IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

MARCH 2, 2010 Session

STATE OF TENNESSEE v. OSCAR JOE GARCIA 

Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County

No. 08-283 Roy B. Morgan, Jr., Judge

No. W2009-00592-CCA-R3-CD - Filed March 29, 2010

Following a jury trial, the defendant, Oscar Joe Garcia, was convicted of four counts of

facilitation of attempted second degree murder, four counts of facilitation of aggravated

assault, one count of felony reckless endangerment, and one count of possession of a

weapon with intent to employ during the commission of an offense. The trial court merged

the facilitation of aggravated assault convictions into the facilitation of attempted second

degree murder convictions and sentenced the defendant, as a Range I standard offender, to

six years for each of the facilitation convictions, two years for the felony reckless

endangerment conviction, and eleven months, twenty-nine days for the weapon conviction.

The court ordered the six-year sentences to be served consecutively and the remaining

sentences to be served concurrently, for a total effective sentence of twenty-four years. On

appeal, the defendant argues that the trial court erred in imposing consecutive sentences and

in denying his motion to correct and/or reduce his sentence. Based upon our review, we

affirm the judgments of the trial court.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ALAN E. GLENN, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS

and J.C. MCLIN, JJ., joined.

David W. Camp, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Oscar Joe Garcia.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Clarence E. Lutz, Assistant Attorney

General; James G. (Jerry) Woodall, District Attorney General; and Rolf Hazlehurst, Assistant

District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

OPINION

FACTS
Williams testified that she also went by the name “Nicole.” 1

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Robin Winberry testified that during the late night hours and early morning hours of

February 8-9, 2008, she was driving her vehicle, with Timmy Maness and Nicole Jones as

passengers. They went to the Hermitage Apartments to see friends named Jessica and Beth

Ann who began “yelling and screaming and jumping out.” Maness and Jones did the same

thing in response. After they picked up B.J. Henley, they returned to the Hermitage

Apartments, where there were “a lot of people.” Hearing a loud boom, which they believed

to be a gunshot, they left again. Later in the evening, as they were traveling down Vann

Drive, another car was behind them, and Winberry saw Ryan Lewis get out of it with a long,

black gun. She “took off at the light,” driving at an estimated speed of fifty miles per hour,

and then saw Lewis’ car come up beside her. Winberry described what happened next:

BJ called out, “Look out the window,” and I just remember like going

on the steering wheel and covering my head, and then I guess I blacked out for

a minute, and I remember getting out of – Timmy telling me to stop ‘cause I

had went across the street going towards the up ramp where you come down,

and I remember getting out and asking Timmy to call my mom, and then I just

sat there behind the car and Nicole sat there with me. 

Winberry said that the last thing she remembered before being shot was seeing the

defendant, whom she knew as AJ Alvarez, “out the window with that gun.” She said she had

“no doubt” that the defendant was the one who shot her. Winberry said that shotgun pellets

struck her face, ears, and arm and that she still had pellets in her body: “Some of them came

out of my mouth. They’re still in my face, most of them are. All of them are still in my arm.

Didn’t have any surgery, nothing like that.” On cross-examination, Winberry acknowledged

that she had been drinking vodka and smoking marijuana the night she was shot. She said

that her vehicle had tinted windows. 

Dorothy Williams testified that on February 8-9, 2008, she was a passenger in 1

Winberry’s vehicle. She said that after they drove by the Hermitage Apartments a second

time, Ryan Lewis fired a shot toward their car, and they drove off, examined the car for

damage, and then went to “get some weed.” She said that, later in the evening, as they were

driving around, she saw Lewis getting out of a vehicle, carrying a firearm, and coming

toward their vehicle. Williams then described the shot being fired into the vehicle in which

she was riding:

A [W]e were going down Vann Drive, and we pulled up to the light by the

state trooper’s office and that’s when they pulled up beside us. I never seen

AJ. I don’t even know who he is. I seen Ryan Lewis the whole time. But I
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know there was somebody else in the car, and Robin was like, “They got a

gun,” and I dunked my head, and that’s when she got shot.

Q And the car that the shot came from, what did it do?

