{"id":553490,"date":"2023-10-26T03:04:37","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T07:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=553490"},"modified":"2024-01-10T14:44:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T19:44:19","slug":"hazard-distance-from-earth","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-distance-from-earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Hazard: Distance From Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>Human Spaceflight Hazards<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 \"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\"><nav><ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\"><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazards\">Hazards Overview<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-space-radiation\">Space Radiation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-isolation-and-confinement\/\">Isolation & Confinement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-distance-from-earth\/\">Distance from Earth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>More<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-gravity-fields\/\">Gravity Fields<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-hostile-closed-environments\/\">Hostile\/Closed Environments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t<div class=\"padding-0 bg-spacesuit-white wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-page-intro hds-page-intro-banner width-full maxw-full padding-0 hds-cover-wrapper minh-tablet\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-top-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"page-heading-md line-height-sm color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHazard: Distance From Earth\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Instructions, new supplies, medical care, and more become increasingly challenging to receive from Earth as astronauts venture deeper into space.<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"An illustration of the Moon and Mars above the Earth's horizon.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 45% 100%; object-position: 45% 100%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png 10000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Mars is, on average, 140 million miles from Earth. Rather than a three-day lunar trip, astronauts bound for Mars would be leaving our planet for roughly three years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given this distance, planning and self-sufficiency will be essential to successful missions to Mars. Facing a communication delay of up to 20 minutes one way, the possibility of equipment failures or medical emergencies, and a critical need to ration food and supplies, astronauts must be capable of confronting an array of situations with minimal support from teams on Earth. Learn more about how NASA studies the challenges that will arise as space missions venture farther from Earth:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hazards of Human Spaceflight | Hazard 3: Distance From Earth\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0_pbs8dG1oM?list=PLiuUQ9asub3RRA-BMh7wLsU7V6gUUSRwH\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-card-grid padding-top-7 padding-bottom-3 padding-x-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-card-grid\">\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-card-grid-header grid-container grid-container-block\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-start margin-bottom-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"section-heading-sm line-height-sm\">Related Articles<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col display-flex flex-align-center desktop:flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-card-grid-cards grid-container grid-container-block\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cards-included grid-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-6\"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"985\" height=\"657\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/marsmenu.png?w=985\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Crew members aboard the International Space Station unpack newly delivered fresh fruit and other goodies in October 2019. From left are NASA flight engineers Jessica Meir, Andrew Morgan, and Christina Koch with ESA Commander Luca Parmitano.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 87% 69%; object-position: 87% 69%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/marsmenu.png 985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/marsmenu.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/marsmenu.png?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/marsmenu.png?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/marsmenu.png?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/marsmenu.png?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">The Menu for Mars: Designing a Deep Space Food System<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Because resupply options will be low, food systems for a mission to Mars will require minimal resources and minimal waste, all while being safe, nutritious, and tasty.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/the-menu-for-mars-designing-a-deep-space-food-system\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read About Space Food Systems<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-6\"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1895\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1895&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1895&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=300&h=296&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=768&h=758&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=1024&h=1011&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1516&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=50&h=49&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=100&h=99&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=400&h=395&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=600&h=592&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=900&h=888&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/STS099-729-086\/STS099-729-086~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1184&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Houston, We Have a Podcast: Distance Episode<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">A NASA scientist discusses the hazard of traveling farther away from Earth than ever before, especially how to provide appropriate medical care with limited resources and challenging communications. <\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/podcasts\/houston-we-have-a-podcast\/hazard-3-distance\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Listen to Houston We Have a Podcast<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-6\"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"HERA crew members Dragos Michael Popescu and Pietro Di Tillio wear headsets to coordinate with others on a simulated Mars mission with communication delays. \" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 31% 34%; object-position: 31% 34%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg?resize=1024,575 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg?resize=600,337 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/hera-crew-headset.jpg?resize=900,506 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Houston, Do You Copy? HERA Crew Navigates Communications Delays<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Crew on simulated missions into deep space experience communication delays of up to five minutes each way. Practicing communication delays on Earth will help NASA effectively design procedures that ensure the success of future deep space missions.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/houston-do-you-copy-hera-crew-navigates-communication-delays\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read How the HERA Crew Navigates Communication Delays<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-6\"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Artist's illustration showing two astronauts on the surface of Mars. A pressurize rover is in the background. One astronaut is on top of a lander, using a crane to lower instruments to the astronaut on the ground.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 9% 52%; object-position: 9% 52%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-offloading-illustration.png?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Getting Humans to Mars<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Mars remains our horizon goal for human exploration because it is one of the only other places we know where life may have existed in the solar system. Like the Moon, Mars is a rich destination for scientific discovery and a driver of technologies that will enable humans to travel and explore far from Earth.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/humans-to-mars\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Explore Humans to Mars<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-6\"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Astronaut Jessica Watkins services life support components\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e099373_0.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">NASA Achieves Water Recovery Milestone<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">For space missions that venture beyond low-Earth orbit, new challenges include how to provide basic needs for crew members without resupply missions from the ground. NASA is developing life support systems that can regenerate or recycle consumables.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/iss-research\/nasa-achieves-water-recovery-milestone-on-international-space-station\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read About NASA's Life Support Systems <\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-6\"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"snacks_space_food_acceptability_main\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg 4928w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=2048,1363 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=900,599 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=1200,799 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/snacks_space_food_acceptability_main.jpg?resize=2000,1331 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">How Does Spaceflight Change Food Appeal?<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Imagine eating the same meals every day for weeks, maybe months. Even the most appetizing dishes may start to lose their appeal. On longer journeys deeper into space, "menu fatigue" can have serious consequences.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/how-does-spaceflight-change-food-appeal\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Learn About Food Appeal in Space<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"width-full maxw-full bg-carbon-05 padding-bottom-9 padding-top-9 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0 padding-top-9 desktop:padding-top-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-right-5 margin-bottom-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label margin-bottom-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"page-heading-md\">Three Steps to Mars<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md\">Sending astronauts to Mars is the next giant leap of human space travel. In preparation for a trip to the Red Planet, NASA is taking a stepping-stone approach to studying the health effects of human spaceflight. Step 1 uses Earth-based\u00a0simulations of life in space, step 2 involves research on the International Space Station, and step 3 leverages future lunar missions under the agency's Artemis program.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md\" aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Explore Our Three Steps to Mars<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-left-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"743\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA's Human Research Program Steps to Mars.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png 3000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=300,218 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=768,558 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=1024,743 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=1536,1115 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=2048,1487 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=400,290 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=600,436 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=900,653 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=1200,871 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/steps-to-mars.png?resize=2000,1452 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\"><strong><em>Credit: NASA<\/em><\/strong><br><\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-story minh-tablet bg-carbon-black flex-column position-relative hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-story\">\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-column padding-y-9 padding-x-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-widescreen margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-0 z-400\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center heading-12 text-uppercase z-400 color-spacesuit-white\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"margin-right-1\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 500 500\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 500 500;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M490.4,19.2c-27.5,0-55,0-82.5,0c-43.4,0-86.7,0-130.1,0c-36.7,0-73.3,0-110,0c-43.4,0-86.7,0-130.1,0 c-8.6,0-17.1,0-25.7,0c-0.5,0-1.1,0-1.7,0c0,0.6-0.1,1-0.1,1.5c0,74.2,0,148.4,0,222.6c0,79,0,158,0,237c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6 c-0.1,0-0.3-0.1-0.3-0.1c0-0.4,0-0.8,0-1.2c0-153.6,0-307.1,0-460.7c159.7,0,319.3,0,479,0C489.5,18.9,489.9,19.1,490.4,19.2z\"><\/path> <g> <path d=\"M243.5,1.4C108,4.8-2.5,117.7,1.4,257.4C5.2,391.1,115.8,501,254.5,498.6c135.9-2.4,245.1-113.6,244.1-250.8 C497.2,108.9,382.9-2,243.5,1.4z M249.9,473.7c-122.8,0-222.5-99.1-223.6-221.6c-1.1-124.5,99-224.7,221.4-225.9 c124.3-1.2,224.9,98.6,226.1,221.5C474.9,373.1,373.5,473.9,249.9,473.7z\"><\/path> <path d=\"M384.2,205.3c-32.8,0.1-65.5,0.1-98.3,0.2c-3.1,0-3.9-0.6-4.8-3.6c-2.1-6.9-4.2-13.7-6.3-20.6 c-7.7-24.9-15.3-49.9-23-74.8c-0.5-1.8-1.1-3.5-1.8-5.5c-0.2,0.6-0.4,0.9-0.4,1.1c-10.2,33.1-20.3,66.3-30.5,99.4 c-1,3.3-1.7,3.9-5.3,3.9c-10.8,0-21.5,0-32.3-0.1c-14.2,0-28.4-0.1-42.6-0.1c-8.4,0-16.7,0-25.6,0c0.9,0.7,1.4,1.1,1.9,1.5 c26.6,20.3,53.3,40.5,79.9,60.8c2.2,1.7,2.6,2.9,1.8,5.5c-9.1,29.1-18.1,58.2-27.2,87.3c-1.4,4.5-2.8,9-4.2,13.7 c0.6-0.4,1-0.6,1.3-0.9c26.6-20.4,53.1-40.8,79.7-61.1c3.1-2.4,3.8-2.4,6.9,0c26.5,20.3,53,40.7,79.5,61c0.4,0.3,0.8,0.5,1.5,1 c-0.3-1-0.4-1.6-0.6-2.2c-10.2-32.7-20.4-65.5-30.5-98.2c-1.1-3.5-0.8-4.3,2.1-6.6c26.1-19.8,52.1-39.6,78.2-59.5 c0.9-0.7,1.8-1.4,3.1-2.4C385.5,205.3,384.8,205.3,384.2,205.3z\"><\/path> <\/g> <\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"label\">Featured Story<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-widescreen width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-0 z-400\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"display-60 color-spacesuit-white-important\">The Human Body in Space<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-spacesuit-white-important\">For more than 50 years, NASA\u2019s Human Research Program (HRP) has studied what happens to the human body in space. Researchers...