FINAL 

Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, 

Ohio

Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic 

Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

June 2020

Prepared for:

Army National Guard Headquarter

111 S. George Mason Drive

Arlington, VA 22204

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District

2 Hopkins Plaza

Baltimore, MD 21201

Prepared by:

AECOM

12420 Milestone Center Drive, Suite 150

Germantown, MD 20876

aecom.com

Contract Number: W912DR-12-D-0014

Delivery Order: W912DR17F0192
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

i

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................1

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................5

Authority and Purpose ..............................................................................................5

Preliminary Assessment Methods .............................................................................5

Report Organization ..................................................................................................6

Facility Location and Description...............................................................................6

Facility Environmental Setting ...................................................................................6

1.5.1 Geology .........................................................................................................7

1.5.2 Hydrogeology .................................................................................................7

1.5.3 Hydrology .......................................................................................................7

1.5.4 Climate ...........................................................................................................8

1.5.5 Current and Future Land Use .........................................................................8

2. Fire Training Areas ...........................................................................................................12

3. Non-Fire Training Areas ...................................................................................................13

Storage and Ramp Area .........................................................................................13

AASF 1 Hangar .......................................................................................................13

Wetland ..................................................................................................................14

4. Emergency Response Areas ............................................................................................16

5. Adjacent Sources .............................................................................................................17

Fire Station .............................................................................................................17

Airplane Crash ........................................................................................................17

Nozzle Test Area .....................................................................................................17

6. Preliminary Conceptual Site Model ..................................................................................19

AOI 1 Storage and Ramp Area ...............................................................................19

AOI 2 AASF 1 Hangar .............................................................................................19

AOI 3 Wetland ........................................................................................................20

7. Conclusions .....................................................................................................................25

Findings ..................................................................................................................25

Uncertainties ...........................................................................................................26

Potential Future Action ............................................................................................27

8. References ......................................................................................................................30
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

ii

Figures

Figure ES-1 Summary of Findings

Figure ES-2 Conceptual Site Model AASF 1

Figure 1-1 Facility Location

Figure 1-2 Groundwater Features

Figure 1-3 Surface Water Features

Figure 3-1 Non-Fire Training Areas

Figure 5-1 Adjacent Sources

Figure 6-1 Areas of Interest

Figure 6-2 Conceptual Site Model AOI 1 Storage and Ramp Area

Figure 6-3 Conceptual Site Model AOI 2 AASF 1 Hangar

Figure 6-4 Conceptual Site Model AOI 3 Wetland

Figure 7-1 Summary of Findings

Tables

Table ES-1: Areas of Interest

Table 7-1: Areas of Interest

Table 7-2: Sources of Uncertainty

Table 7-3: Rationale for Potential Future Action

Appendices

Appendix A Data Resources

Appendix B Preliminary Assessment Documentation

B.1 Interview Records

B.2 Visual Site Inspection Checklists

B.3 Conceptual Site Model Information

Appendix C Photographic Log
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

iii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

%

AASF

Percent

Army Aviation Support Facility

AECOM AECOM Technical Services, Inc.

AFFF aqueous film forming foam

AOI Area of Interest

ARNG

bgs

Army National Guard

below ground surface

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability

Act

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CSM conceptual site model

°F degrees Fahrenheit

FTA

gpm

HEF

fire training area

gallons per minute

high expansion foam

IED

NOSC

Installations & Environment Division

Navy Operational Suport Center

OHANG Ohio Air National Guard

OHARNG Ohio Army National Guard

PA Preliminary Assessment

PFAS per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances

PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS

SI

perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

Site Inspection

US United States

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

1

Executive Summary

The United States (US) Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Baltimore District on behalf of the

Army National Guard (ARNG)-Installations & Environment Division (IED), Cleanup Branch

contracted AECOM Technical Services, Inc. (AECOM) to perform Preliminary Assessments (PAs)

and Site Inspections (SI) for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid

(PFOA) Impacted Sites at ARNG Facilities Nationwide. The ARNG is assessing potential effects

on human health related to processes at facilities that used per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances

(PFAS), primarily in the form of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) released as part of firefighting

activities, although other PFAS sources are possible.

AECOM completed a PA for PFAS at the Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF) 1 in Green

Township, Summit County, Ohio to assess potential PFAS release areas and exposure pathways

to receptors. The AASF is constructed on a 76.9-acre parcel of land owned by the Akron-Canton

Regional Airport and leased to the Ohio ARNG (OHARNG) until 2061. The performance of this

PA included the following tasks:

· Reviewed data resources to obtain information relevant to suspected PFAS releases

· Conducted a site visit on 24 July 2018

· Interviewed current OHARNG personnel during the site visit, including safety and aviation

maintenance officer and hazardous waste manager, as well as the operations manager from

the adjacent Akron-Canton Regional Airport

· Completed visual site inspection at known or suspected PFAS use, storage, or release

locations and documented with photographs;

· Developed a preliminary conceptual site model (CSM) to outline the potential release and

pathway of PFAS for the Area(s) of Interest (AOIs) and the facility (Figure ES-1)

Three AOIs related to PFAS use, storage, or potential release were identified at the AASF 1 during

the PA. The AOIs are shown on Figure ES-1 and described in the table below:

Table ES-1: Areas of Interest

Area of Interest Name Used by Release Dates

AOI 1 Storage and Ramp

Area

OHARNG Unknown

AOI 2 AASF 1 Hangar OHARNG System testing in

2007

AOI 3 Wetland OHARNG Secondary

Accumulation

Based on the long-term exterior storage of AFFF-containing TriMaxTM tanks and known storage of

mobile fire extinguishers along the paved ramp area at AOI 1, potential releases could result in

site and construction worker exposure to PFAS in surface and subsurface soil to via inhalation

and ingestion. Given water flow patterns and the close proximity of private drinking water wells,

potential releases from these tanks could also result in exposure to PFAS in groundwater and

surface water via ingestion to site workers, construction workers, trespassers, and resident

receptors at AOI 1.

Any potential releases within AOI 2 would likely be captured in the AASF 1 Hangar drains, which

flow to an underground oil water separator that is connected to the City municipal water system.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

2

However, any residual AFFF from the AASF 1 Hangar not captured within the indoor floor drains

has the potential to flow to the outside grated drains located throughout the AASF 1 and the paved

parking area.

Based on the contained nature of the historic hangar release and the connection to city

wastewater, ground disturbing activities at AOI 2 are not likely to result in site and construction

worker exposure to potential PFAS contamination via inhalation of dust or ingestion of soil, surface

soil, or subsurface soil. However, known and potential releases within and around AOI 2 have the

potential to migrate to the nearby grated drains and impact groundwater and surface water.

Therefore, based on groundwater flow, surface water drainage, and the close proximity of private

drinking water wells in the area, there is the potential for exposure to PFAS contamination in

groundwater to residents and trespassers, and surface water and sediment to all receptors at AOI

2.

Known and potential AFFF releases to surface soil and surface water throughout the facility have

the potential to migrate to the on-site wetland, on the southeast edge of AASF 1. Based on surface

water flow patterns and the potential for surface drainage and runoff to flow into AOI 3, AFFFreleases to surface soil and surface water have the potential to result in PFAS exposure to site

and construction workers via inhalation and ingestion of surface soil, subsurface soil, and

sediment, or potential exposure to PFAS in groundwater and surface water via ingestion to site

workers, construction workers, trespassers, and resident receptors at AOI 3.

A summary CSM for all identified AOIs within the AASF 1 are shown on Figure ES-2.
Fire Station

Airplane Crash

Storage and Ramp Area

AASF 1 Hangar

Wetland

Nozzle Test Area

AOI 2

AOI 1 AOI 3

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

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7/30/2019

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure ES-1

Summary of Findings

Legend

Area of Interest

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Water Body

Wetland

River/Stream

0 500 1,000 2,000

Feet

3
Media

SOURCE PATHWAY RE

AOI 1AOI 2AOI 3

Potential spills or 

releases during 

outside storage; 

hangar release; 

secondary 

accumulation

PFAS in 

Surface Soil

PFAS in 

Subsurface 

Soil

Human 

Activities

Precipitation/ 

Run-Off

Leaching/ Infiltration

Airborne Soil 

particulate

Surface Soil 

at AOI

Surface 

Water/ 

sediment

Subsurface 

Soil

Shallow 

Groundwater

Source Release Mechanism Media Transport and Migration Media Exposure Routes

Inhalation of 

Dust

IngestionIngestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Hum

C

Flow-Chart ContinuesPartial / Possible FlowFlow-Chart StopsIncomplete PathwayPotentially Complete PathwayComplete Pathway

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

LEGEND

Figure E

Preliminary Concep

AASF

Potential 

Off-Facility 

Source Not 

under 

Control of 

ARNG

PFAS in 

Surface 

Water

/ 

/ / / 

Notes:1. The resident receptor refers to an off-site resident.2. Dermal contact exposure pathway is incomplete for PFAS.

