II 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 3199 

To promote peace and democracy in Ethiopia, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

NOVEMBER 4, 2021 

Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. RISCH, and Mr. COONS) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

A BILL 

To promote peace and democracy in Ethiopia, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ethiopia Peace and 

5 Democracy Promotion Act of 2021’’. 

6 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

7 In this Act: 

8 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT9 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com10 mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations 


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1 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

2 of the House of Representatives. 

3 (2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

4 the Secretary of State. 

5 SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 

6 Congress makes the following findings: 

7 (1) The United States and the Federal Demo8 cratic Republic of Ethiopia share an important rela9 tionship and more than a century of diplomatic rela10 tions. 

11 (2) Ethiopia is the second most populous coun12 try in Africa and plays a key role in advancing secu13 rity and stability across sub-Saharan Africa, includ14 ing as a top contributor of uniformed personnel to 

15 United Nations peacekeeping missions and as host 

16 country to the African Union. 

17 (3) Amid proliferating popular protests in 

18 2018, against decades of authoritarian rule, Ethio19 pia’s governing Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary 

20 Democratic Front (EPRDF) selected Abiy Ahmed 

21 as Prime Minister, who upon taking office embarked 

22 on a program of political and economic reform that 

23 was soon encumbered by widespread inter-communal 

24 conflict, political assassinations, and democratic 

25 backsliding. 


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1 (4) Tensions between Prime Minister Abiy 

2 Ahmed and the leadership of the Tigray People’s 

3 Liberation Front (TPLF), who, until 2019, were 

4 EPRDF coalition partners, deteriorated significantly 

5 throughout 2019–2020, with the EPRDF’s trans6 formation into the Prosperity Party (PP), the Fed7 eral Government of Ethiopia’s postponement of the 

8 2020 elections, and the TPLF’s decision to hold 

9 elections in Tigray Regional State of Ethiopia de10 spite Federal objections, all serving as major cata11 lysts. 

12 (5) In the early hours of November 4, 2020, 

13 Prime Minister Abiy ordered a military offensive in 

14 response to an attack by the TPLF on the Northern 

15 Command of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces 

16 (ENDF), which TPLF officials have asserted was 

17 an act of self-defense in the face of an imminent in18 vasion by Federal forces. 

19 (6) Throughout November 2020, hostilities be20 tween the ENDF and forces loyal to the TPLF 

21 evolved into a large-scale armed conflict that also in22 volved the Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF) and Am23 hara regional forces and militia fighting in support 

24 of the Federal Government. 


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1 (7) Despite repeated calls from the United 

2 States and its international partners for a full and 

3 verifiable Eritrean withdrawal from Ethiopia, which 

4 date back to November 2020, Eritrean forces remain 

5 in Ethiopia. 

6 (8) Fighting between TPLF aligned forces and 

7 the ENDF and its allies persists in parts of Tigray, 

8 and has spread to Amhara and Afar, and is esti9 mated to have resulted in the deaths of tens of thou10 sands of individuals, prompted more than 61,000 

11 Ethiopians to seek refuge in Sudan, and internally 

12 displaced over 2,000,000. 

13 (9) The war has disrupted harvests, livelihoods, 

14 markets, and banking, and critical public infrastruc15 ture was systematically looted and destroyed during 

16 the course of the conflict, including health centers 

17 and schools, with the majority of the reports impli18 cating the ENDF, the EDF, and allied militia. Sup19 ply chains and food were allegedly looted by ENDF, 

20 EDF, and allied militia, which collectively contrib21 uted to conditions that have resulted in 400,000– 

22 900,000 Ethiopians living in famine-like conditions 

23 and a further 1,800,000 close to that threshold, ac24 cording to an analysis issued in June 2021. 


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1 (10) Interruptions in electricity, internet, and 

2 telephone services imposed by the Federal Govern3 ment of Ethiopia continue to hamper humanitarian 

4 relief efforts and enable impunity from armed actors 

5 on all sides of the conflict by restricting the flow of 

6 information about human rights and humanitarian 

7 conditions in the region. 

