(Adopted: 06/22/94; Amended: 09/28/09)

MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-1

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings

RULE 1117 

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(A) General 

(1) Purpose 

(a) To reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from Graphic 

Arts Printing Operations, Digital Printing Operations, and Paper, Film, 

Foil or Fabric Coating Operations. 

(2) Applicability 

(a) This rule is applicable to any Graphic Arts Printing Operations, Digital 

Printing Operations, and Paper, Film, Foil or Fabric Coating Operation 

and to the Solvent cleaning materials and processes associated with such 

Operations. 

(b) This rule is applicable to any person who manufactures any Ink, Coating, 

or Adhesive containing VOC which is sold, offered for sale, or supplied 

for use in Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coating 

Operations in the District. 

(B) Definitions 

For the purposes of this rule, the following definitions shall apply: 

(1) “Adhesive” – A material that is applied for the primary purpose of bonding two 

surfaces together by surface attachment. Adhesives may be used to facilitate the 

attachment of two surfaces or substances in varying degrees of permanence. 

(2) “Aerosol Product” – A hand-held, non-refillable container that expels a 

pressurized Solvent-containing product by means of a Propellant induced force. 

(3) “Application Equipment” – A device, including, but not limited to, a spray gun, 

brush, roller, and a printing press, used to apply Adhesives, Coatings, or Inks. 

(4) “Bench Scale Project” – A project (other than at a Research and Development 

facility) that is operated on a small scale, such as one capable of being located on 

a laboratory bench top. 

(5) “Blanket” – A synthetic rubber mat used to transfer or ”offset” an image from a 

printing plate to paper or other substrate, commonly used in Offset Lithography. 
1117-2 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(6) “Blanket Repair Material” – The material used in Offset Lithographic Printing to 

correct low spots in the press Blanket. 

(7) “Blanket Wash” – A Solvent used to remove Ink from the Blanket of a press. 

(8) “California Air Resources Board (CARB)” – The California State Air Resources 

Board the powers and duties of which are described in Part 2 of Division 26 of the 

California Health & Safety Code (commencing with Section 39500). 

(9) “Capture Efficiency (CE)” – In percent, is the ratio of the weight of the VOC in 

the effluent stream entering the Control Device to the weight of VOC emitted 

from the Operation, both measured simultaneously, and can be calculated by the 

following equation: 

×100 







=

e

c

W

W Capture Efficiency

Where: 

Wc = weight of VOC entering Control Device 

We = weight of VOC emitted from the Operation 

(10) “Coating” – The application of a uniform layer of material across the entire width 

of a substrate. Those machines which have both Coating and printing units 

should be considered as performing a printing Operation. Coating applications 

that are not performed in association with a printing Operation are considered 

Coating Operations and are not Graphic Arts Printing Operations. 

(11) “Coating Line” –A series of Coating applicators, flash-off areas, and any 

associated curing/drying equipment between one or more unwind/feed stations 

and one or more rewind/cutting stations. 

(12) “Control Device” – Equipment such as an incinerator or adsorber, or 

cooler/condenser filtration used to prevent air pollutants from being emitted into 

the atmosphere. 

(13) “Control Device Efficiency” – In percent, is the ratio of the weight of the VOC 

removed by the Control Device from the effluent stream entering the Control 

Device to the weight of the VOC in the effluent stream entering the Control 

Device, both measured simultaneously, and can be calculated by the following 

equation: 

( )

×100 





 −

=

c

c d

W

W W Control Device Efficiency
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-3

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

Where: 

Wc = Weight of VOC entering Control Device 

Wd = Weight of VOC discharged from the Control Device

(14) “Conventional Printing Operations” – Those printing Operations that utilize 

physical masters, stencils, screens or plates during the printing process. 

Conventional Printing Operations use technologies including but not limited to 

Offset Lithographic, Flexographic, Gravure, Letterpress, and Screen Printing. 

(15) “Cured Adhesive, Cured Coating, or Cured Ink” – An Adhesive, Coating, or Ink 

that is dry to the touch. 

(16) “Die Coater (or Slit Coater)” – A type of Application Equipment that coats an 

object by flowing Coatings through a slit directly onto the object moving past the 

slit. 

(17) “Digital Printer” – A printing device that uses a computer-driven machine to 

transfer an electronic image to a substrate through the use of Inks, toners, or other 

graphic materials. Digital printing technologies include, but are not limited to, 

various forms of Ink Jet, Thermography, Electrophotography, Ionography, and 

Magnetography. 

(18) “Digital Printing Operations” – Those Operations that do not use a physical 

master, stencils, or plates but use digital data to control the deposition of Ink, 

toner, or dye to create images. 

(19) “Dip Coater” – A type of Application Equipment that coats an object by 

submerging the object in a vat of Coating, and subsequently withdrawing the 

object and draining off the excess Coating. 

(20) “Doctor Blade” – A steel blade used to scrape excess Ink from a printing plate or 

inking cylinder. 

(21) “Dryer” – A hot air, high velocity system used to dry Inks on printed or coated 

substrate. 

(22) “Dye Sublimation” – An imaging process that vaporizes colorant with heat and 

pressure, and deposits it onto a substrate in order to simulate a continuous tone 

image. Dye Sublimation is a digital printing technology. 

(23) “Electron Beam Ink” – Ink that, when exposed to electron energy, crosslinks or 

solidifies in milliseconds. 

(24) “Electron Charge Deposition Printing” – See Ionography 
1117-4 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(25) “Electrophotograpy” – A digital printing technology that works by recording an 

image on a drum in the form of an electrostatic charge, which is then transferred 

to the substrate. Electrophotography includes such technologies as laser printers, 

xerography, and Liquid Electrophotography. 

(26) “Electrostatic Application” – A method of applying Coating whereby atomized 

paint droplets are charged and subsequently deposited on the substrate by 

electrostatic attraction. 

(27) “Exempt Compound” – Those compounds listed in 40 Code of Federal 

Regulations (CFR) 51.100(s)(1). 

