II 

Calendar No. 336 

117TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3199 

To promote peace and democracy in Ethiopia, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

NOVEMBER 4, 2021 

Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. RISCH, Mr. COONS, and Mr. TILLIS) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

APRIL 6, 2022 

Reported by Mr. MENENDEZ, with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To promote peace and democracy in Ethiopia, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ethiopia Peace and 

5 Democracy Promotion Act of 2021’’. 

6 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

7 In this Act: 


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1 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT2 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com3 mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations 

4 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

5 of the House of Representatives. 

6 (2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

7 the Secretary of State. 

8 SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 

9 Congress makes the following findings: 

10 (1) The United States and the Federal Demo11 cratic Republic of Ethiopia share an important rela12 tionship and more than a century of diplomatic rela13 tions. 

14 (2) Ethiopia is the second most populous coun15 try in Africa and plays a key role in advancing secu16 rity and stability across sub-Saharan Africa, includ17 ing as a top contributor of uniformed personnel to 

18 United Nations peacekeeping missions and as host 

19 country to the African Union. 

20 (3) Amid proliferating popular protests in 

21 2018, against decades of authoritarian rule, Ethio22 pia’s governing Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary 

23 Democratic Front (EPRDF) selected Abiy Ahmed 

24 as Prime Minister, who upon taking office embarked 

25 on a program of political and economic reform that 


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1 was soon encumbered by widespread inter-communal 

2 conflict, political assassinations, and democratic 

3 backsliding. 

4 (4) Tensions between Prime Minister Abiy 

5 Ahmed and the leadership of the Tigray People’s 

6 Liberation Front (TPLF), who, until 2019, were 

7 EPRDF coalition partners, deteriorated significantly 

8 throughout 2019–2020, with the EPRDF’s trans9 formation into the Prosperity Party (PP), the Fed10 eral Government of Ethiopia’s postponement of the 

11 2020 elections, and the TPLF’s decision to hold 

12 elections in Tigray Regional State of Ethiopia de13 spite Federal objections, all serving as major cata14 lysts. 

15 (5) In the early hours of November 4, 2020, 

16 Prime Minister Abiy ordered a military offensive in 

17 response to an attack by the TPLF on the Northern 

18 Command of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces 

19 (ENDF), which TPLF officials have asserted was 

20 an act of self-defense in the face of an imminent in21 vasion by Federal forces. 

22 (6) Throughout November 2020, hostilities be23 tween the ENDF and forces loyal to the TPLF 

24 evolved into a large-scale armed conflict that also in25 volved the Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF) and AmVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:13 Apr 07, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3199.RS S3199

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1 hara regional forces and militia fighting in support 

2 of the Federal Government. 

3 (7) Despite repeated calls from the United 

4 States and its international partners for a full and 

5 verifiable Eritrean withdrawal from Ethiopia, which 

6 date back to November 2020, Eritrean forces remain 

7 in Ethiopia. 

8 (8) Fighting between TPLF aligned forces and 

9 the ENDF and its allies persists in parts of Tigray, 

10 and has spread to Amhara and Afar, and is esti11 mated to have resulted in the deaths of tens of thou12 sands of individuals, prompted more than 61,000 

13 Ethiopians to seek refuge in Sudan, and internally 

14 displaced over 2,000,000. 

15 (9) The war has disrupted harvests, livelihoods, 

16 markets, and banking, and critical public infrastruc17 ture was systematically looted and destroyed during 

18 the course of the conflict, including health centers 

19 and schools, with the majority of the reports impli20 cating the ENDF, the EDF, and allied militia. Sup21 ply chains and food were allegedly looted by ENDF, 

22 EDF, and allied militia, which collectively contrib23 uted to conditions that have resulted in 400,000– 

24 900,000 Ethiopians living in famine-like conditions 


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1 and a further 1,800,000 close to that threshold, ac2 cording to an analysis issued in June 2021. 

3 (10) Interruptions in electricity, internet, and 

4 telephone services imposed by the Federal Govern5 ment of Ethiopia continue to hamper humanitarian 

6 relief efforts and enable impunity from armed actors 

7 on all sides of the conflict by restricting the flow of 

8 information about human rights and humanitarian 

9 conditions in the region. 

10 (11) Despite repeated assurances from the Fed11 eral Government of Ethiopia that it would allow un12 fettered humanitarian access to Tigray, it continues 

13 to impose wide-ranging bureaucratic obstacles that 

14 impede the relief efforts of international humani15 tarian organizations, and encourage and deploy hos16 tile rhetoric toward international humanitarian orga17 nizations that endanger the safety and security of 

18 their staff on the ground. 

19 (12) Twenty-three aid workers have been killed 

20 in the course of the conflict in northern Ethiopia, in21 cluding an aid worker employed by a United States 

22 Agency for International Development implementing 

23 partner, who was reportedly executed by Ethiopian 

24 and Eritrean forces in May 2021, and 3 Doctors 


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1 Without Borders employees in June 2021, by un2 known armed actors. 

3 (13) Parties to the conflict in northern Ethiopia 

4 have been accused of extra-judicial killings, rape, 

5 and ethnic cleansing that may amount to war 

6 crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. 

7 (14) Two Eritrean refugee camps in Tigray, 

8 Shimelba and Hitsats, were attacked and destroyed 

9 by armed actors in November 2020 through January 

10 2021, and refugees subjected to killings, abductions, 

11 and forced returns. 

12 (15) As of October 31, 2021, total United 

13 States Government humanitarian assistance in fiscal 

14 years 2020 and 2021 for the northern Ethiopia cri15 sis response totaled $617,387,662, making it the 

16 single largest donor of humanitarian aid to the hu17 manitarian crisis in northern Ethiopia since the con18 flict began. 

19 (16) In July 2021, TPLF aligned forces 

20 launched military operations into some occupied por21 tions neighboring Amhara and Afar regions, dis22 placing hundreds of thousands of Amhara and Afar 

23 civilians, and giving rise to allegations of serious 

24 abuses by Tigrayan forces against civilians in those 


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1 two regions, as well as against Eritrean refugees re2 siding in the Mai Aini and Adi Harush camps. 

3 (17) The TPLF’s July 2021 offensive was fol4 lowed by reports of escalating abuses against 

5 Tigrayan civilians in various parts of Ethiopia and 

6 the alleged killing of Tigrayans in Humera, all of 

7 which occur within a context of incendiary and 

8 ethnicized public statements from Ethiopian officials 

9 and media platforms. 

10 (18) The Federal Government of Ethiopia re11 sponded to TPLF offensives in July through August 

12 2021 by pursuing mass military mobilization, includ13 ing the mobilization of regional special forces and 

14 ethnic militia from various parts of the country, in 

15 an effort to thwart and roll back TPLF operations. 

16 (19) In August 2021, officials from the TPLF 

17 and Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), a rebel group 

18 engaged in armed struggle primarily in the Oromia 

19 region, publicly confirmed they had entered an alli20 ance designed to coordinate their military operations 

21 against the Federal Government of Ethiopia, devel22 opments which occurred against the backdrop of 

23 TPLF advances in Amhara region and increased 

24 OLA activity in Oromia. 


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1 (20) In September 2021, the Federal Govern2 ment of Ethiopia announced it was expelling seven 

3 senior United Nations officials, and in October 2021 

4 commenced an air offensive on the Tigrayan capital, 

5 Mekele, which has further exacerbated the inability 

6 of international aid organizations to deliver food. 

