Specialty Crops

Volume 2 • Subject Series • Part 8

AC-17-S-8

Issued December 2019

United States Department of Agriculture

Sonny Perdue, Secretary

National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hubert Hamer, Administrator
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2017 Census of Agriculture Contents III

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Introduction..................................................................................................................................Page V

TABLES

United States Data

1. Specialty Crops by Acres – United States: 2017................................................................. 1

2. Land in Farms, Harvested Cropland, Irrigated Land, and Market Value of Agricultural 

Products Sold on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017................................. 2

3. Legal Status for Tax Purposes on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017....... 3

4. Hired Farm Labor on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017.......................... 4

5. Producer Characteristics on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017................ 5

6. Race and Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin of Producers on Farms with 

Specialty Crops – United States: 2017 ................................................................................ 6

State Data

7. Specialty Crops Acres – United States and States: 2017 .................................................... 7

8. Land in Farms, Harvested Cropland, Irrigated Land, and Market Value of Agricultural 

Products Sold on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and States: 2017 ................ 10

9. Legal Status for Tax Purposes on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and 

States: 2017......................................................................................................................... 11

10. Hired Farm Labor on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and States: 2017......... 13

11. Selected Producer Characteristics on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States 

and States: 2017................................................................................................................... 14

12. Race and Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin of Producers on Farms with 

Specialty Crops – United States and States: 2017............................................................... 15

APPENDIX

Methodology and General Terms ................................................................................................ A-1
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2017 Census of Agriculture Introduction V

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Introduction

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The 2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crop 

publication provides data that supplement the 2017

Census of Agriculture, Volume 1, Geographic Area 

Series publications. As a service to agricultural and 

economic data users, the 2017 data for specialty crops 

are published at the U.S. and State-level. Section 101 

of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 

(7 U.S.C. §1621 note) and amended under section 

10010 of the Agricultural Act of 2014, Public Law 

113-79 (the Farm Bill) defines specialty crops as 

“fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and 

horticulture and nursery crops (including 

floriculture).” Eligible plants must be cultivated or 

managed and used by people for food, medicinal 

purposes, and/or aesthetic gratification to be 

considered specialty crops. See the Appendix in this 

publication for further definition of specialty crops. 

This is the third time NASS has summarized and 

published the census of agriculture data for specialty 

crops.

AUTHORITY

The 2017 Census of Agriculture is required by law 

under the “Census of Agriculture Act of 1997,” Public 

Law 105-113 (Title 7, United States Code, Section 

2204g). The law directs the Secretary of Agriculture 

to conduct a census of agriculture every fifth year.

FARM DEFINITION

The census definition of a farm is any place from 

which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were 

produced and sold, or normally would have been sold, 

during the census year. The definition has changed 

nine times since it was established in 1850. The 

current definition was first used for the 1974 Census 

of Agriculture and has been used in each subsequent 

agriculture census. This definition is consistent with 

the definition used for current USDA surveys. 

DATA COMPARABILITY

Not all data are comparable between the 2017 and 

2012 censuses. Demographic data from the 2017 

census are not fully comparable with 2012 census data 

due to terminology and definition changes. The 

commodities that comprise the Other specialty crops 

category changed between censuses so data are not 

comparable between censuses. For a detailed 

discussion of these and other changes, see the 

Appendix in this publication and also 2017 Census of 

Agriculture, Geographic Area Series, Appendix B,

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2

017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usappx

b.pdf. Dollar figures are expressed in current dollars 

and have not been adjusted for inflation or deflation.

REFERENCE PERIOD

Reference periods used were:

• Crop acreage is for the calendar year, except for a 

few crops such as avocados, citrus, olives, and 

pineapples for which the production year overlaps 

the calendar year. See the Appendix for further 

information regarding these exceptions.

• Crop sales and hired farm labor data are measured 

for the calendar year.

TABLES AND APPENDIX

Data Tables. Tables 1 through 6 show detailed U.S.-

level data cross-tabulated by several categories. 

Corresponding State-level data are presented in 

Tables 7 through 12.

Appendix. Includes the definitions of specific terms 

and phrases used in the publication, including items 

in the publication tables that carry the note “see text.”
VI Introduction 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

RESPONDENT CONFIDENTIALITY

In keeping with the provisions of Title 7 of the United 

States Code, no data are published that would disclose 

information about the operations of an individual 

farm or ranch. All tabulated data are subject to an 

extensive disclosure review prior to publication. Any 

tabulated item that identifies data reported by a 

respondent or allows a respondent’s data to be 

accurately estimated or derived was suppressed and 

coded with a ‘(D)’. However, the number of farms 

reporting an item is not considered confidential 

information and is provided even though other 

information is withheld.

SPECIAL STUDIES, SUBJECT SERIES 

REPORTS, AND CUSTOM TABULATIONS

Reports such as Specialty Crops, the 2018 Irrigation 

and Water Management Survey, and the 2018 Census 

of Aquaculture are part of the census program and 

provide supplemental information to the 2017 Census 

of Agriculture. Results are published at 

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2

017/index.php.

Custom-designed tabulations may be developed when 

data are not published elsewhere. These tabulations 

are developed to individual user specifications on a 

cost-reimbursable basis and shared with the public. 

Quick Stats, NASS’s online database that allows data 

users to build customized queries, should be 

investigated before requesting a custom tabulation. 

All NASS publications and custom tabulations are 

subject to a thorough disclosure review prior to 

release to prevent the disclosure of any individual 

respondent data. Requests for custom tabulations may 

be submitted via the Internet from the NASS home 

page, by mail, or by e-mail to:

DataLab

National Agricultural Statistics Service

Room 5305A

1400 Independence Ave, S.W.

Washington, D.C. 20250 – 2054

 or

Datalab@nass.usda.gov

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used 

throughout the tables:

- Represents zero.

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for 

individual farms.

(NA) Not available.
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 1

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 1. Specialty Crops by Acres – United States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Crop

Total Irrigated

Farms Acres Farms Acres

All specialty crops ................................

 Land in orchards ..............................

 Noncitrus (see text) .....................

 Citrus ...........................................

 Tree nuts (see text) .....................

 Land in berries .................................

 Land in vegetables ..........................

 Pulse crops (see text) ......................

 Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture,

 and sod (see text) ..........................

 Cultivated Christmas trees1

 (see text) .......................................

 Short rotation woody crops1............

 Maple syrup (gallons) ......................

 Other specialty crops (see text) .......

242,818

111,955

74,907

12,107

38,823

33,919

74,276

10,309

48,643

15,008

1,300

9,492

1,789

15,656,245

5,665,600

2,160,940

824,983

2,679,683

302,199

3,965,622

4,298,988

859,246

295,162

76,164

4,440,176

193,264

135,678

64,400

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

15,986

36,597

2,764

39,728

1,233

185

(X)

1,148

9,443,281

4,924,833

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

235,330

2,949,965

552,158

(D)

12,906

17,042

(X)

(D)

1 Acres in production.
2 Specialty Crops 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 2. Land in Farms, Harvested Cropland, Irrigated Land, and Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold on 

Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Crop Farms

Land in

farms

(acres)

Harvested 

cropland

on operation

(acres)

Irrigated land

on operation

(acres)

Market value of agricultural

products sold ($1,000)

Total All crops

All specialty crops ................................

 Farms by size:

 0.1 to 4.9 acres ............................

 5.0 to 14.9 acres ..........................

 15.0 to 24.9 acres ........................

 25.0 to 49.9 acres ........................

 50.0 to 99.9 acres ........................

 100.0 to 249.9 acres ...................

 250.0 to 499.9 acres ....................

 500.0 to 749.9 acres ....................

 750.0 to 999.9 acres ....................

 1,000 acres or more .....................

 1,000 to 1,999 acres ................

 2,000 to 4,999 acres ................

 5,000 acres or more .................

 Land in orchards ..............................

 Noncitrus (see text) ......................

 Citrus ...........................................

 Tree nuts (see text) ......................

 Land in berries .................................

 Land in vegetables ...........................

 Pulse crops (see text) ......................

 Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture,

 and sod (see text) ..........................

 Cultivated Christmas trees

 (see text) ........................................

 Short rotation woody crops ..............

 Maple syrup .....................................

 Other specialty crops (see text) .......

