Final

Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site

Limestone, Maine

Perfluorooctane-Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic 

Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

November 2019

Prepared for:

Army National Guard Headquarter

111 S. George Mason Drive

Arlington, VA 22204

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District

2 Hopkins Plaza

Baltimore, MD 21201

Prepared by:

AECOM

12420 Milestone Center Drive, Suite 150

Germantown, MD 20876

aecom.com

Contract Number: W912DR-12-D-0014

Delivery Order: W912DR17F0192
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

i

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................1

1. Introduction........................................................................................................................3

Authority and Purpose ..............................................................................................3

Preliminary Assessment Methods .............................................................................3

Report Organization..................................................................................................4

Facility Location and History .....................................................................................4

Facility Environmental Setting...................................................................................5

1.5.1 Geology .........................................................................................................5

1.5.2 Hydrogeology.................................................................................................5

1.5.3 Hydrology.......................................................................................................6

1.5.4 Climate...........................................................................................................7

1.5.5 Current and Future Land Use.........................................................................7

2. Fire Training Areas...........................................................................................................11

3. Non-Fire Training Areas ...................................................................................................12

Former Anti-Aircraft Battery (AAB) Site ...................................................................12

Parcel C-1...............................................................................................................12

Parcel C..................................................................................................................12

Loring Controlled Humidity Protection (LCHP) Building...........................................13

4. Emergency Response Areas............................................................................................15

5. Adjacent Off-Facility Sources...........................................................................................16

Former Loring Air Force Base (LAFB).....................................................................16

6. Preliminary Conceptual Site Model ..................................................................................20

7. Conclusions .....................................................................................................................21

Findings..................................................................................................................21

Uncertainties...........................................................................................................22

Potential Future Actions ..........................................................................................22

8. References ......................................................................................................................24
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

ii

Tables

Table 7-1: No Suspected Release Areas

Figures

Figure ES-1 Summary of Findings

Figure 1-1 Facility Location

Figure 1-2 Groundwater Features

Figure 1-3 Surface Water Features

Figure 3-1 Non-Fire Training Area

Figure 5-1 Adjacent Source

Figure 7-1 Summary of Findings

Appendices

Appendix A Data Resources

Appendix B Preliminary Assessment Documentation

B.1 Interview Records

B.2 Visual Site Inspection Checklists

B.3 Conceptual Site Model Information

Appendix C Photographic Log
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

°F degrees Fahrenheit

AAB

AECOM

Anti-Aircraft Battery

AECOM Technical Services, Inc.

AFFF aqueous film forming foam

amsl above mean sea level

AOI Area of Interest

ARNG Army National Guard

bgs below ground surface

BRAC Base Realignment and Closure

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability 

Act

CSM conceptual site model

CTS Caswell Training Site

DHHS

EDR

FFA

Department of Health and Human Services

Environmental Data Resources, Inc.

Federal Facility Agreement

FLDD

ft

Flightline Drainage Ditch

feet/foot

FTA

IWTF

fire training area

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facility

LAFB Loring Air Force Base

LCHP Loring Controlled Humidity Protection

LDA Loring Development Authority

MEARNG Maine Army National Guard

MEDEP Maine Department of Environmental Protection

MEG

μg/L

mg/L

ng/L

PA

Maximum Exposure Guideline

micrograms per liter

milligrams per liter

nanograms per liter

Preliminary Assessment

PFAS per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances

PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

SI Site Inspection

US United States

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

VSI

Wood

visual site inspection

Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc.

WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

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Executive Summary

The United States (US) Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Baltimore District on behalf of the 

Army National Guard-Installations & Environment Division, Cleanup Branch contracted AECOM 

Technical Services, Inc. (AECOM) to perform Preliminary Assessments (PAs) and Site 

Inspections (SIs) for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 

Impacted Sites at Army National Guard (ARNG) Facilities Nationwide. The ARNG is assessing 

potential effects on human health related to processes at facilities that used per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), primarily in the form of aqueous film forming foam released as 

part of firefighting activities, although other PFAS sources are possible.

AECOM completed a PA for PFAS at Caswell Training Site (CTS; also referred to as the “facility”)

in Loring, Maine, to assess potential PFAS release areas and exposure pathways to receptors.

The performance of this PA included the following tasks: 

• Reviewed data resources to obtain information relevant to suspected PFAS releases

• Conducted a site visit on 2 July 2019

• Interviewed current Maine ARNG (MEARNG) personnel, a former Captain with the Paul L. 

Barnes Loring Fire Department, and the Air Force Base Realignment and Closure caretaker 

for the adjacent former Loring Air Force Base (LAFB)

• Completed visual site inspections at known or suspected PFAS release locations and 

documented with photographs

Several adjacent off-facility potential PFAS release areas were identified in association with the 

former LAFB, including multiple fire training areas, the runway, hangar spaces, crash sites, fuel 

storage and maintenance areas, and fire stations. Secondary sources, such as landfills and 

wastewater treatment plants, were also identified adjacent to the MEARNG CTS. As a result of

adjacent PFAS releases, it is possible PFAS are in site media surrounding the CTS.

Based on the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Unregulated Contaminant 

Monitoring Rule 3 data, it was indicated that no PFAS was detected in a public water system 

above the USEPA Health Advisory level within 20 miles of the facility.

No Areas of Interest related to PFAS release were identified at CTS based on PA data. Based on 

the documented absence of the use/release of PFAS-containing materials at CTS, evidence does 

not support current or former ARNG activities at the facility having contributed to PFAS 

contamination in soil, groundwater, surface water, or sediment at the facility or adjacent areas. 

The summary of findings is presented in Figure ES-1.
LCHP Property

WWTP

Fuel Tank Farm

KC-135 Crash Site

Landfill LF-3

Landfill LF-2 Building 8250 (Arch Hangar)

Building 8202 (Crash Fire Station)

Building 8744/Nose Dock 44

Nose Dock 11

Fuel Dump Area

FTA FT-07

Runway

B-52 Crash Site

LCHP Building

Parcel C-1

Building 8100

Parcel C

Former

AAB Site

Nose 

Dock 

Area

Building 8740/Nose Dock 40

Building 8260

(Jet Engine Maintenance)

Building 3005

(Structural Fire

Station)

Building

6538 (IWTF)

Building 6900 (Fire

Dept Training/Burn

House)

Durepo

Pond

Noyes

Pond

Ketch

Pond

Butterfield

Lake

Butterfield

Brook Pond

Masters

Brook

Dagg ett Brook

Kelly Brook

Willard

Brook

Wolve rton Br ook

Greenlaw

Brook

Bu tterfi eld Brook

Brandy

Brook

Legend

Potential PFAS Release

No Suspected Release

Facility Boundary

Wetland

River/Stream

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

LC

11/12/2019

11/12/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Caswell Training Site, ME

11/12/2019

1:48,000

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Q:\Projects\ENV\GEARS\GEO\ARNG PFAS\900-CAD-GIS\920-GIS or Graphics\MXD\ME\Caswell_Figures\Fig_ES-1_Caswell_Training_Summary.mxd

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure ES-1

Summary of Findings

0 2,000 4,000 8,000

Feet
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

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1. Introduction

Authority and Purpose

The United States (US) Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Baltimore District on behalf of the 

Army National Guard (ARNG)-Installations & Environment Division, Cleanup Branch contracted 

AECOM Technical Services, Inc. (AECOM) to perform Preliminary Assessments (PAs) and Site 

Inspections (SIs) for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 

Impacted Sites at ARNG Facilities Nationwide under Contract Number W912DR-12-D-0014, Task 

Order W912DR17F0192, issued 11 August 2017. The ARNG is assessing potential effects on 

human health related to processes at facilities that used per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances 

(PFAS), primarily in the form of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) released as part of firefighting 

activities, although other PFAS sources are possible. In addition, the ARNG is assessing 

businesses or operations adjacent to the ARNG facility (not under the control of ARNG) that could 

potentially be responsible for a PFAS release. 

PFAS are classified as emerging environmental contaminants that are garnering increasing 

regulatory interest due to their potential risks to human health and the environment. PFAS 

formulations contain highly diverse mixtures of compounds. Thus, the fate of PFAS compounds 

in the environment varies. The regulatory framework at both federal and state levels continues to 

evolve. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued Drinking Water Health 

Advisories for PFOA and PFOS in May 2016, but there are currently no promulgated national 

standards regulating PFAS in drinking water. In the absence of federal maximum contaminant 

levels, some states have adopted their own drinking water standards for PFAS. Maine does not 

currently have legally enforceable drinking water standards for PFAS. 

This report presents findings of a PA for PFAS at Caswell Training Site (CTS; also referred to as 

the “facility”) in Limestone, Maine, in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental 

Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended, the National Oil and 

Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 300), 

and USACE requirements and guidance.

This PA documents locations where PFAS may have been released into the environment at and 

near CTS. The term PFAS will be used throughout this report to encompass all PFAS chemicals 

being evaluated, including PFOS and PFOA, which are key components AFFF.

Preliminary Assessment Methods

The performance of this PA included the following tasks: 

• Reviewed data resources to obtain information relevant to suspected PFAS releases

• Conducted a site visit on 2 July 2019

• Interviewed current Maine ARNG (MEARNG) personnel, a former Captain with the Paul L. 

