NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JOHN EARL CLARKE, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting 

Commissioner Social Security, 

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 15-16992 

D.C. No. 2:14-cv-02350-GMS 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Arizona

G. Murray Snow, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted July 11, 2017

San Francisco, California

Before: GRABER and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges, and MARSHALL,** District 

Judge.

John Clarke appeals the district court’s order affirming the denial of his

application for disability insurance benefits. Clarke, who alleged disability based on 

bipolar disorder and peripheral neuropathy secondary to diabetes, argues that the 

 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The Honorable Consuelo B. Marshall, United States District Judge for 

the Central District of California, sitting by designation.

FILED

JUL 27 2017

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
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administrative law judge (“ALJ”) erred by improperly discounting Clarke’s testimony 

and rejecting the opinions of treating psychiatrist Dr. Hicks and examining 

psychologist Dr. Finch without giving specific and legitimate reasons. He also argues 

that the ALJ erred by ignoring the opinion of non-examining psychologist Dr. Penner 

and by improperly discrediting or ignoring altogether lay witness testimony. We 

reverse and remand for further proceedings.

1. When an ALJ makes an adverse credibility finding but fails to specify 

what testimony he finds not credible or why he came to this conclusion, he errs. 

See Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487, 491-94 (9th Cir. 2015); Treichler v. 

Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1102-03 (9th Cir. 2014). Here, 

because the ALJ did not mention any of Clarke’s specific testimony about his 

limitations, let alone specify which parts he found not credible or connect record 

evidence to any of Clarke’s specific allegations, he erred under Brown-Hunter and 

Treichler. See Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 494; Treichler, 775 F.3d at 1103.

2. The ALJ did not err by giving Dr. Hicks’s opinion only partial weight. 

Dr. Hicks’s treatment notes rarely mention Clarke’s mood or mental status or 

reflect any adjustment to his medication. And when the treatment notes do reflect 

an increase in situational depression, they do not reflect the severity of symptoms 

that would be consistent with Dr. Hicks’s functional capacity opinion. 

Furthermore, Dr. Hicks could have provided more explanation for his opinion on 
 3 

the evaluation form that he filled out. Instead, Dr. Hicks merely wrote, “Can’t 

work at all” in response to a question asking him to explain his opinion about 

Clarke’s stamina and attention span and did not respond to a question asking for 

any other comments on his assessment. In these circumstances, inconsistency 

between Dr. Hicks’s opinion and his treatment notes was a specific and legitimate 

reason supported by substantial evidence to give Dr. Hicks’s opinion less than 

controlling weight.

3. The ALJ erred by failing to discuss non-examining psychologist Dr. 

Penner’s opinion. Because the ALJ did not mention Dr. Penner’s opinion, we do 

not know whether he considered it, as the regulations require. See 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1513a(b)-(b)(1); see also SSR 96-6p, 1996 WL 374180 (July 2, 1996), 

rescinded and replaced by SSR 17-2p, 82 Fed. Reg. 15,263-02 (Mar. 27, 2017) 

(both the SSR in effect at time of ALJ’s decision and the SSR that replaced it 

required ALJs to consider state agency psychological consultants’ opinions). 

4. In the absence of adopting Dr. Penner’s interpretation (or giving some 

other cogent explanation), we cannot say that the ALJ reasonably interpreted Dr. 

Finch’s opinion concerning Clarke’s potential inability to attend work as regularly 

and as punctually as an employer would require, an issue the ALJ did not mention. 

The ALJ thus erred by failing to explain why he adopted some parts of Dr. Finch’s 

opinion but not others.
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5. The Commissioner concedes that the ALJ’s rejection of Clarke’s exwife’s testimony and ignoring of his mother’s and sister’s testimony was error.

6. These errors were not harmless because they were not “inconsequential to 

the ultimate nondisability determination.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 

(9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Carmickle v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155, 

1162 (9th Cir. 2008)). Crediting the testimony about Clarke’s limited ability to 

stand for long periods of time or the medical opinions about his potential problems 

with attendance could lead to a different Residual Functional Capacity (“RFC”), 

which could change the outcome of this case.

7. We decline Clarke’s request to remand for an award of benefits. The 

evidence here is potentially consistent with multiple RFCs and there is no evidence 

in the record about the availability of jobs that could accommodate an RFC that 

adopted some, but not all, of Clarke’s alleged limitations. Accordingly, we remand 

for further proceedings.

REVERSED and REMANDED.