{"id":350351,"date":"2023-06-13T17:02:14","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T21:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=350351"},"modified":"2024-03-20T16:21:57","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T20:21:57","slug":"core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Core Area of Expertise: Space and Earth Science"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 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alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-supercomputing\/\">Advanced Computing and IT Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience\/\">Aerosciences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-air-traffic-management\/\">Air Traffic Management<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-biology-and-astrobiology\/\">Biology and Astrobiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions\/\">Cost-Effective Space Missions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-entry-systems\/\">Entry Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-intelligent-and-adaptive-systems\/\">Intelligent\/Adaptive Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science\/\">Space and Earth Science<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Missions<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/viper\/\" rel=\"noopener\">VIPER<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/kepler-3\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kepler \/ K2<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button 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fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/gallery\/ames\/\">Featured Images<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/ails.arc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Image Library<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/nasaames\" rel=\"noopener\">Videos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/images.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Images and Video<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/visit-ames-research-center\/\">Visit Ames<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t<div class=\"padding-0 bg-spacesuit-white wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-page-intro hds-page-intro-banner width-full maxw-full padding-0 hds-cover-wrapper minh-tablet\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-top-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"page-heading-md line-height-sm color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpace and Earth Science\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA\u2019s Ames Research Center assists in the agency\u2019s astrophysics efforts in the areas of exoplanet characterization, lab astrophysics and astrochemistry, and radiative transfer research, among others. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"958\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A world map with different regions colored according to predicted future temperature\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg 2500w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=300,140 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=768,359 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=1024,479 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=1536,718 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=2048,958 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=400,187 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=600,281 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=900,421 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=1200,561 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?resize=2000,935 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Space and Earth Science<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA\u2019s primary mission is to seek understanding about the cosmos, including all the stars in the sky, the other planets beyond and within our solar system, and our own Earth. The fields of space and Earth science cover a range of scientific disciplines, making use of a variety of different techniques. Satellites are essential for looking back at our own Earth, and telescopes in orbit allow us to look further into the cosmos than is possible on the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ames\u2019 Role and Facilities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Astrophysics<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The fields of astronomy and astrophysics are the bedrock of how NASA gains knowledge of the universe beyond our solar system. Ames assists in the agency\u2019s astrophysics efforts in the areas of exoplanet characterization, lab astrophysics and astrochemistry, and radiative transfer research, among others. Astrophysics intersects with Ames\u2019 other areas of expertise, leveraging supercomputing for complex simulations, astrophysics and astrochemistry facilities that contribute towards planetary science, and the development of space technologies like coronagraphs that enable future scientific research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Planetary Science<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The study of other planetary bodies is an interdisciplinary field that consists of geology, astronomy, astrobiology, astrochemistry, and more. Planetary science at Ames studies our closest neighbors and the furthest bodies of our solar system, specializing in planet modelling and researching the origins and evolution of planetary systems. Ames\u2019 expertise is preparing us to search for life on Mars, unravelling the mysteries of distant worlds like Pluto, and investigating the origins of our solar system, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Earth Science<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The most striking images we have of our own Earth come from NASA missions. From the vantage point of low Earth orbit, NASA technologies are able to study Earth and understand how it’s changing. At Ames, research projects in Earth science include studying climate change, carbon cycles, and ecosystems, Earth\u2019s surface and interior, the composition of the atmosphere, weather, and water and energy cycles. The tools Ames researchers use include instruments in space and in the air on planes and drones, data systems and archives, and computational power to create data products and models. All this research is available to the wider Earth science community and the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Featured Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kepler Space Telescope<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/transit_method.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/transit_method.gif?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">When a planet crosses directly between us and its star, we see the star dim slightly because the planet is blocking out a portion of the light. This is one method scientists use to find exoplanets. They make a plot called a light curve with the brightness of the star versus time. Using this plot, scientists can see what percentage of the star’s light the planet blocks and how long it takes the planet to cross the disk of the star.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eu003cemu003eCredits: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centeru003c\/emu003eu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Born from the mind of William \u201cBill\u201d Borucki, the Kepler Space Telescope has redefined how we think of other planets beyond our solar system, revealing that there are more planets than stars in the cosmos. The Kepler Mission was specifically designed to survey our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover hundreds of Earth-size and smaller planets in or near the habitable zone and determine the fraction of the hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy that might have such planets. Kepler finds planets by looking for tiny dips in the brightness of a star when a planet crosses in front of it\u2014also known as a transit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First launched in 2009, the telescope\u2019s original mission lasted until 2013. After that, the follow up mission K2 continued using the telescopes capabilities until 2018. Much of the talent, expertise, and techniques developed for Kepler continue on in the TESS mission run by NASA Goddard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/kepler\/main\/index.