A They were still sitting there. Robin went on through the light. You

know how the ramp comes down? She went on up through that. Her car was

coming down, and we had to make her stop. Then we got out of the car, and

then they pulled off and went that way, and we were screaming, “You shot

Robin. You shot Robin,” and then that’s when I called 911.

On cross-examination, Williams said that she did not know who fired the shot into the car.

Timothy Maness testified that he was a passenger in Winberry’s car on February 8-9,

2008. He said that, the second time they went by the Hermitage Apartments that night, they

drove away after hearing a gunshot. He said that later, as they were stopped at a red light,

“a car pulled up beside [them] and some guy was hanging out of the car with a gun,” and

Winberry was shot. He said that the person with the gun was not Ryan Lewis, who was

driving the car. On cross-examination, Maness said that he and Winberry had been drinking

vodka and smoking marijuana earlier that evening. He said that he and Winberry could have

shared as many as five “blunts.” 

Billy Wayne Henley, Jr. testified that on February 8-9, 2008, he was riding in

Winberry’s car and, as they were leaving the Hermitage Apartments, he saw Ryan Lewis fire

a shotgun at the car. He said that, later in the evening, Winberry was shot in the face, but he

did not see who fired the shot. 

Officer Steven Story of the Jackson Police Department testified that he was called to

the scene of the shooting on February 9, 2008. At the scene, he found and tagged as evidence

shotgun wadding which he recovered from the front seat of Winberry’s vehicle. 

Amy Oxley testified that she was an evidence technician and latent fingerprint

examiner with the Jackson Police Department. She identified shotgun wadding which she

collected from the rocker panel area of the passenger side of the victims’ vehicle. She said

that the shotgun blast had struck the vehicle just forward of the rear passenger door.

Additionally, she removed shotgun pellets from both the driver’s and passenger’s seats of the

vehicle. 

Sergeant Tyreece Miller testified that he was an investigator with the Jackson Police

Department. Sergeant Miller said that the defendant made no mention in his first statement
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of the shooting. However, in his second statement, the defendant acknowledged firing the

weapon at Winberry’s automobile:

It says, “I’m sorry for lying, get in more trouble. I never intended to shoot at

the window. It was an accident. Sorry for everything. I had been drinking.

Robin had never done anything to make me want to hurt her, and I never was

trying to. I’m so sorry for everything. Hope someday I can apologize to her

and everybody in the car for putting their life at risk. I’m dumb for even

hanging out with Ryan ‘cause the problems was . . . his with the car and I

chose to make it mine for some dumb reason ‘cause I was drunk and I know

that I could have hurt her worse, but I never intended to really shoot anybody.

It was an accident. Maybe I need some time to think about how dumb I am.

Ryan asked me to shoot at the car ‘cause he was driving. We hid the gun by

a garbage can beside the Horizon. Ryan asked where it was so he could come

back and get it. I went back and got it. Chris King has it.” 

Sergeant Miller said that, based upon the statement, he contacted Chris King and

asked him to bring the shotgun to the Jackson Police Department, which he did. The

defendant later signed a photograph of King, writing, “This is Chris King, Amanda’s

nephew’s friend. He took me to get the gun and he has it now.” 

Sergeant Miller testified as to what was shown in the photographs he took of

Winberry’s injuries:

The first one is a picture of the side of her face and her left arm. The

second one is a close-up of her left arm. Close-up of her face. Another closeup of her left arm. A close-up of the left side of her face behind her ear. You

can see where pellets impacted her ear and behind her ear. The next one is just

a photograph of the same. The next one is a photograph of just a face shot.

The next one is a close-up of where the pellet impacted her nose. The next one

is where pellets were under her bottom lip and on her left cheek. The next one

is just a duplicate of the previous. Next is a close-up of the left ear, left cheek.

And the same thing. Another close-up of her left arm. The next one is her

right finger where a pellet impacted her right finger. And the next one is just

a close-up of the right finger. The next one is, she’s pulling her top lip up and

you can see where a pellet is coming through. It entered here and you can see

it’s – inside her mouth you can see it there. The next one is someone has lifted

her hair up. You can see where some of it impacted just above her left ear.

