| | Exhibit
3.1 | 
| | ----------- | 

AMENDED AND RESTATEDBYLAWSOF
BORLAND SOFTWARE CORPORATIONARTICLE ICORPORATE OFFICES

| | Section 1.  Principal Office | 
| | ---------------------------- | 

| | The
principal executive office of the corporation shall be located at such place as the Board
of Directors may from time to time authorize. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 2.  Other Offices | 
| | ------------------------- | 

| | Additional
offices of the corporation shall be located at such place or places, within or outside
the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time authorize. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 3.  Registered Office | 
| | ----------------------------- | 

| | The
corporation shall have and maintain in the State of Delaware a registered office, which
shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

| | Section 1.  Place of Meetings | 
| | ----------------------------- | 

| | Meetings
of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside the State of Delaware,
designated by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion,
determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely
by means of remote communications as provided under the Delaware General Corporate Law. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 2.  Annual Meeting | 
| | -------------------------- | 

| | The
annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date and at a time designated
by the Board of Directors. At the meeting, directors shall be elected and any other
proper business may be transacted. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | At
any annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting (a) by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors or (b) by any stockholder of the corporation (i) who
is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this
Section 2 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote
at such annual meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this
Section 2. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | In
addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before
an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice
thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the corporation. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | To
be timely, a stockholders notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the
Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than ninety (90)
days nor more than one hundred-twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the
immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the
event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within twenty-five (25)
days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be
timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day
following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or
such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first
occurs. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting
commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholders notice as described
above. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | To
be in proper written form, a stockholders notice to the Secretary shall set forth
in writing as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting
(a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting
and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and
record address, as they appear on the corporations books, of such stockholder, (c)
the class and series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of
the corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by the stockholder, (d) a
description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other
person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such
business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in such
business and (e) a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of stock of
the corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and that such stockholder intends to
appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the
meeting. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | In
addition, notwithstanding anything in this Section 2 to the contrary, a stockholder
intending to nominate one or more persons for election as a director at an annual meeting
must comply with Section 3 of Article III of these bylaws for such nomination to be
properly brought before such meeting. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | No
business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought
before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2;
provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before the annual
meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2 shall be deemed to
preclude | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | discussion
by any stockholder of any such business. If the chairman of an annual meeting determines
that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the
foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the business was not
properly brought before the meeting and such business shall not be transacted. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 3.  Quorum | 
| | ------------------ | 

| | The
holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat,
present in person or by remote communication or represented by proxy, shall constitute a
quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as
otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If, however, such
quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then the
chairman of the meeting shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time,
without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present or
represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any
business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
noticed. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | The
affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or by remote communication,
if applicable, or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject
matter shall be the act of the stockholders. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality
of the votes of the shares present in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or
represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote generally on the election of
directors. Where a separate vote by class is required, the affirmative vote of the
majority of shares of such class present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting
shall be the act of such class. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 4.  Special Meetings | 
| | ---------------------------- | 

| | Special
meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by the Board of
Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the President. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 5.  Notice of Meetings | 
| | ------------------------------ | 

| | Except
as otherwise may be required by law, notice given in writing or by electronic
transmission of each meeting of stockholders shall be given to each stockholder entitled
to vote at that meeting, by the Secretary, assistant secretary or other person charged
with that duty, not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before such meeting. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Notice
of any meeting of stockholders shall state the date, place and hour of the meeting; and | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | (1) | in
the case of a special meeting, the general nature of the business to be transacted, and
no other business may be transacted at such meeting; and | 
| | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | (2) | in the case of an annual meeting, the general nature of matters which the Board of
Directors, at the time of the mailing of the notice, intends to present for action by the
stockholders. | 
| | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | At
a special meeting, notice of which has been given in accordance with this Section 5,
action may not be taken with respect to business, the general nature of which has not
been stated in such notice. At an annual meeting, action may be taken with respect to
business stated in the notice of such meeting, given in accordance with this Section 5
and with respect to any other business as may properly come before the meeting in
accordance with these Bylaws. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 6.  Manner of Giving Notice; Affidavit of Notice | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Written
notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United
States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on
the records of the corporation. An affidavit of the Secretary or an assistant secretary
or of the transfer agent of the corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the
absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 7.  Adjourned Meeting; Notice | 
| | ------------------------------------- | 