/
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

5

1. Introduction

Authority and Purpose

The United States (US) Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Baltimore District on behalf of the 

Army National Guard (ARNG)-Installations & Environment Division (IED), Cleanup Branch 

contracted AECOM Technical Services, Inc. (AECOM) to perform Preliminary Assessments (PAs) 

and Site Inspections (SI) for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid 

(PFOA) Impacted Sites at ARNG Facilities Nationwide under Contract Number W912DR-12-D0014, Task Order W912DR17F0192, issued 11 August 2017. The ARNG is assessing potential 

effects on human health related to processes at facilities that used per- and poly-fluoroalkyl 

substances (PFAS), primarily in the form of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) released as part 

of firefighting activities, although other PFAS sources are possible. In addition, the ARNG is 

assessing businesses or operations adjacent to the ARNG facility (not under the control of ARNG) 

that could potentially be responsible for a PFAS release. 

PFAS are classified as emerging environmental contaminants that are garnering increasing 

regulatory interest due to their potential risks to human health and the environment. PFAS 

formulations contain highly diverse mixtures of compounds. Thus, the fate of PFAS compounds 

in the environment varies. The regulatory framework at both federal and state levels continues to 

evolve. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued Drinking Water Health 

Advisories for PFOA and PFOS in May 2016, but there are currently no promulgated national 

standards regulating PFAS in drinking water. In the absence of federal maximum contaminant 

levels, some states have adopted their own drinking water standards for PFAS; however, the Ohio 

Environmental Protection Agency has not issued any regulatory standards relating to maximum 

contaminant levels of PFAS in drinking water.

This report presents findings of a PA for PFAS at the Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF) 1 

(also referred to as the “facility”) in North Canton, Ohio, in accordance with the Comprehensive 

Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended, the National 

Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (40 Code of Federal Regulations 

[CFR] Part 300), and USACE requirements and guidance. 

This PA documents the known fire training areas (FTAs), as well as other locations where PFAS 

may have been used, stored, or potentially released into the environment at the AASF 1. The term 

PFAS will be used throughout this report to encompass all PFAS chemicals being evaluated, 

including PFOS and PFOA, which are key components of AFFF.

Preliminary Assessment Methods

The performance of this PA included the following tasks: 

· Reviewed data resources to obtain information relevant to suspected PFAS releases;

· Conducted a site visit on 24 July 2018;

· Interviewed current Ohio ARNG (OHARNG) personnel during the site visit, including safety 

and aviation maintenance officer and hazardous waste manager, as well as the operations 

manager from the adjacent Akron-Canton Regional Airport;

· Completed visual site inspection at known or suspected PFAS use, storage, or release 

locations and documented with photographs;

· Developed a conceptual site model (CSM) to outline the potential release and pathway of 

PFAS for the Area(s) of Interest (AOIs) and the facility.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

6

Report Organization

This report has been prepared in accordance with the USEPA Guidance for Performing 

Preliminary Assessments under CERCLA (USEPA, 1991). The report outline is as follows:

· Section 1 – Introduction: identifies the project purpose and authority and describes the 

facility location, environmental setting, and methods used to complete the PA

· Section 2 – Fire Training Areas: describes the FTAs at the facility identified during the site 

visit 

· Section 3 – Non-Fire Training Areas: describes other locations of PFAS releases at the 

facility identified during the site visit 

· Section 4 – Emergency Response Areas: describes areas of AFFF release at the facility, 

specifically in response to emergency situations 

· Section 5 – Adjacent Sources: describes sources of PFAS release adjacent to the facility 

that are not under the control of ARNG 

· Section 6 – Preliminary Conceptual Site Model: describes the pathways of PFAS transport 

and receptors for the AOIs and the facility 

· Section 7 – Conclusions: summarizes the data findings and presents the conclusions of the 

PA 

· Section 8 – References: provides the references used to develop this document

· Appendix A – Data Resources

· Appendix B – Preliminary Assessment Documentation

· Appendix C – Photographic Log

Facility Location and Description

AASF 1 is home to Army Aviation Units, and it is located in Green Township, Summit County, 

Ohio, on the north portion of the Akron-Canton Regional Airport (Figure 1-1). The ARNG signed 

a lease in 1984 for property owned by the Akron-Canton Regional Airport Authority and, through 

an amendment in 2010, has an active lease for the 76.9-acre property until 2061. The facility 

currently has an AASF building, an aviation support area, helicopter parking area, vehicle 

maintenance area, and an armory. Hover operations and other flight training activities occur on 

and near the helicopter pad 

Facility Environmental Setting

AASF 1 is located in the Appalachian Highlands region of Ohio. The Appalachian Highlands 

encompass the eastern part of the state and are characterized by alternating plateaus and plains 

and a higher relief than the adjacent Interior Plains. The terrain around the facility exhibits 

moderate to low relief. The elevation of the facility is approximately 1,215 feet above mean sea 

level. The facility is surrounded by farmland and deciduous forest to the north and west, the AkronCanton Regional Airport to the southeast, and residential areas to the west.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

7

1.5.1 Geology

AASF 1 lies within the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province, Akron-Canton Interlobate

Plateau district. It occupies a hummocky area between two converging glacial lobes and is

dominated by kames, kame terraces, eskers, kettles, kettle lakes, bogs, and fens (ODGS, 1998).

AASF 1 is situated on sandy Wisconsinan-age clay to loam glacial till (ODGS, 1998). The glacial

till unit is generally 21 to 50 feet thick and may be up to 80 feet thick locally (ODGS, 2004). The

glacial till is underlain by shale and siltstone bedrock of the Allegheny and Pottsville Groups. The

shale and siltstone are interbedded with minor very fine- to medium-grained sandstone and minor

limestone. Incidental coal beds up to 12 feet thick may occur locally. The Allegheny and Pottsville

Groups are up to 700 feet thick (Slucher, E.R. et al., 2006).

1.5.2 Hydrogeology

AASF 1 is located in the Appalachian Plateaus aquifer system. The aquifer system has two major

hydrogeologic units within the vicinity of the AASF 1: (1) the surficial aquifer system and (2) the

Pennsylvanian aquifers. The surficial aquifers consist of glacial or alluvial sand and gravel

deposits surrounded by low-permeability glacial till and are concentrated in stream valleys. Yields

from the surficial aquifer are typically low in the vicinity of the AASF 1 and increase westward

towards Singer Lake and Nimisila Reservoir. The Pennsylvanian aquifer is composed primarily of

sandstone and shale from the Allegheny and Pottsville Groups. Yields from the sandstone and

shale are generally 3 to 10 gallons per minute (gpm). Yields as much as 50 gpm have been

obtained from the Sharon conglomerate member of the Allegheny and Pottsville Groups at depths

greater than 100 feet below ground surface (bgs) (Schmidt, 1979).

The property is located on a groundwater divide in both the surficial aquifer system and the

Pennsylvanian aquifers. Groundwater in the eastern part of the property flows east towards a

tributary of the West Branch of Nimishillen Creek; groundwater in the western part of the property

flows west, southwest, and northwest toward a tributary of Nimisila Creek (Figure 1-2). According

to the Ohio Water Wells database, the average depth to water in the immediate vicinity of the

AASF 1 ranges from 10 to 80 feet bgs (ODNR, 2018).

Domestic, industrial, public/semi-public, agricultural/irrigation, and monitoring wells are located

within a mile of the property (Figure 1-2). A query of the Ohio Water Wells database showed

several private drinking water wells within a half-mile of the facility, as well as one public/semipublic supply well on the property; however, interviewees confirmed that this drinking water well 

has been inactive for approximately 10 years (ODNR, 2018). Drinking water within the facility is

now provided by Aqua Ohio, a public water utility provider and a subsidiary of Aqua America. Aqua

Ohio serves multiple counties and receives the drinking water it distributes from groundwater and

a series of surface water locations at Evans, Pine, Hamilton, and McKelvey Lakes and Lake Erie

(Aqua, 2018). The adjacent Akron-Canton Regional Airport drinking water supplies are provided

by the city of North Canton, located about 3.5 miles south. Drinking water from the city of North

Canton is supplied by a serious of six groundwater drinking wells in and around the North Canton

area.