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/the-human-body-in-space\/\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"section-heading-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">Read the Story<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 z-400\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/flex.png?w=1024\" ><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"width-full maxw-full bg-carbon-05 padding-bottom-9 padding-top-9 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0 padding-top-9 desktop:padding-top-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-right-5 margin-bottom-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label margin-bottom-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"page-heading-md\">Space Communication<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md\">From astronauts onboard the International Space Station, to the first woman and first person of color landing on the Moon, to humans someday setting foot on Mars\u2014NASA\u2019s networks provide communications, tracking, and radio science services to human exploration missions.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/communicating-with-missions\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md\" aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Learn About Space Communication<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-left-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?w=683\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"A 112-foot-wide antenna at Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex near Canberra, Australia.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 55% 75%; object-position: 55% 75%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/canberra-dss-35-05.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Deep Space Network, Deep Space Station 35, a 112-foot-wide antenna at Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex near Canberra, Australia.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong><em>Credit: NASA<\/em><\/strong><\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"width-full maxw-full bg-carbon-05 padding-bottom-9 padding-top-9 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0 padding-top-9 desktop:padding-top-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-right-5 margin-bottom-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label margin-bottom-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"page-heading-md\">CHAPEA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md\">The Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog (CHAPEA) is a series of analog missions that will simulate year-long stays on the surface of Mars. Each mission will consist of four crew members living in Mars Dune Alpha, an isolated 1,700-square-foot habitat.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/chapea\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md\" aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Discover CHAPEA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-left-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"CHAPEA 360-degree view inside the sandbox\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 44% 46%; object-position: 44% 46%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg 11840w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=300,150 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=768,384 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=1024,512 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=1536,768 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=2048,1024 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=400,200 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=600,300 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=900,450 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=1200,600 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/chapea-jsc2022e094560-highres.jpg?resize=2000,1000 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A 360-degree view inside the sandbox portion of the CHAPEA habitat at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\"><strong><em>Credits: Bill Stafford\/NASA<\/em><\/strong><\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Astronauts<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg?w=320\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg?resize=267,400 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans In Space<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"368\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?w=368\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=263,400 263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Artemis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Space Station Research and Technology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mars is, on average, 140 million miles from Earth. Rather than a three-day lunar trip, astronauts bound for Mars would be leaving our planet for roughly three years. Given this distance, planning and self-sufficiency will be essential to successful missions to Mars. Facing a communication delay of up to 20 minutes one way, the possibility [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":382,"featured_media":566334,"parent":319203,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[11928],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Hazard: Distance From Earth","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-distance-from-earth\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-distance-from-earth\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars-1.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars-1.png"},"articleSection":"General","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Abby Graf"}],"creator":["Abby Graf"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2023-10-26T07:04:37Z","datePublished":"2023-10-26T07:04:37Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T19:44:19Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Hazard: Distance From Earth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/hazard-distance-from-earth\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars-1.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-10-26T07:04:37Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"General\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Abby Graf\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":1,"time_ago":"8 months","featured_image":{"id":566334,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/moon-and-mars-1.png","title":"moon-and-mars","alt":"","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/553490"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/topic"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/382"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/553490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":591439,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/553490\/revisions\/591439"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/319203"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/566334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=553490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=553490"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=553490"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=553490"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=553490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}