# Patent

## Title
MRI safety device means and methods thereof

## Abstract

A magnetic shielding mechanism for preventing penetration of metallic objects through an aperture, towards the open bore of an magnetic resonance imaging device, where the magnetic field is maximized. The magnetic resonance imaging device produces a fringing magnetic field that decreases with increasing distance (L) from the aperture. The mechanism includes at least one magnet with a magnetic field. The mechanism is affixed at a distance from the aperture of magnetic resonance imaging device.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/939,599, filed Jul. 11, 2013, and U.S. provisional application No. 61/778,499, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to safety during imaging procedures related to magnetic fields and more particularly to protection of personnel and equipment involved in MRI diagnosis.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In general, the static magnetic fields in MRI systems may be more than about 0.5 T; some such systems have static magnetic fields greater than 3 T. These magnetic fields will attract metal objects in the vicinity of the static magnets. If the object is in the vicinity of the MRI's opening, such as an opening to allow entrance of a subject to be analyzed, the object can become very difficult to remove from the interior of the MRI. Worse, in an MRI located within the hospital, for imaging patients, such a magnetic fringing field can be physically dangerous to the patient, if not fatal.
Fringe fields from a high field strength can extend to a distance determines roughly by the equation X=αB0, where α is a constant dependent on the magnet bore size and magnet configuration. An unshielded 1.5 T magnet has a 1 mT fringe field at a distance of  ̃9.3 m, a 0.5 mT field at 11.5 m, and a 0.3 mT field at 14.1 m from the center of the magnet. To reduce the extent of the magnetic fringe field, passive (such as thick metal walls close to the magnet) and active (electromagnet systems placed in the magnet housing, superconductive magnets U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,883,558, 5,565,831 magnetic shielding are applied. The distance of a shielded fringe field surrounding the MRD opening can be reduced to about 2 meters or less.
Despite the achievable reduction of the magnetic fringe field boundaries, the existence of such field provides room for the above mentioned dangers in the MRD vicinity. Therefore, there is a long-felt need to provide an automatic and safe means of preventing loose metal objects from entering the fringe field and the MRD bore and protecting the patients from metallic instruments.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to disclose a system for magnetic shielding mechanism (MSM) for avoiding penetration of metallic objects throughout an aperture, towards the open bore of an MRI device (MRD), where the magnetic field (B) is maximized; the MRD produces fringing magnetic field (BF/L) which decreases with increasing distance (L) from the aperture; the MSM comprising at least one magnet with a magnetic field BMSM; the MSM is affixed at a distance LMSM from the MRD's aperture; wherein at any distance L, BMSM>>BF/L.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above is configured as a rim, at least partially encircling the open bore.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above comprises an array of a plurality of magnets disposed along at least a part of the circumference of the rim.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above is in connection with a horizontal patient bed or a gantry (together defined as ‘gantry’) configured to reversibly reciprocally maneuver into and out of the open bore, along the main longitudinal axis of the same, wherein the MSM is adapted to one of a group consisting of (i) encircle at least a portion of the gantry, (ii) located in connection to the gantry, (iii) be comprised within or on top at least a portion of the gantry and a combination thereof.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above comprises a plurality of magnets.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above comprises a plurality of magnets are provided in an array.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above comprises metallic objects selected from a group consisting of medical devices, needles and surgical instruments, laboratory items, dress-ware, garments, and foot-ware, ferrous-based materials, nickel alloys and stainless steel of ferritic and martensitic crystalline structure and any combination thereof.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above comprises communication means thereby providing a remote connection with an MRD.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above is in connection with an alarming mechanism in communication with at least one MSM, and further wherein at least one MSM is provided in connection to a gate alarming when metallic instrument penetrate via the gate.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above is in connection with an MRD-guard mechanism (GM), the GM is selected from a group consisting of (i) MRD's aperture-blocking mechanism, (ii) magnetic field shutter, (iii) one or more MSMs, and a combination thereof, wherein the alarming mechanism in communication with the GM when a metallic instrument penetrate via the gate.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above is in communication with a metal detector.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MSM as defined in any of the above MSM is portable.