8 (11) Despite repeated assurances from the Fed9 eral Government of Ethiopia that it would allow un10 fettered humanitarian access to Tigray, it continues 

11 to impose wide-ranging bureaucratic obstacles that 

12 impede the relief efforts of international humani13 tarian organizations, and encourage and deploy hos14 tile rhetoric toward international humanitarian orga15 nizations that endanger the safety and security of 

16 their staff on the ground. 

17 (12) Twenty-three aid workers have been killed 

18 in the course of the conflict in northern Ethiopia, in19 cluding an aid worker employed by a United States 

20 Agency for International Development implementing 

21 partner, who was reportedly executed by Ethiopian 

22 and Eritrean forces in May 2021, and 3 Doctors 

23 Without Borders employees in June 2021, by un24 known armed actors. 


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1 (13) Parties to the conflict in northern Ethiopia 

2 have been accused of extra-judicial killings, rape, 

3 and ethnic cleansing that may amount to war 

4 crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. 

5 (14) Two Eritrean refugee camps in Tigray, 

6 Shimelba and Hitsats, were attacked and destroyed 

7 by armed actors in November 2020 through January 

8 2021, and refugees subjected to killings, abductions, 

9 and forced returns. 

10 (15) As of October 31, 2021, total United 

11 States Government humanitarian assistance in fiscal 

12 years 2020 and 2021 for the northern Ethiopia cri13 sis response totaled $617,387,662, making it the 

14 single largest donor of humanitarian aid to the hu15 manitarian crisis in northern Ethiopia since the con16 flict began. 

17 (16) In July 2021, TPLF aligned forces 

18 launched military operations into some occupied por19 tions neighboring Amhara and Afar regions, dis20 placing hundreds of thousands of Amhara and Afar 

21 civilians, and giving rise to allegations of serious 

22 abuses by Tigrayan forces against civilians in those 

23 two regions, as well as against Eritrean refugees re24 siding in the Mai Aini and Adi Harush camps. 


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1 (17) The TPLF’s July 2021 offensive was fol2 lowed by reports of escalating abuses against 

3 Tigrayan civilians in various parts of Ethiopia and 

4 the alleged killing of Tigrayans in Humera, all of 

5 which occur within a context of incendiary and 

6 ethnicized public statements from Ethiopian officials 

7 and media platforms. 

8 (18) The Federal Government of Ethiopia re9 sponded to TPLF offensives in July through August 

10 2021 by pursuing mass military mobilization, includ11 ing the mobilization of regional special forces and 

12 ethnic militia from various parts of the country, in 

13 an effort to thwart and roll back TPLF operations. 

14 (19) In August 2021, officials from the TPLF 

15 and Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), a rebel group 

16 engaged in armed struggle primarily in the Oromia 

17 region, publicly confirmed they had entered an alli18 ance designed to coordinate their military operations 

19 against the Federal Government of Ethiopia, devel20 opments which occurred against the backdrop of 

21 TPLF advances in Amhara region and increased 

22 OLA activity in Oromia. 

23 (20) In September 2021, the Federal Govern24 ment of Ethiopia announced it was expelling seven 

25 senior United Nations officials, and in October 2021 


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1 commenced an air offensive on the Tigrayan capital, 

2 Mekele, which has further exacerbated the inability 

3 of international aid organizations to deliver food. 

4 (21) In October, state-owned Ethiopia Tele5 vision reported that Prime Minister Abiy stated that, 

6 ‘‘[i]f we make sure that this thing called wheat [food 

7 aid] does not enter Ethiopia, 70 per cent of Ethio8 pia’s problems will be solved,’’ implying that he may 

9 stop the delivery of international food aid altogether. 

10 (22) In October 2021, a United Nations Hu11 manitarian Air Services flight that had been cleared 

12 by Federal authorities to land in Mekelle to deliver 

13 food aid was forced to abort landing due to air raids, 

14 threatening the lives of 11 United Nations and non15 governmental staff on board. 

16 (23) In the wake of military advances by the 

17 Tigray Defense Forces in late October 2021, Prime 

18 Minister Abiy urged citizens to take up arms to de19 fend themselves, and on November 2, 2021, Ethiopia 

20 declared a 6-month state of emergency. 

21 (24) On November 3, 2021, the Office of the 

22 High Commissioner for Human Rights released the 

23 Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations of Inter24 national Human Rights, Humanitarian and Refugee 

25 Law Committed by all Parties to the Conflict in the 


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1 Tigray Region of the Federal Democratic Republic 

2 of Ethiopia, which found that ‘‘attacks on civilians 

3 and civilian objects, as well as indiscriminate attacks 

4 by ENDF, EDF, and TSF Tigray Special Forces] 

5 in violation of international humanitarian law . . . 

6 may amount to war crimes,’’ and that ‘‘these groups 

7 and affiliated militia committed acts in violation of 

8 international human rights law and international hu9 manitarian law’’. 

10 (25) The escalating conflict between the Fed11 eral Government of Ethiopia and its allies and the 

12 TPLF and OLA occurs in the context of a broader 

13 deterioration of political conditions across the coun14 try, including persistent inter-communal violence, ex15 panding repression against journalists, opposition 

16 parties, and dissident voices, and highly contentious 

17 national elections conducted in June to July 2021 

18 that did not meet internationally accepted standards. 

19 (26) Ethiopia’s crisis is nested within a complex 

20 regional environment, the most important dimen21 sions of which are three-way tensions between Ethi22 opia, Egypt, and Sudan over the Grand Ethiopian 

23 Renaissance Dam border tensions between Sudan 

24 and Ethiopia over Al Fashaga, Eritrea’s muscular 

25 regional engagement, and increasing geopolitical 


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1 competition in the Horn of Africa that involves the 

2 Gulf, Turkey, Iran, Russia, and the People’s Repub3 lic of China. 

4 (27) Working in conjunction with its inter5 national partners, the United States has consistently 

6 called for a political solution to the crisis, unfettered 

7 humanitarian access, an end to human rights viola8 tions, full accountability for all atrocities committed 

9 during the course of hostilities, and a broader all-in10 clusive national dialogue, and has taken a number of 

11 actions to encourage and incentivize a peaceful reso12 lution to the conflict in Ethiopia, including reduc13 tions in development and security assistance, visa 

14 sanctions, and high-level diplomatic engagement. 

15 (28) On September 17, 2021, President Joseph 

16 R. Biden signed Executive Order No. 14046 ‘‘Im17 posing Sanctions on Certain Persons With Respect 

18 to the Humanitarian and Human Rights Crisis in 

19 Ethiopia,’’ which authorizes the United States to 

20 target parties responsible for or complicit in actions 

21 or policies that prolong the conflict in northern Ethi22 opia, and those that commit human rights abuses, or 

23 obstruct humanitarian access and a ceasefire with 

24 respect to the conflict. 


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1 (29) The Federal Government of Ethiopia has 

2 rejected all offers to facilitate a diplomatic solution 

3 to the conflict, including those extended by African 

4 Union Chairman Cyril Ramaphosa in November 

5 2020, and Intergovernmental Authorities on Devel6 opment (IGAD) Chairman Abdalla Hamdok in Au7 gust 2021, to mediate talks with the TPLF. 

8 SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

9 It is the policy of the United States to support a 

10 peaceful, democratic unified Ethiopia, and to use all diplo11 matic, development, and legal tools to support an end to 

12 the conflict that began in northern Ethiopia, an end to 

13 violence throughout Ethiopia, the promotion of an all-in14 clusive national dialogue, and the advancement of the 

15 human, civil, and political rights of all Ethiopians. 

16 SEC. 5. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN 

17 ETHIOPIA. 

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation 

19 with the Administrator of the United States Agency for 

20 International Development, shall develop and implement 

21 a strategy for supporting democracy and human rights in 

22 Ethiopia that includes a description and justification of— 

23 (1) plans to support civil society efforts related 

24 to expanding citizen participation and political 

25 space; 


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1 (2) plans to support all-inclusive national dia2 logue in Ethiopia; 

3 (3) plans to support justice and accountability 

4 mechanisms for abuses and atrocities committed in 

5 the course of the conflict; 

6 (4) plans to combat hate speech and 

7 disinformation in Ethiopia; 

8 (5) current and planned democracy and govern9 ance support to government institutions in Ethiopia; 

10 and 

11 (6)(A) results of the most recent impact evalua12 tion of these activities; and 

13 (B) plans for applying lessons learned from 

14 such evaluations. 

15 (b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not less than 180 days 

16 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

17 shall submit the strategy required in subsection (a) to the 

18 appropriate congressional committees. 

19 SEC. 6. SUPPORT FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION, MITIGA20 TION AND MANAGEMENT, AND RECONCILI21 ATION. 

22 (a) CONFLICT RESOLUTION.—The President is au23 thorized to provide financial, technical, and diplomatic 

24 support for— 


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1 (1) efforts by the African Union or other cred2 ible entities engaged in efforts to help bring about 

3 a peaceful resolution to the conflict in northern 

4 Ethiopia; and 

5 (2) efforts by civil society, especially those from 

6 marginalized communities, women, and youth, to 

7 participate and engage in peacebuilding, mediation, 

8 and community reconciliation. 

9 (b) CONFLICT MITIGATION AND RECONCILIATION.— 

10 The Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter11 national Development shall develop and implement a strat12 egy, coordinated with the Secretary as relevant, to support 

13 conflict mitigation and management, and reconciliation 

14 and trauma healing for conflict affected groups in Ethi15 opia that includes— 

16 (1) an analysis of the drivers of conflict in 

17 Ethiopia; 

18 (2) a comprehensive plan to mitigate and man19 age conflict; 

20 (3) an emphasis on community-led grass roots 

21 reconciliation; 

22 (4) specific steps the Agency will take to ensure 

23 the participation of traditionally marginalized com24 munities and ethnic groups, women, and youth; 


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1 (5) plans to ensure that all assistance programs 

2 that are directly aimed at benefitting the Ethiopian 

3 people or building the capacity of civil society to in4 corporate, to the extent practicable, community5 based conflict mitigation and management, violence 

6 prevention, peacebuilding interventions, reconcili7 ation activities, psychosocial support, and trauma 

8 healing; 

9 (6) a clear statement of— 

10 (A) the goals and expected outcomes of the 

11 strategy; and 

12 (B) the means through which progress to13 wards those goals will be met including through 

14 regular rigorous evaluations; and 

15 (7) plans for updating and revising the current 

16 Country Development Cooperation Strategy to in17 clude elements of the strategy required under this 

18 subsection. 

19 (c) SUBMISSION.—The strategy required under sub20 section (b) shall be submitted to the appropriate congres21 sional committees not later than 90 days after the date 

22 of the enactment of this Act. 


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1 SEC. 7. ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF PEACE AND STABILITY IN 

2 ETHIOPIA. 

3 (a) SANCTIONS FOR ACTIONS UNDERMINING TRAN4 SITION TO DEMOCRACY.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose 

6 the sanctions described in paragraph (2) with re7 spect to any foreign person that the President deter8 mines— 

9 (A) undermines efforts with respect to a 

10 peaceful negotiated settlement to end hostilities 

11 in northern Ethiopia; 

12 (B) through business dealings with senior 

13 leadership of the Government of Ethiopia or the 

14 Government of Eritrea, the Tigray People’s 

15 Liberation Front, or other parties to the con16 flict in and around northern Ethiopia, derives 

17 significant financial benefit or political power 

18 from policies or actions, including electoral 

19 fraud, human rights abuses, or corruption, that 

20 contribute to the conflict or impede a transition 

21 to democracy in Ethiopia; 

22 (C) provides to any party involved in hos23 tilities in Ethiopia— 

24 (i) weapon systems, such as firearms, 

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1 tems or helicopters, battle tanks, armored 

2 combat vehicles, or munitions for such 

3 tanks and vehicles, missiles or missile sys4 tems; armed vehicles; or 

5 (ii) support for such systems, such as 

6 ammunition, spare parts, pilots or other 

7 operators; or 

8 (D) knowingly facilitates or finances the 

9 sale, operation, or transfer of weapons to any 

10 party involved in hostilities in Ethiopia. 

11 (2) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions to 

12 be imposed under paragraph (1) with respect to a 

13 foreign person are the following: 

14 (A) PROPERTY BLOCKING.—The exercise 

15 of all powers granted to the President by the 

16 International Emergency Economic Powers Act 

17 (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent nec18 essary to block and prohibit all transactions in 

19 all property and interests in property of the for20 eign person if such property and interests in 

21 property are in the United States, come within 

22 the United States, or are or come within the 

23 possession or control of a United States person. 

24 (B) ALIENS INADMISSIBLE FOR VISAS, AD25 MISSION, OR PAROLE.— 


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1 (i) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.— 

2 An alien described in paragraph (1) is— 

3 (I) inadmissible to the United 

4 States; 

5 (II) ineligible to receive a visa or 

6 other documentation to enter the 

7 United States; and 

8 (III) otherwise ineligible to be 

9 admitted or paroled into the United 

10 States or to receive any other benefit 

11 under the Immigration and Nation12 ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). 

13 (ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 

14 (I) IN GENERAL.—The visa or 

15 other entry documentation of an alien 

16 described in paragraph (1) shall be re17 voked, regardless of when such visa or 

18 other entry documentation is or was 

19 issued. 

20 (II) IMMEDIATE EFFECT.—A rev21 ocation under subclause (I) shall— 

22 (aa) take effect immediately; 

23 and 

24 (bb) automatically cancel 

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1 umentation that is in the alien’s 

2 possession. 

3 (3) EXCEPTIONS.— 

4 (A) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTA5 TION OF GOODS.— 

6 (i) IN GENERAL.—The authority or a 

7 requirement to impose sanctions under this 

8 section shall not include the authority or a 

9 requirement to impose sanctions on the im10 portation of goods. 

11 (ii) GOOD DEFINED.—In this subpara12 graph, the term ‘‘good’’ means any article, 

13 natural or manmade substance, material, 

14 supply, or manufactured product, including 

15 inspection and test equipment, and exclud16 ing technical data. 

17 (B) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED

18 NATIONS HEADQUARTERS AGREEMENT AND

19 LAW ENFORCEMENT OBJECTIVES.—Sanctions 

20 under paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply to an 

21 alien if admitting the alien into the United 

22 States— 

23 (i) is necessary to permit the United 

24 States to comply with the Agreement re25 garding the Headquarters of the United 


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1 Nations, signed at Lake Success on June 

2 26, 1947, and entered into force November 

3 21, 1947, between the United Nations and 

4 the United States, or other applicable 

5 international obligations of the United 

6 States; or 

7 (ii) would further important law en8 forcement objectives. 

9 (4) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 

10 (A) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President 

11 may exercise all authorities provided under sec12 tions 203 and 205 of the International Emer13 gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 

14 and 1704) to carry out this subsection. 

15 (B) PENALTIES RELATING TO PROPERTY

16 BLOCKING.—A person that violates, attempts to 

17 violate, conspires to violate, or causes a viola18 tion of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) or 

19 any regulation, license, or order issued to carry 

20 out either such subparagraph shall be subject to 

21 the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) 

22 of section 206 of the International Emergency 

23 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the 

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1 lawful act described in subsection (a) of that 

2 section. 

3 (5) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

4 (A) ADMISSION; ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The 

5 terms ‘‘admission’’, ‘‘admitted’’, and ‘‘alien’’ 

6 have the meanings given those terms in section 

7 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 

8 U.S.C. 1101). 

9 (B) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign 

10 person’’ means a person that is not a United 

11 States person. 

12 (C) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, 

13 with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a 

14 result, means that a person has actual knowl15 edge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 

16 circumstance, or the result. 

17 (D) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term 

18 ‘‘United States person’’ means— 

19 (i) a United States citizen, an alien 

20 lawfully admitted for permanent residence 

21 to the United States, or any other indi22 vidual subject to the jurisdiction of the 

23 United States; or 

24 (ii) an entity organized under the laws 

25 of the United States or of any jurisdiction 


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1 within the United States, including a for2 eign branch of such entity. 

3 (b) LIMITATIONS ON EXPORT OF DEFENSE AND

4 DUAL-USE ITEMS TO ETHIOPIA AND ERITREA.— 

5 (1) DUAL-USE ITEMS.—A license shall be re6 quired under section 1754(c)(1)(A) of the Export 

7 Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 

8 4813(c)(1)(A)) for the export, reexport, or in-coun9 try transfer to Ethiopia or Eritrea of items de10 scribed in clause (ii) of that section. 

11 (2) DEFENSE ITEMS.—No license may be 

12 issued for the export to Ethiopia or Eritrea of any 

13 item on the United States Munitions List under sec14 tion 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

15 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)) on January 1, 2016. 

