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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

: PENNSYLVANIA

:

v. :

:

FRANK D. CLEMENT :

:

Appellant :

: No. 1534 WDA 2015

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence September 18, 2015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County 

Criminal Division No(s): CP-25-CR-0002345-2014

BEFORE: BOWES, DUBOW, and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED AUGUST 31, 2016

Appellant, Frank D. Clement, appeals from the Judgment of Sentence 

entered on September 18, 2015, in the Court of Common Pleas in Erie 

County after his convictions for 20 counts of Possession of Child 

Pornography.1 After careful review, we find Appellant’s proportionality 

challenge to the constitutionality of his sentence based on Article I, Section 

13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution undeveloped and, therefore, waived. 

Accordingly, we affirm.

 

1 18 Pa.C.S. § 6312(d).
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In 2002, Appellant pled guilty to federal charges of Possession of 

Material Depicting Sexual Exploitation of a Minor.2 On May 7, 2015, 

Appellant pled guilty to 20 counts of Possession of Child Pornography. 

Because of his prior federal child pornography conviction, Appellant was 

sentenced under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9718.2, which provides a mandatory minimum 

sentence of 25 years for recidivist offenders.3 On September 18, 2015, the 

trial court sentenced Appellant to concurrent sentences on each of the 

twenty convictions, resulting in an aggregate sentence of 25 years’ to 50 

years’ incarceration. 

 

2 18 U.S.C. § 2252.

3 The sentencing statue at issue provides, in relevant part: 

(a) Mandatory sentence. –

(1) Any person who is convicted in any court of this 

Commonwealth of an offense set forth in section 9799.14 

(relating to sexual offenses and tier system) shall, if at the 

time of the commission of the current offense the person 

had previously been convicted of an offense set forth in 

section 9799.14 or an equivalent crime under the laws of 

this Commonwealth in effect at the time of the commission 

of that offense or an equivalent crime in another 

jurisdiction, be sentenced to a minimum sentence of at 

least 25 years of total confinement, notwithstanding any 

other provision of this title or other statute to the contrary. 

42 Pa.C.S. § 9718.2(a)(1). 

Appellant was previously convicted of 18 U.S.C. § 2252, one of the 

crimes enumerated in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.14(b)(12).
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After the denial of his Motion for Reconsideration, Appellant timely 

appealed. Both Appellant and the trial court satisfied the requirements of 

Pa.R.A.P. 1925. 

Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:

1. The sentence imposed in this case under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9718.2 

and the Statute itself is unconstitutional because they violate 

the prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments contained 

in Article I, § 13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution and state 

substantive due process.

2. The sentence imposed is unconstitutional because it violates 

the proportionality requirement of Article I, § 13 and 

substantive due process under the Pennsylvania Constitution. 

Appellant’s Brief at 1.

Appellant’s challenge to the constitutionality of his sentence is a pure 

question of law. Brown v. Levy, 73 A.3d 514, 517 (Pa. 2013). Therefore, 

our scope of review is plenary and our standard of review is de novo. Id. 

In addressing constitutional challenges, we are mindful that

there is a strong presumption that legislative enactments are 

constitutional. Commonwealth v. Barud, [ ] 681 A.2d 162, 

165 (Pa. 1996). For an act to be declared unconstitutional, 

appellant must prove that the act “clearly, palpably and plainly” 

violates the constitution. Id. (citation omitted). All doubts are to 

be resolved in favor of sustaining a statute; thus an appellant 

has the heavy burden of persuasion when challenging the 

constitutionality of a statute. Pennsylvania School Boards 

Association, Inc. v. Commonwealth Association of School 

Administrators, [ ] 805 A.2d 476, 479 (2002).

Commonwealth v. Nguyen, 834 A.2d 1205, 1208 (Pa. Super. 2003)

Appellant bases both of his issues on a contention that because 

Pennsylvania’s Constitution “is more stringent regarding the issue of Cruel 
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and Unusual Punishment than is the United States Constitution,” the 

mandatory minimum contained in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9718.2(a)(1) violates Article 

I, Section 13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution prohibiting the infliction of 

cruel punishment. Appellant’s Brief at 4 (without citation to authority). 

