p. 1 

# OAR Box 1128 Prepped byOllie Stewart



# Document

Number: 

# 100)11-1-429 Docket Number: 

# A-83-2 2

Printed 4/21/2008 11:07:15AM Sheet 100 of 198P. 2



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Backgroun dinformatio nt o apape r presente ds t

th e Annua l Conferenc e o f th e Britis hPsychologica l Societ y s t th e Universit y o f

lork , Apri l 195 3

Villis mYul e Richar dLansdow n Jane t Hunte r V^ri e Ann

e Urbanovic ? Barbar aClayto n. i.'evo r Delve s

ORIGINA L FIL E COP Y D O NO TREMOV E ECAO/TI C _S_ i 

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### P. 3


# fsore ra * ; ; « ?7 \ - -4

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The measuremen t o f leadi nbloo d I nth e studie s reporte dtocs y bod y leadconcentration s wer e assesse db y measurin g leadi nbloo dsainples take nfro m e?c hchild . Ih

e uni t o f measurer.er. t mos t cormonl y

use di s microgram s pe r 10 0 millilitres : /tg/cl . A recentl y

publishe dnationa l estimat e o f bloo dle» dlevel s i nth e Unite d States , base do na nno f 9933 , showe dmedia nlevel s ffilin g durin g childhood : Tebl e one : Media nbloo dleedlevel s by ag . (U.S.A. ) From yfehaffe y e t a l (1?££ ) Ag e grou p i n year s 0.5-2. 0 3 - 5 6 - 6 9-1 1 1 2 - 1 4 1 5 - 1 7 «ng/d l

1 5 1 5 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 Ag egrou p i nyear s 1 6 - 2 4 25-3 4 35-4 4 45-5 4 5 5 - 6 4 6 5 - 7 4 /~_/d l

•1 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 3 Detaile danalyse s wer e carrie dou t o nth e grou p0. 5 t o 5 year s sinc e i t wa s her e tha t association s betvee nbloo dlea dlevel , income o f famil y andurbanisatio n wer e strongest . lhe prevalenc e o f elevate dleadlevel s (i.e.>30/«g/dl ) wa s 12.2 V i nblac k childre nan

d?.0° ' i nwhit e children . Childre nfrom bot hblac kandwhit e familie s whos e income s ver e unde r I 6,00 0 ha da significantl y highe r prevalenc e o f elevate dleads-tha nthos e fro m riche r households . Childre nliving i ninne r citie s ha dhighe r media nlevel s tha nthos e livin g i n rura l areas , wit hth e same blackA'hit e differenc e holdin g u pirrespectiv e o f geographica l location . Tabl e two : Bloo dlea dlevel s by farcil y income ar. durbanisatio n(U& Q Mahaffey e t sl . Annua l incom e o f famil y < $6,00 0 Z 6 - 14,99 9 > $15,00 0 Urbanisatio n i'• m . pop . Centra l citie s Uo n" " Urba n< 1 m . Rurs l •- S

2 3 2 1 1 7 2 2 2 3 1 9 2 0 1 8 Else * ¥.elevate d 18. 5 12. 1 2. 8 15. 2 18. 6 3. 3 10. 2 10. 5 _TKit e

x.^-elevate d 1 8 1 5 1 4
1 7 ? 7 16 1 5 1 3 5. 9

2.2 0. 7 4. 0 4. 5 5. 8 1. 6 1. 2 z

2 0 16 1 4
1 6 2 0 16 1 6 1 4 race s h elevate d 1C. 9 4. 2 1. 2
7. Z 1V 6 «. 7 3. 5 2 . i?*~er. trritis h ?tMci€ * o f Schoo l -r e Childre n 

### P. 4

~rs e studie s o f th e «ssocistio ntetwee nciso c lee s levels , intelligence , etteinner. t m dbeh»viou r hav e bee ncarrie dou t cy th e foliovir. g team : T r v'illi» s Yul e T r ?-ieh»r

dlansdow

n •>r.e t Vur.te r ;>ri e Ann e Urbanowicz Institut e o f Psychiatry , Londo n Th e Hospital s fo r Sie kChildren , Lor.do n Institut e o f -syer.istry , Lor.cor . Institut e o f Psychiatry , Londo n T-ofesso r 3*rb»r a Cleyto n I r Trevo r Selve s Th e Universit y o f Southampto n Al l thre e studie s wer e funde dby th e Medica l Researc hCounci l
TT. e firs t Londo nStudy (Yul e e t e l 1961 , Lansdow ne t a l 1963 ) r. : 16 6 (£5> ' o f th e possibl e sample ) Tsil ethree : £oc

3 : i. e i : 6. 6 : : : »: M 10. 2 = i clas s ccr.sositio no f sar.rl e II I M 4o. 4 I V 11. 4 V 1. 2 T'zle four : Bloo d le» d level s b y socia l clas s



### ri I * I I 1 4 : : : v. 1 7 II I M 7 7 I V 4 v2 1 s.? . 1 2 £ 14 1 Tabl efive : Bloo c lea d grou p 1 . 7-1 0 *>g 2. 11-1 2 /- g 3 . 15-16/^ g 4 . 17-3 2 /» g 7«fclesix : '*'n < C.A . i nmonth s i S E F p 12.0 7 3.1 7 3.1 9 0.C15 3 11.9 4 2.6 2 15.4 7 4.2 4 16.1 0 4.8 3 13.1 7 3.9 7 13.5 1 lea d level s b y ag ei nmonth s 5 S

D 11 0 2 1 10 9 2 4 9 7 2 0 Si- 1 5 0 0 • singl eparen t unernpioyed no ttaowr.