Barnes Loring Fire Department, and the Air Force Base (AFB) Realignment and Closure 

(BRAC) caretaker for the adjacent former Loring Air Force Base (LAFB)

• Completed visual site inspections (VSIs) at known or suspected PFAS release locations and 

documented with photographs
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

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Report Organization

This report has been prepared in accordance with the USEPA Guidance for Performing 

Preliminary Assessments under CERCLA (USEPA, 1991). The report sections and descriptions

of each are:

• Section 1 – Introduction: identifies the project purpose and authority and describes the 

facility location, environmental setting, and methods used to complete the PA

• Section 2 – Fire Training Areas: describes the fire training areas (FTAs) at the facility 

identified during the site visit 

• Section 3 – Non-Fire Training Areas: describes other locations of PFAS releases at the 

facility identified during the site visit 

• Section 4 – Emergency Response Areas: describes areas of AFFF release at the facility, 

specifically in response to emergency situations 

• Section 5 – Adjacent Off-Site Sources: describes sources of PFAS release adjacent to the 

facility that are not under the control of ARNG 

• Section 6 – Preliminary Conceptual Site Model: describes the pathways of PFAS transport 

and receptors for the Areas of Interest (AOIs) and the facility

• Section 7 – Conclusions: summarizes the data findings and presents the conclusions of the 

PA 

• Section 8 – References: provides the references used to develop this document

• Appendix A – Data Resources

• Appendix B – Preliminary Assessment Documentation

• Appendix C – Photographic Log

Facility Location and History

CTS is located on four properties comprised of several parcels within the former LAFB located in 

Aroostook County, at the northeastern tip of Maine, approximately 2 miles northwest of the town 

of Limestone, 8 miles northeast of Caribou, and 3 miles west of the Canadian border at New 

Brunswick, Canada (Figure 1-1).

The former LAFB underwent BRAC in 1994. Four parcels totaling 859.6 acres were licensed 

indefinitely to MEARNG on 28 March 1986 in preparation for the facility BRAC. These parcels 

make up what is referred to as the MEARNG Former Anti-Aircraft Battery (AAB) Site (see License 

DACA51-3-86-584 included in Appendix A). Two additional Parcels, C and C-1 (64 and 132

acres, respectively) were licensed indefinitely from USACE to MEARNG on 4 March 1997 (see 

License DACA33-3-00-012 included in Appendix A). Additionally, the Loring Controlled Humidity 

Protection (LCHP) facility is operated by MEARNG (AMEC Foster Wheeler Environment and 

Infrastructure, Inc. [Amec Foster Wheeler], 2015). These four properties (Former AAB Site, Parcel 

C, Parcel C-1, and the LCHP facility) comprise CTS.

In 1946, the Strategic Air Command developed a plan for a global Air Force, which included the 

development of the Limestone AFB. The installation became active in 1953 and became the home 

to a series of state-of-the-art bombers and support aircraft. The installation was renamed Loring 

Air Force Base in 1954. In 1955, the 42nd Air Refueling Squadron was activated. Substantial

renovations to the installation began in 1981, including the addition of a second runway. Base 

improvements continued through 1991, with the completion of a renovated alert facility, a new 

medical center, and a new maintenance facility and upgraded aircraft refueling. The installation 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

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was officially deactivated on 30 September 1994. Upon closure, responsibility for environmental 

cleanup at the installation transferred to the AFB Conversion Agency (AFCEC, 2011).

The installation was placed on USEPA’s National Priorities List of sites in 1990. Under the 

CERCLA 120, a Federal Facility Agreement (FFA) between USEPA Region 1, the Maine 

Department of Environmental Protection (MEDEP), and the US Air Force was signed in January 

1991 and amended in 1995. The FFA governs the environmental activities being conducted at the 

former LAFB. Following the signing of the FFA, Loring was placed on the U.S Congress Base 

Closure List (1991) and was closed in September 1994.

Facility Environmental Setting

Section 1.5 presents information taken from several sources, including a 2015 Former LAFB PA 

(AMEC Foster Wheeler, 2015), the 2015 MEARNG Integrated Cultural Resources Management 

Plan (MEARNG, 2015), and a 2009 MEARNG Environmental Baseline Study (Summit 

Environmental Consultants, Inc., 2009).

The CTS is situated within the Uplands physiographic zone, which extends northward and 

eastward from the mountains of central Maine across Aroostook County into adjacent counties 

and Canada. CTS lies at an elevation between 753-800 feet (ft) above mean sea level (amsl),

within the Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwoods vegetation zone. This zone is diverse, with tree 

species varying across microenvironments, although the areas adjacent to CTS are largely 

agricultural (MEARNG, 2015). Because the CTS comprises several properties geographically 

isolated from each other, the specific environmental setting varies from parcel to parcel.

1.5.1 Geology

The surficial geology at the former LAFB generally consists of a total of approximately 20 ft of 

unstratified till in direct contact with the limestone bedrock or stratified glacial ice‐contact deposits. 

The surficial geology at the MEARNG CTS properties is anticipated to be the same. The till 

includes both ablation and basal deposits of Pleistocene age. The ablation till is the primary 

unconsolidated material identified at the former LAFB and consists of loose, silty sands and 

gravels with small percentages of cobbles and clay. The basal till is identified as poorly sorted 

sands, silts, and gravels, with smaller percentages of clay and cobbles (AMEC Foster Wheeler, 

2015).

Bedrock in the vicinity of the former LAFB is comprised of the Carys Mills Formation of upper

Ordovician to lower Silurian age (Figure 1-2). The Carys Mills Formation consists of up to 700 ft 

of grayish, extensively fractured limestone (AMEC Foster Wheeler, 2015). Within the MEARNG 

LCHP property, weathered bedrock was encountered at depths ranging from 2.8 to 6.5 ft below 

ground surface (bgs) (Summit Environmental Consultants, Inc., 2009). Parcel-specific bedrock 

depths for the remaining MEARNG CTS properties is unknown.

Soils at the former LAFB are primarily of the Caribou‐Conant association. The Caribou series

consists of deep, well‐drained soils with a firm gravelly loam subsoil, and the Conant series 

consists of moderately well drained soils that have developed on firm calcareous glacial till (AMEC 

Foster Wheeler, 2015).

1.5.2 Hydrogeology

Information in this section is derived from the 2015 Former LAFB PA (AMEC Foster Wheeler, 

2015). Two principal aquifers occur beneath the former LAFB and surrounding area, including a 

discontinuous shallow overburden aquifer and a fractured bedrock aquifer (ABB, 1995). The 

overburden groundwater reportedly occurs under unconfined conditions, and the fractured 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

6

bedrock aquifer is commonly unconfined, but may be confined in places by overlying till deposits.

The overburden materials that contain groundwater include ice‐contact deposits, till, and fluvial

streambed deposits consisting predominantly of sand and gravel. The ice‐contact deposits 

located in the western and northwestern potions of the former LAFB are locally mapped as sand 

and gravel aquifers (ABB, 1995). Tills comprise a large part of the overburden deposits at the

former installation; however, the material is not classified as an aquifer due to the mixture of clay, 

silt, sand, and cobbles. Groundwater associated with the till deposits is generally discontinuous 

or perched except in the vicinity of major streams and drainages (ABB, 1995).

Groundwater depths at the adjacent former LAFB former FTA FT-07 ranged from 20-30 ft bgs

(Summit Environmental Consultants, Inc., 2009). The former FT-07 is approximately 0.4 miles 

northwest of MEARNG Parcel C-1, and groundwater depth is anticipated to be similar within the 

parcel. Historical groundwater depths in the vicinity of the MEARNG LCHP parcel range from 9-

23 ft bgs (Harding ESE, Inc., 2000). Groundwater depths at the remaining MEARNG CTS parcels 

are unknown.

The fractured bedrock aquifer is a significant source of water and is reportedly stored in secondary 

bedrock openings including joints, faults and fracture zones (Prescott, 1972). Groundwater flows 

preferentially along bedrock bedding planes and areas of dissolution at the intersection of the 

bedding plane and fractures (ABB, 1995). The groundwater flow direction varies across the former 

LAFB based on the presence of a groundwater divide that is generally located along the flightline. 

East of the flightline, within the vicinity of MEARNC Parcel C-1, groundwater generally flows to 

the east. West of the flightline, within the vicinity of the MEARNG LCHP parcel and Parcel C, 

groundwater generally flows to the south and southwest (AMEC Foster Wheeler, 2015). 

Groundwater at the MEARNG Former AAB Site is expected to flow southeast, towards Butterfield 

Brook Pond. Generalized bedrock groundwater flow direction is shown on Figure 1-2.

None of the MEARNG parcels at CTS are provided drinking water. Some municipal wells and 

unknown use wells exist within 2.5 miles of the former LAFB flightline to the north, southeast, and 

southwest (both upgradient and downgradient of the flightline). Groundwater from the bedrock 

aquifer is currently used for water supply for some homes in the area surrounding the former 

LAFB. Based on the USEPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3 data, it was indicated 

that no PFAS were detected in a public water system above the USEPA Health Advisory level 

within 20 miles of CTS.

1.5.3 Hydrology

CTS is located on a drainage divide between tributaries of the Aroostook River, including 

Greenlaw Brook, Butterfield Brook, Masters Brook, and Willard Brook. The flightline at the former 

LAFB is located at the approximate center of the drainage divide, with drainage on the west side 

flowing to the west‐southwest to Greenlaw Brook, and areas to the east flowing east‐southeast 

towards Butterfield Brook (ERM, 1994). Butterfield Brook subsequently flows southeast, off‐base,

towards the Durepo Reservoir in the town of Limestone as seen in Figure 1-3. 

Wetlands and streams within the Former AAB Site flow southeast via Butterfield Brook, towards 

Parcel C-1, and continue southeast. Surface water at Parcel C-1 flows east to Butterfield Brook 

and continues southeast to Durepo Reservoir (CH2M Hill, 1983). 

Wetlands and streams within Parcel C flow southwest to Wolverton Brook, and south via 

Greenlaw Brook towards the former LAFB cantonment area, and discharges to the Little 

Madawaska River, which subsequently flows south to the Aroostook River (CH2M Hill, 1983). 

There are no mapped wetlands within the MEARNG LCHP property, but surface water runoff is 

expected to follow topography at the site and generally flow to the south and west.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

7

Other surface water bodies located at the former LAFB include East Loring Lake, located in the 

northeast corner of the installation, and Malabeam Lake, Green Pond, and Chapman Pond, which 

are all located in the southwestern portion of the former LAFB, downgradient from the MEARNG 

LCHP property and Parcel C.

