### To **: Cc:**  **Bcc: Subject:**  **Fw: Follow-Up Request for PM AQ data**

**From: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US**  **To: avol@hsc.usc.edu, steven.babin@**  **jhuapl .edu, rbasu@**  **jhsph .edu, rick_burnett@hc-sc.gc.ca,** 

**sknutsen@llu.edu, ychen@uottawa.ca, mchimonas@msn.com, rdales@ohri.ca, rdelfino@uci.edu, redld@channing.harvard.edu, ddockery@hsph.harvard.edu, fdominic@**  **jhsph .edu,**  **brauer@interchange.ubc.ca, jenstrom**  **@ucla.edu, fuentes@stat.ncsu.edu, kfung@uwindsor.ca, kuenzli@usc.edu,**  **jimg @rcf.usc.edu,**  **janneane .gent@yale.edu,**  **diane.gold@channing.harvard.edu, goss@u.washington.edu, Ahmad.hammoud@hsc.utah.edu, hollomanc@battelle.org, mhuynh@health.nyc.gov, gillilan@hsc.usc.edu, gillilan@usc.edu,**  **jkoenig @u.washington.edu,**  **jerrett @usc.edu, dkrewski@uottawa.ca, TOBYL@umich.edu,**  **flipfert@suffolk.lib.ny.us, morton.lippmann@nyumc.org, mlipsett@dhs.ca.gov, llisabet@umich.edu, Sliu@uottawa.ca, rmcconne@hsc.usc.edu, gdiette@**  **jhmi .edu, yymeng@ucla.edu,**  **ptolber@sph.emory.edu, joelk**  **@u.washington.edu, jpeters**  **@hsc.usc.edu, smoolgavkar@exponent.com, goconnor@bu.edu, marieo@umich.edu,**  **jdparker @cdc.gov,**  **jennifer .peel@colostate.edu, peters@gsf.de,**  **jpeters @hsc.usc.edu, cap3@email.byu.edu,**  **brauer@interchange.ubc.ca, britz@ucla.edu, frank@purdue.edu, rundell@marywood.edu, jschwrtz**  **@hsph.harvard.edu, philsilkoff@hotmail.com, Sheppard@u.washington.edu, sulljh@u.washington.edu, ageyh@**  **jhsph .edu, ctrenga@uwashington.edu,**  **Paul_Villeneuve@hc-sc.gc.ca, gwelleni@bidmc.harvard.edu, hsuh@hsph.harvard.edu, britz@ucla.edu, woodruff.tracey@epa.gov, woodrufft@obgyn.ucsf.edu, Karin_Yeatts@unc.edu,**  **azanobet@hsph.harvard.edu, jsamet**  **@usc.edu, azeka@hsph.harvard.edu, zmzhang@wfubmc.edu**  **Cc: Lindsay Stanek/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, Rebecca Yang/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, Pradeep** 

**Rajan/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA Date:**  **10/20/2009 05:29 PM Subject:**  **Request for PM AQ data** 

## To: Authors of recent U.S. and Canadian epidemiolo gical studies evaluating health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) This is a follow-up email to an earlier request for request air quality data for PM 2.5 

## and/or PM 10-2.5 

## used in your epidemiologic studies. Our original request was sent on May 2, 2009. We are contacting you again at this time because these dat a would still be highly useful for the current review of the PM National Ambient Air Quality Stand ards ( NAAQS ) and we have not yet heard back from you. EPA is presently reviewing the NAAQS for PM. Impor tant components of this review include the preparation of an Integrated Science As sessment (ISA) by EPA’s National Center for Environmental Assessment ( NCEA ) and a Risk Assessment (RA) and a Policy Assessmen t (PA) by EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standar ds (OAQPS). In evaluating the epidemiological evidence in the ISA and in using th is information to inform the quantitative risk assessment and policy assessment, it is crucial to consider the air quality distributions from areas where these studies were conducted to investigate a ssociations between PM and health effects. Most epidemiological studies provide some informati on on the distribution of ambient measurement data for PM, however, published informa tion is often generally limited in scope and the descriptive statistics reported vary from o ne study to another. OAQPS and NCEA are jointly contacting you to reques t specific information on the distribution of the air quality data for PM 2.5 