242,818

38,530

55,696

25,113

31,443

28,348

27,752

12,283

5,581

3,057

15,015

6,345

5,852

2,818

111,955

74,907

12,107

38,823

33,919

74,276

10,309

48,643

15,008

1,300

9,492

1,789

76,314,603

86,661

458,724

475,452

1,112,999

1,990,668

4,272,310

4,289,723

3,375,158

2,640,540

57,612,368

8,829,105

17,920,739

30,862,524

22,055,822

11,497,242

2,997,152

10,919,141

3,750,823

22,657,989

29,574,002

6,408,993

1,545,682

157,428

1,606,569

1,079,896

43,585,647

61,629

218,979

207,189

434,940

763,676

1,843,395

2,283,622

2,063,734

1,763,282

33,945,201

6,270,756

12,750,416

14,924,029

9,527,880

4,915,062

1,361,997

5,374,184

1,476,369

14,986,170

19,941,119

2,948,679

585,530

87,087

429,883

849,564

15,999,198

40,628

126,515

119,516

224,115

373,039

925,078

1,152,707

1,014,368

778,732

11,244,500

2,442,367

3,637,089

5,165,044

7,183,471

3,712,372

1,345,809

4,107,890

714,003

7,272,273

2,876,801

1,548,936

54,057

19,342

7,912

554,448

87,684,574

912,223

2,453,111

1,727,501

3,175,264

4,626,551

9,236,113

8,348,485

6,259,537

4,308,351

46,637,440

12,383,199

15,950,248

18,303,992

35,532,651

22,710,409

5,737,758

16,575,707

7,503,904

32,364,197

9,385,208

20,690,463

904,360

38,523

681,351

1,735,852

79,843,679

889,950

2,361,584

1,641,679

2,974,076

4,230,987

8,178,904

7,633,513

5,617,493

3,719,667

42,595,826

11,146,496

14,549,550

16,899,780

32,162,400

21,621,881

5,503,732

13,964,654

7,115,072

29,601,195

8,072,689

20,093,638

834,216

21,738

311,345

1,666,020
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 3. Legal Status for Tax Purposes on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Crop

Total Family or individual Partnership

Farms Acres Farms Acres Farms Acres

All specialty crops ................................

 Land in orchards ..............................

 Noncitrus (see text) .....................

 Citrus ...........................................

 Tree nuts (see text) .....................

 Land in berries .................................

 Land in vegetables ..........................

 Pulse crops (see text) ......................

 Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture,

 and sod (see text) ..........................

 Cultivated Christmas trees1

 (see text) .......................................

 Short rotation woody crops1............

 Maple syrup (gallons) ......................

 Other specialty crops (see text) .......

242,818

111,955

74,907

12,107

38,823

33,919

74,276

10,309

48,643

15,008

1,300

9,492

1,789

15,656,245

5,665,600

2,160,940

824,983

2,679,683

302,199

3,965,622

4,298,988

859,246

295,162

76,164

4,440,176

193,264

185,114

86,262

57,037

8,604

31,330

27,320

58,834

6,657

32,323

12,577

1,084

8,018

1,099

5,946,432

1,912,342

713,819

205,422

993,106

95,676

1,188,757

2,260,411

238,209

171,113

27,200

2,582,282

52,724

21,772

10,581

7,042

1,416

3,470

2,401

6,274

1,480

4,508

1,007

69

684

232

3,839,147

1,562,496

521,323

207,750

833,424

54,529

1,171,873

833,059

125,442

53,510

4,062

747,619

34,175

Crop

Corporation (family held) Corporation (other than

family held)

Other - estate or trust, prison

farm, grazing association, American

Indian Reservation, etc. (see text)

Farms Acres Farms Acres Farms Acres

All specialty crops ................................

 Land in orchards ..............................

 Noncitrus (see text) .....................

 Citrus ...........................................

 Tree nuts (see text) .....................

 Land in berries .................................

 Land in vegetables ..........................

 Pulse crops (see text) ......................

 Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture,

 and sod (see text) ..........................

 Cultivated Christmas trees1

 (see text) .......................................

 Short rotation woody crops1............

 Maple syrup (gallons) ......................

 Other specialty crops (see text) .......

25,755

10,321

7,576

1,204

2,654

2,942

6,182

1,880

8,704

1,024

87

511

353

4,639,360

1,611,415

730,998

259,932

620,485

130,136

1,323,386

1,018,455

406,393

50,257

4,527

948,575

94,792

4,063

1,596

1,162

316

333

463

1,106

103

1,685

105

23

42

53

815,755

381,053

142,905

124,764

113,384

14,828

187,026

94,235

74,940

15,307

39,108

110,288

9,258

6,114

3,195

2,090

567

1,036

793

1,880

189

1,423

295

37

237

52

415,551

198,294

51,895

27,116

119,283

7,030

94,580

92,828

14,263

4,975

1,267

51,412

2,315

1 Acres in production.
4 Specialty Crops 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 4. Hired Farm Labor on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Crop

All hired labor

Workers by days worked Migrant labor

Less than 150 days 150 days or more On farms 

with

hired labor

(farms)

On farms 

reporting

only contract 

labor

(farms)

Farms Workers Farms Workers Farms Workers

All specialty crops ...................................

 Land in orchards .................................

 Noncitrus (see text) .........................

 Citrus ..............................................

 Tree nuts (see text) .........................

 Land in berries ....................................

 Land in vegetables ..............................

 Pulse crops (see text) .........................

 Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture,

 and sod (see text) .............................

 Cultivated Christmas trees

 (see text) ...........................................

 Short rotation woody crops .................

 Maple syrup ........................................

 Other specialty crops (see text) ..........

99,463

44,797

30,724

5,270

14,507

12,512

29,202

6,606

24,574

4,903

352

2,375

943

1,197,653

558,308

462,440

46,039

129,511

201,748

355,009

40,085

314,815

40,174

1,257

9,075

24,560

76,897

35,029

24,826

3,485

10,781

10,690

23,405

4,662

17,767

4,409

286

1,897

748

733,384

376,885

326,272

23,103

69,844

137,069

216,993

22,265

140,586

32,778

808

6,138

16,514

54,361

22,952

15,569

2,987

7,839

5,798

16,252

4,610

16,392

1,523

120

983

656

464,269

181,423

136,168

22,936

59,667

64,679

138,016

17,820

174,229

7,396

449

2,937

8,046

10,586

5,425

4,385

494

1,096

1,520

3,574

572

1,955

369

14

65

159

1,978

1,480

1,104

194

285

196

288

19

163

66

2

6

16
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 5. Producer Characteristics on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States: 2017

[Data were collected for a maximum of four producers per farm. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Crop All

producers

Sex of producers Primary occupation Days of work off farm Average age

of

Male producers Female Farming Other None Any

All specialty crops ...................................

 Land in orchards .................................

 Noncitrus (see text) ........................

 Citrus ..............................................

 Tree nuts (see text) ........................

 Land in berries ....................................

 Land in vegetables .............................

 Pulse crops (see text) .........................

 Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture,

 and sod (see text) .............................

 Cultivated Christmas trees

 (see text) ..........................................

 Short rotation woody crops .................

 Maple syrup ........................................

 Other specialty crops (see text) ..........

435,610

200,960

136,829

21,129

68,567

63,428

135,939

18,614

90,330

26,376

2,198

17,682

3,452

271,604

123,964

82,605

13,325

43,300

36,199

83,665

13,748

53,858

16,432

1,351

11,131

2,273

164,006

76,996

54,224

7,804

25,267

27,229

52,274

4,866

36,472

9,944

847

6,551

1,179

205,483

85,958

58,161

9,278

30,296

28,239

72,324

14,656

49,452

9,007

588

6,987

1,884

230,127

115,002

78,668

11,851

38,271

35,189

63,615

3,958

40,878

17,369

1,610

10,695

1,568

169,008

73,605

48,480

7,779

26,679

22,545

53,702

11,197

39,088

8,696

593

5,933

1,404

266,602

127,355

88,349

13,350

41,888

40,883

82,237

7,417

51,242

17,680

1,605

11,749

2,048

56.5

58.5

57.9

60.8

58.9

55.2

53.6

53.5

54.3

58.9

56.9

53.1

52.3
6 Specialty Crops 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 6. Race and Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin of Producers on Farms with Specialty Crops –

United States: 2017

[Data were collected for a maximum of four producers per farm. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Crop All

producers

Producers reporting only one race

Producers

reporting

more than

one race

Producers

reporting

Hispanic,

Latino,

or Spanish

origin

American

Indian

or Alaska

Native

Asian

Black or

or

African

American

Native

Hawaiian or

Other

Pacific 

Islander

White

All specialty crops ...................................

 Land in orchards .................................

 Noncitrus (see text) .........................

 Citrus ..............................................

 Tree nuts (see text) .........................

 Land in berries ....................................

 Land in vegetables ..............................

 Pulse crops (see text) .........................

 Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture,

 and sod (see text) .............................

 Cultivated Christmas trees

 (see text) ...........................................

 Short rotation woody crops .................

 Maple syrup ........................................

 Other specialty crops (see text) ..........

435,610

200,960

136,829

21,129

68,567

63,428

135,939

18,614

90,330

26,376

2,198

17,682

3,452

6,007

2,044

1,243

210

930

623

3,404

231

557

96

16

68

32

13,349

8,046

5,874

1,170

2,784

1,143

3,823

106

2,818

118

18

14

49

6,243

2,143

1,289

216

1,002

717

3,941

145

854

64

73

6

29

1,208

750

595

148

221

84

342

19

264

24

-

12

2

403,880

185,172

125,800

18,943

62,594

60,068

123,005

18,021

84,850

25,898

2,051

17,475

3,286

4,923

2,805

2,028

442

1,036

793

1,424

92

987

176

40

107

54

26,339

17,440

11,354

2,366

5,856

2,446

5,449

399

4,792

591

88

162

146
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 7. Specialty Crops Acres – United States and States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area

All

specialty crops

Land

in orchards

Land

in berries

Farms Acres Acres

irrigated Farms Acres Acresirrigated Farms Acres Acresirrigated

United States ............