It is another object of the present an MRD, comprising one or more magnetic MSMs for avoiding penetration of metallic objects throughout an aperture, towards the open bore of the MRD where the magnetic field (B) is maximized; the MRD produces fringing magnetic field (BF/L) which decreases with increasing distance (L) from the aperture; wherein the MSM comprising at least one magnet with a magnetic field BMSM; wherein the MSM is affixed at a distance LMSM from the MRD's aperture; and further wherein at any distance L, BMSM>>BF/L. 
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above comprises an MSM which is configured as a rim, at least partially encircling the open bore.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD comprises an array of a plurality of magnets disposed along at least a part of the circumference of the rim.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above, the MRD additionally comprises a horizontal patient bed or a gantry configured to reversibly reciprocally maneuver into and out of the open bore, along the main longitudinal axis of the same, wherein the MSM is adapted to: (i) encircle at least a portion of the gantry, (ii) be located in connection to the gantry, (iii) be comprised within or on top at least a portion of the gantry, or (iv) a combination thereof.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above comprises an MSM and the MSM comprises a plurality of magnets.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above comprises an MSM, wherein, in the aforesaid MSM, the plurality of magnets is provided in an array.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above wherein the metallic objects are selected from a group consisting of medical devices, needles and surgical instruments, laboratory items, dress-ware, garments, and foot-ware, ferrous-based materials, nickel alloys and stainless steel of ferritic and martensitic crystalline structure and any combination thereof.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above is in a remote connection with an MSM as defined above.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above which comprises an alarming mechanism in communication with at least one MSM, wherein at least one MSM is provided in connection to a gate alarming when metallic instrument penetrate via the gate.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above further comprises an MRD-guard mechanism (GM), the GM is selected from a group consisting of (i) MRD's aperture-blocking mechanism, (ii) magnetic field shutter, (iii) one or more MSMs, and a combination thereof, wherein the alarming mechanism is in communication with the GM when a metallic instrument penetrates via the gate.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above is in connection with an MSM which is in communication with a metal detector.
It is another object of the present invention wherein the MRD as defined in any of the above wherein the MSM is portable.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
In order to better understand the invention and its implementation in practice, a plurality of embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein
FIG. 1, illustrates (see upper figure) a schematic cross section (side view) of an MRI device (110) having an open bore with a volume of interest (103), where maximal magnetic field is applied and an MSM (200) adjacent to the aperture of the bore; lower curve shows the strength of the magnetic field as a function of the distance between the center of the VOI (103, where maximal magnetic field is applied, 104) and a theoretical line provided throughout bore's opening (102, where a much less infringing magnetic field, namely, the magnetic field outside the magnet itself, is applied, 105), and the outer environment (106, where zero magnetic field is applied, 107) surrounding the MRD (110);
FIG. 2A to 2F, illustrate schematic front views of a few MSMs according to several embodiments of the invention;
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate schematic perspective views of other embodiments of the invention; MRD (110) in connection with a gantry (300) where patients (1) are placed before their imaging within the MRD; an MSM (200) is in connection with the gantry;
FIG. 5 illustrates gate (400) to an MRD (110) and/or MRD's cabinet, the gate is in connection with an MSM (200); and
FIG. 6A illustrates MRD (110) which is in connection with a portable or otherwise moveable MSM that can be configured in more than one predefined location while FIG. 6B illustrates the strength of the magnetic field as a function of the distance between the center of the VOI (103).



