II 

Calendar No. 455 

117TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3052 

To promote free and fair elections, democracy, political freedoms, and human 

rights in Cambodia, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 21, 2021 

Mr. MARKEY (for himself, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. TILLIS, Ms. WARREN, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. PADILLA, Mr. COONS, Mr. REED, Mr. 

WHITEHOUSE, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, Mr. MERKLEY, Mr. 

CARDIN, Mr. PETERS, and Ms. COLLINS) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

JULY 21, 2022 

Reported by Mr. MENENDEZ, with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To promote free and fair elections, democracy, political freedoms, and human rights in Cambodia, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cambodia Democracy 

5 and Human Rights Act of 2021’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress finds the following: 

3 (1) On October 23, 1991, Cambodia and 18 

4 other countries signed the Comprehensive Cam5 bodian Peace Agreement (commonly referred to as 

6 the ‘‘Paris Peace Agreements’’), which committed 

7 Cambodia to a democratic system of governance pro8 tected by a constitution and free and fair elections 

9 and stated that the people of Cambodia ‘‘shall enjoy 

10 the rights and freedoms embodied in the Universal 

11 Declaration of Human Rights and other relevant 

12 international human rights instruments’’. 

13 (2) Prime Minister Hun Sen has been in power 

14 in Cambodia since 1984 and is the longest-serving 

15 leader in Southeast Asia. Despite decades of inter16 national attention and assistance to promote a plu17 ralistic, multi-party democratic system in Cambodia, 

18 the Government of Cambodia continues to be 

19 undemocratically dominated by the ruling Cam20 bodian People’s Party. 

21 (3) In 2015, the Cambodian People’s Party22 controlled National Assembly adopted the Law on 

23 Associations and Non-Governmental Organizations, 

24 which gave the Government of Cambodia sweeping 

25 powers to revoke the registration of nongovern26 mental organizations in the name of ‘‘national 


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1 unity’’, and which the government has used to re2 strict the legitimate work of civil society. 

3 (4) On August 23, 2017, Cambodia’s Ministry 

4 of Foreign Affairs ordered the closure of the Na5 tional Democratic Institute office in Cambodia and 

6 the expulsion of its foreign staff. On September 15, 

7 2017, Prime Minister Hun Sen called for the with8 drawal of all volunteers from the United States 

9 Peace Corps, which has operated in Cambodia since 

10 2006 with approximately 500 United States volun11 teers providing English language and healthcare 

12 training. 

13 (5) The Government of Cambodia has taken 

14 several measures to restrict its media environment, 

15 especially through politicized tax investigations 

16 against independent media outlets that resulted in 

17 the closure of The Cambodia Daily and Radio Free 

18 Asia in early September 2017. Additionally, the Gov19 ernment of Cambodia has ordered several radio sta20 tions to stop the broadcasting of Radio Free Asia 

21 and Voice of America programming. 

22 (6) Cambodia’s small number of independent 

23 trade unions and workers have the right to strike, 

24 but many face retribution for doing so, according to 

25 Freedom House. 


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1 (7) Each of the 6 elections that have taken 

2 place in Cambodia since 1991 was conducted in cir3 cumstances that were not free and fair, and were 

4 marked, to varying degrees, by fraud, intimidation, 

5 violence, and the misuse by the Government of Cam6 bodia of legal mechanisms to weaken opposition can7 didates and parties. The 2017 local elections were 

8 marked by fewer reported irregularities, however, 

9 which helped the opposition Cambodia National Res10 cue Party (in this section referred to as the 

11 ‘‘CNRP’’). Hun Sen responded to those improve12 ments in elections, resulting in part from inter13 national assistance and observers, by banning the 

14 CNRP, the primary opposition party, on November 

15 16, 2017. 

16 (8) On September 3, 2017, Kem Sokha, the 

17 President of the CNRP, was arrested on politically 

18 motivated charges, including treason and conspiring 

19 to overthrow the Government of Cambodia. While he 

20 was released on bail, he faces up to 30 years in pris21 on. His trial has been delayed due to the coronavirus 

22 disease 2019 (commonly known as ‘‘COVID–19’’) 

23 pandemic and will likely not resume in 2021. 

24 (9) In the most recent general election in July 

25 2018, following the dissolution of the CNRP, the 


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1 Cambodian People’s Party secured every parliamen2 tary seat, an electoral victory that the White House 

3 Press Secretary stated was ‘‘neither free nor fair 

4 and failed to represent the will of the Cambodian 

5 people’’. 

6 (10) The widespread crackdown by the Govern7 ment of Cambodia on the political opposition and 

8 other independent voices has caused many CNRP 

9 leaders to flee abroad. According to Human Rights 

10 Watch, on March 12, 2019, a court criminally 

11 charged and issued arrest warrants for 8 leading 

12 members of the CNRP, including former CNRP 

13 leader Sam Rainsy, who had left Cambodia ahead of 

14 the July 2018 election, as well as Mu Sochua, Ou 

15 Chanrith, Eng Chhai Eang, Men Sothavarin, Long 

16 Ry, Tob Van Chan, and Ho Vann. 

17 (11) The Government of Cambodia has arrested 

18 many opposition party members and democracy ac19 tivists who remained in Cambodia. More than 80 op20 position party supporters and activists were arrested 

21 in 2019 and were released on bail with charges still 

22 pending and could face re-arrest any time. 

23 (12) In November 2019, Sam Rainsy made a 

24 failed attempt to return to Cambodia to partake in 

25 mass pro-democracy protests. Approximately 150 


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1 CNRP activists were put on trial in 2020 and 2021 

2 for treason for calling for his return. 

3 (13) In March 2021, a Cambodian court con4 victed and sentenced Sam Rainsy in absentia to 25 

5 years in prison and 8 other opposition figures living 

6 in exile, including Rainsy’s wife Tioulong Saumura, 

7 as well as Mu Sochua, Eng Chhay Eang, Men 

8 Sothavarin, Ou Chanrith, Ho Vann, Long Ry, and 

9 Nuth Romduol, to between 20 and 22 years. 

10 (14) Prime Minister Hun Sen has used the 

11 COVID–19 pandemic as justification to further con12 solidate power and the Cambodia People’s Party13 controlled National Assembly passed new laws to 

14 further curtail the rights to freedom of expression, 

15 peaceful assembly, and association. 

