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09-4789-cv

Ridgeway v. Zon 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to summary orders filed on or 

after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and 

this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a document filed with this court, a 

party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an electronic database (with the notation “summary 

order”). A party citing a summary order must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by 

counsel. 

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the 

Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New York, on 

the 15th day of June, two thousand eleven. 

PRESENT: 

RALPH K. WINTER, 

JOSÉ A. CABRANES, 

RAYMOND J. LOHIER JR., 

Circuit Judges. 

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RUSSELL L. RIDGEWAY,

Petitioner-Appellant, 

 -v.- No. 09-4789-cv 

 

ANTHONY ZON, 

Respondent-Appellee. 

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FOR PETITIONER-APPELLANT: RANDOLPH Z. VOLKELL, Merrick, NY. 

FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLEE: THOMAS H. BRANDT, Assistant District Attorney 

(Theresa L. Prezioso, Assistant District Attorney, on 

the brief), for Michael J. Violante, Niagara County 

District Attorney, Lockport, NY. 
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 Appeal from an October 21, 2009 judgment of the United States District Court for the 

Western District of New York (Michael A. Telesca, Judge). 

 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 

DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED. 

Petitioner-appellant Russell Ridgeway appeals from the denial of his petition for a writ of 

habeas corpus by the District Court. Ridgeway challenges his state court conviction for the rape, 

sexual assault and sodomy of his 8-year-old daughter. We granted a Certificate of Appealability to 

answer two questions: (1) whether Ridgeway received constitutionally ineffective assistance in 

violation of the Sixth Amendment; and (2) whether Ridgeway’s term of post-release supervision, 

which was not imposed by the trial court as part of Ridgeway’s original sentence, is invalid pursuant 

to Earley v. Murray, 462 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2006). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and 

the procedural history of this case. 

We review de novo the District Court’s denial of a petition for habeas corpus. Serrano v. Fischer, 

412 F.3d 292, 295 (2d Cir. 2005). Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 

(“AEDPA”), where, as here, a petitioner’s claim “was adjudicated on the merits in State court 

proceedings,” the District Court can grant habeas only if the state court’s decision was “contrary to, 

or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the 

Supreme Court of the United States,” or “was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts 

in light of the evidence presented.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d); see Carvajal v. Artus, 633 F.3d 95, 111 (2d 

Cir. 2011); see also Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 326 (2003) (“AEDPA constrains a federal court’s 

power to disturb state-court convictions”). 

Ineffective Assistance 

On appeal, Ridgeway points to two “choices” which render the assistance he was provided 

constitutionally ineffective under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 688 (1984). First, Ridgeway claims 

that his counsel at trial failed to consult with, much less call, a medical expert to rebut testimony 

provided by the prosecution’s medical expert concluding that the only physical evidence militated in 

favor of sexual abuse. Second, Ridgeway claimed that—in spite of his request—his counsel failed to 

call his mother and sisters, who were prepared to testify to their observations of Ridgeway’s 

interaction with the complainant over the summer of 1999, when she was in Ridgeway’s care. 

Ridgeway’s arguments are not without force. However, in Cullen v. Pinholster—decided two 

days before oral argument in this case—the Supreme Court held that habeas “review under 

§ 2254(d)(1) is limited to the record that was before the state court that adjudicated the claim on the 

merits.” 131 S. Ct. 1388, 1398 (2011). The Court reasoned that the “backward-looking language” 

present in § 2254(d)(1) “requires an examination of the state-court decision at the time it was made” 

and that therefore the record under review must be “limited to the record in existence at that same 
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time i.e., the record before the state court.” Id. See also Atkins v. Clarke, — F.3d —, No. 10–1870, 

2011 WL 1419127, at *2 (1st Cir. Apr. 13 2011). 

Ridgeway’s appeal from his conviction under New York Criminal Procedure Law § 440.10 

was decided on the merits by the Niagara County Court. The record in that court is sparse, to say 

the least, see Res. Br. 7–8 (discussing the state court record on appeal), and failed to establish 

conclusively that Ridgeway’s counsel had not consulted a medical expert or ignored Ridgeway’s 

request to call his relatives. To be sure, additional information proffered before the District Court 

appears to lend some credence to Ridgeway’s claims. As in other cases, see Eze v. Senkowski, 321 

F.3d 110, 135-36 (2d Cir. 2003), we might have remanded the cause to give Ridgeway’s counsel an 

opportunity to explain behavior that does not appear to have been the product of “appropriate 

strategic considerations,” Pavel v. Hollins, 261 F.3d 210, 223 (2d Cir. 2001) (finding that attorney’s 

decision not to prepare a defense because he believed that the trial court would grant his motion to 

dismiss was “not the sort of conscious, reasonably informed decision made by an attorney with an 

eye to benefitting his client”). However, the Supreme Court has now apparently foreclosed that 

avenue for us here. See Cullen, 131 S. Ct. at 1413 (Sotomayor, J., dissenting) (“[n]ew evidence adduced 

at a federal evidentiary hearing is now irrelevant to determining whether a petitioner has satisfied § 

2254(d)(1).”). 

We therefore conclude that, as in Cullen, 

because [Ridgeway] has failed to demonstrate that the adjudication of 

his claim based on the state-court record resulted in a decision 

“contrary to” or “involv[ing] an unreasonable application” of federal 

law, a writ of habeas corpus “shall not be granted” and our analysis is 

at an end. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). We are barred from considering the 

evidence [Ridgeway] submitted in the District Court that he contends 

additionally supports his claim. 

Id. at 1411, n.20. The District Court therefore cannot be said to have erred in denying Ridgeway’s 

petition for a writ of habeas corpus. 

Post-Release Supervision 

Ridgeway also argues, and the government concedes, that the five-year term of post-release 

supervision imposed administratively by the New York State Department of Correctional Services 

(“DOCS”) is invalid pursuant to our holding in Earley v. Murray, 462 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2006). In 

Earley, we instructed the District Court to “issue a writ of habeas corpus excising the term of postrelease supervision from Earley’s sentence and relieving him of any subsequent penalty or other 

consequence of its imposition.” Here, however, on February 18, 2011—while this appeal was 

pending—Ridgeway was resentenced under New York’s statutory scheme designed specifically to 

address terms of post-release supervision that are invalid under Earley. See Corrections Law § 601-d; 
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Penal Law §§ 70.45, 70.85. At his resentencing hearing, a two-year term of post-release supervision 

was added to Ridgeway’s sentence by the Niagara Count Court. Accordingly, as Ridgway does not 

challenge the propriety of New York State’s resentencing scheme, his appeal with regard to the postrelease supervision imposed by the DOCS is moot. 

CONCLUSION

 We have considered all of Ridgway’s arguments on appeal and find them to be without merit. 

For the reasons stated above, the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED. 

FOR THE COURT 

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court