## and/or PM 10-2.5 

## used in your studies. These data will provide important information as NCEA develops the final ISA and OAQPS develops the final

## RA and draft PA in the next few months. These docu ments will inform EPA’s decision making

process on whether to retain or revise the PM NAAQS

. Specifically, we are interested in receiving the de scriptive statistics (listed below) on the air quality data used in your study (see the study citations list below). Please note, this request i s for information on the distribution of air quality data for PM 2.5 

## and/or PM 10-2.5 

## used in your studies. If your study evaluated PM 10-2.5 

## , we are also asking for you to provide PM 10 

## data, if available. It is important to emphasize that we are not requesting health data. In addition, we are not r equesting raw air quality data, but rather information on the distribution of the data. However, if you prefer to send the entire air quality data set, that would also be acceptable. Please be aware that your responses, together with whatever data you provide, will be placed in our public docket. We recognize that you are all very busy and if it i s not possible for you to provide all of the data listed below, please focus on those dat a that would be most informative to this PM NAAQS review (i.e., 98 th 

## and 99 th 

## percentile values for short-term PM 2.5 

## ambient concentrations; 98 th 

## , 99 th 

## , and maximum values for PM 10-2.5 

## and PM 10 

## ). In order to use the requested information in prepar ing the final ISA and RA, we ask that you provide these data to us by November 2, 2009 . We will follow this email message with a telephone call in the next week to address any ques tions you might have regarding this request. Please contact us if you have any questions. Thank you in advance for your assistance. Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Lindsay Wichers Stanek, Ph.D

. Environmental Health Scientist Physical Scientist OAQPS NCEA -RTP 919 541-4605 919 541-7792 hassett

- sipple

. beth @ epa

. gov stanek

. lindsay @ epa

. gov REQUESTED PM 2

. 5 

## AND PM 10

- 2

. 5 

## DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

A. For multi-city studies evaluating mortality and/or morbidity effe cts associated with short-term PM 2.5 

## and/or PM 10-2.5 

## concentrations, please provide the following:

o mean; 95 th 

## , 96 th 

## , 97th, 98th, and 99 th 

## percentile values ; and minimum and maximum values (each as the average across modeled cities - e.g., average of the 98 th 

## percentile values across the cities evaluated) o range (high to low) of city-specific 98 th 

## percentile values across all cities o where applicable, the above air quality informatio n differentiated by:

specific individual years, if multiple years were e valuated  

## region, as defined in the study (e.g., east-west)  

## o for the highest reporting monitor within each city

98 th 

## and 99 th 

## percentile of the 24-hour concentrations for each city  

## annual mean concentration for each city 

## average 98 th 

## and 99 th 

## percentile of 24-hour concentrations across cities  

## range (high to low) of 98 th 

## and 99 th 

## percentile concentrations across cities  

## where applicable, the above air quality information differentiated by:  

## specific individual years, if multiple years were e valuated

 

## region, as defined in the study (e.g., east-west)  

## o the air quality monitors used, unless these monito rs are identified already in the study publication o for PM 10-2.5 

## studies, please provide the above information for P M 10 

## also, if available B. For single-city studies evaluating mortality and morbidity effects associated with short-term PM 2.5 

## ambient concentrations, please provide the followin g information: o information requested in A above for the one city evaluated C. For studies evaluating mortality and morbidity effects associated with long-term PM 2.5 

## ambient concentrations, please provide the followin g: o mean of the ambient PM 2.5 

## mean concentrations across cities reported in the s tudy for the time period evaluated in the study o range (high-to-low) of the city-specific means acr oss all cities or locations o where applicable, the above air quality informatio n differentiated by:

specific individual years, if multiple years were e valuated  

## season, as defined in the study  

## region, as defined in the study (e.g., east-west)  

## o if your study considered air quality data from mul tiple monitors in a city, include the above information for the highest reporting monitor within each city

STUDY CITATIONS

Avol , E. L., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2001). "Respirato ry effects of relocating to areas of differing air pollution levels." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164 (11): 2067-72. Babin, S. M., H. S. Burkom, et al. (2007). "Pediatr ic patient asthma-related emergency department visi ts and admissions in Washington, DC, from 2001-2004, and associations wi th air quality, socio-economic status and age group ." Environ Health 6 : 9. Basu, R., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2004). "Comparing exposure metrics in the relationship between PM2.5 and birth weight in California." J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 14 (5): 391-6. Burnett et al. (1997). “Association between ozone a nd hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 C anadian cities.” Environ