(28) “Extreme Performance Ink/Coating” – An Ink or Coating used in Screen Printing 

on a Non-Porous Substrate that is designed to resist or withstand any of the 

following: 

(a) More than two years of outdoor exposure; or 

(b) Exposure to industrial-grade chemicals, Solvents, acids, detergents, oil 

products, cosmetics, temperatures exceeding 170oF, vacuum-forming, 

embossing or molding. 

(29) “Fabric Coating” – Any decorative or protective Coating or reinforcing material 

applied or impregnated into textile fabric, vinyl coated textile fabric, or vinyl 

sheets. 

(30) “Film Coating” – A Coating applied in a Web Coating process on any film 

substrate other than paper or fabric, including but not limited to typewriter 

ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape, and metal foil gift wrap, but excluding 

Coatings applied to packaging used exclusively for food and health care products 

for human or animal consumption. 

(31) “Fine Arts Painting” – Any unique visual representation, consisting of paint, Ink, 

or other media, hand applied to a substrate of canvas, wood, paper, metal, or other 

material. 

(32) “Flexible Packaging” – Any package or part of a package the shape of which can 

readily be changed. Flexible Packaging includes, but is not limited to, bags, 

pouches, liners, and wraps utilizing paper, plastic, film, aluminum foil, metalized 

or coated paper or film, or any combination of these materials. 

(33) “Flexographic Printing” – The application of words, designs, or pictures to a 

substrate by means of a roll printing technique in which the pattern is applied to 

an image carrier made of rubber or other elastomeric material. The image to be 

printed is raised above the carrier surface, while the non-image area is not raised. 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-5

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(34) “Flow Coater” – A Coating application system with no air supplied to the nozzle 

and where paint flows over the part and the excess Coating drains back into the 

collection system. 

(35) “Foam Coater” – A Coating application system that coats an object by flowing 

foam through holes or a slit directly onto the object moving underneath it. 

(36) “Foil Coating” – A Coating applied in a Web Coating process on any foil 

substrate other than paper or fabric, including but not limited to typewriter 

ribbons, photographic film, magnetic tape, and metal foil gift wrap, but excluding 

Coatings applied to packaging used exclusively for food and health care products 

for human and animal consumption. 

(37) “Fountain Solution” – Solution composed mainly of water and contains at least 

one of the following materials: etchants such as mineral salts; hydrophilic gums; 

or other additives, which is applied to the image plate to maintain the hydrophilic 

properties of the non-image areas. 

(38) “Fugitive Emissions” – Uncollected emissions of VOC from any portion of the 

printing, Coating or Laminating Operation other than from the Dryer. 

(39) “Grams of VOC per Liter of Ink, Coating, Adhesive, or Wash Primer Less Water 

and Less Exempt Compounds (VOC Content)” – The weight of VOCs emitted 

during use, Coating, curing or drying per combined volume of VOC and of Ink, 

Coating, Adhesive, or Wash Primer solids and can be calculated by the following 

equation: 

( ) ( )

( )







− −

− −

=

m w es

s w es

less water and exempt compounds

V V V

W W W

Liter of Coating

Grams VOC

Where: 

Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams 

Ww = weight of water, in grams 

Wes = weight of Exempt Compounds, in grams 

Vm = volume of material, in liters 

Vw = volume of water, in liters 

Ves = volume of Exempt Compounds, in liters 

(40) “Grams of VOC Per Liter of Material” – The weight of VOC per volume of 

material and to be calculated by the following equation: 

( )







 − −

=

m

s w es

V

W W W Grams of VOC per Liter of Material
1117-6 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

Where: 

Ws

 = weight of volatile compounds, in grams 

Ww = weight of water, in grams 

Wes = weight of Exempt Compounds, in grams 

Vm = volume of materials, in liters 

(41) “Graphic Arts Coating” – The application of a uniform layer of material across the 

entire width of a substrate. Those machines which perform both Coating and 

printing should be considered as performing a printing Operation. For purposes of 

this rule, digital printing is not considered a Graphic Arts Coating Operation. 

(42) “Graphic Arts Printing Operations” – Those Operations employing Conventional 

Printing Operations, or any Coating or Laminating process associated with 

Conventional Printing Operations to produce published products and packages. 

Solvent cleaning Operations performed in order to produce published products 

and packages are considered to be part of Graphic Arts Printing Operations. 

(43) “Gravure Printing” – An Intaglio Printing Operation in which the Ink is 

transferred from minute etched wells on a cylinder to the substrate, which is 

supported by an impression roller, with excess Ink removed from the cylinder by a 

Doctor Blade. 

(44) “Hand Application Method” – A method of applying a Coating to a substrate 

using manually held, non-mechanically operated equipment. Such equipment 

includes paintbrushes, hand rollers, caulking guns, trowels, spatulas, syringe 

daubers, rags, and sponges. 

(45) “Heatset Ink” – A quick-drying Ink in which the Solvents are vaporized by 

passing the printed surface through a heater or Oven. 

(46) “High-Volume, Low-Pressure (HVLP) Spray Equipment” – Equipment used to 

apply materials by means of a spray gun which is designed and intended to be 

operated, and which is operated, between 0.1 and 10.0 psig of air atomizing 

pressure, measured dynamically at the center of the air cap and the air horns.

(47) “Ink” – A pigmented and/or dyed liquid or paste used in a graphic arts operation 

typically for printing, impressing, or transferring an image onto a substrate. 

(48) “Ink Jet” – A digital printing technology in which Ink is ejected through 

printheads onto a substrate to create an image. 

(49) “Intaglio Printing” – Printing done from a plate or cylinder in which the image is 

sunk below (etched or engraved into) the surface. 

(50) “Ion Deposition Printing” – See Ionography 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-7

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(51) “Ionography” – A Digital Printing technology that utilizes a directed array of ions 

to create a charge on a nonconductive surface to create an image. Ionography can 

also be known as ion deposition or electron charge deposition printing. 

(52) “Key System Operating Parameters” – Those parameters necessary to ensure 

compliance with (C)(6), including, but not limited to, temperature, pressure drop, 

and air flow rate. 

(53) “Lamination” – A process of bonding two or more layers of material to form a 

single, multiple-layer sheet by using an Adhesive. 

(54) “Letterpress Printing” – A printing method where the image area is raised relative 

to the non-image area and the Ink is transferred to the paper directly from the 

image surface. 

