State of California 

AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

Notice of Public Availability of Modified Text 

2012 AMENDMENTS TO THE CALIFORNIA 

ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE REGULATION

Public Hearing Date: January 26 and 27, 2012 

Public Availability Date: February 22, 2012 

Deadline for Public Comment: March 8, 2012 

At its January 26 and 27, 2012 public hearing, the Air Resources Board (ARB or Board) 

approved staff’s proposed amendments with modifications to the California Code of 

Regulations (CCR), title 13, section 1962.1, 1962.2 (renumbered to 1962.3), and 

associated test procedures. The Board also approved with modifications the adoption 

of the new title 13, CCR, section 1962.2, and its new associated test procedures. 

These regulations relate to the Board’s Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program which 

requires auto manufacturers to develop and commercialize ZEV technologies. 

At the hearing, the staff presented, and the Board approved modifications to the 

regulations originally proposed in the Staff Report released on December 7, 2011 in 

response to comments received since the Staff Report was published. These 

modifications include the new optional section 177 state compliance path, the ability for 

partial allowance zero emission vehicles (PZEV) to certify to LEV II or LEV III exhaust 

standards in certain model years, and allowing hydrogen internal combustion engine 

vehicles to earn the full amount of credit under the transitional zero emission vehicle 

(TZEV) provisions. The Board directed staff to incorporate further modifications 

including modifying the date by which manufacturers must apply to use the greenhouse 

gas (GHG) ZEV over-compliance provision and ensuring there is fair treatment for 

manufacturers transitioning from one size definition category to another. 

Board Resolution 12-11 approved new section 1962.2, and the incorporated test 

procedures, and approved section 1962.1, and the incorporated test procedures and 

section 1962.2(renumbered to 1962.3) as modified. The resolution and all other 

regulatory documents for this rulemaking are available online at the following ARB 

website: 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2012/zev2012/zev2012.htm

In accordance with the Government Code, section 11346.8, the Board directed the 

Executive Officer to adopt in the CCR, title 13, sections 1962.1, 1962.2 and 1962.3, 

after making them available to the public for comment for a period of at least fifteen 

days. The Board further provided that the Executive Officer shall consider such written 

comments as may be submitted during this period, shall make such modifications as 

may be appropriate in light of the comments received, and shall present the regulations 

to the Board for further consideration if warranted. 

 
2

Modified Text Being Made Available for Public Comment

As shown in the 45-Day Public Notice, the existing regulatory language for sections 

1962.1 and 1962.2 (renumbered to 1962.3) is denoted by plain text, while additions to 

the existing regulatory text, as initially proposed, are denoted by single underline and 

deletions by single strikeout. Attachment A contains additional changes to sections 

1962.1, 1962.2, and 1962.3 subject to comment with this notice. The proposed 

regulatory language for the new section 1962.2 is denoted by plain text with no strike 

out or underline. The additional proposed changes to sections 1962.1 and 1962.2 

(renumbered for 1962.3) that are subject to comment in this 15-Day Public Notice are 

denoted in Attachment A by double underline and deletions by double strikeout. The 

additional proposed changes to the new section 1962.2 that are subject to comment in 

this 15-Day Public Notice are denoted in Attachment A by single underline and deletions 

by single strikeout. Text for section 1962.1 and 1962.2 (renumbered to 1962.3) in 

Attachment A that has both single underline and double strikeout is text that staff 

proposed in the 45-Day Public Notice but later proposed for retraction as part of this 

15-Day Public Notice. And text with single strikeout and double underline is text 

proposed for re-inclusion in sections 1962.1 and 1962.2 (renumbered to 1962.3). 

Summary of Proposed Modifications 

1. Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path 

Staff’s modifications include an optional Section 177 state ZEV compliance path 

available for intermediate and large volume manufacturers. In order to be eligible for 

this optional compliance path, manufacturers must place additional battery electric 

vehicles (BEV) in the Section 177 states equal to 0.75 percent of sales in 2016 model 

year and 1.5 percent of sales in 2017 model year. These obligations cannot be met 

with “traveled” credits, and are in addition to the existing requirements (i.e. 3 percent in 

each year) which can be met with “traveled” credits. Existing carry-forward and carryback provisions will remain available to manufacturers. In exchange for these pre-2018 

ZEVs placed in Section 177 states, manufacturers will have the following reductions in 

their allowed transitional zero emission vehicle (TZEV) percentage and minimum ZEV 

requirement: 

Optional Compliance Path Section 177 State Allowed TZEV Credit Percentage 

2015 2016 2017 2018 

Percentage Reduction for 

TZEVs 25% 20% 15% 10% 

New TZEV Credit % in 

Section 177 States 2.25% 2.40% 2.55% 2.25% 

 
3

Optional Compliance Path Section 177 State Minimum ZEV Credit Percentage 

2018 2019 2020 

Percent Reductions for 

Minimum ZEV Floor 37.5% 25% 12.5% 

New minimum ZEV Credit % 

in Section 177 States 1.25% 3% 5.25% 

In addition to the above credit percentage reductions, manufacturers on this optional 

compliance path will be allowed to “pool” their TZEV and ZEV credits within two regional 

pools: an East Region pool and a West Region pool. The East Region pool will be 

defined as Section 177 states east of the Mississippi River. The West Region pool will 

be defined as the Section 177 states located west of the Mississippi River. Currently, 

the East Region includes the following states: Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, 

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New York, and Vermont. The West Region 

currently includes the following states: New Mexico and Oregon. Pooling for TZEV 

credits shall begin in 2015 model year through 2021 model year, and pooling for ZEV 

credits shall begin in 2016 model year through 2021 model year. Trading between the 

East and West pools is allowed at a 30% premium. For example, a manufacturer 

wanting to trade from its East to West pool would take 130 credits from its East pool, 

and move those credits to its West pool, where the traded credits would be worth 100 

credits in its West pool. Intermediate or large volume manufacturers must submit 

written notification for choosing this path no later than September 1, 2014. Pooling will 

be assessed on whether the system is working as intended and considered for model 

years beyond 2021 at a later review of the ZEV regulation. Regulatory language has 

been added to subdivisions 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. (and in the incorporated test procedures) 

and 1962.2(d)(5)(E)3. (and in the incorporated test procedures) to reflect this optional 

compliance path. 

All parties reserve the right to reevaluate this proposal and/or any subsequent 

agreement in the event of other significant changes to California’s proposed regulation, 

including changes to California volume requirements. Any changes would need to go 

through a subsequent rulemaking. 

2. GHG-ZEV Over-Compliance 

The Board directed staff to pull forward the final application date for manufacturers 

choosing to use the GHG-ZEV over-compliance provision from May 1, 2018 to 

December 31, 2016. This will allow staff to consider information on manufacturers’ 

plans to over-comply with the GHG fleet standard in the mid-term review, scheduled to 

take place in 2017. 

Additionally, as provided in “Attachment E" which was made available at the Board 

Hearing, staff’s modifications include a provision which states that the GHG-ZEV overcompliance provision is only available if the Board accepts compliance with the Federal 

GHG fleet standard as compliance with the California GHG fleet standard. 
4

3. PZEV Certification 

Staff’s modifications include allowing manufacturers to certify 2014 model year PZEVs 

to the new LEV III standards, which includes super-ultra-low-emission vehicle (SULEV) 

20 certification. This modification reflects what is proposed to be allowed under the LEV 

III regulation. Additionally, staff’s modifications allow 2015 through 2019 vehicles 

(PZEVs, advanced technology PZEVs, and TZEVs) to certify to LEV II exhaust and 

evaporative emission standards to conform to what is proposed to be allowed under the 

LEV III regulation. 

4. Same Year Method for Calculating the Number of Vehicles to Which the 

Percentage ZEV requirement is Applied 

Staff’s changes modify the criteria by which the Executive Officer is to make a decision 

allowing a manufacturer to use the same year method, as opposed to the previous 

second, third, and fourth model year average, to when a manufacturer experiences a 

30 percent drop in sales rather than 40 percent drop in sales. Staff analyzed 

manufacturers’ sales data from periods in which there were significant drops in vehicle 

sales. 

Based on this analysis, staff considers a 30 percent decline from one model year to the 

next represents a significant impact to a manufacturer, and is an appropriate threshold 

for allowing a manufacturer to choose the same year method to determine its ZEV 

requirements. 

5. TZEV Credit Calculation for 2018 and Subsequent Model Years 

It has been brought to staff’s attention that the use of actual charge depleting range 

(Rcda) for TZEV credit determination might be “gamed” with vehicles equipped with 

battery systems that may not maintain sufficient power output through several urban 

dynamometer drive schedule (UDDS) driving cycles to meet the acceleration 

requirements on electric power alone, and that equivalent all electric range (EAER) 

would better reflect usable battery capacity. Without the proposed change, blended 

plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) would earn the same credit as ones that could 

maintain higher power throughout a UDDS range test, where test results would show 

EAER equal to Rcda. The proposed change bases credit on EAER instead of Rcda. This 

modification will not result in a change in credit for most PHEVs, and will allocate credit 

proportional to the amount of usable energy available on a particular PHEV, a more 

appropriate metric for PHEV performance in the ZEV regulation. 

6. Definition Changes 

At the January 2012 hearing, the Board directed staff to resolve remaining 

inconsistencies regarding the timing when manufacturers are subject to the large 

volume and intermediate volume ZEV requirements as a result of changing size 

definition categories for any reason, including change of ownership situations. Staff 

modified regulatory language in section 1962.1, and in the incorporated test procedure, 

to ensure manufacturers changing size due to change of ownership would be subject to 

stepped-up requirements starting in 2018. 
5

7. Delivered for Sale and Placed in Service 

Staff’s modifications allow manufacturers to earn both delivered for sale and placed in 

service credits for a ZEV, as long as the ZEV is delivered for sale in either California or 

a Section 177 state, and placed in service in California or a Section 177 state. 

Frequently, especially amongst Section177 states in the Northeast, dealers trade 

vehicles across state lines, and manufacturers have little control over where the 

vehicles are placed in service. Additionally, staff’s modifications specify that the total 

credit for the vehicle (meaning the delivered for sale credit plus the placed in service 

credit) will be earned in the state in which the ZEV is originally delivered for sale. 

8. Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles 

Staff’s modifications include adding back subdivision 1962.1(c)(3)(B) and subdivision 

C.3.3(b), which allows hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles to qualify for zeroemission vehicle miles traveled (VMT) PZEV allowance. Manufacturers have indicated 

interest in hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles, and those vehicles will 

continue to qualify as TZEVs in 2012 and subsequent model years. 

9. Alternative Charge Connector 

Staff’s modifications include an alternative approval process in Section 1962.3 for 

vehicles with SAE J1772 AC “equivalency” when equipped with a manufacturer 

provided, safety-listed adapter. This provides flexibility for manufacturers as a DC fast 

charge connector standard is being developed and adopted. 

10. Upstream Emissions and Harmonizing with Federal Regulations 

The Board directed staff to have manufacturers include upstream emission associated 

with ZEVs and TZEVs in their calculation of GHG-ZEV over compliance credits in 2018 

through 2021 model year. When staff subsequently updates the regulation to 

harmonize with the Federal standard, it will make appropriate changes to the regulatory 

language to ensure upstream emissions associated with ZEVs and TZEVs are included 

in a manufacturer’s calculation of GHG-ZEV over compliance credits. 

11. Minor Modifications 

Other post-hearing conforming modifications were made to the regulation for 

clarification and simplification: 

Minor modifications for Section 1962.1 and the incorporated Test Procedure 

1962.1(b)(1)(B)2. and C.2.1(b)(2): References to light-duty truck “2” (LDT2) have been 

removed from this section because the phase in of LDT2s in manufacturer’s applicable 

sales volumes will be completed after model year 2011. 

 
6

1962.1(c)(3)(A) and C.3.3(a): References to the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium Duty 

Vehicle Classes” have been updated, as well as the reference to the equation used to 

determine the utility factor manufacturers are to use to calculate a zero-emission VMT 

allowance. 

1962.1(d)(5)(E)1. and 2., and C.4.5(e)(1) and (2): Regulatory language has been 

clarified to specifically apply the provision to large volume manufacturers and 

intermediate volume manufacturers, which are the only manufacturers with a ZEV 

requirement. Additionally, language in subdivisions 1962.1(d)(5)(E)1.b. and 

C.4.5(e)(1)(B) has been clarified to match the regulatory language in subdivisions 

1962.1(d)(5)(E)1.a. and C.4.5(e)(1)(A). 

1962.1(g)(2)(A) and C.7.2(a): Regulatory language has been clarified to accurately 

reflect how ZEV credits are calculated. Additionally, language has been added to 

specify how credits are calculated for model years 2015 through 2017. 

1962.1(g)(2)(B) and C.7.2(b): Regulatory language has been clarified to accurately 

reflect how PZEV credits are calculated. Additionally, language has been added to 

specify how credits are calculated for model years 2015 through 2017. 

1962.1(g)(2)(A) and (B), and C.7.2(a) and (b): Regulatory language has also been 

clarified to reflect that manufacturers may use the light-duty truck “2” (LDT2) 

non-methane organic gas (NMOG) fleet average when calculating the amount of credits 

earned by LDT2 PZEVs and ZEVs in model year 2009 through 2011. For 2012 through 

2014 model years, manufacturer are only allowed to use their passenger car (PC) and 

light-duty truck “1” (LDT1) NMOG average when calculating PZEV and ZEV credits. 

1962.1(g)(5)(A) and C.7.5(a): Regulatory language has been clarified to specify that 

transportation system credits for 2009 through 2011 ZEVs can qualify for the travel 

provision. The language has been also been corrected to show that TZEVs, Type I.5x 

vehicles and Type IIx vehicles can earn transportation system credits through model 

year 2017. 

1962.1(g)(5)(C)2. and C.7.5(c)(2): The language has been clarified to specify how the 

cap for transportation system credits earned by TZEVs applies if a manufacturer 

chooses to comply with the optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

1962.1(g)(6)(A) and C.7.6(a): The language has been clarified to specify how the cap 

for both 2001 through 2005 neighborhood electric vehicles (NEV) and 2006 and through 

2017 NEVs applies if a manufacturer chooses to comply with the optional Section 177 

state compliance path. 

 
7

1962.1(i)(5) and B.1: A definition for “conventional rounding method” has been added 

to clarify how credits are rounded in the ZEV bank and when doing ZEV calculations. 

1962.1(i)(6) and B.1: A definition for “East Region pool” has been added due to the new 

optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

1962.1(i)(7) through (18): These subdivisions have been renumbered due to the 

addition of new definitions. 

1962.1(i)(17) and B.1: A definition for “West Region pool” has been added due to the 

new optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

Section D.3: A sentence was added to Section D in the 2009 through 2017 

incorporated test procedures in staff’s initial proposal, but was not properly underlined. 

The new sentence, which requires manufacturers to update their annual NMOG reports 

if their production numbers on their ZEV reports have been updated, has been indicated 

by a double underline. 

Section F: The Section F title in the 2009 through 2017 incorporated test procedure has 

been modified to reflect that section F applies to 2012 through 2017 model ZEVs and 

hybrid electric vehicles. Additionally, a reference has been corrected in the first 

paragraph of this section due to renumbering of test procedure sections. 

Section G: The Section G title in the 2009 through 2017 incorporated test procedures 

has been modified to reflect that Section G applies to 2012 through 2017 model offvehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Additionally a new section 

G.12 has been added to establish the calculations that must be used to determine the 

GHG emissions values attributable to PHEVs for the 2017 model year. 

 

Minor Modifications for 1962.2 and the Incorporated Test Procedures 

1962.2(a) and C.1: The language has been clarified to reflect that greenhouse gas 

emissions from a vehicle’s air conditioning system will not exclude the vehicle from 

counting as a ZEV. 

1962.2(c)(3)(A)1. and C.3.3(a)(1): The language has been corrected with the 

appropriate acronym for all electric range, which is AER, not Rcda. Additionally, the 

reference to the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for the 

2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and Hybrid Electric Vehicles in 

the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium Duty Vehicle Classes” has been 

corrected. 

1962.2(d)(5)(E) and C.4.5(e): The language has been clarified to specifically apply the 

provision to large volume manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers, which 

are the only manufacturers with a ZEV requirement. 
8

1962.2(d)(5)(G) and C.4.5(g): The minimum range qualification has been corrected 

from 80 miles range to 75 miles range for range extended battery electric vehicles 

(BEVx) to match the minimum requirements for BEVxs in 2012 through 2017. 

1962.2(g)(2)(A) and C.7.2(a): The language has been clarified for how ZEV credits are 

calculated if a manufacturer chooses to comply with the optional Section 177 state 

compliance path. 

1962.2(g)(2)(B) and C.7.2(b): The language has been clarified for how TZEV credits 

are calculated if a manufacturer chooses to comply with the optional Section 177 state 

compliance path. 

1962.2(g)(5)(C)1 and C.7.5(c)(1): The language has been clarified to specify how the 

cap for transportation system credits earned by ZEVs applies if a manufacturer chooses 

to comply with the optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

1962.2(g)(5)(C)2 and C.7.5(c)(2): The language has been clarified to specify how the 

cap for transportation system credits earned by TZEVs applies if a manufacturer 

chooses to comply with the optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

1962.2(g)(6)(A) and C.7.6(a): The language has been clarified to specify how the cap 

for discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits and NEV credits applies if a manufacturer 

chooses to comply with the optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

1962.2(g)(6)(B)2.a and C.7.6(b)(2)A.: The language has been corrected to reference 

the correct subdivision within section 1961.3. 

1962.2(i)(3) and B.1.: A definition for “conventional rounding method” has been added 

to clarify how credits are rounded in the ZEV bank and when doing ZEV calculations. 

1962.2(i)(5) and B.1.: A definition for “East Region pool” has been added due to the 

new optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

1962.2(i)(4) – (19): These subdivisions have been renumbered due to the addition of 

new definitions. 

1962.2(i)(17) and B.1.: A definition for “West Region pool” has been added due to the 

new optional Section 177 state compliance path. 