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Kepler and K2 Landing Page<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/kepler\/topscience\" rel=\"noopener\">Top Science Results from the Kepler Mission<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-retires-kepler-space-telescope-passes-planet-hunting-torch\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Retires Kepler Space Telescope, Passes Planet-Hunting Torch<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fluid Lensing and NASA NeMO-Net<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1481\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A user playing the new NeMO-Net game that helps NASA classify the world's coral from their own home\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg 2299w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=300,217 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=768,556 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=1024,741 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=1536,1111 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=2048,1481 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=400,289 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=600,434 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=900,651 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=1200,868 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coral_game.jpg?resize=2000,1447 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A user playing the new NeMO-Net game that helps NASA classify the world’s coral from their own home<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eu003cemu003eCredits: NASA\/\/Ved Chirayathu003c\/emu003eu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Whenever you look through water, the objects you see look distorted by the water\u2019s surface. Fluid lensing is a technique for imaging through the ocean\u2019s surface. Researchers at the Laboratory for Advanced Sensing at NASA Ames are developing two technologies using fluid lensing: FluidCam and MiDAR, the Multispectral Imaging, Detection, and Active Reflectance instrument. The data from these technologies give us a better look at the ocean\u2019s surface than we\u2019ve ever had before.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enter NeMO-Net, a video game in which players identify and classify corals using 3D images while virtually traveling the ocean on their own research vessel, the Nautilus. Principal investigator Ved Chirayath at Ames developed the neural network behind the game, also called NeMO-Net, or the Neural Multi-Modal Observation and Training Network, which will use player input to build a global coral map.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/ames\/what-is-fluid-lensing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Fluid Lensing?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-calls-on-gamers-citizen-scientists-to-help-map-world-s-corals\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Calls on Gamers, Citizen Scientists to Help Map the World\u2019s Corals<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Astrochemistry Research<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Though most space sciences considers the cosmos on a macro scale, looking at the rotations of planets and stars, the formation of galaxies and nebula, some of the most essential questions about the physics and chemical composition of our universe must be explored on the micro-scale. Understanding the materials that give birth to stars, planets, our own solar system, and even the building blocks of life are part of the domain of astrochemistry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ames has multiple facilities that work in this field, including the Cosmic Simulation Chamber, or COSmIC, and the Astrophysics and Astrochemistry laboratory. The Astrophysics and Astrochemistry lab studies elements of planetary atmospheres, ices on interstellar grains, comets, and planets, and even uses laboratory samples of actual extraterrestrial materials in their research. COSmIC focuses on simulating laboratory equivalents of the gas and dust that exist between and around stars, as well as planetary materials, at the temperatures and vacuum conditions one would find in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/cosmic-facility\" rel=\"noopener\">COSmIC Facility<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.astrochem.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Astrophysics and Astrochemistry Lab<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/careers\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Careers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1229\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg 6607w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2048,1639 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2000,1600 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA Centers and Facilities<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg 5752w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=300,195 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=768,500 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1024,666 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1536,1000 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=2048,1333 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=400,260 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=600,390 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=900,586 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1200,781 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=2000,1301 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Artemis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/images\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA Images<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1236\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg 2961w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=300,241 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=768,618 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1024,824 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1536,1236 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=2048,1648 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=400,322 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=600,483 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=900,724 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1200,965 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=2000,1609 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About Space and Earth Science NASA\u2019s primary mission is to seek understanding about the cosmos, including all the stars in the sky, the other planets beyond and within our solar system, and our own Earth. The fields of space and Earth science cover a range of scientific disciplines, making use of a variety of different [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":195,"featured_media":99598,"parent":122533,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[10441],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Core Area of Expertise: Space and Earth Science","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg"},"articleSection":"General","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jerry Colen"}],"creator":["Jerry Colen"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2023-06-13T21:02:14Z","datePublished":"2023-06-13T21:02:14Z","dateModified":"2024-03-20T20:21:57Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Core Area of Expertise: Space and Earth Science\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-06-13T21:02:14Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"General\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Jerry Colen\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":5,"time_ago":"1 year","featured_image":{"id":99598,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex.jpeg","title":"temperature_forecasting_visualization_out_to_2100_via_nex","alt":"A world map with different regions colored according to predicted future temperature","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/350351"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/topic"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/195"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/350351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":635012,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/350351\/revisions\/635012"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/122533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=350351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=350351"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=350351"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=350351"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=350351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}