www.eia.gov/mer U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration

MonthlyEnergyReview

September2010

DOE/EIA-0035(2010/09)
Monthly Energy Review

The Monthly Energy Review (MER) is the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) primary

report of recent and historical energy statistics. Included are statistics on total energy production,

consumption, trade, and energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity,

nuclear energy, renewable energy, and international petroleum; carbon dioxide emissions; and data

unit conversions.

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Released: September 30, 2010
DOE/EIA-0035(2010/09)

Monthly Energy Review

September 2010

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the

U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or

employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of

the Department of Energy or other Federal agencies.
Contacts

The Monthly Energy Review is prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End

Use, Integrated Energy Statistics Division, Domestic Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Barbara T. Fichman,

202-586-5737 (barbara.fichman@eia.gov). Questions and comments specifically related to the Monthly Energy Review may

be addressed to Michelle Burch, 202-586-5850 (michelle.burch@eia.gov). 

For assistance in acquiring data, please contact the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800 or

infoctr@eia.gov. Questions about the collection, processing, or interpretation of the information may be directed to the

following subject specialists:

Section 1. Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn 202-586-2792

dianne.dunn@eia.gov

Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dianne R. Dunn 202-586-2792

dianne.dunn@eia.gov

Section 3. Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matthew Breslin 202-586-2992

matt.breslin@eia.gov

Section 4. Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney 202-586-2627

amy.sweeney@eia.gov

Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development . . . Robert F. King 202-586-4787

robert.king@eia.gov

Section 6. Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mary L. Lilly 202-586-1490

mary.lilly@eia.gov

Section 7. Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ronald S. Hankey 202-586-2630

ronald.hankey@eia.gov

Section 8. Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John R. Moens 202-586-1509

 john.moens@eia.gov

Section 9. Energy Prices

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Wells 202-586-4885

patricia.wells@eia.gov

Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Sweeney 202-586-2627

amy.sweeney@eia.gov

Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charlene Harris-Russell 202-586-2661

charlene.harris-russell@eia.gov

Cost of Fuel at Electric Generating Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rebecca McNerney 202-586-4509

rebecca.mcnerney@eia.gov

Section 10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louise Guey-Lee 202-586-1293

louise.guey-lee@eia.gov

Section 11. International Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patricia Smith 202-586-6925

patricia.smith@eia.gov

Section 12. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Perry Lindstrom 202-586-0934

perry.lindstrom@eia.gov

ii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Contents

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Section 1. Energy Overview............................................. 1

Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Section 3. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Section 4. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Section 6. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Section 7. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Section 8. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Section 9. Energy Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Section 10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Section 11. International Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Section 12. Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 iii
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Section 1. Energy Overview

1.1 Primary Energy Overview............................................................3

1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source.................................................. 5

1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source................................................ 7

1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.5 Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Section 3. Petroleum

3.1 Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.3 Petroleum Trade

3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.3b Imports and Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.3c Imports From OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3.3d Imports From Non-OPEC Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.4 Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.7 Petroleum Consumption

3.7a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3.7b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

3.7c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3.8 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption

3.8a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3.8b Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

3.8c Transportation and Electric Power Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Section 4. Natural Gas

4.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

4.2 Natural Gas Trade by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

5.3 Maximum U.S. Active Seismic Crew Counts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

iv U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
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Section 6. Coal

6.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Section 7. Electricity

7.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

7.2 Electricity Net Generation 

7.2a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

7.2b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

7.2c Commercial and Industrial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

7.3 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

7.3a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

7.3b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

7.3c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

7.4 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output

7.4a Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

7.4b Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

7.4c Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Selected Fuels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

7.6 Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Section 8. Nuclear Energy

8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Section 9. Energy Prices

9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

9.4 Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

9.8 No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences

9.8a Northeastern States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

9.8b Selected South Atlantic and Midwestern States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

9.8c Selected Western States and U.S. Average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

9.9 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

9.10 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

9.11 Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Section 10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

10.2 Renewable Energy Consumption 

10.2a Residential and Commercial Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

10.2b Industrial and Transportation Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

10.2c Electric Power Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

10.4 Biodiesel Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 v
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Section 11. International Petroleum 

11.1 World Crude Oil Production

11.1a OPEC Members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

11.1b Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, and World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Section 12. Environment

12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

12.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

12.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Appendix A. British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

vi U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Figures

Page

Section 1. Energy Overview

1.1 Primary Energy Overview............................................................2

1.2 Primary Energy Production........................................................... 4

1.3 Primary Energy Consumption......................................................... 6

1.4a Primary Energy Imports and Exports................................................... 8

1.4b Primary Energy Net Imports.......................................................... 9

1.5 Merchandise Trade Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.8 Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Section 2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Section 3. Petroleum

3.1 Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.3 Petroleum Trade

 3.3a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

 3.3b Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.4 Petroleum Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3.7 Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3.8 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Sector, Selected Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Section 4. Natural Gas

4.1 Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Section 5. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development

5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Section 6. Coal

6.1 Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Section 7. Electricity

7.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

7.2 Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

7.3 Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

7.4 Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and 

 Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

7.6 Electricity End Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Section 8. Nuclear Energy

8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 vii
Figures

Page

Section 9. Energy Prices

9.1 Petroleum Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

9.2 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

9.3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

9.4 Natural Gas Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Section 10. Renewable Energy 

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Sectionr 11. International Petroleum

11.1 World Crude Oil Production

11.1a Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

11.1b By Selected Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Section 12. Environment

12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

viii U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Energy Overview

1

The continental United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

satellite imagery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.
Figure 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

(Quadrillion Btu)

Consumption, Production, and Imports, 1973-2009

Consumption, Production, and Imports, Monthly

Overview, June 2010 Net Imports, January-June

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

Source: Table 1.1.

2 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

13.096

11.999

11.078

2008 2009 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Consumption

Production

Imports

2008 2009 2010

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

10

Consumption

Production

Imports

6.222

2.549

0.672

7.982

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

2

4

6

8

10
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 3

Table 1.1 Primary Energy Overview

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Production Trade

Stock

Change

and

Otherd

Consumption

Fossil

Fuelsa

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable

Energyb Total Imports Exports

Net

Importsc

Fossil

Fuelse

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable

Energyb Totalf

1973 Total .................... 58.241 0.910 4.433 63.585 14.613 2.033 12.580 -0.456 70.316 0.910 4.433 75.708

1975 Total .................... 54.733 1.900 4.723 61.357 14.032 2.323 11.709 -1.067 65.355 1.900 4.723 71.999

1980 Total .................... 59.008 2.739 5.485 67.232 15.796 3.695 12.101 -1.212 69.826 2.739 5.485 78.122

1985 Total .................... 57.539 4.076 6.185 67.799 11.781 4.196 7.584 1.107 66.091 4.076 6.185 76.491

1990 Total .................... 58.560 6.104 6.206 70.870 18.817 4.752 14.065 -.283 72.333 6.104 6.206 84.651

1995 Total .................... 57.540 7.075 6.701 71.316 22.260 4.511 17.750 2.103 77.257 7.075 6.703 91.169

1996 Total .................... 58.387 7.087 7.165 72.639 23.702 4.633 19.069 2.465 79.782 7.087 7.166 94.172

1997 Total .................... 58.857 6.597 7.177 72.631 25.215 4.514 20.701 1.429 80.874 6.597 7.175 94.761

1998 Total .................... 59.314 7.068 6.655 73.037 26.581 4.299 22.281 -.140 81.369 7.068 6.654 95.178

1999 Total .................... 57.614 7.610 6.678 71.903 27.252 3.715 23.537 1.372 82.427 7.610 6.677 96.812

2000 Total .................... 57.366 7.862 6.257 71.485 28.973 4.006 24.967 2.517 84.732 7.862 6.260 98.970

2001 Total .................... 58.541 8.029 5.312 71.883 30.157 3.770 26.386 -1.953 82.902 8.029 5.311 96.316

2002 Total .................... 56.894 8.145 5.892 70.931 29.407 3.668 25.739 1.183 83.749 8.145 5.888 97.853

2003 Total .................... 56.099 7.959 6.139 70.197 31.061 4.054 27.007 .927 84.010 7.959 6.141 98.131

2004 Total .................... 55.895 8.222 6.235 70.352 33.543 4.433 29.110 .851 85.805 8.222 6.247 100.313

2005 Total .................... 55.038 8.161 6.393 69.592 34.710 4.561 30.149 .704 85.793 8.161 6.406 100.445

2006 Total .................... 55.968 8.215 6.774 70.957 34.673 4.868 29.805 -.973 84.687 8.215 6.824 99.790

2007 Total .................... 56.447 8.455 6.706 71.608 34.685 5.448 29.238 .682 86.246 8.455 6.719 101.527

2008 January ................ 4.872 .739 .615 6.226 2.946 .533 2.412 .849 8.126 .739 .611 9.487

 February .............. 4.604 .681 .557 5.842 2.599 .525 2.073 .805 7.473 .681 .557 8.721

 March ................... 4.891 .676 .621 6.188 2.758 .604 2.154 .312 7.358 .676 .613 8.655

 April ..................... 4.788 .599 .622 6.009 2.773 .586 2.187 -.317 6.649 .599 .622 7.879

 May ...................... 4.883 .678 .684 6.244 2.740 .618 2.123 -.423 6.578 .678 .680 7.944

 June ..................... 4.661 .735 .690 6.087 2.765 .619 2.146 -.149 6.650 .735 .689 8.084

 July ...................... 4.981 .777 .661 6.419 2.814 .603 2.211 -.167 7.010 .777 .661 8.463

 August ................. 4.948 .759 .614 6.321 2.835 .581 2.254 -.305 6.883 .759 .613 8.270

 September ........... 4.413 .701 .547 5.661 2.442 .514 1.928 -.215 6.115 .701 .548 7.374

 October ................ 4.897 .657 .568 6.122 2.826 .586 2.240 -.539 6.590 .657 .570 7.822

 November ............ 4.745 .663 .568 5.976 2.691 .589 2.102 -.220 6.626 .663 .566 7.859

 December ............ 4.931 .762 .632 6.326 2.759 .615 2.144 .374 7.440 .762 .636 8.845

 Total .................... 57.613 8.427 7.381 73.421 32.948 6.973 25.975 .005 83.496 8.427 7.366 99.402

2009 January ................ 4.906 .775 .651 6.331 R 2.828 .592 R 2.236 R .598 R 7.738 .775 .646 9.165

 February .............. 4.514 .671 .559 5.744 R 2.378 .499 R 1.879 .292 R 6.685 .671 .550 R 7.915

 March ................... 4.926 .703 .640 6.269 R 2.664 .557 R 2.106 -.276 6.755 .703 .638 8.100

 April ..................... 4.698 .621 .662 5.981 R 2.487 .506 R 1.981 R -.569 R 6.100 .621 .666 R 7.393

 May ...................... 4.726 .683 .706 6.116 R 2.436 .534 R 1.902 -.673 R 5.941 .683 .710 R 7.344

 June ..................... 4.686 .729 .697 6.112 R 2.457 .564 R 1.894 -.424 R 6.143 .729 .699 R 7.582

 July ...................... 4.826 .763 .655 6.243 2.552 .617 1.935 -.311 R 6.436 .763 .655 R 7.867

 August ................. 4.832 .755 .630 R 6.217 R 2.446 .594 R 1.852 -.052 R 6.616 .755 .630 R 8.017

 September ........... 4.678 .686 .582 5.946 R 2.454 .598 R 1.856 R -.481 R 6.044 .686 .580 R 7.321

 October ................ 4.805 .606 .640 6.051 R 2.326 .646 1.681 -.183 R 6.290 .606 .640 R 7.548

 November ............ R 4.654 .617 .656 5.927 R 2.316 .597 1.720 -.102 6.267 .617 .651 7.544

 December ............ 4.749 .739 .706 R 6.195 R 2.352 .627 R 1.725 1.000 7.469 .739 .701 8.920

 Total .................... R 57.000 8.349 7.782 R 73.131 R 29.698 R 6.931 R 22.767 -1.182 R 78.484 8.349 7.766 R 94.716

2010 January ................ 4.749 .758 .674 6.181 2.501 .589 R 1.912 R 1.112 R 7.766 .758 .668 R 9.206

 February .............. 4.436 .682 .610 R 5.729 R 2.220 .554 R 1.666 .899 R 6.994 .682 .606 R 8.294

 March ................... 5.047 .676 .682 6.405 2.510 .647 R 1.862 R -.016 R 6.889 .676 .677 R 8.252

 April ..................... R 4.831 .602 .659 R 6.092 2.571 .681 R 1.890 R -.612 R 6.100 .602 .658 R 7.370

 May ...................... R 4.820 .697 .723 R 6.240 R 2.569 .697 R 1.871 R -.413 R 6.275 .697 .721 R 7.698

 June ..................... 4.751 .714 .757 6.222 2.549 .672 1.876 -.116 6.500 .714 .760 7.982

 6-Month Total ..... 28.634 4.129 4.106 36.869 14.918 3.841 11.078 .854 40.523 4.129 4.091 48.801

2009 6-Month Total ..... 28.457 4.182 3.914 36.554 15.251 3.252 11.999 -1.053 39.362 4.182 3.909 47.500

2008 6-Month Total ..... 28.698 4.109 3.789 36.596 16.581 3.485 13.096 1.077 42.833 4.109 3.772 50.769

a Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. b Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series

components and estimation.

c Net imports equal imports minus exports. d Includes petroleum stock change and adjustments; natural gas net storage

withdrawals and balancing item; coal stock change, losses, and unaccounted for;

fuel ethanol stock change; and biodiesel stock change and balancing item. e Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum.

f Also includes electricity net imports.

R=Revised. 

Notes: • See "Primary Energy," "Primary Energy Production," and "Primary

Energy Consumption," in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the

District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Production: Table 1.2. • Trade: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. • Stock

Change and Other: Calculated as consumption minus production and net imports.

• Consumption: Table 1.3.
Figure 1.2 Primary Energy Production

(Quadrillion Btu)

Total, 1973-2009 Total, Monthly

By Source, 1973-2009 By Source, Monthly

Total, January-June By Source, June 2010

a

 Natural gas plant liquids. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html

Source: Table 1.2.

4 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

2008 2009 2010

2008 2009 2010

Nuclear

Electric Power

Renewable

Energy

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

25

50

75

100

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J ASOND

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Coal

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and NGPLa

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy

Coal

Natural Gas Crude Oil

 and NGPLa

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy

 Crude Oil

 and NGPLa

36.596 36.554 36.869

2008 2009 2010

0

10

20

30

40

1.798

1.785

1.169

0.757

0.714

Natural Gas

Coal

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 5

Table 1.2 Primary Energy Production by Source

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energya

Coal Total b

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

 Oilc NGPLd Total

Hydroelectric

Powere

GeothermalSolar/

PV Wind

Biomass Total

1973 Total .................. 13.992 22.187 19.493 2.569 58.241 0.910 2.861 0.043 NA NA 1.529 4.433 63.585

1975 Total .................. 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 3.155 .070 NA NA 1.499 4.723 61.357

1980 Total .................. 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 2.900 .110 NA NA 2.475 5.485 67.232

1985 Total .................. 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 2.970 .198 (s) (s) 3.016 6.185 67.799

1990 Total .................. 22.488 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.560 6.104 3.046 .336 .060 .029 2.735 6.206 70.870

1995 Total .................. 22.130 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.540 7.075 3.205 .294 .070 .033 3.099 6.701 71.316

1996 Total .................. 22.790 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.387 7.087 3.590 .316 .071 .033 3.155 7.165 72.639

1997 Total .................. 23.310 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.857 6.597 3.640 .325 .070 .034 3.108 7.177 72.631

1998 Total .................. 24.045 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.314 7.068 3.297 .328 .070 .031 2.929 6.655 73.037

1999 Total .................. 23.295 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.614 7.610 3.268 .331 .069 .046 2.965 6.678 71.903

2000 Total .................. 22.735 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.366 7.862 2.811 .317 .066 .057 3.006 6.257 71.485

2001 Total .................. 23.547 20.166 12.282 2.547 58.541 8.029 2.242 .311 .065 .070 2.624 5.312 71.883

2002 Total .................. 22.732 19.439 12.163 2.559 56.894 8.145 2.689 .328 .064 .105 2.705 5.892 70.931

2003 Total .................. 22.094 19.633 12.026 2.346 56.099 7.959 2.825 .331 .064 .115 2.805 6.139 70.197

2004 Total .................. 22.852 19.074 11.503 2.466 55.895 8.222 2.690 .341 .064 .142 2.998 6.235 70.352

2005 Total .................. 23.185 18.556 10.963 2.334 55.038 8.161 2.703 .343 .066 .178 3.104 6.393 69.592

2006 Total .................. 23.790 19.022 10.801 2.356 55.968 8.215 2.869 .343 .072 .264 3.226 6.774 70.957

2007 Total .................. 23.493 19.825 10.721 2.409 56.447 8.455 2.446 .349 .081 .341 3.489 6.706 71.608

2008 January .............. 2.008 1.741 .917 .206 4.872 .739 .205 .029 .008 .042 .331 .615 6.226

 February ............ 1.904 1.640 .862 .198 4.604 .681 .185 .027 .007 .038 .300 .557 5.842

 March ................. 1.970 1.779 .926 .215 4.891 .676 .214 .030 .008 .047 .321 .621 6.188

 April ................... 1.979 1.709 .890 .210 4.788 .599 .219 .030 .008 .051 .314 .622 6.009

 May .................... 1.969 1.780 .917 .217 4.883 .678 .268 .031 .008 .053 .324 .684 6.244

 June ................... 1.839 1.731 .887 .204 4.661 .735 .288 .030 .008 .051 .313 .690 6.087

 July .................... 2.019 1.825 .923 .214 4.981 .777 .252 .031 .009 .039 .330 .661 6.419

 August ............... 2.044 1.815 .880 .208 4.948 .759 .209 .031 .009 .032 .334 .614 6.321

 September ......... 2.022 1.539 .684 .168 4.413 .701 .159 .030 .008 .031 .319 .547 5.661

 October .............. 2.123 1.733 .840 .201 4.897 .657 .152 .031 .008 .047 .330 .568 6.122

 November .......... 1.942 1.735 .874 .193 4.745 .663 .154 .030 .008 .049 .327 .568 5.976

 December .......... 2.032 1.806 .909 .185 4.931 .762 .206 .031 .008 .065 .323 .632 6.326

 Total .................. 23.851 20.834 10.509 2.419 57.613 8.427 2.511 .360 .097 .546 3.867 7.381 73.421

2009 January .............. 1.944 E 1.840 .927 .196 4.906 .775 .235 .032 .009 .059 .316 .651 6.331

 February ............ 1.794 E 1.678 .854 R .189 4.514 .671 .176 .029 .008 .056 .289 .559 5.744

 March ................. 1.921 E 1.848 .940 .216 4.926 .703 .214 .033 .009 .068 .316 .640 6.269

 April ................... 1.788 E 1.784 .918 .209 4.698 .621 .250 .030 .009 .072 .301 .662 5.981

 May .................... 1.711 E 1.825 .967 .224 4.726 .683 .290 .031 .010 .060 .316 .706 6.116

 June ................... 1.781 E 1.772 .919 .213 4.686 .729 .287 .030 .009 .053 .317 .697 6.112

 July .................... 1.823 E 1.813 .971 .218 4.826 .763 .226 .031 .010 .046 .342 .655 6.243

 August ............... 1.812 E 1.826 .974 .220 4.832 .755 .189 .031 .010 .052 .348 .630 R 6.217

 September ......... 1.769 E 1.726 .965 .217 4.678 .686 .170 .031 .009 .043 .329 .582 5.946

 October .............. 1.772 E 1.817 .989 .226 4.805 .606 .194 .031 .009 .062 .343 .640 6.051

 November .......... 1.724 E 1.764 .944 .221 R 4.654 .617 .206 .032 .009 .063 .346 .656 5.927

 December .......... 1.738 E 1.806 .980 .224 4.749 .739 .244 .033 .009 .062 .359 .706 R 6.195

 Total .................. 21.578 E 21.500 11.348 R 2.574 R 57.000 8.349 2.682 .373 .109 .697 3.921 7.782 R 73.131

2010 January .............. 1.724 E 1.829 E .977 .219 4.749 .758 .217 .033 .009 .063 .353 .674 6.181

 February ............ 1.667 E 1.677 E .887 R .205 4.436 .682 .201 .029 .008 .050 .322 .610 R 5.729

 March ................. 1.946 E 1.883 E .989 .229 5.047 .676 .203 .031 .009 .081 .359 .682 6.405

 April ................... R 1.830 E 1.825 E .956 .219 R 4.831 .602 .183 .030 .009 .094 .343 .659 R 6.092

 May .................... R 1.720 RE 1.885 E .983 .231 R 4.820 .697 .244 .032 .010 .083 .354 .723 R 6.240

 June ................... 1.785 E 1.798 E .951 .218 4.751 .714 .289 .031 .010 .077 .350 .757 6.222

 6-Month Total ... 10.673 E 10.897 E 5.744 1.320 28.634 4.129 1.337 .186 .054 .448 2.080 4.106 36.869

2009 6-Month Total ... 10.939 E 10.747 5.524 1.247 28.457 4.182 1.452 .185 .054 .369 1.854 3.914 36.554

2008 6-Month Total ... 11.669 10.380 5.399 1.250 28.698 4.109 1.378 .177 .048 .282 1.904 3.789 36.596

a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series

components and estimation.

b Beginning in 1989, includes waste coal supplied. Beginning in 2001, also

includes a small amount of refuse recovery. See Table 6.1. c Includes lease condensate. d Natural gas plant liquids. e Conventional hydroelectric power.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See "Primary Energy Production" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the

50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. • Natural Gas (Dry): Tables 4.1 and

A4. • Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids: Tables 3.1 and A2.

• Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6 ("Nuclear Plants" heat rate).

• Renewable Energy: Table 10.1.
Figure 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

Total, 1973-2009 Total, Monthly

By Source,a

 1973-2009 By Source,a Monthly

Total, January-June By Source,a

 June 2010 

a

 Small quantities of net imports of coal coke and electricity are not shown. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html. 

Source: Table 1.3. 

 

6 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Coal

Renewable

Energy

Nuclear

Electric Power

2008 2009 2010

2008 2009 2010

Nuclear Electric Power Nuclear Electric Power

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

15

30

45

J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

1

2

3

4

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable Energy

Petroleum

Natural 

Gas Coal

Renewable Energy

50.769

47.500 48.801

2008 2009 2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2.978

1.837

1.684

0.760

0.714

Petroleum

Coal

Natural Gas

01234
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 7

Table 1.3 Primary Energy Consumption by Source

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energya

Total Coal f Natural

Gasb Petroleumc Totald

Hydroelectric

Powere Geothermal

Solar/

PV Wind

Biomass Total

1973 Total .................... 12.971 22.512 34.840 70.316 0.910 2.861 0.043 NA NA 1.529 4.433 75.708

1975 Total .................... 12.663 19.948 32.731 65.355 1.900 3.155 .070 NA NA 1.499 4.723 71.999

1980 Total .................... 15.423 20.235 34.202 69.826 2.739 2.900 .110 NA NA 2.475 5.485 78.122

1985 Total .................... 17.478 17.703 30.922 66.091 4.076 2.970 .198 (s) (s) 3.016 6.185 76.491

1990 Total .................... 19.173 19.603 33.553 72.333 6.104 3.046 .336 .060 .029 2.735 6.206 84.651

1995 Total .................... 20.089 22.671 34.436 77.257 7.075 3.205 .294 .070 .033 3.101 6.703 91.169

1996 Total .................... 21.002 23.085 35.673 79.782 7.087 3.590 .316 .071 .033 3.157 7.166 94.172

1997 Total .................... 21.445 23.223 36.159 80.874 6.597 3.640 .325 .070 .034 3.105 7.175 94.761

1998 Total .................... 21.656 22.830 36.816 81.369 7.068 3.297 .328 .070 .031 2.928 6.654 95.178

1999 Total .................... 21.623 22.909 37.837 82.427 7.610 3.268 .331 .069 .046 2.963 6.677 96.812

2000 Total .................... 22.580 23.824 38.263 84.732 7.862 2.811 .317 .066 .057 3.008 6.260 98.970

2001 Total .................... 21.914 22.773 38.185 82.902 8.029 2.242 .311 .065 .070 2.622 5.311 96.316

2002 Total .................... 21.904 23.558 38.225 83.749 8.145 2.689 .328 .064 .105 2.701 5.888 97.853

2003 Total .................... 22.321 22.831 38.808 84.010 7.959 2.825 .331 .064 .115 2.807 6.141 98.131

2004 Total .................... 22.466 22.909 40.292 85.805 8.222 2.690 .341 .064 .142 3.010 6.247 100.313

2005 Total .................... 22.797 22.561 40.391 85.793 8.161 2.703 .343 .066 .178 3.117 6.406 100.445

2006 Total .................... 22.447 22.224 39.955 84.687 8.215 2.869 .343 .072 .264 3.277 6.824 99.790

2007 Total .................... 22.749 23.702 39.769 86.246 8.455 2.446 .349 .081 .341 3.503 6.719 101.527

2008 January ................ 2.025 2.801 3.295 8.126 .739 .205 .029 .008 .042 .327 .611 9.487

 February .............. 1.867 2.561 3.043 7.473 .681 .185 .027 .007 .038 .300 .557 8.721

 March ................... 1.801 2.327 3.222 7.358 .676 .214 .030 .008 .047 .314 .613 8.655

 April ..................... 1.667 1.865 3.108 6.649 .599 .219 .030 .008 .051 .313 .622 7.879

 May ...................... 1.754 1.613 3.209 6.578 .678 .268 .031 .008 .053 .320 .680 7.944

 June ..................... 1.919 1.639 3.083 6.650 .735 .288 .030 .008 .051 .312 .689 8.084

 July ...................... 2.092 1.748 3.164 7.010 .777 .252 .031 .009 .039 .330 .661 8.463

 August ................. 2.045 1.721 3.116 6.883 .759 .209 .031 .009 .032 .332 .613 8.270

 September ........... 1.836 1.492 2.784 6.115 .701 .159 .030 .008 .031 .320 .548 7.374

 October ................ 1.737 1.669 3.183 6.590 .657 .152 .031 .008 .047 .332 .570 7.822

 November ............ 1.741 1.904 2.979 6.626 .663 .154 .030 .008 .049 .325 .566 7.859

 December ............ 1.901 2.451 3.090 7.440 .762 .206 .031 .008 .065 .326 .636 8.845

 Total .................... 22.385 23.791 37.279 83.496 8.427 2.511 .360 .097 .546 3.852 7.366 99.402

2009 January ................ 1.911 R 2.769 R 3.060 R 7.738 .775 .235 .032 .009 .059 .311 .646 9.165

 February .............. 1.588 2.364 R 2.735 R 6.685 .671 .176 .029 .008 .056 .281 .550 R 7.915

 March ................... 1.541 2.207 R 3.008 6.755 .703 .214 .033 .009 .068 .314 .638 8.100

 April ..................... 1.424 1.781 R 2.898 R 6.100 .621 .250 .030 .009 .072 .305 .666 R 7.393

 May ...................... 1.489 1.540 R 2.913 R 5.941 .683 .290 .031 .010 .060 .320 .710 R 7.344

 June ..................... 1.659 1.568 R 2.917 R 6.143 .729 .287 .030 .009 .053 .319 .699 R 7.582

 July ...................... 1.766 1.693 R 2.978 R 6.436 .763 .226 .031 .010 .046 .342 .655 R 7.867

 August ................. 1.816 1.772 R 3.031 R 6.616 .755 .189 .031 .010 .052 .348 .630 R 8.017

 September ........... 1.562 1.603 R 2.880 R 6.044 .686 .170 .031 .009 .043 .327 .580 R 7.321

 October ................ 1.591 1.697 R 3.006 R 6.290 .606 .194 .031 .009 .062 .344 .640 R 7.548

 November ............ 1.557 1.811 R 2.899 6.267 .617 .206 .032 .009 .063 .341 .651 7.544

 December ............ 1.858 R 2.537 R 3.077 7.469 .739 .244 .033 .009 .062 .353 .701 8.920

 Total .................... 19.761 R 23.344 R 35.403 R 78.484 8.349 2.682 .373 .109 .697 3.905 7.766 R 94.716

2010 January ................ 1.907 2.903 R 2.960 R 7.766 .758 .217 .033 .009 .063 .346 .668 R 9.206

 February .............. 1.697 2.571 R 2.722 R 6.994 .682 .201 .029 .008 .050 .317 .606 R 8.294

 March ................... 1.633 2.209 R 3.045 R 6.889 .676 .203 .031 .009 .081 .354 .677 R 8.252

 April ..................... R 1.443 1.737 R 2.920 R 6.100 .602 .183 .030 .009 .094 .343 .658 R 7.370

 May ...................... R 1.614 R 1.657 R 3.002 R 6.275 .697 .244 .032 .010 .083 .352 .721 R 7.698

 June ..................... 1.837 1.684 2.978 6.500 .714 .289 .031 .010 .077 .353 .760 7.982

 6-Month Total ..... 10.131 12.761 17.625 40.523 4.129 1.337 .186 .054 .448 2.065 4.091 48.801

2009 6-Month Total ..... 9.612 12.230 17.531 39.362 4.182 1.452 .185 .054 .369 1.850 3.909 47.500

2008 6-Month Total ..... 11.033 12.806 18.961 42.833 4.109 1.378 .177 .048 .282 1.887 3.772 50.769

a Most data are estimates. See Tables 10.1-10.2c for notes on series

components and estimation.

b Natural gas only; excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 3,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. c Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil

burned as fuel. Does not include biofuels that have been blended with

petroleum—biofuels are included in "Biomass."

d Includes coal coke net imports. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. e Conventional hydroelectric power. f Includes coal coke net imports and electricity net imports, which are not

separately displayed. See Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. 

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. • Natural Gas: Tables 4.1 and A4.

• Petroleum: Table 3.6. • Nuclear Electric Power: Tables 7.2a and A6

("Nuclear Plants" heat rate). • Renewable Energy: Table 10.1. • Net Imports of

Coal Coke and Electricity: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.
Figure 1.4a Primary Energy Imports and Exports

(Quadrillion Btu)

Total Imports and Exports, 1973-2009 Total Imports and Exports, Monthly

Imports by Source, 1973-2009 Imports by Source, Monthly

Exports by Source, 1973-2009 Exports by Major Source, Monthly

a

Coal, coal coke, biofuels, and electricity. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

b

Includes coal coke. Sources: Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

8 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

2008 2009 2010

2008 2009 2010 

2008 2009 2010

Imports

Exports

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

1

2

3

4

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10

20

30

40

Exports

Imports

Other

a

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

8

16

24

32

J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J ASOND

0.0

0.8

1.6

2.4

3.2

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Other

a

Electricity

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Coalb

Petroleum

Natural Gas

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Coalb

Electricity

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3

4

5
Figure 1.4b Primary Energy Net Imports

(Quadrillion Btu, Except as noted)

 Total, 1973-2009 Total, Monthly

By Major Source, 1973-2009 By Major Source, Monthly 

By Major Source, June 2010 As Share of Consumption, January-June

a

Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic blending components. Does not include biofuels.

Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

b

Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline Sources: Tables 1.3, 1.4a, and 1.4b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 9

2008 2009 2010 

2008 2009 2010 

25.8 25.3

22.7

2008 2009 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Percent

a

-0.145

0.221

1.768

0.024

Coal Natural Crude Oil Petroleum

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0.0

-0.5

J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J ASOND

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-0.5

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Natural Gas

Crude Oila

Petroleum Productsb

Coal

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

-5

Coal

Petroleum

Productsb

Natural Gas

Crude Oila

Gas Productsb
10 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 1.4a Primary Energy Imports by Source

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Imports

Coal

Coal

Coke

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Biofuelsc Electricity Total

Crude

Oila

Petroleum

Productsb Total

1973 Total ...................... 0.003 0.027 1.060 6.887 6.578 13.466 NA 0.057 14.613

1975 Total ...................... .024 .045 .978 8.721 4.227 12.948 NA .038 14.032

1980 Total ...................... .030 .016 1.006 11.195 3.463 14.658 NA .085 15.796

1985 Total ...................... .049 .014 .952 6.814 3.796 10.609 NA .157 11.781

1990 Total ...................... .067 .019 1.551 12.766 4.351 17.117 NA .063 18.817

1995 Total ...................... .237 .095 2.901 15.669 3.211 18.881 .001 .146 22.260

1996 Total ...................... .203 .063 3.002 16.341 3.943 20.284 .001 .148 23.702

1997 Total ...................... .187 .078 3.063 17.876 3.864 21.740 (s) .147 25.215

1998 Total ...................... .218 .095 3.225 18.916 3.992 22.908 (s) .135 26.581

1999 Total ...................... .227 .080 3.664 18.935 4.198 23.133 (s) .147 27.252

2000 Total ...................... .313 .094 3.869 19.783 4.749 24.531 (s) .166 28.973

2001 Total ...................... .495 .063 4.068 20.348 5.050 25.398 .002 .131 30.157

2002 Total ...................... .422 .080 4.104 19.920 4.753 24.673 .002 .125 29.407

2003 Total ...................... .626 .068 4.042 21.060 5.158 26.218 .002 .104 31.061

2004 Total ...................... .682 .170 4.365 22.082 6.114 28.196 .013 .117 33.543

2005 Total ...................... .762 .088 4.450 22.091 7.156 29.247 .013 .152 34.710

2006 Total ...................... .906 .101 4.291 22.085 7.077 29.162 .068 .146 34.673

2007 Total ...................... .909 .061 4.723 21.914 6.849 28.762 .055 .175 34.685

2008 January .................. .060 .007 .398 1.872 .587 2.459 .005 .017 2.946

 February ................ .065 .006 .357 1.674 .474 2.148 .006 .016 2.599

 March ..................... .066 .009 .375 1.789 .500 2.290 .003 .016 2.758

 April ....................... .075 .011 .329 1.793 .542 2.335 .009 .014 2.773

 May ........................ .068 .007 .303 1.795 .544 2.338 .006 .018 2.740

 June ....................... .082 .013 .293 1.800 .547 2.347 .008 .021 2.765

 July ........................ .064 .010 .330 1.881 .500 2.382 .008 .021 2.814

 August ................... .079 .009 .336 1.917 .463 2.380 .012 .020 2.835

 September ............. .069 .006 .321 1.518 .498 2.016 .014 .017 2.442

 October .................. .073 .008 .331 1.873 .523 2.396 .006 .012 2.826

 November .............. .075 .005 .330 1.787 .478 2.265 .004 .011 2.691

 December .............. .080 (s) .377 1.749 .538 2.287 .004 .012 2.759

 Total ...................... .855 .089 4.080 21.448 6.195 27.644 .085 .195 32.948

2009 January .................. .058 .001 .366 1.815 .571 R 2.386 .003 .015 R 2.828

 February ................ .046 (s) .330 R 1.521 R .466 1.988 .001 .013 R 2.378

 March ..................... .054 (s) .333 1.741 R .523 R 2.264 .002 .010 R 2.664

 April ....................... .033 (s) .330 1.684 .428 R 2.112 .001 .011 R 2.487

 May ........................ .057 .001 .272 1.633 R .456 R 2.089 .002 .014 R 2.436

 June ....................... .046 .001 .289 1.641 .461 R 2.102 .003 .016 R 2.457

 July ........................ .050 .001 .325 1.688 .465 R 2.153 .004 .019 2.552

 August ................... .039 (s) .345 1.636 R .401 2.038 .004 .020 R 2.446

 September ............. .046 .001 .315 R 1.662 .413 R 2.075 .002 .015 R 2.454

 October .................. .044 (s) .280 1.590 R .394 R 1.984 .002 .016 R 2.326

 November .............. .038 .001 .302 1.570 R .390 R 1.960 .002 .013 R 2.316

 December .............. .054 .002 .358 1.517 .404 1.921 .001 .016 R 2.352

 Total ...................... .566 .009 3.845 R 19.699 R 5.374 R 25.072 .027 .179 R 29.698

2010 January .................. .042 .001 .394 R 1.569 .476 R 2.045 (s) .018 2.501

 February ................ .031 .005 .332 R 1.455 .382 1.837 (s) .015 R 2.220

 March ..................... .047 .003 .326 1.725 .393 2.118 (s) .015 2.510

 April ....................... .045 .001 .302 1.750 R .458 R 2.208 (s) .013 2.571

 May ........................ .037 .005 R .306 1.786 .424 R 2.210 .001 .010 R 2.569

 June ....................... .044 .005 E .303 1.773 .408 2.182 (s) .014 2.549

 6-Month Total ....... .247 .020 E 1.964 10.059 2.541 12.600 .002 .086 14.918

2009 6-Month Total ....... .294 .004 1.920 10.035 2.906 12.941 .013 .080 15.251

2008 6-Month Total ....... .416 .052 2.056 10.723 3.195 13.918 .038 .102 16.581

a Crude oil and lease condensate. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum

Reserve, which began in 1977.

b Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending

components. Does not include biofuels.

c Fuel ethanol (including denaturant) and biodiesel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. • Coal Coke: 1973-1975—U.S.

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coke and Coal

Chemicals" chapter. 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Energy Data Report, "Coke and Coal Chemicals," annual reports. 1981

forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report, quarterly reports. • Natural Gas: Tables

4.1 and A4. • Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Tables 3.3b, 10.3, 10.4, and

A2. • Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. • Electricity: Tables 7.1 and A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 11

Table 1.4b Primary Energy Exports by Source and Total Net Imports

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Exports Net

Importsa

Coal

Coal

Coke

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Biofuelsd Electricity Total Total

Crude

Oilb PetroleumProductsc Total

1973 Total ...................... 1.425 0.035 0.079 0.004 0.482 0.486 NA 0.009 2.033 12.580

1975 Total ...................... 1.761 .032 .074 .012 .427 .439 NA .017 2.323 11.709

1980 Total ...................... 2.421 .051 .049 .609 .551 1.160 NA .014 3.695 12.101

1985 Total ...................... 2.438 .028 .056 .432 1.225 1.657 NA .017 4.196 7.584

1990 Total ...................... 2.772 .014 .087 .230 1.594 1.824 NA .055 4.752 14.065

1995 Total ...................... 2.318 .034 .156 .200 1.791 1.991 NA .012 4.511 17.750

1996 Total ...................... 2.368 .040 .155 .233 1.825 2.059 NA .011 4.633 19.069

1997 Total ...................... 2.193 .031 .159 .228 1.872 2.100 NA .031 4.514 20.701

1998 Total ...................... 2.092 .028 .161 .233 1.740 1.972 NA .047 4.299 22.281

1999 Total ...................... 1.525 .022 .164 .250 1.705 1.955 NA .049 3.715 23.537

2000 Total ...................... 1.528 .028 .245 .106 2.048 2.154 NA .051 4.006 24.967

2001 Total ...................... 1.265 .033 .377 .043 1.996 2.038 (s) .056 3.770 26.386

2002 Total ...................... 1.032 .020 .520 .019 2.023 2.042 (s) .054 3.668 25.739

2003 Total ...................... 1.117 .018 .686 .026 2.124 2.150 .001 .082 4.054 27.007

2004 Total ...................... 1.253 .033 .862 .057 2.150 2.207 .001 .078 4.433 29.110

2005 Total ...................... 1.273 .043 .735 .067 2.373 2.441 .001 .068 4.561 30.149

2006 Total ...................... 1.264 .040 .730 .052 2.694 2.747 .004 .083 4.868 29.805

2007 Total ...................... 1.507 .036 .830 .058 2.914 2.972 .035 .069 5.448 29.238

2008 January .................. .125 .003 .110 .002 .281 .283 .006 .006 .533 2.412

 February ................ .107 .004 .100 .003 .298 .301 .007 .005 .525 2.073

 March ..................... .170 .001 .101 .005 .311 .317 .006 .009 .604 2.154

 April ....................... .203 .004 .075 .002 .290 .292 .009 .005 .586 2.187

 May ........................ .213 .004 .070 .003 .310 .313 .007 .010 .618 2.123

 June ....................... .170 .004 .062 .004 .358 .362 .009 .011 .619 2.146

 July ........................ .163 .005 .064 .005 .354 .359 .008 .006 .603 2.211

 August ................... .134 .008 .068 .007 .351 .358 .009 .005 .581 2.254

 September ............. .220 .004 .056 .007 .214 .221 .008 .006 .514 1.928

 October .................. .209 .007 .067 .008 .281 .289 .007 .007 .586 2.240

 November .............. .189 .004 .091 .005 .286 .291 .006 .007 .589 2.102

 December .............. .169 .003 .107 .008 .319 .327 .004 .005 .615 2.144

 Total ...................... 2.071 .049 .972 .061 3.653 3.713 .086 .082 6.973 25.975

2009 January .................. .126 .003 .114 .007 .329 .336 .006 .008 .592 R 2.236

 February ................ .098 .001 .104 .005 .279 .284 .006 .005 .499 R 1.879

 March ..................... .118 .002 .105 .005 .320 .326 .001 .006 .557 R 2.106

 April ....................... .090 .003 .081 .005 .322 .326 .001 .005 .506 R 1.981

 May ........................ .091 .002 .078 .009 .347 .356 .002 .005 .534 R 1.902

 June ....................... .151 .002 .067 .010 .326 .336 .002 .006 .564 R 1.894

 July ........................ .115 .003 .077 .006 .409 R .415 .003 .005 .617 1.935

 August ................... .130 .003 .079 .006 .368 .375 .002 .005 .594 R 1.852

 September ............. .144 .003 .085 .007 .354 .361 .001 .005 .598 R 1.856

 October .................. .163 .004 .079 .013 .380 .393 .002 .005 .646 1.681

 November .............. .143 .002 .098 .008 .337 .345 .004 .004 .597 1.720

 December .............. .146 .004 .116 .012 .341 .353 .002 .005 .627 R 1.725

 Total ...................... 1.515 .032 1.082 .093 R 4.113 R 4.206 .034 .062 R 6.931 R 22.767

2010 January .................. .150 .006 .094 .006 R .328 .333 .002 .004 .589 R 1.912

 February ................ .138 .001 .088 .009 .313 .323 .001 .004 .554 R 1.666

 March ..................... .168 (s) .100 .008 .365 .373 .002 .005 .647 R 1.862

 April ....................... .189 .001 .076 .006 .404 .410 .001 .004 .681 R 1.890

 May ........................ .185 .003 .082 .007 R .414 .420 .001 .006 .697 R 1.871

 June ....................... .189 .004 E .082 .005 .384 .390 .002 .005 .672 1.876

 6-Month Total ....... 1.019 .015 E .522 .042 2.207 2.248 .009 .028 3.841 11.078

2009 6-Month Total ....... .674 .013 .548 .041 1.923 1.964 .019 .034 3.252 11.999

2008 6-Month Total ....... .987 .019 .519 .020 1.848 1.868 .045 .046 3.485 13.096

a Net imports equal imports minus exports. b Crude oil and lease condensate. c Petroleum products, unfinished oils, pentanes plus, and gasoline blending

components. Does not include biofuels.

d Biodiesel only.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See "Primary Energy" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50

States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Coal: Tables 6.1 and A5. • Coal Coke: 1973-1975—U.S.

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coke and

Coal Chemicals" chapter. 1976-1980—U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Energy Data Report, "Coke and Coal Chemicals," annual reports. 1981

forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report, quarterly reports. • Natural Gas: 

Tables 4.1 and A4. • Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Tables 3.3b, 10.4,

and A2. • Biofuels: Tables 10.3 and 10.4. • Electricity: Tables 7.1 and

A6.
Figure 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value

(Billion Dollarsa

)

Imports and Exports, 1974-2009 Imports and Exports, Monthly

Trade Balance, 1974-2009 Trade Balance, Monthly

a

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

Source: Table 1.5.

12 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Energy

 Exports

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

50

100

150

200

250

2008 2009 2010

Total Imports

Total Exports

Energy Imports

Total Imports

Total Exports

Energy

 Imports

Energy Exports

2008 2009 2010

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

-900

Non-

 Energy

Energy

Total

Energy

NonEnergy

Total
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 13

Table 1.5 Merchandise Trade Value

 (Million Dollarsa)

Petroleumb Energyc NonEnergy

Balance

Total Merchandise

Exports Imports Balance Exports Imports Balance Exports Imports Balance

1974 Total .................... 792 24,668 -23,876 3,444 25,454 -22,010 18,126 99,437 103,321 -3,884

1975 Total .................... 907 25,197 -24,289 4,470 26,476 -22,006 31,557 108,856 99,305 9,551

1980 Total .................... 2,833 78,637 -75,803 7,982 82,924 -74,942 55,246 225,566 245,262 -19,696

1985 Total .................... 4,707 50,475 -45,768 9,971 53,917 -43,946 -73,765 218,815 336,526 -117,712

1990 Total .................... 6,901 61,583 -54,682 12,233 64,661 -52,428 -50,068 393,592 496,088 -102,496

1995 Total .................... 6,321 54,368 -48,047 10,358 59,109 -48,751 -110,050 584,742 743,543 -158,801

1996 Total .................... 7,984 72,022 -64,038 12,181 78,086 -65,905 -104,309 625,075 795,289 -170,214

1997 Total .................... 8,592 71,152 -62,560 12,682 78,277 -65,595 -114,927 689,182 869,704 -180,522

1998 Total .................... 6,574 50,264 -43,690 10,251 57,323 -47,072 -182,686 682,138 911,896 -229,758

1999 Total .................... 7,118 67,173 -60,055 9,880 75,803 -65,923 -262,898 695,797 1,024,618 -328,821

2000 Total .................... 10,192 119,251 -109,059 13,179 135,367 -122,188 -313,916 781,918 1,218,022 -436,104

2001 Total .................... 8,868 102,747 -93,879 12,494 121,923 -109,429 -302,470 729,100 1,140,999 -411,899

2002 Total .................... 8,569 102,663 -94,094 11,541 115,748 -104,207 -364,056 693,103 1,161,366 -468,263

2003 Total .................... 10,209 132,433 -122,224 13,768 153,298 -139,530 -392,820 724,771 1,257,121 -532,350

2004 Total .................... 13,130 179,266 -166,136 18,642 206,660 -188,018 -462,912 818,775 1,469,704 -650,930

2005 Total .................... 19,155 250,068 -230,913 26,488 289,723 -263,235 -504,242 905,978 1,673,455 -767,477

2006 Total .................... 28,171 299,714 -271,543 34,711 332,500 -297,789 -519,515 1,036,635 1,853,938 -817,304

2007 Total .................... 33,293 327,620 -294,327 41,725 364,987 -323,262 -485,501 1,148,199 1,956,962 -808,763

2008 January ................ 4,061 36,617 -32,556 5,049 40,206 -35,157 -34,516 98,677 168,350 -69,673

 February .............. 4,683 31,609 -26,926 5,508 35,033 -29,525 -30,805 104,740 165,070 -60,330

 March ................... 4,477 33,769 -29,292 5,755 37,875 -32,120 -28,142 110,932 171,194 -60,262

 April ..................... 4,473 39,481 -35,008 5,899 43,440 -37,541 -34,717 109,857 182,115 -72,258

 May ...................... 5,420 41,344 -35,924 6,861 45,266 -38,405 -31,924 112,627 182,956 -70,329

 June ..................... 7,365 47,392 -40,027 8,694 51,594 -42,900 -30,430 116,787 190,117 -73,330

 July ...................... 7,760 53,966 -46,206 8,948 58,841 -49,893 -38,199 114,522 202,614 -88,092

 August ................. 7,650 47,473 -39,823 8,791 51,150 -42,359 -31,098 116,418 189,875 -73,457

 September ........... 3,916 36,768 -32,852 5,217 39,701 -34,484 -39,633 106,072 180,189 -74,117

 October ................ 4,597 38,270 -33,673 5,876 41,064 -35,188 -39,456 111,239 185,882 -74,644

 November ............ 3,858 22,661 -18,803 5,084 25,019 -19,935 -30,495 97,085 147,515 -50,430

 December ............ 3,439 20,494 -17,055 4,394 22,697 -18,303 -30,974 88,486 137,763 -49,277

 Total .................... 61,695 449,847 -388,152 76,075 491,885 -415,810 -400,389 1,287,442 2,103,641 -816,199

2009 January ................ 3,029 16,924 -13,895 4,037 19,559 -15,522 -28,742 78,151 122,415 -44,264

 February .............. 2,549 14,006 -11,457 3,589 16,120 -12,531 -16,132 80,349 109,012 -28,663

 March ................... 2,878 16,658 -13,780 3,835 18,398 -14,563 -18,948 87,848 121,359 -33,511

 April ..................... 2,988 17,884 -14,896 3,664 19,275 -15,611 -22,462 80,822 118,896 -38,073

 May ...................... 3,596 18,179 -14,583 4,227 19,484 -15,257 -17,433 83,651 116,341 -32,690

 June ..................... 3,625 23,119 -19,494 4,459 24,467 -20,008 -20,336 86,830 127,173 -40,344

 July ...................... 4,390 24,295 -19,905 5,077 25,754 -20,677 -29,384 85,635 135,696 -50,061

 August ................. 4,234 23,026 -18,792 4,947 24,312 -19,365 -24,591 87,315 131,272 -43,956

 September ........... 4,329 25,259 -20,930 5,152 26,546 -21,394 -28,152 91,458 141,004 -49,546

 October ................ 4,359 22,826 -18,467 5,230 24,255 -19,025 -27,996 100,005 147,027 -47,021

 November ............ 4,140 23,393 -19,253 4,994 25,047 -20,053 -28,665 94,607 143,324 -48,718

 December ............ 4,391 26,264 -21,873 5,326 28,521 -23,195 -23,539 99,372 146,106 -46,734

 Total .................... 44,509 251,833 -207,324 54,536 271,739 -217,203 -286,379 1,056,043 1,559,625 -503,582

2010 January ................ 4,093 25,255 -21,162 5,185 27,504 -22,319 -21,052 92,716 136,087 -43,371

 February .............. 3,953 23,685 -19,732 4,995 25,984 -20,989 -19,428 93,691 134,108 -40,417

 March ................... 5,357 28,630 -23,273 6,567 30,705 -24,138 -22,834 110,454 157,426 -46,972

 April ..................... 5,703 29,943 -24,240 6,903 31,737 -24,834 -25,811 102,436 153,082 -50,645

 May ...................... 5,580 28,558 -22,978 6,832 30,098 -23,266 -27,118 105,492 155,877 -50,384

 June ..................... 4,831 28,926 -24,095 6,080 30,600 -24,520 R -37,265 R 107,043 R 168,828 R -61,785

 July ...................... 5,469 29,464 -23,995 6,612 31,175 -24,563 -35,573 104,026 164,162 -60,136

 7-Month Total ..... 34,986 194,461 -159,475 43,174 207,801 -164,629 -189,081 715,859 1,069,569 -353,710

2009 7-Month Total ..... 23,055 131,065 -108,010 28,887 143,057 -114,169 -153,437 583,286 850,892 -267,606

2008 7-Month Total ..... 38,239 284,178 -245,939 46,714 312,255 -265,541 -228,733 768,142 1,262,417 -494,275

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. b Crude oil, petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and other

mineral fuels.

c Petroleum, coal, natural gas, and electricity.

R=Revised. 

Notes: • Monthly data are not adjusted for seasonal variations. • See Note,

"Merchandise Trade Value," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • The U.S. import statistics reflect both

government and nongovernment imports of merchandise from foreign countries into

the U.S. customs territory, which comprises the 50 States, the District of Columbia,

Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for all available

data beginning in 1974.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars

Costs, 1973-2009 Costs, June 2010

Residential Electricity,a

 Monthly Motor Gasoline,a Monthly

Residential Heating Oil,b

 Monthly Residential Natural Gas,a Monthly

14 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Residential

Heating Oilb

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

Dollars per Million Btu

16.03

10.28

8.70

6.36

Residential Motor Residential Residential

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

Dollars per Million Btu

Residential

Electricitya

Motor Gasolinea

Residential

Natural Gasa

Gasolinea Heating

Oilb

Natural

Gasa

Electricitya

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

Cents per Kilowatthour

2010

2008 2009

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Cents per Gallon

2010

2008

2009

2010

2008

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

50

100

150

200

Cents per Gallon

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

10

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

2008

2009

2010

2009

a

Includes taxes.

b

Excludes taxes.

Note: See “Real Dollars” in Glossary. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

Source: Table 1.6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 15

Table 1.6 Cost of Fuels to End Users in Real (1982-1984) Dollars

Consumer Price Index,

All Urban Consumersa Motor Gasolineb

Residential

Heating Oilc

Residential

Natural Gasb

Residential

Electricityb

Index

1982-1984=100

Cents per

Gallon

Dollars per

Million Btu

Cents per

Gallon

Dollars per

Million Btu

Cents per

Thousand

Cubic Feet

Dollars per

Million Btu

Cents per

Kilowatthour

Dollars per

Million Btu

1973 Average .................. 44.4 NA NA NA NA 290.5 2.85 5.6 16.50

1975 Average .................. 53.8 NA NA NA NA 317.8 3.12 6.5 19.07

1980 Average .................. 82.4 148.2 11.85 118.2 8.52 446.6 4.36 6.6 19.21

1985 Average .................. 107.6 111.2 8.89 97.9 7.06 568.8 5.52 6.87 20.13

1990 Average .................. 130.7 93.1 7.44 81.3 5.86 443.8 4.31 5.99 17.56

1995 Average .................. 152.4 79.1 6.37 56.9 4.10 397.6 3.87 5.51 16.15

1996 Average .................. 156.9 82.1 6.61 63.0 4.54 404.3 3.94 5.33 15.62

1997 Average .................. 160.5 80.4 6.48 61.3 4.42 432.4 4.21 5.25 15.39

1998 Average .................. 163.0 68.4 5.51 52.3 3.77 418.4 4.05 5.07 14.85

1999 Average .................. 166.6 73.3 5.91 52.6 3.79 401.6 3.91 4.90 14.36

2000 Average .................. 172.2 90.8 7.32 76.1 5.49 450.6 4.39 4.79 14.02

2001 Average .................. 177.1 86.4 6.97 70.6 5.09 543.8 5.28 4.84 14.20

2002 Average .................. 179.9 80.1 6.46 62.8 4.52 438.6 4.26 4.69 13.75

2003 Average .................. 184.0 89.0 7.18 73.6 5.31 523.4 5.09 4.74 13.89

2004 Average .................. 188.9 101.8 8.20 81.9 5.91 569.1 5.55 4.74 13.89

2005 Average .................. 195.3 119.7 9.64 105.1 7.58 650.3 6.33 4.84 14.18

2006 Average .................. 201.6 130.7 10.52 117.3 8.46 681.1 6.63 5.16 15.12

2007 Average .................. 207.342 137.4 11.06 125.0 9.01 630.8 6.12 5.14 15.05

2008 January .................... 211.080 146.7 11.81 148.7 10.72 579.9 5.65 4.81 14.09

 February .................. 211.693 145.6 11.72 150.3 10.83 594.3 5.79 4.81 14.11

 March ....................... 213.528 154.9 12.47 162.7 11.73 614.9 5.99 4.90 14.37

 April ......................... 214.823 162.5 13.08 168.8 12.17 674.5 6.57 5.08 14.90

 May .......................... 216.632 176.0 14.17 181.0 13.05 752.9 7.33 5.26 15.41

 June ......................... 218.815 188.1 15.14 192.1 13.85 860.1 8.37 5.37 15.74

 July .......................... 219.964 188.3 15.16 195.3 14.08 940.2 9.15 5.48 16.06

 August ..................... 219.086 175.2 14.10 176.5 12.72 916.5 8.92 5.50 16.13

 September ............... 218.783 171.4 13.79 167.6 12.09 839.2 8.17 5.44 15.94

 October .................... 216.573 148.9 11.99 146.3 10.55 715.2 6.96 5.45 15.98

 November ................ 212.425 103.9 8.37 130.8 9.43 650.6 6.33 5.38 15.77

 December ................ 210.228 82.9 6.67 116.5 8.40 610.8 5.95 5.18 15.20

 Average .................. 215.303 154.1 12.40 149.5 10.78 645.1 6.28 5.23 15.33

2009 January .................... 211.143 87.1 7.01 114.9 8.28 586.8 5.71 5.21 15.25

 February .................. 212.193 93.3 7.51 108.8 7.85 572.6 5.58 5.27 15.44

 March ....................... 212.709 94.0 7.57 103.9 7.49 556.2 5.42 5.33 15.61

 April ......................... 213.240 98.8 7.95 103.7 7.48 542.1 5.28 5.42 15.87

 May .......................... 213.856 108.2 8.71 101.3 7.31 584.5 5.69 5.52 16.17

 June ......................... 215.693 124.3 10.00 107.0 7.71 641.2 6.24 5.49 16.10

 July .......................... 215.351 120.5 9.70 103.0 7.43 688.6 6.71 5.53 16.20

 August ..................... 215.834 124.0 9.98 109.8 7.91 701.5 6.83 5.56 16.29

 September ............... 215.969 121.6 9.79 108.1 7.79 664.0 6.47 5.56 16.28

 October .................... 216.177 120.9 9.73 113.7 8.20 537.5 5.23 5.41 15.86

 November ................ 216.330 125.2 10.08 120.6 8.69 520.0 5.06 5.24 15.35

 December ................ 215.949 123.7 9.96 121.7 8.77 477.4 4.65 5.06 14.83

 Average .................. 214.537 111.9 9.01 111.2 8.02 557.9 5.43 5.38 15.78

2010 January .................... 216.687 128.2 10.32 127.5 9.19 483.6 4.71 4.86 14.26

 February .................. 216.741 125.0 10.06 122.6 8.84 488.1 4.75 5.04 14.78

 March ....................... 217.631 130.0 10.46 126.7 9.13 499.0 4.86 5.15 15.08

 April ......................... 218.009 133.3 10.73 127.8 9.22 540.3 5.26 5.39 15.80

 May .......................... 218.178 133.6 10.75 R 124.8 R 9.00 583.5 5.68 5.48 16.07

 June ......................... 217.965 127.7 10.28 R 120.6 R 8.70 R 653.3 R 6.36 R 5.47 R 16.03

 July .......................... 218.011 127.7 10.27 RE 118.7 RE 8.56 NA NA NA NA

 August ..................... 218.312 128.0 10.31 NA NA NA NA NA NA

a Data are U.S. city averages for all items, and are not seasonally adjusted. b Includes taxes. c Excludes taxes.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • See "Real Dollars" in Glossary. • Fuel costs are calculated by

using the Urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) developed by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics. • Annual averages may not equal average of months due to

independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the

District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Fuel Prices: Tables 9.4 (All Types), 9.8c, 9.9, and 9.11,

adjusted by the CPI. • Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers: U.S.

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, series ID CUUR0000SA0.

• Conversion Factors: Tables A1, A3, A4, and A6.
Figure 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 1973-2009

(Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar)

Note: See “Real Dollars” in Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

Source: Table 1.7.

16 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 1.7 Primary Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of Gross Domestic Product

Energy Consumption Gross

Domestic

Product

(GDP)

Energy Consumption per Real Dollar of GDP

Petroleum and

Natural Gas

Other

Energya Total

Petroleum and

Natural Gas

Other

Energya Total

Quadrillion Btu

Billion Chained

(2005) Dollars Thousand Btu per Chained (2005) Dollar

1973 Year ..................... 57.352 18.356 75.708 4,917.0 11.66 3.73 15.40

1974 Year ..................... 55.187 18.804 73.991 4,889.9 11.29 3.85 15.13

1975 Year ..................... 52.678 19.321 71.999 4,879.5 10.80 3.96 14.76

1976 Year ..................... 55.520 20.492 76.012 5,141.3 10.80 3.99 14.78

1977 Year ..................... 57.053 20.947 78.000 5,377.7 10.61 3.90 14.50

1978 Year ..................... 57.966 22.021 79.986 5,677.6 10.21 3.88 14.09

1979 Year ..................... 57.789 23.114 80.903 5,855.0 9.87 3.95 13.82

1980 Year ..................... 54.438 23.684 78.122 5,839.0 9.32 4.06 13.38

1981 Year ..................... 51.678 24.490 76.168 5,987.2 8.63 4.09 12.72

1982 Year ..................... 48.588 24.565 73.153 5,870.9 8.28 4.18 12.46

1983 Year ..................... 47.275 25.763 73.038 6,136.2 7.70 4.20 11.90

1984 Year ..................... 49.445 27.269 76.714 6,577.1 7.52 4.15 11.66

1985 Year ..................... 48.626 27.865 76.491 6,849.3 7.10 4.07 11.17

1986 Year ..................... 48.787 27.969 76.756 7,086.5 6.88 3.95 10.83

1987 Year ..................... 50.505 28.668 79.173 7,313.3 6.91 3.92 10.83

1988 Year ..................... 52.670 30.149 82.819 7,613.9 6.92 3.96 10.88

1989 Year ..................... 53.813 31.131 84.944 7,885.9 6.82 3.95 10.77

1990 Year ..................... 53.156 31.496 84.651 8,033.9 6.62 3.92 10.54

1991 Year ..................... 52.878 31.728 84.606 8,015.1 6.60 3.96 10.56

1992 Year ..................... 54.240 31.715 85.955 8,287.1 6.55 3.83 10.37

1993 Year ..................... 54.973 32.629 87.601 8,523.4 6.45 3.83 10.28

1994 Year ..................... 56.289 32.968 89.257 8,870.7 6.35 3.72 10.06

1995 Year ..................... 57.107 34.062 91.169 9,093.7 6.28 3.75 10.03

1996 Year ..................... 58.757 35.415 94.172 9,433.9 6.23 3.75 9.98

1997 Year ..................... 59.382 35.380 94.761 9,854.3 6.03 3.59 9.62

1998 Year ..................... 59.646 35.532 95.178 10,283.5 5.80 3.46 9.26

1999 Year ..................... 60.746 36.066 96.812 10,779.8 5.64 3.35 8.98

2000 Year ..................... 62.088 36.882 98.970 11,226.0 5.53 3.29 8.82

2001 Year ..................... 60.958 35.358 96.316 11,347.2 5.37 3.12 8.49

2002 Year ..................... 61.784 36.070 97.853 11,553.0 5.35 3.12 8.47

2003 Year ..................... 61.638 36.493 98.131 11,840.7 5.21 3.08 8.29

2004 Year ..................... 63.201 37.112 100.313 12,263.8 5.15 3.03 8.18

2005 Year ..................... 62.952 37.492 100.445 12,638.4 4.98 2.97 7.95

2006 Year ..................... 62.179 37.611 99.790 12,976.2 4.79 2.90 7.69

2007 Year ..................... 63.471 38.056 101.527 13,228.9 4.80 2.88 7.67

2008 Year ..................... 61.070 38.332 99.402 13,228.8 4.62 2.90 7.51

2009 Year ..................... R 58.747 35.970 R 94.716 12,880.6 4.56 2.79 7.35

a Coal, coal coke net imports, nuclear electric power, renewable energy,

and electricity net imports. 

R=Revised. 

Notes: • See "Primary Energy Consumption" and "Real Dollars" in

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of

Columbia.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

Sources: • Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. • Gross Domestic

Product: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,

National Income and Product Accounts (August 27, 2010), Table 1.1.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

Total

Petroleum and Natural Gas

Other Energy
Figure 1.8 Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy, 1973-2008

(Miles per Gallon)

a

Motorcycles are included through 1989.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

Source: Table 1.8.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 17

Table 1.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy

Passenger Carsa

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and Sport Utility Vehiclesb Heavy-Duty Trucksc All Motor Vehiclesd

Mileage

(miles

per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Economy

(miles per

gallon)

Mileage

(miles

per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Economy

(miles per

gallon)

Mileage

(miles

per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Economy

(miles per

gallon)

Mileage

(miles

per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Economy

(miles per

gallon)

1973 9,884 737 13.4 9,779 931 10.5 15,370 2,775 5.5 10,099 850 11.9

1974 9,221 677 13.6 9,452 862 11.0 14,995 2,708 5.5 9,493 788 12.0

1975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,627 790 12.2

1976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,774 806 12.1

1977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,978 814 12.3

1978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,077 816 12.4

1979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,722 776 12.5

1980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,458 712 13.3

1981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,477 697 13.6

1982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,644 686 14.1

1983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,760 686 14.2

1984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,017 691 14.5

1985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,020 685 14.6

1986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,143 692 14.7

1987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,453 694 15.1

1988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,721 688 15.6

1989 a10,157 a533 a19.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,932 688 15.9

1990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,107 677 16.4

1991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,294 669 16.9

1992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,558 683 16.9

1993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,595 693 16.7

1994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,683 698 16.7

1995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,793 700 16.8

1996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,813 700 16.9

1997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,107 711 17.0

1998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,211 721 16.9

1999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,206 732 16.7

2000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,164 720 16.9

2001 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,887 695 17.1

2002 12,202 555 22.0 11,364 650 17.5 27,071 4,642 5.8 12,171 719 16.9

2003 12,325 556 22.2 11,287 697 16.2 28,093 4,215 6.7 12,208 718 17.0

2004 12,460 553 22.5 11,184 690 16.2 27,023 4,057 6.7 12,200 714 17.1

2005 12,510 567 22.1 10,920 617 17.7 26,235 4,385 6.0 12,082 706 17.1

2006 12,485 554 22.5 10,920 612 17.8 25,231 4,304 5.9 12,017 698 17.2

2007 12,304 547 22.5 10,962 609 18.0 25,152 4,275 5.9 11,920 693 17.2

2008P 11,788 522 22.6 10,951 605 18.1 25,254 4,075 6.2 11,619 667 17.4

a Through 1989, includes motorcycles. b Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. c Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. d Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not shown separately.

P=Preliminary. 

Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html.

Sources: • Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department of Transportation,

Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table

4-13. • All Other Data: • 1973-1994—Federal Highway Administration (FHWA),

Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table VM-201A. • 1995 forward—FHWA,

Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

Passenger Carsa

Vans, Pickup Trucks, and

Sport Utility Vehicles

Heavy-Duty Trucks
18 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

Census Divisions

August

Cumulative

July through August

Normala 2009 2010

Percent Change

Normala 2009 2010

Percent Change

Normal

to 2010

2009

to 2010

Normal

to 2010

2009

to 2010

New England

Connecticut, Maine,

Massachusetts,

New Hampshire,

Rhode Island, Vermont ............. 26 29 19 NM NM 37 66 28 NM NM

Middle Atlantic

New Jersey, New York,

Pennsylvania ............................ 16 5 4 NM NM 22 18 7 NM NM

East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Ohio,

Wisconsin ................................. 26 43 7 NM NM 35 86 13 NM NM

West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri,

Nebraska, North Dakota,

South Dakota ............................ 29 49 9 NM NM 44 81 12 NM NM

South Atlantic

Delaware, Florida,

Georgia, Maryland and

the District of Columbia,

North Carolina,

South Carolina, Virginia,

West Virginia ............................ 1 0 0 NM NM 1 0 0 NM NM

East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,

Mississippi, Tennessee ............ 1 2 0 NM NM 1 6 0 NM NM

West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Texas ..................... 0 1 0 NM NM 0 1 0 NM NM

Mountain

Arizona, Colorado,

Idaho, Montana,

Nevada, New Mexico,

Utah, Wyoming ......................... 30 18 11 NM NM 49 26 20 NM NM

Pacificb

California, Oregon,

Washington ............................... 22 12 20 NM NM 46 20 36 NM NM

U.S. Averageb ................................ 15 16 7 NM NM 24 30 12 NM NM

a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

NM=Not meaningful (because "Normal" is less than 100 or ratio is

incalculable). 

Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature

used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Heating

degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature

falls below 65° F. Cooling degree-days are the number of degrees that the

daily average temperature rises above 65° F. The daily average temperature

is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period. 

For example, a weather station recording an average daily temperature of 40°

F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling

degree-days). If a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of

78° F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating degree

days).

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for current

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html for historical data.

Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published

here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,

Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries

and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major

weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded

at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages

based on population. The State figures are then aggregated into Census

Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently

used represent resident State population data estimated for the 2000 Census

by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data

provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-1

(heating degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,

Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 19

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

Census Divisions

August

Cumulative

January through August

Normala 2009 2010

Percent Change

Normala 2009 2010

Percent Change

Normal

to 2010

2009

to 2010

Normal

to 2010

2009

to 2010

New England

Connecticut, Maine,

Massachusetts,

New Hampshire,

Rhode Island, Vermont ............. 146 200 175 20 -13 395 351 621 57 77

Middle Atlantic

New Jersey, New York,

Pennsylvania ............................ 205 248 258 26 4 592 549 897 52 63

East North Central

Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Ohio,

Wisconsin ................................. 197 162 293 49 81 641 472 898 40 90

West North Central

Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri,

Nebraska, North Dakota,

South Dakota ............................ 255 189 343 35 81 828 631 999 21 58

South Atlantic

Delaware, Florida,

Georgia, Maryland and

the District of Columbia,

North Carolina,

South Carolina, Virginia,

West Virginia ............................ 393 435 476 21 9 1,497 1,585 1,823 22 15

East South Central

Alabama, Kentucky,

Mississippi, Tennessee ............ 376 354 502 34 42 1,276 1,275 1,684 32 32

West South Central

Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Texas ..................... 527 551 628 19 14 1,929 2,135 2,156 12 1

Mountain

Arizona, Colorado,

Idaho, Montana,

Nevada, New Mexico,

Utah, Wyoming ......................... 302 327 330 9 1 1,017 1,087 1,036 2 -5

Pacificb

California, Oregon,

Washington ............................... 193 240 191 -1 -20 538 668 475 -12 -29

U.S. Averageb ................................ 290 306 356 23 16 986 1,000 1,195 21 20

a "Normal" is based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. b Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature

used as an index for heating and cooling energy requirements. Cooling

degree-days are the number of degrees that the daily average temperature

rises above 65° F. Heating degree-days are the number of degrees that the

daily average temperature falls below 65° F. The daily average temperature

is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures in a 24-hour period. 

For example, if a weather station recorded an average daily temperature of

78° F, cooling degree-days for that station would be 13 (and 0 heating

degree-days). A weather station recording an average daily temperature of

40° F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day (and 0 cooling degreedays).

Web Pages: • See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/overview.html for current

data. • See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html for historical data.

Sources: There are several degree-day databases maintained by the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The information published

here is developed by the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center,

Camp Springs, MD. The data are available weekly with monthly summaries

and are based on mean daily temperatures recorded at about 200 major

weather stations around the country. The temperature information recorded

at those weather stations is used to calculate statewide degree-day averages

based on population. The State figures are then aggregated into Census

Divisions and into the national average. The population weights currently

used represent resident State population data estimated for the 2000 Census

by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The data

provided here are available sooner than the Historical Climatology Series 5-2

(cooling degree-days) developed by the National Climatic Data Center,

Asheville, NC, which compiles data from some 8,000 weather stations.
Energy Overview

Note. Merchandise Trade Value. Imports data presented

are based on the customs values. Those values do not

include insurance and freight and are consequently lower

than the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) values, which are

also reported by the Bureau of the Census. All exports data,

and imports data prior to 1981, are on a free alongside ship

(f.a.s.) basis.

“Balance” is exports minus imports; a positive balance

indicates a surplus trade value and a negative balance

indicates a deficit trade value. “Energy” includes mineral

fuels, lubricants, and related material. “Non-Energy Balance”

and “Total Merchandise” include foreign exports (i.e.,

re-exports) and nonmonetary gold and U.S. Department of

Defense Grant-Aid shipments. The “Non-Energy Balance”

is calculated by subtracting the “Energy” from the “Total

Merchandise Balance.”

“Imports” consist of government and nongovernment

shipments of merchandise into the 50 States, the District of

Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the

U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. They reflect the total arrival

from foreign countries of merchandise that immediately

entered consumption channels, warehouses, the Foreign

Trade Zones, or the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. They

exclude shipments between the United States, Puerto Rico,

and U.S. possessions, shipments to U.S. Armed Forces and

diplomatic missions abroad for their own use, U.S. goods

returned to the United States by its Armed Forces, and

in-transit shipments.

Table 1.5 Sources

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,

Foreign Trade Division:

Petroleum Exports

1974-1987: “U.S. Exports,” FT410, December issues. 

1988 and 1989: “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final

Revisions.

1990-1992: “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Report.

1993-2007: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” Annual Revision.

2008 forward: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” FT-900, monthly.

Petroleum Imports

1974-1987: “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” FT900, December

issues, 1975-1988.

1988 and 1989: “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final

Revisions.

1990-1993: “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Report.

1994-2007: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” Annual Revision.

2008 forward: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” FT-900, monthly.

Energy Exports and Imports

1974-1987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and

database printouts for adjustments. 

1988: January-July, monthly FT-900 supplement, 1989

issues. August-December, monthly FT-900, 1989 issues.

1989: Monthly FT-900, 1990 issues. 

1990-1992: “U.S. Merchandise Trade,” Final Report.

1993-2007: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” Annual Revision. 

2008 forward: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” FT-900, monthly. 

Petroleum, Energy, and Non-Energy Balances

Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Total Merchandise

1974-1987: U.S. merchandise trade press releases and

database printouts for adjustments.

1988: “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1988 Final

Revisions,” August 18, 1989.

1989: “Report on U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1989

Revisions,” July 10, 1990.

1990: “U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1990 Final Report,” May

10, 1991, and “U.S. Merchandise Trade, December 1992,”

February 18, 1993, page 3.

1991: “U.S. Merchandise Trade, 1992 Final Report,” May

12, 1993.

1992-2007: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” Annual Revision.

2008 forward: “U.S. International Trade in Goods and

Services,” FT-900, monthly. 

20 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
 

 Energy Consumption by Sector

2

Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from the inner harbor.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

(Quadrillion Btu)

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1973-2009

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, Monthly

By Sector, June 2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html.

Source: Table 2.1.

22 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Transportation

Industrial

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10

20

30

40

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

Commercial

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

1

2

3

4

Residential

Commercial

2008 2009 2010

1.663 1.516

2.491

2.313

3.622

0.261 0.186

1.609

2.306

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric Power

0

1

2

3

4

5

Primary Consumption Total Consumption
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 23

Table 2.1 Energy Consumption by Sector

 (Trillion Btu)

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sectorc,d

Balancing

Itemg

Primary 

Totalh

Residential Commerciala Industrialb Transportation

Primarye Totalf Primarye Totalf Primarye Totalf Primarye Totalf Primarye

1973 Total ...................... 8,212 14,891 4,419 9,545 24,741 32,653 18,576 18,612 19,753 7 75,708

1975 Total ...................... 7,973 14,810 4,055 9,498 21,454 29,447 18,209 18,244 20,307 1 71,999

1980 Total ...................... 7,426 15,760 4,101 10,590 22,610 32,077 19,658 19,696 24,327 -1 78,122

1985 Total ...................... 7,129 16,057 3,726 11,475 19,467 28,876 20,040 20,086 26,132 -4 76,491

1990 Total ...................... 6,538 16,982 3,890 13,365 21,207 31,894 22,365 22,419 30,660 -9 84,651

1995 Total ...................... 6,915 18,547 4,094 14,729 22,746 34,045 23,790 23,846 33,621 3 91,169

1996 Total ...................... 7,440 19,531 4,266 15,213 23,442 34,988 24,382 24,437 34,638 4 94,172

1997 Total ...................... 7,007 18,994 4,289 15,726 23,720 35,287 24,694 24,749 35,045 6 94,761

1998 Total ...................... 6,390 18,986 3,998 16,014 23,209 34,926 25,200 25,255 36,385 -3 95,178

1999 Total ...................... 6,746 19,583 4,045 16,422 22,989 34,854 25,891 25,948 37,136 6 96,812

2000 Total ...................... 7,127 20,446 4,269 17,218 22,869 34,756 26,488 26,548 38,214 2 98,970

2001 Total ...................... 6,839 20,065 4,076 17,180 21,833 32,803 26,212 26,275 37,362 -6 96,316

2002 Total ...................... 6,901 20,838 4,136 17,404 21,855 32,762 26,783 26,844 38,173 5 97,853

2003 Total ...................... 7,183 21,139 4,275 17,388 21,538 32,612 26,919 26,994 38,218 -1 98,131

2004 Total ...................... 6,966 21,125 4,223 17,707 22,438 33,592 27,816 27,895 38,876 -6 100,313

2005 Total ...................... 6,883 21,660 4,043 17,905 21,448 32,528 28,270 28,352 39,800 (s) 100,445

2006 Total ...................... 6,155 20,735 3,739 17,760 21,557 32,466 28,749 28,829 39,590 (s) 99,790

2007 Total ...................... 6,607 21,600 3,923 18,314 21,430 32,499 29,030 29,118 40,540 -3 101,527

2008 January .................. 1,103 2,533 587 1,760 1,959 2,858 2,327 2,335 3,510 1 9,487

 February ................ 1,024 2,254 562 1,645 1,803 2,649 2,166 2,173 3,165 (s) 8,721

 March ..................... 838 1,983 468 1,572 1,820 2,715 2,379 2,386 3,151 -2 8,655

 April ....................... 537 1,518 325 1,408 1,703 2,599 2,351 2,358 2,966 -3 7,879

 May ........................ 363 1,380 239 1,426 1,719 2,694 2,439 2,446 3,185 -2 7,944

 June ....................... 276 1,619 195 1,515 1,638 2,607 2,335 2,342 3,639 1 8,084

 July ........................ 251 1,812 188 1,583 1,672 2,635 2,423 2,430 3,925 3 8,463

 August ................... 240 1,732 184 1,523 1,648 2,594 2,412 2,419 3,785 1 8,270

 September ............. 236 1,441 183 1,400 1,470 2,347 2,180 2,186 3,305 (s) 7,374

 October .................. 353 1,371 248 1,424 1,759 2,649 2,376 2,383 3,090 -4 7,822

 November .............. 580 1,622 346 1,461 1,670 2,534 2,235 2,241 3,029 (s) 7,859

 December .............. 966 2,342 519 1,696 1,641 2,474 2,321 2,328 3,394 4 8,845

 Total ...................... 6,765 21,606 4,043 18,411 20,503 31,358 27,944 28,027 40,147 (s) 99,402

2009 January .................. 1,147 2,621 R 616 R 1,822 R 1,712 R 2,494 2,221 2,229 3,470 (s) 9,165

 February ................ R 929 2,109 R 510 R 1,541 R 1,549 R 2,251 2,013 2,019 2,919 -4 R 7,915

 March ..................... 773 1,907 R 442 R 1,550 R 1,603 R 2,361 2,279 2,286 3,008 -5 8,100

 April ....................... 540 1,514 R 317 1,396 R 1,479 R 2,233 2,245 2,251 2,813 -2 R 7,393

 May ........................ 332 1,379 R 224 1,408 R 1,475 R 2,280 2,271 2,277 3,044 (s) R 7,344

 June ....................... 263 1,537 R 188 1,483 R 1,474 R 2,282 2,271 2,278 3,385 2 R 7,582

 July ........................ 248 1,717 R 186 1,501 R 1,506 R 2,308 2,330 2,337 3,594 3 R 7,867

 August ................... 246 1,725 189 1,526 R 1,555 R 2,400 2,355 2,362 3,668 3 R 8,017

 September ............. 256 1,428 R 194 R 1,378 R 1,544 R 2,326 2,183 2,189 3,145 -1 R 7,321

 October .................. 396 1,420 R 263 R 1,407 R 1,629 R 2,426 2,291 2,297 2,971 -2 R 7,548

 November .............. 528 1,531 R 318 R 1,398 R 1,637 R 2,427 2,184 2,190 2,879 -2 7,544

 December .............. 959 2,325 R 523 R 1,734 R 1,735 R 2,557 2,296 2,304 3,407 (s) 8,920

 Total ...................... 6,615 R 21,216 R 3,969 R 18,143 R 18,898 R 28,346 26,938 27,020 38,304 -9 R 94,716

2010 January .................. 1,160 2,718 R 609 R 1,764 R 1,755 R 2,520 2,197 2,204 3,486 -1 R 9,206

 February ................ 1,003 2,278 R 545 R 1,599 R 1,657 R 2,396 2,018 2,025 3,075 -4 R 8,294

 March ..................... 755 1,911 R 417 R 1,484 R 1,786 R 2,568 2,288 2,295 3,011 -6 R 8,252

 April ....................... 444 1,359 R 274 1,328 R 1,630 R 2,420 2,263 2,269 2,765 R -7 R 7,370

 May ........................ 327 1,395 220 R 1,428 R 1,634 R 2,527 2,345 2,352 3,177 R -4 R 7,698

 June ....................... 261 1,663 186 1,516 1,609 2,491 2,306 2,313 3,622 -2 7,982

 6-Month Total ....... 3,950 11,324 2,252 9,119 10,070 14,922 13,417 13,459 19,135 -24 48,801

2009 6-Month Total ....... 3,983 11,068 2,296 9,201 9,292 13,900 13,299 13,341 18,639 -10 47,500

2008 6-Month Total ....... 4,141 11,287 2,376 9,325 10,642 16,122 13,998 14,039 19,617 -5 50,769

a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants.

b Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

industrial electricity-only plants. c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to

the public. d Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities and independent power producers. e See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. f Total energy consumption in the end-use sectors consists of primary energy

consumption, electricity retail sales, and electrical system energy losses. See Note

2, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of section.

g A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use

sectors equals the sum of total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However,

total energy consumption does not equal the sum of the sectoral components due

to the use of sector-specific conversion factors for coal and natural gas. h Primary energy consumption total. See Table 1.3.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at

end of Section 7. • See Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end

of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 2.2-2.6.
Figure 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 1973-2009

By Major Source, Monthly

 Total, January-June By Major Source, June 2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html.

Source: Table 2.2.

24 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Natural Gas

Electricity

Petroleum

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

Natural Gas

Electricity

Petroleum

2008 2009 2010

 Energy

11.287 11.068 11.324

2008 2009 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0.433

0.140

0.074

0.046

Electricity

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Renewable

0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 25

Table 2.2 Residential Sector Energy Consumption

 (Trillion Btu)

Primary Consumptiona

Electricity

Retail

Salesd

Electrical

System

Energy

Lossese Total

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energyb

Total

Coal Primary

Natural

Gasc

Petroleum TotalGeothermalSolar/

PV

Biomass Total

1973 Total .................... 94 4,977 2,787 7,858 NA NA 354 354 8,212 1,976 4,703 14,891

1975 Total .................... 63 5,023 2,463 7,548 NA NA 425 425 7,973 2,007 4,829 14,810

1980 Total .................... 31 4,825 1,721 6,576 NA NA 850 850 7,426 2,448 5,885 15,760

1985 Total .................... 39 4,534 1,546 6,119 NA NA 1,010 1,010 7,129 2,709 6,219 16,057

1990 Total .................... 31 4,491 1,375 5,897 6 56 580 641 6,538 3,153 7,291 16,982

1995 Total .................... 17 4,954 1,352 6,324 7 65 520 591 6,915 3,557 8,075 18,547

1996 Total .................... 17 5,354 1,456 6,827 7 65 540 612 7,440 3,694 8,397 19,531

1997 Total .................... 16 5,093 1,396 6,505 8 65 430 503 7,007 3,671 8,315 18,994

1998 Total .................... 12 4,646 1,280 5,937 8 65 380 452 6,390 3,856 8,741 18,986

1999 Total .................... 14 4,835 1,435 6,284 9 64 390 462 6,746 3,906 8,931 19,583

2000 Total .................... 11 5,105 1,521 6,637 9 61 420 490 7,127 4,069 9,250 20,446

2001 Total .................... 12 4,889 1,499 6,400 9 60 370 439 6,839 4,100 9,126 20,065

2002 Total .................... 12 5,014 1,426 6,452 10 59 380 449 6,901 4,317 9,620 20,838

2003 Total .................... 12 5,209 1,490 6,712 13 58 400 471 7,183 4,353 9,603 21,139

2004 Total .................... 11 4,981 1,491 6,483 14 59 410 483 6,966 4,408 9,750 21,125

2005 Total .................... 8 4,946 1,422 6,377 16 61 430 507 6,883 4,638 10,139 21,660

2006 Total .................... 6 4,476 1,197 5,679 18 67 390 475 6,155 4,611 9,968 20,735

2007 Total .................... 8 4,850 1,223 6,080 22 75 430 527 6,607 4,750 10,242 21,600

2008 January ................ 1 905 149 1,055 2 7 38 48 1,103 454 977 2,533

 February .............. 1 837 142 980 2 7 36 45 1,024 404 825 2,254

 March ................... 1 670 120 790 2 7 38 48 838 365 780 1,983

 April ..................... 1 398 92 491 2 7 37 46 537 314 667 1,518

 May ...................... 1 235 80 315 2 7 38 48 363 314 703 1,380

 June ..................... 1 147 82 230 2 7 37 46 276 413 930 1,619

 July ...................... 1 121 82 204 2 7 38 48 251 489 1,072 1,812

 August ................. 1 113 78 192 2 7 38 48 240 473 1,019 1,732

 September ........... (s) 120 69 189 2 7 37 46 236 401 804 1,441

 October ................ 1 220 85 305 2 7 38 48 353 328 690 1,371

 November ............ 1 438 95 534 2 7 37 46 580 326 716 1,622

 December ............ 1 787 130 918 2 7 38 48 966 427 950 2,342

 Total .................... 8 4,989 1,204 6,201 26 88 450 565 6,765 4,708 10,133 21,606

2009 January ................ 1 965 133 1,099 3 9 37 48 1,147 464 1,011 2,621

 February .............. 1 769 116 885 3 8 33 43 R 929 394 786 2,109

 March ................... 1 611 113 725 3 9 37 48 773 363 771 1,907

 April ..................... (s) 401 93 494 3 8 35 46 540 312 662 1,514

 May ...................... (s) 207 76 284 3 9 37 48 332 321 727 1,379

 June ..................... (s) 145 71 217 3 8 35 46 263 390 884 1,537

 July ...................... (s) 122 78 200 3 9 37 48 248 469 1,001 1,717

 August ................. (s) 114 83 198 3 9 37 48 246 472 1,008 1,725

 September ........... (s) 122 87 209 3 8 35 46 256 393 779 1,428

 October ................ 1 255 92 348 3 9 37 48 396 336 688 1,420

 November ............ 1 384 97 482 3 8 35 46 528 316 687 1,531

 December ............ 1 778 132 911 3 9 37 48 959 421 945 2,325

 Total .................... 7 4,873 R 1,172 R 6,052 33 101 430 563 6,615 4,650 9,950 R 21,216

2010 January ................ 1 988 124 1,112 3 9 R 37 48 1,160 504 1,054 2,718

 February .............. 1 845 113 959 3 8 33 43 1,003 421 854 2,278

 March ................... 1 619 88 707 3 9 37 48 755 382 773 1,911

 April ..................... (s) 332 66 398 3 8 35 46 444 301 614 1,359

 May ...................... (s) 208 71 279 3 9 37 48 327 323 745 1,395

 June ..................... (s) 140 74 214 3 8 35 46 261 433 969 1,663

 6-Month Total ..... 3 3,132 535 3,670 16 50 213 279 3,950 2,365 5,010 11,324

2009 6-Month Total ..... 4 3,098 602 3,704 16 50 213 279 3,983 2,243 4,841 11,068

2008 6-Month Total ..... 4 3,192 664 3,860 13 44 224 281 4,141 2,264 4,882 11,287

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. b Data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components. c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. d Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

e Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric

power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total

electricity retail sales. See Note 2, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 1973-2009

By Major Source, Monthly

Total, January-June By Major Source, June 2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html.