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following description is provided, alongside all chapters of the present invention, so as to enable any person skilled in the art to make use of the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out this invention. Various modifications, however, will remain apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined specifically to provide a means and method for avoiding penetration of metallic objects throughout an aperture, towards the open bore of an MRI device.
The term “metallic objects” refers hereinafter to any metal that produces a magnetic field in response to an applied magnetic field such as ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic metals.
Reference is made now to FIG. 1, illustrating (see upper figure) a schematic cross section (side view) of an MRI device (110) having an open bore with a volume of interest (103) where maximal magnetic field is applied. The bore has an aperture (102), via which the patient is examined. FIG. 1, further illustrates (see lower curve) the strength of the magnetic field as a function of the distance between the center of the VOI (103, where maximal magnetic field is applied, 104) and a theoretical line provided throughout bore's opening (102, where a much less infringing magnetic field, namely, the magnetic field outside the magnet itself, is applied, 105), and the outer environment (106, where zero magnetic field is applied, 107) surrounding the MRD (110). FIG. 1 further illustrates, according to one embodiment of the invention, a ring-shaped magnetic shielding member (MSM, 200) located in at the outside portion of the MRD, adjacent to the rim of the bore's opening (102). The magnetic strength (101, see lower curve) of MSM (120) is effectively higher than the fringing magnetic fields (ibid., 105) of the MRD. Metallic instruments accidently provided adjacent the opening 102 will thus magnetically be pulled in a safe manner towards MSM 200 rather than magnetically attracted to penetrate aperture 102 towards the MRD's magnet located within the open bore.
Reference is still made to FIG. 1, showing an example of the invention: The magnetic shielding mechanism (MSM, 200) is especially adapted for avoiding dangerous penetration of metallic objects such a surgical tools, medical devices and sharp instruments throughout an aperture (102), towards the open bore of an MRI device (MRD, 110), where the magnetic field (B, 104) is maximized. The MRD comprises fringing magnetic field (BF/L, 105) which decreases with increasing distance (L, x-axis of the curve) from aperture (102). MSM (200) comprises at least one magnet with a magnetic field BMSM (101). The MSM is affixed at a distance LMSM from said MRD's VOI, outside the MED; here for example, the distance between the aperture and the MSM is approximately zero; wherein at any distance L, BMSM>>BF/L.
Reference is made now to FIG. 2A to 2F, illustrating schematic front views of some of the embodiments of the invention. FIG. 2A presents one configuration of MSM (200) comprising as an example an upper magnet 201 and/or a lower magnet 202. FIG. 2B presents another configuration of MSM (200) comprising a plurality of magnets (201, 202 etc). FIG. 2B presents another configuration of MSM (200), comprising one or more continuous shaped magnets (201, 202). FIG. 2B presents another configuration of MSM (200), namely a gate-like MSM comprising one or more magnets (201, 202) located outside the bore's aperture (102). FIG. 2E and FIG. 2F present, still in a non limiting manner, other configurations of MSM (200), here, a ring-like MSM is provided above or at least partially around an MRD's gantry, horizontal patient bed and the like (300).
Reference is made now to FIG. 3, illustrating a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the invention. MRD (110) in connection with a gantry (300) where patients (1) are placed before their imaging within the MRD (110). According to this embodiment of the invention, an MSM (200), is in connection with said gantry, e.g., positioned opposite to the MRD's aperture (102). The magnetic strength (101) of the MSM (200) is effectively stronger than the fringing magnetic field (107) at its location and significantly weaker than the magnetic field (104) applied in the VOI (103). Moreover, the magnetic field curve (101) of the MSM (200) is very sharp. Top view of the magnetic gantry (300) is given at view 300A.
Reference is made now to FIG. 4, illustrating a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the invention. An MRD (110) in connection with a gantry (300) of another type. According to this embodiment of the invention, as described above, MSM (200) is in connection with said gantry, e.g., positioned in opposite to the MRD's aperture (102). As shown separately in a top schematic view, gantry (300D) comprises a magnetic rim (300B) at the circumference of a non-magnetic portion of the gantry (300C). The magnetic strength (101) of the MSM (200) is effectively stronger than the fringing magnetic field at its location (105-107) and significantly weaker than the magnetic field (104) applied in the VOI (103). The magnetic field curve (101) of the MSM (200) has a broad shape.
Reference is made now to FIG. 5, illustrating a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the invention. A gate (400) to an MRD (110) and/or MRD's cabinet is in connection with an MSM (200). Patient to be imaged is guided to pass said MSM before approaching the MRD's adjacent environment. The magnetic field (101) within gate (400) is significantly greater than the magnetic fringing field (107) at that location.
Reference is made now to FIG. 6A, illustrating a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the invention. MRD (110) is in connection with a portable or otherwise moveable MSM, which can be configured in more than one predefined location. In one example of the invention, MSM is situated close to MED's bore opening (e.g., at the bore's aperture or in adjacent to the aperture) at location 200a, along the MRD's gantry (300) at location 200b or at respectively remote location 200c, near gantry's end. In one embodiment of the invention, MSM is reversibly reciprocated by means of telescopic mechanical mechanism, by one or more levers or transformation means or in any other useful mechanism. FIG. 6B illustrates the strength of the magnetic field as a function of the distance between the center of the VOI.