And the next one is the same. You can see where it impacted her scalp above

the left ear. 
King also testified that he first saw the shotgun at the defendant’s house. When asked to clarify his 2

testimony about seeing the gun at the Horizon, King said, “Well I didn’t see it. I mean, he had something.”

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Sergeant Miller said that, during an unrecorded interview, the defendant admitted that

he fired the shot that hit Winberry. During cross-examination, Sergeant Miller acknowledged

that, in his written statements, the defendant did not admit he shot Winberry. He also

acknowledged that no fingerprints were lifted from the shotgun and that no testing for

gunshot residue was performed on the defendant. 

Chris King testified that on the day of the shooting he gave the defendant a ride home

from his girlfriend’s house, and the defendant asked him to “stop at the Horizon off F.E.

Wright” where the defendant retrieved a shotgun. King asked the defendant what he was 2

going to do with the gun and if he “could get it.” He said that he got the gun from the

defendant the day before Sergeant Miller called him and that he carried the gun to the police

station the day after the shooting. 

The twenty-year-old defendant testified that on the evening of February 8, 2008, he,

Blake Bailey, Adam Moore, and Kyle Ross went to the Hermitage Apartments in Ross’s car.

Ryan Lewis, who was alone, followed behind them in another car. At the apartment

complex, the defendant saw Jessica, Beth Ann, and others outside and described what

happened next: “[S]ome arguments were made between Jessica, . . ., in the car, and . . . I

didn’t know anything about Lewis’ house being shot up or anything about that, but I heard

a shot being fired, and it was . . . from Lewis at [Robin Winberry’s] car.” 

The defendant said that he and Bailey then got back in the car with Ross and went to

Kroger Lynnwood. Because Ross could not give them a ride home, the defendant called

Lewis who came and picked up him and Bailey. Lewis drove Bailey home and then

proceeded to drive the defendant to his girlfriend’s house. After they got onto the bypass

headed toward Interstate 40, Lewis saw Winberry’s car pull up beside them. They stopped

at the traffic light at Vann Drive and the exit ramp. Lewis then got out of the car, retrieved

a shotgun from the backseat, loaded it, cocked it, and walked toward Winberry’s car. Lewis,

who was “enraged,” returned to the car with the gun and chased after Winberry’s car. 

The defendant said that, when they caught up with Winberry’s car, Lewis pulled up

alongside it, rolled down the power window on the passenger’s side where the defendant was

sitting, and asked the defendant to shoot at the car. Lewis pointed the gun out the

defendant’s window toward Winberry’s car, the defendant grabbed the barrel of the gun, and

it discharged. The defendant said that Lewis’ hand, not his, was on the trigger when the gun

discharged. The defendant said that he noticed a window had been hit on Winberry’s car.
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He said that Lewis immediately ran the traffic light and got onto the interstate headed toward

Nashville. Lewis then exited the interstate by Pringle Park and drove to the Horizon where

they hid the gun. The defendant said he helped Lewis hide the gun because “the shot came

from my window, and I knew that I’d be looked at like I fired the shot.” The defendant then

went to his girlfriend’s house and was there about twenty minutes before Chris King arrived.

He then went back to the Horizon to get the gun to “cover up [his] foot tracks.” He gave the

gun to King because he was afraid of “being in trouble for these charges and possibly Lewis

. . . getting the gun and doing something else with it.” He said that he never intended for

anyone to get shot when he grabbed the gun and that he was only “trying to diffuse the

situation.” 

On cross-examination, the defendant acknowledged that he also went by the name of

AJ Alvarez. The defendant admitted that he had lied to Sergeant Miller “over and over

again” and that both his girlfriend and his mother had lied for him. The defendant

maintained that the shooting was accidental but acknowledged that he and Lewis did not stop

to check on the victims or call 9-1-1. 

ANALYSIS

On appeal, the defendant argues both that the trial court erred in imposing consecutive

sentences and in denying the defendant’s motion for a reduction of his sentence. We will

review these issues.

I. Consecutive Sentencing

The defendant argues that the fact he received an effective sentence of twenty-four

years, while his co-defendant was sentenced to fifteen years, violates the holding of State v.