7 (21) In October, state-owned Ethiopia Tele8 vision reported that Prime Minister Abiy stated that, 

9 ‘‘[i]f we make sure that this thing called wheat [food 

10 aid] does not enter Ethiopia, 70 per cent of Ethio11 pia’s problems will be solved,’’ implying that he may 

12 stop the delivery of international food aid altogether. 

13 (22) In October 2021, a United Nations Hu14 manitarian Air Services flight that had been cleared 

15 by Federal authorities to land in Mekelle to deliver 

16 food aid was forced to abort landing due to air raids, 

17 threatening the lives of 11 United Nations and non18 governmental staff on board. 

19 (23) In the wake of military advances by the 

20 Tigray Defense Forces in late October 2021, Prime 

21 Minister Abiy urged citizens to take up arms to de22 fend themselves, and on November 2, 2021, Ethiopia 

23 declared a 6-month state of emergency. 

24 (24) On November 3, 2021, the Office of the 

25 High Commissioner for Human Rights released the 


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1 Joint Investigation into Alleged Violations of Inter2 national Human Rights, Humanitarian and Refugee 

3 Law Committed by all Parties to the Conflict in the 

4 Tigray Region of the Federal Democratic Republic 

5 of Ethiopia, which found that ‘‘attacks on civilians 

6 and civilian objects, as well as indiscriminate attacks 

7 by ENDF, EDF, and TSF Tigray Special Forces] 

8 in violation of international humanitarian law . . . 

9 may amount to war crimes,’’ and that ‘‘these groups 

10 and affiliated militia committed acts in violation of 

11 international human rights law and international hu12 manitarian law’’. 

13 (25) The escalating conflict between the Fed14 eral Government of Ethiopia and its allies and the 

15 TPLF and OLA occurs in the context of a broader 

16 deterioration of political conditions across the coun17 try, including persistent inter-communal violence, ex18 panding repression against journalists, opposition 

19 parties, and dissident voices, and highly contentious 

20 national elections conducted in June to July 2021 

21 that did not meet internationally accepted standards. 

22 (26) Ethiopia’s crisis is nested within a complex 

23 regional environment, the most important dimen24 sions of which are three-way tensions between Ethi25 opia, Egypt, and Sudan over the Grand Ethiopian 


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1 Renaissance Dam border tensions between Sudan 

2 and Ethiopia over Al Fashaga, Eritrea’s muscular 

3 regional engagement, and increasing geopolitical 

4 competition in the Horn of Africa that involves the 

5 Gulf, Turkey, Iran, Russia, and the People’s Repub6 lic of China. 

7 (27) Working in conjunction with its inter8 national partners, the United States has consistently 

9 called for a political solution to the crisis, unfettered 

10 humanitarian access, an end to human rights viola11 tions, full accountability for all atrocities committed 

12 during the course of hostilities, and a broader all-in13 clusive national dialogue, and has taken a number of 

14 actions to encourage and incentivize a peaceful reso15 lution to the conflict in Ethiopia, including reduc16 tions in development and security assistance, visa 

17 sanctions, and high-level diplomatic engagement. 

18 (28) On September 17, 2021, President Joseph 

19 R. Biden signed Executive Order No. 14046 ‘‘Im20 posing Sanctions on Certain Persons With Respect 

21 to the Humanitarian and Human Rights Crisis in 

22 Ethiopia,’’ which authorizes the United States to 

23 target parties responsible for or complicit in actions 

24 or policies that prolong the conflict in northern Ethi25 opia, and those that commit human rights abuses, or 


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1 obstruct humanitarian access and a ceasefire with 

2 respect to the conflict. 

3 (29) The Federal Government of Ethiopia has 

4 rejected all offers to facilitate a diplomatic solution 

5 to the conflict, including those extended by African 

6 Union Chairman Cyril Ramaphosa in November 

7 2020, and Intergovernmental Authorities on Devel8 opment (IGAD) Chairman Abdalla Hamdok in Au9 gust 2021, to mediate talks with the TPLF. 

10 SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

11 It is the policy of the United States to support a 

12 peaceful, democratic unified Ethiopia, and to use all diplo13 matic, development, and legal tools to support an end to 

14 the conflict that began in northern Ethiopia, an end to 

15 violence throughout Ethiopia, the promotion of an all-in16 clusive national dialogue, and the advancement of the 

17 human, civil, and political rights of all Ethiopians. 

18 SEC. 5. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN 

19 ETHIOPIA. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation 

21 with the Administrator of the United States Agency for 

22 International Development, shall develop and implement 

23 a strategy for supporting democracy and human rights in 

24 Ethiopia that includes a description and justification of— 


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1 (1) plans to support civil society efforts related 

2 to expanding citizen participation and political 

3 space; 

4 (2) plans to support all-inclusive national dia5 logue in Ethiopia; 

6 (3) plans to support justice and accountability 

7 mechanisms for abuses and atrocities committed in 

8 the course of the conflict; 

9 (4) plans to combat hate speech and 

10 disinformation in Ethiopia; 

11 (5) current and planned democracy and govern12 ance support to government institutions in Ethiopia; 

13 and 

14 (6)(A) results of the most recent impact evalua15 tion of these activities; and 

16 (B) plans for applying lessons learned from 

17 such evaluations. 

18 (b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not less than 180 days 

19 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

20 shall submit the strategy required in subsection (a) to the 

21 appropriate congressional committees. 


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1 SEC. 6. SUPPORT FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION, MITIGA2 TION AND MANAGEMENT, AND RECONCILI3 ATION. 

4 (a) CONFLICT RESOLUTION.—The President is au5 thorized to provide financial, technical, and diplomatic 

6 support for— 

7 (1) efforts by the African Union or other cred8 ible entities engaged in efforts to help bring about 

9 a peaceful resolution to the conflict in northern 

10 Ethiopia; and 

11 (2) efforts by civil society, especially those from 

12 marginalized communities, women, and youth, to 

13 participate and engage in peacebuilding, mediation, 

14 and community reconciliation. 

15 (b) CONFLICT MITIGATION AND RECONCILIATION.— 

16 The Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter17 national Development shall develop and implement a strat18 egy, coordinated with the Secretary as relevant, to support 

19 conflict mitigation and management, and reconciliation 

20 and trauma healing for conflict affected groups in Ethi21 opia that includes— 

22 (1) an analysis of the drivers of conflict in 

23 Ethiopia; 

24 (2) a comprehensive plan to mitigate and man25 age conflict; 


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1 (3) an emphasis on community-led grass roots 

2 reconciliation; 

3 (4) specific steps the Agency will take to ensure 

4 the participation of traditionally marginalized com5 munities and ethnic groups, women, and youth; 

6 (5) plans to ensure that all assistance programs 

7 that are directly aimed at benefitting the Ethiopian 

8 people or building the capacity of civil society to in9 corporate, to the extent practicable, community10 based conflict mitigation and management, violence 

11 prevention, peacebuilding interventions, reconcili12 ation activities, psychosocial support, and trauma 

13 healing; 

14 (6) a clear statement of— 

15 (A) the goals and expected outcomes of the 

16 strategy; and 

17 (B) the means through which progress to18 wards those goals will be met including through 

19 regular rigorous evaluations; and 

20 (7) plans for updating and revising the current 

21 Country Development Cooperation Strategy to in22 clude elements of the strategy required under this 

23 subsection. 