## Claims

1. A magnetic shielding mechanism (MSM) for avoiding penetration of metallic objects throughout an aperture, towards the open bore of an MRI device (MRD); said MRD produces fringing magnetic field (BF/L) which decreases with increasing distance (L) from said aperture; said MSM comprising at least one magnet with a magnetic field BMSM; said MSM is affixed at a distance LMSM from said MRD's aperture; wherein at any distance L, BMSM >> BF/L.

2. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said MSM is configured as a rim, at least partially encircling said open bore.

3. The MRD of claim 2, wherein said MSM comprises a plurality of magnets.

4. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said MSM comprises an array of a plurality of magnets disposed along at least a part of the circumference of said rim.

5. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said MSM is in connection with a gantry as configured to reversibly and reciprocally maneuver into and out of said open bore, along the main longitudinal axis of same, wherein said MSM is adapted to one of a group consisting of (i) encircle at least a portion of said gantry, (ii) located in connection to said gantry, (iii) be comprised within or on top at least a portion of said gantry and a combination thereof.

6. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said plurality of magnets are provided in an array.

7. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said metallic objects are selected from a group consisting of medical devices, needles and surgical instruments, laboratory items, dress-ware, garments, and foot-ware, ferrous-based materials, nickel alloys and stainless steel of ferritic and martensitic crystalline structure and any combination thereof.

8. The MSM of claim 1, comprising communication means thereby providing a remote connection with an MRD.

9. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said MSM is in connection with an alarming mechanism in communication with at least one MSM, and further wherein at least one MSM is provided in connection to a gate alarming when metallic instrument penetrate via said gate.

10. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said MSM is in connection with an MRD-guard mechanism (GM), said GM is selected from a group consisting of (i) MRD's aperture-blocking mechanism, (ii) magnetic field shutter, (iii) one or more MSMs, and a combination thereof, wherein said alarming mechanism in communication with said GM when a metallic instrument penetrate via said gate.

11. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said MSM is in communication with a metal detector.

12. The MSM of claim 1, wherein said MSM is portable.

13. An MRD system, wherein said MRD is in a remote connection with an MSM as defined in claim 1.

14. The MRD system of claim 13, comprising an alarming mechanism in communication with at least one MSM, wherein at least one MSM is provided in connection to a gate alarming when metallic instrument penetrate via said gate.

15. The MRD system of claim 14, further comprising an MRD-guard mechanism (GM), said GM is selected from a group consisting of (i) MRD's aperture-blocking mechanism, (ii) magnetic field shutter, (iii) one or more MSMs, and a combination thereof, wherein said alarming mechanism in communication with said GM when a metallic instrument penetrate via said gate.

16. A magnetic resonance device (MRD), comprising one or more magnetic shielding mechanisms (MSMs) for avoiding penetration of metallic objects throughout an aperture, towards the open bore of said MRD; said MRD produces fringing magnetic field (BF/L) which decreases with increasing distance (L) from said aperture; wherein said MSM comprising at least one magnet with a magnetic field BMSM wherein said MSM is affixed at a distance LMSM from said MRD's aperture; and further wherein at any distance L, BMSM>> BF/L.

17. The MRD of claim 16, wherein said MSM is configured as a rim, at least partially encircling said open bore.

18. The MRD of claim 16, wherein said MSM comprises an array of a plurality of magnets disposed along at least a part of the circumference of said rim.

19. The MRD of claim 16, additionally comprising a gantry configured to reversibly reciprocally maneuver into and out of said open bore, along the main longitudinal axis of the same, wherein said MSM is adapted to one of a group consisting of (i) encircle at least a portion of said gantry, (ii) located in connection to said gantry, (iii) be comprised within or on top at least a portion of said gantry and a combination thereof.

20. The MRD of claim 16, wherein said MSM comprises a plurality of magnets.

21. The MRD of claim 20, wherein said plurality of magnets are provided in an array.

22. The MRD of claim 16, wherein said metallic objects are selected from a group consisting of medical devices, needles and surgical instruments, laboratory items, dress-ware, garments, and foot-ware, ferrous-based materials, nickel alloys and stainless steel of ferritic and martensitic crystalline structure and any combination thereof.

23. The MRD of claim 16, wherein said MSM is in communication with a metal detector.

24. The MRD of claim 16, wherein said MSM is portable.