1.5.4 Climate

The CTS is in Northeastern Maine, and the climate is characterized by warm summers and cold,

snowy winters. Average air temperatures at CTS range between 51.6 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) to 

73.4°F in summer, and between 2.1°F to 23.1°F in winter. Average annual precipitation is 40.74

inches, with an average monthly precipitation of 3.39 inches. Annual snowfall is approximately 

109 inches, with the majority of this falling between December and March (National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration, 2019). 

1.5.5 Current and Future Land Use

CTS is currently used for weekend and annual training requirements for the ARNG and other 

military branches. Reasonably anticipated future land use is not expected to change from current 

land use. Land uses around the MEARNG parcels vary.

The Loring Development Authority (LDA) was created in 1994 to acquire and manage properties 

within the former LAFB following its closure. The LDA created the Loring Commerce Centre, a 

commercial, industrial and aviation park that currently comprising 20 businesses. Current 

operations at within the former LAFB include the Loring International Airport, various 

governmental entities, and industrial and commercial developments, such as Bigelow Aerospace, 

Frontier Transport, HB Speciality Foods, the Sitel Corporation, and Pioneer Broadband.

Approximately 4,700 acres of land are also designated for operation as the Aroostook National 

Wildlife Refuge. Additionally, land has been conveyed to construct housing for the Aroostook Band 

of Micmacs Tribe (AMEC Foster Wheeler, 2015).

Much of the area surrounding the former LAFB is used for agricultural purposes.
LCHP Property

Former AAB Site

Parcel C

Parcel C-1

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

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Base Map: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS,

Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI,

Figure 1-1

Facility Location

Legend

Facility Boundary

^_

0 1 2 4

Miles
&<

A!

A!

!P

!C(

A!

Durepo Pond

Noyes Pond

Malabeam Lake

Ketch Pond

Little Black Brook Lake

Butterfield Lake

Butterfield Brook Pond

Dagg ett Brook

Kelly

Brook

Masters

Brook

R gi ht Fork B lack Bor

o k

Will ard Brook

Lime st on eStr eam

Gree nlaw Brook

DurepoB rook

Bu tterfi eld Brook

Wol verton Brook

Legend

Facility Boundary

Wetland

River/Stream

Inferred Groundwater

Flow Direction

Geology

Silurian to Ordovician

Limestone and Siltstone

Wells

!P Domestic Well

!C( Municipal Well

A! Other/Unknown Well

&<

Water Supply Well

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

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ARNG

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 1-2

Groundwater Features

0 2,000 4,000 8,000

Feet
Durepo Pond

Noyes Pond

Malabeam Lake

Ketch Pond

Little Black Brook Lake

Butterfield Lake

Butterfield Brook Pond

Limestone

Stream

Watershed

Black Brook

Watershed

Lower Little

Madawaska River

Watershed

Dagg ett Brook

Kelly

Brook

Masters

Brook

R gi ht Fork B lack Bor

o k

Will ard Brook

Lime st on eStr eam

Gree nlaw Brook

DurepoB rook

Bu tterfi eld Brook

Wol verton Brook

Legend

Facility Boundary

Wetland

River/Stream

Surface Water Flow

Direction

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

LC

10/18/2019

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Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 1-3

Surface Water Features

0 2,000 4,000 8,000

Feet
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

11

2. Fire Training Areas

No FTAs were identified at CTS during the PA. Interviewees whose fist-hand knowledge of the 

former LAFB and MEARNG parcels span from 1991-present stated that no FTAs exist or have 

ever existed on MEARNG parcels. The interviewees’ tenure covers the history of the MEARNG 

parcels following BRAC in 1994 to present day. Current MEARNG personnel also confirmed that 

there is no fire training performed currently on any MEARNG parcels at CTS. The Town of 

Limestone Fire Department responds to emergencies at CTS, but does not perform any fire 

training activities on MEARNG parcels associated with CTS. Multiple former FTAs associated with 

the former LAFB were identified adjacent to the MEARNG CTS, and are discussed in Section 5.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

12

3. Non-Fire Training Areas

Several non-FTAs where AFFF could have been potentially stored and/or released were 

investigated during the PA. A description of each non-FTA is presented below, and the non-FTAs

and are shown on Figure 3-1.

Former Anti-Aircraft Battery (AAB) Site

The Former AAB Site comprises four contiguous parcels (859.6 acres) in the northern section of 

the former LAFB that were originally used as an AAB by the US Army until their transfer to the Air 

Force in 1956. After the removal of the artillery battery the property was used by the Air Force as 

a survival training area. These parcels were transferred to USACE on 28 March 1966. During the 

BRAC at LAFB, these parcels were licensed to MEARNG indefinitely for National Guard Purposes 

on 28 March 1986. No improvements on the land have been made since its ownership by the Air 

Force. The MEARNG uses the property for training purposes. Access roads to the Former AAB 

Site are gated. Due to the heavily wooded nature of the property, surface water drainage is unclear

but is generally anticipated to flow towards the southeast.

According to interviewees, the Former AAB Site has never been used for fire training activities,

and no emergencies have occurred at the parcel that required fire suppression. No evidence 

indicates that AFFF has ever been used or stored at the Former AAB Site. The Former AAB Site 

is located upgradient of adjacent PFAS releases at the former LAFB.

Parcel C-1

Parcel C-1 comprises approximately 132 acres and is located in a forested area east of the former 

LAFB runway. Road access to the parcel is restricted by a gate, concrete barriers, and signage. 

Parcel C-1 includes two former outdoor range facilities: Facility 700 and Facility 701. Facility 700 

is located in the northern portion of Parcel C-1, and Facility 701 comprises the majority of the

remaining acres of the parcel. The facility buildings have no water supply and do not have 

wastewater treatment facilities. Due to the heavily wooded nature of Parcel C-1, surface water 

drainage is unclear but is generally anticipated to flow east. Parcel C-1 is located downgradient 

of several adjacent PFAS release areas at the former LAFB, including releases at the former FTA 

FT-07, a B-52 crash site, and the runway.

According to interviewees, Parcel C-1 has never been used for fire training activities, and no 

emergencies have occurred at the parcel that required fire suppression. No evidence indicates 

that AFFF has ever been used or stored at Parcel C-1. Parcel C-1 was licensed indefinitely to 

MEARNG for National Guard Purposes by USACE on 4 March 1997.

Parcel C

Parcel C comprises approximately 64 acres and is located in a forested area northwest of the 

former LAFB runway. The parcel was used historically as the former LAFB prime base engineer 

emergency force headquarters but has been used by the MEARNG for training purposes since 

its acquisition. Access to the parcel is restricted by a fenced gate and concrete barriers. The parcel 

contains a single structure, Building 8100. There is no water supply to the building, and no 

wastewater treatment facilities within the parcel. Due to the heavily wooded nature of Parcel C, 

surface water drainage is unclear but is anticipated to flow southwest and south. Parcel C is 

located cross-gradient from potential PFAS releases at the adjacent former LAFB runway.

According to interviewees, Parcel C has never been used for fire training activities and no 

emergencies have occurred at the parcel that required fire suppression. No evidence indicates 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

13

that AFFF has ever been used or stored at Parcel C. Along with Parcel C-1, Parcel C was licensed 

indefinitely to MEARNG for National Guard Purposes by USACE on 4 March 1997.

Loring Controlled Humidity Protection (LCHP) Building

MEARNG operates a 27-acre property located west of the southern end of the former LAFB 

runway that includes the LCHP Building, which serves for cold storage of equipment. The property 

is bounded by Weinman Road to the north, Hickam Drive to the west, and Owens Drive along the

southern and eastern borders. The LCHP site formerly comprised seven buildings previously used 

for military housing: S. Wherry Housing One and Two, and Buildings 4100, 4102, 4108, 4109, and

4111. Garages and storage buildings were also previously present on the property. These 

buildings have all been razed. The property is currently undeveloped with the exception of 

concrete slab foundations and asphalt driveways associated with the previous military residential 

structures, and a cold storage building currently used by the MEARNG.

According to interviewees, the LCHP Building has never been used for fire training activities and 

no emergencies have occurred within the parcel that required fire suppression. No evidence 

indicates that AFFF has ever been used or stored at the LCHPP Building or parcel. The property 

is, however, located downgradient from numerous adjacent PFAS release areas at the former 

LAFB.
Durepo Pond

Noyes

Pond

Malabeam

Lake

Butterfield

Brook Pond

Daggett Broo k

Masters

Brook

Willa rd Brook

Greenlaw Brook

Butter fieldBrook

L

mi e st one

Str ea m

Wolverton Brook

LCHP Building

Parcel C-1

Building 8100

Parcel C

Former

AAB Site

LCHP Property

Legend

No Suspected Release

Facility Boundary

Wetland

River/Stream

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

LC

10/18/2019

10/18/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Caswell Training Site, ME

10/18/2019

1:40,800

PM RG 10/18/2019

Q:\Projects\ENV\GEARS\GEO\ARNG PFAS\900-CAD-GIS\920-GIS or Graphics\MXD\ME\Caswell_Figures\Fig_3-1_Caswell_Training_Non-Fire_Training_Area.mxd

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 3-1

Non-Fire Training Areas

0 1,700 3,400 6,800

Feet
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

15

4. Emergency Response Areas

No emergency response areas for incidents involving the use of AFFF were identified within the 

footprints of the MEARNG properties at the CTS during the PA based on interviews, online 

research, and the Environmental Data Resource (EDR) report (Appendix A). The Aroostook 

County Emergency Management Agency director, whose fist-hand knowledge of the former LAFB 

and MEARNG parcels span 1994-present, stated that no emergencies requiring fire suppression

have occurred on MEARNG parcels since the former LAFB underwent BRAC in 1994. Emergency 

response locations have been identified in areas surrounding the CTS and are described in 

Section 5. 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

16

5. Adjacent Off-Facility Sources

Several potential off-facility sources of PFAS adjacent to CTS, not under the control of MEARNG,

were identified during the PA through interviews, review of the EDR report for a 1-mile radius 

surrounding CTS (Appendix A), and historical document review. A description of each potential 

adjacent source is presented below, and the sources are shown on Figure 5-1.