(55) “Line” – The minimum equipment which is required for the application, drying, 

and/or curing of Inks, Ultraviolet Inks, and/or Coatings on a substrate, including 

the Ink and/or Coating applicators and drying systems, and associated Ink and 

Coating agitation and delivery systems. 

(56) “Liquid Leak” – A visible Solvent leak from a container at a rate of more than 

three drops per minute, or a visible liquid mist. 

(57) “Liquid Electrophotography (LEP)” – A digital printing technology that records a 

latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive surface, such as a drum or belt. 

The image created by applying toner to the charged areas of the photoconductor is 

electrically transferred to an intermediate surface. In a second transfer process, 

the image is released from the Blanket surface to the final substrate, cooling 

rapidly as the substrate passes between the Blanket and an impression drum, 

causing the image to “peel off” the Blanket and be affixed to the substrate. This 

Operation repeats itself on the one printing station for every color separation in 

the image. 

(58) “Lithographic Printing” – Printing by a planographic method in which the image 

and non-image areas are on the same plane. 

(59) “Magnetography” – A digital printing technology whereby an image is printed 

using a magnetic toner, electromagnetic write heads, and magnetic fields on an 

imaging drum. 

(60) “Maintenance Cleaning” – A Solvent cleaning Operation or activity carried out to 

keep tools, machinery, equipment (excluding Ink, Coating, or Adhesive 

Application Equipment) or general work areas in clean and good operational 

condition. 
1117-8 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(61) “Manufacturing Process” – The process of making goods or articles by hand or by 

machine. 

(62) “Matte Finish Ink” – A Specialty Ink which is applied on Non-Porous Substrates 

in Flexographic Printing Operations and contains at least five percent by weight 

silicon dioxide flattening agent. 

(63) “Metallic Finish Ink” – A Ink which is applied on Non-Porous Substrates in 

Flexographic Printing Operations and contains at least 28 percent by weight 

elemental metal particles. 

(64) “Metallic Ink” – A Specialty Ink containing at least 50 grams of elemental metal 

particles per liter of Ink (0.4 lb/gal) as applied and which is not used in the 

manufacture of an electronic circuit. 

(65) “Non-Absorbent Container” – A container made of non-porous material that does 

not allow the migration of Solvents through it. 

(66) “Non-Atomized Solvent Flow” – Solvents in the form of a liquid stream without

the introduction of any Propellant. 

(67) “Non-Heatset Ink” – An Ink which dries by oxidation and/or absorption into the 

substrate without use of heat from Dryers or Ovens.

(68) “Non-Leaking Container” – A container without Liquid Leak. 

(69) “Non-Porous” – Any substrate whose surface prevents penetration by water, 

including but not limited to foil, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, 

metalized polyester, nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate (mylar), paper or 

paperboard coated with non-porous surface. Clay coated printing paper as defined 

by the American Paper Institute Classification System, and paperboard coated 

with clay to prevent water penetration, shall be considered Non-Porous. 

(70) “Offset Lithographic Printing” – A planographic method in which the image and 

non-image areas are on the same plane and where the Ink is transferred from an 

image plate on one cylinder to an image Blanket on a different cylinder. The Ink is 

finally transferred from the image Blanket to the surface to be printed. 

(71) “On-Press Component” – A part, component, or accessory of a press that is 

cleaned while still being physically attached to the press. 

(72) “Operation” – Any physical action resulting in a change in the location, form, or 

physical properties of a material, or any chemical action resulting in a change in 

the chemical composition or the chemical or physical properties of a material. 

(73) “Operator” – Includes but is not limited to any person who owns, leases, 

supervises, or operates a facility and/or equipment. 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-9

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(74) “Oven” – A heating chamber which uses heat, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, or 

electron beam (EB) radiation to bake, cure, polymerize, or dry a surface Coating. 

(75) “Packaging Gravure” – Gravure Printing on paper, paperboard, foil, film or other 

substrates which are to be used to produce containers or packages. 

(76) “Pantone Ink” – An Ink created for color matching by combination of Process 

Inks. 

(77) “Paper Coating” – Any Coating applied on or impregnated into paper, including, 

but not limited to, Adhesive tapes and labels, book covers, post cards, office 

copier paper, drafting paper, and pressure sensitive tapes. 

(78) “Plastisizer” – A material used to keep plastic material soft and viscous. 

(79) “Plastisol” – A Coating that is a liquid dispersion of small particles of resins and 

Plastisizers that are fused to become a plastic. 

(80) “Porous” – A substrate whose surface does not prevent penetration by water, 

including but not limited to, paper, paperboard, and any paper product coated with 

a porous material. 

(81) “Process Ink” – The hues yellow, magenta, and cyan, plus black used in the fourcolor print process. 

(82) “Proof Press” – A press used only for printing a sample copy of a graphic art 

product to check the quality of print, color reproduction and editorial content. 

(83) “Propellant” – Any gas, including air, in a pressure container for expelling the 

contents when the pressure is released. 

(84) “Publication Gravure” – Gravure Printing on a substrate which is subsequently 

formed into books, magazines, catalogues, brochures, directories, newspaper 

supplements or other types of printed material. 

(85) “Removable Press Component” – A part, component, or accessory of a press that

is physically attached to the press but is disassembled and removed from the press 

prior to being cleaned. Rollers, Blankets, metering rollers, fountains, impression 

cylinders and plates shall not be considered as Removable Press Components. 

(86) “Repair Process” – The process of returning a damaged object or an object not 

operating properly to good condition. 
1117-10 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(87) “Research and Development” – A facility or portion thereof used to further the 

development of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including, but not 

limited to, design, development, and improvement of prototypes and processes. 

Research and Development does not include the Manufacturing Process itself. 

(88) “Resists” – Inks that are Screen Printed to form the required patterns, alphabets, 

numerals, designs, or symbols on the surface of the substrate; protect the Screen 

Printed or covered surface from the subsequent application of etching or plating 

solution; and are later removed from the substrate by a resist stripper. Resist 

applications include, but are not limited to, etched electronic circuits, display 

screens, chemical milling of parts, nameplates and signage. 

(89) “Roll Coater” – A type of Application Equipment in which a series of mechanical 

rollers form a thin Coating film on the surface of a roller, which is subsequently 

applied to a substrate by moving the substrate underneath the roller. 

(90) “Roller Wash” – A Solvent used to remove Ink from the rollers of a press. 

(91) “Screen Printing” – A process where the Ink passes through a Web or a fabric to 

which a refined form of stencil has been applied. The stencil openings determine 

the form and dimensions of the imprint. 

(92) “Screen Printing Metallic Ink” – An Ink used in Screen Printing that contains 

greater than 50 grams of elemental metal per liter (0.4 lb/gal) of Ink as applied. 

(93) “Sign Ink/Coating” – An Ink or Coating used in Screen Printing indoor and 

outdoor signs (excluding structural components) and murals, including lettering 

enamels, poster colors, copy blockers, and bulletin enamels. 

(94) “Slit Coater” – See Die Coater 

(95) “Solvent” – Any liquid containing a volatile organic compound or combination of 

volatile organic compounds, which is used as a diluent, thinner, dissolver, 

viscosity reducer, cleaning agent, or for other similar uses. 

(96) “Solvent Flushing” – The use of a Solvent to remove uncured Adhesives, uncured 

Inks, uncured Coatings, or contaminants from the internal surfaces and passages 

of equipment by flushing Solvent, by a Non-Atomized Solvent Flow, through the 

equipment. 

(97) “Specialty Flexographic Printing” – A Flexographic Printing on polyethylene or 

polypropylene food packaging, fertilizer bags, or liquid-tight food containers. 

(98) “Specialty Gravure Printing” – Printing that uses the gravure process for 

production of wall and floor covering, decorated household paper products such 

as towels and tissues, cigarette filter tips, vinyl upholstery, woodgrains, and a 

wide variety of other products. 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-11

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(99) “Specialty Ink” – An Ink that is applied only on Non-Porous Substrates in 

Flexographic Printing Operations, and is either: 

(a) A Metallic Ink that contains at least 28 percent elemental metallic powder, 

by weight; or 

(b) A Matte Finish Ink containing at least 5 percent silicon dioxide flattening 

agent, by weight. 

(100) “Stripping” – The use of Solvent to remove material such as Cured Adhesives, 

Cured Inks, cured or dried paint, cured or dried paint residue or temporary 

protective Coating. 

(101) “Substrate Retention Factor” – A fraction, expressed in percent, of VOCs in 

lithographic Inks which is retained in the substrate when the Inks dry by 

adsorption or absorption. 

(102) “Surface Preparation” – The removal of contaminants from a surface prior to the 

application of Coatings, Inks, or Adhesives or before proceeding to the next step 

of a Manufacturing Process. 

(103) “Thermography” – A digital printing technology that creates an image via a 

chemical reaction that occurs when portions of a thermal-coated substrate are 

subjected to heat. Thermographic technologies include but are not limited to 

thermal wax transfer, multi-bit thermal wax transfer, and Dye Sublimation. 

(104) “Thin Film UV Ink” – An Ultraviolet Ink for which <0.2 g will cover an area of 

≥225 cm2 (35 in2), using the following formula:

C = F × A× Dc

Where: 

A = area of substrate in cm2

 (or in2) 

C = amount of Ink added to the substrate in g 

Dc = density of Ink in g/cm3

 (or g/in3) 

F = manufacturer’s recommended film thickness in cm (or in) 

(105) “Thinner” – A Solvent that is used to dilute Coatings or Inks to reduce viscosity, 

color strength, and/or solids, or to modify drying conditions. 

(106) “Ultraviolet (UV) Ink” – An Ink which dries by polymerization reaction by 

ultraviolet or electron beam radiation. 

(107) “USEPA” – The United States Environmental Protection Agency, the 

Administrator of the USEPA and his or her authorized representative. 
1117-12 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(108) “Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)” – Any compound of carbon, excluding 

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, 

and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical 

reactions and those compounds listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s)(1). 

(109) “Wash Primer” – A material used to clean and/or to activate surfaces of paper or 

fabric that contains no more than 5 percent, by weight, solid materials. 

(110) “Waste Solvent Material” – Any Solvent which may contain dirt, oil, metal 

particles, sludge, and/or waste products, or wiping material containing VOCs 

including, but not limited to, paper, cloth, sponge, rag, or cotton swab used in 

Solvent cleaning. 

(111) “Water Slide Decal” – A decal that is Screen Printed onto treated paper stock and 

is removable from the stock by the dissolution of an underlying water- soluble 

Adhesive or similar carrier. 

(112) “Web” – A continuous sheet of substrate. 

(113) “Web Feed” – An automatic system which supplies substrate from a Web. 

(114) “Web Splicing Adhesive” – An Adhesive used to join two continuous rolls of 

substrate materials. 

(115) “Wipe Cleaning” – A Solvent cleaning activity performed by hand rubbing an 

absorbent material such as a rag, paper, sponge, brush, or cotton swab containing 

Solvent. 

(C) Requirements 

(1) Graphic Arts Printing Operation 

(a) An Operator performing a Graphic Arts Operation, not subject to (C)(2), 

(C)(3), (C)(4), and (C)(5), shall not use graphic arts materials containing 

VOC in excess of the limits in Table 1 and Table 2, in accordance with the 

effective date. 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-13

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

Table 1 

VOC Content Limits for Inks, Coatings and Adhesives

Material 

Grams of VOC per liter 

(lb/gal), less water and less 

exempt compounds, as 

applied, effective through 

July 31, 2010 

Grams of VOC per liter 

(lb/gal), less water and 

less Exempt Compounds, 

as applied, effective on 

and after August 1, 2010 

Flexographic Ink 

on Porous 

Substrates 

300 (2.5) 225 (1.88) 

All other Inks 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5) 

Coatings 300 (2.5) 300 (2.5) 

Adhesives 300 (2.5) 150 (1.25) 

Web Splicing 

Adhesives 300 (2.5) 150 (1.25) 

Table 2 

VOC Content Limits for Fountain Solutions 

Fountain Solution Percent VOC by volume, effective on 

and after August 1, 2010 

Heatset Web Offset Lithographic 1.6 

Coldset Web Offset Lithographic 5.0 

Sheet-fed Offset Lithographic with 

maximum sheet size greater than 

11 x 17 inches 

5.0 

All other presses 8.0 

(2) Flexographic Specialty Ink 

(a) An Operator using a Flexographic Printing Operation shall not use a 

Specialty Ink in excess of the VOC limit in Table 3, and shall not use more 

than two (2) gallons of Specialty Inks in a calendar day and 120 gallons of 

Specialty Inks in a calendar year. 
1117-14 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

Table 3 

VOC Content Limits for Flexographic Specialty Ink 

Material 

Grams of VOC per liter (lb/gal), less 

water and less exempt compounds, as 

applied, effective on and after 

August 1, 2010 

Metallic Ink 460 (3.8) 

Matte Finish Ink 535 (4.5) 

Metallic Ink and Matte Finish Ink 

on Flexible Package Printing 383 (3.2) 

(b) On and after August 1, 2010, facilities with the potential to emit or with 

actual emissions of at least 10 tons VOC in any calendar year shall not use 

Specialty Inks with VOC content greater than 300 grams VOC per liter, 

less water and Exempt Compounds, as applied. 

(3) Coldset Web Offset Lithographic Fountain Solution 

(a) On and after August 1, 2010, an Operator performing coldset Web Offset 

Lithographic Printing shall use Fountain Solution that is five percent 

alcohol substitute or less, by weight, and shall have no alcohol in the 

Fountain Solution. 

(4) Screen Printing Operation 

(a) An Operator using a Screen Printing Operation shall not use graphic arts 

materials in excess of the VOC content limits, as applied, in Table 4. 

Table 4 

VOC Content Limits for Screen Printing Inks, Coatings, and Adhesives 

Material 

Grams of VOC per liter (lb/gal), less 

water and less Exempt Compounds on 

and after August 1, 2010 

Inks and Coatings, including 

Extreme Performance, 

Metallic and Sign/Ink 

400 (3.3) 

Adhesives 150 (1.25) 

Resists 600 (5.0) 

(5) Paper, Film, Foil, or Fabric Coating Operations 

(a) An Operator using a Paper, Film, Foil, or Fabric Coating Operation shall 

not use any Coating or Wash Primer in excess of the VOC content limits, 

as applied, in Table 5. 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-15

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

Table 5 

VOC Content Limits of Paper, Film, Foil, or Fabric Coating and Wash Primer

Material 

VOC Content Limit, 

effective through July 31, 

2010 

VOC Content Limit, 

effective on and after 

August 1, 2010 

Coating 

300 gm/liter (2.5 lb/gal) 

of Coating, less water 

and less Exempt 

Compounds 

265 gm/liter (2.2 lb/gal) 

of Coating, less water 

and less Exempt 

Compounds 

Wash Primer 

300 gm/liter (2.5 lb/gal) 

of Coating, less water 

and less Exempt 

Compounds 

265 gm/liter (2.2 lb/gal) 

of Coating, less water 

and less Exempt 

Compounds 

Plastisols __ 20 gm/liter (0.16 lb/gal) 

(b) On and after August 1, 2010, an Operator performing pressure sensitive 

tape and label surface Coating Operations shall not use any VOC content 

materials or combinations of materials that exceed a VOC content of either 

0.20 kg of VOC/kg of solids (0.20 lb VOC/lb of solids), as applied, or an 

additional limit of 0.067 kg VOC/kg of Coating (0.067 lb of VOC/lb of 

Coating), as applied. 

(6) Approved VOC Emission Control System 

(a) Heatset Web Offset Lithographic or Letterpress 

On or after August 1, 2010, an Operator performing Heatset Web Offset 

Lithographic or Letterpress Printing that has greater than 25 tpy potential 

to emit prior to controls shall use an add-on Control Device on the Dryers, 

as follows: 

(i) Heatset Web offset lithographic or letterpress printer Control 

Device installed on or prior to July 31, 2010 shall have an overall 

capture and control efficiency of 90 percent. 

(ii) Heatset Web offset lithographic or letterpress printer Control 

Device installed on or after August 1, 2010 shall have an overall 

capture and control efficiency of 95 percent. 

(b) In lieu of the requirements of Subsection (C)(1), (C)(2), (C)(3), (C)(4) and 

(C)(5), emissions of VOC may be controlled by an emission capture and 

control system, which reduces VOC emissions to the atmosphere, 

provided that: 
1117-16 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(i) The VOC emission control system is approved, in writing, by the 

Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO). 

(ii) During continuous operation, not to exceed 24 hours, the VOC 

emission control system shall have a minimum overall VOC 

capture and control efficiency as specified in Table 6, in 

accordance with the corresponding effective date; 

Table 6 

VOC Emission Control System Overall Capture and Control Efficiency 

Process 

Overall VOC capture 

and control efficiency 

%, by weight, 

effective through July 

31, 2010 

Overall VOC capture 

and control efficiency 

%, by weight, 

effective on and after 

August 1, 2010 

Flexible Package Printing 

(All Technologies) 65% 80% 

Publication Gravure 75% 85% 

Flexographic Printing 

Operations 60% n/a 

Other Printing 

Operations n/a 75% 

Paper, Film, Foil, or 

Fabric Coating 

Operations 

n/a 90% 

(c) The collection system shall vent all drying Oven exhaust to the Control 

Device and shall have one or more inlets for collection of Fugitive 

Emissions; and, 

(d) During any period of operation of a thermal incinerator, combustion 

temperature shall be continuously monitored; and, 

(e) During any period of operation of a catalytic incinerator, exhaust gas 

temperature shall be continuously monitored; and, 

(f) Appropriate permit(s) for the emission capture and control system are 

obtained pursuant to District regulations. 

(g) The VOC emission control system shall reduce VOC emissions, at all 

times, to a level that is not greater than the emissions which would have 

been achieved through the use of compliant materials, compliant 

equipment or compliant work practices in Sections (C)(1), (C)(2), (C)(3), 

(C)(4), (C)(5), and (C)(8). 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-17

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(7) Coating Application Equipment 

 No Operator shall apply Coatings unless Coatings are applied with equipment 

operated according to manufacturer’s specifications, and only by the use of one of 

the following types of Coating Application Equipment: 

(a) Flow Coater; 

(b) Roll Coater; 

(c) Dip Coater; 

(d) Foam Coater; 

(e) Die Coater; 

(f) Hand Application Methods; or 

(g) High-volume, low-pressure (HVLP) spray for air dried Coatings. 

(i) For HVLP spray guns manufactured prior to January 1, 1996, the 

end user shall demonstrate that the gun meets HVLP spray 

equipment standards. Satisfactory proof will be either in the form 

of manufacturer's published technical material or by a 

demonstration using a certified air pressure tip gauge, measuring 

the air atomizing pressure dynamically at the center of the air cap 

and at the air horns. 

(ii) A person shall not sell or offer for sale for use within the District 

any HVLP spray gun without a permanent marking denoting the 

maximum inlet air pressure in psig at which the gun will operate 

within the parameters specified in (B)(46). 

(h) Other Coating application methods which are demonstrated to the APCO 

to be capable of achieving at least 65 percent transfer efficiency as 

determined in accordance with Section (F). Prior written approval from 

the APCO shall be obtained for each alternative method used. 

(i) In lieu of complying with Section (C)(7)(a) through (C)(7)(h), an Operator 

may control emissions from the Coating Application Equipment with a 

VOC emission control system that meets the requirements of Section 

(C)(6). 
1117-18 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(8) Solvent Cleaning 

(a) An Operator shall not use Solvents for cleaning Operations that exceed the 

VOC content limits specified in Table 7 in accordance with the 

corresponding effective date. 

Table 7 

VOC Content Limits for Solvent Cleaning 

Type of Solvent Cleaning Operation 

VOC Content Limit grams 

of VOC/liter of material 

(Lb/gal), effective on and 

after July 1, 2011 

A. Product Cleaning During Manufacturing 

Process; or Surface Preparation for Coating, 

Ink, or Adhesive Application 

25 (0.21) 

B. Repair and Maintenance Cleaning 25 (0.21) 

C. Cleaning of Coating or Adhesive 

Application Equipment 25 (0.21) 

D. Cleaning of Ink Application Equipment 

 1. General 25 (0.21) 

 2. Flexographic Printing 25 (0.21) 

 3. Specialty Flexographic Printing 100 (0.83)

 4. Gravure Printing 

 a. Publication 100 (0.83) 

 b. Packaging 25 (0.21) 

 5. Lithographic (Offset) or Letterpress 

Printing 

 a. Roller Wash - Step 1 100 (0.83) 

 b. Roller Wash - Step 2; Roller Wash - 

not specified; Blanket Wash, and On-Press 

Components 

100 (0.83) 

 c. Removable Press Components 25 (0.21) 

 6. Screen Printing 100 (0.83) 

 7. Ultraviolet Ink/Electron Beam Ink 

Application Equipment (except Screen 

Printing) 

100 (0.83) 

(b) The following cleaning Operations may be performed outside of an 

APCO-approved VOC emission control system and using Solvent with 

VOC content greater than 25 g/L: 

(i) Wipe Cleaning; 

(ii) Application of Solvent from hand-held spray bottles from which 

Solvents are dispensed without a Propellant induced force; 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-19

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(iii) Non-Atomized Solvent Flow method in which the cleaning Solvent 

is collected in a container or a collection system which is closed 

except for Solvent collection openings and, if necessary, openings 

to avoid excessive pressure build-up inside the container; or 

(iv) Solvent Flushing method in which the cleaning Solvent is 

discharged into a container that is closed except for Solvent 

collection openings and, if necessary, openings to avoid excessive 

pressure build-up inside the container. The discharged Solvent 

from the equipment must be collected into containers without 

atomizing into the open air. The Solvent may be flushed through 

the system by air or hydraulic pressure, or by pumping. 

(c) Solvent shall not be atomized into the open air unless it is vented to a 

VOC emission control system that complies with Section (C)(6). This 

provision shall not apply to printing Operations where the roller or Blanket 

Wash is applied automatically and the cleaning of nozzle tips of automated 

spray equipment systems, except for robotic systems, and cleaning with 

spray bottles or containers described in Section (C)(8)(b)(ii). 

(d) An Operator shall not use VOC-containing materials to clean spray 

equipment used for the application of Coatings, Adhesives, or Ink, unless 

an enclosed system or equipment that is proven to be equally effective at 

controlling emissions is used for cleaning. If an enclosed system is used, it 

must totally enclose spray guns, cups, nozzles, bowls, and other parts 

during washing, rinsing and draining procedures, and it must be used 

according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and must be closed 

when not in use. 

(e) In lieu of complying with the provisions of Sections (C)(8)(a) through 

(C)(8)(d), an Operator may control emissions from cleaning Operations 

with an APCO-approved VOC emission control system that meets the 

requirements of Section (C)(6). 

(9) An Operator shall store or dispose of fresh or spent Solvents, Waste Solvent 

Materials, Coatings, Adhesives, catalysts, Thinners, and Ink in Non-Absorbent, 

Non-Leaking Containers, which shall be kept closed except when adding or 

removing material, during cleaning Operations, or when the container is empty. 

(10) VOC material wastes (including but not limited to liquid wastes, rags, and 

packaging) shall be disposed of in a manner consistent with Federal, State, and 

local hazardous waste regulations. 

(11) The manufacturer of any Ink, Coating, or Adhesive, except Thin Film UV Ink, 

which is sold, offered for sale, or supplied for use in Packaging Gravure, 

Publication Gravure, or Flexographic Printing Operations in the District shall 
1117-20 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

include the following information on the product container or Material Safety 

Data Sheet (MSDS) supplied with the product: 

(a) Material name, manufacturer identification, specific mixing instructions, 

density, and VOC content, as applied. 

(b) The VOC content of Inks (except Thin Film UV Ink), Coatings, and 

Adhesives expressed as defined in Subsection (B)(39). 

(12) Work Practices 

(a) An Operator shall properly use and properly operate all graphic arts 

printing technologies as directed and/or specified by the manufacturer of 

the printer or graphic arts material. 

(b) Solvent containers and mixing tanks must be kept closed or covered 

except when filling, draining, or conducting cleaning operations. 

(c) Used shop towels, rags and wipes shall be kept in closed containers. 

(d) Spray guns shall be cleaned in an enclosed system. 

(e) Recycled solvents shall be used for cleaning if available and practical. 

(f) Cleaning materials shall be conveyed from one location to another in 

closed containers or pipes. 

(D) Exemptions 

(1) The requirements of this rule, except for the recordkeeping requirements of 

Section (E)(6), shall not apply to the following Operations except for Paper, Film, 

Foil, or Fabric Coating Operations: 

(a) Effective through July 31, 2010, any Graphic Arts Printing Operation 

which emits less than 400 pounds of VOC per calendar month. 

(b) On or after August 1, 2010, any Graphic Arts Printing Operation that emits 

less than 200 pounds of VOC per 12 rolling consecutive calendar months. 

(2) The requirements of this rule shall not apply to: 

(a) Proof Presses; 

(b) The application of Coatings and use of cleaning Solvents in creating Fine 

Art Paintings; 

(c) Stripping of Cured Coatings, Cured Adhesives, and Cured Inks, except the 

Stripping of such materials from spray Application Equipment; 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-21

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(d) Cleaning Operations in printing pre-press or graphic arts pre-press areas, 

including the cleaning of film processors, color scanners, plate processors, 

films, and plates. 

(e) Blanket Repair Materials used in containers of four (4) fluid ounces or 

less. 

(f) Digital Printers and Digital Printing Operations except for recordkeeping 

requirements in Section (E)(5). 

(g) Screen Printing of Waterslide Decals. 

(3) The provisions of Section (C) shall not apply to the application of Adhesives and 

Coatings via Aerosol Products. 

(4) This rule shall not apply to laboratory tests or analyses, Bench Scale, or Research 

and Development Projects. 

(5) This rule shall not limit the VOC content of Thin Film UV Inks. 

(6) Cleaning materials with a VOC composite vapor pressure less than 8 mm Hg at 

20o C are exempt from Section (C)(8)(a) of this rule. 

(E) Monitoring and Records 

Unless otherwise noted, all VOC content and density values recorded pursuant to the 

requirements of this rule shall be for the material as applied. Graphic Arts and Paper, 

Film, Foil and Fabric Coating Operations subject to this rule shall maintain the following 

records and information: 

(1) For each Ink, Coating, and Adhesive, Fountain Solution, Wash Primer, and 

Solvent in use and in storage: 

(a) A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or product data sheet giving 

material name, manufacturer identification, specific mixing instructions, 

and density; and 

(b) VOC content as applied. 

(2) Compliant Materials Records 

If only Inks, Coatings, and Adhesives meeting the specification found in 

Subsection (C) are used: 
1117-22 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(a) Records on a daily basis showing the amount of Ink used. Ink use records 

shall be maintained using one of the following options: 

(i) Group the quantity of all Inks used and identify the maximum 

VOC content figure and use the minimum density of 1,010 gm/liter 

(8.44 lb/gal) ; 

(ii) Itemize Process Inks and Pantone Inks separately and use the 

specific VOC content and density value for each Process Ink, and 

the highest VOC content and the maximum density of 1,010 

gm/liter (8.44 lb/gal) for Pantone Inks; 

(iii) Report Process Inks and Pantone Inks separately and use the 

maximum VOC content and minimum density value for both 

process and Pantone Inks, or use the density of 1,010 gm/liter (8.44 

lb/gal) for Pantone Inks; or 

(iv) Itemize each Ink and Pantone Ink and use the specific VOC content 

and density value for each. 

(b) Records on a daily basis showing the amount of Coating, Adhesive, Wash 

Primer, and Solvent (including cleaning Solvent) used. Itemize each 

Coating, Adhesive, Wash Primer, and Solvent and use the specific VOC 

content and density value for each. 

(c) Record, on a daily basis, the type, amount, and percent VOC by volume of 

Fountain Solution used. 

(3) Non-Compliant Materials Records 

If Inks, Coatings, Adhesives, Fountain Solutions, Wash Primers, and Solvents 

(including non-compliant cleaning Solvent) which do not meet the specifications 

found in Subsection (C) are used and compliance is achieved through the use of 

add-on emission control equipment pursuant to (C)(6): 

(a) Records on a daily basis showing the type and amount of Inks, Coatings, 

Adhesives, Fountain Solutions, Wash Primers, and Solvents (including 

non-compliant cleaning Solvent) used and itemized using the specific 

VOC content and density value for each. 

(b) Daily records of Key System Operating Parameters which will 

demonstrate continuous Operation and compliance of the emission Control 

Device during periods of emission producing activities. Key System 

Operating Parameters are those necessary to ensure compliance with VOC 

capture and control requirements pursuant to (C)(6) (including but not 

limited to temperatures, pressures, and flow rates). Such records shall be 

kept in the form and manner as prescribed by the APCO. 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-23

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(4) Records for Flexographic Specialty Inks 

If flexographic Specialty Inks are used pursuant to Section (C)(2), record, on a 

daily basis, the type and amount of each Specialty Ink used. 

(5) Digital Printing Records 

(a) On or after August 1, 2010, Digital Printing Operations shall keep records 

in accordance with (E)(5)(b) for each Digital Printer that: 

(i) Uses Solvent-based Inks and has a print capacity of 1,000 ft

2

/hr or 

more; or 

(ii) Uses water-based Inks, or UV Inks and has a print capacity of 

10,000 ft

2

/hr or more, 

(b) Operators with printers Subject to Section (E)(5)(a) shall keep the 

following records: 

(i) A current file of Inks, Coatings, Adhesives, and Solvents in use 

and in storage. The file shall include a MSDS or product data 

sheet showing the material name, manufacturer's name, VOC 

content as applied, specific mixing instructions, and density. 

(ii) Monthly records of the type, and amount of each Ink, Coating, 

and/or Adhesive used. 

(iii) Monthly records of the type, and amount of Solvent used for 

thinning the Ink, Coating, or Adhesive, and for cleaning. 