16 (15) According to Human Rights Watch, under 

17 the guise of the pandemic, authorities— 

18 (A) banned protests organized by youth 

19 and environmental activists; 

20 (B) detained and interrogated at least 30 

21 people for Facebook posts related to the pan22 demic; and 

23 (C) charged one journalist for pandemic24 related reporting. 


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1 (16) According to Freedom House, Hun Sen 

2 uses the police and armed forces as instruments of 

3 repression. The military has stood firmly behind 

4 Hun Sen and his crackdown on opposition groups 

5 and Hun Sen has built a personal bodyguard unit in 

6 the armed forces that he reportedly uses to harass 

7 and abuse Cambodian People’s Party opponents. 

8 (17) In August 2020, 14 youth and environ9 mental activists were detained by Cambodian au10 thorities. In May 2021, 3 environmental activists 

11 were convicted on charges of ‘‘incitement to commit 

12 a felony or disturb social order’’, related to peaceful 

13 protests against authorities. In June 2021, a Cam14 bodian court charged 3 environmental activists with 

15 ‘‘plotting against the government and insulting the 

16 king’’. The 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights 

17 Practices of the Department of State reported ‘‘at 

18 least 40 political prisoners or detainees’’ in Cam19 bodia. 

20 (18) In 2019, the Wall Street Journal reported 

21 that Cambodia had signed a deal with the Govern22 ment of the People’s Republic of China to allow that 

23 Government access to and use of the Ream Naval 

24 Base on the Gulf of Thailand, which would violate 


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1 the Constitution of Cambodia, which prohibits the 

2 establishment of foreign military bases. 

3 (19) In 2019, the New York Times reported 

4 that a company described by the Department of the 

5 Treasury as being a state-owned company of the 

6 People’s Republic of China had secured a 99-year 

7 lease to build an airport capable of supporting mili8 tary aircraft at Dara Sakor, raising concerns that 

9 Beijing intends to use this dual-use facility for its 

10 military, which would violate the Constitution of 

11 Cambodia. 

12 (20) In section 401 of the Asia Reassurance 

13 Initiative Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–409; 132 

14 Stat. 5407), Congress expressed serious concerns 

15 with the rule of law and civil liberties in Cambodia 

16 and made the finding that the promotion of human 

17 rights and respect for democratic values in the Indo18 Pacific region is in the United States national secu19 rity interest. 

20 (21) The 2020 Country Reports on Human 

21 Rights Practices of the Department of State stated, 

22 of Cambodia, ‘‘Corruption was endemic throughout 

23 society and government. There were reports police, 

24 prosecutors, investigating judges, and presiding 

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1 legal businesses. Citizens frequently and publicly 

2 complained about corruption. Meager salaries con3 tributed to ‘survival corruption’ among low-level 

4 public servants, while a culture of impunity enabled 

5 corruption to flourish among senior officials.’’. 

6 (22) Section 7043(b) of the Department of 

7 State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs 

8 Appropriations Act, 2018 (division K of Public Law 

9 115–141; 132 Stat. 918) and section 201(f) of the 

10 Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018 (Public Law 

11 115–409; 132 Stat. 5392) restrict assistance to 

12 Cambodia until the Government of Cambodia takes 

13 effective steps to— 

14 (A) strengthen regional security and sta15 bility, particularly regarding territorial disputes 

16 in the South China Sea and the enforcement of 

17 international sanctions with respect to North 

18 Korea; and 

19 (B) respect the rights and responsibilities 

20 enshrined in the Constitution of the Kingdom 

21 of Cambodia as enacted in 1993, including 

22 through the— 

23 (i) restoration of the civil and political 

24 rights of the opposition Cambodia National 


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1 Rescue Party, media, and civil society or2 ganizations; 

3 (ii) restoration of all elected officials 

4 to their elected offices; and 

5 (iii) release of all political prisoners, 

6 including journalists, civil society activists, 

7 and members of the opposition political 

8 party. 

9 (23) On December 9, 2019, the Department of 

10 the Treasury imposed sanctions under the Global 

11 Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (sub12 title F of title XII of Public Law 114–328; 22 

13 U.S.C. 2656 note) with respect to certain corrupt 

14 Cambodian actors and their networks. 

15 (24) In February 2019, the European Union 

16 began intense scrutiny of Cambodia’s eligibility to 

17 for preferential trade access in light of the deteriora18 tion of democracy, the rule of law, and the protec19 tion of human rights in Cambodia. In February 

20 2020, the European Union, Cambodia’s largest ex21 port market, partially suspended trade preferences 

22 for Cambodia under its ‘‘Everything but Arms’’ 

23 trade program, in response to Cambodia’s violations 

24 of civil and political rights. 


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1 SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

2 It is the sense of Congress that— 

3 (1) the United States is committed to pro4 moting democracy, human rights, and the rule of 

5 law in Cambodia, as laid out in the 1991 Paris 

6 Peace Agreements; 

7 (2) the United States Government, through di8 plomacy and assistance, must urge the Government 

9 of Cambodia to— 

10 (A) release all political prisoners; 

11 (B) drop all politically motivated charges 

12 and vacate convictions against members of the 

13 Cambodia National Rescue Party, journalists, 

14 and civil society activists; and 

15 (C) restore full political rights to the Cam16 bodia National Rescue Party and other political 

17 parties; 

18 (3) the United States Government should urge 

19 the Government of Cambodia— 

20 (A) to reverse the policies and actions that 

21 have resulted in the dismantling of democracy, 

22 the blatant disregard of fundamental human 

23 rights, and the breakdown of rule of law in 

24 Cambodia; 

25 (B) to immediately discontinue the impris26 onment and judicial harassment of journalists, 


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1 political dissidents, and activists, and drop po2 litically motivated charges; 