—

and ?t.->nd=r

d deviation s o f

criterio nr.essure s T'eale Analysi s o f

Rendin gAbilit y Accuracy Vernor . Spelling" } M*ths J '••'IS C - S Verfc

i Comprehensio n »tinc:r d scor e 1 quotien t Performanc e" Pul l Scal eVJ. X 102.4 4 1C2.6 6 101.6 7 ?4.? 4 =4.3 6 56.7 5 10C.2 5 96.2 1 7. 2

1. 2 13. 9



## s _ 2*.7 : 25.6 c 24.' ° 14.s " i?.2 9 14.2 - 15.- 4

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### _r'r5i ^ 1670^ ; r l y * j • p* * ccv^ri^r.c e — socia l cl a f j "*r"i?llc t lea d grou p
• 7-"C^ g 

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« i 2 i 1* 0 5 £ 6 9 n s 0.00 1 x y Com? .

1- 7 

### n o 5 5 6 6 0.09 5 0.00 1 adjuste d Spellin g i? 4 9 c 5 2 

### e 9 0.6 0 0.00 1 r.ean s X.th s 

### 57 9 7 9 5 5 4 0.C1 3 n s Verbs 1 *

"MI.4 8 1?1.4 5 O * s i 0..0 9 0.04 3 "erf . '

105.: 9 '. "-. 37 . ? 0 9e.6 C n s 0.1C 2 ? s i: .

'".' 2 •?2 . = : 55.7 5 95.7 0 0.C2 9 0.02 7
IT E The analyse s note dabov e ver e repeate dwit heac hdependen t variabl e regresse s agains t bloo dlead , wit hag e als o regresse di nth e readin g score s andresult s sirdia r t o thos e o f th e .nalyse s o f covarianc e wer e obtained .

Th e SecondLondo nStud y
n : 19 4 (68 V

o f th e possibl e sanple ) T=bl eei.h t I I I II I K M Tabl enine :
I & I I 

### 11 1 r m II I M I V & V 

### s.?. & u . : Soci '

2. 1 

### 35. 5 ie. 6 Eloo d n 6 6 5 6 6 5 1 0 1 4 1 clas s compositio no f

II I M 35. 0 I V *. 6 v1. 5 lea d level s b y socia l xS

E 12.7 7 2.9 9 11.9 2 5.5 2 15.1 9 2.6 7 15.5 0 4.e 2 12.2 9 2.5 0 • th esa.T3l e(# ) singl eparen t unemploye d . no tknow n 

### 6. 2

1. 0 C. 5

____ _ clas s ( 5 case s missing ) F p 1.31 9 0.3 4

. - Th e mea nblod dlendleve l o f th e whol e spnpl e wa s 12.7 5 >»>.g/d l S E 5.0 7 

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## £ 2

R U Tnbi g ten ; lle^n s anr * strnrprr i deviation s of criterio nne=sure s

C.A . i n month s Neal e Analysi s o f Re-din g Abilit y.Accurac y Comprehensio n Verno n Spelling ! s 

### t«.nd_.rd scor e ' " "ath s J 109.1 0 ? * * c , 

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### VIS C - R Verba l quotien t

Performanc e " Pul l Scal e I Q 112 . 110 . 

## 99 . 99 . 103 . 

## ,17 ,1 0 .3 6 ,1 0 .3 6 106.4 0 105.2 4 

## 23 .

24 . Ii . 16 . 14 , 13 , 14 , ,: 6 -3 5 .25 .1 6 .91 .5 1 .2 0

T'tl e eleven : inslysi s o f covarianc e - socia l cl^s s Tssrtialle d ou t

ft 

### le- d grou p 1 7-1 2 ^ g i i 13-24/^ g
cr KS*S 

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## nOCVICO00 

### .ACC . 11 4 11 1

n s n s Comp .

11 3 10 9 0.0 2 n s adjuste d m Spellin g 10 1 9 9

n s n s ean s Math s 

## 10 0 9 9
n s n s Verba l Q

,104.4 6
' 103.4 3 0.00 1 n s 'erf . Q 106.2 0 106.3 2 0.0 4 

## n s F S I Q

1C6.£ 6 105.1 6 0.C0 1 n s

M i Regressio n analyse s ver e als o carrie d ou t an d i n n o cas e di d lea d account.fo r a significan t amoun t o f residua l variance .