1962.2(j): Some abbreviations have been removed because they no longer apply nor 

are used in the regulatory text. 

 
9

Section B.1: Definitions for Discounted PZEVs and AT PZEV credits, energy storage 

device, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle 

have been added to the 2018 and subsequent model year test procedures to reflect 

definitions included in section 1962.2. 

Section F: The Section F title has been modified in the 2018 and subsequent model 

year incorporated test procedures to reflect that section F applies to 2018 and 

subsequent model ZEVs and hybrid electric vehicles. Additionally, a sentence has been 

removed that stated manufacturers may certify 2009 through 2011 model year ZEVs 

and hybrid electric vehicles because the sentence will not apply in the 2018 and 

subsequent model year timeframe. 

Section G: The Section G title has been modified in the 2018 and subsequent model 

year incorporated test procedures to reflect that section G applies to 2018 and 

subsequent model ZEVs and hybrid electric vehicles. Additionally, a sentence has been 

removed that stated manufacturers may certify 2009 through 2011 model year PHEVs 

because the sentence will not apply in the 2018 and subsequent model year timeframe. 

Section J: Section J has been deleted from the 2018 and subsequent model year 

incorporated test procedures because it the 2009 through 2011 test procedures for 

2009 through 2011 model ZEV and hybrid electric vehicles no longer applies. 

 

In addition to the modifications described above, various modifications to the regulatory 

text have been made to improve clarity. 

Written comments will only be accepted on the modifications identified in this notice and 

may be submitted by postal mail or electronic mail submittal as follows: 

Postal mail: Clerk of the Board, Air Resources Board 

1001 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814 

Electronic submittal: http://www.arb.ca.gov/lispub/comm/bclist.php 

Please note that under the California Public Records Act (Gov. Code §6250 et seq.), 

your written and oral comments, attachments, and associated contact information (e.g., 

your address, phone, email, etc.) become part of the public record and can be released 

to the public upon request. 

In order to be considered by the Executive Officer, comments must be directed to ARB 

in one of the two forms described above and received by ARB by 5:00 p.m., on the 

deadline date for public comment listed at the beginning of this notice. Only comments 

relating to the above-described modifications to the text of the regulations shall be 

considered by the Executive Officer. 

 
10

If you need this document in an alternate format or another language, please contact 

the Clerk of the Board at (916) 322-5594 or by facsimile at (916) 322-3928 no later than 

five (5) business days from the release date of this notice. TTY/TDD/Speech to Speech 

users may dial 711 for the California Relay Service. 

Si necesita este documento en un formato alterno u otro idioma, por favor llame a la 

oficina del Secretario del Consejo de Recursos Atmosféricos al (916) 322-5594 o envíe 

un fax al (916) 322-3928 no menos de cinco (5) días laborales a partir de la fecha del 

lanzamiento de este aviso. Para el Servicio Telefónico de California para Personas con 

Problemas Auditivos, ó de teléfonos TDD pueden marcar al 711. 

Attachments 

The energy challenge facing California is real. Every Californian needs to take immediate action to 

reduce energy consumption. For a list of simple ways you can reduce demand and cut your energy 

costs, see ARB’s website at www.arb.ca.gov. 
A-1 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

Attachment A 

California Environmental Protection Agency 

 AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

PROPOSED 15-DAY REGULATION ORDER 

California Code of Regulations 

Section 1962.1 

Section 1962.2 

Section 1962.3 (Renumbered from 1962.2) 

 
A-2 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

 
A-3 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

Attachment A 

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFIED REGULATION ORDER 

Amend section 1962.1, title 13, California Code of Regulation (CCR), to read as follows: 

[Note: Set forth below are the 2012 amendments to the California zero emission vehicle 

(ZEV) regulation. The 45-day originally noticed text amendments are shown underline 

to indicate additions and strikeout to indicate deletions, compared to the preexisting 

regulatory language. The 15-day modifications subject to comment are shown in 

double underline to indicate additions and double strikeout to show deletions. Text that 

has both single underline and double strikeout is additional text that staff proposed 

during the 45-day Public Notice period but proposed for retraction as part of this 15-day 

Public Notice period. Text with single strikeout and double underline is text being 

proposed for re-inclusion in the regulation. All other portions remain unchanged and are 

indicated by the symbol “* * * * *” for reference.] 

§ 1962.1 Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards for 2009 and Subsequentthrough 

2017 Model Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and MediumDuty Vehicles.

* * * * * 

(b) Percentage ZEV Requirements. 

 

(1) General Percentage ZEV Requirement.

* * * * * 

(B) Calculating the Number of Vehicles to Which the Percentage ZEV 

Requirement is Applied. For purposes of calculating a manufacturer’s requirement in 

subdivision 1962.1(b)(1) for model years 2009 through 2017, a manufacturer may use a 

three year average method or same model year method, as described below in sections 

1. and 2. A manufacturer may switch methods on an annual basis. This production 

averaging is used to determine ZEV requirements specified in subdivision 1962.1 

(b)(1)(A) only, and has no effect on a manufacturer’s size determination, specified in 

section 1900. In applying the ZEV requirement, a PC, LDT1, or LDT2, that is produced 

by one manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer A), but is marketed in California by another 

manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer B) under the other manufacturer’s (Manufacturer B) 

nameplate, shall be treated as having been produced by the marketing manufacturer 

(Manufacturer B). 

* * * * * 
A-4 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

2. For 2012 and subsequentthrough 2017 model years, a 

manufacturer’s production volume for the given model year will be based on the threeyear average of the manufacturer’s volume of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s, as 

applicable, produced and delivered for sale in California in the prior fourth, fifth and sixth 

model year (for example, 2013 model year ZEV requirements will be based on 

California production volume of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s as applicable, for the 2007 

to 2009 model years, and 2014 model year ZEV requirements will be based on 

California production volume of PCs and LDTs, for the 2008 to 2010 model years). This 

production averaging is used to determine ZEV requirements only, and has no effect on 

a manufacturer’s size determination. As an alternative to the three-year averaging of 

prior year production described above, a manufacturer may elect to base its ZEV 

obligation on the number of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s, as applicable, produced by 

the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California that same model year. For 2012 

and subsequent model years, a A manufacturer may, on an annual basis, select either 

the three-year average or the same model-year calculation method. In applying the 

ZEV requirement, a PC, LDT1, or LDT2 as applicable, that is produced by one 

manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer A), but is marketed in California by another 

manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer B) under the other manufacturer’s (Manufacturer B) 

nameplate, shall be treated as having been produced by the marketing manufacturer 

(Manufacturer B). 

* * * * * 

(7) Changes in Small Volume, Independent Low Volume, and 

Intermediate Volume Manufacturer Status. 

(A) Increases in California Production Volume. In 2009 and 

subsequent through 2017 model years, if a small volume manufacturer’s average 

California production volume exceeds 4,500 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based 

on the average number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three 

previous consecutive model years, or if an independent low volume manufacturer’s 

average California production volume exceeds 10,000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and 

MDVs based on the average number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the 

three previous consecutive model years, the manufacturer shall no longer be treated as 

a small volume, or independent low volume manufacturer, as applicable, and shall 

comply with the ZEV requirements for intermediate volume manufacturers, as 

applicable, beginning with the sixth model year after the last of the three consecutive 

model years. 

If an intermediate volume manufacturer’s average California production 

volume exceeds 60,000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average 

number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive 

model years (i.e., total production volume exceeds 180,000 vehicles in a three-year 

period), the manufacturer shall no longer be treated as an intermediate volume 

manufacturer and shall, beginning with the sixth model year after the last of the three 
A-5 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

consecutive model years, or in model year 2018 (whichever occurs first), comply with all 

ZEV requirements for LVMs. 

Requirements will begin in the fourth model year, or in model year 2018 

(whichever occurs first) rather than the sixth model year when a manufacturer ceases to 

be a small or intermediate independent low volume manufacturer in 2003 or subsequent 

years due to the aggregation requirements in majority ownership situations, except that 

if the majority ownership in the manufacturer was acquired prior to the 2001 model year, 

the manufacturer must comply with the stepped-up ZEV requirements starting in the 

2010 model year. Requirements will begin in the fourth sixth model year, or in model 

year 2018 (whichever occurs first) rather than the sixth model year when a 

manufacturer ceases to be an intermediate volume manufacturer in 2003 or subsequent 

yearsthrough 2017 due to the aggregation requirements in majority ownership situation. 

* * * * * 

(c) Partial ZEV Allowance Vehicles (PZEVs). 

* * * * * 

(2) Baseline PZEV Allowance. In order for a vehicle to be eligible to receive a 

PZEV allowance, the manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with all of the 

following requirements. A qualifying vehicle will receive a baseline PZEV allowance of 

0.2. 

(A) SULEV Standards. For 2009 through 20143 model years, Ccertify 

the vehicle to the 150,000-mile SULEV exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs 

in sectionsubdivision 1961(a)(1). Bi-fuel, fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles must certify 

to the applicable 150,000-mile SULEV exhaust emission standards when operating on 

both fuels. For 20154 through 2017 model years, certify the vehicle to the 150,000-mile 

SULEV 20 or 30 exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 

1961.2(a)(1), or to the 150,000-mile SULEV exhaust emission standards for PCs and 

LDTs in subdivision 1961(a)(1). Bi-fuel, fuel flexible and dual-fuel vehicles must certify 

to the applicable 150,000-mile SULEV 20 or 30 exhaust emission standards when 

operating on both fuels; 

(B) Evaporative Emissions. For 2009 through 20143 model years, 

Ccertify the vehicle to the evaporative emission standards in sectionsubdivision 

1976(b)(1)(E) (zero-fuel evaporative emissions standards). For 20154 through 2017 

model years, certify the vehicle to the evaporative emission standards in subdivision 

1976(b)(1)(G) or subdivision 1976(b)(1)(E); 

* * * * * 

(3) Zero-Emission VMT PZEV Allowance. 

 
A-6 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

(A) Calculation of Zero -Emission VMT Allowance. A vehicle that 

meets the requirements of sectionsubdivision 1962.1(c)(2) and has zero-emission 

vehicle miles traveled (“VMT”) capability will generate an additional zero emission VMT 

PZEV allowance calculated as follows: 

Range Zero-emission VMT Allowance 

EAERu < 10 miles 0.0 

EAERu ≥10 miles to 40 miles

and 

Rcda = 10 miles to 40 miles 

EAERu x (1 – UFRcda)/11.028 

Rcda EAERu > 40 miles 

EAERu40/ 29.63 

(EAERu40) x [1 – (UF40*Rcda/EAERu)]/ 

11.028 

Where, 

UF40= utility factor at 40 miles 

EAERu40= 40 miles 

A vehicle cannot generate more than 1.39 zero-emission VMT PZEV 

allowances. 

The urban equivalent all-electric range (EAERu) and urban charge 

depletion range actual (Rcda) shall be determined in accordance with section F.12G.5.4 

and F.5.5G.11.9, respectively, of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2009 and Subsequentthrough 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium Duty 

Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.1(h). The utility factor (UF) 

based on the charge depletion range actual (urban cycle) (Rcda) shall be determined 

according to Section 4.5.2 Equation 56 and the “Fleet UF” Utility Factor Equation 

Coefficients in Section 4.5.2, Table 3 of SAE J2841 March 2009. 

(B) Alternative Procedures. As an alternative to determining the 

zero-emission VMT allowance in accordance with the preceding section 

1962.1(c)(3)(A), a manufacturer may submit for Executive Officer approval an 

alternative procedure for determining the zero-emission VMT potential of the vehicle as 

a percent of total VMT, along with an engineering evaluation that adequately 

substantiates the zero-emission VMT determination. For example, an alternative 

procedure may provide that a vehicle with zero-emissions of one regulated pollutant 

(e.g., NOx) and not another (e.g., NMOG) will qualify for a zero-emission VMT 

allowance of 1.5. 

* * * * * 
A-7 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

(C) ZEV Credits for 2009 and Subsequentthrough 2017 Model Year ZEVs. A 2009 

and subsequentthrough 2017 model-year ZEV, including a Type I.5x and Type IIx, other than a NEV or 

Type 0, earns 1 ZEV credit when it is produced and delivered for sale in California. A 2009 and 

subsequentthrough 2017 model-year ZEV earns additional credits based on the earliest year in which the 

ZEV is placed in service in California (not earlier than the ZEV’s model year). The vehicle must be 

delivered for sale and placed in service in the same state (i.e California)a Section 177 state or in 

California in order to earn the total credit amount. The total credit amount will be earned in the state (i.e. 

California or a Section 177 state) in which the vehicle was delivered for sale. The following table 

identifies the total credits that a ZEV in each of the eight ZEV tiers will earn, including the credit not 

contingent on placement in service, if it is placed in service in the specified calendar year or by June 30 

after the end of the specified calendar year. A vehicle is not eligible to receive credits if it is placed in 

service after December 31, five calendar years after the model year. For example, if a vehicle is 

produced in 2012, but does not get placed until January 1, 2018, the vehicle would no longer be eligible 

for ZEV credits. 

* * * * * 

 (E) Counting Specified ZEVs Placed in a Section 177 State and 

in California. 

1. Provisions for 2009 Model Year. 

 a. Manufacturers with a ZEV requirement producing Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from ZEVs, 

excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, that are either certified to the California ZEV 

standards or approved as part of an advanced technology demonstration program and 

are placed in service in a Section 177 state, may be counted towards compliance with 

the California percentage ZEV requirements in sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b), including 

the requirements in sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b)(2)(B), as if they were delivered for sale 

and placed in service in California. 

b. Manufacturers with a ZEV requirement producing Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from ZEVs, 

excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, that are either certified to the California ZEV 

standards or approved as part of an advanced technology demonstration program and 

are placed in service in California may be counted towards compliance with the 

percentage ZEV requirements of anyall Section 177 states, including requirements 

based on sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b)(2)(B). 

2. Provisions for 2010 through 2017 Model Years. 

Manufacturers with a ZEV requirement producing Specified model year Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from ZEVs, 

including Type I.5x and Type IIx vehicles, and excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, that 

are either certified to the California ZEV standards applicable for the ZEV’s model year 

or approved as part of an advanced technology demonstration program and are placed 

in service in California or in a Section 177 state may be counted towards compliance in 

California and in all Section 177 states, with the percentage ZEV requirements in 

sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b), provided that the credits are multiplied by the ratio of an 
A-8 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

LVM’s manufacturer’s applicable production volume for a model year, as specified in 

sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b)(1)(B), in the state receiving credit to the 

LVM’smanufacturer’s applicable production volume (hereafter, “proportional value”), as 

specified in section 1962.1(b)(1)(B), for the same model year in California. Credits 

generated in a Section 177 state will be earned at the proportional value in the Section 

177 state, and earned in California at the full value specified in sectionsubdivision 

1962.1(d)(5)(C). However, credits generated by 2010 and 2011 model-year vehicles 

produced, delivered for sale, and placed in service or as part of an advanced 

technology demonstration program in California to meet the any Section 177 state’s 

requirements that implement sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b)(2)(B) are exempt from 

proportional value, with the number of credits exempted from proportional value allowed 

being limited to the number of credits needed to satisfy a manufacturer’s Section 177 

state’s requirements that implement sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b)(2)(B)1.b. The table 

below specifies the qualifying model years for each ZEV type that may be counted 

towards compliance in all Section 177 states. 

 

Vehicle Type Model Years: 

Type I, I.5, or II ZEV 2009 – 20142017 

Type III, IV, or V ZEV 2009 – 2017 

Type I.5x or Type IIx 2012 – 2017 

 

3. Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path. Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers that choose to elect the optional 

section 177 state compliance path must notify the Executive Officer and each section 

177 state in writing no later than September 1, 2014. 

a. Additional 2016 and 2017 Model Year ZEV Requirements. Large 

volume manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers that elect the optional 

section 177 state compliance path must generate additional 2012 through 2017 model 

year ZEV credits, including no more than 50% Type 1.5x and Type IIx vehicle credits 

and excluding all NEV and Type 0 ZEV credits, in each section 177 state equal to the 

following percentages of their sales volume determined under subdivision 

1962.1(b)(1)(B): 

Model 

Years 

Additional Section 177 

State ZEV Requirements 

2016 0.75% 

2017 1.50% 
A-9 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

Subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)2. shall not apply to any ZEV credits used to meet a 

manufacturer’s additional 2016 and 2017 model year ZEV requirements under this 

subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.a. ZEVs produced to meet a manufacturer’s additional 

2016 and 2017 model year ZEV requirements under this subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.a. 

must be placed in service in the section 177 states no later than June 30, 2018. 

i. Trading and Transferring ZEV Credits within the West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers may trade or 

transfer specified model year ZEV credits, used to meet the same 

model year requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c, within 

the West Region pool, and will incur no premium on their credit 

values. For example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 model 

year shortfall of 100 credits in State X, the manufacturer may 

transfer 100 (2016 model year) ZEV credits from State Y, within the 

West Region pool. Manufacturers may trade or transfer specific 

model year ZEV credits, used to meet the same model year 

requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c., within the East 

Region pool, and will incur no premium on their credit values. For 

example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 model year 

shortfall of 100 credits in State W, the manufacturer may transfer 

100 (2016 model year) ZEV credits from State Z, within the East 

Region pool. 

ii. Trading and Transferring ZEV Credits between the West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers may trade or 

transfer specified model year ZEV credits used to meet the same 

model year requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c. 

between the West Region pool and the East Region pool; however, 

any credits traded or transferred will incur a premium of 30% of 

their value. For example, in order for a manufacturer to make up a 

2016 model year shortfall of 100 credits in the West Region Pool, 

the manufacturer may transfer 130 (2016 model year) ZEV credits 

from the East Region Pool. No credits may be traded or 

transferred to the East Region pool or West Region pool from a 

manufacturer’s California ZEV bank, or from the East Region pool 

or West Region pool to a manufacturer’s California ZEV bank. 

 b. Reduced TZEV Percentages. Large volume manufacturers and 

intermediate volume manufacturers that elect the optional section 177 state compliance 

path and that fully comply with the additional 2016 and 2017 model year ZEV 

requirements in this subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.a. are allowed to meet TZEV 

percentages reduced from the allowed TZEV percentages in subdivision 

1962.1(b)(2)(D)2. and 3. in 2015 through 2017 model year in each section 177 state as 

enumerated below: 

 
A-10 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

Model Year 2015 2016 2017 

Existing TZEV Percentage 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path for TZEVs 75.00% 80.00% 85.00% 

New Section 177 State Optional 

Compliance Path TZEV Percentage 2.25% 2.40% 2.55% 

Manufacturers may meet the reduced TZEV percentages above with credits from ZEVs 

or credits from TZEVs. These reduced TZEV percentages also reduce the total ZEV 

percent requirement, as illustrated in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c. 

i. Trading and Transferring TZEV Credits within the West 

Region Pool and the East Region Pool. Manufacturers may 

trade or transfer specified TZEV credits used to meet the same 

model year subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c. requirements within the 

West Region pool, and will incur no premium on their credit values. 