. Research 72: 24-31. HERO id 082676 (Coarse only) Burnett RT; Smith-Doiron M; Stieb D; Cakmak S; Broo k JR. (1999). Effects of particulate and gaseous pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. Arch Environ Occup Health , 54: 130-139. (HERO id 017269) (Coarse and PM2.5) Chen, L. H., S. F. Knutsen, et al. (2005). "The as sociation between fatal coronary heart disease and ambient particulate air pollution: Are females at greater risk ?" Environ Health Perspect 113 (12): 1723-9. (contact: Dr. Synmore Knutsen) (HERO id 087942) Chen, Y., Q. Yang, et al. (2005). "The effect of co arse ambient particulate matter on first, second, a nd overall hospital admissions for respiratory disease among the elderly." Inhal T oxicol 17 (12): 649-55. Chen, Y., Q. Yang, et al. (2004). "Influence of rel atively low level of particulate ar pollution on ho spitalization for COPD in elderly people." Inhal Toxicol 16 (1): 21-5. Chimonas, M. A . and B. D. Gessner (2007). " Airborne particulate matter from primarily geologic , non-industrial sources at levels below National Ambient Air Quality Standards is ass ociated with outpatient visits for asthma and quick -relief medicationprescriptions among children less than 20 years old enrolled in Medicaid in Anchorage, Alaska ." Environ Res 103 (3): 397-404.

Dales, R. (2004). " Ambient carbon monoxide may influence heart rate va riability in subjects with coronary artery disease ." J Occup Environ Med 46 (12): 1217-21. Dales, R., L. Liu, et al. (2007). "Particulate air pollution and vascular reactivity: the bus stop stu dy." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 81 (2): 159-164. Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2006). "Persona l and ambient air pollution is associated with incr eased exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma." Environ Health Perspect 114 (11): 1736-43. Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2008). "Persona l and ambient air pollution exposures and lung func tion decrements in children with asthma." Environmental Health Perspectives 116 (4): 550-558. DeMeo, D. L., A . Zanobetti, et al. (2004). " Ambient air pollution and oxygen saturation ." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170 (4): 383-7. Dockery, D. W., H. Luttmann-Gibson, et al. (2005). " Association of air pollution with increased inciden ce of ventricular tachyarrhythmias recorded by implanted cardioverter defibrillators." Environ Health Perspect 113 (6): 670-4. (HERO 078995) Dominici, F., R. D. Peng, et al. (2007). "Particula te air pollution and mortality in the United States : did the risks change from 1987 to 2000?" Am J Epidemiol 166 (8): 880-8. (Coarse only) Ebelt, S. T., W. E. Wilson, et al. (2005). "Exposu re to ambient and nonambient components of particul ate matter: a comparison of health effects." Epidemiology 16 (3): 396-405. (Contact: Dr. Michael Brauer) Eftim, S. E., J. M. Samet, et al. (2008). "Fine par ticulate matter and mortality: a comparison of the six cities and American Cancer Society cohorts with a Medicare cohort." Epidemiolo gy 19 (2): 209-16. (contact Dr. Francesca Dominici) (HERO id 099104) Enstrom, J. E. (2005). "Fine particulate air pollut ion and total mortality among elderly Californians, 1973-2002." Inhal Toxicol 17 (14): 803-16. (HERO id 087356) Fuentes, M., H. R. Song, et al. (2006). "Spatial as sociation between speciated fine particles and mort ality." Biometrics 62 (3): 855-63. (Coarse and PM2.5) Fung, K. Y., S. Khan, et al. (2006). " Association between air pollution and multiple resp iratory hospitalizations among the elderly in Vancouver, Canada." Inhal Toxi col 18 (13): 1005-11. (HERO id 089789) Gauderman, W. J., E. Avol , et al. (2004). "The effect of air pollution on lu ng development from 10 to 18 years of age." N Engl J Med 351 (11): 1057-67. Gauderman, W. J., G. F. Gilliland, et al. (2002). " Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: results from a second cohort." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166 (1): 76-84. Gauderman, W. J., R. McConnell, et al. (2000). " Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 (4 Pt 1): 1383-90. Gauderman, W. J., H. Vora, et al. (2007). "Effect o f exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 t o 18 years of age: a cohort study." Lancet 369 (9561): 571-7. Gent, J. F., E. W. Triche, et al. (2003). " Association of low -level ozone and fine particles with respiratory sy mptoms in children with asthma." JAMA 290 (14): 1859-67. Gent et al. (2009). “Symptoms and medication use in children with asthma and traffic-related sources o f fine particle pollution.” Environ