• •• »
V J : 

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Istl e t-wglve;;.n?lyse s o f varianc e wit hsampl e divide d int o manua l an d no n manua l socia l cl°-5 5 group s



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# M M Dependen t lea dgrou p variabl e Ag e 1 i nmonth s 2

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11 3 10 3 11 5 9 9
102. 3 109. 9 103. 7 110. 5
104. 0 110. 6 106. 3 112. 3
103. 4 

# m. 4 105. 3 112. 5

n 2 3 26 21 2 1 Manua l SD SD
22 2 2 2S 26 2 5 2 5 2 8 2 8
1 7 • 1 4 1 4 1 5

1 3 1 6 1 5 1 0
1 3 1 5 1 5

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2.3 7

1.9 3

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12 4 11 2 11 7 9 6
102. 3 96. 3 98. 9 99- 4
110. 2 103. 6 103. 5 1C3. 4
106. 9 100. 7 101. 1 101. 3

n 1 6 2 5 2 1 2 5 SD
2 4 2 2 2 8 1 9
1 2 9 1 4 1 6

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5.7 1

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1.0 4

0.6 3 p

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0.4 8
»

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### Ih e Leed s Stud

y Bat s collectio n sn

d ?n=lysi s no t ye t complete . Ih e figure s give n belo v thes e availabl e o n 1 ___rch . 1963 .
Bat s collecte d s o fs r o n 30 2 childre n Tpbl e thirteen ; Socia l cl^s s compositio n o f sampl e (* ) I 1. 3 I I 7. 6 II I K M

### 4. 6 II I M 41. 1 I V 7. 0 V 1. 3 singl e peren t 7. 6

unemploye d 9. 9 no t known 19- 5
T.bl e fourteen ; Floo d le* d level s b ysocia l clas s grou p 

## n S D I-i I I I I I> ! I V & V «*. .. 

## Unemploye d 2 7

1 4 12 4 

## 25 . 2 3 3 0 11.1 5

5.7 1 12.1 7 11.6 4 12.7 8 12.7 7 3.3 8

2.2 7 

## 3.9 6 3.3 8 5.4 3 3.3 2

Mea n bloo d lead leve l o n 30 0 childre n ( 2 missing ) 11.6 5 /»• g/d l S B 3.8 7

• _ 

### Tabl e fifteen : Me?n s en d standar d deviption s o n criterio n me=sure s C.A . i n month s Teal e Anrlysi s o f Readin g Abilit yAccurac y Comprehensio n Verno n Spelling 1 stendar d scor e 1 1 

### Math s J VflS C - R Verba l quotien t

r 

### erformanc e " Ful l Scal e I Q X 

## 118.7 6 114.4 0 113.1 9 26.6 4 100.0 3 97.9 6 102.5 1 100.1 2 S

D 26.0 6 22.6 5 24.3 3 15.2 6 14.a s 1 s Q 

## 13. 6 13. 4

### Tablffi sixteen ; VI5 C score s b ysocig l clas s grou p P. 9



### ler.d 

## grou p Verba l 1 ruotien tCVJI 

## Performanc e cuotien t

1 

## 2 Ful l Scal e I Q • - 1CVJ



## le= dgroup s 1 5- H /~g/d l 2 12-2 6 /^g/d l ro n X 

## 107.0 3 110.0 9
111.5 7 112.6 3
110.0 3 112.4 5

n 4 1 »nua l

S D 12.7 3 H.3 9
13.1 1 13.3 3
12.0 5 11.2 5 Manua l

x S

D 98.5 6 13.4 1 97.1 6 13.1 7
103.5 0 12.2 2 103.2 3 13.6 6
100.7 9 1 

## 2.0 3 99.7 5 12.9 1

n 14 8P.1 0



### Reference s
R.L-nsdovn , /J.Yule , M.A.Urbanowic z 4 I.B.Milla r (1963 ) Eloo d lead , intelligence , attainment , an d behaviou r i n schoo l children : overvie'.- : o f a pilo t stud

yI n M.Rutte r &. fi .Russel l Jone s (eds. ) lea d Versu s ?. Joh n VJile ytr Son s ealt h



# . a

' :* _ 

# h

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# 1 K.R.Mahaffey , J.L.Annest , J.Robert s t. R.S.Murph y(1962 ) ?Cationa i Estimate s o f Eloo d Lead Levels : Unite d State s 1976-198 0 KewFngland Journ? ! o f Medicin e 30 7 573-61 6
V.YuIe , R.lansdown , I.E.Milla r & M.A.Urbanowic z (1961 ) Ih e Relationshi p Eetvee n Eloo d Lea

d Concentrations , Intelligenc e an d .Attainment i n a Schoo l ''osul.tion : ->. °ilo t Stud yrevel o cmer.t . 1 "edicir. e £• Chil d "eurclo^ v ?* ' 567-57 6 : "

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