3 (C) to halt the threat of mass arrests and 

4 violence if and when Cambodia National Rescue 

5 Party members currently overseas return to 

6 Cambodia; 

7 (D) to reinstate the political status of the 

8 Cambodia National Rescue Party and other op9 position parties, restore the Cambodia National 

10 Rescue Party’s elected seats in the National As11 sembly, and support electoral reform efforts in 

12 Cambodia with free and fair elections monitored 

13 by international observers; 

14 (E) to ensure that media outlets are able 

15 to operate freely and without interference, in16 cluding having the ability to apply for and re17 ceive licenses to operate within Cambodia; and 

18 (F) to consider how allowing the People’s 

19 Liberation Army to conduct activities, gain ac20 cess, or establish a presence in Cambodia would 

21 harm Cambodia’s relationships with its neigh22 bors, partners, and allies, and violate the Con23 stitution of Cambodia; 

24 (4) Prime Minister Hun Sen is directly respon25 sible, and should be held accountable, for the safety, 


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1 health, and welfare of exiled Cambodia National 

2 Rescue Party leaders and their supporters upon 

3 their return to Cambodia; 

4 (5) other governments throughout the Indo-Pa5 cific region should— 

6 (A) urge the Government of Cambodia to 

7 allow the peaceful return of exiled Cambodia 

8 National Rescue Party leaders and their sup9 porters; and 

10 (B) refrain from illegally restricting the 

11 rights of Cambodia National Rescue Party 

12 members to travel to and through their coun13 tries as they return; and 

14 (6) in the absence of systemic democratic re15 forms on the part of the Government of Cambodia, 

16 there is need for additional United States Govern17 ment measures, including through legislation and ex18 ecutive action. 

19 SEC. 4. SANCTIONS RELATING TO UNDERMINING DEMOC20 RACY IN CAMBODIA. 

21 (a) IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR

22 UNDERMINING DEMOCRACY IN CAMBODIA.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 

24 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 


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1 President shall submit to the appropriate congres2 sional committees a list of— 

3 (A) each foreign person, including any sen4 ior official of the Government, military, or secu5 rity forces of Cambodia, who the President de6 termines has, on or after such date of enact7 ment— 

8 (i) directly and substantially under9 mined democracy in Cambodia, including 

10 through the use of baseless legal charges, 

11 malicious prosecution, or mass trials; 

12 (ii) committed or directed serious 

13 human rights violations associated with 

14 undermining democracy in Cambodia; or 

15 (iii) engaged in or directed acts of sig16 nificant corruption, including the expro17 priation of private or public assets for per18 sonal gain, corruption related to govern19 ment contracts or the extraction of natural 

20 resources, bribery, or the facilitation or 

21 transfer of the proceeds of corruption to 

22 foreign jurisdictions; and 

23 (B) each foreign person owned or con24 trolled by an official described in subparagraph 

25 (A). 


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1 (2) UPDATES.—The President shall submit to 

2 the appropriate congressional committees updated 

3 lists under paragraph (1) as new information be4 comes available. 

5 (b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—The President shall 

6 impose the following sanctions with respect to each foreign 

7 person on the list required by subsection (a): 

8 (1) ASSET BLOCKING.—The President shall ex9 ercise all of the powers granted to the President 

10 under the International Emergency Economic Pow11 ers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (except that the re12 quirements of section 202 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 

13 1701) shall not apply) to the extent necessary to 

14 block and prohibit all transactions in property and 

15 interests in property of the person if such property 

16 and interests in property are in the United States, 

17 come within the United States, or are or come with18 in the possession or control of a United States per19 son. 

20 (2) ALIENS INADMISSIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMIS21 SION, OR PAROLE.— 

22 (A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—In 

23 the case of an individual, that individual is— 

24 (i) inadmissible to the United States; 


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1 (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 

2 documentation to enter the United States; 

3 and 

4 (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 

5 or paroled into the United States or to re6 ceive any other benefit under the Immigra7 tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 

8 seq.). 

9 (B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 

10 (i) IN GENERAL.—The visa or other 

11 entry documentation of the individual shall 

12 be revoked, regardless of when such visa or 

13 other entry documentation is or was 

14 issued. 

15 (ii) IMMEDIATE EFFECT.—A revoca16 tion under clause (i) shall— 

17 (I) take effect immediately; and 

18 (II) automatically cancel any 

19 other valid visa or entry documenta20 tion that is in the individual’s posses21 sion. 

22 (c) EXCEPTIONS.— 

23 (1) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF

24 GOODS.— 


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1 (A) IN GENERAL.—The authorities and re2 quirements to impose sanctions authorized 

3 under subsection (b)(1) shall not include the 

4 authority or requirement to impose sanctions on 

5 the importation of goods. 

6 (B) GOOD DEFINED.—In this paragraph, 

7 the term ‘‘good’’ means any article, natural or 

8 manmade substance, material, supply or manu9 factured product, including inspection and test 

10 equipment, and excluding technical data. 

11 (2) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH INTER12 NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS.—Sanctions under sub13 section (b)(2) shall not apply with respect to a for14 eign person if admitting or paroling the person into 

15 the United States is necessary to permit the United 

16 States to comply with the Agreement regarding the 

17 Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake 

18 Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force No19 vember 21, 1947, between the United Nations and 

20 the United States, or other applicable international 

21 obligations of the United States. 

22 (d) WAIVER.—The President may waive the applica23 tion of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a 

24 foreign person on the list required by subsection (a) if the 

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1 gressional committees that such a waiver is in the national 

2 interest of the United States. 

3 (e) SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS.— 

4 (1) SUSPENSION.—The requirement to impose 

5 sanctions under this section may be suspended for 

6 an initial period of not more than one year if the 

7 President determines and certifies to the appropriate 

8 congressional committees that Cambodia is making 

9 meaningful progress toward the following: 

10 (A) Ending government efforts to under11 mine democracy. 

12 (B) Ending human rights violations associ13 ated with undermining democracy. 

14 (C) Releasing all political prisoners. 

15 (D) Dropping all politically motivated 

16 charges and vacating convictions from any such 

17 charges against members of the Cambodia Na18 tional Rescue Party, journalists, and civil soci19 ety activists. 