For example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 shortfall of 100 

credits in State X, the manufacturer may transfer 100 (2016 model 

year) TZEV credits from State Y, within the West Region pool. 

Manufacturers may trade or transfer TZEV credits to meet the 

same model year subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c. within the East 

Region pool, and will incur no premium on their credit values. For 

example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 model year 

shortfall of 100 credits in State W, the manufacturer may transfer 

100 (2016 model year) TZEV credits from State Z, within the East 

Region pool. 

ii. Trading and Transferring TZEV Credits between the West 

Region Pool and the East Region Pool. Manufacturers may 

trade or transfer specified TZEV credits used to meet the same 

model year percentages in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c. between 

the West Region pool and the East Region pool; however, any 

credits traded or transferred will incur a premium of 30% of their 

value. For example, in order for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 

model year shortfall of 100 credits in the West Region Pool, the 

manufacturer may transfer 130 (2016 model year) TZEV credits 

from the East Region Pool. No credits may be traded or 

transferred to the East Region pool or West Region pool from a 

manufacturer’s California ZEV bank, or from the East Region pool 

or West Region pool to a manufacturer’s California ZEV bank. 
A-11 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

c. Total Requirement Percentages. Requirements for the minimum ZEV 

floor, and allowed percentages for AT PZEVs and PZEVs in subdivision 1962.1(b) 

remain in effect for large and intermediate volume manufacturers choosing the optional 

section 177 state compliance path in each section 177 state. However, the optional 

section 177 compliance path requires manufacturers to meet additional ZEV 

requirements and allows manufacturers to meet reduced TZEV percentages as 

described above in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.a. and b. The table below enumerates 

the total annual percentage obligation in each section 177 state for the 2015 through 

2017 model years if the manufacturer elects the optional section 177 state compliance 

path and produces the minimum number of credits required to meet its minimum ZEV 

floor and the maximum percentage allowed to be met with credits from TZEVs, AT 

PZEVs and PZEVs.

Years Total ZEV 

Percent 

Requirement 

for Optional 

Compliance 

Path 

Minimum 

ZEV Floor 

for Optional 

Compliance 

Path 

TZEVs for 

Optional 

Compliance 

Path 

AT PZEVs 

(no change) 

PZEVs 

(no change) 

2015 13.25% 3.00% 2.25% 2.00% 6.00% 

2016 14.15% 3.75% 2.40% 2.00% 6.00% 

2017 15.05% 4.50% 2.55% 2.00% 6.00% 

d. Reporting Requirements. On an annual basis, by May 1st of the 

calendar year following the close of a model year, each manufacturer that elects the 

optional section 177 state compliance path shall submit, in writing, to the Executive 

Officer and each section 177 state a report, including an itemized list, that demonstrates 

the manufacturer has met the requirements of this subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. in each 

section 177 state as well as in the East Region pool and in the West Region pool. The 

itemized list shall include the following: 

i. The manufacturer’s total applicable volume of PCs and LDTs 

delivered for sale in each section 177 state within the pool, as 

determined under subdivision 1962.1(b)(1)(B). 

ii. Make, model, vehicle identification number, credit earned, and 

section 177 state where delivery for sale and placement in service 

for ZEV occurred to meet the manufacturer’s additional ZEV 

obligation under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.a. 

iii. Make, model, vehicle identification number, credit earned, and 

section 177 state where delivery for sale of each TZEV occurred 

and section 177 state where delivery for sale and placement in 
A-12 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

service of each ZEV occurred to meet manufacturer’s requirements 

under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.c. 

 

e. Failure to Meet Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path 

Requirements. A manufacturer that elects the optional section 177 state compliance 

path and does not meet the requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.a. by June 30, 

2018 in all section 177 states within an applicable pool shall be treated as subject to the 

total ZEV percentage requirements in section 1962.1(b) for the 2015 through 2017 

model years in each section 177 state and the pooling provisions in subdivision 

1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.a. shall not apply. Any transfers of ZEV credits between section 177 

states will be null and void, and ZEV credits will return to the section 177 state in which 

the credits were earned. A manufacturer that elects the optional section 177 state 

compliance path and does not meet the percentages in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.b. 

in a model year or make up their deficit within the specified time and with the specified 

credits allowed by subdivision 1962.1(g)(7)(A) in all section 177 states within an 

applicable pool shall be treated as subject to the total ZEV percentage requirements in 

section 1962.1(b) for the 2015 through 2017 model years and the pooling provisions in 

subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.b. shall not apply. Any transfers of TZEV credits between 

section 177 states will be null and void if a manufacturer fails to comply, and TZEV 

credits will return to the section 177 state in which the credits were earned. Penalties 

shall be calculated separately by each section 177 state where a manufacturer fails to 

make up the ZEV deficits by the end of the 2018 model year. 

 f. The provisions in section 1962.1 shall apply to a manufacturer 

electing the optional section 177 state compliance path, except as specifically modified 

by this subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. 

* * * * * 

 (g) Generation and Use of ZEV Credits; Calculation of Penalties 

* * * * * 

(2) ZEV Credit Calculations.

(A) Credits from ZEVs. For model years 2009 through 2014, Tthe 

amount of g/mi ZEV credits earned by a manufacturer in a given model year from ZEVs 

shall be expressed in units of g/mi NMOG, and shall be equal to the number of credits 

from ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California that the manufacturer applies 

towards meeting the ZEV requirements for the model year subtracted from the number 

of ZEV credits produced and delivered for sale in California by the manufacturer in the 

model year or model years and then multiplied by the NMOG fleet average requirement 

for PCs and LDT1s, or LDT2s as applicable, for 2009 through 2011 model years, and 

for PCs and LDT1s for 2012 through 2014 that model years. 
A-13 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

For model years 2015 through 2017, the amount of credits earned by a 

manufacturer in a given model year from ZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, 

and shall be equal to the number of credits from ZEVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV requirements, or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3., for the model 

year subtracted from the number of ZEV credits produced and delivered for sale in 

California by the manufacturer in the model year or model years. 

(B) Credits from PZEVs. For model years 2009 through 2014, Tthe 

amount of g/mi ZEV credits from PZEVs earned by a manufacturer in a given model 

year shall be expressed in units of g/mi NMOG, and shall be equal to the total number 

of PZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California that the manufacturer applies 

towards meeting its ZEV requirement for the model year subtracted from the total 

number of PZEV allowances from PZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California 

by the manufacturer in the model year or model years and then multiplied by the NMOG 

fleet average requirement for PCs and LDT1s, or LDT2s as applicable, for 2009 through 

2011 model years, and for PCs and LDT1s for 2012 through 2014 that model years. 

For model years 2015 through 2017, the amount of credits earned by a 

manufacturer in a given model year from PZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, 

and shall be equal to the number of credits from PZEVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV requirements, or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3., for the model 

year subtracted from the number of PZEV credits produced and delivered for sale in 

California by the manufacturer in the model year or model years. 

* * * * * 

(5) ZEV Credits for Transportation Systems. 

(A) General. In model years 2009 through 2011, a ZEV placed, for 

two or more years, as part of a transportation system may earn additional ZEV credits, 

which may be used in the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that 

category, except as provided in subdivision (g)(5)(C) below. In model years 201209 and 

subsequent through 2017, a ZEV, Type I.5x and Type IIx vehicles, or TZEV placed, for 

two or more years, as part of a transportation system may earn additional ZEV credits, 

which may be used in the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that 

category, except as provided in subdivision (d)(5)(E)2. and as provided in 

sectionsubdivision (g)(5)(C) below . In model years 2009 through 2011, an Enhanced 

AT PZEV TZEV, AT PZEV or PZEV placed as part of a transportation system may earn 

additional ZEV credits, which may be used in the same manner as other credits earned 

by vehicles of that category, except as provided in sectionsubdivision (g)(5)(C) below. 

A NEV is not eligible to earn credit for transportation systems. To earn such credits, the 

manufacturer must demonstrate to the reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer 
A-14 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

that the vehicle will be used as a p art of a project that uses an innovative transportation 

system as described in sectionsubdivision (g)(5)(B) below. 

* * * * * 

(C) Cap on Use of Transportation System Credits. 

* * * * * 

2. Enhanced AT PZEVsTZEVs. Credits earned or allocated by 

Enhanced AT PZEVsTZEVs pursuant to this sectionsubdivision (g)(5), not including all 

credits earned by the vehicle itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a 

manufacturer’s ZEV obligation in any given model year, or, if applicable, up to one-tenth 

of the total ZEV percentages specified under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3., but may 

only be used in the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that category. 

* * * * * 

(6) Use of ZEV Credits. For model years 2009 through 2014, Aa 

manufacturer may meet the ZEV requirements in any given model year by submitting to 

the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of g/mi ZEV credits, consistent with 

sectionsubdivision 1962.1(b). For model years 2015 through 2017, a manufacturer may 

meet the ZEV requirements in any given model year by submitting to the Executive 

Officer a commensurate amount of ZEV credits, consistent with subdivision 1962.1(b). 

Credits in each of the categories may be used to meet the requirement for that category 

as well as the requirements for lesser credit earning ZEV categories, but shall not be 

used to meet the requirement for a greater credit earning ZEV category. For example, 

credits produced from Enhanced AT PZEVsTZEVs may be used to comply with AT 

PZEV requirements, but not with the portion that must be satisfied with ZEVs. These 

credits may be earned previously by the manufacturer or acquired from another party. 

(A) NEVs. Credits earned from NEVs offered for sale or placed in 

service in model years 2001 through 2005 cannot be used to satisfy more than the 

percentage limits described in the following table:

Model 

Years ZEV Obligation that: 

Percentage limit for NEVs 

allowed to meet each 

Obligation1

: 

2009 – 

2011 Must be met with ZEVs 50% 

2009 

May be met with AT PZEVs but not PZEVs 

75% 

2010 – 50% 
A-15 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

2011 

2009 – 

2011 May be met with PZEVs No Limit 

2012 – 

20142017 

Must be met with ZEVs 0% 

May be met with Enhanced AT 

PZEVsTZEVs and AT PZEVs 50% 

May be met with PZEVs No Limit 

1

 If applicable, obligation in this table means requirements specified under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.. 

Additionally, credits earned from NEVs offered for sale or placed in service in model 

years 2006 through 2017 or later can be used to meet the percentage limits described 

in the following table: 

Model 

Years ZEV Obligation that: 

Percentage Limit for 

NEVs allowed to meet 

each Obligation1

: 

2009 - 

2011 

May be met through compliance with 

Primary Requirements No Limit 

May be met through compliance with 

Alternative Requirements, and must be met 

with ZEVs 

0% 

May be met through compliance Alternative 

Requirements, and may be met with AT 

PZEVs or PZEVs 

No Limit 

2012 – 

20142017 

Must be met with ZEVs 0% 

May be met with Enhanced AT 

PZEVsTZEVs, AT PZEVs, or PZEVs No Limit 

1

 If applicable, obligation in this table means requirements specified under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3.. 

This limitation applies to NEV credits earned by the same manufacturer or earned by 

another manufacturer and acquired. 

* * * * * 

(i) ZEV-Specific Definitions. The following definitions apply to this 

section 1962.1. 

* * * * * 
A-16 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

(5) “Conventional rounding method” means to increase the last digit to be 

retained when the following digit is five or greater. Retain the last digit as is when the 

following digit is four or less. 

(6) “East Region pool” means the combination Section 177 states east of the 

Mississippi River. 

(457)“Electric drive system” means an electric motor and associated power 

electronics which provide acceleration torque to the drive wheels sometime during 

normal vehicle operation. This does not include components that could act as a motor, 

but are configured to act only as a generator or engine starter in a particular vehicle 

application. 

 (568)“Enhanced AT PZEV” means any model year 2009 through 2011 PZEV that 

has an allowance of 1.0 or greater per vehicle without multipliers and makes use of a 

ZEV fuel. Enhanced AT PZEV means Transitional Zero Emission Vehicle. 

(679)“Neighborhood electric vehicle” or “NEV” means a motor vehicle that meets 

the definition of Low-Speed Vehicle either in section 385.5 of the Vehicle Code or in 49 

CFR 571.500 (as it existed on July 1, 2000), and is certified to zero-emission vehicle 

standards. 

 (7810)“Placed in service” means having been sold or leased to an end-user and 

not to a dealer or other distribution chain entity, and having been individually registered 

for on-road use by the California Department of Motor VehiclesDMV. 

 (911) “Proportional value” means the ratio of a manufacturer’s California 

applicable sales volume to the manufacturer’s Section 177 state applicable sales 

volume. In any given model year, the same applicable sale volume calculation method 

must be used to calculate proportional value. 

 (1012) “Range Extended Battery Electric Vehicle” means a vehicle powered 

predominantly by a zero emission energy storage device, able to drive the vehicle for 

more than 75 all-electric miles, and also equipped with a backup APU, which does not 

operate until the energy storage device is fully depleted, and meeting requirements in 

subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(G), 

 (81113)“Regenerative braking” means the partial recovery of the energy normally 

dissipated into friction braking that is returned as electrical current to an energy storage 

device. 

 (91214)“Section 177 state” means a state that is administering the California ZEV 

requirements pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507). 
A-17 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

(1315) “Transitional Zero Emission Vehicle” means a PZEV that has an 

allowance of 1.0 or greater, and makes use of a ZEV fuel. 

(101416) “Type 0, I, I.5, II, III, IV, and V ZEV” all have the meanings set forth in 

section 1962.1(d)(5)(A). 

(17) “West Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states west 

of the Mississippi River. 

 (111518) “ZEV fuel” means a fuel that provides traction energy in on-road 

ZEVs. Examples of current technology ZEV fuels include electricity, hydrogen, and 

compressed air. 

* * * * * 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health and 

Safety Code. Reference: Sections 38562, 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 

43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204, 43205, 43206, and 43205.5, 

Health and Safety Code. 

 
A-18 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

Adopt section 1962.2, title 13, California Code of Regulation (CCR) to read as follows: 

[Note: Set forth below are the 2012 amendments to the California zero emission vehicle 

(ZEV) regulation. This is a newly adopted regulation is shown without underline as 

permitted by California Code of Regulations, title 1, section 8. The 15-Day proposed 

modifications are shown in single underline to indicate additions and single strikeout to 

indicate deletions.] 

§ 1962.2 Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards for 2018 and Subsequent Model 

Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

(a) ZEV Emission Standard. The Executive Officer shall certify new 2018 and 

subsequent model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles as 

ZEVs, vehicles that produce zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or 

precursor pollutant) or greenhouse gas, excluding emissions from air conditioning 

systems, under any possible operational modes or conditions. 

(b) Percentage ZEV Requirements. 

(1) General Percentage ZEV Requirement.

* * * * * 

 (B) Calculating the Number of Vehicles to Which the Percentage 

ZEV Requirement is Applied. For 2018 and subsequent model years, a 

manufacturer’s production volume for the given model year will be based on the threeyear average of the manufacturer’s volume of PCs and LDTs, produced and delivered 

for sale in California in the prior second, third, and fourth model year [for example, 2019 

model year ZEV requirements will be based on California production volume average of 

PCs and LDTs for the 2015 to 2017 model years]. This production averaging is used to 

determine ZEV requirements only, and has no effect on a manufacturer’s size 

determination (eg. three-year average calculation method). In applying the ZEV 

requirement, a PC or LDT, that is produced by one manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer A), 

but is marketed in California by another manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer B) under the 

other manufacturer’s (Manufacturer B) nameplate, shall be treated as having been 

produced by the marketing manufacturer (i.e., Manufacturer B). 

1. [Reserved] 

2. [Reserved] 

3. A manufacturer may apply to the Executive Officer to be permitted to 

base its ZEV obligation on the number of PCs and LDTs, produced by the manufacturer 

and delivered for sale in California that same model year (ie, same model-year 

calculation method) as an alternative to the three-year averaging of prior year 
A-19 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

production described above, for up to two model years, total, between model year 2018 

and model year 2025. For the same model-year calculation method to be allowed, a 

manufacturer’s application to the Executive Officer must show that their volume of PCs 

and LDTs produced and delivered for sale in California has decreased by 40 at least 30 

percent from the previous year due to circumstances that were unforeseeable and 

beyond their control. 

* * * * * 

 

(c) Transitional Zero Emission Vehicles (TZEV). 