24 (c) SUBMISSION.—The strategy required under sub25 section (b) shall be submitted to the appropriate congresVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:13 Apr 07, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3199.RS S3199

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1 sional committees not later than 90 days after the date 

2 of the enactment of this Act. 

3 SEC. 7. ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF PEACE AND STABILITY IN 

4 ETHIOPIA. 

5 (a) SANCTIONS FOR ACTIONS UNDERMINING TRAN6 SITION TO DEMOCRACY.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose 

8 the sanctions described in paragraph (2) with re9 spect to any foreign person that the President deter10 mines— 

11 (A) undermines efforts with respect to a 

12 peaceful negotiated settlement to end hostilities 

13 in northern Ethiopia; 

14 (B) through business dealings with senior 

15 leadership of the Government of Ethiopia or the 

16 Government of Eritrea, the Tigray People’s 

17 Liberation Front, or other parties to the con18 flict in and around northern Ethiopia, derives 

19 significant financial benefit or political power 

20 from policies or actions, including electoral 

21 fraud, human rights abuses, or corruption, that 

22 contribute to the conflict or impede a transition 

23 to democracy in Ethiopia; 

24 (C) provides to any party involved in hos25 tilities in Ethiopia— 


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1 (i) weapon systems, such as firearms, 

2 unmanned aerial systems, helicopters, mu3 nitions used by such unmanned aerial sys4 tems or helicopters, battle tanks, armored 

5 combat vehicles, or munitions for such 

6 tanks and vehicles, missiles or missile sys7 tems; armed vehicles; or 

8 (ii) support for such systems, such as 

9 ammunition, spare parts, pilots or other 

10 operators; or 

11 (D) knowingly facilitates or finances the 

12 sale, operation, or transfer of weapons to any 

13 party involved in hostilities in Ethiopia. 

14 (2) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions to 

15 be imposed under paragraph (1) with respect to a 

16 foreign person are the following: 

17 (A) PROPERTY BLOCKING.—The exercise 

18 of all powers granted to the President by the 

19 International Emergency Economic Powers Act 

20 (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent nec21 essary to block and prohibit all transactions in 

22 all property and interests in property of the for23 eign person if such property and interests in 

24 property are in the United States, come within 


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1 the United States, or are or come within the 

2 possession or control of a United States person. 

3 (B) ALIENS INADMISSIBLE FOR VISAS, AD4 MISSION, OR PAROLE.— 

5 (i) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.— 

6 An alien described in paragraph (1) is— 

7 (I) inadmissible to the United 

8 States; 

9 (II) ineligible to receive a visa or 

10 other documentation to enter the 

11 United States; and 

12 (III) otherwise ineligible to be 

13 admitted or paroled into the United 

14 States or to receive any other benefit 

15 under the Immigration and Nation16 ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). 

17 (ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 

18 (I) IN GENERAL.—The visa or 

19 other entry documentation of an alien 

20 described in paragraph (1) shall be re21 voked, regardless of when such visa or 

22 other entry documentation is or was 

23 issued. 

24 (II) IMMEDIATE EFFECT.—A rev25 ocation under subclause (I) shall— 


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1 (aa) take effect immediately; 

2 and 

3 (bb) automatically cancel 

4 any other valid visa or entry doc5 umentation that is in the alien’s 

6 possession. 

7 (3) EXCEPTIONS.— 

8 (A) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTA9 TION OF GOODS.— 

10 (i) IN GENERAL.—The authority or a 

11 requirement to impose sanctions under this 

12 section shall not include the authority or a 

13 requirement to impose sanctions on the im14 portation of goods. 

15 (ii) GOOD DEFINED.—In this subpara16 graph, the term ‘‘good’’ means any article, 

17 natural or manmade substance, material, 

18 supply, or manufactured product, including 

19 inspection and test equipment, and exclud20 ing technical data. 

21 (B) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED

22 NATIONS HEADQUARTERS AGREEMENT AND

23 LAW ENFORCEMENT OBJECTIVES.—Sanctions 

24 under paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply to an 


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1 alien if admitting the alien into the United 

2 States— 

3 (i) is necessary to permit the United 

4 States to comply with the Agreement re5 garding the Headquarters of the United 

6 Nations, signed at Lake Success on June 

7 26, 1947, and entered into force November 

8 21, 1947, between the United Nations and 

9 the United States, or other applicable 

10 international obligations of the United 

11 States; or 

12 (ii) would further important law en13 forcement objectives. 

14 (4) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 

15 (A) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President 

16 may exercise all authorities provided under sec17 tions 203 and 205 of the International Emer18 gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 

19 and 1704) to carry out this subsection. 

20 (B) PENALTIES RELATING TO PROPERTY

21 BLOCKING.—A person that violates, attempts to 

22 violate, conspires to violate, or causes a viola23 tion of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) or 

24 any regulation, license, or order issued to carry 

25 out either such subparagraph shall be subject to 


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1 the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) 

2 of section 206 of the International Emergency 

3 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the 

4 same extent as a person that commits an un5 lawful act described in subsection (a) of that 

6 section. 

7 (5) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

8 (A) ADMISSION; ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The 

9 terms ‘‘admission’’, ‘‘admitted’’, and ‘‘alien’’ 

10 have the meanings given those terms in section 

11 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 

12 U.S.C. 1101). 

13 (B) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign 

14 person’’ means a person that is not a United 

15 States person. 

16 (C) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, 

17 with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a 

18 result, means that a person has actual knowl19 edge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 

20 circumstance, or the result. 

21 (D) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term 

22 ‘‘United States person’’ means— 

23 (i) a United States citizen, an alien 

24 lawfully admitted for permanent residence 

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1 vidual subject to the jurisdiction of the 

2 United States; or 

3 (ii) an entity organized under the laws 

4 of the United States or of any jurisdiction 

5 within the United States, including a for6 eign branch of such entity. 

7 (b) LIMITATIONS ON EXPORT OF DEFENSE AND

8 DUAL-USE ITEMS TO ETHIOPIA AND ERITREA.— 

9 (1) DUAL-USE ITEMS.—A license shall be re10 quired under section 1754(c)(1)(A) of the Export 

11 Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 

12 4813(c)(1)(A)) for the export, reexport, or in-coun13 try transfer to Ethiopia or Eritrea of items de14 scribed in clause (ii) of that section. 

15 (2) DEFENSE ITEMS.—No license may be 

16 issued for the export to Ethiopia or Eritrea of any 

17 item on the United States Munitions List under sec18 tion 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

19 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)) on January 1, 2016. 

20 (c) PROHIBITION AND SUSPENSION OF CERTAIN AS21 SISTANCE TO ETHIOPIA.— 

22 (1) SUPPORT BY UNITED STATES INTER23 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.— 

24 The United States International Development Fi25 nance Corporation may not provide support under 


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1 title II of the Better Utilization of Investments 

2 Leading to Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 

3 9621 et seq.) for projects in Ethiopia. 