Source: Table 2.3.

26 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3

4

5

Electricity

Natural Gas

Petroleum

2008 2009 2010

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Natural Gas

Electricity

Petroleum

Energy

9.325 9.201 9.119

2008 2009 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.411

0.135

0.037

0.011

Electricity

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Renewable

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 27

Table 2.3 Commercial Sector Energy Consumption

 (Trillion Btu)

Primary Consumptiona

Electricity

Retail

Salesf

Electrical

System

Energy

Lossesg Total

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energyb

Total

Coal Primary

Natural

Gasc Petroleumd Total

Hydroelectric

Powere Geothermal

Solar/

PV

Biomass Total

1973 Total ........................ 160 2,649 1,604 4,413 NA NA NA 7 7 4,419 1,517 3,609 9,545

1975 Total ........................ 147 2,558 1,342 4,047 NA NA NA 8 8 4,055 1,598 3,845 9,498

1980 Total ........................ 115 2,651 1,314 4,080 NA NA NA 21 21 4,101 1,906 4,582 10,590

1985 Total ........................ 137 2,488 1,077 3,702 NA NA NA 24 24 3,726 2,351 5,398 11,475

1990 Total ........................ 124 2,682 985 3,792 1 3 – 94 98 3,890 2,860 6,615 13,365

1995 Total ........................ 117 3,096 763 3,976 1 5 – 113 118 4,094 3,252 7,382 14,729

1996 Total ........................ 122 3,226 783 4,131 1 5 – 129 135 4,266 3,344 7,603 15,213

1997 Total ........................ 129 3,285 736 4,150 1 6 – 131 138 4,289 3,503 7,935 15,726

1998 Total ........................ 93 3,083 695 3,871 1 7 – 118 127 3,998 3,678 8,338 16,014

1999 Total ........................ 103 3,115 699 3,917 1 7 – 121 129 4,045 3,766 8,610 16,422

2000 Total ........................ 92 3,252 798 4,141 1 8 – 119 128 4,269 3,956 8,993 17,218

2001 Total ........................ 97 3,097 781 3,975 1 8 – 92 101 4,076 4,062 9,042 17,180

2002 Total ........................ 90 3,225 717 4,032 (s) 9 – 95 104 4,136 4,110 9,159 17,404

2003 Total ........................ 82 3,261 819 4,162 1 11 – 101 113 4,275 4,090 9,023 17,388

2004 Total ........................ 103 3,201 801 4,105 1 12 – 105 118 4,223 4,198 9,286 17,707

2005 Total ........................ 97 3,073 754 3,924 1 14 – 105 119 4,043 4,351 9,511 17,905

2006 Total ........................ 65 2,902 655 3,622 1 14 – 102 117 3,739 4,435 9,587 17,760

2007 Total ........................ 70 3,094 642 3,806 1 14 – 102 118 3,923 4,560 9,831 18,314

2008 January .................... 8 487 81 576 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 587 372 801 1,760

 February .................. 7 468 78 553 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 562 356 726 1,645

 March ....................... 7 387 64 458 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 468 352 752 1,572

 April ......................... 5 260 49 314 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 325 346 736 1,408

 May .......................... 5 183 41 229 (s) 1 (s) 9 11 239 366 821 1,426

 June ......................... 6 136 42 184 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 195 406 914 1,515

 July .......................... 5 131 42 178 (s) 1 (s) 9 11 188 437 958 1,583

 August ..................... 5 129 39 174 (s) 1 (s) 9 11 184 425 914 1,523

 September ............... 4 132 37 173 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 183 405 811 1,400

 October .................... 5 188 44 238 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 248 379 797 1,424

 November ................ 6 280 50 335 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 346 349 766 1,461

 December ................ 7 430 71 508 (s) 1 (s) 9 11 519 365 813 1,696

 Total ........................ 69 3,211 638 3,918 1 15 (s) 109 125 4,043 4,558 9,810 18,411

2009 January .................... 8 R 526 R 72 R 605 (s) 1 0 9 11 R 616 379 827 R 1,822

 February .................. 7 R 433 61 R 501 (s) 1 (s) 8 9 R 510 344 686 R 1,541

 March ....................... 6 R 364 60 R 430 (s) 1 (s) 10 12 R 442 355 754 R 1,550

 April ......................... 4 R 254 49 R 307 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 317 346 734 1,396

 May .......................... 4 R 171 38 R 213 (s) 1 (s) 9 11 R 224 363 822 1,408

 June ......................... 4 137 36 177 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 188 396 900 1,483

 July .......................... 4 R 132 40 175 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 186 420 896 1,501

 August ..................... 4 132 42 178 (s) 1 (s) 9 11 189 426 911 1,526

 September ............... 4 R 135 45 R 184 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 194 397 787 R 1,378

 October .................... 5 R 203 45 R 253 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 263 375 769 R 1,407

 November ................ 5 R 257 46 R 308 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 318 340 739 R 1,398

 December ................ 6 R 438 68 R 512 (s) 1 0 9 11 R 523 373 838 R 1,734

 Total ........................ 61 R 3,180 R 603 R 3,844 1 17 (s) 108 125 R 3,969 4,514 9,659 R 18,143

2010 January .................... 7 R 528 63 R 598 (s) 1 0 9 11 R 609 374 781 R 1,764

 February .................. 6 R 471 58 R 536 (s) 1 (s) 8 10 R 545 348 706 R 1,599

 March ....................... 6 R 358 43 R 407 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 417 353 714 R 1,484

 April ......................... 4 228 32 264 (s) 1 (s) 9 10 R 274 346 707 1,328

 May .......................... 4 170 35 R 208 (s) 1 (s) 10 11 220 366 843 R 1,428

 June ......................... 4 135 37 176 (s) 1 (s) 9 11 186 411 919 1,516

 6-Month Total ......... 31 1,890 267 2,189 (s) 8 (s) 54 63 2,252 2,198 4,670 9,119

2009 6-Month Total ......... 33 1,884 316 2,233 (s) 8 (s) 54 63 2,296 2,183 4,722 9,201

2008 6-Month Total ......... 37 1,922 355 2,314 (s) 7 (s) 54 62 2,376 2,199 4,750 9,325

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. b Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2a for notes on series components

and estimation.

c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels

are included in "Biomass."

e Conventional hydroelectric power. f Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

g Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric

power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total

electricity retail sales. See Note 2, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion

Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combined-heat-andpower (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of

Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. • See Note 1,

"Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. • Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage

is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8a, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2a, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 1973-2009

By Major Source, Monthly

Total, January-June By Major Source, June 2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html.

Source: Table 2.4.

28 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

3

6

9

12

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Electricity

Renewable Energy

Coal

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Electricity

Coal

Renewable Energy

2008 2009 2010

16.122

13.900

14.922

2008 2009 2010

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

0.663

0.632

0.272

0.181

0.132

Petroleum

Electricity

Coal

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Natural

Gas

Renewable

Energy
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 29

Table 2.4 Industrial Sector Energy Consumption

 (Trillion Btu)

Primary Consumptiona

Electricity

Retail

Salesg

Electrical

System

Energy

Lossesh Totale

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energyb

Total

Coal Primary

Natural

Gasc Petroleumd Totale

Hydroelectric

Powerf Geothermal

Biomass Total

1973 Total .................... 4,057 10,388 9,104 23,541 35 NA 1,165 1,200 24,741 2,341 5,571 32,653

1975 Total .................... 3,667 8,532 8,146 20,359 32 NA 1,063 1,096 21,454 2,346 5,647 29,447

1980 Total .................... 3,155 8,333 9,525 20,977 33 NA 1,600 1,633 22,610 2,781 6,686 32,077

1985 Total .................... 2,760 7,032 7,738 17,516 33 NA 1,918 1,951 19,467 2,855 6,554 28,876

1990 Total .................... 2,756 8,451 8,278 19,490 31 2 1,684 1,717 21,207 3,226 7,461 31,894

1995 Total .................... 2,488 9,592 8,613 20,754 55 3 1,934 1,992 22,746 3,455 7,844 34,045

1996 Total .................... 2,434 9,901 9,052 21,410 61 3 1,969 2,033 23,442 3,527 8,018 34,988

1997 Total .................... 2,395 9,933 9,289 21,663 58 3 1,996 2,057 23,720 3,542 8,024 35,287

1998 Total .................... 2,335 9,763 9,114 21,280 55 3 1,872 1,929 23,209 3,587 8,131 34,926

1999 Total .................... 2,227 9,375 9,395 21,054 49 4 1,882 1,934 22,989 3,611 8,254 34,854

2000 Total .................... 2,256 9,500 9,119 20,941 42 4 1,881 1,928 22,869 3,631 8,256 34,756

2001 Total .................... 2,192 8,676 9,217 20,115 33 5 1,681 1,719 21,833 3,400 7,569 32,803

2002 Total .................... 2,019 8,845 9,209 20,135 39 5 1,676 1,720 21,855 3,379 7,529 32,762

2003 Total .................... 2,041 8,488 9,232 19,812 43 3 1,679 1,726 21,538 3,454 7,620 32,612

2004 Total .................... 2,047 8,536 9,864 20,585 33 4 1,817 1,853 22,438 3,473 7,682 33,592

2005 Total .................... 1,954 7,903 9,673 19,575 32 4 1,837 1,873 21,448 3,477 7,602 32,528

2006 Total .................... 1,914 7,846 9,805 19,627 29 4 1,897 1,930 21,557 3,451 7,459 32,466

2007 Total .................... 1,865 8,090 9,486 19,466 16 5 1,944 1,964 21,430 3,507 7,562 32,499

2008 January ................ 153 782 833 1,771 2 (s) 185 188 1,959 285 614 2,858

 February .............. 151 731 754 1,638 2 (s) 163 165 1,803 278 568 2,649

 March ................... 155 730 755 1,648 2 (s) 170 172 1,820 286 610 2,715

 April ..................... 152 671 701 1,532 2 (s) 168 171 1,703 287 609 2,599

 May ...................... 153 660 729 1,545 2 (s) 172 174 1,719 301 674 2,694

 June ..................... 150 627 687 1,473 1 (s) 163 165 1,638 298 671 2,607

 July ...................... 152 645 698 1,500 1 (s) 171 172 1,672 301 661 2,635

 August ................. 154 648 673 1,476 1 (s) 171 172 1,648 300 646 2,594

 September ........... 148 581 575 1,306 1 (s) 163 165 1,470 292 585 2,347

 October ................ 158 654 773 1,585 1 (s) 172 173 1,759 287 603 2,649

 November ............ 140 662 696 1,499 1 (s) 169 170 1,670 271 594 2,534

 December ............ 129 675 674 1,476 2 (s) 163 165 1,641 258 575 2,474

 Total .................... 1,796 8,067 8,547 18,450 17 5 2,031 2,053 20,503 3,444 7,411 31,358

2009 January ................ 125 703 R 722 R 1,548 2 (s) 161 163 R 1,712 246 536 R 2,494

 February .............. 127 634 R 639 R 1,399 1 (s) 149 150 R 1,549 234 467 R 2,251

 March ................... 128 R 657 R 656 R 1,440 2 (s) 161 163 R 1,603 243 515 R 2,361

 April ..................... 107 R 608 R 610 R 1,323 2 (s) 155 157 R 1,479 241 512 R 2,233

 May ...................... 107 586 R 621 R 1,312 2 (s) 161 163 R 1,475 247 558 R 2,280

 June ..................... 107 576 R 631 R 1,311 2 (s) 160 162 R 1,474 247 561 R 2,282

 July ...................... 107 R 593 R 630 R 1,329 1 (s) 175 177 R 1,506 256 546 R 2,308

 August ................. 112 615 R 650 R 1,374 1 (s) 180 181 R 1,555 270 576 R 2,400

 September ........... 115 596 R 664 R 1,373 1 (s) 169 171 R 1,544 262 520 R 2,326

 October ................ 122 R 642 R 689 R 1,449 1 (s) 178 180 R 1,629 261 536 R 2,426

 November ............ 119 650 R 691 R 1,458 1 (s) 177 178 R 1,637 249 541 R 2,427

 December ............ 121 R 716 R 717 R 1,552 2 (s) 181 183 R 1,735 253 569 R 2,557

 Total .................... 1,396 R 7,575 R 7,921 R 16,869 18 4 2,007 2,029 R 18,898 3,009 6,439 R 28,346

2010 January ................ 128 R 750 R 699 R 1,573 2 (s) 180 182 R 1,755 248 517 R 2,520

 February .............. 132 R 693 R 663 R 1,492 2 (s) 164 166 R 1,657 244 495 R 2,396

 March ................... 138 R 706 R 754 R 1,601 2 (s) 183 185 R 1,786 259 524 R 2,568

 April ..................... R 132 644 R 676 R 1,453 2 (s) 175 177 R 1,630 260 530 R 2,420

 May ...................... R 133 R 655 R 661 R 1,451 2 (s) R 180 182 R 1,634 270 623 R 2,527

 June ..................... 132 632 663 1,428 1 (s) 179 181 1,609 272 610 2,491

 6-Month Total ..... 794 4,081 4,117 8,998 10 2 1,061 1,073 10,070 1,553 3,298 14,922

2009 6-Month Total ..... 701 3,763 3,879 8,333 10 2 947 959 9,292 1,458 3,150 13,900

2008 6-Month Total ..... 915 4,202 4,458 9,607 10 2 1,023 1,035 10,642 1,735 3,746 16,122

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. b Most data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components

and estimation.

c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels

are included in "Biomass."

e Includes coal coke net imports, which are not separately displayed. See

Tables 1.4a and 1.4b. f Conventional hydroelectric power.

g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

h Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric

power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total

electricity retail sales. See Note 2, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power

Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. • See Note 1, "Energy

Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 1.4a, 1.4b, 2.6, 3.8b, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

By Major Source, 1973-2009

By Major Source, Monthly

Total, January-June Total, Monthly

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html.

Source: Table 2.5.

30 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

2008 2009 2010

Renewable

 Energy

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable Energy 

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Petroleum

Natural Gas

14.039

13.341 13.459

2008 2009 2010

0

4

8

12

16

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2008 2009 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 31

Table 2.5 Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

 (Trillion Btu)

Primary Consumptiona

Electricity

Retail

Salese

Electrical

System

Energy

Lossesf Total

Fossil Fuels

Renewable

Energyb

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary c Petroleumd Total Biomass

1973 Total .................... 3 743 17,831 18,576 NA 18,576 11 25 18,612

1975 Total .................... 1 595 17,614 18,209 NA 18,209 10 24 18,244

1980 Total .................... g ( ) 650 19,009 19,658 NA 19,658 11 27 19,696

1985 Total .................... g ( ) 519 19,471 19,990 50 20,040 14 32 20,086

1990 Total .................... g ( ) 680 21,625 22,305 60 22,365 16 37 22,419

1995 Total .................... g ( ) 724 22,954 23,678 113 23,790 17 39 23,846

1996 Total .................... g ( ) 737 23,564 24,301 81 24,382 17 38 24,437

1997 Total .................... g ( ) 780 23,812 24,592 102 24,694 17 38 24,749

1998 Total .................... g ( ) 666 24,421 25,087 113 25,200 17 38 25,255

1999 Total .................... g ( ) 675 25,097 25,773 118 25,891 17 40 25,948

2000 Total .................... g ( ) 672 25,681 26,353 135 26,488 18 42 26,548

2001 Total .................... g ( ) 658 25,412 26,070 142 26,212 20 43 26,275

2002 Total .................... g ( ) 702 25,912 26,614 170 26,783 19 42 26,844

2003 Total .................... g ( ) 627 26,062 26,689 230 26,919 23 51 26,994

2004 Total .................... g ( ) 602 26,924 27,526 290 27,816 25 55 27,895

2005 Total .................... g ( ) 624 27,307 27,931 339 28,270 26 56 28,352

2006 Total .................... g ( ) 625 27,649 28,274 475 28,749 25 54 28,829

2007 Total .................... g ( ) 665 27,762 28,427 603 29,030 28 60 29,118

2008 January ................ g ( ) 82 2,188 2,270 57 2,327 2 5 2,335

 February .............. g ( ) 75 2,033 2,108 58 2,166 2 5 2,173

 March ................... g ( ) 68 2,253 2,321 59 2,379 2 5 2,386

 April ..................... g ( ) 54 2,232 2,286 65 2,351 2 4 2,358

 May ...................... g ( ) 47 2,325 2,372 67 2,439 2 5 2,446

 June ..................... g ( ) 48 2,221 2,269 67 2,335 2 5 2,342

 July ...................... g ( ) 51 2,299 2,350 73 2,423 2 5 2,430

 August ................. g ( ) 50 2,286 2,337 75 2,412 2 5 2,419

 September ........... g ( ) 44 2,061 2,105 75 2,180 2 4 2,186

 October ................ g ( ) 49 2,249 2,298 78 2,376 2 5 2,383

 November ............ g ( ) 56 2,105 2,161 74 2,235 2 5 2,241

 December ............ g ( ) 72 2,171 2,242 78 2,321 2 5 2,328

 Total .................... g ( ) 694 26,423 27,117 827 27,944 26 57 28,027

2009 January ................ g ( ) 80 2,073 R 2,154 67 2,221 3 6 2,229

 February .............. g ( ) 69 1,886 1,955 58 2,013 2 4 2,019

 March ................... g ( ) 65 2,145 2,209 70 2,279 2 5 2,286

 April ..................... g ( ) 53 2,119 2,171 73 2,245 2 4 2,251

 May ...................... g ( ) 46 2,145 2,191 79 2,271 2 5 2,277

 June ..................... g ( ) 47 2,147 2,193 78 2,271 2 5 2,278

 July ...................... g ( ) 50 2,196 2,247 83 2,330 2 5 2,337

 August ................. g ( ) 52 2,218 2,270 85 2,355 2 5 2,362

 September ........... g ( ) 48 2,055 2,103 80 2,183 2 4 2,189

 October ................ g ( ) 50 2,153 2,203 87 2,291 2 4 2,297

 November ............ g ( ) 53 2,045 2,099 85 2,184 2 4 2,190

 December ............ g ( ) 74 2,135 2,209 87 2,296 2 5 2,304

 Total .................... g ( ) 686 R 25,318 26,004 934 26,938 26 56 27,020

2010 January ................ g ( ) 84 2,029 2,113 84 2,197 2 5 2,204

 February .............. g ( ) 75 1,864 1,939 79 2,018 2 5 2,025

 March ................... g ( ) 65 2,135 2,200 89 2,288 2 4 2,295

 April ..................... g ( ) 51 2,123 2,174 88 2,263 2 4 2,269

 May ...................... g ( ) 49 2,204 2,254 92 2,345 2 5 2,352

 June ..................... g ( ) 50 2,162 2,212 94 2,306 2 5 2,313

 6-Month Total ..... g ( ) 374 12,517 12,891 526 13,417 13 28 13,459

2009 6-Month Total ..... g ( ) 359 12,515 12,873 426 13,299 13 28 13,341

2008 6-Month Total ..... g ( ) 374 13,251 13,625 373 13,998 13 28 14,039

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. b Data are estimates. See Table 10.2b for notes on series components. c Natural gas only; does not include supplemental gaseous fuels. See Note 3,

"Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. d Does not include biofuels that have been blended with petroleum—biofuels

are included in "Biomass."

e Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

beginning in 1996, other energy service providers. f Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric

power sector minus the energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total

electricity retail sales. See Note 2, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section.

g Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are

reported as industrial sector consumption.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 2.6, 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.6, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

Total, 1973-2009 Total, Monthly

By Major Source, 1973-2009 By Major Source, Monthly

Total, January-June By Major Source, June 2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html.

Source: Table 2.6. 

32 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

2008 2009 2010

2008 2009 2010

Renewable Energy

Nuclear

 Electric 

Power

 Petroleum

Coal

Renewable

Energy

 Petroleum

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

1

2

3

4

5

Natural

Gas

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

J FMAMJ J ASOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J ASOND

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Nuclear Electric

Power

Natural

Gas

Coal

19.617

18.639 19.135

2008 2009 2010

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

1.703

0.727

0.714

0.428

0.041

Coal

Petroleum

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Natural

Gas

Renewable

Energy
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 33

Table 2.6 Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption

 (Trillion Btu)

Primary Consumptiona

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energyb

Electricity

Net

Imports

Total

Coal Primary

Natural

Gasc Petroleum Total

Hydroelectric

Powerd Geothermal

Solar/

PV Wind

Biomass Total

1973 Total ...................... 8,658 3,748 3,515 15,921 910 2,827 43 NA NA 3 2,873 49 19,753

1975 Total ...................... 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 70 NA NA 2 3,194 21 20,307

1980 Total ...................... 12,123 3,778 2,634 18,534 2,739 2,867 110 NA NA 4 2,982 71 24,327

1985 Total ...................... 14,542 3,135 1,090 18,767 4,076 2,937 198 (s) (s) 14 3,150 140 26,132

1990 Totale .................... 16,261 3,309 1,289 20,859 6,104 3,014 326 4 29 317 3,689 8 30,660

1995 Total ...................... 17,466 4,302 755 22,523 7,075 3,149 280 5 33 422 3,889 134 33,621

1996 Total ...................... 18,429 3,862 817 23,109 7,087 3,528 300 5 33 438 4,305 137 34,638

1997 Total ...................... 18,905 4,126 927 23,957 6,597 3,581 309 5 34 446 4,375 116 35,045

1998 Total ...................... 19,216 4,675 1,306 25,197 7,068 3,241 311 5 31 444 4,032 88 36,385

1999 Total ...................... 19,279 4,902 1,211 25,393 7,610 3,218 312 5 46 453 4,034 99 37,136

2000 Total ...................... 20,220 5,293 1,144 26,658 7,862 2,768 296 5 57 453 3,579 115 38,214

2001 Total ...................... 19,614 5,458 1,277 26,348 8,029 2,209 289 6 70 337 2,910 75 37,362

2002 Total ...................... 19,783 5,767 961 26,511 8,145 2,650 305 6 105 380 3,445 72 38,173

2003 Total ...................... 20,185 5,246 1,205 26,636 7,959 2,781 303 5 115 397 3,601 22 38,218

2004 Total ...................... 20,305 5,595 1,212 27,112 8,222 2,656 311 6 142 388 3,503 39 38,876

2005 Total ...................... 20,737 6,015 1,235 27,986 8,161 2,670 309 6 178 406 3,568 84 39,800

2006 Total ...................... 20,462 6,375 648 27,485 8,215 2,839 306 5 264 412 3,827 63 39,590

2007 Total ...................... 20,808 7,005 657 28,470 8,455 2,430 308 6 341 423 3,508 107 40,540

2008 January .................. 1,862 546 44 2,452 739 203 26 (s) 42 37 308 11 3,510

 February ................ 1,708 450 37 2,194 681 184 23 (s) 38 35 279 10 3,165

 March ..................... 1,640 472 31 2,144 676 212 26 1 47 38 324 7 3,151

 April ....................... 1,513 481 34 2,028 599 217 26 1 51 34 330 9 2,966

 May ........................ 1,598 487 35 2,119 678 267 27 1 53 34 381 8 3,185

 June ....................... 1,761 681 52 2,494 735 286 27 1 51 36 401 9 3,639

 July ........................ 1,933 801 43 2,776 777 251 27 1 39 39 357 15 3,925

 August ................... 1,884 781 39 2,704 759 208 27 1 32 38 307 15 3,785

 September ............. 1,683 616 42 2,342 701 158 26 1 31 36 252 10 3,305

 October .................. 1,577 558 33 2,167 657 151 27 1 47 35 261 6 3,090

 November .............. 1,594 468 34 2,096 663 153 26 (s) 49 36 265 4 3,029

 December .............. 1,760 488 44 2,291 762 204 27 (s) 65 38 334 7 3,394

 Total ...................... 20,513 6,829 468 27,810 8,427 2,494 314 9 546 435 3,798 112 40,147

2009 January .................. 1,776 496 60 2,332 775 233 28 (s) 59 36 356 7 3,470

 February ................ 1,455 462 33 1,950 671 175 25 (s) 56 33 289 8 2,919

 March ..................... 1,409 512 34 1,955 703 212 28 1 68 37 346 4 3,008

 April ....................... 1,313 466 28 1,807 621 249 25 1 72 33 379 6 2,813

 May ........................ 1,378 531 32 1,942 683 288 26 1 60 34 409 9 3,044

 June ....................... 1,546 664 33 2,243 729 285 26 1 53 37 402 11 3,385

 July ........................ 1,651 797 34 2,482 763 225 27 1 46 37 336 14 3,594

 August ................... 1,697 859 37 2,593 755 188 27 1 52 38 305 15 3,668

 September ............. 1,443 703 29 2,176 686 169 26 1 43 34 273 11 3,145

 October .................. 1,465 547 26 2,038 606 192 27 1 62 33 315 12 2,971

 November .............. 1,434 468 20 1,922 617 205 27 (s) 63 35 330 9 2,879

 December .............. 1,729 532 24 2,285 739 242 28 (s) 62 39 371 11 3,407

 Total ...................... 18,296 7,039 390 25,725 8,349 2,663 320 8 697 426 4,113 117 38,304

2010 January .................. 1,770 555 45 2,370 758 216 28 (s) 63 37 344 14 3,486

 February ................ 1,561 488 23 2,073 682 200 25 (s) 50 33 308 12 3,075

 March ..................... 1,493 462 25 1,980 676 201 26 1 81 37 345 10 3,011

 April ....................... 1,312 482 23 1,817 602 181 26 1 94 35 336 9 2,765

 May ........................ 1,481 575 31 2,088 697 243 27 1 83 34 388 4 3,177

 June ....................... 1,703 727 41 2,471 714 287 27 1 77 36 428 8 3,622

 6-Month Total ....... 9,320 3,291 189 12,799 4,129 1,327 160 5 448 211 2,150 58 19,135

2009 6-Month Total ....... 8,878 3,131 219 12,228 4,182 1,441 158 4 369 210 2,182 46 18,639

2008 6-Month Total ....... 10,082 3,115 233 13,431 4,109 1,368 154 4 282 213 2,022 56 19,617

a See "Primary Energy Consumption" in Glossary. b See Table 10.2c for notes on series components. c Natural gas only; excludes the estimated portion of supplemental gaseous

fuels. See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of Section 4. d Conventional hydroelectric power. e Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal

output. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See

Note 1, "Energy Consumption Data and Surveys," at end of section. • Totals may

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic

coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/consump.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 3.8c, 4.3, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2b, 10.2c, A4, A5, and A6.
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note 1. Energy Consumption Data and Surveys. Most

of the data in this section of the Monthly Energy Review

(MER) are developed from a group of energy-related

surveys, typically called "supply surveys," conducted by the

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Supply

surveys are directed to suppliers and marketers of specific

energy sources. They measure the quantities of specific

energy sources produced, or the quantities supplied to the

market, or both. The data obtained from EIA's supply

surveys are integrated to yield the summary consumption

statistics published in this section (and in Section 1) of the

MER.

Users of EIA's energy consumption statistics should be

aware of a second group of energy-related surveys, typically

called "consumption surveys." Consumption surveys gather

information on the types of energy consumed by end users

of energy, along with the characteristics of those end users

that can be associated with energy use. For example, the

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey belongs to the

consumption survey group because it collects information

directly from end users (the manufacturing establishments).

There are important differences between the supply and

consumption surveys that need to be taken into account in

any analysis that uses both data sources. For information on

those differences, see Energy Consumption by End-Use

Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and

Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533, U.S. Energy Information

Administration, Washington, DC, April 6, 1990.

Note 2. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical

system energy losses are calculated as the difference

between total primary consumption by the electric power

sector (see Table 2.6) and the total energy content of electricity retail sales (see Tables 7.6 and A6). Most of these

losses occur at steam-electric power plants (conventional

and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into

mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is

a thermodynamically necessary feature of the steamelectric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output losses is

a result of imputing fossil energy equivalent inputs for

hydroelectric and other energy sources, since there is no

generally accepted practice for measuring those thermal

conversion rates. In addition to conversion losses, other

losses include power plant use of electricity, transmission

and distribution of electricity from power plants to enduse consumers (also called "line losses"), and unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the

end-use sectors in proportion to each sector's share of

total electricity sales. Overall, about two thirds of total

energy input is lost in conversion. Currently, of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use

and 7 percent is lost in transmission and distribution. 

34 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
.

Petroleum

3

Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 3.1 Petroleum Overview

(Million Barrels per Day)

Overview, January-August 

Overview, 1973-2009 Total Field Production, 1973-2009

Crude Oilb

 Field Production, 1973-2009 Total Field Production,a Monthly

a

Crude oil, including lease condensate, and natural gas plant liquids cUnited States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

field production. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

b

Includes lease condensate. Source: Table 3.1.

 

36 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

7.4

9.8

19.1

7.2

10.0

18.7

6.9

11.2

19.8

Total Field Production Net Imports Products Supplied

0

5

10

15

20

25

2008 2009 2010

a

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Total Field Productiona

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

Products Supplied

Net Imports

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Total

Crude Oilb

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

2008 2009 2010

48 Statesc

Alaska
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 37

Table 3.1 Petroleum Overview

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Field Productiona

Renewable

Fuels

and Oxygenatesf

Processing

Gaing

Trade

Stock

Changej Adjustmentsk

Petroleum

Products

Supplied

Crude Oilb

NGPLd,e Total

Importsh Exportse Net

Importsi 48Statesc Alaska Total

1973 Average .................. 9,010 198 9,208 1,738 10,946 NA 453 6,256 231 6,025 135 18 17,308

1975 Average .................. 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 NA 460 6,056 209 5,846 32 41 16,322

1980 Average .................. 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 NA 597 6,909 544 6,365 140 64 17,056

1985 Average .................. 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 NA 557 5,067 781 4,286 -103 200 15,726

1990 Average .................. 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 NA 683 8,018 857 7,161 107 338 16,988

1995 Average .................. 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 NA 774 8,835 949 7,886 -246 496 17,725

1996 Average .................. 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 NA 837 9,478 981 8,498 -151 528 18,309

1997 Average .................. 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 NA 850 10,162 1,003 9,158 143 487 18,620

1998 Average .................. 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 NA 886 10,708 945 9,764 239 495 18,917

1999 Average .................. 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 NA 886 10,852 940 9,912 -422 567 19,519

2000 Average .................. 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 NA 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 -69 532 19,701

2001 Average .................. 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 NA 903 11,871 971 10,900 325 501 19,649

2002 Average .................. 4,761 984 5,746 1,880 7,626 NA 957 11,530 984 10,546 -105 527 19,761

2003 Average .................. 4,706 974 5,681 1,719 7,400 NA 974 12,264 1,027 11,238 56 478 20,034

2004 Average .................. 4,510 908 5,419 1,809 7,228 NA 1,051 13,145 1,048 12,097 209 564 20,731

2005 Average .................. 4,314 864 5,178 1,717 6,895 NA 989 13,714 1,165 12,549 145 513 20,802

2006 Average .................. 4,361 741 5,102 1,739 6,841 NA 994 13,707 1,317 12,390 60 522 20,687

2007 Average .................. 4,342 722 5,064 1,783 6,847 NA 996 13,468 1,433 12,036 -148 653 20,680

2008 January .................... 4,389 711 5,100 1,791 6,891 NA 1,071 13,568 1,620 11,949 361 699 20,247

 February .................. 4,416 706 5,122 1,845 6,967 NA 962 12,660 1,848 10,812 -446 841 20,029

 March ....................... 4,424 726 5,151 1,875 7,026 NA 929 12,598 1,807 10,791 -287 799 19,831

 April ......................... 4,416 701 5,117 1,885 7,002 NA 938 13,331 1,739 11,593 389 672 19,815

 May .......................... 4,417 685 5,102 1,885 6,987 NA 1,067 12,902 1,793 11,109 248 883 19,798

 June ......................... 4,443 655 5,098 1,836 6,934 NA 1,014 13,398 2,146 11,252 397 875 19,678

 July .......................... 4,493 640 5,133 1,861 6,994 NA 1,031 13,124 2,051 11,073 390 849 19,557

 August ..................... 4,349 544 4,894 1,815 6,708 NA 1,044 13,118 2,053 11,064 403 859 19,272

 September ............... 3,249 681 3,930 1,514 5,444 NA 865 11,562 1,323 10,239 -206 1,084 17,839

 October .................... 3,953 716 4,669 1,749 6,418 NA 1,016 13,202 1,658 11,545 213 932 19,698

 November ................ 4,296 728 5,024 1,740 6,764 NA 1,000 12,881 1,720 11,160 700 827 19,052

 December ................ 4,354 702 5,056 1,607 6,663 NA 970 12,607 1,856 10,751 152 910 19,142

 Average .................. 4,268 683 4,950 1,784 6,734 NA 993 12,915 1,802 11,114 195 852 19,498

2009 January .................... 4,475 679 5,154 1,711 6,865 663 950 13,127 1,922 11,205 933 290 19,040

 February .................. 4,552 708 5,260 1,824 7,083 686 931 12,095 1,808 10,287 394 229 18,822

 March ....................... 4,518 709 5,227 1,891 7,118 684 912 12,446 1,838 10,609 839 236 18,719

 April ......................... 4,621 653 5,273 1,888 7,161 681 982 11,962 1,900 10,061 445 231 18,672

 May .......................... 4,701 678 5,379 1,954 7,333 714 974 11,477 2,015 9,461 488 217 18,211

 June ......................... 4,711 571 5,281 1,927 7,208 741 1,038 11,936 1,963 9,973 441 308 18,828

 July .......................... 4,851 551 5,402 1,908 7,310 773 986 11,830 2,348 9,482 180 256 18,626

 August ..................... 4,846 572 5,418 1,920 7,337 783 1,003 11,183 2,119 9,064 -525 238 18,949

 September ............... 4,895 652 5,547 1,962 7,509 771 1,027 11,756 2,105 9,651 488 124 18,594

 October .................... 4,842 658 5,501 1,976 7,477 785 961 10,878 2,223 8,655 -748 177 18,803

 November ................ 4,765 662 5,427 1,996 7,423 833 945 11,105 2,029 9,076 -374 103 18,753

 December ................ 4,796 655 5,451 1,959 7,411 838 1,030 10,534 1,996 8,538 -1,213 208 19,237

 Average .................. 4,715 645 5,361 1,910 7,270 746 979 11,691 2,024 9,667 109 218 18,771

2010 January .................... E 4,792 E 640 E 5,433 1,910 E 7,343 838 932 11,236 1,883 9,352 172 234 18,528

 February .................. E 4,830 E 635 E 5,465 1,979 E 7,444 857 1,065 11,148 2,012 9,136 -100 258 18,860

 March ....................... E 4,856 E 646 E 5,502 2,003 E 7,505 889 1,064 11,588 2,108 9,480 24 157 19,070

 April ......................... E 4,856 E 640 E 5,496 1,980 E 7,475 864 1,025 12,508 2,389 10,119 831 259 18,910

 May .......................... E 4,899 E 569 E 5,468 2,019 E 7,486 893 1,066 12,100 2,369 9,731 617 267 18,827

 June ......................... RE 4,933 RE 533 RE 5,465 R 1,965 RE 7,430 R 905 R 1,074 R 12,339 R 2,273 R 10,066 R 507 R 345 R 19,314

 July .......................... E 4,880 E 541 E 5,421 E 1,991 E 7,413 E 887 E 1,087 E 12,509 E 2,095 E 10,414 E 758 E 301 E 19,343

 August ..................... E 4,910 E 556 E 5,467 E 2,010 E 7,477 E 908 E 1,055 E 12,384 E 2,071 E 10,313 E 598 E 447 E 19,602

 8-Month Average ... E 4,870 E 595 E 5,464 E 1,982 E 7,447 E 880 E 1,046 E 11,983 E 2,150 E 9,833 E 430 E 284 E 19,059

2009 8-Month Average ... 4,661 639 5,300 1,878 7,178 716 972 12,006 1,992 10,015 399 251 18,732

2008 8-Month Average ... 4,418 671 5,089 1,849 6,938 NA 1,008 13,089 1,882 11,207 185 810 19,776

a Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas liquids (liquefied petroleum

gases, pentanes plus, and a small amount of finished petroleum products)

production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what was previously

classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending

components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in

"Adjustments." b Includes lease condensate. c United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. d Natural gas plant liquids. e See Note 6, “Petroleum Data Discrepancies,” at end of section. f Renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production.

g Refinery and blender net production minus refinery and blender net inputs. 

See Table 3.2.

h Includes Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. See Table 3.3b. i Net imports equal imports minus exports. j A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates

an increase. The current month stock change estimate is based on the change

from the previous month’s estimate, rather than the stocks values shown in Table

3.4. Includes crude oil stocks in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, but excludes

distillate fuel oil stocks in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. See Table 3.4. Also

see Note 4, “Petroleum New Stock Basis,” at end of section. k An adjustment for crude oil, hydrogen, oxygenates, renewable fuels, other

hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blending components, finished motor gasoline, and

distillate fuel oil. See U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum

Supply Monthly, Appendix B, "PSM Explanatory Notes," for further information.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: EIA, Energy Data Reports,

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2009: EIA, Petroleum

Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2010: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly

reports; and, for the current two months, Weekly Petroleum Status Report data

system and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
Figure 3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production

(Million Barrels per Day)

Net Inputs and Net Production, 1973-2009 Net Inputs and Net Production, Monthly

Net Production, Selected Products, 1973-2009 Net Production, Selected Products, Monthly

Net Production, Selected Products

38 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

5

10

15

20

25

Total

 Net

 Inputs

Total Net Production

2008 2009 2010

Other Net Inputsb

Crude Oil Net Inputsa

Crude Oil Net Inputsa

Total Net Production

Total

Net

 Inputs

Other Net Inputsb

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

10

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

Distillate Fuel Oild

Jet Fuele

Residual Fuel Oil

Motor Gasolinec

Distillate Fuel Oild

2008 2009 2010

Jet Fuele

Residual Fuel Oil

Motor Gasolinec

a

Includes lease condensate.

b

Natural gas plant liquids and other liquids.

c

Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

d

Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

blended into distillate fuel oil.

e

Beginning in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only.

f

Includes propylene.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Source: Table 3.2. 

9.3

4.3

1.4

0.4 0.5

8.9

4.0

1.4

0.6 0.6

8.5

4.5

1.6

0.6 0.5

Motor Distillate Jet Fuel Residual Propane

0

2

4

6

8

10

August 2008 August 2009 August 2010

Gasolinec

Fuel Oild Fuel Oil

e f
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 39

Table 3.2 Refinery and Blender Net Inputs and Net Production

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Refinery and Blender Net Inputsa Refinery and Blender Net Productionb

Crude

Oild NGPLe OtherLiquidsf Total

Distillate

Fuel Oilg

Jet

Fuelh

LPGc

Motor

Gasolinej

Residual

Fuel Oil

Other

Products Propane k Total i Total

1973 Average .................... 12,431 815 155 13,401 2,820 859 271 375 6,527 971 2,301 13,854

1975 Average .................... 12,442 710 72 13,225 2,653 871 234 311 6,518 1,235 2,097 13,685

1980 Average .................... 13,481 462 81 14,025 2,661 999 269 330 6,492 1,580 2,559 14,622

1985 Average .................... 12,002 509 681 13,192 2,686 1,189 295 391 6,419 882 2,183 13,750

1990 Average .................... 13,409 467 713 14,589 2,925 1,488 404 499 6,959 950 2,452 15,272

1995 Average .................... 13,973 471 775 15,220 3,155 1,416 503 654 7,459 788 2,522 15,994

1996 Average .................... 14,195 450 843 15,487 3,316 1,515 520 662 7,565 726 2,541 16,324

1997 Average .................... 14,662 416 832 15,909 3,392 1,554 565 691 7,743 708 2,671 16,759

1998 Average .................... 14,889 403 853 16,144 3,424 1,526 550 674 7,892 762 2,753 17,030

1999 Average .................... 14,804 372 927 16,103 3,399 1,565 569 684 7,934 698 2,709 16,989

2000 Average .................... 15,067 380 849 16,295 3,580 1,606 583 705 7,951 696 2,705 17,243

2001 Average .................... 15,128 429 825 16,382 3,695 1,530 556 667 8,022 721 2,651 17,285

2002 Average .................... 14,947 429 941 16,316 3,592 1,514 572 671 8,183 601 2,712 17,273

2003 Average .................... 15,304 419 791 16,513 3,707 1,488 570 658 8,194 660 2,780 17,487

2004 Average .................... 15,475 422 866 16,762 3,814 1,547 584 645 8,265 655 2,887 17,814

2005 Average .................... 15,220 441 1,149 16,811 3,954 1,546 540 573 8,318 628 2,782 17,800

2006 Average .................... 15,242 501 1,238 16,981 4,040 1,481 543 627 8,364 635 2,827 17,975

2007 Average .................... 15,156 505 1,337 16,999 4,133 1,448 562 655 8,358 673 2,728 17,994

2008 January ...................... 14,804 540 1,414 16,758 4,130 1,535 569 478 8,516 588 2,582 17,829

 February .................... 14,625 502 1,538 16,665 3,980 1,467 535 507 8,495 643 2,536 17,627

 March ......................... 14,364 461 1,901 16,727 3,953 1,475 526 676 8,373 662 2,518 17,656

 April ........................... 14,799 449 2,279 17,527 4,287 1,492 520 809 8,560 710 2,607 18,465

 May ............................ 15,263 445 2,211 17,919 4,459 1,558 546 878 8,700 734 2,658 18,986

 June ........................... 15,417 435 2,183 18,036 4,587 1,605 544 867 8,564 695 2,731 19,050

 July ............................ 15,255 439 2,144 17,838 4,523 1,647 534 837 8,523 584 2,754 18,869

 August ....................... 14,947 413 2,236 17,596 4,466 1,609 526 814 8,513 579 2,660 18,641

 September ................. 12,759 409 2,040 15,208 3,681 1,312 420 513 7,855 485 2,227 16,073

 October ...................... 14,552 563 2,162 17,277 4,435 1,401 503 460 8,889 575 2,533 18,293

 November .................. 14,606 576 1,925 17,107 4,489 1,425 515 369 8,722 588 2,516 18,108

 December .................. 14,352 589 2,178 17,119 4,511 1,383 489 341 8,850 597 2,406 18,089

 Average .................... 14,648 485 2,019 17,153 4,294 1,493 519 630 8,548 620 2,561 18,146

2009 January ...................... 14,146 552 1,777 16,476 4,284 1,409 479 383 8,445 585 2,321 17,426

 February .................... 14,134 493 1,883 16,509 4,231 1,391 483 471 8,408 571 2,367 17,440

 March ......................... 14,118 447 2,089 16,654 3,939 1,373 519 618 8,646 583 2,407 17,566

 April ........................... 14,382 416 2,264 17,062 4,132 1,432 542 782 8,724 475 2,499 18,044

 May ............................ 14,483 432 2,266 17,181 4,093 1,378 554 798 8,793 605 2,488 18,155

 June ........................... 14,850 429 2,323 17,602 4,047 1,404 566 847 9,068 613 2,662 18,641

 July ............................ 14,636 437 2,279 17,352 3,929 1,515 554 809 8,952 586 2,546 18,337

 August ....................... 14,593 404 2,218 17,214 3,965 1,389 554 838 8,856 631 2,537 18,218

 September ................. 14,710 482 1,825 17,018 4,099 1,396 559 624 8,829 604 2,493 18,045

 October ...................... 14,095 545 1,933 16,573 3,984 1,291 527 476 8,770 672 2,341 17,535

 November .................. 13,898 609 2,051 16,558 4,018 1,311 550 379 8,905 624 2,264 17,502

 December .................. 13,983 580 2,066 16,629 3,877 1,465 554 442 9,006 624 2,246 17,660

 Average .................... 14,336 485 2,082 16,904 4,048 1,396 537 623 8,786 598 2,431 17,882

2010 January ...................... 13,671 497 1,482 15,650 3,563 1,339 529 465 8,327 625 2,262 16,581

 February .................... 13,967 405 1,623 15,995 3,670 1,343 562 535 8,489 630 2,392 17,060

 March ......................... 14,302 397 2,161 16,860 3,833 1,377 575 710 8,910 576 2,519 17,925

 April ........................... 15,120 363 2,123 17,607 4,152 1,468 585 841 9,053 593 2,525 18,631

 May ............................ 15,219 385 2,282 17,886 4,375 1,449 567 840 9,059 611 2,618 18,952

 June ........................... R 15,389 R 384 R 2,305 R 18,078 R 4,416 R 1,495 R 572 R 856 R 9,165 R 556 R 2,665 R 19,152

 July ............................ E 15,468 RF 387 RE 2,411 RF 18,266 E 4,410 E 1,529 RE 503 F 820 E 9,377 E 438 RE 2,778 RE 19,352

 August ....................... E 14,985 F 395 E 2,431 F 17,811 E 4,316 E 1,430 E 499 F 829 E 9,276 E 427 E 2,588 E 18,866

 8-Month Average ..... E 14,771 E 402 E 2,107 E 17,280 E 4,096 E 1,429 E 549 E 739 E 8,962 E 556 E 2,545 E 18,326

2009 8-Month Average ..... 14,420 451 2,139 17,010 4,075 1,412 532 695 8,739 582 2,479 17,982

2008 8-Month Average ..... 14,936 460 1,990 17,386 4,300 1,549 538 734 8,530 649 2,631 18,394

a See "Refinery and Blender Net Inputs," in Glossary. b See "Refinery and Blender Net Production," in Glossary. c Liquefied petroleum gases. d Includes lease condensate. e Natural gas plant liquids (liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus). f Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Beginning in 1981,

also includes aviation and motor gasoline blending components (net). Beginning in

1993, also includes oxygenates (net), including fuel ethanol. Beginning in 2009,

also includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel).

g Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

blended into distillate fuel oil.

h Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in

2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in

"Other Products." i Includes propylene.

j Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline. 

k Asphalt and road oil, finished aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and

miscellaneous products. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. • 1981-2009: Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2010: EIA,

Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months,

Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting

System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
Figure 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

Overview, June 2010

Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf Imports From OPEC and Persian Gulf

as Share of Total Imports, 1973-2009 as Share of Total Imports, January-June

Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied, Net Imports as Share of Products Supplied,

1973-2009 January-August

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Source: Table 3.3a.

40 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Persian Gulf OPEC Imports Imports Supplied

2.0

5.3

12.3

2.3

10.1

19.3

Imports From Imports From Total Exports Net Products

0

5

10

15

20

25

Million Barrels per Day

OPEC

47.8%

(1973)

13.6%

(1973)

Persian Gulf

OPEC

47.8%

(1973)

13.6%

(1973)

Persian Gulf 14.4%

(2009)

40.9%

(2009)

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20

40

60

80

Percent

18.6

14.9 15.2

46.4

40.9 42.1

2008 2009 2010

0

20

40

60

Percent

OPEC Persian Gulf

27.3%

(1985)

51.5%

(2009)

34.8%

(1973)

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

25

50

75

Percent

56.7

53.5 51.6

2008 2009 2010

0

25

50

75

Percent
 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 41

Table 3.3a Petroleum Trade: Overview

Imports

From

Persian

Gulfa

Imports

From

OPECb Imports Exports

Net

Imports

Products

Supplied

As Share of

Products Supplied

As Share of

Total Imports

Imports

From

Persian

Gulfa

Imports

From

OPECb Imports

Net

Imports

Imports

From

Persian

Gulfa

Imports

From

OPECb

Thousand Barrels per Day Percent

1973 Average .................... 848 2,993 6,256 231 6,025 17,308 4.9 17.3 36.1 34.8 13.6 47.8

1975 Average .................... 1,165 3,601 6,056 209 5,846 16,322 7.1 22.1 37.1 35.8 19.2 59.5

1980 Average .................... 1,519 4,300 6,909 544 6,365 17,056 8.9 25.2 40.5 37.3 22.0 62.2

1985 Average .................... 311 1,830 5,067 781 4,286 15,726 2.0 11.6 32.2 27.3 6.1 36.1

1990 Average .................... 1,966 4,296 8,018 857 7,161 16,988 11.6 25.3 47.2 42.2 24.5 53.6

1995 Average .................... 1,573 4,002 8,835 949 7,886 17,725 8.9 22.6 49.8 44.5 17.8 45.3

1996 Average .................... 1,604 4,211 9,478 981 8,498 18,309 8.8 23.0 51.8 46.4 16.9 44.4

1997 Average .................... 1,755 4,569 10,162 1,003 9,158 18,620 9.4 24.5 54.6 49.2 17.3 45.0

1998 Average .................... 2,136 4,905 10,708 945 9,764 18,917 11.3 25.9 56.6 51.6 19.9 45.8

1999 Average .................... 2,464 4,953 10,852 940 9,912 19,519 12.6 25.4 55.6 50.8 22.7 45.6

2000 Average .................... 2,488 5,203 11,459 1,040 10,419 19,701 12.6 26.4 58.2 52.9 21.7 45.4

2001 Average .................... 2,761 5,528 11,871 971 10,900 19,649 14.1 28.1 60.4 55.5 23.3 46.6

2002 Average .................... 2,269 4,605 11,530 984 10,546 19,761 11.5 23.3 58.3 53.4 19.7 39.9

2003 Average .................... 2,501 5,162 12,264 1,027 11,238 20,034 12.5 25.8 61.2 56.1 20.4 42.1

2004 Average .................... 2,493 5,701 13,145 1,048 12,097 20,731 12.0 27.5 63.4 58.4 19.0 43.4

2005 Average .................... 2,334 5,587 13,714 1,165 12,549 20,802 11.2 26.9 65.9 60.3 17.0 40.7

2006 Average .................... 2,211 5,517 13,707 1,317 12,390 20,687 10.7 26.7 66.3 59.9 16.1 40.2

2007 Average .................... 2,163 5,980 13,468 1,433 12,036 20,680 10.5 28.9 65.1 58.2 16.1 44.4

2008 January ...................... 2,307 6,415 13,568 1,620 11,949 20,247 11.4 31.7 67.0 59.0 17.0 47.3

 February .................... 2,663 5,834 12,660 1,848 10,812 20,029 13.3 29.1 63.2 54.0 21.0 46.1

 March ......................... 2,518 5,934 12,598 1,807 10,791 19,831 12.7 29.9 63.5 54.4 20.0 47.1

 April ........................... 2,323 6,262 13,331 1,739 11,593 19,815 11.7 31.6 67.3 58.5 17.4 47.0

 May ............................ 2,450 5,931 12,902 1,793 11,109 19,798 12.4 30.0 65.2 56.1 19.0 46.0

 June ........................... 2,363 6,054 13,398 2,146 11,252 19,678 12.0 30.8 68.1 57.2 17.6 45.2

 July ............................ 2,507 6,125 13,124 2,051 11,073 19,557 12.8 31.3 67.1 56.6 19.1 46.7

 August ....................... 2,438 6,391 13,118 2,053 11,064 19,272 12.7 33.2 68.1 57.4 18.6 48.7

 September ................. 2,086 5,127 11,562 1,323 10,239 17,839 11.7 28.7 64.8 57.4 18.0 44.3

 October ...................... 2,304 5,875 13,202 1,658 11,545 19,698 11.7 29.8 67.0 58.6 17.5 44.5

 November .................. 2,283 5,799 12,881 1,720 11,160 19,052 12.0 30.4 67.6 58.6 17.7 45.0

 December .................. 2,208 5,679 12,607 1,856 10,751 19,142 11.5 29.7 65.9 56.2 17.5 45.0

 Average .................... 2,370 5,954 12,915 1,802 11,114 19,498 12.2 30.5 66.2 57.0 18.4 46.1

2009 January ...................... 2,218 5,689 13,127 1,922 11,205 19,040 11.6 29.9 68.9 58.9 16.9 43.3

 February .................... 1,974 4,958 12,095 1,808 10,287 18,822 10.5 26.3 64.3 54.7 16.3 41.0

 March ......................... 1,823 5,212 12,446 1,838 10,609 18,719 9.7 27.8 66.5 56.7 14.6 41.9

 April ........................... 1,735 4,803 11,962 1,900 10,061 18,672 9.3 25.7 64.1 53.9 14.5 40.2

 May ............................ 1,548 4,372 11,477 2,015 9,461 18,211 8.5 24.0 63.0 52.0 13.5 38.1

 June ........................... 1,602 4,825 11,936 1,963 9,973 18,828 8.5 25.6 63.4 53.0 13.4 40.4

 July ............................ 1,730 4,554 11,830 2,348 9,482 18,626 9.3 24.4 63.5 50.9 14.6 38.5

 August ....................... 1,428 4,530 11,183 2,119 9,064 18,949 7.5 23.9 59.0 47.8 12.8 40.5

 September ................. 1,718 5,052 11,756 2,105 9,651 18,594 9.2 27.2 63.2 51.9 14.6 43.0

 October ...................... 1,545 4,581 10,878 2,223 8,655 18,803 8.2 24.4 57.9 46.0 14.2 42.1

 November .................. 1,606 4,585 11,105 2,029 9,076 18,753 8.6 24.5 59.2 48.4 14.5 41.3

 December .................. 1,362 4,171 10,534 1,996 8,538 19,237 7.1 21.7 54.8 44.4 12.9 39.6

 Average .................... 1,689 4,776 11,691 2,024 9,667 18,771 9.0 25.4 62.3 51.5 14.4 40.9

2010 January ...................... 1,546 4,503 11,236 1,883 9,352 18,528 8.3 24.3 60.6 50.5 13.8 40.1

 February .................... 1,666 4,587 11,148 2,012 9,136 18,860 8.8 24.3 59.1 48.4 14.9 41.1

 March ......................... 1,842 5,068 11,588 2,108 9,480 19,070 9.7 26.6 60.8 49.7 15.9 43.7

 April ........................... 2,026 5,414 12,508 2,389 10,119 18,910 10.7 28.6 66.1 53.5 16.2 43.3

 May ............................ 1,724 5,024 12,100 2,369 9,731 18,827 9.2 26.7 64.3 51.7 14.3 41.5

 June ........................... R 1,972 R 5,263 R 12,339 R 2,273 R 10,066 R 19,314 R 10.2 R 27.2 R 63.9 R 52.1 R 16.0 R 42.7

 July ............................ NA NA E 12,509 E 2,095 E 10,414 E 19,343 NA NA E 64.7 E 53.8 NA NA

 August ....................... NA NA E 12,384 E 2,071 E 10,313 E 19,602 NA NA E 63.2 E 52.6 NA NA

 8-Month Average ..... NA NA E 11,983 E 2,150 E 9,833 E 19,059 NA NA E 62.9 E 51.6 NA NA

2009 8-Month Average ..... 1,755 4,867 12,006 1,992 10,015 18,732 9.4 26.0 64.1 53.5 14.6 40.5

2008 8-Month Average ..... 2,445 6,120 13,089 1,882 11,207 19,776 12.4 30.9 66.2 56.7 18.7 46.8

a Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). b See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 

See Table 3.3c for notes on which countries are included in the data.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Readers of this table may be interested in a feature article, "Measuring

Dependence on Imported Oil," that was published in the August 1995 Monthly

Energy Review. See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/pdf/pages/imported_oil.pdf. •

Beginning in October 1977, data include Strategic Petroleum Reserve imports. See

Table 3.3b. • Annual averages may not equal average of months due to

independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States and the

District of Columbia. U.S. exports include shipments to U.S. territories, and imports

include receipts from U.S. territories.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. • 1981-2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2010: 

EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months,

Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and Monthly Energy Review data

system calculations.
Figure 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports

(Million Barrels per Day)

Total, 1973-2009 Crude Oil and Petroleum Products,

 January-August

OPEC and Non-OPEC, 1973-2009 OPEC and Non-OPEC

From Selected OPEC Countries, June 2010 From Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 

 June 2010

Note: OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Sources: Tables 3.3b–3.3d.

42 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

5.3

7.1

4.8

7.1

6.1

7.3

OPEC Non-OPEC

0

2

4

6

8

10 June 2008

June 2009

June 2010

Total

Crude Oil

Petroleum Products

9.4

2.6

9.2

2.8

9.9

3.2

Crude Oil Petroleum Products

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2008 2009 2010

Non-OPEC

OPEC

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

2.711

1.208

0.760

0.407 0.308

Canada Mexico Russia Colombia Brazil

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1.125 1.108

0.899

0.630 0.550

Saudi Nigeria Venez- Iraq Algeria

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Arabia zuela
 

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 43

Table 3.3b Petroleum Trade: Imports and Exports by Type

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Imports Exports

Crude Oila

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuele

LPGb

Motor

Gasolineg

Residual

Fuel Oil Otherh Total

Crude

Oila Petroleum

SPR Products Total c,d Total Propanef Total

1973 Average .............. – – 3,244 392 212 71 132 134 1,853 290 6,256 2 229 231

1975 Average .............. – – 4,105 155 133 60 112 184 1,223 144 6,056 6 204 209

1980 Average .............. 44 5,263 142 80 69 216 140 939 130 6,909 287 258 544

1985 Average .............. 118 3,201 200 39 67 187 381 510 550 5,067 204 577 781

1990 Average .............. 27 5,894 278 108 115 188 342 504 705 8,018 109 748 857

1995 Average .............. 0 7,230 193 106 102 146 265 187 708 8,835 95 855 949

1996 Average .............. 0 7,508 230 111 119 166 336 248 879 9,478 110 871 981

1997 Average .............. 0 8,225 228 91 113 169 309 194 945 10,162 108 896 1,003

1998 Average .............. 0 8,706 210 124 137 194 311 275 888 10,708 110 835 945

1999 Average .............. 8 8,731 250 128 122 182 382 237 943 10,852 118 822 940

2000 Average .............. 8 9,071 295 162 161 215 427 352 938 11,459 50 990 1,040

2001 Average .............. 11 9,328 344 148 145 206 454 295 1,095 11,871 20 951 971

2002 Average .............. 16 9,140 267 107 145 183 498 249 1,085 11,530 9 975 984

2003 Average .............. 0 9,665 333 109 168 225 518 327 1,087 12,264 12 1,014 1,027

2004 Average .............. 77 10,088 325 127 209 263 496 426 1,419 13,145 27 1,021 1,048

2005 Average .............. 52 10,126 329 190 233 328 603 530 1,609 13,714 32 1,133 1,165

2006 Average .............. 8 10,118 365 186 228 332 475 350 1,881 13,707 25 1,292 1,317

2007 Average .............. 7 10,031 304 217 182 247 413 372 1,885 13,468 27 1,405 1,433

2008 January ................ 17 10,082 309 156 263 327 381 435 1,879 13,568 12 1,608 1,620

 February .............. 0 9,636 249 106 214 288 354 308 1,719 12,660 20 1,828 1,848

 March ................... 35 9,636 249 110 218 252 374 416 1,561 12,598 29 1,778 1,807

 April ..................... 17 9,979 266 180 155 232 386 361 1,927 13,331 14 1,725 1,739

 May ...................... 94 9,664 188 140 164 225 383 351 1,951 12,902 19 1,774 1,793

 June ..................... 43 10,018 180 91 99 186 461 383 2,080 13,398 22 2,124 2,146

 July ...................... 26 10,132 181 72 130 194 323 282 1,940 13,124 29 2,022 2,051

 August ................. 0 10,324 109 76 186 306 205 334 1,763 13,118 40 2,013 2,053

 September ........... 0 8,447 195 88 186 268 253 289 2,023 11,562 39 1,283 1,323

 October ................ 0 10,086 166 98 179 225 239 355 2,033 13,202 43 1,615 1,658

 November ............ 0 9,944 203 47 196 250 115 285 2,036 12,881 31 1,690 1,720

 December ............ 0 9,419 262 68 229 281 148 383 2,045 12,607 46 1,810 1,856

 Average .............. 19 9,783 213 103 185 253 302 349 1,913 12,915 29 1,773 1,802

2009 January ................ 33 9,779 368 89 223 253 236 424 1,978 13,127 36 1,885 1,922

 February .............. 34 9,074 327 71 207 234 263 349 1,776 12,095 30 1,778 1,808

 March ................... 221 9,378 269 92 218 249 274 381 1,804 12,446 30 1,807 1,838

 April ..................... 154 9,374 166 90 124 164 227 396 1,545 11,962 27 1,874 1,900

 May ...................... 52 8,797 206 66 105 172 244 341 1,650 11,477 53 1,962 2,015

 June ..................... 77 9,135 245 65 70 98 218 363 1,812 11,936 57 1,906 1,963

 July ...................... – 9,094 191 102 100 128 230 268 1,818 11,830 31 2,317 2,348

 August ................. 16 8,814 166 92 63 105 304 256 1,446 11,183 35 2,084 2,119

 September ........... 32 9,254 205 91 95 124 142 309 1,631 11,756 42 2,063 2,105

 October ................ – 8,566 177 84 145 182 161 303 1,404 10,878 72 2,151 2,223

 November ............ 35 8,740 164 71 206 238 149 282 1,462 11,105 46 1,983 2,029

 December ............ 16 8,170 224 55 212 241 232 307 1,305 10,534 65 1,931 1,996

 Average .............. 56 9,013 225 81 147 182 223 331 1,635 11,691 44 1,980 2,024

2010 January ................ – 8,454 429 150 191 216 179 373 1,433 11,236 33 1,851 1,883

 February .............. – 8,680 293 75 216 234 196 378 1,291 11,148 58 1,954 2,012

 March ................... – 9,292 179 74 136 149 120 395 1,378 11,588 45 2,063 2,108

 April ..................... – 9,741 201 74 78 101 178 474 1,739 12,508 37 2,352 2,389

 May ...................... – 9,622 191 63 81 108 107 404 1,606 12,100 36 2,333 2,369

 June ..................... R – R 9,872 R 237 R 79 R 69 R 109 R 163 R 279 R 1,599 R 12,339 R 31 R 2,242 R 2,273

 July ...................... NA E 9,954 E 178 E 73 E 61 NA E 109 E 350 NA E 12,509 E 33 E 2,062 E 2,095

 August ................. NA E 9,532 E 231 E 80 E 62 NA E 105 E 368 NA E 12,384 E 32 E 2,039 E 2,071

 8-Month Average NA E 9,399 E 242 E 84 E 111 NA E 144 E 378 NA E 11,983 E 38 E 2,112 E 2,150

2009 8-Month Average 73 9,181 241 84 138 175 250 347 1,729 12,006 37 1,954 1,992

2008 8-Month Average 29 9,936 216 116 179 251 358 359 1,852 13,089 23 1,859 1,882

a Includes lease condensate. b Liquefied petroleum gases. c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.

Through 2003, includes crude oil imports by SPR only; beginning in 2004, includes

crude oil imports by SPR, and crude oil imports into SPR by others.

d See Note 6, "Petroleum Data Discrepancies," at end of section. e Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning

in 2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in

"Other." f Includes propylene.

g Finished motor gasoline. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline

blending components.

h Asphalt and road oil, finished aviation gasoline, gasoline blending

components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,

petroleum coke, special naphthas, unfinished oils, waxes, other hydrocarbons and

oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 2005, also includes

naphtha-type jet fuel. 

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. – =No data

reported. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. • 1981-2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2010: 

EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months,

Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system and Monthly Energy Review data

system calculations.
44 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 3.3c Petroleum Trade: Imports From OPEC Countries

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Algeria Angolaa Ecuadorb Iraq Kuwaitc Libya Nigeria

Saudi

Arabiac

Venezuela OtherdTotal

OPEC

1973 Average ...................... 136 a ( ) 48 4 47 164 459 486 1,135 514 2,993

1975 Average ...................... 282 a ( ) 57 2 16 232 762 715 702 832 3,601

1980 Average ...................... 488 a ( ) 27 28 27 554 857 1,261 481 577 4,300

1985 Average ...................... 187 a ( ) 67 46 21 4 293 168 605 439 1,830

1990 Average ...................... 280 a ( ) 49 518 86 0 800 1,339 1,025 199 4,296

1995 Average ...................... 234 a ( ) b ( ) 0 218 0 627 1,344 1,480 98 4,002

1996 Average ...................... 256 a ( ) b ( ) 1 236 0 617 1,363 1,676 62 4,211

1997 Average ...................... 285 a ( ) b ( ) 89 253 0 698 1,407 1,773 64 4,569

1998 Average ...................... 290 a ( ) b ( ) 336 301 0 696 1,491 1,719 73 4,905

1999 Average ...................... 259 a ( ) b ( ) 725 248 0 657 1,478 1,493 93 4,953

2000 Average ...................... 225 a ( ) b ( ) 620 272 0 896 1,572 1,546 72 5,203

2001 Average ...................... 278 a ( ) b ( ) 795 250 0 885 1,662 1,553 105 5,528

2002 Average ...................... 264 a ( ) b ( ) 459 228 0 621 1,552 1,398 83 4,605

2003 Average ...................... 382 a ( ) b ( ) 481 220 0 867 1,774 1,376 61 5,162

2004 Average ...................... 452 a ( ) b ( ) 656 250 20 1,140 1,558 1,554 70 5,701

2005 Average ...................... 478 a ( ) b ( ) 531 243 56 1,166 1,537 1,529 47 5,587

2006 Average ...................... 657 a ( ) b ( ) 553 185 87 1,114 1,463 1,419 38 5,517

2007 Average ...................... 670 508 b ( ) 484 181 117 1,134 1,485 1,361 39 5,980

2008 January ........................ 651 578 260 543 239 105 1,191 1,503 1,276 70 6,415

 February ...................... 380 351 186 780 272 87 1,025 1,608 1,131 14 5,834

 March ........................... 441 388 238 773 203 124 1,174 1,542 1,033 18 5,934

 April ............................. 632 591 170 679 181 133 1,221 1,462 1,189 4 6,262

 May .............................. 620 476 162 583 263 116 918 1,604 1,171 19 5,931

 June ............................. 492 649 184 693 183 117 1,016 1,464 1,215 43 6,054

 July .............................. 456 652 227 696 122 128 822 1,690 1,329 5 6,125

 August ......................... 530 495 298 663 203 113 1,166 1,573 1,305 47 6,391

 September ................... 657 416 233 543 110 63 591 1,431 1,051 32 5,127

 October ........................ 558 539 200 577 240 132 963 1,487 1,162 16 5,875

 November .................... 677 450 229 476 292 79 827 1,514 1,236 20 5,799

 December .................... 484 562 258 519 219 43 939 1,471 1,159 27 5,679

 Average ...................... 548 513 221 627 210 103 988 1,529 1,189 26 5,954

2009 January ........................ 720 541 278 568 242 64 524 1,362 1,353 38 5,689

 February ...................... 375 671 243 554 251 60 496 1,118 1,139 51 4,958

 March ........................... 463 653 215 587 181 61 891 967 1,106 88 5,212

 April ............................. 626 462 237 484 105 118 733 1,057 891 90 4,803

 May .............................. 272 505 193 295 106 99 626 1,102 1,141 33 4,372

 June ............................. 433 447 154 390 179 103 830 959 1,256 75 4,825

 July .............................. 383 320 198 321 187 69 879 1,046 976 176 4,554

 August ......................... 551 364 131 500 148 68 917 729 1,070 51 4,530

 September ................... 655 414 153 428 246 54 912 1,045 1,146 – 5,052

 October ........................ 491 450 180 499 104 91 869 943 955 – 4,581

 November .................... 400 431 155 461 287 140 980 858 874 – 4,585

 December .................... 544 278 86 325 160 23 1,029 877 849 – 4,171

 Average ...................... 493 460 185 450 182 79 809 1,004 1,063 50 4,776

2010 January ........................ 498 280 215 506 77 40 1,013 963 911 – 4,503

 February ...................... 461 326 152 540 228 40 932 898 1,009 – 4,587

 March ........................... 455 502 183 475 218 63 962 1,149 1,061 – 5,068

 April ............................. 464 508 179 490 278 163 1,125 1,257 950 – 5,414

 May .............................. 518 448 160 394 225 39 1,026 1,097 1,109 10 5,024

 June ............................. 550 425 211 630 217 98 1,108 1,125 899 – 5,263

 6-Month Average ....... 491 416 184 505 206 74 1,028 1,083 990 2 4,979

2009 6-Month Average ....... 483 546 220 479 176 84 685 1,094 1,149 62 4,979

2008 6-Month Average ....... 537 506 200 674 223 114 1,091 1,530 1,169 28 6,073

a Angola joined OPEC in January 2007. For 1973-2006, Angola is included in

"Total Non-OPEC" on Table 3.3d. b Ecuador was a member of OPEC from 1973-1992, and rejoined OPEC in

November 2007. For 1993-2007, Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" on

Table 3.3d.

c Imports from the Neutral Zone are reported as originating in either Saudi

Arabia or Kuwait depending on the country reported to U.S. Customs.

d For all years, includes Iran, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. For 1973-2008,

also includes Indonesia; and for 1975-1994, also includes Gabon.

– =No data reported. 

Notes: • See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in

Glossary. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on this table are included on

Table 3.3d. • The country of origin for petroleum products may not be the country

of origin for the crude oil from which the products were produced. For example,

refined products imported from West European refining areas may have been

produced from Middle East crude oil. • Includes imports for the Strategic

Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50

States and the District of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. • 1981-2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 45

Table 3.3d Petroleum Trade: Imports From Non-OPEC Countries

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Brazil Canada Colombia Mexico

Netherlands Norway RussiaaUnited

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands Other

Total

Non-OPEC

1973 Average ...................... 9 1,325 9 16 53 1 26 15 329 1,480 3,263

1975 Average ...................... 5 846 9 71 19 17 14 14 406 1,052 2,454

1980 Average ...................... 3 455 4 533 2 144 1 176 388 903 2,609

1985 Average ...................... 61 770 23 816 58 32 8 310 247 913 3,237

1990 Average ...................... 49 934 182 755 55 102 45 189 282 1,128 3,721

1995 Average ...................... 8 1,332 219 1,068 15 273 25 383 278 1,233 4,833

1996 Average ...................... 9 1,424 234 1,244 19 313 25 308 313 1,377 5,267

1997 Average ...................... 5 1,563 271 1,385 25 309 13 226 300 1,495 5,593

1998 Average ...................... 26 1,598 354 1,351 31 236 24 250 293 1,640 5,803

1999 Average ...................... 26 1,539 468 1,324 27 304 89 365 280 1,478 5,899

2000 Average ...................... 51 1,807 342 1,373 30 343 72 366 291 1,581 6,257

2001 Average ...................... 82 1,828 296 1,440 43 341 90 324 268 1,631 6,343

2002 Average ...................... 116 1,971 260 1,547 66 393 210 478 236 1,649 6,925

2003 Average ...................... 108 2,072 195 1,623 87 270 254 440 288 1,766 7,103

2004 Average ...................... 104 2,138 176 1,665 101 244 298 380 330 2,008 7,444

2005 Average ...................... 156 2,181 196 1,662 151 233 410 396 328 2,413 8,127

2006 Average ...................... 193 2,353 155 1,705 174 196 369 272 328 2,446 8,190

2007 Average ...................... 200 2,455 155 1,532 128 142 414 277 346 1,839 7,489

2008 January ........................ 225 2,654 198 1,308 94 86 392 213 383 1,600 7,153

 February ...................... 172 2,530 240 1,328 141 100 451 155 351 1,357 6,826

 March ........................... 191 2,563 165 1,359 129 80 402 218 289 1,268 6,664

 April ............................. 235 2,582 170 1,382 185 137 402 229 340 1,406 7,069

 May .............................. 338 2,367 278 1,220 199 183 460 237 340 1,347 6,971

 June ............................. 315 2,430 180 1,256 262 122 764 286 314 1,416 7,344

 July .............................. 275 2,417 192 1,292 152 94 572 187 294 1,524 6,999

 August ......................... 208 2,247 257 1,401 143 84 490 222 298 1,378 6,727

 September ................... 271 2,399 149 1,003 197 74 433 281 345 1,282 6,435

 October ........................ 354 2,585 200 1,434 176 70 394 386 267 1,463 7,328

 November .................... 286 2,534 176 1,406 138 114 445 245 338 1,403 7,082

 December .................... 225 2,604 198 1,228 203 80 382 176 289 1,543 6,928

 Average ...................... 258 2,493 200 1,302 168 102 465 236 320 1,416 6,961

2009 January ........................ 450 2,549 269 1,377 127 90 516 148 367 1,545 7,438

 February ...................... 381 2,529 241 1,364 189 74 472 281 337 1,269 7,137

 March ........................... 338 2,446 283 1,199 141 179 642 208 264 1,534 7,235

 April ............................. 278 2,287 347 1,289 117 112 759 401 290 1,278 7,158

 May .............................. 386 2,215 243 1,186 150 179 809 250 313 1,373 7,105

 June ............................. 299 2,538 313 1,190 157 173 618 268 276 1,279 7,111

 July .............................. 408 2,664 289 1,076 118 101 758 203 273 1,387 7,276

 August ......................... 275 2,523 269 1,159 160 52 505 225 223 1,263 6,653

 September ................... 268 2,358 301 1,271 122 59 486 295 280 1,263 6,703

 October ........................ 174 2,367 292 1,136 84 97 385 278 215 1,268 6,297

 November .................... 268 2,565 237 1,084 227 110 415 190 205 1,219 6,520

 December .................... 184 2,710 231 1,204 99 65 385 199 289 998 6,363

 Average ...................... 309 2,479 276 1,210 140 108 563 245 277 1,307 6,915

2010 January ........................ 353 2,593 322 1,131 116 126 463 282 308 1,039 6,733

 February ...................... 226 2,490 386 1,134 126 99 423 413 187 1,077 6,562

 March ........................... 302 2,517 251 1,265 136 59 488 267 228 1,008 6,520

 April ............................. 307 2,486 423 1,276 92 166 587 304 316 1,137 7,093

 May .............................. 320 2,527 315 1,428 108 119 719 176 193 1,172 7,076

 June ............................. 308 2,711 407 1,208 87 52 760 269 244 1,030 7,076

 6-Month Average ....... 304 2,555 349 1,242 111 103 575 283 247 1,077 6,845

2009 6-Month Average ....... 356 2,426 283 1,266 146 136 638 258 308 1,383 7,199

2008 6-Month Average ....... 247 2,521 205 1,308 168 118 478 223 336 1,399 7,004

a Through 1992, may include imports from republics other than Russia in the

former U.S.S.R. See "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)" in Glossary.

Notes: • See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in

Glossary for membership. Petroleum imports not classified as "OPEC" on Table

3.3c are included on this table. • The country of origin for petroleum products may

not be the country of origin for the crude oil from which the products were

produced. For example, refined products imported from West European refining

areas may have been produced from Middle East crude oil. • Includes imports for

the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977. • Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • U.S. geographic

coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. • 1981-2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2010: 

EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
Figure 3.4 Petroleum Stocks

(Billion Barrels, Except as Noted)

Overview, 1973-2009 Overview, Monthly

Total Stocks (Crude Oil and Petroleum Products) SPR and Non-SPR Crude Oil Stocks, 1973-2009

Selected Products

46 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Total

Crude Oil

Total

Petroleum Products

Crude Oil

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Petroleum Products

2008 2009 2010

1.711

1.834 1.870

August August August

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

250

500

750

Million Barrels

SPR

Non-SPR

 2008 2009 2010

a

 Includes propylene.

Notes: • SPR= Strategic Petroleum Reserve. • Stocks are at end of

period. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Source: Table 3.4. 

225

175

64

48

40

208

169

71

46

33

196

133

54

41 39

Motor Distillate Propane Jet Fuel Residual

0

50

100

150

200

250

Million Barrels

August 2008 August 2009 August 2010

a

 Gasoline Fuel Oil Fuel Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 47

Table 3.4 Petroleum Stocks

 (Million Barrels)

Crude Oila

Distillate

Fuel Oilf,g

Jet

Fuelh

LPGb

Motor

Gasolinef,j

Residual

Fuel Oilf Otherk Total SPRc Non-SPRd,e,f Totale,f Propanef,i Totalf f

1973 Year ..................... – – 242 242 196 29 65 99 209 53 179 1,008

1975 Year ..................... – – 271 271 209 30 82 125 235 74 188 1,133

1980 Year ..................... 108 358 466 205 42 65 120 261 92 205 1,392

1985 Year ..................... 493 321 814 144 40 39 74 223 50 174 1,519

1990 Year ..................... 586 323 908 132 52 49 98 220 49 162 1,621

1995 Year ..................... 592 303 895 130 40 43 93 202 37 165 1,563

1996 Year ..................... 566 284 850 127 40 43 86 195 46 164 1,507

1997 Year ..................... 563 305 868 138 44 44 89 210 40 169 1,560

1998 Year ..................... 571 324 895 156 45 65 115 216 45 176 1,647

1999 Year ..................... 567 284 852 125 41 43 89 193 36 157 1,493

2000 Year ..................... 541 286 826 118 45 41 83 196 36 164 1,468

2001 Year ..................... 550 312 862 145 42 66 121 210 41 166 1,586

2002 Year ..................... 599 278 877 134 39 53 106 209 31 152 1,548

2003 Year ..................... 638 269 907 137 39 50 94 207 38 147 1,568

2004 Year ..................... 676 286 961 126 40 55 104 218 42 153 1,645

2005 Year ..................... 685 324 1,008 136 42 57 109 208 37 157 1,698

2006 Year ..................... 689 312 1,001 144 39 62 113 212 42 169 1,720

2007 Year ..................... 697 286 983 134 39 52 96 218 39 156 1,665

2008 January ................ 698 296 995 131 41 39 77 233 39 160 1,677

 February .............. 699 302 1,001 118 40 29 65 235 39 165 1,664

 March ................... 700 315 1,015 108 39 26 64 222 40 167 1,655

 April ..................... 701 320 1,021 107 39 30 77 211 39 171 1,666

 May ...................... 704 304 1,008 114 40 38 92 208 40 172 1,674

 June ..................... 706 296 1,002 122 40 43 103 211 41 168 1,686

 July ...................... 707 295 1,002 131 41 48 113 207 37 167 1,698

 August ................. 707 303 1,010 133 41 54 127 196 39 165 1,711

 September ........... 702 304 1,006 128 38 59 137 190 39 167 1,704

 October ................ 702 313 1,014 128 38 60 133 195 39 163 1,711

 November ............ 702 322 1,023 136 38 61 126 204 39 166 1,732

 December ........... 702 326 1,028 146 38 55 113 214 36 162 1,737

2009 January ................ 704 351 1,055 144 41 46 98 220 34 174 1,766

 February .............. 706 358 1,063 148 43 40 89 216 38 178 1,777

 March ................... 713 367 1,080 145 43 40 91 217 38 188 1,803

 April ..................... 719 371 1,090 150 44 45 100 211 34 187 1,816

 May ...................... 722 360 1,081 157 45 56 117 204 38 189 1,831

 June ..................... 724 347 1,071 163 45 64 133 214 37 182 1,844

 July ...................... 724 345 1,070 166 47 70 145 212 35 175 1,850

 August ................. 724 336 1,060 169 46 71 153 208 33 165 1,834

 September ........... 725 335 1,060 173 46 75 156 214 35 164 1,848

 October ................ 725 333 1,058 171 44 72 146 211 35 161 1,825

 November ............ 726 337 1,063 171 42 63 123 220 36 158 1,814

 December ........... 727 325 1,052 166 43 50 102 223 37 153 1,776

2010 January ................ 727 334 1,061 163 44 35 80 232 40 162 1,781

 February .............. 727 340 1,067 155 44 28 70 233 41 169 1,779

 March ................... 727 355 1,082 146 42 28 73 224 41 172 1,779

 April ..................... 727 361 1,087 145 44 35 89 220 43 176 1,804

 May ...................... 727 358 1,085 150 45 42 106 216 46 176 1,823

 June ..................... 727 R 363 R 1,089 R 158 R 45 R 51 R 122 R 215 R 42 R 168 R 1,839

 July ...................... E 727 E 357 E 1,084 E 171 E 48 E 56 RF 133 E 223 E 40 RE 152 E 1,852

 August ................. E 727 E 360 E 1,087 E 175 E 48 E 64 F 145 E 225 E 40 E 150 E 1,870

a Includes lease condensate. b Liquefied petroleum gases. c "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in October 1977.

Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or

commercial storage agreements.

d All crude oil stocks other than those in “SPR.” e Beginning in 1981, includes stocks of Alaskan crude oil in transit. See Note 5,

"Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil," at end of section. f See Note 4, "Petroleum New Stock Basis," at end of section.

g Excludes stocks in the Northeast Heating Oil Reserve. Beginning in 2009,

includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. h Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in

2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in

"Other." i Includes propylene.

j Includes finished motor gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, and

gasohol; excludes oxygenates.

k Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, aviation gasoline blending

components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks,

petroleum coke, special naphthas, unfinished oils, waxes, miscellaneous products,

oxygenates, renewable fuels, and other hydrocarbons. Beginning in 2005, also

includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. – –=Not applicable. 

Notes: • Stocks are at end of period. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. • 1981-2009: Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2010: EIA,

Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months,

Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting

System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
Figure 3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

(Million Barrels per Day)

Total and Motor Gasoline, 1973-2009 Total, January-August

Selected Products,1973-2009 Selected Products, Monthly

Selected Products 

48 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

6

12

18

24

19.776

18.732 19.059

2008 2009 2010

0

6

12

18

24

Total

Motor Gasolinea

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

3

6

9

12

Motor Gasolinea

2008 2009 2010

Distillate Fuel Oilb

Jet Fuel

Propanec

Motor Gasolinea

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

3

6

9

12

Residual Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel Oilb

Jet Fuel

Residual Fuel Oil Propanec

a

 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

blended into distillate fuel oil.

c

 Includes propylene.

Note: SPR= Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Source: Table 3.5.