1.5.3 Hydrology

Regional surface water features include Willowdale Lake to the southwest, the Nimisila Reservoir

to the west, and the Portage Lakes to the northwest. The Nimisila Reservoir is used to maintain

a constant water supply in the Portage Lakes, and surface water is withdrawn from the Portage

Lakes for industrial use.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

8

No surface water flows onto AASF 1. Three streams flow to the east, west, and north of the facility,

respectively. An unnamed tributary of the West Branch of Nimishillen Creek begins approximately

2,000 feet from the eastern boundary of the facility and flows to the southeast. An unnamed

tributary of Nimisila Creek begins approximately 2,800 feet from the western boundary of the

facility and flows to the south/southwest for approximately 2.5 miles, where it enters Willowdale

Lake. An unnamed stream flowing to the north begins approximately 1,800 feet from the northern

boundary of the facility. Lake Cable, a popular lake for recreational activities, is located

approximately four miles south of the AASF 1. Recreational use of nearby surface water bodies,

including Willowdale Lake, Lake Cable, and other surrounding tributaries is high.

Three small forested/shrub wetlands are located within and directly surrounding the facility

boundary. Two wetland areas are located outside the southeast boundary of the facility, one

wetland is located outside the northeast corner of the facility boundary, and one wetland is locted

on the southeastern edge of the facility (CHA, 2015). An approximately 18.4-acre forested/shrub

wetland begins approximately 930 feet from the north property boundary and drains into the

unnamed stream to the north of the facility. Surface drainage from AASF 1 empties into these

wetlands, as well as into the unnamed streams to the north and east of the facility (Figure 1-3).

Any surface drainage not emptied into these wetlands is captured by grated drains throughout

the facility and the adjacent property and is discharged through an outfall east of the facility, within

the Akron-Canton Airport facility boundary. Discharge from this outfall eventually flows into

Schumacher Ditch, approximately 1.5 miles east of AASF 1 (see Figure 1-3). Schumacher Ditch

flows through Stark County and parts of the city of Green and discharges to the west branch of

Nimisila Creek.

The Akron-Canton Airport property is broken up into eight designated drainage areas, with the

AASF 1 located in the northern-most drainage area, which is about 500 acres. This area drains

surface water to the east/southeast and discharges through a designated outfall on the eastern

boundary of Akron-Canton Airport, eventually flowing into Schumacher Ditch. This outfall is

operated and managed by the Akron-Canton Airport, and holds an NPDES permit (CHA, 2015).

Four side channels are associated with this ditch; however, Schumacher Ditch is the main 

waterway that captures stormwater and surface flow from this entire drainage area, including the

outfall associated with the AASF 1 (EDG, 1994).

1.5.4 Climate

The climate at the AASF 1 is temperate, humid subtropical, with cool to cold winters and long, hot

summers. The average temperature is 49.9 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), with summer highs of 80.1

°F and winter lows of 21.4 °F. Average annual precipitation is 39.62 inches (NOAA, 2018).

1.5.5 Current and Future Land Use

The AASF 1 is located on the northern portion of the Akron-Canton Regional Airport, with

various small residential areas surrounding the facility, and several small local parks to the north

and west. A small taxiway extends from the OHARNG apron to the intersection of Taxiway K

and D at the Akron-Canton Airport (CHA, 2015). A helicopter pad and work area are present

within the facility, where hover operations and other flight training activities are performed (CHA,

2015). Directly east of the facility boundary lies Runway 19. Within the facility boundaries are an

AASF hangar, an armory building, helicopter parking area, and vehicle maintenance area.

Within the National Guard complex is a Navy Operational Suport Center (NOSC) that was built

in 2011 and is leased by the United States Navy Reserve. This one-story facility was

constructed under BRAC and consolidated NOSC Akron and NOSC Cleveland (CHA, 2015).

ARNG has an active lease of the AASF 1 until 2061, and future land use is not anticipated to

change during that time.
­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

TK

5/17/2019

5/17/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at AASF1, OH

5/17/2019

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Base Map: Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, USGS,

Intermap, increment P Corp., NRCAN, Esri Japan, METI,

Figure 1-1

Facility Location

Legend

Facility Boundary

0 0.5 1 2

Miles

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­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

TK

5/17/2019

5/17/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at AASF1, OH

5/17/2019

1:19,200

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 1-2

Groundwater Features

Legend

Facility Boundary

Water Body

Wetland

River/Stream

Inferred Groundwater Flow

Direction

Geology

Allegheny and Pottsville

Groups, Undivided

Wells

!P Domestic Well

!5 Agriculture/Irrigation Well

!5 Industrial Well

!C( Public/Semi-Public Water

Supply Well

A! Monitoring Well

A! Other Well

0 800 1,600 3,200

Feet

10
Schumac

h

er D itch

Headwaters

Tuscarawas

River Watershed

West Branch

Nimishillen

Creek Watershed

Nimisila

Reservoir-Nimisila

Creek Watershed

West Branch

of Nimishill en Creek

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 1-3

Surface Water Features

Legend

Facility Boundary

Water Body

Wetland

River/Stream

Surface Water Flow

Direction

0 800 1,600 3,200

Feet

11
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

12

2. Fire Training Areas

Interviewee knowledge from OHARNG personnel dates back to 2013; however, interviewee 

knowledge from the adjacent airport dates back to 1979. Based on collective knowledge of

interviewee’s, historical document review, and review of Environmental Data Resource reports,

FTAs have never existed within the AASF 1.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

13

3. Non-Fire Training Areas

Three non-FTAs where AFFF was potentially stored and/or released were identified during the 

PA. Descriptions of the non-FTAs are presented below, and the non-FTAs are shown on Figure 

3-1. 

Storage and Ramp Area

There are currently eleven (11) TriMaxTM 30 tanks stored outside the southern border of AASF 1 

Building 5, on the northwestern portion of the aircraft parking area. Nine of the tanks are filled with 

concentrated 3 percent (%) AFFF, while two of the tanks are empty. Interviewees confirmed that 

one of the empty tanks was previously released during an offsite training event approximately 

three to four years ago (i.e., approximately 2015 or 2014) at the Akron-Canton Airport; this event 

is described in Section 5.1. The other empty TriMaxTM tank had non-functional parts, and the 

contents were drained into 5-gallon buckets and sent for disposal in 2018; however, the location 

of this transfer is unknown.

Five of the TriMaxTM tanks were covered and were previously stored inside the AASF 1 Building 

area (since approximately 2000 or 2001). Six of the TriMaxTM tanks were uncovered and were 

previously stored inside of Building 5. It is unknown what year the tanks were transferred from 

inside their prospective buildings to the exterior of Building 5. Interviewees recalled these tanks 

being stored outside for several years; however, aerial photography from May 2017 does not 

show these tanks stored outside. It is estimated that these tanks are 15 to 20 years old, although 

the exact origin of these tanks is unknown. According to inspection tags, these tanks were last 

serviced in July 2014. 

While no spills or releases have been reported from the nine full tanks stored outside, the storage 

of these tanks in a non-climate controlled area since at least 2017 without inspection for several 

years indicates a potential for unintended spills or releases. The long-term storage location of the 

TriMaxTM tanks falls within a surface water divide; depending on various factors, surface water can 

flow to either the east or the west. Suface water flow to the west migrates towards off-site wetlands 

and other grassy areas. Surface water flow to the east is towards an identified on-site wetland, 

as well as towards a designated surface drainage system. Any potential spills or releases on or 

around this TriMaxTM Storage Area have the potential to migrate and impact these various areas.

Historical aerial photography shows the presence of mobile fire extinguishers along the paved 

ramp area from at least 2006 until 2018. Generally, safety standards require at least one mobile 

fire extinguisher for every two helicopters. During interviews, it could not be confirmed if the mobile 

extinguishers previously stored along the ramp area contained AFFF or PFAS material; however, 

given the facility history included the presence of TriMaxTM tanks and other previous AFFF storage, 

there is the potential for these mobile fire extinguishers to contain PFAS. Any potential spills or 

relases in this area would follow the same pattern as the long-term TriMaxTM storage, and leaves 

the potential for PFAS exposure. 

AASF 1 Hangar

The AASF 1 Hangar was constructed between 1987 and 1988, which included a main hangar and 

larger attached armory building; however, the armory was not investigated or inspected during 

this PA. Aviation maintenance and storage of aircraft occurs at this building. Original construction 

of the AASF 1 Hangar did not include a fire suppression system. The AASF 1 Hangar was 

retrofitted in 2006 to include a high expansion foam (HEF) fire suppression system. This fire 

suppression system included a 400-gallon tank containing concentrated Buckeye HEF 2.2%. In 

2007, a test of the system occurred that resulted in a full release of the system. According to 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

14

interviewees, the bay doors were closed, and all foam from the test was washed down the drains 

within the AASF 1 Hangar. The drains within the AASF 1 Hangar are connected to an underground 

oil water separator that then routes any residual material to the local municipal wastewater 

system. Five of the TriMaxTM tanks located within the TriMaxTM storage were previously stored 

inside the AASF 1 Building area (since approximately 2000 or 2001), and then transferred to 

outside storage sometime within the last several years. However, interviewee’s were unable to 

confirm the exact storage location within the AASF 1 Building. Whether floor drains were present 

within the storage area or whether the storage location was climate-controlled is unknown. The 

long-term and undocumented storage of these tanks within the AASF 1 leaves the potential for 

unintended spills or releases. 

During the site visit, interviewees noted that 26 5-gallon containers of AFFF concentrate were 

removed from the AASF 1 Hangar and disposed of off-site approximately three months prior (i.e., 

approximately April 2018). The disposed AFFF product was from two manufacturers: (1) 

Chemguard and (2) Minnesota Mining and MFG Co Industrial Chem Products; pictures of these 

buckets are provided in Appendix C. The 5-gallon buckets from Chemguard contained TriMaxTM

Arctic Minus 40 Degree AFFF. The 5-gallon buckets from The Minnesota Mining and MFG Co 

Industrial Chem Products contained 6% concentrated AFFF. 

According to base personnel, all 26 5-gallon buckets of AFFF were unopened and unused during 

the entire duration of storage at the facility. It is estimated that the containers were located within 

the facility for approximately 10 years prior to disposal; however, it is unknown where the buckets 

originated from. Interviewees also had no knowledge of the procurement of the AFFF buckets, 

and there was no knowledge of spills or releases during their time of storage at the facility. 

A half-filled 5-gallon bucket of Class A wildland fire fighting foam was noted during the site visit. 

The bucket’s origin and use was unknown by interviewees; however, this foam is not believed to 

contain PFAS. Yearly nozzle testing of the suppression system involves the release of 

approximately 50-gallons of water. The yearly nozzle tests bypass the HEF valves and only 

releases water on the west end of the AASF 1 Building. As mentioned in Section 3.1, five full 

TriMaxTM tanks were previously stored inside of the AASF 1 Hangar, but the exact storage location 

of these TriMaxTM tanks and the duration of their storage before relocation are unknown. 

Wetland

Several wetlands exist directly around the facility. On the southeast edge of the facility property 

lies a small wetland extending on- and off-facility. Surface drainage from AASF 1 empties into 

these various wetlands, including the wetland partially located within the AASF 1 property, as well 

as into the unnamed streams to the north and east of the facility (Figure 1-3). Any surface runoff 

not directed into these wetlands is captured by grated drains throughout the facility and the 

adjacent property, which is discharged through an outfall east of the facility, within the AkronCanton Airport facility boundary (see Section 1.5.3). 

While there have been no known or suspected direct releases directly into the on-site wetland, 

the close proximity of the other releases discussed above coupled with a general surface water 

flow direction to the east leaves the potential for migrating PFAS to impact this wetland. This 

wetland can receive and store potentially impacted stormwater and surface water runoff from 

around the facility.
Storage and Ramp Area

AASF 1 Hangar

Wetland

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 3-1

Non-Fire Training Areas

Legend

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Wetland

0 200 400 800

Feet

15
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

16

4. Emergency Response Areas

Interviewee knowledge from OHARNG personnel dates back to 2013; however, interviewee 

knowledge from the adjacent airport dates back to 1979. Based on collective knowledge of

interviewee’s, historical document review, and review of Environmental Data Resource reports,

no emergency response areas were identified within the AASF 1.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

17

5. Adjacent Sources

Four potential off-facility sources of PFAS adjacent to the AASF, not under the control of the 

OHARNG, were identified during the PA. Descriptions of the adjacent sources are presented 

below and are shown on Figure 5-1.

Fire Station

Interviewees recalled that approximately two to four years ago (between 2015 and 2017), a onetime fire training event occurred at the Fire Station, located at Akron-Canton Regional Airport. The 

coordinates of this fire training event are 40o54’33.58’’N; 81o26’11.58’’W. One full TriMaxTM tank 

containing 3% concentrated AFFF was brought in from the OHARNG for this training; it is 

estimated that approximately 30 gallons of concentrated AFFF from this tank were released during 

this training exercise. A trainer was brought in to teach OHANG and OHARNG personnel how to 

operate the nozzles and hoses from the TriMaxTM tanks. None of the AFFF used during this training 

event was captured; all releases were allowed to dissipate onto the surrounding ground, which 

consists of concrete, asphalt, and some grassy areas. 

During follow-up interviews with personnel from the Akron-Canton Airport, it was confirmed that 

the Fire Station has a current and past history of AFFF use and storage. Currently, two firetrucks 

with AFFF tanks are located within the Fire Station. While the capacity of the AFFF tanks on the 

trucks are unknown, each tank holds 3% AFFF. In addition to the firetrucks containing AFFF, the 

Fire Station stores 55-gallon drums, 5-gallon buckets, and 340-gallon totes of concentrated 3% 

AFFF. Exact quantities of all stored AFFF within the Fire Station are unknown. The AFFF tanks 

on the two firetrucks are refilled manually by hand, directly at the fire station, on an as-needed 

basis. There have been no identified spills or releases relating to AFFF storage at the fire station; 

however, the manual refilling of tanks on the firetrucks leaves the potential for minor spills or 

releases during transfer. 

Between approximately 1986 and 1995, one firetruck from the National Guard was stored at the 

Fire Station within the Akron-Canton Airport. It is unknown if this firetruck contained an AFFF tank, 

or if the firetruck were ever deployed for emergency response or fire training activities; however, 

it was confirmed that there were no firetrucks stored at the AASF 1 historically or currently.

Airplane Crash

In approximately 2010, an airplane crash occurred along the north side of Runway 5. According 

to interviewees, approximately 50 gallons of concentrated 3% AFFF were used for this emergency 

incident. The incident was responded to by personnel at the Akron-Canton Regional Airport, and 

any AFFF used during the event was in possession by the responding fire station. According to 

personnel at the Akron-Canton Regional Airport, it is believed that multiple other emergency 

response incidents at the airport involved the use of AFFF; however, specific information, such as 

timeframe of use, concentration, quantity, and locations, could not be confirmed. 

Nozzle Test Area

According to interviews, yearly nozzle testing of the firetrucks occurs in an area west of Runway 

23 that includes both paved and grassy areas. This yearly testing involves the release of 

approximately 10 to 15 gallons of concentrated AFFF. The AFFF is allowed to dissipate onto the 

surrounding ground, which consists of asphalt and grassy areas. This nozzle testing is known to 

have occurred for the last several years; however, an exact timeframe for this yearly nozzle testing 

is unknown. 
Fire Station

Airplane Crash

Nozzle Test Area

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 5-1

Adjacent Sources

Legend

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Water Body

Wetland

River/Stream

0 500 1,000 2,000

Feet

18
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

19

6. Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

Based on the PA findings, three AOIs were identified at the AASF 1: (1) AOI 1 Tri-MaxTM Storage 

Area, (2) AOI 2 AASF 1 Building, and (3) AOI 3 Wetland. The AOI locations are shown on Figure 

6-1. The following sections describe the CSM components and the specific CSMs developed for 

AOI 1 and 2. The CSM identifies the three components necessary for a potentially complete 

exposure pathway: (1) source, (2) pathway, (3) receptor. If any of these elements are missing, the 

pathway is considered incomplete.

In general, the potential PFAS exposure pathways are ingestion and inhalation. Human exposure 

via the dermal contact pathway may occur, and current risk practice suggests it is an insignificant 

pathway compared to ingestion; however, exposure data for dermal pathways is sparse and 

continues to be the subject of PFAS toxicological study. Receptors at the AASF include site 

workers and construction workers. The preliminary CSM for the AASF indicates which specific 

receptors could potentially be exposed to PFAS. 