Former Loring Air Force Base (LAFB)

Fire training and other activities resulting in PFAS releases have occurred in several locations 

associated with the adjacent former LAFB. Fire training activities at the former LAFB occurred at 

two former FTAs: FT-07 and Building 6900. Based on the 2015 PA report for the former LAFB 

(Amex Foster Wheeler, 2015), 21 locations were selected for further study as part of a 2018 SI 

(Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc. [Wood], 2018) (Appendix A). Because Maine 

does not currently have legally enforceable drinking water standards for PFAS, PFAS 

concentrations in samples collected from the former LAFB were screened against the Maine 

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Maximum Exposure Guideline (MEG) 

concentration of 70 nanograms per liter (ng/L), the MEDEP screening levels for beneficial use of 

5.2 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in soil for PFOS and 2.5 μg/L in soil for PFOA, and the MEDEP 

Fish Tissue Remedial Action Guideline for PFOA (0.52 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) and PFOS 

(0.052 mg/L) (Pierce Atwood, 2019). The 21 areas at the former LAFB investigated as part of the 

2018 SI report are identified in Table 5-1 below.

Table 5-1: Loring Air Force Base PFAS Release Locations

Potential LAFB

Release Areas

Nature of Release or Potential Release

FTA FT-07 FTA where AFFF was primarily used at unknown frequency 

between 1970 and 1989. PFAS concentrations in groundwater at 

FT-07 exceed the DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 

2018).

Landfill LF-2 Potentially received PFAS-impacted soil from the former LAFB 

industrial areas. PFAS concentrations in groundwater at LF-2 

exceed the DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Landfill LF-3 Received impacted soil from FT-07, a known AFFF use area, at 

unknown frequency. PFAS concentrations in groundwater at LF-3 

exceed the DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Building 3005 (Structural 

Fire Station)

Active fire station where AFFF was used occasionally during 

testing operations between 1970 and 1994. The facility is 

upgradient from the MEARNG LCHP Building. PFAS 

concentrations in groundwater at Building 3005 exceed the DHHS 

MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Building 6900 (Fire 

Department Training /

Burn House) 

FTA where AFFF equipment was used during training at various 

times and unknown frequency. PFAS concentrations in 

groundwater at Building 6900 exceed the DHHS MEG

concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

17

Potential LAFB

Release Areas

Nature of Release or Potential Release

Building 8202 (Crash 

Fire Station) 

Facility used for storage of 55-gallon drums, 5-gallon buckets, and 

a 750-gallon aboveground storage tank filled with AFFF. Daily,

weekly, and annual testing of AFFF equipment occurred at this 

location between 1970 and 1994. PFAS concentrations in 

groundwater at Building 8202 exceed the DHHS MEG

concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Building 8250 (Arch 

Hangar)

The facility periodically stored AFFF; the timeframe of storage is 

unknown. PFAS concentrations in groundwater at Building 8250 

exceed the DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Building 8260 (Jet 

Engine Maintenance)

A 55-gallon drum of AFFF was punctured by forklift, resulting in 

the discharge of the entirety of its contents onto facility floor in 

1994. PFAS concentrations in groundwater at Building 8260 

exceed the DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Fuel Tank Farm AFFF was applied to a number of fuel spills to minimize fumes and 

prevent ignition at various times and unknown frequency. PFAS 

concentrations in groundwater at the Fuel Tank Farm exceed the 

DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Fuel Dump Area AFFF was applied in response to a 20,000-gallon fuel spill at north 

end of the ramp to prevent ignition on an unknown date. PFAS 

concentrations did not exceed the DHHS MEG during 2016 

sampling (Wood, 2018).

Runway AFFF was sprayed along length of the former LAFB runway 

during equipment testing; the date is unknown. PFAS 

concentrations in groundwater at the runway exceed the DHHS 

MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

KC-135 Crash Site An unknown, large quantity of AFFF was applied to fuel spill from 

crash at southern end of flightline in 1974. PFAS concentrations 

did not exceed the DHHS MEG during 2016 sampling (Wood, 

2018).

B-52 Crash Site An unknown, large quantity of AFFF was applied to north end of 

runway in response to crash in 1984. PFAS concentrations in 

groundwater at the B-52 Crash Site exceed the DHHS MEG

concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Flightline Drainage Ditch 

(FLDD) / Industrial 

Wastewater Treatment 

Facility (IWTF) (Building 

6538)

The unlined drainage ditch received stormwater from areas 

potentially contaminated with AFFF including the flightline, 

hardstands, runway, and industrial shop areas. The former IWTF 

processed stormwater and drainage from the drainage ditch.

PFAS concentrations in groundwater at the FLDD/IWTF exceed 

the DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

18

Potential LAFB

Release Areas

Nature of Release or Potential Release

Wastewater Treatment 

Plant (WWTP)

The WWTP processed industrial wastewater likely containing 

AFFF from the sanitary sewer system, and sludge was dried via 

landfarming on the west side of the WWTP prior to disposal. PFAS 

concentrations in groundwater at the WWTP exceed the DHHS 

MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

Greenlaw Brook Greenlaw Brook receives drainage from numerous AFFF release 

areas associated with the former LAFB. PFAS concentrations in 

surface water of Greenlaw Brook exceed the DHHS MEG

concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018). Additionally, PFAS was 

detected in fish tissue from specimens collected from Greenlaw 

Brook.

Butterfield Brook Butterfield Brook receives drainage from numerous AFFF release

areas associated with the former LAFB. PFAS was detected in fish 

tissue from specimens collected from Greenlaw Brook.

Nose Dock Area:

- Nose Dock 11 Approximately 100- to 200-gallons of AFFF were used to 

extinguish a B-52 aircraft fire in 1970. PFAS concentrations in 

groundwater did not exceed the DHHS MEG during 2016 

sampling (Wood, 2018).

- Building 8740 / 

Nose Dock 40

The facility maintained an AFFF fire suppression system. PFAS 

concentrations in groundwater at Building 8740 exceed the DHHS 

MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

- Building 8744 /

Nose Dock 44

The facility was equipped with an AFFF fire suppression system

that had four documented releases at unknown dates. PFAS 

concentrations in groundwater and surface water at Building 8744 

exceed the DHHS MEG concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).

- Aircraft 

Hardstands and 

ramps

AFFF was applied to occasional fuel spills at these locations at 

various times between 1970 and 1994. Approximately 1000-

gallons of AFFF were applied to a B-52 fuel line spill at Hardstand 

#19 to prevent ignition in the early 1970s. Approximately 500-

gallons of AFFF were applied to a fuel spill on Ramp #1 to prevent 

ignition on an unknown date. PFAS concentrations in groundwater 

at the aircraft hardstands and ramps exceed the DHHS MEG

concentration of 70 ng/L (Wood, 2018).
Malabeam

Lake

Ketch

Pond

WolvertonBrook

Greenlaw Brook

B utterfie ld

Brook

WWTP

Building 6900

(Fire Dept

Training/Burn House)

Fuel Tank

Farm

KC-135

Building Crash Site

6538 (IWTF)

Building 3005

(Structural

Fire Station)

Landfill LF-3 Building 8260

(Jet Engine

Maintenance)

Building 8250

(Arch Hangar)

Landfill LF-2

Building 8202

(Crash Fire

Station)

Building

8740/Nose

Dock 40

Building

8744/Nose

Dock 44

Nose Dock 11 Nose Dock

Area

Fuel Dump Area

FTA FT-07

Runway

B-52 Crash

Site

Legend

Potential PFAS Release

Facility Boundary

Wetland

River/Stream

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

LC

10/18/2019

10/18/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Caswell Training Site, ME

10/18/2019

1:31,680

PM RG 10/18/2019

Q:\Projects\ENV\GEARS\GEO\ARNG PFAS\900-CAD-GIS\920-GIS or Graphics\MXD\ME\Caswell_Figures\Fig_5-1_Caswell_Training_Adjacent_Source.mxd

Base Map: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS,

Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI,

Figure 5-1

Adjacent Source

0 0.25 0.5 1

Miles
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

20

6. Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

Based on the PA findings, no release areas were identified at any MEARNG parcels associated 

with the CTS as a result of MEARNG actions; therefore, a preliminary conceptual site model 

(CSM) is not required for the facility. A CSM identifies three components necessary for a 

potentially complete exposure pathway: (1) source, (2) pathway, (3) receptor. If any of these 

elements are missing, the pathway is considered incomplete. Based on the findings of this PA, 

there are no sources at MEARNG CTS parcels, thus, there is no complete pathway to potential 

receptors from ARNG use of PFAS sources at the facility.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

21

7. Conclusions

This report presents a summary of available information gathered during PA efforts on the use 

and storage of AFFF at CTS. The PA findings are based on personnel interviews, environmental 

investigations and reports, historical documents, and the VSI. The PA findings are based on the 

information presented in Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C.

Findings

No AOIs related to potential PFAS release were identified at any MEARNG parcels associated 

with CTS based on information gathered as part of this PA (Figure 7-1). Based on the documented 

absence of the use/release of PFAS-containing materials at CTS, evidence does not support 

current or former ARNG activities at the facility having contributed to PFAS contamination in soil, 

groundwater, surface water, or sediment at the facility or adjacent areas. 

Adjacent potential PFAS release areas were identified within the vicinity of the MEARNG CTS. 

