[Cite as State v. Hunter, 2013-Ohio-3759.]

 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO 

STATE OF OHIO : 

Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 25521 

v. : T.C. NO. 12CR916 

GERMAINE HUNTER : (Criminal appeal from 

 Common Pleas Court) 

Defendant-Appellant : 

 : 

 . . . . . . . . . . 

O P I N I O N

Rendered on the 30th day of August , 2013. 

 . . . . . . . . . . 

MICHELE D. PHIPPS, Atty. Reg. No. 0069829, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, 301 W. 

Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 

Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee 

WILLIAM T. DALY, Atty. Reg. No. 0069300, 70 Birch Alley, Suite 240, Dayton, Ohio 

45440 

Attorney for Defendant-Appellant 

 . . . . . . . . . . 

YARBROUGH, J. (by assignment) 

I. Introduction
[Cite as State v. Hunter, 2013-Ohio-3759.]

{¶ 1} Appellant, Germaine Hunter, appeals the judgment of the Montgomery 

County Court of Common Pleas, ordering him to pay restitution in the amount of $463.28 to 

the Dayton Fire Department following his conviction for aggravated arson. For the 

following reasons, we reverse. 

A. Facts and Procedural Background

{¶ 2} On the early evening of March 23, 2012, Dayton Fire Department 

Investigator Nicholas Scowden was dispatched to 312 North Upland for a fire investigation. 

Upon arriving at the scene, Scowden spoke with a neighbor, Michael Webster, who stated 

that he knew who set the fire inside the house. Webster stated that, as he was walking back 

to his house, he saw smoke coming from the upstairs window of 312 North Upland. He 

immediately called 911. Webster proceeded to kick in the side door and enter the premises. 

 Once inside, Webster found Hunter and attempted to rescue him. Upon exiting the house, 

Hunter began running down the street. 

{¶ 3} After completing his investigation into the cause of the fire, Scowden 

concluded that the fire was the result of arson. Specifically, he determined that the fire 

originated in three separate areas in the house. Inside the house, Scowden found clothing 

and trash piled up in the corner of the room that had been set on fire, in addition to a set of 

matches and a burnt gasoline can. 

{¶ 4} Scowden ultimately contacted Dayton police regarding the arson. After a 

short time, Hunter was located and transported to the Safety Building for an interview. He 

immediately admitted to starting the fire by throwing a match on the gasoline he poured on 

the carpet. As a result of his admission, Hunter was arrested and charged with aggravated 

arson. He was subsequently indicted on two counts of aggravated arson in violation of R.C. 
3

2909.02(A)(1). 

{¶ 5} Six months after his indictment, Hunter entered into a plea agreement 

whereby he pled no contest to one count of aggravated arson. The state entered a nolle 

prosequi as to the remaining count. As a result of his no contest plea, the court found 

Hunter guilty of aggravated arson, and, on November 14, 2012, sentenced him to a 

three-year prison term. Additionally, Hunter was ordered to pay $463.28 in restitution to 

the Dayton Fire Department in connection with its investigatory expenses. At sentencing, 

Hunter’s counsel objected to the imposition of restitution on the basis that the Dayton Fire 

Department was not a victim in this case. 

B. Assignment of Error

{¶ 6} Hunter now appeals the trial court’s judgment, assigning the following error 

for our review: “Whether the trial court erred by awarding restitution to a third party, namely 

The Dayton Fire Department.” 

II. Analysis

{¶ 7} In his sole assignment of error, Hunter argues that the trial court erred in 

awarding restitution because the Dayton Fire Department is a third party, rather than a victim 

of his crime. Generally, a trial court's order of restitution is reviewed for an abuse of 

discretion. State v. Johnson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24288, 2012-Ohio-1230, ¶ 11. 

However, we utilize a de novo standard of review when determining to whom restitution 

may appropriately be awarded. Id.

{¶ 8} Pursuant to R.C. 2929.18(A)(1), a trial court may order restitution “to the 

victim of the offender's crime * * * in an amount based on the victim's economic loss.” The 
4

statute further states that restitution may be made “to the victim in open court, to the adult 

probation department that serves the county on behalf of the victim, to the clerk of courts, or 

to another agency designated by the court.” Id. Hunter argues that the trial court's award 

of restitution to the Dayton Fire Department was improper because it was not a “victim” to 

whom restitution may be ordered under R.C. 2929.18(A)(1). 