 Gasolinea Fuel Oilb Fuel Oil

9.4

3.7

1.5

0.8 0.4

9.3

3.4

1.4

1.0

0.5

9.1

3.7

1.6

1.0

0.5

Motor Distillate Jet Fuel Propane Residual

0

3

6

9

12

August 2008 August 2009 August 2010

c
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 49

Table 3.5 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type 

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oilb JetFuelc Kerosene

LPGa

LubricantsMotor

Gasolinee

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Other Propane f Total d Total

1973 Average .................. 522 45 3,092 1,059 216 872 1,449 162 6,674 261 2,822 1,005 17,308

1975 Average .................. 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1,001 16,322

1980 Average .................. 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1,581 17,056

1985 Average .................. 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1,032 15,726

1990 Average .................. 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1,373 16,988

1995 Average .................. 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1,381 17,725

1996 Average .................. 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1,518 18,309

1997 Average .................. 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1,605 18,620

1998 Average .................. 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1,508 18,917

1999 Average .................. 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 1,532 19,519

2000 Average .................. 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 1,458 19,701

2001 Average .................. 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 1,481 19,649

2002 Average .................. 512 18 3,776 1,614 43 1,248 2,163 151 8,848 463 700 1,474 19,761

2003 Average .................. 503 16 3,927 1,578 55 1,215 2,074 140 8,935 455 772 1,579 20,034

2004 Average .................. 537 17 4,058 1,630 64 1,276 2,132 141 9,105 524 865 1,657 20,731

2005 Average .................. 546 19 4,118 1,679 70 1,229 2,030 141 9,159 515 920 1,605 20,802

2006 Average .................. 521 18 4,169 1,633 54 1,215 2,052 137 9,253 522 689 1,640 20,687

2007 Average .................. 494 17 4,196 1,622 32 1,235 2,085 142 9,286 490 723 1,593 20,680

2008 January .................... 354 13 4,192 1,581 14 1,630 2,399 137 8,810 501 683 1,564 20,247

 February .................. 301 12 4,281 1,553 29 1,514 2,320 131 8,866 425 539 1,570 20,029

 March ....................... 295 16 4,161 1,552 25 1,301 2,166 144 9,066 473 589 1,345 19,831

 April ......................... 360 17 4,106 1,622 1 1,001 1,860 145 9,112 482 707 1,403 19,815

 May .......................... 461 19 3,931 1,590 7 919 1,845 143 9,251 456 673 1,422 19,798

 June ......................... 570 16 3,763 1,623 5 998 1,914 138 9,110 451 683 1,405 19,678

 July .......................... 556 16 3,688 1,574 -1 1,017 1,939 139 9,150 538 684 1,274 19,557

 August ..................... 517 18 3,659 1,639 3 1,000 1,915 157 9,134 471 511 1,249 19,272

 September ............... 531 16 3,740 1,478 12 857 1,429 97 8,497 353 520 1,167 17,839

 October .................... 465 12 4,182 1,417 10 1,106 1,832 146 9,024 466 597 1,547 19,698

 November ................ 314 15 3,872 1,440 20 1,167 1,899 91 8,904 438 521 1,540 19,052

 December ................ 271 14 3,783 1,395 47 1,343 1,931 104 8,927 503 753 1,414 19,142

 Average .................. 417 15 3,945 1,539 14 1,154 1,954 131 8,989 464 622 1,408 19,498

2009 January .................... 195 13 4,079 1,312 44 1,444 2,094 120 8,623 426 760 1,373 19,040

 February .................. 277 10 3,864 1,356 40 1,341 2,139 96 8,836 425 448 1,330 18,822

 March ....................... 300 14 3,744 1,406 16 1,181 2,043 112 8,903 420 591 1,170 18,719

 April ......................... 299 15 3,455 1,432 14 981 1,906 125 9,029 498 677 1,222 18,672

 May .......................... 371 13 3,436 1,329 14 818 1,774 101 9,084 501 433 1,154 18,211

 June ......................... 512 18 3,513 1,425 11 849 1,731 124 9,180 536 566 1,213 18,828

 July .......................... 495 19 3,395 1,506 1 955 1,807 122 9,260 369 319 1,333 18,626

 August ..................... 542 15 3,426 1,449 6 1,012 1,956 138 9,295 407 472 1,244 18,949

 September ............... 461 19 3,560 1,414 -4 1,009 1,929 124 8,911 470 340 1,372 18,594

 October .................... 377 11 3,654 1,362 21 1,219 2,208 123 8,986 329 495 1,236 18,803

 November ................ 287 10 3,596 1,352 22 1,523 2,531 117 8,906 356 445 1,132 18,753

 December ................ 204 15 3,861 1,372 26 1,597 2,504 114 8,931 385 582 1,241 19,237

 Average .................. 360 14 3,631 1,393 18 1,160 2,051 118 8,997 427 511 1,251 18,771

2010 January .................... 213 11 3,656 1,365 16 1,630 2,545 106 8,525 266 622 1,204 18,528

 February .................. 249 10 3,866 1,342 35 1,495 2,450 125 8,651 334 513 1,285 18,860

 March ....................... 272 14 3,842 1,446 12 1,168 2,153 138 8,787 428 545 1,432 19,070

 April ......................... 335 17 3,707 1,391 8 894 1,774 127 9,103 387 578 1,484 18,910

 May .......................... 389 15 3,635 1,422 11 865 1,800 140 9,217 339 514 1,345 18,827

 June ......................... R 481 R 18 R 3,759 R 1,507 R 12 R 832 R 1,812 R 160 R 9,284 R 411 R 505 R 1,367 R 19,314

 July .......................... F 507 RF 21 E 3,496 E 1,528 F 2 E 841 RF 1,867 RF 119 E 9,396 RF 420 E 481 RE 1,506 E 19,343

 August ..................... F 502 F 20 E 3,718 E 1,466 F 4 E 805 F 1,892 F 127 E 9,356 F 434 E 431 E 1,651 E 19,602

 8-Month Average ... E 370 E 16 E 3,708 E 1,434 E 12 E 1,063 E 2,034 E 130 E 9,043 E 378 E 524 E 1,411 E 19,059

2009 8-Month Average ... 375 15 3,612 1,402 18 1,071 1,930 117 9,028 448 534 1,254 18,732

2008 8-Month Average ... 427 16 3,970 1,592 10 1,171 2,044 142 9,064 475 634 1,403 19,776

a Liquefied petroleum gases. b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

blended into distillate fuel oil. 

c Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in

2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in

"Other." d Includes propylene. e Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline. f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery

gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes

negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished

oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as

gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned

as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. 

Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum

consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables

3.7a-c and 3.8a-c. • See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum

Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due

to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District

of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: • 1973-1975: Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. • 1981-2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. • 2010: 

EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports; and, for the current two months,

Weekly Petroleum Status Report data system, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting

System, and Monthly Energy Review data system calculations.
Figure 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Total, 1973-2009 Total

By Product, August 2010

50 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

3.190 3.114 3.221

August August August

0

1

2

3

4

 2008 2009 2010

a

0.103

0.003

0.671

0.258

0.001

0.209

0.024

1.513

0.081

0.084

0.274

Asphalt and Road Oil

Aviation Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor Gasoline

Petroleum Coke

Residual Fuel Oil

Other

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

b

c

a

 Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. b

 Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

c

 All petroleum products not shown above.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Source: Table 3.6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 51

Table 3.6 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

 (Trillion Btu)

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oilb JetFuelc Kerosene

LPGa

LubricantsMotor

Gasolinee

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Other Propane f Total d Total

1973 Total ...................... 1,264 83 6,575 2,167 447 1,221 1,981 359 12,797 573 6,477 2,117 34,840

1975 Total ...................... 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649 2,107 32,731

1980 Total ...................... 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772 3,275 34,202

1985 Total ...................... 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759 2,149 30,922

1990 Total ...................... 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820 2,840 33,553

1995 Total ...................... 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955 2,834 34,553

1996 Total ...................... 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952 3,119 35,757

1997 Total ...................... 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 3,298 36,266

1998 Total ...................... 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 3,093 36,934

1999 Total ...................... 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905 3,128 37,960

2000 Total ...................... 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091 2,981 38,404

2001 Total ...................... 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 3,056 38,333

2002 Total ...................... 1,240 34 8,028 3,340 90 1,747 2,852 334 16,819 1,018 1,605 3,041 38,401

2003 Total ...................... 1,220 30 8,349 3,265 113 1,701 2,747 309 16,981 1,000 1,772 3,260 39,047

2004 Total ...................... 1,304 31 8,652 3,383 133 1,791 2,824 313 17,379 1,156 1,990 3,429 40,594

2005 Total ...................... 1,323 35 8,755 3,475 144 1,721 2,682 312 17,444 1,133 2,111 3,320 40,735

2006 Total ...................... 1,261 33 8,864 3,379 111 1,701 2,701 303 17,622 1,148 1,581 3,416 40,420

2007 Total ...................... 1,197 32 8,921 3,358 67 1,729 2,733 313 17,689 1,077 1,659 3,308 40,353

2008 January .................. 73 2 757 278 2 194 268 26 1,425 93 133 294 3,351

 February ................ 58 2 723 255 5 168 242 23 1,342 74 98 278 3,101

 March ..................... 61 2 751 273 4 155 242 27 1,467 88 115 252 3,282

 April ....................... 72 3 717 276 (s) 115 201 26 1,426 87 133 232 3,174

 May ........................ 95 3 710 279 1 109 206 27 1,496 85 131 243 3,277

 June ....................... 114 2 658 276 1 115 207 25 1,426 81 129 233 3,152

 July ........................ 114 2 666 277 (s) 121 216 26 1,480 101 133 221 3,237

 August ................... 106 3 661 288 (s) 119 214 30 1,478 88 100 223 3,190

 September ............. 106 2 654 251 2 99 154 18 1,330 64 98 178 2,857

 October .................. 96 2 755 249 2 132 204 27 1,460 87 116 262 3,260

 November .............. 63 2 677 245 3 134 205 17 1,394 79 98 269 3,052

 December .............. 56 2 683 245 8 160 215 20 1,444 94 147 254 3,168

 Total ...................... 1,012 28 8,411 3,193 30 1,620 2,574 291 17,168 1,022 1,432 2,940 38,100

2009 January .................. 40 2 736 231 8 172 231 23 1,395 80 148 R 236 R 3,129

 February ................ 51 1 630 215 6 144 213 16 1,291 72 79 R 218 R 2,794

 March ..................... 62 2 676 247 3 140 225 21 1,440 78 115 R 206 R 3,076

 April ....................... 59 2 604 244 2 113 203 23 1,413 90 128 R 201 R 2,969

 May ........................ 76 2 621 234 2 97 R 196 19 1,469 94 84 R 195 R 2,993

 June ....................... 102 3 614 242 2 98 R 185 23 1,437 97 107 R 184 R 2,994

 July ........................ 102 3 613 265 (s) 114 199 23 1,498 69 62 R 227 R 3,061

 August ................... 111 2 619 255 1 120 R 216 26 1,504 76 92 R 213 R 3,114

 September ............. 92 3 622 241 -1 116 206 23 1,395 85 64 R 228 R 2,957

 October .................. 78 2 660 239 4 145 R 244 23 1,454 61 96 R 229 R 3,090

 November .............. 57 1 628 230 4 175 270 21 1,394 64 84 R 228 R 2,982

 December .............. 42 2 697 241 5 190 276 22 1,445 72 113 R 246 R 3,161

 Total ...................... 873 27 7,720 2,883 36 1,624 R 2,664 262 17,135 938 1,173 R 2,610 R 36,320

2010 January .................. 44 2 660 240 3 194 R 281 20 1,379 50 121 R 246 R 3,045

 February ................ 46 1 631 213 5 161 244 21 1,264 56 90 R 227 R 2,799

 March ..................... 56 2 694 254 2 139 237 26 1,421 80 106 R 254 R 3,134

 April ....................... 67 3 648 237 1 103 189 23 1,425 70 109 R 236 R 3,007

 May ........................ 80 2 656 250 2 103 R 199 26 1,491 63 100 R 224 R 3,094

 June ....................... R 96 3 R 657 R 256 2 R 96 R 193 R 29 R 1,453 R 74 R 95 R 213 R 3,072

 July ........................ F 104 F 3 E 631 E 269 F (s) E 100 F 206 F 22 E 1,520 F 78 E 94 E 251 E 3,179

 August ................... F 103 F 3 E 671 E 258 F 1 E 96 F 209 F 24 E 1,513 F 81 E 84 E 274 E 3,221

 8-Month Total ....... E 596 E 19 E 5,248 E 1,976 E 17 E 991 E 1,758 E 192 E 11,467 E 553 E 800 E 1,924 E 24,550

2009 8-Month Total ....... 604 18 5,112 1,932 25 998 1,668 173 11,447 655 815 1,679 24,130

2008 8-Month Total ....... 692 20 5,643 2,202 14 1,096 1,795 210 11,540 698 972 1,976 25,763

a Liquefied petroleum gases. b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

blended into distillate fuel oil. 

c Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in

2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in

"Other." d Includes propylene. e Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol blended

into motor gasoline. f Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery

gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes

negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished

oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as

gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned

as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. F=Forecast. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater

than -0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum

consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables

3.7a-c and 3.8a-c. • See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum

Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due

to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District

of Columbia.

Web Pages: • For all available data beginning in 1973, see

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html. • For related information, see

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: Tables 3.5, A1, and A3.
Figure 3.7 Petroleum Consumption by Sector

(Million Barrels per Day)

By Sector, 1973-2009 By Sector, June 2010

Residential and Commercial Sectors,a

 Selected Industrial Sector,a Selected Products,

Products, June 2010 June 2010

Transportation Sector, Selected Products, Electric Power Sector, June 2010

June 2010

52 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

0.565 0.255

4.393

13.876

0.225

Resi- Commer- Indus- Trans- Electric

0

4

8

12

16

Transportation

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

4

8

12

16

Industriala

Residential and Commerciala

Electric Power

 trial Power a ciala dential portation

0.469

0.298

0.025 0.018

LPG Distillate Motor Residual

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.316

0.611

0.481

0.333

0.135

LPG Distillate Asphalt and Petroleum Motor

0.0

0.7

1.4

2.1

Gasolinec Fuel Oil

b

Fuel Oil

b

Fuel Oil Gasolinec Road Oil Coke

Fuel Oil

9.124

2.809

1.507

0.314

Motor Distillate Jet Residual

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.106

0.079

0.041

Residual Petroleum Distillate

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

Gasolinec Fuel Oil d Fuel Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Coke

a

 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants.

b

 Liquefied petroleum gases.

c

 Includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

d

 Includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Sources: Tables 3.7a–3.7c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 53

Table 3.7a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Residential Sector Commercial Sectora

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasolineb

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

1973 Average .................... 942 110 407 1,459 303 31 105 45 NA 290 774

1975 Average .................... 850 78 365 1,293 276 24 92 46 NA 214 653

1980 Average .................... 617 51 222 890 243 20 63 56 NA 245 626

1985 Average .................... 514 77 224 815 297 16 68 50 NA 99 530

1990 Average .................... 460 31 252 742 252 6 73 58 0 100 489

1995 Average .................... 426 36 282 743 225 11 78 10 (s) 62 385

1996 Average .................... 434 43 334 811 227 10 87 14 (s) 60 397

1997 Average .................... 411 45 325 781 209 12 86 22 (s) 48 378

1998 Average .................... 363 52 303 718 202 15 84 20 (s) 37 358

1999 Average .................... 389 54 376 819 206 13 100 15 (s) 32 366

2000 Average .................... 424 46 395 865 230 14 107 23 (s) 40 415

2001 Average .................... 427 46 375 849 239 15 102 20 (s) 30 406

2002 Average .................... 404 29 384 817 209 8 101 24 (s) 35 376

2003 Average .................... 425 34 389 848 226 9 112 32 (s) 48 428

2004 Average .................... 433 41 364 839 221 10 108 23 (s) 53 416

2005 Average .................... 402 40 366 809 210 10 94 24 (s) 50 389

2006 Average .................... 335 32 318 685 189 7 88 26 (s) 33 343

2007 Average .................... 342 21 345 708 181 4 87 32 (s) 33 337

2008 January ...................... 516 10 483 1,009 287 2 138 23 (s) 53 503

 February .................... 530 21 467 1,018 294 4 134 24 (s) 54 510

 March ......................... 376 18 436 830 209 4 125 24 (s) 38 400

 April ........................... 293 1 375 668 163 (s) 107 24 (s) 30 324

 May ............................ 207 5 372 584 115 1 106 25 0 21 268

 June ........................... 228 4 386 618 127 1 110 24 0 23 285

 July ............................ 216 -1 391 606 120 (s) 112 24 0 22 278

 August ....................... 194 2 386 582 108 (s) 110 24 0 20 262

 September ................. 208 9 288 505 116 2 82 23 (s) 21 244

 October ...................... 233 7 369 610 130 1 106 24 (s) 24 285

 November .................. 292 14 383 689 162 3 109 24 (s) 30 328

 December .................. 449 34 389 872 249 7 111 24 (s) 46 437

 Average .................... 311 10 394 715 173 2 113 24 (s) 32 343

2009 January ...................... 451 32 422 904 250 6 121 23 (s) 43 443

 February .................... 418 29 431 878 232 6 123 24 (s) 40 425

 March ......................... 363 12 412 786 201 2 118 24 (s) 34 380

 April ........................... 287 10 384 681 159 2 110 24 0 27 322

 May ............................ 194 10 357 561 108 2 102 24 0 18 254

 June ........................... 185 8 349 542 103 2 100 24 0 18 246

 July ............................ 208 1 364 573 115 (s) 104 25 0 20 264

 August ....................... 217 4 394 615 120 1 113 25 (s) 21 279

 September ................. 262 -3 389 648 146 -1 111 24 (s) 25 305

 October ...................... 225 15 445 686 125 3 127 24 0 21 301

 November .................. 229 16 510 755 127 3 146 24 (s) 22 322

 December .................. 405 19 504 929 225 4 144 24 (s) 39 436

 Average .................... 286 13 413 712 159 3 118 24 (s) 27 331

2010 January ...................... 360 11 513 884 200 2 147 23 (s) 34 406

 February .................... 369 25 494 888 205 5 141 23 (s) 35 409

 March ......................... 212 9 434 655 118 2 124 23 (s) 20 287

 April ........................... 153 5 358 516 85 1 102 24 (s) 15 227

 May ............................ 162 8 363 533 90 2 104 25 0 15 235

 June ........................... 191 8 365 565 106 2 104 25 0 18 255

 6-Month Average ..... 240 11 420 671 133 2 120 24 (s) 23 302

2009 6-Month Average ..... 315 17 392 724 175 3 112 24 (s) 30 344

2008 6-Month Average ..... 358 10 420 787 199 2 120 24 (s) 37 381

a Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

b Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500

barrels per day. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,

see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is

an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term

"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a-c and 3.8a-c. • See Note 7, "Petroleum

Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
54 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 3.7b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Industrial Sectora

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasolineb PetroleumCoke

Residual

Fuel Oil Otherc Total

1973 Average .................... 522 691 75 902 88 133 254 809 1,005 4,479

1975 Average .................... 419 630 58 844 68 116 246 658 1,001 4,038

1980 Average .................... 396 621 87 1,172 82 82 234 586 1,581 4,842

1985 Average .................... 425 526 21 1,285 75 114 261 326 1,032 4,065

1990 Average .................... 483 541 6 1,215 84 97 325 179 1,373 4,304

1995 Average .................... 486 532 7 1,527 80 105 328 147 1,381 4,594

1996 Average .................... 484 557 9 1,580 78 105 343 146 1,518 4,819

1997 Average .................... 505 566 9 1,617 82 111 331 127 1,605 4,953

1998 Average .................... 521 570 11 1,553 86 105 390 100 1,508 4,844

1999 Average .................... 547 558 6 1,709 87 80 426 90 1,532 5,035

2000 Average .................... 525 563 8 1,720 86 79 361 105 1,458 4,903

2001 Average .................... 519 611 11 1,557 79 155 390 89 1,481 4,892

2002 Average .................... 512 566 7 1,668 78 163 383 83 1,474 4,934

2003 Average .................... 503 534 12 1,561 72 171 375 96 1,579 4,903

2004 Average .................... 537 570 14 1,646 73 195 423 108 1,657 5,222

2005 Average .................... 546 594 19 1,549 72 187 404 123 1,605 5,100

2006 Average .................... 521 594 14 1,627 71 198 425 104 1,640 5,193

2007 Average .................... 494 595 6 1,637 73 161 412 84 1,593 5,056

2008 January ...................... 354 774 2 1,743 71 128 422 99 1,564 5,157

 February .................... 301 801 4 1,686 67 129 348 77 1,570 4,983

 March ......................... 295 764 3 1,574 74 132 413 87 1,345 4,685

 April ........................... 360 710 (s) 1,351 75 133 413 102 1,403 4,547

 May ............................ 461 633 1 1,341 73 135 394 97 1,422 4,556

 June ........................... 570 418 1 1,391 71 133 372 88 1,405 4,448

 July ............................ 556 366 (s) 1,408 71 133 470 91 1,274 4,369

 August ....................... 517 359 (s) 1,391 81 133 399 68 1,249 4,197

 September ................. 531 501 2 1,038 50 124 282 65 1,167 3,761

 October ...................... 465 789 1 1,331 75 131 394 84 1,547 4,819

 November .................. 314 610 3 1,379 47 130 371 71 1,540 4,464

 December .................. 271 414 6 1,403 53 130 437 107 1,414 4,236

 Average .................... 417 594 2 1,420 67 131 394 86 1,408 4,518

2009 January ...................... 195 885 6 1,522 62 126 360 101 1,373 4,629

 February .................... 277 712 5 1,554 49 129 358 63 1,330 4,478

 March ......................... 300 623 2 1,484 58 130 344 85 1,170 4,197

 April ........................... 299 423 2 1,385 64 131 429 100 1,222 4,055

 May ............................ 371 458 2 1,289 52 132 434 66 1,154 3,959

 June ........................... 512 457 2 1,258 64 134 467 80 1,213 4,185

 July ............................ 495 333 (s) 1,313 63 135 300 40 1,333 4,012

 August ....................... 542 332 1 1,421 71 135 339 63 1,244 4,147

 September ................. 461 474 -1 1,401 64 130 402 46 1,372 4,348

 October ...................... 377 584 3 1,604 63 131 288 70 1,236 4,356

 November .................. 287 630 3 1,839 60 130 314 65 1,132 4,460

 December .................. 204 657 4 1,819 59 130 330 86 1,241 4,530

 Average .................... 360 547 2 1,490 61 131 363 72 1,251 4,278

2010 January ...................... 213 678 2 1,849 54 124 197 86 1,204 4,409

 February .................... 249 772 5 1,780 64 126 264 78 1,285 4,623

 March ......................... 272 861 2 1,564 71 128 359 80 1,432 4,769

 April ........................... 335 738 1 1,289 65 133 325 85 1,484 4,455

 May ............................ 389 627 2 1,308 72 134 274 73 1,345 4,224

 June ........................... 481 611 2 1,316 82 135 333 66 1,367 4,393

 6-Month Average ..... 324 714 2 1,516 68 130 292 78 1,353 4,477

2009 6-Month Average ..... 326 593 3 1,414 58 130 399 83 1,242 4,248

2008 6-Month Average ..... 390 683 2 1,514 72 132 394 92 1,451 4,729

a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. b Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline.

c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery

gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes

negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished

oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as

gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned

as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

(s)=Less than 500 barrels per day and greater than -500 barrels per day. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors,

see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. Petroleum products supplied is

an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term

"petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a-c and 3.8a-c. • See Note 7, "Petroleum

Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of section.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 55

Table 3.7c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Transportation Sector Electric Power Sectora

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oilb JetFuelc

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

LubricantsMotor

Gasolined ResidualFuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oile

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oilf Total

1973 Average .................... 45 1,045 1,042 35 74 6,496 317 9,054 129 7 1,406 1,542

1975 Average .................... 39 998 992 31 70 6,512 310 8,951 107 1 1,280 1,388

1980 Average .................... 35 1,311 1,062 13 77 6,441 608 9,546 79 2 1,069 1,151

1985 Average .................... 27 1,491 1,218 21 71 6,667 342 9,838 40 3 435 478

1990 Average .................... 24 1,722 1,522 16 80 7,080 443 10,888 45 14 507 566

1995 Average .................... 21 1,973 1,514 13 76 7,674 397 11,668 51 37 247 334

1996 Average .................... 20 2,096 1,578 11 73 7,772 370 11,921 51 36 273 360

1997 Average .................... 22 2,198 1,599 10 78 7,883 310 12,099 52 46 311 410

1998 Average .................... 19 2,263 1,622 13 81 8,128 294 12,420 64 56 456 576

1999 Average .................... 21 2,352 1,673 10 82 8,336 290 12,765 66 51 418 535

2000 Average .................... 20 2,422 1,725 8 81 8,370 386 13,012 82 45 378 505

2001 Average .................... 19 2,489 1,655 10 74 8,435 255 12,938 80 47 437 564

2002 Average .................... 18 2,536 1,614 10 73 8,662 295 13,208 60 80 287 427

2003 Average .................... 16 2,665 1,578 12 68 8,733 249 13,321 76 79 379 534

2004 Average .................... 17 2,783 1,630 14 69 8,887 321 13,720 52 101 382 535

2005 Average .................... 19 2,858 1,679 20 68 8,948 365 13,957 54 111 382 547

2006 Average .................... 18 3,017 1,633 20 67 9,029 395 14,178 35 97 157 289

2007 Average .................... 17 3,037 1,622 16 69 9,093 433 14,287 42 78 173 293

2008 January ...................... 13 2,564 1,581 34 67 8,658 426 13,343 51 78 105 235

 February .................... 12 2,616 1,553 33 64 8,713 318 13,309 41 77 91 209

 March ......................... 16 2,783 1,552 31 70 8,910 389 13,750 30 60 75 165

 April ........................... 17 2,908 1,622 27 71 8,955 488 14,088 31 68 88 187

 May ............................ 19 2,945 1,590 26 69 9,092 465 14,206 30 62 91 183

 June ........................... 16 2,945 1,623 27 67 8,953 414 14,046 45 79 158 281

 July ............................ 16 2,955 1,574 28 67 8,992 445 14,078 32 68 125 226

 August ....................... 18 2,971 1,639 27 76 8,977 318 14,026 28 72 106 205

 September ................. 16 2,886 1,478 21 47 8,351 302 13,100 29 70 131 230

 October ...................... 12 3,005 1,417 26 71 8,869 412 13,812 25 72 76 173

 November .................. 15 2,780 1,440 27 44 8,750 332 13,388 28 67 88 183

 December .................. 14 2,629 1,395 28 50 8,774 480 13,369 43 66 121 229

 Average .................... 15 2,833 1,539 28 64 8,834 400 13,712 34 70 104 209

2009 January ...................... 13 2,434 1,312 30 58 8,474 427 12,750 58 66 190 314

 February .................... 10 2,462 1,356 31 47 8,684 260 12,851 39 67 84 191

 March ......................... 14 2,517 1,406 29 55 8,749 407 13,177 39 76 64 180

 April ........................... 15 2,561 1,432 27 61 8,874 493 13,463 26 69 56 151

 May ............................ 13 2,644 1,329 25 49 8,927 277 13,265 33 67 72 171

 June ........................... 18 2,736 1,425 25 60 9,022 388 13,674 32 69 80 181

 July ............................ 19 2,710 1,506 26 59 9,101 175 13,596 29 69 83 181

 August ....................... 15 2,726 1,449 28 67 9,135 291 13,711 31 67 98 197

 September ................. 19 2,654 1,414 28 60 8,757 205 13,137 25 68 63 157

 October ...................... 11 2,691 1,362 32 60 8,832 335 13,323 28 41 69 138

 November .................. 10 2,583 1,352 36 57 8,752 315 13,106 26 42 42 110

 December .................. 15 2,542 1,372 36 56 8,777 416 13,214 32 55 41 129

 Average .................... 14 2,606 1,393 29 57 8,842 333 13,275 33 63 79 175

2010 January ...................... 11 2,337 1,365 37 51 8,378 409 12,588 81 68 92 241

 February .................... 10 2,491 1,342 35 61 8,502 363 12,803 29 70 38 137

 March ......................... 14 2,628 1,446 31 67 8,636 404 13,226 24 69 41 134

 April ........................... 17 2,709 1,391 25 62 8,946 437 13,587 22 62 41 125

 May ............................ 15 2,723 1,422 26 68 9,058 358 13,670 32 65 67 164

 June ........................... 18 2,809 1,507 26 78 9,124 314 13,876 41 79 106 225

 6-Month Average ..... 14 2,617 1,413 30 64 8,776 381 13,295 38 69 64 172

2009 6-Month Average ..... 14 2,560 1,377 28 55 8,788 377 13,198 38 69 92 198

2008 6-Month Average ..... 16 2,794 1,587 30 68 8,881 417 13,793 38 71 101 210

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to

the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data

are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

blended into distillate fuel oil. 

c Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in

2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in

"Industrial Sector, Other" on Table 3.7b. d Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline.

e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small

amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. 

f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small

amount of fuel oil no. 4. 

Notes: • Transportation sector data are estimates. • For total petroleum

consumption by all sectors, see petroleum products supplied data in Table 3.5. 

Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is

synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a-c and 3.8a-c. • 

See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
Figure 3.8 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Sector, Selected Products

(Quadrillion Btu)

Residential and Commercial Sectors,a

 1973-2009 Residential and Commercial Sectors,a Monthly

Industrial Sector,a 1973-2009 Industrial Sector,a Monthly

Transportation Sector, 1973-2009 Transportation Sector, Monthly

56 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3

Distillate Fuel Oil

LPGb

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Residual Fuel Oil Kerosene

LPGb

 Distillate

Fuel Oil

Residual

Fuel Oil

2008 2009

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

LPGb

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Distillate Fuel Oil

2010

Asphalt and

Road Oil

LPGb

Distillate

Fuel Oil

2008 2010 2009

Asphalt and

Road Oil

2008 2010 2009

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.6

1.2

1.8

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

Distillate Fuel Oild

Jet Fuel

Motor Gasolinec

Motor Gasolinec

Distillate Fuel Oild

Jet Fuel

a Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of

electricity-only plants. 

b

 Liquefied petroleum gases.

c

 Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

d Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html.

Sources: Tables 3.8a-3.8c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 57

Table 3.8a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors 

 (Trillion Btu)

Residential Sector Commercial Sectora

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasolineb PetroleumCoke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

1973 Total ........................ 2,003 227 557 2,787 644 65 143 87 NA 665 1,604

1975 Total ........................ 1,807 161 496 2,463 587 49 125 89 NA 492 1,342

1980 Total ........................ 1,316 107 298 1,721 518 41 84 107 NA 565 1,314

1985 Total ........................ 1,092 159 295 1,546 631 33 89 96 NA 228 1,077

1990 Total ........................ 978 64 333 1,375 536 12 97 111 0 230 985

1995 Total ........................ 905 74 373 1,352 479 22 103 18 (s) 141 763

1996 Total ........................ 926 89 441 1,456 483 21 115 27 (s) 137 783

1997 Total ........................ 874 93 429 1,396 444 25 113 43 (s) 111 736

1998 Total ........................ 772 108 399 1,280 429 31 111 39 (s) 85 695

1999 Total ........................ 828 111 496 1,435 438 27 132 28 (s) 73 699

2000 Total ........................ 905 95 522 1,521 491 30 141 45 (s) 92 798

2001 Total ........................ 908 95 495 1,499 508 31 134 37 (s) 70 782

2002 Total ........................ 860 60 506 1,426 444 16 133 45 (s) 80 718

2003 Total ........................ 905 70 515 1,490 481 19 148 60 (s) 111 820

2004 Total ........................ 924 85 483 1,491 470 20 143 45 (s) 122 802

2005 Total ........................ 854 84 484 1,422 447 22 124 46 (s) 116 755

2006 Total ........................ 712 66 419 1,197 401 15 116 49 (s) 75 656

2007 Total ........................ 726 44 453 1,223 384 9 114 61 (s) 75 644

2008 January .................... 93 2 54 149 52 (s) 15 4 (s) 10 82

 February .................. 89 3 49 142 50 1 14 4 (s) 10 78

 March ....................... 68 3 49 120 38 1 14 4 (s) 7 64

 April ......................... 51 (s) 40 92 28 (s) 12 4 (s) 6 50

 May .......................... 37 1 41 80 21 (s) 12 4 0 4 41

 June ......................... 40 1 42 82 22 (s) 12 4 0 4 42

 July .......................... 39 (s) 44 82 22 (s) 12 4 0 4 42

 August ..................... 35 (s) 43 78 19 (s) 12 4 0 4 40

 September ............... 36 1 31 69 20 (s) 9 4 (s) 4 37

 October .................... 42 1 41 85 23 (s) 12 4 (s) 5 44

 November ................ 51 2 41 95 28 (s) 12 4 (s) 6 50

 December ................ 81 6 43 130 45 1 12 4 (s) 9 71

 Total ........................ 664 21 519 1,204 369 4 148 46 (s) 73 640

2009 January .................... 81 6 R 47 133 45 1 13 4 (s) 8 72

 February .................. 68 5 43 116 38 1 12 3 (s) 7 R 62

 March ....................... 65 2 45 113 36 (s) 13 4 (s) 7 60

 April ......................... 50 2 41 93 28 (s) 12 4 0 5 49

 May .......................... 35 2 39 76 19 (s) 11 4 0 4 39

 June ......................... 32 1 37 71 18 (s) 11 4 0 3 36

 July .......................... 38 (s) 40 78 21 (s) 11 4 0 4 40

 August ..................... 39 1 43 83 22 (s) 12 4 (s) 4 42

 September ............... 46 -1 41 87 25 (s) 12 4 (s) 5 46

 October .................... 41 3 49 92 23 1 14 4 0 4 45

 November ................ 40 3 54 97 22 1 16 4 (s) 4 46

 December ................ 73 3 56 132 41 1 16 4 (s) 8 69

 Total ........................ 609 26 R 537 R 1,172 338 5 153 46 (s) 62 605

2010 January .................... 65 2 R 57 124 36 (s) 16 4 (s) 7 63

 February .................. 60 4 49 113 33 1 14 3 (s) 6 58

 March ....................... 38 2 48 88 21 (s) 14 4 (s) 4 43

 April ......................... 27 1 38 66 15 (s) 11 4 (s) 3 33

 May .......................... 29 1 40 71 16 (s) 11 4 0 3 35

 June ......................... 33 1 39 74 19 (s) 11 4 0 3 37

 6-Month Total ......... 253 11 271 535 141 2 77 22 (s) 26 269

2009 6-Month Total ......... 332 17 253 602 185 3 72 22 (s) 34 317

2008 6-Month Total ......... 379 10 275 664 211 2 79 23 (s) 42 356

a Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 

b Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than

-0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption

by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table

3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption

and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a-c and

3.8a-c. • See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption,"

at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 3.7a, A1, and A3. 
58 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 3.8b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector 

 (Trillion Btu)

Industrial Sectora

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasolineb PetroleumCoke

Residual

Fuel Oil Otherc Total

1973 Total ........................ 1,264 1,469 156 1,233 195 255 558 1,858 2,117 9,104

1975 Total ........................ 1,014 1,339 119 1,144 149 223 540 1,509 2,107 8,146

1980 Total ........................ 962 1,324 181 1,577 182 158 516 1,349 3,275 9,525

1985 Total ........................ 1,029 1,119 44 1,690 166 218 575 748 2,149 7,738

1990 Total ........................ 1,170 1,150 12 1,608 186 185 714 411 2,840 8,278

1995 Total ........................ 1,178 1,131 15 2,019 178 200 721 337 2,834 8,614

1996 Total ........................ 1,176 1,187 18 2,089 173 200 757 335 3,119 9,053

1997 Total ........................ 1,224 1,203 19 2,134 182 212 727 291 3,298 9,290

1998 Total ........................ 1,263 1,211 22 2,048 191 199 858 230 3,093 9,116

1999 Total ........................ 1,324 1,187 13 2,256 193 152 936 207 3,128 9,396

2000 Total ........................ 1,276 1,200 16 2,271 190 150 796 241 2,981 9,120

2001 Total ........................ 1,257 1,300 23 2,054 174 295 858 203 3,056 9,220

2002 Total ........................ 1,240 1,204 14 2,200 172 309 842 190 3,041 9,212

2003 Total ........................ 1,220 1,136 24 2,068 159 324 825 220 3,260 9,237

2004 Total ........................ 1,304 1,214 28 2,180 161 372 934 249 3,429 9,870

2005 Total ........................ 1,323 1,264 39 2,047 160 356 889 281 3,320 9,680

2006 Total ........................ 1,261 1,263 30 2,140 156 376 934 239 3,416 9,815

2007 Total ........................ 1,197 1,265 13 2,146 161 306 906 193 3,308 9,496

2008 January .................... 73 140 (s) 195 13 21 79 19 294 833

 February .................. 58 135 1 176 12 20 61 14 278 754

 March ....................... 61 138 1 176 14 21 77 17 252 756

 April ......................... 72 124 (s) 146 14 21 75 19 232 702

 May .......................... 95 114 (s) 150 14 22 74 19 243 730

 June ......................... 114 73 (s) 150 13 21 67 17 233 688

 July .......................... 114 66 (s) 157 13 22 88 18 221 699

 August ..................... 106 65 (s) 155 15 22 75 13 223 674

 September ............... 106 88 (s) 112 9 19 51 12 178 576

 October .................... 96 142 (s) 149 14 21 74 16 262 774

 November ................ 63 107 (s) 149 9 20 67 13 269 697

 December ................ 56 75 1 157 10 21 82 21 254 676

 Total ........................ 1,012 1,267 4 1,870 150 250 868 198 2,940 8,559

2009 January .................... 40 160 1 168 12 20 67 20 R 236 R 723

 February .................. 51 116 1 155 8 19 60 11 R 218 R 640

 March ....................... 62 113 (s) R 164 11 21 64 17 R 206 R 657

 April ......................... 59 74 (s) 148 12 21 78 19 R 201 R 611

 May .......................... 76 83 (s) 142 10 21 81 13 R 195 R 622

 June ......................... 102 80 (s) 134 12 21 84 15 R 184 R 632

 July .......................... 102 60 (s) 145 12 22 56 8 R 227 R 631

 August ..................... 111 60 (s) 157 13 22 63 12 R 213 R 652

 September ............... 92 83 (s) R 150 12 20 73 9 R 228 R 665

 October .................... 78 106 1 177 12 21 54 14 R 229 R 690

 November ................ 57 110 (s) 196 11 20 57 12 R 228 R 692

 December ................ 42 119 1 R 201 11 21 62 17 R 246 R 718

 Total ........................ 873 1,162 5 R 1,936 135 250 799 166 R 2,610 R 7,934

2010 January .................... 44 122 (s) 204 10 20 37 17 R 246 R 701

 February .................. 46 126 1 177 11 18 44 14 R 227 R 664

 March ....................... 56 155 (s) R 173 13 21 67 16 R 254 R 755

 April ......................... 67 129 (s) R 138 12 21 59 16 R 236 R 677

 May .......................... 80 113 (s) 144 13 22 51 14 R 224 R 662

 June ......................... 96 107 (s) 141 15 21 60 12 213 665

 6-Month Total ......... 389 753 2 976 75 123 318 89 1,400 4,124

2009 6-Month Total ......... 391 625 3 911 64 123 435 94 1,239 3,885

2008 6-Month Total ......... 471 725 2 992 79 125 432 105 1,532 4,463

a Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. b Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline.

c Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery

gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1981, also includes

negative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished

oils, and other products (from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as

gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned

as fuel. Beginning in 2005, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and greater than -0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. • For total heat content of petroleum consumption

by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum products supplied in Table

3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption

and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption" in Tables 3.7a-c and

3.8a-c. • See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption,"

at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 3.7b, A1, and A3. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 59

Table 3.8c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power

 Sectors (Trillion Btu)

Transportation Sector Electric Power Sectora

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oilb JetFuelc

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

LubricantsMotor

Gasolined ResidualFuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oile

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oilf Total

1973 Total ........................ 83 2,222 2,131 48 163 12,455 727 17,831 273 15 3,226 3,515

1975 Total ........................ 71 2,121 2,029 42 155 12,485 711 17,614 226 2 2,937 3,166

1980 Total ........................ 64 2,795 2,179 17 172 12,383 1,398 19,009 169 5 2,459 2,634

1985 Total ........................ 50 3,170 2,497 28 156 12,784 786 19,471 85 7 998 1,090

1990 Total ........................ 45 3,661 3,129 22 176 13,575 1,016 21,625 97 30 1,163 1,289

1995 Total ........................ 40 4,195 3,132 17 168 14,607 911 23,069 108 81 566 755

1996 Total ........................ 37 4,469 3,274 15 163 14,837 851 23,647 109 80 628 817

1997 Total ........................ 40 4,672 3,308 13 172 14,999 712 23,917 111 102 715 927

1998 Total ........................ 35 4,812 3,357 17 180 15,463 674 24,537 136 124 1,047 1,306

1999 Total ........................ 39 5,001 3,462 13 182 15,855 665 25,218 140 112 959 1,211

2000 Total ........................ 36 5,165 3,580 11 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 99 871 1,144

2001 Total ........................ 35 5,292 3,426 13 164 16,041 586 25,556 171 103 1,003 1,277

2002 Total ........................ 34 5,392 3,340 13 162 16,465 677 26,084 127 175 659 961

2003 Total ........................ 30 5,666 3,265 16 150 16,597 571 26,296 161 175 869 1,205

2004 Total ........................ 31 5,932 3,383 18 152 16,962 740 27,218 111 222 879 1,212

2005 Total ........................ 35 6,076 3,475 27 151 17,043 837 27,644 115 243 876 1,235

2006 Total ........................ 33 6,414 3,379 26 147 17,197 906 28,103 74 214 361 648

2007 Total ........................ 32 6,457 3,358 21 152 17,321 994 28,334 89 171 397 657

2008 January .................... 2 463 278 4 13 1,401 83 2,243 9 15 21 44

 February .................. 2 442 255 3 11 1,319 58 2,090 7 14 17 37

 March ....................... 2 503 273 3 13 1,441 76 2,311 5 11 15 31

 April ......................... 3 508 276 3 13 1,402 92 2,296 5 12 17 34

 May .......................... 3 532 279 3 13 1,471 91 2,391 5 12 18 35

 June ......................... 2 515 276 3 12 1,401 78 2,288 8 14 30 52

 July .......................... 2 534 277 3 13 1,455 87 2,370 6 13 24 43

 August ..................... 3 536 288 3 14 1,452 62 2,359 5 13 21 39

 September ............... 2 504 251 2 9 1,307 57 2,133 5 13 25 42

 October .................... 2 543 249 3 13 1,435 80 2,325 4 13 15 33

 November ................ 2 486 245 3 8 1,370 63 2,176 5 12 17 34

 December ................ 2 475 245 3 9 1,419 94 2,247 8 12 24 44

 Total ........................ 28 6,039 3,193 37 141 16,872 920 27,230 73 154 240 468

2009 January .................... 2 440 231 3 11 1,371 83 2,141 10 12 37 60

 February .................. 1 402 215 3 8 1,269 46 1,944 6 11 15 33

 March ....................... 2 454 247 3 10 1,415 79 2,212 7 14 13 34

 April ......................... 2 448 244 3 11 1,389 93 2,190 4 12 11 28

 May .......................... 2 477 234 3 9 1,444 54 2,223 6 13 14 32

 June ......................... 3 478 242 3 11 1,412 73 2,222 6 12 15 33

 July .......................... 3 489 265 3 11 1,472 34 2,277 5 13 16 34

 August ..................... 2 492 255 3 13 1,478 57 2,299 6 13 19 37

 September ............... 3 464 241 3 11 1,371 39 2,131 4 12 12 29

 October .................... 2 486 239 3 11 1,429 65 2,236 5 8 13 26

 November ................ 1 451 230 4 10 1,370 60 2,127 5 8 8 20

 December ................ 2 459 241 4 10 1,420 81 2,218 6 10 8 24

 Total ........................ 27 5,541 2,883 38 127 16,839 764 26,219 71 139 181 390

2010 January .................... 2 422 240 4 10 1,355 80 2,112 15 13 18 45

 February .................. 1 406 213 R 4 10 1,242 64 1,941 5 12 7 23

 March ....................... 2 475 254 3 13 1,397 79 2,223 4 13 8 25

 April ......................... 3 473 237 3 11 1,400 82 2,209 4 11 8 23

 May .......................... 2 492 250 3 13 1,465 70 2,295 6 12 13 31

 June ......................... 3 491 256 3 14 1,428 59 2,254 7 14 20 41

 6-Month Total ......... 13 2,759 1,450 19 71 8,288 434 13,034 40 75 73 189

2009 6-Month Total ......... 13 2,699 1,413 18 60 8,300 429 12,932 40 75 104 219

2008 6-Month Total ......... 14 2,962 1,637 20 75 8,434 477 13,620 40 78 116 233

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to

the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data

are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

b Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel)

blended into distillate fuel oil. 

c Through 2004, includes kerosene-type and naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in

2005, includes kerosene-type jet fuel only; naphtha-type jet fuel is included in

"Industrial Sector Other" on Table 3.8b. d Finished motor gasoline. Beginning in 1993, also includes fuel ethanol

blended into motor gasoline.

e Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small

amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. f Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small

amount of fuel oil no. 4. 

R=Revised. 

Notes: • Transportation sector data are estimates. • For total heat content of

petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of petroleum

products supplied in Table 3.6. Petroleum products supplied is an approximation of

petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consumption"

in Tables 3.7a-c and 3.8a-c. • See Note 7, "Petroleum Products Supplied and

Petroleum Consumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/petro.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 3.7c, A1, and A3. 
Petroleum

Note 1. Petroleum Survey Respondents. The U.S.

Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses a number of

sources and methods to maintain the survey respondent lists.

On a regular basis, survey managers review such industry

publications as the Oil & Gas Journal and Oil Daily for

information on facilities or companies starting up or closing

down operations. Those sources are augmented by articles

in newspapers, communications from respondents indicating

changes in status, and information received from survey

systems.

To supplement routine frames maintenance and to provide

more thorough coverage, a comprehensive frames investigation is conducted every 3 years. This investigation results in

the reassessment and recompilation of the complete frame

for each survey. The effort also includes the evaluation of

the impact of potential frame changes on the historical time

series of data from these respondents. The results of this

frame study are usually implemented in January to provide a

full year under the same frame.

In 1991, EIA conducted a frame identifier survey of companies that produce, blend, store, or import oxygenates. A

summary of the results from the identification survey was

published in the Weekly Petroleum Status Report dated

February 12, 1992, and in the February 1992 issue of the

Petroleum Supply Monthly. In order to continue to provide

relevant information about U.S. and regional gasoline

supply, EIA conducted a second frame identifier survey of

those companies during 1992. As a result, numerous

respondents were added to the monthly surveys effective in

January 1993. See Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM),

Appendix B, “Frame.”

Note 2. Motor Gasoline. Beginning in January 1981, EIA

expanded its universe to include non-refinery blenders and

separated blending components from finished motor

gasoline as a reporting category. Also, survey forms were

modified to describe refinery operations more accurately.

Beginning with the reporting of January 1993 data, EIA

made adjustments to the product supplied series for finished

motor gasoline. It was recognized that motor gasoline

statistics published by EIA through 1992 were underreported because the reporting system was (1) not collecting

all fuel ethanol blending, and (2) there was a misreporting of

motor gasoline blending components that were blended into

finished gasoline. The adjustments are incorporated into

EIA’s data beginning in January 1993. To facilitate data

analysis across the 1992–1993 period, EIA prepared a table

of 1992 data adjusted according to the 1993 basis. See

Petroleum Supply Monthly, March 1993, Table H3.

Note 3. Distillate and Residual Fuel Oils. The requirement to report crude oil in pipelines or burned on leases as

either distillate or residual fuel oil was eliminated. Prior to

January 1981, the refinery input of unfinished oils typically

exceeded the available supply of unfinished oils.

That discrepancy was assumed to be due to the redesignation of distillate and residual fuel oils received as such but

used as unfinished oil inputs by the receiving refinery. The

imbalance between supply and disposition of unfinished oils

would then be subtracted from the production of distillate

and residual fuel oils. Two-thirds of that difference was

subtracted from distillate and one-third from residual.

Beginning in January 1981, EIA modified its survey forms

to account for redesignated product and discontinued the

above-mentioned adjustment.

Prior to 1983, crude oil burned on leases and used at pipeline

pump stations was reported as either distillate or residual fuel

oil and was included as product supplied for these products.

Note 4. Petroleum New Stock Basis. In January 1975,

1979, 1981, and 1983, numerous respondents were added to

bulk terminal and pipeline surveys, affecting subsequent

stocks reported and stock change calculations. Using the

expanded coverage (new basis), the end-of-year stocks, in

million barrels, would have been:

Crude Oil: 1982—645 (Total) and 351 (Non-SPR).

Distillate Fuel Oil: 1974—224; 1980—205; and

1982—186.

Jet Fuel (Total): 1974—30; 1980—42; and 1982—39.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases: 1974—113; 1978—136;

1980—128; and 1982—102.

Propane and Propylene: 1978—86; 1980—69; and

1982—57.

Motor Gasoline (Total): 1974—225; 1980—263;

1982—244.

Residual Fuel Oil: 1974—75; 1980—91; and 1982—69.

Total Petroleum: 1974—1,121; 1980—1,425; and

1982—1,461.

Stock change calculations beginning in 1975, 1979, 1981,

and 1983 were made by using new basis stock levels.

In January 1984, changes were made in the reporting of

natural gas liquids. As a result, unfractionated stream is

now reported on a component basis (ethane, propane,

normal butane, isobutane, and pentanes plus). This change

affects stocks reported and stock change calculations.

Under the new basis, 1983 end-of-year stocks, in million

barrels, would have been 108 for liquefied petroleum gases,

and 55 for propane and propylene.

In January 1993, changes were made in the monthly surveys

to begin collecting bulk terminal and pipeline stocks of

oxygenates. This change affected stocks reported and stock

change calculations. However, a new basis stock level was

not calculated for 1992 end-of-year stocks.

Note 5. Stocks of Alaskan Crude Oil. Stocks of Alaskan

crude oil in transit were included for the first time in

January 1981. The major impact of this change is on the

60 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
reporting of stock change calculations. Using the expanded

coverage (new basis), 1980 end-of-year stocks, in million

barrels, would have been 488 (Total) and 380 (Non-SPR). 

Note 6. Petroleum Data Discrepancies. Due to differences internal to EIA data processing systems, some small

discrepancies exist between data in the Monthly Energy

Review (MER) and the Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA) and

Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM). The data that have

discrepancies are footnoted in Section 3 tables. The corresponding PSA/PSM values, in thousand barrels per day, are:

Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1976: 1,603; Total

Exports, 1979: 472; Petroleum Products Exports, 1979: 237;

and SPR Crude Oil Imports, 1978: 162.

Note 7. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum

Consumption. Total petroleum products supplied is the

sum of the products supplied for each petroleum product,

crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each of these, except crude oil, product

supplied is calculated by adding refinery production,

natural gas plant liquids production, new supply of other

liquids, imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting

stock additions, refinery inputs, and exports. Crude oil

product supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases

and at pipeline pump stations as reported on Form

EIA-813, “Monthly Crude Oil Report.” Prior to 1983,

crude oil burned on leases and used at pipeline pump

stations was reported as either distillate or residual fuel oil

and was included as product supplied for these products.

Petroleum product supplied (see Tables 3.5 and 3.6) is an

approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term “Petroleum Consumption” in Tables

3.7a-c and 3.8a-c.

Tables 3.7a–3.7c Sources

Petroleum consumption data in these tables are derived from

data for “petroleum products supplied” from the following

sources:

1973–1975: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of

Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, "Petroleum Statement,

Annual."

1976–1980: EIA, Energy Data Reports, "Petroleum Statement, Annual."

1981–2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual.

2010: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly.

Energy-use allocation procedures by individual product are

as follows:

Asphalt and Road Oil—All consumption of asphalt and

road oil is assigned to the industrial sector.

Aviation Gasoline—All consumption of aviation gasoline

is assigned to the transportation sector.

Distillate Fuel Oil—Distillate fuel oil consumption is

assigned to the sectors as follows:

Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power

Sector—See sources for Table 7.4b. For 1973–1979,

electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed

to be the amount of petroleum (minus small amounts of

kerosene and kerosene-type jet fuel deliveries) consumed in

gas turbine and internal combustion plants. For 1980–2000,

electric utility consumption of distillate fuel oil is assumed

to be the amount of light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, plus small

amounts of kerosene and jet fuel) consumed.

Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,

Annually—The aggregate end-use amount is total distillate fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the

electric power sector. The end-use total consumed annually

is allocated into the individual end-use sectors (residential,

commercial, industrial, and transportation) in proportion to

each sector’s share of sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil

and Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-0535),

which is based primarily on data collected by Form

EIA-821, “Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report”

(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year are

based on the most recent Sales report.

Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:

Since 1979, the residential sector sales total is directly

from the Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales

subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split into

residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in

proportion to the 1979 shares.

Since 1979, the commercial sector sales total is directly

from the Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales

subtotal of the heating plus industrial category is split into

residential, commercial, and industrial (including farm) in

proportion to the 1979 shares.

Since 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the sum of the

sales for industrial, farm, oil company, off-highway diesel, and

all other uses. Prior to 1979, each year's sales subtotal of the

heating plus industrial category is split into residential,

commercial, and industrial (including farm) in proportion to

the 1979 shares, and this estimated industrial portion is added

to oil company, off-highway diesel, and all other uses.

The transportation sector sales total is the sum of the sales

for railroad, vessel bunkering, on-highway diesel, and

military uses for all years.

Distillate Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,

Monthly—Residential sector and commercial sector

monthly consumption is estimated by allocating the

annual estimates, which are described above, into the

months in proportion to each month's share of the year's

sales of No. 2 heating oil. (For each month of the current

year, the residential and commercial consumption increase

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 61
from the same month in the previous year is based on the

percent increase in that month’s No. 2 heating oil sales

from the same month in the previous year.) The years’

No. 2 heating oil sales totals are from the following

sources: for 1973–1980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly

Report of Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the

American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating

Oil Sales; and for 1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA-782A,

"Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum

Product Sales Report," No. 2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users

and for Resale.

The transportation highway use portion is allocated into

the months in proportion to each month's share of the

year's total sales for highway use as reported by the

Federal Highway Administration's Table MF-25, "Private

and Commercial Highway Use of Special Fuels by

Months." After 1993, the sales-for-highway-use data are

no longer available as a monthly series; the 1993 data are

used for allocating succeeding year's totals into months.

A distillate fuel oil “balance” is calculated as total distillate

fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric

power sector, residential sector, commercial sector, and for

highway use.

Industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated by

multiplying each month’s distillate fuel oil “balance” by the

annual industrial consumption share of the annual distillate

fuel oil “balance.”

Total transportation sector monthly consumption is

estimated as total distillate fuel oil supplied minus the

amount consumed by the residential, commercial, industrial,

and electric power sectors.

Jet Fuel—Through 1982, small amounts of kerosene-type

jet fuel were consumed by the electric power sector.

Kerosene-type jet fuel deliveries to the electric power sector

as reported on Form FERC-423 (formerly Form FPC-423)

were used as estimates of this consumption. Through 2004,

all remaining jet fuel (kerosene-type and naphtha-type) is

consumed by the transportation sector. Beginning in 2005,

kerosene-type jet fuel is consumed by the transportation

sector, while naphtha-type jet fuel is classified under “Other

Petroleum Products,” which is assigned to the industrial

sector.

Kerosene—Kerosene product supplied is allocated into

the individual end-use sectors (residential, commercial,

and industrial) in proportion to each sector’s share of

sales as reported in EIA's Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales

(Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-0535), which is based

primarily on data collected by Form EIA-821, “Annual

Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report” (previously Form

EIA-172).

Since 1979, the residential sector sales total is directly from

the Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales category

called "heating" is split into residential, commercial, and

industrial in proportion to the 1979 shares.

Since 1979, the commercial sector sales total is directly

from the Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales

category called "heating" is split into residential, commercial, and industrial in proportion to the 1979 shares.

Since 1979, the industrial sector sales total is the sum of the

sales for industrial, farm, and all other uses. Prior to 1979,

each year's sales category called "heating" is split into

residential, commercial and industrial in proportion to the

1979 shares, and this estimated industrial (including farm)

portion is added to all other uses.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)—The annual shares of

LPG's total consumption that are estimated to be used by

each sector are applied to each month's total LPG consumption to create monthly sector consumption estimates. The

annual sector shares are calculated as described below. 

Sales of LPG to the residential and commercial sectors

combined are converted from thousand gallons per year to

thousand barrels per year and are assumed to be the annual

consumption of LPG by the combined sectors. Since 2003,

residential sector LPG consumption is assumed to equal

propane retail sales, with the remainder of the combined

residential and commercial LPG consumption being

assigned to the commercial sector. Prior to 2003, residential

sector LPG consumption is based on the average of the State

residential shares for 2003-2008, with the remainder of the

combined residential and commercial LPG cnsumption

being assigned to the commercial sector.

The quantity of LPG sold each year for consumption in

internal combustion engines is allocated between the transportation and industrial sectors on the basis of data for

special fuels used on highways published by the U.S.

Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, in Highway Statistics. The allocations of LPG sold

for internal combustion engine use to the transportation

sector range from a low of 20 percent (in 2001) to a high of

78 percent (in 2008). 

LPG consumed annually by the industrial sector is estimated

as the difference between LPG total product supplied and

the sum of the estimated LPG consumption by the residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. The industrial

sector includes LPG used by chemical plants as raw materials or solvents and used in the production of synthetic

rubber; refinery fuel use; use as synthetic natural gas

feedstock and use in secondary recovery projects; all farm

use; LPG sold to gas utility companies for distribution

through the mains; and a portion of the use of LPG as an

internal combustion engine fuel.

Sources of the annual sales data for creating annual energy

shares are:

1973–1982: EIA's "Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases

62 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
and Ethane" reports, based primarily on data collected by

Form EIA-174, “Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases.”

1983: End-use consumption estimates for 1983 are based

on 1982 end-use consumption because the collection of data

under Form EIA-174 was discontinued after data year 1982.

1984 forward: American Petroleum Institute (API), "Sales

of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases,"

which is based on an LPG sales survey jointly sponsored

by API, the Gas Processors Association, and the National

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association. EIA adjusts the data

to remove quantities of pentanes plus and to estimate

withheld values.

Lubricants—The consumption of lubricants is allocated to

the industrial and transportation sectors for all months

according to proportions developed from annual sales of

lubricants to the two sectors from U.S. Department of

Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial

Reports, "Sales of Lubricating and Industrial Oils and

Greases." The 1973 shares are applied to 1973 and 1974;

the 1975 shares are applied to 1975 and 1976; and the 1977

shares are applied to 1977 forward.

Motor Gasoline—The total monthly consumption of motor

gasoline is allocated to the sectors in proportion to aggregations of annual sales categories created on the basis of the

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway

Administration, Highway Statistics, Tables MF-21, MF-24,

and MF-25, as follows:

Commercial sales are the sum of sales for public

non-highway use and miscellaneous and unclassified uses.

Industrial sales are the sum of sales for agriculture,

construction, and industrial and commercial use as classified in the Highway Statistics.

Transportation sales are the sum of sales for highway use

(minus the sales of special fuels, which are primarily diesel

fuel and are accounted for in the transportation sector of

distillate fuel) and sales for marine use.

Petroleum Coke—Portions of petroleum coke are

consumed by the electric power sector (see sources for Table

7.4b) and the commercial sector (see sources for Table 7.4c).

The remaining petroleum coke is assigned to the industrial

sector.

Residual Fuel Oil—Residual fuel oil consumption is

assigned to the sectors as follows:

Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the Electric Power

Sector—See sources for Table 7.4b. For 1973–1979,

electric utility consumption of residual fuel oil is assumed

to be the amount of petroleum consumed in steam-electric

power plants. For 1980–2000, electric utility consumption

of residual fuel oil is assumed to be the amount of heavy

oil (fuel oil nos. 4, 5, and 6) consumed.

Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,

Annually—The aggregate end-use amount is total residual

fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the

electric power sector. The end-use total consumed

annually is allocated into the individual end-use sectors

(commercial, industrial, and transportation) in proportion to

each sector’s share of sales as reported in EIA’s Fuel Oil

and Kerosene Sales (Sales) report series (DOE/EIA-535),

which is based primarily on data collected by Form

EIA-821, “Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report”

(previously Form EIA-172). Shares for the current year are

based on the most recent Sales report.

Following are notes on the individual sector groupings:

Since 1979, commercial sales data are directly from the

Sales reports. Prior to 1979, each year's sales subtotal of

the heating plus industrial category is split into commercial and industrial in proportion to the 1979 shares.

Since 1979, industrial sales data are the sum of sales for

industrial, oil company, and all other uses. Prior to 1979,

each year's sales subtotal of the heating plus industrial

category is split into commercial and industrial in

proportion to the 1979 shares, and this estimated industrial portion is added to oil company and all other uses.

Transportation sales are the sum of sales for railroad,

vessel bunkering, and military uses for all years.

Residual Fuel Oil Consumed by the End-Use Sectors,

Monthly—Commercial sector monthly consumption is

estimated by allocating the annual estimates, which are

described above, into the months in proportion to each

month's share of the year's sales of No. 2 heating oil. (For

each month of the current year, the consumption increase

from the same month in the previous year is based on the

percent increase in that month’s No. 2 heating oil sales from

the same month in the previous year.) The years' No. 2

heating oil sales totals are from the following sources: for

1973–1980, the Ethyl Corporation, Monthly Report of

Heating Oil Sales; for 1981 and 1982, the American Petroleum Institute, Monthly Report of Heating Oil Sales; and for

1983 forward, EIA, Form EIA-782A, "Refiners'/Gas Plant

Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report," No.

2 Fuel Oil Sales to End Users and for Resale.

A residual fuel oil “balance” is calculated as total residual

fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by the electric

power sector, commercial sector, and by industrial

combined-heat-and-power plants (see sources for Table 7.4c).

Transportation sector monthly consumption is estimated by

multiplying each month’s residual fuel oil “balance” by the

annual transportation consumption share of the annual residual fuel oil “balance.”

Total industrial sector monthly consumption is estimated as

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 63
total residual fuel oil supplied minus the amount consumed by

the commercial, transportation, and electric power sectors.

Other Petroleum Products—Consumption of all remaining petroleum products is assigned to the industrial sector.

Other petroleum products include pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas (refinery

gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in

1981, also includes negative barrels per day of distillate and

residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other

products (from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983,

also includes crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 2005,

also includes naphtha-type jet fuel.

64 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
. 

Natural Gas

4

Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
 Figure 4.1 Natural Gas

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Overview, 1973-2009 Overview, Monthly

Consumption by Sector, 1973-2009 Consumption by Sector, Monthly

Underground Storage, End of Year, 1973-2009 Underground Storage, End of Month

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/natgas.html.

Sources: Tables 4.1, 4.3, and 4.4.

66 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Commercial

Base Gas

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

3

6

9

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

Electric

Power

Industrial

Commercial

Industrial

Transportation Transportation

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Consumption 3.0

Dry Production

Net Imports

Consumption

Dry

Production

Net Imports

2008 2009 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Residential

Electric Power

Residential

2008 2009 2010

Base Gas

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

Total

Working Gas

Total

Working Gas

 2008 2009 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 67

Table 4.1 Natural Gas Overview

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Gross

Withdrawalsa

Marketed

Production 

(Wet)b Extraction

Lossc Dry GasProductiond

Supplemental

Gaseous

Fuelse

Trade Net

Storage

Withdrawalsf Balancing

Itemg

Consumptionh Imports ExportsNet

Imports

1973 Total .................... 24,067 i22,648 917 i21,731 NA 1,033 77 956 -442 -196 22,049

1975 Total .................... 21,104 i20,109 872 i19,236 NA 953 73 880 -344 -235 19,538

1980 Total .................... 21,870 20,180 777 19,403 155 985 49 936 23 -640 19,877

1985 Total .................... 19,607 17,270 816 16,454 126 950 55 894 235 -428 17,281

1990 Total .................... 21,523 18,594 784 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 -513 307 j19,174

1995 Total .................... 23,744 19,506 908 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 415 396 22,207

1996 Total .................... 24,114 19,812 958 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2 860 22,609

1997 Total .................... 24,213 19,866 964 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 24 871 22,737

1998 Total .................... 24,108 19,961 938 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 -530 657 22,246

1999 Total .................... 23,823 19,805 973 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 172 -119 22,405

2000 Total .................... 24,174 20,198 1,016 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 829 -305 23,333

2001 Total .................... 24,501 20,570 954 19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 -1,166 99 22,239

2002 Total .................... 23,941 19,885 957 18,928 68 4,015 516 3,499 468 44 23,007

2003 Total .................... 24,119 19,974 876 19,099 68 3,944 680 3,264 -197 44 22,277

2004 Total .................... 23,970 19,517 927 18,591 60 4,259 854 3,404 -114 448 22,389

2005 Total .................... 23,457 18,927 876 18,051 64 4,341 729 3,612 52 232 22,011

2006 Total .................... 23,535 19,410 906 18,504 66 4,186 724 3,462 -436 89 21,685

2007 Total .................... 24,664 20,196 930 19,266 63 4,608 822 3,785 192 -209 23,097

2008 January ................ 2,164 1,775 80 1,695 1 388 109 279 837 -84 2,729

 February .............. 2,049 1,672 75 1,597 5 349 99 249 603 45 2,499

 March ................... 2,213 1,814 81 1,732 6 366 100 265 225 43 2,271

 April ..................... 2,114 1,742 78 1,664 5 321 74 247 -195 100 1,822

 May ...................... 2,169 1,815 81 1,733 5 296 69 227 -412 22 1,575

 June ..................... 2,122 1,764 79 1,685 6 286 62 224 -349 36 1,602

 July ...................... 2,212 1,861 84 1,777 4 322 63 258 -348 15 1,706

 August ................. 2,217 1,851 83 1,768 5 328 67 261 -357 4 1,681

 September ........... 1,929 1,569 70 1,499 5 313 55 257 -306 3 1,458

 October ................ 2,165 1,767 79 1,687 6 323 67 256 -248 -71 1,631

 November ............ 2,160 1,769 79 1,690 6 322 90 232 61 -129 1,860

 December ............ 2,240 1,841 83 1,759 6 368 106 262 523 -156 2,393

 Total .................... 25,754 21,240 953 20,286 61 3,981 963 3,017 34 -172 23,227

2009 January ................ 2,250 E 1,867 74 E 1,793 6 357 113 244 698 R -37 R 2,705

 February .............. 2,070 E 1,704 68 E 1,636 5 322 103 218 371 79 R 2,310

 March ................... 2,281 E 1,879 78 E 1,801 6 325 104 221 98 R 31 R 2,157

 April ..................... 2,183 E 1,814 76 E 1,739 5 322 80 242 -246 2 R 1,741

 May ...................... 2,231 E 1,860 81 E 1,779 5 266 77 189 -467 R 1 R 1,507

 June ..................... 2,140 E 1,804 77 E 1,727 2 282 66 216 -387 -28 R 1,531

 July ...................... 2,176 E 1,846 79 E 1,767 5 317 76 240 -330 -27 1,656

 August ................. 2,167 E 1,859 80 E 1,779 6 337 79 258 -268 -43 R 1,733

 September ........... 2,099 E 1,761 79 E 1,683 5 307 84 223 -288 -55 1,568

 October ................ 2,212 E 1,853 82 E 1,771 6 273 78 195 -161 -151 1,660

 November ............ 2,163 E 1,800 81 E 1,720 6 295 97 198 -31 -121 1,771

 December ............ 2,205 E 1,845 84 E 1,760 6 350 115 234 699 R -221 R 2,479

 Total .................... 26,177 E 21,893 938 E 20,955 64 3,751 1,072 2,679 -313 R -569 R 22,816

2010 January ................ 2,239 E 1,864 80 E 1,783 6 384 93 291 812 -57 2,836

 February .............. 2,064 E 1,709 75 E 1,634 5 324 87 236 620 15 2,511

 March ................... 2,318 E 1,919 84 E 1,835 6 319 99 220 36 62 2,159

 April ..................... 2,222 E 1,859 81 E 1,779 5 295 75 220 -355 50 1,698

 May ...................... R 2,266 RE 1,923 R 85 RE 1,838 4 299 R 82 R 217 -409 R -30 R 1,620

 June ..................... 2,159 E 1,836 83 E 1,752 5 E 296 E 81 E 214 -321 -5 1,646

 6-Month Total ..... 13,268 E 11,110 489 E 10,621 32 E 1,916 E 517 E 1,399 383 35 12,470

2009 6-Month Total ..... 13,155 E 10,928 453 E 10,475 30 1,873 543 1,330 68 48 11,950

2008 6-Month Total ..... 12,831 10,582 475 10,107 28 2,005 514 1,491 709 161 12,498

a Gas withdrawn from natural gas and crude oil wells; excludes lease

condensate.

b Gross withdrawals minus repressuring, nonhydrocarbon gases removed, and

vented and flared. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Production," at end of section.

c See Note 2, "Natural Gas Extraction Loss," at end of section. d Marketed production (wet) minus extraction loss. e See Note 3, "Supplemental Gaseous Fuels," at end of section. f Net withdrawals from underground storage. For 1980-2008, also includes net

withdrawals of liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. See Note 4, "Natural

Gas Storage," at end of section.

g See Note 5, "Natural Gas Balancing Item," at end of section. Since 1980,

excludes transit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas

delivered to its destination via the other country).

h See Note 6, "Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section.

i May include unknown quantities of nonhydrocarbon gases.

j For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power

producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on

Table 4.3. See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," at end of section.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/natgas.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Imports and Exports: Table 4.2. • Consumption: Table 4.3.

• Balancing Item: Calculated as consumption minus dry gas production,

supplemental gaseous fuels, net imports, and net storage withdrawals. • All Other

Data: 1973-2004—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas

Annual, annual reports. 2005 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, August 2010,

Table 1. 
68 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 4.2 Natural Gas Trade by Country

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Imports Exports

Algeriaa Canadab Egypta Mexicob Nigeriaa Qatara

Trinidad

and

Tobagoa Othera,c Total Canadab Japana Mexicob Othera,d Total

1973 Total .................... 3 1,028 0 2 0 0 0 0 1,033 15 48 14 0 77

1975 Total .................... 5 948 0 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 0 73

1980 Total .................... 86 797 0 102 0 0 0 0 985 0 45 4 0 49

1985 Total .................... 24 926 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 0 53 2 0 55

1990 Total .................... 84 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 0 86

1995 Total .................... 18 2,816 0 7 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 0 154

1996 Total .................... 35 2,883 0 14 0 0 0 5 2,937 52 68 34 0 153

1997 Total .................... 66 2,899 0 17 0 0 0 12 2,994 56 62 38 0 157

1998 Total .................... 69 3,052 0 15 0 0 0 17 3,152 40 66 53 0 159

1999 Total .................... 76 3,368 0 55 0 20 51 17 3,586 39 64 61 0 163

2000 Total .................... 47 3,544 0 12 13 46 99 21 3,782 73 66 106 0 244

2001 Total .................... 65 3,729 0 10 38 23 98 14 3,977 167 66 141 0 373

2002 Total .................... 27 3,785 0 2 8 35 151 8 4,015 189 63 263 0 516

2003 Total .................... 53 3,437 0 0 50 14 378 11 3,944 271 66 343 0 680

2004 Total .................... 120 3,607 0 0 12 12 462 46 4,259 395 62 397 0 854

2005 Total .................... 97 3,700 73 9 8 3 439 11 4,341 358 65 305 0 729

2006 Total .................... 17 3,590 120 13 57 0 389 0 4,186 341 61 322 0 724

2007 Total .................... 77 3,783 115 54 95 18 448 18 4,608 482 47 292 2 822

2008 January ................ 0 359 3 1 0 0 25 0 388 67 3 40 0 109

 February .............. 0 325 0 0 0 0 21 3 349 59 3 37 0 99

 March ................... 0 341 0 1 0 0 21 3 366 66 3 31 0 100

 April ..................... 0 289 3 (s) 3 0 26 0 321 43 3 28 0 74

 May ...................... 0 260 3 4 0 0 25 3 296 40 3 25 0 69

 June ..................... 0 250 6 3 3 3 21 0 286 27 4 30 0 62

 July ...................... 0 287 6 4 0 0 25 0 322 30 4 30 0 63

 August ................. 0 288 3 4 3 0 26 3 328 28 5 35 0 67

 September ........... 0 274 9 7 3 0 20 0 313 26 3 27 0 55

 October ................ 0 289 3 6 0 0 24 0 323 35 3 28 0 67

 November ............ 0 294 9 6 0 0 14 0 322 61 3 26 0 90

 December ............ 0 330 9 7 0 0 19 3 368 76 3 28 0 106

 Total .................... 0 3,586 55 43 12 3 267 15 3,981 559 39 365 0 963

2009 January ................ 0 324 5 6 0 0 19 3 357 84 2 28 0 113

 February .............. 0 293 6 (s) 0 0 16 6 322 75 3 25 0 103

 March ................... 0 293 12 1 0 0 17 3 325 77 3 24 0 104

 April ..................... 0 259 22 7 8 0 20 6 322 55 2 23 0 80

 May ...................... 0 216 15 1 0 0 31 3 266 46 2 29 0 77

 June ..................... 0 230 14 1 0 0 34 3 282 37 2 28 0 66

 July ...................... 0 270 14 2 3 0 21 6 317 42 4 31 0 76

 August ................. 0 299 17 3 0 0 17 0 337 45 2 32 0 79

 September ........... 0 274 14 1 2 0 15 0 307 47 4 33 0 84

 October ................ 0 244 15 2 0 0 13 0 273 47 2 29 0 78

 November ............ 0 258 12 (s) 0 8 17 0 295 66 2 29 0 97

 December ............ 0 311 14 3 0 4 17 0 350 81 4 28 3 115

 Total .................... 0 3,271 160 28 13 13 236 29 3,751 701 31 338 3 1,072

2010 January ................ 0 326 17 1 0 12 22 6 384 67 2 23 0 93

 February .............. 0 277 12 1 0 6 16 12 324 60 2 22 3 87

 March ................... 0 276 9 5 3 1 16 9 319 76 2 21 0 99

 April ..................... 0 249 6 5 9 9 15 3 295 50 4 22 0 75

 May ...................... 0 R 257 9 R 4 9 0 16 3 299 R 55 2 R 25 0 R 82

 June ..................... 0 E 261 6 E 2 11 0 11 5 E 296 E 51 2 E 25 3 E 81

 6-Month Total ..... 0 E 1,647 58 E 19 31 28 96 37 E 1,916 E 359 13 E 138 7 E 517

2009 6-Month Total ..... 0 1,615 74 16 8 0 137 24 1,873 373 13 157 0 543

2008 6-Month Total ..... 0 1,823 15 9 6 3 139 9 2,005 303 19 192 0 514

a As liquefied natural gas. b By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported

from Canada in 1973, 1977, and 1981 and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998. 

See Note 8, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section.

c Australia in 1997-2001 and 2004; Brunei in 2002; Equatorial Guinea in 2007;

Indonesia in 1986 and 2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002-2005; Norway in 2008

forward; Oman in 2000-2005; United Arab Emirates in 1996-2000; Yemen in 2010;

and Other (unassigned) in 2004.

d Russia in 2007; South Korea in 2009; and Spain in 2010. 

R=Revised. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic feet. 

Notes: • See Note 8, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports," at end of section. 

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • U.S.

geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/natgas.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • 1973-1987: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form

FPC-14, "Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas."

• 1988-2007: EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. • 2008 forward: EIA,

Natural Gas Monthly, August 2010, Table 4; and U.S. Department of Energy,

Office of Fossil Energy, "Natural Gas Imports and Exports."
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 69

Table 4.3 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

End-Use Sectors

Electric

Power

Sectorf,g Total

ResidentialCommerciala

Industrial Transportation

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipelinesd

and Distributione Vehicle

CHP Fuel Total b Non-CHPc Total

1973 Total .................... 4,879 2,597 1,496 h ( ) 8,689 8,689 10,185 728 NA 728 3,660 22,049

1975 Total .................... 4,924 2,508 1,396 h ( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 3,158 19,538

1980 Total .................... 4,752 2,611 1,026 h ( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 3,682 19,877

1985 Total .................... 4,433 2,432 966 h ( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 3,044 17,281

1990 Total .................... 4,391 2,623 1,236 1,055 5,963 i 7,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 i 3,245 i 19,174

1995 Total .................... 4,850 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 4,237 22,207

1996 Total .................... 5,241 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 3,807 22,609

1997 Total .................... 4,984 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 4,065 22,737

1998 Total .................... 4,520 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 4,588 22,246

1999 Total .................... 4,726 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 12 657 4,820 22,405

2000 Total .................... 4,996 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 5,206 23,333

2001 Total .................... 4,771 3,023 1,119 1,310 6,035 7,344 8,463 625 15 640 5,342 22,239

2002 Total .................... 4,889 3,144 1,113 1,240 6,267 7,507 8,620 667 15 682 5,672 23,007

2003 Total .................... 5,079 3,179 1,122 1,144 6,007 7,150 8,273 591 18 610 5,135 22,277

2004 Total .................... 4,869 3,129 1,098 1,191 6,052 7,243 8,341 566 21 587 5,464 22,389

2005 Total .................... 4,827 2,999 1,112 1,084 5,514 6,597 7,709 584 23 607 5,869 22,011

2006 Total .................... 4,368 2,832 1,142 1,115 5,398 6,512 7,654 584 24 608 6,222 21,685

2007 Total .................... 4,722 3,013 1,226 1,050 5,598 6,648 7,874 621 25 646 6,841 23,097

2008 January ................ 882 475 103 87 572 659 761 77 2 80 531 2,729

 February .............. 817 457 97 78 538 616 713 71 2 73 439 2,499

 March ................... 654 378 105 80 527 608 713 64 2 66 461 2,271

 April ..................... 389 254 100 75 480 555 656 51 2 53 470 1,822

 May ...................... 230 179 104 79 462 541 645 43 2 46 475 1,575

 June ..................... 143 133 101 80 432 512 613 44 2 47 665 1,602

 July ...................... 118 127 106 88 436 524 630 47 2 50 782 1,706

 August ................. 111 126 106 89 438 527 632 46 2 49 763 1,681

 September ........... 117 129 91 71 405 476 567 40 2 43 603 1,458

 October ................ 215 184 103 80 456 536 638 45 2 47 545 1,631

 November ............ 428 273 102 74 470 544 647 52 2 54 458 1,860

 December ............ 768 420 106 75 477 552 659 67 2 70 476 2,393

 Total .................... 4,872 3,136 1,224 955 5,695 6,650 7,874 648 28 676 6,668 23,227

2009 January ................ 942 R 513 E 108 80 498 578 686 E 75 E 3 E 78 485 R 2,705

 February .............. 750 R 422 E 98 72 R 448 R 520 R 618 E 64 E 2 E 67 452 R 2,310

 March ................... 597 R 355 E 108 80 R 453 R 533 R 641 E 60 E 3 E 63 500 R 2,157

 April ..................... 392 248 E 105 77 R 412 R 489 R 594 E 49 E 3 E 51 456 R 1,741

 May ...................... 203 R 167 E 107 77 388 465 572 E 42 E 3 E 45 521 R 1,507

 June ..................... 142 R 134 E 104 79 378 457 561 E 43 E 3 E 45 649 R 1,531

 July ...................... 119 R 129 E 106 82 R 391 473 R 579 E 46 E 3 E 49 780 1,656

 August ................. 112 129 E 107 83 410 493 600 E 48 E 3 E 51 841 R 1,733

 September ........... 119 131 E 101 81 400 480 582 E 44 E 3 E 46 689 1,568

 October ................ 250 R 199 E 107 82 R 438 R 520 R 627 E 46 E 3 E 49 536 1,660

 November ............ 375 R 251 E 104 82 R 449 531 635 E 49 E 3 E 52 459 1,771

 December ............ 760 R 427 E 106 89 R 504 R 593 R 699 E 69 E 3 E 72 521 R 2,479

 Total .................... 4,760 R 3,106 E 1,261 964 R 5,170 R 6,133 R 7,395 RE 637 E 32 E 668 6,888 R 22,816

2010 January ................ 964 R 515 E 107 88 R 536 R 624 R 732 E 79 E 3 E 82 543 2,836

 February .............. 825 R 460 E 98 77 R 501 R 577 R 676 E 70 E 3 E 73 478 2,511

 March ................... 605 R 350 E 111 81 R 498 R 579 R 689 E 60 E 3 E 63 452 2,159

 April ..................... 324 223 E 107 77 445 522 629 E 47 E 3 E 50 472 1,698

 May ...................... 203 166 RE 111 79 R 450 R 529 R 640 E 45 E 3 E 48 563 R 1,620

 June ..................... 137 132 E 106 82 430 512 617 E 46 E 3 E 49 712 1,646

 6-Month Total ..... 3,057 1,845 E 640 484 2,859 3,343 3,983 E 348 E 16 E 364 3,220 12,470

2009 6-Month Total ..... 3,025 1,840 E 630 465 2,577 3,043 3,672 E 333 E 16 E 349 3,063 11,950

2008 6-Month Total ..... 3,115 1,876 610 479 3,013 3,491 4,101 350 14 364 3,042 12,498

a All commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Table

7.4c for CHP fuel use.

b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial

electricity-only plants.

c All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and

"CHP." d Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. e Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers. f The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities and independent power producers. h Included in "Non-CHP." i For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power

producers may be counted in both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." 

See Note 7, "Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992," at end of section.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 million cubic

feet. 

Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous

fuels. • See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at

end of Section 7. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/natgas.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Residential, Commercial, Lease and Plant Fuel, Other Industrial

Total and Pipelines and Distribution: 1973-2004—U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 2005

forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), August 2010, Table 2.

• Industrial CHP: Table 7.4c. • Vehicle Fuel: 1990 and 1991—EIA, NGA 2000,

(November 2001), Table 95. 1992-1998—"Alternatives to Traditional

Transportation Fuels 1999" (October 1999), Table 10, and "Alternatives to

Traditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February 2004), Table 10. Data for

compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas in gasoline-equivalent gallons

were converted to cubic feet by multiplying by the motor gasoline conversion factor

(see Table A3) and dividing by the natural gas end-use sectors conversion factor

(see Table A4). 1999-2004—EIA, NGA, annual reports. 2005 forward—EIA, NGM,

August 2010, Table 2. • Electric Power Sector: Table 7.4b. 
70 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 4.4 Natural Gas in Underground Storage

 (Volumes in Billion Cubic Feet)

Natural Gas in

Underground Storage,

End of Period

Change in Working Gas

From Same Period

Previous Year Storage Activity

Base Gas Working Gas Totala Volume Percent Withdrawals Injections Netb,c

1973 Total .................... 2,864 2,034 4,898 305 17.6 1,533 1,974 -442

1975 Total .................... 3,162 2,212 5,374 162 7.9 1,760 2,104 -344

1980 Total .................... 3,642 2,655 6,297 -99 -3.6 1,910 1,896 14

1985 Total .................... 3,842 2,607 6,448 -270 -9.4 2,359 2,128 231

1990 Total .................... 3,868 3,068 6,936 555 22.1 1,934 2,433 -499

1995 Total .................... 4,349 2,153 6,503 -453 -17.4 2,974 2,566 408

1996 Total .................... 4,341 2,173 6,513 19 .9 2,911 2,906 6

1997 Total .................... 4,350 2,175 6,525 2 .1 2,824 2,800 24

1998 Total .................... 4,326 2,730 7,056 554 25.5 2,379 2,905 -526

1999 Total .................... 4,383 2,523 6,906 -207 -7.6 2,772 2,598 174

2000 Total .................... 4,352 1,719 6,071 -806 -31.9 3,498 2,684 814

2001 Total .................... 4,301 2,904 7,204 1,185 68.9 2,309 3,464 -1,156

2002 Total .................... 4,340 2,375 6,715 -528 -18.2 3,138 2,670 468

2003 Total .................... 4,303 2,563 6,866 187 7.9 3,099 3,292 -193

2004 Total .................... 4,201 2,696 6,897 133 5.2 3,037 3,150 -113

2005 Total .................... 4,200 2,635 6,835 -61 -2.3 3,057 3,002 55

2006 Total .................... 4,211 3,070 7,281 435 16.5 2,493 2,924 -431

2007 Total .................... 4,234 2,879 7,113 -191 -6.2 3,325 3,133 192

2008 January ................ 4,232 2,056 6,288 -327 -13.7 891 67 824

 February .............. 4,222 1,465 5,686 -187 -11.3 648 56 593

 March ................... 4,221 1,266 5,487 -337 -21.0 350 131 219

 April ..................... 4,222 1,436 5,659 -286 -16.6 106 296 -190

 May ...................... 4,225 1,840 6,065 -342 -15.7 56 461 -405

 June ..................... 4,230 2,178 6,407 -405 -15.7 81 423 -342

 July ...................... 4,228 2,517 6,745 -379 -13.1 88 430 -342

 August ................. 4,228 2,866 7,094 -155 -5.1 92 442 -350

 September ........... 4,230 3,161 7,391 -155 -4.7 98 398 -300

 October ................ 4,235 3,399 7,634 -166 -4.7 91 334 -242

 November ............ 4,232 3,346 7,577 -96 -2.8 250 193 57

 December ............ 4,232 2,840 7,073 -39 -1.4 622 110 513

 Total .................... 4,232 2,840 7,073 -39 -1.4 3,374 3,340 34

2009 January ................ 4,236 2,137 6,373 81 4.0 778 79 698

 February .............. 4,242 1,757 5,999 293 20.0 472 100 371

 March ................... 4,246 1,656 5,902 390 30.8 296 199 98

 April ..................... 4,252 1,903 6,155 467 32.5 107 354 -246

 May ...................... 4,253 2,367 6,620 527 28.7 45 512 -467

 June ..................... 4,260 2,752 7,012 575 26.4 62 449 -387

 July ...................... 4,266 3,086 7,352 569 22.6 83 413 -330

 August ................. 4,268 3,353 7,621 487 17.0 88 356 -268

 September ........... 4,278 3,643 7,921 482 15.3 57 346 -288

 October ................ 4,279 3,807 8,087 408 12.0 97 258 -161

 November ............ 4,284 3,833 8,117 487 14.6 140 171 -31

 December ............ 4,276 3,131 7,407 290 10.2 743 44 699

 Total .................... 4,276 3,131 7,407 290 10.2 2,968 3,281 -313

2010 January ................ 4,278 2,319 6,597 181 8.5 877 65 812

 February .............. 4,281 1,696 5,978 -61 -3.5 660 40 620

 March ................... 4,282 1,662 5,944 6 .4 240 204 36

 April ..................... 4,281 2,012 6,293 109 5.7 70 425 -355

 May ...................... 4,282 2,421 6,703 54 2.3 55 464 -409

 June ..................... 4,289 2,741 7,030 -11 -.4 64 385 -321

 6-Month Total ..... – – – – – – – – – – 1,968 1,584 383

2009 6-Month Total ..... – – – – – – – – – – 1,761 1,693 68

2008 6-Month Total ..... – – – – – – – – – – 2,131 1,433 698

a For total underground storage capacity at the end of each calendar year, see

Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.

b For 1980-2008, data differ from those shown on Table 4.1, which includes

liquefied natural gas storage for that period. c Positive numbers indicate that withdrawals are greater than injections.