20 (E) Conducting free and fair elections that 

21 allow for the active participation of credible op22 position candidates. 

23 (2) RENEWAL OF SUSPENSION.—The suspen24 sion of sanctions under paragraph (1) may be re25 newed for additional, consecutive one-year periods if 


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1 the President determines and certifies to the appro2 priate congressional committees that Cambodia con3 tinued to make meaningful progress toward satis4 fying the conditions described in that paragraph 

5 during the year preceding the certification. 

6 (f) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 

7 (1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may ex8 ercise all authorities provided under sections 203 

9 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic 

10 Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out 

11 this section. 

12 (2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at13 tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 

14 violation of subsection (b)(1) or any regulation, li15 cense, or order issued to carry out that subsection 

16 shall be subject to the penalties set forth in sub17 sections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter18 national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 

19 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that 

20 commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) 

21 of that section. 

22 (g) SUNSET.—This section shall terminate on the 

23 date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of 

24 this Act. 


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1 SEC. 5. REPORT ON ACTIVITY OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERA2 TION ARMY AND GOVERNMENT OF THE PEO3 PLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN CAMBODIA. 

4 Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact5 ment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appro6 priate congressional committees a report assessing— 

7 (1) the involvement of the Government of the 

8 People’s Republic of China or the People’s Libera9 tion Army in upgrading existing facilities or con10 structing new facilities at Ream Naval Base and 

11 Dara Sakor Airport in Cambodia; 

12 (2) any actual or projected benefits, including 

13 any enhancement of the power projection capabilities 

14 of the People’s Liberation Army, that the Govern15 ment of the People’s Republic of China or the Peo16 ple’s Liberation Army may accrue as a result of 

17 such upgrades or construction; 

18 (3) the impact that the presence of the People’s 

19 Liberation Army in Cambodia may have on the in20 terests, allies, and partners of the United States in 

21 the region; 

22 (4) any efforts undertaken by the United States 

23 Government to convey to the Government of Cam24 bodia the concerns relating to the presence of the 

25 People’s Liberation Army and the Government of 

26 the People’s Republic of China in Cambodia and the 


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1 impact that presence could have on adherence to the 

2 Constitution of Cambodia; and 

3 (5) the impact the presence of the People’s Lib4 eration Army in Cambodia, as well as closer govern5 ment-to-government ties between Cambodia and the 

6 Government of the People’s Republic of China, in7 cluding through investments under the Belt and 

8 Road Initiative, has had on the deterioration of de9 mocracy and human rights inside Cambodia. 

10 SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. 

11 In this Act: 

12 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT13 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com14 mittees’’ means— 

15 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 

16 and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 

17 Urban Affairs of the Senate; and 

18 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 

19 the Committee on Financial Services of the 

20 House of Representatives. 

21 (2) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per22 son’’ means a person that is not a United States 

23 person. 


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1 (3) PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY.—The term 

2 ‘‘People’s Liberation Army’’ means the armed forces 

3 of the People’s Republic of China. 

4 (4) PERSON.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘person’’ 

6 means— 

7 (i) a natural person; or 

8 (ii) a corporation, business associa9 tion, partnership, society, trust, financial 

10 institution, insurer, underwriter, guar11 antor, and any other business organization, 

12 any other nongovernmental entity, organi13 zation, or group, and any governmental en14 tity operating as a business enterprise or 

15 any successor to any entity described in 

16 this clause. 

17 (B) APPLICATION TO GOVERNMENTAL EN18 TITIES.—The term ‘‘person’’ does not include a 

19 government or governmental entity that is not 

20 operating as a business enterprise. 

21 (5) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term 

22 ‘‘United States person’’ means— 

23 (A) a United States citizen or an alien law24 fully admitted for permanent residence to the 

25 United States; or 


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1 (B) an entity organized under the laws of 

2 the United States or of any jurisdiction of the 

3 United States, including a foreign branch of 

4 such an entity. 

5 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

6 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cambodia Democracy 

7 and Human Rights Act of 2022’’. 

8 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

9 Congress finds the following: 

10 (1) On October 23, 1991, Cambodia and 18 other 

11 countries signed the Comprehensive Cambodian Peace 

12 Agreement (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Paris Peace 

13 Agreements’’), which committed Cambodia to a demo14 cratic system of governance protected by a constitu15 tion and free and fair elections and stated that the 

16 people of Cambodia ‘‘shall enjoy the rights and free17 doms embodied in the Universal Declaration of 

18 Human Rights and other relevant international 

19 human rights instruments’’. 

20 (2) Prime Minister Hun Sen has been in power 

21 in Cambodia since 1984 and is the longest-serving 

22 leader in Southeast Asia. Despite decades of inter23 national attention and assistance to promote a plu24 ralistic, multi-party democratic system in Cambodia, 

25 the Government of Cambodia continues to be 


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1 undemocratically dominated by the ruling Cam2 bodian People’s Party. 

3 (3) In 2015, the Cambodian People’s Party-con4 trolled National Assembly adopted the Law on Asso5 ciations and Non-Governmental Organizations, which 

6 gave the Government of Cambodia sweeping powers to 

7 revoke the registration of nongovernmental organiza8 tions in the name of ‘‘national unity’’, and which the 

9 government has used to restrict the legitimate work of 

10 civil society. 

11 (4) On August 23, 2017, Cambodia’s Ministry of 

12 Foreign Affairs ordered the closure of the National 

13 Democratic Institute office in Cambodia and the ex14 pulsion of its foreign staff. On September 15, 2017, 

15 Prime Minister Hun Sen called for the withdrawal of 

16 all volunteers from the United States Peace Corps, 

17 which has operated in Cambodia since 2006 with ap18 proximately 500 United States volunteers providing 

19 English language and healthcare training. 

20 (5) The Government of Cambodia has taken sev21 eral measures to restrict its media environment, espe22 cially through politicized tax investigations against 

23 independent media outlets that resulted in the closure 

24 of The Cambodia Daily and Radio Free Asia in early 

25 September 2017. Additionally, the Government of 


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1 Cambodia has ordered several radio stations to stop 

2 the broadcasting of Radio Free Asia and Voice of 

3 America programming. 

4 (6) Cambodia’s small number of independent 

5 trade unions and workers have the right to strike, but 

6 many face retribution for doing so, according to Free7 dom House. 