4 (2) TERMINATION.—The prohibition under 

5 paragraph (1) shall not apply on or after the date 

6 that is 30 days after the Secretary of State deter7 mines and certifies to the appropriate congressional 

8 committees that the Government of Ethiopia and its 

9 proxies and allies have— 

10 (A) ceased all offensive military operations 

11 in northern Ethiopia; 

12 (B) taken steps toward a genuine political 

13 dialogue to achieve an end to the conflict; 

14 (C) implemented measures to better pro15 tect human rights and ensure adherence to 

16 international humanitarian law and inter17 national human rights law; 

18 (D) continuously allowed unfettered hu19 manitarian access; and 

20 (E) cooperated with independent investiga21 tions of credible allegations of war crimes, 

22 crimes against humanity, and other human 

23 rights abuses carried out in the course of hos24 tilities. 


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1 (d) MULTILATERAL SANCTIONS.—The Secretary, in 

2 consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the 

3 Secretary of Commerce, as appropriate, should engage 

4 with members of the United Nations Security Council, the 

5 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the European Union, 

6 the African Union, and any other relevant actors to 

7 achieve a coordinated imposition of multilateral sanctions 

8 and export controls on persons described in subsection 

9 (a)(1). 

10 SEC. 8. SECURITY ASSISTANCE. 

11 (a) SUSPENSION OF ASSISTANCE.—All security as12 sistance being provided to the Government of Ethiopia by 

13 the United States Government shall immediately be sus14 pended until such time as the Secretary reports to the ap15 propriate congressional committees that hostilities in 

16 northern Ethiopia and related conflicts have ended, and 

17 the parties to the conflict are engaged in good faith efforts 

18 to reach a comprehensive peace agreement. 

19 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 15 days after the date 

20 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide 

21 to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehen22 sive list of all assistance halted in compliance with sub23 section (a) as of the date of the enactment of this Act. 


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1 SEC. 9. ASSISTANCE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FED2 ERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA 

3 PROVIDED THROUGH INTERNATIONAL FI4 NANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 

5 (a) RESTRICTIONS.—The Secretary of the Treasury 

6 shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the 

7 international financial institutions— 

8 (1) to use the voice and vote of the United 

9 States in those institutions to oppose any loan or ex10 tension of financial or technical assistance to the 

11 Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea; and 

12 (2) to work with other key donor countries to 

13 develop a coordinated policy with respect to lending 

14 to the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea aimed 

15 at advancing human rights and promoting peace. 

16 (b) EXCEPTION FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES.— 

17 The restrictions under paragraphs (1) and (2) of sub18 section (a) shall not apply with respect to loans or finan19 cial or technical assistance provided for humanitarian pur20 poses, including efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to 

21 the COVID–19 pandemic, or any other infectious disease 

22 threat that is declared by the World Health Organization 

23 to be a Public Health Emergency of International Con24 cern. 

25 (c) WAIVER FOR PROJECTS THAT DIRECTLY SUP26 PORT BASIC HUMAN NEEDS.—The Secretary of the 


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1 Treasury may waive the application of the restriction 

2 under subsection (a)(1) only if the Secretary of the Treas3 ury submits to the appropriate congressional committees 

4 a written determination, arrived at with the concurrence 

5 of the Secretary of State, that the waiver is being exer6 cised to support projects that directly support basic, life7 saving human needs. 

8 (d) TERMINATION.—Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply 

9 on or after the date that is 30 days after the Secretary 

10 of State determines and certifies to the appropriate con11 gressional committees that the Government of Ethiopia 

12 and its proxies and allies have— 

13 (1) ceased all offensive military operations in 

14 northern Ethiopia and conflict in surrounding areas 

15 of Ethiopia; 

16 (2) taken steps toward a genuine political dia17 logue to achieve an end to the conflict; 

18 (3) implemented measures to better protect 

19 human rights and ensure adherence to international 

20 humanitarian law and international human rights 

21 law; 

22 (4) continuously allowed unfettered humani23 tarian access; and 

24 (5) cooperated with independent investigations 

25 of credible allegations of war crimes, crimes against 


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1 humanity and other human rights abuses carried out 

2 in the course of hostilities. 

3 (e) BRIEFING.—Not later than 60 days after the date 

4 of the enactment of this Act and every 120 days thereafter 

5 until the restrictions in subsection (a)(1) are terminated 

6 pursuant to subsection (d), the Secretary of the Treasury, 

7 in conjunction with the Secretary and the Administrator 

8 of the United States Agency for International Develop9 ment, or their designees, shall brief the appropriate con10 gressional committees on the efforts of the United States 

11 Executive Directors of the international financial institu12 tions pursuant to subsection (a). 

13 SEC. 10. SUPPORT FOR ACCOUNTABILITY. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to 

15 provide financial, technical, and diplomatic support for ef16 forts to pursue accountability for war crimes and crimes 

17 against humanity, including any preliminary activities nec18 essary to preserve evidence of crimes in Ethiopia, with the 

19 goal of promoting accountability for war crimes, crimes 

20 against humanity, or other violations of international 

21 human rights law and international humanitarian law that 

22 have taken place in the course of hostilities in northern 

23 Ethiopia or other areas of Ethiopia. 

24 (b) PROVISION OF INFORMATION.—The President is 

25 authorized to share information possessed by the United 


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1 States Government with organizations engaged in a cred2 ible investigation meant to lead to the prosecution of any 

3 individual credibly accused of war crimes, crimes against 

4 humanity, or other violations of international human 

5 rights law or international humanitarian law in accord6 ance with this section. 

7 SEC. 11. ARMS-RELATED, FINANCIAL, AND OTHER REPORT8 ING REQUIREMENTS. 

9 (a) REPORT ON CERTAIN ACTIVITIES AND FINANCES

10 OF SENIOR OFFICIALS OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ETHI11 OPIA AND ERITREA AND ARMED OPPOSITION GROUPS.— 

12 Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 

13 of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that 

14 is 2 years after the end of hostilities in the Tigray region, 

15 the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congres16 sional committees a report that— 

17 (1) describes the actions and involvement of any 

18 senior officials of the Governments of Ethiopia and 

19 Eritrea and any senior leaders in the party to the 

20 conflict in northern Ethiopia and related conflicts— 

21 (A) facilitating or financing the sale or 

22 transfers of arms or weapons to any party to 

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1 trea, opposition groups, militias, or other armed 

2 groups active in the conflict in Ethiopia; 

3 (B) directing, carrying out, or ordering 

4 violations of human rights including the sys5 temic use of rape and sexual and gender based 

6 violence; 

7 (C) directing, carrying out, or ordering the 

8 use or recruitment of children by armed groups 

9 or armed forces; and 

10 (D) directing, carrying out, or ordering 

11 significant acts of corruption; 

12 (2) identifies Ethiopian, Eritrean, and other 

13 foreign financial institutions in which senior officials 

14 of the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea whose 

15 actions are described in paragraph (1), and senior 

16 leaders of parties to the conflict in northern Ethi17 opia and related conflicts in the Federal Democratic 

18 Republic of Ethiopia whose actions are described in 

19 paragraph (1), hold significant assets, and provides 

20 an assessment of the value of such assets; and 

21 (3) identifies Ethiopian, Eritrean, and foreign 

22 financial institutions that knowingly facilitate or fi23 nance the sale or transfer of weapons, arms, or non24 lethal equipment intended or altered by a third party 


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1 for military use to any party to the hostilities in 

2 Ethiopia. 

3 (b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 

4 shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 

5 a classified annex. 