* * * * * 

(2) TZEV Requirements. In order for a vehicle to be eligible to receive a ZEV 

allowance, the manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with all of the following 

requirements: 

(A) SULEV Standards. Certify the vehicle to the 150,000-mile 

SULEV 20 or 30 exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 

1961.2(a)(1). Bi-fuel, fuel flexible and dual-fuel vehicles must certify to the applicable 

150,000-mile SULEV 20 or 30 exhaust emission standards when operating on both 

fuels. Manufacturers may certify 2018 and 2019 TZEVs to the 150,000-mile SULEV 

exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 1961(a)(1); 

(B) Evaporative Emissions. Certify the vehicle to the evaporative 

emission standards in subdivision 1976(b)(1)(G). Manufacturers may certify 2018 and 

2019 TZEVs to the evaporative standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 

1976(b)(1)(E); 

* * * * * 

(3) Allowances for TZEVs

(A) Zero Emission Vehicle Miles Traveled TZEV Allowance 

Calculation. A vehicle that meets the requirements of subdivision 1962.2(c)(2) and has 

zero-emission vehicle miles traveled (VMT), as defined by and calculated by the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards And Test Procedures For 2018 And 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles And Hybrid Electric Vehicles, In The 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck And Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes”, incorporated by 

reference, and measured as all electric Rcda equivalent all electric range (EAER) 

capability will generate an allowance according to the following equation: 

 
A-20 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

UDDS Test Cycle Range (Rcda) Allowance 

<10 all electric miles 0.00 

≥10 all electric miles TZEV Credit = [(0.01) * RcdaEAER + 

0.30] 

>80 miles (credit cap) 1.310 

1. Allowance for US06 Capability. TZEVs with US06 all electric 

range capability (RcdaAER) of at least 10 miles shall earn an additional 0.2 allowance. 

US06 test cycle range capability shall be determined in accordance with section EF.8 of 

the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for the 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by 

reference in subdivision 1962.2(h). 

* * * * * 

(d) Qualification for Credits From ZEVs. 

* * * * * 

(5) Credits for 2018 and Subsequent Model Year ZEVs.

(A) ZEV Credit Calculations. Credits from a ZEV delivered for sale 

are based on the ZEV’s UDDS all electric range, determined in accordance with the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for the 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by 

reference, using the following equation: 

ZEV Credit = (0.01) * (UDDS range) + 0.50 

* * * * * 

(E) Counting Specified ZEVs Placed in Service in a Section 177 

State and in California. 

1. Provisions for 2018 through 2025 Model Years. Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from 

hHydrogen fuel cell vehicles that are certified to the California ZEV standards applicable 

for the ZEV’s model year, delivered for sale and placed in service in California or in a 

Section 177 state, may be counted towards compliance in California and in all Section 

177 states with the percentage ZEV requirements in subdivision 1962.2(b). The credits 

earned are multiplied by the ratio of a manufacturer’s applicable production volume for a 

model year, as specified in subdivision 1962.2(b)(1)(B), in the state receiving credit to 
A-21 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

the manufacturer’s applicable production volume as specified in subdivision 

1962.2(b)(1)(B), for the same model year in California (hereafter, “proportional value”). 

Credits generated from ZEV placement in a Section 177 state will be earned at the 

proportional value in the Section 177 state, and earned in California at the full value 

specified in subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(A). 

 

2. Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path. 

a. Reduced ZEV and TZEV Percentages. Large volume manufacturers 

and intermediate volume manufacturers that have fully complied with the optional 

section 177 state compliance path requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. are 

allowed to meet ZEV percentage requirements and optional TZEV percentages reduced 

from the minimum ZEV floor percentages and TZEV percentages in subdivision 

1962.2(b)(2)(E) in each section 177 state equal to the following percentages of their 

sales volume determined under subdivision 1962.2(b)(1)(B): 

ZEVs 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

Existing Minimum ZEV Floor 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path 62.5% 75% 87.5% 100% 

Minimum Section 177 State ZEV 

Requirement 1.25% 3.00% 5.25% 8.00% 

TZEVs 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

Existing TZEV Percentage 2.50% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00% 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path 90.00% 100% 100% 100% 

New Section 177 State TZEV Percentage 2.25% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00% 

Total Percent Requirement 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

New Total Section 177 State Optional 

Requirements 

3.50% 6.00% 8.75% 12.00%

i. Trading and Transferring ZEV and TZEV Credits within 

West Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers that 

have fully complied with the optional section 177 state compliance 

path requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may trade or 

transfer specified model year ZEV and TZEV credits within the 

West Region pool to meet the same model year requirements in 
A-22 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a, and will incur no premium on their 

credit values. For example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2019 

model year shortfall of 100 credits in State X, the manufacturer may 

transfer 100 (2019 model year) ZEV credits from State Y, within the 

West Region pool. Manufacturers that have fully complied with the 

optional section 177 state compliance path requirements in 

subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may trade or transfer specified model 

year ZEV and TZEV credits within the East Region pool to meet the 

same model year requirements in subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a, 

and will incur no premium on their credit values. For example, for a 

manufacturer to make up a 2019 model year shortfall of 100 credits 

in State W, the manufacturer may transfer 100 (2019 model year) 

ZEV credits from State Z, within the East Region pool. 

ii. Trading and Transferring ZEV and TZEV Credits between 

the West Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers 

that have fully complied with the optional section 177 state 

compliance path requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may 

trade or transfer specified model year ZEV and TZEV credits to 

meet the same model year requirements in subdivision 

1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a. between the West Region pool and the East 

Region pool; however, any credits traded will incur a premium of 

30% of their value. For example, in order for a manufacturer to 

make up a 2019 model year shortfall of 100 credits in the West 

Region Pool, the manufacturer may transfer 130 (2019 model year) 

credits from the East Region Pool. No credits may be traded or 

transferred to the East Region pool or West Region pool from a 

manufacturer’s California ZEV bank, or from the East Region pool 

or West Region pool to a manufacturer’s California ZEV bank. 

b. Reporting Requirements. On an annual basis, by May 1st of the 

calendar year following the close of a model year, each manufacturer that elects the 

optional section 177 state compliance path under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3, shall 

submit, in writing, to the Executive Officer and each section 177 state a report, including 

an itemized list, that indicates where vehicles have been placed within the East Region 

pool and within the West Region pool. The itemized list shall include the following:

i. The manufacturer’s total applicable volume of PCs and LDTs 

delivered for sale in each section 177 state within the regional pool, 

as determined under subdivision 1962.2(b)(1)(B). 

ii. Make, model, vehicle identification number, credit earned, and 

section 177 state where delivery for sale of each TZEV and ZEV 

occurred and to meet manufacturer’s requirements under 

subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a. 
A-23 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

c. Failure to Meet Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path 

Requirements. A manufacturer that elects the optional section 177 state compliance 

path under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3, and does not meet the modified percentages 

in subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a. in a model year or make up their deficit within the 

specified time and with the specified credits allowed by subdivision 1962.2(g)(7)(A) in all 

section 177 states of the applicable pool, shall be treated as subject to the total ZEV 

percentage requirements in section 1962.2(b) for the 2018 through 2021 model years in 

each section 177 state, and the pooling provisions in subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a. 

shall not apply. Any transfers of ZEV or TZEV credits between section 177 states will be 

null and void if a manufacturer fails to comply, and ZEV or TZEV credits will return to 

the section 177 state in which the credits were earned. Penalties shall be calculated 

separately by each section 177 state where a manufacturer fails to make up the ZEV 

deficits by the end of the 2018 model year. 

d. The provisions of section 1962.2 shall apply to a manufacturer electing 

the optional section 177 state compliance path, except as specifically modified by this 

subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2. 

* * * * * 

(G) BEVx. A BEVx must meet the following in order to receive credit, 

based on its all electric UDDS Range, through subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(A): 

* * * * * 

 

3. Minimum Zero Emission Range Requirements. BEVxs must have a 

minimum of 8075 miles UDDS all electric range. 

* * * * * 

(g) Generation and Use of Credits; Calculation of Penalties 

* * * * * 

(2) ZEV Credit Calculations.

(A) Credits from ZEVs. The amount of credits earned by a 

manufacturer in a given model year from ZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, 

and shall be equal to the number of credits from ZEVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV requirements, or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a. for the model 

year subtracted from the number of ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California 

by the manufacturer in the model year. 
A-24 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

(B) Credits from TZEVs. The amount of credits earned by a 

manufacturer in a given model year from TZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, 

and shall be equal to the total number of TZEVs produced and delivered for sale in 

California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting its ZEV requirement, or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a. for the model 

year subtracted from the total number of ZEV allowances from TZEVs produced and 

delivered for sale in California by the manufacturer in the model year. 

* * * * * 

(5) ZEV Credits for Transportation Systems. 

* * * * * 

(C) Cap on Use of Transportation System Credits. 

1. ZEVs. Transportation system credits earned or allocated by ZEVs or 

BEVxs pursuant to subdivision 1962.1 (g)(5), not including any credits earned by the 

vehicle itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s ZEV obligation 

in any given model year, and may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s 

ZEV obligation which must be met with ZEVs, as specified in subdivision 

1962.2(b)(2)(E), or, if applicable, requirements specified under subdivision 

1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a.. Manufacturers may not use transportation system credits earned 

by ZEVs to comply with requirements specified in subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(F) 

2. TZEVs. Transportation system credits earned or allocated by TZEVs 

pursuant to subdivision 1962.1(g)(5), not including all credits earned by the vehicle 

itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of the portion of a manufacturer’s ZEV 

obligation that may be met with TZEVs, or, if applicable, the portion of a manufacturer’s 

obligation that may be met with TZEVs specified under subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a. 

in any given model year, but may only be used in the same manner as other credits 

earned by vehicles of that category. Manufacturers may not use transportation system 

credits earned by TZEVs to comply with requirements specified in subdivision 

1962.2(d)(5)(F) 

(6) Use of ZEV Credits. A manufacturer may meet the ZEV requirements 

in a given model year by submitting to the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of 

ZEV credits, consistent with subdivision 1962.2(b). Credits in each of the categories 

may be used to meet the requirement for that category as well as the requirements for 

lesser credit earning ZEV categories, but shall not be used to meet the requirement for 

a greater credit earning ZEV category, except for discounted PZEV and AT PZEV 

credits. For example, credits produced from TZEVs may be used to comply with the 

portion of the requirement that may be met with credits from TZEV, but not with the 

portion that must be satisfied with credits from ZEVs. These credits may be earned 

previously by the manufacturer or acquired from another party. 
A-25 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

(A) Use of Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV Credits and NEV 

Credits. For model years 2018 through 2025, discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits, 

and NEV credits may be used to satisfy up to one-quarter of the portion of a 

manufacturer’s requirement that can be met with credits from TZEVs, or, if applicable, 

the portion of a manufacturer’s obligation that may be met with TZEVs specified under 

subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(E)2.a.. Intermediate volume manufacturers may fulfill their 

entire requirement with discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits, and NEV credits in 

model years 2018 and 2019. These credits may be earned previously by the 

manufacturer or acquired from another party. Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits 

may no longer be used after model year 2025 compliance. 

(B) Use of BEVx Credits. BEVx credits may be used to satisfy up 

to 50% of the portion of a manufacturer’s requirement that must be met with ZEV 

credits. 

(C) GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. 

1. Application. Manufacturers may apply to the Executive Officer, no 

later than May 1, 2018December 31, 2016, to be eligible for this subdivision 

1962.2(g)(6)(C), based on the following qualifications: 

* * * * * 

2. Credit Generation and Calculation. Manufacturers must calculate 

their over compliance with section 1961.3 requirements for model years 2018 through 

2021 based on compliance with the previous model year standard. For example, to 

generate credits for this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) for model year 2018, manufacturers 

would calculate credits based on model year 2017 compliance with section 1961.3. 

* * * * * 

b. Credits earned under section 1961.3(ba)(9) may not be 

included in the calculation of gCO2/mile credits for use in the above 

equation in subdivision a. 

* * * * * 

 3. Use of GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. A manufacturer may use 

no more than the percentage enumerated in the table below to meet either the total ZEV 

requirement nor the portion of their ZEV requirement that must be met with ZEV credits, 

with credits earned under this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C). 

2018 2019 2020 2021 

50% 50% 40% 30% 
A-26 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

Credits earned in any given model year under this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) may only 

be used in the applicable model year and may not be used in any other model year. 

gCO2/mile credits used to calculate GHG-ZEV over compliance credits under this 

provision must also be removed from the manufacturer’s GHG compliance bank, and 

cannot be banked for future compliance toward section 1961.3. 

 4. Reporting Requirements. Annually, manufacturers are required to 

submit calculations of credits for this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) for the model year, any 

remaining credits/debits from previous model years under 1961.3, and projected 

credits/debits for future years through 2021 under section 1961.3 and this subdivision 

1962.2(g)(6)(C). 

 a. If a manufacturer, who has been granted the ability to generate 

credits under this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C), fails to over comply by at least 2.00 

gCO2/mile in any one year, the manufacturer will be subject to the full ZEV requirements 

for the model year and future model years, and will not be able to earn credits for any 

other model year under this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) 

5. If the Executive Officer does not make a determination that a Federal 

greenhouse gas fleet standard is functionally equivalent to subdivision 1961.3, than this 

subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) 1. through 4. is unavailable for use by any manufacturer. 

* * * * * 

(i) ZEV-Specific Definitions. The following definitions apply to this 

section 1962.2. 

* * * * * 

(3) “Conventional rounding method” means to increase the last digit to be 

retained when the following digit is five or greater. Retain the last digit as is when the 

following digit is four or less. 

(34) “Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits” means credits earned under 

section 1962 and 1962.1 by delivery for sale of PZEVs and AT PZEVs, discounted 

according to subdivision 1962.1(g)(2)(F). 

(5) “East Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states east of 

the Mississippi River. 

(46) “Energy storage device” means a storage device able to provide the 

minimum power and energy storage capability to enable engine stop/start capability, 

traction boost, regenerative braking, and (nominal) charge sustaining mode driving 

capability. In the case of TZEVs, a minimum range threshold relative to certified, newvehicle range capability is not specified or required. 
A-27 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

 (57) “Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle” means a ZEV that is fueled primarily by 

hydrogen, but may also have off-vehicle charge capability. 

 

 (68) “Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle” means a TZEV that is 

fueled exclusively by hydrogen. 

 (79) “Majority ownership situations” means when one manufacturer owns 

another manufacturer more than 33.4%, for determination of size under CCR Ssection 

1900. 

 

 (810) “Manufacturer US PC and LDT Sales” means a manufacturer’s total 

passenger car and light duty truck (up to 8,500 pounds loaded vehicle weight) sales 

sold in the United States of America in a given model year.

 

 (911) “Neighborhood electric vehicle” or “NEV” means a motor vehicle that 

meets the definition of Low-Speed Vehicle either in section 385.5 of the Vehicle Code or 

in 49 CFR 571.500 (as it existed on July 1, 2000), and is certified to zero-emission 

vehicle standards. 

 (1012) “Placed in service” means having been sold or leased to an end-user and 

not to a dealer or other distribution chain entity, and having been individually registered 

for on-road use by the California DMV. 

 

 (1113) “Proportional value” means the ratio of a manufacturer’s California 

applicable sales volume to the manufacturer’s Section 177 state applicable sales 

vomevolume. In any given model year, the same applicable sales volume calculation 

method must be used to calculate proportional value. 

 (1214) “Range Extended Battery Electric Vehicle” or “BEVx” means a vehicle 

powered predominantly by a zero emission energy storage device, able to drive the 

vehicle for more than 75 all-electric miles, and also equipped with a backup APU, which 

does not operate until the energy storage device is fully depleted, and meeting 

requirements in subdivision 1962.2(d)(5)(G). 

 (1315) “Section 177 state” means a state that is administering the California ZEV 

requirements pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507). 

(1416) “Transitional zero emission vehicle” or “TZEV” means a vehicle that meet 

the all criteria of subdivision 1962.2(c)(2) and qualifies for an allowance in subdivision 

1962.2(c)(3)(D) or (E). 

(17) “West Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states west of the 

Mississippi River. 

 
A-28 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

(1518) “Zero emission vehicle” or “ZEV” means a vehicle that produces zero 

exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) or greenhouse gas 

under any possible operational modes or conditions. 

 (1619) “Zero emission vehicle fuel” means a fuel that provides traction energy in 

on-road ZEVs. Examples of current technology ZEV fuels include electricity, hydrogen, 

and compressed air. 

(j) Abbreviations. The following abbreviations are used in this section 1962.2: 

* * * * * 

 “EAERu40” means the equivalent all-electric range that a 40 mile Rcda plug-in 

hybrid electric vehicle achieves. 

* * * * * 

 “Rcda” means charge depletion actual range (urban Cycle). 

* * * * * 

 “UF” means utility factor. 

* * * * * 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health and 

Safety Code. Reference: Sections 38562, 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 

43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43204, and 43205.5, Health and 

Safety Code. 

 
A-29 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 23, 2012 

Amend and Renumber section 1962.2, title 13, California Code of Regulation (CCR), to 

read as follows: 

[Note: Set forth below are the 2012 amendments to the electric vehicle charging 

requirements. The text of the amendments is shown in underline to indicate additions 

and strikeout to indicate deletions, compared to the preexisting regulatory language. 

The further proposed amendments subject to comment are shown in double underline 

to indicate additions and double strikeout to show deletions. All other portions remain 

unchanged and are indicated by the symbol “* * * * *” for reference.] 

§ 1962.2.3. Electric Vehicle Charging Requirements 

* * * * * 

(c) Requirements. 

(1) Beginning with the 2006 model year, all vehicles identified in subsection (a) 

must be equipped with a conductive charger inlet port and charging system which 

meets all the specifications applicable to AC Level 1 and Level 2 charging contained in 

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice SAE 

J1772 REV NOV 2001 JAN 2010, SAE Electric Vehicle and Plug in Hybrid Electric 

Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler, which is incorporated herein by reference. All such 

vehicles must also be equipped with an on-board charger with a minimum output of 3.3 

kilovolt amps.kilowatts, or, sufficient power to enable a complete charge in less than 4 

hours. 

 (2) A manufacturer may apply to the Executive Officer for approval to use an 

alternative to the AC inlet described in subsection (c)(1), provided that the following 

conditions are met: 

 (A) each vehicle is supplied with a rigid adaptor that would enable the 

vehicle to meet all of the remaining system and on-board charger requirements 

described in subsection (c)(1); and 

 (B) the rigid adaptor and alternative inlet must be tested and approved 

by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health and Safety 

Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 

43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43204 and 43205.5, Health and Safety Code. Authority 

cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health and Safety Code. 