8 (7) Each of the 6 elections that have taken place 

9 in Cambodia since 1991 was conducted in cir10 cumstances that were not free and fair, and were 

11 marked, to varying degrees, by fraud, intimidation, 

12 violence, and the misuse by the Government of Cam13 bodia of legal mechanisms to weaken opposition can14 didates and parties. The 2017 local elections were 

15 marked by fewer reported irregularities, however, 

16 which helped the opposition Cambodia National Res17 cue Party (in this section referred to as the ‘‘CNRP’’). 

18 Hun Sen responded to those improvements in elec19 tions, resulting in part from international assistance 

20 and observers, by banning the CNRP, the primary 

21 opposition party, on November 16, 2017. 

22 (8) On September 3, 2017, Kem Sokha, the 

23 President of the CNRP, was arrested on politically 

24 motivated charges, including treason and conspiring 

25 to overthrow the Government of Cambodia. While he 


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1 was released on bail, he faces up to 30 years in pris2 on. 

3 (9) In the most recent general election in July 

4 2018, following the dissolution of the CNRP, the Cam5 bodian People’s Party secured every parliamentary 

6 seat, an electoral victory that the White House Press 

7 Secretary stated was ‘‘neither free nor fair and failed 

8 to represent the will of the Cambodian people’’. 

9 (10) The widespread crackdown by the Govern10 ment of Cambodia on the political opposition and 

11 other independent voices has caused many CNRP 

12 leaders to flee abroad. On March 12, 2019, a court 

13 criminally charged and issued arrest warrants for 8 

14 leading members of the CNRP, including former 

15 CNRP leader Sam Rainsy, who had left Cambodia 

16 ahead of the July 2018 election, as well as Mu 

17 Sochua, Ou Chanrith, Eng Chhai Eang, Men 

18 Sothavarin, Long Ry, Tob Van Chan, and Ho Vann. 

19 (11) The Government of Cambodia has arrested 

20 many opposition party members and democracy ac21 tivists who remained in Cambodia. More than 80 op22 position party supporters and activists were arrested 

23 in 2019 and were released on bail with charges still 

24 pending and could face re-arrest any time. 


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1 (12) In November 2019, Sam Rainsy made a 

2 failed attempt to return to Cambodia to partake in 

3 mass pro-democracy protests. Approximately 150 

4 CNRP activists were put on trial in 2020 and 2021 

5 for treason for calling for his return. 

6 (13) In March 2021, a Cambodian court con7 victed and sentenced Sam Rainsy in absentia to 25 

8 years in prison and 8 other opposition figures living 

9 in exile, including Rainsy’s wife Tioulong Saumura, 

10 as well as Mu Sochua, Eng Chhay Eang, Men 

11 Sothavarin, Ou Chanrith, Ho Vann, Long Ry, and 

12 Nuth Romduol, to between 20 and 22 years. 

13 (14) On June 14, 2022, the Government of Cam14 bodia convicted 51 opposition politicians and activ15 ists in a mass trial, many of whom were convicted in 

16 abstentia on charges of ‘‘incitement’’ and ‘‘con17 spiracy’’ for supporting the development of democracy 

18 in Cambodia. Sentences ranged from 5-year sus19 pended jail terms to 8 years in prison and serve to 

20 further intimidate potential political opponents of the 

21 regime of Prime Minister Hun Sen. 

22 (15) Prime Minister Hun Sen has used the 

23 coronavirus disease 2019 (commonly known as 

24 ‘‘COVID–19’’) pandemic as justification to further 

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1 controlled National Assembly passed new laws to fur2 ther curtail the rights to freedom of expression, peace3 ful assembly, and association. 

4 (16) According to Human Rights Watch, under 

5 the guise of the pandemic, authorities— 

6 (A) banned protests organized by youth and 

7 environmental activists; 

8 (B) detained and interrogated at least 30 

9 people for Facebook posts related to the pan10 demic; and 

11 (C) charged one journalist for pandemic-re12 lated reporting. 

13 (17) According to Freedom House, Hun Sen uses 

14 the police and armed forces as instruments of repres15 sion. The military has stood firmly behind Hun Sen 

16 and his crackdown on opposition groups and Hun 

17 Sen has built a personal bodyguard unit in the armed 

18 forces that he reportedly uses to harass and abuse 

19 Cambodian People’s Party opponents. 

20 (18) In August 2020, 14 youth and environ21 mental activists were detained by Cambodian au22 thorities. In May 2021, 3 environmental activists 

23 were convicted on charges of ‘‘incitement to commit a 

24 felony or disturb social order’’, related to peaceful 

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1 bodian court charged 3 environmental activists with 

2 ‘‘plotting against the government and insulting the 

3 king’’. The 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights 

4 Practices of the Department of State reported ‘‘at 

5 least 40 political prisoners or detainees’’ in Cam6 bodia. 

7 (19) Beginning in December 2021, the Govern8 ment of Cambodia has restricted the labor rights of 

9 workers protesting working conditions and illegal dis10 missals at the NagaWorld Casino, including using the 

11 COVID–19 pandemic as an excuse to limit the ability 

12 of workers to protest. In February 2022, officials of 

13 the Government of Cambodia arrested 6 workers of the 

14 casino after leaving a COVID–19 testing center, 

15 claiming that they had obstructed testing. 

16 (20) In 2019, the Wall Street Journal reported 

17 that Cambodia had signed a deal with the Govern18 ment of the People’s Republic of China to allow that 

19 Government access to and use of the Ream Naval 

20 Base on the Gulf of Thailand, even though the Con21 stitution of Cambodia prohibits the establishment of 

22 foreign military bases. 