6 (c) REPORT ON PROGRESS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN

7 ETHIOPIA.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the 

8 enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the 

9 Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a report on 

10 progress towards holding individuals in Ethiopia and Eri11 trea accountable for human rights violations, war crimes, 

12 and crimes against humanity. 

13 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

14 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ethiopia Peace and Sta15 bilization Act of 2022’’. 

16 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

17 In this Act: 

18 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT19 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit20 tees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

21 the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 

22 the House of Representatives. 

23 (2) CIVIL CONFLICT.—The term ‘‘civil conflict’’ 

24 means the civil conflict that began in Ethiopia’s 


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1 Tigray region in November 2020, and has since 

2 spread to other parts of the country. 

3 (3) PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT.—The term ‘‘par4 ties to the conflict’’ means the state authorities and 

5 armed parties directly participating in the civil con6 flict in Ethiopia, including the Governments of Ethi7 opia and Eritrea, Tigray People’s Liberation Front 

8 (TPLF), Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF), 

9 Tigray Defense Forces (TDF), Eritrean Defence 

10 Forces (EDF), Ethiopian regional forces, organized 

11 ethnic militia, and any other entity which the Presi12 dent determines to be among the parties to the conflict 

13 for purposes of this Act. 

14 (4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

15 the Secretary of State. 

16 (5) SENIOR OFFICIAL.—The term ‘‘senior offi17 cial’’ means— 

18 (A) the head of state or head of party; 

19 (B) the head of government; 

20 (C) a member of the cabinet or official exer21 cising minister-level authority; 

22 (D) any other high ranking official in the 

23 defense, security, or foreign affairs apparatus of 

24 the government; or 


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1 (E) any other office which the President de2 termines to be a senior official for purposes of 

3 this Act. 

4 SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

5 It is the sense of Congress that— 

6 (1) Ethiopia’s civil conflict directly threatens the 

7 unity of and undermines democracy in Ethiopia and 

8 threatens stability in the Horn of Africa; 

9 (2) northern Ethiopia has suffered from a pro10 longed blockade that has prevented the flow of human11 itarian assistance, medical supplies, and fuel and cre12 ated an unprecedented humanitarian crisis; 

13 (3) all parties to the civil conflict should imme14 diately end hostilities and allow unfettered access to 

15 deliver humanitarian aid, negotiate a ceasefire, and 

16 begin negotiations towards a sustainable peace agree17 ment; 

18 (4) the Government of Eritrea must immediately 

19 and completely withdraw its military forces from 

20 Ethiopia; 

21 (5) external actors must cease the sale and provi22 sion of all arms and materiel to all parties to the con23 flict; 

24 (6) the United States and the international com25 munity should prioritize delivering humanitarian aid 


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1 to all areas in need of assistance, with an urgent 

2 focus on the provision of emergency food aid to com3 munities that are currently facing famine conditions 

4 or food insecurity; 

5 (7) the United States should provide assistance 

6 for a peaceful negotiated settlement to the civil con7 flict, including assistance for stabilization, mitiga8 tion, reconciliation, and democracy strengthening; 

9 (8) the United States should impose restrictions 

10 on security and other related assistance; 

11 (9) all allegations of human rights abuses, war 

12 crimes, and crimes against humanity must be thor13 oughly investigated by a neutral credible body, and 

14 perpetrators must be held accountable; and 

15 (10) the United States and international com16 munity should seek to hold accountable governments, 

17 organizations, and individuals, including those in the 

18 diaspora who have— 

19 (A) incited the civil conflict and related vio20 lence in Ethiopia; and 

21 (B) spread disinformation as part or on be22 half of a foreign government, political party, eth23 nic group, or organization to further the civil 

24 conflict or incite anti-American sentiment in 

25 Ethiopia. 


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1 SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

2 It is the policy of the United States to support a peace3 ful, democratic, and unified Ethiopia by— 

4 (1) using all diplomatic, development, and legal 

5 tools to support a sustainable peace agreement; 

6 (2) supporting a credible, inclusive political 

7 process to unify the country that is convened by a 

8 mutually agreed upon party, individual, or group 

9 and that— 

10 (A) acknowledges the political nature of 

11 conflict; 

12 (B) seeks a political solution to support the 

13 resolution of grievances; and 

14 (C) charts a democratic and peaceful path 

15 forward for the country; 

16 (3) advancing the human, civil, and political 

17 rights of all Ethiopians regardless of ethnicity, reli18 gion, gender, or geographic area of origin; and 

19 (4) countering malign foreign influence and 

20 disinformation exacerbating the civil conflict and 

21 intercommunal violence. 

22 SEC. 5. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN 

23 ETHIOPIA. 

24 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 

25 that the United States must— 


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1 (1) use all diplomatic levers at its disposal to se2 cure the release of all political prisoners, including 

3 opposition leaders, supporters, journalists, and activ4 ists detained on the basis of their political activity or 

5 views, their ethnicity, or their reporting; 

6 (2) ensure the Government of Ethiopia respects 

7 the rights of all Ethiopians to free expression and po8 litical participation, without discrimination based on 

9 ethnicity, ideology, or political affiliation; and 

10 (3) support a credible mechanism that addresses 

11 grievances and charts a democratic and peaceful path 

12 forward for the country, and which includes rep13 resentatives of all political parties, including those 

14 who have been detained as political prisoners, civil 

15 society organizations, and representatives of ethnic 

16 communities. 

17 (b) STRATEGY.— 

18 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation 

19 with the Administrator of the United States Agency 

20 for International Development, shall develop and im21 plement a strategy for supporting democracy and the 

22 rule of law and adherence to international humani23 tarian law and relevant international human rights 

24 treaties in Ethiopia that includes a description and 

25 justification of— 


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1 (A) plans to support civil society efforts re2 lated to expanding citizen participation and po3 litical space; 

4 (B) plans to support a credible, comprehen5 sive political process to unify Ethiopia, which 

6 includes broad representation from civil society, 

7 political parties, ethnic communities, and reli8 gious groups; 

9 (C) plans to support respect for the rule of 

10 law, including justice and accountability mecha11 nisms for abuses and atrocities committed in the 

12 course of the civil conflict; 

13 (D) plans to combat hate speech and 

14 disinformation in Ethiopia; 

15 (E) current and planned democracy and 

16 governance support to Ethiopia’s government in17 stitutions, including independent institutions 

18 like the National Electoral Board of Ethiopia 

19 (NEBE); 

20 (F) plans for evaluating current and 

21 planned democracy and governance support and 

22 application of lessons learned; and 

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1 petrate gross violations of human rights, or are 

2 credibly implicated in public corruption. 

3 (2) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not less than 90 

4 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

5 Secretary shall submit the strategy required under 

6 paragraph (1) to the appropriate congressional com7 mittees. 

8 (c) QUARTERLY REPORTS.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after 

10 the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 

11 days thereafter, the Secretary of State, after consulta12 tion with the heads of other Federal departments and 

13 agencies represented on the Atrocity Early Warning 

14 Task Force and with representatives of human rights 

15 organizations, shall submit to the appropriate con16 gressional committees a report that includes a deter17 mination with respect to whether actions in Ethiopia 

18 by parties to the conflict constitute— 

19 (A) genocide; 

20 (B) crimes against humanity; or 

21 (C) war crimes. 

22 (2) FORM.—Each report required by paragraph 

23 (1) shall— 


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1 (A) clearly identify individuals or groups 

2 about which the determination in such para3 graph is made; and 

4 (B) be submitted in unclassified form, but 

5 may include a classified annex that is provided 

6 separately. 

7 (3) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall 

8 make each report submitted under paragraph (1) 

9 available to the public on an internet website of the 

10 Department of State. 

11 SEC. 6. SUPPORT FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION, MITIGATION 

12 AND MANAGEMENT, AND RECONCILIATION. 

13 (a) CONFLICT RESOLUTION.—The President is author14 ized to provide financial, technical, and diplomatic support 

15 for— 

16 (1) efforts by the African Union or other credible 

17 entities engaged in efforts to help bring about a peace18 ful resolution to conflict across Ethiopia; and 

19 (2) efforts by civil society, especially those from 

20 marginalized communities in all regions of Ethiopia, 

21 women, youth, and persons with disabilities, to par22 ticipate and engage in peacebuilding, mediation, and 

23 community reconciliation. 

24 (b) CONFLICT MITIGATION AND RECONCILIATION.— 

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1 tation of a coordinated strategy, developed by the Adminis2 trator of the United States Agency for International Devel3 opment in coordination with relevant bureaus of the De4 partment of State, to support conflict mitigation and man5 agement, reconciliation, and trauma healing for conflict af6 fected groups in Ethiopia that includes— 

7 (1) an analysis of the drivers of conflict in Ethi8 opia; 

9 (2) a comprehensive plan to support efforts to 

10 mitigate and manage conflict with an emphasis on 

11 community-led grassroots reconciliation; 

12 (3) plans to support grass roots local mecha13 nisms for dispute resolution and sustainable mecha14 nisms to address grievances at the community level; 

15 (4) specific steps the Department of State and 

16 the United States Agency for International Develop17 ment will take to ensure the participation of tradi18 tionally marginalized communities and ethnic 

19 groups, women, and youth; 

20 (5) plans to ensure that all assistance programs 

21 that aim to benefit the Ethiopian people or build the 

22 capacity of civil society incorporate, to the extent 

23 practicable, community-based conflict mitigation and 

24 management, violence prevention, peacebuilding 


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1 interventions, reconciliation activities, psychosocial 

2 support, and trauma healing; 

3 (6) plans to ensure that all assistance programs 

4 that are directly aimed at benefitting the Ethiopian 

5 people are implemented based on need and do not dis6 criminate on the basis of ethnic, regional, or political 

7 affiliations; 

8 (7) a clear statement of— 

9 (A) the goals and expected outcomes of the 

10 strategy; and 

11 (B) the means through which progress to12 wards the strategy’s goals will be measured, in13 cluding through regular evaluations; and 

14 (8) plans for updating and revising the current 

15 Country Development Cooperation Strategy to include 

16 elements of the strategy required under this sub17 section. 

18 (c) SUBMISSION.—The Secretary shall submit the 

19 strategy required under subsection (b) to the appropriate 

20 congressional committees not later than 90 days after the 

21 date of the enactment of this Act. 

22 SEC. 7. ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF PEACE AND STABILITY IN 

23 ETHIOPIA. 

24 (a) SANCTIONS FOR ACTIONS UNDERMINING TRANSI25 TION TO DEMOCRACY.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning 180 days after the 

2 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall 

3 impose the sanctions described in paragraph (2) con4 cerning any foreign person that the President deter5 mines— 

6 (A) has knowingly engaged in significant 

7 acts which have materially undermined or which 

8 are intended to undermine officially authorized 

9 efforts to negotiate a settlement to end the civil 

10 conflict; 

11 (B) has directly and materially contributed 

12 to an escalation of the civil conflict; 

13 (C) deliberately impedes the delivery of hu14 manitarian assistance to any area of the coun15 try; or 

16 (D) through business dealings with senior 

17 leadership of the Government of Ethiopia or the 

18 Tigray People’s Liberation Front or other par19 ties to the conflict, has knowingly derived signifi20 cant financial or political benefit from the con21 flict or efforts made to impede a transition to de22 mocracy in Ethiopia through actions including 

23 directing or knowingly engaging in or facili24 tating— 

25 (i) electoral fraud; 


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1 (ii) serious human rights abuses; or 

2 (iii) acts of public corruption. 

3 (2) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions that 

4 the President shall impose under paragraph (1) con5 cerning a foreign person are the following: 

6 (A) PROPERTY BLOCKING.—The exercise of 

7 all powers granted to the President by the Inter8 national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 

9 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to 

10 block and prohibit all transactions in all prop11 erty and interests in property of the foreign per12 son if such property and interests in property 

13 are in the United States, come within the United 

14 States, or come within the possession or control 

15 of a United States person. 

16 (B) ALIENS INADMISSIBLE FOR VISAS, AD17 MISSION, OR PAROLE.— 

18 (i) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.— 

19 An alien described in paragraph (1) is— 

20 (I) inadmissible to the United 

21 States; 

22 (II) ineligible to receive a visa or 

23 other documentation to enter the 

24 United States; and 


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1 (III) otherwise ineligible to be ad2 mitted or paroled into the United 

3 States or to receive any other benefit 

4 under the Immigration and Nation5 ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). 

6 (ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 

7 (I) IN GENERAL.—The United 

8 States shall revoke the visa or other 

9 entry documentation of an alien de10 scribed in paragraph (1), regardless of 

11 when such visa or other entry docu12 mentation is or was issued. 

13 (II) IMMEDIATE EFFECT.—A rev14 ocation under subclause (I) shall— 

15 (aa) take effect immediately; 

16 and 

17 (bb) automatically cancel 

18 any other valid visa or entry doc19 umentation that is in the alien’s 

20 possession. 

21 (3) EXCEPTIONS.— 

22 (A) EXCEPTION FOR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVI23 TIES.—Sanctions under this section shall not 

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1 rity Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any 

2 authorized intelligence activities of the United 

3 States. 

4 (B) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH INTER5 NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND FOR LAW ENFORCE6 MENT ACTIVITIES.—Sanctions under paragraph 

7 (2)(B) shall not apply with respect to an alien 

8 if admitting or paroling the alien into the 

9 United States is necessary— 

10 (i) to permit the United States to com11 ply with the Agreement regarding the Head12 quarters of the United Nations, signed at 

13 Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered 

14 into force November 21, 1947, between the 

15 United Nations and the United States, or 

16 other applicable international obligations; 

17 or 

18 (ii) to carry out or assist law enforce19 ment activity in the United States. 