. Health Perspec

. In press. Hero ID 180399 Gold, D. R., A

. A . Litonjua, et al. (2005). " Air pollution and ST -segment depression in elderly subjects." Environ H ealth Perspect 113 (7): 883-7. Goss, C. H., S. A . Newsom, et al. (2004). "Effect of ambient air pol lution on pulmonary exacerbations and lung function in cystic fibrosis." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169 (7): 816-21. (HERO 055624) Hammoud, A ., D. T. Carrell, et al. "Decreased sperm motility is associated with air pollution in Salt Lake City. " Fertility and Sterility In Press, Corrected Proof

. Holloman, C. H., S. M. Bortnick, et al. (2004). " A Bayesian hierarchical approach for relating PM (2.5) exposure to cardiovascular mortality in North Carolina." Environ Health Perspe ct 112 (13): 1282-8. Huynh, M., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2006). "Relation ships between air pollution and preterm birth in Ca lifornia." Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 20 (6): 454-61. Islam, T., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2007). "Relatio nship between air pollution, lung function and asth ma in adolescents." Thorax 62 (11): 957-63. (contact: Dr. Frank Gilliland)Islam, T., R. McConnell, et al. (2007). "Ozone, Oxi dant Defense Genes and Risk of Asthma During Adoles cence." American

Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine : 200706. (Contact: Dr. Frank Gilliland) Janes, H., F. Dominici, et al. (2007). "Trends in a ir pollution and mortality: an approach to the asse ssment of unmeasured confounding." Epidemiology 18 (4): 416-23. (contact: Dr. Francesca Dominici) Jansen, K. L., T. V. Larson, et al. (2005). " Associations between health effects and particulate matter and black carbon in subjects with respiratory disease ." Environmental health perspectives 113 : 1741-1746. (Contact: Jane Koenig) Jerrett, M., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2005). "Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Ang eles." Epidemiology 16 (6): 727-36. Kim, J. J., S. Smorodinsky, et al. (2004). "Traffic -related air pollution near busy roads: the East Ba y Children's Respiratory Health Study." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170 (5): 520-6. (Contact: Dr, Bart Ostro) (HERO 087383 ) Koenig, J. Q., K. Jansen, et al. (2003). "Measureme nt of offline exhaled nitric oxide in a study of co mmunity exposure to air pollution." Environmental Health Perspectives 111 (13): 1625-9. Koenig, J. Q., T. F. Mar, et al. (2005). "Pulmonary effects of indoor- and outdoor-generated particles in children with asthma." Environ Health Perspect 113 (4): 499-503. Kuenzli, N., M. Jerrett, et al. (2005). " Ambient air pollution and atherosclerosis in Los An geles ." Environ Health Perspect 113 (2): 201-6. Krewski, D et al. (2009). “Extended follow-up and s patial analysis of the American Cancer Society stud y linking particulate air pollution and mortality.” Health Effects Institute. Cambridge, MA. 140. (HERO id 191193) Lewis, T. C., T. G. Robins, et al. (2005). " Air pollution -associated changes in lung function among asthmati c children in Detroit." Environmental Health Perspectives 113 (8): 1068-75. (Coarse and PM2.5) Lin et al. (2005). “Coarse particulate matter and h ospitalization for respiratory infections in childr en younger than 15 years in Toronto: a case-crossover analysis .” Pediatrics 116: 235-240. (HERO ID 087828) (Coarse and PM2.5) Lin et al. (2002). “The influence of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in ch ildren: case-crossover and time-series analyses.” Environ