| | When
a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these bylaws otherwise require,
notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are
announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the
corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original
meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the
adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the
meeting. Every stockholder entitled to vote shall have the right to do so either in
person, by remote communication or by an agent or agents authorized by a proxy. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 8.  Voting | 
| | ------------------ | 

| | The
stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined in
accordance with the provisions of Section 11 of this Article II of these bylaws, subject
to the provisions of Sections 217 and 218 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware
(relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners of stock and to
voting trusts and other voting agreements). | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | Except
as otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder shall be
entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder. The Board
of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the corporation presiding at a meeting
of stockholders, in such officers discretion, may require that any votes cast at
such meeting shall be cast by written ballot. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 9.  Waiver of Notice | 
| | ---------------------------- | 

| | Whenever
notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, a written or
electronically transmitted waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice,
whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.
Attendance in person, by proxy or remote communication of a person at a meeting shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting
for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction
of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the
stockholders need be specified in any written or electronically transmitted waiver of
notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 10.  Stockholder Action | 
| | ------------------------------- | 

| | Any
action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the corporation must be
effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of such holders and may not be
effected by any consent in writing by such holders. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 11.  Record Date for Stockholder Notice; Voting; Giving Consents | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | In
order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to
vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive
payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to
exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the
purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record
date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date
of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | If
the Board of Directors does not so fix a record date: | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | (1) | The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting
of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on
which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next
preceding the day on which the meeting is held. | 
| | --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | (2) | The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close
of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating
thereto. | 
| | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | A
determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the
Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 12.  Proxies | 
| | -------------------- | 

| | Each
stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or
persons to act for him by a written proxy, signed by the stockholder and filed with the
Secretary of the corporation, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three
(3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be
deemed signed if the stockholders name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual
signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the stockholder or the
stockholders attorney-in-fact. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face
that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section 212(c) of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 13.  List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote | 
| | -------------------------------------------------- | 

| | The
officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at
least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the
stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing
the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each
stockholder. Nothing contained in this Section 13 shall require the corporation to
include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to
the meeting for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably
accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to
such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business
hours, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place
shall be specified in the notice of meeting, or if not so specified, at the place where
the meeting is to be held. In the event that the corporation determines to make the list
available on an electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure
that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation. If the
meeting is to be held at a physical location, then the list shall be produced and kept at
the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by
any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote
communications, then the list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder during
the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the
information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the
meeting. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 14.  Inspectors of Election | 
| | ----------------------------------- | 

| | Before
any meeting of stockholders, the corporation shall appoint one or more persons, other
than nominees for office, to act as inspectors of election at the meeting or its
adjournment. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | If
any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, the
chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more persons to act as inspectors. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | The
inspector or inspectors shall: | 
| | ---------------------------------- | 

| | (1) | determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares
represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, and the validity of proxies and
ballots; | 
| | --- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | (2) | receive votes and ballots; and | 
| | --- | ------------------------------ | 

| | (3) | count and tabulate all votes and ballots. | 
| | --- | ----------------------------------------- | 

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

| | Section 1.  Powers | 
| | ------------------ | 

| | Subject
to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and any limitations in the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws relating to action required to be approved
by the stockholders or by the outstanding shares, the business and affairs of the
corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the
direction of the Board of Directors. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 2.  Number of Directors | 
| | ------------------------------- | 

| | The
authorized number of directors of the corporation shall be six (6), and shall be subject
to change as set from time to time pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the
Board of Directors then in office. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | No
reduction of the authorized number of directors shall remove any director prior to the
expiration of such directors term of office. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 3.  Notification of Nominations | 
| | --------------------------------------- | 

| | Subject
to the rights of holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the
Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, nominations for the election of
directors may be made (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or a proxy
committee appointed by the Board of Directors or (b) by any stockholder of the
corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice
provided for in this Section 3 and on the record date for the determination of the
stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section 3. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | In
addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a
stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written
form to the Secretary of the corporation. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