(6) If the facility is claiming exempt status pursuant to Subsection (D), the facility 

shall maintain adequate records on a monthly basis to demonstrate the exempt 

status. The Operator who becomes subject to the emission limits/standards of this 

rule through loss of exemption in Section (D) shall not operate the subject 

equipment, except as required for obtaining a new or modified Permit-to-Operate, 

until the Operator demonstrates that the Operation is in full compliance with the 

requirements of this rule. 

(7) Any record required or produced pursuant to this rule shall be retained on site for 

a minimum of five years and shall be made available to the APCO, CARB, or 

USEPA upon request. 

(8) Determination of VOC Emissions from Inks Used in a Lithographic Printing 

Operation 

For the purposes of determining compliance with emissions limits, and 

determining eligibility for exemption under Section (D)(1) of this rule, the amount 

of VOC emitted from Heatset and Non-Heatset Inks used shall be discounted by 
1117-24 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

the following Substrate Retention Factors: 20 percent for Heatset Inks and 95 

percent for Non-Heatset Inks. These Substrate Retention Factors shall not be used 

when determining compliance of Inks with applicable VOC content limits 

specified in this rule, and Heatset and Non-Heatset lithographic Inks shall meet 

the VOC content limits specified in Section (C)(1), Table 1. 

(F) Test Methods 

The VOC content of materials subject to the provisions of this rule and overall capture 

and control efficiency of VOC emission control systems shall be determined by the 

following test methods specified in Sections (F)(1) through (F)(7), or alternative test 

methods approved by the APCO, USEPA, and CARB. 

(1) Except for UV Inks, the VOC content of Inks, Adhesives, Fountain Solutions, 

Solvents and Coatings shall be determined by using EPA Method 24 or 24A as 

applicable. The VOC content of UV Inks, except for Thin Film UV Inks, shall be 

determined by using American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5403-

93 (2007) (Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials). 

(2) Exempt Compound Content: Exempt compound content shall be determined by 

using ARB Method 432, “Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-

Trichlorethane in Paints and Coatings,” September 12, 1989; ARB Method 422 

“Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Emission from Stationary 

Sources,” January 22, 1987; or, South Coast Air Quality Management District 

(SCAQMD) Method 303-91 “Determination of Exempt Compounds,” August 1, 

1996. 

(3) The content of silicon dioxide as a flattening agent in a Matte Finish Ink shall be 

determined by using the latest EPA approved revision of ASTM D717-86 

(Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Magnesium Silicate Pigment). 

(4) The metal content of Metallic Inks shall be determined by SCAQMD Test Method 

318, (Determination of Weight Percent Elemental Metal In Coatings by X-Ray 

Diffraction). 

(5) Determination of emissions of VOC from spray gun cleaning systems shall be 

made using SCAQMD method "General Test Method for Determining Solvent 

Losses from Spray Gun Cleaning Systems," October 3, 1989. 

(6) The transfer efficiency of alternative Coating application methods shall be 

determined in accordance with the SCAQMD method “Spray Equipment Transfer 

Efficiency Test Procedure for Equipment User,” May 24, 1989. 

(7) Determination of Overall Capture and Control Efficiency of VOC Emission 

Control Systems 
MDAQMD Rule 1117 1117-25

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

(a) The Capture Efficiency of a VOC emission control system’s collection 

device(s) shall be determined according to EPA’s “Guidelines for 

Determining Capture Efficiency,” January 9, 1995 and 40 CFR 51, 

Appendix M, Test Methods 204-204F, as applicable. 

(b) The control efficiency of a VOC emission control system’s VOC Control 

Device(s) shall be determined using EPA Test Methods 2, 2A, or 2D for 

measuring flow rates and EPA Test Methods 25, 25A, or 25B for 

measuring total gaseous organic concentrations at the inlet and outlet of 

the Control Device(s). EPA Method 18 or ARB Method 422 shall be used 

to determine the emissions of Exempt Compounds. 

(c) For VOC emission control systems that consist of a single VOC emission 

collection device connected to a single VOC emission Control Device, the 

overall capture and control efficiency shall be calculated by using the 

following equation: 

[ ]/ 100 CECapture ,Control = CECapture ×CEControl

Where: 

CE

Capture,Control 

= Overall Capture and Control Efficiency, in percent 

CE

Capture 

= Capture Efficiency of the collection device, in 

percent, as determined in Section (F)(7)(a) 

CE

Control 

= Control Efficiency of the Control Device, in 

percent, as determined in Section (F)(7)(b). 

(d) The following equation shall be used to determine if the minimum 

required overall capture and control efficiency of an emission control 

system is at an equivalent or greater level of VOC reduction as would be 

achieved using compliant materials, equipment, or work practices, as 

stated in Section (C)(6)(g). 

100

1

1

1

,

,

,

×





























































−













−

= − ×

c

LWC

n Max

LWn Max

LWn Max

LWc

D

VOC

D

VOC

VOC

VOC

CE
1117-26 MDAQMD Rule 1117

Graphic Arts and Paper, Film, Foil and Fabric Coatings 

Where: 

CE = Minimum Required Overall Capture and Control 

Efficiency, percent 

VOC

LWc 

= VOC Limit, less water and less Exempt Compounds 

VOC

LWn,Max 

= Maximum VOC content of noncompliant Ink (or 

Coating or Adhesive) used in conjunction with a 

Control Device, less water and less Exempt 

Compounds 

D

n,Max 

= Density of Solvent, reducer, or Thinner contained in 

the noncompliant Ink (or Coating or Adhesive), 

containing the maximum VOC content of the multicomponent Ink (or Coating, or Adhesive) printing 

Line 

Dc = Density of corresponding Solvent, reducer, or 

Thinner used in the compliant Ink (or Coating, or 

Adhesive) system = 880 gm/liter. 

(8) When one or more test method or set of test methods are specified for any testing, 

a violation of any requirement of this rule established by any one of the specified 

test methods or set of test methods shall constitute a violation of the rule. 

[SIP: Submitted as amended mm/dd/yy on mm/dd/yy; Approved: 4/30/96, 61 FR 18962, 40 CFR 

52.220(c)(198)(I)(E)(2)]