Negative numbers indicate that injections are greater than withdrawals. Net

withdrawals or injections may not equal the difference between applicable ending

stocks. See Note 4, "Natural Gas Storage," at end of section.

– – =Not applicable. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/natgas.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Storage Activity: 1973-1975—U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual 1994, Volume 2, Table 9.

1976-1979—EIA, Natural Gas Production and Consumption 1979, Table 1.

1980-1995—EIA, Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930 Through 2000, Table 11. 

1996-2004—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), monthly issues. 2005

forward—EIA, NGM, August 2010, Table 6. • All Other Data: 1973 and

1974—American Gas Association (AGA), Gas Facts, 1972 Data, Table 57, Gas

Facts, 1973 Data, Table 57, and Gas Facts, 1974 Data, Table 40. 1975 and

1976—Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-G318-M-0, "Underground

Gas Storage Report," and Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-8,

"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1977 and 1978—EIA, Form FEA-G318-M-0,

"Underground Gas Storage Report," and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

(FERC), Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 1979-1995—EIA,

Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas Storage Report," and FERC, Form FERC-8,

"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1996-2006—EIA, NGM, monthly issues. 2007

forward—EIA, NGM, August 2010, Table 6. 
Natural Gas

Note 1. Natural Gas Production.

Annual data—Final annual data are from the U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) Natural Gas Annual

(NGA).

Estimated monthly data—Data for the two most recent

months presented are estimated. Some of the data for earlier

months are also estimated or computed. For a discussion of

computation and estimation procedures, see the EIA Natural

Gas Monthly (NGM).

Preliminary monthly data—Monthly data are considered

preliminary until after publication of the EIA NGA. Preliminary monthly data are gathered from reports to the Interstate

Oil Compact Commission and the U.S. Minerals Management

Service. Volumetric data are converted, as necessary, to a standard 14.73 psi pressure base. Unless there are major changes,

data are not revised until after publication of the EIA NGA.

Final monthly data—Differences between annual data in

the EIA NGA and the sum of preliminary monthly data

(January–December) are allocated proportionally to the

months to create final monthly data.

Note 2. Natural Gas Extraction Loss. Extraction loss is

the reduction in volume of natural gas resulting from the

removal of natural gas liquid constituents at natural gas

processing plants.

Annual data are from the EIA NGA, where they are estimated on the basis of the type and quantity of liquid products extracted from the gas stream and the calculated volume

of such products at standard conditions. For a detailed explanation of the calculations used to derive estimated extraction

losses, see the EIA NGA.

Preliminary monthly data are estimated on the basis of

extraction loss as an annual percentage of marketed

production. This percentage is applied to each month’s

marketed production to estimate monthly extraction loss.

Monthly data are revised and considered final after the publication of the EIA NGA. Final monthly data are estimated by

allocating annual extraction loss data to the months on the basis

of total natural gas marketed production data from the EIA

NGA.

Note 3. Supplemental Gaseous Fuels. Supplemental

gaseous fuels are any substances that, introduced into or

commingled with natural gas, increase the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not

limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke oven gas, still

gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, and air or inert gases

added for Btu stabilization.

Annual data beginning with 1980 are from the EIA NGA.

Unknown quantities of supplemental gaseous fuels are

included in consumption data for 1979 and earlier years.

Monthly data are considered preliminary until after the publication of the EIA NGA. Monthly estimates are based on the

annual ratio of supplemental gaseous fuels to the sum of dry

gas production, net imports, and net withdrawals from storage.

The ratio is applied to the monthly sum of the three elements

to compute a monthly supplemental gaseous fuels figure.

Although the total amount of supplemental gaseous fuels

consumed is known for 1980 forward, the amount consumed

by each energy-use sector is estimated by EIA. These estimates

are used to create natural gas (without supplemental gaseous

fuels) data for Tables 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.6 (note: to avoid

double-counting in these tables, supplemental gaseous fuels are

accounted for in their primary energy category: “Coal,” “Petroleum,” or “Biomass”). It is assumed that supplemental gaseous

fuels are commingled with natural gas consumed by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric power

sectors, but are not commingled with natural gas used for lease

and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, or vehicle fuel. The

estimated consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels by each

sector (residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric

power) is calculated as that sector’s natural gas consumption

(see Table 4.3) divided by the sum of natural gas consumption

by the residential, commercial, other industrial, and electric

power sectors (see Table 4.3), and then multiplied by total

supplemental gaseous fuels consumption (see Table 4.1). For

estimated sectoral consumption of supplemental gaseous fuels

in Btu, the residential, commercial, and other industrial values

in cubic feet are multiplied by the “End-Use Sectors” conversion factors (see Table A4), and the electric power values in

cubic feet are multiplied by the “Electric Power Sector” conversion factors (see Table A4). Total supplemental gaseous fuels

consumption in Btu is calculated as the sum of the Btu values

for the sectors.

Note 4. Natural Gas Storage. Natural gas in storage at

the end of a reporting period may not equal the quantity

derived by adding or subtracting net injections or withdrawals from the quantity in storage at the end of the previous

period. The difference is due to changes in the quantity of

native gas included in the base gas and/or losses in base gas

due to migration from storage reservoirs.

Total underground storage capacity at the end of each

calendar year since 1975 (first year data were available), in

billion cubic feet, was: 

1986 ... ... 8,145 1998 8,179

1985 ... ... 8,087 1997 8,332 2009 . . . 8,569*

1984 ... ... 8,043 1996 7,980 2008 . . . 8,499

1983 ... ... ... 7,985 1995 7,953 2007 8,402

1982 ... ... ... 7,915 1994 8,043 2006 8,330

1981 ... ... ... 7,805 1993 7,989 2005 8,268

1980 ... ... ... 7,434 1992 7,932 2004 8,255

1979 ... ... ... 6,929 1991 7,993 2003 8,206

1978 ... ... ... 6,890 1990 7,794 2002 8,207

1977 ... ... ... 6,678 1989 8,120 2001 8,415

1976 ... ... ... 6,544 1988 8,124 2000 8,241

1975 ... ... ... 6,280 1987 8,124 1999 8,229

* Preliminary

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 71
Monthly underground storage data are collected from the

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form

FERC-8 (interstate data) and EIA Form EIA-191 (intrastate

data). Beginning in January 1991, all data are collected on the

revised Form EIA-191. Injection and withdrawal data from the

FERC-8/EIA-191 survey are adjusted to correspond to data

from Form EIA-176 following publication of the EIA NGA.

The final monthly and annual storage and withdrawal data

for 1980–2008 include both underground and liquefied

natural gas (LNG) storage. Annual data on LNG additions and withdrawals are from Form EIA-176. Monthly

data are estimated by computing the ratio of each month’s

underground storage additions and withdrawals to annual

underground storage additions and withdrawals and

applying the ratio to the annual LNG data.

Note 5. Natural Gas Balancing Item. The balancing item

for natural gas represents the difference between the sum of

the components of natural gas supply and the sum of

components of natural gas disposition. The differences may

be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting

problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the

net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying

temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard

temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in

company accounting and billing practices; differences

between billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and

imbalances resulting from the merger of data reporting

systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type of

respondents.

The increase of 0.2 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in the “Balancing Item” category in 1983, followed by a decline of 0.5 Tcf

in 1984, reflected unusually large differences resulting from

the use of the annual billing cycle (essentially December 15

through the following December 14) consumption data in

conjunction with calendar year supply data. Record cold

temperatures during the last half of December 1983 resulted

in a reported 0.3 Tcf increase in net withdrawals from

underground storage for peak shaving as compared with the

same period in 1982, but the effect of this cold weather was

reflected primarily in 1984 consumption data. For

underground storage data, see Table F2 in the May 1985

EIA NGM, which was published in July 1985.

Note 6. Natural Gas Consumption. Consumption

includes use for lease and plant fuel, pipelines and distribution, vehicle fuel, and electric power plants, as well as

deliveries to residential, commercial, and other industrial

customers.

Final data for series other than “Other Industrial CHP” and

“Electric Power Sector” are from the EIA NGA. Monthly

data are considered preliminary until after publication of

the EIA NGA. For more detailed information on the methods of estimating preliminary and final monthly data, see

the EIA NGM.

Note 7. Natural Gas Consumption, 1989-1992. Prior to

1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form EIA176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas

Supply and Disposition.” As a result, for 1989 through

1992, those volumes are probably included in both the

industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in

total consumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was

reported as delivered to nonutility generators.

Note 8. Natural Gas Imports and Exports. The United

States imports natural gas via pipeline from Canada and

Mexico; and imports liquefied natural gas (LNG) via

tanker from Algeria, Australia, Brunei, Egypt, Equatorial

Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,

Qatar, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates,

and Yemen. In addition, very small amounts of LNG

arrived from Canada in 1973 (667 million cubic feet),

1977 (572 million cubic feet), and 1981 (6 million cubic

feet). The United States exports natural gas via tanker to

Japan, Russia, South Korea, and Spain. Also, small

amounts of LNG have gone to Mexico; since 1998.

Annual and final monthly data are from the annual EIA

Form FPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters

of Natural Gas,” which requires data to be reported by

month for the calendar year.

Preliminary monthly data are EIA estimates. For a discussion

of estimation procedures, see the EIA NGM. Preliminary data

are revised after the publication of the EIA U.S. Imports and

Exports of Natural Gas.

72 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Resource Development

5

New oil and gas drilling activity in Wyoming. Source: Dreamstime Stock Photos.
Figure 5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource Development Indicators

Rotary Rigs in Operation, Monthly Active Well Service Rig Count, Monthly

Wells Drilled, Monthly Footage Drilled, Monthly

Wells Drilled by Type Maximum U.S. Active Seismic Crew Counts

a

Federal and State Jurisdiction waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/resource.html.

b

All onshore. Sources: Tables 5.1-5.3. 

74 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

2.1

1.9

0.4

1.0

1.5

0.3

1.6

3.1

0.5

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

Thousand Wells

August 2008

August 2009

August 2010

52

13

0

51

9

0

60

12

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Number of Crews

August 2008

August 2009

August 2010

48 States,

Onshore

48 States,

Offshorea

2008

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Number of Rigs

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Number of Rigs

2010

2008

2010

2009

2009

2008

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Thousand Wells

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

10

20

30

40

2009

Million Feet

2009

2010

2010

2008

Wells Wells Wells

Alaskab
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 75

Table 5.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Drilling Activity Measurements

 (Number of Rigs)

Rotary Rigs in Operationa

Active

Well Service

Rig Countc

By Site By Type

Total Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas b

1973 Average ........................ 1,110 84 NA NA 1,194 2,008

1975 Average ........................ 1,554 106 NA NA 1,660 2,486

1980 Average ........................ 2,678 231 NA NA 2,909 4,089

1985 Average ........................ 1,774 206 NA NA 1,980 4,716

1990 Average ........................ 902 108 532 464 1,010 3,658

1995 Average ........................ 622 101 323 385 723 3,041

1996 Average ........................ 671 108 306 464 779 3,445

1997 Average ........................ 821 122 376 564 943 3,499

1998 Average ........................ 703 123 264 560 827 3,014

1999 Average ........................ 519 106 128 496 625 2,232

2000 Average ........................ 778 140 197 720 918 2,692

2001 Average ........................ 1,003 153 217 939 1,156 2,267

2002 Average ........................ 717 113 137 691 830 1,830

2003 Average ........................ 924 108 157 872 1,032 1,967

2004 Average ........................ 1,095 97 165 1,025 1,192 2,064

2005 Average ........................ 1,287 94 194 1,184 1,381 2,222

2006 Average ........................ 1,559 90 274 1,372 1,649 2,364

2007 Average ........................ 1,695 72 297 1,466 1,768 2,388

2008 January .......................... 1,690 60 321 1,421 1,749 2,476

 February ........................ 1,709 56 331 1,426 1,765 2,455

 March ............................. 1,737 60 343 1,444 1,797 2,457

 April ............................... 1,765 64 358 1,461 1,829 2,498

 May ................................ 1,794 68 375 1,478 1,863 2,546

 June ............................... 1,834 67 383 1,510 1,902 2,554

 July ................................ 1,865 67 380 1,543 1,932 2,567

 August ........................... 1,920 67 397 1,581 1,987 2,611

 September ..................... 1,942 72 417 1,585 2,014 2,612

 October .......................... 1,903 73 422 1,542 1,976 2,591

 November ...................... 1,872 63 426 1,498 1,935 2,469

 December ...................... 1,716 66 391 1,380 1,782 2,342

 Average ........................ 1,814 65 379 1,491 1,879 2,515

2009 January .......................... 1,487 66 328 1,215 1,553 2,152

 February ........................ 1,263 57 271 1,037 1,320 1,947

 March ............................. 1,059 46 225 867 1,105 1,825

 April ............................... 947 48 209 775 995 1,718

 May ................................ 864 54 187 723 918 1,646

 June ............................... 848 47 194 691 895 1,648

 July ................................ 893 38 245 675 931 1,629

 August ........................... 949 31 279 691 980 1,653

 September ..................... 976 33 293 704 1,009 1,579

 October .......................... 1,011 33 312 722 1,044 1,613

 November ...................... 1,071 36 362 734 1,107 1,625

 December ...................... 1,136 37 404 758 1,172 1,625

 Average ........................ 1,046 44 278 801 1,089 1,722

2010 January .......................... 1,225 42 433 822 1,267 1,706

 February ........................ 1,305 45 446 892 1,350 1,726

 March ............................. 1,368 51 471 933 1,419 1,754

 April ............................... 1,426 53 508 959 1,479 1,816

 May ................................ 1,464 49 541 960 1,513 1,818

 June ............................... 1,511 20 566 953 1,531 1,857

 July ................................ 1,558 15 591 971 1,573 1,852

 August ........................... 1,619 20 644 983 1,638 1,900

 8-Month Average ......... 1,438 36 526 936 1,474 1,804

2009 8-Month Average ......... 1,042 49 243 837 1,091 1,777

2008 8-Month Average ......... 1,791 64 362 1,484 1,854 2,521

a Rotary rigs in operation are reported weekly. Monthly data are averages of 4-

or 5-week reporting periods, not calendar months. Multi-month data are averages

of the reported data over the covered months, not averages of the weekly data.

Annual data are averages over 52 or 53 weeks, not calendar years. Published data

are rounded to the nearest whole number.

b Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not

shown) drilling for miscellaneous purposes, such as service wells, injection wells,

and stratigraphic tests. 

c The number of rigs doing true workovers (where tubing is pulled from the well),

or doing rod string and pump repair operations, and that are, on average, crewed

and working every day of the month. 

Note: Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/resource.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Rotary Rigs in Operation: By Site–Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston,

Texas, Rotary Rigs Running–by State. By Type–Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston,

Texas, weekly phone recording. • Active Well Service Rig Count: Cameron

International Corporation, Houston, Texas. 
76 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 5.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Wells Drilled

Total

Footage

Drilled

Exploratory Development Total

Crude

Oil

Natural

Gas Dry Total

Crude

Oil

Natural

Gas Dry Total

Crude

Oil

Natural

Gas Dry Total

Number

Thousand

Feet

1973 Total .................... 642 1,067 5,952 7,661 9,525 5,866 4,368 19,759 10,167 6,933 10,320 27,420 138,223

1975 Total .................... 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 180,494

1980 Total .................... 1,777 2,099 9,081 12,957 31,182 15,362 11,704 58,248 32,959 17,461 20,785 71,205 316,943

1985 Total .................... 1,680 1,200 8,954 11,834 33,581 13,124 12,257 58,962 35,261 14,324 21,211 70,796 314,409

1990 Total .................... 778 R 812 3,651 R 5,241 R 12,049 10,431 R 4,583 R 27,063 R 12,827 R 11,243 R 8,234 R 32,304 R 156,150

1995 Total .................... 570 R 557 2,023 R 3,150 R 7,674 7,524 R 2,790 R 17,988 R 8,244 R 8,081 R 4,813 R 21,138 R 117,363

1996 Total .................... 489 576 1,956 3,021 8,343 R 8,445 R 2,933 R 19,721 8,832 R 9,021 R 4,889 R 22,742 R 126,605

1997 Total .................... 491 561 2,113 3,165 R 10,711 R 10,935 R 3,756 R 25,402 R 11,202 R 11,496 R 5,869 R 28,567 R 161,684

1998 Total .................... 327 566 1,590 2,483 R 7,348 R 11,069 R 3,170 R 21,587 R 7,675 R 11,635 R 4,760 R 24,070 R 137,602

1999 Total .................... 197 R 567 1,157 R 1,921 R 4,589 R 11,454 2,396 R 18,439 R 4,786 R 12,021 3,553 R 20,360 R 103,007

2000 Total .................... 287 R 658 1,339 R 2,284 R 7,806 R 16,383 R 2,793 R 26,982 R 8,093 R 17,041 R 4,132 R 29,266 R 144,477

2001 Total .................... 358 1,052 1,724 3,134 8,528 21,011 2,841 R 32,380 8,886 22,063 4,565 35,514 180,085

2002 Total .................... 257 R 844 1,279 R 2,380 6,507 R 16,487 R 2,448 R 25,442 6,764 17,331 R 3,727 R 27,822 R 145,148

2003 Total .................... 352 R 997 1,299 R 2,648 7,761 R 19,705 R 2,671 R 30,137 8,113 R 20,702 R 3,970 R 32,785 R 177,415

2004 Total .................... 385 R 1,687 1,349 R 3,421 8,382 R 22,486 R 2,697 R 33,565 8,767 R 24,173 R 4,046 R 36,986 R 204,565

2005 Total .................... 539 R 2,152 R 1,471 R 4,162 10,171 26,482 R 3,188 R 39,841 10,710 R 28,634 R 4,659 R 44,003 R 241,078

2006 Total .................... 643 2,449 1,534 4,626 R 12,621 30,436 3,649 R 46,706 R 13,264 32,885 5,183 R 51,332 R 283,764

2007 Total .................... 822 2,839 R 1,597 R 5,258 R 12,519 30,254 3,484 R 46,257 R 13,341 33,093 R 5,081 R 51,515 R 306,454

2008 January ................ 90 216 154 460 R 1,108 2,382 270 R 3,760 R 1,198 2,598 424 R 4,220 R 26,066

 February .............. 82 239 111 432 1,109 2,304 249 3,662 1,191 2,543 360 4,094 R 25,665

 March ................... 67 236 134 437 1,119 2,407 279 3,805 1,186 2,643 413 4,242 R 27,132

 April ..................... 67 R 212 131 R 410 1,209 2,488 288 3,985 1,276 R 2,700 419 R 4,395 R 27,915

 May ...................... 95 224 137 456 R 1,344 2,580 241 R 4,165 R 1,439 2,804 378 R 4,621 R 29,522

 June ..................... 64 R 205 152 R 421 1,463 2,649 303 4,415 1,527 R 2,854 455 R 4,836 R 30,042

 July ...................... 77 R 170 179 R 426 1,432 2,746 340 4,518 1,509 R 2,916 519 R 4,944 R 30,310

 August ................. 70 R 183 153 R 406 1,490 2,902 R 382 R 4,774 1,560 R 3,085 R 535 R 5,180 R 30,592

 September ........... R 56 191 179 R 426 1,532 2,707 R 369 R 4,608 R 1,588 2,898 R 548 R 5,034 30,325

 October ................ 90 275 178 543 1,592 2,980 377 4,949 1,682 3,255 555 5,492 R 33,312

 November ............ 103 217 173 493 1,404 2,515 340 4,259 1,507 2,732 513 4,752 R 30,897

 December ............ R 67 190 146 R 403 1,265 2,299 328 3,892 R 1,332 2,489 474 R 4,295 R 27,211

 Total .................... R 928 R 2,558 1,827 R 5,313 R 16,067 30,959 R 3,766 R 50,792 R 16,995 R 33,517 R 5,593 R 56,105 R 348,989

2009 January ................ R 86 193 111 R 390 1,252 2,340 255 3,847 R 1,338 2,533 366 R 4,237 R 26,356

 February .............. 68 158 93 319 1,064 1,920 235 3,219 1,132 2,078 328 3,538 R 21,925

 March ................... 65 167 99 331 904 1,851 224 2,979 969 2,018 323 3,310 R 20,804

 April ..................... 38 84 102 224 768 1,429 223 2,420 806 1,513 325 2,644 R 16,464

 May ...................... 55 110 91 256 598 R 1,206 161 R 1,965 653 R 1,316 252 R 2,221 R 13,965

 June ..................... 42 95 83 R 220 804 1,361 198 2,363 846 1,456 281 2,583 R 15,993

 July ...................... 44 103 103 250 822 1,275 R 222 R 2,319 866 1,378 R 325 R 2,569 R 15,778

 August ................. 44 89 99 232 924 1,441 229 2,594 968 1,530 328 2,826 R 17,408

 September ........... 53 83 105 241 990 1,238 229 2,457 1,043 1,321 334 2,698 R 16,349

 October ................ 60 87 84 231 R 1,023 1,298 251 R 2,572 R 1,083 1,385 335 R 2,803 R 17,024

 November ............ 45 99 87 231 1,040 R 1,178 198 R 2,416 1,085 R 1,277 285 R 2,647 R 15,892

 December ............ 38 102 94 234 987 R 1,144 217 R 2,348 1,025 R 1,246 311 R 2,582 R 15,557

 Total .................... R 638 1,370 1,151 R 3,159 R 11,176 R 17,681 R 2,642 R 31,499 R 11,814 R 19,051 R 3,793 R 34,658 R 213,515

2010 January ................ 69 101 103 273 1,056 R 1,328 196 R 2,580 1,125 R 1,429 299 R 2,853 R 17,383

 February .............. R 52 R 81 R 80 R 213 R 1,003 R 1,307 R 168 R 2,478 R 1,055 R 1,388 R 248 R 2,691 R 16,429

 March ................... R 83 141 114 R 338 R 1,307 1,671 267 R 3,245 R 1,390 1,812 381 R 3,583 R 21,818

 April ..................... 85 142 119 346 R 1,432 1,728 282 R 3,442 R 1,517 1,870 401 R 3,788 R 22,973

 May ...................... R 97 140 120 R 357 R 1,561 1,672 290 R 3,523 R 1,658 1,812 410 R 3,880 R 23,359

 June ..................... 116 141 122 379 R 1,640 1,741 274 R 3,655 R 1,756 1,882 396 R 4,034 R 24,330

 July ...................... 114 141 124 379 R 1,749 1,707 277 R 3,733 R 1,863 1,848 401 R 4,112 R 24,648

 August ................. 120 141 129 390 1,934 1,749 280 3,963 2,054 1,890 409 4,353 25,964

 8-Month Total ..... 736 1,028 911 2,675 11,682 12,903 2,034 26,619 12,418 13,931 2,945 29,294 176,904

2009 8-Month Total ..... 442 999 781 2,222 7,136 12,823 1,747 21,706 7,578 13,822 2,528 23,928 148,693

2008 8-Month Total ..... 612 1,685 1,151 3,448 10,274 20,458 2,352 33,084 10,886 22,143 3,503 36,532 227,244

R=Revised. 

Notes: • Prior to 1990, these well counts include only the original drilling of a

hole intended to discover or further develop already discovered crude oil or natural

gas resources. Other drilling activities, such as drilling an old well deeper, drilling of

laterals from the original well, drilling of service and injection wells, and drilling for

resources other than crude oil or natural gas are excluded. After 1990, a new well

is defined as the first hole in the ground whether it is lateral or not. Due to the

methodology used to estimate ultimate well counts from the available partially

reported data, the counts shown on this page are frequently revised. See Note,

"Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells," at end of section.

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/resource.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: • 1973-1989: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

computations based on well reports submitted to the American Petroleum Institute. 

• 1990 forward: EIA computations based on well reports submitted to IHS, Inc.,

Denver, CO. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 77

Table 5.3 Maximum U.S. Active Seismic Crew Counts 

 (Number of Crews)

48 States, Onshore 48 States, Offshorea Alaskab

Total

Dimensionsc

Totald

Dimensionsc

Totald

Dimensionsc

Totald 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4

2000 August ................. 4 40 1 45 7 7 0 15 0 1 0 1 61

2001 August ................. 8 32 1 41 7 8 0 15 0 0 0 0 56

2002 August ................. 7 26 0 33 8 7 0 15 1 1 0 2 50

2003 August ................. 8 22 0 30 7 4 0 11 1 1 0 2 43

2004 August ................. 8 31 0 39 4 4 0 8 0 2 0 2 49

2005 August ................. 8 35 0 43 6 5 0 11 0 1 0 1 55

2006 August ................. 4 49 0 53 3 5 0 8 0 1 0 1 62

2007 January ................ 3 51 0 54 3 5 0 8 0 1 0 1 63

 February .............. 3 51 0 54 3 5 0 8 0 1 0 1 63

 March ................... 4 55 0 59 3 5 0 8 0 1 0 1 68

 April ..................... 4 55 0 59 4 6 1 11 0 1 0 1 71

 May ...................... 3 55 0 58 4 6 1 11 0 1 0 1 70

 June ..................... 3 55 0 58 3 6 1 10 0 1 0 1 69

 July ...................... 2 57 0 59 3 6 1 10 0 0 0 0 69

 August ................. 2 56 0 58 4 8 1 13 0 0 0 0 71

 September ........... 3 58 0 61 3 8 1 12 0 0 0 0 73

 October ................ 4 60 0 65 3 8 1 12 0 0 0 0 77

 November ............ 4 60 0 65 3 10 1 14 0 0 0 0 79

 December ............ 5 54 0 60 4 10 1 15 0 0 0 0 75

2008 January ................ 6 55 0 61 4 10 1 15 0 0 0 0 76

 February .............. 6 55 0 61 4 11 1 16 0 0 0 0 77

 March ................... 6 54 0 60 3 11 1 15 0 0 0 0 75

 April ..................... 4 53 0 57 3 11 1 15 0 0 0 0 72

 May ...................... 4 54 0 58 3 11 1 15 0 0 0 0 73

 June ..................... 2 56 0 58 3 11 1 15 0 0 0 0 73

 July ...................... 2 58 0 60 3 8 1 12 0 0 0 0 72

 August ................. 2 58 0 60 3 8 1 12 0 0 0 0 72

 September ........... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

 October ................ 4 60 0 65 3 8 1 12 0 0 0 0 77

 November ............ 2 61 0 63 1 7 1 9 0 0 0 0 72

 December ............ 2 62 0 64 2 7 0 9 0 0 0 0 73

2009 January ................ 2 63 0 65 2 8 0 10 0 0 0 0 75

 February .............. 3 62 0 65 2 9 0 11 0 0 0 0 76

 March ................... 3 59 0 62 2 8 0 10 0 0 0 0 72

 April ..................... 3 57 0 60 2 8 0 10 0 0 0 0 70

 May ...................... 2 54 0 56 2 7 0 9 0 0 0 0 65

 June ..................... 2 50 0 52 2 6 0 8 0 0 0 0 60

 July ...................... 2 51 0 53 2 6 0 8 0 0 0 0 61

 August ................. 2 49 0 51 3 6 0 9 0 0 0 0 60

 September ........... 1 49 0 50 4 6 0 10 0 0 0 0 60

 October ................ 1 50 0 51 5 7 0 12 0 0 0 0 63

 November ............ 0 49 0 49 5 8 0 13 0 0 0 0 62

 December ............ 0 49 0 49 5 8 0 13 0 1 0 1 63

2010 January ................ 0 50 0 50 5 8 0 13 0 1 0 1 64

 February .............. 0 51 0 51 5 8 0 13 0 1 0 1 65

 March ................... 0 49 0 49 5 8 0 13 0 1 0 1 63

 April ..................... 1 51 0 52 5 8 0 13 0 1 0 1 66

 May ...................... 1 50 0 52 5 9 0 14 0 1 0 1 67

 June ..................... 2 50 0 52 4 10 0 14 0 1 0 1 67

 July ...................... 2 51 0 53 3 10 0 13 0 1 0 1 67

 August ................. 2 50 0 52 4 9 0 13 0 0 0 0 65

a Federal and State Jurisdiction waters of the Gulf of Mexico. b All onshore. c In two-dimensional (2D) reflection seismic surveying both the sound source and the sound

detectors (numbering up to a hundred or more per shot) are moved along a straight line. The

resultant product can be thought of as a vertical sonic cross-section of the subsurface beneath

the survey line. It is constructed by summing many compressional (pressure) wave reflections

from the various sound source and sound detector locations at the halfway sound path points

beneath each location (common depth point stacking). In three-dimensional (3D) reflection

seismic surveying the sound detectors (numbering up to a thousand or more) are spread out over

an area and the sound source is moved from location to location through the area. The resultant

product can be thought of as a cube of common depth point stacked reflections. Advantages

over 2D include the additional dimension, the fact that many more reflections are available for

stacking at each point, which provides greatly improved resolution of subsurface features, and

elimination of the "ghost" or "side swipe" reflections from nearby offline features that 2D surveys

are prone to (except, of course, along the outer faces of the cube). Four dimensional (4D)

reflection seismic surveying is the exact repetition of a 3D survey at two or more time intervals. 

The primary application of 4D is mapping the movement of fluid interfaces in producing oil and

gas reservoirs. d Includes crews with unknown survey dimension.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • A "seismic crew" is a group of people, of varying number, engaged in a seismic

surveying job. • "48 States" is the United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. • Data are

reported on the first and fifteenth of each month, except January when they are reported only on

the fifteenth. When semi-monthly values differ for the month, the larger of the two values is

shown here. Consequently, this table reflects the maximum number of crews at work at any time

during the month.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/resource.html for all available data beginning in

March 2000.

Source: World Geophysical News, IHS, Inc., Denver, CO, used with permission.
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resource

Development 

Note. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and

Development Wells. Three well types are considered in the

Monthly Energy Review (MER) drilling statistics:

“completed for crude oil,” “completed for natural gas,” and

“dry hole.” Wells that productively encounter both crude

oil and natural gas are categorized as “completed for crude

oil.” Both development wells and exploratory wells (new

field wildcats, new pool tests, and extension tests) are

included in the statistics. All other classes of wells drilled in

connection with the search for producible hydrocarbons are

excluded. If a lateral is drilled at the same time as the original

hole it is not counted separately, but its footage is included.

Prior to the March 1985 MER, drilling statistics consisted of

completion data for the above types and classes of wells as

reported to the American Petroleum Institute (API) during a

given month. Due to time lags between the date of well

completion and the date of completion reporting to the API,

as-reported well completions proved to be an inaccurate

indicator of drilling activity. During 1982, for example,

as-reported well completions rose, while the number of

actual completions fell. Consequently, the drilling statistics

published since the March 1985 MER are U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) estimates produced by

statistically imputing well counts and footage based on the

partial data available from the API. These estimates are

subject to continuous revision as new data, some of which

pertain to earlier months and years, become available.

Additional information about the EIA estimation

methodology may be found in “Estimating Well

Completions,” a feature article published in the March 1985

MER. 

78 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Coal

6

Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 6.1 Coal

(Million Short Tons)

Overview, 1973-2009 Overview, Monthly

Consumption by Sector, 1973-2009 Electric Power Sector Consumption, Monthly

Stocks, End of Year, 1973-2009 Electric Power Sector Stocks, End of Month

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/coal.html.

Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3.

80 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

2008 2009 2010

2008 

 Electric Power 

Consumption

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

153

196

180

June June June

0

60

120

180

240

Net Exports

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100

150

200

250

Production

Consumption

Net Exports

Production

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Industrial 2008 2009 2010

2009 2010

Total

Electric Power 

Producers and Distributors
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 81

Table 6.1 Coal Overview

 (Thousand Short Tons)

Productiona

Waste

Coal

Suppliedb

Trade

Stock

Changed

Losses and

Unaccounted

for Imports Exports Net Importsc e Consumption

1973 Total .................... 598,568 NA 127 53,587 -53,460 f ( ) f -17,476 562,584

1975 Total .................... 654,641 NA 940 66,309 -65,369 32,154 -5,522 562,640

1980 Total .................... 829,700 NA 1,194 91,742 -90,548 25,595 10,827 702,730

1985 Total .................... 883,638 NA 1,952 92,680 -90,727 -27,934 2,796 818,049

1990 Total .................... 1,029,076 3,339 2,699 105,804 -103,104 26,542 -1,730 904,498

1995 Total .................... 1,032,974 8,561 9,473 88,547 -79,074 -275 632 962,104

1996 Total .................... 1,063,856 8,778 8,115 90,473 -82,357 -17,456 1,411 1,006,321

1997 Total .................... 1,089,932 8,096 7,487 83,545 -76,058 -11,253 3,678 1,029,544

1998 Total .................... 1,117,535 8,690 8,724 78,048 -69,324 24,228 -4,430 1,037,103

1999 Total .................... 1,100,431 8,683 9,089 58,476 -49,387 23,988 -2,906 1,038,647

2000 Total .................... 1,073,612 9,089 12,513 58,489 -45,976 -48,309 938 1,084,095

2001 Total .................... 1,127,689 10,085 19,787 48,666 -28,879 41,630 7,120 1,060,146

2002 Total .................... 1,094,283 9,052 16,875 39,601 -22,726 10,215 4,040 1,066,355

2003 Total .................... 1,071,753 10,016 25,044 43,014 -17,970 -26,659 -4,403 1,094,861

2004 Total .................... 1,112,099 11,299 27,280 47,998 -20,718 -11,462 6,887 1,107,255

2005 Total .................... 1,131,498 13,352 30,460 49,942 -19,482 -9,702 9,092 1,125,978

2006 Total .................... 1,162,750 14,409 36,246 49,647 -13,401 42,642 8,824 1,112,292

2007 Total .................... 1,146,635 14,076 36,347 59,163 -22,816 5,812 4,085 1,127,998

2008 January ................ 98,587 1,301 2,381 4,915 -2,535 -3,937 -98 101,389

 February .............. 93,525 1,138 2,619 4,205 -1,586 -3,763 3,399 93,442

 March ................... 96,903 1,014 2,640 6,682 -4,041 3,043 679 90,154

 April ..................... 97,287 1,086 2,985 7,979 -4,994 9,314 604 83,462

 May ...................... 96,725 1,175 2,702 8,394 -5,692 3,271 1,129 87,807

 June ..................... 90,319 1,160 3,295 6,695 -3,401 -8,840 882 96,036

 July ...................... 99,132 1,295 2,569 6,404 -3,835 -10,205 2,073 104,724

 August ................. 100,428 1,214 3,144 5,264 -2,120 -4,738 1,870 102,390

 September ........... 99,351 1,163 2,772 8,653 -5,881 6,047 -3,323 91,909

 October ................ 104,390 1,145 2,921 8,233 -5,312 13,226 69 86,927

 November ............ 95,405 1,153 2,988 7,460 -4,472 9,224 -4,287 87,149

 December ............ 99,758 1,303 3,192 6,636 -3,444 -289 2,744 95,162

 Total .................... 1,171,809 14,146 34,208 81,519 -47,311 12,354 5,740 1,120,548

2009 January ................ 96,568 1,258 2,329 4,907 -2,578 -1,985 506 96,727

 February .............. 89,266 881 1,855 3,822 -1,968 7,923 -119 80,375

 March ................... 95,610 965 2,141 4,605 -2,464 12,417 3,679 78,014

 April ..................... 88,944 944 1,303 3,513 -2,210 13,460 2,123 72,095

 May ...................... 85,122 854 2,283 3,552 -1,269 7,523 1,799 75,384

 June ..................... 88,582 999 1,840 5,886 -4,045 2,793 -1,257 83,999

 July ...................... 90,606 1,107 2,018 4,477 -2,459 -872 742 89,383

 August ................. 90,069 1,089 1,568 5,056 -3,488 -5,046 768 91,948

 September ........... 87,945 1,013 1,854 5,625 -3,771 4,749 1,353 79,085

 October ................ 88,086 1,050 1,762 6,364 -4,603 4,362 -358 80,528

 November ............ 85,645 1,090 1,506 5,586 -4,080 2,605 1,214 78,836

 December ............ 86,310 1,186 2,179 5,703 -3,524 -14,219 4,142 94,049

 Total .................... 1,072,752 12,435 22,639 59,097 -36,458 33,711 14,594 1,000,424

2010 January ................ 85,589 1,163 1,665 5,866 -4,202 -13,482 -503 96,536

 February .............. 82,968 844 1,239 5,386 -4,146 -7,944 1,686 85,923

 March ................... 96,760 1,094 1,899 6,554 -4,655 7,934 2,608 82,657

 April ..................... R 91,010 R 1,026 1,812 7,358 -5,545 R 11,953 R 1,491 R 73,047

 May ...................... R 85,456 R 1,110 1,475 7,220 -5,745 R 2,458 R -3,350 R 81,713

 June ..................... R 88,666 R 1,135 1,771 7,387 -5,616 R -10,607 R 1,773 R 93,019

 July ...................... 89,870 NA R 1,390 R 6,928 R -5,539 NA NA NA

 August ................. 92,410 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

 8-Month Total ..... 712,729 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

2009 8-Month Total ..... 724,766 8,096 15,337 35,819 -20,482 36,214 8,242 667,925

2008 8-Month Total ..... 772,906 9,382 22,335 50,538 -28,203 -15,854 10,537 759,402

a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal

recaptured from a refuse mine and cleaned to reduce the concentration of

noncombustible materials).

b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry

dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric

power and industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as

a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in

"Consumption." c Net imports equal imports minus exports. A minus sign indicates exports are

greater than imports. 

d A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a positive value indicates an

increase. e "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports,

and waste coal supplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption. f In 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • For methodology used to calculate production, consumption, and

stocks, see Note 1, "Coal Production," Note 2, "Coal Consumption," and Note 3,

"Coal Stocks," at end of section. • Data values preceded by "F" are derived from

the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Short-Term Integrated Forecasting

System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. • Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is

the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/coal.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
82 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 6.2 Coal Consumption by Sector

 (Thousand Short Tons)

End-Use Sectors

Electric

Power

Sectore,f Total

Residential

Commercial Industrial

TransCHPa Otherb Total portationCoke

Plants

Other Industrial

CHP Total c Non-CHPd Total

1973 Total ................ 4,113 g ( ) 7,004 7,004 94,101 h ( ) 68,038 68,038 162,139 116 389,212 562,584

1975 Total ................ 2,823 g ( ) 6,587 6,587 83,598 h ( ) 63,646 63,646 147,244 24 405,962 562,640

1980 Total ................ 1,355 g ( ) 5,097 5,097 66,657 h ( ) 60,347 60,347 127,004 h ( ) 569,274 702,730

1985 Total ................ 1,711 g ( ) 6,068 6,068 41,056 h ( ) 75,372 75,372 116,429 h ( ) 693,841 818,049

1990 Total ................ 1,345 1,191 4,189 5,379 38,877 27,781 48,549 76,330 115,207 h ( ) 782,567 904,498

1995 Total ................ 755 1,419 3,633 5,052 33,011 29,363 43,693 73,055 106,067 h ( ) 850,230 962,104

1996 Total ................ 721 1,660 3,625 5,285 31,706 29,434 42,254 71,689 103,395 h ( ) 896,921 1,006,321

1997 Total ................ 711 1,738 4,015 5,752 30,203 29,853 41,661 71,515 101,718 h ( ) 921,364 1,029,544

1998 Total ................ 534 1,443 2,879 4,322 28,189 28,553 38,887 67,439 95,628 h ( ) 936,619 1,037,103

1999 Total ................ 585 1,490 2,803 4,293 28,108 27,763 36,975 64,738 92,846 h ( ) 940,922 1,038,647

2000 Total ................ 454 1,547 2,126 3,673 28,939 28,031 37,177 65,208 94,147 h ( ) 985,821 1,084,095

2001 Total ................ 481 1,448 2,441 3,888 26,075 25,755 39,514 65,268 91,344 h ( ) 964,433 1,060,146

2002 Total ................ 533 1,405 2,506 3,912 23,656 26,232 34,515 60,747 84,403 h ( ) 977,507 1,066,355

2003 Total ................ 551 1,816 1,869 3,685 24,248 24,846 36,415 61,261 85,509 h ( ) 1,005,116 1,094,861

2004 Total ................ 512 1,917 2,693 4,610 23,670 26,613 35,582 62,195 85,865 h ( ) 1,016,268 1,107,255

2005 Total ................ 378 1,922 2,420 4,342 23,434 25,875 34,465 60,340 83,774 h ( ) 1,037,485 1,125,978

2006 Total ................ 290 1,886 1,050 2,936 22,957 25,262 34,210 59,472 82,429 h ( ) 1,026,636 1,112,292

2007 Total ................ 353 1,927 1,247 3,173 22,715 22,537 34,078 56,615 79,331 h ( ) 1,045,141 1,127,998

2008 January ............ 40 197 159 356 1,834 1,954 2,746 4,700 6,534 h ( ) 94,459 101,389

 February .......... 36 181 146 327 1,792 1,850 2,811 4,661 6,452 h ( ) 86,626 93,442

 March ............... 35 176 142 317 1,910 1,879 2,797 4,676 6,586 h ( ) 83,215 90,154

 April ................. 23 144 63 207 1,864 1,803 2,812 4,615 6,478 h ( ) 76,753 83,462

 May .................. 23 145 64 208 1,911 1,857 2,751 4,609 6,520 h ( ) 81,056 87,807

 June ................. 28 177 78 255 1,805 1,772 2,828 4,600 6,406 h ( ) 89,347 96,036

 July .................. 25 169 53 222 1,915 1,871 2,659 4,530 6,445 h ( ) 98,032 104,724

 August ............. 25 168 53 221 2,034 1,841 2,680 4,521 6,555 h ( ) 95,590 102,390

 September ....... 23 155 49 203 1,818 1,783 2,706 4,489 6,307 h ( ) 85,376 91,909

 October ............ 27 150 96 246 2,208 1,787 2,676 4,463 6,671 h ( ) 79,982 86,927

 November ........ 30 166 107 272 1,626 1,721 2,616 4,337 5,963 h ( ) 80,883 87,149

 December ........ 36 195 125 320 1,353 1,784 2,409 4,194 5,547 h ( ) 89,259 95,162

 Total ................ 351 2,021 1,134 3,155 22,070 21,902 32,491 54,393 76,463 h ( ) 1,040,580 1,120,548

2009 January ............ 39 196 158 354 1,390 1,762 2,259 4,022 5,412 h ( ) 90,921 96,727

 February .......... 35 172 139 311 1,449 1,662 2,417 4,078 5,527 h ( ) 74,503 80,375

 March ............... 33 164 133 297 1,559 1,738 2,246 3,984 5,543 h ( ) 72,141 78,014

 April ................. 22 129 69 198 1,150 1,514 2,011 3,525 4,676 h ( ) 67,199 72,095

 May .................. 21 124 67 191 1,118 1,564 1,956 3,520 4,638 h ( ) 70,534 75,384

 June ................. 23 136 73 208 1,134 1,606 1,900 3,506 4,640 h ( ) 79,128 83,999

 July .................. 21 137 49 187 1,032 1,696 1,957 3,653 4,685 h ( ) 84,491 89,383

 August ............. 21 142 51 193 1,168 1,660 2,053 3,713 4,882 h ( ) 86,852 91,948

 September ....... 20 131 47 178 1,250 1,574 2,175 3,750 5,000 h ( ) 73,887 79,085

 October ............ 25 134 91 226 1,431 1,611 2,233 3,844 5,275 h ( ) 75,002 80,528

 November ........ 28 152 103 255 1,274 1,551 2,331 3,881 5,156 h ( ) 73,397 78,836

 December ........ 32 173 118 291 1,371 1,722 2,153 3,874 5,245 h ( ) 88,481 94,049

 Total ................ 321 1,790 1,099 2,889 15,326 19,660 25,691 45,352 60,678 h ( ) 936,536 1,000,424

2010 January ............ 39 193 156 349 1,472 2,036 2,054 4,090 5,562 h ( ) 90,587 96,536

 February .......... 34 169 136 305 1,584 1,937 2,168 4,105 5,689 h ( ) 79,896 85,923

 March ............... 31 154 125 279 1,801 2,095 2,046 4,141 5,941 h ( ) 76,405 82,657

 April ................. R 20 124 R 53 R 177 R 1,786 1,644 R 2,240 R 3,885 R 5,671 h ( ) 67,179 R 73,047

 May .................. R 20 124 R 53 R 177 R 1,794 1,938 R 1,963 R 3,901 R 5,695 h ( ) 75,822 R 81,713

 June ................. 21 135 58 193 1,772 1,920 1,955 3,875 5,647 h ( ) 87,158 93,019

 6-Month Total 164 899 581 1,479 10,209 11,570 12,426 23,996 34,205 h ( ) 477,047 512,895

2009 6-Month Total 173 920 639 1,559 7,800 9,846 12,789 22,636 30,436 h ( ) 454,427 486,595

2008 6-Month Total 186 1,019 651 1,670 11,116 11,115 16,745 27,860 38,976 h ( ) 511,457 552,289

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of

commercial electricity-only plants, such as those at hospitals and universities. 

See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of

Section 7. 

b All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial

electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use

Sectors," at end of Section 7. 

d All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial

CHP."

e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heatand-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is

to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. f Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in

1989, data also include consumption at independent power producers.

g Included in "Commercial Other." h Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

R=Revised. 

Notes: • CHP monthly values are from Table 7.4c; electric power sector

monthly values are from Table 7.4b; all other monthly values are estimates

derived from collected quarterly and annual data. See Note 2, "Coal

Consumption," at end of section. • Data values preceded by "F" are derived from

the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Short-Term Integrated Forecasting

System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. • Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage

is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/coal.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 83

Table 6.3 Coal Stocks by Sector

 (Thousand Short Tons)

Producers

and

Distributors

End-Use Sectors

Electric

Power

Sectorb,c Total

Residential

and

Commercial

Industrial

Coke Plants Other Total a Total

1973 Year ..................... 12,530 290 6,998 10,370 17,368 17,658 86,967 117,155

1975 Year ..................... 12,108 233 8,797 8,529 17,326 17,559 110,724 140,391

1980 Year ..................... 24,379 NA 9,067 11,951 21,018 21,018 183,010 228,407

1985 Year ..................... 33,133 NA 3,420 10,438 13,857 13,857 156,376 203,367

1990 Year ..................... 33,418 NA 3,329 8,716 12,044 12,044 156,166 201,629

1995 Year ..................... 34,444 NA 2,632 5,702 8,334 8,334 126,304 169,083

1996 Year ..................... 28,648 NA 2,667 5,688 8,355 8,355 114,623 151,627

1997 Year ..................... 33,973 NA 1,978 5,597 7,576 7,576 98,826 140,374

1998 Year ..................... 36,530 NA 2,026 5,545 7,571 7,571 120,501 164,602

1999 Year ..................... 39,475 NA 1,943 5,569 7,511 7,511 c 141,604 188,590

2000 Year ..................... 31,905 NA 1,494 4,587 6,081 6,081 102,296 140,282

2001 Year ..................... 35,900 NA 1,510 6,006 7,516 7,516 138,496 181,912

2002 Year ..................... 43,257 NA 1,364 5,792 7,156 7,156 141,714 192,127

2003 Year ..................... 38,277 NA 905 4,718 5,623 5,623 121,567 165,468

2004 Year ..................... 41,151 NA 1,344 4,842 6,186 6,186 106,669 154,006

2005 Year ..................... 34,971 NA 2,615 5,582 8,196 8,196 101,137 144,304

2006 Year ..................... 36,548 NA 2,928 6,506 9,434 9,434 140,964 186,946

2007 Year ..................... 33,977 NA 1,936 5,624 7,560 7,560 151,221 192,758

2008 January ................ 34,252 F 463 1,778 5,355 7,133 7,596 146,973 188,821

 February .............. 35,114 F 456 1,620 5,087 6,707 7,162 142,782 185,058

 March ................... 34,876 448 1,462 4,818 6,280 6,728 146,497 188,101

 April ..................... 36,494 458 1,560 4,873 6,433 6,891 154,029 197,414

 May ...................... 34,223 468 1,658 4,928 6,586 7,055 159,408 200,686

 June ..................... 32,086 478 1,756 4,983 6,740 7,218 152,542 191,846

 July ...................... 31,693 490 1,828 5,058 6,886 7,376 142,572 181,642

 August ................. 30,017 502 1,899 5,133 7,033 7,535 139,352 176,904

 September ........... 31,354 514 1,971 5,208 7,179 7,693 143,903 182,950

 October ................ 32,444 508 2,091 5,475 7,565 8,074 155,659 196,177

 November ............ 33,556 503 2,211 5,741 7,952 8,455 163,390 205,401

 December ........... 34,688 498 2,331 6,007 8,338 8,836 161,589 205,112

2009 January ................ 38,394 490 2,260 5,788 8,049 8,539 156,194 203,127

 February .............. 42,066 483 2,190 5,570 7,760 8,243 160,741 211,050

 March ................... 41,257 475 2,119 5,352 7,471 7,946 174,264 223,468

 April ..................... 43,195 477 2,000 5,266 7,266 7,744 185,989 236,928

 May ...................... 41,622 480 1,880 5,181 7,061 7,541 195,288 244,451

 June ..................... 44,018 482 1,760 5,096 6,856 7,338 195,887 247,244

 July ...................... 45,372 496 1,703 5,099 6,802 7,298 193,702 246,372

 August ................. 42,457 510 1,647 5,101 6,748 7,259 191,611 241,326

 September ........... 41,690 524 1,590 5,104 6,695 7,219 197,167 246,075

 October ................ 43,882 526 1,686 5,106 6,792 7,318 199,238 250,437

 November ............ 42,217 527 1,781 5,108 6,889 7,416 203,409 253,042

 December ........... 41,257 529 1,957 5,109 7,066 7,595 189,971 238,823

2010 January ................ 42,393 509 1,832 4,791 6,623 7,132 175,815 225,341

 February .............. 41,825 490 1,708 4,472 6,180 6,669 168,902 217,396

 March ................... 43,692 470 1,583 4,153 5,736 6,207 175,432 225,331

 April ..................... 44,153 R 482 R 1,715 R 4,193 R 5,908 R 6,390 186,741 R 237,284

 May ...................... 43,787 R 494 R 1,846 R 4,233 R 6,080 R 6,574 189,381 R 239,742

 June ..................... 42,206 506 1,978 4,274 6,251 6,757 180,172 229,135

a Through 1977, data are for stocks held by the manufacturing and

transportation sectors. Beginning in 1978, data are for stocks held at manufacturing

plants only.

b The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-andpower (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

c Through 1998, data are for stocks at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999,

data also include stocks at independent power producers.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. F=Forecast. 

Notes: • Stocks are at end of period. • Electric power sector monthly values

are from Table 7.5; producers and distributors monthly values are estimates

derived from collected annual data; all other monthly values are estimates derived

from collected quarterly values. • Data values preceded by "F" are derived from

the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Short-Term Integrated Forecasting

System. See Note 4, "Coal Forecast Values," at end of section. • Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is

the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/coal.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
Coal 

Note 1. Coal Production. Preliminary monthly estimates

of national coal production are the sum of weekly estimates

developed by the U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) and published in the Weekly Coal Production report.

When a week extends into a new month, production is allocated on a daily basis and added to the appropriate month.

Weekly estimates are based on Association of American

Railroads (AAR) data showing the number of railcars

loaded with coal during the week by Class I and certain

other railroads.

Prior to 2002, the weekly coal production model converted

AAR data into short tons of coal by using the average

number of short tons of coal per railcar loaded reported in

the “Quarterly Freight Commodity Statistics” from the

Surface Transportation Board. If an average coal tonnage

per railcar loaded was not available for a specific railroad,

the national average was used. To derive the estimate of

total weekly production, the total rail tonnage for the week

was divided by the ratio of quarterly production shipped by

rail and total quarterly production. Data for the corresponding quarter of previous years were used to derive this ratio.

This method ensured that the seasonal variations were

preserved in the production estimates.

Beginning in 2002, the weekly coal production model uses

statistical autoregressive methods to estimate national coal

production as a function of railcar loadings of coal, and

heating degree-days and cooling degree-days. On Thursday

of each week, EIA receives from the AAR data for the

previous week. The latest weekly national data for heating

degree-days and cooling degree-days are obtained from the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s

Climate Prediction Center. The weekly coal model is run

and a national level coal production estimate is obtained.

The weekly coal model is refit every quarter after preliminary coal data are available.

When preliminary quarterly data become available, the

monthly and weekly estimates are adjusted to conform to the

quarterly figures. The adjustment procedure uses State-level

production data and is explained in EIA's Quarterly Coal

Report. Initial estimates of annual production published in

January of the following year are based on preliminary

production data covering the first nine months (three quarters) and weekly/monthly estimates for the fourth quarter.

The fourth quarter estimates may or may not be revised

when preliminary data become available in March of the

following year, depending on the magnitude of the difference between the estimates and the preliminary data. In any

event, all quarterly, monthly, and weekly production figures

are adjusted to conform to the final annual production data

published in the Monthly Energy Review in the fall of the

following year.

Note 2. Coal Consumption. Coal consumption data are

reported by major end-use sector. Forecast data (designated

by an “F”) are derived from forecasted values shown in the

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Short-Term

Energy Outlook (DOE/EIA-0202) table titled “U.S. Coal

Supply and Demand: Base Case.” The monthly estimates are

based on the quarterly values, which are released in March,

June, September, and December. The estimates are revised

quarterly as collected data become available from the data

sources. Sector-specific information follows:

Residential and Commercial—Coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to EIA for the two

sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount consumed by the

sectors individually. To create the estimates, it is first

assumed that an occupied coal-heated housing unit consumes

fuel at the same Btu rate as an oil-heated housing unit. Then,

for the years in which data are available on the number of

occupied housing units by heating source (1973–1981 and

subsequent odd-numbered years), residential consumption

of coal is estimated by the following steps: a ratio is created

of the number of occupied housing units heated by coal to

the number of occupied housing units heated by oil; that

ratio is then multiplied by the Btu quantity of oil consumed

by the residential sector to derive an estimate of the Btu

quantity of coal consumed by the residential sector; and,

finally, the amount estimated as the residential sector

consumption is subtracted from the residential and commercial sectors’ combined consumption to derive the commercial sector’s estimated consumption. The 2007 share is

applied to 2008 forward, and the other missing years’ shares

are interpolated.

Industrial Coke Plants—Prior to 1980, monthly coke plant

consumption data were taken directly from reported data.

For 1980–1987, coke plant consumption estimates were

derived by proportioning reported quarterly data by using

the ratios of monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979,

the last year in which monthly data were reported. Beginning in January 1988, monthly coke plant consumption estimates are derived from the reported quarterly data by using

monthly ratios of raw steel production data from the American Iron and Steel Institute. The ratios are the monthly raw

steel production from open hearth and basic oxygen process

furnaces as a proportion of the quarterly production from

those kinds of furnaces.

Industrial Other—Prior to 1978, monthly consumption data

for the other industrial sector (all industrial users minus

coke plants) were derived by using reported data to modify

baseline consumption figures from the most recent Bureau

of the Census Annual Survey of Manufactures or Census of

Manufactures. For 1978 and 1979, monthly estimates

were derived from data reported on Forms EIA-3 and EIA6. For 1980–1987, monthly figures were estimated by

proportioning quarterly data by using the ratios of

monthly-to-quarterly consumption data in 1979, the last

year in which monthly data were reported on Form EIA-3.

Beginning in January 1988, monthly consumption for the

other industrial sector is estimated from reported quarterly

data by using ratios derived from industrial production

indices published by the Board of Governors of the

84 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 
Federal Reserve System. Indices for six major industry

groups are used as the basis for calculating the ratios: 

food manufacturing, which is North American Industry

Classification System (NAICS) code 311; paper manufacturing, NAICS 322; chemical manufacturing, NAICS 325;

petroleum and coal products, NAICS 324; non-metallic

mineral products manufacturing, NAICS 327; and primary

metal manufacturing, NAICS 331. The monthly ratios

are computed as the monthly sum of the weighted indices

as a proportion of the quarterly sum of the weighted indices by using the 1977 proportion as the weights. Prior to

2008, quarterly consumption data for the other industrial

sector were derived by adding beginning stocks at manufacturing plants to current receipts and subtracting ending

stocks at manufacturing plants. In this calculation,

current receipts are the greater of either reported receipts

from manufacturing plants (Form EIA-3) or reported

shipments to the other industrial sector (Form EIA-6),

thereby ensuring that agriculture, forestry, fishing, and

construction consumption data were included where

appropriate. Beginning in 2008, quarterly consumption

totals for other industrial coal include data for manufacturing and mining only. Over time, surveyed coal

consumption data for agriculture, forestry, fishing, and

construction dwindled to about 20,000 to 30,000 tons

annually. Therefore, in 2008, EIA consolidated its

programs by eliminating agriculture, forestry, fishing, and

construction as surveyed sectors. 

Electric Power Sector—Monthly consumption data for electric power plants are taken directly from reported data.

Note 3. Coal Stocks. Coal stocks data are reported by

major end-use sector. Forecast data for the most recent

months (designated by an “F”) are derived from forecasted values shown in the U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA) Short-Term Energy Outlook

(DOE/EIA-0202) table titled “U.S. Coal Supply and

Demand: Base Case.” The monthly estimates are based

on the quarterly values (released in March, June, September, and December) or annual values. The estimates are

revised as collected data become available from the data

sources. Sector-specific information follows.

Producers and Distributors—Prior to 1998, quarterly

stocks at producers and distributors were taken directly

from reported data. Monthly data were estimated by

using one-third of the current quarterly change to indicate

the monthly change in stocks. Beginning in 1998, endof-year stocks are taken from reported data. Monthly

stocks are estimated by a model.

Residential and Commercial—Prior to 1980, stock estimates for the residential and commercial sector were

taken directly from reported data. For 1980-2007, stock

estimates were not collected. Beginning in 2008, quarterly stocks data are collected on Form EIA-3 (data for

“Commercial and Institutional Coal Users”).

Industrial Coke Plants—Prior to 1980, monthly stocks at

coke plants were taken directly from reported data. Beginning in 1980, coke plant stocks are estimated by using onethird of the current quarterly change to indicate the monthly

change in stocks. Quarterly stocks are taken directly from

data reported on Form EIA-5.

Industrial Other—Prior to 1978, stocks for the other industrial sector were derived by using reported data to modify

baseline figures from a one-time Bureau of Mines survey

of consumers. For 1978–1982, monthly estimates were

derived by judgmentally proportioning reported quarterly

data based on representative seasonal patterns of supply

and demand. Beginning in 1983, other industrial coal

stocks are estimated as indicated above for coke plants.

Quarterly stocks are taken directly from data reported on

Form EIA-3 and therefore include only manufacturing

industries; data for agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining,

and construction stocks are not available.

Electric Power Sector—Monthly stocks data at electric

power plants are taken directly from reported data.

Note 4. Coal Forecast Values. Data values preceded by

“F” in this section are forecast values. They are derived

from EIA’s Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System

(STIFS). The model is driven primarily by data and

assumptions about key macroeconomic variables, the world

oil price, and weather. The coal forecast relies on other

variables as well, such as alternative fuel prices (natural gas

and oil) and power generation by sources other than fossil

fuels, including nuclear and hydroelectric power. Each

month, EIA staff review the model output and make

adjustments, if appropriate, based on their knowledge of

developments in the coal industry.

The STIFS model results are published monthly in EIA’s

Short-Term Energy Outlook, which is accessible on the Web

at http://www.eia.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html.

Note 5. Additional Coal Information. EIA’s Quarterly

Coal Report provides additional information about coal data

and estimation procedures.

Table 6.1 Sources

Production

1973–September 1977: U.S. Department of the Interior,

Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook and Minerals Industry

Surveys.

October 1977 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Weekly Coal Production. 

Waste Coal Supplied

1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility

Power Producer Report.”

1998–2000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric

Generator Report—Nonutility.”

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 85
2001–2003: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report,”

and Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants.”

2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report,”

Form EIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant Report,”

and Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants.” 

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations

Report,” and Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and

Quality Report, Manufacturing and Transformation/Processing

Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users”;

and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System. 

Imports and Exports

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,

Monthly Reports IM 145 (Imports) and EM 545 (Exports).

Stock Change

Calculated from data in Table 6.3. 

Losses and Unaccounted for

Calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal

supplied, minus exports, stock change, and consumption.

Consumption

Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 Sources

Residential and Commercial Total

Coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors

combined is reported to the U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA). EIA estimates the sectors individually using the method described in Note 2, “Consumption,”

at the end of Section 6. Data for the residential and

commercial sectors combined are from: 

1973–1976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau

of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook.

January–September 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,

“Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.”

October 1977–1979: EIA, Form EIA-2, “Monthly Coal

Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.”

1980–1997: EIA, Form EIA-6, “Coal Distribution Report,”

quarterly.

1998-2007: DOI, Mine Safety and Health Administration,

Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal

Production.”

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and

Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and

Institutional Coal Users” (data for “Commercial and Institutional Coal Users”); and, for forecast values, EIA, ShortTerm Integrated Forecasting System.

Commercial CHP

Table 7.4c.

Commercial Other

Calculated as “Commercial Total” minus “Commercial CHP.”

Industrial Coke Plants

1973–September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook

and Minerals Industry Surveys.

October 1977–1980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, “Coke and

Coal Chemicals—Monthly/Annual Supplement.”

1981–1984: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, “Coke Plant

Report—Quarterly/Annual Supplement.”

1985 forward: EIA, Form EIA–5, “Coke Plant

Report—Quarterly”; and, for forecast values, EIA, ShortTerm Integrated Forecasting System.

Other Industrial Total 

1973–September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and

Minerals Industry Surveys.

October 1977–1979: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Monthly Coal

Consumption Report—Manufacturing Plants.”

1980–1997: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption Report—Manufacturing Plants,” and Form EIA-6,

“Coal Distribution Report,” quarterly.

1998-2007: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption Report—Manufacturing Plants,” Form EIA-6A, “Coal

Distribution Report,” annual, and Form EIA-7A, “Coal

Production Report,” annual. 

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal

Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and

Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and

Institutional Coal Users,” and Form EIA-7A, “Coal Production Report,” annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, ShortTerm Integrated Forecasting System.

Other Industrial CHP

Table 7.4c.

Other Industrial Non-CHP

Calculated as “Other Industrial Total” minus “Other Industrial CHP.”

Transportation

1973–1976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.

January–September 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,

“Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake

Docks.”

October–December 1977: EIA, Form EIA-6, “Coal Distribution Report,” quarterly.

Electric Power

Table 7.4b. 

Table 6.3 Sources

Producers and Distributors

1973–1979: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau

of Mines (BOM), Form 6-1419Q, “Distribution of Bituminous Coal and Lignite Shipments.”

1980–1997: U.S. Energy Information Administration

86 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 
(EIA), Form EIA-6, “Coal Distribution Report,” quarterly.

1998-2007: EIA, Form EIA-6A, “Coal Distribution 

Report,” annual.

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-7A, “Coal Production

Report,” annual, and Form EIA-8A, “Coal Stocks Report,”

annual; and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term Integrated

Forecasting System.

Residential and Commercial

1973–1976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook.

January-September 1977: DOI, BOM, Form 6-1400,

“Monthly Coal Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.”

October 1977–1979: EIA, Form EIA-2, “Monthly Coal

Report, Retail Dealers—Upper Lake Docks.”

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and

Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and

Institutional Coal Users” (data for “Commercial and Institutional Coal Users”); and, for forecast values, EIA, ShortTerm Integrated Forecasting System.

Industrial Coke Plants

1973–September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and

Minerals Industry Surveys.

October 1977–1980: EIA, Form EIA-5/5A, “Coke and Coal

Chemicals—Monthly/Annual.”

1981–1984: EIA, Form EIA 5/5A, “Coke Plant

Report—Quarterly/Annual Supplement.” 

1985 forward: EIA, Form EIA-5, “Coke Plant

Report—Quarterly”; and, for forecast values, EIA, Short-Term

Integrated Forecasting System.

Industrial Other

1973–September 1977: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook and

Minerals Industry Surveys. 

October 1977–1979: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Monthly Coal

Consumption Report—Manufacturing Plants.”

1998–2007: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption Report—Manufacturing Plants.”

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and

Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and

Institutional Coal Users”; and, for forecast values, EIA,

Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System.

Electric Power

Table 7.5.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 87

High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Electricity

7
Figure 7.1 Electricity Overview

(Billion Kilowatthours)

Overview, 2009 Net Generation, 2009

Net Generation by Sector, 1989-2009 Net Generation by Sector, Monthly

End Use, 2009 Trade, 1973-2009

90 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Electric Power

Salesb

Totala

Imports

Exports

Usec

3,814

8 131

3,953

Electric Commercial Industrial Total

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

3,953

52 18

3,741

Net Imports Exports End

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

Generation Use Power

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

100

200

300

400

500

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

Totala

Electric Power

Industrial

2008 2010

Industrial

3,575

166

3,741

Retail Direct Total

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

2009

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

a

Includes commercial sector.

b

Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities

and other energy service providers.

c

See “Direct Use” in Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html.

Source: Table 7.1.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 91

Table 7.1 Electricity Overview

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Net Generation Trade

T&D Lossese

and

Unaccounted

forf

End Use

Electric

Power

Sectora

Commercial

Sectorb

Industrial

Sectorc Total Importsd Exportsd Net

Importsd RetailSalesg

Direct

Useh Total

1973 Total .................... 1,861 NA 3 1,864 17 3 14 165 1,713 NA 1,713

1975 Total .................... 1,918 NA 3 1,921 11 5 6 180 1,747 NA 1,747

1980 Total .................... 2,286 NA 3 2,290 25 4 21 216 2,094 NA 2,094

1985 Total .................... 2,470 NA 3 2,473 46 5 41 190 2,324 NA 2,324

1990 Total .................... 2,901 6 131 3,038 18 16 2 203 2,713 125 2,837

1995 Total .................... 3,194 8 151 3,353 43 4 39 229 3,013 151 3,164

1996 Total .................... 3,284 9 151 3,444 43 3 40 231 3,101 153 3,254

1997 Total .................... 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 9 34 224 3,146 156 3,302

1998 Total .................... 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 14 26 221 3,264 161 3,425

1999 Total .................... 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 14 29 240 3,312 172 3,484

2000 Total .................... 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 15 34 244 3,421 171 3,592

2001 Total .................... 3,580 7 149 3,737 39 16 22 202 3,394 163 3,557

2002 Total .................... 3,698 7 153 3,858 37 16 21 248 3,465 166 3,632

2003 Total .................... 3,721 7 155 3,883 30 24 6 228 3,494 168 3,662

2004 Total .................... 3,808 8 154 3,971 34 23 11 266 3,547 168 3,716

2005 Total .................... 3,902 8 145 4,055 45 20 25 269 3,661 150 3,811

2006 Total .................... 3,908 8 148 4,065 43 24 18 266 3,670 147 3,817

2007 Total .................... 4,005 8 143 4,157 51 20 31 264 3,765 159 3,924

2008 January ................ 350 1 12 363 5 2 3 24 326 E 16 342

 February .............. 313 1 11 325 5 2 3 9 305 E 14 319

 March ................... 312 1 12 325 5 3 2 18 295 E 15 309

 April ..................... 294 1 11 306 4 1 3 17 278 E 14 292

 May ...................... 313 1 11 325 5 3 2 25 288 E 14 303

 June ..................... 361 1 12 373 6 3 3 33 328 E 15 343

 July ...................... 389 1 13 403 6 2 4 31 360 E 16 377

 August ................. 376 1 13 389 6 1 4 25 352 E 16 368

 September ........... 327 1 10 338 5 2 3 5 322 E 13 336

 October ................ 307 1 11 319 4 2 2 14 292 E 14 306

 November ............ 299 1 10 310 3 2 1 20 278 E 13 291

 December ............ 333 1 10 344 3 1 2 25 308 E 13 321

 Total .................... 3,974 8 137 4,119 57 24 33 246 3,733 173 3,906

2009 January ................ 344 1 11 355 4 2 2 24 320 E 14 334

 February .............. 291 1 10 301 4 2 2 6 285 E 13 298

 March ................... 299 1 11 311 3 2 1 16 282 E 14 296

 April ..................... 279 1 10 290 3 1 2 15 264 E 13 277

 May ...................... 301 1 10 312 4 1 3 28 273 E 13 286

 June ..................... 337 1 11 348 5 2 3 34 303 E 14 317

 July ...................... 360 1 12 372 6 1 4 26 336 E 15 351

 August ................. 368 1 12 381 6 1 5 27 343 E 15 358

 September ........... 315 1 11 327 4 1 3 7 309 E 14 323

 October ................ 295 1 11 307 5 1 3 11 285 E 14 299

 November ............ 285 1 11 297 4 1 3 20 266 E 14 280

 December ............ 338 1 12 351 5 1 3 32 308 E 15 322

 Total .................... 3,814 8 131 3,953 52 18 34 246 3,575 E 166 3,741

2010 January ................ 348 1 12 360 5 1 4 18 331 E 15 346

 February .............. 308 1 11 319 4 1 3 11 297 E 14 311

 March ................... 299 1 12 312 4 1 3 8 292 E 15 307

 April ..................... 276 1 11 288 4 1 3 10 266 E 14 280

 May ...................... 316 1 11 328 3 2 1 33 282 E 14 296

 June ..................... 364 1 12 376 4 2 2 36 328 E 15 343

 6-Month Total ..... 1,910 4 70 1,984 25 8 17 116 1,796 E 88 1,884

2009 6-Month Total ..... 1,851 4 63 1,918 23 10 13 123 1,728 E 80 1,808

2008 6-Month Total ..... 1,944 4 70 2,017 30 14 16 125 1,820 E 88 1,908

a Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS

22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to

the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data

are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

b Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.

c Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants. Through 1988, data are for industrial hydroelectric power only.

d Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders. Net imports equal imports minus

exports.

e Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the

point of generation and delivery to the customer). See Note 2, "Electrical System

Energy Losses," at end of Section 2. f Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.

g Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning

in 1996, other energy service providers. h Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same

entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a

service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities

that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.

E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at

end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 7.2 Electricity Net Generation

(Billion Kilowatthours)

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 1989-2009 Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, Monthly

Total (All Sectors), Major Sources, 2009 Electric Power Sector, Major Sources, 2009

Commercial Sector, Major Sources, 2009 Industrial Sector, Major Sources, 2009

92 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Gases b Gas

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

50

100

150

200

Gas

Hydroelectric Powera

electric

Powera

electric 

Power c

Natural 

Gas

Petroleum

Hydroelectric

Powera

Renewable

Energy

Electric

Power

Gas leum

Natural 

Gas

Petroleum

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

600

1,200

1,800

2,400

Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

2008 2009 2010

Nuclear Electric

 Power

Coal

1,750

841 799

266

113 36

Coal Natural Nuclear Hydro- Non-Hydro Petro0

600

1,200

1,800

2,400

1,764

920

799

268

141

39

Coal Natural Nuclear Hydro- Non-Hydro Petro0

600

1,200

1,800

2,400

electric

Powera

Renewable

Energy

Gas Electric

Power

 leum

4.0

1.6

1.0

0.1

Natural Waste Coal Petroleum

0

1

2

3

4

5 75.4

25.7

13.8

7.6

2.9 1.9

Natural Wood Coal Other Petroleum Hydro0

20

40

60

80

a

Conventional and pumped storage hydroelectric power.

b

Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste

gases derived from fossil fuels.

CConventional hydroelectric power.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html.

Sources: Tables 7.2a, 7.2b, and 7.2c.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 93

Table 7.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)

 (Sum of Tables 7.2b and 7.2c; Million Kilowatthours)

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storagee

Renewable Energy

Total Coala j

Petroleumb Natural

Gasc OtherGasesd

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Powerf

Biomass

GeothermalSolar/

Woodg Wasteh PVi Wind

1973 Total .................... 847,651 314,343 340,858 NA 83,479 f ( ) 275,431 130 198 1,966 NA NA 1,864,057

1975 Total .................... 852,786 289,095 299,778 NA 172,505 f ( ) 303,153 18 174 3,246 NA NA 1,920,755

1980 Total .................... 1,161,562 245,994 346,240 NA 251,116 f ( ) 279,182 275 158 5,073 NA NA 2,289,600

1985 Total .................... 1,402,128 100,202 291,946 NA 383,691 f ( ) 284,311 743 640 9,325 11 6 2,473,002

1990 Total k ................. 1,594,011 126,460 372,765 10,383 576,862 -3,508 292,866 32,522 13,260 15,434 367 2,789 3,037,827

1995 Total .................... 1,709,426 74,554 496,058 13,870 673,402 -2,725 310,833 36,521 20,405 13,378 497 3,164 3,353,487

1996 Total .................... 1,795,196 81,411 455,056 14,356 674,729 -3,088 347,162 36,800 20,911 14,329 521 3,234 3,444,188

1997 Total .................... 1,845,016 92,555 479,399 13,351 628,644 -4,040 356,453 36,948 21,709 14,726 511 3,288 3,492,172

1998 Total .................... 1,873,516 128,800 531,257 13,492 673,702 -4,467 323,336 36,338 22,448 14,774 502 3,026 3,620,295

1999 Total .................... 1,881,087 118,061 556,396 14,126 728,254 -6,097 319,536 37,041 22,572 14,827 495 4,488 3,694,810

2000 Total .................... 1,966,265 111,221 601,038 13,955 753,893 -5,539 275,573 37,595 23,131 14,093 493 5,593 3,802,105

2001 Total .................... 1,903,956 124,880 639,129 9,039 768,826 -8,823 216,961 35,200 14,548 13,741 543 6,737 3,736,644

2002 Total .................... 1,933,130 94,567 691,006 11,463 780,064 -8,743 264,329 38,665 15,044 14,491 555 10,354 3,858,452

2003 Total .................... 1,973,737 119,406 649,908 15,600 763,733 -8,535 275,806 37,529 15,812 14,424 534 11,187 3,883,185

2004 Total .................... 1,978,301 121,145 710,100 15,252 788,528 -8,488 268,417 38,117 15,421 14,811 575 14,144 3,970,555

2005 Total .................... 2,012,873 122,225 760,960 13,464 781,986 -6,558 270,321 38,856 15,420 14,692 550 17,811 4,055,423

2006 Total .................... 1,990,511 64,166 816,441 14,177 787,219 -6,558 289,246 38,762 16,099 14,568 508 26,589 4,064,702

2007 Total .................... 2,016,456 65,739 896,590 13,453 806,425 -6,896 247,510 39,014 16,525 14,637 612 34,450 4,156,745

2008 January ................ 182,876 4,498 72,600 1,063 70,735 -746 20,779 3,338 1,407 1,213 16 4,273 362,998

 February .............. 166,666 3,669 60,042 972 65,130 -451 18,789 3,010 1,364 1,090 36 3,852 325,106

 March ................... 160,743 3,151 62,171 1,049 64,716 -553 21,669 3,123 1,472 1,261 75 4,782 324,630

 April ..................... 146,983 3,400 63,046 1,021 57,333 -132 22,234 2,930 1,504 1,229 94 5,225 305,865

 May ...................... 154,916 3,398 62,270 1,044 64,826 -587 27,221 2,927 1,475 1,270 99 5,340 325,245

 June ..................... 171,043 4,962 84,620 1,132 70,319 -372 29,177 3,114 1,502 1,270 128 5,140 373,109

 July ...................... 186,733 4,157 100,321 1,174 74,318 -799 25,555 3,327 1,608 1,289 111 4,008 402,900

 August ................. 180,576 3,811 99,673 1,147 72,617 -648 21,229 3,342 1,529 1,283 105 3,264 388,987

 September ........... 161,356 4,171 79,136 823 67,054 -517 16,178 3,059 1,427 1,244 93 3,111 338,056

 October ................ 151,841 3,286 73,283 806 62,820 -497 15,470 3,064 1,490 1,287 60 4,756 318,547

 November ............ 154,281 3,345 61,454 721 63,408 -489 15,668 3,077 1,449 1,244 29 4,994 310,046

 December ............ 167,786 4,394 64,364 753 72,931 -498 20,861 2,988 1,506 1,272 19 6,616 343,898

 Total .................... 1,985,801 46,243 882,981 11,707 806,208 -6,288 254,831 37,300 17,734 14,951 864 55,363 4,119,388

2009 January ................ 172,498 6,013 65,991 801 74,102 -501 23,829 3,067 1,442 1,313 5 6,018 355,379

 February .............. 141,574 3,284 62,104 774 64,227 -243 17,887 2,809 1,343 1,191 28 5,675 301,443

 March ................... 136,167 3,328 68,308 820 67,241 -315 21,692 2,889 1,547 1,334 71 6,938 310,941

 April ..................... 126,461 2,785 61,770 753 59,408 -272 25,418 2,707 1,556 1,205 91 7,294 290,120

 May ...................... 132,204 3,228 68,697 763 65,375 -349 29,419 2,744 1,498 1,257 101 6,094 311,996

 June ..................... 148,679 3,248 84,703 872 69,735 -226 29,130 3,020 1,543 1,227 97 5,405 348,379

 July ...................... 159,099 3,337 101,570 966 72,949 -491 22,930 3,218 1,593 1,265 111 4,700 372,249

 August ................. 164,078 3,649 108,724 1,036 72,245 -613 19,215 3,333 1,608 1,261 105 5,243 380,890

 September ........... 138,087 2,859 91,413 1,037 65,662 -237 17,265 3,009 1,477 1,242 85 4,367 327,175

 October ................ 140,992 2,590 72,204 977 58,021 -385 19,650 3,057 1,485 1,269 61 6,326 307,156

 November ............ 137,407 2,087 63,325 935 59,069 -330 20,905 3,195 1,452 1,292 36 6,430 296,735

 December ............ 167,241 2,418 71,570 963 70,710 -383 24,792 3,195 1,549 1,352 17 6,270 350,647

 Total .................... 1,764,486 38,827 920,378 10,698 798,745 -4,346 272,131 36,243 18,093 15,210 808 70,761 3,953,111

2010 January ................ 173,965 4,396 73,685 922 72,534 -537 22,071 3,227 1,432 1,350 8 6,355 360,302

 February .............. 153,388 2,360 65,587 823 65,247 -96 20,448 3,003 1,266 1,181 28 5,110 319,142

 March ................... 145,198 2,459 62,882 1,004 64,639 -49 20,574 3,306 1,504 1,246 64 8,196 311,933

 April ..................... 127,821 2,270 64,595 951 57,611 -303 18,543 2,967 1,526 1,225 90 9,530 287,773

 May ...................... 144,019 3,019 73,590 991 66,658 -197 24,793 2,974 1,485 1,308 124 8,440 328,192

 June ..................... 166,162 4,050 92,824 918 68,301 -226 29,294 3,151 1,498 1,281 143 7,793 376,216

 6-Month Total ..... 910,553 18,554 433,162 5,610 394,992 -1,408 135,724 18,628 8,711 7,591 457 45,424 1,983,558

2009 6-Month Total ..... 857,582 21,887 411,573 4,783 400,089 -1,907 147,374 17,236 8,929 7,528 392 37,424 1,918,259

2008 6-Month Total ..... 983,227 23,079 404,749 6,282 393,059 -2,840 139,869 18,442 8,724 7,333 448 28,613 2,016,953

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other

petroleum, and waste oil.

c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. d Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional

Hydroelectric Power."

g Wood and wood-derived fuels. h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).

i Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). k Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for electric utilities only;

hydroelectric data through 1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. 

Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities, independent power producers,

commercial plants, and industrial plants.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See sources for Tables 7.2b and 7.2c.
94 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 7.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector

 (Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storagee

Renewable Energy

Total Coala j

Petroleumb Natural

Gasc OtherGasesd

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Powerf

Biomass

GeothermalSolar/

Woodg Wasteh PVi Wind

1973 Total .................... 847,651 314,343 340,858 NA 83,479 f ( ) 272,083 130 198 1,966 NA NA 1,860,710

1975 Total .................... 852,786 289,095 299,778 NA 172,505 f ( ) 300,047 18 174 3,246 NA NA 1,917,649

1980 Total .................... 1,161,562 245,994 346,240 NA 251,116 f ( ) 276,021 275 158 5,073 NA NA 2,286,439

1985 Total .................... 1,402,128 100,202 291,946 NA 383,691 f ( ) 281,149 743 640 9,325 11 6 2,469,841

1990 Totalk .................. 1,572,109 118,864 309,486 621 576,862 -3,508 289,753 7,032 11,500 15,434 367 2,789 2,901,322

1995 Total .................... 1,686,056 68,146 419,179 1,927 673,402 -2,725 305,410 7,597 17,986 13,378 497 3,164 3,194,230

1996 Total .................... 1,771,973 74,783 378,757 1,341 674,729 -3,088 341,159 8,386 17,816 14,329 521 3,234 3,284,141

1997 Total .................... 1,820,762 86,479 399,596 1,533 628,644 -4,040 350,648 8,680 18,485 14,726 511 3,288 3,329,375

1998 Total .................... 1,850,193 122,211 449,293 2,315 673,702 -4,467 317,867 8,608 19,233 14,774 502 3,026 3,457,416

1999 Total .................... 1,858,618 111,539 472,996 1,607 728,254 -6,097 314,663 8,961 19,493 14,827 495 4,488 3,529,982

2000 Total .................... 1,943,111 105,192 517,978 2,028 753,893 -5,539 271,338 8,916 20,307 14,093 493 5,593 3,637,529

2001 Total .................... 1,882,826 119,149 554,940 586 768,826 -8,823 213,749 8,294 12,944 13,741 543 6,737 3,580,053

2002 Total .................... 1,910,613 89,733 607,683 1,970 780,064 -8,743 260,491 9,009 13,145 14,491 555 10,354 3,698,458

2003 Total .................... 1,952,714 113,697 567,303 2,647 763,733 -8,535 271,512 9,528 13,808 14,424 534 11,187 3,721,159

2004 Total .................... 1,957,188 114,678 627,172 3,568 788,528 -8,488 265,064 9,736 13,062 14,811 575 14,144 3,808,360

2005 Total .................... 1,992,054 116,482 683,829 3,777 781,986 -6,558 267,040 10,570 13,031 14,692 550 17,811 3,902,192

2006 Total .................... 1,969,737 59,708 734,417 4,254 787,219 -6,558 286,254 10,341 13,927 14,568 508 26,589 3,908,077

2007 Total .................... 1,998,390 61,306 814,752 4,042 806,425 -6,896 245,843 10,711 14,294 14,637 612 34,450 4,005,343

2008 January ................ 181,337 4,145 65,197 293 70,735 -746 20,611 960 1,229 1,213 16 4,273 349,836

 February .............. 165,343 3,377 53,460 247 65,130 -451 18,627 872 1,169 1,090 36 3,852 313,292

 March ................... 159,284 2,856 55,499 274 64,716 -553 21,485 885 1,285 1,261 75 4,782 312,410

 April ..................... 145,587 3,141 56,765 280 57,333 -132 22,050 754 1,301 1,229 94 5,225 294,203

 May ...................... 153,473 3,155 55,665 312 64,826 -587 27,046 753 1,283 1,270 99 5,340 313,216

 June ..................... 169,600 4,676 77,685 325 70,319 -372 29,043 883 1,309 1,270 128 5,140 360,612

 July ...................... 185,208 3,904 92,534 342 74,318 -799 25,429 988 1,384 1,289 111 4,008 389,318

 August ................. 179,082 3,554 92,025 316 72,617 -648 21,111 983 1,325 1,283 105 3,264 375,612

 September ........... 159,933 3,888 73,270 193 67,054 -517 16,081 894 1,246 1,244 93 3,111 327,021

 October ................ 150,464 3,030 66,624 221 62,820 -497 15,372 802 1,286 1,287 60 4,756 306,769

 November ............ 153,016 3,105 55,482 172 63,408 -489 15,546 911 1,253 1,244 29 4,994 299,222

 December ............ 166,512 4,050 58,166 224 72,931 -498 20,696 953 1,308 1,272 19 6,616 332,839

 Total .................... 1,968,838 42,881 802,372 3,200 806,208 -6,288 253,096 10,638 15,379 14,951 864 55,363 3,974,349

2009 January ................ 171,125 5,649 59,500 224 74,102 -501 23,648 962 1,250 1,313 5 6,018 343,878

 February .............. 140,382 3,000 55,924 215 64,227 -243 17,738 897 1,195 1,191 28 5,675 290,761

 March ................... 134,933 3,066 61,709 242 67,241 -315 21,502 805 1,351 1,334 71 6,938 299,472

 April ..................... 125,289 2,526 55,664 233 59,408 -272 25,224 705 1,373 1,205 91 7,294 279,350

 May ...................... 131,022 2,960 62,502 234 65,375 -349 29,218 767 1,306 1,257 101 6,094 301,083

 June ..................... 147,429 2,985 78,112 257 69,735 -226 28,943 956 1,345 1,227 97 5,405 336,868

 July ...................... 157,805 3,098 94,529 295 72,949 -491 22,793 944 1,387 1,265 111 4,700 360,019

 August ................. 162,732 3,386 101,573 283 72,245 -613 19,083 1,013 1,390 1,261 105 5,243 368,336

 September ........... 136,856 2,617 84,725 303 65,662 -237 17,168 855 1,273 1,242 85 4,367 315,490

 October ................ 139,730 2,399 65,535 286 58,021 -385 19,509 819 1,297 1,269 61 6,326 295,438

 November ............ 136,342 1,893 56,782 263 59,069 -330 20,771 843 1,252 1,292 36 6,430 285,206

 December ............ 165,980 2,214 64,390 272 70,710 -383 24,605 999 1,356 1,352 17 6,270 338,398

 Total .................... 1,749,626 35,793 840,946 3,108 798,745 -4,346 270,202 10,565 15,776 15,210 808 70,761 3,814,298

2010 January ................ 172,318 4,139 66,422 276 72,534 -537 21,898 1,003 1,246 1,350 8 6,355 347,584

 February .............. 151,840 2,153 59,129 249 65,247 -96 20,280 894 1,113 1,181 28 5,110 307,643

 March ................... 143,526 2,274 55,709 269 64,639 -49 20,390 890 1,332 1,246 64 8,196 299,065

 April ..................... 126,571 2,090 57,831 265 57,611 -303 18,366 791 1,324 1,225 90 9,530 275,998

 May ...................... 142,463 2,812 66,939 270 66,658 -197 24,618 839 1,273 1,308 124 8,440 316,181

 June ..................... 164,560 3,823 85,645 244 68,301 -226 29,148 929 1,290 1,281 143 7,793 363,571

 6-Month Total ..... 901,277 17,291 391,675 1,573 394,992 -1,408 134,700 5,347 7,578 7,591 457 45,424 1,910,042

2009 6-Month Total ..... 850,181 20,186 373,411 1,406 400,089 -1,907 146,273 5,092 7,821 7,528 392 37,424 1,851,412

2008 6-Month Total ..... 974,623 21,350 364,270 1,732 393,059 -2,840 138,862 5,108 7,576 7,333 448 28,613 1,943,568

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

b Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other

petroleum, and waste oil.

c Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. d Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

e Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. f Through 1989, hydroelectric pumped storage is included in "Conventional

Hydroelectric Power."

g Wood and wood-derived fuels. h Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).

i Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy. j Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilites and independent power producers.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Totals

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic

coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 95

Table 7.2c Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors

 (Subset of Table 7.2a; Million Kilowatthours)

Commercial Sectora Industrial Sectorb

Coalc Petroleumd Natural

Gase

Biomass

Totalg Coalc Petroleumd Natural

Gase OtherGasesh

Hydroelectric

Poweri

Biomass

Total Wastef Woodj Wastef k

1973 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,347 NA NA 3,347

1975 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,106 NA NA 3,106

1980 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,161 NA NA 3,161

1985 Total .................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,161 NA NA 3,161

1990 Total .................... 796 589 3,272 812 5,837 21,107 7,008 60,007 9,641 2,975 25,379 949 130,830

1995 Total .................... 998 379 5,162 1,519 8,232 22,372 6,030 71,717 11,943 5,304 28,868 900 151,025

1996 Total .................... 1,051 369 5,249 2,176 9,030 22,172 6,260 71,049 13,015 5,878 28,354 919 151,017

1997 Total .................... 1,040 427 4,725 2,342 8,701 23,214 5,649 75,078 11,814 5,685 28,225 882 154,097

1998 Total .................... 985 383 4,879 2,335 8,748 22,337 6,206 77,085 11,170 5,349 27,693 880 154,132

1999 Total .................... 995 434 4,607 2,393 8,563 21,474 6,088 78,793 12,519 4,758 28,060 686 156,264

2000 Total .................... 1,097 432 4,262 1,985 7,903 22,056 5,597 78,798 11,927 4,135 28,652 839 156,673

2001 Total .................... 995 438 4,434 1,007 7,416 20,135 5,293 79,755 8,454 3,145 26,888 596 149,175

2002 Total .................... 992 431 4,310 1,053 7,415 21,525 4,403 79,013 9,493 3,825 29,643 846 152,580

2003 Total .................... 1,206 423 3,899 1,289 7,496 19,817 5,285 78,705 12,953 4,222 27,988 715 154,530

2004 Total .................... 1,340 499 3,969 1,562 8,270 19,773 5,967 78,959 11,684 3,248 28,367 797 153,925

2005 Total .................... 1,353 375 4,249 1,657 8,492 19,466 5,368 72,882 9,687 3,195 28,271 733 144,739

2006 Total .................... 1,310 235 4,355 1,599 8,371 19,464 4,223 77,669 9,923 2,899 28,400 572 148,254

2007 Total .................... 1,371 189 4,257 1,599 8,273 16,694 4,243 77,580 9,411 1,590 28,287 631 143,128

2008 January ................ 117 20 395 117 709 1,422 333 7,008 770 163 2,376 61 12,453

 February .............. 107 14 346 114 636 1,217 278 6,236 725 158 2,136 82 11,178

 March ................... 79 9 352 117 619 1,380 286 6,319 775 174 2,237 70 11,601

 April ..................... 88 8 307 135 614 1,308 251 5,974 741 174 2,174 67 11,049

 May ...................... 96 8 292 137 609 1,347 235 6,314 732 170 2,173 55 11,420

 June ..................... 116 12 330 139 675 1,327 273 6,605 807 128 2,229 55 11,822

 July ...................... 122 17 384 134 728 1,403 236 7,402 832 122 2,337 91 12,855

 August ................. 117 9 390 132 715 1,378 248 7,258 831 117 2,358 72 12,660

 September ........... 106 7 366 129 675 1,317 276 5,500 630 96 2,163 52 10,360

 October ................ 101 8 344 126 642 1,276 248 6,315 585 95 2,261 77 11,137

 November ............ 99 11 320 128 623 1,166 229 5,653 549 119 2,165 68 10,201

 December ............ 112 18 360 127 681 1,161 326 5,838 529 160 2,033 71 10,378

 Total .................... 1,261 142 4,188 1,534 7,926 15,703 3,219 76,421 8,507 1,676 26,641 821 137,113

2009 January ................ 108 30 357 125 681 1,265 335 6,134 577 172 2,104 66 10,821

 February .............. 85 12 333 98 580 1,107 273 5,847 559 142 1,910 50 10,102

 March ................... 85 10 346 132 648 1,148 252 6,253 578 180 2,082 64 10,820

 April ..................... 75 11 338 122 621 1,096 248 5,768 520 185 2,001 62 10,149

 May ...................... 75 13 321 136 624 1,107 255 5,874 529 192 1,976 56 10,289

 June ..................... 76 9 328 137 627 1,174 253 6,264 614 179 2,062 60 10,884

 July ...................... 88 10 356 138 662 1,206 229 6,685 671 136 2,273 69 11,568

 August ................. 101 14 364 146 698 1,245 249 6,787 754 132 2,318 72 11,856

 September ........... 85 10 316 135 613 1,146 232 6,372 734 96 2,152 68 11,071

 October ................ 80 11 328 127 614 1,181 180 6,341 691 138 2,236 61 11,104

 November ............ 85 8 308 136 611 979 186 6,234 672 129 2,350 64 10,918

 December ............ 102 9 354 127 657 1,159 195 6,826 692 180 2,194 67 11,592

 Total .................... 1,044 148 4,047 1,560 7,638 13,816 2,886 75,385 7,590 1,860 25,658 758 131,174

2010 January ................ 114 10 353 123 664 1,534 247 6,910 645 167 2,222 63 12,055

 February .............. 99 8 313 95 568 1,448 200 6,146 574 162 2,107 58 10,931

 March ................... 83 9 326 114 596 1,590 177 6,846 735 178 2,414 58 12,272

 April ..................... 76 8 318 135 615 1,175 172 6,445 687 166 2,174 67 11,161

 May ...................... 80 12 323 144 646 1,475 195 6,327 721 164 2,133 68 11,365

 June ..................... 84 13 359 141 683 1,519 213 6,821 674 136 2,220 68 11,962

 6-Month Total ..... 536 59 1,992 752 3,771 8,740 1,204 39,495 4,037 974 13,270 381 69,745

2009 6-Month Total ..... 503 85 2,021 750 3,782 6,898 1,616 36,140 3,377 1,050 12,134 358 63,065

2008 6-Month Total ..... 603 72 2,023 757 3,862 8,001 1,657 38,455 4,551 967 13,324 391 69,522

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.

b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other

petroleum, and waste oil.

e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).

g Includes a small amount of conventional hydroelectric power, other gases,

photovoltaic (PV) energy, wood, and other, which are not separately displayed.

h Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels. i Conventional hydroelectric power. j Wood and wood-derived fuels. k Includes batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

miscellaneous technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste

(municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at

end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 7.3 Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

Coal by Sector, 1989-2009 Petroleum by Sector, 1989-2009

Natural Gas by Sector, 1989-2009 Other Gasesb

 by Sector, 1989-2009

Wood by Sector, 1989-2009 Waste by Sector, 1989-2009

96 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Commercial

Industrial

Electric Power

Electric Power Industrial

Industrial

 Totala Totala

1990 1995 2000 2005

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

Totala

Electric Power

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100

200

300

Million Barrels

Totala

Electric Power

Industrial

a

Includes commercial sector.

b

Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste

gases derived from fossil fuels.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html

Sources: Tables 7.3a, 7.3b, and 7.3c.

Industrial

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

Trillion Cubic Feet

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100

150

200

250

Trillion Btu

Totala

Total

Industrial

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100

200

300

400

Trillion Btu

Electric Power

Electric Power

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

250

500

750

Trillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 97

Table 7.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: 

 Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.3b and 7.3c)

Coala

Petroleum

Natural

Gasf OtherGasesg

Biomass

Otherj

Distillate

Fuel Oilb ResidualFuel Oilc OtherLiquidsd PetroleumCokee Totale Woodh Wastei

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1973 Total .................... 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660 NA 1 2 NA

1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA (s) 2 NA

1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA

1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA

1990 Total k ................. 792,457 18,143 190,652 437 1,914 218,800 3,692 112 442 211 36

1995 Total .................... 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,738 133 480 316 42

1996 Total .................... 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312 159 513 324 37

1997 Total .................... 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,565 119 484 339 36

1998 Total .................... 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081 125 475 332 36

1999 Total .................... 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,322 126 490 332 41

2000 Total .................... 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691 126 496 330 46

2001 Total .................... 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 5,832 97 486 228 160

2002 Total .................... 987,583 23,286 109,235 1,894 6,836 168,597 6,126 131 605 257 191

2003 Total .................... 1,014,058 29,672 142,518 2,947 6,303 206,653 5,616 156 519 249 193

2004 Total .................... 1,020,523 20,163 142,088 2,856 7,677 203,494 5,675 135 344 230 183

2005 Total .................... 1,041,448 20,651 141,518 2,968 8,330 206,785 6,036 110 355 230 173

2006 Total .................... 1,030,556 13,174 58,473 2,174 7,363 110,634 6,462 115 350 241 172

2007 Total .................... 1,046,795 15,683 63,833 2,917 6,036 112,615 7,089 115 353 245 168

2008 January ................ 94,532 1,633 3,309 350 514 7,864 554 9 30 21 14

 February .............. 86,702 1,198 2,697 265 469 6,508 458 8 28 20 13

 March ................... 83,373 936 2,352 250 396 5,517 480 9 29 23 15

 April ..................... 76,924 934 2,627 193 432 5,915 487 8 26 22 14

 May ...................... 81,248 940 2,802 196 409 5,982 495 8 26 22 15

 June ..................... 89,532 1,351 4,722 237 500 8,812 682 9 28 23 15

 July ...................... 98,194 1,028 3,863 200 452 7,349 805 10 30 24 16

 August ................. 95,752 901 3,223 179 480 6,703 786 10 30 23 15

 September ........... 85,545 929 3,896 194 447 7,253 618 7 28 22 14

 October ................ 80,186 771 2,339 176 469 5,633 565 7 27 22 13

 November ............ 80,993 850 2,610 210 423 5,786 473 6 28 22 13

 December ............ 89,353 1,358 3,751 373 426 7,610 491 6 27 23 14

 Total .................... 1,042,335 12,832 38,191 2,822 5,417 80,932 6,896 97 339 267 170

2009 January ................ 91,018 1,767 5,936 443 428 10,287 500 6 28 21 12

 February .............. 74,577 1,176 2,365 288 392 5,788 467 6 25 19 11

 March ................... 72,264 1,217 1,993 274 496 5,966 518 6 25 22 13

 April ..................... 67,328 794 1,655 197 436 4,826 471 6 23 22 13

 May ...................... 70,665 1,083 2,202 210 438 5,687 536 6 24 22 14

 June ..................... 79,264 1,006 2,366 166 435 5,712 667 7 26 23 14

 July ...................... 84,658 953 2,538 176 448 5,909 800 8 29 23 14

 August ................. 87,039 1,025 2,999 206 441 6,435 860 8 30 23 14

 September ........... 74,051 803 1,856 178 432 4,997 708 8 26 21 13

 October ................ 75,163 888 2,068 195 273 4,517 555 8 26 21 13

 November ............ 73,459 791 1,219 185 273 3,562 478 7 28 21 13

 December ............ 88,572 1,020 1,229 203 362 4,262 543 9 29 22 13

 Total .................... 938,059 12,523 28,426 2,723 4,855 67,948 7,105 86 318 259 159

2010 January ................ 90,914 2,508 2,838 251 447 7,832 564 8 29 20 13

 February .............. 80,231 817 1,077 193 413 4,150 497 6 26 18 11

 March ................... 76,855 750 1,259 133 446 4,370 474 8 28 22 13

 April ..................... 67,329 681 1,167 121 392 3,931 493 8 26 22 14

 May ...................... 76,249 1,009 2,013 120 427 5,275 582 8 26 22 14

 June ..................... 87,543 1,245 3,131 152 501 7,031 734 7 28 21 14

 6-Month Total ..... 479,121 7,011 11,484 969 2,625 32,590 3,344 46 163 125 79

2009 6-Month Total ..... 455,117 7,042 16,517 1,580 2,626 38,266 3,160 37 150 128 78

2008 6-Month Total ..... 512,311 6,994 18,510 1,490 2,721 40,598 3,157 51 168 132 86

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal

combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include

small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel

oil no. 4.

d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.

g Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

h Wood and wood-derived fuels. i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels). j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste

from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial

plants.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include

fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See sources for Tables 7.3b and 7.3c.
98 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 7.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: 

 Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.3a)

Coala

Petroleum

Natural

Gasf OtherGasesg

Biomass

Otherj

Distillate

Fuel Oilb ResidualFuel Oilc OtherLiquidsd PetroleumCokee Totale Woodh Wastei

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1973 Total .................... 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660 NA 1 2 NA

1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA (s) 2 NA

1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA

1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA

1990 Total k ................. 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147 6 106 180 (s)

1995 Total .................... 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,094 18 106 282 2

1996 Total .................... 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,660 16 117 280 2

1997 Total .................... 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903 14 117 292 1

1998 Total .................... 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,416 23 125 287 2

1999 Total .................... 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,644 14 125 290 1

2000 Total .................... 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014 19 126 294 1

2001 Total .................... 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142 9 116 205 109

2002 Total .................... 975,251 21,810 104,577 1,243 5,705 156,154 5,408 25 141 224 137

2003 Total .................... 1,003,036 27,441 137,361 1,937 5,719 195,336 4,909 30 156 216 136

2004 Total .................... 1,012,459 18,793 138,831 2,511 7,135 195,809 5,075 27 150 206 131

2005 Total .................... 1,033,567 19,450 138,337 2,591 7,877 199,760 5,485 24 166 205 116

2006 Total .................... 1,022,802 12,578 56,347 1,783 6,905 105,235 5,891 28 163 216 117

2007 Total .................... 1,041,346 15,135 62,072 2,496 5,523 107,316 6,502 27 165 221 117

2008 January ................ 94,085 1,573 3,175 336 476 7,467 503 2 14 20 10

 February .............. 86,301 1,155 2,584 252 437 6,177 413 2 13 18 9

 March ................... 82,904 905 2,248 224 363 5,192 434 2 14 21 11

 April ..................... 76,465 910 2,547 182 398 5,631 444 2 11 20 10

 May ...................... 80,763 911 2,731 185 376 5,707 450 2 12 20 10

 June ..................... 89,057 1,320 4,648 226 461 8,500 634 2 13 20 10

 July ...................... 97,694 971 3,806 189 414 7,035 752 2 15 22 11

 August ................. 95,263 857 3,171 171 441 6,405 734 2 15 21 11

 September ........... 85,078 849 3,845 174 412 6,930 578 1 13 20 10

 October ................ 79,729 747 2,281 158 433 5,352 519 2 12 20 10

 November ............ 80,601 815 2,548 202 393 5,531 432 1 13 20 10

 December ............ 88,952 1,307 3,637 309 394 7,220 449 2 14 21 10

 Total .................... 1,036,891 12,318 37,222 2,608 5,000 77,149 6,342 23 159 242 120

2009 January ................ 90,589 1,691 5,794 424 394 9,879 456 1 14 19 10

 February .............. 74,201 1,073 2,291 270 362 5,446 425 1 13 17 9

 March ................... 71,854 1,179 1,932 233 461 5,650 473 2 12 20 10

 April ..................... 66,938 746 1,605 170 402 4,531 430 2 10 20 10

 May ...................... 70,259 991 2,148 199 404 5,358 494 2 11 20 10

 June ..................... 78,847 938 2,316 148 401 5,410 622 2 13 21 10

 July ...................... 84,227 885 2,496 169 414 5,620 752 2 14 21 11

 August ................. 86,591 951 2,950 190 406 6,122 811 2 15 21 11

 September ........... 73,644 744 1,811 165 399 4,715 662 2 12 19 10

 October ................ 74,743 850 2,026 187 248 4,303 509 2 12 19 9

 November ............ 73,128 757 1,180 177 245 3,340 433 2 13 18 9

 December ............ 88,177 985 1,173 194 333 4,018 494 2 15 20 10

 Total .................... 933,197 11,791 27,723 2,525 4,471 64,393 6,561 22 153 234 118

2010 January ................ 90,260 2,464 2,779 240 412 7,541 514 2 15 18 9

 February .............. 79,591 789 1,029 188 382 3,913 453 2 13 16 8

 March ................... 76,125 720 1,226 127 416 4,152 426 2 13 20 10

 April ..................... 66,902 658 1,138 117 361 3,721 448 2 12 20 10

 May ...................... 75,539 983 1,973 114 393 5,036 536 2 12 19 10

 June ..................... 86,874 1,216 3,087 146 463 6,765 685 2 13 19 10

 6-Month Total ..... 475,291 6,829 11,231 932 2,427 31,128 3,061 12 78 113 58

2009 6-Month Total ..... 452,688 6,618 16,088 1,444 2,425 36,275 2,900 10 73 116 58

2008 6-Month Total ..... 509,574 6,773 17,933 1,406 2,512 38,674 2,879 13 77 119 60

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal

combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include

small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel

oil no. 4.

d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.

g Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

h Wood and wood-derived fuels. i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels). j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste

from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities and independent power producers.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include

fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. • The electric power sector comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22

category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the

public. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 99

Table 7.3c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.3a)

Commercial Sectora Industrial Sectorb

Coalc Petroleumd Natural

Gase

Biomass

Coalc Petroleumd Natural

Gase OtherGasesg

Biomass

Other Wastef Woodh Wastef i

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1989 Total .................... 414 1,165 18 9 9,707 8,482 444 83 267 15 37

1990 Total .................... 417 953 28 15 10,740 13,103 517 104 335 16 36

1995 Total .................... 569 649 43 21 12,171 12,265 601 114 373 13 40

1996 Total .................... 656 645 42 31 12,153 13,813 610 143 394 13 35

1997 Total .................... 630 790 39 34 12,311 11,723 623 105 367 14 36

1998 Total .................... 440 802 41 32 11,728 12,392 625 102 349 13 35

1999 Total .................... 481 931 39 33 11,432 12,595 639 112 364 8 39

2000 Total .................... 514 823 37 26 11,706 10,459 640 107 369 10 45

2001 Total .................... 532 1,023 36 15 10,636 10,530 654 88 370 7 44

2002 Total .................... 477 834 33 18 11,855 11,608 685 106 464 15 43

2003 Total .................... 582 894 38 19 10,440 10,424 668 127 362 13 46

2004 Total .................... 377 766 33 19 7,687 6,919 566 108 194 5 41

2005 Total .................... 377 585 34 20 7,504 6,440 518 85 189 5 46

2006 Total .................... 347 333 35 21 7,408 5,066 536 87 187 3 45

2007 Total .................... 361 258 34 19 5,089 5,041 554 88 188 4 41

2008 January ................ 33 22 3 2 414 375 48 6 16 (s) 3

 February .............. 31 18 3 2 371 313 42 6 14 1 3

 March ................... 25 10 3 2 444 315 43 7 15 (s) 3

 April ..................... 25 9 2 2 433 274 41 6 15 (s) 3

 May ...................... 28 9 2 2 457 266 43 6 15 (s) 4

 June ..................... 35 13 3 2 441 299 45 7 15 (s) 4

 July ...................... 36 18 3 2 464 296 50 7 16 1 4

 August ................. 34 11 3 2 455 287 49 8 16 (s) 4

 September ........... 32 8 3 2 435 315 37 6 14 (s) 3

 October ................ 28 10 3 2 428 271 43 5 15 (s) 3

 November ............ 29 14 3 2 362 242 39 5 15 (s) 2

 December ............ 32 24 3 2 369 365 39 5 13 (s) 2

 Total .................... 369 166 33 20 5,075 3,617 520 73 179 5 39

2009 January ................ 33 31 3 2 396 377 42 5 13 (s) 2

 February .............. 28 13 3 1 347 330 39 5 12 (s) 2

 March ................... 25 11 3 2 385 304 42 5 13 (s) 3

 April ..................... 23 13 3 2 367 282 39 4 13 (s) 3

 May ...................... 22 15 3 2 383 314 40 4 13 (s) 3

 June ..................... 23 11 3 2 394 291 42 5 13 (s) 3

 July ...................... 26 12 3 2 405 276 45 6 15 (s) 3

 August ................. 29 17 3 2 420 296 46 6 15 (s) 3

 September ........... 25 13 3 2 383 268 44 6 14 (s) 3

 October ................ 24 13 3 2 396 201 43 6 14 (s) 3

 November ............ 25 10 2 2 307 211 43 6 15 (s) 3

 December ............ 29 11 3 2 366 233 47 7 14 (s) 3

 Total .................... 313 171 32 20 4,549 3,383 511 64 164 4 31

2010 January ................ 33 11 3 2 621 280 48 6 14 (s) 3

 February .............. 29 11 3 1 611 225 42 5 14 (s) 2

 March ................... 25 11 3 2 705 207 45 6 15 (s) 3

 April ..................... 22 10 3 2 406 200 43 6 14 (s) 3

 May ...................... 23 13 3 2 687 227 43 6 14 (s) 3

 June ..................... 26 15 3 2 643 251 46 6 14 (s) 3

 6-Month Total ..... 157 72 16 10 3,673 1,391 267 35 85 2 16

2009 6-Month Total ..... 156 94 16 10 2,273 1,898 244 28 77 2 14

2008 6-Month Total ..... 177 82 16 10 2,560 1,842 262 38 90 2 21

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.

b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other

petroleum, and waste oil.

e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).

g Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

h Wood and wood-derived fuels. i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste

from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Through 1988,

data are not available. • See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1989.

Sources: • 1989-1997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form

EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000: EIA, Form

EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003: EIA,

Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power

Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 7.4 Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

and Useful Thermal Output

Coal by Sector, 1989-2009 Petroleum by Sector, 1989-2009

Natural Gas by Sector, 1989-2009 Other Gasesb

 by Sector, 1989-2009 

Wood by Sector, 1989-2009 Waste by Sector, 1989-2009

100 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Industrial Commercial

Industrial

Electric Power

Industrial

Totala

1990 1995 2000 2005

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

Totala

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

90

180

270

360

Million Barrels

Electric Power

a

Includes commercial sector.

b

Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste

gases derived from fossil fuels.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html

Sources: Tables 7.4a, 7.4b, and 7.4c.

Industrial

Totala

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100

200

300

400

Trillion Btu

Electric Power

Industrial

Totala

Total

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

Trillion Btu

Electric Power

Electric Power

Electric Power

Industrial

Totala

1990 1995 2000 2005

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 101

Table 7.4a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

 and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors) (Sum of Tables 7.4b and 7.4c)

Coala

Petroleum

Natural

Gasf OtherGasesg

Biomass

Otherj

Distillate

Fuel Oilb ResidualFuel Oilc OtherLiquidsd PetroleumCokee Totale Woodh Wastei

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1973 Total .................... 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660 NA 1 2 NA

1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA 0 2 NA

1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA

1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA

1990 Total k ................. 811,538 20,194 209,081 1,332 2,832 244,765 4,346 288 1,256 257 86

1995 Total .................... 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572 313 1,382 374 97

1996 Total .................... 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178 346 1,389 392 91

1997 Total .................... 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 5,433 307 1,397 407 103

1998 Total .................... 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030 334 1,349 404 95

1999 Total .................... 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,305 350 1,352 400 101

2000 Total .................... 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,677 356 1,380 401 109

2001 Total .................... 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,731 263 1,182 263 229

2002 Total .................... 1,005,144 24,749 118,637 3,257 7,353 183,409 6,986 278 1,287 289 252

2003 Total .................... 1,031,778 31,825 152,859 4,576 7,067 224,593 6,337 294 1,266 293 262

2004 Total .................... 1,044,798 23,520 157,478 4,764 8,721 229,364 6,727 353 1,360 282 254

2005 Total .................... 1,065,281 24,446 156,915 4,270 9,113 231,193 7,021 348 1,353 289 237

2006 Total .................... 1,053,783 14,655 69,846 3,396 8,622 131,005 7,404 341 1,399 300 247

2007 Total .................... 1,069,606 17,042 74,616 4,237 7,299 132,389 7,962 329 1,336 304 239

2008 January ................ 96,610 1,830 3,975 468 592 9,233 625 31 128 27 17

 February .............. 88,657 1,294 3,214 369 537 7,561 522 32 106 27 17

 March ................... 85,270 1,017 2,826 373 464 6,534 547 27 108 29 18

 April ..................... 78,700 1,007 3,038 271 499 6,810 550 24 106 27 17

 May ...................... 83,058 1,017 3,203 267 480 6,887 559 25 105 27 18

 June ..................... 91,296 1,450 5,131 299 576 9,761 750 26 102 27 18

 July ...................... 100,072 1,129 4,247 257 525 8,258 876 27 107 28 19

 August ................. 97,599 987 3,587 230 556 7,586 858 27 105 27 19

 September ........... 87,314 1,000 4,244 251 521 8,098 679 22 99 26 17

 October ................ 81,919 867 2,662 236 554 6,533 630 22 102 27 16

 November ............ 82,770 986 2,978 259 504 6,743 537 18 101 28 16

 December ............ 91,239 1,553 4,372 485 507 8,945 557 19 94 28 17

 Total .................... 1,064,503 14,137 43,477 3,765 6,314 92,948 7,689 300 1,263 328 209

2009 January ................ 92,879 1,991 6,628 517 515 11,712 571 21 99 27 14

 February .............. 76,337 1,351 2,804 354 475 6,884 529 20 92 23 13

 March ................... 74,043 1,344 2,327 355 565 6,852 587 21 94 31 15

 April ..................... 68,842 931 1,965 272 502 5,679 539 19 90 26 15

 May ...................... 72,222 1,225 2,695 277 501 6,701 602 19 92 27 16

 June ..................... 80,870 1,149 2,646 204 497 6,483 733 20 94 27 16

 July ...................... 86,324 1,109 2,833 211 516 6,733 867 23 105 28 17

 August ................. 88,654 1,156 3,323 249 515 7,304 929 24 109 28 17

 September ........... 75,593 934 2,150 239 499 5,816 774 24 99 26 15

 October ................ 76,748 986 2,381 238 368 5,443 623 22 104 25 15

 November ............ 75,099 881 1,482 225 378 4,476 545 21 103 26 15

 December ............ 90,376 1,103 1,571 249 463 5,237 615 23 106 28 16

 Total .................... 957,986 14,158 32,805 3,390 5,793 79,318 7,915 257 1,187 321 185

2010 January ................ 92,816 2,620 3,204 316 527 8,776 637 22 105 26 15

 February .............. 82,001 900 1,370 254 484 4,945 560 19 95 23 13

 March ................... 78,655 836 1,457 170 512 5,021 538 22 105 26 15

 April ..................... 68,948 733 1,366 152 460 4,553 554 22 99 27 16

 May ...................... 77,884 1,085 2,289 156 493 5,997 647 22 100 27 17

 June ..................... 89,212 1,318 3,430 179 563 7,741 798 22 103 26 16

 6-Month Total ..... 489,515 7,493 13,116 1,227 3,040 37,033 3,734 130 607 156 92

2009 6-Month Total ..... 465,193 7,990 19,065 1,979 3,055 44,310 3,561 120 561 161 90

2008 6-Month Total ..... 523,591 7,614 21,387 2,047 3,148 46,786 3,553 164 656 163 106

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small

amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small

amount of fuel oil no. 4.

d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.

g Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

h Wood and wood-derived fuels. i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels). j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste

from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial

plants.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal

output. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See sources for Tables 7.4b and 7.4c.
102 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 7.4b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

 and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector (Subset of Table 7.4a)

Coala

Petroleum

Natural

Gasf OtherGasesg

Biomass

Otherj

Distillate

Fuel Oilb ResidualFuel Oilc OtherLiquidsd PetroleumCokee Totale Woodh Wastei

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1973 Total .................... 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660 NA 1 2 NA

1975 Total .................... 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,158 NA (s) 2 NA

1980 Total .................... 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,682 NA 3 2 NA

1985 Total .................... 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044 NA 8 7 NA

1990 Total k ................. 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,245 11 129 188 (s)

1995 Total .................... 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,237 24 125 296 2

1996 Total .................... 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,807 20 138 300 2

1997 Total .................... 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,065 24 137 309 1

1998 Total .................... 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588 29 137 308 2

1999 Total .................... 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,820 19 138 315 1

2000 Total .................... 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206 25 134 318 1

2001 Total .................... 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342 15 126 211 113

2002 Total .................... 977,507 21,876 104,773 1,267 5,816 156,996 5,672 33 150 230 143

2003 Total .................... 1,005,116 27,632 138,279 2,026 5,799 196,932 5,135 41 167 230 140

2004 Total .................... 1,016,268 19,107 139,816 2,713 7,372 198,498 5,464 58 165 223 138

2005 Total .................... 1,037,485 19,675 139,409 2,685 8,083 202,184 5,869 84 185 221 123

2006 Total .................... 1,026,636 12,646 57,345 1,870 7,101 107,365 6,222 65 182 231 125

2007 Total .................... 1,045,141 15,327 63,086 2,594 5,685 109,431 6,841 61 186 237 124

2008 January ................ 94,459 1,596 3,263 344 486 7,631 531 5 16 21 11

 February .............. 86,626 1,182 2,629 259 449 6,315 439 5 15 20 11

 March ................... 83,215 925 2,323 245 374 5,363 461 6 15 23 11

 April ..................... 76,753 925 2,635 189 409 5,791 470 5 13 21 10

 May ...................... 81,056 928 2,817 191 385 5,863 475 6 13 21 11

 June ..................... 89,347 1,339 4,726 228 472 8,652 665 6 14 22 11

 July ...................... 98,032 986 3,890 190 424 7,186 782 6 16 23 11

 August ................. 95,590 873 3,271 172 445 6,541 763 6 16 22 11

 September ........... 85,376 866 3,931 175 421 7,075 603 4 15 21 10

 October ................ 79,982 764 2,369 161 444 5,513 545 5 14 21 10

 November ............ 80,883 836 2,646 205 405 5,710 458 4 15 21 10

 December ............ 89,259 1,327 3,742 312 407 7,415 476 4 16 22 11

 Total .................... 1,040,580 12,547 38,241 2,670 5,119 79,056 6,668 61 177 258 128

2009 January ................ 90,921 1,798 5,897 447 406 10,173 485 4 16 20 10

 February .............. 74,503 1,105 2,363 292 373 5,627 452 4 14 19 9

 March ................... 72,141 1,220 1,997 245 471 5,817 500 4 13 24 10

 April ..................... 67,199 765 1,691 180 413 4,702 456 4 12 21 10

 May ...................... 70,534 1,009 2,225 218 415 5,527 521 5 13 21 11

 June ..................... 79,128 952 2,397 150 414 5,567 649 5 15 22 11

 July ...................... 84,491 898 2,580 171 426 5,780 780 5 15 22 11

 August ................. 86,852 966 3,037 192 418 6,284 841 5 16 22 11

 September ........... 73,887 757 1,894 167 409 4,865 689 5 13 20 10

 October ................ 75,002 866 2,127 189 257 4,468 536 5 13 20 10

 November ............ 73,397 773 1,267 178 255 3,493 459 5 14 20 10

 December ............ 88,481 1,004 1,263 196 343 4,180 521 5 17 22 11

 Total .................... 936,536 12,115 28,738 2,622 4,602 66,483 6,888 56 173 253 126

2010 January ................ 90,587 2,499 2,862 245 422 7,718 543 5 17 20 10

 February .............. 79,896 814 1,066 212 393 4,055 478 4 15 18 9

 March ................... 76,405 731 1,268 129 430 4,277 452 5 15 21 10

 April ..................... 67,179 673 1,220 118 371 3,864 472 5 14 21 11

 May ...................... 75,822 998 2,064 115 403 5,192 563 5 13 20 11

 June ..................... 87,158 1,230 3,174 147 471 6,906 712 5 15 20 11

 6-Month Total ..... 477,047 6,945 11,653 968 2,489 32,012 3,220 28 89 122 62

2009 6-Month Total ..... 454,427 6,850 16,570 1,530 2,492 37,413 3,063 26 84 127 62

2008 6-Month Total ..... 511,457 6,896 18,392 1,455 2,575 39,615 3,042 33 86 128 65

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small

amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small

amount of fuel oil no. 4.

d Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. f Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels.

g Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

h Wood and wood-derived fuels. i Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).

j Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste

from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels). k Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities and independent power producers.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal

output. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Totals

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic

coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 103

Table 7.4c Consumption of Selected Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation

 and Useful Thermal Output: Commercial and Industrial Sectors (Subset of Table 7.4a)

Commercial Sectora Industrial Sectorb

Coalc Petroleumd Natural

Gase

Biomass

Coalc Petroleumd Natural

Gase OtherGasesg

Biomass

Other Wastef Woodh Wastef i

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet Trillion Btu

1989 Total .................... 1,125 1,967 30 22 24,867 25,444 914 195 926 35 85

1990 Total .................... 1,191 2,056 46 28 27,781 36,159 1,055 275 1,125 41 86

1995 Total .................... 1,419 1,245 78 40 29,363 34,448 1,258 290 1,255 38 95

1996 Total .................... 1,660 1,246 82 53 29,434 38,661 1,289 325 1,249 39 89

1997 Total .................... 1,738 1,584 87 58 29,853 37,265 1,282 283 1,259 41 102

1998 Total .................... 1,443 1,807 87 54 28,553 38,910 1,355 305 1,211 42 93

1999 Total .................... 1,490 1,613 84 54 27,763 37,312 1,401 331 1,213 31 99

2000 Total .................... 1,547 1,615 85 47 28,031 30,520 1,386 331 1,244 35 108

2001 Total .................... 1,448 1,832 79 25 25,755 26,817 1,310 248 1,054 27 101

2002 Total .................... 1,405 1,250 74 26 26,232 25,163 1,240 245 1,136 34 92

2003 Total .................... 1,816 1,449 58 29 24,846 26,212 1,144 253 1,097 34 103

2004 Total .................... 1,917 2,009 72 34 26,613 28,857 1,191 295 1,193 24 94

2005 Total .................... 1,922 1,630 68 34 25,875 27,380 1,084 264 1,166 34 94

2006 Total .................... 1,886 935 68 36 25,262 22,706 1,115 277 1,216 33 102

2007 Total .................... 1,927 752 70 31 22,537 22,207 1,050 268 1,148 36 98

2008 January ................ 197 108 6 3 1,954 1,494 87 26 112 3 5

 February .............. 181 71 6 3 1,850 1,175 78 27 92 4 5

 March ................... 176 35 6 3 1,879 1,136 80 21 92 4 5

 April ..................... 144 26 5 3 1,803 992 75 19 93 3 5

 May ...................... 145 20 4 3 1,857 1,004 79 20 92 2 6

 June ..................... 177 60 5 3 1,772 1,048 80 20 88 2 6

 July ...................... 169 93 6 3 1,871 978 88 21 90 2 6

 August ................. 168 36 6 3 1,841 1,008 89 21 88 2 6

 September ........... 155 22 6 3 1,783 1,001 71 18 84 2 5

 October ................ 150 29 5 3 1,787 991 80 17 88 3 4

 November ............ 166 51 5 3 1,721 981 74 15 86 4 4

 December ............ 195 118 6 3 1,784 1,412 75 15 78 4 4

 Total .................... 2,021 671 66 34 21,902 13,222 955 239 1,084 35 60

2009 January ................ 196 116 6 3 1,762 1,424 80 16 83 3 2

 February .............. 172 48 5 2 1,662 1,208 72 16 77 2 3

 March ................... 164 47 6 4 1,738 987 80 16 81 4 3

 April ..................... 129 40 5 3 1,514 937 77 15 78 3 3

 May ...................... 124 49 5 3 1,564 1,125 77 15 79 3 4

 June ..................... 136 43 5 3 1,606 872 79 15 79 3 3

 July ...................... 137 45 5 3 1,696 908 82 18 89 3 4

 August ................. 142 58 5 3 1,660 962 83 19 93 3 4

 September ........... 131 44 5 3 1,574 906 81 19 86 3 3

 October ................ 134 42 5 2 1,611 933 82 17 91 3 3

 November ............ 152 35 5 3 1,551 948 82 16 88 3 4

 December ............ 173 47 6 3 1,722 1,010 89 18 89 3 3

 Total .................... 1,790 617 63 34 19,660 12,219 964 201 1,013 34 39

2010 January ................ 193 49 6 3 2,036 1,010 88 18 88 3 3

 February .............. 169 39 5 2 1,937 851 77 14 80 3 3

 March ................... 154 40 5 3 2,095 705 81 17 90 2 3

 April ..................... 124 33 5 3 1,644 656 77 17 86 3 3

 May ...................... 124 42 5 3 1,938 763 79 18 87 3 3

 June ..................... 135 51 5 3 1,920 784 82 18 88 3 4

 6-Month Total ..... 899 254 30 17 11,570 4,768 484 102 517 17 20

2009 6-Month Total ..... 920 345 32 17 9,846 6,552 465 94 477 17 18

2008 6-Month Total ..... 1,019 321 32 17 11,115 6,850 479 132 569 18 32

a Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only

plants.

b Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

c Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and coal

synfuel.

d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other

petroleum, and waste oil.

e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).

g Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases

derived from fossil fuels.

h Wood and wood-derived fuels.

i Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, miscellaneous

technologies, and, beginning in 2001, non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste

from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels).

Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal

output. Through 1988, data are not available. • See Note, "Classification of Power

Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1989.

Sources: • 1989-1997: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form

EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000: EIA, Form

EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003: EIA,

Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004-2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power

Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." 

• 2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coal, 1973-2009 Coal, Monthly

Total Petroleum, 1973-2009 Total Petroleum, Monthly

Coal and Petroleum Stocks, 1973-2009 Petroleum by Major Type, End of Month

104 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

COALcOC

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3

4

Quadrillion Btu

Coal

Petroleum

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

50

100

150

200

250

Million Short Tons

2008 2009 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100

150

Million Barrels

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

50

100

150

200

Million Short Tons

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Million Barrels

2008 2009 2010

Fuel Oil

a

Converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.

 Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html.

 Sources: Tables 7.5, A1, and A5 (column 6).

17 17

5

21

18

4

24

18

4

Residual Distillate Petroleum

0

9

18

27

36

Million Barrels

June 2008

June 2009

June 2010

 Coke Fuel Oil a
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 105

Table 7.5 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coala

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oilb Residual Fuel Oilc Other Liquidsd Petroleum Cokee Totale

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels

1973 Year ............................. 86,967 10,095 79,121 NA 312 90,776

1975 Year ............................. 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 125,413

1980 Year ............................. 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 135,635

1985 Year ............................. 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 73,933

1990 Year ............................. 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 83,970

1995 Year ............................. 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 50,821

1996 Year ............................. 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 48,146

1997 Year ............................. 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 51,138

1998 Year ............................. 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 56,591

1999 Year f ........................... 141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 54,109

2000 Year ............................ 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 40,932

2001 Year ............................. 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 57,031

2002 Year ............................. 141,714 17,413 25,723 800 1,711 52,490

2003 Year ............................. 121,567 19,153 25,820 779 1,484 53,170

2004 Year ............................. 106,669 19,275 26,596 879 937 51,434

2005 Year ............................. 101,137 18,778 27,624 1,012 530 50,062

2006 Year ............................. 140,964 18,013 28,823 1,380 674 51,583

2007 Year ............................. 151,221 18,395 24,136 1,902 554 47,203

2008 January ........................ 146,973 18,633 23,972 1,997 656 47,884

 February ...................... 142,782 18,307 23,301 1,859 573 46,334

 March ........................... 146,497 18,091 22,807 2,062 662 46,271

 April ............................. 154,029 17,888 24,164 2,083 722 47,743

 May .............................. 159,408 17,824 23,228 2,087 758 46,927

 June ............................. 152,542 17,880 23,963 2,106 723 47,562

 July .............................. 142,572 17,911 23,175 2,111 776 47,075

 August ......................... 139,352 17,909 23,078 2,126 712 46,671

 September ................... 143,903 17,830 22,081 2,129 689 45,483

 October ........................ 155,659 17,911 22,112 2,197 683 45,634

 November .................... 163,390 18,241 21,488 2,198 777 45,811

 December ................... 161,589 17,761 21,088 1,955 739 44,498

2009 January ........................ 156,194 17,470 20,452 2,043 749 43,713

 February ...................... 160,741 17,204 21,083 2,038 733 43,988

 March ........................... 174,264 17,134 21,087 2,038 712 43,821

 April ............................. 185,989 17,794 20,796 2,043 701 44,137

 May .............................. 195,288 17,697 20,919 2,080 786 44,624

 June ............................. 195,887 17,621 21,046 2,101 757 44,554

 July .............................. 193,702 17,692 20,588 2,091 722 43,981

 August ......................... 191,611 17,759 19,928 2,075 876 44,140

 September ................... 197,167 17,858 19,212 2,081 965 43,978

 October ........................ 199,238 17,695 18,669 2,074 1,152 44,197

 November .................... 203,409 17,595 18,509 2,062 1,252 44,424

 December ................... 189,971 17,804 18,846 2,049 1,395 45,675

2010 January ........................ 175,815 17,115 17,953 2,018 1,384 44,006

 February ...................... 168,902 17,375 18,466 2,039 1,239 44,076

 March ........................... 175,432 17,263 18,545 1,916 1,166 43,556

 April ............................. 186,741 17,239 18,216 2,046 1,190 43,450

 May .............................. 189,381 17,186 17,803 2,073 1,145 42,789

 June ............................. 180,172 17,071 17,276 2,018 1,087 41,803

a Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. b Fuel oil nos. 1, 2 and 4. For 1973-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal

combustion plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also

include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel. c Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1973-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel

oil no. 4.

d Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of

waste oil.

e Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5.

f Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are

for electric utilities and independent power producers.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Stocks

are at end of period. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of

Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • 1973-September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4,

"Monthly Power Plant Report." • October 1977-1981: Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission, Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report." • 1982-1988: U.S.

Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant

Report." • 1989-1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and

Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000: EIA,

Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric

Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003: Form EIA-906, "Power Plant

Report." • 2004-2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form

EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report." • 2008 forward: EIA, Form

EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report."
Figure 7.6 Electricity End Use

(Billion Kilowatthours)

Electricity End Use Overview, 1989-2009 Retail Salesa

 by Sector, June 2010

Retail Salesa by Sector, 1973-2009 Retail Salesa by Sector, Monthly

Retail Salesa

 Total, January-June Retail Salesa Total, Monthly

106 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

127.0

120.4

79.8

0.7

Residential Industrial

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

Direct Useb

Total

Retail Salesa

Commercialc Transportationd

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

500

1,000

1,500

Residential

Industrial

2010

Transportationd

Commercialc

2008 2009

Commercialc

Transportationd

Residential

Industrial

a

Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities

and other energy service providers.

b

See “Direct Use” in Glossary.

c

Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities.

d

Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html.

Source: Table 7.6.

1,820

1,728 1,796

2008 2009 2010

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

100

200

300

400

2008 2009 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 107

Table 7.6 Electricity End Use

 (Million Kilowatthours)

Retail Salesa

Direct Usef Total

End Useg

Discontinued

Retail Sales Series

Residential Commercialb Industrialc Transportationd Total

Retail Salese Commercial(Old) h Other(Old) i

1973 Total .................... 579,231 E 444,505 686,085 E 3,087 1,712,909 NA 1,712,909 388,266 59,326

1975 Total .................... 588,140 E 468,296 687,680 E 2,974 1,747,091 NA 1,747,091 403,049 68,222

1980 Total .................... 717,495 558,643 815,067 3,244 2,094,449 NA 2,094,449 488,155 73,732

1985 Total .................... 793,934 689,121 836,772 4,147 2,323,974 NA 2,323,974 605,989 87,279

1990 Total .................... 924,019 838,263 945,522 4,751 2,712,555 124,529 2,837,084 751,027 91,988

1995 Total .................... 1,042,501 953,117 1,012,693 4,975 3,013,287 150,677 3,163,963 862,685 95,407

1996 Total .................... 1,082,512 980,061 1,033,631 4,923 3,101,127 152,638 3,253,765 887,445 97,539

1997 Total .................... 1,075,880 1,026,626 1,038,197 4,907 3,145,610 156,239 3,301,849 928,633 102,901

1998 Total .................... 1,130,109 1,077,957 1,051,203 4,962 3,264,231 160,866 3,425,097 979,401 103,518

1999 Total .................... 1,144,923 1,103,821 1,058,217 5,126 3,312,087 171,629 3,483,716 1,001,996 106,952

2000 Total .................... 1,192,446 1,159,347 1,064,239 5,382 3,421,414 170,943 3,592,357 1,055,232 109,496

2001 Total .................... 1,201,607 1,190,518 996,609 5,724 3,394,458 162,649 3,557,107 1,083,069 113,174

2002 Total .................... 1,265,180 1,204,531 990,238 5,517 3,465,466 166,184 3,631,650 1,104,497 105,552

2003 Total .................... 1,275,824 1,198,728 1,012,373 6,810 3,493,734 168,295 3,662,029 – – – –

2004 Total .................... 1,291,982 1,230,425 1,017,850 7,224 3,547,479 168,470 3,715,949 – – – –

2005 Total .................... 1,359,227 1,275,079 1,019,156 7,506 3,660,969 150,016 3,810,984 – – – –

2006 Total .................... 1,351,520 1,299,744 1,011,298 7,358 3,669,919 146,927 3,816,845 – – – –

2007 Total .................... 1,392,241 1,336,315 1,027,832 8,173 3,764,561 159,254 3,923,814 – – – –

2008 January ................ 132,938 109,028 83,582 714 326,263 E 15,743 342,006 – – – –

 February .............. 118,471 104,288 81,603 658 305,021 E 14,131 319,151 – – – –

 March ................... 107,057 103,239 83,714 638 294,647 E 14,616 309,264 – – – –

 April ..................... 91,977 101,502 83,999 617 278,095 E 13,950 292,044 – – – –

 May ...................... 92,018 107,379 88,166 598 288,162 E 14,388 302,550 – – – –

 June ..................... 121,137 119,063 87,345 625 328,170 E 14,948 343,118 – – – –

 July ...................... 143,269 128,028 88,310 653 360,261 E 16,246 376,507 – – – –

 August ................. 138,765 124,496 87,990 647 351,898 E 15,998 367,896 – – – –

 September ........... 117,589 118,677 85,565 626 322,457 E 13,199 335,655 – – – –

 October ................ 96,093 110,988 84,032 635 291,748 E 14,088 305,836 – – – –

 November ............ 95,665 102,384 79,373 615 278,037 E 12,947 290,984 – – – –

 December ............ 125,003 106,909 75,619 672 308,203 E 13,228 321,431 – – – –

 Total .................... 1,379,981 1,335,981 1,009,300 7,700 3,732,962 173,481 3,906,443 – – – –

2009 January ................ 135,904 111,126 72,088 746 319,865 E 13,757 333,622 – – – –

 February .............. 115,432 100,772 68,603 655 285,461 E 12,777 298,239 – – – –

 March ................... 106,467 104,015 71,105 664 282,252 E 13,718 295,969 – – – –

 April ..................... 91,395 101,302 70,730 604 264,032 E 12,882 276,914 – – – –

 May ...................... 94,084 106,401 72,267 587 273,340 E 13,053 286,393 – – – –

 June ..................... 114,178 116,139 72,425 605 303,347 E 13,769 317,115 – – – –

 July ...................... 137,467 123,010 75,032 656 336,166 E 14,628 350,794 – – – –

 August ................. 138,290 124,975 79,016 633 342,915 E 15,016 357,932 – – – –

 September ........... 115,217 116,315 76,884 636 309,051 E 13,976 323,027 – – – –

 October ................ 98,399 109,895 76,556 603 285,452 E 14,016 299,468 – – – –

 November ............ 92,614 99,669 72,945 597 265,825 E 13,791 279,616 – – – –

 December ............ 123,423 109,370 74,252 701 307,745 E 14,651 322,396 – – – –

 Total .................... 1,362,869 1,322,989 881,903 7,689 3,575,450 E 166,034 3,741,484 – – – –

2010 January ................ 147,849 109,639 72,584 732 330,804 E 15,213 346,017 – – – –

 February .............. 123,330 101,901 71,420 694 297,344 E 13,754 311,098 – – – –

 March ................... 112,057 103,426 75,905 651 292,039 E 15,391 307,429 – – – –

 April ..................... 88,111 101,487 76,084 598 266,279 E 14,085 280,364 – – – –

 May ...................... 94,777 107,239 79,227 607 281,850 E 14,366 296,216 – – – –

 June ..................... 126,975 120,372 79,841 652 327,840 E 15,124 342,964 – – – –

 6-Month Total ..... 693,099 644,063 455,061 3,933 1,796,156 E 87,933 1,884,089 – – – –

2009 6-Month Total ..... 657,460 639,756 427,218 3,862 1,728,296 E 79,956 1,808,252 – – – –

2008 6-Month Total ..... 663,598 644,499 508,410 3,851 1,820,358 E 87,776 1,908,134 – – – –

a Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and,

beginning in 1996, other energy service providers.

b Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting,

interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. c Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning

in 2003, includes agriculture and irrigation. d Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. e The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation." f Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same

entity that consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a

service or industrial process located within the same facility or group of facilities

that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.

g The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use."

h "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial

sector, excluding public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and

other sales to public authorities. i "Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway

lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and

irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.

E=Estimate. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/elect.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Electricity

Note. Classification of Power Plants Into EnergyUse Sectors. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only

and combined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use

sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a

NAICS code of 22 are assigned to the Electric Power

Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11

(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining,

including oil and gas extraction); 23 (construction); 31–33

(manufacturing); 2212 (natural gas distribution); and

22131 (water supply and irrigation systems) are assigned

to the Industrial Sector. Those with all other codes are

assigned to the Commercial Sector. Form EIA-860,

“Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to

indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assigning a

NAICS code from the list at:

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eia860/eia860.doc.

Table 7.1 Sources

Net Generation, Electric Power Sector

Table 7.2b.

Net Generation, Commercial and Industrial Sectors

Table 7.2c.

Imports and Exports, Electricity Trade With

Canada and Mexico, 1973–1989

1973–September 1977: Unpublished Federal Power

Commission data.

October 1977–1980: Unpublished Economic Regulatory

Administration (ERA) data. 

1981: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of

Energy Emergency Operations, “Report on Electric Energy

Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year

1981,” April 1982 (revised June 1982).

1982 and 1983: DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across

International Borders. 

1984–1986: DOE, ERA, Electricity Transactions Across

International Borders. 

1987 and 1988: DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, “Annual

Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.” 

1989: DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, “Annual

Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data.”

Imports and Exports, Electricity Trade with

Canada, 1990 Forward

National Energy Board of Canada, data for total sales (firm

and interruptible; which exclude non-revenue, inadvertent,

and service) from Canada to the United States, and data for

total purchases (which exclude non-revenue, inadvertent,

and service) by Canada from the United States.

Imports and Exports, Electricity Trade with

Mexico, 1990 Forward

DOE, Fossil Energy, Office of Fuels Programs, Form

FE-781R, “Annual Report of International Electrical

Export/Import Data.” For 2001 forward, data from the

California Independent System Operator were used in

combination with the Form FE-781R values to estimate

electricity trade with Mexico.

T&D Losses and Unaccounted for

Calculated as the sum of total net generation and imports

minus end use and exports.

End Use

Table 7.6.

Table 7.2b Sources

1973–September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form

FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report.” 

October 1977–1981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report.” 

1982–1988: U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”

1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant

Report,” and Form EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power

Producer Report.”

1998–2000: EIA, Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant

Report,” and Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report–Nonutility.” 

2001–2003: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.” 

2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report,”

and Form EIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant

Report.”

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report.” 

Table 7.2c Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power, 1973–1988

1973–September 1977: Federal Power Commission

(FPC), Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report,” for

plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 megawatts,

and FPC, Form FPC-12C, “Industrial Electric Generating

Capacity,” for all other plants.

October 1977–1978: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant

Report,” for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10

megawatts, and FERC, Form FPC-12C, “Industrial

Electric Generating Capacity,” for all other plants.

1979: FERC, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant

Report,” for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10

megawatts, and U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) estimates for all other plants.

108 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
1980–1988: Estimated by EIA as the average generation

over the 6-year period of 1974–1979.

All Data, 1989 Forward

1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power

Producer Report.”

1998–2000: EIA, Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric

Generator Report—Nonutility.”

2001–2003: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report,”

and Form EIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant

Report.”

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report.”

Table 7.3b Sources

1973–September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form

FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”

October 1977–1981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”

1982–1988: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”

1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power

Plant Report,” and Form EIA-867, “Annual

Nonutility Power Producer Report.”

1998–2000: EIA, Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant

Report,” and Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator

Report–Nonutility.”

2001–2003: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report,”

and Form EIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant

Report.”

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report.” 

Table 7.4b Sources

1973–September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form

FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”

October 1977–1981: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”

1982–1988: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report.”

1989–1997: EIA, Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power

Plant Report,” and Form EIA-867, “Annual

Nonutility Power Producer Report.”

1998–2000: EIA, Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant

Report,” and Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator

Report–Nonutility.”

2001–2003: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

2004–2007: EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report,”

and Form EIA-920, “Combined Heat and Power Plant

Report.”

2008 forward: EIA, Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report.”

Table 7.6 Sources

Retail Sales, Residential and Industrial

1973–September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form

FPC-5, “Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue

and Income.” 

October 1977–February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, “Monthly Statement of

Electric Operating Revenue and Income.” 

March 1980–1982: FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric Utility

Company Monthly Statement." 

1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form

EIA-826, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement.”

1984–1993: EIA, Form EIA-861, “Annual Electric Utility

Report.” 

1994 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, September

2010, Table 5.1.

Retail Sales, Commercial

1973–2002: Estimated by EIA as the sum of “Commercial

(Old)” and the non-transportation portion of “Other (Old).”

See estimation methodology at

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.

2003 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, September

2010, Table 5.1.

Retail Sales, Transportation

1973–2002: Estimated by EIA as the transportation portion

of “Other (Old).” See estimation methodology at

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf.

2003 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, September

2010, Table 5.1.

Direct Use, Annual

1989–1996: EIA, Form EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power

Producer Report.”

1997–2008: EIA, Electric Power Annual 2008, January

2010, Table 7.2.

2009: Sum of monthly estimates.

Direct Use, Monthly

Annual shares are calculated as annual direct use divided by

annual commercial and industrial net generation (on Table

7.1). Then monthly direct use estimates are calculated as the

annual share multiplied by the monthly commercial and

industrial net generation values. For 2009 and 2010, the

2008 annual share is used.

Discontinued Retail Sales Series Commercial (Old)

and Other (Old) 1973–2002: See sources for

“Residential” and “Industrial.”

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 109

Nuclear Energy

Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States (rectangular reactor building

and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bruce Mansfield coal-fired power plant (southwestern

Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

8
Figure 8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview

Operable Units, End of Year, 1973-2009

Electricity Net Generation, 1973-2009 Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation,

1973-2009

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation Capacity Factor, Monthly

112 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/nuclear.html.

Sources: Tables 7.2a and 8.1.

 2008 2010 2009

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

25

50

75

100

125

Number of Units

42 units

(1973)

Peak: 112 units

(1990) 104 units

(2009)

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3

4

5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total

Nuclear Electric Power

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

Percent

70.319 69.735 68.301

June June June

0

30

60

90

Billion Kilowatthours

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Percent

2008 2009 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 113

Table 8.1 Nuclear Energy Overview

Total

Operable

Unitsa,b

Net Summer

Capacity of

Operable Unitsb,c

Nuclear Electricity

Net Generation

Nuclear Share

of Electricity

Net Generation Capacity Factord

Number Million Kilowatts Million Kilowatthours Percent

1973 Total .......................... 42 22.683 83,479 4.5 53.5

1975 Total .......................... 57 37.267 172,505 9.0 55.9

1980 Total .......................... 71 51.810 251,116 11.0 56.3

1985 Total .......................... 96 79.397 383,691 15.5 58.0

1990 Total .......................... 112 99.624 576,862 19.0 66.0

1995 Total .......................... 109 99.515 673,402 20.1 77.4

1996 Total .......................... 109 100.784 674,729 19.6 76.2

1997 Total .......................... 107 99.716 628,644 18.0 71.1

1998 Total .......................... 104 97.070 673,702 18.6 78.2

1999 Total .......................... 104 97.411 728,254 19.7 85.3

2000 Total .......................... 104 97.860 753,893 19.8 88.1

2001 Total .......................... 104 98.159 768,826 20.6 89.4

2002 Total .......................... 104 98.657 780,064 20.2 90.3

2003 Total .......................... 104 99.209 763,733 19.7 87.9

2004 Total .......................... 104 99.628 788,528 19.9 90.1

2005 Total .......................... 104 99.988 781,986 19.3 89.3

2006 Total .......................... 104 100.334 787,219 19.4 89.6

2007 Total .......................... 104 100.266 806,425 19.4 91.8

2008 January ...................... 104 100.755 70,735 19.5 94.4

 February .................... 104 100.755 65,130 20.0 92.9

 March ......................... 104 100.755 64,716 19.9 86.3

 April ........................... 104 100.755 57,333 18.7 79.0

 May ............................ 104 100.755 64,826 19.9 86.5

 June ........................... 104 100.755 70,319 18.8 96.9

 July ............................ 104 100.755 74,318 18.4 99.1

 August ....................... 104 100.755 72,617 18.7 96.9

 September ................. 104 100.755 67,054 19.8 92.4

 October ...................... 104 100.755 62,820 19.7 83.8

 November .................. 104 100.755 63,408 20.5 87.4

 December .................. 104 100.755 72,931 21.2 97.3

 Total .......................... 104 100.755 806,208 19.6 91.1

2009 January ...................... 104 100.755 74,102 20.9 98.9

 February .................... 104 100.755 64,227 21.3 94.9

 March ......................... 104 100.755 67,241 21.6 89.7

 April ........................... 104 100.755 59,408 20.5 81.9

 May ............................ 104 100.755 65,375 21.0 87.2

 June ........................... 104 100.755 69,735 20.0 96.1

 July ............................ 104 100.755 72,949 19.6 97.3

 August ....................... 104 100.755 72,245 19.0 96.4

 September ................. 104 100.755 65,662 20.1 90.5

 October ...................... 104 100.755 58,021 18.9 77.4

 November .................. 104 100.755 59,069 19.9 81.4

 December .................. 104 100.755 70,710 20.2 94.3

 Total .......................... 104 100.755 798,745 20.2 90.5

2010 January ...................... 104 100.755 72,534 20.1 96.8

 February .................... 104 100.755 65,247 20.4 96.4

 March ......................... 104 100.755 64,639 20.7 86.2

 April ........................... 104 100.755 57,611 20.0 79.4

 May ............................ 104 100.755 66,658 20.3 88.9

 June ........................... 104 100.755 68,301 18.2 94.2

 6-Month Total ........... 104 100.755 394,992 19.9 90.2

2009 6-Month Total ........... 104 100.755 400,089 20.9 91.4

2008 6-Month Total ........... 104 100.755 393,059 19.5 89.3

a Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent

permission to operate, at end of period. See Note 1, "Operable Nuclear Reactors,"

at end of section. For additional information on nuclear generating units, see

Annual Energy Review 2009, August 2010, Table 9.1,

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/nuclear.html.

b At end of period. c For the definition of "Net Summer Capacity," see Note 2, "Nuclear Capacity,"

at end of section.

d For an explanation of the method of calculating the capacity factor, see Note

2, "Nuclear Capacity," at end of section.

Notes: • For a discussion of nuclear reactor unit coverage, see Note 1,

"Operable Nuclear Reactors," at end of section. • Nuclear electricity net

generation totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/nuclear.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Nuclear Energy 

Note 1. Operable Nuclear Reactors. A reactor is

generally defined as operable while it possessed a full-power

license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its

predecessor the Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent

permission to operate, at the end of the year or month

shown. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude

units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine

shutdowns that for a time rendered them unable to generate

electricity. Examples are:

(a) In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Valley Authority

(TVA) units (Browns Ferry 1, 2, and 3, and Sequoyah 1 and

2) were shut down under a regulatory forced outage. All

five units were idle for several years, restarting in 2007,

1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively and were counted

as operable during the shutdowns. 

(b) Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976

for conversion to a light-water breeder reactor, but is

counted as operable from 1957 until its retirement in 1982.

(c) Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 1990 for

replacement of pressurizer heater sleeves but is counted as

operable during those years.

Exceptions to the definition are Shoreham and Three Mile

Island 2. Shoreham was granted a full-power license in April

1989, but was shut down two months later and never

restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to Possession

Only. Although not operable at the end of the year,

Shoreham is counted as operable during 1989. A major

accident closed Three Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although

the unit retained its full-power license for several years, it is

considered permanently shut down since that year. 

Note 2. Nuclear Capacity. Nuclear generating units may

have more than one type of net capacity rating, including the

following: 

(a) Net Summer Capacity—The steady hourly output that

generating equipment is expected to supply to system load,

exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by test at the

time of summer peak demand. Auxiliary power of a typical

nuclear power plant is about 5 percent of gross generation.

(b) Net Design Capacity or Net Design Electrical Rating

(DER)—The nominal net electrical output of a unit,

specified by the utility and used for plant design.

The monthly capacity factors are calculated as the monthly

nuclear electricity net generation divided by the maximum

possible nuclear electricity net generation for that month. The

maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation is the

number of hours in the month (assuming 24-hour days, with

no adjustment for changes to or from Daylight Savings Time)

multiplied by the net summer capacity of operable nuclear

generating units at the end of the month. That fraction is then

multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. Annual capacity

factors are calculated as the annual nuclear electricity net

generation divided by the annual maximum possible nuclear

electricity net generation (the sum of the monthly values for

maximum possible nuclear electricity net generation).

Table 8.1 Sources

Total Operable Units and Net Summer Capacity of

Operable Units 

1973-1982: Compiled from various sources, primarily

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Reactor

Programs, “U.S. Central Station Nuclear Electric

Generating Units: Significant Milestones.” 

1983 forward: U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,”

and monthly updates as appropriate. For a list of currently

operable units, see:

http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/nuc_reactors/operational.xls.

Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of

Electricity Net Generation

See Table 7.2a.

Capacity Factor

Calculated by EIA using the method described above in

Note 2.

114 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Energy Prices

9
Figure 9.1 Petroleum Prices

Crude Oil Prices, 1973-2009 Composite Refiner Acquisition Cost, Monthly

Refiner Prices to End Users: Motor Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, and Jet Fuel, Monthly

Refiner Prices to End Users: No. 2 Fuel Oil, Propane, and Residual Fuel, Monthly

116 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

2008

Residual Fuel Oil

b

b a

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

b

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html.

Sources: Tables 9.1, 9.5, and 9.7.

2009

2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20

40

60

80

100

Dollars per Barrel

J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

Dollars per Barrel

Composite Refiner

Acquisition Cost

Domestic First

Purchase Price

a

a

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Cents per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

Finished 

Motor Gasoline

No. 2 

Diesel Fuel

Kerosene-Type 

Jet Fuel

2008 2009 2010

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Cents per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

No. 2 Fuel Oil

Propane

(Consumer Grade)

2008 2009 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 117

Table 9.1 Crude Oil Price Summary

 (Dollarsa per Barrel)

Domestic First

Purchase Pricec

F.O.B. Cost

of Importsd

Landed Cost

of Importse

Refiner Acquisition Costb

Domestic Imported Composite

1973 Average .................. 3.89 f 5.21 f 6.41 E 4.17 E 4.08 E 4.15

1975 Average .................. 7.67 11.18 12.70 8.39 13.93 10.38

1980 Average .................. 21.59 32.37 33.67 24.23 33.89 28.07

1985 Average .................. 24.09 25.84 26.67 26.66 26.99 26.75

1990 Average .................. 20.03 20.37 21.13 22.59 21.76 22.22

1995 Average .................. 14.62 15.69 16.78 17.33 17.14 17.23

1996 Average .................. 18.46 19.32 20.31 20.77 20.64 20.71

1997 Average .................. 17.23 16.94 18.11 19.61 18.53 19.04

1998 Average .................. 10.87 10.76 11.84 13.18 12.04 12.52

1999 Average .................. 15.56 16.47 17.23 17.90 17.26 17.51

2000 Average .................. 26.72 26.27 27.53 29.11 27.70 28.26

2001 Average .................. 21.84 20.46 21.82 24.33 22.00 22.95

2002 Average .................. 22.51 22.63 23.91 24.65 23.71 24.10

2003 Average .................. 27.56 25.86 27.69 29.82 27.71 28.53

2004 Average .................. 36.77 33.75 36.07 38.97 35.90 36.98

2005 Average .................. 50.28 47.60 49.29 52.94 48.86 50.24

2006 Average .................. 59.69 57.03 59.11 62.62 59.02 60.24

2007 Average .................. 66.52 66.36 67.97 69.65 67.04 67.94

2008 January .................... 87.06 83.49 86.65 89.57 84.82 86.48

 February .................. 89.41 87.84 90.71 92.23 87.41 89.09

 March ....................... 98.44 96.32 99.94 99.87 96.96 97.96

 April ......................... 106.64 104.04 108.40 108.54 104.72 106.09

 May .......................... 118.55 115.02 119.40 119.75 116.55 117.64

 June ......................... 127.47 123.34 125.65 129.45 126.22 127.32

 July .......................... 128.08 122.12 124.20 131.47 127.77 129.03

 August ..................... 112.83 108.10 109.64 118.42 111.19 113.74

 September ............... 98.50 90.85 91.83 103.73 96.38 98.91

 October .................... 73.18 63.09 65.40 81.03 70.84 74.22

 November ................ 53.67 44.95 46.96 61.65 49.10 53.33

 December ................ 36.80 34.23 36.86 41.42 35.59 37.67

 Average .................. 94.04 90.32 93.33 98.47 92.77 94.74

2009 January .................... 35.00 36.87 38.74 38.67 36.84 37.45

 February .................. 34.14 38.08 40.27 37.51 38.56 38.15

 March ....................... 42.45 44.34 46.74 44.92 45.96 45.57

 April ......................... 45.19 47.67 51.43 47.52 49.58 48.78

 May .......................... 52.67 55.61 58.27 54.58 56.77 55.96

 June ......................... 63.09 64.82 65.89 64.65 66.37 65.72

 July .......................... 60.44 62.32 64.78 63.79 63.46 63.58

 August ..................... 65.28 67.47 68.53 67.81 68.09 67.99

 September ............... 65.28 65.41 68.50 67.87 67.65 67.74

 October .................... 69.82 70.45 72.58 72.09 72.06 72.08

 November ................ 71.99 73.16 74.41 74.60 74.40 74.48

 December ................ 70.42 71.24 73.50 73.35 72.67 72.95

 Average .................. 56.35 57.78 60.23 59.49 59.17 59.29

2010 January .................... 72.89 72.96 74.78 76.04 75.07 75.48

 February .................. 72.74 71.50 75.01 75.91 73.73 74.58

 March ....................... 75.77 75.41 77.65 78.52 76.77 77.43

 April ......................... 78.80 R 78.27 R 79.34 82.12 80.03 80.83

 May .......................... R 70.90 R 69.23 R 71.87 R 75.23 R 71.15 R 72.66

 June ......................... R 70.75 R 69.73 R 71.51 R 73.93 R 71.91 R 72.66

 July .......................... NA NA NA E 75.57 E 76.05 E 75.81

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. b See Note 1, "Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs," at end of section. c See Note 2, "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section. d See Note 3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. e See Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed Costs," at end of section.

f Based on October, November, and December data only.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate. 

Notes: • Values for Domestic First Purchase Price and Refiner Acquisition Cost

for the current two months and for F.O.B. and Landed Costs of Imports for the

current three months are preliminary. • F.O.B. and landed costs through 1980

reflect the period of reporting; prices since then reflect the period of loading.

• Annual averages are the averages of the monthly prices, weighted by volume.

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the

Virgin Islands, and all U.S. Territories and Possessions. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
118 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 9.2 F.O.B. Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

 (Dollarsa per Barrel)

Selected Countries

Persian

Gulf

Nationsb Total

OPECc Total

Angola Colombia Mexico Nigeria Non-OPECc Saudi

Arabia

United

Kingdom Venezuela

1973 Averaged ................. W W – 7.81 3.25 – 5.39 3.68 5.43 4.80

1975 Average .................. 10.97 – 11.44 11.82 10.87 – 11.04 10.88 11.34 10.62

1980 Average .................. 33.45 W 31.06 35.93 28.17 34.36 24.81 28.92 32.21 32.85

1985 Average .................. 26.30 – 25.33 28.04 22.04 27.64 23.64 23.31 25.67 25.96

1990 Average .................. 20.23 20.75 19.26 22.46 20.36 23.43 19.55 18.54 20.40 20.32

1995 Average .................. 16.58 16.73 15.64 17.40 W 16.94 13.86 W 15.36 16.02

1996 Average .................. 20.71 21.33 19.14 21.27 19.28 19.43 17.73 19.22 18.94 19.65

1997 Average .................. 18.81 18.85 16.72 19.43 15.16 18.59 15.33 15.24 16.26 17.51

1998 Average .................. 12.11 12.56 10.49 12.97 8.87 12.52 9.31 9.09 10.20 11.21

1999 Average .................. 17.46 17.20 15.89 17.32 17.65 19.14 14.33 17.15 15.90 16.84

2000 Average .................. 27.90 29.04 25.39 28.70 24.62 27.21 24.45 24.72 25.56 26.77

2001 Average .................. 23.25 24.25 18.89 24.85 18.98 23.30 18.01 18.89 19.73 21.04

2002 Average .................. 24.09 24.64 21.60 25.38 23.92 24.50 20.13 23.38 22.18 22.93

2003 Average .................. 28.22 28.89 24.83 29.40 25.03 28.76 23.81 25.17 25.36 26.21

2004 Average .................. 37.26 37.73 31.55 38.71 34.08 37.30 31.78 33.08 33.95 33.58

2005 Average .................. 52.48 51.89 43.00 55.95 47.96 54.48 46.39 47.21 49.60 45.79

2006 Average .................. 62.23 59.77 52.91 65.69 56.09 66.03 55.80 56.02 59.18 55.35

2007 Average .................. 67.80 67.93 61.35 76.64 W 69.96 64.10 69.93 69.58 62.69

2008 January .................... 88.77 80.54 80.10 93.59 88.52 – 80.49 83.79 85.51 80.72

 February .................. 93.84 83.63 80.49 98.72 W W 84.10 94.00 91.87 83.21

 March ....................... 101.34 99.67 87.46 107.04 W – 89.63 101.72 99.90 92.25

 April ......................... 110.80 106.06 94.08 114.87 W – 96.71 113.04 108.19 98.89

 May .......................... 119.61 117.49 103.53 127.35 123.98 – 107.89 121.13 118.23 111.30

 June ......................... 130.72 125.58 116.15 140.01 125.58 W 119.15 124.37 126.30 120.14

 July .......................... 127.19 122.27 123.19 134.58 110.61 W 123.18 110.34 121.93 122.37

 August ..................... 107.58 108.36 108.45 117.21 107.54 W 110.20 105.06 108.99 107.17

 September ............... 92.42 95.87 92.26 95.68 70.86 W 92.76 75.41 89.61 92.24

 October .................... 62.08 61.83 63.74 67.28 66.18 W 60.35 61.78 62.77 63.42

 November ................ 48.16 42.14 42.37 51.45 47.97 – 42.22 45.14 45.61 44.30

 December ................ W W 32.86 44.02 W – 32.98 35.69 35.79 32.90

 Average .................. 95.66 91.17 84.61 102.06 93.03 96.33 88.06 91.44 93.15 87.15

2009 January .................... 39.50 26.24 36.96 46.26 W W 36.68 35.24 37.61 36.15

 February .................. 40.60 32.55 37.59 45.02 W – 38.03 36.38 39.71 36.81

 March ....................... 44.56 46.69 40.94 50.34 48.31 W 41.78 47.66 45.75 42.96

 April ......................... 50.59 W 46.71 54.00 W – 45.98 51.05 48.82 46.87

 May .......................... 55.23 54.17 55.49 59.02 W – 54.91 58.05 56.30 55.12

 June ......................... 66.96 62.94 63.83 69.00 W – 63.16 64.26 65.37 64.34

 July .......................... 63.34 58.58 60.42 69.73 W – 60.16 63.42 63.25 61.39

 August ..................... 72.25 64.41 67.20 72.37 66.37 W 65.42 66.14 67.65 67.31

 September ............... 67.49 63.68 64.51 69.65 W – 64.18 67.25 65.91 65.04

 October .................... 71.19 69.59 68.71 76.01 W W 66.95 73.45 70.54 70.38

 November ................ 76.89 70.96 72.71 77.58 W W 69.43 72.99 73.60 72.81

 December ................ 74.56 66.72 69.75 76.06 W – 68.32 72.85 72.48 70.01

 Average .................. 57.07 57.90 56.47 64.61 57.87 65.63 55.58 59.53 58.53 57.16

2010 January .................... 74.62 70.08 72.96 75.91 W – 70.86 W 73.42 72.49

 February .................. W 68.70 69.16 76.07 W – 68.83 71.89 71.77 71.14

 March ....................... 78.11 73.90 72.76 81.27 W – 70.88 76.10 75.83 74.91

 April ......................... 84.40 74.85 75.57 85.94 W W R 72.59 80.01 R 78.88 R 77.73

 May .......................... R 71.86 R 64.32 R 68.30 R 74.28 W – R 66.37 73.60 R 70.45 R 68.27

 June ......................... W 67.19 67.64 75.21 W – 66.22 72.49 70.84 68.83

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 

On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,

Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008,

also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992 and again beginning in 2008, also includes

Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table

Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes

Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and

beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in

"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." d Based on October, November, and December data only.

R=Revised. – =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

individual company data.

Notes: • The Free on Board (F.O.B.) cost at the country of origin excludes all

costs related to insurance and transportation. See "F.O.B." in Glossary, and Note

3, "Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs," at end of section. • Values for the current two months

are preliminary. • Prices through 1980 reflect the period of reporting; prices since

then reflect the period of loading. • Annual averages are averages of the monthly

prices, including prices not published, weighted by volume. • Cargoes that are

purchased on a "netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements

whereby the actual purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is

acquired for importation into the United States, are not included in the published

data until the actual prices have been determined and reported. • U.S. geographic

coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section. 
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 119

Table 9.3 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

 (Dollarsa per Barrel)

Selected Countries

Persian

Gulf

Nationsb Total

OPECc Total

Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Nigeria Non-OPECc Saudi

Arabia

United

Kingdom Venezuela

1973 Averaged ............... W 5.33 W – 9.08 5.37 – 5.99 5.91 6.85 5.64

1975 Average ................ 11.81 12.84 – 12.61 12.70 12.50 – 12.36 12.64 12.70 12.70

1980 Average ................ 34.76 30.11 W 31.77 37.15 29.80 35.68 25.92 30.59 33.56 33.99

1985 Average ................ 27.39 25.71 – 25.63 28.96 24.72 28.36 24.43 25.50 26.86 26.53

1990 Average ................ 21.51 20.48 22.34 19.64 23.33 21.82 22.65 20.31 20.55 21.23 20.98

1995 Average ................ 17.66 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.25 16.84 17.91 14.81 16.78 16.61 16.95

1996 Average ................ 21.86 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.95 20.49 20.88 18.59 20.45 20.14 20.47

1997 Average ................ 20.24 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.64 17.52 20.64 16.35 17.44 17.73 18.45

1998 Average ................ 13.37 11.62 13.26 11.04 14.14 11.16 13.55 10.16 11.18 11.46 12.22

1999 Average ................ 18.37 17.54 18.09 16.12 17.63 17.48 18.26 15.58 17.37 16.94 17.51

2000 Average ................ 29.57 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.04 26.58 29.26 26.05 26.77 27.29 27.80

2001 Average ................ 25.13 20.72 25.88 19.37 26.55 20.98 25.32 19.81 20.73 21.52 22.17

2002 Average ................ 25.43 22.98 25.28 22.09 26.45 24.77 26.35 21.93 24.13 23.83 23.97

2003 Average ................ 30.14 26.76 30.55 25.48 31.07 27.50 30.62 25.70 27.54 27.70 27.68

2004 Average ................ 39.62 34.51 39.03 32.25 40.95 37.11 39.28 33.79 36.53 36.84 35.29

2005 Average ................ 54.31 44.73 53.42 43.47 57.55 50.31 55.28 47.87 49.68 51.36 47.31

2006 Average ................ 64.85 53.90 62.13 53.76 68.26 59.19 67.44 57.37 58.92 61.21 57.14

2007 Average ................ 71.27 60.38 70.91 62.31 78.01 70.78 72.47 66.13 69.83 71.14 63.96

2008 January .................. 93.21 77.83 85.22 81.28 97.03 92.42 W 83.23 89.70 89.66 82.10

 February ................ 97.79 81.40 85.20 81.33 101.23 97.64 W 86.34 96.04 94.71 85.13

 March ..................... 106.19 93.34 102.88 88.49 109.73 108.26 W 93.01 105.39 103.78 94.65

 April ....................... 117.34 103.08 105.95 95.27 117.83 118.54 W 100.13 115.56 112.11 103.30

 May ........................ 127.06 111.83 118.43 104.42 130.89 126.38 128.95 111.77 124.49 122.98 114.83

 June ....................... 133.68 119.41 127.35 117.29 142.66 125.38 W 122.29 125.28 128.10 122.57

 July ........................ 128.58 122.83 126.22 124.28 137.22 116.22 W 124.91 116.43 124.20 124.20

 August ................... 110.00 110.63 113.17 109.61 123.02 104.42 104.13 111.78 103.92 109.56 109.74

 September ............. 94.05 96.38 97.72 93.59 98.82 77.92 88.13 95.67 78.65 89.55 94.43

 October .................. 62.74 69.52 62.09 65.65 72.38 62.89 69.17 62.47 60.47 64.33 66.68

 November .............. 49.22 49.00 44.28 43.05 55.13 47.77 60.68 44.08 46.29 47.34 46.52

 December .............. 40.13 33.39 35.28 33.94 47.15 38.28 – 34.95 37.86 38.36 35.17

 Average ................ 98.18 90.00 93.43 85.97 104.83 94.75 96.95 90.76 93.59 95.49 90.59

2009 January .................. 43.58 34.17 32.08 38.08 48.98 39.78 W 39.12 39.41 40.26 36.96

 February ................ 42.83 35.83 34.49 38.16 47.00 44.46 W 39.58 43.17 42.75 38.08

 March ..................... 47.58 44.22 46.70 41.76 53.02 52.14 47.76 43.87 50.54 48.55 45.09

 April ....................... 53.45 47.60 46.43 47.26 59.03 57.32 52.41 48.40 57.10 54.22 48.78

 May ........................ 56.44 54.42 54.90 56.22 63.48 62.40 60.43 56.78 62.11 60.06 56.79

 June ....................... 68.46 63.97 65.65 64.39 69.29 66.27 68.54 64.52 66.28 66.63 65.19

 July ........................ 67.21 62.18 63.24 60.99 71.46 66.14 W 62.11 66.20 66.27 63.23

 August ................... 72.52 64.23 66.71 67.71 73.94 69.37 73.66 67.23 69.23 70.00 66.96

 September ............. 72.63 66.59 66.27 65.00 71.98 72.77 W 65.85 72.05 70.02 66.84

 October .................. 74.94 70.28 71.24 69.40 77.72 74.20 W 68.85 74.18 73.71 71.46

 November .............. 78.25 71.95 72.70 73.29 79.00 73.92 W 71.41 73.99 75.18 73.67

 December .............. 77.11 70.01 70.18 70.20 78.63 73.08 78.33 70.46 74.54 75.01 71.88

 Average ................ 61.32 57.60 58.50 57.35 68.01 62.14 63.87 57.78 62.15 61.90 58.58

2010 January .................. 77.32 72.59 74.26 73.23 78.58 76.63 77.97 72.63 76.34 75.91 73.59

 February ................ 79.06 73.37 73.11 69.48 79.25 77.29 77.84 70.91 77.27 76.24 73.33

 March ..................... 80.93 76.82 76.08 73.07 83.68 77.57 79.07 72.92 77.55 78.40 76.84

 April ....................... R 82.26 R 78.36 76.33 75.03 R 86.80 R 79.53 R 80.25 R 75.21 R 79.15 R 80.07 R 78.61

 May ........................ R 73.91 R 69.15 R 66.52 R 68.71 R 76.90 R 78.15 W R 68.42 R 76.65 R 73.84 R 70.16

 June ....................... W 68.47 69.78 68.05 77.97 76.49 76.25 68.35 75.25 73.39 70.11

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia). c See "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)" in Glossary. 

On this table, "Total OPEC" for all years includes Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,

Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela; for 1973-2008,

also includes Indonesia; for 1973-1992 and again beginning in 2008, also includes

Ecuador (although Ecuador rejoined OPEC in November 2007, on this table

Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC" for 2007); for 1974-1995, also includes

Gabon (although Gabon was a member of OPEC for only 1975-1994); and

beginning in 2007, also includes Angola. Data for all countries not included in

"Total OPEC" are included in "Total Non-OPEC." d Based on October, November, and December data only.

R=Revised. – =No data reported. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

individual company data.

Notes: • See "Landed Costs" in Glossary, and Note 4, "Crude Oil Landed

Costs," at end of section. • Values for the current two months are preliminary. •

Prices through 1980 reflect the period of reporting; prices since then reflect the

period of loading. • Annual averages are averages of the monthly prices, including

prices not published, weighted by volume. • Cargoes that are purchased on a

"netback" basis, or under similar contractual arrangements whereby the actual

purchase price is not established at the time the crude oil is acquired for importation

into the United States, are not included in the published data until the actual prices

have been determined and reported. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States

and the District of Columbia. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • October 1973-September 1977: Federal Energy Administration,

Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1977-December 1977:

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer

Pricing Report." • 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 22. 

