{"id":349317,"date":"2023-06-13T12:21:53","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T16:21:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=349317"},"modified":"2023-09-29T19:23:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T23:23:08","slug":"core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions\/","title":{"rendered":"Core Area of Expertise: Cost-effective Space Missions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 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\"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/ames-research-center-history\/\">History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/ames-leadership-organizations\/\">Leadership and Organizations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/ames-media-resources\/\">Media Resources<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames-partnerships-landing-page\/\">Partner<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Capabilities<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-supercomputing\/\">Advanced Computing and IT Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience\/\">Aerosciences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-air-traffic-management\/\">Air Traffic Management<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-biology-and-astrobiology\/\">Biology and Astrobiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions\/\">Cost-Effective Space Missions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-entry-systems\/\">Entry Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-intelligent-and-adaptive-systems\/\">Intelligent\/Adaptive Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science\/\">Space and Earth Science<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Missions<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/viper\/\" rel=\"noopener\">VIPER<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/kepler-3\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kepler \/ K2<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button 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fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/gallery\/ames\/\">Featured Images<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/ails.arc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Image Library<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/nasaames\" rel=\"noopener\">Videos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/images.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Images and Video<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/visit-ames-research-center\/\">Visit Ames<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t<div class=\"padding-0 bg-spacesuit-white wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-page-intro hds-page-intro-banner width-full maxw-full padding-0 hds-cover-wrapper minh-tablet\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-top-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"page-heading-md line-height-sm color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCost-effective Space Missions\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA\u2019s Ames Research Center provides leadership in cost-effective spaceflight missions for NASA.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Illustration of the BioSentinel spacecraft, flying past the Moon with the CubeSat's solar arrays fully deployed, facing the Sun.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=900,507 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Cost-effective Space Missions at Ames<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Answers to NASA\u2019s science questions rely on new technologies engineered specifically for the extremes of spaceflight. Implementing new space systems in a cost-effective way helps deliver more science results. Ames provides leadership in cost-effective spaceflight missions for NASA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ames\u2019 engineers achieve mission success by being innovative and dedicated. They balance each project\u2019s technical risks, cost, and schedule. Through robust, cross-discipline relationships across the center \u2013 built upon decades of experience \u2013 they leverage the state-of-the-art capabilities of Ames\u2019 engineering organizations and complementary Ames\u2019 core competencies, bringing in experts in aeronautics, science, computing, entry systems, and intelligent systems when these capabilities best suit the mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They apply their expertise throughout the project lifecycle, starting from concept design through mission development, hardware design, development, test, execution, and operations. They support spaceflight projects ranging from miniaturized science instrument payloads to multi-spacecraft, small satellite systems, including the ones which will also precede and accompany explorers to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ames\u2019 Role and Areas of Excellence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ames\u2019 Spaceflight Division provides managerial and technical leadership to Ames\u2019 cost-effective space missions. Its engineers and managers lead multidisciplinary teams which leverage Ames\u2019s unique intersection of multiple core competencies, state-of-the-art capabilities, and experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Areas of excellence for cost-effective space missions at Ames are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SmallSat-focused discipline engineering, project management, mission operations, and Safety and Mission Assurance<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Systems Engineering team and the Spaceflight Project Office, both within Ames\u2019 Spaceflight Division, provide leadership, project management, and technical support to cost-effective spaceflight projects. The Ames\u2019 Engineering provides discipline subject matter experts with exhaustive SmallSat experience, and the center\u2019s Safety and Mission Assurance Directorate has a cadre of staff well versed in cost-effective space missions. In addition, the Ames Multi-Mission Operations Center, or MMOC, is the flight operation center supporting SmallSats during low-Earth orbit and lunar missions, such as NASA\u2019s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS, and NASA\u2019s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer, or LADEE. The MMOC also includes support for operations aboard the International Space Station, such as Astrobee,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Swarm technology, swarm autonomous collision avoidance<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ames has a keen interest in formation flying missions, including swarms, where a collection of spacecraft operate in close proximity as a single entity. Synergies are present between the Ames Spaceflight Flight Dynamics team and the Ames-based Distributed Spacecraft Autonomy project. Key aims for the project are to demonstrate approaches for adaptive reconfiguration of the swarm\u2019s plan and distributed decision-making across a swarm of spacecraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Experience in unique flight trajectory planning in multiple regimes such as low-Earth orbit, cis-lunar, and deep space<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Flight Dynamics team, within the Ames Spaceflight Division, provides full orbital mechanics support in all mission phases. The team collaborates with the mission design, systems engineering, and project management groups at Ames to provide orbital mechanics data to enable feasibility studies, proposals, and