. Health Persp

. 110: 575-581. (Hero id 026067) Lipfert, F., R. Wyzga, et al. (2006). "Traffic dens ity as a surrogate measure of environmental exposur es in studies of air pollution health effects: Long-term mortality in a cohort of US veterans." Atmospheric Environment 40 : 154-169. Lipfert, FW et al. (2006). “PM2.5 constituents and related air quality variables as predictors of surv ival in a cohort of U.S. military veterans.” Inhal Toxicol , 18: 645-657. (HERO id 088756 ) (Coarse and PM2.5) Lippmann, M. (2000). Environmental toxicants : Human exposures and their health effects

. Hero id 024579 Lipsett, M. J., F. C. Tsai, et al. (2006). "Coarse particles and heart rate variability among older ad ults with coronary artery disease in the Coachella Valley, California." Environ Health P erspect 114 (8): 1215-1220. Lisabeth, L. D., J. D. Escobar, et al. (2008). " Ambient air pollution and risk for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack ." Ann Neurol 64 (1): 53-9. (HERO 155939) Liu, S., D. Krewski, et al. (2007). " Association between maternal exposure to ambient ai r pollutants during pregnancy and fetal growth restriction." J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17 (5): 426-32. Mar, T. F., J. Q. Koenig, et al. (2005). "Fine part iculate air pollution and cardiorespiratory effects in the elderly." Epidemiology 16 (5): 681-7. (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig) (Coarse and PM2.5) Mar, T. F., T. V. Larson, et al. (2004). " An analysis of the association between respiratory symptoms in subjects with asthma and daily air pollution in Spo kane, Washington." Inhal Toxicol 16 (13): 809-15. (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig) (HERO id 057309) McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (1999). " Air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in southern C alifornia children with asthma ." Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (9): 757-760. McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2003). "Prospect ive study of air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168 (7): 790-7. (HERO 049490) McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2006). "Dog owne rship enhances symptomatic responses to air polluti on in children with asthma." Environmental health perspectives 114 (12): 1910. (Coarse only) McCormack, M. C., P. N. Breysse, et al. (2009). " In-Home Particle Concentrations and Childhood Asthm a Morbidity." Environmental health perspectives 117 (2): 294. (Contact: Dr Gregory Dietle) Meng, Y. Y., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). "Traffic an d outdoor air pollution levels near residences and poorly controlled asthma inadults." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 98 (5): 455-63.

(Coarse only) Metzger, K. B., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2004). " Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits ." Epidemiology 15 (1): 46-56. (Contact: Dr. Paige Tolbert) hero 04422 2 (Coarse only) Metzger et al. (2007). “Ambient air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with implantable de fibrillators.” Epidemiology 18 (5): 585-592. HERO ID 092856 Millstein, J., F. Gilliland, et al. (2004). "Effect s of ambient air pollutants on asthma medication us e and wheezing among fourth-grade school children from 12 Southern Calif ornia communities enrolled in The Children's Health Study." Arch Environ Health 59 (10): 505-14. Moolgavkar, SH. (2003). “Air pollution and daily de aths and hospital admissions in Los Angeles and Coo k counties.” Health Effects Institute 183-198. HERO id 042864 O’Connor et al. (2008). “Acute respiratory health e ffects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities.” J

. of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 121: 1133-1139 e1131. HERO id 156818 O'Neill, M. S., A . Veves, et al. (2007). " Air pollution and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a mechanism for susceptibility." Occup Environ Med 64 (6): 373-379. O'Neill, M. S., A . Veves, et al. (2005). "Diabetes enhances vulnerab ility to particulate air pollution-associated impai rment in vascular reactivity and endothelial function." Circulation 111 (22): 2913-20. Parker, J. D., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2005). " Air pollution and birth weight among term infants i n California ." Pediatrics 115 (1): 121-8. (Coarse only) Peel, J. L., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2005). " Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency dep artment visits ." Epidemiology 16 (2): 164-74. ( HERO id 056305) (Coarse only) Peng et al. (2008). “Coarse particulate matter ai r pollution and hospital admissions cardiovascular respiratory diseases among Medicare patients.” ( HERO id 156850) Peters, A ., D. W. Dockery, et al. (2001). "Increased particu late air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction Circulation 103 (23): 2810-5 (Coarse only) Peters, A ., D. W. Dockery, et al. (2001). "Increased particu late air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction." Circulation 103 (23): 2810-5. (HERO id 016546) Peters, J. M., E. Avol , et al. (1999). " A study of twelve Southern California communities w ith differing levels and types of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 (3): 760-7. Pope, C. A ., 3rd, R. T. Burnett, et al. (2004). "Cardiovascul ar mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiologi cal pathways of disease." Circulation 109 (1): 71-7. Pope, C. A ., M. L. Hansen, et al. (2004). " Ambient particulate air pollution , heart rate variability, and blood markers of infl ammation in a panel of elderly subjects." Environ Health Per spect 112 : 339-345. Pope, C. A ., 3rd, J. B. Muhlestein, et al. (2006). "Ischemic heart disease events triggered by short-term exposu re to fine particulate air pollution." Circulation 114 (23): 2443-8. (HERO id 091246) Pope et al. (2008). “Relation of heart failure hosp italization to exposure to fine particulate air pol lution.” Amer