Alabama ...................

Alaska .......................

Arizona .....................

Arkansas ..................

California ..................

Colorado ...................

Connecticut ..............

Delaware ..................

Florida ......................

Georgia .....................

Hawaii .......................

Idaho ........................

Illinois .......................

Indiana ......................

Iowa ..........................

Kansas .....................

Kentucky ...................

Louisiana ..................

Maine ........................

Maryland ...................

Massachusetts .........

Michigan ...................

Minnesota .................

Mississippi ................

Missouri ....................

Montana ...................

Nebraska ..................

Nevada .....................

New Hampshire ........

New Jersey ...............

New Mexico ..............

New York ..................

North Carolina ..........

North Dakota ............

Ohio ..........................

Oklahoma .................

Oregon .....................

Pennsylvania ............

Rhode Island ............

South Carolina ..........

South Dakota ............

Tennessee ................

Texas ........................

Utah ..........................

Vermont ....................

Virginia .....................

Washington ..............

West Virginia ............

Wisconsin .................

Wyoming ..................

242,818

3,619

511

2,463

1,717

43,433

2,759

2,215

316

12,450

7,079

5,275

2,995

3,284

3,115

2,554

1,232

4,396

2,350

3,394

1,882

3,092

9,671

5,209

2,655

3,503

2,727

1,715

242

1,683

3,623

4,603

9,234

7,470

2,901

6,956

3,425

9,671

9,280

463

3,397

573

4,310

11,067

1,390

2,792

4,377

9,349

2,290

7,676

435

15,656,245

61,684

1,584

191,264

37,214

4,767,784

155,728

21,814

35,219

871,069

330,476

77,038

656,095

90,160

63,982

18,707

28,819

18,237

40,359

111,223

46,792

43,975

573,840

411,206

64,806

45,150

1,429,337

244,587

6,438

9,304

104,438

94,024

269,975

280,963

1,463,183

71,373

132,032

471,167

143,069

6,480

79,405

58,399

59,818

373,171

21,733

11,101

70,575

1,112,175

12,464

323,485

43,321

9,443,281

28,170

857

190,735

15,740

4,739,239

133,004

6,130

24,434

801,922

229,831

19,509

470,078

35,940

32,785

4,908

15,069

4,838

14,502

30,548

26,743

22,464

168,786

105,393

10,033

19,041

51,232

180,525

5,881

1,703

67,561

90,696

44,031

50,227

42,248

24,733

31,356

326,444

20,993

2,767

49,823

3,951

17,639

196,678

20,177

2,089

19,457

814,164

1,167

185,307

41,734

111,955

1,684

44

984

752

37,327

939

439

33

6,770

4,107

3,901

576

992

815

888

510

1,205

1,093

580

450

614

2,552

1,061

851

1,359

486

336

106

306

752

3,190

2,666

1,789

78

1,801

2,550

4,679

2,412

94

1,123

146

1,340

7,598

654

461

1,537

4,803

902

1,552

68

5,665,600

15,002

22

53,518

17,938

3,636,336

6,178

3,141

569

502,886

182,259

38,872

5,708

5,564

3,240

2,761

4,170

3,342

15,583

2,941

4,247

4,704

98,220

4,767

7,343

14,739

1,238

1,150

414

1,703

8,825

54,397

89,763

12,104

124

8,984

98,716

133,377

43,509

381

22,410

476

4,233

176,837

8,566

2,803

18,396

328,112

6,570

8,362

99

4,924,833

2,153

2

53,518

2,520

3,636,317

6,178

544

480

477,009

122,904

11,765

5,139

437

482

294

321

271

2,014

395

817

1,064

15,278

891

1,353

2,966

1,078

281

414

220

3,746

52,807

10,636

2,003

37

648

3,742

70,180

3,474

101

13,125

150

516

76,585

8,313

466

2,070

328,070

127

868

68

33,919

725

68

65

430

1,840

202

404

52

1,367

1,281

-

287

521

538

578

214

967

361

1,054

328

979

1,566

638

543

846

156

169

12

371

607

281

1,659

1,430

63

1,309

358

1,841

1,802

74

643

80

1,015

1,132

179

478

903

1,802

479

1,201

21

302,199

1,098

(D)

(D)

966

52,930

92

744

94

17,054

19,427

-

243

769

1,208

1,334

200

900

725

39,930

593

14,994

25,006

1,002

2,131

1,205

52

336

7

754

13,649

130

4,240

10,589

133

1,584

491

27,034

2,334

228

1,589

126

1,164

2,080

(D)

662

1,357

26,999

510

23,172

(D)

235,330

462

(D)

(D)

645

52,930

70

346

66

14,674

14,686

-

164

256

568

392

69

276

388

(D)

330

13,593

18,254

440

1,106

524

43

160

7

202

11,283

90

1,760

6,912

9

680

133

27,034

864

148

1,038

(D)

372

1,313

(D)

223

564

26,939

101

22,335

(D)

--continued
8 Specialty Crops 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 7. Specialty Crops Acres – United States and States: 2017 (continued)

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area

Land

in vegetables Pulse crops (see text) Nursery, greenhouse,floriculture, and sod (see text)

Farms Acres Acres

irrigated Farms Acres Acresirrigated Farms Acres Acresirrigated

United States ...........

Alabama ...................

Alaska ......................

Arizona .....................

Arkansas ..................

California ..................

Colorado ..................

Connecticut ..............

Delaware ..................

Florida ......................

Georgia ....................

Hawaii ......................

Idaho ........................

Illinois .......................

Indiana .....................

Iowa .........................

Kansas .....................

Kentucky ..................

Louisiana .................

Maine .......................

Maryland ..................

Massachusetts .........

Michigan ..................

Minnesota ................

Mississippi ...............

Missouri ...................

Montana ...................

Nebraska .................

Nevada ....................

New Hampshire .......

New Jersey ..............

New Mexico .............

New York .................

North Carolina ..........

North Dakota ............

Ohio .........................

Oklahoma ................

Oregon .....................

Pennsylvania ...........

Rhode Island ............

South Carolina .........

South Dakota ...........

Tennessee ...............

Texas .......................

Utah .........................

Vermont ...................

Virginia .....................

Washington ..............

West Virginia ............

Wisconsin ................

Wyoming ..................

74,276

1,490

267

1,280

748

4,868

1,007

973

209

1,791

1,946

915

1,209

1,504

1,429

1,094

498

2,467

786

1,418

954

1,383

3,047

2,840

1,350

1,449

387

419

99

590

1,377

1,558

3,544

3,456

245

2,916

504

1,923

4,218

216

1,704

189

1,961

2,248

673

709

1,803

2,335

1,040

3,157

83

3,965,622

17,297

982

114,853

10,372

923,920

78,353

8,819

31,490

217,526

98,010

8,218

353,680

58,090

39,017

7,229

6,201

8,320

12,608

61,544

27,432

18,079

160,923

207,071

36,327

18,009

11,686

23,083

3,123

3,421

45,164

27,516

119,252

151,099

78,981

33,118

6,635

149,355

45,758

2,154

27,508

750

24,419

97,648

6,468

3,317

20,808

313,579

2,363

243,441

609

2,949,965

5,305

626

114,846

6,107

(D)

78,353

2,038

21,305

199,971

68,811

5,962

345,668

26,213

23,240

1,951

4,963

2,730

6,260

16,244

16,420

5,756

102,819

51,939

2,592

9,821

(D)

21,751

3,123

966

32,167

27,516

21,458

23,552

28,167

15,266

4,701

131,810

12,497

515

18,164

244

7,302

68,326

(D)

1,121

10,383

307,292

614

150,423

609

10,309

25

2

87

-

321

358

-

4

63

16

3

853

24

-

10

48

1

-

14

3

9

1,094

567

1

12

1,675

681

3

-

13

60

119

7

2,594

7

22

146

12

-

14

145

5

259

13

5

10

754

-

21

229

4,298,988

144

(D)

(D)

-

(D)

54,476

-

91

2,833

(D)

3

239,449

(D)

-

(D)

(D)

(D)

-

139

(D)

21

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

1,413,397

215,600

675

-

(D)

9,014

14,257

(D)

(D)

(D)

2,710

23,165

608

-

1,861

(D)

(D)

18,595

897

17

(D)

333,409

-

(D)

42,288

552,158

7

-

(D)

-

(D)

35,665

-

-

863

(D)

3

(D)

-

-

-

7,115

-

-

(D)

(D)

-

10,376

44,371

-

(D)

(D)

155,176

675

-

(D)

(D)

43

(D)

13,899

-

-

(D)

-

-

-

(D)

-

5,553

(D)

-

(D)

(D)

-

3,673

40,813

48,643

603

365

292

292

3,409

727

699

97

4,237

972

1,306

646

967

927

650

307

1,127

459

973

572

877

1,986

936

390

1,001

367

337

97

464

1,258

360

2,175

2,159

91

1,837

381

2,280

2,609

219

602

151

1,156

1,514

281

544

1,171

1,703

428

1,545

97

859,246

(D)

(D)

8,010

6,876

85,064

12,579

(D)

(D)

(D)

25,984

(D)

(D)

19,161

6,266

4,867

(D)

(D)

7,432

2,552

(D)

(D)

24,289

16,782

(D)

(D)

2,048

(D)

644

(D)

31,129

1,389

(D)

39,728

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

19,577

3,125

(D)

(D)

27,763

(D)

4,665

(D)

18,082

(D)

639

15,495

248

(D)

20,243

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

12,006

(D)

2,540

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

3,228

2,199

(D)

1,538

5,739

(D)

(D)

1,805

(D)

(D)

4,946

(D)

1,902

(D)

(D)

308

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

8,023

22,721

(D)

(D)

1,999

(D)

(D)

9,432

(D)

4,545

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

5,965

230

--continued
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 7. Specialty Crops Acres – United States and States: 2017 (continued)

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area

Cultivated

Christmas trees (see text) Short rotation woody crops Maple syrup Otherspecialty crops (see text)

Farms Acres in

production

Acres

irrigated Farms Acres inproduction

Acres

irrigated Farms Taps Gallons Farms Acres Acresirrigated

United States ............