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010, Table 22.
120 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 9.4 Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average

 (Centsa per Gallon, Including Taxes)

Leaded

Regular

Unleaded

Regular

Unleaded

Premiumb All Typesc

1973 Average .................................. 38.8 NA NA NA

1975 Average .................................. 56.7 NA NA NA

1980 Average .................................. 119.1 124.5 NA 122.1

1985 Average .................................. 111.5 120.2 134.0 119.6

1990 Average .................................. 114.9 116.4 134.9 121.7

1995 Average .................................. NA 114.7 133.6 120.5

1996 Average .................................. NA 123.1 141.3 128.8

1997 Average .................................. NA 123.4 141.6 129.1

1998 Average .................................. NA 105.9 125.0 111.5

1999 Average .................................. NA 116.5 135.7 122.1

2000 Average .................................. NA 151.0 169.3 156.3

2001 Average .................................. NA 146.1 165.7 153.1

2002 Average .................................. NA 135.8 155.6 144.1

2003 Average .................................. NA 159.1 177.7 163.8

2004 Average .................................. NA 188.0 206.8 192.3

2005 Average .................................. NA 229.5 249.1 233.8

2006 Average .................................. NA 258.9 280.5 263.5

2007 Average .................................. NA 280.1 303.3 284.9

2008 January .................................... NA 304.7 329.1 309.6

 February .................................. NA 303.3 327.2 308.3

 March ....................................... NA 325.8 350.2 330.7

 April ......................................... NA 344.1 369.0 349.1

 May .......................................... NA 376.4 400.3 381.3

 June ......................................... NA 406.5 431.9 411.5

 July .......................................... NA 409.0 435.0 414.2

 August ..................................... NA 378.6 404.5 383.8

 September ............................... NA 369.8 394.0 374.9

 October .................................... NA 317.3 343.2 322.5

 November ................................ NA 215.1 243.3 220.8

 December ................................ NA 168.9 195.1 174.2

 Average .................................. NA 326.6 351.9 331.7

2009 January .................................... NA 178.7 203.6 183.8

 February .................................. NA 192.8 218.2 197.9

 March ....................................... NA 194.9 219.7 200.0

 April ......................................... NA 205.6 230.9 210.7

 May .......................................... NA 226.5 251.1 231.4

 June ......................................... NA 263.1 288.3 268.1

 July .......................................... NA 254.3 280.6 259.4

 August ..................................... NA 262.7 288.7 267.7

 September ............................... NA 257.4 284.5 262.6

 October .................................... NA 256.1 282.6 261.3

 November ................................ NA 266.0 291.7 270.9

 December ................................ NA 262.1 288.2 267.1

 Average .................................. NA 235.0 260.7 240.1

2010 January .................................... NA 273.1 298.7 277.9

 February .................................. NA 265.9 292.2 270.9

 March ....................................... NA 278.0 303.5 282.9

 April ......................................... NA 285.8 311.3 290.6

 May .......................................... NA 286.9 312.4 291.5

 June ......................................... NA 273.6 300.0 278.3

 July .......................................... NA 273.6 299.7 278.3

 August ..................................... NA 274.5 301.5 279.5

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. b The 1981 average (available in Web file) is based on September through

December data only.

c Also includes types of motor gasoline not shown separately.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section. • In

September 1981, the Bureau of Labor Statistics changed the weights used in the

calculation of average motor gasoline prices. From September 1981 forward,

gasohol is included in the average for all types, and unleaded premium is weighted

more heavily. • Geographic coverage for 1973-1977 is 56 urban areas.

Geographic coverage for 1978 forward is 85 urban areas.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Monthly Data: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor

Statistics, Consumer Prices: Energy. • Annual Data: 1973—Platt’s Oil Price

Handbook and Oilmanac, 1974, 51st Edition. 1974 forward—calculated by the

U.S. Energy Information Administration as the simple averages of monthly data.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 121

Table 9.5 Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil

 (Centsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Residual Fuel Oil

Sulfur Content Less

Than or Equal to 1 Percent

Residual Fuel Oil

Sulfur Content

Greater Than 1 Percent Average

Sales for

Resale

Sales to 

End Users

Sales for

Resale

Sales to 

End Users

Sales for

Resale

Sales to 

End Users

1978 Average ...................... 29.3 31.4 24.5 27.5 26.3 29.8

1980 Average ...................... 60.8 67.5 47.9 52.3 52.8 60.7

1985 Average ...................... 61.0 64.4 56.0 58.2 57.7 61.0

1990 Average ...................... 47.2 50.5 37.2 40.0 41.3 44.4

1995 Average ...................... 38.3 43.6 33.8 37.7 36.3 39.2

1996 Average ...................... 45.6 52.6 38.9 43.3 42.0 45.5

1997 Average ...................... 41.5 48.8 36.6 40.3 38.7 42.3

1998 Average ...................... 29.9 35.4 26.9 28.7 28.0 30.5

1999 Average ...................... 38.2 40.5 32.9 36.2 35.4 37.4

2000 Average ...................... 62.7 70.8 51.2 56.6 56.6 60.2

2001 Average ...................... 52.3 64.2 42.8 49.2 47.6 53.1

2002 Average ...................... 54.6 64.0 50.8 54.4 53.0 56.9

2003 Average ...................... 72.8 80.4 58.8 65.1 66.1 69.8

2004 Average ...................... 76.4 83.5 60.1 69.2 68.1 73.9

2005 Average ...................... 111.5 116.8 84.2 97.4 97.1 104.8

2006 Average ...................... 120.2 134.2 108.5 117.3 113.6 121.8

2007 Average ...................... 140.6 143.6 131.4 135.0 135.0 137.4

2008 January ........................ 199.7 203.9 166.2 178.3 176.4 185.9

 February ...................... 187.0 200.4 162.5 172.0 171.4 180.2

 March ........................... 195.6 204.8 171.7 188.1 176.9 193.4

 April ............................. 213.9 222.1 182.2 190.4 188.0 198.3

 May .............................. 232.2 234.9 198.9 206.9 204.2 213.2

 June ............................. 257.8 265.8 218.1 233.3 227.4 243.4

 July .............................. 283.3 294.5 254.2 265.7 263.6 272.4

 August ......................... 254.6 300.5 244.5 255.4 248.6 269.4

 September ................... 217.5 266.6 218.0 230.0 217.9 241.2

 October ........................ 157.4 216.6 160.3 175.9 159.2 185.9

 November .................... 103.6 165.4 97.1 105.5 100.4 122.5

 December .................... 101.0 121.1 78.4 87.7 87.6 102.1

 Average ...................... 191.8 214.4 184.3 188.9 186.6 196.4

2009 January ........................ 103.5 116.4 86.1 95.3 92.6 104.9

 February ...................... 101.1 120.0 91.8 97.4 95.4 106.8

 March ........................... 101.9 118.3 91.7 95.2 95.2 103.0

 April ............................. 107.7 117.4 99.2 102.7 101.7 106.6

 May .............................. 120.5 121.3 119.1 124.5 119.5 123.4

 June ............................. 140.1 144.0 137.3 145.1 138.1 144.7

 July .............................. 141.7 148.8 140.0 136.9 140.5 140.4

 August ......................... 158.4 164.1 156.7 148.8 157.2 153.6

 September ................... 153.1 168.9 155.6 149.1 154.9 154.0

 October ........................ 161.9 171.7 154.9 150.1 156.0 155.2

 November .................... 174.3 173.9 170.0 160.2 171.1 164.2

 December .................... 172.3 181.3 167.3 161.4 168.5 167.4

 Average ...................... 133.7 141.3 134.4 130.6 134.2 134.1

2010 January ........................ 176.7 185.2 170.5 166.0 172.1 172.5

 February ...................... 172.5 186.2 165.0 157.4 166.6 168.1

 March ........................... 173.9 186.2 170.0 160.9 171.1 169.2

 April ............................. 182.7 188.7 172.5 165.5 174.8 171.8

 May .............................. 167.5 189.8 167.5 160.1 167.5 168.6

 June ............................. 163.6 187.0 160.4 153.9 161.4 162.5

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.

Notes: • Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,

including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and

commercial consumers. • Values for the current month are preliminary. • Prices

prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note

6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section. • Geographic coverage is the

50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1978.

Sources: • 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 16.

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010, Table 16.
122 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 9.6 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products for Resale

 (Centsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Finished

Motor

Gasolineb

Finished

Aviation

Gasoline

KeroseneType

Jet Fuel Kerosene

No. 2

Fuel

Oil

No. 2

Diesel

Fuel

Propane

(Consumer

Grade)

1978 Average ...................... 43.4 53.7 38.6 40.4 36.9 36.5 23.7

1980 Average ...................... 94.1 112.8 86.8 86.4 80.3 80.1 41.5

1985 Average ...................... 83.5 113.0 79.4 87.4 77.6 77.2 39.8

1990 Average ...................... 78.6 106.3 77.3 83.9 69.7 69.4 38.6

1995 Average ...................... 62.6 97.5 53.9 58.0 51.1 53.8 34.4

1996 Average ...................... 71.3 105.5 64.6 71.4 63.9 65.9 46.1

1997 Average ...................... 70.0 106.5 61.3 65.3 59.0 60.6 41.6

1998 Average ...................... 52.6 91.2 45.0 46.5 42.2 44.4 28.8

1999 Average ...................... 64.5 100.7 53.3 55.0 49.3 54.6 34.2

2000 Average ...................... 96.3 133.0 88.0 96.9 88.6 89.8 59.5

2001 Average ...................... 88.6 125.6 76.3 82.1 75.6 78.4 54.0

2002 Average ...................... 82.8 114.6 71.6 75.2 69.4 72.4 43.1

2003 Average ...................... 100.2 128.8 87.1 95.5 88.1 88.3 60.7

2004 Average ...................... 128.8 162.7 120.8 127.1 112.5 118.7 75.1

2005 Average ...................... 167.0 207.6 172.3 175.7 162.3 173.7 93.3

2006 Average ...................... 196.9 249.0 196.1 200.7 183.4 201.2 103.1

2007 Average ...................... 218.2 275.8 217.1 224.9 207.2 220.3 119.4

2008 January ........................ 239.5 296.9 266.5 283.2 256.4 258.0 151.9

 February ...................... 243.6 300.7 267.4 284.2 260.7 273.8 146.9

 March ........................... 264.0 326.3 310.6 328.1 297.7 315.8 149.5

 April ............................. 286.1 346.8 331.5 354.3 319.5 335.6 157.1

 May .............................. 317.2 375.1 364.2 376.7 353.6 371.2 167.5

 June ............................. 341.6 401.8 391.2 397.3 376.1 385.9 176.1

 July .............................. 334.7 394.6 397.8 398.0 380.2 387.6 183.3

 August ......................... 307.8 373.7 339.3 345.6 328.7 333.8 166.7

 September ................... 300.0 370.5 327.8 336.5 300.3 316.0 156.5

 October ........................ 214.9 279.0 256.9 268.1 240.0 251.4 124.2

 November .................... 139.3 214.0 197.4 228.8 194.7 195.5 100.5

 December .................... 106.1 179.9 147.0 171.5 157.9 146.9 91.6

 Average ...................... 258.6 334.2 302.0 285.1 274.5 299.4 143.7

2009 January ........................ 124.6 185.1 147.2 181.0 154.8 148.0 97.4

 February ...................... 133.3 204.0 135.2 160.7 142.7 132.6 89.0

 March ........................... 139.7 203.1 126.6 145.6 135.8 131.5 80.5

 April ............................. 148.2 222.5 142.5 148.0 139.7 145.6 71.9

 May .............................. 176.3 247.8 146.0 154.0 146.8 153.1 72.8

 June ............................. 202.2 274.3 178.0 184.9 174.4 182.8 83.8

 July .............................. 186.7 254.8 175.9 177.3 165.8 174.5 76.0

 August ......................... 202.6 275.9 189.4 195.1 180.4 193.7 83.7

 September ................... 191.5 259.2 182.2 185.7 177.4 184.8 92.3

 October ........................ 197.5 261.1 191.7 205.3 191.8 197.8 100.4

 November .................... 203.9 270.1 206.0 206.7 200.4 203.7 108.8

 December .................... 199.9 265.5 201.2 214.8 198.9 199.7 117.8

 Average ...................... 176.7 248.0 171.9 184.4 165.7 171.3 92.1

2010 January ........................ 209.7 275.9 212.1 228.2 207.5 207.8 133.2

 February ...................... 203.3 266.2 199.9 221.6 198.6 202.5 132.4

 March ........................... 219.7 290.6 212.9 221.9 210.0 216.3 117.9

 April ............................. 226.5 299.9 224.7 228.1 221.4 231.2 114.4

 May .............................. R 215.2 294.5 R 218.6 211.0 R 212.9 R 217.7 109.8

 June ............................. 211.3 283.3 209.4 210.3 203.7 212.0 104.8

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.

R=Revised. 

Notes: • Sales for resale are those made to purchasers other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are shown in Table 9.7; they are sales made

directly to ultimate consumers, including bulk consumers (such as agriculture,

industry, and electric utilities) and residential and commercial consumers. • Values

for the current month are preliminary. • Prices prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum

Prices," at end of section. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District

of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1978.

Sources: • 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 4.

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010, Table 4.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 123

Table 9.7 Refiner Prices of Petroleum Products to End Users

 (Centsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Finished

Motor

Gasolineb

Finished

Aviation

Gasoline

KeroseneType

Jet Fuel Kerosene

No. 2

Fuel

Oil

No. 2

Diesel

Fuel

Propane

(Consumer

Grade)

1978 Average ...................... 48.4 51.6 38.7 42.1 40.0 37.7 33.5

1980 Average ...................... 103.5 108.4 86.8 90.2 78.8 81.8 48.2

1985 Average ...................... 91.2 120.1 79.6 103.0 84.9 78.9 71.7

1990 Average ...................... 88.3 112.0 76.6 92.3 73.4 72.5 74.5

1995 Average ...................... 76.5 100.5 54.0 58.9 56.2 56.0 49.2

1996 Average ...................... 84.7 111.6 65.1 74.0 67.3 68.1 60.5

1997 Average ...................... 83.9 112.8 61.3 74.5 63.6 64.2 55.2

1998 Average ...................... 67.3 97.5 45.2 50.1 48.2 49.4 40.5

1999 Average ...................... 78.1 105.9 54.3 60.5 55.8 58.4 45.8

2000 Average ...................... 110.6 130.6 89.9 112.3 92.7 93.5 60.3

2001 Average ...................... 103.2 132.3 77.5 104.5 82.9 84.2 50.6

2002 Average ...................... 94.7 128.8 72.1 99.0 73.7 76.2 41.9

2003 Average ...................... 115.6 149.3 87.2 122.4 93.3 94.4 57.7

2004 Average ...................... 143.5 181.9 120.7 116.0 117.3 124.3 83.9

2005 Average ...................... 182.9 223.1 173.5 195.7 170.5 178.6 108.9

2006 Average ...................... 212.8 268.2 199.8 224.4 198.2 209.6 135.8

2007 Average ...................... 234.5 284.9 216.5 226.3 224.1 226.7 148.9

2008 January ........................ 257.1 298.7 268.5 338.1 279.0 269.2 220.6

 February ...................... 256.6 295.4 269.3 340.4 288.8 280.5 NA

 March ........................... 278.3 329.6 312.0 359.2 323.2 325.2 186.5

 April ............................. 298.4 335.8 333.4 377.4 340.5 345.1 NA

 May .............................. 331.6 361.5 366.1 395.0 375.3 380.8 185.3

 June ............................. 358.0 396.5 393.3 415.9 391.4 400.4 192.8

 July .............................. 356.8 392.9 400.8 439.3 393.9 402.1 205.5

 August ......................... 327.9 379.2 342.5 405.5 339.9 357.6 190.6

 September ................... 320.7 383.7 326.6 401.3 327.5 332.0 201.5

 October ........................ 253.7 297.5 260.3 299.3 269.0 278.1 176.3

 November .................... 161.7 223.0 198.8 308.5 229.3 213.9 165.2

 December .................... 121.9 181.4 151.8 282.3 192.6 169.0 166.4

 Average ...................... 277.5 327.3 305.2 328.3 298.6 315.0 189.2

2009 January ........................ 135.8 185.7 148.3 262.6 202.6 163.0 186.1

 February ...................... 146.8 197.4 136.0 262.7 187.9 149.5 150.5

 March ........................... 150.3 197.7 128.1 256.5 177.2 145.0 116.6

 April ............................. 160.1 215.0 145.8 254.0 176.5 158.9 106.5

 May .............................. 185.6 242.3 148.6 249.7 169.7 164.0 88.9

 June ............................. 218.7 270.7 181.8 249.0 193.9 194.5 100.8

 July .............................. 206.7 260.7 177.4 246.2 187.1 189.7 89.1

 August ......................... 215.7 276.4 192.2 254.5 204.1 203.2 102.9

 September ................... 208.6 268.4 183.4 NA 197.2 198.0 107.5

 October ........................ 210.4 269.3 193.0 273.8 216.3 208.2 122.9

 November .................... 217.3 284.5 206.4 287.5 222.7 215.5 132.3

 December .................... 214.4 279.9 201.6 289.4 219.7 211.7 151.7

 Average ...................... 188.8 244.2 170.4 267.5 196.2 183.4 122.0

2010 January ........................ 224.0 291.4 212.9 298.6 236.9 219.2 191.3

 February ...................... 217.3 285.5 201.8 297.4 231.0 214.4 200.9

 March ........................... 230.1 310.3 214.4 297.8 242.5 226.5 NA

 April ............................. 237.0 320.1 227.2 304.0 252.7 241.0 132.6

 May .............................. 235.3 312.9 219.9 293.8 248.7 R 234.3 126.4

 June ............................. 224.8 298.1 210.5 296.5 239.3 228.7 120.4

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. b See Note 5, "Motor Gasoline Prices," at end of section.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Sales to end users are those made directly to ultimate consumers,

including bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities) and

residential and commercial consumers. Sales for resale are shown in Table 9.6;

they are sales made to purchasers other than ultimate consumers. • Values for

the current month are preliminary. • Prices prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note 6, "Historical Petroleum

Prices," at end of section. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District

of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1978.

Sources: • 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 2.

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010, Table 2.
124 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 9.8a No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences: Northeastern States

 (Centsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Maine

New

Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts

Rhode

Island Connecticut

New

York

New

Jersey Pennsylvania

1978 Average .............. 48.6 50.3 50.8 48.8 50.7 50.1 50.1 49.6 48.8

1980 Average .............. 96.3 100.4 101.5 97.8 101.1 98.3 98.2 97.9 96.4

1985 Average .............. 99.7 102.4 107.7 107.0 106.7 108.0 111.3 105.9 102.3

1990 Average .............. 98.9 102.8 107.0 108.4 108.6 109.8 112.5 108.7 102.6

1995 Average .............. 78.7 77.9 85.3 84.4 87.4 86.4 95.5 88.8 82.6

1996 Average .............. 97.2 94.0 96.9 97.6 98.6 98.6 106.3 102.4 95.3

1997 Average .............. 94.2 94.2 98.7 96.0 98.9 96.3 106.5 103.3 95.0

1998 Average .............. 78.8 78.8 87.3 81.8 86.8 83.1 94.8 89.2 81.4

1999 Average .............. 81.3 77.0 85.4 83.6 85.8 85.2 96.9 91.3 81.5

2000 Average .............. 129.7 128.1 125.5 127.3 125.9 129.1 144.2 140.4 122.4

2001 Average .............. 121.7 125.6 126.1 122.1 123.6 123.9 136.3 131.4 115.9

2002 Average .............. 112.9 111.9 117.2 114.1 112.4 111.8 121.8 122.0 106.4

2003 Average .............. 131.4 131.2 130.9 138.6 134.4 135.5 143.6 148.9 130.4

2004 Average .............. 151.1 149.7 150.5 155.9 151.1 151.8 162.7 166.2 148.9

2005 Average .............. 198.6 197.2 198.7 206.4 200.0 201.2 210.5 216.6 197.4

2006 Average .............. 229.4 228.3 240.8 235.5 236.0 235.7 245.8 246.7 228.6

2007 Average .............. 254.0 253.5 267.9 257.6 260.2 261.5 267.4 266.4 250.8

2008 January ................ 304.6 305.1 309.5 313.6 317.3 309.1 321.8 332.5 305.7

 February .............. 305.0 305.0 310.5 319.3 320.2 312.3 325.8 335.1 309.7

 March ................... 330.9 331.1 337.1 352.5 349.5 336.2 352.1 369.0 340.3

 April ..................... 349.0 347.4 357.5 370.1 366.2 349.4 364.9 385.5 355.3

 May ...................... 376.3 384.3 391.3 397.7 392.7 380.6 393.4 413.5 385.1

 June ..................... 419.7 425.7 425.2 429.3 417.6 411.3 416.4 447.2 416.4

 July ...................... 429.0 442.7 448.4 435.9 428.7 419.4 428.9 455.4 432.6

 August ................. 395.7 404.8 417.6 389.2 384.2 NA 388.9 402.3 NA

 September ........... 375.7 376.8 393.9 362.8 357.5 368.1 371.8 376.1 357.3

 October ................ 322.8 331.8 350.2 306.7 300.0 319.9 329.5 319.8 310.3

 November ............ 279.5 285.7 313.7 264.6 273.5 288.6 296.2 272.7 275.7

 December ............ 251.3 255.9 280.2 233.9 240.8 261.3 258.9 238.1 244.9

 Average .............. 319.9 320.7 332.3 319.7 321.0 319.5 329.3 326.7 315.7

2009 January ................ 250.6 253.7 277.4 235.6 234.6 257.6 254.3 238.9 242.7

 February .............. 240.4 242.6 269.3 222.6 220.9 242.9 244.7 228.8 226.8

 March ................... 223.7 228.3 254.5 216.6 212.7 236.2 233.4 216.6 220.2

 April ..................... 225.0 224.6 243.7 219.2 214.3 231.4 233.8 218.7 217.7

 May ...................... 217.5 215.1 237.0 214.2 216.9 222.5 230.0 218.7 219.0

 June ..................... 229.5 220.1 237.6 237.1 238.5 241.3 242.8 238.1 221.1

 July ...................... 226.8 207.7 232.4 231.2 228.5 235.4 229.1 232.2 213.7

 August ................. 235.0 224.3 237.8 243.2 245.4 249.0 252.3 245.4 225.7

 September ........... 233.3 227.2 240.3 238.6 235.7 234.9 245.5 243.7 219.6

 October ................ 239.1 237.3 248.4 247.0 253.7 251.6 257.4 254.1 231.5

 November ............ 246.1 248.4 260.4 261.9 268.5 264.5 274.7 271.0 252.0

 December ............ 248.6 252.3 264.0 263.4 271.8 266.5 273.3 273.1 253.6

 Average .............. 238.2 237.7 259.3 235.8 237.6 248.7 250.4 240.4 233.0

2010 January ................ 258.3 261.1 275.3 276.2 285.6 276.4 289.3 292.8 269.2

 February .............. 253.6 260.0 270.5 272.9 277.7 273.0 284.5 287.1 269.7

 March ................... 256.0 263.2 274.7 279.5 280.0 275.8 280.1 292.9 275.5

 April ..................... 256.5 265.1 277.1 286.8 295.9 281.5 284.5 294.6 275.2

 May ...................... R 251.1 R 263.6 R 271.0 R 281.1 R 292.1 R 273.6 R 278.1 R 287.3 R 268.0

 June ..................... 248.4 257.4 264.9 272.2 282.2 270.6 269.1 278.4 256.4

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • States are grouped in Tables 9.8a, 9.8b, and 9.8c by geographic

region of the country. • Values for the current month are preliminary. • Prices

prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note

6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1978.

Sources: • 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 15.

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010, Table 15.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 125

Table 9.8b No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences: Selected South Atlantic 

 and Midwestern States (Centsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Delaware

District

of

Columbia Maryland Virginia

West

Virginia Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota

1978 Average .............. 47.8 50.7 49.2 49.1 46.2 47.4 47.9 48.5 46.5 44.7 47.8

1980 Average .............. 95.4 102.6 97.9 98.5 92.2 91.9 97.8 99.6 95.8 91.5 99.9

1985 Average .............. 104.6 114.3 108.8 106.3 98.0 99.7 102.1 99.1 97.5 98.3 101.9

1990 Average .............. 105.8 107.8 111.9 110.6 99.1 98.1 100.9 99.3 96.1 94.2 101.4

1995 Average .............. 87.0 101.0 93.6 84.4 81.5 80.8 86.0 81.6 78.5 81.2 80.1

1996 Average .............. 98.4 117.8 106.3 95.2 96.0 92.1 97.7 91.2 89.3 89.9 90.9

1997 Average .............. 98.4 117.4 105.7 94.8 96.2 91.3 94.2 86.5 87.0 93.3 89.9

1998 Average .............. 85.8 102.2 90.2 85.6 81.8 76.7 80.4 74.8 73.5 80.1 73.8

1999 Average .............. 88.4 101.1 90.7 87.0 78.9 82.0 88.3 79.3 71.6 84.7 77.4

2000 Average .............. 127.0 W 135.1 126.9 125.1 122.0 NA 120.7 109.5 117.1 115.6

2001 Average .............. 123.4 143.1 134.2 120.2 113.9 116.0 NA 113.3 112.1 118.0 112.2

2002 Average .............. 116.4 W 120.1 105.7 105.4 105.8 110.9 102.5 97.5 107.3 105.1

2003 Average .............. 143.3 W 145.5 131.1 130.4 128.4 132.1 120.2 119.8 126.9 121.8

2004 Average .............. 157.0 W 163.2 146.2 149.3 147.5 153.9 153.7 140.5 146.5 143.3

2005 Average .............. 207.5 W 212.7 204.4 204.3 200.9 205.3 201.7 202.1 199.3 198.7

2006 Average .............. 238.1 W 239.8 226.8 226.1 224.4 232.9 231.7 231.2 229.7 226.8

2007 Average .............. 258.4 W 266.8 240.7 247.8 249.4 258.8 255.7 252.8 257.1 258.7

2008 January ................ 322.8 W 326.4 306.4 311.5 304.6 304.6 306.3 300.5 303.9 297.1

 February .............. 326.0 W 331.1 314.8 316.3 318.4 316.9 312.3 310.0 311.4 311.1

 March ................... 354.8 W 354.5 340.6 347.9 354.8 359.1 345.3 357.4 351.2 352.8

 April ..................... 362.6 W 367.2 352.8 363.9 372.6 370.2 364.3 368.5 365.7 371.3

 May ...................... 390.3 W 402.9 384.8 391.6 407.6 400.0 409.1 405.0 395.6 399.7

 June ..................... 423.1 W 424.6 412.6 425.2 417.5 421.4 427.4 NA NA 417.1

 July ...................... 434.5 W 441.4 412.3 430.6 414.7 417.8 426.4 401.1 399.3 416.3

 August ................. 389.8 W 408.7 376.4 386.3 379.4 373.8 379.7 NA 366.6 379.4

 September ........... 362.4 W 382.8 355.8 356.6 367.0 365.2 368.8 360.0 360.1 365.8

 October ................ 314.8 W 329.7 315.8 316.2 301.9 307.9 309.8 303.9 308.6 309.8

 November ............ 267.7 W 289.4 266.8 268.8 250.9 248.5 252.6 251.4 252.0 258.2

 December ............ 244.1 W 255.0 235.0 233.3 208.1 207.9 211.8 212.9 211.1 207.2

 Average .............. 318.7 W 327.3 312.4 322.1 314.7 306.7 310.5 315.2 308.8 306.5

2009 January ................ 242.8 W 247.0 222.5 232.9 204.1 199.1 206.2 206.9 200.4 197.4

 February .............. 231.0 W 240.7 214.5 218.8 188.8 186.6 191.2 186.9 185.4 181.3

 March ................... 225.3 W 227.5 199.9 204.2 182.6 180.6 182.2 183.6 178.1 173.5

 April ..................... 226.7 W 226.3 NA 203.5 191.7 181.0 192.2 198.3 187.0 189.0

 May ...................... 225.3 W 222.4 182.4 200.8 194.1 180.7 197.2 NA 197.5 187.2

 June ..................... 228.9 W 232.0 203.7 211.9 218.0 209.5 217.6 206.0 220.0 215.6

 July ...................... 225.3 W 230.7 205.5 212.2 210.3 196.4 218.1 NA 216.6 209.2

 August ................. 234.0 W 239.7 214.0 221.7 227.9 215.3 232.1 214.7 228.4 229.7

 September ........... 230.9 W 239.6 211.8 225.3 220.5 217.9 231.8 NA 226.2 223.2

 October ................ 250.5 W 256.1 232.2 239.7 236.4 233.6 239.1 238.6 233.1 230.1

 November ............ 268.3 W 270.7 240.8 250.4 247.9 248.5 252.0 248.3 242.1 238.8

 December ............ 272.4 W 276.3 249.5 249.6 249.3 244.7 250.7 242.7 239.5 239.4

 Average .............. 242.1 W 247.3 219.3 226.5 213.0 209.6 218.9 215.5 210.5 212.4

2010 January ................ 287.8 W 286.1 259.4 268.1 257.2 252.6 256.5 252.6 246.6 250.5

 February .............. 285.7 W 283.3 256.1 271.4 253.3 250.1 251.0 251.6 242.1 W

 March ................... 298.8 W 289.4 258.7 271.2 258.5 264.0 261.4 266.0 253.7 258.0

 April ..................... NA W 285.8 NA 267.6 256.6 273.1 267.9 277.7 264.0 266.8

 May ...................... R 285.3 W 280.8 R 243.5 R 258.3 R 257.4 R 266.9 NA R 278.3 256.7 R 258.1

 June ..................... 268.0 W 270.7 235.6 250.1 244.6 250.7 236.5 270.8 247.7 252.3

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

individual company data.

Notes: • States are grouped in Tables 9.8a, 9.8b, and 9.8c by geographic

region of the country. • Values for the current month are preliminary. • Prices

prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note

6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1978.

Sources: • 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 15.

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010, Table 15.
126 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 9.8c No. 2 Distillate Prices to Residences: Selected Western States 

 and U.S. Average (Centsa per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Idaho Washington Oregon Alaska

U.S.

Average

1978 Average .................... 43.6 48.6 45.8 53.2 49.0

1980 Average .................... 91.6 100.8 97.3 97.8 97.4

1985 Average .................... 97.2 101.1 97.1 108.3 105.3

1990 Average .................... 97.4 102.9 97.0 110.1 106.3

1995 Average .................... 83.9 96.2 89.4 83.4 86.7

1996 Average .................... 93.3 108.0 98.9 90.9 98.9

1997 Average .................... 95.3 113.9 103.1 97.3 98.4

1998 Average .................... 78.4 97.8 86.1 85.2 85.2

1999 Average .................... 76.2 106.5 93.8 96.6 87.6

2000 Average .................... 117.0 144.5 136.8 133.7 131.1

2001 Average .................... 103.8 133.6 121.1 137.7 125.0

2002 Average .................... 91.9 120.4 106.0 108.7 112.9

2003 Average .................... 118.8 148.7 130.3 124.3 135.5

2004 Average .................... 149.5 174.9 159.4 152.4 154.8

2005 Average .................... 212.3 238.5 214.6 206.1 205.2

2006 Average .................... 239.1 268.1 241.1 239.5 236.5

2007 Average .................... 259.8 290.9 250.0 251.8 259.2

2008 January ...................... 296.0 329.1 299.3 301.3 313.8

 February .................... 305.7 339.8 311.5 308.4 318.1

 March ......................... 348.7 382.3 349.5 337.7 347.5

 April ........................... 375.5 404.3 374.0 365.8 362.6

 May ............................ 399.8 432.0 399.1 399.9 392.1

 June ........................... 417.8 454.5 423.7 430.9 420.4

 July ............................ 421.6 452.5 429.3 446.5 429.6

 August ....................... 384.4 412.4 383.6 422.1 386.6

 September ................. 358.2 382.4 355.2 389.7 366.7

 October ...................... 312.7 327.9 300.7 NA 316.9

 November .................. 245.0 284.1 240.2 262.2 277.9

 December .................. 187.8 228.4 190.2 222.6 245.0

 Average .................... 307.8 340.1 306.0 348.5 321.9

2009 January ...................... 187.9 238.8 193.9 216.0 242.6

 February .................... 176.2 225.3 181.9 NA 230.9

 March ......................... 167.4 212.4 172.7 194.6 221.0

 April ........................... 186.3 241.4 198.6 214.0 221.1

 May ............................ 187.8 247.3 205.0 225.6 216.7

 June ........................... 214.8 254.4 227.8 250.6 230.7

 July ............................ 212.3 233.5 214.9 236.2 221.9

 August ....................... 215.8 248.9 232.6 255.4 236.9

 September ................. 227.3 265.8 235.7 NA 233.4

 October ...................... 233.3 273.7 246.9 NA 245.8

 November .................. 245.9 287.1 255.1 NA 260.8

 December .................. 235.4 283.0 247.5 NA 262.8

 Average .................... 204.8 249.1 213.2 250.3 238.6

2010 January ...................... 239.2 291.8 258.3 NA 276.3

 February .................... 241.2 281.7 253.6 279.0 265.8

 March ......................... 256.9 292.4 266.4 288.4 275.7

 April ........................... 274.7 310.5 281.7 296.5 278.7

 May ............................ R 267.5 R 305.3 268.5 R 295.8 R 272.3

 June ........................... R 260.4 R 289.0 R 264.3 R 290.3 R 262.9

 July ............................ NA NA NA NA E 258.8

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate. 

Notes: • States are grouped in Tables 9.8a, 9.8b, and 9.8c by geographic

region of the country. • Values for the current month are preliminary. • Prices

prior to 1983 are U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. See Note

6, "Historical Petroleum Prices," at end of section. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1978.

Sources: • 1978-2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 15.

• 2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010, Table 15.
Figure 9.2 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

(Centsa per Kilowatthour)

By Sector, 1973-2009 By Sector, Monthly

Figure 9.3 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

 (Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes )

Costs, 1973-2009 Costs, Monthly

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 127

Residential

Transportation

a

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Price” in Glossary.

b

Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to

public authorities, agricultural and irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.

Note: Includes taxes. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html.

Source: Table 9.9.

a

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in

Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html.

Source: Table 9.10.

Transportation

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Commercial

Residential Commercial

Otherb

Industrial

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2008 2009 2010

Industrial

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5

10

15

20

Residual Fuel Oil

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

5

10

15

20

Natural Gas

Coal Coal

Residual Fuel Oil

Natural Gas

2008 2009 2010
128 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 9.9 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

 (Centsa per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)

Residential Commercialb Industrialc Transportationd Othere Total

1973 Average ...................... 2.5 2.4 1.3 NA 2.1 2.0 

1975 Average ...................... 3.5 3.5 2.1 NA 3.1 2.9 

1980 Average ...................... 5.4 5.5 3.7 NA 4.8 4.7 

1985 Average ...................... 7.39 7.27 4.97 NA 6.09 6.44

1990 Average ...................... 7.83 7.34 4.74 NA 6.40 6.57

1995 Average ...................... 8.40 7.69 4.66 NA 6.88 6.89

1996 Average ...................... 8.36 7.64 4.60 NA 6.91 6.86

1997 Average ...................... 8.43 7.59 4.53 NA 6.91 6.85

1998 Average ...................... 8.26 7.41 4.48 NA 6.63 6.74

1999 Average ...................... 8.16 7.26 4.43 NA 6.35 6.64

2000 Average ...................... 8.24 7.43 4.64 NA 6.56 6.81

2001 Average ...................... 8.58 7.92 5.05 NA 7.20 7.29

2002 Average ...................... 8.44 7.89 4.88 NA 6.75 7.20

2003 Average ...................... 8.72 8.03 5.11 7.54 – – 7.44

2004 Average ...................... 8.95 8.17 5.25 7.18 – – 7.61

2005 Average ...................... 9.45 8.67 5.73 8.57 – – 8.14

2006 Average ...................... 10.40 9.46 6.16 9.54 – – 8.90

2007 Average ...................... 10.65 9.65 6.39 9.70 – – 9.13

2008 January ........................ 10.15 9.51 6.21 9.34 – – 8.92

 February ...................... 10.19 9.58 6.22 10.01 – – 8.92

 March ........................... 10.47 9.72 6.32 10.27 – – 9.03

 April ............................. 10.92 9.90 6.49 10.09 – – 9.21

 May .............................. 11.39 10.13 6.64 10.67 – – 9.47

 June ............................. 11.75 10.97 7.21 11.72 – – 10.26

 July .............................. 12.05 11.16 7.62 11.89 – – 10.65

 August ......................... 12.06 11.17 7.39 12.12 – – 10.58

 September ................... 11.90 10.86 7.16 11.67 – – 10.26

 October ........................ 11.81 10.58 7.04 10.27 – – 9.96

 November .................... 11.43 10.25 6.85 10.21 – – 9.68

 December .................... 10.90 10.06 6.67 10.76 – – 9.57

 Average ...................... 11.26 10.36 6.83 10.74 – – 9.74

2009 January ........................ 10.99 10.03 6.83 11.19 – – 9.72

 February ...................... 11.18 10.17 6.92 10.95 – – 9.80

 March ........................... 11.33 10.07 6.79 11.85 – – 9.72

 April ............................. 11.55 9.97 6.73 11.19 – – 9.65

 May .............................. 11.80 10.08 6.86 11.64 – – 9.83

 June ............................. 11.85 10.51 7.13 11.36 – – 10.21

 July .............................. 11.90 10.63 7.13 11.41 – – 10.37

 August ......................... 12.00 10.60 7.12 11.13 – – 10.36

 September ................... 12.00 10.51 6.95 10.72 – – 10.18

 October ........................ 11.70 10.20 6.67 11.06 – – 9.77

 November .................... 11.33 9.82 6.44 10.58 – – 9.42

 December .................... 10.93 9.73 6.52 11.01 – – 9.44

 Average ...................... 11.55 10.21 6.84 11.17 – – 9.89

2010 January ........................ 10.54 9.58 6.54 10.77 – – 9.35

 February ...................... 10.93 9.89 6.55 10.87 – – 9.52

 March ........................... 11.20 10.03 6.50 11.17 – – 9.56

 April ............................. 11.75 9.97 6.57 11.21 – – 9.59

 May .............................. 11.96 10.19 6.69 10.85 – – 9.80

 June ............................. 11.92 10.46 7.01 11.35 – – 10.19

 6-Month Average ....... 11.32 10.03 6.65 11.03 – – 9.67

2009 6-Month Average ....... 11.42 10.15 6.88 11.36 – – 9.83

2008 6-Month Average ....... 10.78 9.99 6.52 10.32 – – 9.31

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Price" in Glossary. b Commercial sector. For 1973-2002, prices exclude public street and highway

lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. c Industrial sector. For 1973-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation. d Transportation sector, including railroads and railways. e Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to

public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportation including railroads

and railways.

NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. 

Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by

"Transportation," and the categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been

redefined. • Prices are calculated by dividing revenue by sales. Revenue may not

correspond to sales for a particular month because of energy service provider

billing and accounting procedures. That lack of correspondence could result in

uncharacteristic increases or decreases in the monthly prices. • Prices include

State and local taxes, energy or demand charges, customer service charges,

environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other

miscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing

operations. Prices do not include deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments,

such as fuel or revenue from purchased power, from previous reporting periods.

• See Note 7, "Electricity Retail Prices," at end of section for plant coverage, and

for information on preliminary and final values. • Geographic coverage is the 50

States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • 1973-September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-5,

"Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October

1977-February 1980: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form

FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • March

1980-1982: FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement." 

• 1983: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-826, "Electric

Utility Company Monthly Statement." • 1984-1992: EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual

Electric Utility Report." • 1993 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, September

2010, Table 5.3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 129

Table 9.10 Cost of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants

 (Dollarsa per Million Btu, Including Taxes)

Coal

Petroleum

Natural Gase All Fossil Fuels Residual Fuel Oilb Distillate Fuel Oilc Petroleum Coke Totald f

1973 Average .................... 0.41 0.79 NA NA 0.80 0.34 0.48

1975 Average .................... .81 2.01 NA NA 2.02 .75 1.04

1980 Average .................... 1.35 4.27 NA NA 4.35 2.20 1.93

1985 Average .................... 1.65 4.24 NA NA 4.32 3.44 2.09

1990 Average .................... 1.45 3.32 5.38 .80 3.35 2.32 1.69

1995 Average .................... 1.32 2.59 3.99 .65 2.57 1.98 1.45

1996 Average .................... 1.29 3.03 4.87 .78 3.03 2.64 1.52

1997 Average .................... 1.27 2.79 4.49 .91 2.73 2.76 1.52

1998 Average .................... 1.25 2.08 3.30 .71 2.02 2.38 1.44

1999 Average .................... 1.22 2.44 4.03 .65 2.36 2.57 1.44

2000 Average .................... 1.20 4.29 6.65 .58 4.18 4.30 1.74

2001 Average .................... 1.23 3.73 6.30 .78 3.69 4.49 1.73

2002 Averageg ................... 1.25 3.73 5.34 .78 3.34 3.56 1.86

2003 Average .................... 1.28 4.66 6.82 .72 4.33 5.39 2.28

2004 Average .................... 1.36 4.73 8.02 .83 4.29 5.96 2.48

2005 Average .................... 1.54 7.06 11.72 1.11 6.44 8.21 3.25

2006 Average .................... 1.69 7.85 13.28 1.33 6.23 6.94 3.02

2007 Average .................... 1.77 8.64 14.85 1.51 7.17 7.11 3.23

2008 January ...................... 1.88 12.40 19.43 1.62 9.80 8.19 3.73

 February .................... 1.89 12.47 20.16 1.82 10.59 8.58 3.66

 March ......................... 1.93 12.51 21.09 1.82 9.00 9.25 3.83

 April ........................... 1.97 12.76 23.09 1.79 10.56 9.89 4.11

 May ............................ 2.04 13.78 25.99 1.96 11.55 10.73 4.33

 June ........................... 2.08 16.31 26.44 2.01 14.19 12.04 5.45

 July ............................ 2.10 17.83 27.76 1.96 13.78 11.51 5.45

 August ....................... 2.18 17.79 25.04 2.75 13.91 8.79 4.46

 September ................. 2.19 14.79 23.35 2.49 12.01 7.68 3.91

 October ...................... 2.21 14.28 19.53 2.39 10.33 6.69 3.50

 November .................. 2.17 9.50 15.75 2.38 7.64 6.45 3.28

 December .................. 2.16 7.11 12.39 2.30 6.40 6.68 3.37

 Average .................... 2.07 13.62 21.46 2.11 10.87 9.02 4.11

2009 January ...................... 2.23 6.80 11.45 2.06 6.52 6.33 3.39

 February .................... 2.27 6.76 11.08 1.83 6.02 5.39 3.12

 March ......................... 2.28 6.87 10.61 1.66 5.55 4.69 2.96

 April ........................... 2.22 7.63 11.39 1.19 5.80 4.41 2.84

 May ............................ 2.24 7.95 11.91 1.72 6.04 4.43 2.93

 June ........................... 2.22 8.99 13.44 1.58 7.14 4.39 3.00

 July ............................ 2.20 9.96 14.07 1.61 7.40 4.28 3.01

 August ....................... 2.21 10.62 14.72 1.84 7.56 4.10 2.97

 September ................. 2.18 11.65 15.03 1.38 6.64 3.80 2.78

 October ...................... 2.17 11.12 15.49 1.55 7.09 4.78 3.02

 November .................. 2.14 11.17 15.40 1.26 7.80 4.81 2.94

 December .................. 2.15 11.52 15.73 1.58 8.21 5.93 3.38

 Average .................... 2.21 8.71 13.17 1.62 6.79 4.70 3.03

2010 January ...................... 2.22 11.43 15.60 1.85 9.57 6.71 3.72

 February .................... 2.28 11.92 15.54 1.97 9.44 6.05 3.42

 March ......................... 2.31 12.29 16.23 2.26 8.74 5.28 3.14

 April ........................... 2.30 12.94 16.91 2.33 7.72 4.70 3.01

 May ............................ 2.27 11.98 16.37 2.37 9.35 4.78 3.12

 June ........................... 2.26 11.57 15.88 2.27 9.07 5.11 3.36

 6-Month Average ..... 2.27 11.86 15.98 2.18 9.06 5.43 3.30

2009 6-Month Average ..... 2.24 7.36 11.59 1.69 6.23 4.91 3.04

2008 6-Month Average ..... 1.97 13.78 22.81 1.83 11.20 9.88 4.20

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. b For 1973-2001, electric utility data are for heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and

small amounts of fuel oil no. 4).

c For 1973-2001, electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2). d Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other

petroleum, and waste oil. For 1973-1982, data do not include refined motor oil,

bunker oil, and liquefied petroleum gases. For 1973-1989, data do not include

petroleum coke.

e Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. For

1973-2000, data also include a small amount of blast furnace gas and other gases

derived from fossil fuels. f Weighted average of costs shown under "Coal," "Petroleum," and "Natural

Gas." g Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 2002, data also

include independent power producers, and electric generating plants in the

commercial and industrial sectors. See Note 8, "Costs of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at

Electric Generating Plants," at end of section for plant coverage.

NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Receipts are purchases of fuel. • Yearly costs are averages of

monthly values, weighted by quantities in Btu. • Geographic coverage is the 50

States and the District of Columbia. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 9.4 Natural Gas Prices

(Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Selected Prices, 1973-2009

Consuming Sectors, 1973-2009

Consuming Sectors, Monthly

 

130 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Wellhead

City Gate

Residentialb

Commercialb

Industrialb

Electric Power

b

Residentialb

Industrialb

Electric Powerb

a

Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See “Nominal Dollars” in Glossary.

b

Includes taxes.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html.

Source: Table 9.11. 

Transportation

Commercialb

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

5

10

15

20

25

2008 2009 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 131

Table 9.11 Natural Gas Prices

 (Dollarsa per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Wellhead

Price

City

Gate

Price

Consuming Sectorsb

Residential Commercialc Industriald Transportation Electric Powere

Pricef Percentageof Sectorg Pricef Percentageof Sectorg Pricef Percentageof Sectorg Vehicle Fuelh Pricef Pricef Percentageof Sectorg,i

1973 Average .................. 0.22 NA 1.29 NA 0.94 NA 0.50 NA NA 0.38 92.1

1975 Average .................. .44 NA 1.71 NA 1.35 NA .96 NA NA .77 96.1

1980 Average .................. 1.59 NA 3.68 NA 3.39 NA 2.56 NA NA 2.27 96.9

1985 Average .................. 2.51 3.75 6.12 NA 5.50 NA 3.95 68.8 NA 3.55 94.0

1990 Average .................. 1.71 3.03 5.80 99.2 4.83 86.6 2.93 35.2 3.39 2.38 76.8

1995 Average .................. 1.55 2.78 6.06 99.0 5.05 76.7 2.71 24.5 3.98 2.02 71.4

1996 Average .................. 2.17 3.27 6.34 99.0 5.40 77.6 3.42 19.4 4.34 2.69 68.4

1997 Average .................. 2.32 3.66 6.94 98.8 5.80 70.8 3.59 18.1 4.44 2.78 68.0

1998 Average .................. 1.96 3.07 6.82 97.7 5.48 67.0 3.14 16.1 4.59 2.40 63.7

1999 Average .................. 2.19 3.10 6.69 95.2 5.33 66.1 3.12 18.8 4.34 2.62 58.3

2000 Average .................. 3.68 4.62 7.76 92.6 6.59 63.9 4.45 19.8 5.54 4.38 50.5

2001 Average .................. 4.00 5.72 9.63 92.4 8.43 66.0 5.24 20.8 6.60 4.61 40.2

2002 Average .................. 2.95 4.12 7.89 97.9 6.63 77.4 4.02 22.7 5.10 e3.68 83.9

2003 Average .................. 4.88 5.85 9.63 97.5 8.40 78.2 5.89 22.1 6.19 5.57 91.2

2004 Average .................. 5.46 6.65 10.75 97.7 9.43 78.0 6.53 23.7 7.16 6.11 89.8

2005 Average .................. 7.33 8.67 12.70 98.2 11.34 82.1 8.56 24.1 9.14 8.47 91.3

2006 Average .................. 6.39 8.61 13.73 98.1 12.00 80.8 7.87 23.4 8.72 7.11 93.4

2007 Average .................. 6.25 8.16 13.08 98.0 11.34 80.4 7.68 22.2 8.50 7.31 92.2

2008 January .................... 7.16 8.37 12.24 NA 11.20 82.9 8.33 20.7 NA 8.52 100.7

 February .................. 7.71 8.91 12.58 NA 11.49 82.6 9.00 20.6 NA 8.87 101.4

 March ....................... 8.44 9.49 13.13 NA 12.04 82.6 9.64 21.6 NA 9.53 101.4

 April ......................... 9.04 9.84 14.49 NA 12.65 80.0 10.06 22.1 NA 10.19 101.9

 May .......................... 10.15 11.05 16.31 NA 13.51 76.9 11.36 21.4 NA 10.97 101.5

 June ......................... 10.79 11.85 18.82 NA 14.67 76.6 12.11 20.9 NA 12.41 100.9

 July .......................... 11.32 12.48 20.68 NA 15.64 73.6 13.05 20.7 NA 11.71 100.3

 August ..................... 8.34 10.20 20.08 NA 14.20 72.5 10.11 20.5 NA 8.97 100.8

 September ............... 6.72 8.99 18.36 NA 13.13 72.7 9.13 19.1 NA 7.81 101.1

 October .................... 5.50 7.80 15.49 NA 12.08 75.6 8.11 19.0 NA 6.74 101.5

 November ................ 4.75 7.93 13.82 NA 11.72 79.6 7.36 19.6 NA 6.64 101.3

 December ................ 5.52 8.16 12.84 NA 11.61 82.1 7.89 20.0 NA 6.90 101.1

 Average .................. 7.96 9.18 13.89 97.9 12.23 79.9 9.67 20.5 11.75 9.26 101.1

2009 January .................... E 5.15 7.98 12.39 NA 11.11 R 78.2 7.44 19.0 NA 6.59 101.1

 February .................. E 4.19 7.25 12.15 NA 10.77 R 76.8 6.38 18.8 NA 5.65 101.3

 March ....................... E 3.72 6.83 11.83 NA 10.19 R 76.1 5.65 R 18.4 NA 4.89 102.1

 April ......................... E 3.43 5.67 11.56 NA 9.51 R 72.4 5.04 17.7 NA 4.63 101.6

 May .......................... E 3.45 5.47 12.50 NA 9.17 R 67.9 4.36 18.0 NA 4.66 101.6

 June ......................... E 3.45 5.53 13.83 NA 9.34 R 66.4 4.46 17.6 NA 4.58 101.1

 July .......................... E 3.43 5.68 14.83 NA 9.61 R 62.3 4.62 17.7 NA 4.43 100.9

 August ..................... E 3.14 5.59 15.14 NA 9.46 R 59.9 4.30 17.2 NA 4.25 100.8

 September ............... E 2.92 5.34 14.34 NA 9.12 R 60.9 3.81 17.1 NA 3.98 100.6

 October .................... E 3.60 5.65 11.62 NA 8.71 R 66.2 4.80 16.6 NA 5.01 102.6

 November ................ E 3.64 6.33 11.25 NA 9.19 R 69.6 5.38 16.7 NA 5.00 101.9

 December ................ E 4.44 6.23 10.31 NA 8.83 R 75.0 5.97 R 17.8 NA 6.23 100.2

 Average .................. E 3.71 6.47 11.97 E 98.0 9.86 R 72.2 5.28 17.7 NA 4.89 101.2

2010 January .................... E 5.14 6.82 10.48 NA 9.33 R 76.3 6.88 R 17.6 NA 6.97 101.3

 February .................. E 4.89 R 6.57 10.58 NA 9.33 R 76.9 6.76 17.1 NA 6.26 100.5

 March ....................... E 4.36 6.34 10.86 NA 9.27 R 74.1 6.05 16.8 NA 5.47 101.0

 April ......................... E 3.92 5.75 11.78 NA 9.31 68.7 5.07 16.7 NA 4.89 100.8

 May .......................... E 4.04 R 5.75 12.73 NA 9.12 65.7 R 5.02 16.9 NA 4.94 100.9

 June ......................... E 4.25 5.92 14.24 NA 9.39 64.2 4.96 16.8 NA 5.29 100.6

 6-Month Average ... E 4.43 6.38 11.05 NA 9.30 73.3 5.86 17.0 NA 5.62 100.8

2009 6-Month Average ... E 3.90 6.88 12.19 NA 10.37 74.9 5.67 18.3 NA 5.13 101.4

2008 6-Month Average ... 8.88 9.45 13.40 NA 12.08 81.3 9.98 21.2 NA 10.22 101.3

a Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. b See Note 9, "Natural Gas Prices," at end of section. c Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants

Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7. d Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

industrial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.

e The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 

Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data also

include independent power producers. See Note 8, "Costs of Fossil-Fuel

Receipts at Electric Generating Plants," at end of section for plant coverage.

f Includes taxes. g The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 4.3 for which price

data are available. For details on how the percentages are derived, see Table

9.11 Sources at end of section.

h Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to

fueling stations that are used primarily or exclusively by fleet vehicles. Thus, the

prices are often those associated with the cost of gas in the operation of fleet

vehicles. i Percentages exceed 100 percent when reported natural gas receipts are

greater than reported natural gas consumption—this can occur when

combined-heat-and-power plants report fuel receipts related to non-electric

generating activities.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. E=Estimate. 

Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental

gaseous fuels. • Prices are intended to include all taxes. See Note 9, "Natural

Gas Prices," at end of section. • Wellhead annual and year-to-date prices are

simple averages of the monthly prices; all other annual and year-to-date prices

are volume-weighted averages of the monthly prices. • Geographic coverage is

the 50 States and the District of Columbia. 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/prices.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Energy Prices 

Note 1. Crude Oil Refinery Acquisition Costs. Beginning with January 1981, refiner acquisition costs of crude

oil are from data collected on U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA) Form EIA-14, “Refiners’ Monthly

Cost Report.” Those costs were previously published from

data collected on Economic Regulatory Administration

(ERA) Form ERA-49, “Domestic Crude Oil Entitlements

Program Refiners Monthly Report.” Form ERA-49 was

discontinued with the decontrol of crude oil on January 28,

1981. Crude oil purchases and costs are defined for Form

EIA-14 in accordance with conventions used for Form

ERA-49. The respondents for the two forms are also essentially the same. However, due to possible different interpretations of the filing requirements and a different method for

handling prior period adjustments, care must be taken when

comparing the data collected on the two forms.

The refiner acquisition cost of crude oil is the average price

paid by refiners for crude oil booked into their refineries in

accordance with accounting procedures generally accepted

and consistently and historically applied by the refiners

concerned. Domestic crude oil is that oil produced in the

United States or from the outer continental shelf as defined in

43 USC Section 1331. Imported crude oil is either that oil

reported on Form ERA-51, “Transfer Pricing Report,” or any

crude oil that is not domestic oil. The composite cost is the

weighted average of domestic and imported crude oil costs.

Crude oil costs and volumes reported on Form ERA-49

excluded unfinished oils but included the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Crude oil costs and volumes reported

on Federal Energy Administration (FEA) Form FEA-P110-

M-1, “Refiners’ Monthly Cost Allocation Report,” included

unfinished oils but excluded SPR. Imported averages

derived from Form ERA-49 exclude oil purchased for SPR,

whereas the composite averages derived from Form ERA-49

include SPR. None of the prices derived from Form EIA-14

include either unfinished oils or SPR.

Note 2. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. The

average domestic first purchase price represents the average

price at which all domestic crude oil is purchased. Prior to

February 1976, the price represented an estimate of the average of posted prices; beginning with February 1976, the

price represents an average of actual first purchase prices.

The data series was previously called “Actual Domestic

Wellhead Price.”

Note 3. Crude Oil F.O.B. Costs. F.O.B. literally means

“Free on Board.” It denotes a transaction whereby the seller

makes the product available with an agreement on a given

port at a given price; it is the responsibility of the buyer to

arrange for the transportation and insurance.

Note 4. Crude Oil Landed Costs. The landed cost of

imported crude oil from selected countries does not represent the total cost of all imported crude. Prior to April 1975,

imported crude costs to U.S. company-owned refineries in

the Caribbean were not included in the landed cost, and

costs of crude oil from countries that export only small

amounts to the United States were also excluded. Beginning

in April 1975, however, coverage was expanded to include

U.S. company-owned refineries in the Caribbean. Landed

costs do not include supplemental fees.

Note 5. Motor Gasoline Prices. Several different series of

motor gasoline prices are published in this section. U.S. city

average retail prices of motor gasoline are calculated

monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during the development of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These prices

include all Federal, State, and local taxes paid at the time of

sale. From 1974–1977, prices were collected in 56 urban

areas. From 1978 forward, prices are collected from a new

sample of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to

represent all urban consumers—about 80 percent of the total

U.S. population. The service stations are selected initially,

and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service

stations in the current sample include those providing all

types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-serve).

Refiner prices of finished motor gasoline for resale and to

end users are determined by the EIA in a monthly survey of

refiners and gas plant operators (Form EIA-782A). The

prices do not include any Federal, State, or local taxes paid

at the time of sale. Estimates of prices prior to January 1983

are based on Form FEA-P302-M-1/EIA-460, “Petroleum

Industry Monthly Report for Product Prices,” and also

exclude all Federal, State, or local taxes paid at the time of

sale. Sales for resale are those made to purchasers who are

other-than-ultimate consumers. Sales to end users are sales

made directly to the consumers of the product, including

bulk consumers (such as agriculture, industry, and utilities)

and residential and commercial consumers.

Note 6. Historical Petroleum Prices. Starting in January

1983, Form EIA-782, “Monthly Petroleum Product Sales

Report,” replaced 10 previous surveys. Every attempt was

made to continue the most important price series. However,

prices published through December 1982 and those

published since January 1983 do not necessarily form

continuous data series due to changes in survey forms, definitions, instructions, populations, samples, processing

systems, and statistical procedures. To provide historical

data, continuous series were generated for annual data

1978–1982 and for monthly data 1981 and 1982 by estimating the prices that would have been published had Form

EIA-782 survey and system been in operation at that time.

This form of estimation was performed after detailed adjustment was made for product and sales type matching and for

discontinuity due to other factors. An important difference

between the previous and present prices is the distinction

between wholesale and resale and between retail and end

user. The resale category continues to include sales among

resellers. However, sales to bulk consumers, such as utility,

industrial, and commercial accounts previously included in

132 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
the wholesale category, are now counted as made to end

users. The end-user category continues to include retail

sales through company-owned and operated outlets but

also includes sales to the bulk consumers such as agriculture, industry, and electric utilities. Additional information may be found in “Estimated Historic Time Series for

the EIA-782,” a feature article by Paula Weir, printed in

the December 1983 [3] Petroleum Marketing Monthly,

published by EIA.

Note 7. Electricity Retail Prices. Average annual retail

prices of electricity have the following plant coverage:

Through 1979, annual data are for Classes A and B

privately owned electric utilities only. For 1980–1982,

annual data are for selected Class A utilities whose electric

operating revenues were $100 million or more during the

previous year. For 1983, annual data are for a selected

sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for

a census of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, annual

data also include energy service providers selling to retail

customers.

Average monthly retail prices of electricity have the

following plant coverage: Through 1985, monthly data are

derived from selected privately owned electric utilities

and, therefore, are not national averages. Beginning in

1986, monthly data are based on a sample of publicly and

privately owned electric utilities. Beginning in 1996,

monthly data also include energy service providers selling

to retail customers.

Preliminary monthly data are from Form EIA-826,

"Monthly Electric Sales and Revenue Report With State

Distributions Report," which is a monthly collection of

data from approximately 450 of the largest publicly and

privately owned electric utilities as well as a census of

energy service providers with retail sales in deregulated

States; a model is then applied to the collected data to estimate for the entire universe of U.S. electric utilities.

Preliminary annual data are the sum of the monthly revenues divided by the sum of the monthly sales. When final

annual data become available each year from Form EIA861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report," their ratios

to the preliminary Form EIA-826 values are used to derive

adjusted final monthly values.

Note 8. Costs of Fossil-Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants. Data for 1973–1982 cover all regulated electric

generating plants at which the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units combined totaled 25 megawatts or greater. From 1974–1982, peaking units were

included in the data and counted towards the

25-megawatt-or-greater total. Data for 1983–1990 cover

all regulated electric generating plants at which the

generator nameplate capacity of all steam-electric units

combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. Data for

1991–2001 cover all regulated electric generating plants at

which the generator nameplate capacity of all steamelectric units and combined-cycle units together totaled 50

megawatts or greater. Data for 2002 forward cover the

aforementioned regulated generating plants plus unregulated generating plants (independent power producers, as

well as combined-heat-and-power generating plants and

electricity-only plants in the commercial and industrial

sector) whose total facility fossil-fueled nameplate generating capacity is 50 or more megawatts, regardless of unit

type.

Note 9. Natural Gas Prices. Natural gas prices are

intended to include all taxes. Instructions on the data

collection forms specifically direct that all Federal, State,

and local taxes, surcharges, and/or adjustments billed to

consumers are to be included. However, sales and other

taxes itemized on more than 3,000 consumers’ bills are

sometimes excluded by the reporting utilities. Deliveredto-consumers prices for 1987 forward represent natural

gas delivered and sold to residential, commercial, industrial, vehicle fuel, and electric power consumers. They do

not include the price of natural gas delivered on behalf of

third parties to residential, commercial, industrial, and vehicle

fuel customers except for certain States in the residential and

commercial sectors for 2002 forward. Volumes of natural gas

delivered on behalf of third parties are included in the

consumption data shown in Table 4.3. Additional information

is available in the EIA Natural Gas Monthly, Appendix C. 

Table 9.1 Sources 

Domestic First Purchase Price

1973–1976: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau

of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbook, “Crude Petroleum and

Petroleum Products” chapter.

1977: Federal Energy Administration, based on Form FEAP124, “Domestic Crude Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report.”

1978–2009: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table 1.

2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010,

Table 1.

F.O.B. and Landed Cost of Imports

October 1973–September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, “Transfer Pricing Report.”

October–December 1977: EIA, Form FEA-F701-M-0,

“Transfer Pricing Report.”

1978–2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table

1.

2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September 2010,

Table 1.

Refiner Acquisition Cost

1973: EIA estimates. The domestic price was derived by

adding estimated transportation costs to the reported domestic first purchase price. The imported price was derived by

adding an estimated ocean transport cost to the average

“Free Alongside Ship” value published by the U.S. Bureau

of the Census.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 133
1974–1976: DOI, BOM, Minerals Yearbook, “Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products” chapter.

1977: January–September, FEA, based on Form FEAP110-M-1, “Refiners’ Monthly Cost Allocation Report.”

October–December, EIA, based on Form FEA-P110-M-1,

“Refiners’ Monthly Cost Allocation Report.”

1978–2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table

1. 

2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September

2010, Table 1.

Table 9.2 Sources

October 1973–September 1977: Federal Energy Administration, Form FEA-F701-M-0, “Transfer Pricing Report.”

October 1977–December 1977: U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, “Transfer

Pricing Report.”

1978–2009: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 2009, Table

21.

2010: EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, September

2010, Table 21.

Table 9.10 Sources

1973–September 1977: Federal Power Commission, Form

FPC-423, “Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for

Electric Utility Plants.”

October 1977–December 1977: Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission, Form FERC-423, “Monthly Report of Cost

and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.”

1978 and 1979: U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Form FERC-423, “Monthly Report of Cost and

Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants.”

1980–1989: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, May issues. 

1990–2000: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, March 2003,

Table 26.

2001–2007: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, October 2008,

Table 4.1; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form

FERC-423, “Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels

for Electric Utility Plants”; and EIA, Form EIA-423,

“Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants

Report.”

2008 forward: EIA, Electric Power Monthly, September

2010, Table 4.1; and Form EIA-923, ”Power Plant Operations Report.”

Table 9.11 Sources

All Prices Except Vehicle Fuel and Electric Power

1973–2002: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. 

2003 forward: EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGM), August

2010, Table 3.

Vehicle Fuel Price

EIA, NGA, annual reports.

Electric Power Sector Price

1973–1998: EIA, NGA 2000, Table 96.

1999–2002: EIA, NGM, October 2004, Table 4. 

2003–2007: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form

FERC-423, “Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for

Electric Utility Plants,” and EIA, Form EIA-423 “Monthly

Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report.”

2008 forward: Form EIA-923, ”Power Plant Operations

Report.”

Percentage of Residential Sector

1989–2008: EIA, Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.”

2009: Estimated by EIA as the average of the three previous annual values.

Percentage of Commercial Sector

1987–2002: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the

total amount of natural gas delivered to commercial

consumers minus the amount delivered for the account of

others, and then divided by the total amount delivered to

commercial consumers.

2003 forward: EIA, NGM, August 2010, Table 3.

Percentage of Industrial Sector

1982–2002: EIA, NGA, annual reports. Calculated as the

total amount of natural gas delivered to industrial consumers

minus the amount delivered for the account of others, and then

divided by the total amount delivered to industrial consumers.

2003 forward: EIA, NGM, August 2010, Table 3.

Percentage of Electric Power Sector

1973–2001: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural

gas receipts by electric utilities reported on Form FERC-423,

"Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric

Utility Plants" (and predecessor forms) divided by the quantity

of natural gas consumed by the electric power sector (for 1973-

1988, see Monthly Energy Review, Table 7.3b; for 1989-2001,

see Monthly Energy Review, Table 7.4b).

2002-2007: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural

gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power

producers reported on Form FERC-423, "Monthly Report

of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants,"

and EIA-423, “Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for

Electric Plants Report,” divided by the quantity of natural

gas consumed by the electric power sector (see Monthly

Energy Review, Table 7.4b).

2008 forward: Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural

gas receipts by electric utilities and independent power

producers reported on Form EIA-923, “Power Plant

Operations Report,” divided by the quantity of natural gas

consumed by the electric power sector (see Monthly

Energy Review, Table 7.4b).

134 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Renewable Energy

Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

10
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption

(Quadrillion Btu)

Total and Major Sources, 1973-2009

By Source, 2009 By Sector, 2009

Compared With Other Resources, 1973-2009 Compared With Other Resources, 2009

136 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Total

Hydroelectric Powera

Otherc

Renewable Energy

Nuclear

 Electric

 Power

Fuels Electric

Power

a

Conventional hydroelectric power.

b

See Table 10.1 for definition.

c

Geothermal, solar/PV, and wind. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html.

Sources: Tables 1.3, 10.1, and 10.2a-c.

Energy

Power fuelsb

Fossil Fuels

Biomassb

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

6

8

10

2.7

1.9

1.6

0.7

0.4 0.4

0.1

Hydro- Wood Bio- Wind Waste Geo- Solar/

0

1

2

3

0.6

0.1

2.0

0.9

4.1

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric 

0

1

2

3

4

5

PVb

b b b

thermalb electric

Powera

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20

40

60

80

100

78.5

8.3 7.8

Fossil Nuclear Renewable

0

20

40

60

80

100
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 137

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Production and Consumption by Source

 (Trillion Btu)

Productiona Consumption

Biomass Total

Renewable

Energyd

Hydroelectric

Powere Geothermalf Solar/

PVg Windh

Biomass Total

Renewable

Energy

Biofuelsb Totalc Woodi WastejBiofuelsk Total

1973 Total .................... NA 1,529 4,433 2,861 43 NA NA 1,527 2 NA 1,529 4,433

1975 Total .................... NA 1,499 4,723 3,155 70 NA NA 1,497 2 NA 1,499 4,723

1980 Total .................... NA 2,475 5,485 2,900 110 NA NA 2,474 2 NA 2,475 5,485

1985 Total .................... 93 3,016 6,185 2,970 198 (s) (s) 2,687 236 93 3,016 6,185

1990 Total .................... 111 2,735 6,206 3,046 336 60 29 2,216 408 111 2,735 6,206

1995 Total .................... 198 3,099 6,701 3,205 294 70 33 2,370 531 200 3,101 6,703

1996 Total .................... 141 3,155 7,165 3,590 316 71 33 2,437 577 143 3,157 7,166

1997 Total .................... 186 3,108 7,177 3,640 325 70 34 2,371 551 184 3,105 7,175

1998 Total .................... 202 2,929 6,655 3,297 328 70 31 2,184 542 201 2,928 6,654

1999 Total .................... 211 2,965 6,678 3,268 331 69 46 2,214 540 209 2,963 6,677

2000 Total .................... 233 3,006 6,257 2,811 317 66 57 2,262 511 236 3,008 6,260

2001 Total .................... 254 2,624 5,312 2,242 311 65 70 2,006 364 253 2,622 5,311

2002 Total .................... 308 2,705 5,892 2,689 328 64 105 1,995 402 303 2,701 5,888

2003 Total .................... 402 2,805 6,139 2,825 331 64 115 2,002 401 404 2,807 6,141

2004 Total .................... 487 2,998 6,235 2,690 341 64 142 2,121 389 500 3,010 6,247

2005 Total .................... 564 3,104 6,393 2,703 343 66 178 2,136 403 577 3,117 6,406

2006 Total .................... 720 3,226 6,774 2,869 343 72 264 2,109 397 771 3,277 6,824

2007 Total .................... 978 3,489 6,706 2,446 349 81 341 2,098 413 991 3,503 6,719

2008 January ................ 101 331 615 205 29 8 42 194 36 97 327 611

 February .............. 97 300 557 185 27 7 38 168 35 96 300 557

 March ................... 109 321 621 214 30 8 47 174 38 102 314 613

 April ..................... 107 314 622 219 30 8 51 170 36 107 313 622

 May ...................... 117 324 684 268 31 8 53 171 36 113 320 680

 June ..................... 111 313 690 288 30 8 51 167 35 110 312 689

 July ...................... 120 330 661 252 31 9 39 173 37 120 330 661

 August ................. 126 334 614 209 31 9 32 171 36 125 332 613

 September ........... 122 319 547 159 30 8 31 163 34 123 320 548

 October ................ 126 330 568 152 31 8 47 168 36 127 332 570

 November ............ 126 327 568 154 30 8 49 165 37 124 325 566

 December ............ 125 323 632 206 31 8 65 161 37 128 326 636

 Total .................... 1,387 3,867 7,381 2,511 360 97 546 2,044 436 1,372 3,852 7,366

2009 January ................ 120 316 651 235 32 9 59 159 38 115 311 646

 February .............. 111 289 559 176 29 8 56 146 33 102 281 550

 March ................... 120 316 640 214 33 9 68 154 42 118 314 638

 April ..................... 116 301 662 250 30 9 72 148 36 120 305 666

 May ...................... 126 316 706 290 31 10 60 152 37 131 320 710

 June ..................... 127 317 697 287 30 9 53 152 38 129 319 699

 July ...................... 139 342 655 226 31 10 46 165 38 139 342 655

 August ................. 141 348 630 189 31 10 52 169 38 141 348 630

 September ........... 136 329 582 170 31 9 43 157 36 134 327 580

 October ................ 144 343 640 194 31 9 62 163 36 144 344 640

 November ............ 149 346 656 206 32 9 63 161 36 144 341 651

 December ............ 154 359 706 244 33 9 62 166 38 148 353 701

 Total .................... 1,583 3,921 7,782 2,682 373 109 697 1,891 447 1,567 3,905 7,766

2010 January ................ 151 353 674 217 33 9 63 164 37 145 346 668

 February .............. 140 322 610 201 29 8 50 149 33 135 317 606

 March ................... 157 359 682 203 31 9 81 165 37 152 354 677

 April ..................... 149 343 659 183 30 9 94 157 37 148 343 658

 May ...................... 156 354 723 244 32 10 83 160 38 155 352 721

 June ..................... 152 350 757 289 31 10 77 161 37 156 353 760

 6-Month Total ..... 906 2,080 4,106 1,337 186 54 448 956 218 891 2,065 4,091

2009 6-Month Total ..... 720 1,854 3,914 1,452 185 54 369 911 223 716 1,850 3,909

2008 6-Month Total ..... 643 1,904 3,789 1,378 177 48 282 1,044 217 625 1,887 3,772

a Production equals consumption for all renewable energy sources except

biofuels.

b Total biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. c Wood and wood-derived fuels, biomass waste, and total biomass inputs to the

production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

d Hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar thermal/photovoltaic, wind, and

biomass.

e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate). f Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal

energy plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

g Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu

using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy.

h Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants

heat rate). i Wood and wood-derived fuels.

j Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels). k Fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel consumption, plus losses and

co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: • Most data for the residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation

sectors are estimates. See notes and sources for Tables 10.2a and 10.2b. • See

Note, "Renewable Energy Production and Consumption," at end of section.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

• Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: Tables 10.2a-c, 10.3, and 10.4.
138 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors

 (Trillion Btu)

Residential Sector Commercial Sectora

Geothermalb Solar/

PVc

Biomass

Total

Hydroelectric

Powere Geothermalb Solar/

PVf

 Biomass

Wood Total d Woodd Wasteg

Fuel

Ethanolh Total

1973 Total .................... NA NA 354 354 NA NA NA 7 NA NA 7 7

1975 Total .................... NA NA 425 425 NA NA NA 8 NA NA 8 8

1980 Total .................... NA NA 850 850 NA NA NA 21 NA NA 21 21

1985 Total .................... NA NA 1,010 1,010 NA NA NA 24 NA (s) 24 24

1990 Total .................... 6 56 580 641 1 3 – 66 28 (s) 94 98

1995 Total .................... 7 65 520 591 1 5 – 72 40 (s) 113 118

1996 Total .................... 7 65 540 612 1 5 – 76 53 (s) 129 135

1997 Total .................... 8 65 430 503 1 6 – 73 58 (s) 131 138

1998 Total .................... 8 65 380 452 1 7 – 64 54 (s) 118 127

1999 Total .................... 9 64 390 462 1 7 – 67 54 (s) 121 129

2000 Total .................... 9 61 420 490 1 8 – 71 47 (s) 119 128

2001 Total .................... 9 60 370 439 1 8 – 67 25 (s) 92 101

2002 Total .................... 10 59 380 449 (s) 9 – 69 26 (s) 95 104

2003 Total .................... 13 58 400 471 1 11 – 71 29 1 101 113

2004 Total .................... 14 59 410 483 1 12 – 70 34 1 105 118

2005 Total .................... 16 61 430 507 1 14 – 70 34 1 105 119

2006 Total .................... 18 67 390 475 1 14 – 65 36 1 102 117

2007 Total .................... 22 75 430 527 1 14 – 69 31 2 102 118

2008 January ................ 2 7 38 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 February .............. 2 7 36 45 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 March ................... 2 7 38 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 April ..................... 2 7 37 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 May ...................... 2 7 38 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 11

 June ..................... 2 7 37 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 July ...................... 2 7 38 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 11

 August ................. 2 7 38 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 11

 September ........... 2 7 37 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 October ................ 2 7 38 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 November ............ 2 7 37 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 December ............ 2 7 38 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 11

 Total .................... 26 88 450 565 1 15 (s) 73 34 2 109 125

2009 January ................ 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 0 6 3 (s) 9 11

 February .............. 3 8 33 43 (s) 1 (s) 6 2 (s) 8 9

 March ................... 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 4 (s) 10 12

 April ..................... 3 8 35 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 May ...................... 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 11

 June ..................... 3 8 35 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 July ...................... 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 August ................. 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 11

 September ........... 3 8 35 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 October ................ 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 2 (s) 9 10

 November ............ 3 8 35 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 December ............ 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 0 6 3 (s) 9 11

 Total .................... 33 101 430 563 1 17 (s) 72 34 2 108 125

2010 January ................ 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 0 6 3 (s) 9 11

 February .............. 3 8 33 43 (s) 1 (s) 6 2 (s) 8 10

 March ................... 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 April ..................... 3 8 35 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 10

 May ...................... 3 9 37 48 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 10 11

 June ..................... 3 8 35 46 (s) 1 (s) 6 3 (s) 9 11

 6-Month Total ..... 16 50 213 279 (s) 8 (s) 36 17 1 54 63

2009 6-Month Total ..... 16 50 213 279 (s) 8 (s) 36 17 1 54 63

2008 6-Month Total ..... 13 44 224 281 (s) 7 (s) 36 17 1 54 62

a Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of

Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.

b Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. c Solar thermal direct use energy, and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate). Includes

small amounts of distributed solar thermal and PV energy used in the

commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.

d Wood and wood-derived fuels. e Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate). f Photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate) at commercial plants with capacity of 1 megawatt

or greater.

g Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels). h The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,

consumed by the commercial sector.

NA=Not available. – =No data reported. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu and

greater than -0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: • Data are estimates, except for commercial sector solar/PV,

hydroelectric power, and waste. • Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the

District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html for all available

data beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 139

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Industrial and Transportation Sectors

 (Trillion Btu)

Industrial Sectora Transportation Sector

Hydroelectric

Powerb Geothermalc

Biomass

Total

Biomass

Woodd Wastee FuelEthanolf

Losses

and Coproductsg TotalFuel

Ethanolh Biodieseli Total

1973 Total .................... 35 NA 1,165 NA NA NA 1,165 1,200 NA NA NA

1975 Total .................... 32 NA 1,063 NA NA NA 1,063 1,096 NA NA NA

1980 Total .................... 33 NA 1,600 NA NA NA 1,600 1,633 NA NA NA

1985 Total .................... 33 NA 1,645 230 1 42 1,918 1,951 50 NA 50

1990 Total .................... 31 2 1,442 192 1 49 1,684 1,717 60 NA 60

1995 Total .................... 55 3 1,652 195 2 86 1,934 1,992 113 NA 113

1996 Total .................... 61 3 1,683 224 1 61 1,969 2,033 81 NA 81

1997 Total .................... 58 3 1,731 184 1 80 1,996 2,057 102 NA 102

1998 Total .................... 55 3 1,603 180 1 86 1,872 1,929 113 NA 113

1999 Total .................... 49 4 1,620 171 1 90 1,882 1,934 118 NA 118

2000 Total .................... 42 4 1,636 145 1 99 1,881 1,928 135 NA 135

2001 Total .................... 33 5 1,443 129 3 108 1,681 1,719 141 1 142

2002 Total .................... 39 5 1,396 146 3 130 1,676 1,720 168 2 170

2003 Total .................... 43 3 1,363 142 4 169 1,679 1,726 228 2 230

2004 Total .................... 33 4 1,476 132 6 203 1,817 1,853 286 3 290

2005 Total .................... 32 4 1,452 148 7 230 1,837 1,873 328 12 339

2006 Total .................... 29 4 1,472 130 10 285 1,897 1,930 442 33 475

2007 Total .................... 16 5 1,413 144 10 377 1,944 1,964 557 46 603

2008 January ................ 2 (s) 134 12 1 39 185 188 54 4 57

 February .............. 2 (s) 112 13 1 37 163 165 55 3 58

 March ................... 2 (s) 114 13 1 42 170 172 57 2 59

 April ..................... 2 (s) 114 12 1 41 168 171 63 2 65

 May ...................... 2 (s) 114 12 1 45 172 174 65 2 67

 June ..................... 1 (s) 109 11 1 42 163 165 65 1 67

 July ...................... 1 (s) 112 12 1 46 171 172 69 4 73

 August ................. 1 (s) 110 11 1 48 171 172 70 5 75

 September ........... 1 (s) 105 11 1 46 163 165 70 5 75

 October ................ 1 (s) 110 12 1 48 172 173 73 5 78

 November ............ 1 (s) 107 12 1 48 169 170 69 5 74

 December ............ 2 (s) 100 13 1 49 163 165 75 4 78

 Total .................... 17 5 1,344 144 12 532 2,031 2,053 786 40 827

2009 January ................ 2 (s) 100 14 1 46 161 163 67 (s) 67

 February .............. 1 (s) 93 12 1 43 149 150 58 (s) 58

 March ................... 2 (s) 98 14 1 48 161 163 67 3 70

 April ..................... 2 (s) 95 13 1 46 155 157 70 3 73

 May ...................... 2 (s) 97 13 1 50 161 163 77 2 79

 June ..................... 2 (s) 96 13 1 50 160 162 75 3 78

 July ...................... 1 (s) 106 14 1 54 175 177 80 3 83

 August ................. 1 (s) 110 13 1 55 180 181 81 4 85

 September ........... 1 (s) 102 13 1 53 169 171 75 6 80

 October ................ 1 (s) 108 13 1 56 178 180 82 5 87

 November ............ 1 (s) 105 13 1 57 177 178 81 5 85

 December ............ 2 (s) 107 14 1 60 181 183 82 5 87

 Total .................... 18 4 1,217 160 13 617 2,007 2,029 894 40 934

2010 January ................ 2 (s) 105 14 1 59 180 182 83 1 84

 February .............. 2 (s) 96 12 1 55 164 166 76 4 79

 March ................... 2 (s) 107 13 1 62 183 185 87 2 89

 April ..................... 2 (s) 102 13 1 59 175 177 85 3 88

 May ...................... 2 (s) 104 14 1 62 R 180 182 89 2 92

 June ..................... 1 (s) 105 13 1 60 179 181 91 3 94

 6-Month Total ..... 10 2 618 79 8 356 1,061 1,073 512 14 526

2009 6-Month Total ..... 10 2 578 79 6 283 947 959 414 12 426

2008 6-Month Total ..... 10 2 698 72 5 246 1,023 1,035 359 13 373

a Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

industrial electricity-only plants. See Note, "Classification of Power Plants Into

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 7.

b Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate). c Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. d Wood and wood-derived fuels. e Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels). f The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10,

consumed by the industrial sector.

g Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. 

Does not include natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the

production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sector

consumption statistics for the appropriate energy source. h The fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) portion of motor fuels, such as E10 and

E85, consumed by the transportation sector. i "Biodiesel" is any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute, additive, or

extender. See "Biodiesel" in Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Data are estimates, except for industrial sector hydroelectric power in

1973-1978 and 1989 forward. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of

Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
140 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 10.2c Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

 (Trillion Btu)

Hydroelectric

Powera Geothermalb Solar/PVc Windd

Biomass

Wood Total e Wastef Total

1973 Total .................... 2,827 43 NA NA 1 2 3 2,873

1975 Total .................... 3,122 70 NA NA (s) 2 2 3,194

1980 Total .................... 2,867 110 NA NA 3 2 4 2,982

1985 Total .................... 2,937 198 (s) (s) 8 7 14 3,150

1990 Total g ................. 3,014 326 4 29 129 188 317 3,689

1995 Total .................... 3,149 280 5 33 125 296 422 3,889

1996 Total .................... 3,528 300 5 33 138 300 438 4,305

1997 Total .................... 3,581 309 5 34 137 309 446 4,375

1998 Total .................... 3,241 311 5 31 137 308 444 4,032

1999 Total .................... 3,218 312 5 46 138 315 453 4,034

2000 Total .................... 2,768 296 5 57 134 318 453 3,579

2001 Total .................... 2,209 289 6 70 126 211 337 2,910

2002 Total .................... 2,650 305 6 105 150 230 380 3,445

2003 Total .................... 2,781 303 5 115 167 230 397 3,601

2004 Total .................... 2,656 311 6 142 165 223 388 3,503

2005 Total .................... 2,670 309 6 178 185 221 406 3,568

2006 Total .................... 2,839 306 5 264 182 231 412 3,827

2007 Total .................... 2,430 308 6 341 186 237 423 3,508

2008 January ................ 203 26 (s) 42 16 21 37 308

 February .............. 184 23 (s) 38 15 20 35 279

 March ................... 212 26 1 47 15 23 38 324

 April ..................... 217 26 1 51 13 21 34 330

 May ...................... 267 27 1 53 13 21 34 381

 June ..................... 286 27 1 51 14 22 36 401

 July ...................... 251 27 1 39 16 23 39 357

 August ................. 208 27 1 32 16 22 38 307

 September ........... 158 26 1 31 15 21 36 252

 October ................ 151 27 1 47 14 21 35 261

 November ............ 153 26 (s) 49 15 21 36 265

 December ............ 204 27 (s) 65 16 22 38 334

 Total .................... 2,494 314 9 546 177 258 435 3,798

2009 January ................ 233 28 (s) 59 16 20 36 356

 February .............. 175 25 (s) 56 14 19 33 289

 March ................... 212 28 1 68 13 24 37 346

 April ..................... 249 25 1 72 12 21 33 379

 May ...................... 288 26 1 60 13 21 34 409

 June ..................... 285 26 1 53 15 22 37 402

 July ...................... 225 27 1 46 15 22 37 336

 August ................. 188 27 1 52 16 22 38 305

 September ........... 169 26 1 43 13 20 34 273

 October ................ 192 27 1 62 13 20 33 315

 November ............ 205 27 (s) 63 14 20 35 330

 December ............ 242 28 (s) 62 17 22 39 371

 Total .................... 2,663 320 8 697 173 253 426 4,113

2010 January ................ 216 28 (s) 63 17 20 37 344

 February .............. 200 25 (s) 50 15 18 33 308

 March ................... 201 26 1 81 15 21 37 345

 April ..................... 181 26 1 94 14 21 35 336

 May ...................... 243 27 1 83 13 20 34 388

 June ..................... 287 27 1 77 15 20 36 428

 6-Month Total ..... 1,327 160 5 448 89 122 211 2,150

2009 6-Month Total ..... 1,441 158 4 369 84 127 210 2,182

2008 6-Month Total ..... 1,368 154 4 282 86 128 213 2,022

a Conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate). b Geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal

energy plants heat rate).

c Solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) electricity net generation (converted to Btu

using the plants heat rate).

d Wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants

heat rate).

e Wood and wood-derived fuels. f Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste,

agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. Through 2000, also includes

non-renewable waste (municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and

tire-derived fuels).

g Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are

for electric utilities and independent power producers.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu.

