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Test Report

Eastern Research Group

Wood-Fired Hydronic Heater

Model: Central Boiler E1400

Prepared for: Eastern Research Group

14555 Avion Parkway, Suite 200

Chantilly, VA 20151

Prepared by: OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc.

13327 NE Airport Way

Portland, OR 97230

(503) 643-3788

Test Period: October 3-25, 2011

Report Date: November 2011

Report Number: 488-O-01-3

All data and information contained in this report are confidential and proprietary to Eastern 

Research Group. Its significance is subject to the adequacy and representative character of 

the samples and to the comprehensiveness of the tests, examinations, or surveys made. The 

contents of this report cannot be copied or quoted, except in full, without specific, written 

authorization from Eastern Research Group and OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc. No use of the 

OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc. name, logo, or registered mark (O-TL) is permitted, except as 

expressly authorized by OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc. in writing.
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AUTHORIZED SIGNATORIES

This report has been reviewed and approved by the following authorized signatories:

James Weston, President

OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc.

Sebastian Button, Emissions Testing Manager

OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc.

Aaron Kravitz, Emissions Testing Technician

OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE........................................................................................................................................ (4 pages)

1. INTRODUCTION/TEST PHOTOGRAPHS...................................................................... 1-1 (11 pages)

Introduction...................................................................................................................................1-2

Photographs ..................................................................................................................................1-4

2. TEST DATA BY RUN..................................................................................................... 2-1 (113 pages)

OAK CORD WOOD TESTS........................................................................................................2-2

Run 1 ......................................................................................................................................2-5

Run 2 ....................................................................................................................................2-13

Run 3 ....................................................................................................................................2-16

Run 4 ....................................................................................................................................2-25

DOUGLAS FIR CORD WOOD TESTS....................................................................................2-28

Run 5 ....................................................................................................................................2-31

Run 6 ....................................................................................................................................2-34

Run 7 ....................................................................................................................................2-43

Run 8 ....................................................................................................................................2-51

Run 9 ....................................................................................................................................2-61

Run 14 ..................................................................................................................................2-64

Run 15 ..................................................................................................................................2-67

DOUGLAS FIR CRIBS TESTS.................................................................................................2-76

Run 10 ..................................................................................................................................2-79

Run 11 ..................................................................................................................................2-87

Run 12 ..................................................................................................................................2-96

Run 13 ................................................................................................................................2-105

3. TESTING PROCEDURES AND RESULTS..................................................................... 3-1 (10 pages)

Summary Tables

OAK CORD WOOD TESTS

Table 1a – Oak Cord Wood Data (Runs 1-4).........................................................................3-2

Table 1b – Oak Cord Wood Emissions Data (Runs 1-4) .......................................................3-3

Table 1c – Oak Cord Wood Year-Round Use Weighting (Runs 1-4)....................................3-3

DOUGLAS FIR CORD WOOD TESTS

Table 2a – Douglas Fir Cord Wood Data (Runs 5-9, 14-15) .................................................3-4

Table 2b – Douglas Fir Cord Wood Emissions Data (Runs 5-9, 14-15)................................3-5

Table 2c – Douglas Fir Cord Wood Year-Round Use Weighting (Runs 5-9, 14-15) ............3-5

Table 2d – Douglas Fir Cord Wood Hangtag.........................................................................3-6

DOUGLAS FIR CRIBS TESTS

Table 3a – Douglas Fir Cribs Data (Runs 10-13)...................................................................3-7

Table 3b – Douglas Fir Cribs Emissions Data (Runs 10-13) .................................................3-8

Table 3c – Douglas Fir Cribs Year-Round Use Weighting (Runs 10-13)..............................3-8

Table 3d – Douglas Fir Cribs Hangtag...................................................................................3-9

Test Results and Discussion........................................................................................................3-10
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4. EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS ......................................................................................... 4-1 (35 pages)

Appendix A – Quality Assurance/Quality Control................................................. A-1 (117 pages)

Appendix B – Water Temperature Graphs ................................................................. B-1 (6 pages)

Appendix C – Stack Gas Concentration Graphs....................................................... C-1 (11 pages)

Appendix D – ERG Statement of Work.................................................................... D-1 (28 pages)
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Section 1

Introduction/Test Photographs
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INTRODUCTION

Eastern Research Group retained OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc. (OMNI) to perform emissions 

testing on the Central Boiler E1400 boiler using the EPA Method 28-OWHH Test Standard. The 

purpose of the testing was to supplement existing data in the development of the new New 

Source Performance Standard (NSPS). The testing took a variety of fueling options into account

to determine if Method 28-OWHH should include the testing of softwood, which is currently the 

required fuel for residential wood stoves. Table 1 show the test matrix of fueling scenarios 

tested.

Scenario Number of 

Test Runs Test Category Wood Type Fuel Configuration

A

1 Category 1 Douglas Fir Crib Wood

1 Category 2 Douglas Fir Crib Wood

1 Category 3 Douglas Fir Crib Wood

1 Category 4 Douglas Fir Crib Wood

B

1 Category 1 Douglas Fir Cord Wood

1 Category 2 Douglas Fir Cord Wood

1 Category 3 Douglas Fir Cord Wood

1 Category 4 Douglas Fir Cord Wood

C

1 Category 1 Oak Cord Wood

1 Category 2 Oak Cord Wood

1 Category 3 Oak Cord Wood

1 Category 4 Oak Cord Wood

Table 1: Test Matrix

The testing was performed at OMNI’s testing facility in Portland, Oregon. OMNI representatives

Sebastian Button, Jeremy Clark, and Aaron Kravitz conducted the testing and completed all 

testing by October 25, 2011. Data were not collected but OMNI personnel did witness the aging 

process.

The testing was performed using the most recent revision of the Method 28 WHH standard 

(dated June 30, 2011). However, there were some slight deviations from the method with 

regards to wood selection. Test scenarios A and B required Douglas Fir, which is less dense than 

Oak. To account for this, a fuel loading density of 7 lbs/ft3for these two scenarios was used. 

Additionally, procuring oak cord wood within the specified moisture range proved to be very 

difficult; available wood supplies were either too dry or too wet. With direction from ERG, 

OMNI selected partially seasoned (at least 6 months) wood, that had an average moisture of 

approximately 33%. 
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The testing method used is composed of three distinct aspects:

 Dilution Tunnel: Method 5G-3/ASTM E 2515-07.

 Efficiency: Uses entering and exiting water temperature differences along with measured 

flow rate to determine useful heat output.

 Operation: The appliance is brought to operating temperature before adding the test fuel 

charge, providing for a hot-to-hot test cycle with measurements taken under constant heat 

draw conditions within pre-determined ranges. There is no attempt to modulate heat 

demand to simulate an indoor thermostat cycling on and off in response to changes in the 

indoor environment.

Four test categories are used within the “Operation” scope: 

 Category I: Heat Output 15% Or Less of Manufacturer’s Rated Heat Output Capacity

 Category II: Heat Output 16 To 24% of Manufacturer’s Rated Heat Output Capacity

 Category III: Heat Output 25 To 50% of Manufacturer’s Rated Heat Output Capacity

 Category IV: Manufacturer’s Rated Heat Output Capacity

This test report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval from OMNI. 

The test results presented herein apply only to the specific appliance tested.
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Eastern Research Group

Central Boiler E1400

Test Dates: October 3-25, 2011
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Section 2

Test Data by Run
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Runs 1-4: Oak Cord Wood Tests

Fire went out on Runs 2 and 4 (Category 1 and 2, respectively)
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Run 1
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Run 2
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Run 3
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Run 4
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Runs 5-9, 14-15: Douglas Fir Cord Wood Tests

Data files were corrupted for Runs 5 and 9; Run 14 was set aside 

due to a failed post-test sample train leak check.
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Run 5
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Run 6
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Run 7
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Run 8
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Run 9
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Run 14
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Run 15
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Runs 10-13: Douglas Fir Crib Tests
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Run 10
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Run 11
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Run 12
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Run 13
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Section 3

Testing Results
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Table 1a  Oak Cord Wood Data (Runs 1-4)

θ Wfuel MCave QinLHV QinHHV Qout

Category

Run 

No.

Load % 

Capacity

Target 

Load

Actual 

Load Actual Load Test Duration

Wood Weight 

As-Fired

Wood 

Moisture

Heat 

Input 

(LHV)

Heat 

Input 

(HHV)

Heat 

Output

Btu/hr Btu/hr % of max hrs lb % DB Btu Btu Btu

I 2

< 15% 

of max

0 –

12179 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

II 4

16-24% 

of max

12991 -

19487 NA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

III 3

25-50% 

of max

20299 -

40598 32940 40% 13.63 137.0 33.08 822299 885299 449080

IV 1

Max 

capacity N/A 81197 100.0% 5.57 138.3 33.24 829141 892665 451997
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Table 1b  Oak Cord Wood Emissions Data (Runs 1-4)

T2 Min ET E E Eg/hr Eg/kg ηdel ηdelLHV ηSLM

Category Run No. Load % Capacity

Min Return 

Water 

Temp.

Total PM 

Emissions

PM 

Output 

Based

PM Output 

Based

PM 

Rate

PM 

Factor

Delivered 

Efficiency

LHV 

Delivered 

Efficiency

LHV 

Stack 

Loss 

Efficiency

°F g

lb/MMBtu 

Out g/MJ g/hr g/kg % % %

I 2 < 15% of max N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

II 4 16-24% of max N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

III 3 25-50% of max 152.5 72.4 0.36 0.15 5.3 1.5 50.7 54.6 75.7

IV 1 Max capacity 135.3 212.1 1.03 0.44 38.1 4.5 50.6 54.5 72.3

Table 1c  Oak Cord Wood Year-Round Use Weighting (Runs 1-4)

Category Weighting Factor 

(Fi)

ηdel,i x 

Fi

Eg/MJ,i x 

Fi

Eg/kg,i x 

Fi

Elb/MMBtu Out,i x 

Fi

Eg/hr,i x 

Fi

I 0.437 - - - - -

II 0.238 - - - - -

III 0.275 12.1 0.04 0.37 0.08 1.26

IV 0.05 13.9 0.12 1.24 0.28 10.48

Totals 1 - - - - -
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Table 2a  Douglas Fir Cord Wood Data (Runs 5-9, 14-15)

θ Wfuel MCave QinLHV QinHHV Qout

Category

Run 

No.

Load % 

Capacity

Target 

Load

Actual 

Load Actual Load Test Duration

Wood Weight 

As-Fired

Wood 

Moisture

Heat 

Input 

(LHV)

Heat 

Input 

(HHV)

Heat 

Output

Btu/hr Btu/hr % of max hrs lb % DB Btu Btu Btu

I 8

< 15% 

of max

0 -

23211 18956 12.3% 17.25 97.3 19.86 648473 698156 326995

II 6

16-24% 

of max

24759 –

37138 34217 22.1% 11.78 96.6 20.99 637792 686656 403188

III 15

25-50% 

of max

38686 –

77372 61765 39.9% 7.75 96.6 21.17 636845 685637 478677

IV 7

Max 

capacity N/A 154743 100.0% 2.72 99.9 21.98 654226 704349 420386
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Table 2b  Douglas Fir Cord Wood Emissions Data (Runs 5-9, 14-15)

T2 Min ET E E Eg/hr Eg/kg ηdel ηdelLHV ηSLM

Category Run No. Load % Capacity

Min Return 

Water 

Temp.

Total PM 

Emissions

PM 

Output 

Based

PM Output 

Based

PM 

Rate

PM 

Factor

Delivered 

Efficiency

LHV 

Delivered 

Efficiency

LHV 

Stack 

Loss 

Efficiency

°F g

lb/MMBtu 

Out g/MJ g/hr g/kg % % %

I 8 < 15% of max 146.7 113.6 0.77 0.33 6.6 3.1 46.8 50.4 50.8

II 6 16-24% of max 153.4 203.8 1.11 0.48 17.3 5.6 58.7 63.2 73.9

III 15 25-50% of max 141.6 114.7 0.53 0.23 14.8 3.2 69.8 75.2 79.6

IV 7 Max capacity 117.2 112.6 0.59 0.25 41.5 3.0 59.7 64.3 75.0

Table 2c  Douglas Fir Cord Wood Year-Round Use Weighting (Runs 5-9, 14-15)

Category Weighting Factor 

(Fi)

ηdel,i x 

Fi

Eg/MJ,i x 

Fi

Eg/kg,i x 

Fi

Elb/MMBtu Out,i x 

Fi

Eg/hr,i x 

Fi

I 0.437 20.5 0.14 1.35 0.33 2.88

II 0.238 14.0 0.11 1.34 0.27 4.12

III 0.275 19.2 0.06 0.87 0.15 4.07

IV 0.05 3.0 0.01 0.15 0.02 2.07

Totals 1 56.6 0.33 3.7 0.76 13.1
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Table 2d  Douglas Fir Cord Wood Hangtag

MANUFACTURER: N/A

MODEL NUMBER: N/A

8-HOUR OUTPUT RATING: Qout-8hr 60057 Btu/hr

8-HOUR AVERAGE 

EFFICIENCY: ηavg-8hr 69.1% (Using higher heating 

value)

74.4% (Using lower heating value)

ANNUAL EFFICIENCY RATING: ηavg 56.6% (Using higher heating 

value)

61.0% (Using lower heating value)

PARTICLE EMISSIONS: Eavg 13.1 GRAMS/HR (average)

0.77 LBS/MILLION Btu OUTPUT
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Table 3a  Douglas Fir Cribs Data (Runs 10-13)

θ Wfuel MCave QinLHV QinHHV Qout

Category

Run 

No.

Load % 

Capacity

Target 

Load

Actual 

Load Actual Load Test Duration

Wood Weight 

As-Fired

Wood 

Moisture

Heat 

Input 

(LHV)

Heat 

Input 

(HHV)

Heat 

Output

Btu/hr Btu/hr % of max hrs lb % DB Btu Btu Btu

I 11

< 15% 

of max

0 –

25684 20068 11.7% 15.22 96.5 22.91 627177 675228 305368

II 13

16-24% 

of max

27397 –

41095 35612 20.8% 12.45 102.6 22.52 668920 720169 443375

III 12

25-50% 

of max

42807 –

85614 66358 38.8% 8.17 109.3 22.57 712290 766862 541920

IV 10

Max 

capacity N/A 171228 100.0% 2.77 98.7 21.94 646560 696096 473732
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Table 3b  Douglas Fir Cribs Emissions Data (Runs 10-13)

T2 Min ET E E Eg/hr Eg/kg ηdel ηdelLHV ηSLM

Category Run No. Load % Capacity

Min Return 

Water 

Temp.

Total PM 

Emissions

PM 

Output 

Based

PM Output 

Based

PM 

Rate

PM 

Factor

Delivered 

Efficiency

LHV 

Delivered 

Efficiency

LHV 

Stack 

Loss 

Efficiency

°F g

lb/MMBtu 

Out g/MJ g/hr g/kg % % %

I 11 < 15% of max 145.0 188.0 1.36 0.58 12.4 5.3 45.2 48.7 74.4

II 13 16-24% of max 128.3 136.5 0.68 0.29 11.0 3.6 61.6 66.3 66.1

III 12 25-50% of max 147.0 125.1 0.51 0.22 15.3 3.1 70.7 76.1 72.3

IV 10 Max capacity 113.9 114.7 0.53 0.23 41.5 3.1 68.1 73.3 76.1

Table 3c  Douglas Fir Cribs Year-Round Use Weighting (Runs 10-13)

Category Weighting Factor 

(Fi)

ηdel,i x 

Fi

Eg/MJ,i x 

Fi

Eg/kg,i x 

Fi

Elb/MMBtu Out,i x 

Fi

Eg/hr,i x 

Fi

I 0.437 19.8 0.26 2.31 0.59 5.40

II 0.238 14.7 0.07 0.86 0.16 2.61

III 0.275 19.4 0.06 0.85 0.14 4.21

IV 0.05 3.4 0.01 0.16 0.02 2.07

Totals 1 57.3 0.40 4.2 0.91 14.3
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Table 3d  Douglas Fir Cribs Hangtag

MANUFACTURER: N/A

MODEL NUMBER: N/A

8-HOUR OUTPUT RATING: Qout-8hr 69594 Btu/hr

8-HOUR AVERAGE 

EFFICIENCY: ηavg-8hr 70.6% (Using higher heating 

value)

76.0% (Using lower heating value)

ANNUAL EFFICIENCY RATING: ηavg 57.3% (Using higher heating 

value)

61.6% (Using lower heating value)

PARTICLE EMISSIONS: Eavg 14.3 GRAMS/HR (average)

0.92 LBS/MILLION Btu OUTPUT
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TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A total of 15 test runs were performed on the Central Boiler E1400 boiler. Test runs for each 

fuel type (Oak cord wood, Douglas Fir cord wood, Douglas Fir cribs) were conducted in the 

following categories based on the manufacturer’s rated heat capacity: 15% or less of maximum 

capacity (category I); 16-24% of capacity (category II); 25-50% of capacity (category III); and 

manufacturer’s rated heat capacity (category IV). NOTES: During Oak cord wood testing, the 

fire went on Runs 2 and 4 (Categories I and II, respectively). During Douglas Fir cord wood 

testing, the data files were corrupted for Runs 5 and 9, and Run 14 was thrown out due to the 

sample train failing the post-test leak check. 

Emissions (lb/mmbtu output)

Runs 5-9, 14-15 (Douglas Fir Cord Wood) Runs 10-13 (Douglas Fir Cribs)

Weighting

High Heating Value 

(8600 Btu)

Low Heating Value 

(7988 Btu)

High Heating 

Value (8600 Btu)

Low Heating 

Value (7988 Btu)

Heating Season 0.74 0.74 0.71 0.71

Year-Round Use 0.77 0.77 0.92 0.92

For Douglas Fir cord wood testing, the average Btu/hr for 8-hour burn time was measured to be 

60,057 Btu/hr. The average efficiencies for 8-hour burn time were measured to be 69.1% 

(HHV) and 74.4% (LHV).

For Douglas Fir crib testing, the average Btu/hr for 8-hour burn time was measured to be 69,594

Btu/hr. The average efficiencies for 8-hour burn time were measured to be 70.6% (HHV) and

76.0% (LHV).

The precision and accuracy of the emissions and heating efficiency results presented in this 

report cannot be specified because of the unmeasured variability of results that would occur 

between identical appliances and fueling protocols. It is estimated, using precision data from 

similar sampling and measurement methods, that the precision of the results presented in this 

report are +/- 10 to 12% of the emissions values and +/- 3 to 4 percentage points of thermal 

efficiency.
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Section 4

Example Calculations
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Appendix A

Quality Assurance/Quality Control 
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QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

OMNI follows the guidelines of ISO/IEC 17025, “General Requirements for the Competence of 

Testing and Calibration Laboratories,” and the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) 

procedures found in OMNI’s Quality Assurance Manual.

OMNI’s scope of accreditation includes, but is not limited to, the following:

 ANSI (American National Standards Institute) for certification of product to safety 

standards.

 To perform product safety testing by the International Accreditation Service, Inc. 

(formerly ICBO ES) under accreditation as a testing laboratory designated TL-130.

 To perform product safety testing as a “Certification Organization” by the Standards 

Council of Canada (SCC).

 Serving as a testing laboratory for the certification of wood heaters by the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. 

This report is issued within the scope of OMNI’s accreditation. Accreditation certificates are 

available upon request.

This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of OMNI-Test 

Laboratories, Inc.
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Sample Analysis

Analysis Worksheets

Tared Filter and Probe Data
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Calibrations

ID # Lab Name/Purpose Log Name Attachment Type

23 Scale Analytical Balance – Mettler Instrument Calibration Certificate

131 500 mg Weight Standard Weight, 500 mg – Ohaus Calibration Certificate

132 10 lb Weight Standard Weight, 10 lb Calibration Log

183 Moisture Meter Moisture Meter – Delmhorst Manual

209 Barometer Barometer – Princo Manual Cover

265 Vaneometer Vaneometer/Air Velocity Meter – Calibration Log Calibration Log

289 Control Module Control Module – Apex Calibration Logs

291 Hygrometer Digital Hygrometer/Thermometer – Omega Calibration Certificate

353 Scale Small Platform Scale – MTW Calibration Log

356 Scale Pro-Dec Scale – Weigh-Tronix Manual Cover

371 Sampling Box Method 6 Source Sampler – Apex Calibration Logs

372 Sampling Box Method 6 Source Sampler – Apex Calibration Logs

410 Microtector Microtector – Dwyer Manual

419 Gas Analyzer Infrared Gas Analyzer – California Analytical 

Instruments Manual Cover

436 Stopwatch Stopwatch – Robic Calibration Log

513 Magmeter Low Flow Magmeter – Omega Calibration Sheets

Thermopile 5-Junction Type-T Thermopile Schematic/Algorithm
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Appendix B

Water Temperature Graphs
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Appendix C

Stack Gas Concentration Graphs
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Appendix D

ERG Statement of Work