David Lamar Hayes, No. M2002-01331-CCA-R3-CD, 2004 WL 1778478 (Tenn. Crim. App.

Aug. 9, 2004), perm. to appeal denied (Tenn. May 23, 2005), as well as the dictates of

Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-103.

In sentencing the defendant, the court found as follows:

The Court’s considered the entire record in this case. I do recall the

testimony and exhibits from the trial of the matter and consider the presentence

report, the victim’s statement and the bills that have been submitted today. I

note there are no mitigating factors that have been filed on behalf of the

[d]efendant, and that the Court considers the youth of the [d]efendant as a

mitigating factor but nothing further could be found as the Court reviewed in

my own mind about mitigation.
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As to enhancing factors, I have reviewed those enhancing factors that

have been filed by the State and note that the Court does find that there’s a

history sufficient beyond that to establish the range, and he is a Range I

Offender, and enhancing factors can be considered.

There was more than one victim involved in this case. It was a vehicle

that contained several victims, and, of course, a finding of guilty relating to

four victims in the case.

The Court also considers this [d]efendant has failed to comply with

conditions in the past, and that’s already been alluded to in that he was on

probation at the time of this offense. The [d]efendant committed crimes that

were a high risk to human life. The [d]efendant, and this is very important in

the Court’s consideration, committed these serious offenses for which he has

been found guilty while he was released on probation at the time, that being

probation I believe out of General Sessions Court.

Those are certainly proper factors for the Court to consider, and I

wanted to note each of those. No one factor is – I’m not emphasizing how

much more weight, but the last factor I mentioned regarding the offense

occurring while released on probation is certainly an important factor. 

The court made additional findings in determining that certain of the sentences should

be served consecutively:

Now, as to the issue of consecutive in this case, . . ., I do find

considering what is set forth in the statute on the issue of consecutive

sentencing that the [d]efendant does have a criminal record. I can consider this

record according to that case authority just submitted by the State. He does

have a criminal record that involves prior offenses that can be considered by

the Court. I get concerned as to whether it’s considered extensive. If I can

consider this particular case to be factor, I certainly think it’s extensive

because this case carries quite a few convictions. I am considering those

which have been unchallenged in the presentence report, and when I consider

those in conjunction with this particular case for which he’s now been

convicted of 10 separate counts, I think it qualifies for purposes of the statute

under I believe 40-35-115 for extensive, and that can be a factor in considering

consecutive.

He has displayed, and this is another factor, disregard for human life in
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this particular case. The acts committed which displayed a high disregard, a

high risk to human life, and I think that’s a factor in this case just considering

the facts of the case and the proof that was submitted to the jury.

And again, one of the major factors of consideration is that this

[d]efendant with his prior criminal history was on probation at the time the

offense was committed, and that is a factor that weighs against him in deciding

consecutive sentencing.

I find that confinement is necessary for an extended period of time to

protect society from the [d]efendant because of his unwillingness to comply

and follow the rules when placed and given the opportunity such as on

probation in the past, and that is a factor that weighs with the Court today in

deciding consecutive sentenc[ing].

So in making those findings, I think consecutive sentenc[ing] is going

to be appropriate for consideration. It’s just to what extent should consecutive

sentencing lie in this case. Noting previously the mergers, I find under the

facts of this case that it would be appropriate that Counts 1, 3, 5 and 7 be

consecutive with each other and that this total effective sentence with Counts

9 and 10 concurrent would be a total effective sentence of 24 years as a Range

I Offender. He would be eligible for release at 30 percent, but there is no

automatic release time under the circumstances. 

The defendant does not contest any of these findings by the trial court, only the court’s

setting of an effective twenty-four-year sentence, which, in the defendant’s view, creates an

illegal disparity when compared with the fifteen-year sentence imposed on his co-defendant.

We will review this claim.