Numerous confirmed release areas associated with the former LAFB were identified in the former

LAFB 2015 PFC PA report (Amec Foster Wheeler, 2015), including FTAs, a runway, nose dock 

areas, landfills, and several other maintenance and storage areas. PFAS concentrations in 

groundwater exceeded the MEDEP MEG of concentration of 70 ng/L at the majority of those 

locations, as well as in surface water, soil, and fish tissue (Wood, 2018).

As a result of adjacent PFAS releases on the east side of the LAFB runway (such as at FTA FT07), it is possible that PFAS have migrated to surface water, sediment and surface soil in Parcel 

C-1 via overland flow and surface water runoff. Surface water near the numerous PFAS releases 

in the former LAFB cantonment area generally flows southwest towards the LCHP property. As a 

result, it is possible that PFAS have migrated to surface water in the vicinity of the property. PFAS 

releases at the adjacent former LAFB Building 3005 may have also resulted in overland migration 

of PFAS to surface soil on the LCHP property. Although Parcel C and the Former AAB Site are 

cross-gradient and upgradient of the former LAFB PFAS releases, wind dispersion at the time of 

release may have transported PFAS to those parcels as well. Additionally, it is possible that PFAS 

are present in groundwater beneath Parcel C, Parcel C-1, and the LCHP property as a result of 

former LAFB PFAS releases because they are located downgradient from releases.

The following areas discussed in Section 2 through Section 5 were determined to have no 

suspected PFAS releases to the environment (Table 7-1).

Table 7-1: No Suspected Release Areas

No Suspected 

Release Area Used by Rationale for No Suspected Release Determination

Former AAB Site MEARNG No evidence indicates that AFFF has ever been stored or 

used at the CTS by the MEARNG.

Parcel C-1 MEARNG No evidence indicates that AFFF has ever been stored or 

used at on Parcel C-1 by the MEARNG.

Parcel C MEARNG No evidence indicates that AFFF has ever been stored or 

used on Parcel C by the MEARNG.

LCHP Building MEARNG No evidence indicates that AFFF has ever been stored or 

used at the LCHP Building by MEARNG. 

The summary of findings is presented in Figure 7-1.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

22

Uncertainties

A number of information sources were investigated during this PA to determine the potential for 

PFAS-containing materials to have been present, used, or released at the facility. Historically, 

documentation of PFAS use was not required because PFAS were considered benign. Records 

were not typically kept by the ARNG on the use of PFAS in emergency response or by non-ARNG 

units during training events at ARNG facilities. There is no historically documented use of PFAS 

containing materials at CTS.

The conclusions of this PA are predominantly based on the information provided during interviews 

with personnel who had direct first-hand knowledge of the facility. Sometimes, the provided 

information is vague. Gathered information has a degree of uncertainty due to the absence of 

written documentation, the limited number of personnel with direct knowledge due to staffing 

changes, the time passed since PFAS were first used by the ARNG (early 1970s), and a reliance 

on personal recollection. Inaccuracies may arise in potential PFAS storage locations at the CTS. 

There is also a possibility the PA has missed a potential source of PFAS, as the science of how 

PFAS may enter the environment continually evolves.

In order to minimize the level of uncertainty, readily available data regarding the use and potential 

storage of PFAS were reviewed at adjacent sources, multiple persons were interviewed for the 

same potential source area, and potential source areas were visually inspected. 

Due to the numerous PFAS releases at the adjacent former LAFB, PFAS may have migrated to 

MEARNG CTS properties, but the exact fate and transport of PFAS during releases are unknown. 

It is unclear whether PFAS releases east of the LAFB runway migrated overland via surface water 

runoff or via surface water to Parcel C-1. Although MEARNG Parcel C and the Former AAB Site 

are cross-gradient and upgradient of the former LAFB release areas, wind-dispersion at the time 

of release may have resulted in transport of PFAS to those parcels. It is unknown whether PFAS 

released at the former LAFB migrated to Parcel C or the Former AAB Site. Additionally, numerous 

former LAFB PFAS releases have occurred upgradient and upstream of the LCHP property. 

Although there are no wetlands within the LCHP property, overland flow of PFAS releases at the 

adjacent Building 3005 could have resulted in PFAS presence in surface soil at the LCHP 

property.

Potential Future Actions

Interviews (with personnel whose tenure span the entire history of the MEARNG CTS parcels) 

and records indicate that current or former ARNG activities have not resulted in PFAS releases at 

the CTS. Based on the absence of the use or release of PFAS-containing materials at CTS, no 

AOIs were identified during the PA. 

The MEARNG CTS will not move forward in the CERCLA process.
LCHP Property

WWTP

Fuel Tank Farm

KC-135 Crash Site

Landfill LF-3

Landfill LF-2 Building 8250 (Arch Hangar)

Building 8202 (Crash Fire Station)

Building 8744/Nose Dock 44

Nose Dock 11

Fuel Dump Area

FTA FT-07

Runway

B-52 Crash Site

LCHP Building

Parcel C-1

Building 8100

Parcel C

Former

AAB Site

Nose 

Dock 

Area

Building 8740/Nose Dock 40

Building 8260

(Jet Engine Maintenance)

Building 3005

(Structural Fire

Station)

Building

6538 (IWTF)

Building 6900 (Fire

Dept Training/Burn

House)

Durepo

Pond

Noyes

Pond

Ketch

Pond

Butterfield

Lake

Butterfield

Brook Pond

Masters

Brook

Dagg ett Brook

Kelly Brook

Willard

Brook

Wolve rton Br ook

Greenlaw

Brook

Bu tterfi eld Brook

Brandy

Brook

Legend

Potential PFAS Release

No Suspected Release

Facility Boundary

Wetland

River/Stream

­12420 Milestone Center Drive

Germantown, MD 20876

CLIENT

REVISED

SCALE

ARNG

GIS BY

CHK BY

MS

LC

11/12/2019

11/12/2019

NOTES Preliminary Assessment for PFAS at Caswell Training Site, ME

11/12/2019

1:48,000

PM RG 11/12/2019

Q:\Projects\ENV\GEARS\GEO\ARNG PFAS\900-CAD-GIS\920-GIS or Graphics\MXD\ME\Caswell_Figures\Fig_7-1_Caswell_Training_Summary.mxd

Base Map: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,

Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS,

Figure 7-1

Summary of Findings

0 2,000 4,000 8,000

Feet
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

24

8. References

ABB, 1995. Final Loring Air Force Base Fire Training Area and Underground Transformer Site, 

Operable Unit (OU 8) Remedial Investigation Report (AR File Number 795).

Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC), 2011. “Former Loring Air Force Base Community 

Relations Plan, Appendix I.”

Amec Foster Wheeler, 2015. Final Perfluorinated Compounds Preliminary Assessment (PA): 

Former Loring Air Force Base, December.

CH2M Hill, 1983. Installation Restoration Program Phase I – Initial Assessment Records Search 

Report (AR File Number 03).

Environmental Resources Management Inc, (ERM). 1994. Storm Water Pollution Prevention 

Plan, Loring Air Force Base Aroostook County, Maine, (DR File Number 366053).

Harding ESE, Inc., 2000. Final Corrective Action Plan for Groundwater, Loring Air Force Base, 

Limestone, Maine. December 2000.

MEARNG, 2015. Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan Update for Sites and 

Training Installations of the Maine Army National Guard; Fiscal Years 2015-2019.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2019. Data Tools: 1981-2010 Normals. 

https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals. Accessed September 12, 2019.

Pierce Atwood, 2019. Maine PFAS Tracker - Maine Standards and Proposed Actions. 

https://www.pierceatwood.com/maine-pfas-tracker-maine-standards-and-proposed-actions. 

Accessed August 4, 2019

Prescott, Glenn C. 1972. Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Lower Aroostook 

River basin, Maine. Hydrologic Atlas 443, USGS, Dept. of the Interior.

Summit Environmental Consultants, Inc., 2009. Environmental Baseline Study, Maine Army 

National Guard, Proposed Loring CHP Site, Limestone, Maine. September 2009.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1991. Guidance for Performing

Preliminary Assessments under CERCLA. September 1991.

Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions, Inc., 2018. Site Inspection Report for Aqueous 

Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Areas at Former Loring Air Force Base, Maine.
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report 

Caswell Training Site, Maine 

Appendix A 

Data Resources 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site, Maine

Data Resources will be provided separately on CD. Data Resources for Caswell Training Site

includes:

Caswell Training Site Background Information Sources

• 2009 Environmental Baseline Study for the MEARNG Proposed Loring CHP Site

• 2015-2019 Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan Update for Site and Training 

Installations of the Maine Army National Guard

• 2018 Preliminary Assessment Pre-Interview Form

Real Property Documents

• 1966 Transfer and Acceptance of Military Real Property for 859.60 Acres

• 1981 Department of the Army License for National Guard Purposes for DACA-3-81-183

• 1986 Department of the Army License for National Guard Purposes for DACA51-3-86-584

• 1999 Department of the Army License for DACA33-3-00-012

Caswell Training Site EDR Report

• 2019 Caswell Training Site EDR Report 5715041

Loring Air Force Base PFAS Investigations

• 2015 Final Perfluorinated Compounds Preliminary Assessment at Former Loring Air Force 

Base, Maine

• 2018 Final Site Inspection Report for Aqueous Film Forming Foam Areas at Former Loring 

Air Force Base, Maine

• 2018 Final Site Inspection Report for Aqueous Film Forming Foam Areas at Former Loring 

Air Force Base, Maine Appendices
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report 

Caswell Training Site, Maine 

Appendix B 

Preliminary Assessment Documentation 
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report 

Caswell Training Site, Maine 

Appendix B.1 

Interview Records 
Aroostook County EMA Director

PA Interview Questionnaire Facility:_Caswell Training Site__

Interviewer:_Joe Witte_________

Date/Time:_10/26/2018;_10:00am__

Interviewee:__Peter Forbes_____________

Title:_Air Force/BRAC Caretaker

Phone Number:_207-328-7109x7_________

Email:_ peter.forbes@us.af.mil_____

Can your name/role be used in the PA Report? Y or N 

Can you recommend anyone we can interview?