23 (21) In 2019, the New York Times reported that 

24 a company described by the Department of the Treas25 ury as being a state-owned company of the People’s 


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1 Republic of China had secured a 99-year lease to 

2 build an airport capable of supporting military air3 craft at Dara Sakor, raising concerns that Beijing in4 tends to use this dual-use facility for its military, de5 spite the prohibition against the establishment of for6 eign military bases in the Constitution of Cambodia. 

7 (22) In section 401 of the Asia Reassurance Ini8 tiative Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–409; 132 Stat. 

9 5407), Congress expressed serious concerns with the 

10 rule of law and civil liberties in Cambodia and made 

11 the finding that the promotion of human rights and 

12 respect for democratic values in the Indo-Pacific re13 gion is in the United States national security inter14 est. 

15 (23) The 2020 Country Reports on Human 

16 Rights Practices of the Department of State stated, of 

17 Cambodia, ‘‘Corruption was endemic throughout soci18 ety and government. There were reports police, pros19 ecutors, investigating judges, and presiding judges 

20 took bribes from owners of both legal and illegal busi21 nesses. Citizens frequently and publicly complained 

22 about corruption. Meager salaries contributed to ‘sur23 vival corruption’ among low-level public servants, 

24 while a culture of impunity enabled corruption to 

25 flourish among senior officials.’’. 


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1 (24) Section 7043(b) of the Department of State, 

2 Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appro3 priations Act, 2022 (division K of Public Law 117– 

4 103; 136 Stat. 645) restricts assistance to the Govern5 ment of Cambodia until ‘‘the Secretary of State cer6 tifies and reports to the Committees on Appropria7 tions that such Government is taking effective steps 

8 to— 

9 ‘‘(i) strengthen regional security and sta10 bility, particularly regarding territorial disputes 

11 in the South China Sea and the enforcement of 

12 international sanctions with respect to North 

13 Korea; 

14 ‘‘(ii) assert its sovereignty against inter15 ference by the People’s Republic of China, in16 cluding by verifiably maintaining the neutrality 

17 of Ream Naval Base, other military installations 

18 in Cambodia, and dual use facilities such as the 

19 Dara Sakor development project; 

20 ‘‘(iii) cease violence, threats, and harass21 ment against civil society and the political oppo22 sition in Cambodia, and dismiss any politically 

23 motivated criminal charges against critics of the 

24 government; and 


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1 ‘‘(iv) respect the rights, freedoms, and re2 sponsibilities enshrined in the Constitution of the 

3 Kingdom of Cambodia as enacted in 1993.’’. 

4 (25) Section 201(f) of the Asia Reassurance Ini5 tiative Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–409; 132 Stat. 

6 5392) restricts assistance to Cambodia until the Gov7 ernment of Cambodia takes effective steps to— 

8 (A) strengthen regional security and sta9 bility, particularly regarding territorial disputes 

10 in the South China Sea and the enforcement of 

11 international sanctions with respect to North 

12 Korea; and 

13 (B) respect the rights and responsibilities 

14 enshrined in the Constitution of the Kingdom of 

15 Cambodia as enacted in 1993, including through 

16 the— 

17 (i) restoration of the civil and political 

18 rights of the opposition Cambodia National 

19 Rescue Party, media, and civil society orga20 nizations; 

21 (ii) restoration of all elected officials to 

22 their elected offices; and 

23 (iii) release of all political prisoners, 

24 including journalists, civil society activists, 


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1 and members of the opposition political 

2 party. 

3 (26) On December 9, 2019, the Department of 

4 the Treasury imposed sanctions under the Global 

5 Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (22 

6 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.) with respect to certain corrupt 

7 Cambodian actors and their networks. 

8 (27) In February 2019, the European Union 

9 began intense scrutiny of Cambodia’s eligibility to for 

10 preferential trade access in light of the deterioration 

11 of democracy, the rule of law, and the protection of 

12 human rights in Cambodia. In February 2020, the 

13 European Union, Cambodia’s largest export market, 

14 partially suspended trade preferences for Cambodia 

15 under its ‘‘Everything but Arms’’ trade program, in 

16 response to Cambodia’s violations of civil and polit17 ical rights. 

18 (28) In 2021, the Joint Vietnamese Friendship 

19 building, a facility built by the Government of Viet20 nam, was relocated off the Ream Naval Base, report21 edly to avert conflicts with military personnel of the 

22 People’s Republic of China. 

23 (29) In 2022, the governments of the People’s Re24 public of China and Cambodia held a groundbreaking 

25 ceremony for a new upgrade to the Ream Naval Base, 


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1 which, according to the Washington Post, would allow 

2 the People’s Liberation Army to have ‘‘exclusive use 

3 of the northern portion of the base, while their pres4 ence would remain concealed’’. 

5 (30) On June 8, 2022, in the groundbreaking 

6 ceremony for constructing new facilities of the Ream 

7 Naval Base, the Ambassador of the People’s Republic 

8 of China to Cambodia, Wang Wentian, declared that 

9 the base would be a monument to ‘‘the ironclad 

10 friendship and cooperation between the two mili11 taries’’ of the People’s Republic of China and Cam12 bodia. 

13 SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

14 It is the sense of Congress that— 

15 (1) the United States is committed to promoting 

16 democracy, human rights, and the rule of law in 

17 Cambodia, as laid out in the 1991 Paris Peace Agree18 ments; 

19 (2) the United States Government, through di20 plomacy and assistance, should urge the Government 

21 of Cambodia to— 

22 (A) release all political prisoners; 

23 (B) drop all politically motivated charges 

24 and vacate convictions against members of the 


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1 Cambodia National Rescue Party, journalists, 

2 and civil society activists; and 

3 (C) restore full political rights to the Cam4 bodia National Rescue Party and other political 

5 parties; 

6 (3) the United States Government should urge 

7 the Government of Cambodia— 

8 (A) to reverse the policies and actions that 

9 have resulted in the dismantling of democracy, 

10 the blatant disregard of fundamental human 

11 rights, and the breakdown of rule of law in Cam12 bodia; 

13 (B) to immediately discontinue the impris14 onment and judicial harassment of journalists, 

15 political dissidents, and activists, and drop po16 litically motivated charges; 

17 (C) to stop arrests and intimidation of civil 

18 society members, including human rights activ19 ists, environmental defenders, and labor leaders, 

20 and promote a flourishing civil society that sup21 ports the political and economic development of 

22 Cambodia; 

23 (D) to halt the threat of mass arrests and 

24 violence if and when Cambodia National Rescue 


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1 Party members currently overseas return to 

2 Cambodia; 

3 (E) to reinstate the political status of the 

4 Cambodia National Rescue Party and other op5 position parties, restore the Cambodia National 

6 Rescue Party’s elected seats in the National As7 sembly, and support electoral reform efforts in 

8 Cambodia with free and fair elections monitored 

9 by international observers; 

10 (F) to ensure that media outlets are able to 

11 operate freely and without interference, includ12 ing having the ability to apply for and receive 

13 licenses to operate within Cambodia; 

14 (G) to consider how allowing the People’s 

15 Liberation Army to conduct activities, gain ac16 cess, or establish a presence in Cambodia would 

17 harm Cambodia’s relationships with its neigh18 bors, partners, and allies, and could violate the 

19 Constitution of Cambodia; and 

20 (H) to cease providing support to authori21 tarian regimes and undermining democratic ac22 tivists in the region, especially through its ties to 

23 the Burmese military that seized power in a 

24 coup d’e ́tat on February 1, 2021, and instead 

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1 tions like the Association of Southeast Asian Na2 tions to promote peace and democracy in the re3 gion; 

4 (4) Prime Minister Hun Sen is directly respon5 sible, and should be held accountable, for the safety, 

6 health, and welfare of exiled Cambodia National Res7 cue Party leaders and their supporters upon their re8 turn to Cambodia; 

9 (5) other governments throughout the Indo-Pa10 cific region should— 

11 (A) urge the Government of Cambodia to 

12 allow the peaceful return of exiled Cambodia Na13 tional Rescue Party leaders and their supporters; 

14 (B) refrain from illegally restricting the 

15 rights of Cambodia National Rescue Party mem16 bers to travel to and through their countries as 

17 they return; and 

18 (C) press the Government of Cambodia not 

19 to allow the People’s Liberation Army to use 

20 Cambodia’s military facilities or establish a 

21 presence within Cambodia; 

22 (6) in the absence of systemic democratic reforms 

23 on the part of the Government of Cambodia, there is 

24 need for additional measures by the United States 


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1 Government, including through the enactment of legis2 lation and executive action; and 

3 (7) the presence of the People’s Liberation Army 

4 will further enable Prime Minister Hun Sen’s author5 itarian crackdown, including oppression of opposition 

6 parties, independent civil society, and free media in 

7 Cambodia. 

8 SEC. 4. SANCTIONS RELATING TO UNDERMINING DEMOC9 RACY IN CAMBODIA. 

10 (a) IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR

11 UNDERMINING DEMOCRACY IN CAMBODIA.— 

12 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 

13 the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 

14 shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit15 tees a list of— 

16 (A) any current or former official of the 

17 Government of Cambodia or the military or se18 curity forces of Cambodian, or any other foreign 

19 person, that the President determines know20 ingly— 

21 (i) directly and substantially under22 mines democracy in Cambodia; 

23 (ii) engages in or is responsible for se24 rious human rights abuses; 


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1 (iii) engages in or is responsible for 

2 significant corruption associated with un3 dermining democracy in Cambodia; or 

4 (iv) engages in or supports the estab5 lishment of installations or facilities that 

6 could be used by the People’s Liberation 

7 Army or entities tied to the People’s Libera8 tion Army in Cambodia, which could in9 clude persons identified under paragraph 

10 (1) of section 5 in the report required by 

11 that section; 

12 (B) any person that the President deter13 mines is acting for or on behalf of a person de14 scribed in subparagraph (A) related to conduct 

15 described in that subparagraph; and 

16 (C) any person that the President deter17 mines is owned or controlled by a person de18 scribed in subparagraph (A) and is involved in 

19 conduct described in that subparagraph. 

20 (2) UPDATES.—The President shall submit to the 

21 appropriate congressional committees updated lists 

22 under paragraph (1) as new information becomes 

23 available. 


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1 (b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—The President shall 

2 impose the following sanctions with respect to each foreign 

3 person on the list required by subsection (a): 

4 (1) ASSET BLOCKING.—The President shall exer5 cise all of the powers granted to the President under 

6 the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 

7 (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (except that the requirements 

8 of section 202 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not 

9 apply) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit 

10 all transactions in property and interests in property 

11 of the person if such property and interests in prop12 erty are in the United States, come within the United 

13 States, or are or come within the possession or control 

14 of a United States person. 

15 (2) ALIENS INADMISSIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMIS16 SION, OR PAROLE.— 

17 (A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—In the 

18 case of an individual, that individual is— 

19 (i) inadmissible to the United States; 

20 (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 

21 documentation to enter the United States; 

22 and 

23 (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 

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1 tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 

2 seq.). 

3 (B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 

4 (i) IN GENERAL.—The visa or other 

5 entry documentation of the individual shall 

6 be revoked in accordance with section 221(i) 

7 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 

8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), regardless of when such 

9 visa or other entry documentation is or was 

10 issued. 

11 (ii) IMMEDIATE EFFECT.—A revoca12 tion under clause (i) shall— 

13 (I) take effect immediately; and 

14 (II) automatically cancel any 

15 other valid visa or entry documenta16 tion that is in the individual’s posses17 sion. 

18 (c) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 

19 (1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exer20 cise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 

21 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers 

22 Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this sec23 tion. 

24 (2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at25 tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a vioVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:10 Jul 21, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S3052.RS S3052

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1 lation of subsection (b)(1) or any regulation, license, 

2 or order issued to carry out that subsection shall be 

3 subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and 

4 (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency 

5 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same 

6 extent as a person that commits an unlawful act de7 scribed in subsection (a) of that section. 