20 (C) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION

21 OF GOODS.— 

22 (i) IN GENERAL.—The authorities and 

23 requirements to impose sanctions authorized 

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1 thority or a requirement to impose sanc2 tions on the importation of goods. 

3 (ii) GOOD DEFINED.—In this para4 graph, the term ‘‘good’’ means any article, 

5 natural or manmade substance, material, 

6 supply or manufactured product, including 

7 inspection and test equipment, and exclud8 ing technical data. 

9 (4) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 

10 (A) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may 

11 exercise all authorities provided under sections 

12 203 and 205 of the International Emergency 

13 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 

14 1704) to carry out this subsection. 

15 (B) PENALTIES RELATING TO PROPERTY

16 BLOCKING.—A person that violates, attempts to 

17 violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation 

18 of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) or any 

19 regulation, license, or order issued to carry out 

20 either such subparagraph shall be subject to the 

21 penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of 

22 section 206 of the International Emergency Eco23 nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same 

24 extent as a person that commits an unlawful act 

25 described in subsection (a) of that section. 


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1 (5) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

2 (A) ADMISSION; ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The 

3 terms ‘‘admission’’, ‘‘admitted’’, and ‘‘alien’’ 

4 have the meanings given those terms in section 

5 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 

6 U.S.C. 1101). 

7 (B) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON8 GRESS.—The term ‘‘appropriate committees of 

9 Congress’’ means the Committee on Foreign Re10 lations of the Senate, the Committee on Banking, 

11 Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, the 

12 Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 

13 Representatives, and the Committee on Finan14 cial Services of the House of Representatives. 

15 (C) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign 

16 person’’ means a person that is not a United 

17 States person. 

18 (D) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, 

19 with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a re20 sult, means that a person has actual knowledge, 

21 or should have known, of the conduct, the cir22 cumstance, or the result. 

23 (E) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term 

24 ‘‘United States person’’ means— 


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1 (i) a United States citizen, an alien 

2 lawfully admitted for permanent residence 

3 to the United States, or any other indi4 vidual subject to the jurisdiction of the 

5 United States; or 

6 (ii) an entity organized under the laws 

7 of the United States or of any jurisdiction 

8 within the United States, including a for9 eign branch of such entity. 

10 (6) PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The 

11 President may waive, on a case-by-case basis and for 

12 a period of not more than 180 days, subject to re13 newal, a requirement under this section to impose or 

14 maintain sanctions with respect to a person, only if 

15 the President submits to the appropriate committees 

16 of Congress— 

17 (A) a written determination that the waiver 

18 or renewal of a waiver is in the national secu19 rity interests of the United States; or 

20 (B) a certification that the person that had 

21 engaged in otherwise sanctionable behavior has 

22 ceased engaging in such behavior and that there 

23 is not a risk that the person could engage in such 

24 behavior in the future. 


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1 (b) LIMITATIONS ON EXPORT OF DEFENSE AND DUAL2 USE ITEMS TO ETHIOPIA AND ERITREA.— 

3 (1) DUAL-USE ITEMS.—A license shall be re4 quired under section 1754(c)(1)(A) of the Export Con5 trol Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)) for 

6 the export, re-export, or in-country transfer to Ethi7 opia or Eritrea of items described in clause (ii) of 

8 that section. 

9 (2) DEFENSE ITEMS.—No license may be issued 

10 for the export to Ethiopia or Eritrea of any item on 

11 the United States Munitions List under section 

12 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 

13 2778(a)(1)) on January 1, 2016. 

14 (c) PROHIBITION AND SUSPENSION OF CERTAIN AS15 SISTANCE TO ETHIOPIA.— 

16 (1) SUPPORT BY UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL

17 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.—The United 

18 States International Development Finance Corpora19 tion may not provide support under title II of the 

20 Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Develop21 ment Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9621 et seq.) for projects 

22 in Ethiopia. 

23 (2) TERMINATION.—The prohibition under para24 graph (1) shall not apply on or after the date that 

25 the criteria outlined in section 13 have been met. 


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1 (3) PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The 

2 President may waive, on a case-by-case basis, the pro3 hibition under paragraph (1) if the President submits 

4 to the appropriate committees of Congress a written 

5 determination that the waiver is in the national secu6 rity interests of the United States. 

7 (d) MULTILATERAL SANCTIONS.—The Secretary, in 

8 consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the 

9 Secretary of Commerce, as appropriate, should engage with 

10 members of the United Nations Security Council, the North 

11 Atlantic Treaty Organization, the European Union, the Af12 rican Union, and any other relevant actors to achieve a 

13 coordinated imposition of multilateral sanctions and export 

14 controls on persons described in subsection (a)(1). 

15 SEC. 8. SECURITY ASSISTANCE. 

16 (a) SUSPENSION OF ASSISTANCE.—The United States 

17 shall immediately suspend all security assistance being pro18 vided to the Government of Ethiopia. 

19 (b) PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Presi20 dent may waive the suspension in subsection (a) if the 

21 President submits to the appropriate committees of Con22 gress a written determination that— 

23 (1) the waiver or renewal of a waiver is in the 

24 national security interests of the United States; and 


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1 (2) the Government of Ethiopia and its proxies 

2 are taking steps toward a genuine negotiated settle3 ment with the major parties to the conflict. 

4 (c) TERMINATION.—The suspension under subsection 

5 (a) shall not apply on or after the date that the criteria 

6 outlined in section 13 are met. 

7 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after the date 

8 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide to 

9 the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive 

10 list of all assistance halted in compliance with subsection 

11 (a) as of the date of the enactment of this Act. 

12 SEC. 9. ASSISTANCE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA 

13 PROVIDED THROUGH INTERNATIONAL FI14 NANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 

15 (a) RESTRICTIONS.—The Secretary of the Treasury 

16 shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the 

17 international financial institutions— 

18 (1) to use the voice and vote of the United States 

19 in those institutions to oppose any loan or extension 

20 of financial or technical assistance to the Govern21 ments of Ethiopia and Eritrea; and 

22 (2) to work with other key donor countries to de23 velop a coordinated policy for lending to the Govern24 ments of Ethiopia and Eritrea aimed at promoting 


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1 peace and adherence to international humanitarian 

2 law and relevant international human rights treaties. 

3 (b) EXCEPTION FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES.—The 

4 restrictions under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) 

5 shall not apply to loans or financial or technical assistance 

6 provided for humanitarian purposes. 

7 (c) WAIVER FOR PROJECTS THAT DIRECTLY SUPPORT

8 BASIC HUMAN NEEDS.—The Secretary of the Treasury 

9 may waive the application of the restriction under sub10 section (a)(1) only if the Secretary of the Treasury submits 

11 to the appropriate congressional committees a written deter12 mination, arrived at with the concurrence of the Secretary 

13 of State, that the waiver supports projects that directly pro14 vides basic human needs. 

15 (d) PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Presi16 dent may waive the application of the restriction under sub17 section (a)(1), on a case-by-case basis, if the President sub18 mits to the appropriate congressional committees a written 

19 determination that the waiver is in the national security 

20 interests of the United States. 

21 (e) TERMINATION.—Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply 

22 after the criteria outlined in section 13 are met. 