Y or N _Fire Department Staff________________

1. Roles or activities with the Facility/years working at the Facility.

BRAC Caretaker

Environmental PM for Air Force; 1991-Present

2. Where can I find previous facility ownership information?

Air Force PA already written. Air Force Administrative Record available in public domain.

3. What can you tell us about the history of PFAS including aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) at the 

Facility? Was it used for any of the following activities, circle all that apply and indicate years of active 

use, if known? Identify these locations on a facility map. 

Maintenance – Not on MEARNG property

Fire Training Areas – Not on MEARNG property, but nearby; unknown if MEARNG used FTA

Firefighting (Active Fire) – No MEARNG firefighting units

Crash – No known crashes

Fire Suppression Systems (Hangers/Dining Facilities) – None suspected on MEARNG properties

Fire Protection at Fueling Stations – None suspected on MEARNG properties

Non-Technical/Recreational/ Pest Management - None suspected on MEARNG properties

Metals Plating Facility - None suspected on MEARNG properties

Waterproofing Uniforms (Laundry Facilities) - None suspected on MEARNG properties

Other

4. Fill out CSM Information worksheet with the Environmental Manager. 

5. Are any current buildings constructed with AFFF dispensing systems or fire suppression systems? 

What are the AFFF/suppression system test requirements? What is the frequency of testing the 

AFFF/suppression system? Do you have “As Built” drawings for the buildings?

Not on any MEARNG parcels.
PA Interview Questionnaire Facility:_Caswell Training Site__

Interviewer:_Joe Witte_________

Date/Time:_10/26/2018;_10:00am__

6. Are fire suppression systems currently charged with AFFF or have they been retrofitted for use of 

high expansion foam? If retrofitted, when was that done?

Unknown.

7. How is AFFF procured? Do you have an inventory/procurement system that tracks use? 

Unknown.

8. What type of AFFF has been/is being used (3%, 6%, Mil Spec Mil-F-24385, High Expansion)? 

Manufacturer (3M, Dupont, Ansul, National Foam, Angus, Chemguard, Buckeye, Fire Service Plus)?

Unknown.

9. Where is the AFFF stored? How is it stored (tanks, 55-gallon drums, 5-gallon buckets)? What 

size are the storage tanks? Is the AFFF stored as a mixed solution (3% or 6%) or concentrated 

material?

Unknown, see reports. 

10. How many FTAs are/were on this facility and where are they? Locate on a map. How many FTAs 

are active and inactive? For inactive FTAs, when was the last time that fire training using AFFF 

was conducted at them? 

One former LAFB FTA located on the northeast side of the runway. Several other current and 

former fire stations where AFFF may have been stored or used.
PA Interview Questionnaire Facility:_Caswell Training Site__

Interviewer:_Joe Witte_________

Date/Time:_10/26/2018;_10:00am__

11. When a release of AFFF occurs during a fire training exercise, now and in the past, how is the 

AFFF cleaned and disposed of? Were retention ponds built to store discharged AFFF? Was the 

AFFF trickled to the sanitary sewer or left in the pond to infiltrate?

Unknown.

12. Can you recall specific times when city, county, and/or state personnel came on-post for training? If so, 

please state which state/county agency or military entity? Do you have any records, including 

photographs to share with us?

No

13. Did military routinely or occasionally fire train off-post? List the units that you can recall used/trained 

at various areas.

Unknown.

14. Did individual units come with their own safety personnel, did they also bring their own AFFF? Was 

training with AFFF part of these exercises? How were emergencies handled under these circumstances?

Unknown.

15. Are there specific emergency response incident reports (i.e., aircraft or vehicle 

crash sites and fires)? If so, may we please copy these reports? Who (entity) was 

the responder?

No, but specific accounts of releases are detailed in the Air Force PFAS PA 

reports. 
PA Interview Questionnaire Facility:_Caswell Training Site__

Interviewer:_Joe Witte_________

Date/Time:_10/26/2018;_10:00am__

16. Do you have records of fuel spill logs? Was it common practice to wash away fuel spills with

AFFF? Is/was AFFF used as a precaution in response to fuel releases or emergency runway 

landings to prevent fires?

No, but AFFF releases in response to fuel spills are outlined in the Air Force PFAS PA report.

17. Was AFFF used for forest fires or fire management on-post/off-post? If so, please describe what 

happened and who was involved?

No AFFF is believed to have been used to fight forest fires.

18. Are there mutual aid/use agreements between county, city, and local fire department? Please list, even 

if informal. If formalized, may we have a copy of the agreement?

Unknown

19. Can you provide any other locations where AFFF has been stored, released, or used (i.e. hangars, 

buildings, fire stations, firefighting equipment testing and maintenance areas, emergency response

sites, storm water/surface water, waste treatment plants, and AFFF ponds)?

See previously written Air Force PFAS reports. 

20. Are you aware of any other creative uses of AFFF? If so, how was AFFF used? What entities were 

involved?

Numerous uses at former Loring Air Force Base. None known at MEARNG parcels.
PA Interview Questionnaire Facility:_Caswell Training Site__

Interviewer:_Joe Witte_________

Date/Time:_10/26/2018;_10:00am__

21. Are there past studies you are aware of with environmental information on plants/animals/ 

groundwater/soil types, etc., such as Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plans or Integrated 

Natural Resources Management Plans?

Yes, Air Force PA and SI should be available through the Air Force administrative record.

22. What other records might be helpful to us (environmental compliance, investigation records, admin 

record) and where can we find them?

See above

23. Do you have or did you have a chrome plating shop on base? What were/are the years of operation

of that chrome plating shop?

No.

24. Do you know whether the shop has/had a foam blanket mist suppression system or used a fume 

hood for emissions control? If foam blanket mist suppression was used, where was the foam 

stored, mixed, applied, etc.?

NA

25. How is off-spec AFFF disposed (used for training, turned in, or given to a local Fire Station)? If 

applicable, do you know the name of the vendor that removes off-spec AFFF? Do you have copies of 

the manifest or B/L?

Unknown
PA Interview Questionnaire Facility:_Caswell Training Site__

Interviewer:_Joe Witte_________

Date/Time:_10/26/2018;_10:00am__

26. Do you recommend anyone else we can interview? If so, do you have contact information for them?

Current and former Fire Department staff.

PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report 

Caswell Training Site, Maine 

Appendix B.2 

Visual Site Inspection Checklists 
Visual Site Inspection Checklist

Names(s) of people performing VSI:

Recorded by:

ARNG Contact:

Date and Time:

Method of visit (walking, driving, adjacent):

Source/Release Information

Site Name / Area Name / Unique ID:

Historic Site Use (Brief Description):

Current Site Use (Brief Description):

Physical barriers or access restrictions:

1. Was PFAS used (or spilled) at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If yes, document how PFAS was used and usage time (e.g., fire fighting training 2001 to 2014):

2. Has usage been documented? Y / N

2a. If yes, keep a record (place electronic files on a disk):

3. What types of businesses are located near the site? Industrial / Commercial / Plating / Waterproofing / Residential

3a. Indicate what businesses are located near the site

4. Is this site located at an airport/flightline? Y / N

4a. If yes, provide a description of the airport/flightline tenants:

Site / Area Acreage:

Page 1 of 4

J. Witte, M. Leeper, T. Peck, E. Barton

J. Witte

M. Leeper

July 2, 2019

Walking

Building 3005 - Structural Fire Station (adjacent source)

Building = 0.23 acres

Same as current

Structural Fire Station

None

AFFF was stored at the site and occasionally used in equipment testing

NA

US Defense Department, Loring Jobs Center, MEARNG cold storage

Yes, located near the southern end of the former LAFB runway
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Does the facility have a fire suppression system? Y / N

1a. If yes, indicate which type of AFFF has been used:

1b. If yes, describe maintenance schedule/leaks:

1c. If yes, how often is the AFFF replaced:

1d. If yes, does the facility have floor drains and where do they lead? Can we obtain an as built drawing?

Transport / Pathway Information

1. Does site/area drainage flow off installation? Y / N

1a. If so, note observation and location:

2. Is there channelized flow within the site/area? Y / N

2a. If so, please note observation and location:

3. Are monitoring or drinking water wells located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location:

4. Are surface water intakes located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location:

5. Can wind dispersion information be obtained? Y / N

5a. If so, please note and observe the location.

6. Does an adjacent non-ARNG PFAS source exist? Y / N

6a. If so, please note the source and location.