Alabama ...................

Alaska .......................

Arizona .....................

Arkansas ..................

California ..................

Colorado ...................

Connecticut ..............

Delaware ..................

Florida ......................

Georgia .....................

Hawaii .......................

Idaho ........................

Illinois .......................

Indiana ......................

Iowa ..........................

Kansas .....................

Kentucky ...................

Louisiana ..................

Maine ........................

Maryland ...................

Massachusetts .........

Michigan ...................

Minnesota .................

Mississippi ................

Missouri ....................

Montana ...................

Nebraska ..................

Nevada .....................

New Hampshire ........

New Jersey ...............

New Mexico ..............

New York ..................

North Carolina ..........

North Dakota ............

Ohio ..........................

Oklahoma .................

Oregon .....................

Pennsylvania ............

Rhode Island ............

South Carolina ..........

South Dakota ............

Tennessee ................

Texas ........................

Utah ..........................

Vermont ....................

Virginia .....................

Washington ..............

West Virginia ............

Wisconsin .................

Wyoming ..................

15,008

82

1

5

29

324

137

538

24

158

205

29

120

272

205

139

69

90

81

332

187

390

1,233

321

116

115

45

64

6

234

888

34

1,187

854

14

737

29

1,431

1,281

65

138

14

137

125

35

260

464

670

231

859

4

295,162

984

(D)

10

266

9,836

2,681

4,149

246

1,758

2,412

61

728

3,748

2,663

1,257

599

567

340

4,012

2,177

2,801

36,986

7,337

1,051

1,565

380

434

612

2,892

5,288

626

19,762

38,893

44

7,714

172

45,283

30,793

592

1,697

95

1,969

945

206

3,650

11,151

7,985

2,363

23,373

(D)

12,906

-

-

(D)

28

1,030

376

52

43

154

169

43

94

18

61

42

49

9

39

60

89

215

5,678

230

37

112

72

39

(D)

8

376

62

364

42

-

102

60

678

182

4

52

(D)

12

387

176

27

65

937

9

553

(D)

1,300

51

-

2

23

64

56

-

-

136

67

7

2

50

-

26

12

1

99

8

1

1

2

77

151

43

10

18

-

1

3

11

13

8

1

-

2

70

3

-

78

9

6

7

7

1

20

88

-

63

2

76,164

2,211

-

(D)

792

1,306

1,154

-

-

1,966

1,476

(D)

(D)

517

-

216

123

(D)

3,672

42

(D)

(D)

(D)

1,808

10,813

750

278

83

-

(D)

45

81

947

178

(D)

-

(D)

(D)

305

-

2,635

35

116

479

26

(D)

650

(D)

-

462

(D)

17,042

-

-

(D)

(D)

127

156

-

-

419

259

(D)

(D)

(D)

-

11

(D)

-

62

-

-

-

(D)

24

-

16

(D)

3

-

-

-

16

(D)

-

-

-

-

(D)

-

-

98

-

-

(D)

(D)

(D)

-

(D)

-

-

-

9,492

-

-

-

3

-

-

199

-

-

-

-

-

60

288

53

1

87

-

557

28

307

875

291

-

37

-

-

-

528

57

-

1,675

8

4

820

-

-

637

22

1

3

15

-

-

1,411

29

-

97

1,399

-

14,864,604

-

-

-

70

-

-

78,211

-

-

-

-

-

10,008

80,730

13,808

(D)

12,446

-

1,932,219

28,768

316,447

664,289

99,205

-

3,163

-

-

-

594,708

8,806

-

2,749,512

(D)

183

465,934

-

-

835,104

6,616

(D)

48

992

-

-

5,894,508

5,278

-

75,262

987,418

-

4,440,176

-

-

-

(D)

-

-

17,378

-

-

-

-

-

2,384

15,333

4,307

(D)

1,569

-

717,837

3,905

75,513

175,519

19,102

-

333

-

-

-

157,267

1,722

-

714,372

188

50

93,672

-

-

166,021

838

(D)

45

148

-

-

2,020,159

1,385

-

11,065

240,035

-

1,789

1

3

7

4

141

43

12

1

15

5

6

174

11

59

16

-

15

-

29

8

18

166

41

-

4

15

4

6

-

18

21

173

146

2

22

2

196

61

-

8

5

21

6

10

8

55

178

7

46

-

193,264

(D)

6

(D)

4

(D)

215

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

11,588

(D)

-

23

-

63

25

62

(D)

(D)

-

(D)

258

(D)

965

-

(D)

871

(D)

(D)

(D)

29

(D)

29,989

185

-

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

75

(D)

66,254

19

(D)

-

(D)

-

-

(D)

(D)

(D)

200

(D)

-

(D)

(D)

(D)

34,771

(D)

5,207

20

-

15

-

14

(D)

31

380

(D)

-

(D)

(D)

(D)

965

-

(D)

14

219

754

(D)

14

-

(D)

(D)

-

(D)

(D)

5

(D)

223

-

31

65,302

(D)

1,490

-
10 Specialty Crops 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 8. Land in Farms, Harvested Cropland, Irrigated Land, and Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold on 

Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area Farms Land in farms

(acres)

Harvested

cropland

(acres)

Irrigated

land

(acres)

Market value of agricultural products sold

($1,000)

Total All crops

United States ........................

Alabama ................................

Alaska ...................................

Arizona ..................................

Arkansas ...............................

California ...............................

Colorado ...............................

Connecticut ...........................

Delaware ...............................

Florida ...................................

Georgia .................................

Hawaii ...................................

Idaho .....................................

Illinois ....................................

Indiana ..................................

Iowa ......................................

Kansas ..................................

Kentucky ...............................

Louisiana ..............................

Maine ....................................

Maryland ...............................

Massachusetts ......................

Michigan ...............................

Minnesota .............................

Mississippi ............................

Missouri ................................

Montana ................................

Nebraska ..............................

Nevada .................................

New Hampshire ....................

New Jersey ...........................

New Mexico ..........................

New York ..............................

North Carolina .......................

North Dakota .........................

Ohio ......................................

Oklahoma .............................

Oregon ..................................

Pennsylvania ........................

Rhode Island .........................

South Carolina ......................

South Dakota ........................

Tennessee ............................

Texas ....................................

Utah ......................................

Vermont ................................

Virginia ..................................

Washington ...........................

West Virginia .........................

Wisconsin .............................

Wyoming ...............................