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • Totals

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic

coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • Biomass: Table 7.4b. • All Other Data: Tables 7.2b and A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 141

Table 10.3 Fuel Ethanol Overview

Feedstocka

Losses

and Coproductsb Denaturantc Productiond

Traded

Stocksd,f

Stock

Changed,g Consumptiond

Consumption

Minus

Denaturanth Net

Importse

TBtu TBtu Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu TBtu

1981 Total .................. 13 6 40 1,978 83 7 NA NA NA 1,978 83 7 7

1985 Total .................. 93 42 294 14,693 617 52 NA NA NA 14,693 617 52 51

1990 Total .................. 111 49 356 17,802 748 63 NA NA NA 17,802 748 63 62

1995 Total .................. 198 86 647 32,325 1,358 115 387 2,186 -207 32,919 1,383 117 114

1996 Total .................. 141 61 464 23,178 973 83 313 2,065 -121 23,612 992 84 82

1997 Total .................. 186 80 613 30,674 1,288 109 85 2,925 860 29,899 1,256 107 104

1998 Total .................. 202 86 669 33,453 1,405 119 66 3,406 481 33,038 1,388 118 115

1999 Total .................. 211 90 698 34,881 1,465 124 87 4,024 618 34,350 1,443 122 119

2000 Total .................. 233 99 773 38,627 1,622 138 116 3,400 -624 39,367 1,653 140 137

2001 Total .................. 253 108 841 42,028 1,765 150 315 4,298 898 41,445 1,741 148 144

2002 Total .................. 307 130 1,019 50,956 2,140 182 306 6,200 1,902 49,360 2,073 176 171

2003 Total .................. 400 169 1,335 66,772 2,804 238 292 5,978 -222 67,286 2,826 240 233

2004 Total .................. 484 203 1,621 81,058 3,404 289 3,542 6,002 24 84,576 3,552 301 293

2005 Total .................. 552 230 1,859 92,961 3,904 331 3,234 5,563 -439 96,634 4,059 344 335

2006 Total .................. 688 285 2,326 116,294 4,884 414 17,408 8,760 3,197 130,505 5,481 465 453

2007 Total .................. 914 376 3,105 155,263 6,521 553 10,457 10,535 1,775 163,945 6,886 584 569

2008 January .............. 94 38 321 16,058 674 57 510 11,383 848 15,720 660 56 55

 February ............ 91 37 311 15,527 652 55 505 11,173 -210 16,242 682 58 56

 March ................. 103 42 351 17,527 736 62 368 12,288 1,115 16,780 705 60 58

 April ................... 101 41 343 17,152 720 61 1,491 12,572 284 18,359 771 65 64

 May .................... 110 45 375 18,756 788 67 962 13,297 725 18,993 798 68 66

 June ................... 103 42 353 17,651 741 63 1,571 13,323 26 19,196 806 68 67

 July .................... 112 46 381 19,040 800 68 1,459 13,448 125 20,374 856 73 71

 August ............... 118 48 401 20,059 842 71 1,931 14,771 1,323 20,667 868 74 72

 September ......... 113 46 387 19,338 812 69 2,466 16,110 1,339 20,465 860 73 71

 October .............. 118 48 401 20,048 842 71 606 15,214 -896 21,550 905 77 75

 November .......... 118 48 403 20,139 846 72 278 15,286 72 20,345 854 72 71

 December .......... 119 49 407 20,342 854 72 463 14,226 -1,060 21,865 918 78 76

 Total .................. 1,300 531 4,433 221,637 9,309 790 12,610 14,226 3,691 230,556 9,683 821 800

2009 January .............. 114 46 403 19,561 822 70 388 14,514 288 19,661 826 70 68

 February ............ 106 43 409 18,255 767 65 56 15,834 1,320 16,991 714 61 59

 March ................. 117 48 452 20,121 845 72 79 16,411 577 19,623 824 70 68

 April ................... 113 46 427 19,374 814 69 166 15,322 -1,089 20,629 866 74 71

 May .................... 123 50 459 21,024 883 75 507 14,173 -1,149 22,680 953 81 79

 June ................... 123 50 455 21,125 887 75 705 13,974 -199 22,029 925 78 76

 July .................... 133 54 503 22,887 961 82 960 14,223 249 23,598 991 84 82

 August ............... 135 55 494 23,136 972 82 983 14,671 448 23,671 994 84 82

 September ......... 129 53 479 22,218 933 79 310 15,283 612 21,916 920 78 76

 October .............. 137 55 515 23,467 986 84 269 14,933 -350 24,086 1,012 86 83

 November .......... 141 57 523 24,122 1,013 86 285 15,578 645 23,762 998 85 82

 December .......... 146 59 569 25,134 1,056 90 12 16,594 1,016 24,130 1,013 86 83

 Total .................. 1,517 616 5,688 260,424 10,938 928 4,720 16,594 2,368 262,776 11,037 936 910

2010 January .............. 147 59 533 25,366 1,065 90 34 17,800 i1,089 24,311 1,021 87 84

 February ............ 135 55 R 488 23,328 980 83 27 18,897 1,097 22,258 935 79 77

 March ................. 153 62 R 527 26,270 1,103 94 27 19,691 794 25,503 1,071 91 R 88

 April ................... 145 58 R 512 24,962 1,048 89 36 19,682 -9 25,007 1,050 89 87

 May .................... 152 61 R 534 26,244 1,102 94 39 19,721 39 26,244 1,102 94 91

 June ................... 149 60 521 25,631 1,077 91 40 18,610 -1,111 26,782 1,125 95 93

 6-Month Total ... 882 356 3,115 151,801 6,376 541 203 18,610 1,899 150,105 6,304 535 521

2009 6-Month Total ... 696 283 2,605 119,460 5,017 426 1,901 13,974 -252 121,613 5,108 433 421

2008 6-Month Total ... 602 246 2,053 102,671 4,312 366 5,407 13,323 2,788 105,290 4,422 375 365

a Total corn and other biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol

used for fuel ethanol.

b Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol. Does not include

natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of fuel

ethanol—these are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the

appropriate energy source.

c The amount of denaturant in fuel ethanol produced. d Includes denaturant. e Fuel ethanol imports only. Data for fuel ethanol exports are not available. f Stocks are at end of period.

g A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates

an increase.

h Consumption of fuel ethanol minus denaturant. Data for fuel ethanol minus

denaturant are used to develop data for "Renewable Energy/Biomass" in Tables

10.1-10.2b, as well as in Sections 1 and 2. i Derived from the preliminary December 2009 stocks value (16,711 thousand

barrels), not the final December 2009 value (16,594 thousand barrels) that is shown

under "Stocks."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion

Btu. • Fuel ethanol data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by

multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by the approximate

heat content of fuel ethanol—see Table A3. • Through 1980, data are not

available. For 1981-1992, data are estimates. For 1993-2008, only data for

feedstock, losses and co-products, and denaturant are estimates.

Beginning in 2009, only data for feedstock, and losses and co-products, are

estimates. • See "Denaturant," "Ethanol," "Fuel Ethanol," and "Fuel Ethanol Minus

Denaturant" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of

Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html for all available data

beginning in 1981.

Sources: See end of section.
142 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 10.4 Biodiesel Overview

Feedstocka

Losses

and Coproductsb Production

Trade

Stocksd Stock

Changee

Balancing

Imports Exports Itemf Consumption

Net

Importsc

TBtu TBtu Mbbl MMgal TBtu Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl Mbbl MMgal TBtu

2001 Total .................... 1 (s) 204 9 1 78 39 39 NA NA NA 243 10 1

2002 Total .................... 1 (s) 250 10 1 191 56 135 NA NA NA 385 16 2

2003 Total .................... 2 (s) 338 14 2 94 110 -16 NA NA NA 322 14 2

2004 Total .................... 4 (s) 666 28 4 97 124 -26 NA NA NA 640 27 3

2005 Total .................... 12 (s) 2,162 91 12 207 206 1 NA NA NA 2,163 91 12

2006 Total .................... 32 (s) 5,963 250 32 1,069 828 242 NA NA NA 6,204 261 33

2007 Total .................... 63 1 11,662 490 62 3,342 6,477 -3,135 NA NA NA 8,528 358 46

2008 January ................ 7 (s) 1,197 50 6 598 1,100 -501 NA NA NA 695 29 4

 February .............. 6 (s) 1,074 45 6 838 1,384 -546 NA NA NA 528 22 3

 March ................... 6 (s) 1,188 50 6 274 1,172 -898 NA NA NA 290 12 2

 April ..................... 7 (s) 1,268 53 7 688 1,592 -904 NA NA NA 364 15 2

 May ...................... 7 (s) 1,292 54 7 513 1,364 -850 NA NA NA 442 19 2

 June ..................... 8 (s) 1,445 61 8 512 1,758 -1,246 NA NA NA 198 8 1

 July ...................... 9 (s) 1,604 67 9 526 1,421 -894 NA NA NA 710 30 4

 August ................. 9 (s) 1,623 68 9 907 1,606 -699 NA NA NA 923 39 5

 September ........... 8 (s) 1,501 63 8 908 1,452 -544 NA NA NA 957 40 5

 October ................ 8 (s) 1,465 62 8 721 1,333 -612 NA NA NA 853 36 5

 November ............ 8 (s) 1,438 60 8 612 1,181 -569 NA NA NA 869 36 5

 December ............ 6 (s) 1,052 44 6 404 766 -362 NA NA NA 689 29 4

 Total .................... 88 1 16,145 678 87 7,502 16,128 -8,626 NA NA NA 7,519 316 40

2009 January ................ 5 (s) 1,011 42 5 261 1,150 -889 664 664 621 79 3 (s)

 February .............. 4 (s) 780 33 4 158 1,166 -1,009 424 -240 61 73 3 (s)

 March ................... 3 (s) 599 25 3 383 203 180 665 241 0 538 23 3

 April ..................... 3 (s) 624 26 3 52 154 -102 632 -33 0 554 23 3

 May ...................... 4 (s) 689 29 4 117 417 -300 600 -32 0 421 18 2

 June ..................... 4 (s) 761 32 4 138 366 -228 581 -19 0 552 23 3

 July ...................... 6 (s) 1,030 43 6 58 581 -523 511 -70 0 576 24 3

 August ................. 6 (s) 1,070 45 6 126 397 -271 511 0 0 799 34 4

 September ........... 6 (s) 1,158 49 6 123 224 -101 527 16 0 1,041 44 6

 October ................ 7 (s) 1,309 55 7 159 424 -265 553 26 0 1,018 43 5

 November ............ 8 (s) 1,550 65 8 105 819 -714 531 -22 0 857 36 5

 December ............ 8 (s) 1,439 60 8 165 431 -265 711 180 0 994 42 5

 Total .................... 65 1 12,020 505 64 1,844 6,332 -4,489 711 711 682 7,503 315 40

2010 January ................ 4 (s) 764 32 4 41 296 -256 834 g328 0 181 8 1

 February .............. 4 (s) 797 33 4 31 139 -108 844 10 0 679 29 4

 March ................... 4 (s) 812 34 4 60 433 -374 969 125 0 314 13 2

 April ..................... 4 (s) 735 31 4 45 227 -182 931 -38 0 591 25 3

 May ...................... 4 (s) 688 29 4 80 251 -171 1,060 129 0 387 16 2

 June ..................... 3 (s) 642 27 3 54 304 -249 968 -92 0 485 20 3

 6-Month Total ..... 24 (s) 4,438 186 24 311 1,650 -1,340 968 462 0 2,637 111 14

2009 6-Month Total ..... 24 (s) 4,465 188 24 1,108 3,457 -2,349 581 581 682 2,218 93 12

2008 6-Month Total ..... 41 1 7,464 313 40 3,423 8,369 -4,946 NA NA NA 2,518 106 13

a Total vegetable oil and other biomass inputs to the production of biodiesel. b Losses and co-products from the production of biodiesel. Does not include

natural gas, electricity, and other non-biomass energy used in the production of

biodiesel—these are included in the industrial sector consumption statistics for the

appropriate energy source.

c Net imports equal imports minus exports. d Stocks are at end of period. e A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive value indicates

an increase. f Beginning in 2009, because of incomplete data coverage and different data

sources, “Balancing Item” is used to balance biodiesel supply and disposition. 

g Derived from the preliminary December 2009 stocks value (506 thousand

barrels), not the final December 2009 value (711 thousand barrels) that is shown

under “Stocks.” 

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • Mbbl = thousand barrels. MMgal = million U.S. gallons. TBtu = trillion

Btu. • Biodiesel data in thousand barrels are converted to million gallons by

multiplying by 0.042, and are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.359 million Btu

per barrel (the approximate heat content of biodiesel—see Table A3). • Through

2000, data are not available. Beginning in 2001, data not from U.S. Energy

Information Administration (EIA) surveys are estimates. • Totals may not equal

sum of components due to independent rounding. • Geographic coverage is the

50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html for all available data

beginning in 2001.

Sources: • Feedstock: Calculated as biodiesel production in thousand barrels

multiplied by 5.433 million Btu per barrel (the biodiesel feedstock factor—see Table

A3). • Losses and Co-products: Calculated as biodiesel feedstock minus

biodiesel production. • Production: 2001-2005—U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Commodity Credit Corporation, Bioenergy Program records. Annual data are

derived from quarterly data. Monthly data are estimated by dividing the annual data

by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the

month. 2006—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K -

Fats and Oils: Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for soybean oil

consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). In addition, the EIA, Office of Integrated

Analysis and Forecasting, estimates that 14.4 million gallons of yellow grease were

consumed in methyl esters (biodiesel). 2007 and October 2009 forward—U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "M311K - Fats and Oils: 

Production, Consumption, and Stocks," data for all fats and oils consumed in

methyl esters (biodiesel). January 2008-September 2009—EIA, Monthly Biodiesel

Production Report, September 2009 (release date August 2010), Table 11.

Monthly data for 2008 are estimated based on U.S. Department of Commerce,

Bureau of Census, M311K data, multiplied by the EIA 2008 annual value’s share of

the M311K 2008 annual value. • Trade: U.S. Department of Agriculture, imports

data for Harmonized Tariff Schedule code 3824.90.40.20 (Fatty Esters

Animal/Vegetable/Mixture), and exports data for Schedule B code 3824.90.40.00

(Fatty Substances Animal/Vegetable/Mixture). Although these categories include

products other than biodiesel (such as those destined for soaps, cosmetics, and

other items), biodiesel is the largest component. In the absence of other reliable

data for biodiesel trade, EIA sees these data as good estimates. • Stocks and

Stock Change: 2009—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Table 1, data for

renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. 2010—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, Table

1, data for renewable fuels except fuel ethanol. • Balancing Item: Calculated as

biodiesel consumption and biodiesel stock change minus biodiesel production and

biodiesel net imports. • Consumption: 2001-2008—Calculated as biodiesel

production plus biodiesel net imports. January and February 2009—EIA, PSA,

Table 1, data for refinery and blender net inputs of renewable fuels except fuel

ethanol. March 2009 forward—Calculated as biodiesel production plus biodiesel

net imports minus biodiesel stock change. 
Renewable Energy

Note. Renewable Energy Production and Consumption. In Table 10.1, renewable energy consumption consists

of: conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to

Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal

electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity

net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants

heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity

net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants

heat rate); wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass

waste (municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill

gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)

consumption; fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) and biodiesel

consumption; and losses and co-products from the production

of fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Production is assumed to equal

consumption for all renewable energy sources except biofuels

(biofuels production comprises biomass inputs to the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel).

Table 10.2a Sources

Residential Sector, Geothermal

Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center. Monthly

estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the

number of days in the year and then multiplying by the

number of days in the month. (The annual estimate for the

current year is set equal to that of the previous year.)

Residential Sector, Solar/PV

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Coal,

Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates

based on Form EIA-63A, “Annual Solar Thermal Collector

Manufacturers Survey,” and Form EIA-63B, “Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.” Monthly

estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the

number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number

of days in the month. (The annual estimate for the current year

is set equal to that of the previous year.)

Residential Sector, Wood

1973–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.

1980 forward: EIA, Form EIA-457, “Residential Energy

Consumption Survey”; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates based

on Form EIA-457 and regional heating degree-day data.

Monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual

estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The annual

estimate for the current year is set equal to that of the previous year.)

Commercial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

EIA, Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables 7.2a–7.2c and

A6. Calculated as total conventional hydroelectric power

minus conventional hydroelectric power in the electric

power and industrial sectors, multiplied by the fossil-fueled

plants heat rate.

Commercial Sector, Geothermal

Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center. Monthly

estimates are created by dividing the annual estimates by the

number of days in the year and then multiplying by the

number of days in the month. (The annual estimate for the

current year is set equal to that of the previous year.)

Commercial Sector, Solar/PV

EIA, MER, Tables 7.2a, 7.2b, and A6. Calculated as total

solar/PV electricity net generation minus electric power

sector solar/PV electricity net generation, multiplied by the

fossil-fueled plants heat rate.

Commercial Sector, Wood

1973–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.

1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy

Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.

1984: EIA, CNEAF, estimate.

1985–1988: Values interpolated.

1989 forward: EIA, MER, Tables 7.4a–c; and EIA,

CNEAF, estimates based on Form EIA-871, “Commercial

Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.” Data for wood

consumption at commercial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) plants are calculated as total wood consumption at

electricity-only and CHP plants (MER, Table 7.4a) minus

wood consumption in the electric power sector (MER, Table

7.4b) and at industrial CHP plants (MER, Table 7.4c).

Annual estimates for wood consumption at other commercial plants are based on Form EIA-871 (the annual estimate

for the current year is set equal to that of the previous year);

monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual

estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month.

Commercial Sector, Biomass Waste

EIA, MER, Table 7.4c.

Commercial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus 

Denaturant)

EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7a, and 10.3. Calculated as

commercial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7a)

divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table

3.5), and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)

consumption (Table 10.3).

Table 10.2b Sources

Industrial Sector, Hydroelectric Power

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), MER

Tables 7.2c and A6.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 143
Industrial Sector, Geothermal

Oregon Institute of Technology, Geo-Heat Center.

Monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual

estimates by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days in the month. (The annual

estimate for the current year is set equal to that of the

previous year.)

Industrial Sector, Wood

1973–1979: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.

1980–1983: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1.

1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,

Table 1.

1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.

1987: EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United

States During 1987, Table 2.

1988: Value interpolated.

1989 forward: EIA, MER, Table 7.4c; and EIA, Office of

Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF),

estimates based on Form EIA-846, “Manufacturing

Energy Consumption Survey.” Data for wood consumption at industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants

are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual estimates for wood

consumption at other industrial plants are based on FormEIA-846 (the annual estimate for the current year is set

equal to that of the previous year); monthly estimates are

created by dividing the annual estimates by the number of

days in the year and then multiplying by the number of days

in the month.

Industrial Sector, Biomass Waste

1981: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,

Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector

waste consumption. 

1982 and 1983: EIA, CNEAF, estimates for total waste

consumption; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are

calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power

sector waste consumption.

1984: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,

Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector

waste consumption. 

1985 and 1986: Values interpolated.

1987: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,

Table 8; and EIA, MER, Table 10.2c. Estimates are calculated as total waste consumption minus electric power sector

waste consumption.

1988: Value interpolated.

1989 forward: EIA, MER, Table 7.4c; and EIA, CNEAF,

estimates based on information presented in Government

Advisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and

Methane Recovery Yearbook, and information provided by

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill

Methane Outreach Program. Data for waste consumption at

industrial CHP plants are from MER, Table 7.4c. Annual

estimates for waste consumption at other industrial plants are

based on the non-EIA sources listed above (the annual

estimate for the current year is set equal to that of the previous year); monthly estimates are created by dividing the

annual estimates by the number of days in the year and then

multiplying by the number of days in the month.

Industrial Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus Denaturant)

EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7b, and 10.3. Calculated as industrial sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7b) divided

by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 3.5), and

then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant) consumption (Table 10.3).

Industrial Sector, Losses and Co-products

EIA, MER, Tables 10.3 and 10.4.

Transportation Sector, Fuel Ethanol (Minus

Denaturant)

EIA, MER, Tables 3.5, 3.7c, and 10.3. Calculated as transportation sector motor gasoline consumption (Table 3.7c)

divided by total motor gasoline product supplied (Table 3.5),

and then multiplied by fuel ethanol (minus denaturant)

consumption (Table 10.3).

Transportation Sector, Biodiesel

EIA, MER, Table 10.4. Transportation sector biodiesel

consumption is assumed to equal total biodiesel

consumption.

Table 10.3 Sources

Feedstock 

Calculated as fuel ethanol production (in thousand barrels)

minus denaturant, and then multiplied by the fuel ethanol

feedstock factor—see Table A3.

Losses and Co-products 

Calculated as fuel ethanol feedstock plus denaturant minus

fuel ethanol production.

Denaturant 

1981–2008: Data in thousand barrels for petroleum denaturant in fuel ethanol produced are estimated as 2 percent of

fuel ethanol production; these data are converted to Btu by

multiplying by 4.645 million Btu per barrel (the estimated

quantity-weighted factor of pentanes plus and conventional

motor gasoline used as denaturant).

144 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
2009: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), Table 1. Data in thousand barrels

for net production of pentanes plus at renewable fuels and

oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted

to Btu by multiplying by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the

approximate heat content of pentanes plus). Data in thousand

barrels for net production of conventional motor gasoline at

renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1;

these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by 5.253 million

Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of conventional

motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of the values for

pentanes plus and conventional motor gasoline.

2010: EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), monthly

reports, Table 1. Data in thousand barrels for net production of

pentanes plus at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are

multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying

by 4.620 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content

of pentanes plus). Data in thousand barrels for net production

of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending

components at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants are multiplied by -1; these data are converted to Btu by multiplying by

5.253 million Btu per barrel (the approximate heat content of

conventional motor gasoline). Total denaturant is the sum of

the values for pentanes plus, conventional motor gasoline, and

motor gasoline blending components.

Production 

1981–1992: Fuel ethanol production is assumed to equal fuel

ethanol consumption—see sources for "Consumption." 

1993–2004: Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption plus fuel

ethanol stock change minus fuel ethanol net imports. These

data differ slightly from the original production data from EIA,

Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate Report," and predecessor

form, which were not reconciled and updated to be consistent

with the final balance.

2005–2008: EIA, Form EIA-819, "Monthly Oxygenate

Report."

2009: EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for net production of fuel

ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate plants.

2010: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1, data for net

production of fuel ethanol at renewable fuels and oxygenate

plants.

Trade, Stocks, and Stock Change 

1992–2009: EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA), annual

reports, Table 1.

2010: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1.

Consumption 

1981–1989: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption

1990, Table 10; and EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric

and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF), estimates.

1990–1992: EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biomass Energy

Consumption 1992, Table D2; and EIA, CNEAF, estimates.

1993–2004: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 2 and 16.

Calculated as 10 percent of oxygenated finished motor

gasoline field production (Table 2), plus fuel ethanol refinery input (Table 16).

2005–2008: EIA, PSA, annual reports, Tables 1 and 15.

Calculated as motor gasoline blending components adjustments (Table 1), plus finished motor gasoline adjustments

(Table 1), plus fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs

(Table 15).

2009: EIA, PSA, Table 1. Calculated as fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel ethanol adjustments.

2010: EIA, PSM, monthly reports, Table 1. Calculated as

fuel ethanol refinery and blender net inputs minus fuel

ethanol adjustments.

Consumption Minus Denaturant 

Calculated as fuel ethanol consumption minus the amount

of denaturant in fuel ethanol consumed. Denaturant in fuel

ethanol consumed is estimated by multiplying denaturant

in fuel ethanol produced by the fuel ethanol consumptionto-production ratio.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 145

International Petroleum

11

Drilling rig, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 11.1a World Crude Oil Production Overview

 (Million Barrels per Day)

World Production, 1973-2009 World Production, Monthly

Selected Producers, 1973-2009 Selected Producers, Monthly

Notes: • OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html.

• The Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Sources: Tables 11.1a and 11.1b.

Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Production from the Neutral Zone 

between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia is included in “Persian Gulf Nations.”

148 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

United 

States

2008 2009 2010

 2008 2009 2010

Non-OPEC

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

20

40

60

80

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20

40

60

80

Non-OPEC

World

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

3

6

9

12

OPEC

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

3

6

9

12

World

Russia United States

Persian Gulf Nations

OPEC

Saudi 

Arabia

China

Persian Gulf Nations

Russia

Iran

China

Saudi Arabia

Iran
Figure 11.1b World Crude Oil Production by Selected Country

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Note: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html.

Sources: Tables 11.1a and 11.1b.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 149

2.568

4.108

0.523

2.546

1.591

9.727

1.259

5.465

1.808

1.980

0.490

4.127

2.425

2.350

1.650

2.410

1.113

8.440

2.415

2.140

2.559

3.824

0.541

2.519

1.850

9.457

1.359

5.281

1.756

1.840

0.491

4.050

2.419

2.350

1.650

2.059

0.910

8.335

2.412

2.240

Canada

China

Egypt

Mexico

Norway

Russia

United Kingdom

United States

Algeria

Angola

Ecuador

Iran

Iraq

Kuwait

Libya

Nigeria

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

United Arab Emirates

Venezuela

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

June 2009

June 2010

Selected Non-OPEC Countries OPEC Countries
150 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 11.1a World Crude Oil Production: OPEC Members

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Algeria Angola Ecuador Iran Iraq Kuwaita Libya Nigeria Qatar

Saudi

Arabiaa

United

Arab

Emirates

VenezuelaTotal 

OPECb

1973 Average .................... 1,097 162 209 5,861 2,018 3,020 2,175 2,054 570 7,596 1,533 3,366 29,661

1975 Average .................... 983 165 161 5,350 2,262 2,084 1,480 1,783 438 7,075 1,664 2,346 25,790

1980 Average .................... 1,106 150 204 1,662 2,514 1,656 1,787 2,055 472 9,900 1,709 2,168 25,383

1985 Average .................... 1,037 231 281 2,250 1,433 1,023 1,059 1,495 301 3,388 1,193 1,677 15,368

1990 Average .................... 1,175 475 285 3,088 2,040 1,175 1,375 1,810 406 6,410 2,117 2,137 22,493

1995 Average .................... 1,202 646 392 3,643 560 2,057 1,390 1,993 442 8,231 2,233 2,750 25,540

1996 Average .................... 1,242 709 396 3,686 579 2,062 1,401 2,001 510 8,218 2,278 2,938 26,018

1997 Average .................... 1,277 714 388 3,664 1,155 2,007 1,446 2,132 550 8,362 2,316 3,280 27,292

1998 Average .................... 1,246 735 375 3,634 2,150 2,085 1,390 2,153 696 8,389 2,345 3,167 28,366

1999 Average .................... 1,202 745 373 3,557 2,508 1,898 1,319 2,130 665 7,833 2,169 2,826 27,224

2000 Average .................... 1,254 746 395 3,696 2,571 2,079 1,410 2,165 737 8,404 2,368 3,155 28,980

2001 Average .................... 1,310 742 412 3,724 2,390 1,998 1,367 2,256 714 8,031 2,205 3,010 28,159

2002 Average .................... 1,306 896 393 3,444 2,023 1,894 1,319 2,118 679 7,634 2,082 2,604 26,392

2003 Average .................... 1,611 903 411 3,743 1,308 2,136 1,421 2,275 715 8,775 2,348 2,335 27,980

2004 Average .................... 1,677 1,052 528 4,001 2,011 2,376 1,515 2,329 783 9,101 2,478 2,557 30,408

2005 Average .................... 1,797 1,250 532 4,139 1,878 2,529 1,633 2,627 835 9,550 2,535 2,565 31,871

2006 Average .................... 1,814 1,413 536 4,028 1,996 2,535 1,681 2,440 850 9,152 2,636 2,511 31,591

2007 Average .................... 1,834 1,744 511 3,912 2,086 2,464 1,702 2,350 851 8,722 2,603 2,433 31,210

2008 January ...................... 1,826 1,992 520 4,000 2,203 2,550 1,790 2,230 892 9,200 2,709 2,440 32,352

 February .................... 1,826 1,997 519 4,000 2,353 2,600 1,790 2,100 916 9,200 2,709 2,440 32,449

 March ......................... 1,825 2,003 508 4,000 2,353 2,600 1,790 2,330 920 9,200 2,710 2,430 32,669

 April ........................... 1,825 2,009 510 4,000 2,353 2,600 1,769 2,130 934 9,100 2,710 2,420 32,361

 May ............................ 1,825 2,015 499 4,000 2,453 2,600 1,745 2,060 938 9,400 2,710 2,410 32,655

 June ........................... 1,824 2,013 495 4,000 2,453 2,607 1,745 2,140 942 9,450 2,710 2,400 32,780

 July ............................ 1,824 2,009 498 4,100 2,505 2,614 1,720 2,120 947 9,700 2,710 2,390 33,138

 August ....................... 1,824 1,937 503 4,100 2,456 2,622 1,645 2,216 951 9,600 2,711 2,380 32,945

 September ................. 1,824 1,871 498 4,100 2,328 2,629 1,745 2,210 955 9,400 2,711 2,370 32,640

 October ...................... 1,824 1,990 497 4,100 2,328 2,629 1,745 2,185 925 9,400 2,661 2,360 32,643

 November .................. 1,824 1,990 502 4,100 2,359 2,486 1,700 2,180 885 8,959 2,561 2,350 31,895

 December .................. 1,824 1,940 508 4,100 2,360 2,493 1,650 2,080 885 8,518 2,561 2,340 31,259

 Average .................... 1,825 1,981 505 4,050 2,375 2,586 1,736 2,165 924 9,261 2,681 2,394 32,483

2009 January ...................... 1,758 1,915 504 4,007 2,212 2,350 1,650 2,192 860 8,113 2,411 2,340 30,312

 February .................... 1,757 1,840 498 3,963 2,313 2,350 1,650 2,162 935 8,068 2,412 2,340 30,288

 March ......................... 1,757 1,840 497 3,970 2,365 2,350 1,650 2,060 910 8,072 2,412 2,340 30,223

 April ........................... 1,757 1,840 495 4,030 2,366 2,350 1,650 2,217 910 8,077 2,412 2,240 30,344

 May ............................ 1,757 1,840 486 4,044 2,418 2,350 1,650 2,212 910 8,081 2,412 2,240 30,399

 June ........................... 1,756 1,840 491 4,050 2,419 2,350 1,650 2,059 910 8,335 2,412 2,240 30,514

 July ............................ 1,806 1,890 483 4,053 2,470 2,350 1,650 2,051 910 8,540 2,413 2,240 30,857

 August ....................... 1,806 1,950 477 4,056 2,472 2,350 1,650 2,193 945 8,440 2,413 2,240 30,992

 September ................. 1,806 1,950 475 4,060 2,473 2,350 1,650 2,240 945 8,340 2,413 2,240 30,942

 October ...................... 1,806 1,990 475 4,063 2,425 2,350 1,650 2,290 951 8,340 2,413 2,240 30,993

 November .................. 1,806 1,990 477 4,067 2,375 2,350 1,650 2,370 962 8,340 2,413 2,140 30,940

 December .................. 1,806 1,990 470 4,076 2,375 2,350 1,650 2,450 974 8,240 2,414 2,040 30,834

 Average .................... 1,782 1,907 486 4,037 2,391 2,350 1,650 2,208 927 8,250 2,413 2,239 30,639

2010 January ...................... 1,810 2,040 463 4,088 2,475 2,350 1,650 2,480 969 8,240 2,414 2,090 31,068

 February .................... 1,809 2,060 469 4,100 2,475 2,350 1,650 2,420 1,036 8,240 2,414 2,140 31,163

 March ......................... 1,809 2,070 479 4,112 2,375 2,350 1,650 2,430 1,055 8,240 2,414 2,090 31,074

 April ........................... 1,809 2,070 477 4,120 2,375 2,350 1,650 2,360 1,072 8,240 2,414 2,110 31,048

 May ............................ 1,809 2,030 479 4,120 2,375 2,350 1,650 2,310 1,091 8,340 2,415 2,140 31,108

 June ........................... 1,808 1,980 490 4,127 2,425 2,350 1,650 2,410 1,113 8,440 2,415 2,140 31,348

 6-Month Average ..... 1,809 2,042 476 4,111 2,416 2,350 1,650 2,402 1,056 8,290 2,414 2,118 31,134

2009 6-Month Average ..... 1,757 1,853 495 4,011 2,349 2,350 1,650 2,150 905 8,124 2,412 2,290 30,347

2008 6-Month Average ..... 1,825 2,005 508 4,000 2,361 2,593 1,771 2,166 924 9,259 2,710 2,423 32,545

a Except for the period from August 1990 through May 1991, includes about

one-half of the production in the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone. Kuwaiti

Neutral Zone output was discontinued following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on

August 2, 1990, but was resumed in June 1991. In June 2010, Neutral Zone

production by both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia totaled about 533 thousand barrels

per day. Data for Saudi Arabia include approximately 150 thousand barrels per

day from the Abu Safah field produced on behalf of Bahrain. 

b See “Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)” in

Glossary. On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or

"Non-OPEC" in all years based on their status in the most current year. For

example, Ecuador rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC"

for all years; and Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in

"Total Non-OPEC" for all years. 

Notes: • Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural

gas plant liquids. • Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not

average to the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the

preliminary monthly data are not available.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 151

Table 11.1b World Crude Oil Production: Persian Gulf Nations, Non-OPEC, 

 and World (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Persian

Gulf

Nationsb

Selected Non-OPECa Producers

Total

NonCanada China Egypt Mexico Norway OPECa World

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

United

Kingdom

United

States

1973 Average .................... 20,668 1,798 1,090 165 465 32 8,324 NA 2 9,208 26,018 55,679

1975 Average .................... 18,934 1,430 1,490 235 705 189 9,523 NA 12 8,375 27,039 52,828

1980 Average .................... 17,961 1,435 2,114 595 1,936 486 11,706 NA 1,622 8,597 34,175 59,558

1985 Average .................... 9,630 1,471 2,505 887 2,745 773 11,585 NA 2,530 8,971 38,598 53,966

1990 Average .................... 15,278 1,553 2,774 873 2,553 1,630 10,975 NA 1,820 7,355 37,999 60,492

1995 Average .................... 17,208 1,805 2,990 920 2,618 2,766 – – 5,995 2,489 6,560 36,845 62,385

1996 Average .................... 17,367 1,837 3,131 922 2,855 3,091 – – 5,850 2,568 6,465 37,733 63,752

1997 Average .................... 18,095 1,922 3,200 856 3,023 3,142 – – 5,920 2,518 6,452 38,452 65,744

1998 Average .................... 19,337 1,981 3,198 834 3,070 3,011 – – 5,854 2,616 6,252 38,599 66,966

1999 Average .................... 18,667 1,907 3,195 852 2,906 3,019 – – 6,079 2,684 5,881 38,698 65,922

2000 Average .................... 19,892 1,977 3,249 768 3,012 3,222 – – 6,479 2,275 5,822 39,515 68,495

2001 Average .................... 19,098 2,029 3,300 720 3,127 3,226 – – 6,917 2,282 5,801 39,940 68,099

2002 Average .................... 17,794 2,171 3,390 715 3,177 3,131 – – 7,408 2,292 5,746 40,766 67,158

2003 Average .................... 19,063 2,306 3,409 713 3,371 3,042 – – 8,132 2,093 5,681 41,452 69,433

2004 Average .................... 20,787 2,398 3,485 673 3,383 2,954 – – 8,805 1,845 5,419 42,068 72,476

2005 Average .................... 21,501 2,369 3,609 658 3,334 2,698 – – 9,043 1,649 5,178 41,848 73,719

2006 Average .................... 21,232 2,525 3,673 633 3,256 2,491 – – 9,247 1,490 5,102 41,838 73,429

2007 Average .................... 20,672 2,628 3,729 637 3,076 2,270 – – 9,437 1,498 5,064 R 41,774 R 72,984

2008 January ...................... 21,588 2,534 3,744 609 2,928 2,209 – – 9,359 1,456 5,100 R 41,526 R 73,878

 February .................... 21,813 2,545 3,747 605 2,909 2,176 – – 9,362 1,491 5,122 R 41,591 R 74,041

 March ......................... 21,818 2,631 3,769 601 2,839 2,209 – – 9,334 1,450 5,151 R 41,544 R 74,213

 April ........................... 21,732 2,516 3,751 597 2,757 2,111 – – 9,296 1,491 5,117 R 41,268 R 73,628

 May ............................ 22,136 2,439 3,811 593 2,791 2,247 – – 9,315 1,485 5,102 R 41,287 R 73,942

 June ........................... 22,197 2,471 3,884 589 2,833 2,002 – – 9,334 1,363 5,098 R 41,180 R 73,960

 July ............................ 22,610 2,650 3,808 576 2,778 2,302 – – 9,344 1,307 5,133 R 41,528 R 74,666

 August ....................... 22,474 2,682 3,774 562 2,759 2,057 – – 9,409 1,099 4,894 R 40,511 R 73,456

 September ................. 22,157 2,562 3,788 563 2,722 2,057 – – 9,406 1,392 3,930 R 39,880 R 72,521

 October ...................... 22,077 2,600 3,850 560 2,757 2,241 – – 9,430 1,352 4,669 R 40,874 R 73,517

 November .................. 21,384 2,683 3,859 557 2,711 2,276 – – 9,359 1,396 5,024 R 41,469 R 73,364

 December .................. 20,952 2,633 3,699 556 2,717 2,287 – – 9,333 1,423 5,056 R 41,311 R 72,570

 Average .................... 21,913 2,579 3,790 581 2,792 2,182 – – 9,357 1,391 4,950 R 41,164 R 73,647

2009 January ...................... 19,989 2,592 3,755 553 2,685 2,195 – – 9,343 1,425 5,154 R 41,238 R 71,550

 February .................... 20,076 2,684 3,733 550 2,663 2,260 – – 9,331 1,449 5,260 R 41,784 R 72,072

 March ......................... 20,114 2,579 3,726 547 2,652 2,238 – – 9,388 1,451 5,227 R 41,649 R 71,873

 April ........................... 20,179 2,459 3,795 547 2,642 2,072 – – 9,459 1,468 5,273 R 41,649 R 71,993

 May ............................ 20,249 2,436 3,775 544 2,609 1,890 – – 9,429 1,390 5,379 R 41,209 R 71,608

 June ........................... 20,511 2,559 3,824 541 2,519 1,850 – – 9,457 1,359 5,281 R 41,282 R 71,796

 July ............................ 20,771 2,667 3,801 538 2,561 2,147 – – 9,476 1,342 5,402 R 41,839 R 72,696

 August ....................... 20,711 2,575 3,844 535 2,542 1,970 – – 9,532 993 5,418 R 41,246 R 72,238

 September ................. 20,616 2,528 3,826 532 2,599 1,923 – – 9,623 1,119 5,547 R 41,711 R 72,653

 October ...................... 20,577 2,594 3,828 529 2,602 2,077 – – 9,629 1,266 5,501 R 42,098 R 73,090

 November .................. 20,542 2,725 3,813 526 2,553 2,123 – – 9,654 1,372 5,427 R 42,216 R 73,155

 December .................. 20,464 2,564 3,863 523 2,593 2,073 – – 9,614 1,310 5,451 R 42,034 R 72,868

 Average .................... 20,402 2,579 3,799 539 2,601 2,067 – – 9,495 1,328 5,361 R 41,661 R 72,300

2010 January ...................... 20,571 2,451 3,968 523 2,615 2,060 – – 9,615 1,371 E 5,433 R 42,050 R 73,118

 February .................... 20,650 2,672 3,938 523 2,610 2,038 – – 9,648 1,284 E 5,465 R 42,364 R 73,527

 March ......................... 20,581 2,526 3,981 523 2,595 1,983 – – 9,683 1,417 E 5,502 R 42,436 R 73,509

 April ........................... 20,607 2,610 3,961 523 2,593 1,967 – – 9,646 1,386 E 5,496 R 42,378 R 73,426

 May ............................ 20,725 2,544 R 4,040 523 2,593 1,921 – – 9,691 1,299 E 5,468 R 42,281 R 73,389

 June ........................... 20,904 2,568 4,108 523 2,546 1,591 – – 9,727 1,259 E 5,465 41,970 73,318

 6-Month Average ..... 20,672 2,560 4,000 523 2,592 1,926 – – 9,669 1,337 E 5,471 42,245 73,379

2009 6-Month Average ..... 20,186 2,550 3,768 547 2,628 2,083 – – 9,402 1,423 5,262 41,463 71,810

2008 6-Month Average ..... 21,880 2,523 3,784 599 2,843 2,160 – – 9,333 1,456 5,115 41,399 73,944

a See “Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)” in Glossary. 

On Tables 11.1a and 11.1b, countries are classified as "OPEC" or "Non-OPEC" in

all years based on their status in the most current year. For example, Ecuador

rejoined OPEC in 2007, and is thus included in "Total OPEC" for all years; and

Indonesia left OPEC at the end of 2008, and is thus included in "Total Non-OPEC"

for all years. b Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and

the Neutral Zone (between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia).

R=Revised. NA=Not available. – – =Not applicable. E=Estimate. 

Notes: • Data are for crude oil and lease condensate; they exclude natural gas

plant liquids. • Monthly data are often preliminary figures and may not average to

the annual totals because of rounding or because updates to the preliminary

monthly data are not available. • Data for countries may not sum to World totals

due to independent rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States and the

District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

(Million Barrels per Day)

Overview, 1973-2009 OECD Total, May

By Selected OECD Country

Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html.

Source: Table 11.2.

152 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

47.307

43.685 44.641

2008 2009 2010

0

20

40

60

World

OECD

United States

OECD Europe

Japan

1.676

2.364

1.411

1.611

2.248

3.838

2.150

18.827

1.669

2.332

1.465

1.614

2.053

3.823

2.128

18.211

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

Canada

Japan

South Korea

United States

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

May 2009

May 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 153

Table 11.2 Petroleum Consumption in OECD Countries

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

France Germanya Italy

United

Kingdom

OECD

Europeb Canada Japan

South

Korea

United

States

Other

OECDc OECDd World

1973 Average .................... 2,601 3,324 2,068 2,341 15,879 1,729 4,949 281 17,308 R 1,768 R 41,913 57,237

1975 Average .................... 2,252 2,957 1,855 1,911 14,314 1,779 4,621 311 16,322 R 1,885 R 39,232 56,198

1980 Average .................... 2,256 3,082 1,934 1,725 14,995 1,873 4,960 537 17,056 R 2,449 R 41,870 63,113

1985 Average .................... 1,753 2,651 1,705 1,617 R 12,770 1,526 4,436 552 15,726 R 2,564 R 37,575 R 60,083

1990 Average .................... 1,826 2,682 1,868 1,776 13,729 1,737 5,315 1,048 16,988 R 2,784 R 41,601 R 66,533

1995 Average .................... 1,920 2,882 1,942 1,816 R 14,714 1,817 5,693 2,008 17,725 R 3,135 R 45,092 R 70,067

1996 Average .................... 1,949 2,922 1,920 1,852 R 14,998 1,871 5,739 2,101 18,309 R 3,206 R 46,224 R 71,665

1997 Average .................... 1,969 2,917 1,934 1,810 15,140 1,959 5,702 2,255 18,620 R 3,322 R 46,999 R 73,436

1998 Average .................... 2,043 2,923 1,943 1,792 15,447 1,949 5,507 1,917 18,917 R 3,443 R 47,180 R 74,079

1999 Average .................... 2,031 2,838 1,891 1,811 15,364 2,036 5,642 2,084 19,519 R 3,512 R 48,157 R 75,791

2000 Average .................... 2,000 2,772 1,854 1,765 15,219 2,035 5,515 2,135 19,701 R 3,591 R 48,197 76,772

2001 Average .................... 2,054 2,815 1,832 1,747 15,393 2,066 5,412 2,132 19,649 R 3,605 R 48,257 77,512

2002 Average .................... 1,985 2,722 1,870 1,739 15,342 2,087 5,319 2,149 19,761 R 3,558 R 48,217 78,160

2003 Average .................... 2,001 2,679 1,860 1,759 15,461 2,217 5,429 2,175 20,034 R 3,598 R 48,913 79,722

2004 Average .................... 2,009 2,665 1,794 1,785 15,531 2,310 5,319 2,155 20,731 R 3,687 R 49,733 82,511

2005 Average .................... 1,991 2,647 1,755 1,823 15,667 2,341 5,328 2,191 20,802 R 3,800 R 50,129 84,105

2006 Average .................... 1,991 2,692 1,743 1,804 15,684 2,253 5,198 2,180 20,687 R 3,816 R 49,818 85,255

2007 Average .................... 1,979 2,468 1,688 1,738 15,452 2,307 5,037 2,241 20,680 R 3,886 R 49,603 86,299

2008 January ...................... 2,049 2,496 1,652 1,726 15,485 2,315 5,410 2,362 20,247 R 3,810 R 49,629 NA

 February .................... 1,980 2,586 1,725 1,837 15,684 2,338 5,926 2,337 20,029 R 3,894 R 50,208 NA

 March ......................... 1,871 2,414 1,579 1,705 14,873 2,237 5,062 2,256 19,831 R 3,748 R 48,006 NA

 April ........................... 1,994 2,527 1,637 1,853 15,656 2,125 5,040 2,088 19,815 R 4,015 R 48,739 NA

 May ............................ 1,840 2,323 1,633 1,651 14,731 2,187 4,494 2,171 19,798 R 3,927 R 47,307 NA

 June ........................... 1,887 2,437 1,631 1,740 15,006 2,232 4,387 1,983 19,678 R 3,789 R 47,075 NA

 July ............................ 1,914 2,649 1,726 1,654 15,517 2,276 4,483 2,017 19,557 R 3,999 R 47,850 NA

 August ....................... 1,845 2,635 1,521 1,607 15,068 2,190 4,220 2,018 19,272 R 3,831 R 46,600 NA

 September ................. 1,983 2,844 1,661 1,753 16,150 2,250 4,337 2,157 17,839 R 3,726 R 46,459 NA

 October ...................... 2,038 2,859 1,657 1,758 15,968 2,285 4,383 2,013 19,698 R 3,694 R 48,041 NA

 November .................. 1,870 2,623 1,554 1,741 14,986 2,261 4,613 2,049 19,052 R 3,628 R 46,588 NA

 December .................. 2,076 2,473 1,622 1,740 15,183 2,208 5,154 2,261 19,142 R 3,891 R 47,840 NA

 Average .................... 1,945 2,572 1,633 1,729 15,356 2,242 4,788 2,142 19,498 R 3,829 R 47,856 85,758

2009 January ...................... 1,990 2,392 1,491 1,744 14,696 2,231 4,850 2,297 19,040 R 3,587 R 46,701 NA

 February .................... 1,998 2,617 1,568 1,698 15,064 2,220 4,721 2,455 18,822 R 3,706 R 46,988 NA

 March ......................... 1,920 2,726 1,506 1,739 14,918 2,154 4,615 2,187 18,719 R 3,673 R 46,265 NA

 April ........................... 1,799 2,478 1,510 1,708 14,453 2,049 4,231 2,209 18,672 R 3,650 R 45,264 NA

 May ............................ 1,669 2,332 1,465 1,614 13,804 2,053 3,823 2,128 18,211 R 3,666 R 43,685 NA

 June ........................... 1,817 2,366 1,525 1,692 14,554 2,142 4,068 2,077 18,828 R 3,776 R 45,444 NA

 July ............................ 1,839 2,411 1,676 1,660 14,687 2,170 4,000 2,005 18,626 R 3,801 R 45,290 NA

 August ....................... 1,577 2,262 1,400 R 1,656 R 13,746 2,157 4,176 2,066 18,949 R 3,770 R 44,864 NA

 September ................. 1,884 2,548 1,580 R 1,674 R 14,971 2,138 4,146 2,034 18,594 R 3,707 R 45,590 NA

 October ...................... 1,845 2,508 1,583 R 1,654 R 14,771 2,103 4,302 2,188 18,803 R 3,822 R 45,989 NA

 November .................. 1,714 2,359 1,484 R 1,637 R 14,133 2,151 4,400 2,227 18,753 R 3,843 R 45,508 NA

 December .................. 1,894 2,298 1,547 R 1,532 R 14,153 2,242 5,089 2,367 19,237 R 3,978 R 47,066 NA

 Average .................... 1,828 2,440 1,528 1,667 14,491 2,151 4,367 2,185 18,771 R 3,749 R 45,714 R 84,335

2010 January ...................... 1,739 2,168 1,328 R 1,582 R 13,339 2,152 4,731 2,342 18,528 R 3,557 R 44,648 NA

 February .................... 1,936 2,452 1,491 R 1,683 R 14,526 R 2,276 4,950 2,362 18,860 R 3,891 R 46,866 NA

 March ......................... 1,896 2,514 1,523 R 1,682 R 14,666 R 2,127 4,690 2,234 19,070 R 3,782 R 46,570 NA

 April ........................... 1,827 2,279 1,478 1,642 14,101 R 2,267 4,324 2,229 18,910 R 3,841 R 45,672 NA

 May ............................ 1,676 2,364 1,411 1,611 13,749 2,248 3,838 2,150 18,827 3,829 44,641 NA

 5-Month Average ..... 1,812 2,354 1,445 1,639 14,067 2,212 4,499 2,261 18,838 3,777 45,656 NA

2009 5-Month Average ..... 1,873 2,507 1,507 1,701 14,578 2,140 4,444 2,252 18,690 3,655 45,760 NA

2008 5-Month Average ..... 1,946 2,467 1,644 1,753 15,278 2,240 5,177 2,242 19,944 3,878 48,759 NA

a Data are for unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West

Germany.

b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,

the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, and the

U.S. Territories.

d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and

"Other OECD."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • U.S. geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of

Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • United States: Table 3.1. • U.S. Territories: 1983

forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy

Database. • East Germany, Former Czechoslavakia, Hungary, Mexico,

Poland, South Korea, Non-OECD Countries, and World: 1973-1979—EIA,

International Energy Database. 1980-1983—EIA, International Energy Annual

2005, August 2007, Table 1.2. • Non-OECD Countries: 1984-2005—EIA,

International Energy Annual 2005, August 2007, Table 1.2. 2006 and 2007—EIA,

Short Term Energy Outlook, May 2008. • World: 1984-2007—Sum of OECD and

Non-OECD Countries. • All Other Data: 1973-1981—International Energy

Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil Statistics and Energy Balances in OECD Countries,

various issues. 1982 and 1983—IEA, Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics Database. 

1984 forward—IEA, Monthly Oil Data Service, August 11, 2010. 
Figure 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

(Billion Barrels)

Overview, End of Year, 1973-2009 OECD Stocks, End of Month, May

By Selected OECD Country, End of Month

Note: OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html.

Source: Table 11.3. 

154 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

OECD Europe

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1

2

3

4

5

4.107

4.295 4.311

2008 2009 2010

0

1

2

3

4

5

OECD

United States

Japan

0.173

0.286

0.131

0.099

0.193

0.599

0.166

1.823

0.176

0.281

0.133

0.092

0.198

0.609

0.149

1.831

France

Germany

Italy

United Kingdom

Canada

Japan

South Korea

United States

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

May 2009

May 2010
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 155

Table 11.3 Petroleum Stocks in OECD Countries

 (Million Barrels)

France Germanya Italy

United

Kingdom

OECD

Europeb Canada Japan

South

Korea

United

States

Other

OECDc OECDd

1973 Year ......................... 201 181 152 156 1,070 140 303 NA 1,008 67 2,588

1975 Year ......................... 225 187 143 165 1,154 174 375 NA 1,133 67 2,903

1980 Year ......................... 243 319 170 168 1,464 164 495 NA 1,392 72 3,587

1985 Year ......................... 139 277 156 131 1,154 112 500 13 1,519 110 3,408

1990 Year ......................... 143 280 143 103 1,188 143 572 64 1,621 117 3,706

1995 Year ......................... 155 302 141 101 1,228 132 631 92 1,563 113 3,758

1996 Year ......................... 154 303 135 103 1,235 127 651 123 1,507 118 3,762

1997 Year ......................... 161 299 129 100 1,246 144 685 124 1,560 115 3,875

1998 Year ......................... 169 323 135 104 1,331 139 649 129 1,647 111 4,006

1999 Year ......................... 160 290 130 101 1,233 142 629 132 1,493 105 3,733

2000 Year ......................... 170 272 140 100 1,294 144 634 140 1,468 117 3,796

2001 Year ......................... 165 273 134 113 1,281 156 634 143 1,586 112 3,912

2002 Year ......................... 170 253 138 104 1,247 157 615 140 1,548 103 3,811

2003 Year ......................... 179 273 135 100 1,290 170 636 155 1,568 96 3,914

2004 Year ......................... 177 267 136 101 1,292 160 635 149 1,645 99 3,980

2005 Year ......................... 185 283 132 95 1,342 178 612 135 1,698 103 4,068

2006 Year ......................... 182 283 133 103 1,374 181 631 152 1,720 103 4,161

2007 Year ......................... 180 275 133 90 1,358 194 621 143 1,665 108 4,090

2008 January .................... 182 281 136 95 1,381 195 621 155 1,677 110 4,139

 February .................. 176 276 129 95 1,355 193 605 149 1,664 114 4,080

 March ....................... 177 281 131 100 1,384 193 610 143 1,655 111 4,096

 April ......................... 173 279 134 98 1,366 191 610 141 1,666 106 4,081

 May .......................... 177 277 136 99 1,370 193 617 146 1,674 108 4,107

 June ......................... 177 273 137 99 1,368 193 619 147 1,686 110 4,122

 July .......................... 179 274 135 95 1,386 197 627 153 1,698 105 4,166

 August ..................... 176 276 131 96 1,380 202 643 150 1,711 106 4,191

 September ............... 177 274 130 95 1,366 202 646 141 1,704 117 4,176

 October .................... 179 270 129 93 1,362 202 648 138 1,711 122 4,183

 November ................ 179 275 127 96 1,378 200 641 139 1,732 117 4,208

 December ............... 179 277 128 99 1,405 194 630 135 1,737 113 4,214

2009 January .................... 179 280 136 100 R 1,411 196 618 149 1,766 114 R 4,253

 February .................. 178 279 128 98 1,408 196 619 157 1,777 108 4,265

 March ....................... 178 278 131 100 1,412 198 611 155 1,803 109 4,288

 April ......................... 173 279 132 98 1,402 199 606 152 1,816 114 4,289

 May .......................... 176 281 133 92 1,396 198 609 149 1,831 112 4,295

 June ......................... 173 280 129 92 1,396 198 611 149 1,844 110 4,309

 July .......................... 174 277 127 97 1,390 202 607 157 1,850 108 4,314

 August ..................... 178 284 130 96 1,410 201 610 160 1,834 111 R 4,326

 September ............... 174 277 129 94 1,398 195 607 167 1,848 117 4,332

 October .................... 173 278 130 96 1,379 198 604 167 1,825 109 4,283

 November ................ 179 286 130 96 R 1,408 198 606 162 1,814 109 4,297

 December ............... 175 284 126 94 1,399 193 589 155 1,776 105 4,217

2010 January .................... 182 294 127 95 R 1,437 196 593 162 1,781 111 4,281

 February .................. 175 290 134 98 1,422 R 193 587 163 1,779 117 R 4,261

 March ....................... 172 288 129 R 92 R 1,402 R 197 581 164 1,779 114 R 4,237

 April ......................... 172 285 135 95 R 1,415 R 196 590 166 1,804 111 R 4,282

 May .......................... 173 286 131 99 1,421 193 599 166 1,823 108 4,311

a Through December 1983, the data for Germany are for the former West

Germany only. Beginning with January 1984, the data for Germany are for the

unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

b "OECD Europe" consists of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,

Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, and, for

1984 forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia.

c "Other OECD" consists of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. Territories,

and, for 1984 forward, Mexico.

d The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

consists of "OECD Europe," Canada, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and

"Other OECD."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Stocks are at end of period. • Petroleum stocks include crude oil

(including strategic reserves), unfinished oils, natural gas plant liquids, and refined

products. • In the United States in January 1975, 1981, and 1983, numerous

respondents were added to bulk terminal and pipeline surveys, thereby affecting

subsequent stocks reported. New-basis end-of-year U.S. stocks, in million barrels,

would have been 1,121 in 1974, 1,425 in 1980, and 1,461 in 1982. • Totals may

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. • U.S. geographic

coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/inter.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: • United States: Table 3.4. • U.S. Territories: 1983

forward—U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Database.

• All Other Data: 1973-1982—International Energy Agency (IEA), Quarterly Oil

Statistics and Energy Balances, various issues. 1983—IEA, Monthly Oil and Gas

Statistics Database. 1984 forward—IEA, Monthly Oil Data Service, August 11,

2010. 
International Petroleum

Tables 11.1a and 11.1b Sources

United States

Table 3.1.

All Other Countries and World, Annual Data

1973–1979: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),

International Energy Annual 1981, Table 8. 

1980 forward: EIA, Office of Energy Markets and End Use

(EMEU), International Energy Database, September 2010.

All Other Countries and World, Monthly Data

1973–1980: Petroleum Intelligence Weekly (PIW), Oil &

Gas Journal (OGJ), and EIA adjustments.

1981–1993: PIW, OGJ, and other industry sources.

1994 forward: EIA, International Petroleum Monthly, and

EMEU, International Energy Database, September 2010.

156 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
. 

Environment

12

“Harpers Ferry, Junction of the Rivers Shenandoah and Potomac.” Engraving by W. Goodacre and James

Archer, published in The History and Topography of the United States of North America, by John Howard

Hinton, 1852. From the collection of the National Park Service, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park,

Accession #1297.
Figure 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Total, 1973-2009 Total, Monthly

By Source, 1973-2009 By Source, Monthly

Total, January-June By Source, June 2010

a

 Includes coal coke net imports.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html.

Source: Table 12.1.

158 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Natural Gas

195

174

88

Petroleum

Coal

Natural Gas

0 50 100 150 200 250 0

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

100

200

300

Coala

Petroleum

a

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J A SOND

0

200

400

600

800

2008 2009 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

Petroleum

Coala

Natural

Gas

2008 2009 2010

2,958

2,710 2,785

2008 2009 2010

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 159

Table 12.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Source

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)

Coalb

Natural

Gasc

Petroleum

Totalh

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oild

Jet

Fuel

Kerosene LPGeLubricantsMotor

Gasolinef

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Otherg Total

1973 Total .................... 1,207 1,181 6 480 155 32 91 13 911 51 508 100 2,346 4,733

1975 Total .................... 1,181 1,047 5 443 146 24 82 11 911 48 443 97 2,209 4,437

1980 Total .................... 1,436 1,063 4 446 156 24 87 13 900 46 453 142 2,272 4,770

1985 Total .................... 1,638 926 3 445 178 17 86 12 930 55 216 93 2,035 4,600

1990 Total .................... 1,803 1,025 3 470 223 6 69 13 987 67 220 127 2,186 5,020

1995 Total .................... 1,900 1,184 3 498 222 8 78 13 1,045 75 152 114 2,208 5,302

1996 Total .................... 1,982 1,205 3 524 232 9 84 12 1,063 78 152 132 2,290 5,488

1997 Total .................... 2,027 1,211 3 534 234 10 85 13 1,075 79 142 138 2,313 5,562

1998 Total .................... 2,050 1,189 2 538 238 12 75 14 1,105 89 158 125 2,356 5,605

1999 Total .................... 2,046 1,192 3 555 245 11 91 14 1,128 93 148 130 2,417 5,665

2000 Total .................... 2,138 1,241 3 580 254 10 102 14 1,136 84 163 117 2,461 5,850

2001 Total .................... 2,074 1,187 2 598 243 11 92 13 1,151 88 145 132 2,473 5,745

2002 Total .................... 2,077 1,229 2 587 237 6 98 12 1,181 94 125 127 2,470 5,790

2003 Total .................... 2,116 1,191 2 610 231 8 95 11 1,187 94 138 140 2,517 5,835

2004 Total .................... 2,140 1,194 2 632 240 10 98 12 1,210 105 155 142 2,605 5,952

2005 Total .................... 2,161 1,175 2 640 246 10 94 12 1,212 105 164 141 2,626 5,973

2006 Total .................... 2,130 1,157 2 648 240 8 93 11 1,216 104 122 150 2,595 5,894

2007 Total .................... 2,155 1,235 2 652 238 5 94 12 1,212 98 128 148 2,588 5,990

2008 January ................ 192 147 (s) 55 20 (s) 10 1 97 8 10 12 214 553

 February .............. 177 134 (s) 53 18 (s) 9 1 91 7 8 12 198 510

 March ................... 171 122 (s) 55 19 (s) 8 1 100 8 9 10 210 504

 April ..................... 159 97 (s) 52 20 (s) 7 1 96 8 10 11 205 462

 May ...................... 166 84 (s) 52 20 (s) 6 1 101 8 10 11 209 460

 June ..................... 182 85 (s) 48 20 (s) 7 1 96 7 10 10 199 468

 July ...................... 198 91 (s) 49 20 (s) 7 1 100 9 10 9 205 495

 August ................. 193 90 (s) 48 20 (s) 7 1 100 8 8 9 201 485

 September ........... 174 78 (s) 48 18 (s) 5 1 89 6 8 10 184 437

 October ................ 165 87 (s) 55 18 (s) 7 1 98 8 9 12 209 461

 November ............ 165 99 (s) 49 17 (s) 7 1 94 7 8 12 195 460

 December ............ 179 128 (s) 50 17 1 8 1 97 8 11 12 206 514

 Total .................... 2,122 1,241 2 615 226 2 89 11 1,159 92 110 130 2,435 5,810

2009 January ................ 180 145 (s) 54 16 1 9 1 94 7 11 12 205 531

 February .............. 150 124 (s) 46 15 (s) 8 1 87 6 6 10 180 455

 March ................... 146 R 116 (s) 49 18 (s) 8 1 97 7 9 9 198 R 461

 April ..................... 135 93 (s) 44 17 (s) 6 1 95 8 10 9 191 419

 May ...................... 141 80 (s) 45 17 (s) 6 1 99 8 7 9 192 414

 June ..................... 157 82 (s) 45 17 (s) 6 1 96 9 8 8 191 430

 July ...................... 167 88 (s) 45 19 (s) 6 1 100 6 5 11 193 449

 August ................. 171 R 93 (s) 45 18 (s) 7 1 101 7 7 9 196 460

 September ........... 148 84 (s) 45 17 (s) 7 1 93 8 5 11 187 419

 October ................ 150 88 (s) 48 17 (s) 8 1 97 6 7 10 194 434

 November ............ 147 94 (s) 46 16 (s) 9 1 93 6 6 8 186 429

 December ............ 175 133 (s) 51 17 (s) 10 1 96 6 9 9 200 509

 Total .................... 1,867 1,220 2 564 204 3 90 10 1,150 84 91 115 2,312 5,411

2010 January ................ 180 152 (s) 48 17 (s) 10 1 92 5 9 10 192 525

 February .............. 161 135 (s) 46 15 (s) 9 1 84 5 7 10 177 474

 March ................... 155 115 (s) 51 18 (s) 8 1 94 7 8 11 199 471

 April ..................... R 137 91 (s) 47 17 (s) 6 1 95 6 8 12 193 R 421

 May ...................... R 153 86 (s) 48 18 (s) 6 1 99 6 8 11 197 R 437

 June ..................... 174 88 (s) 48 18 (s) 6 1 96 7 7 11 195 457

 6-Month Total ..... 961 667 1 288 103 1 45 5 561 36 48 63 1,151 2,785

2009 6-Month Total ..... 908 640 1 283 100 2 42 5 569 46 51 58 1,156 2,710

2008 6-Month Total ..... 1,048 668 1 315 116 1 47 6 582 46 57 66 1,236 2,958

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

b Includes coal coke net imports. c Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. d Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. e Liquefied petroleum gases.

f Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.

g Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending

components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,

unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

h Includes electric power sector use of geothermal energy and non-biomass

waste. See Table 12.6.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at

end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of

Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," and Note 2, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)

Total by End-Use Sector,a

 1973-2009 Residential Sector by Major Source, 1973-2009

Commercial Sector by Major Source, 1973-2009 Industrial Sector by Major Source, 1973-2009

Transportation Sector by Major Source, 1973-2009 Electric Power Sector by Major Source, 1973-2009

160 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

250

500

750

1,000

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Retail Electricitya

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

Commercial

Retail Electricitya

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

250

500

750

1,000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

250

500

750

1,000

Retail Electricitya

Coal

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Natural Gas

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Base Gas

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Petroleum

Petroleum Coal

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Natural Gas

a

 Emissions from energy consumption in the electric power sector are

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of

total electricity retail sales.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html.

Sources: Table 12.2-12.6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 161

Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Residential Sector

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)

Coal

Natural

Gasb

Petroleum

Retail

Electricitye TotalDistillate

Fuel Oilc Kerosene LPGd Total

1973 Total .......................... 9 264 147 16 35 198 435 906

1975 Total .......................... 6 266 132 12 31 175 419 866

1980 Total .......................... 3 256 96 8 19 123 529 911

1985 Total .......................... 4 241 80 11 19 110 553 907

1990 Total .......................... 3 238 72 5 21 97 618 957

1995 Total .......................... 2 263 66 5 24 95 674 1,034

1996 Total .......................... 2 284 68 6 28 102 705 1,093

1997 Total .......................... 2 270 64 7 27 98 715 1,084

1998 Total .......................... 1 247 56 8 25 89 754 1,091

1999 Total .......................... 1 257 61 8 31 100 757 1,114

2000 Total .......................... 1 271 66 7 33 106 799 1,177

2001 Total .......................... 1 259 66 7 31 105 800 1,165

2002 Total .......................... 1 266 63 4 32 99 829 1,195

2003 Total .......................... 1 276 66 5 32 104 840 1,221

2004 Total .......................... 1 264 68 6 30 104 849 1,219

2005 Total .......................... 1 262 62 6 31 99 890 1,252

2006 Total .......................... 1 237 52 5 26 83 863 1,184

2007 Total .......................... 1 257 53 3 29 85 891 1,234

2008 January ...................... (s) 48 7 (s) 3 10 86 144

 February .................... (s) 44 7 (s) 3 10 74 128

 March ......................... (s) 36 5 (s) 3 8 67 111

 April ........................... (s) 21 4 (s) 3 6 57 85

 May ............................ (s) 12 3 (s) 3 5 58 76

 June ........................... (s) 8 3 (s) 3 6 77 90

 July ............................ (s) 6 3 (s) 3 6 92 104

 August ....................... (s) 6 3 (s) 3 5 88 100

 September ................. (s) 6 3 (s) 2 5 72 83

 October ...................... (s) 12 3 (s) 3 6 60 78

 November .................. (s) 23 4 (s) 3 7 62 92

 December .................. (s) 42 6 (s) 3 9 80 131

 Total .......................... 1 265 49 2 33 83 871 1,220

2009 January ...................... (s) 51 6 (s) 3 9 85 146

 February .................... (s) 41 5 (s) 3 8 67 116

 March ......................... (s) 32 5 (s) 3 8 62 102

 April ........................... (s) 21 4 (s) 3 6 53 80

 May ............................ (s) 11 3 (s) 2 5 56 72

 June ........................... (s) 8 2 (s) 2 5 70 82

 July ............................ (s) 6 3 (s) 3 5 83 95

 August ....................... (s) 6 3 (s) 3 6 85 97

 September ................. (s) 6 3 (s) 3 6 66 79

 October ...................... (s) 14 3 (s) 3 6 59 79

 November .................. (s) 20 3 (s) 3 7 57 84

 December .................. (s) 41 5 (s) 4 9 78 129

 Total .......................... 1 259 45 2 34 80 820 1,160

2010 January ...................... (s) 52 5 (s) 4 8 90 151

 February .................... (s) 45 4 (s) 3 8 73 126

 March ......................... (s) 33 3 (s) 3 6 65 104

 April ........................... (s) 18 2 (s) 2 4 51 73

 May ............................ (s) 11 2 (s) 3 5 59 75

 June ........................... (s) 7 2 (s) 2 5 79 92

 6-Month Total ........... (s) 166 19 1 17 36 417 620

2009 6-Month Total ........... (s) 164 24 1 16 41 393 599

2008 6-Month Total ........... (s) 169 28 1 17 46 418 634

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. d Liquefied petroleum gases. e Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of

useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use

sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See

Tables 7.6 and 12.6.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at

end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of

Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," and Note 2, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
162 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Commercial Sector

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)

Coal

Natural

Gasb

Petroleum

Retail

Electricityf TotalDistillate

Fuel Oilc Kerosene LPGd

Motor

Gasolinee

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

1973 Total ........................ 15 141 47 5 9 6 NA 52 119 334 609

1975 Total ........................ 14 136 43 4 8 6 NA 39 99 333 583

1980 Total ........................ 11 141 38 3 5 8 NA 44 98 412 662

1985 Total ........................ 13 132 46 2 6 7 NA 18 79 480 704

1990 Total ........................ 12 142 39 1 6 8 0 18 72 561 787

1995 Total ........................ 11 164 35 2 6 1 (s) 11 56 616 847

1996 Total ........................ 12 171 35 2 7 2 (s) 11 57 639 878

1997 Total ........................ 12 174 32 2 7 3 (s) 9 53 682 922

1998 Total ........................ 9 164 31 2 7 3 (s) 7 50 719 942

1999 Total ........................ 10 165 32 2 8 2 (s) 6 50 729 955

2000 Total ........................ 9 173 36 2 9 3 (s) 7 57 777 1,016

2001 Total ........................ 9 164 37 2 8 3 (s) 6 56 792 1,022

2002 Total ........................ 9 171 32 1 8 3 (s) 6 51 789 1,020

2003 Total ........................ 8 173 35 1 9 4 (s) 9 59 789 1,029

2004 Total ........................ 10 170 34 1 9 3 (s) 10 58 809 1,046

2005 Total ........................ 9 163 33 2 8 3 (s) 9 54 835 1,062

2006 Total ........................ 6 154 29 1 7 3 (s) 6 47 830 1,037

2007 Total ........................ 7 164 28 1 7 4 (s) 6 46 855 1,072

2008 January .................... 1 26 4 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 6 70 103

 February .................. 1 25 4 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 6 65 96

 March ....................... 1 21 3 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 5 65 90

 April ......................... (s) 14 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 4 63 81

 May .......................... (s) 10 2 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 67 81

 June ......................... 1 7 2 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 76 86

 July .......................... (s) 7 2 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 82 92

 August ..................... (s) 7 1 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 79 89

 September ............... (s) 7 1 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 3 72 82

 October .................... 1 10 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 3 70 83

 November ................ 1 15 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 4 66 85

 December ................ 1 23 3 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 5 68 97

 Total ........................ 7 170 27 (s) 9 3 (s) 6 46 844 1,066

2009 January .................... 1 28 3 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 5 70 103

 February .................. 1 23 3 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 4 59 87

 March ....................... 1 19 3 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 4 61 85

 April ......................... (s) 13 2 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 59 76

 May .......................... (s) 9 1 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 63 75

 June ......................... (s) 7 1 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 71 81

 July .......................... (s) 7 2 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 74 84

 August ..................... (s) 7 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 3 77 87

 September ............... (s) 7 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 3 67 78

 October .................... (s) 11 2 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 66 80

 November ................ 1 14 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 3 61 79

 December ................ 1 23 3 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 5 69 98

 Total ........................ 6 R 169 25 (s) 10 3 (s) 5 43 796 R 1,014

2010 January .................... 1 28 3 (s) 1 (s) (s) 1 4 67 100

 February .................. 1 25 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 4 61 90

 March ....................... 1 19 2 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 3 60 82

 April ......................... (s) 12 1 (s) 1 (s) (s) (s) 2 58 73

 May .......................... (s) 9 1 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 2 66 78

 June ......................... (s) 7 1 (s) 1 (s) 0 (s) 3 75 85

 6-Month Total ......... 3 100 10 (s) 5 1 (s) 2 19 387 509

2009 6-Month Total ......... 3 100 14 (s) 5 2 (s) 3 23 382 507

2008 6-Month Total ......... 3 102 15 (s) 5 2 (s) 3 25 406 537

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. d Liquefied petroleum gases. e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.

f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of

useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use

sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See

Tables 7.6 and 12.6.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at

end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of

Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," and Note 2, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 163

Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Industrial Sector

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)

Coal

Coal

Coke

Net

Imports

Natural

Gasb

Petroleum

Retail

Electricityg Total

Distillate

Fuel Oilc

Kerosene LPGdLubricantsMotor

Gasolinee

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Otherf Total

1973 Total .................... 371 -1 538 106 11 44 7 18 49 144 100 480 515 1,903

1975 Total .................... 336 2 442 97 9 40 6 16 48 117 97 429 490 1,697

1980 Total .................... 289 -4 431 96 13 62 7 11 45 105 142 481 601 1,798

1985 Total .................... 256 -2 360 81 3 60 6 15 54 57 93 370 583 1,567

1990 Total .................... 257 1 432 84 1 41 7 13 64 31 127 367 633 1,690

1995 Total .................... 231 7 490 82 1 47 7 14 67 24 114 357 655 1,740

1996 Total .................... 226 3 506 86 1 48 6 14 70 24 132 383 673 1,792

1997 Total .................... 223 5 506 88 1 50 7 15 68 21 138 388 690 1,812

1998 Total .................... 218 8 495 88 2 41 7 14 77 16 125 370 701 1,792

1999 Total .................... 207 7 474 86 1 51 7 11 81 14 130 381 699 1,768

2000 Total .................... 210 7 481 87 1 59 7 11 74 17 117 373 713 1,785

2001 Total .................... 204 3 439 95 2 51 6 21 77 14 132 398 663 1,707

2002 Total .................... 188 7 449 88 1 57 6 22 76 13 127 390 649 1,683

2003 Total .................... 190 6 430 83 2 52 6 23 76 15 140 397 666 1,689

2004 Total .................... 191 16 432 88 2 58 6 26 82 17 142 421 669 1,728

2005 Total .................... 182 5 398 92 3 54 6 25 80 20 141 419 667 1,671

2006 Total .................... 178 7 394 92 2 58 6 26 82 16 150 432 646 1,658

2007 Total .................... 174 3 407 92 1 57 6 21 80 13 148 417 658 1,658

2008 January ................ 14 (s) 39 10 (s) 5 (s) 1 7 1 12 38 54 145

 February .............. 14 (s) 37 10 (s) 5 (s) 1 5 1 12 34 51 136

 March ................... 14 1 37 10 (s) 4 1 1 7 1 10 34 52 138

 April ..................... 14 1 34 9 (s) 3 1 1 7 1 11 32 52 133

 May ...................... 14 (s) 33 8 (s) 3 1 1 6 1 11 32 55 135

 June ..................... 14 1 32 5 (s) 3 (s) 1 6 1 10 28 55 130

 July ...................... 14 1 33 5 (s) 4 (s) 1 8 1 9 28 56 132

 August ................. 14 (s) 33 5 (s) 4 1 1 7 1 9 26 56 130

 September ........... 14 (s) 29 6 (s) 3 (s) 1 4 1 10 26 52 121

 October ................ 15 (s) 33 10 (s) 4 1 1 6 1 12 36 53 136

 November ............ 13 (s) 33 8 (s) 4 (s) 1 6 1 12 32 51 130

 December ............ 12 (s) 34 5 (s) 4 (s) 1 7 1 12 33 48 127

 Total .................... 167 5 407 92 (s) 45 6 17 76 13 130 378 637 1,594

2009 January ................ 12 (s) 35 12 (s) 5 (s) 1 6 1 12 37 45 129

 February .............. 12 (s) 32 8 (s) 4 (s) 1 5 1 10 30 40 114

 March ................... 12 (s) 33 8 (s) 4 (s) 1 6 1 9 30 41 116

 April ..................... 10 (s) 31 5 (s) 3 (s) 1 7 1 9 27 41 108

 May ...................... 10 (s) 30 6 (s) 3 (s) 1 7 1 9 28 43 110

 June ..................... 10 (s) 29 6 (s) 3 (s) 1 7 1 8 27 44 110

 July ...................... 10 (s) 30 4 (s) 3 (s) 1 5 1 11 25 45 110

 August ................. 10 (s) 31 4 (s) 3 (s) 1 6 1 9 26 48 115

 September ........... 11 (s) 30 6 (s) 3 (s) 1 6 1 11 28 44 113

 October ................ 11 (s) 32 8 (s) 4 (s) 1 5 1 10 29 46 118

 November ............ 11 (s) 33 8 (s) 5 (s) 1 5 1 8 28 45 117

 December ............ 11 (s) 36 9 (s) 5 (s) 1 5 1 9 32 47 126

 Total .................... 130 -3 383 84 (s) 44 5 17 70 11 115 347 531 R 1,388

2010 January ................ 12 (s) 38 9 (s) 5 (s) 1 3 1 10 30 44 123

 February .............. 12 (s) 35 9 (s) 4 (s) 1 4 1 10 30 42 120

 March ................... 13 (s) 36 11 (s) 4 (s) 1 6 1 11 35 44 128

 April ..................... R 12 (s) 33 9 (s) 3 (s) 1 5 1 12 32 44 R 121

 May ...................... R 12 (s) 33 8 (s) 3 1 1 4 1 11 29 49 R 124

 June ..................... 12 (s) 32 8 (s) 3 1 1 5 1 10 29 50 123

 6-Month Total ..... 74 1 206 55 (s) 22 3 8 28 6 63 185 273 739

2009 6-Month Total ..... 65 -1 190 45 (s) 20 2 8 38 7 58 179 255 688

2008 6-Month Total ..... 85 4 212 53 (s) 23 3 8 38 7 66 198 320 818

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. d Liquefied petroleum gases. e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.

f Aviation gasoline blending components, crude oil, motor gasoline blending

components, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, still gas,

unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

g Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of

useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use

sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See

Tables 7.6 and 12.6.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons and greater than -0.5 million

metric tons. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at

end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of

Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," and Note 2, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
164 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table 12.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Transportation Sector

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)

Coal

Natural

Gasb

Petroleum

Retail

Electricityf Total

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oilc

Jet

Fuel LPGd

LubricantsMotor

Gasolinee

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

1973 Total ........................ (s) 39 6 163 152 3 6 886 57 1,273 2 1,315

1975 Total ........................ (s) 32 5 155 145 3 6 889 56 1,258 2 1,291

1980 Total ........................ g ( ) 34 4 204 155 1 6 881 110 1,363 2 1,400

1985 Total ........................ g ( ) 28 3 232 178 2 6 908 62 1,391 3 1,421

1990 Total ........................ g ( ) 36 3 268 223 1 7 966 80 1,548 3 1,587

1995 Total ........................ g ( ) 38 3 307 222 1 6 1,030 72 1,640 3 1,682

1996 Total ........................ g ( ) 39 3 327 232 1 6 1,047 67 1,683 3 1,725

1997 Total ........................ g ( ) 41 3 342 234 1 6 1,057 56 1,699 3 1,744

1998 Total ........................ g ( ) 35 2 352 238 1 7 1,088 53 1,741 3 1,780

1999 Total ........................ g ( ) 36 3 366 245 1 7 1,115 52 1,789 3 1,828

2000 Total ........................ g ( ) 36 3 378 254 1 7 1,122 70 1,833 4 1,873

2001 Total ........................ g ( ) 35 2 387 243 1 6 1,127 46 1,813 4 1,851

2002 Total ........................ g ( ) 37 2 394 237 1 6 1,156 53 1,850 4 1,891

2003 Total ........................ g ( ) 33 2 414 231 1 6 1,160 45 1,859 4 1,897

2004 Total ........................ g ( ) 32 2 434 240 1 6 1,181 58 1,922 5 1,959

2005 Total ........................ g ( ) 33 2 444 246 2 6 1,184 66 1,951 5 1,989

2006 Total ........................ g ( ) 33 2 469 240 2 5 1,187 71 1,976 5 2,014

2007 Total ........................ g ( ) 35 2 472 238 1 6 1,187 78 1,985 5 2,025

2008 January .................... g ( ) 4 (s) 34 20 (s) (s) 95 7 156 (s) 161

 February .................. g ( ) 4 (s) 32 18 (s) (s) 89 5 145 (s) 150

 March ....................... g ( ) 4 (s) 37 19 (s) (s) 98 6 161 (s) 165

 April ......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 37 20 (s) (s) 95 7 160 (s) 163

 May .......................... g ( ) 2 (s) 39 20 (s) (s) 100 7 166 (s) 169

 June ......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 38 20 (s) (s) 95 6 159 (s) 162

 July .......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 39 20 (s) (s) 98 7 164 (s) 167

 August ..................... g ( ) 3 (s) 39 20 (s) 1 98 5 163 (s) 166

 September ............... g ( ) 2 (s) 37 18 (s) (s) 88 4 147 (s) 150

 October .................... g ( ) 3 (s) 40 18 (s) (s) 96 6 161 (s) 164

 November ................ g ( ) 3 (s) 36 17 (s) (s) 92 5 151 (s) 154

 December ................ g ( ) 4 (s) 35 17 (s) (s) 95 7 155 (s) 160

 Total ........................ g ( ) 37 2 442 226 2 5 1,139 72 1,889 5 1,930

2009 January .................... g ( ) 4 (s) 32 16 (s) (s) 92 7 148 (s) 153

 February .................. g ( ) 4 (s) 29 15 (s) (s) 86 4 135 (s) 139

 March ....................... g ( ) 3 (s) 33 18 (s) (s) 96 6 153 (s) 157

 April ......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 33 17 (s) (s) 93 7 152 (s) 155

 May .......................... g ( ) 2 (s) 35 17 (s) (s) 97 4 153 (s) 156

 June ......................... g ( ) 2 (s) 35 17 (s) (s) 95 6 153 (s) 156

 July .......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 36 19 (s) (s) 99 3 157 (s) 160

 August ..................... g ( ) 3 (s) 36 18 (s) (s) 99 4 158 (s) 161

 September ............... g ( ) 3 (s) 34 17 (s) (s) 92 3 147 (s) 150

 October .................... g ( ) 3 (s) 35 17 (s) (s) 95 5 154 (s) 157

 November ................ g ( ) 3 (s) 33 16 (s) (s) 91 5 146 (s) 149

 December ................ g ( ) 4 (s) 34 17 (s) (s) 95 6 153 (s) 157

 Total ........................ g ( ) 36 2 405 204 2 5 1,130 60 1,808 5 1,849

2010 January .................... g ( ) 4 (s) 31 17 (s) (s) 90 6 145 (s) 150

 February .................. g ( ) 4 (s) 30 15 (s) (s) 83 5 133 (s) 138

 March ....................... g ( ) 3 (s) 35 18 (s) (s) 93 6 153 (s) 156

 April ......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 35 17 (s) (s) 93 6 152 (s) 155

 May .......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 36 18 (s) (s) 98 6 157 (s) 160

 June ......................... g ( ) 3 (s) 36 18 (s) 1 95 5 154 (s) 157

 6-Month Total ......... g ( ) 20 1 201 103 1 3 551 34 894 2 917

2009 6-Month Total ......... g ( ) 19 1 197 100 1 2 559 34 894 2 916

2008 6-Month Total ......... g ( ) 20 1 217 116 1 3 572 38 947 2 969

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. d Liquefied petroleum gases. e Finished motor gasoline, excluding fuel ethanol.

f Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of

useful thermal output) in the electric power sector are allocated to the end-use

sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See

Tables 7.6 and 12.6.

g Beginning in 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are

reported as industrial sector consumption.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at

end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of

Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," and Note 2, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 165

Table 12.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxidea)

Coal

Natural

Gasb

Petroleum

Geothermal

NonBiomass

Wasted Total

Distillate

Fuel Oilc

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

1973 Total ............................ 812 199 20 2 254 276 NA NA 1,286

1975 Total ............................ 824 172 17 (s) 231 248 NA NA 1,244

1980 Total ............................ 1,137 200 12 1 194 207 NA NA 1,544

1985 Total ............................ 1,367 166 6 1 79 86 NA NA 1,619

1990 Total ............................ 1,531 176 7 3 92 102 (s) 6 1,815

1995 Total ............................ 1,649 228 8 8 45 61 (s) 10 1,948

1996 Total ............................ 1,740 205 8 8 50 66 (s) 10 2,020

1997 Total ............................ 1,785 219 8 10 56 75 (s) 10 2,090

1998 Total ............................ 1,815 248 10 13 82 105 (s) 10 2,178

1999 Total ............................ 1,821 260 10 11 76 97 (s) 10 2,189

2000 Total ............................ 1,911 281 13 10 69 91 (s) 10 2,294

2001 Total ............................ 1,856 290 12 11 79 102 (s) 11 2,259

2002 Total ............................ 1,872 306 9 18 52 79 (s) 13 2,271

2003 Total ............................ 1,911 278 12 18 69 98 (s) 11 2,299

2004 Total ............................ 1,923 297 8 23 69 100 (s) 11 2,331

2005 Total ............................ 1,964 319 8 25 69 102 (s) 11 2,397

2006 Total ............................ 1,938 338 5 22 28 56 (s) 12 2,344

2007 Total ............................ 1,971 372 7 17 31 55 (s) 11 2,409

2008 January ........................ 176 29 1 1 2 4 (s) 1 210

 February ...................... 162 24 1 1 1 3 (s) 1 190

 March ........................... 155 25 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 184

 April ............................. 143 26 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 173

 May .............................. 151 26 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 181

 June ............................. 167 36 1 1 2 4 (s) 1 208

 July .............................. 183 42 (s) 1 2 4 (s) 1 230

 August ......................... 178 41 (s) 1 2 3 (s) 1 224

 September ................... 159 33 (s) 1 2 4 (s) 1 197

 October ........................ 149 30 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 183

 November .................... 151 25 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 180

 December .................... 167 26 1 1 2 4 (s) 1 197

 Total ............................ 1,943 362 5 16 19 40 (s) 12 2,357

2009 January ........................ 168 26 1 1 3 5 (s) 1 201

 February ...................... 138 24 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 166

 March ........................... 133 27 1 1 1 3 (s) 1 165

 April ............................. 124 25 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 152

 May .............................. 130 28 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 163

 June ............................. 146 35 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 185

 July .............................. 156 42 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 203

 August ......................... 161 46 (s) 1 2 3 (s) 1 210

 September ................... 137 37 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 178

 October ........................ 139 29 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 171

 November .................... 136 25 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 163

 December .................... 164 28 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 195

 Total ............................ 1,733 373 5 14 14 34 (s) 12 2,152

2010 January ........................ 168 29 1 1 1 4 (s) 1 202

 February ...................... 148 26 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 177

 March ........................... 141 25 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 169

 April ............................. 124 26 (s) 1 1 2 (s) 1 153

 May .............................. 140 31 (s) 1 1 3 (s) 1 175

 June ............................. 161 39 1 1 2 4 (s) 1 204

 6-Month Total ............. 883 175 3 8 6 16 (s) 6 1,080

2009 6-Month Total ............. 841 166 3 8 8 19 (s) 6 1,032

2008 6-Month Total ............. 955 165 3 8 9 20 (s) 6 1,146

a Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon

equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.

b Natural gas, excluding supplemental gaseous fuels. c Distillate fuel oil, excluding biodiesel. d Municipal solid waste from non-biogenic sources, and tire-derived fuels.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons. 