6b. Will off-site reconnaissance be conducted? Y / N

Other Significant Site Features:

Migration Potential:

Page 2 of 4

No

NA

NA

Unknown

This is an adjacent facility. Drainage flows along the roads surrounding the fire

station

No

A well listed by the Maine database is located ~0.5 miles to the southwest

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.5 miles of Building

3005 in every direction

No

Yes, other adjacent PFAS release areas associated with LAFB are nearby
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Has the infrastructure changed at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If so, please describe change (ex. Structures no longer exist):

2. Is the site/area vegetated? Y / N

2a. If not vegetated, briefly describe the site/area composition:

3. Does the site or area exhibit evidence of erosion? Y / N

3a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the erosion: 

4. Does the site/area exhibit any areas of ponding or standing water? Y / N

4a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the ponding: 

Receptor Information

1. Is access to the site restricted? Y / N

1a. If so, please note to what extent:

2. Who can access the site?

2a. Circle all that apply, note any not covered above:

3. Are residential areas located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location/distance:

4. Are any schools/day care centers located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

5. Are any wetlands located near the site? Y / N

5a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

Significant Topographical Features:

Site Workers / Construction Workers / Trespassers / Residential / Recreational

Users / Ecological

Page 3 of 4

No

Yes

No

No visible standing water

No

Anyone

0.5 miles to the northwest

No

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.5 miles of

Building 3005 in every direction
Visual Survey Inspection Log

Additional Notes

Photographic Log

Photo ID/Name Date & Location Photograph Description

Page 4 of 4
Visual Site Inspection Checklist

Names(s) of people performing VSI:

Recorded by:

ARNG Contact:

Date and Time:

Method of visit (walking, driving, adjacent):

Source/Release Information

Site Name / Area Name / Unique ID:

Historic Site Use (Brief Description):

Current Site Use (Brief Description):

Physical barriers or access restrictions:

1. Was PFAS used (or spilled) at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If yes, document how PFAS was used and usage time (e.g., fire fighting training 2001 to 2014):

2. Has usage been documented? Y / N

2a. If yes, keep a record (place electronic files on a disk):

3. What types of businesses are located near the site? Industrial / Commercial / Plating / Waterproofing / Residential

3a. Indicate what businesses are located near the site

4. Is this site located at an airport/flightline? Y / N

4a. If yes, provide a description of the airport/flightline tenants:

Site / Area Acreage:

Page 1 of 4

J. Witte, M. Leeper, T. Peck, E. Barton

J. Witte

M. Leeper

July 2, 2019

Walking

Building 6900 - FD Training/Burn House (adjacent source)

Building = 0.01 acres

FD training

None

None

AFFF was used at the site during training

No

Loring Development Authority

Yes, located southwest of theformer LAFB runway
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Does the facility have a fire suppression system? Y / N

1a. If yes, indicate which type of AFFF has been used:

1b. If yes, describe maintenance schedule/leaks:

1c. If yes, how often is the AFFF replaced:

1d. If yes, does the facility have floor drains and where do they lead? Can we obtain an as built drawing?

Transport / Pathway Information

1. Does site/area drainage flow off installation? Y / N

1a. If so, note observation and location:

2. Is there channelized flow within the site/area? Y / N

2a. If so, please note observation and location:

3. Are monitoring or drinking water wells located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location:

4. Are surface water intakes located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location:

5. Can wind dispersion information be obtained? Y / N

5a. If so, please note and observe the location.

6. Does an adjacent non-ARNG PFAS source exist? Y / N

6a. If so, please note the source and location.

6b. Will off-site reconnaissance be conducted? Y / N

Other Significant Site Features:

Migration Potential:

Page 2 of 4

No, but AFFF was formerly used here

NA

NA

No known drains

This is an adjacent facility. Drainage flows along the roads surrounding the fire

station

No

Wells listed by the Maine database are located within ~1.2 miles to the southeast, southwest, and west

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.2 miles to the 

east, north, and west

No

Yes, other adjacent PFAS release areas associated with LAFB are nearby
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Has the infrastructure changed at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If so, please describe change (ex. Structures no longer exist):

2. Is the site/area vegetated? Y / N

2a. If not vegetated, briefly describe the site/area composition:

3. Does the site or area exhibit evidence of erosion? Y / N

3a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the erosion: 

4. Does the site/area exhibit any areas of ponding or standing water? Y / N

4a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the ponding: 

Receptor Information

1. Is access to the site restricted? Y / N

1a. If so, please note to what extent:

2. Who can access the site?

2a. Circle all that apply, note any not covered above:

3. Are residential areas located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location/distance:

4. Are any schools/day care centers located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

5. Are any wetlands located near the site? Y / N

5a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

Significant Topographical Features:

Site Workers / Construction Workers / Trespassers / Residential / Recreational

Users / Ecological

Page 3 of 4

No

Yes (mixed paved and grassy surfaces)

No

No visible standing water

No

Anyone

0.8 miles to the southeast (including agricultural space)

No

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.2 miles to 

the east, north, and west
Visual Survey Inspection Log

Additional Notes

Photographic Log

Photo ID/Name Date & Location Photograph Description

Page 4 of 4
Visual Site Inspection Checklist

Names(s) of people performing VSI:

Recorded by:

ARNG Contact:

Date and Time:

Method of visit (walking, driving, adjacent):

Source/Release Information

Site Name / Area Name / Unique ID:

Historic Site Use (Brief Description):

Current Site Use (Brief Description):

Physical barriers or access restrictions:

1. Was PFAS used (or spilled) at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If yes, document how PFAS was used and usage time (e.g., fire fighting training 2001 to 2014):

2. Has usage been documented? Y / N

2a. If yes, keep a record (place electronic files on a disk):

3. What types of businesses are located near the site? Industrial / Commercial / Plating / Waterproofing / Residential

3a. Indicate what businesses are located near the site

4. Is this site located at an airport/flightline? Y / N

4a. If yes, provide a description of the airport/flightline tenants:

Site / Area Acreage:

Page 1 of 4

J. Witte, M. Leeper, T. Peck, E. Barton

J. Witte

M. Leeper

July 2, 2019

Walking

Building 8202 - Crash Fire Station (adjacent source)

Building = 0.64 acres

Same as current

Crash Fire Station

None

AFFF was stored at the site and occasionally used in equipment testing

NA

Loring Development Authority, former LAFB runway

Yes, located adjacent to the former LAFB runway
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Does the facility have a fire suppression system? Y / N

1a. If yes, indicate which type of AFFF has been used:

1b. If yes, describe maintenance schedule/leaks:

1c. If yes, how often is the AFFF replaced:

1d. If yes, does the facility have floor drains and where do they lead? Can we obtain an as built drawing?

Transport / Pathway Information

1. Does site/area drainage flow off installation? Y / N

1a. If so, note observation and location:

2. Is there channelized flow within the site/area? Y / N

2a. If so, please note observation and location:

3. Are monitoring or drinking water wells located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location:

4. Are surface water intakes located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location:

5. Can wind dispersion information be obtained? Y / N

5a. If so, please note and observe the location.

6. Does an adjacent non-ARNG PFAS source exist? Y / N

6a. If so, please note the source and location.

6b. Will off-site reconnaissance be conducted? Y / N

Other Significant Site Features:

Migration Potential:

Page 2 of 4

No, but it formerly stored AFFF

NA

NA

Unknown

This is an adjacent facility. Drainage flows along the roads surrounding the fire

station

No

Wells listed by the Maine database are located ~1.5 miles to the southwest and 3 

miles to the northeast

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.75 miles of the 

fire station to the east and west

No

Yes, other adjacent PFAS release areas associated with LAFB are nearby
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Has the infrastructure changed at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If so, please describe change (ex. Structures no longer exist):

2. Is the site/area vegetated? Y / N

2a. If not vegetated, briefly describe the site/area composition:

3. Does the site or area exhibit evidence of erosion? Y / N

3a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the erosion: 

4. Does the site/area exhibit any areas of ponding or standing water? Y / N

4a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the ponding: 

Receptor Information

1. Is access to the site restricted? Y / N

1a. If so, please note to what extent:

2. Who can access the site?

2a. Circle all that apply, note any not covered above:

3. Are residential areas located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location/distance:

4. Are any schools/day care centers located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

5. Are any wetlands located near the site? Y / N

5a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

Significant Topographical Features:

Site Workers / Construction Workers / Trespassers / Residential / Recreational

Users / Ecological

Page 3 of 4

No

Yes (mixed paved and grassy surfaces)

No

No visible standing water

No

Anyone

1.4 miles to the west

No

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.75 miles 

of the fire station to the east and west
Visual Survey Inspection Log

Additional Notes

Photographic Log

Photo ID/Name Date & Location Photograph Description

Page 4 of 4
Visual Site Inspection Checklist

Names(s) of people performing VSI:

Recorded by:

ARNG Contact:

Date and Time:

Method of visit (walking, driving, adjacent):

Source/Release Information

Site Name / Area Name / Unique ID:

Historic Site Use (Brief Description):

Current Site Use (Brief Description):

Physical barriers or access restrictions:

1. Was PFAS used (or spilled) at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If yes, document how PFAS was used and usage time (e.g., fire fighting training 2001 to 2014):

2. Has usage been documented? Y / N

2a. If yes, keep a record (place electronic files on a disk):

3. What types of businesses are located near the site? Industrial / Commercial / Plating / Waterproofing / Residential

3a. Indicate what businesses are located near the site

4. Is this site located at an airport/flightline? Y / N

4a. If yes, provide a description of the airport/flightline tenants:

Site / Area Acreage:

Page 1 of 4

J. Witte, M. Leeper, T. Peck, E. Barton

J. Witte

M. Leeper

July 2, 2019

Walking

LCHP Building (Cold Storage)

Parcel = 27.9 acres; LCHP Building = 0.24 acres

military housing, garages and storage buildings

Cold storage building

None

No

NA

US Defense Department, Loring Jobs Center, structural fire station

Yes, located near the southern end of the former LAFB runway
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Does the facility have a fire suppression system? Y / N

1a. If yes, indicate which type of AFFF has been used:

1b. If yes, describe maintenance schedule/leaks:

1c. If yes, how often is the AFFF replaced:

1d. If yes, does the facility have floor drains and where do they lead? Can we obtain an as built drawing?

Transport / Pathway Information

1. Does site/area drainage flow off installation? Y / N

1a. If so, note observation and location:

2. Is there channelized flow within the site/area? Y / N

2a. If so, please note observation and location:

3. Are monitoring or drinking water wells located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location:

4. Are surface water intakes located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location:

5. Can wind dispersion information be obtained? Y / N

5a. If so, please note and observe the location.

6. Does an adjacent non-ARNG PFAS source exist? Y / N

6a. If so, please note the source and location.