. J

. of Cardiology 102 (9): 1230-1234. (HERO id 191969) Rich, D. Q., M. H. Kim, et al. (2006). " Association of ventricular arrhythmias detected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator and ambient air pollutants in the St Louis, Missouri me tropolitan area." Occup Environ Med 63 (9): 591-6. (Contact: Dr. Doug Dockery) (HERO id 089814) Rich, D. Q., J. Schwartz, et al. (2005). " Association of short -term ambient air pollution concentrations and vent ricular arrhythmias." Am J Epidemiol 161 (12): 1123-32. (Contact: Dr. Doug Dockery) Rich, K. E., J. Petkau, et al. (2004). " A case -crossover analysis of particulate air pollution an d cardiac arrhythmia in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators." Inhal Tox icol 16 (6-7): 363-72. (Contact: Dr. Michael Brauer) (HER O id 055631) Ritz, B., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). " Ambient air pollution and preterm birth in the envi ronment and pregnancy outcomes study at the University of California, Los Angeles." Am J Epidemiol 166 (9): 1045-52. Rosenthal, F. S., J. P. Carney, et al. (2008). "Out -of-hospital cardiac arrest and airborne fine parti culate matter: a case-crossover analysis of emergency medical services data in Indi anapolis, Indiana." Environ Health Perspect 116 (5): 631-6. Rundell, K. W., J.R. Hoffman, R. Caviston, R. Bulbu lian, A .M. Hollenbach (2007). "Inhalation of ultrafine and fine particulate matter disrupts systemic vascular function." Inhalation To xicology 19 : 133-140.

Schwartz, J., S. K. Park, et al. (2005). "Glutathio ne-S-Transferase M1, Obesity, Statins, and Autonomi c Effects of Particles:Gene-by-Drug-by-Environment Interaction." Am

. J

. Respir

. Crit

. Care Med

. 172 (12): 1529-1533.

(Coarse only) Sheppard L. (2003). Ambient air pollution and nonelderly asthma hospita l admissions in Seattle , Washington, 1987-1994. (HERO id 042826) Silkoff, P. E., L. Zhang, et al. (2005). "Winter ai r pollution and disease parameters in advanced chro nic obstructive pulmonary disease panels residing in Denver, Colorado." J All ergy Clin Immunol 115 (2): 337-44. (Coarse only) Slaughter, J. C., E. Kim, et al. (2005). " Association between particulate matter and emergenc y room visits , hospital admissions and mortality in Spokane, Washington." J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 15 (2): 153-9. (Contact: Dr. Lianne Sheppard) (HERO 073854) Slaughter, J. C., T. Lumley, et al. (2003). "Effect s of ambient air pollution on symptom severity and medication use in children with asthma." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 91 (4): 346-53. (Contact: Dr. Lianne Sheppard) Sullivan, J., N. Ishikawa, et al. (2003). "Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Primary Car diac Arrest among Persons With and Without Clinically Recognized Heart Diseas e." Am

. J

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### Beth **Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Environmental Health Scientist**  **Ambient Standards Group (C504-06) Health and Environmental Impacts Division**  **Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency**  **109 TW Alexander Drive RTP, NC 27711**  **(919) 541-4605 Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov**  **(919) 541-0237 (FAX)**