Notes: • Data are estimates. See "Section 12 Methodology and Sources" at

end of section. • See "Carbon Dioxide" in Glossary. • See Note 1, "Emissions of

Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases," and Note 2, "Accounting for

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Biomass Energy Combustion," at end of

section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding. • Geographic coverage is the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/environ.html for all available data

beginning in 1973.

Sources: See end of section.
Environment

Note 1. Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases. Greenhouse gases are those gases—such as

water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide,

hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and

sulfur hexafluoride—that are transparent to solar (shortwave) radiation but opaque to long-wave (infrared)

radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from

leaving Earth's atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of

absorbed radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's

surface.

Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for about

98 percent of U.S. CO2 emissions. The vast majority of CO2

emissions come from fossil fuel combustion, with smaller

amounts from the nonfuel use of fossil fuels, as well as from

electricity generation using geothermal energy and nonbiomass waste. Other sources of CO2 emissions include

industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production. Data in the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s

(EIA) Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables 12.1-12.6, are

estimates for U.S. CO2 emissions from energy consumption.

For annual U.S. estimates for emissions of CO2 from all

sources, as well as for emissions of other greenhouse gases,

see EIA’s Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Report at 

http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/carbon.html.

Note 2. Accounting for Carbon Dioxide Emissions From

Biomass Energy Combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

emissions from the combustion of biomass to produce

energy are excluded from the energy-related CO2 emissions

reported in the Monthly Energy Review. According to

current international convention (see the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change’s “2006 IPCC Guidelines for

National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”), carbon released

through biomass combustion is excluded from reported

energy-related emissions. The release of carbon from

biomass combustion is assumed to be balanced by the uptake

of carbon when the feedstock is grown, resulting in zero net

emissions over some period of time. (This is not to say that

biomass energy is carbon-neutral. Energy inputs are required

in order to grow, fertilize, and harvest the feedstock and to

produce and process the biomass into fuels.)

However, analysts have debated whether increased use of

biomass energy may result in a decline in terrestrial carbon

stocks, leading to a net positive release of carbon rather than

the zero net release assumed by its exclusion from reported

energy-related emissions. For example, the clearing of

forests for biofuel crops could result in an initial release of

carbon that is not fully recaptured in subsequent use of the

land for agriculture.

To reflect the potential net emissions, the international

convention for greenhouse gas inventories is to report

biomass emissions in the category “agriculture, forestry, and

other land use,” usually based on estimates of net changes in

carbon stocks over time. 

This indirect accounting of CO2 emissions from biomass can

potentially lead to confusion in accounting for and understanding the flow of CO2 emissions within energy and nonenergy systems. In recognition of this issue, reporting of

CO2 emissions from biomass combustion alongside other

energy-related CO2 emissions offers an alternative accounting treatment. It isimportant, however, to avoid misinterpreting emissions from fossil energy and biomass energy

sources as necessarily additive. Instead, the combined total

of direct CO2 emissions from biomass and energy-related

CO2 emissions implicitly assumes that none of the carbon

emitted was previously or subsequently reabsorbed in terrestrial sinks or that other emissions sources offset any such

sequestration.

According to the EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook 2010,

including direct CO2 emissions from biomass energy

combustion would increase the 2008 total for energyrelated CO2 emissions by 353 million metric tons (6.1

percent). If in fact these emissions are all offset by biological

sequestration, the net emissions would be zero as assumed in

EIA’s totals.

Section 12 Methodology and Sources

To estimate carbon dioxide emissions from energy

consumption for the Monthly Energy Review (MER), Tables

12.1-12.6, the U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) uses the following methodology and sources:

Step 1. Determine Fossil Fuel Consumption

Coal—Coal sectoral (residential, commercial, coke plants,

other industrial, transportation, electric power) consumption

data in thousand short tons are from MER Table 6.2. Coal

sectoral consumption data are converted to trillion Btu by

multiplying by the coal heat content factors in MER Table

A5.

Coal Coke Net Imports—Coal coke net imports data in trillion Btu are derived from coal coke imports and exports data

in MER Tables 1.4a and 1.4b.

Natural Gas (excluding supplemental gaseous fuels)—Natural gas sectoral consumption data in trillion Btu are from

MER Tables 2.2-2.6.

Petroleum—Total and sectoral consumption (product

supplied) data in thousand barrels per day for asphalt and

road oil, aviation gasoline, distillate fuel oil, jet fuel, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), lubricants, motor

gasoline, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil are from

MER Tables 3.5 and 3.7a-c. For the component products of

LPG (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal

butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene) and “other

petroleum” (aviation gasoline blending components, crude

166 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
oil, motor gasoline blending components, naphthas for

petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical

feedstock use, pentanes plus, special naphthas, still gas,

unfinished oils, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products), consumption (product supplied) data in thousand

barrels per day are from EIA’s Petroleum Supply Annual

(PSA), Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), and earlier publications (see sources for MER Table 3.5). Petroleum

consumption data by product are converted to trillion Btu by

multiplying by the petroleum heat content factors in MER

Table A1 (Table A3 for LPG and motor gasoline). 

Step 2. Remove Biofuels From Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil—Beginning in 2009, the distillate fuel oil

data (for total and transportation sector) in Step 1 include

biodiesel, a non-fossil renewable fuel. To remove the

biodiesel portion from distillate fuel oil, data in thousand

barrels per day for refinery and blender net inputs of renewable diesel fuel (from the PSA/PSM) are converted to trillion Btu by multiplying by the biodiesel heat content factor

in MER Table A3, and then subtracted from the distillate

fuel oil consumption values.

Motor Gasoline—Beginning in 1993, the motor gasoline

data (for total, commercial sector, industrial sector, and

transportation sector) in Step 1 include fuel ethanol, a nonfossil renewable fuel. To remove the fuel ethanol portion

from motor gasoline, data in trillion Btu for fuel ethanol

consumption (from MER Tables 10.2a, 10.2b, and 10.3) are

subtracted from the motor gasoline consumption values.

(Note that about 2 percent of fuel ethanol is fossil-based

petroleum denaturant, to make the fuel ethanol undrinkable.

For 1993-2008, petroleum denaturant is double counted in

the PSA product supplied statistics, in both the original

product category—e.g., pentanes plus—and also in the

finished motor gasoline category; for this time period for

MER Section 12, petroleum denaturant is removed along

with the fuel ethanol from motor gasoline, but left in the

original product. Beginning in 2009, petroleum denaturant

is counted only in the PSA/PSM product supplied statistics

for motor gasoline; for this time period for MER Section 12,

petroleum denaturant is left in motor gasoline.)

Step 3. Remove Carbon Sequestered by Nonfuel Use

The following fuels have industrial nonfuel uses as chemical feedstocks and other products: coal, natural gas, asphalt

and road oil, distillate fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases

(ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene), lubricants (which have

industrial and transportation nonfuel uses), naphthas for

petrochemical feedstock use, other oils for petrochemical

feedstock use, pentanes plus, petroleum coke, residual fuel

oil, special naphthas, still gas, waxes, and miscellaneous

petroleum products. In the nonfuel use of these fuels, some

of the carbon is sequestered, and is thus subtracted from the

fuel consumption values in Steps 1 and 2.

Estimates of annual nonfuel use and associated carbon

sequestration are from EIA’s Office of Integrated

Forecasting and Analysis—for details, see “Documentation for

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2006” at 

http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/documentation/

pdf/0638(2006).pdf.

To obtain monthly estimates of nonfuel use and associated

carbon sequestration, monthly patterns for industrial consumption and product supplied data series are used. For coal nonfuel

use, the monthly pattern for coke plants coal consumption from

MER Table 6.2 is used. For natural gas, the monthly pattern

for other industrial non-CHP natural gas consumption from

MER Table 4.3 is used. For distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke,

and residual fuel oil, the monthly patterns for industrial

consumption from MER Table 3.7b are used. For the other

petroleum products, the monthly patterns for product supplied

from the PSA and PSM are used.

Step 4. Determine Carbon Dioxide Emissions From

Energy Consumption

Carbon dioxide emissions data in million metric tons for

fossil fuels are calculated by multiplying consumption

values in trillion Btu from Steps 1 and 2 (minus the carbon

sequestered in nonfuel use in Step 3) by the CO2 emissions

factors at http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/excel/

CO2_coeff.xls. For 2007-2010, the 2006 factors are used.

Coal—CO2 emissions for coal are calculated for each sector

(residential, commercial, coke plants, other industrial, transportation, electric power). Total coal emissions are the sum

of the sectoral coal emissions. 

Coal Coke Net Imports—CO2 emissions for coal coke net

imports are calculated using a coal coke factor of 114.14

million metric tons CO2 per quadrillion Btu.

Natural Gas—CO2 emissions for natural gas are calculated

for each sector (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, electric power). Total natural gas emissions are the

sum of the sectoral natural gas emissions.

Petroleum—CO2 emissions are calculated for each petroleum

product. Total petroleum emissions are the sum of the product

emissions. Total LPG emissions are the sum of the emissions

for the component products (ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene); residential, commercial, and transportation sector LPG emissions

are estimated by multiplying consumption values in trillion Btu

from MER Tables 3.8a and 3.8c by the propane emissions

factor; industrial sector LPG emissions are estimated as total

LPG emissions minus emissions by the other sectors.

Residual fuel oil emissions are calculated using the “Residual Fuel” (not the “Residual Fuel-Electric Utility”) factor.

Geothermal and Non-Biomass Waste—Annual 1989-2008

CO2 emissions data for geothermal and non-biomass waste

are from EIA’s Annual Energy Review (AER), Table 12.7b.

Monthly estimates are created by dividing the annual data

by the number of days in the year and then multiplying by

the number of days in the month. (Annual estimates for the

current year are set equal to those of the previous year.)

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 167

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following

tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British

thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energy measured

in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For

example, 10 barrels of asphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636 million Btu

per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).

The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors)

provided in this section represent the gross (or higher or

upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat content rates

are applied in all Btu calculations for the Monthly Energy

Review and are commonly used in energy calculations in

the United States; net (or lower) heat content rates are

typically used in European energy calculations. The difference between the two rates is the amount of energy that is

consumed to vaporize water that is created during the

combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from

2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and

its hydrogen content. Some fuels, such as unseasoned

wood, can be more than 40 percent different in their gross

and net heat content rates. See “Heat Content” and “British

Thermal Unit (Btu)” in the Glossary for more information. 

Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table

A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors

for each hydrocarbon included in the mix. For example, in

calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is

weighted 1.5 times the thermal conversion factor for

propane.

In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented

in Tables A2 through A6 are computed from final annual

data or from the best available data and labeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as a

preliminary value until data become available to calculate

the factor appropriate to the year. The source of each factor

is described in the section entitled “Thermal Conversion

Factor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in

this appendix.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 169

Appendix 

British Thermal Unit Conversion Factors

A

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products

(Million Btu per Barrel)

a

 60 percent butane and 40 percent propane.

b

 Does not include biodiesel. See Table A3 for biodiesel heat contents.

c

 70 percent ethane and 30 percent propane.

d

 See Table A3 for motor gasoline weighted heat contents beginning in 1994, and for fuel ethanol heat contents.

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html.

Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6.

Natural Gasoline and Isopentane 4.620

Oxygenated 5.150 Miscellaneous 5.796

Reformulated 5.150 Waxes 5.537

Conventional 5.253 Unfractionated Stream 5.418

Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils 5.825 d

Lubricants 6.065 Still Gas 6.000

Kerosene 5.670 Special Naphthas 5.248

Jet Fuel, Naphtha Type 5.355 Road Oil 6.636

Jet Fuel, Kerosene Type 5.670 Residual Fuel Oil 6.287

Isobutane 3.974 Propane 3.836

Ethane-Propane Mixture 3.308 Plant Condensate 5.418 c

Ethane 3.082 Petroleum Coke 6.024

Distillate Fuel Oil 5.825 Still Gas 6.000 b

Butane-Propane Mixture 4.130 Other Oils Equal to or Greater Than 401°F 5.825 a

Butane 4.326 Naptha Less Than 401°F 5.248

Aviation Gasoline 5.048 Petrochemical Feedstocks

Asphalt 6.636 Pentanes Plus 4.620

Petroleum Product Heat Content Petroleum Product Heat Content
170 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports 

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Production Imports Exports

Crude

Oila

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids

Crude

Oila

Petroleum

Products Total

Crude

Oila

Petroleum

Products Total

1973 ................................ 5.800 4.049 5.817 5.983 5.897 5.800 5.752 5.752

1974 ................................ 5.800 4.011 5.827 5.959 5.884 5.800 5.773 5.774

1975 ................................ 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 5.747 5.748

1976 ................................ 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 5.743 5.745

1977 ................................ 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 5.796 5.797

1978 ................................ 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 5.814 5.808

1979 ................................ 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 5.864 5.832

1980 ................................ 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 5.841 5.820

1981 ................................ 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 5.837 5.821

1982 ................................ 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 5.829 5.820

1983 ................................ 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 5.800 5.800

1984 ................................ 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 5.867 5.850

1985 ................................ 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 5.819 5.814

1986 ................................ 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 5.839 5.832

1987 ................................ 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 5.860 5.858

1988 ................................ 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 5.842 5.840

1989 ................................ 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 5.869 5.857

1990 ................................ 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 5.838 5.833

1991 ................................ 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 5.827 5.823

1992 ................................ 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 5.774 5.777

1993 ................................ 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 5.777 5.779

1994 ................................ 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 5.777 5.779

1995 ................................ 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 5.740 5.746

1996 ................................ 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 5.728 5.736

1997 ................................ 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 5.726 5.734

1998 ................................ 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 5.710 5.720

1999 ................................ 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 5.684 5.699

2000 ................................ 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 5.651 5.658

2001 ................................ 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 5.751 5.752

2002 ................................ 5.800 3.729 5.971 5.451 5.863 5.800 5.687 5.688

2003 ................................ 5.800 3.739 5.970 5.438 5.857 5.800 5.739 5.740

2004 ................................ 5.800 3.724 5.981 5.475 5.863 5.800 5.753 5.754

2005 ................................ 5.800 3.724 5.977 5.474 5.845 5.800 5.741 5.743

2006 ................................ 5.800 3.712 5.980 5.454 5.842 5.800 5.723 5.724

2007 ................................ 5.800 3.701 5.985 5.503 5.862 5.800 5.749 5.750

2008 ................................ 5.800 3.706 5.990 5.479 5.866 5.800 5.762 5.762

2009 ................................ 5.800 R 3.692 R 5.988 R 5.525 R 5.882 5.800 R 5.737 R 5.738

2010E .............................. 5.800 R 3.692 R 5.988 R 5.525 R 5.882 5.800 R 5.737 R 5.738

a Includes lease condensate.

R=Revised. E=Estimate.

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 171

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption and Biofuels Production

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Total Petroleum a Consumption by Sector Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Consumptionf

Motor

Gasoline

Consumptiong

Fuel

Ethanolh

Fuel

Ethanol

Feedstock

Factori Biodiesel

Biodiesel

Feedstock

Factorj

ResidentialCommercialbIndustrialbTransportationb,cElectric

Power d,e Totalb,c

1973 .................... 5.233 5.677 5.569 5.395 6.245 5.515 3.746 5.253 NA NA NA NA

1974 .................... 5.223 5.668 5.538 5.394 6.238 5.504 3.730 5.253 NA NA NA NA

1975 .................... 5.219 5.631 5.527 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 5.253 NA NA NA NA

1976 .................... 5.243 5.655 5.536 5.395 6.251 5.504 3.711 5.253 NA NA NA NA

1977 .................... 5.242 5.661 5.554 5.400 6.249 5.518 3.677 5.253 NA NA NA NA

1978 .................... 5.242 5.643 5.554 5.404 6.251 5.519 3.669 5.253 NA NA NA NA

1979 .................... 5.330 5.701 5.419 5.428 6.258 5.494 3.680 5.253 NA NA NA NA

1980 .................... 5.280 5.735 5.374 5.440 6.254 5.479 3.674 5.253 3.563 6.586 NA NA

1981 .................... 5.231 5.671 5.312 5.432 6.258 5.448 3.643 5.253 3.563 6.562 NA NA

1982 .................... 5.205 5.673 5.263 5.422 6.258 5.415 3.615 5.253 3.563 6.539 NA NA

1983 .................... 5.064 5.565 5.275 5.415 6.255 5.406 3.614 5.253 3.563 6.515 NA NA

1984 .................... 5.247 5.634 5.222 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 5.253 3.563 6.492 NA NA

1985 .................... 5.198 5.568 5.215 5.422 6.247 5.387 3.603 5.253 3.563 6.469 NA NA

1986 .................... 5.214 5.609 5.283 5.425 6.257 5.418 3.640 5.253 3.563 6.446 NA NA

1987 .................... 5.188 5.571 5.248 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 5.253 3.563 6.423 NA NA

1988 .................... 5.206 5.573 5.241 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 5.253 3.563 6.400 NA NA

1989 .................... 5.146 5.525 5.234 5.437 d6.240 5.410 3.683 5.253 3.563 6.377 NA NA

1990 .................... 5.073 5.521 5.270 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 5.253 3.563 6.355 NA NA

1991 .................... 5.014 5.491 5.186 5.440 6.246 5.384 3.614 5.253 3.563 6.332 NA NA

1992 .................... 5.050 5.477 5.185 5.442 6.238 5.378 3.624 5.253 3.563 6.309 NA NA

1993 .................... 5.019 b5.461 b5.196 b5.436 6.230 b5.379 3.606 5.253 3.563 6.287 NA NA

1994 .................... 5.026 5.477 5.166 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.635 f5.230 3.563 6.264 NA NA

1995 .................... 4.982 5.435 5.137 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 5.215 3.563 6.242 NA NA

1996 .................... 4.906 5.384 5.133 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 5.216 3.563 6.220 NA NA

1997 .................... 4.897 5.341 5.138 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 5.213 3.563 6.198 NA NA

1998 .................... 4.882 5.313 5.155 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 5.212 3.563 6.176 NA NA

1999 .................... 4.801 5.231 5.113 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 5.211 3.563 6.167 NA NA

2000 .................... 4.804 5.257 5.082 5.421 6.189 5.326 3.607 5.210 3.563 6.159 NA NA

2001 .................... 4.838 5.270 5.164 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 5.210 3.563 6.151 5.359 5.433

2002 .................... 4.781 5.234 5.116 5.410 6.173 5.324 3.613 5.208 3.563 6.143 5.359 5.433

2003 .................... 4.812 5.253 5.161 5.408 6.182 5.340 3.629 5.207 3.563 6.116 5.359 5.433

2004 .................... 4.858 5.271 5.164 5.420 6.192 5.350 3.618 5.215 3.563 6.089 5.359 5.433

2005 .................... 4.818 5.312 5.200 5.426 6.188 5.365 3.620 5.218 3.563 6.063 5.359 5.433

2006 .................... 4.787 5.251 5.179 5.431 6.143 5.353 3.605 5.218 3.563 6.036 5.359 5.433

2007 .................... 4.731 5.235 5.146 5.433 6.151 5.346 3.591 5.219 3.563 6.009 5.359 5.433

2008 .................... 4.598 5.095 5.175 5.426 6.123 5.339 3.600 5.218 3.563 5.983 5.359 5.433

2009 .................... E4.512 E5.015 E5.080 c E 5.412 P6.105 R 5.301 R 3.558 5.218 3.563 5.957 5.359 5.433

2010 .................... E4.512 E5.015 E5.080 E5.412 E6.105 RE5.301 RE3.558 E5.218 3.563 5.930 5.359 5.433

a Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. Quantity-weighted averages of the petroleum products included in

each category are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.

b Beginning in 1993, includes fuel ethanol blended into motor gasoline. c Beginning in 2009, includes renewable diesel fuel (including biodiesel) blended into distillate fuel oil. d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the

public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. e Electric power sector factors are weighted average heat contents for distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and residual fuel oil; they exclude other liquids. f Quantity-weighted averages of the major components of liquefied petroleum gases are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A1.

g There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted

factor—quantity-weighted averages of the major components of motor gasoline, including fuel ethanol, are calculated by using heat content values shown in Table A3. h Includes denaturant (petroleum added to ethanol to make it undrinkable). Fuel ethanol factors are weighted average heat contents for undenatured ethanol (3.539

million Btu per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620 million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as

denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The factor for 2009 is used as the estimated factor for 1980-2008 and 2010. i Corn input to the production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per barrel undenatured ethanol), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the

production of undenatured ethanol. Observed ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of corn) are 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and 2.764 in

2009; yields in other years are estimated. Corn is assumed to have a gross heat content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel. Undenatured ethanol is assumed to have a gross

heat content of 3.539 million Btu per barrel. j Soybean oil input to the production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel biodiesel), used as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to the production of

biodiesel. It is assumed that 7.65 pounds of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed to produce one

barrel of biodiesel. Soybean oil is assumed to have a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel. Biodiesel is assumed to have a gross heat

content of 17,253 Btu per pound, or 5.359 million Btu per barrel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Note: The heat content values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
172 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas

 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Production Consumptiona

Marketed Dry Imports Exports

End-Use

Sectorsb

Electric Power

Sectorc Total

1973 ........................ 1,093 1,021 1,020 1,024 1,021 1,026 1,023

1974 ........................ 1,097 1,024 1,024 1,022 1,024 1,027 1,016

1975 ........................ 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1,014

1976 ........................ 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1,013

1977 ........................ 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1,013

1978 ........................ 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1,013

1979 ........................ 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1,013

1980 ........................ 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1,013

1981 ........................ 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1,011

1982 ........................ 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1,011

1983 ........................ 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1,010

1984 ........................ 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1,010

1985 ........................ 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1,011

1986 ........................ 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1,008

1987 ........................ 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1,011

1988 ........................ 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1,018

1989 ........................ 1,107 1,031 1,031 c1,028 1,031 1,004 1,019

1990 ........................ 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1,018

1991 ........................ 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1,022

1992 ........................ 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1,018

1993 ........................ 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1,016

1994 ........................ 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1,011

1995 ........................ 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1,011

1996 ........................ 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1,011

1997 ........................ 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1,011

1998 ........................ 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1,011

1999 ........................ 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 1,006

2000 ........................ 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 1,006

2001 ........................ 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,026 1,028 1,023 1,010

2002 ........................ 1,106 1,027 1,029 1,020 1,027 1,022 1,008

2003 ........................ 1,106 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,025 1,009

2004 ........................ 1,104 1,026 1,026 1,027 1,026 1,025 1,009

2005 ........................ 1,104 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 1,009

2006 ........................ 1,103 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,028 1,025 1,009

2007 ........................ 1,104 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,025 1,009

2008 ........................ 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,025 1,009

2009 ........................ E1,100 E1,026 E1,027 P1,025 E1,026 E1,025 E1,009

2010 ........................ E1,100 E1,026 E1,027 E1,025 E1,026 E1,025 E1,009

a Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. b Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. c Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat,

to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers.

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. 

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 173

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Coal Coal Coke

Productiona

Waste

Coal

Suppliedb

Consumption

Imports Exports

Imports

and

Exports

Residential

and

Commercial

Sectors

Industrial Sector

Electric

Power

Sector Coke Plants Other d,e Total c

1973 ...................... 23.376 NA 22.831 26.780 22.586 22.246 23.057 25.000 26.596 24.800

1974 ...................... 23.072 NA 22.479 26.778 22.419 21.781 22.677 25.000 26.700 24.800

1975 ...................... 22.897 NA 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 26.562 24.800

1976 ...................... 22.855 NA 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 26.601 24.800

1977 ...................... 22.597 NA 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 26.548 24.800

1978 ...................... 22.248 NA 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 26.478 24.800

1979 ...................... 22.454 NA 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 26.548 24.800

1980 ...................... 22.415 NA 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 26.384 24.800

1981 ...................... 22.308 NA 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 26.160 24.800

1982 ...................... 22.239 NA 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 26.223 24.800

1983 ...................... 22.052 NA 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 26.291 24.800

1984 ...................... 22.010 NA 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 26.402 24.800

1985 ...................... 21.870 NA 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 26.307 24.800

1986 ...................... 21.913 NA 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 26.292 24.800

1987 ...................... 21.922 NA 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 26.291 24.800

1988 ...................... 21.823 NA 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 26.299 24.800

1989 ...................... 21.765 b10.391 23.650 26.800 22.347 d20.898 21.307 25.000 26.160 24.800

1990 ...................... 21.822 9.303 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 26.202 24.800

1991 ...................... 21.681 10.758 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 26.188 24.800

1992 ...................... 21.682 10.396 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 26.161 24.800

1993 ...................... 21.418 10.638 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 26.335 24.800

1994 ...................... 21.394 11.097 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 26.329 24.800

1995 ...................... 21.326 11.722 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 26.180 24.800

1996 ...................... 21.322 12.147 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 26.174 24.800

1997 ...................... 21.296 12.158 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 26.251 24.800

1998 ...................... 21.418 12.639 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 26.800 24.800

1999 ...................... 21.070 12.552 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 26.081 24.800

2000 ...................... 21.072 12.360 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 26.117 24.800

2001 ...................... a20.772 12.169 24.909 27.426 22.622 20.337 20.671 25.000 25.998 24.800

2002 ...................... 20.673 12.165 22.962 27.426 22.562 20.238 20.541 25.000 26.062 24.800

2003 ...................... 20.499 12.360 22.242 27.425 22.468 20.082 20.387 25.000 25.972 24.800

2004 ...................... 20.424 12.266 22.324 27.426 22.473 19.980 20.290 25.000 26.108 24.800

2005 ...................... 20.348 12.093 22.342 26.279 22.178 19.988 20.246 25.000 25.494 24.800

2006 ...................... 20.310 12.080 22.066 26.271 22.050 19.931 20.181 25.000 25.453 24.800

2007 ...................... 20.340 12.090 22.069 26.329 22.371 19.909 20.168 25.000 25.466 24.800

2008 ...................... 20.208 12.121 21.887 26.281 22.348 19.713 19.977 25.000 25.399 24.800

2009P .................... 19.973 12.245 21.285 26.334 21.893 19.536 19.753 25.000 25.633 24.800

2010E ................... 19.973 12.245 21.285 26.334 21.893 19.536 19.753 25.000 25.633 24.800

a Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery (coal recaptured from a refuse mine, and cleaned to reduce the concentration of noncombustible

materials). 

b Waste coal (including fine coal, coal obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm, bituminous gob, and lignite waste) consumed by the electric power and

industrial sectors. Beginning in 1989, waste coal supplied is counted as a supply-side item to balance the same amount of waste coal included in "Consumption." c Includes transportation. Excludes coal synfuel plants. d Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the

public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and independent power producers. e Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and, beginning in 1998, coal synfuel.

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Note: The values in this table are for gross heat contents. See "Heat Content" in Glossary. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows Table A6.
174 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, and Heat Content of Electricity

 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Approximate Heat Ratesa for Electricity Net Generation

Heat Contentf of

Electricityg

Fossil-Fueled

Plantsb,c

Nuclear

Plantsd

Geothermal Energy

Plantse

1973 ................................................ 10,389 10,903 21,674 3,412

1974 ................................................ 10,442 11,161 21,674 3,412

1975 ................................................ 10,406 11,013 21,611 3,412

1976 ................................................ 10,373 11,047 21,611 3,412

1977 ................................................ 10,435 10,769 21,611 3,412

1978 ................................................ 10,361 10,941 21,611 3,412

1979 ................................................ 10,353 10,879 21,545 3,412

1980 ................................................ 10,388 10,908 21,639 3,412

1981 ................................................ 10,453 11,030 21,639 3,412

1982 ................................................ 10,454 11,073 21,629 3,412

1983 ................................................ 10,520 10,905 21,290 3,412

1984 ................................................ 10,440 10,843 21,303 3,412

1985 ................................................ 10,447 10,622 21,263 3,412

1986 ................................................ 10,446 10,579 21,263 3,412

1987 ................................................ 10,419 10,442 21,263 3,412

1988 ................................................ 10,324 10,602 21,096 3,412

1989 ................................................ 10,432 10,583 21,096 3,412

1990 ................................................ 10,402 10,582 21,096 3,412

1991 ................................................ 10,436 10,484 20,997 3,412

1992 ................................................ 10,342 10,471 20,914 3,412

1993 ................................................ 10,309 10,504 20,914 3,412

1994 ................................................ 10,316 10,452 20,914 3,412

1995 ................................................ 10,312 10,507 20,914 3,412

1996 ................................................ 10,340 10,503 20,960 3,412

1997 ................................................ 10,213 10,494 20,960 3,412

1998 ................................................ 10,197 10,491 21,017 3,412

1999 ................................................ 10,226 10,450 21,017 3,412

2000 ................................................ 10,201 10,429 21,017 3,412

2001 ................................................ c10,333 10,443 21,017 3,412

2002 ................................................ 10,173 10,442 21,017 3,412

2003 ................................................ 10,241 10,421 21,017 3,412

2004 ................................................ 10,022 10,427 21,017 3,412

2005 ................................................ 9,999 10,436 21,017 3,412

2006 ................................................ 9,919 10,436 21,017 3,412

2007 ................................................ 9,884 10,485 21,017 3,412

2008 ................................................ 9,854 10,453 21,017 3,412

2009 ................................................ E 9,854 E 10,453 E 21,017 3,412

2010 ................................................ E 9,854 E 10,453 E 21,017 3,412

a The values in columns 1-3 of this table are for net heat rates. See "Heat Rate" in Glossary. b Used as the thermal conversion factor for hydro, solar/photovoltaic, and wind electricity net generation to approximate the quantity of fossil fuels replaced by

these sources. Through 2000, also used as the thermal conversion factor for wood and waste electricity net generation at electric utilities; beginning in 2001, Btu

data for wood and waste at electric utilities are available from surveys.

c Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in 2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric

utilities and electricity-only independent power producers.

d Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation. e Used as the thermal conversion factor for geothermal electricity net generation.

f See "Heat Content" in Glossary.

g The value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour is a constant. It is used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and electricity imports and exports.

E=Estimate.

Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html.

Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows this table.
Thermal Conversion Factor

Source Documentation

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The U.S. Energy Information Administration

(EIA) adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.636

million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated

by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum

Statement, Annual, 1956.

Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion

factor of 5.048 million Btu per barrel as adopted by the

Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern Transmission

Corporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.

Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326 million Btu per barrel as published in

the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First

Issue, April 1942.

Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of

Mines calculation of 4.130 million Btu per barrel based on

an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40 percent

propane. See Butane and Propane.

Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million

Btu per barrel or equal to the thermal conversion factor for

crude oil produced in the United States. See Crude Oil

Production.

Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the

average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of

crude oil imported weighted by the quantities imported.

Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated

on a foreign country basis, by determining the average

American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil

imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in

1977 and converting average API gravity to average Btu

content by using National Bureau of Standards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum

Products, 1933.

Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 million Btu per barrel as reported in a

Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines

Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,

Adopted January 3, 1950.”

Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines

thermal conversion factor of 5.825 million Btu per barrel as

reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,

“Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of

Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”

Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.082 million Btu per barrel as published in

the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First

Issue, April 1942.

Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.308

million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 70

percent ethane and 30 percent propane. See Ethane and

Propane.

Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 3.974 million Btu per barrel as

published in the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of

Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per

barrel for “Jet Fuel, Commercial” as published by the Texas

Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition

and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a

1968 release of historical and projected statistics.

Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of

Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.355 million Btu per

barrel for “Jet Fuel, Military” as published by the Texas

Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition

and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947–1985, a

1968 release of historical and projected statistics.

Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel as

reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,

“Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of

Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”

Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. Calculated

annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion

factors for all liquefied petroleum gases consumed (see

Table A1) weighted by the quantities consumed. The

component products of liquefied petroleum gases are ethane

(including ethylene), propane (including propylene), normal

butane (including butylene), butane-propane mixtures,

ethane-propane mixtures, and isobutane. For 1973–1980,

quantities consumed are from EIA, Energy Data Reports,

“Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table 1. For 1981

forward, quantities consumed are from EIA, Petroleum

Supply Annual, Table 2.

Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of

6.065 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of

Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,

Annual, 1956.

Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by

the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum

Statement, Annual, 1956.

Motor Gasoline Consumption. 1973–1993: EIA adopted

the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.253

million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as

published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation

in Appendix V of Competition and Growth in American

Energy Markets 1947–1985, a 1968 release of historical

and projected statistics. 1994 forward: EIA calculated

national annual quantity-weighted average conversion

factors for conventional, reformulated, and oxygenated

motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor for conventional

motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 175
previous years. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150 million Btu per barrel,

are based on data published in Environmental Protection

Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and

Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003,

“Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated

Gasoline.” See Fuel Ethanol (Denatured).

Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated

annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion

factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced weighted

by the quantities produced.

Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion

factor of 4.620 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the

Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.

Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor

to be 4.620 million Btu or equal to that for natural gasoline.

See Natural Gasoline.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F.

Assumed by EIA to be 5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal

to the thermal conversion factor for special naphthas. See

Special Naphthas.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or

greater than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be 5.825 million

Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for

distillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to

be 6.000 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal

conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.

Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion

factor of 6.024 million Btu per barrel as reported in Btu per

short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum,

“Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of

Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of

Mines calculated this factor by dividing 30.120 million Btu

per short ton, as given in the referenced Bureau of Mines

internal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as given in

the Bureau of Mines Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA

forms.

Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Calculated

annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion

factors for all petroleum products consumed by the

commercial sector weighted by the estimated quantities

consumed by the commercial sector. The quantities of

petroleum products consumed by the commercial sector

are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see

documentation at

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal

conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by

the electric power sector weighted by the quantities

consumed by the electric power sector. Data are from Form

EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.

Petroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calculated

annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion

factors for all petroleum products consumed by the industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed

by the industrial sector. The quantities of petroleum

products consumed by the industrial sector are estimated in

the State Energy Data System—see documentation at

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calculated

annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion

factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residential sector weighted by the estimated quantities consumed

by the residential sector. The quantities of petroleum

products consumed by the residential sector are estimated in

the State Energy Data System—see documentation at

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by

EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all

petroleum products consumed weighted by the quantities

consumed.

Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the

transportation sector weighted by the estimated quantities

consumed by the transportation sector. The quantities of

petroleum products consumed by the transportation sector

are estimated in the State Energy Data System—see

documentation at

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_petrol.pdf.

Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually by EIA

as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each

petroleum product exported weighted by the quantities

exported.

Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually by EIA

as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each

petroleum product imported weighted by the quantities

imported.

Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per

barrel by EIA from data provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.

Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 3.836 million Btu per barrel as

published in the California Oil World and Petroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.

Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion

factor of 6.287 million Btu per barrel as reported in the

176 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines

Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,

Adopted January 3, 1950.”

Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal

conversion factor of 6.636 million Btu per barrel, which

was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (see Asphalt)

and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the

Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines

thermal conversion factor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel,

which was assumed to be equal to that of the total gasoline

(aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the

Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated

thermal conversion factor of 6.000 million Btu per barrel,

first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as

the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil

and each petroleum product exported weighted by the

quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products Exports.

Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as

the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type

of crude oil and petroleum product imported weighted by

the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.

Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion

factor to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel or equal to that for

distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and first

published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3,

1977.

Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel or equal to

that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate) and first

published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 2,

1981.

Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of

5.537 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau

of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,

Annual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Content of Biofuels 

Biodiesel. EIA estimated the thermal conversion factor for

biodiesel to be 5.359 million Btu per barrel, or 17,253 Btu

per pound. 

Biodiesel Feedstock. EIA used soybean oil input to the

production of biodiesel (million Btu soybean oil per barrel

biodiesel) as the factor to estimate total biomass inputs to

the production of biodiesel. EIA assumed that 7.65 pounds

of soybean oil are needed to produce one gallon of

biodiesel, and 5.433 million Btu of soybean oil are needed

to produce one barrel of biodiesel. EIA also assumed that

soybean oil has a gross heat content of 16,909 Btu per

pound, or 5.483 million Btu per barrel.

Ethanol (Undenatured). EIA adopted the thermal

conversion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel

published in “Oxygenate Flexibility for Future Fuels,” a

paper presented by William J. Piel of the ARCO Chemical Company at the National Conference on Reformulated

Gasolines and Clean Air Act Implementation, Washington,

D.C., October 1991.

Fuel Ethanol (Denatured). 1981–2008 and 2010: EIA

used the 2009 factor. 2009: Calculated by EIA as the

annual quantity-weighted average of the thermal conversion factors for undenatured ethanol (3.539 million Btu

per barrel), pentanes plus used as denaturant (4.620

million Btu per barrel), and conventional motor gasoline

and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant (5.253 million Btu per barrel). The quantity of ethanol

consumed is from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA),

Table 1, data for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net

production of fuel ethanol. The quantity of pentanes plus

used as denaturant is from EIA, PSA, Table 1, data for

renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of

pentanes plus, multiplied by -1. The quantity of conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components used as denaturant is from EIA, PSA, Table 1, data

for renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production of

conventional motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending

components, multiplied by -1. 

Fuel Ethanol Feedstock. EIA used corn input to the

production of undenatured ethanol (million Btu corn per

barrel undenatured ethanol) as the annual factor to

estimate total biomass inputs to the production of undenatured ethanol. U.S. Department of Agriculture observed

ethanol yields (gallons undenatured ethanol per bushel of

corn) were 2.5 in 1980, 2.666 in 1998, 2.68 in 2002, and

2.764 in 2009; EIA estimated the ethanol yields in other

years. EIA also assumed that corn has a gross heat

content of 0.392 million Btu per bushel.

Approximate Heat Content of Natural

Gas

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sector.

Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of

natural gas consumed by the electric power sector by the

quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power

Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.

Natural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. Calculated

annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of natural gas

consumed by the end-use sectors (residential, commercial,

industrial, and transportation) by the quantity consumed.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 177
Data are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural

and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.”

Natural Gas Consumption, Total. 1973–1979: EIA

adopted the thermal conversion factor calculated annually by

the American Gas Association (AGA) and published in Gas

Facts, an AGA annual publication. 1980 forward: Calculated

annually by EIA by dividing the total heat content of natural

gas consumed by the total quantity consumed.

Natural Gas Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the heat content of natural gas exported by the

quantity exported. For 1973–1995, data are from Form

FPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of

Natural Gas.” Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S.

Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural

Gas Imports and Exports.

Natural Gas Imports. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the heat content of natural gas imported by the

quantity imported. For 1973–1995, data are from Form

FPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of

Natural Gas.” Beginning in 1996, data are from U.S.

Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Natural

Gas Imports and Exports.

Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA to be

equal to the thermal conversion factor for dry natural gas

consumed. See Natural Gas Consumption, Total.

Natural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated annually

by EIA by dividing the heat content of dry natural gas

produced (see Natural Gas Production, Dry) and natural

gas plant liquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant

Liquids Production) by the total quantity of marketed

natural gas produced.

Approximate Heat Content of Coal and

Coal Coke

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau

of Mines estimate of 24.800 million Btu per short ton.

Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated

annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal

consumed by the electric power sector by the quantity

consumed. Data are from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant

Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.

Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants.

Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of

coal consumed by coke plants by the quantity consumed.

Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption

and Quality Report—Coke Plants.”

Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Calculated

annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal

consumed by manufacturing plants by the quantity

consumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal

Consumption and Quality Report—Manufacturing Plants.”

Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial

Sectors. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat

content of coal consumed by the residential and commercial

sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 1999, data are

from Form EIA-6, “Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in

2000, data are for commercial combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) plants from Form EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms.

Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the total heat content of coal consumed by all

sectors by the total quantity consumed.

Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the

heat content of steam coal and metallurgical coal exported

by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S. Department

of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly Report

EM 545.”

Coal Imports. Assumed by EIA to be 25.000 million Btu

per short ton. 

Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance

the heat content of coal supply (production and imports)

and the heat content of coal disposition (exports, stock

change, and consumption).

Waste Coal Supplied. Calculated annually by EIA by

dividing the total heat content of waste coal supplied by the

quantity supplied. For 1989–1997, data are from Form

EIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report.” For

1998–2000, data are from Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric

Generator Report—Nonutility.” For 2001 forward, data are

from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality

Report—Manufacturing Plants”; Form EIA-923, “Power

Plant Operations Report”; and predecessor forms. 

Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil-Fueled Plants. There

is no generally accepted practice for measuring the thermal

conversion rates for power plants that generate electricity

from hydro, wind, photovoltaic, or solar thermal energy

sources. Therefore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is

equal to the annual average heat rate factor for fossilfueled power plants in the United States. By using that

factor, it is possible to evaluate fossil fuel requirements

for replacing those sources during periods of interruption,

such as droughts. The heat content of a kilowatthour of

electricity produced, regardless of the generation process,

is 3,412 Btu. 1973–1988: The weighted annual average

heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the

United States, as published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost

and Power Production Expenses 1991, Table 9.

1989–2000: Calculated annually by EIA by using the

178 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
heat rate data reported on Form EIA-860, “Annual

Electric Generator Report” (and predecessor forms); and

net generation data reported on Form EIA-759, “Monthly

Power Plant Report.” The computation includes data for

all electric utility steam-electric plants using fossil fuels.

2001 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using fuel

consumption and net generation data reported on Form

EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report,” and predecessor forms. The computation includes data for all

electric utilities and electricity-only independent power

producers using fossil fuels.

Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal Energy Plants.

1973–1981: Calculated annually by EIA by weighting the

annual average heat rates of operating geothermal units by the

installed nameplate capacities as reported on Form FPC-12,

“Power System Statement.” 1982 forward: Estimated annually

by EIA on the basis of an informal survey of relevant plants.

Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear Plants. 1973–1984:

Calculated annually by dividing the total heat content

consumed in nuclear generating units by the total (net)

electricity generated by nuclear generating units. The heat

content and electricity generation were reported on Form

FERC-1, “Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form EIA-412, “Annual Report of Public

Electric Utilities”; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the

factors were published in EIA, Historical Plant Cost and

Annual Production Expenses for Selected Electric Plants

1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors were

published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production

Expenses 1991, Table 13. 1985 forward: Calculated

annually by EIA by using the heat rate reported on Form

EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report” (and predecessor forms), and the generation reported on Form

EIA-923, “Power Plant Operations Report” (and predecessor forms).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 179

Data presented in the Monthly Energy Review and in other

U.S. Energy Information Administration publications are

expressed predominately in units that historically have been

used in the United States, such as British thermal units,

barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S.

commerce involves other nations, most of which use metric

units of measure, the U.S. Government is committed to the

transition to the metric system, as stated in the Metric

Conversion Act of 1975 (Public Law 94–168), amended by

the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988

(Public Law 100–418), and Executive Order 12770 of July

25, 1991.

The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be

used to calculate the metric-unit equivalents of values

expressed in U.S. Customary units. For example, 500 short 

tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons

x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).

In the metric system of weights and measures, the names of

multiples and subdivisions of any unit may be derived by

combining the name of the unit with prefixes, such as deka,

hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectively, 10, 100, 1,000, and

deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth,

one-hundredth, and one-thousandth. Common metric

prefixes can be found in Table B2.

The conversion factors presented in Table B3 can be used to

calculate equivalents in various physical units commonly

used in energy analyses. For example, 10 barrels are the

equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 barrels x 42

gallons/barrel = 420 gallons).

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 181

Appendix 

Metric Conversion Factors, Metric Prefixes, and Other

Physical Conversion Factors

B
182 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010

 a

Exact conversion.

 b

Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

 c

The Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956.

 d

To convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.

 Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the 

 International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI

units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html.

 Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html.

 Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government

(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,

Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std

268-1992, pp. 28 and 29. 

 

 100 degrees Celsius (oC) a 212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) =

 0 degrees Celsius (oC) a Temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) = d

3.6 megajoules (MJ) a 1 kilowatthour (kWh) =

4.186 8 joules (J) a 1 calorie (cal) =

1,055.055 852 62 joules (J) a 1 British thermal unit (Btu) = c Energy

square centimeters (cm2 6.451 6 ) a 1 square inch (in = 2)

square meters (m2 0.092 903 04 ) a 1 square foot (ft = 2

)

square meters (m2 1 square yard (yd = 0.836 127 4 ) 2

)

square kilometers (km2 1 square mile (mi = 2.589 988 ) 2

)

Area 1 acre = 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

2.54 centimeters (cm) a 1 inch (in) =

0.304 8 meters (m) a 1 foot (ft) =

0.914 4 meters (m) a 1 yard (yd) =

1.609 344 kilometers (km) a Length 1 mile (mi) =

1 cubic inch (in = 16.387 06 milliliters (mL) 3

)

1 ounce, fluid (fl oz) = 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)

1 U.S. gallon (gal) = 3.785 412 liters (L)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic foot (ft = 0.028 316 85 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic yard (yd = 0.764 555 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl) = 0.158 987 3 )

1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz) = 28.349 52 grams (g)

0.384 647 kilograms uranium (kgU) b 1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) =

0.453 592 37 kilograms (kg) a 1 pound (lb) =

1 long ton = 1.016 047 metric tons (t) 

Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb) = 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 183

a

Exact conversion.

b

Calculated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

 Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html.

 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17

and C-21.

cubic feet (ft3 128 ) a 1 cord (cd) = 

1.25 shorts tons b Wood 1 cord (cd) = 

1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1 metric ton (t) = 

2,240 pounds (lb) a 1 long ton = 

2,000 pounds (lb) a Coal 1 short ton = 

42 U.S. gallons (gal) a Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units 

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

 

 Web Page: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST

Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

 10 yocto y -24 10 yotta Y 24

 10 zepto z -21 10 zetta Z 21

 10 atto a -18 10 exa E 18

 10 femto f -15 10 peta P 15

 10 pico p -12 10 tera T 12

 10 nano n -9 10 giga G 9

 10 micro μ -6 10 mega M 6

 10 milli m -3 10 kilo k 3

 10 centi c -2 10 hecto h 2

 10 deci d -1 10 deka da 1

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical

compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

The series of molecules vary in chain length and are

composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group;

CH(3)-(CH(2))n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary

butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.

Alternative Fuel: Alternative fuels, for transportation

applications, include the following: methanol; denatured

ethanol, and other alcohols; fuel mixtures containing 85

percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol,

and other alcohols with motor gasoline or other fuels;

natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol)

derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy

diesel fuel); electricity (including electricity from solar

energy); and "... any other fuel the Secretary determines,

by rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield

substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not

include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily

petroleum-based fuels used as oxygenates or extenders, i.e.,

MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10-percent ethanol

portion of gasohol.

Alternative-Fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to

operate on an alternative fuel (e.g., compressed natural

gas, methane blend, or electricity). The vehicle could be

either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusively

on alternative fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to

operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for

residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal,

containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low

percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of

fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent.

The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28

million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free

basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the

United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the

as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture

and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite

refuse or mine waste has been used for steam-electric

power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of

15 million Btu per ton or less.

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused

by human activity. The term is used in the context of global

climate change to refer to gaseous emissions that are the

result of human activities, as well as other potentially

climate-altering activities, such as deforestation.

Asphalt: A dark-brown-to-black cement-like material

containing bitumens as the predominant constituents obtained

by petroleum processing. The definition includes crude asphalt

as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the

asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts.

ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials.

Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas that

will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline, alkylate, reformate,

benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.

Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities

of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in aviation

reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are provided in

ASTM Specification D 910 and Military Specification MILG-5572. Note: Data on blending components are not counted

in data on finished aviation gasoline.

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S.

Gallons.

Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal

season. All native gas is included in the base gas volume. 

Biodiesel: A fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or

other vegetable oils; animal fats; and recycled grease. It

can serve as a substitute for petroleum-derived diesel fuel

or distillate fuel oil. For U.S. Energy Information Administration reporting, it is a fuel composed of mono-alkyl

esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils

or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials)

D 6751.

Biofuels: Liquid fuels and blending components produced

from biomass (plant) feedstocks, used primarily for transportation. See Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol.

Biogenic: Produced by biological processes of living organisms. Note: EIA uses the term “biogenic” to refer only to

organic nonfossil material of biological origin.

Biomass: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin

constituting a renewable energy source. See Biodiesel,

Biofuels, Biomass Waste, Fuel Ethanol, and Wood and

Wood-Derived Fuels.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 185

Glossary
Biomass Waste: Organic non-fossil material of biological origin that is a byproduct or a discarded product.

“Biomass waste” includes municipal solid waste from

biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural

crop byproducts, straw, and other biomass solids, liquids,

and gases; but excludes wood and wood-derived fuels

(including black liquor), biofuels feedstock, biodiesel,

and fuel ethanol. Note: EIA “biomass waste” data also

include energy crops grown specifically for energy production, which would not normally constitute waste.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of

bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also

used for heat and power applications in manufacturing

and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant

coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content

usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per short

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat

content of bituminous coal consumed in the United States

averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received

basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral

matter).

Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor, that can be used as a source of

energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After

evaporation, the residual "black" liquor is burned as a fuel

in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain

basic chemicals.

British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat

required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid

water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which

water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees

Fahrenheit). See Heat Content.

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.

Btu Conversion Factor: A factor for converting energy

data between one unit of measurement and British thermal units (Btu). Btu conversion factors are generally

used to convert energy data from physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic feet, or short tons) into the

energy-equivalent measure of Btu. (See 

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html for further

information on Btu conversion factors.)

Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or branchedchain hydrocarbon (C4H10). It is extracted from natural

gas or refinery gas streams. It includes isobutane and

normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification

D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for

commercial butane.

Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-chain hydrocarbon.

It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of

10.9o F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas

streams.

Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1o F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery

gas streams.

Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovered from

refinery processes.

Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electrical energy

produced by a generating unit for a given period of time

to the electrical energy that could have been produced at

continuous full-power operation during the same period.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as

well as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas

as it traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth

into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential

for global warming. The global warming potential

(GWP) of other greenhouse gases is measured in relation to

that of carbon dioxide, which by international scientific

convention is assigned a value of one (1).

Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices.

Real prices are those that have been adjusted to remove the

effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they

usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year.

Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a

measure based on the weights of goods and services in a

single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure.

The new measure is based on the average weights of goods

and services in successive pairs of years. It is “chained”

because the second year in each pair, with its weights,

becomes the first year of the next pair. The advantage of

using the chained-dollar measure is that it is more closely

related to any given period and is therefore subject to less

distortion over time.

CIF: See Cost, Insurance, Freight.

City Gate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receives gas from a natural gas pipeline

company or transmission system.

Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of

climatic inconsistency, but especially to significant change

from one prevailing climatic condition to another. In

some cases, "climate change" has been used synonymously with the term "global warming"; scientists,

however, tend to use the term in a wider sense inclusive of

natural changes in climate, including climatic cooling.

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black

rock whose composition, including inherent moisture,

186 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more than

70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is

formed from plant remains that have been compacted,

hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat

and pressure over geologic time. See Anthracite, Bituminous Coal, Lignite, Subbituminous Coal, Waste Coal,

and Coal Synfuel.

Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in storage for

future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are collected

for a particular reporting period (month, quarter, or year), coal

stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of the period.

Coal Synfuel: Coal-based solid fuel that has been processed by a coal synfuel plant; and coal-based fuels such as

briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are formed from

fresh or recycled coal and binding materials.

Coal Synfuel Plant: A plant engaged in the chemical transformation of coal into coal synfuel. 

Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derived from

low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at

temperatures as high as 2,000o F so that the fixed carbon

and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel

and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast

furnace. Coke (coal) has a heating value of 24.8 million

Btu per ton. 

Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon content and

low in hydrogen that is the final product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The

conversion is 5 barrels (42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton.

Coke (petroleum) has a heating value of 6.024 million Btu

per barrel.

Coking Coal: Bituminous coal suitable for making coke.

See Coke, Coal.

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plant

designed to produce both heat and electricity from a single

heat source. Note: This term is being used in place of the

term "cogenerator" that was used by EIA in the past. CHP

better describes the facilities because some of the plants

included do not produce heat and power in a sequential fashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definition of

cogeneration specified in the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA).

Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of service-providing facilities and equipment of:

businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and

other private and public organizations, such as religious,

social, or fraternal groups. The commercial sector includes

institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage

treatment facilities. Common uses of energy associated

with this sector include space heating, water heating, air

conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a

wide variety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes

generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal

output primarily to support the activities of the abovementioned commercial establishments. Various EIA

programs differ in sectoral coverage-for more information

see http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebcom.html.

See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Completion: The installation of permanent equipment for

the production of oil or gas. If a well is equipped to

produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the

definition of a well (classified as an oil well or gas well)

and the definition of a completion are identical. However,

if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately

from more than one reservoir, a well is not synonymous

with a completion.

Conventional Gasoline: Finished motor gasoline not

included in the oxygenated or reformulated gasoline categories. Note: This category excludes reformulated gasoline

blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) as well as other

blendstock.

Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Hydroelectric power

generated from flowing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumped storage.

Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data

between one unit of measurement and another (such as

between short tons and British thermal units, or

between barrels and gallons). (See

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_a.html and 

http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html for

further information on conversion factors.) See Btu

Conversion Factor and Thermal Conversion Factor.

Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF): A sales transaction in

which the seller pays for the transportation and insurance of

the goods to the port of destination specified by the buyer.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid

phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid

at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the

crude stream, it may also include: 1) small amounts of

hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure

after being recovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in

lease separators and are subsequently commingled with

the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease

condensate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wells in

lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the

crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3) drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons

produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 187
Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are

excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of

petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline,

diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane,

and butane; and many other products used for their energy

or chemical content. 

Crude Oil F.O.B. Price: The crude oil price actually

charged at the oil-producing country’s port of loading.

Includes deductions for any rebates and discounts or additions of premiums, where applicable. It is the actual price

paid with no adjustment for credit terms.

Crude Oil (Including Lease Condensate): A mixture of

hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground

reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure

after passing through surface separating facilities.

Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons

produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip

gases are also included, but topped crude oil (residual

oil) and other unfinished oils are excluded. Where identifiable, liquids produced at natural gas processing plants

and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded.

Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at the port

of discharge, including charges associated with the

purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the

purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not

include charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import

tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage).

Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil put into

processing units at refineries.

Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals,

and on leases.

Crude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by

crude oil pipelines and on crude oil leases.

Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the production of

crude oil from one or more oil zones or reservoirs. Wells

producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as

oil wells.

Cubic Foot (Natural Gas): A unit of volume equal to 1

cubic foot at a pressure base of 14.73 pounds standard per

square inch absolute and a temperature base of 60o F.

Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages of

monthly or annual degree-days over a long period of time

(usually the 30-year period 1961-1990). The averages

may be simple degree-day normals or populationweighted degree-day normals.

Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how warm

a location is over a period of time relative to a base

temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees

Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by

subtracting the base temperature (65 degrees) from the

average of the day’s high and low temperatures, with

negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s cooling

degree-days are summed to create a cooling degree-day

measure for a specified reference period. Cooling

degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of

air conditioning energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a

location is over a period of time relative to a base

temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees

Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by

subtracting the average of the day’s high and low

temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with

negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s heating

degree-days are summed to create a heating degree-day

measure for a specified reference period. Heating degreedays are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space

heating energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling

degree-days weighted by the population of the area in

which the degree-days are recorded. To compute State

population-weighted degree-days, each State is divided

into from one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions,

which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the

population of the division to the total population of the

State. Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each

division and those products are then summed to arrive at

the State population-weighted degree-day figure. To

compute national population-weighted degree-days, the

Nation is divided into nine Census regions, each

comprising from three to eight States, which are

assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of

the region to the total population of the Nation. Degreeday readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those

products are then summed to arrive at the national

population-weighted degree-day figure.

Denaturant: Petroleum, typically pentanes plus or

conventional motor gasoline, added to fuel ethanol to

make it unfit for human consumption. Fuel ethanol is denatured, usually prior to transport from the ethanol production

facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent denaturant. See

Fuel Ethanol and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.

Design Electrical Rating, Net: The nominal net electrical

output of a nuclear unit as specified by the electric utility

for the purpose of plant design.

Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area

of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic

horizon known to be productive.

Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel oils

obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such

188 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
distillate fuel oils with residual fuel oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for

diesel fuels than for gasoline.

Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-generated, 2) is

produced by either the same entity that consumes the power

or an affiliate, and 3) is used in direct support of a service or

industrial process located within the same facility or group

of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use

is exclusive of station use.

Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for one of the

petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation

operations. It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils. Products

known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in

on-highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and

automobiles, as well as off-highway engines, such as those

in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used

primarily for space heating and electricity generation.

Dry Hole: An exploratory or development well found to be

incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.

Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry)

Production.

E85: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and

15 percent motor gasoline.

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers,

electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting

mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.

Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power

(CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity,

or electricity and heat, to the public-i.e., North American

Industry Classification System 22 plants. See also

Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant, ElectricityOnly Plant, Electric Utility, and Independent Power

Producer. 

Electric Utility: Any entity that generates, transmits, or

distributes electricity and recovers the cost of its generation, transmission or distribution assets and operations,

either directly or indirectly, through cost-based rates set by

a separate regulatory authority (e.g., State Public Service

Commission), or is owned by a governmental unit or the

consumers that the entity serves. Examples of these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts,

public utility districts, municipalities, rural electric cooperatives, and State and Federal agencies. Electric utilities

may have Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval

for interconnection agreements and wholesale trade tariffs

covering either cost-of-service and/or market-based rates

under the authority of the Federal Power Act. See Electric

Power Sector.

Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy

lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.

Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence

and motion of elementary charged particles generated by

friction, induction, or chemical change.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric

energy, or the amount of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy, commonly expressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (Mwh).

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric

energy produced by generating units and measured at the

generating terminal in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh).

Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gross electricity generation less station use (the electric energy

consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or

auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required for pumping at hydroelectric pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for

station service and is deducted from gross generation. 

Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. See also Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP)

Plant.

Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity sold to

customers purchasing electricity for their own use and not

for resale.

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial,

and transportation sectors of the economy.

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the

capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion

of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has

several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be

changed to another form useful for work. Most of the

world’s convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that

are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer

medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in

British thermal units.

Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of

heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process.

Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that provides

service to a retail or end-use customer.

Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming

components of U.S. society developed to measure and

analyze energy use. The sectors most commonly referred to

in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 189
Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon

(C2H6). It is a colorless, paraffinic gas that boils at a

temperature of -127.48o F. It is extracted from natural gas

and refinery gas streams.

Ethanol (C2H5OH): A clear, colorless, flammable alcohol.

Ethanol is typically produced biologically from biomass

feedstocks such as agricultural crops and cellulosic residues

from agricultural crops or wood. Ethanol can also be

produced chemically from ethylene. See Biomass, Fuel

Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant.

Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C2H4) recovered

from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or

gas in an area previously considered an unproductive area, to

find a new reservoir in a known field (i.e., one previously

found to be producing oil or gas in another reservoir), or to

extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir.

Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States

and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.

Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas

due to the removal of natural gas liquid constituents, such

as ethane, propane, and butane, at natural gas processing

plants.

Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor

of the U.S. Energy Information Administration. 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The

Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity

sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing,

natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline

certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency

within the U.S. Department of Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.

Federal Power Commission (FPC): The predecessor

agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The

Federal Power Commission was created by an Act of

Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10,

1920. It was charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It was abolished on

September 30, 1977, when the U.S. Department of Energy

was created. Its functions were divided between the U.S.

Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission, an independent regulatory agency.

First Purchase Price: The price for domestic crude oil

reported by the company that owns the crude oil the first

time it is removed from the lease boundary.

Flared Natural Gas: Natural gas burned in flares on the

base site or at gas processing plants.

F.O.B. (Free on Board): A sales transaction in which the

seller makes the product available for pick up at a specified

port or terminal at a specified price and the buyer pays for

the subsequent transportation and insurance.

Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any specified period, includes (1)

the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all wells

drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed

footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and

(3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack

wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells

does not include footage in the common bore, which is

reported as footage for the original well. In the case of

old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that

which was drilled below the total depth of the old well.

Former U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).

Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth’s crust

from decayed organic material, such as petroleum, coal,

and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electricity

generation plant in which the prime mover is a turbine

rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler by heat

from burning fossil fuels.

Fuel Ethanol: Ethanol intended for fuel use. Fuel ethanol

in the United States must be anhydrous (less than 1 percent

water). Fuel ethanol is denatured (made unfit for human

consumption), usually prior to transport from the ethanol

production facility, by adding 2 to 5 volume percent petroleum, typically pentanes plus or conventional motor

gasoline. Fuel ethanol is used principally for blending in

low concentrations with motor gasoline as an oxygenate

or octane enhancer. In high concentrations, it is used to

fuel alternative-fuel vehicles specially designed for its

use. See Alternative-Fuel Vehicle, Denaturant, E85, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant, and Oxygenates.

Fuel Ethanol Minus Denaturant: An unobserved quantity

of anhydrous, biomass-derived, undenatured ethanol for

fuel use. The quantity is obtained by subtracting the estimated denaturant volume from fuel ethanol volume.

Fuel ethanol minus denaturant is counted as renewable

energy, while denaturant is counted as nonrenewable

fuel. See Denaturant, Ethanol, Fuel Ethanol, Nonrenewable Fuels, Oxygenates, and Renewable Energy.

Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating

unit at 100 percent of its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.

Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline containing

alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) at a

190 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
concentration between 5.7 percent and 10 percent by

volume. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.

Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas

from one or more gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing

both crude oil and natural gas are classified as oil wells.)

Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted from

geothermal reservoirs in the earth’s crust and used for

geothermal heat pumps, water heating, or electricity

generation.

Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface

temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in

the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the

term is today most often used to refer to the warming some

scientists predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. See Climate

Change.

Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to

compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases

without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric

concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one

kilogram of carbon dioxide over a fixed period of time,

such as 100 years.

Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor,

carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but

opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing

long-wave radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere.

The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a

tendency to warm the planet's surface.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods

and services produced by labor and property located in the

United States. As long as the labor and property are

located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.

GT/IC: Gas turbine and internal combustion plants.

Heat Content: The amount of heat energy available to be

released by the transformation or use of a specified physical

unit of an energy form (e.g., a ton of coal, a barrel of oil, a

kilowatthour of electricity, a cubic foot of natural gas, or a

pound of steam). The amount of heat energy is commonly

expressed in British thermal units (Btu). Note: Heat

content of combustible energy forms can be expressed in

terms of either gross heat content (higher or upper heating

value) or net heat content (lower heating value), depending

upon whether or not the available heat energy includes or

excludes the energy used to vaporize water (contained in

the original energy form or created during the combustion

process). The U.S. Energy Information Administration typically uses gross heat content values.

Heat Rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency commonly stated as Btu per kilowatthour. Note:

Heat rates can be expressed as either gross or net heat rates,

depending whether the electricity output is gross or net generation. Heat rates are typically expressed as net heat rates.

Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The

molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from

the simplest (methane, the primary constituent of natural

gas) to the very heavy and very complex.

Hydroelectric Power: The production of electricity from

the kinetic energy of falling water.

Hydroelectric Power Plant: A plant in which the turbine

generators are driven by falling water.

Hydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectricity that is

generated during peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during

off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is

available to do so. When additional generating capacity

is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir

through a conduit to turbine generators located in a power

plant at a lower level.

Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogen occurs

chiefly in combination with oxygen in water. It also exists in

acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the

District of Columbia from U.S. possessions and territories or

from foreign countries.

Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person,

agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that

owns or operates facilities for the generation of electricity for

use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility.

Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of all facilities and equipment used for

producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses the following types of activity:

manufacturing (NAICS codes 31-33); agriculture, forestry,

fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil

and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction

(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely

for process heat and cooling and powering machinery,

with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw

material inputs to manufactured products. Note: This

sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or

useful thermal output primarily to support the abovementioned industrial activities. Various EIA programs

differ in sectoral coverage-for more information see

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 191
http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm.

See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Injections (Natural Gas): Natural gas injected into storage reservoirs.

Isobutane: A normally gaseous branch-chain hydrocarbon.

It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of

10.9° F. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas

streams. See Butane.

Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from

refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon

obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane. 

Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet

aircraft engines. It includes kerosene-type jet fuel and

naphtha-type jet fuel.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product

with a maximum distillation temperature of 400° F at the

10-percent recovery point and a final maximum boiling

point of 572° F. Fuel specifications are provided in

ASTM Specification D 1655 and Military Specifications

MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5 and

JP-8). It isused primarily for commercial turbojet and

turboprop aircraft engines.

Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy naphtha

boiling range, with an average gravity of 52.8 degrees

API, 20 to 90 percent distillation temperatures of 290° to

470° F and meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L

(Grade JP-4). It is used by the military for turbojet and

turboprop engines. 

Kerosene: A petroleum distillate having a maximum

distillation temperature of 401o F at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572o F, and a minimum

flash point of 100o F. Included are the two grades designated

in ASTM D3699 (No. 1-K and No. 2-K) and all grades of

kerosene called range or stove oil. Kerosene is used in space

heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters; it is suitable for use

as an illuminant when burned in wick lamps.

Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 watts.

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity defined as

a unit of work or energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000

watts) of power expended for 1 hour. One kilowatthour is

equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See Watthour.

Landed Costs: The dollar-per-barrel price of crude oil at

the port of discharge. Included are the charges associated

with the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo

from the purchase point to the port of discharge. Not

included are charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g.,

import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage

charges).

Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and

lease operations (such as gas used in drilling operations,

heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and used as

fuel in natural gas processing plants.

Lease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily of

pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, which is recovered as a

liquid from natural gas in lease or field separation facilities.

Note: This category excludes natural gas liquids, such as

butane and propane, which are recovered at natural gas

processing plants or facilities.

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown

coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power

generation. It is brownish-black and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat

content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per short

ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of

lignite consumed in the United States averages 13 million Btu

per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both

inherent moisture and mineral matter).

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily

methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260o F at atmospheric pressure.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): Ethane, ethylene,

propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, and isobutane

produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate new natural gas plant liquids.

Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear

generating unit’s initial fuel loading date and the issuance

of its operating (full-power) license. The maximum level of

operation during that period is 5 percent of the unit’s

design thermal rating.

Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between

bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated

into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacturing of other products or as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from

distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to

impart or improve certain required properties. Excluded

are byproducts of lubricating oil refining, such as

aromatic extracts derived from solvent extraction or tars

derived from deasphalting. Included are all grades of

lubricating oils from spindle oil to cylinder oil and those

used in greases. Lubricant categories are paraffinic and

naphthenic.

Marketed Production (Natural Gas): Gross withdrawals

less gas used for repressuring, quantities vented and

flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating or

processing operations. Includes all quantities of gas used

in field and processing operations. 

192 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless, hydrocarbon

gas (CH4) that is the principal constituent of natural gas. It is

also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial

processes.

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An ether,

(CH3)3COCH3, intended for motor gasoline blending. See

Oxygenates.

Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) eligible for

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.

Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere-for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and

tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels,

synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.

Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixing of motor

gasoline blending components and oxygenates as

required, to produce finished motor gasoline. Finished

motor gasoline may be further mixed with other motor

gasoline blending components or oxygenates, resulting in

increased volumes of finished motor gasoline and/or

changes in the formulation of finished motor gasoline (e.g.,

conventional motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produce

oxygenated motor gasoline). 

Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphtha (e.g.,

straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene,

xylene) used for blending or compounding into finished

motor gasoline. These components include reformulated

gasoline blendstock (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note: oxygenates are

reported as individual components and are included in the

total for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates.

Motor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture of relatively

volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of

additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in sparkignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification

D-4814 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of 122oF to 158oF at the

10-percent recovery point to 365oF to 374oF at the

90-percent recovery point. “Motor gasoline” includes

conventional gasoline, all types of oxygenated gasoline

including gasohol, and reformulated gasoline, but excludes

aviation gasoline. Note: Volumetric data on blending

components, as well as oxygenates, are not counted in data

on finished motor gasoline until the blending components

are blended into the gasoline.

Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by

octane ratings. Each type of gasoline (conventional,

oxygenated, and reformulated) is classified by three

grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note: Gasoline

sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at the time of sale. In general, automotive octane

requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in

some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky Mountain States, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be

2 or more octane points lower.

Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e.,

octane rating, greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.

Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See

Motor Gasoline Grades.

Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,

i.e., octane rating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or

equal to 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by

altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.

Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index,

i.e., octane rating, greater than 90. Note: Octane requirements may vary by altitude. See Motor Gasoline Grades.

Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline,

other than reformulated gasoline, having an oxygen

content of 2.7 percent or higher by weight and required

by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be

sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO)

nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes

oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG)

and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB). Data on gasohol that has at least 2.7 percent

oxygen, by weight, and is intended for sale inside CO

nonattainment areas are included in data on oxygenated

gasoline. Other data on gasohol are included in data on

conventional gasoline. 

Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline

formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and

properties of which meet the requirements of the reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean

Air Act. Note: This category includes oxygenated fuels

program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) but excludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB).

Motor Gasoline Retail Prices: Motor gasoline prices calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in

conjunction with the construction of the Consumer Price

Index (CPI). Those prices are collected in 85 urban areas

selected to represent all urban consumers-about 80 percent

of the total U.S. population. The service stations are selected

initially, and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they

represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample include those providing all

types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-service. 

Motor Gasoline (Total): For stock level data, a sum including finished motor gasoline stocks plus stocks of motor gasoline

blending components but excluding stocks of oxygenates.

MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether. 

NAICS (North American Industry Classification

System): A coding system developed jointly by the United

States, Canada, and Mexico to classify businesses and

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 193
industries according to the type of economic activity in

which they are engaged. NAICS replaces the Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. For additional

information on NAICS, go to

http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.

Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction

with an approximate boiling range between 122 and 400o F.

Natural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon

compounds, primarily methane, used as a fuel for electricity generation and in a variety of ways in buildings, and as

raw material input and fuel for industrial processes.

Natural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains after: 1)

the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed

from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or

plant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry

natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas.

The parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60

degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds per square inch

absolute.

Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas withdrawn

from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the

production (lease) site and by processing losses. Volumes

used at the production site include 1) the volume returned

to reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs,

and conservation operations; and 2) gas vented and

flared. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarbon

gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream;

and 2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease

condensate and plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not considered part

of production. Dry natural gas production equals

marketed production less extraction loss.

Natural Gas Marketed Production: Gross withdrawals of

natural gas from production reservoirs, less gas used for

reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon gases removed in

treating and processing operations; and quantities vented

and flared.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Natural gas liquids

recovered from natural gas in processing plants and, in

some situations, from natural gas field facilities, as well

as those extracted by fractionators. Natural gas plant

liquids are defined according to the published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American

Society for Testing and Material as follows: ethane,

propane, normal butane, isobutane, pentanes plus, and other

products from natural gas processing plants (i.e., products

meeting the standards for finished petroleum products

produced at natural gas processing plants, such as finished

motor gasoline, finished aviation gasoline, special naphthas,

kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products). 

Natural Gas Wellhead Price: The wellhead price of

natural gas is calculated by dividing the total reported

value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as

reported by the appropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Minerals Management Service. The

price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease,

including gathering and compression costs, in addition to

State production, severance, and similar charges.

Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly

pentanes and heavier) extracted from natural gas that

meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications

for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors

Association. Includes isopentane, which is a saturated

branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation of

natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.

Net Summer Capacity: The maximum output,

commonly expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts

(MW), that generating equipment can supply to system

load, as demonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of

summer peak demand (period of June 1 through September 30). This output reflects a reduction in capacity due to

electricity use for station service or auxiliaries. 

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared equally

between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia under a 1992

agreement. The Neutral Zone contains an estimated 5

billion barrels of oil and 8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nominal

price. 

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or service

at the time of the transaction. Nominal prices are those

that have not been adjusted to remove the effect of

changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they

reflect buying power in the year in which the transaction

occurred. 

Non-Biomass Waste: Material of non-biological origin

that is a byproduct or a discarded product. “Non-biomass

waste” includes municipal solid waste from non-biogenic

sources, such as plastics, and tire-derived fuels.

Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases

that may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon

dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.

Nonrenewable Fuels: Fuels that cannot be easily made or

"renewed," such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal. 

Nuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electricity

generated by the use of the thermal energy released from

the fission of nuclear fuel in a reactor.

194 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit or multiunit

facility in which heat produced in one or more reactors by

the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive one or more

steam turbines.

Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission

chain reaction can be initiated, controlled, and sustained at a

specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material),

moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavywalled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a system to conduct heat away from

the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the reactor's systems.

OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation

and Development.

Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the

coastline. In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary low

water along with that portion of the coast that is in direct

contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward

limit of inland water.

Oil: See Crude Oil.

OPEC: See Organization of the Petroleum Exporting

Countries.

Operable Unit (Nuclear): In the United States, a nuclear

generating unit that has completed low-power testing and

been issued a full-power operating license by the Nuclear

Regulatory Commission, or equivalent permission to

operate.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping

governments tackle the economic, social and governance

challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership

comprises about 30 member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, non-governmental

organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach.

For details about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

(OPEC): An intergovernmental organization whose stated

objective is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies

of member countries." It was created at the Baghdad

Conference on September 10–14, 1960. Current members

(with years of membership) include Algeria (1969–present),

Angola (2007–present), Ecuador (1973–1992 and

2007–present), Iran (1960–present), Iraq (1960–present),

Kuwait (1960–present), Libya (1962–present), Nigeria

(1971–present), Qatar (1961–present), Saudi Arabia

(1960–present), United Arab Emirates (1967–present), and

Venezuela (1960–present). Countries no longer members of

OPEC include Gabon (1975–1994) and Indonesia

(1962–2008).

Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to gasoline,

increase the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. 

Ethanol, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl

Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE), and methanol are common

oxygenates.

PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Defense

Districts. Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the

District of Columbia into five districts for the Petroleum

Administration for Defense in 1950. The districts were

originally instituted for economic and geographic reasons as

Petroleum Administration for War (PAW) Districts, which

were established in 1942.

Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes

and heavier, extracted from natural gas. Includes isopentane,

natural gasoline, and plant condensate.

Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived

from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals,

synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.

Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon

mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of

crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of

finished petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon

compounds, such as additives and detergents, after they have

been blended into the products.

Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.

Petroleum Consumption: See Products Supplied

(Petroleum).

Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from foreign countries

and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S.

territories and possessions. Included are imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded

warehouses for onshore consumption, offshore bunker use,

and military use. Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleum

into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S.

Foreign Trade Zones.

Petroleum Products: Products obtained from the processing

of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and

other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include

unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus,

aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,

kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas,

lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas,

and miscellaneous products.

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual products,

quantities that are held at refineries, in pipelines, and at

bulk terminals that have a capacity of 50,000 barrels or

more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by product

retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the

point of consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 195
products held at gas processing plants are excluded from

individual product estimates but are included in other oils

estimates and total.

Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity generated

from sunlight through solid-state semiconductor devices

that have no moving parts.

Pipeline Fuel: Gas consumed in the operation of

pipelines, primarily in compressors.

Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly

pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, recovered and separated

as liquid at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing

plants.

Primary Energy: Energy in the form that it is first

accounted for in a statistical energy balance, before any

transformation to secondary or tertiary forms of

energy. For example, coal can be converted to synthetic

gas, which can be converted to electricity; in this example,

coal is primary energy, synthetic gas is secondary energy,

and electricity is tertiary energy. See Primary Energy

Production and Primary Energy Consumption.

Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of

primary energy. (Energy sources that are produced from

other energy sources—e.g., coal coke from coal—are

included in primary energy consumption only if their

energy content has not already been included as part of the

original energy source. Thus, U.S. primary energy

consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but

not the coal coke produced from domestic coal.) The

U.S. Energy Information Administration includes the

following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal

consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum

consumption (petroleum products supplied, including

natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel);

dry natural gas—excluding supplemental gaseous

fuels—consumption; nuclear electricity net generation

(converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate);

conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted

to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the

geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump

energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal

and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to

Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar

thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation

(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate);

wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass

waste consumption; fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption; losses and co-products from the production of fuel

ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity net imports

(converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412

Btu per kilowatthour). See Total Energy Consumption.

Primary Energy Production: Production of primary

energy. The U.S. Energy Information Administration

includes the following in U.S. primary energy production:

coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse

recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production;

natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural

gas—excluding supplemental gaseous fuels—production; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to

Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional

hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using

the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity

net generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal

plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump energy and

geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using

the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal

direct use energy; wind electricity net generation

(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate);

wood and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass

waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.

Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that drives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity

directly. 

Products Supplied (Petroleum): Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products from primary

sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas-processing plants,

blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general,

product supplied of each product in any given period is

computed as follows: field production, plus refinery

production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil

(plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District

basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus

refinery inputs, and minus exports.

Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a

temperature of -43.67o F. It is extracted from natural gas

or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated

in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for commercial propane and HD-5

propane.

Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered

from refinery or petrochemical processes.

Real Dollars: These are dollars that have been adjusted

for inflation. See Real Price.

Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the

effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.

Real prices, which are expressed in constant dollars,

usually reflect buying power relative to a base year.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: The cost of

crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and fees.

The composite cost is the weighted average of domestic

and imported crude oil costs.

196 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs: Raw materials, unfinished oils, and blending components processed at refineries,

or blended at refineries or petroleum storage terminals to

produce finished petroleum products. Included are gross

inputs of crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, other hydrocarbon raw materials, hydrogen, oxygenates (excluding

fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels (including fuel

ethanol). Also included are net inputs of unfinished oils,

motor gasoline blending components, and aviation

gasoline blending components. Net inputs are calculated

as gross inputs minus gross production. Negative net

inputs indicate gross inputs are less than gross production.

Examples of negative net inputs include reformulated

gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB)

produced at refineries for shipment to blending terminals,

and unfinished oils produced and added to inventory in

advance of scheduled maintenance of a refinery crude oil

distillation unit.

Refinery and Blender Net Production: Liquefied refinery

gases, and finished petroleum products produced at a

refinery or petroleum storage terminal blending facility.

Net production equals gross production minus gross

inputs. Negative net production indicates gross production is less than gross inputs for a finished petroleum

product. Examples of negative net production include

reclassification of one finished product to another

finished product, or reclassification of a finished product

to unfinished oils or blending components.

Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures

finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils,

natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.

Refuse Mine: A surface site where coal is recovered from

previously mined coal. It may also be known as a silt bank,

culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.

Refuse Recovery: The recapture of coal from a refuse

mine or the coal recaptured by that process. The resulting

product has been cleaned to reduce the concentration of

noncombustible materials.

Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are

essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the fossil

fuels, of which there is a finite supply). Renewable sources

of energy include conventional hydrolectric power,

biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind.

Repressuring: The injection of a pressurized fluid (such as

air, gas, or water) into oil and gas reservoir formations to

effect greater ultimate recovery.

Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of living quarters for private households. Common

uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration,

cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. The

residential sector excludes institutional living quarters.

Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage for

more information see

http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.html. See

End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils that remain after the

distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled

away in refinery operations and that conform to ASTM

Specifications D396 and 975. Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy Special, for use in

steam-powered vessels in government service and in shore

power plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil

and is used for commercial and industrial heating, for electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of residual

fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as fuel.

Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual

asphaltic oil used as a dust palliative and surface treatment

on roads and highways. It is generally produced in six

grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.

Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a

rotating tube attached to a bit for boring holes through rock.

Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.

SIC (Standard Industrial Classification): A set of codes

developed by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget

which categorizes industries into groups with similar

economic activities. Replaced by NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).

Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.

Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that

can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat or

electricity. 

Special Naphthas: All finished products within the naphtha

boiling ranges that are used as paint thinner, cleaners or

solvents. Those products are refined to a specified flash

point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexane and

cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specifications

D1836 and D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or

marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline, or that are

to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas (SNG)

feedstocks, are excluded.

Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an electric power

plant. It includes energy consumed for plant lighting, power,

and auxiliary facilities, regardless of whether the energy is

produced at the plant or comes from another source.

Steam Coal: All nonmetallurgical coal.

Steam-Electric Power Plant: A plant in which the prime

mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine

is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 197
Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gas

produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming,

and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane,

and propylene. It is used primarily as refinery fuel and,

petrochemical feedstock.

Stocks: See Coal Stocks, Crude Oil Stocks, or Petroleum Stocks, Primary.

Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks

maintained by the Federal Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range

from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and

used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet black,

hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by

weight. The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges

from 17 to 24 million Btu per short ton on a moist,

mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17

to 18 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e.,

containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Synthetic natural gas,

propane-air, coke oven gas, refinery gas, biomass gas, air

injected for Btu stabilization, and manufactured gas

commingled and distributed with natural gas.

Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as

substitute natural gas) A manufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting

from the conversion or reforming of hydrocarbons that

may easily be substituted for or interchanged with

pipeline-quality natural gas.

Thermal Conversion Factor: A factor for converting data

between physical units of measure (such as barrels, cubic

feet, or short tons) and thermal units of measure (such as

British thermal units, calories, or joules); or for converting data between different thermal units of measure. See

Btu Conversion Factor.

Total Energy Consumption: Primary energy consumption in the end-use sectors, plus electricity retail sales

and electrical system energy losses.

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that

consists of all vehicles whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical location to

another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses;

motorcycles; trains, subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft;

and ships, barges, and other waterborne vehicles. Vehicles

whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., construction cranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse

tractors and forklifts) are classified in the sector of their

primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ in sectoral

coverage-for more information see

http://www.eia.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.html

See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Underground Storage: The storage of natural gas in

underground reservoirs at a different location from which it

was produced.

Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further refinery processing except those requiring only mechanical blending.

Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas

oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.

Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegregated natural

gas liquid components, excluding those in plant

condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): A political entity that consisted of 15 constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,

Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The U.S.S.R. ceased

to exist as of December 31, 1991.

United States: The 50 States and the District of

Columbia. Note: The United States has varying degrees of

jurisdiction over a number of territories and other political

entities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia,

including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam,

American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake

Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIA data

programs may include data from some or all of these areas

in U.S. totals. For these programs, data products will

contain notes explaining the extent of geographic coverage

included under the term "United States."

Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combined-heat-and-power system for use in any

industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling

application, or delivered to other end users, i.e., total thermal energy made available for processes and applications

other than electrical generation.

U.S.S.R.: See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(U.S.S.R.).

Vented Natural Gas: Gas released into the air on the

production site or at processing plants.

Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of

commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including

vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes

sold to the U.S. Armed Forces.

Waste Coal: Usable material that is a byproduct of

previous coal processing operations. Waste coal is usually

composed of mixed coal, soil, and rock (mine waste). Most

waste coal is burned as-is in unconventional fluidized-bed

198 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010
combustors. For some uses, waste coal may be partially

cleaned by removing some extraneous noncombustible

constituents. Examples of waste coal include fine coal, coal

obtained from a refuse bank or slurry dam, anthracite culm,

bituminous gob, and lignite waste.

Waste: See Biomass Waste and Non-Biomass Waste.

Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere

under a pressure of one volt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.

Watthour (Wh): The electrical energy unit of measure

equal to one watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an

electric circuit steadily for one hour.

Waxes: Solid or semisolid material derived from petroleum distillates or residues. Waxes are light-colored, more

or less translucent crystalline masses, slightly greasy to the

touch, consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons in

which the paraffin series predominates. Included are all

marketable waxes, whether crude scale or fully refined.

Waxes are used primarily as industrial coating for surface

protection.

Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at

the mouth of the well.

Wind Energy: Kinetic energy present in wind motion that

can be converted to mechanical energy for driving pumps,

mills, and electric power generators.

Wood and Wood-Derived Fuels: Wood and products

derived from wood that are used as fuel, including round

wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust,

forest residues, charcoal, paper pellets, railroad ties, utility

poles, black liquor, red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite

liquor, and other wood-based solids and liquids.

Working Gas: The volume of gas in a reservoir that is in

addition to the base gas. It may or may not be completely

withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season.

Conditions permitting, the total working capacity could be

used more than once during any season.

U.S. Energy Information Administration / Monthly Energy Review September 2010 199