8 (d) EXCEPTIONS.— 

9 (1) EXCEPTION FOR INTELLIGENCE AND LAW EN10 FORCEMENT ACTIVITIES.—Sanctions under this sec11 tion shall not apply with respect to— 

12 (A) any activity subject to the reporting re13 quirements under title V of the National Secu14 rity Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.); or 

15 (B) any authorized intelligence or law en16 forcement activities of the United States. 

17 (2) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH INTER18 NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS.—Sanctions under subsection 

19 (b)(2) shall not apply with respect to the admission 

20 or parole of an individual if admitting or paroling 

21 the individual into the United States is necessary to 

22 permit the United States to comply with the Agree23 ment regarding the Headquarters of the United Na24 tions, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and en25 tered into force November 21,1947, between the United 


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1 Nations and the United States, or other applicable 

2 international obligations. 

3 (3) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF

4 GOODS.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—The authorities and re6 quirements to impose sanctions authorized under 

7 subsection (b)(1) shall not include the authority 

8 or requirement to impose sanctions on the im9 portation of goods. 

10 (B) GOOD DEFINED.—In this paragraph, 

11 the term ‘‘good’’ means any article, natural or 

12 manmade substance, material, supply or manu13 factured product, including inspection and test 

14 equipment, and excluding technical data. 

15 (e) WAIVER.—The President may waive the applica16 tion of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a for17 eign person on the list required by subsection (a) if the 

18 President determines and certifies to the appropriate con19 gressional committees that such a waiver is in the national 

20 interest of the United States. 

21 (f) SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS.— 

22 (1) SUSPENSION.—The requirement to impose 

23 sanctions under this section may be suspended for an 

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1 gressional committees that Cambodia is making 

2 meaningful progress toward the following: 

3 (A) Ending government efforts to under4 mine democracy. 

5 (B) Ending human rights violations associ6 ated with undermining democracy. 

7 (C) Releasing all political prisoners. 

8 (D) Dropping all politically motivated 

9 charges and vacating convictions from any such 

10 charges against members of the Cambodia Na11 tional Rescue Party, journalists, and civil soci12 ety activists. 

13 (E) Conducting free and fair elections that 

14 allow for the active participation of credible op15 position candidates. 

16 (2) RENEWAL OF SUSPENSION.—The suspension 

17 of sanctions under paragraph (1) may be renewed for 

18 additional, consecutive one-year periods if the Presi19 dent determines and certifies to the appropriate con20 gressional committees that Cambodia continued to 

21 make meaningful progress toward satisfying the con22 ditions described in that paragraph during the year 

23 preceding the certification. 

24 (g) SUNSET.—This section shall terminate on the date 

25 that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. 


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1 SEC. 5. REPORT ON ACTIVITY OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERA2 TION ARMY AND GOVERNMENT OF THE PEO3 PLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN CAMBODIA. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

5 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 

6 to the committees specified in subsection (c) a report assess7 ing— 

8 (1) the involvement of the Government of the 

9 People’s Republic of China or the People’s Liberation 

10 Army in upgrading existing facilities or constructing 

11 new facilities at Ream Naval Base and Dara Sakor 

12 Airport in Cambodia; 

13 (2) any actual or projected benefits, including 

14 any enhancement of the power projection capabilities 

15 of the People’s Liberation Army, that the Government 

16 of the People’s Republic of China or the People’s Lib17 eration Army may accrue as a result of such up18 grades or construction; 

19 (3) the impact that the presence of the People’s 

20 Liberation Army in Cambodia may have on the in21 terests, allies, and partners of the United States in 

22 the region; 

23 (4) any efforts undertaken by the United States 

24 Government to convey to the Government of Cam25 bodia the concerns relating to the presence of the Peo26 ple’s Liberation Army and the Government of the 


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1 People’s Republic of China in Cambodia and the im2 pact that presence could have on security in the South 

3 China Sea and the Indo-Pacific region more broadly 

4 and on adherence to the Constitution of Cambodia; 

5 (5) the impact the presence of the People’s Lib6 eration Army in Cambodia, as well as closer govern7 ment-to-government ties between Cambodia and the 

8 Government of the People’s Republic of China, includ9 ing through investments under the Belt and Road Ini10 tiative, has had on the deterioration of democracy 

11 and human rights inside Cambodia; and 

12 (6) any other ongoing activities by the People’s 

13 Liberation Army or any other security services of the 

14 Government of the People’s Republic of China in 

15 Cambodia. 

16 (b) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required by sub17 section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 

18 include a classified annex. 

19 (c) COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The committees speci20 fied in this subsection are— 

21 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

22 Committee on Armed Services, and the Select Com23 mittee on Intelligence of the Senate; and 

24 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com25 mittee on Armed Services, and the Permanent Select 


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1 Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representa2 tives. 

3 SEC. 6. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

4 Nothing in this Act may be construed to limit the au5 thority of the President to designate persons for the imposi6 tion of sanctions pursuant to an Executive order issued 

7 under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 

8 (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) or otherwise pursuant to that Act. 

9 SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. 

10 In this Act: 

11 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT12 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit13 tees’’ means— 

14 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 

15 and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 

16 Urban Affairs of the Senate; and 

17 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 

18 the Committee on Financial Services of the 

19 House of Representatives. 

20 (2) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per21 son’’ means a person that is not a United States per22 son. 

23 (3) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, with 

24 respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means 


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1 that a person has actual knowledge, or should have 

2 known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result. 

3 (4) PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY.—The term 

4 ‘‘People’s Liberation Army’’ means the armed forces 

5 of the People’s Republic of China. 

6 (5) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means an in7 dividual or entity. 

8 (6) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term ‘‘United 

9 States person’’ means— 

10 (A) a United States citizen or an alien law11 fully admitted for permanent residence to the 

12 United States; 

13 (B) an entity organized under the laws of 

14 the United States or of any jurisdiction of the 

15 United States, including a foreign branch of 

16 such an entity; or 

17 (C) any person in the United States. 


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Calendar No. 455 

117TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3052 

A BILL 

To promote free and fair elections, democracy, poand for other purposes. litical freedoms, and human rights in Cambodia, 

JULY 21, 2022 

Reported with an amendment 


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