AOI 1 Storage and Ramp Area

AOI 1 is the Storage and Ramp Area. As identified in Section 3.1, there are currently 11 TriMaxTM

30 tanks stored outside the southern border of Building 5. Refer to Section 3.1 for further 

description of this storage area, the tanks, and their AFFF contents. One of the tanks, now empty, 

was released during an offsite training event approximately two to four years ago . No other spills 

or releases have been reported from these tanks; however, as described in Section 3.1, the 

storage of TriMaxTM tanks in non-climate controlled areas since at least 2017 and without 

inspection for several years leaves the potential for unintended spills or releases from these tanks.

Additionally, historic aerial photographs show the presence of mobile fire extinguishers throughout 

the paved helicopter ramp area from at least 2006 until 2018. Interviewees could not confirm if 

the mobile fire extinguishers stored along the paved ramp area are PFAS-containing; however, 

given the known history of TriMaxTM tanks and other AFFF storage, there is the potential for these 

fire extinguishers to be PFAS-containing. 

If unintentional releases from the TriMaxTM tanks or mobile fire extinguishers along the ramp area 

occurred, ground-disturbing activities at AOI 1 could result in site and construction worker 

exposure to potential PFAS contamination via inhalation of dust or ingestion of surface soil. 

Therefore, the inhalation and ingestion pathways for these receptors are considered potentially 

complete. 

The TriMaxTM storage area is located on the edge of the paved asphalt parking ramp area, near 

grassy areas. The mobile fire extinguishers along the ramp area are all located in a paved area. 

Groundwater flow in these areas are generally to the west, towards the direction of private drinking 

water wells, while surface water flow is to the east. Drinking water within the facility is provided 

by a public water utility company; however, private drinking water wells are located within a halfmile of the facility (Section 1.5.2). The AASF 1 is surrounded by a public park, as well as 

residential, business, and industrial areas. Therefore, the ingestion exposure pathway for 

groundwater and surface water is considered potentially complete. The preliminary CSM for AOI 

1 is shown on Figure 6-2.

AOI 2 AASF 1 Hangar

AOI 2 is the AASF 1 Hangar. As described in Section 3.2, a full-release of HEF was reported in 

2007, following initial installation of a fire suppression system where all HEF was allowed to 

dissipate down the floor drains. Storage of 26 5-gallon buckets of AFFF as well as temporary 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

20

storage of several TriMaxTM tanks also occurred at this location. As described in Section 3.2, 

yearly nozzle tests occur on the HEF system; however, interviewees stated that no AFFF is 

released during these testing events. No spills or releases of AFFF have been reported from the 

storage of the buckets, the storage of TriMaxTM tanks, or the testing of the nozzles. 

While there is no knowledge or reports of releases within the AASF 1 other than the planned HEF 

release, the presence of a HEF fire suppression system, the long-term storage of 5-gallon buckets 

of AFFF, and the previous undocumented storage of several TriMaxTM tanks, leaves the potential 

for unintended AFFF spills or releases. Any potential releases within AOI 2 would be captured in 

the AASF 1 Hangar drains, which are connected to an underground oil water separator that routes 

any residual material to the local municipal wastewater system. Therefore, ground-disturbing 

activities at AOI 2 are not likely to result in site and construction worker exposure to potential 

PFAS contamination via inhalation of dust or ingestion of surface soil. The inhalation and ingestion 

pathways for these receptors are therefore considered incomplete. 

Drinking water within the facility is provided by a public water utility company; however, private 

drinking water wells are located within a half-mile of the facility (Section 1.5.2). The AASF 1 is 

surrounded by a public park, as well as residential, business, and industrial areas, and any 

potential discharge from the AASF 1 or the drains surrounding the AASF 1 has the potential to 

impact surrounding surface water bodies. Surface drainage from the AASF 1 empties into various 

wetlands both within and directly surrounding the facility, as well as the unnamed streams to the 

north and east of the facility (Figure 1-3). Any surface drainage not emptied into these wetlands 

is captured into grated drains throughout the facility and discharged to the east of the facility, 

eventually flowing into Schumacher Ditch. Therefore, the ingestion exposure pathway for 

groundwater and surface water is considered potentially complete. The preliminary CSM for AOI 

2 is shown on Figure 6-3.

AOI 3 Wetland

AOI 3 is the Wetland located on the southeast portion of the AASF 1. Several wetlands exist 

directly around the facility; however, only one wetland lies partly within the facility boundary. 

Surface drainage from the AASF 1 empties into various wetlands both within and directly 

surrounding the facility, as well as the unnamed streams to the north and east of the facility 

(Figure 1-3). While no direct releases of AFFF into this AOI have been identified, the close 

proximity to other potential release or storage areas as well as the known direction of surface 

water flow leaves the potential for AFFF residual to flow into this AOI. 

Therefore, the ingestion exposure pathway for surface soil, subsurface soil, surface 

water/sediment and groundwater are considered potentially complete. Ground-disturbing 

activities at AOI 3 could result in site and construction worker exposure to potential PFAS 

contamination via inhalation of dust or ingestion of surface soil. Therefore, the inhalation and 

ingestion pathways for these receptors are considered potentially complete. The preliminary CSM 

for AOI 3 is shown on Figure 6-4. 
!P

!P

A!

!P

A! A!

A!

A

A!

!5

!P

A!

!P

A!

A!

!P

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

!C(

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

!5

A!

!P

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

A!

Headwaters

Tuscarawas River

Watershed

West Branch

Nimishillen

Creek Watershed

Nimisila

Reservoir-Nimisila

Creek Watershed

Fire Station

Airplane Crash

Storage and Ramp Area

AASF 1 Hangar

Wetland

Nozzle Test Area

AOI 2

AOI 1 AOI 3

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 6-1

Area of Interest

Legend

Area of Interest

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Water Body

Wetland

River/Stream

Surface Water Flow

Direction

Inferred Groundwater Flow

Direction

!P Domestic Well

A! Monitoring Well

A! Other Well

0 500 1,000 2,000

Feet

21
Media

SOURCE PATHWAY RE

AOI 1

Potential 

spills or 

releases 

during outside 

storage

PFAS in 

Surface Soil

PFAS in 

Subsurface 

Soil

Human 

Activities

Precipitation/ 

Run-Off

Leaching/ Infiltration

Airborne Soil 

particulate

Surface Soil 

at AOI

Surface 

Water/ 

sediment

Subsurface 

Soil

Shallow 

Groundwater

Source Release Mechanism Media Transport and Migration Media Exposure Routes

Inhalation of 

Dust

IngestionIngestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Hum

C

Flow-Chart ContinuesPartial / Possible FlowFlow-Chart StopsIncomplete PathwayPotentially Complete PathwayComplete Pathway

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

LEGEND

Figure 

Preliminary Concep

AOI 1 Storage an

AASF

Potential 

Off-Facility 

Source Not 

under 

Control of 

ARNG

PFAS in 

Surface 

Water

/ / 

/ 

/ 

/

Notes:1. The resident receptor refers to an offsite resident.2. Dermal contact exposure pathway is incomplete for PFAS.
SOURCE PATHWAY RE

AOI 2

Fire suppression 

system testing 

(full but 

contained 

release); historic 

storage 

PFAS in 

Surface 

Water

Human 

Activities

Precipitation/ 

Run-Off

Leaching/ Infiltration

Airborne Soil 

particulate

Surface Soil 

at AOI

Surface 

Water/ 

sediment

Subsurface 

Soil

Shallow 

Groundwater

Source Release Mechanism Media Transport and Migration Media Exposure Routes

Inhalation of 

Dust

IngestionIngestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Hum

C

Flow-Chart ContinuesPartial / Possible FlowFlow-Chart StopsIncomplete PathwayPotentially Complete PathwayComplete Pathway

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

LEGEND

Figure 

Preliminary Concep

AOI 2 AASF 1

AASF

Potential 

Off-Facility 

Source Not 

under 

Control of 

ARNG

/ / 

/ 

/ / 

Notes:1. The resident receptor refers to an offsite resident.2. Dermal contact exposure pathway is incomplete for PFAS.
Media

SOURCE PATHWAY RE

AOI 3

Surface water drainage from 

known or 

potential 

AFFF storage 

or release

PFAS in 

Surface Soil

PFAS in 

Subsurface 

Soil

Human 

Activities

Precipitation/ 

Run-Off

Leaching/ Infiltration

Airborne Soil 

particulate

Surface Soil 

at AOI

Surface 

Water/ 

sediment

Subsurface 

Soil

Shallow 

Groundwater

Source Release Mechanism Media Transport and Migration Media Exposure Routes

Inhalation of 

Dust

IngestionIngestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Hum

C

Flow-Chart ContinuesPartial / Possible FlowFlow-Chart StopsIncomplete PathwayPotentially Complete PathwayComplete Pathway

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

Site 

Worker

Cons

W

LEGEND

Figure 

Preliminary Concep

AOI 3 We

AASF

Potential 

Off-Facility 

Source Not 

under 

Control of 

ARNG

PFAS in 

Surface 

Water

/ / 

/ 

/ 

/

Notes:1. The resident receptor refers to an offsite resident.2. Dermal contact exposure pathway is incomplete for PFAS.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

25

7. Conclusions

This report presents a summary of available information gathered during the PA on the use and 

storage of AFFF and other PFAS-related activities at the AASF 1. The PA findings are based on 

the information presented in Appendix A and Appendix B.

Findings

Three AOIs related to a PFAS release were identified at the AASF 1 during the PA. These AOIs 

are shown on Figure 7-1 and described in Table 7-1 below:

Table 7-1: Areas of Interest

Area of Interest Name Used by Release Dates

AOI 1 Storage and Ramp 

Area

OHARNG Unknown

AOI 2 AASF 1 Hangar OHARNG System testing in 

2007

AOI 3 Wetland OHARNG Secondary 

Accumulation

Based on the exterior storage of AFFF-containing tanks at AOI 1, as well as documented presence 

and testing of the fire suppression system at AOI 2, there is potential for exposure to PFAS in 

groundwater and drinking water with potentially complete pathways to site workers, construction 

workers, trespassers, and resident receptors via ingestion. Receptors are less likely to be 

exposed to potential PFAS contamination through soil and air; however, some PFAS chemicals 

are water soluble and can migrate readily from soil to groundwater or surface water via leaching 

and run-off. Based on the outside, undocumented storage of TriMaxTM tanks at AOI 1, there is 

potential for exposure to PFAS contamination in surface soils to site and construction workers, 

residents, and recreational users/trespassers, and in subsurface soils to site and construction 

workers via inhalation and ingestion. There is also the potential for exposure to PFAS 

contamination in surface water and sediment for all receptors via ingestion, and in shallow 

groundwater for all receptors due to the close proximity of private drinking water wells within a 

half mile of the facility. The preliminary CSM for the AASF 1 AOI 1 is shown on Figure 6-2.

As 2007 testing of the HEF system was contained within AOI 2, and all potential spills or releases 

from storage of AFFF happened within the facility, incomplete exposure pathways exist for soil 

and subsurface soil at this AOI. However, the presence of a HEF fire suppression system, the 

long-term storage of 5-gallon buckets of AFFF, and the previous undocumented storage of several 

TriMaxTM tanks, leaves the potential for unintended AFFF spills or releases. Drinking water within 

the facility is provided by a public water utility company; however, private drinking water wells are 

located within a half-mile of the facility (Section 1.5.2). One potable well, now abandoned, is 

located on-site that was historically used for drinking water. Known and potential spills and 

releases within the facility could have resulted in migration of PFAS to groundwater. Surface 

drainage surrounding the AASF 1 empties into various wetlands both within and directly 

surrounding the facility, as well as the unnamed streams to the north and east of the facility 

(Figure 1-3). Any surface drainage not emptied into these wetlands is captured into grated drains 

throughout the facility and discharged to the east of the facility, eventually flowing into 

Schumacher Ditch. The close proximity of private drinking water wells and the high recreational 

use of nearby surface water bodies means potentially complete pathways exist for groundwater 

and drinking water to all receptors. The preliminary CSM for the AASF 1 Hangar AOI 2 is shown 

on Figure 6-3.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

26

Known and potential AFFF releases to surface soil and surface water throughout the facility have 

the potential to migrate to the on-site wetland, identified as AOI 3. Based on surface water flow 

patterns and the potential for surface drainage and runoff to flow into AOI 3, any potential AFFFreleases to surface soil and surface water have the potential to result in PFAS exposure to site 

and construction workers via inhalation and ingestion of surface or subsurface soil, or potential 

exposure to PFAS in sediment and surface water via ingestion to site workers, construction 

workers, trespassers, and resident receptors at AOI 3. The preliminary CSM for AOI 3 is shown 

on Figure 6-4.

Other than the identified Adjacent Sources, which are not investigated by the ARNG, all areas 

identified within the AAAF1 have potential or suspected releases, use, or storage of AFFF. 

Therefore, all identified areas are recommended for further action. 

Uncertainties 

A number of information sources were investigated during this PA to determine the potential for 

PFAS-containing materials to have been present, used, or released at the AASF. Historically, 

documentation of PFAS use was not required because PFAS were considered benign. Therefore, 

records were not typically kept by the facility or available during the PA on the disposition and use 

of PFAS in training, firefighting, or other non-traditional activities. 

The conclusions of this PA are predominantly based on the information provided during interviews 

with personnel who had direct knowledge of PFAS use at the facility. Sometimes the provided 

information was vague or conflicted with other sources. Gathered information has a degree of 

uncertainty due to the absence of written documentation, the limited number of personnel with 

direct knowledge due to staffing changes, the time passed since PFAS was first used (1969 to 

present), and a reliance on personal recollection. Inaccuracies may arise in potential PFAS 

release locations, dates of release, volume of releases, and the concentration of AFFF used. 

There is also a possibility the PA has missed a source of PFAS, as the science of how PFAS may 

enter the environment continually evolves.

In order to minimize the level of uncertainty, readily available data regarding the use and storage 

of PFAS were reviewed, retired and current personnel were interviewed, multiple persons were 

interviewed for the same potential source area, and potential source areas were visually 

inspected. Table 7-2 summarizes the uncertainties associated with the PA:

Table 7-2: Sources of Uncertainty

Area of Interest Source of Uncertainty

AOI 1 Storage and Ramp 

Area

The exact timeframe of storage of the TriMaxTM tanks at AOI 1 is 

unknown. Interviewees recall these tanks being outside for 

several years; however, aerial photography review from May 

2017 shows these tanks absent from their current storage 

location. 

Whether unintended spills or releases occurred from these tanks 

during storage is unknown. 

Whether transfer of residual AFFF from a non-operational 

TriMaxTM tank to 5-gallon buckets occurred at this location is 

unknown. 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

27

Area of Interest Source of Uncertainty

AOI 1 Storage and Ramp 

Area

It is unknown which entity or personnel are responsible for 

servicing the mobile TriMaxTM tanks and other fire extinguishers 

found onsite. 

Information regarding the storage of TriMaxTM tanks was obtained 

during interviews with personnel who began employment after 

storage of the tanks outside began. The source of how this 

information was obtained from the interviewee is unknown; 

therefore, there is a data gap between timeframe of interviewee 

employement and information relating to storage of TriMaxTM

tanks. 

AOI 2 AASF 1 Hangar Limited information was available on the amount of HEF foam 

released during the initial testing of the system in 2007. 

It is unknown how long the 5-gallon buckets of AFFF were stored 

at this facility before disposal or whether unintended spills or 

releases occurred from these buckets during storage. 

Interviewees were unable to confirm whether the bladder on the 

HEF system was ever replaced. 

AOI 3 Wetland Whether any potential historic releases of AFFF have resulted in 

direct drainage to this AOI is unknown. This area was designated 

as an AOI based on it’s proximity to identified potential release 

areas combined with known surface water flow directions. 

Fire Station The AFFF tank capacity on each of the two firetrucks is unknown. 

The timeframe of use for these AFFF-capable firetrucks at the 

Akron-Canton Airport is unknown. 

A former ARNG firetruck was stored at the Akron-Canton Airport 

fire station from approximately 1986 to 1995; however, it is 

unknown whether this firetruck were ever deployed for 

emergency response or fire training activities.

Exact quantities of AFFF released during the one-time training 

event is estimated. 

Nozzle Test Area Exact timeframe of nozzle testing is unknown. Annual nozzle 

testing involves the release of approximately 10 to 15 gallons of 

concentrated 3% AFFF within a designated location at the AkronCanton Airport; however, while this testing is known to have 

occurred over the last several years, it is unknown when this 

yearly testing began. 