23 (f) BRIEFING.—Not later than 60 days after the date 

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1 nated pursuant to subsection (d), the Secretary of the Treas2 ury, in conjunction with the Secretary of State and the Ad3 ministrator of the United States Agency for International 

4 Development, or their designees, shall brief the appropriate 

5 congressional committees on the efforts of the United States 

6 Executive Directors of the international financial institu7 tions pursuant to subsection (a). 

8 SEC. 10. SUPPORT FOR ACCOUNTABILITY. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to pro10 vide technical and diplomatic support, including support 

11 for activities related to evidence preservation and informa12 tion sharing, to credible accountability mechanisms with 

13 jurisdiction, to promote accountability for war crimes, 

14 crimes against humanity, or other violations of inter15 national human rights law and international humani16 tarian law that took place in the 6 months preceding the 

17 outbreak of the civil conflict, and have taken place in the 

18 course of the civil conflict. 

19 (b) REPORT ON PROGRESS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN

20 ETHIOPIA.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the 

21 enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the 

22 Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a report on 

23 progress towards holding individuals in Ethiopia and Eri24 trea accountable for atrocities, including war crimes and 

25 crimes against humanity. 


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1 SEC. 11. CERTAIN ACTIVITIES AND FINANCES RELATED TO 

2 THE CONFLICT. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

4 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days after 

5 that until the end of the civil conflict, the Secretary, in con6 sultation with the Director of National Intelligence and the 

7 Secretary of the Treasury, shall provide to the appropriate 

8 committees of Congress a report that includes— 

9 (1) a description of the actions and involvement 

10 of any senior officials of any party to the civil con11 flict— 

12 (A) facilitating or financing the sale or 

13 transfers of arms or weapons to any party to the 

14 civil conflict; 

15 (B) directing, carrying out, or ordering ac16 tions that lead to violations of international hu17 manitarian law, including those involving the 

18 systemic use of rape; 

19 (C) directing, carrying out, or ordering the 

20 use or recruitment of children by armed groups 

21 or armed forces; 

22 (D) directing, carrying out, or engaging in 

23 significant acts of corruption; 

24 (E) directing, carrying out, or ordering the 

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1 venting humanitarian assistance or aid workers 

2 from reaching civilian populations; 

3 (F) directing, carrying out, or ordering the 

4 killing of aid workers in Ethiopia; and 

5 (G) directing, carrying out, or ordering the 

6 looting or destruction of civilian infrastructure 

7 in violation of international humanitarian law, 

8 including health facilities and schools; 

9 (2) a description of Ethiopian and other foreign 

10 financial institutions that identifies— 

11 (A) senior officials of the parties to the con12 flict whose actions, as identified in paragraph 

13 (1) who hold significant assets within a finan14 cial institution subject to the jurisdiction of the 

15 United States, and an estimated assessment of 

16 the value of such assets; and 

17 (B) Ethiopian and foreign financial insti18 tutions that knowingly facilitate or finance the 

19 sale or transfer of weapons, arms, or non-lethal 

20 equipment intended or altered by a third party 

21 for military use to any party to the civil con22 flict; 

23 (3) a description of the full extent of involvement 

24 in the civil conflict by foreign governments, including 

25 the Governments of China, Egypt, Eritrea, Iran, 


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1 Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Turkey, and 

2 the United Arab Emirates, and others as appropriate, 

3 which shall include— 

4 (A) a description of which governments 

5 have engaged in or supported the conduct of 

6 drone and aircraft strikes; 

7 (B) a list of the types and estimated 

8 amounts of arms and materiel transferred by 

9 each government identified under this para10 graph, including drone aircraft, to the parties to 

11 the conflict or foreign military contractors oper12 ating in Ethiopia; 

13 (C) an estimate of significant financial sup14 port provided by each government identified 

15 under this paragraph to the parties to the con16 flict or foreign military contractors; and 

17 (D) a description of United States diplo18 matic engagement with the European Union and 

19 NATO regarding the support provided by the 

20 foreign governments, identified under this para21 graph, to the parties to the conflict and foreign 

22 military contractors; and 

23 (4) a description of the full extent of involvement 

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1 tionals in military activities in the civil conflict, in2 cluding— 

3 (A) a description of the Ethiopian diaspora 

4 and other non-Ethiopian nationals directly par5 ticipating in the civil conflict either through on 

6 the ground fighting or support operations, pro7 viding financial or logistical support from 

8 abroad, or engaging in activities inciting the 

9 parties to the conflict; and 

10 (B) an estimate of significant financial 

11 support provided by Ethiopian diaspora and 

12 other non-Ethiopian nationals to the parties to 

13 the conflict. 

14 (b) FORM.—The Secretary shall submit the report re15 quired under subsection (a) in a classified form. 

16 (c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days after the date 

17 of the enactment of this Act, and not less than 120 days 

18 thereafter upon request until the Secretary determines the 

19 requirements are met pursuant to section 13, the Secretary, 

20 or the Secretary’s designee, shall brief the appropriate com21 mittees of Congress on the information described under sub22 section (a). 

23 (d) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS DE24 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate committees 

25 of Congress’’ means— 


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1 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 

2 Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and 

3 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 

4 Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 

5 House of Representatives. 

6 SEC. 12. REPORT ON THE USE OF DISINFORMATION RE7 LATED TO THE CONFLICT. 

8 (a) REPORT ON THE USE OF ONLINE DISINFORMATION

9 IN THE CIVIL CONFLICT.—Not later than 90 days after the 

10 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days there11 after, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate 

12 congressional committees a report that— 

13 (1) describes the use of online disinformation by 

14 parties to the conflict to perpetuate the conflict; 

15 (2) describes how funding from state and non16 state actors supports use by parties to the conflict of 

17 disinformation, in order to further the civil conflict; 

18 and 

19 (3) details any efforts to disrupt the spread of 

20 online disinformation related to the civil conflict, in21 cluding efforts by online and social media providers. 

22 (b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 

23 shall be submitted in unclassified form and made publicly 

24 available, but may contain a classified annex. 


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1 SEC. 13. TERMINATION OF REQUIREMENTS. 

2 Reporting requirements under sections 5(c), 10, and 

3 11, the authorities under section 7, the suspension of secu4 rity assistance under section 8(a), and the restriction under 

5 section 9(a)(1) shall not apply on or after the date that 

6 is 30 days after the Secretary determines and certifies to 

7 the appropriate congressional committees that the Govern8 ment of Ethiopia and its proxies have— 

9 (1) ceased all offensive military operations in the 

10 civil conflict; 

11 (2) taken steps toward a genuine negotiated set12 tlement with the major parties to the conflict; 

13 (3) implemented measures to ensure adherence to 

14 international humanitarian law and international 

15 human rights law; 

16 (4) allowed unfettered access for humanitarian 

17 relief on a reliable and established basis; and 

18 (5) cooperated with independent investigations of 

19 credible allegations of war crimes, crimes against hu20 manity, and other atrocities carried out in the civil 

21 conflict. 


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Calendar No. 336 

117TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3199 

A BILL 

To promote peace and democracy in Ethiopia, and 

for other purposes. 

APRIL 6, 2022 

Reported with an amendment 


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