16 (c) PROHIBITION AND SUSPENSION OF CERTAIN AS17 SISTANCE TO ETHIOPIA.— 

18 (1) SUPPORT BY UNITED STATES INTER19 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.— 

20 The United States International Development Fi21 nance Corporation may not provide support under 

22 title II of the Better Utilization of Investments 

23 Leading to Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 

24 9621 et seq.) for projects in Ethiopia. 


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1 (2) TERMINATION.—The prohibition under 

2 paragraph (1) shall not apply on or after the date 

3 that is 30 days after the Secretary of State deter4 mines and certifies to the appropriate congressional 

5 committees that the Government of Ethiopia and its 

6 proxies and allies have— 

7 (A) ceased all offensive military operations 

8 in northern Ethiopia; 

9 (B) taken steps toward a genuine political 

10 dialogue to achieve an end to the conflict; 

11 (C) implemented measures to better pro12 tect human rights and ensure adherence to 

13 international humanitarian law and inter14 national human rights law; 

15 (D) continuously allowed unfettered hu16 manitarian access; and 

17 (E) cooperated with independent investiga18 tions of credible allegations of war crimes, 

19 crimes against humanity, and other human 

20 rights abuses carried out in the course of hos21 tilities. 

22 (d) MULTILATERAL SANCTIONS.—The Secretary, in 

23 consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the 

24 Secretary of Commerce, as appropriate, should engage 

25 with members of the United Nations Security Council, the 


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1 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the European Union, 

2 the African Union, and any other relevant actors to 

3 achieve a coordinated imposition of multilateral sanctions 

4 and export controls on persons described in subsection 

5 (a)(1). 

6 SEC. 8. SECURITY ASSISTANCE. 

7 (a) SUSPENSION OF ASSISTANCE.—All security as8 sistance being provided to the Government of Ethiopia by 

9 the United States Government shall immediately be sus10 pended until such time as the Secretary reports to the ap11 propriate congressional committees that hostilities in 

12 northern Ethiopia and related conflicts have ended, and 

13 the parties to the conflict are engaged in good faith efforts 

14 to reach a comprehensive peace agreement. 

15 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 15 days after the date 

16 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide 

17 to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehen18 sive list of all assistance halted in compliance with sub19 section (a) as of the date of the enactment of this Act. 


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1 SEC. 9. ASSISTANCE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FED2 ERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA 

3 PROVIDED THROUGH INTERNATIONAL FI4 NANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 

5 (a) RESTRICTIONS.—The Secretary of the Treasury 

6 shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the 

7 international financial institutions— 

8 (1) to use the voice and vote of the United 

9 States in those institutions to oppose any loan or ex10 tension of financial or technical assistance to the 

11 Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea; and 

12 (2) to work with other key donor countries to 

13 develop a coordinated policy with respect to lending 

14 to the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea aimed 

15 at advancing human rights and promoting peace. 

16 (b) EXCEPTION FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES.— 

17 The restrictions under paragraphs (1) and (2) of sub18 section (a) shall not apply with respect to loans or finan19 cial or technical assistance provided for humanitarian pur20 poses, including efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to 

21 the COVID–19 pandemic, or any other infectious disease 

22 threat that is declared by the World Health Organization 

23 to be a Public Health Emergency of International Con24 cern. 

25 (c) WAIVER FOR PROJECTS THAT DIRECTLY SUP26 PORT BASIC HUMAN NEEDS.—The Secretary of the 


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1 Treasury may waive the application of the restriction 

2 under subsection (a)(1) only if the Secretary of the Treas3 ury submits to the appropriate congressional committees 

4 a written determination, arrived at with the concurrence 

5 of the Secretary of State, that the waiver is being exer6 cised to support projects that directly support basic, life7 saving human needs. 

8 (d) TERMINATION.—Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply 

9 on or after the date that is 30 days after the Secretary 

10 of State determines and certifies to the appropriate con11 gressional committees that the Government of Ethiopia 

12 and its proxies and allies have— 

13 (1) ceased all offensive military operations in 

14 northern Ethiopia and conflict in surrounding areas 

15 of Ethiopia; 

16 (2) taken steps toward a genuine political dia17 logue to achieve an end to the conflict; 

18 (3) implemented measures to better protect 

19 human rights and ensure adherence to international 

20 humanitarian law and international human rights 

21 law; 

22 (4) continuously allowed unfettered humani23 tarian access; and 

24 (5) cooperated with independent investigations 

25 of credible allegations of war crimes, crimes against 


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1 humanity and other human rights abuses carried out 

2 in the course of hostilities. 