242,818

3,619

511

2,463

1,717

43,433

2,759

2,215

316

12,450

7,079

5,275

2,995

3,284

3,115

2,554

1,232

4,396

2,350

3,394

1,882

3,092

9,671

5,209

2,655

3,503

2,727

1,715

242

1,683

3,623

4,603

9,234

7,470

2,901

6,956

3,425

9,671

9,280

463

3,397

573

4,310

11,067

1,390

2,792

4,377

9,349

2,290

7,676

435

76,314,603

548,089

46,009

1,245,514

323,956

9,790,719

1,642,898

116,921

159,138

3,083,104

1,812,476

220,706

2,907,630

701,319

548,361

283,775

452,792

448,943

251,615

659,676

287,106

219,684

2,237,080

2,870,773

493,409

507,766

9,213,291

2,251,414

69,294

177,378

308,230

1,385,720

1,579,860

1,624,193

9,256,130

643,854

1,109,202

1,903,121

932,073

24,098

466,287

964,940

448,255

3,273,007

144,966

461,722

616,082

5,058,327

245,926

1,617,051

680,723

43,585,647

180,969

6,677

380,208

159,501

6,246,306

606,384

42,211

143,157

1,298,007

889,042

78,200

2,264,476

578,701

427,814

169,200

280,008

180,328

76,073

177,185

197,355

64,349

1,752,369

2,505,857

221,288

278,554

4,847,299

1,243,589

37,302

27,886

189,223

225,518

791,364

1,070,467

7,632,358

393,026

314,071

1,114,128

484,495

8,009

227,698

572,727

196,983

1,102,923

60,045

93,082

235,487

2,300,848

48,551

973,232

191,117

15,999,198

39,291

1,430

360,796

76,053

6,074,300

404,399

6,768

67,246

1,192,945

455,256

20,928

1,565,398

122,785

101,654

10,567

63,599

8,150

24,347

31,414

59,132

23,160

297,372

279,058

45,800

66,950

250,028

697,547

36,722

1,956

78,759

206,126

47,031

73,899

119,031

27,029

42,628

647,361

24,655

2,879

70,189

26,597

21,068

508,253

56,024

2,397

25,433

1,195,683

1,451

269,869

167,785

87,684,574

498,594

24,395

1,581,641

228,364

34,608,519

934,684

403,396

232,590

5,470,761

2,040,153

345,330

2,580,845

873,522

577,226

330,457

202,096

283,871

244,561

393,599

480,419

356,562

2,732,132

2,522,292

311,570

370,756

1,034,685

910,443

60,978

111,079

910,141

557,281

1,746,940

2,376,710

2,586,636

922,870

351,680

2,862,644

1,906,708

40,492

553,985

268,682

510,329

1,909,358

226,494

262,460

691,358

6,399,430

89,799

1,544,602

220,455

79,843,679

432,213

23,861

1,558,815

162,252

32,241,926

875,017

388,609

155,791

5,300,160

1,711,589

331,286

2,363,629

831,966

511,138

260,930

179,628

216,670

211,768

383,779

414,551

343,437

2,513,060

1,964,905

250,421

319,414

800,351

718,723

58,521

98,211

901,884

450,159

1,411,475

2,001,437

2,424,989

844,450

249,635

2,720,593

1,555,762

39,738

485,149

176,263

481,962

1,723,436

217,813

140,321

603,802

6,317,532

72,483

1,296,246

105,927
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 9. Legal Status for Tax Purposes on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area

Total Family or

individual Partnership

Farms Acres Farms Acres Farms Acres

United States ........................

Alabama ...............................

Alaska ...................................

Arizona .................................

Arkansas ..............................

California ..............................

Colorado ...............................

Connecticut ..........................

Delaware ..............................

Florida ..................................

Georgia .................................

Hawaii ...................................

Idaho ....................................

Illinois ...................................

Indiana ..................................

Iowa ......................................

Kansas .................................

Kentucky ...............................

Louisiana ..............................

Maine ....................................

Maryland ...............................

Massachusetts .....................

Michigan ...............................

Minnesota .............................

Mississippi ............................

Missouri ................................

Montana ...............................

Nebraska ..............................

Nevada .................................

New Hampshire ....................

New Jersey ...........................

New Mexico ..........................

New York ..............................

North Carolina ......................

North Dakota ........................

Ohio ......................................

Oklahoma .............................

Oregon .................................

Pennsylvania ........................

Rhode Island ........................

South Carolina ......................

South Dakota ........................

Tennessee ............................

Texas ....................................

Utah ......................................

Vermont ................................

Virginia .................................

Washington ..........................

West Virginia ........................

Wisconsin .............................

Wyoming ..............................

242,818

3,619

511

2,463

1,717

43,433

2,759

2,215

316

12,450

7,079

5,275

2,995

3,284

3,115

2,554

1,232

4,396

2,350

3,394

1,882

3,092

9,671

5,209

2,655

3,503

2,727

1,715

242

1,683

3,623

4,603

9,234

7,470

2,901

6,956

3,425

9,671

9,280

463

3,397

573

4,310

11,067

1,390

2,792

4,377

9,349

2,290

7,676

435

15,656,245

61,684

1,584

191,264

37,214

4,767,784

155,728

21,814

35,219

871,069

330,476

77,038

656,095

90,160

63,982

18,707

28,819

18,237

40,359

111,223

46,792

43,975

573,840

411,206

64,806

45,150

1,429,337

244,587

6,438

9,304

104,438

94,024

269,975

280,963

1,463,183

71,373

132,032

471,167

143,069

6,480

79,405

58,399

59,818

373,171

21,733

11,101

70,575

1,112,175

12,464

323,485

43,321

185,114

3,206

400

1,890

1,457

30,365

1,965

1,592

185

8,179

5,704

4,150

2,005

2,519

2,493

2,109

998

3,815

1,907

2,673

1,426

2,262

7,315

3,988

2,267

2,878

1,623

1,205

156

1,328

2,650

4,009

7,028

5,644

2,265

5,701

3,016

7,183

7,624

319

2,806

402

3,803

9,349

989

2,214

3,291

6,436

2,034

5,966

325

5,946,432

39,297

732

45,863

20,354

1,378,510

66,443

9,121

10,435

191,489

133,392

17,276

226,704

45,175

23,684

11,080

12,072

12,117

20,981

45,110

19,993

18,255

251,633

219,675

37,120

22,508

581,911

110,666

1,343

5,461

37,236

30,814

98,601

110,102

1,015,449

30,765

97,800

124,367

71,462

2,243

35,404

33,582

32,255

189,143

6,464

6,279

28,983

286,082

8,256

99,672

23,072

21,772

164

47

211

105

5,630

286

274

30

1,023

478

415

343

249

206

139

68

247

154

262

139

287

926

477

161

245

306

152

23

169

397

184

939

612

394

432

170

837

648

46

218

52

225

794

122

269

355

1,009

102

716

35

3,839,147

7,508

502

64,306

10,823

1,478,358

42,302

4,388

2,252

179,232

87,546

4,685

235,045

14,871

14,754

1,255

9,523

2,607

6,271

11,814

8,057

8,372

151,208

94,708

15,387

4,731

175,979

51,964

1,057

1,780

20,745

20,596

64,936

56,339

309,894

12,000

13,897

126,142

27,862

821

16,987

15,842

6,219

92,682

4,435

1,598

12,334

276,941

1,114

60,094

6,384

--continued
12 Specialty Crops 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 9. Legal Status for Tax Purposes on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and 

States: 2017 (continued)

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area

Corporation (family held) Corporation (other than

family held)

Other - estate or trust, prison farm,

grazing association, American Indian

Reservation, etc. (see text)

Farms Acres Farms Acres Farms Acres

United States ........................

Alabama ................................

Alaska ...................................

Arizona ..................................

Arkansas ...............................

California ...............................

Colorado ...............................

Connecticut ...........................

Delaware ...............................

Florida ...................................

Georgia .................................

Hawaii ...................................

Idaho .....................................

Illinois ....................................

Indiana ..................................

Iowa ......................................

Kansas ..................................

Kentucky ...............................

Louisiana ..............................

Maine ....................................

Maryland ...............................

Massachusetts ......................

Michigan ...............................

Minnesota .............................

Mississippi ............................

Missouri ................................

Montana ................................

Nebraska ..............................

Nevada .................................

New Hampshire ....................

New Jersey ...........................

New Mexico ..........................

New York ..............................

North Carolina .......................

North Dakota .........................

Ohio ......................................

Oklahoma .............................

Oregon ..................................

Pennsylvania ........................

Rhode Island .........................

South Carolina ......................

South Dakota ........................

Tennessee ............................

Texas ....................................

Utah ......................................

Vermont ................................

Virginia ..................................

Washington ...........................

West Virginia .........................

Wisconsin .............................

Wyoming ...............................

25,755

209

40

222

101

4,759

345

243

75

2,445

661

427

512

398

318

232

104

210

211

319

234

319

1,077

594

139

289

695

302

52

111

439

232

949

950

208

567

143

1,256

772

76

262

100

155

623

182

224

548

1,524

88

753

61

4,639,360

13,632

(D)

55,270

5,120

1,420,841

35,433

7,177

19,905

355,106

78,559

13,939

167,841

27,427

22,658

5,869

6,733

2,921

11,107

47,242

16,193

14,791

143,549

86,526

5,863

15,804

528,543

75,127

(D)

1,825

39,533

22,722

95,930

102,264

126,839

26,567

15,827

190,527

36,981

(D)

22,280

8,449

17,253

65,731

9,357

1,690

24,286

487,372

2,732

138,078

12,964

4,063

11

3

50

16

882

82

43

11

537

105

119

42

42

45

26

31

43

27

50

28

81

144

66

36

34

52

28

3

9

72

25

159

99

6

88

26

198

95

1

55

5

30

114

30

20

94

179

13

102

6

815,755

(D)

(D)

16,551

116

298,856

5,381

541

(D)

122,739

23,887

40,495

15,352

1,923

1,596

213

147

261

870

1,115

1,134

1,095

24,080

7,090

5,023

1,068

75,942

6,137

(D)

23

4,538

4,597

8,321

10,733

3,420

1,508

415

23,612

5,761

(D)

4,059

62

2,593

17,038

866

834

3,052

48,109

61

20,568

681

6,114

29

21

90

38

1,797

81

63

15

266

131

164

93

76

53

48

31

81

51

90

55

143

209

84

52

57

51

28

8

66

65

153

159

165

28

168

70

197

141

21

56

14

97

187

67

65

89

201

53

139

8

415,551

(D)

(D)

9,274

801

191,219

6,169

587

(D)

22,503

7,093

644

11,153

764

1,289

289

343

331

1,131

5,942

1,414

1,462

3,370

3,207

1,413

1,039

66,962

693

(D)

214

2,387

15,296

2,187

1,525

7,581

534

4,092

6,519

1,004

(D)

674

465

1,499

8,577

612

700

1,920

13,672

301

5,073

220
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 10. Hired Farm Labor on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and States: 2017

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area

All hired labor Workers by days worked Migrant labor

Farms Workers

Less than 150 days 150 days or more On farms

with

hired labor

(farms)

On farms

reporting only

contract labor

(farms)

Farms Workers Farms Workers

United States ........................

Alabama ...............................

Alaska ...................................

Arizona .................................

Arkansas ..............................

California ..............................

Colorado ...............................

Connecticut ..........................

Delaware ..............................

Florida ..................................

Georgia .................................

Hawaii ...................................

Idaho ....................................

Illinois ...................................

Indiana ..................................

Iowa ......................................

Kansas .................................

Kentucky ...............................

Louisiana ..............................

Maine ....................................

Maryland ...............................

Massachusetts .....................

Michigan ...............................

Minnesota .............................

Mississippi ............................

Missouri ................................

Montana ...............................

Nebraska ..............................

Nevada .................................

New Hampshire ....................

New Jersey ...........................

New Mexico ..........................

New York ..............................

North Carolina ......................

North Dakota ........................

Ohio ......................................

Oklahoma .............................

Oregon .................................

Pennsylvania ........................

Rhode Island ........................

South Carolina ......................

South Dakota ........................

Tennessee ............................

Texas ....................................

Utah ......................................

Vermont ................................

Virginia .................................

Washington ..........................

West Virginia ........................

Wisconsin .............................

Wyoming ..............................

99,463

1,188

161

756

504

22,781

1,222

766

177

5,357

2,632

1,681

1,704

1,358

1,102

859

412

1,213

689

1,184

806

1,319

4,148

2,468

838

1,070

1,337

854

100

486

1,457

1,248

3,501

3,158

1,798

2,243

976

4,210

3,728

204

1,034

283

1,264

3,567

555

933

1,736

4,916

407

2,859

214

1,197,653

6,432

1,154

12,146

2,944

337,748

12,752

8,364

1,668

73,877

24,829

8,811

21,817

11,175

7,978

5,251

2,647

5,269

4,019

9,745

7,329

9,386

49,120

17,478

4,667

6,306

5,352

4,933

933

3,405

21,911

7,079

33,521

34,264

8,303

19,747

5,891

66,626

31,302

1,306

9,248

1,790

8,470

24,127

5,511

4,701

14,118

206,328

2,250

22,254

1,371

76,897

983

150

544

391

15,927

976

591

130

3,384

1,962

1,324

1,372

1,110

921

736

333

997

498

1,070

642

1,094

3,506

2,057

704

862

946

603

81

413

1,063

990

2,904

2,483

1,276

1,903

770

3,497

3,076

156

774

225

1,029

2,572

484

768

1,410

4,334

350

2,362

164

733,384

3,639

914

5,267

1,970

175,366

7,976

4,470

1,015

34,440

17,057

4,613

13,871

6,491

5,324

3,744

1,827

3,456

1,761

7,271

3,797

5,650

35,122

12,141

3,235

4,459

3,249

2,940

671

2,395

13,576

4,121

20,261

21,461

5,168

11,950

3,123

46,289

18,365

708

5,731

1,170

4,746

11,597

3,837

2,917

8,349

158,355

1,474

15,334

721

54,361

454

50

452

221

13,641

745

446

131

3,479

1,368

744

1,162

706

507

326

188

476

333

571

463

730

2,137

1,217

334

479

819

532

61

226

941

528

1,957

1,707

1,193

1,054

403

2,278

1,720

122

542

163

574

1,899

270

443

922

2,849

171

1,480

147

464,269

2,793

240

6,879

974

162,382

4,776

3,894

653

39,437

7,772

4,198

7,946

4,684

2,654

1,507

820

1,813

2,258

2,474

3,532

3,736

13,998

5,337

1,432

1,847

2,103

1,993

262

1,010

8,335

2,958

13,260

12,803

3,135

7,797

2,768

20,337

12,937

598

3,517

620

3,724

12,530

1,674

1,784

5,769

47,973

776

6,920

650

10,586

88

2

50

29

2,267

171

80

34

610

342

64

263

60

102

10

14

112

73

68

96

101

682

149

87

41

101

38

9

23

262

58

639

768

196

145

24

505

274

6

78

9

142

214

44

69

159

1,061

24

119

24

1,978

12

1

13

5

928

26

3

-

164

57

42

10

6

12

3

2

13

11

25

2

3

65

2

16

-

33

-

-

-

9

13

33

105

-

4

2

98

16

1

10

-

27

63

3

1

24

93

2

19

1
14 Specialty Crops 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 11. Selected Producer Characteristics on Farms with Specialty Crops – United States and States: 2017

[Data were collected for a maximum of four producers per farm. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area All

producers

Sex of producers Primary occupation Days of work off farm Average age

Male Female Farming Other None Any of producer

United States ...........................

Alabama ...................................

Alaska ......................................

Arizona .....................................

Arkansas ..................................

California ..................................

Colorado ..................................

Connecticut ..............................

Delaware ..................................

Florida ......................................

Georgia ....................................

Hawaii ......................................

Idaho ........................................

Illinois .......................................

Indiana .....................................

Iowa .........................................

Kansas .....................................

Kentucky ..................................

Louisiana .................................

Maine .......................................

Maryland ..................................

Massachusetts .........................

Michigan ..................................

Minnesota ................................

Mississippi ...............................

Missouri ...................................

Montana ...................................

Nebraska .................................

Nevada ....................................

New Hampshire .......................

New Jersey ..............................

New Mexico .............................

New York .................................

North Carolina ..........................

North Dakota ............................

Ohio .........................................

Oklahoma ................................

Oregon .....................................

Pennsylvania ...........................

Rhode Island ............................

South Carolina .........................

South Dakota ...........................

Tennessee ...............................

Texas .......................................

Utah .........................................

Vermont ...................................

Virginia .....................................

Washington ..............................

West Virginia ............................

Wisconsin ................................

Wyoming ..................................

435,610

6,207

883

4,695

3,026

78,058

5,267

3,971

627

21,139

12,158

8,843

5,744

5,891

5,804

4,746

2,262

7,976

4,020

6,088

3,462

5,681

17,611

9,284

4,405

6,394

5,067

3,083

450

3,093

6,306

7,825

16,760

13,237

4,868

12,812

5,973

17,995

16,975

839

5,661

1,042

7,723

19,460

2,658

5,200

8,038

17,521

3,928

14,048

806

271,604

3,909

437

2,681

1,811

51,079

3,155

2,386

416

13,417

7,896

5,097

3,759

3,697

3,515

2,759

1,316

4,678

2,451

3,468

2,143

3,381

11,377

6,166

2,746

3,764

3,290

1,991

265

1,776

3,968

4,621

10,363

8,456

3,720

7,771

3,561

10,632

10,688

471

3,576

646

4,669

11,810

1,610

3,092

4,823

10,636

2,343

8,832

490

164,006

2,298

446

2,014

1,215

26,979

2,112

1,585

211

7,722

4,262

3,746

1,985

2,194

2,289

1,987

946

3,298

1,569

2,620

1,319

2,300

6,234

3,118

1,659

2,630

1,777

1,092

185

1,317

2,338

3,204

6,397

4,781

1,148

5,041

2,412

7,363

6,287

368

2,085

396

3,054

7,650

1,048

2,108

3,215

6,885

1,585

5,216

316

205,483

2,528

394

2,623

1,168

38,329

2,643

1,794

395

10,347

4,854

4,386

3,386

2,734

2,394

1,727

900

3,173

1,476

2,919

1,715

2,804

9,250

4,833

1,764

2,480

3,370

1,634

248

1,271

2,907

2,933

8,256

6,522

3,953

5,179

2,466

8,433

8,556

402

2,326

492

3,262

7,843

958

2,108

3,598

9,052

1,518

6,729

451

230,127

3,679

489

2,072

1,858

39,729

2,624

2,177

232

10,792

7,304

4,457

2,358

3,157

3,410

3,019

1,362

4,803

2,544

3,169

1,747

2,877

8,361

4,451

2,641

3,914

1,697

1,449

202

1,822

3,399

4,892

8,504

6,715

915

7,633

3,507

9,562

8,419

437

3,335

550

4,461

11,617

1,700

3,092

4,440

8,469

2,410

7,319

355

169,008

2,282

305

1,809

1,107

31,222

2,069

1,422

343

8,454

4,371

2,955

2,687

2,398

2,059

1,396

786

2,535

1,314

2,050

1,378

2,119

7,652

3,667

1,594

2,226

2,582

1,339

136

1,061

2,356

2,539

6,756

5,352

2,976

4,402

2,250

7,280

7,179

244

2,030

400

2,829

6,878

881

1,614

3,057

7,461

1,372

5,462

372

266,602

3,925

578

2,886

1,919

46,836

3,198

2,549

284

12,685

7,787

5,888

3,057

3,493

3,745

3,350

1,476

5,441

2,706

4,038

2,084

3,562

9,959

5,617

2,811

4,168

2,485

1,744

314

2,032

3,950

5,286

10,004

7,885

1,892

8,410

3,723

10,715

9,796

595

3,631

642

4,894

12,582

1,777

3,586

4,981

10,060

2,556

8,586

434

56.5

57.5

54.5

58.2

55.9

59.2

55.6

56.3

55.9

59.0

56.4

60.5

53.9

55.5

51.7

54.0

56.4

52.2

57.5

55.5

54.3

56.5

54.8

54.6

58.2

53.4

55.3

54.9

59.5

56.8

57.5

59.7

54.5

56.1

51.7

52.8

58.0

57.0

51.9

55.4

57.4

54.2

55.6

59.0

56.1

54.1

55.7

56.9

56.0

54.4

55.8
2017 Census of Agriculture Specialty Crops 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Table 12. Race and Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin of Producers on Farms with Specialty Crops –