Appellant states that the decision in Alleyne v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 

2151 (U.S. 2013), “based on the 5th and 6th Amendments to the Federal 

Constitution as interpreted in Apprendi v. N.J., 530 U.S. 466 (2000), ... 

implies that ’cookie cutter’ mandatory minimum sentencing schemes, such 

as the one at hand, should be highly scrutinized.” Appellant’s Brief at 5. He 

further argues that the application of Section 9718.2 resulted in an 

impermissibly disproportionate sentence because he “never committed a 

hands-on sex offense,” and he received “a greater punishment than many 

who perpetuate actual, physical, sexual offenses against children.” 

Appellant’s Brief at 6-7. 

This Court will address only those issues properly presented and 

developed in an appellant’s brief as required by our rules of appellate 

procedure, Pa.R.A.P. 2101-2119. “Appellate arguments which fail to adhere 

to these rules may be considered waived, and arguments which are not 

appropriately developed are waived.” This includes issues of a constitutional 

dimension. Coulter v. Ramsden, 94 A.3d 1080, 1089 (Pa. Super. 2014), 

appeal denied, 110 A.3d 998 (Pa. 2014).
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We conclude that Appellant waived his issues for failing to develop 

them as required by our rules of appellate procedure. Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) 

provides that an appellant is required to cite to pertinent authority to 

support particular points within his argument. Appellant provides no citation 

to relevant authority to support his averment that Article 1, Section 13 of 

the Pennsylvania Constitution is “more stringent” than the Eighth 

Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Appellant’s Brief at 4. Rather he cites 

Alleyne and Apprendi, cases based on the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to 

the U.S. Constitution. We, thus, conclude he has waived his issues. See 

Coulter, supra. See also Commonwealth v. Kane, 10 A.3d 327, 331 

(Pa. Super. 2010) (“This Court will not act as counsel and will not develop 

arguments on behalf of an appellant.” (citation and quotation marks 

omitted)).4 

Even if Appellant’s issues were not waived, we would conclude that 

they are without merit. Appellant urges this Court to “scrutinize” the 

constitutionality of the mandatory minimum provided in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9718.2 

 

4 Additionally, Appellant has not provided an analysis of the factors required 

by Commonwealth v. Edmunds, 586 A.2d 887 (Pa. 1991), to support his 

argument. The Edmunds Court held that litigants must brief and analyze at 

least the following four factors in order to present a challenge implicating the 

Pennsylvania Constitution: “1) text of the Pennsylvania constitutional 

provision; 2) history of the provision, including Pennsylvania case-law; 3) 

related case-law from other states; and 4) policy considerations, including 

unique issues of state and local concern, and applicability within modern 

Pennsylvania jurisprudence.” Id. at 895.
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by considering that the sentence he received is disproportionate to the 

crimes he committed because he never had actual physical contact with a 

child. He avers that his crimes of possession of child pornography were not 

so grave as to deserve a 25-year minimum sentence, particularly in light of 

his “addiction to pornography.” See Appellant’s Brief at 6-7 (citing 

Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962)).5

Our Supreme Court has already thoroughly scrutinized and squarely 

rejected the exact same argument of disproportionality Appellant has 

presented here. See Commonwealth v. Baker, 78 A.3d 1044, 1052 (Pa. 

2013).6 Baker and the instant case are essentially procedurally and 

factually identical. Appellant has not made a compelling argument to 

persuade us that the disposition of his case would be any different from our 

Supreme Court’s disposition in Baker.

In light of Appellant’s failure to develop his state constitutional 

challenge, we conclude Appellant waived the issues raised on appeal. 

 

5

In Robinson, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a statute criminalizing the 

disease of drug addiction “inflicts a cruel and unusual punishment in 

violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.” Id., 370 U.S. at 667. 

6

In Baker, our Supreme Court analyzed the same disproportionality 

argument within the framework of the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. 

Constitution before rejecting Baker’s argument that because he only had 

pictures, and had not himself engaged in any sexual abuse or exploitation of 

children, his crimes did not warrant a 25-year mandatory minimum sentence 

which he characterized as “grossly disproportionate.” Id., 78 A.3d at 1051-

52. 
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Judgment of Sentence affirmed.

Judge Musmanno joins the memorandum.

Judges Bowes Concurs in Result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 8/31/2016