When an accused challenges the length and manner of service of a sentence, it is the

duty of this court to conduct a de novo review on the record with a presumption that “the

determinations made by the court from which the appeal is taken are correct.” Tenn. Code

Ann. § 40-35-401(d) (2006). This presumption is “conditioned upon the affirmative showing

in the record that the trial court considered the sentencing principles and all relevant facts and

circumstances.” State v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). The presumption does

not apply to the legal conclusions reached by the trial court in sentencing the accused or to

the determinations made by the trial court which are predicated upon uncontroverted facts.

State v. Butler, 900 S.W.2d 305, 311 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994); State v. Smith, 891 S.W.2d

922, 929 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994); State v. Bonestel, 871 S.W.2d 163, 166 (Tenn. Crim.

App. 1993), overruled on other grounds by State v. Hooper, 29 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tenn. 2000).
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In conducting a de novo review of a sentence, this court must consider (a) any

evidence received at the trial and/or sentencing hearing, (b) the presentence report, (c) the

principles of sentencing, (d) the arguments of counsel relative to sentencing alternatives, (e)

the nature and characteristics of the offense, (f) any mitigating or enhancement factors, (g)

any statistical information provided by the administrative office of the courts as to Tennessee

sentencing practices for similar offenses, (h) any statements made by the accused in his own

behalf, and (i) the accused’s potential or lack of potential for rehabilitation or treatment.

Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-35-103, -210 (2006); State v. Taylor, 63 S.W.3d 400, 411 (Tenn.

Crim. App. 2001). The party challenging the sentence imposed by the trial court has the

burden of establishing that the sentence is erroneous. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401 (2006),

Sentencing Commission Cmts.; Ashby, 823 S.W.2d at 169.

Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-115(b) provides that it is within the trial

court’s discretion to impose consecutive sentencing if it finds by a preponderance of the

evidence that any one of a number of criteria applies, including that “[t]he defendant is an

offender whose record of criminal activity is extensive,” and “[t]he defendant is sentenced

for an offense committed while on probation[.]” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(2) & (6)

(2006). The defendant does not contest the application of these factors, and we conclude that

the record supports the imposition of consecutive sentencing.

Given the fact of the defendant’s prior convictions and his being on probation at the

time of the commission of the offenses which are the basis for this appeal, we conclude that

the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing the defendant. 

II. Motion for Correction or Reduction of Sentence

The defendant also argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion, pursuant to

Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 35, for a correction or reduction of his sentence. His

arguments in this regard are that, even though he went to trial, he should have received the

same sentence as his co-defendant, who pled guilty. We respectfully disagree. 

In State v. Mann, 959 S.W.2d 503 (Tenn. 1997), our supreme court set out the

differing treatment which could be afforded to those defendants who plead guilty:

A defendant who pleads guilty extends a substantial benefit to the

criminal justice system, and in exchange, the State is entitled to extend a less

harsh sentence than might otherwise be given. Likewise, if a plea offer is

rejected, the State may prosecute the defendant to the fullest extent possible

and seek whatever punishment is appropriate under the law. 
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Id. at 509 (citations omitted).

The defendant’s argument that he should have received the same sentence as his codefendant overlooks several critical facts. Although the defendant testified at trial to the

contrary, Winberry testified that it was the defendant who fired the shotgun from the

passenger seat of his vehicle into her vehicle and that his co-defendant was driving.

Additionally, the defendant cannot expect the same treatment as that given his co-defendant

because the co-defendant pled guilty. We agree with the State that the holding in David

Lamar Hayes, 2004 WL 1778478, does not benefit the defendant. In that case, the defendant,

who was thirty-seven years of age, was sentenced to an effective sentence of 220 years, to

be served at 100% for thirteen counts of rape of a child and seven counts of rape. Id. at *10.

This court reduced the effective sentence to sixty-six years, explaining that “we believe this

particular effective sentence of 220 years far exceeds that allowed under our general

sentencing principles.” Id. 

This defendant received an effective sentence of twenty-four years for discharging a

shotgun into an automobile occupied by four persons, with pellets striking one victim in the

arm and face. We conclude, as did the trial court, that a sentence of twenty-four years is

within the sentencing principles.

CONCLUSION

Based upon the foregoing authorities and reasoning, we affirm the judgments of the

trial court.

_________________________________

ALAN E. GLENN, JUDGE