---

| | To
be timely, a stockholders notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the
Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than ninety (90)
days nor more than one hundred-twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the
immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the
event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within twenty-five (25)
days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be
timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day
following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or
such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first
occurs. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | To
be in proper written form, a stockholders notice to the Secretary shall set forth
in writing (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election
as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person,
(ii) the principal occupation and employment of the person, (iii) the class and series
and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the corporation which
are owned beneficially or of record by the person and (iv) any other information relating
to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other
filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of
directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
Exchange Act) (or in any law or statute replacing such section) and the rules
and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice
(i) the name and record address of such stockholder, (ii) the class and series and number
of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the corporation which are owned
beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iii) a description of all arrangements or
understandings between such stockholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or
persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by
such stockholder, (iv) a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of
stock of the corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and that such stockholder
intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons
named in its notice and (v) any other information relating to such stockholder that would
be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in
connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14
of the Exchange Act (or in any law or statute replacing such section) and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent
of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if
elected. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | No
person shall be eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated
in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3. If the chairman of the
meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing
procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective
and such defective nomination shall be disregarded. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 4.  Election of Directors; Term | 
| | --------------------------------------- | 

| | The
directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any class or series of
stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation,
shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, with the term
of office of the first class to expire at the 1990 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the
term of office of the second class to expire at the 1991 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
and the term of office of the third class to expire at the 1992 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders. At each Annual Meeting of Stockholders following such initial
classification, directors elected to succeed those directors whose terms expire shall be
elected for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding Annual Meeting of
Stockholders after their election. Directors need not be stockholders of the corporation.
Each director shall serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his
death, resignation or removal. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 5.  Resignations | 
| | ------------------------ | 

| | Any
directors of the corporation may resign effective upon giving written notice to the
Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary or the
Board of Directors of the corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for the
effectiveness of such resignation. If the resignation specifies effectiveness at a future
time, a successor may be elected pursuant to Section 7 of this Article III of these
bylaws to take office on the date that the resignation becomes effective. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 6.  Removal | 
| | ------------------- | 

| | Subject
to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock then outstanding, any
director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, with
or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the
voting power of all of the shares of the corporation entitled to vote generally in the
election of directors, voting together as a single class. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 7.  Vacancies | 
| | --------------------- | 

| | Subject
to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock then outstanding, newly
created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors
or any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement,
disqualification, removal from office or other cause may be filled by a majority vote of
the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
director, or by the stockholders to fill any vacancy not filled by directors, and
directors so chosen shall hold office for a term expiring at the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders at which the term of the class to which they have been elected expires. No
decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the
term of any incumbent director. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 8.  Annual Meeting | 
| | -------------------------- | 

| | The
Board of Directors shall meet annually for the purpose of organization, the election of
officers and the transaction of other business. If such meeting is held on the same day
and at the same place where the Annual Meeting of Stockholders is held, such notice of
meeting need not be given. In the event such annual meeting is not so held, the annual
meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such place, either within or without the
State of Delaware, on such date and at such time as shall be specified in a notice
thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 10 of this Article III or in a waiver of
notice thereof. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 9.  Regular Meetings | 
| | ---------------------------- | 

| | Regular
meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such places within or without the State
of Delaware at such date and time as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine and, if so determined by the Board of Directors, notices thereof need not be
given. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 10.  Special Meetings | 
| | ----------------------------- | 

| | Special
meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose may be called by the Chairman of the
Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or the Secretary of the corporation or
any two (2) directors. Notice of the time and place of all special meetings of the Board
of Directors shall be orally or in writing, by telephone, including a voice messaging
system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages,
facsimile, telegraph or telex, or by electronic mail or other electronic means, during
normal business hours, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the date and time of the
meeting. If notice is sent by US mail, it shall be sent by first class mail, charges
prepaid, at least three (3) days before the date of the meeting. Notice of any meeting
may be waived in writing, or by electronic transmission, at any time before or after the
meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except when the
director attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of
the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened. The transaction of all business at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall
be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a
quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not
present who did not receive notice shall sign a written waiver of notice or shall waive
notice by electronic transmission. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate
records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 11.  Quorum | 
| | ------------------- | 