Potential Future Action

Interviews and records (covering 2013 to present) indicate that current or former ARNG activities 

may have resulted in potential PFAS releases at the three AOIs identified during the PA. Based 

on the CSMs developed for the AOIs, there is potential for receptors to be exposed to PFAS 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

28

contamination in surface and subsurface soil, sediment, surface water, groundwater, and drinking

water at these AOIs. The table below summarizes the rationale used to determine if the AOI

should be considered for further investigation under the CERCLA process and undergo an SI.

ARNG will evaluate the need for an SI at AASF 1 based on the potential receptors, the potential

migration of PFAS contamination off the facility, and the availability of resources. Table 7-3

provides the rationale for determining potential future action at AASF 1.

Table 7-3: Rationale for Potential Future Action

Area of

Interest AOI Location Rationale Potential FutureAction

AOI 1 Storage

and Ramp Area

40°55’31.94”N;

81°26’54.36”W

(middle of ramp area)

Long-term outside storage of

TriMaxTM 30 tanks from

approximately 2006 until 2018.

Proceed to an SI,

focus on soil,

sediment, surface

water, drinking

water, and

groundwater

AOI 2 AASF 1

Hangar

40°55’37.40”N;

81°26’54.58”W

Presence of HEF fire

suppression system, long-term

storage of 5-gallon buckets of

AFFF, and previous

undocumented storage of

several TriMaxTM 30 tanks.

Proceed to an SI,

focus on

groundwater and

surface water.

AOI 3 Wetland 40°55’28.68”N;

81°26’44.68”W

Known and potential historic

releases combined with

direction of surface water flow

leaves the potential for this

area to be impacted by AFFF

releases.

Proceed to an SI,

focus on soil,

sediment, surface

water, drinking

water, and

groundwater
Fire Station

Airplane Crash

Storage and Ramp Area

AASF 1 Hangar

Wetland

Nozzle Test Area

AOI 2

AOI 1 AOI 3

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

TK

7/30/2019

7/30/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at AASF1, OH

7/30/2019

1:12,000

PM RG 7/30/2019

Q:\Projects\ENV\GEARS\GEO\ARNG PFAS\900-CAD-GIS\920-GIS or Graphics\MXD\OH\OH_AASF1_PA_Figures\Fig_7-1_OH_AASF1_Summary.mxd

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 7-1

Summary of Findings

Legend

Area of Interest

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Water Body

Wetland

River/Stream

0 500 1,000 2,000

Feet

29
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

30

8. References

Aqua. 2018. “Our States: Aqua Ohio Service Territory.” Aqua America.

https://www.aquaamerica.com/our-states/ohio.aspx. December 2018.

CHA. 2015. Akron-Canton Airport Airport Master Plan, Final Report. Semtember 2015.

Environmental Design Group (EDG). 1994. The City of Green, Ohio Comprehensive Storm Water

Study. November 1994.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2018. “Data Tools: 1981-2010

Normals: Akron Canton Airport, OH US.” NOAA National Centers for Environmental

Information. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals. August, 2018.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR), Division of Water Resources. 2018. Ohio Water

Well Viewer. https://gis.ohiodnr.gov/MapViewer/?config=waterwells. December 2018.

Ohio Division of Geological Survey (ODGS). 1998. “Physiographic regions of Ohio.” Ohio

Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, page-size map with text,

2 p., scale 1:2,100,000.

ODGS. 2004. “Shaded drift-thickness map of Ohio.” Ohio Department of Natural Resources,

Division of Geological Survey, Map SG-3, generalized page-size version with text, scale

1:2,000,000. Revised 2017.

Schmidt, J.J. 1979. “Ground Water Resources of Summit County.” Ohio Department of Natural

Resources, Division of Water, Ground Water Resources Section, map with text, 1 p.

Slucher, E.R., Swinford, E.M., Larsen, G.E., et al. 2006. “Bedrock Geologic Map of Ohio.” ODGS,

Map BG-1, version 6.0, scale 1:500,000.

USEPA, 1991. Guidance for Performing Preliminary Assessments under CERCLA. EPA/540/G91/013. September 1991.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

Data Resources
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report 

AASF1 

Green, Ohio 

Data Resources will be provided separately on CD. Data Resources for the Green AASF 1 includes: 

Green AASF 1 Leases, Licenses, and Permits 

• 2010 Amendment to Lease between Akron-Canton Regional Airport Authority and the State

of Ohio.

Green AASF 1 AFFF-Related Information 

• 2018 Disposal manifest for firefighting foam from Green AASF 1

• 1997 AFFF MSDS from Minnesota Mining & MFG Co Industrial Chem Products

• 2000 MSDS for TriMax Arctic Minus 40 Degree AFFF

Previous Investigations Completed at Green AASF 1

• 2015 Akron-Canton Airport Master Plan

• 2018 GIS Data Request

Green AASF 1 Installation Maps

• 1994-2018 Aerial Photos

• 2018 OHARNG Green AASF 1 Utility Map

• 2018 Installation Map

Green AASF 1 As-Builts

• 2006 As-Builts from installation

Green AASF 1 Correspondence

• 2018 E-Mail Confirming Ownership Information

• 2018 E-Mail Confirming Potential Off-Site Release Area

Green AASF 1 EDR Report

• 2018 Green AASF 1 EDR Report 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

Preliminary Assessment Documentation
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

Appendix B.1

Interview Records




PA Interview Questionnaire – Fire Station Facility:____Green_________

Interviewer:____

Date/Time:___7/24/18 & 12/5/18_____

Interviewee:

Title: Operations Manager (Akron-Canton 

Airport) 

Phone Number:

Email:_______________________________

Can your name/role be used in the PA Report? Y or N 

Can you recommend anyone we can interview?

Y or N __________________________

1. Roles or activities with the Facility/years working at the Facility.

Public safety officer and operations manager @ adjacent Akron-Canton Airport 

2. What can you tell us about the history of AFFF at the Facility? Was it used for any of the following

activities, circle all that apply and indicate years of active use, if known? Identify these locations on a

facility map.

Maintenance (e.g., ramp washing)

Fire Training Areas

Firefighting (Active Fire)

Crash

Fire Suppression Systems (Hangers/Dining Facilities)

Fire Protection at Fueling Stations

Non-Technical/Recreational/ Pest Management

3. Are any current buildings constructed with AFFF dispensing systems or fire suppression systems?

What are the AFFF/suppression system test requirements? What is the frequency of testing at the

AFFF/suppression systems?

No fire suppression systems or high expansion foam systems with AFFF 

4. Are fire suppression systems currently charged with AFFF or have they been retrofitted for use of

high expansion foam?

No

5. How is AFFF procured? Do you have an inventory/procurement system that tracks use?

Unsure
PA Interview Questionnaire – Fire Station Facility:____Green_________

Interviewer:____

Date/Time:___7/24/18 & 12/5/18_____

6. What type of AFFF has been/is being used (3%, 6%, Mil Spec Mil-F-24385, High Expansion)?

Manufacturer (3M, Dupont, Ansul, National Foam, Angus, Chemguard, Buckeye, Fire Service Plus)?

Unsure

7. Is AFFF formulated on base? If so, where is the solution mixed, contained, transferred, etc.?

No

8. Where is the AFFF stored? How is it stored (tanks, 55-gallon drums, 5-gallon buckets)? What

size are the storage tanks? Is the AFFF stored as a mixed solution (3% or 6%) or concentrated

material?

Only recall mobile tanks, no other FSS/HEF systems at the airport. Likely some type of AFFF at the 

fire station; however, unsure

9. How is the AFFF transferred to emergency response vehicles, suppression systems, flightline

extinguishers? Is/was there a specified area on the facility where vehicles are filled with AFFF and

does this area have secondary containment in case of spills? How and where are vehicles storing

AFFF cleaned/decontaminated?

Mobile AFFF fire extinguishers have been used in the past to extinguish fires

Recall crash from around 2010 that involved an aircraft; at least one TriMax tank was used to suppress 

fires. Crash occurred on north side of runway 5 and confirmed AFFF was used; however, quantity is 

unknown. 

Can recall several other crashes but information about location, quantity, and timeframe is unknown

10. Provide a list of vehicles that carried AFFF, now and in the past, and where are/were they located?

Possibly on firetrucks, but unsure
PA Interview Questionnaire – Fire Station Facility:____Green_________

Interviewer:____

Date/Time:___7/24/18 & 12/5/18_____

11. Any vehicles have a history of leaking AFFF? Do you/did you test the vehicles spray patterns to

make sure equipment is working properly? How often are/were these spray tests performed and can

you provide the locations of these tests, now and in the past?