spaceflight missions. The team\u2019s main areas of expertise include trajectory design, mission operations, orbit analysis, and formation flying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The Mission Design Center<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ames\u2019 Mission Design Center, within the Ames Spaceflight Division, is a multi-disciplinary, concurrent engineering technical area that specializes in conceptual mission design and focuses on cost-effective, small spacecraft. Ames provides the support customers need to understand if their idea for a spaceflight mission is feasible and provides concurrent engineering services, infrastructure, training, and trained personnel, for spaceflight mission concept development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the areas of excellence described above, Ames cost-effective space missions core competencies benefit from the synergy with other center activities and organizations, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The Ames Science Directorate, which provides leading-edge instrument work on lunar payloads, such as the Neutron Spectrometer System, or NSS, and the Near Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System, or NIRVSS, and on microfluidics instrument for planetary life detection payloads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Entry Systems and Technology Division of Ames\u2019 Exploration Technology Directorate, which provides agency leadership for planetary entry and thermal protection systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Intelligent System Division of Ames\u2019 Exploration Technology Directorate, which provides leadership in information technology for the agency including work on intelligent systems for control, operations, and autonomy in support of NASA missions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ames Programs and Projects Directorate, which hosts the NASA Small Spacecraft Systems Virtual Institute, NASA\u2019s Small Spacecraft Technology program, and develops and executes major spaceflight projects at Ames. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ames\u2019 world-class technologists in space, earth, biology, and life sciences. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For researchers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>NASA technical page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/ames\/engineering\/divisions\/spaceflight\" rel=\"noopener\">Ames Engineering Spaceflight Division<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Featured Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>BioSentinel<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/biosentinel-fluidics-card\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"788\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"BioSentinel Fluidics Card\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg?resize=300,227 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg?resize=768,581 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg?resize=1024,775 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg?resize=400,303 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg?resize=600,454 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd15-0042-011.jpg?resize=900,681 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">BioSentinel\u2019s microfluidics card, designed at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California, will be used to study the impact of interplanetary space radiation on yeast.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eCredits: NASA\/Dominic Hartu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Astronauts live in a pretty extreme environment aboard the space station, orbiting about 250 miles above the Earth in the weightlessness of microgravity. And yet, this place is relatively protected in terms of space radiation. The Earth\u2019s magnetic field shields space station crew from much of the radiation that can damage our cells and lead to serious health problems. When future astronauts set off on long journeys deeper into space, they will be venturing into more perilous radiation environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA\u2019s BioSentinel mission will perform the first long-duration biology experiment in deep space and will measure the impact of deep space radiation on a living organism, yeast. The data BioSentinel will return will fill critical gaps in knowledge about the effects of deep space radiation on biology as NASA seeks to establish long-term human exploration of the Moon and prepare us for human exploration on Mars. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BioSentinel\u2019s mission builds on Ames\u2019 history, following 15 years of Ames\u2019 experience in developing and flying CubeSats that carried and studied living microbes in low-Earth orbit. BioSentinel will send the first CubeSat to run a biology experiment in deep space. The shoebox-sized CubeSat will launch aboard Artemis I \u2013 the first flight of the Artemis program\u2019s Space Launch System \u2013 and fly past the Moon in a direction to orbit the Sun. The spacecraft carries an onboard physical sensor and dosimeter and tests new technology with the Ames-developed BioSensor payload, a kind of \u201cliving radiation detector.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/biosentinel\" title=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/biosentinel\" rel=\"noopener\">What is BioSentinel?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For researchers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/ames\/engineering\/projects\/biosentinel.html\" title=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/ames\/engineering\/projects\/biosentinel.html\" rel=\"noopener\">BioSentinel<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Payload Accelerator for CubeSat Endeavors initiative<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1363\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Connor Nelson, PACE flight software lead, performs a visual inspection of the PACE-1 spacecraft.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg 4581w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=2048,1363 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=900,599 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=1200,799 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/acd21-0014-013.jpg?resize=2000,1331 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Connor Nelson, PACE flight software lead, performs a visual inspection of the PACE-1 spacecraft during testing at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eu003cemu003eCredits: NASA\/Dominic Hartu003c\/emu003eu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>New small spacecraft technologies could transform future deep space mission capabilities and bring down mission costs. NASA\u2019s Payload Accelerator for CubeSat Endeavors, or PACE, initiative is finding ways to speed up the process of getting small spacecraft technologies ready for prime time. NASA needs to ensure new technologies are sufficiently vetted to stand up to the extreme demands of the space environment before implementing them for an exploration mission. This vetting process, called technology maturation, is accomplished through repeated design, assembly, and testing cycles. Flight tests are key to this process, which culminates with a technology demonstration in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PACE\u2019s goal is to mature technology payloads, from early-stage proof-of-concept models to flight qualification for an operational space mission, all while shortening technology testing timelines. The initiative supports flight demonstrations, facilitating suborbital and orbital launches for technology payloads. The initiative reduces the cost, risk, complexity, and\/or time required to mature technology, lowering the barriers to development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Getting more technology payloads tested in flight more frequently helps researchers iterate their designs faster. PACE seeks to fly as many new technologies as possible, particularly early-stage, higher-risk innovations. NASA plans to launch a series of PACE orbital missions every six to nine months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/pace\" title=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/pace\" rel=\"noopener\">What is NASA\u2019s Payload Accelerator for CubeSat Endeavors Initiative?