3 (e) BRIEFING.—Not later than 60 days after the date 

4 of the enactment of this Act and every 120 days thereafter 

5 until the restrictions in subsection (a)(1) are terminated 

6 pursuant to subsection (d), the Secretary of the Treasury, 

7 in conjunction with the Secretary and the Administrator 

8 of the United States Agency for International Develop9 ment, or their designees, shall brief the appropriate con10 gressional committees on the efforts of the United States 

11 Executive Directors of the international financial institu12 tions pursuant to subsection (a). 

13 SEC. 10. SUPPORT FOR ACCOUNTABILITY. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to 

15 provide financial, technical, and diplomatic support for ef16 forts to pursue accountability for war crimes and crimes 

17 against humanity, including any preliminary activities nec18 essary to preserve evidence of crimes in Ethiopia, with the 

19 goal of promoting accountability for war crimes, crimes 

20 against humanity, or other violations of international 

21 human rights law and international humanitarian law that 

22 have taken place in the course of hostilities in northern 

23 Ethiopia or other areas of Ethiopia. 

24 (b) PROVISION OF INFORMATION.—The President is 

25 authorized to share information possessed by the United 


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1 States Government with organizations engaged in a cred2 ible investigation meant to lead to the prosecution of any 

3 individual credibly accused of war crimes, crimes against 

4 humanity, or other violations of international human 

5 rights law or international humanitarian law in accord6 ance with this section. 

7 SEC. 11. ARMS-RELATED, FINANCIAL, AND OTHER REPORT8 ING REQUIREMENTS. 

9 (a) REPORT ON CERTAIN ACTIVITIES AND FINANCES

10 OF SENIOR OFFICIALS OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ETHI11 OPIA AND ERITREA AND ARMED OPPOSITION GROUPS.— 

12 Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 

13 of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that 

14 is 2 years after the end of hostilities in the Tigray region, 

15 the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congres16 sional committees a report that— 

17 (1) describes the actions and involvement of any 

18 senior officials of the Governments of Ethiopia and 

19 Eritrea and any senior leaders in the party to the 

20 conflict in northern Ethiopia and related conflicts— 

21 (A) facilitating or financing the sale or 

22 transfers of arms or weapons to any party to 

23 the hostilities in Ethiopia, including the Gov24 ernment of Ethiopia, the Government of EriVerDate Sep 11 2014 01:29 Nov 06, 2021 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3199.IS S3199

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1 trea, opposition groups, militias, or other armed 

2 groups active in the conflict in Ethiopia; 

3 (B) directing, carrying out, or ordering 

4 violations of human rights including the sys5 temic use of rape and sexual and gender based 

6 violence; 

7 (C) directing, carrying out, or ordering the 

8 use or recruitment of children by armed groups 

9 or armed forces; and 

10 (D) directing, carrying out, or ordering 

11 significant acts of corruption; 

12 (2) identifies Ethiopian, Eritrean, and other 

13 foreign financial institutions in which senior officials 

14 of the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea whose 

15 actions are described in paragraph (1), and senior 

16 leaders of parties to the conflict in northern Ethi17 opia and related conflicts in the Federal Democratic 

18 Republic of Ethiopia whose actions are described in 

19 paragraph (1), hold significant assets, and provides 

20 an assessment of the value of such assets; and 

21 (3) identifies Ethiopian, Eritrean, and foreign 

22 financial institutions that knowingly facilitate or fi23 nance the sale or transfer of weapons, arms, or non24 lethal equipment intended or altered by a third party 


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1 for military use to any party to the hostilities in 

2 Ethiopia. 

3 (b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 

4 shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 

5 a classified annex. 

6 (c) REPORT ON PROGRESS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN

7 ETHIOPIA.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the 

8 enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the 

9 Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a report on 

10 progress towards holding individuals in Ethiopia and Eri11 trea accountable for human rights violations, war crimes, 

12 and crimes against humanity. 

Æ 


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