6b. Will off-site reconnaissance be conducted? Y / N

Other Significant Site Features:

Migration Potential:

Page 2 of 4

No

NA

NA

Unknown

Yes, drainage potentially flows off the MEARNG parcel

No

A well listed by the Maine database is located ~0.5 miles to the southwest

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.5 miles of the

LCHP Building in every direction

No

Yes, the former LAFB structural fire station is 0.25 miles northeast of the LCHP

building
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Has the infrastructure changed at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If so, please describe change (ex. Structures no longer exist):

2. Is the site/area vegetated? Y / N

2a. If not vegetated, briefly describe the site/area composition:

3. Does the site or area exhibit evidence of erosion? Y / N

3a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the erosion: 

4. Does the site/area exhibit any areas of ponding or standing water? Y / N

4a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the ponding: 

Receptor Information

1. Is access to the site restricted? Y / N

1a. If so, please note to what extent:

2. Who can access the site?

2a. Circle all that apply, note any not covered above:

3. Are residential areas located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location/distance:

4. Are any schools/day care centers located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

5. Are any wetlands located near the site? Y / N

5a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

Significant Topographical Features:

Site Workers / Construction Workers / Trespassers / Residential / Recreational

Users / Ecological

Page 3 of 4

Yes, former military housing structures were razed and a cold storage building

was constructed

Yes

No

No visible standing water

No

Anyone

0.5 miles to the northwest

No

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.5 miles of the

LCHP Building in every direction
Visual Survey Inspection Log

Additional Notes

Photographic Log

Photo ID/Name Date & Location Photograph Description

Page 4 of 4
Visual Site Inspection Checklist

Names(s) of people performing VSI:

Recorded by:

ARNG Contact:

Date and Time:

Method of visit (walking, driving, adjacent):

Source/Release Information

Site Name / Area Name / Unique ID:

Historic Site Use (Brief Description):

Current Site Use (Brief Description):

Physical barriers or access restrictions:

1. Was PFAS used (or spilled) at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If yes, document how PFAS was used and usage time (e.g., fire fighting training 2001 to 2014):

2. Has usage been documented? Y / N

2a. If yes, keep a record (place electronic files on a disk):

3. What types of businesses are located near the site? Industrial / Commercial / Plating / Waterproofing / Residential

3a. Indicate what businesses are located near the site

4. Is this site located at an airport/flightline? Y / N

4a. If yes, provide a description of the airport/flightline tenants:

Site / Area Acreage:

Page 1 of 4

J. Witte, M. Leeper, T. Peck, E. Barton

J. Witte

M. Leeper

July 2, 2019

Walking

Nose Dock Area (adjacent source)

300 acres

Nose docks for LAFB aircrafts

Mostly abandoned nose docks. A few are still operable.

None

AFFF was stored, used in testing, and accidentally released numerous times

See LAFB 2015 PA and 2018 SI reports

Loring Commerce Center, Crash Fire Station

Yes, located adjacent to the former LAFB runway
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Does the facility have a fire suppression system? Y / N

1a. If yes, indicate which type of AFFF has been used:

1b. If yes, describe maintenance schedule/leaks:

1c. If yes, how often is the AFFF replaced:

1d. If yes, does the facility have floor drains and where do they lead? Can we obtain an as built drawing?

Transport / Pathway Information

1. Does site/area drainage flow off installation? Y / N

1a. If so, note observation and location:

2. Is there channelized flow within the site/area? Y / N

2a. If so, please note observation and location:

3. Are monitoring or drinking water wells located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location:

4. Are surface water intakes located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location:

5. Can wind dispersion information be obtained? Y / N

5a. If so, please note and observe the location.

6. Does an adjacent non-ARNG PFAS source exist? Y / N

6a. If so, please note the source and location.

6b. Will off-site reconnaissance be conducted? Y / N

Other Significant Site Features:

Migration Potential:

Page 2 of 4

Formerly

NA

NA

Unknown

This is an adjacent facility. Drainage flows along the roads surrounding the fire

station

No

A well listed by the Maine database is located ~1.5 miles to the southwest, and

another 3 miles to the east

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.5 miles to the

north, northwest, and west

No

Yes, other adjacent PFAS release areas associated with LAFB are nearby
Visual Survey Inspection Log

1. Has the infrastructure changed at the site/area? Y / N

1a. If so, please describe change (ex. Structures no longer exist):

2. Is the site/area vegetated? Y / N

2a. If not vegetated, briefly describe the site/area composition:

3. Does the site or area exhibit evidence of erosion? Y / N

3a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the erosion: 

4. Does the site/area exhibit any areas of ponding or standing water? Y / N

4a. If yes, describe the location and extent of the ponding: 

Receptor Information

1. Is access to the site restricted? Y / N

1a. If so, please note to what extent:

2. Who can access the site?

2a. Circle all that apply, note any not covered above:

3. Are residential areas located near the site? Y / N

3a. If so, please note the location/distance:

4. Are any schools/day care centers located near the site? Y / N

4a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

5. Are any wetlands located near the site? Y / N

5a. If so, please note the location/distance/type:

Significant Topographical Features:

Site Workers / Construction Workers / Trespassers / Residential / Recreational

Users / Ecological

Page 3 of 4

No

Mixed, paved and grassy surfaces

No

No visible standing water

No

Anyone

1 mile to the southwest

No

Freshwater wetlands, streams and a lake are located within 0.5 miles to the

north, northwest, and west
Visual Survey Inspection Log

Additional Notes

Photographic Log

Photo ID/Name Date & Location Photograph Description

Page 4 of 4
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report 

Caswell Training Site, Maine 

Appendix B.3 

Conceptual Site Model Information 
Preliminary Assessment – Conceptual Site Model Information

Site Name:

Why has this location been identified as a site?

Are there any other activities nearby that could also impact this location?

Training Events

Have any training events with AFFF occurred at this site?

If so, how often?

How much material was used? Is it documented?

Identify Potential Pathways: Do we have enough information to fully understand over land surface 

water flow, groundwater flow, and geological formations on and around the facility? Any direct 

pathways to larger water bodies?

Surface Water:

Surface water flow direction?

Average rainfall?

Any flooding during rainy season?

Direct or indirect pathway to ditches?

Direct or indirect pathway to larger bodies of water?

Does surface water pond any place on site?

Any impoundment areas or retention ponds?

Any NPDES location points near the site?

How does surface water drain on and around the flight line?

Caswell Training Site

Facility is located on parcels formerly operated by the Air Force at a very large installation.

Yes, former Loring Air Force Base has several documented PFAS release areas

Not on any MEARNG parcels.

Specific volume releases at the adjacent former LAFB can be found in the Air Force PA

and SI report included in Appendix A.

NA

Generally east and west away from the LAFB runway

38 inches annually

No

Drainage channels vary from parcel to parcel

Butterfield Brook, Greenlaw Brook, others

No ponding on MEARNG parcels

No

Unknown

east and west of the runway
Preliminary Assessment – Conceptual Site Model Information

Groundwater:

Groundwater flow direction?

Depth to groundwater?

Uses (agricultural, drinking water, irrigation)?

Any groundwater treatment systems? 

Any groundwater monitoring well locations near the site?

Is groundwater used for drinking water?

Are there drinking water supply wells on installation?

Do they serve off-post populations?

Are there off-post drinking water wells downgradient 

Waste Water Treatment Plant:

Has the installation ever had a WWTP, past or present?

If so, do we understand the process and which water is/was treated at the plant? 

Do we understand the fate of sludge waste?

Is surface water from potential contaminated sites treated?

Equipment Rinse Water

1. Is firefighting equipment washed? Where does the rinse water go?

2. Are nozzles tested? How often are nozzles tested? Where are nozzles tested? Are nozzles cleaned after 

use? Where does the rinse water flow after cleaning nozzles?

3. Other?

east-west direction, with the eastern portion draining to Butterfield Brook, and the 

western portion draining toward Greenlaw Brook and the flightline drainage ditch

During SI work at LAFB, depth ranged from approximately 14-85 bgs

No known uses; domestic wells exist nearby

Not on MEARNG parcels

Maybe (GW collected as part of Air Force SI)

Not on MEARNG parcels

No

NA

Yes

Not one associated with MEARNG parcels

NA

Sludge was dried adjacent to the WWTP before disposal

NA

NA - none used on MEARNG parcels

NA
Preliminary Assessment – Conceptual Site Model Information

Identify Potential Receptors:

Site Worker 

Construction Worker 

Recreational User

Residential 

Child 

Ecological

Note what is located near by the site (e.g. daycare, schools, hospitals, churches, agricultural, livestock)?

Documentation

Ask for Engineering drawings (if applicable).

Has there been a reconstruction or changes to the drainage system? When did that occur?

No PFAS releases at MEARNG CTS, therefore, no receptors
PFAS Preliminary Assessment Report 

Caswell Training Site, Maine 

Appendix C 

Photographic Log 
Appendix C - Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary 

Assessment for PFAS

Caswell Training Site Aroostook County, Maine

Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site

Perfluorooctane-Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and 

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites 

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

Photograph No.

Description:

Access road to the MEARNG 

former AAB Site restricted by 

gate.

Orientation:

North

Date 7/2/2019

Time 14:40

Photograph No.

Description:

MEARNG LCHP building 

located west of the southern 

end of the former LAFB 

runway

Orientation:

West

Date 7/2/2019

Time 13:30

AECOM Page 1 of 2
Appendix C - Photographic Log

Army National Guard, Preliminary 

Assessment for PFAS

Caswell Training Site Aroostook County, Maine

Preliminary Assessment Report

Caswell Training Site

Perfluorooctane-Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and 

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Impacted Sites 

ARNG Installations, Nationwide

Photograph No.

Description:

Historical photo of possible 

AFFF use by the former Paul 

L. Barnes Loring Fire 

Department at the former 

LAFB

Orientation:

NA

Date 7/2/2019

Time 9:00

Photograph No.

Description:

Former Paul L. Barnes Loring 

Fire Department Structural 

Fire Station (adjacent source) 

located 0.2 miles northeast of 

the MEARNG LCHP Building

Orientation:

Northwest

Date 7/2/2019

Time 13:00

AECOM Page 2 of 2