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Starling<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1430\" height=\"809\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?w=1430\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"4 cubesats in space above the Earth.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png 1430w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?resize=300,170 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?resize=768,434 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?resize=1024,579 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?resize=400,226 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?resize=600,339 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?resize=900,509 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/starling.png?resize=1200,679 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1430px) 100vw, 1430px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Illustration of NASA\u2019s Starling testing new technologies for autonomous swarm navigation on four CubeSats in low-Earth orbit.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eu003cemu003eCredits: Blue Canyon Technologies\/NASAu003c\/emu003eu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>NASA\u2019s Starling technology demonstration will test new technologies that will let four shoebox-sized CubeSats operate autonomously in a synchronized manner in low-Earth orbit. Cooperative groups of spacecraft \u2013 also known as distributed missions, clusters, or swarms \u2013 are advantageous because they can act in unison to achieve objectives. Autonomy ensures that a mission continues to perform through periods when communications between spacecraft and mission control centers on Earth don\u2019t work because of distance or location. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Starling will advance capabilities for swarm maneuver planning and execution, communications networking, relative navigation, and autonomous coordination between spacecraft. Starling\u2019s flight demonstration will determine if the technologies work as expected, what their limitations are, and what developments are still needed for CubeSat swarms to be successful. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although Starling\u2019s technologies are being tested in low-Earth orbit, the technologies apply equally as well to deep space applications. Swarms of autonomously operating CubeSats could provide future deep space missions with navigation services, collect multi-point science data, and prepare for exploration missions by positioning multiple small spacecraft to function as one very large observation instrument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/spacetech\/small_spacecraft\/starling\/\" title=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/spacetech\/small_spacecraft\/starling\/\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Starling?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/careers\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Careers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1229\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg 6607w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2048,1639 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2000,1600 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA Centers and Facilities<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg 5752w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=300,195 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=768,500 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1024,666 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1536,1000 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=2048,1333 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=400,260 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=600,390 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=900,586 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1200,781 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=2000,1301 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Artemis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/images\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA Images<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1236\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg 2961w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=300,241 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=768,618 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1024,824 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1536,1236 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=2048,1648 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=400,322 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=600,483 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=900,724 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1200,965 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=2000,1609 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About Cost-effective Space Missions at Ames Answers to NASA\u2019s science questions rely on new technologies engineered specifically for the extremes of spaceflight. Implementing new space systems in a cost-effective way helps deliver more science results. Ames provides leadership in cost-effective spaceflight missions for NASA. Ames\u2019 engineers achieve mission success by being innovative and dedicated. They [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":195,"featured_media":216369,"parent":122533,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[10441],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Core Area of Expertise: Cost-effective Space Missions","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png"},"articleSection":"General","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jerry Colen"}],"creator":["Jerry Colen"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2023-06-13T16:21:53Z","datePublished":"2023-06-13T16:21:53Z","dateModified":"2023-09-29T23:23:08Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Core Area of Expertise: Cost-effective Space Missions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-06-13T16:21:53Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"General\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Jerry Colen\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":7,"time_ago":"1 year","featured_image":{"id":216369,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/biosentinel_1920x1080.png","title":"BioSentinel Underway After Successful Lunar Flyby","alt":"Illustration of the BioSentinel spacecraft, flying past the Moon with the CubeSat's solar arrays fully deployed, facing the Sun.","caption":"NASA\u2019s BioSentinel \u2013 a shoebox-sized CubeSat \u2013 is travelling far from Earth. 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