United States and States: 2017

[Data were collected for a maximum of four producers per farm. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Geographic area All

producers

Producers reporting only one race

Producers

reporting 

more

than one 

race

Producers

reporting

Hispanic,

Latino, or

Spanish 

origin

American 

Indian

or

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or

African

American

Native 

Hawaiian

or Other

Pacific 

Islander

White

United States ........................

Alabama ...............................

Alaska ...................................

Arizona .................................

Arkansas ..............................

California ..............................

Colorado ...............................

Connecticut ..........................

Delaware ..............................

Florida ..................................

Georgia .................................

Hawaii ...................................

Idaho ....................................

Illinois ...................................

Indiana ..................................

Iowa ......................................

Kansas .................................

Kentucky ...............................

Louisiana ..............................

Maine ....................................

Maryland ...............................

Massachusetts .....................

Michigan ...............................

Minnesota .............................

Mississippi ............................

Missouri ................................

Montana ...............................

Nebraska ..............................

Nevada .................................

New Hampshire ....................

New Jersey ...........................

New Mexico ..........................

New York ..............................

North Carolina ......................

North Dakota ........................

Ohio ......................................

Oklahoma .............................

Oregon .................................

Pennsylvania ........................

Rhode Island ........................

South Carolina ......................

South Dakota ........................

Tennessee ............................

Texas ....................................

Utah ......................................

Vermont ................................

Virginia .................................

Washington ..........................

West Virginia ........................

Wisconsin .............................

Wyoming ..............................

435,610

6,207

883

4,695

3,026

78,058

5,267

3,971

627

21,139

12,158

8,843

5,744

5,891

5,804

4,746

2,262

7,976

4,020

6,088

3,462

5,681

17,611

9,284

4,405

6,394

5,067

3,083

450

3,093

6,306

7,825

16,760

13,237

4,868

12,812

5,973

17,995

16,975

839

5,661

1,042

7,723

19,460

2,658

5,200

8,038

17,521

3,928

14,048

806

6,007

81

31

1,985

12

789

46

10

-

144

37

38

14

5

18

8

17

27

43

12

11

14

83

38

24

57

59

-

7

12

11

814

52

149

7

26

565

112

28

-

38

28

35

193

81

7

51

112

11

54

11

13,349

24

11

68

42

6,007

70

20

7

929

78

2,663

54

53

22

40

17

20

43

22

50

63

65

279

12

75

19

8

12

6

174

79

106

140

2

56

46

371

55

3

30

1

48

278

32

7

79

647

10

405

1

6,243

452

3

5

147

230

21

21

-

634

661

17

3

81

14

43

12

61

243

139

61

157

191

16

646

20

2

3

5

31

28

15

66

415

1

35

79

36

16

11

642

-

124

527

-

6

270

32

-

21

-

1,208

3

-

41

-

301

8

2

-

32

11

583

3

3

-

5

1

1

5

6

5

5

-

3

6

1

12

1

-

-

2

4

10

6

-

9

9

35

4

-

4

2

6

9

12

6

14

36

-

2

-

403,880

5,582

819

2,561

2,755

69,807

5,055

3,907

618

19,206

11,267

4,751

5,620

5,703

5,736

4,627

2,196

7,809

3,648

5,854

3,296

5,402

17,136

8,903

3,688

6,156

4,947

3,068

423

3,013

6,041

6,839

16,434

12,438

4,835

12,591

4,996

17,224

16,800

825

4,896

1,001

7,412

18,234

2,494

5,134

7,555

16,413

3,847

13,525

793

4,923

65

19

35

70

924

67

11

2

194

104

791

50

46

14

23

19

58

38

55

39

40

136

45

29

85

28

3

3

31

50

74

92

89

23

95

278

217

72

-

51

10

98

219

39

40

69

281

60

41

1

26,339

68

26

288

62

10,953

281

83

3

3,273

196

532

127

116

65

39

50

59

150

69

67

119

426

80

68

112

66

46

14

35

142

2,910

251

221

33

136

118

861

206

4

72

14

110

1,926

88

57

199

1,310

79

109

20

2017 Census of Agriculture Appendix A - 1

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Appendix

Methodology and General Terms

METHODOLOGY

This publication is a special tabulation of data 

collected in the 2017 Census of Agriculture. For a 

description of the methodology used in the census, 

refer to the 2017 Census of Agriculture, Volume 1, at 

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2

017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usappx

a.pdf. 

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

The following definitions and explanations provide a 

detailed description of specific terms and phrases 

used in this publication. Items in the publication tables 

which carry the note “See text” also are explained. For 

more details relating to the census of agriculture 

program, go to the NASS website at

https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2

017/index.php. 

Acres. Crops were reported in whole acres, except for 

the following crops that were reported in tenths of 

acres: nursery and greenhouse crops in the open, 

vegetables including potatoes and sweet potatoes, 

fruit and nut crops including land in orchards, and 

land in berries. Totals for crops reported in tenths of 

acres were rounded to whole acres at the aggregate 

level during the tabulation process. Nursery and 

greenhouse crops grown under glass or other 

protection were reported in square feet but were 

converted to acres for this report. Acres of maple 

syrup were not defined and were not included in total 

acres but are included in the farm count.

If two or more crops were harvested from the same 

land during the year (double cropping), the acres were 

counted for each crop. Therefore, the sum of all the 

individual crops harvested generally exceeded the 

acres of harvested cropland. For this publication, land 

in vegetables, land in berries, land in orchards, 

horticulture acres in the open, and area under 

protection are used and not the sum of individual 

crops on those acres. This represents the acres used, 

regardless of the number of crops or number of times 

the acres were harvested. See Nursery, greenhouse, 

floriculture, and sod for additional explanation. 

If a crop was planted but not harvested, the acres were 

not reported as harvested. This does not include fruit 

and nut orchards, vineyards, berries, acres in 

production for cultivated Christmas trees, and acres in 

production for short rotation woody crops that were 

not harvested. Acreage for these commodities was 

included in cropland harvested whether the crop was 

harvested. Pulse crops harvested were included 

regardless of double cropping that may have occurred 

on the same acres. Cropland in abandoned orchards is 

not included.

Average age of producers. Data on age were 

obtained from up to four producers per farm in 2017. 

Berries. See Land in berries.

Citrus. This is a summation of the total acres defined 

as citrus such as grapefruits, kumquats, lemons, limes, 

oranges, tangelos, tangerines, and other citrus.

Crop year or season covered. Acres and quantity 

harvested are for the calendar year 2017 except for 

coffee. Data for coffee relate to July 2016 through 

June 2017.

Cultivated Christmas trees. Data are for acres of 

Christmas trees in production, either cut or to be cut, 

the number of these acres irrigated, and the value of 

sales of the harvested trees. In 2012 this item was 

referred to as Cut Christmas trees. This is a wording 

change only; data are comparable.

Farms. The term ‘‘farms’’ and “farms reporting” in 

the presentation of data are equivalent. Both represent 

the number of farms reporting the item. For example, 
A - 2 Appendix 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

if there are 3,710 farms in a State and 842 farms had 

28,594 acres of tree nuts, the data for those farms 

reporting tree nuts would appear as:

Tree nuts farms. . . . . 842

 acres . . . 28,594

Farms by legal status for tax purposes. All farms 

were classified by legal status in the 2017 census. This 

section collects information for federal tax purposes 

to determine an operation’s legal status. The 

classifications used were:

1. Family or individual (sole proprietorship), 

excluding partnership and corporation.

2. Partnership, including family partnership. 

3. Corporation, including family corporations. 

4. Other – estate or trust, prison farm, grazing 

association, American Indian Reservation, etc.

Farms by size. All farms were classified into size 

groups according to the land in farms. Land in farms 

includes land owned plus land rented from others (not 

including AUM land) minus land rented to others.

Fruits, tree nuts, and berries. See Land in orchards

and Land in berries.