{¶ 9} R.C. 2930.01(H)(1) defines a victim as “[a] person who is identified as the 

victim of a crime or specified delinquent act in a police report or in a complaint, indictment, 

or information that charges the commission of a crime.” Notably, the Dayton Fire 

Department was not listed as a victim in the indictment and was not the object of Hunter’s 

offenses. Thus, we conclude that the Dayton Fire Department is not a “victim” under R.C. 

2929.18(A)(1). State v. Kiser, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24418, 2011-Ohio-5551, ¶ 16. 

{¶ 10} However, our determination that the Dayton Fire Department is not a 

victim does not end our analysis. While the state appears to concede that restitution to the 

Dayton Fire Department is not authorized by R.C. 2929.18(A)(1), it argues that such 

restitution is proper under R.C. 2929.71. 

{¶ 11} R.C. 2929.71 authorizes the trial court to order a convicted arsonist to make 

restitution to public agencies like the Dayton Fire Department. Specifically, R.C. 2929.71 

provides in pertinent part: 

(B) Prior to the sentencing of an offender, the court shall enter an 

order that directs agencies that wish to be reimbursed by the offender for the 

costs they incurred in the investigation or prosecution of the offender or in the 

investigation of the fire or explosion involved in the case, to file with the 
5

court within a specified time an itemized statement of those costs. The order 

also shall require that a copy of the itemized statement be given to the 

offender or offender's attorney within the specified time. Only itemized 

statements so filed and given shall be considered at the hearing described in 

division (C) of this section. 

(C) The court shall set a date for a hearing on all the itemized 

statements filed with it and given to the offender or the offender's attorney in 

accordance with division (B) of this section. The hearing shall be held prior 

to the sentencing of the offender, but may be held on the same day as the 

sentencing. Notice of the hearing date shall be given to the offender or the 

offender's attorney and to the agencies whose itemized statements are 

involved. At the hearing, each agency has the burden of establishing by a 

preponderance of the evidence that the costs set forth in its itemized 

statement were incurred in the investigation or prosecution of the offender or 

in the investigation of the fire or explosion involved in the case, and of 

establishing by a preponderance of the evidence that the offender has assets 

available for the reimbursement of all or a portion of the costs. 

The offender may cross-examine all witnesses and examine all 

documentation presented by the agencies at the hearing, and the offender may 

present at the hearing witnesses and documentation the offender has obtained 

without a subpoena or a subpoena duces tecum or, in the case of 

documentation, that belongs to the offender. 
[Cite as State v. Hunter, 2013-Ohio-3759.]

* * * 

(D) Following the hearing, the court shall determine which of the 

agencies established by a preponderance of the evidence that costs set forth in 

their itemized statements were incurred as described in division (C) of this 

section and that the offender has assets available for reimbursement purposes. 

 The court also shall determine whether the offender has assets available to 

reimburse all such agencies, in whole or in part, for their established costs, 

and if it determines that the assets are available, it shall order the offender, as 

part of the offender's sentence, to reimburse the agencies from the offender's 

assets for all or a specified portion of their established costs. 

{¶ 12} The state cites R.C. 2929.71 in support of the trial court’s order of 

restitution. However, our review of the record reveals numerous flaws in the underlying 

proceedings that prove fatal to the state’s reliance on R.C. 2929.71. First, there is no 

evidence contained in the record that demonstrates the trial court’s entry of an order 

directing interested agencies to file an itemized statement of expenses as required under R.C. 

2929.71(B). Second, the trial court failed to hold a hearing on the matter, at which time the 

Dayton Fire Department would have had the responsibility to establish that the costs set 

forth in its itemized statement were incurred in the investigation of the fire, and that Hunter 

had assets available for the reimbursement of all or a portion of those costs. R.C. 

2929.71(C). Finally, the trial court failed to specifically find that Hunter had the financial 

ability to pay the restitution. R.C. 2929.71(D). Thus, even assuming R.C. 2929.71 

authorizes the trial court to order Hunter to make restitution to the Dayton Fire Department, 

we conclude that the trial court failed to comply with the mandates of the statute. 
7

{¶ 13} In light of the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court erred in ordering 

Hunter to make restitution in the amount of $463.28 to the Dayton Fire Department. Thus, 

the order of restitution is reversed and vacated. 

{¶ 14} Hunter’s first assignment is sustained. 

III. Conclusion

{¶ 15} Hunter’s sole assignment having been sustained, the order of restitution to 

the Dayton Fire Department is reversed and vacated. 

 . . . . . . . . . . 

HALL, J. and WELBAUM, J., concur. 

(Hon. Stephen A. Yarbrough, Sixth District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment of the 

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio). 

Copies mailed to: 

Michele D. Phipps 

William T. Daly 

Hon. Barbara P. Gorman