| | At
all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the authorized number of directors
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of
the directors present at any meeting at which there is quorum shall be the act of the
Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the
certificate of incorporation. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time,
without notice other than | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | announcement
at the meeting, until a quorum is present. The vote of the directors present shall be the
act of the Board of Directors unless the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws shall
require a vote of a greater number. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | Section 12.  Waiver of Notice | 
| | ----------------------------- | 

| | Whenever
notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, a written waiver
thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated
therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting
for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction
of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the
directors, or members of a committee of directors, need be specified in any written
waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 13.  Telephonic Meetings | 
| | -------------------------------- | 

| | Unless
otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation, members of the Board of
Directors of the corporation, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may
participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be,
by conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in a meeting pursuant to
this Section 13 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 14.  Board Action By Written Consent Without A Meeting | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Unless
otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any action
required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any
committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or
committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing and the writing or writings are
filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 15.  Fees | 
| | ----------------- | 

| | Each
director may receive such fees and other compensation, along with reimbursement of
expenses incurred on behalf of the corporation or in connection with attendance at
meetings, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment of
fees or other compensation shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in
any other capacity and receiving fees and compensation for such services. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 16.  Interested Directors | 
| | --------------------------------- | 

| | No
contract or transaction between the corporation and one or more of its directors or
officers, or between the corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association,
or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or
officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason,
or solely because the directors or officers are present at or participate in the meeting
of the Board of Directors or the committee thereof which authorizes the contract or
transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose if: (i)
the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or
transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and
the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction
by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the
disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to his or
their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction is specifically
approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction
is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by
the Board of Directors, a committee thereof, or the stockholders. Common or interested
directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the
Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 17.  Committees of Directors | 
| | ------------------------------------ | 

| | The
Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate
one or more committees, with each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of
the corporation. The board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of
any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the
committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or
members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not
he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of
Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
Any such committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the
Board of Directors or in the bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may exercise all
the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed
to all papers that may require it. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its
meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

| | Section 1.  Officers | 
| | -------------------- | 

| | The
officers of the corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, President, a Chief
Financial Officer and a Secretary who shall have the duty, among other things, to record
the proceedings of the meetings of stockholders and directors in a book kept for that
purpose. The corporation may also have such other officers, including a Treasurer,
Controller and one or more Vice Presidents, as the Board may in its discretion appoint.
The Board of Directors, if it so determines, may appoint a Chairman of the Board and a
Vice Chairman of the Board from among its members. Any number of offices may be held by
the same person. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | Section 2.  Election, Term of Office and Remuneration | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------- | 

| | The
officers of the corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at a
regular meeting thereof. Each such officer shall hold office until his successor is
elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. The
remuneration of all officers of the corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.
Any vacancy in any office shall be filled in such manner as the Board of Directors shall
determine. | 
| | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 3.  Subordinate Officers | 
| | -------------------------------- | 

| | In
addition to the officers enumerated in Section 1 of this Article IV, the corporation may
have such subordinate officers, agents and employees as the Board of Directors may deem
necessary, each of whom shall hold office for such period as the Board of Directors may
from time to time determine. The Board of Directors may delegate to any officer referred
to in Section 1 of this Article IV, the power to appoint and to remove any such
subordinate officers, agents or employees. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 4.  Removal | 
| | ------------------- | 

| | Except
as otherwise delegated to an officer with respect to subordinate officers, any officer
may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by resolution adopted by the Board of
Directors. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights of such
officer, if any, with the corporation. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 5.  Resignations | 
| | ------------------------ | 

| | Any
officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors (or to
a principal officer if the Board of Directors has delegated to such principal officer the
power to appoint and to remove such officer). The resignation of any officer shall take
effect upon receipt of notice thereof or at such later time as shall be specified in such
notice; unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not
be necessary to make it effective. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 6.  Powers and Duties | 
| | ----------------------------- | 

| | The
Chief Executive Officer shall, subject to the direction and control of the Board of
Directors, be the general manager of, and supervise and direct, the business and affairs
of the corporation and the conduct of the officers of the corporation. The other officers
of the corporation shall have such powers and perform such duties incident to each of
their respective offices and such other duties as may from time to time be conferred upon
or assigned to them by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. The
Chairman of the Board, if there shall be one, shall preside at all meetings of the
stockholders. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, or if there
shall be none, the President shall preside at all the meetings of the stockholders. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 7.  Approval of Loans to Officers | 
| | ----------------------------------------- | 

| | The
corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any
officer or any other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiary, including any
officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in
the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be
expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with
or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of
Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of
the corporation. Nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to deny, limit or
restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any
statute. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