Reference: Sections 38562, 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43100, 

43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43204 and 43205.5, Health and Safety Code. 
B-1 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

Attachment B 

 California Environmental Protection Agency 

 AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFICATIONS 

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 

2009 THROUGH 2017 MODEL ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND HYBRID 

ELECTRIC VEHICLES, IN THE PASSENGER CAR, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES 

 Adopted: December 17, 2008 

 Amended: December 2, 2009 

 Amended: [insert date] 

[Note: This document shows the originally proposed changes to the preexisting 

language text in underline to indicate additions and strikeout to indicate deletions. 

Modifications to the original proposal are shown in double underline to indicate additions 

and double strikeout to indicate deletions. Existing intervening text that is not proposed 

to be amended is indicated by “* * * *”.] 

 
B-2 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

This Page Intentionally Left Blank 

 
B-3 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures For 2009 Through 

2017and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 

in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck And Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes

(incorporated by reference in section 1962.1) 

* * * * * 

B. Definitions and Terminology.

1. Definitions.

* * * * * 

“Conventional rounding method” means to increase the last digit to be retained 

when the following digit is five or greater. Retain the last digit as is when the following 

digit is four or less. 

“East Region pool” means the combination Section 177 states east of the 

Mississippi River. 

* * * * * 

“West Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states west of the 

Mississippi River. 

* * * * * 

C. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards.

* * * * * 

2. Percentage ZEV Requirements 

2.1 General Percentage ZEV Requirement. 

* * * * * 

(2) For 2012 and subsequentthrough 2017 model years, a manufacturer’s 

production volume for the given model year will be based on the three-year average of 

the manufacturer’s volume of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s, as applicable, produced and 

delivered for sale in California in the prior fourth, fifth and sixth model year (for example, 

2013 model year ZEV requirements will be based on California production volume of 

PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s as applicable, for the 2007 to 2009 model years, and 2014 
B-4 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

model year ZEV requirements will be based on California production volume of PCs and 

LDTs, for the 2008 to 2010 model years). This production averaging is used to 

determine ZEV requirements only, and has no effect on a manufacturer’s size 

determination. As an alternative to the three-year averaging of prior year production 

described above, a manufacturer may elect to base its ZEV obligation on the number of 

PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s, as applicable, produced by the manufacturer and 

delivered for sale in California that same model year. For 2012 and subsequent model 

years, a A manufacturer may, on an annual basis, select either the three-year average 

or the same model-year calculation method. In applying the ZEV requirement, a PC, 

LDT1, or LDT2 as applicable, that is produced by one manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer 

A), but is marketed in California by another manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer B) under 

the other manufacturer’s (Manufacturer B) nameplate, shall be treated as having been 

produced by the marketing manufacturer (Manufacturer B). 

* * * * * 

2.7 Changes in Small Volume, Independent Low Volume, and 

Intermediate Volume Manufacturer Status. 

(a) Increases in California Production Volume. In 2009 and subsequent through 

2017 model years, if a small volume manufacturer’s average California production 

volume exceeds 4,500 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average 

number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive 

model years, or if an independent low volume manufacturer’s average California 

production volume exceeds 10,000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the 

average number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three previous 

consecutive model years, the manufacturer shall no longer be treated as a small 

volume, or independent low volume manufacturer, as applicable, and shall comply with 

the ZEV requirements for intermediate volume manufacturers, as applicable, beginning 

with the sixth model year after the last of the three consecutive model years. 

If an intermediate volume manufacturer’s average California production volume 

exceeds 60,000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average number of 

vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive model years 

(i.e., total production volume exceeds 180,000 vehicles in a three year period), the 

manufacturer shall no longer be treated as an intermediate volume manufacturer and 

shall, beginning with the sixth model year after the last of the three consecutive model 

years, or in model year 2018 (whichever occurs first), comply with all ZEV requirements 

for large volume manufacturers 

Requirements will begin in the fourth model year, or in model year 2018 

(whichever occurs first) rather than the sixth model year when a manufacturer ceases to 

be a small or intermediate independent low volume manufacturer in 2003 or subsequent 

years due to the aggregation requirements in majority ownership situations, except that 

if the majority ownership in the manufacturer was acquired prior to the 2001 model year, 
B-5 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

the manufacturer must comply with the stepped-up ZEV requirements starting in the 

2010 model year. Requirements will begin in the fourth sixth model year, or in model 

year 2018 (whichever occurs first) rather than the sixth model year when a 

manufacturer ceases to be an intermediate volume manufacturer in 2003 or subsequent 

years due to the aggregation requirements in majority ownership situation. 

* * * * * 

3. Partial ZEV Allowance Vehicles (PZEVs). 

* * * * * 

3.2 Baseline PZEV Allowance. In order for a vehicle to be eligible to receive 

a PZEV allowance, the manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with all of the 

following requirements. A qualifying vehicle will receive a baseline PZEV allowance of 

0.2. 

(a) SULEV Standards. For 2009 through 2014 model years, Ccertify the 

vehicle to the 150,000-mile SULEV exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in 

sectionsubdivision 1961(a)(1), title 13, CCR. Bi-fuel, fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles 

must certify to the applicable 150,000-mile SULEV exhaust emission standards when 

operating on both fuels. For 2015 through 2017 model years, certify the vehicle to the 

150,000-mile SULEV 20 or 30 exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in 

subdivision 1961.2(a)(1). Bi-fuel, fuel flexible and dual-fuel vehicles must certify to the 

applicable 150,000-mile SULEV 20 or 30 exhaust emission standards when operating 

on both fuels; 

(b) Evaporative Emissions. For 2009 through 2014 model years, Ccertify the 

vehicle to the evaporative emission standards in sectionsubdivision 1976(b)(1)(E), title 

13, CCR(zero-fuel evaporative emissions standards). For 20154 through 2017 model 

years, certify the vehicle to the evaporative emission standards in subdivision 

1976(b)(1)(G) or subdivision 1976(b)(1)(E); 

* * * * * 

 

3.3 Zero-Emission VMT PZEV Allowance.

(a) Calculation of Zero Emission VMT Allowance. A vehicle that meets the 

requirements of sectionsubdivision C.3.2 and has zero-emission vehicle miles traveled 

(“VMT”) capability will generate an additional zero emission VMT PZEV allowance, 

calculated as follows: 
B-6 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

 

Range

Zero-emission VMT Allowance 

EAERu < 10 miles 0.0 

EAERu ≥10 miles to 40 miles 

and 

Rcda = 10 miles to 40 miles 

EAERu x (1 – UFRcda)/11.028 

Rcda EAERu > 40 miles 

EAERu40/ 29.63 

(EAERu40) x [1 – 

(UF40*Rcda/EAERu)]/ 

11.028 

Where, 

UF40= utility factor at 40 miles 

EAERu40= 40 miles 

A vehicle cannot generate more than 1.39 zero-emission VMT PZEV 

allowance. 

The urban equivalent all-electric range (EAERu) and charge depleting actual range 

(urban cycle) (Rcda) shall be determined in accordance with sections F.11 G.5.4 and 

F.5.4G.11.9, respectively, of these test procedures. The utility Factor (UF) based on the 

charge depleting actual range (urban cycle) (Rcda) shall be determined according to 

Section 4.5.2 Equation 56 and the “Fleet UF” Utility Factor Equation Coefficients in 

Section 4.5.2, Table 3 of SAE J2841 March 2009. 

(b) Alternative Procedures. As an alternative to determining the zero-emission VMT 

allowance in accordance with the preceding section C.3.3(a), a manufacturer 

may submit for Executive Officer approval an alternative procedure for 

determining the zero-emission VMT potential of the vehicle as a percent of total 

VMT, along with an engineering evaluation that adequately substantiates the 

zero-emission VMT determination. For example, an alternative procedure may 

provide that a vehicle with zero-emissions of one regulated pollutant (e.g., NOx) 

and not another (e.g., NMOG) will qualify for a zero-emission VMT allowance of 

1.5. 

* * * * * 

4. Qualification for ZEV Multipliers and Credits. 

* * * * * 
B-7 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

(c) ZEV Credits for 2009 and Subsequent through 2017 Model-Year ZEVs. A 

2009 and subsequentthrough 2017 model-year ZEV, other than a NEV or Type 0, earns 

1 ZEV credit when it is produced and delivered for sale in California. A 2009 and 

subsequentthrough 2017 model-year ZEV earns additional credits based on the earliest 

year in which the ZEV is placed in service (not earlier than the ZEV’s model year). The 

vehicle must be delivered for sale and placed in service in the same state (i.e 

California)a Section 177 state or in California in order to earn the total credit amount. 

The total credit amount will be earned in the state (i.e. California or a Section 177 state) 

in which the vehicle was delivered for sale. The following table identifies the total 

credits that a ZEV in each of the eight ZEV tiers will earn, including the credit not 

contingent on placement in service, if it is placed in service in the specified calendar 

year or by June 30 after the end of the specified calendar year. A vehicle is not eligible 

to receive credits if it is placed in service after December 31, five calendar years after 

the model year. For example, if a vehicle is produced in 2012, but does not get placed 

until January 1, 2018, the vehicle would no longer be eligible for ZEV credits. 

* * * * * 

 (e) Counting Specified ZEVs Placed in a Section 177 State and in California. 

(1) Provisions for 2009 Model Year. 

 (A) Manufacturers with a ZEV requirement producing Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from ZEVs, 

excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, that are either certified to the California ZEV 

standards or approved as part of an advanced technology demonstration program and 

are placed in service in a section 177 state, may be counted towards compliance with 

the California percentage ZEV requirements in sectionsubdivision C.2, including the 

requirements in sectionsubdivision C.2.2(b), as if they were delivered for sale and 

placed in service in California. 

 

(B) Manufacturers with a ZEV requirement producing Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from ZEVs, 

excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, that are either certified to the California ZEV 

standards or approved as part of an advanced technology demonstration program and 

are placed in service in California may be counted towards compliance with the 

percentage ZEV requirements of anyall section 177 state, including requirements based 

on sectionsubdivision C.2.2(B). 

(2) Provisions for 2010 and Subsequent Model Years. Manufacturers with a 

ZEV requirement producing Specified model year Large volume manufacturers and 

intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from ZEVs, including Type I.5x 

and Type IIx vehicles, and excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs,, that are either certified to 

the California ZEV standards applicable for the ZEV’s model year or approved as part of 

an advanced technology demonstration program and are placed in service in California 
B-8 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

or in a section 177 state may be counted towards compliance in California and in all 

section 177 states, with the percentage ZEV requirements in sectionsubdivision C.2, 

provided that the credits are multiplied by the ratio of an LVM’smanufacturer’s 

applicable production volume for a model year, as specified in sectionsubdivision 

C.2.1(b) in the state receiving credit to the LVM’smanufacturer’s applicable production 

volume (hereafter, “proportional value”), as specified in sectionsubdivision C.2.1(b) for 

the same model year in California. Credits generated in a section 177 state will be 

earned at the proportional value in the section 177 state, and earned in California at the 

full value specified in sectionsubdivision C.4.5(d) However, credits generated by 2010 

and 2011 model-year vehicles produced, delivered for sale, and placed in service, or as 

part of an advanced technology demonstration program in California to meet the any 

section 177 state’s requirements that implement sectionsubdivision C.2.2(b) 

requirements are exempt from proportional value, with the maximum number of credits 

allowed to be counted towards compliance in a section 177 state being limited to the 

number of credits needed to satisfy a manufacturer’s section 177 state’s requirements 

to implement sectionsubdivision C.2.2(b)(1)(B). The table below specifies the qualifying 

model years for each ZEV type that may be counted towards compliance in all section 

177 states. 

 

Vehicle Type Model Years: 

Type I, I.5, or II ZEV 2009 – 20142017 

Type III, IV, or V ZEV 2009 – 2017 

Type I.5x or Type IIx 2012 – 2017 

 

 (3) Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path. Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers that choose to elect the optional 

section 177 state compliance path must notify the Executive Officer and each section 

177 state in writing no later than September 1, 2014. 

(A) Additional 2016 and 2017 Model Year ZEV Requirements. Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers that elect the optional section 

177 state compliance path must generate additional 2012 through 2017 model year 

ZEV credits, including no more than 50% Type 1.5x and Type IIx vehicle credits and 

excluding all NEV and Type 0 ZEV credits, in each section 177 state equal to the 

following percentages of their sales volume determined under subdivision 

C.4.5(e)(3)(A)1.: 

Model 

Years 

Additional Section 177 

State ZEV Requirements 

2016 0.75% 

2017 1.50% 

Subdivision C.4.5(e)(2) shall not apply to any ZEV credits used to meet a 

manufacturer’s additional 2016 and 2017 model year ZEV requirements under this 
B-9 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(A). ZEVs produced to meet a manufacturer’s additional 2016 

and 2017 model year ZEV requirements under this subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(A) must be 

placed in service in the section 177 states no later than June 30, 2018. 

1. Trading and Transferring ZEV Credits within the West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers may trade or 

transfer specified model year ZEV credits used to meet the same 

model year requirements in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C), within the 

West Region pool, and will incur no premium on their credit values. 

For example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 model year 

shortfall of 100 credits in State X, the manufacturer may transfer 

100 (2016 model year) ZEV credits, from State Y, within the West 

Region pool. Manufacturers may trade or transfer specified model 

year ZEV credits, used to meet the same model year requirements 

in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C), within the East Region pool, and will 

incur no premium on their credit values. For example, for a 

manufacturer to make up a 2016 model year shortfall of 100 credits 

in State W, the manufacturer may transfer 100 (2016 model year) 

ZEV credits from State Z, within the East Region pool. 

2. Trading and Transferring ZEV Credits between the West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers may trade or 

transfer specific model year ZEV credits used to meet the same 

model year requirements in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C) between the 

West Region pool and the East Region pool; however, any credits 

traded or transferred will incur a premium of 30% of their value. For 

example, in order for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 model year 

shortfall of 100 credits in the West Region Pool, the manufacturer 

may transfer 130 (2016 model year) ZEV credits from the East 

Region Pool. No credits may be traded or transferred to the East 

Region pool or West Region pool from a manufacturer’s California 

ZEV bank, or from the East Region pool or West Region pool to a 

manufacturer’s California ZEV bank. 

 (B) Reduced TZEV Percentages. Large volume manufacturers and 

intermediate volume manufacturers that elect the optional section 177 state compliance 

path and that fully comply with the additional 2016 and 2017 model year ZEV 

requirements in this subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(A). are allowed to meet TZEV percentages 

reduced from the allowed TZEV percentages in subdivision C.2.2(d)(2) and (3) in 2015 

through 2017 model year in each section 177 state as enumerated below: 

Model Year 2015 2016 2017 

Existing TZEV Percentage 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 
B-10 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path for TZEVs 75.00% 80.00% 85.00% 

New Section 177 State Optional 

Compliance Path TZEV Percentage 2.25% 2.40% 2.55% 

Manufacturers may meet the reduced TZEV percentages above with credits from ZEVs 

or credits from TZEVs. These reduced TZEV percentages also reduce the total ZEV 

percent requirement, as illustrated in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C). 

1. Trading and Transferring TZEV Credits within the West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers may trade or 

transfer specified TZEV credits to meet the same model year 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C) percentages within the West Region 

pool, and will incur no premium on their credit values. For example, 

for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 shortfall of 100 credits in 

State X, the manufacturer may transfer 100 (2016 model year) 

TZEV credits from State Y, within the West Region pool. 

Manufacturers may trade or transfer TZEV credits to meet the 

same model year subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C) within the East Region 

pool, and will incur no premium on their credit values. For example, 

for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 model year shortfall of 100 

credits in State W, the manufacturer may transfer 100 (2016 model 

year) TZEV credits from State Z, within the East Region pool. 

2. Trading and Transferring TZEV Credit between the West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers may trade or 

transfer specified TZEV credits used to meet the same model year 

percentages in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C) between the West 

Region pool and the East Region pool; however, any credits 

transferred will incur a premium of 30% of their value. For 

example, in order for a manufacturer to make up a 2016 model year 

shortfall of 100 credits in the West Region Pool, the manufacturer 

may transfer 130 (2016 model year) TZEV credits from the East 

Region Pool. No credits may be traded or transferred to the East 

Region pool or West Region pool from a manufacturer’s California 

ZEV bank, or from the East Region pool or West Region pool to a 

manufacturer’s California ZEV bank. 

(C) Total Requirement Percentages. Requirements for the minimum ZEV 

floor, and allowed percentages for AT PZEVs and PZEVs in subdivision C.2 remain in 

effect for large and intermediate volume manufacturers choosing the optional section 

177 state compliance path in each section 177 state. However, the optional section 177 

compliance path requires manufacturers to meet additional ZEV requirements and 

allows manufacturers to meet reduced TZEV percentages as described above in 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(A) and (B). The table below enumerates the total annual 
B-11 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

percentage obligation in each section 177 state for the 2015 through 2017 model years 

if the manufacturer elects the optional section 177 state compliance path and produces 

the minimum number of credits required to meet its minimum ZEV floor and the 

maximum percentage allowed to be met with credits from TZEVs, AT PZEVs and 

PZEVs.

Years Total ZEV 

Percent 

Requirement 

for Optional 

Compliance 

Path 

Minimum 

ZEV Floor 

for Optional 

Compliance 

Path 

TZEVs for 

Optional 

Compliance 

Path 

AT PZEVs 

(no change) 

PZEVs 

(no change) 

2015 13.25% 3.00% 2.25% 2.00% 6.00% 

2016 14.15% 3.75% 2.40% 2.00% 6.00% 

2017 15.05% 4.50% 2.55% 2.00% 6.00% 

d. Reporting Requirements. On an annual basis, by May 1st of the 

calendar year following the close of a model year, each manufacturer that elects the 

optional section 177 state compliance path shall submit, in writing, to the Executive 

Officer and each section 177 state a report, including an itemized list, that demonstrates 

the manufacturer has met the requirements of this subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C) in each 

section 177 state as well as in the East Region pool and in the West Region pool. The 

itemized list shall include the following: 

i. The manufacturer’s total applicable volume of PCs and LDTs 

delivered for sale in each section 177 state within the pool, as 

determined under subdivision C.2.1(b). 

ii. Make, model, vehicle identification number, credit earned, 

and section 177 state where delivery for sale and placement in 

service for ZEV occurred to meet the manufacturer’s additional ZEV 

obligation under subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(A) 

iii. Make, model, vehicle identification number, credit earned, 

and section 177 state where delivery for sale of each TZEV 

occurred and section 177 state where delivery for sale and 

placement in service of each ZEV occurred to meet manufacturer’s 

requirements under subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(C) 

 

e. Failure to Meet Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path 

Requirements. A manufacturer that elects the optional section 177 state compliance 

path and does not meet the requirements in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(A) by June 30, 2018 

in all section 177 states within an applicable pool shall be treated as subject to the total 
B-12 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

ZEV percentage requirements in section C.2 for the 2015 through 2017 model years in 

each section 177 state and the pooling provisions in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(A) shall not 

apply. Any transfers of ZEV credits between section 177 states will be null and void, and 

ZEV credits will return to the section 177 state in which the credits were earned. A 

manufacturer that elects the optional section 177 state compliance path and does not 

meet the percentages in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(B) in a model year or make up their 

deficit within the specified time and with the specified credits allowed by subdivision 

C.7.7(a) in all section 177 states within an applicable pool shall be treated as subject to 

the ZEV percentage requirements in section C.2 for the 2015 through 2017 model years 

and the pooling provisions in subdivision C.4.5(e)(3)(B) shall not apply. Any transfers of 

TZEV credits between section 177 states will be null and void if a manufacturer fails to 

comply, and TZEV credits will return to the section 177 state in which the credits were 

earned. Penalties shall be calculated separately by each section 177 state where a 

manufacturer fails to make up the ZEV deficits by the end of the 2018 model year. 

 f. The provisions in section C shall apply to a manufacturer electing the 

optional section 177 state compliance path, except as specifically modified by this 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(3). 

* * * * * 

7. Generation and Use of ZEV Credits; Calculation of Penalties

* * * * * 

7.2 ZEV Credit Calculations. 

(a) Credits from ZEVs. For model years 2009 through 2014, Tthe amount of 

g/mi ZEV credits earned by a manufacturer in a given model year from ZEVs shall be 

expressed in units of g/mi NMOG, and shall be equal to the number of credits from 

ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California that the manufacturer applies 

towards meeting the ZEV requirements for the model year subtracted from the number 

of ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California by the manufacturer in the model 

year and then multiplied by the NMOG fleet average requirement for PCs and LDT1s, or 

LDT2s as applicable, for 2009 through 2011 model years , and for PCs and LDT1s for 

2012 through 2014 that model years. 

For model years 2015 through 2017, the amount of credits earned by a 

manufacturer in a given model year from ZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, 

and shall be equal to the number of credits from ZEVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV requirements, or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(3) for the model year 

subtracted from the number of ZEV credits produced and delivered for sale in California 

by the manufacturer in the model year or model years. 
B-13 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

(b) Credits from PZEVs. For model years 2009 through 2014, Tthe amount of 

g/mi ZEV credits from PZEVs earned by a manufacturer in a given model year shall be 

expressed in units of g/mi NMOG, and shall be equal to the total number of PZEVs 

produced and delivered for sale in California that the manufacturer applies towards 

meeting its ZEV requirement for the model year subtracted from the total number of 

PZEV allowances from PZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California by the 

manufacturer in the model year and then multiplied by the NMOG fleet average 

requirement for PCs and LDT1s, or LDT2s as applicable, for 2009 through 2011 model 

years , and for PCs and LDT1s for 2012 through 2014 that model years. 

For model years 2015 through 2017, the amount of credits earned by a 

manufacturer in a given model year from PZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, 

and shall be equal to the number of credits from PZEVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV requirements, or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(3), for the model year 

subtracted from the number of PZEV credits produced and delivered for sale in 

California by the manufacturer in the model year or model years. 

* * * * * 

7.5 ZEV Credits for Transportation Systems. 

(a) General. In model years 2009 through 2011, a ZEV placed, for two or 

more years, as part of a transportation system may earn additional ZEV credits, which 

may be used in the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that category, 

except as provided in subdivision C.7.5(c) below. In model years 201209 and 

subsequent through 2017, a ZEV or TZEV placed, for two or more years, as part of a 

transportation system may earn additional ZEV credits, which may be used in the same 

manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that category, except as provided in 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2) and as provided in sectionsubdivision C.7.5(c) below. In model 

years 2009 through 2011, an Enhanced AT PZEV TZEV, AT PZEV or PZEV placed as 

part of a transportation system may earn additional ZEV credits, which may be used in 

the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that category, except as 

provided in sectionsubdivision C.7.5(c) below. A NEV is not eligible to earn credit for 

transportation systems. To earn such credits, the manufacturer must demonstrate to 

the reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer that the vehicle will be used as a 

part of a project that uses an innovative transportation system as described in 

sectionsubdivision C.7.5(b) below. 

* * * * * 

 (c) Cap on Use of Credits. 

* * * * * 

(2) Enhanced AT PZEVsTZEVs. Credits earned or allocated by Enhanced 

AT PZEVsTZEVs pursuant to this sectionsubdivision C.7.5, not including all credits 
B-14 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

earned by the vehicle itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s 

ZEV obligation in any given model year, or, if applicable, requirements specified under 

subdivision 4.5(e)(3), but may only be used in the same manner as other credits earned 

by vehicles of that category. 

* * * * * 

7.6 Use of ZEV Credits. For model years 2009 through 2014, Aa 

manufacturer may meet the ZEV requirements in any given model year by submitting to 

the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of g/mi ZEV credits, consistent with 

sectionsubdivision C.2. For model years 2015 through 2017, a manufacturer may meet 

the ZEV requirements in any given model year by submitting to the Executive Officer a 

commensurate amount of ZEV credits, consistent with subdivision C.2. Credits in each 

of the categories may be used to meet the requirement for that category as well as the 

requirements for lesser credit earning ZEV categories, but shall not be used to meet the 

requirement for a greater credit earning ZEV category. For example, credits produced 

from Enhanced AT PZEVsTZEVs may be used to comply with AT PZEV requirements, 

but not with the portion that must be satisfied by ZEVs. These credits may be earned 

previously by the manufacturer or acquired from another party. 

(a) NEVs. Credits earned from NEVs offered for sale or placed in service in 

model years 2001 through 2005 cannot be used to satisfy more than the percentage 

limits described in the following table:

Model 

Years ZEV Obligation that: 

Percent limit for NEVs 

allowed to meet each 

Obligation1: 

2009 – 

2011 Must be met with ZEVs 50% 

2009 

May be met with AT PZEVs but not PZEVs 

75% 

2010 – 

2011 50% 

2009 – 

2011 May be met with PZEVs No Limit 

2012 – 

20142017 

Must be met with ZEVs 0% 

May be met with Enhanced AT 

PZEVsTZEVs and AT PZEVs 50% 

May be met with PZEVs No Limit 

1

 If applicable, obligation in this table means requirements specified under subdivision 

4.5(e)(3). 
B-15 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

Additionally, credits earned from NEVs offered for sale or placed in service in model 

years 2006 through 2017 or later can be used to meet the percentage limits described 

in the following table: 

Model 

Years ZEV Obligation that: 

Percent Limit for NEVs 

allowed to meet each 

Obligation1: 

2009 - 

2011 

May be met through compliance with 

Primary Requirements No Limit 

May be met through compliance with 

Alternative Requirements, and must be met 

with ZEVs 

0% 

May be met through compliance Alternative 

Requirements, and may be met with AT 

PZEVs or PZEVs 

No Limit 

2012 –

20142017 

Must be met with ZEVs 0% 

May be met with Enhanced AT 

PZEVsTZEVs, AT PZEVs, or PZEVs No Limit 

1

 If applicable, obligation in this table means requirements specified under subdivision 

4.5(e)(3). 

This limitation applies to credits earned by the same manufacturer or earned by another 

manufacturer and acquired. 

* * * * * 

D. Certification Requirements. 

* * * * * 

3. ZEV Reporting Requirements. In order to verify the status of each 

manufacturer’s compliance with the ZEV requirements for a given calendar year, each 

manufacturer shall submit a report to the Executive Officer at least annually, by May 1 

of the calendar year following the close of the model year, that identifies the necessary 

delivery and placement data of all vehicles generating ZEV credits or allowances, and 

all transfers and acquisitions of ZEV credits. The manufacturer may update the report 

by September 1 to cover activities occurring between April 1 and June 30. If a 

manufacturer updates their annual California production numbers in their ZEV report, 

the annual NMOG production must also be updated. 

* * * * * 

EF. Test Procedures for 2012 through 2017and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission 
B-16 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

Vehicles (including Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles) and All 2012 

through 2017and Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Except Off-Vehicle 

Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

The “as adopted or amended dates” of the 40 CFR Part 86 regulations 

referenced by this document are the dates identified in the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” Unless otherwise noted, these 

requirements shall apply to all ZEVs (including fuel cell vehicles and hybrid fuel cell 

vehicles) and all HEVs, except off-vehicle charge capable HEVs. A manufacturer may 

elect to certify a 2009, 2010, or 2011 model-year zero-emission vehicle or hybrid 

electric vehicle, except an off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle, using this 

section EF. 

FG. Test Procedures for 2012 through 2017 and Subsequent Model Off-Vehicle 

Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

* * * * * 

12. The Calculations of the Combined Green House Gas Regulatory Rating of 

Off-vehicle Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles 

12.1 The combined Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions value is determined by 

the following equation. 

GHGPHEV, combined = 0.55 * (GHGurban) + 0.45 * (GHGhighway) (Eq. 1) 

12.2 The urban GHG emissions value for off-vehicle charge capable hybrid 

electric vehicles is calculated using the following equations. 

12.2.1 The urban GHG emissions value is determined by the following 

equation. 

     

      urban urban Nurban

i

upstream i cs urban

N

i

i

N

i

cd AC i

i

CD i

urban i GHG UF G UF Y

D

Y

GHG UF 1

.

1 1

. .

. ( ) *( ) ( ) (1 ( ))*( )

 

(Eq. 2) 

Where, 

GHGurban = Rated urban GHG emissions for PHEV, in gCO2e/mile

i = Number of charge-depleting urban test cycle 

Nurban = Total number of urban test cycles in charge depleting to charge 

sustaining range (Rcdtcs)

UFi = Utility factor for urban test cycle i 

YCD.i = Mass emissions of CO2 in grams per vehicle mile, for the “i”th test 

in the charge depleting test 
B-17 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

D.i = Distance of the “i”th urban test cycle, in miles. 

GHGcd.AC.i = Rated GHG emissions for test cycle i, in gCO2e/mile 

Ycs.urban = Weighted mass emissions of CO2 in grams/mi of the charge 

sustaining test.

Gupstream = Gasoline upstream factor = 0.25 * GHGtarget. 

12.2.2 The Charge Depleting to Charge Sustaining Range (Rcdtcs) is the 

total number of cycles driven at least partially in charge depleting mode times the 

cycle distance. Cycles meets charge sustaining criterion are not included in the 

Rcdtcs. The Rcdtcs includes the transitional cycle, where the vehicle may have 

operated in both depleting and sustaining modes. 

12.2.3 The utility factors for urban and highway cycles are provided in the 

following table. 

Utility factors for each PHEV drive cycle test with charge-depletion 

operation 

Test cycle 

number 

Test cycle utility factor 

Urban, UFi Highway, UFj

1 0.176 0.233 

2 0.141 0.172 

3 0.112 0.127 

4 0.091 0.095 

5 0.074 0.071 

6 0.059 0.054 

7 0.049 0.041 

8 0.039 0.032 

9 0.033 0.025 

10 0.027 0.020 

11 0.023 0.017 

12 0.019 0.013 

12.2.4 This charge-depleting GHG rate from electricity use in each test 

cycle is defined by the following equation:

GHGcd.AC.i = GHGgrid * Ecd.AC.i (Eq. 3) 

Where, 

GHGcd.AC.i = Rated GHG emissions for charge-depleting PHEV, in

gCO2e/mile

Ecd.AC.i = Urban or highway charge depleting electricity use, in kWh/mile 

GHGgrid = Lifecycle California electricity GHG intensity, 270 gCO2e/kWh 
B-18 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

12.2.5 The urban or highway charge depleting electricity use is defined by 

the following formula: 

N cd AC total

i

cd DC i

cd DC i

cd AC i E

E

E E . .

1

. .

. .

. . *



 (Eq. 4) 

Where, 

N = Total number of test cycles in the charge depleting to charge 

sustaining range (Rcdtcs) of the urban or highway charge 

depleting test. 

Ecd.AC.i = AC kWh consumed in the “i”th cycle of the charge depleting 

test. 

Ecd.DC.i = Depleted DC energy for the “i”th cycle in the charge 

depleting test. It is defined in section F.3.4 of these test 

procedures. 

Ecd.AC.total = Charge-depleting net AC energy consumption is determined 

according to section F.3.4 of these test procedures. 

12.2.6 The Ycs.urban , which is the weighted CO2 mass emissions of the 

charge-sustaining test, is determined by the following equation, which can be found 

in section F.5.5 of these test procedures. 

H

H

C

C

CS Urban D

Y

D

Y

Y .  0.43*  0.57 * (Eq. 5) 

Where, 

YCS.Urban = Weighted mass emissions of CO2 in grams/mi of the charge 

sustaining test.

YC = Mass emissions as calculated from the cold start UDDS, in grams 

per cycle. 

YH = Mass emissions as calculated from the hot start UDDS, in grams 

per cycle. 

DC = The measured driving distance from the cold start UDDS, in 

miles. 

DH = The measured driving distance from the hot start UDDS, in miles. 

12.3 The highway GHG emissions value for off-vehicle charge capable hybrid 

electric vehicles is calculated using the following equation. 
B-19 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

     

     

highwayn highway Nhighway

j

upstream j cs highway

N

j

i

N

j

cd AC j

j

CD j

highway j GHG UF G UF Y

D

Y

GHG UF 1

.

1 1

. .

. ( }*( ) ( ) (1 ( )) *( )

 

(Eq. 7) 

Where,

GHGhighway= Rated highway GHG emissions for PHEV, in gCO2e/mile

j = Number of charge-depleting highway test cycle 

Nhighway = Total number of highway test cycles in charge depleting to charge 

sustaining range (Rcdtcs)

UFj = Utility factor for highway test cycle j (see Table 1)

YCD.j = Mass emissions of CO2 in grams per vehicle mile, for the “j”th test in 

the charge depleting test 

Dj = Distance of the HFEDS cycle, in miles. 

GHGcd.AC.j = Rated GHG emissions for test cycle j, in gCO2e/mile (see Eq. 3) 

Ycs.highway = Mass emissions of CO2 in grams/mi of the highway charge 

sustaining emission test, which can be found in section F.6.3.3 of 

these test procedures.

Gupstream = Gasoline upstream factor 0.25 * GHGtar 

* * * * * 
C-1 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

Attachment C 

 California Environmental Protection Agency 

 AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFICATIONS 

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 

2018 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND HYBRID 

ELECTRIC VEHICLES, IN THE PASSENGER CAR, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES 

 Adopted: [insert date here] 

 

[Note: This is a newly adopted incorporated test procedure. This document is printed in 

a style to indicate changes from the adopted incorporated test procedure. All original 

language is indicated by plain type. The 15-day proposed modifications are shown in 

single underline to indicate additions and single strikeout to indicate deletions. Existing 

intervening text that is not proposed to be amended is indicated by “* * * *”.] 
C-2 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

This Page Intentionally Left Blank 
C-3 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes

(incorporated by reference in section 1962.2) 

* * * * * 

B. Definitions and Terminology. 

1. Definitions. 

* * * * * 

“Conventional rounding method” means to increase the last digit to be retained 

when the following digit is five or greater. Retain the last digit as is when the following 

digit is four or less. 

 

“Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits” means credits earned under section 

1962 and 1962.1 by delivery for sale of PZEVs and AT PZEVs, discounted according to 

subdivision C.7.2(f). 

“East Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states east of the 

Mississippi River. 

* * * * * 

“Energy storage device” means a storage device able to provide the minimum 

power and energy storage capability to enable engine stop/start capability, traction 

boost, regenerative braking, and (nominal) charge sustaining mode driving capability. 

In the case of TZEVs, a minimum range threshold relative to certified, new-vehicle 

range capability is not specified or required.

* * * * * 

 “Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle” means a ZEV that is fueled primarily by hydrogen, 

but may also have off-vehicle charge capability. 

 “Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle” means a TZEV that is fueled 

exclusively by hydrogen. 

* * * * * 

“West Region pool” means the combination of Section 177 states west of the 

Mississippi River. 

* * * * * 
C-4 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

C. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards. 

 

1. ZEV Emission Standard. The Executive Officer shall certify new 2018 

and subsequent passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles as ZEVs if 

the vehicles produce zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor 

pollutant) or greenhouse gas, excluding emissions from air conditioning systems, under 

any and all possible operational modes and conditions. 

2. Percentage ZEV Requirements 

2.1 General Percentage ZEV Requirement. 

(b) Calculating the Number of Vehicles to Which the Percentage ZEV 

Requirement is Applied. For 2018 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer’s 

production volume for the given model year will be based on the three-year average of 

the manufacturer’s volume of PCs and LDTs, produced and delivered for sale in 

California in the prior second, third, and fourth model year [for example, 2019 model 

year ZEV requirements will be based on California production volume average of PCs 

and LDTs for the 2015 to 2017 model years]. This production averaging is used to 

determine ZEV requirements only, and has no effect on a manufacturer’s size 

determination (eg. three-year average calculation method). In applying the ZEV 

requirement, a PC or LDT, that is produced by one manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer A), 

but is marketed in California by another manufacturer (e.g., Manufacturer B) under the 

other manufacturer’s (Manufacturer B) nameplate, shall be treated as having been 

produced by the marketing manufacturer (i.e., Manufacturer B). 

(1) [Reserved] 

(2) [Reserved] 

(3) A manufacturer may apply to the Executive Officer to be permitted to base 

its ZEV obligation on the number of PCs and LDTs, produced by the manufacturer and 

delivered for sale in California that same model year (ie, same model-year calculation 

method) as an alternative to the three-year averaging of prior year production described 

above, for up to two model years, total, between model year 2018 and model year 2025. 

For the same model-year calculation method to be allowed, a manufacturer’s 

application to the Executive Officer must show that their volume of PCs and LDTs 

produced and delivered for sale in California has decreased by 40 at least 30 percent 

from the previous year due to circumstances that were unforeseeable and beyond their 

control. 

* * * * * 
C-5 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

3. Transitional Zero Emission Vehicles (TZEV).

3.1 Introduction. This subdivision C.3 sets forth the criteria for identifying 

vehicles delivered for sale in California as TZEVs. 

3.2 TZEV Requirements. In order for a vehicle to be eligible to receive a 

ZEV allowance, the manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with all of the following 

requirements: 

(a) SULEV Standards. Certify the vehicle to the 150,000-mile SULEV 20 or 

30 exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 1961.2(a)(1). Bi-fuel, 

fuel flexible and dual-fuel vehicles must certify to the applicable 150,000-mile SULEV 20 

or 30 exhaust emission standards when operating on both fuels. Manufacturers may 

certify 2018 and 2019 TZEVs to the 150,000-mile SULEV exhaust emission standards 

for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 1961(a)(1); 

(b) Evaporative Emissions. Certify the vehicle to the evaporative emission 

standards in subdivision 1976(b)(1)(G) . Manufacturers may certify 2018 and 2019 

TZEVs to the evaporative standards for PCs and LDTs in subdivision 1976(b)(1)(E); 

* * * * * 

3.3 Allowances for TZEVs. 

 (a) Zero Emission Vehicle Miles Traveled TZEV Allowance Calculation. A 

vehicle that meets the requirements of subdivision C.3.2 and has zero-emission vehicle 

miles traveled (VMT), as defined by and calculated by this test procedure and measured 

as all electric Rcda equivalent all electric range (EAER) capability will generate 

allowance according to the following equation: 

UDDS Test Cycle Range (Rcda) Allowance 

<10 all electric miles 0.00 

≥10 all electric miles TZEV Credit = [(0.01) * RcdaEAER + 

0.30] 

>80 miles (credit cap) 1.310 

(1) Allowance for US06 Capability. TZEVs with US06 all electric range 

capability (RcdaAER) of at least 10 miles shall earn an additional 0.2 allowance. US06 

test cycle range capability shall be determined in accordance with section E.8 of these 

test procedures. 

* * * * * 
C-6 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

4. Qualification for Credits From ZEVs. 

* * * * * 

4.5 Credits for 2018 and Subsequent Model Years. 

(a) ZEV Credit Calculations. Credits from a ZEV delivered for sale are based 

on the ZEV’s UDDS all electric range, determined in accordance with these test 

procedures using the following equation: 

ZEV Credit = (0.01) * (UDDS range) + 0.50 

* * * * * 

 (e) Counting Specified ZEVs Placed in Service in a Section 177 State and in 

California. 

 

(1) Provisions for 2018 through 2025 Model Years. Large volume 

manufacturers and intermediate volume manufacturers with credits earned from 

hHydrogen fuel cell vehicles that are certified to the California ZEV standards applicable 

for the ZEV’s model year, delivered for sale and placed in service in California or in a 

section 177 state, may be counted towards compliance in California and in all section 

177 states with the percentage ZEV requirements in subdivision C.2. The credits earned 

are multiplied by the ratio of a manufacturer’s applicable production volume for a model 

year, as specified in subdivision C.2.1(b), in the state receiving credit to the 

manufacturer’s applicable production volume as specified in subdivision C.2.1(b), for the 

same model year in California(hereafter, “proportional value”). Credits generated from 

ZEV placement in a section 177 state will be earned at the proportional value in the 

section 177 state, and earned in California at the full value specified in subdivision 

C.4.5(a).

 

(2) Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path. 

(A) Reduced ZEV and TZEV Percentages. Large volume manufacturers 

and intermediate volume manufacturers that have fully complied with the optional 

section 177 state compliance path requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. are 

allowed to meet ZEV percentage requirements and optional TZEV percentages reduced 

from the minimum ZEV floor percentages and TZEV percentages in subdivision C.2.2(e) 

in each section 177 state equal to the following percentages of their sales volume 

determined under subdivision 1962.2(b)(1)(B: 

ZEVs 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

Existing Minimum ZEV Floor 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 
C-7 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path 62.5% 75% 87.5% 100% 

Minimum Section 177 State ZEV 

Requirement 1.25% 3.00% 5.25% 8.00% 

TZEVs 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

Existing TZEV Percentage 2.50% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00% 

Section 177 State Adjustment for Optional 

Compliance Path 90.00% 100% 100% 100% 

New Section 177 State TZEV Percentage 2.25% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00% 

Total Percent Requirement 

Model Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 

New Total Section 177 State Optional 

Requirements 

3.50% 6.00% 8.75% 12.00%

1. Trading and Transferring ZEV and TZEV Credits within West 

Region Pool and East Region Pool. Manufacturers that have fully 

complied with the optional section 177 state compliance path 

requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may trade or transfer 

specified model year ZEV and TZEV credits within the West Region 

pool to meet the same model year requirements in subdivision 

C.4.5(e)(2)(A) and will incur no premium on their credit values. For 

example, for a manufacturer to make up a 2019 model year 

shortfall of 100 credits in State X, the manufacturer may transfer 

100 (2019 model year) ZEV credits from State Y, within the West 

Region pool. Manufacturers that have fully complied with the 

optional section 177 state compliance path requirements in 

subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may trade or transfer specified model 

year ZEV and TZEV credits within the East Region pool to meet the 

same model year requirements in subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A), and 

will incur no premium on their credit values. For example, for a 

manufacturer to make up a 2019 model year shortfall of 100 credits 

in State W, the manufacturer may transfer 100 (2019 model year) 

ZEV credits from State Z, within the East Region pool. 

2. Trading and Transferring ZEV and TZEV Credits between 

the West Region Pool and the East Region Pool. Manufacturers 

that have fully complied with the optional section 177 state 

compliance path requirements in subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3. may 

trade or transfer specified model year ZEV and TZEV credits to 

meet the same model year requirements in subdivision 
C-8 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

C.4.5(e)(2)(A).a. between the West Region pool and the East 

Region pool; however, any credits traded will incur a premium of 

30% of their value. For example, in order for a manufacturer to 

make up a 2019 model year shortfall of 100 credits in the West 

Region Pool, the manufacturer may transfer 130 (2019 model year) 

credits from the East Region Pool. No credits may be traded or 

transferred to the East Region pool or West Region pool from a 

manufacturer’s California ZEV bank, or from the East Region pool 

or West Region pool to a manufacturer’s California ZEV bank. 

(B) Reporting Requirements. On an annual basis, by May 1st of the 

calendar year following the close of a model year, each manufacturer that elects the 

optional section 177 state compliance path under subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3 shall 

submit, in writing, to the Executive Officer and each section 177 state a report, including 

an itemized list, that indicates where vehicles have been placed within the East Region 

pool and within the West Region pool. The itemized list shall include the following:

1. The manufacturer’s total applicable volume of PCs and LDTs 

delivered for sale in each section 177 state within the regional pool, 

as determined under subdivision C.2.1(b). 

2. Make, model, vehicle identification number, credit earned, 

and section 177 state where delivery for sale of each TZEV and 

ZEV occurred and to meet manufacturer’s requirements under 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A). 

(C) Failure to Meet Optional Section 177 State Compliance Path 

Requirements. A manufacturer that elects the optional section 177 state compliance 

path subdivision 1962.1(d)(5)(E)3 and does not meet the modified percentages in 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) in a model year or make up their deficit within the specified 

time and with the specified credits allowed by subdivision C.7.7(a) in all section 177 

states of the applicable pool, shall be treated as subject to the ZEV percentage 

requirements in section C.2 in each section 177 state. The pooling provisions in 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) shall not apply. Any transfers of ZEV or TZEV credits 

between section 177 states will be null and void if a manufacturer fails to comply, and 

ZEV or TZEV credits will return to the section 177 state in which the credits were 

earned. Penalties shall be calculated separately by each section 177 state where a 

manufacturer fails to make up the ZEV deficits by the end of the 2018 model year. 

(D) The provisions of section C shall apply to a manufacturer electing the 

optional section 177 state compliance path, except as specifically modified by this 

subdivision C.4.5(e)(2). 

* * * * * 
C-9 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

 (g) BEVx. A BEVx must meet the following in order to receive credit, based 

on its zero emission UDDS range, through subdivision C.4.5(a): 

* * * * * 

(3) Minimum Zero Emission Range Requirements. BEVxs must have a 

minimum of 8075 miles UDDS zero emission range. 

* * * * * 

7. Generation and Use of ZEV Credits; Calculation of Penalties 

* * * * * 

7.2 ZEV Credit Calculations. 

 (a) Credits from ZEVs. The amount of credits earned by a manufacturer in a 

given model year from ZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, and shall be equal to 

the number of credits from ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California that the 

manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV requirements, or, if applicable, 

requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) for the model year subtracted 

from the number of ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California by the 

manufacturer in the model year. 

 (b) Credits from TZEVs. The amount of credits earned by a manufacturer in a 

given model year from TZEVs shall be expressed in units of credits, and shall be equal 

to the total number of TZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California that the 

manufacturer applies towards meeting its ZEV requirement, or, if applicable, 

requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) for the model year subtracted 

from the total number of ZEV allowances from TZEVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California by the manufacturer in the model year. 

* * * * * 

7.5 ZEV Credits for Transportation Systems. 

* * * * * 

(c) Cap on Use of Transportation System Credits. 

(1) ZEVs. Transportation system credits earned or allocated by ZEVs or 

BEVxs pursuant to subdivision 1962.1 (g)(5), not including any credits earned by the 

vehicle itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s ZEV obligation 

in any given model year, and may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s 
C-10 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

ZEV obligation which must be met with ZEVs, as specified in subdivision C.2.2(e) , or, if 

applicable, requirements specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A). Manufacturers 

may not use transportation system credits earned by ZEVs to comply with requirements 

specified in subdivision C.4.5(f). 

(2) TZEVs. Transportation system credits earned or allocated by TZEVs 

pursuant to subdivision 1962.1(g)(5), not including all credits earned by the vehicle 

itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of the portion of a manufacturer’s ZEV 

obligation that may be met with TZEVs or, if applicable, the portion of a manufacturer’s 

obligation that may be met with TZEVs specified under subdivision C.4.5(e)(2)(A) in any 

given model year, but may only be used in the same manner as other credits earned by 

vehicles of that category. Manufacturers may not use transportation system credits 

earned by TZEVs to comply with requirements specified in subdivision C.4.5(f). 

7.6 Use of ZEV Credits. A manufacturer may meet the ZEV requirements in 

a given model year by submitting to the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of 

ZEV credits, consistent with subdivision C.2. Credits in each of the categories may be 

used to meet the requirement for that category as well as the requirements for lesser 

credit earning ZEV categories, but shall not be used to meet the requirement for a 

greater credit earning ZEV category, except for discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits. 

For example, credits produced from TZEVs may be used to comply with the portion of 

the requirement that may be met with credits from TZEV, but not with the portion that 

must be satisfied with credits from ZEVs. These credits may be earned previously by 

the manufacturer or acquired from another party. 

(a) Use of Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV Credits and NEV Credits For 

model years 2018 through 2025, discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits, and NEV 

credits may be used to satisfy up to one-quarter of the portion of a manufacturer’s 

requirement that can be met with credits from TZEVs or, if applicable, the portion of a 

manufacturer’s obligation that may be met with TZEVs specified under subdivision 

C.4.5(e)(2)(A). Intermediate volume manufacturers may fulfill their entire requirement 

with discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits, and NEV credits in model years 2018 and 

2019. These credits may be earned previously by the manufacturer or acquired from 

another party. Discounted PZEV and AT PZEV credits may no longer be used after 

model year 2025 compliance. 

(b) Use of BEVx Credits. BEVx credits may be used to satisfy up to 50% of the 

portion of a manufacturer’s requirement that must be met with ZEV credits. 

(c) GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. 

(1) Application. Manufacturers may apply to the Executive Officer, no later 

than May 1, 2018December 31, 2016, to be eligible for this subdivision C.7.6(c), based 

on the following qualifications: 
C-11 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

* * * * * 

 (2) Credit Generation and Calculation. Manufacturers must calculate their 

over compliance with section 1961.3 requirements for model years 2018 through 2021 

based on compliance with the previous model year standard. For example, to generate 

credits for this subdivision C.7.6(c) for model year 2018, manufacturers would calculate 

credits based on model year 2017 compliance with section 1961.3. 

* * * * * 

(B) Credits earned under section 1961.3(ba)(9) may not be 

included in the calculation of gCO2/mile credits for use in the above 

equation in subdivision (A). 

* * * * * 

 (3) Use of GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. A manufacturer may use no 

more than the percentage enumerated in the table below to meet either the total ZEV 

requirement nor the portion of their ZEV requirement that must be met with ZEV credits, 

with credits earned under this subdivision C.7.6(c). 

Credits earned in any given model year under this subdivision C.7.6(c) may only be 

used in the applicable model year and may not be used in any other model year. 

Credits calculated under this provision must also be removed from the GHG compliance 

bank, and cannot be banked for future compliance toward section 1961.3. 

4. Reporting Requirements. 

(4) Reporting Requirements. Annually, manufacturers are required to submit 

calculations of credits for this subdivision C.7.6(c) for the model year, any remaining 

credits/debits from previous model years under 1961.3, and projected credits/debits for 

future years through 2021 under 1961.3 and this subdivision C.7.6(c). 

 a. If a manufacturer, who has been granted the ability to 

generate credits under this subdivision C.7.6(c), fails to over comply by at least 2.0 

gCO2/mile in any one year, the manufacturer will be subject to the full ZEV requirements 

for the model year and future model years, and will not be able to earn credits for any 

other model year under this subdivision C.7.6(c). 

(5) If the Executive Officer does not make a determination that a Federal 

greenhouse gas fleet standard is functionally equivalent to subdivision 1961.3, than this 

subdivision C.7.6(c)(1) through (4) is unavailable for use by any manufacturer. 

2018 2019 2020 2021 

50% 50% 40% 30% 
C-12 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

* * * * * 

F. Test Procedures for 20128 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles (including Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles) and All 2012 

and Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Except Off-Vehicle Charge 

Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 

The “as adopted or amended dates” of the 40 CFR Part 86 regulations 

referenced by this document are the dates identified in the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” Unless otherwise noted, these 

requirements shall apply to all ZEVs (including fuel cell vehicles and hybrid fuel cell 

vehicles) and all HEVs, except off-vehicle charge capable HEVs. A manufacturer may 

elect to certify a 2009, 2010, or 2011 model-year zero-emission vehicle or hybrid 

electric vehicle, except an off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle, using this 

section E. 

* * * * * 

G. Test Procedures for 20128 and Subsequent Model Off-Vehicle 

Charge Capable Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

The “as adopted or amended dates” of the 40 CFR Part 86 regulations 

referenced by this document are the dates identified in the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” unless otherwise noted. A manufacturer 

may elect to certify a 2009, 2010, or 2011 model-year off-vehicle charge capable hybrid 

electric vehicle using this section G. 

* * * * * 

J. Test Procedures for 2009 through 2011 Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles. 

The “as adopted or amended dates” of the 40 CFR Part 86 regulations 

referenced by this document are the dates identified in the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” 

1. Electric Dynamometer. All ZEVs must be tested using a 48-inch single 

roll electric dynamometer meeting the requirements of 40 CFR Subpart B, §86.108-

00(b)(2). 

2. Vehicle and Battery Break-In Period. A manufacturer shall use good 
C-13 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

engineering judgment in determining the proper stabilized emissions mileage test point 

and report same according to the requirements of section D.2.11 above. 

3. All-Electric Range Test. All 2009 through 2011 ZEVs and only offvehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles shall be subject to the All-Electric Range 

Test specified below for the purpose of determining the energy efficiency and operating 

range of a ZEV or of an off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle operating 

without the use of its auxiliary power unit. For hybrid electric vehicles, the manufacturer 

may elect to conduct the All-Electric Range Test prior to vehicle preconditioning in the 

exhaust and evaporative emission test sequence specified in the “California Evaporative 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles”. 

3.1 Cold soak. The vehicle shall be stored at an ambient temperature not 

less than 68F (20C) and not more than 86F (30C) for 12 to 36 hours. During this 

time, the vehicle’s battery shall be charged to a full state-of-charge. 

3.2 Driving schedule. 

3.2.1 Determination of Urban All-Electric Range.

(a) At the end of the cold soak period, the vehicle shall be placed, either driven 

or pushed, onto a dynamometer and operated through successive Urban Dynamometer 

Driving Schedules (UDDS), 40 CFR, Part 86, Appendix I, which is incorporated herein 

by reference. A 10-minute soak shall follow each UDDS cycle. 

(b) For vehicles with a maximum speed greater than or equal to the maximum 

speed on the UDDS cycle, this test sequence shall be repeated until the vehicle is no 

longer able to maintain either the speed or time tolerances in 40 CFR §86.115-00 (b)(1) 

and (2), or the manufacturer determines that the test should be terminated for safety 

reasons, e.g. excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low battery voltage, etc. 

For off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles, this determination shall be 

performed without the use of the auxiliary power unit. 