Harvested cropland. This category includes land 

from which crops were harvested and hay was cut, 

land used to grow short rotation woody crops and 

cultivated Christmas trees, land in orchards, groves, 

vineyards, berries, nurseries, and greenhouses. Land

from which two or more crops were harvested was 

counted only once. Land in tapped maple trees was 

included in woodland not pastured. 

Hired farm labor. Data are for total hired farm 

workers, including paid family members, by number 

of days worked. Data exclude contract laborers.

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin. Producers of 

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin are found in all of 

the racial groups listed in the census and were 

tabulated according to the race reported. 

Irrigated land. This category includes all land 

watered by any artificial or controlled means, such as 

sprinklers, flooding, furrows or ditches, subirrigation, and spreader dikes. Included are 

supplemental, partial, and pre-plant irrigation. Each 

acre was counted only once regardless of the number 

of times it was irrigated or harvested. If an operation 

reported less than one acre irrigated, the irrigated land 

for the operation was rounded to one acre. Livestock 

lagoon wastewater distributed by sprinkler or flood 

systems was also included.

Land in berries. Data are for total land in berries. 

Respondents in 2017 reported bearing age acres and 

nonbearing acres by individual berry crops. In 2012 

and previous censuses, respondents reported acres 

harvested and acres not harvested of individual berry 

crops.

Land in farms. The acreage designated as ‘‘land in 

farms’’ consists primarily of agricultural land used for 

crops, pasture, or grazing. It also includes woodland 

and wasteland not actually under cultivation or used 

for pasture or grazing, provided it was part of the farm 

producer’s total operation. Large acreages of 

woodland or wasteland held for nonagricultural 

purposes were deleted from individual reports during 

the edit process. Land in farms includes CRP, WRP, 

FWP, and CREP acres. For definitions of these types 

of land, please refer to 2017 Census of Agriculture, 

Volume 1, Appendix B.

Land in farms is an operating unit concept and 

includes land owned and operated as well as land 

rented from others. Land used rent free was reported 

as land rented from others. All grazing land, except 

land used under government permits on a per-head 

basis, was included as ‘‘land in farms’’ provided it 

was part of a farm or ranch. Land under the exclusive 

use of a grazing association was reported by the 

grazing association and included in the grazing 

association farm as land in farms. All land in 

American Indian reservations used for growing crops, 

grazing livestock, or the potential of grazing livestock 

was included as land in farms. Land in reservations 

not reported by reservation, individual American 

Indians, or non-Native Americans was reported in the 

name of the cooperative group that used the land. In 

some instances, an entire American Indian reservation 

was reported as one farm.

Land in orchards. Starting in 2017, pineapples were 

moved from the field crops section to the fruit and nut 

section. As a result, land in orchards includes 

pineapples and it is not directly comparable to 2012. 
2017 Census of Agriculture Appendix A - 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This category includes land in bearing age and 

nonbearing age fruit trees, citrus or other groves, 

vineyards, and nut trees of all ages, including land on 

which all fruit crops failed. Respondents also reported 

bearing age acres and nonbearing age acres by 

individual fruit and nut crops.

Land in vegetables. Starting in 2017, taro and ginger 

root were moved from the field crops section to the 

vegetables section. As a result, land in vegetables 

includes taro and ginger root and it is not directly 

comparable to 2012. Data are for the total land used 

for vegetable and melon crops. The acres were 

reported only once, even though two or more harvests 

of a vegetable or more than one vegetable were 

harvested from the same acres. 

Maple syrup. Data are for farms, the number of taps 

set, and syrup produced.

Market value of agricultural products sold. This 

category represents the gross market value before 

taxes and production expenses of all agricultural 

products sold or removed from the place in 2017

regardless of who received the payment. It is 

equivalent to total sales and it includes sales by the 

producers as well as the value of any shares received 

by partners, landlords, contractors, or others 

associated with the operation. It includes the value of 

organic sales, direct sales, and the value of 

commodities placed in Commodity Credit 

Corporation (CCC) loan programs. Market value of 

agricultural products sold does not include payments 

received for participation in other Federal farm 

programs. It does not include income from farmrelated sources such as customwork and other 

agricultural services, or income from nonfarm 

sources. 

Market value of all crops. Data included in this 

category are the value of sales for all crops in 2017 on 

farms with specialty crops. This includes, but is not 

limited to, row crops, small grains, forage crops, 

vegetables, orchards, vineyards, berries, horticulture, 

and other specialty crops. 

The value of crops sold in 2017 does not necessarily 

represent the sales from crops harvested in 2017. Data 

may include sales from crops produced in earlier 

years and may exclude some crops produced in 2017

but held in storage and not sold. 

The value of agricultural products sold was requested 

of all producers. If the producers failed to report this 

information, estimates were made based on the 

amount of crops harvested, livestock or poultry 

inventory, or number sold. Sales figures are expressed 

in current dollars and have not been adjusted for 

inflation or deflation.

Migrant farm labor on farms reporting only 

contract labor. Data are for those operations that did 

not have hired farm workers but reported that they did 

have migrant contract workers on their operation in 

2017.

Migrant farm labor on farms with hired labor. 

Producers were asked whether any hired or contract 

workers were migrant workers. A migrant farm 

worker is a farm worker whose employment required 

travel that prevented the worker from returning to 

his/her permanent place of residence the same day.

More than one race reported. This category 

represents those producers who reported more than 

one race on the census form. 

Noncitrus fruit. This is a summation of the fruit acres 

reported and defined as noncitrus such as apples, 

grapes, and plums.

Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod. Data 

are for total square feet under protection and acres in 

the open. Individual crop data were collected for area 

under glass or other protection, area in the open, and 

sales of aquatic plants, floriculture and bedding crops, 

nursery crops, sod, propagative materials, food crops 

grown under protection, and mushroom crops. Total 

sales data are the summation of all crops.

Other specialty crops. Data for this category relate 

to other specialty crops harvested and irrigated acres. 

Commodities included in this category are dried 

herbs, hops, jojoba, mint tea leaves, peppermint, 

spearmint, and sweet corn for seed. The crops 

included in this category are not the same as in 2012; 

data are not comparable. 

Primary occupation of producer. Data on primary 
A - 4 Appendix 2017 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

occupation were obtained from up to four producers

per farm. The primary occupation classifications used 

were:

1. Farm or ranch work. The producer spent 50

percent or more of his/her worktime during 2017

farming or ranching.

 

2. Other. The producer spent less than 50 percent of 

his/her worktime during 2017 farming or 

ranching.

Producer. The term producer designates a person 

who is involved in making decisions for the farm 

operation. Decisions may include decisions about 

such things as planting, harvesting, livestock 

management, and marketing. The producer may be 

the owner, a member of the owner’s household, a 

hired manager, a tenant, a renter, or a sharecropper. If 

a person rents land to others or has land worked on 

shares by others, he/she is considered the producer

only of the land which is retained for his/her own 

operation. The census collected information on the 

total number of male producers, the total number of 

female producers, and demographic information for 

up to four producers per farm. 

Producer characteristics. Producers (up to four 

producers per farm) were asked to report primary 

occupation, sex, age, race, if they were of Hispanic, 

Latino or Spanish origin, place of residence, if retired

from farming, number of days worked off farm, year 

in which his/her operation of the farm began, year 

began operating any farm, if they were a hired 

manager, if they had military service, and the number 

of persons living in their households. In addition the 

total number of male and female producers was 

collected from each operation. 

Producers, number. Demographic and other 

information were collected for up to four producers

per farm. This may be fewer than the total number of 

producers on some farms. 

Producers of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. 

This category is relabeled from 2012.

Pulse crops. Commodities included in this category 

are dry edible beans, chickpeas (garbanzo beans), dry 

peas (including dry edible, wrinkled seed, dry 

southern (cowpeas), and Austrian winter), dry lima 

beans, and lentils.

Race of producer. With the exception of Hawaii, 

data were collected for American Indian or Alaska 

Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native 

Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White 

producers. Respondents were asked to mark one or 

more of the race categories. In Hawaii, producer race 

data were collected for American Indian or Alaska 

Native, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Other 

Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian, 

other Pacific Islander, and White. The combination of 

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander is 

equivalent to the Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

Islander category on the other forms. The 

combination of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, 

and Other Asian categories is equivalent to the Asian 

category on the other forms.

Short rotation woody crops. Acreage data are for 

acres in production of short rotation woody crops that 

grow from seed to a mature tree in 10 years or less. 

Value of sales data are for the trees that were 

harvested and sold. These are trees for use by the 

paper or pulp industry or as engineered wood. This 

does not include lumber. Acres in production were 

included in Cropland harvested in the Land use

section of the census report form.

Specialty crops. Included in this category are fruits, 

tree nuts, berries, vegetables, potatoes, melons, pulse 

crops, nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, cultivated

Christmas trees, short rotation woody crops, and other 

specialty crops.

Tree nuts. This category includes the acres in 

production reported in commodities defined as tree 

nuts such as almonds, chestnuts, hazelnuts, 

macadamia nuts, pecans, pistachios, and walnuts. It 

does not include peanuts.