Unsure

12. How many FTAs are/were on this facility and where are they? Locate on a map. How many FTAs 

are active and inactive? For inactive FTAs, when was the last time that fire training using AFFF 

was conducted at them? 

Recalls one fire training event occurring at the fire station located at the airport (address 4763 Mt. 

Pleasant Rd. North Canton, Ohio). At least one mobile extinguisher brought in. Only recall OHANG 

personnel attending this training 

Other fire training events involving AFFF in and around the airport have occurred in past; however, 

details are unknown 

13. What types of fuels/flammables were used at the FTAs? 

Unsure if any

14. What was the frequency of AFFF use at each location? When a release of AFFF occurs during a fire 

training exercise, now and in the past, how is/was the AFFF cleaned and disposed of? Were 

retention ponds built to store discharged AFFF? Was the AFFF trickled to the sanitary sewer or 

left in the pond to infiltrate?

Unsure

15. Are there mutual aid/use agreements between county, city, local fire department? Please list, even if 

informal. If formalized, may we have a copy of the agreement? Can you recall specific times when city, 

county, state personnel came on-post for training? If so, please state which state/county agency, 

military entity? Do you have any records, including photographs to share with us?
PA Interview Questionnaire – Fire Station Facility:____Green_________

Interviewer:____

Date/Time:___7/24/18 & 12/5/18_____

16. Did individual units come on-post with their own safety personnel, did they also bring their own AFFF? 

Was training with AFFF part of these exercises? How were emergencies handled under these 

circumstances?

TriMax tanks during one-time training were brought in from the nearby OHARNG facility 
PA Interview Questionnaire – Fire Station Facility:____Green_________

Interviewer:____

Date/Time:___7/24/18 & 12/5/18_____

17. Did military routinely or occasionally fire train off-post? List units that you can recall used/trained at 

various areas. 

18. Are there specific emergency response incident reports (i.e., aircraft or vehicle crash sites and fires)? If 

so, may we please copy these reports? Who (entity) was the responder?

19. Do you have records of fuel spill logs? Was it common practice to wash away fuel spills with

AFFF? Is/was AFFF used as a precaution in response to fuel releases or emergency runway 

landings to preventfires?

20. Was AFFF used for forest fires or fire management on-post/off-post? If so, please describe what 

happened and who was involved?

21. Can you provide any other locations where AFFF has been stored, released, or used (i.e. hangars, 

buildings, fire stations, firefighting equipment testing and maintenance areas, emergency response

sites, storm water/surface water, waste water treatment plants, and AFFF ponds)?
PA Interview Questionnaire – Fire Station Facility:____Green_________

Interviewer:____

Date/Time:___7/24/18 & 12/5/18_____

22. Are you aware of any other creative uses of AFFF? If so, how was AFFF used? What entities were 

involved?

23. How is off-spec AFFF disposed (used for training, turned in, or given to a local Fire Station)? If 

applicable, do you know the name of the vendor that removes off-spec AFFF? Do you have copies of 

the manifest or B/L?

24. Do you recommend anyone else we can interview? If so, do you have contact information for them?
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

Appendix B.2

Visual Site Inspection Checklists








PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

Appendix B.3

Conceptual Site Model Information
Preliminary Assessment – Conceptual Site Model Information

Site Name: Green Armory

Why has this location been identified as a site?

Fire suppression system in main hangar; close proximity to surrounding airfield and runways 

Are there any other activities nearby that could also impact this location?

Not current activities, no; only historical adjacent sources. 

Training Events

Have any training events with AFFF occurred at this site? No

If so, how often? N/A

How much material was used? Is it documented? N/A

Identify Potential Pathways: Do we have enough information to fully understand over land surface 

water flow, groundwater flow, and geological formations on and around the facility? Any direct 

pathways to larger water bodies?

Surface Water:

Surface water flow direction? East/Northeast

Average rainfall? 39.62 inches/year

Any flooding during rainy season? No

Direct or indirect pathway to ditches? Direct pathway to drainage ditches

Direct or indirect pathway to larger bodies of water? Indirect

Does surface water pond any place on site? Yes, several small wetlands directly surrounding facility

Any impoundment areas or retention ponds? No

Any NPDES location points near the site? No

How does surface water drain on and around the flight line? Surface water flows east/northeast towards 

West Branch of Nimishillen Creek Watershed and other surrounding tributaries
Preliminary Assessment – Conceptual Site Model Information

Groundwater:

Groundwater flow direction? On groundwater divide; east side of facility flows east, west side of the 

facility flows west

Depth to groundwater? 10-80 ft bgs

Uses (agricultural, drinking water, irrigation)? Drinking water, industrial, irrigation

Any groundwater treatment systems? No

Any groundwater monitoring well locations near the site? Yes, see Figure 1-2 and 1-3

Is groundwater used for drinking water? Yes but no potable wells within facility 

Are there drinking water supply wells on installation? No

Do they serve off-post populations? N/A

Are there off-post drinking water wells downgradient? Yes

Waste Water Treatment Plant:

Has the installation ever had a WWTP, past or present? No. Waste transferred to off-site WWTP

If so, do we understand the process and which water is/was treated at the plant? N/A

Do we understand the fate of sludge waste? Yes. Sludge from OWS evaporator is collected and disposed 

of as hazardous waste

Is surface water from potential contaminated sites treated? Unknown

Equipment Rinse Water

1. Is firefighting equipment washed? Where does the rinse water go? N/A (no fire station within the 

facility)

2. Are nozzles tested? How often are nozzles tested? Where are nozzles tested? Are nozzles cleaned after 

use? Where does the rinse water flow after cleaning nozzles?

N/A

3. Other? N/A
Preliminary Assessment – Conceptual Site Model Information

Identify Potential Receptors:

Site Worker: Surface water/sediment ingestion

Construction Worker: Surface water/sediment ingestion

Recreational User: Surface water, sediment and shallow groundwater ingestion

Residential: Surface water, sediment, and shallow groundwater ingestion

Child: Surface water, sediment, and shallow groundwater ingestion

Ecological: Fish/marine life within Big Walnut Creek and nearby tributaries 

Note what is located near by the site (e.g. daycare, schools, hospitals, churches, agricultural, livestock)?

Airport to the south/southeast, campground to the east, church to the west, park to the west

Documentation

Ask for Engineering drawings (if applicable).

Has there been a reconstruction or changes to the drainage system? When did that occur?

N/A
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

AASF 1

Green Township, Summit County, Ohio

Photographic Log
Preliminary Assessment Report

Green Armory AASF

Perfluorooctane-Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and 

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

AECOM

APPENDIX C – Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary

Assessment for PFAS Green Armory AASF Green, Ohio

Photograph No. 1

Description:

The overhead high expansion 

foam (HEF) fire suppression 

system inside of the AASF 1. 

Photograph No. 2

Description:

The thermal sensor used in the 

HEF fire suppression system 

within the AASF 1. 
Preliminary Assessment Report

Green Armory AASF

Perfluorooctane-Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and 

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

AECOM

APPENDIX C – Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary

Assessment for PFAS Green Armory AASF Green, Ohio

Photograph No. 3

Description:

The nozzle testing area within 

the AASF 1. 

Photograph No. 4

Description: 

The 400-gallon tank 

containing Buckeye 2.2% 

HEF within the AASF 1 

building. 
Preliminary Assessment Report

Green Armory AASF

Perfluorooctane-Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and 

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

AECOM

APPENDIX C – Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary

Assessment for PFAS Green Armory AASF Green, Ohio

Photograph No. 5

Description:

Facing east. View of the floor 

drains inside of the AASF 1 

hangar. 

Photograph No. 6

Description: 

Facing north. The view of the 

AASF 1 hangar from the front 

of Building 5. Storm drains 

are located throughout the 

paved asphalt area, with the 

closest drain approximately 

100 feet from the AASF 1 

hangar doors. 
Preliminary Assessment Report

Green Armory AASF

Perfluorooctane-Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and 

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

AECOM

APPENDIX C – Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary 

Assessment for PFAS Green Armory AASF Green, Ohio

Photograph No. 7

Description:

Facing south. View of the 11 

TriMax tanks lined up on the 

paved asphalt area, 

approximately 200 feet from 

Building 5.