(c) For vehicles with a maximum speed less than the maximum speed on the 

UDDS cycle, the vehicle shall be operated at maximum available power (or full throttle) 

when the vehicle cannot achieve the speed trace within the speed and time tolerances 

specified in 40 CFR § 86.115-00(b)(1) and (2). The test shall be terminated when the 

vehicle speed when operated at maximum available power (or full throttle) falls below 

95 percent of the maximum speed initially achieved on the UDDS cycle or when the 

battery state-of-charge is depleted to the lowest level allowed by the manufacturer, or 

the manufacturer determines that the test should be terminated for safety reasons, e.g. 

excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low battery voltage, etc., whichever 

occurs first. For off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles, this determination 

shall be performed without the use of the auxiliary power unit. 
C-14 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

3.2.2 Determination of Highway All-Electric Range. 

(a) At the end of the cold soak period, the vehicle shall be placed, either driven 

or pushed, onto a dynamometer and operated through two successive Highway Fuel 

Economy Driving Schedules (HFEDS), 40 CFR, Part 600, Appendix I, which is 

incorporated herein by reference. There shall be a 15 second zero speed with key on 

and brake depressed between two cycles and a 10-minute soak following the two 

HFEDS cycles. 

(b) For vehicles with a maximum speed greater than or equal to the maximum 

speed on the HFEDS cycle, this test sequence shall be repeated until the vehicle is no 

longer able to maintain either the speed or time tolerances in 40 CFR § 86.115-00 (b)(1) 

and (2), or the manufacturer determines that the test should be terminated for safety 

reasons, e.g. excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low battery voltage, etc. 

For off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles, this determination is optional and 

shall be performed without the use of the auxiliary power unit. 

(c) For vehicles with a maximum speed less than the maximum speed on the 

HFEDS cycle, the vehicle shall be operated at maximum available power (or full throttle) 

when the vehicle cannot achieve the speed trace within the speed and time tolerances 

specified in 40 CFR § 86.115-00(b)(1) and (2). The test shall be terminated when the 

vehicle speed when operated at maximum available power (or full throttle) falls below 

95 percent of the maximum speed initially achieved on the HFEDS cycle or when the 

battery state-of-charge is depleted to the lowest level allowed by the manufacturer, or 

the manufacturer determines that the test should be terminated for safety reasons, e.g. 

excessively high battery temperature, abnormally low battery voltage, etc., whichever 

occurs first. For off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles, this determination 

shall be performed without the use of the auxiliary power unit. 

(d) NEVs are exempt from the highway all-electric range test. 

3.2.3 Recording requirements. Once the vehicle is no longer able to maintain 

the speed and time requirements specified in (2) above, or once the auxiliary power unit 

turns on, in the case of an off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicle, the vehicle 

shall be brought to an immediate stop and the following data recorded: 

(a) mileage accumulated during the All-Electric Range Test; 

(b) Net DC energy from the battery that was expended during the All-Electric 

Range Test (may be reported as the total DC battery energy output and the total DC 

battery energy input during the All-Electric Range Test); 

(c) AC energy required to fully charge the battery after the All-Electric Range 

Test from the point where electricity is introduced from the electric outlet to the battery 

charger; and 

(d) DC energy required to fully charge the battery after the All-Electric Range 
C-15 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

Test from the point where electricity is introduced from the battery charger to the 

battery. 

Battery charging shall begin within 1 hour after terminating the All-Electric Range 

Test. 

3.2.4 Regenerative braking. Regenerative braking systems may be utilized 

during the range test. The braking level, if adjustable, shall be set according to the 

manufacturer’s specifications prior to the commencement of the test. The driving 

schedule speed and time tolerances specified in (2) shall not be exceeded due to the 

operation of the regenerative braking system. 

4. Determination of Battery Specific Energy for ZEVs.

Determine the specific energy of batteries used to power a ZEV in accordance 

with the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium’s Electric Vehicle Battery Procedure Manual 

(January 1996), Procedure No. 2, “Constant Current Discharge Test Series,” using the 

C/3 rate. The weight calculation must reflect a completely functional battery system as 

defined in the Appendix of the Manual, including pack(s), required support ancillaries 

(e.g., thermal management), and electronic controller. 

5. Determination of the Emissions of the Fuel-fired Heater for Vehicles 

Other Than ZEVs.

The exhaust emissions result of the fuel-fired heater shall be determined by 

operating at a maximum heating capacity with a cold start between 68oF and 86oF for a 

period of 20 minutes and dividing the grams of emissions by 20. The resulting grams 

per minute shall be multiplied by 3.0 minutes per mile for a grams per mile value. 

6. Hybrid Electric Vehicle FTP Emission Test Provisions.

Alternative procedures may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if 

approved in advance by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board. 

6.1 Vehicle Preconditioning.

To be conducted pursuant to the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” with the following 

supplemental requirements: 

6.1.1 Battery state-of-charge shall be set prior to initial fuel drain and fill before 

vehicle preconditioning. 

6.1.2 For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow manual activation of the 

auxiliary power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at a level that causes the hybrid 
C-16 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

electric vehicle to operate the auxiliary power unit for the maximum possible cumulative 

amount of time during the preconditioning drive. 

6.1.3 For hybrid electric vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary 

power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at a level that satisfies one of the 

following conditions: 

(i) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-sustaining over the UDDS, 

battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer. 

(ii) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-depleting over the UDDS, 

battery state-of-charge shall be set at the level recommended by the 

manufacturer for activating the auxiliary power unit when operating in 

urban driving conditions. 

6.1.4 After setting battery state-of-charge, the hybrid electric vehicle shall be 

pushed or towed to a work area for fuel drain and fill according to sections D.1.1. and 

D.1.2. of the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles”. 

6.1.5 Following fuel drain and fill, the vehicle shall be pushed or towed into 

position on a dynamometer and preconditioned. If the auxiliary power unit is capable of 

being manually activated, the auxiliary power unit shall be manually activated at the 

beginning of and operated throughout the preconditioning drive. 

6.1.6 Within five minutes of completing preconditioning drive, battery state-ofcharge shall be set at a level that satisfies one of the following conditions: 

(i) If the hybrid electric vehicle does not allow manual activation of the 

auxiliary power unit and is charge-sustaining over the UDDS, then set 

battery state-of-charge to a level such that the SOC Criterion (see section 

B., Definitions, of these procedures) would be satisfied for the 

dynamometer procedure (section 6.2 of these procedures). If off-vehicle 

charging is required to increase battery state-of-charge for proper setting, 

off-vehicle charging shall occur during 12 to 36 hour soak period. 

(ii) If the hybrid electric vehicle does not allow manual activation of the 

auxiliary power unit and is charge-depleting over the UDDS, then no 

battery state-of-charge adjustment is permissible. 

(iii) If the hybrid electric vehicle does allow manual activation of the 

auxiliary power unit, then set battery state-of-charge to manufacturer 

recommended level for activating the auxiliary power unit when the hybrid 

electric vehicle is operating in urban driving conditions. 
C-17 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

6.2 Dynamometer Procedure

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR § 86.135-00 with the following 

revisions: 

6.2.1 Amend subparagraph (a): Overview. The dynamometer run 

consists of two tests, a “cold” start test, after a minimum 12-hour and a maximum 

36-hour soak pursuant to the provisions of the “California Evaporative Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles”, and a “hot” start test following the “cold” start test by 10 minutes. 

Vehicle startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over the UDDS and 

vehicle shutdown make a complete cold start test. Vehicle startup and operation 

over the UDDS and vehicle shutdown make a complete hot start test. The 

exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air in the dilution tunnel as shown in 

Figure B94-5 and Figure B94-6. A dilution tunnel is not required for testing 

vehicles waived from the requirement to measure particulates. Four particulate 

samples are collected on filters for weighing; the first sample plus backup is 

collected during the cold start test (including shutdown); the second sample plus 

backup is collected during the hot start test (including shutdown). Continuous 

proportional samples of gaseous emissions are collected for analysis during each 

test. For hybrid electric vehicles with gasoline-fueled, natural gas-fueled and 

liquefied petroleum gas-fueled Otto-cycle auxiliary power units, the composite 

samples collected in bags are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For 

hybrid electric vehicles with petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle auxiliary power units 

(optional for natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and 

methanol-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles), THC is sampled and analyzed 

continuously pursuant to the provisions of § 86.110. Parallel samples of the 

dilution air are similarly analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For hybrid 

electric vehicles with natural gas-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and 

methanol-fueled auxiliary power units, bag samples are collected and analyzed 

for THC (if not sampled continuously), CO, CO2, CH4 and NOx. For hybrid 

electric vehicles with methanol-fueled auxiliary power units, methanol and 

formaldehyde samples are taken for both exhaust emissions and dilution air (a 

single dilution air formaldehyde sample, covering the total test period may be 

collected). Parallel bag samples of dilution air are analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, 

CH4 and NOx. 

6.2.2 Subparagraph (d). [No change.] 

6.2.3 Amend subparagraph (h): The driving distance, as measured by 

counting the number of dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be 

determined for the cold start test and hot start test. The revolutions shall be 

measured on the same roll or shaft used for measuring the vehicle’s speed. 
C-18 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

6.3 Dynamometer Test Run, Gaseous and Particulate Emissions

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR § 86.137-96 with the following 

revisions: 

6.3.1 Amend subparagraph (a): General. The dynamometer run 

consists of two tests, a cold start test, after a minimum 12-hour and a maximum 

36-hour soak pursuant to the provisions of the “California Evaporative Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” 

and a hot start test following the cold start test by 10 minutes. The vehicle shall 

be stored prior to the emission test in such a manner that precipitation (e.g., rain 

or dew) does not occur on the vehicle. The complete dynamometer test consists 

of a cold start drive of 7.5 miles (12.1 km) and a hot start drive of 7.5 miles (12.1 

km). The vehicle is allowed to stand on the dynamometer during the 10 minute 

time period between the cold and hot start tests. 

6.3.2 Amend subparagraph (b)(9): Start the gas flow measuring device, 

position the sample selector valves to direct the sample flow into the exhaust 

sample bag, the methanol exhaust sample, the formaldehyde exhaust sample, 

the dilution air sample bag, the methanol dilution air sample and the 

formaldehyde dilution air sample (turn on the petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle THC 

analyzer system integrator, mark the recorder chart, start particulate sample 

pump No. 1, and record both gas meter or flow measurement instrument 

readings, if applicable), and turn the key on. If the auxiliary power unit is capable 

of being manually activated, the auxiliary power unit shall be activated at the 

beginning of and operated throughout the UDDS. 

6.3.2 Delete subparagraph (13). 

6.3.3 Amend subparagraph (14): Turn the vehicle off 2 seconds after the 

end of the last deceleration (at 1,369 seconds). 

6.3.4 Amend subparagraph (15): Five seconds after the vehicle is 

shutdown, simultaneously turn off gas flow measuring device No. 1 and if 

applicable, turn off the hydrocarbon integrator No. 1, mark the hydrocarbon 

recorder chart, turn off the No. 1 particulate sample pump and close the valves 

isolating particulate filter No. 1, and position the sample selector valves to the 

“standby” position. Record the measured roll or shaft revolutions (both gas meter 

or flow measurement instrumentation readings), and reset the counter. As soon 

as possible, transfer the exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system 

and process the samples pursuant to § 86.140, obtaining a stabilized reading of 

the exhaust bag sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the 

sample collection phase of the test. Obtain methanol and formaldehyde sample 

analyses, if applicable, within 24 hours of the end of the sample period. (If it is 

not possible to perform analysis on the methanol and formaldehyde samples 
C-19 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

within 24 hours, the samples should be stored in a dark cold (4C to 10C) 

environment until analysis. The samples should be analyzed within fourteen 

days.) If applicable, carefully remove both pairs of particulate sample filters from 

their respective holders, and place each in a separate petri dish, and cover. 

6.3.3 Amend subparagraph (18): Repeat the steps in paragraphs (b)(2) 

through (b)(17) of this section for the hot start test. The step in paragraph (b)(9) 

of this section shall begin between 9 and 11 minutes after the end of the sample 

period for the cold start test. 

6.3.4 Delete subparagraph (19). 

6.3.5 Delete subparagraph (20). 

6.3.6 Amend subparagraph (21): As soon as possible, and in no case 

longer than one hour after the end of the hot start phase of the test, transfer the 

four particulate filters to the weighing chamber for post-test conditioning, if 

applicable. For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow manual activation of the 

auxiliary power unit and are charge-sustaining over the UDDS, a valid test shall 

satisfy the SOC Criterion (see Definitions, section B of these procedures). 

6.3.7 Amend subparagraph (24): Vehicles to be tested for evaporative 

emissions will proceed pursuant to the “California Evaporative Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles”. 

6.4 Calculations - Exhaust Emissions

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.144-94 with the following 

revisions: 

6.4.1 Amend subparagraph (a): For light-duty vehicles and light duty 

trucks: 

Ywm = 0.43 * Yc + 0.57 * Yh

 Dc Dh

Where: 

(1) Ywm = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., THC, 

CO, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, CH4, NOx, or CO2, in grams per vehicle mile. 

(2) Yc = Mass emissions as calculated from the cold start test, in 

grams per test. 

(3) Yh = Mass emissions as calculated from the hot start test, in 

grams per test. 

(4) Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start test, in 
C-20 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

miles. 

(5) Dh = The measured driving distance from the hot start test, in 

miles. 

6.5 Calculations - Particulate Emissions

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR §86.145-82 with the following 

revisions: 

6.5.1 Amend subparagraph (a): The final reported test results for the 

mass particulate (Mp) in grams/mile shall be computed as follows: 

Mp = 0.43 * Mpc + 0.57 *Mph

 Dc Dh 

Where: 

(1) Mpc = Mass of particulate determined from the cold start test, in 

grams per vehicle mile. (See § 86.110-94 for determination.) 

(2) Mph = Mass of particulate determined from the hot start test, in 

grams per vehicle mile. (See § 86.110-94 for determination.) 

(3) Dc = The measured driving distance from the cold start test, in 

miles. 

(4) Dh = The measured driving distance from the hot start test, in 

miles. 

7. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Highway Emission Test Provisions

To be conducted pursuant to 40 CFR § 600.111-93 with the following 

revisions: 

7.1 Amend subparagraph (b)(2): The highway fuel economy test is 

designated to simulate non-metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 mph and 

a maximum speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 stop per mile and 

consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through a specified 

driving cycle. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust emission is collected 

continuously for subsequent analysis of THC, CO, CO2, and NOx using a constant 

volume (variable dilution) sampler. Diesel dilute exhaust is continuously analyzed for 

hydrocarbons using a heated sample line and analyzer. Methanol and formaldehyde 

samples are collected and individually analyzed for methanol-fueled vehicles. 

7.2 Amend subparagraph (f)(3): Only one exhaust sample and one 

background sample are collected and analyzed for THC (except diesel hydrocarbons 

which are analyzed continuously), CO, CO2, and NOx . Methanol and formaldehyde 

samples (exhaust and dilution air) are collected and analyzed for methanol-fueled 

vehicles. 
C-21 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

7.3 Add subparagraph (f)(5): Battery state-of-charge shall be set prior to 

performing the HFEDS preconditioning cycle. For hybrid electric vehicles that do not 

allow manual activation of the auxiliary power unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set 

at a level that causes the hybrid electric vehicle to operate the auxiliary power unit for 

the maximum possible cumulative amount of time during the HFEDS preconditioning 

cycle. For hybrid electric vehicles that allow manual activation of the auxiliary power 

unit, battery state-of-charge shall be set at a level that satisfies one of the following 

conditions: 

(i) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-sustaining over the HFEDS, 

battery state-of-charge shall be set at the lowest level allowed by the 

manufacturer. 

(ii) If the hybrid electric vehicle is charge-depleting over the HFEDs, 

battery state-of-charge shall be set at the level recommended by the 

manufacturer for activating the auxiliary power unit when operating in highway 

driving conditions. 

7.4 Amend subparagraph (h)(5): Operate the vehicle over one HFEDS 

preconditioning cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified in 

600.109(b). If the auxiliary power unit is capable of being manually activated, the 

auxiliary power unit shall be manually activated at the beginning of and operated 

throughout the HFEDS preconditioning cycle. 

7.5 Amend subparagraph (h)(6): When the vehicle reaches zero speed at the 

end of the HFEDS preconditioning cycle, the driver has 17 seconds to prepare for the 

HFEDS emission measurement cycle of the test. Reset and enable the roll revolution 

counter. During the idle period, one of the following conditions shall apply: 

(i) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated and are charge-sustaining over the HFEDS, the vehicle 

shall be momentarily turned off for 5 seconds and turned back on during the idle 

period. The battery state-of-charge shall be recorded after the hybrid electric 

vehicle has fully turned on. 

(ii) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated and are charge-depleting over the HFEDS, the vehicle 

shall remain turned on during the idle period. 

(iii) For hybrid electric vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated, the vehicle shall remain turned on with the auxiliary power 

unit operating during the idle period. 

7.6 Add subparagraph (h)(9): At the conclusion of the HFEDS emission test, 
C-22 

Date of Release: December 7, 2011 

Date of Board Hearing: January 26-27, 2012 

Date of 15 day notice period: February 22, 2012 

one of the following conditions shall apply: 

(i) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated and are charge-sustaining over the HFEDS, record the 

battery state-of-charge to determine if the SOC Criterion (see Definitions, section 

B of these procedures) is satisfied. If the SOC Criterion is not satisfied, then 

repeat dynamometer test run from subparagraph (h)(6). A total of three highway 

emission tests shall be allowed to satisfy the SOC Criterion. Manufacturers may 

elect to repeat dynamometer test run from subparagraph (h)(6) if battery energy 

level increased significantly relative to the initial battery state-of-charge set at the 

beginning of the HFEDS emission test. 

(ii) For hybrid electric vehicles that do not allow the auxiliary power unit 

to be manually activated and are charge-depleting over the HFEDS, the emission 

test is completed. 

(iii) For hybrid electric vehicles that allow the auxiliary power unit to be 

manually activated, the emission test is completed. 

KJ. Advanced Technology Demonstration Program data requirements. 

* * * * *