ARTICLE V

STOCK

| | Section 1.  Form of Certificates | 
| | -------------------------------- | 

| | Every
holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the
name of the corporation (i) by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors or the President and (ii) by the Secretary or an assistant secretary, or by the
Treasurer or an assistant treasurer of the corporation, certifying the number of shares
owned by the stockholder in the corporation. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 2.  Signatures | 
| | ---------------------- | 

| | Any,
or all, of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer,
transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed
upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same
effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 3.  Lost Certificates | 
| | ----------------------------- | 

| | The
corporation may issue a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate
theretofore issued by the corporation, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed,
upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be
lost, stolen or destroyed. The corporation may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance of such new certificate, require the owner of such lost,
stolen, or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the corporation a
bond (or other security) sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made
against the corporation (including any expense or liability) on account of the alleged
loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new
certificate. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 4.  Transfers | 
| | --------------------- | 

| | Stock
of the corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these
bylaws or in any agreement with the stockholder making the transfer. Transfers of stock
shall be made on the books of the corporation only by the person named in the certificate
or by his attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the
certificate therefor, which shall be canceled before a new certificate shall be issued. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | Section 5.  Registered Owners | 
| | ----------------------------- | 

| | The
corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on
its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to
hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of
shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest
in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by law. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

ARTICLE VI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

| | Section 1.  Insurance | 
| | --------------------- | 

| | The
corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability
asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his
status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him
against such liability under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. | 
| | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 2.  Dividends | 
| | --------------------- | 

| | Subject
to limitations contained in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the
certificate of incorporation, the Board of Directors may declare and pay dividends upon
the shares of capital stock of the corporation, which dividends may be paid either in
cash, securities of the corporation or other property. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 3.  Fiscal Year | 
| | ----------------------- | 

| | The
fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | Section 4.  Corporate Seal | 
| | -------------------------- | 

| | The
corporation may have a corporate seal in such form as prescribed by the Board of
Directors. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Section 5.  Amendments | 
| | ---------------------- | 

| | Subject
to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, these bylaws may be altered,
amended or repealed at any regular meeting of the stockholders (or at any special meeting
thereof duly called for that purpose) by a majority vote of the shares represented and
entitled to vote at such meeting; provided that in the notice of such special meeting,
notice of such purpose shall be given. | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

| | Subject
to the laws of the State of Delaware, the certificate of incorporation and these bylaws,
the Board of Directors may by majority vote of those present at any meeting at which a
quorum is present amend the bylaws, or enact such other bylaws as in their judgment may
be advisable for the regulation of the conduct of the affairs of the corporation. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

---

| | Section 6.  Voting of Stock Owned by the Corporation | 
| | ---------------------------------------------------- | 

| | The
Board of Directors may authorize any person, on behalf of the corporation, to attend,
vote and grant proxies to be used at any meeting of stockholders of any corporation
(except this corporation) in which the corporation may hold stock. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 

| | Section 7.  Construction and Definitions | 
| | ---------------------------------------- | 

| | Unless
the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction and
definitions in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware shall govern the
construction of these bylaws. | 
| | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 

ARTICLE VII

INDEMNIFICATION

| | Section 1.  Indemnifications | 
| | ---------------------------- | 

| | Subject
to the provisions of the corporations Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation, the corporation, to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General
Corporation Law, shall indemnify its officers and directors, and shall have the power to
indemnify any of its employees and other agents, against expenses, judgments, fines,
settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any
proceeding or potential proceeding arising out of the relationship and, to the maximum
extent permitted by law, the corporation shall have the power to advance the indemnified
partys defense expenses in any such proceeding. | 
| | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |