San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

# Chapter 7

Attainment	Strategy

2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard SJVUAPCDSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard This page intentionally blank.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-1 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

### Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy

COMPREHENSIVE REGULATO RY CONTROL STRATEGY 7.1

The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollu tion Control District (District ) has implemented a comprehensive regulatory control strategy for over twenty years . Since 1992, the District has adopted over 600 ru les and amendments to implement this aggressive control strategy. Many current rules are fourth or fifth gener ation, meaning that they have been revised and emission li mits have been lowered, as new emission control technology has become availa ble and cost-effective.

Air quality improvement s in the San Joaquin Valley (Valley) doc ument the success of the District’s innovative and effe ctive rules. The District’s regulatory author ity is limited to stationary sources and some ar ea-wide sources, and the Distr ict’s stringent and innovative rules on these sources, such as those for residentia l fireplaces, glass manufacturing, and agricultural burning, have set benchmarks fo r California and the nation. States and the federal government, unlike the District , have the authority to directly regulate tailpipe emissi ons from mobile sources. Cali fornia Air Resources Board (ARB) has adopted tough r egulations for heavy-duty trucks , off-road equipment, and other mobile sources. Howev er, the District has also adopt ed innovative regulations such as the Indirec t Source Review and Employer-bas ed Trip Reduction rules to reduce emissions from m obile sources within the Distri ct’s limited jurisdiction over these sources.

The District’s and ARB’s rules already guarantee that emissions will continue to be reduced over the coming years. New commitments identified in t his plan combined with other control strategies discu ssed in Appendices C through E wi ll provide necessary emissions reductions to complemen t those already being achieved and contribute to PM2.5 air quality improv ements in the Valley.

7.1.1 District Regulations Cont ributing to Continued PM2.5 Impr ovement

The District’s current rules and regulations reflect technologi es and methods that are far beyond minimum required control levels. In December 2010, ARB determined that, based on the District’s State Imp lementation Plans (SIP) and th e evaluation of control feasibility in all rulemaking ac tions, the District has underta ken all feasible measures to reduce nonattainment air pollutant s from sources within the Dis trict’s jurisdiction and regulatory control. 1 This determination considered al l air pollution controls and standards applicable to all sour ce categories under the Distric t’s authority based on maximum reductions achievable as well as technological, social, environmental, energy and economic factors, including cost-effectiveness. 2

The aggressive regulations alr eady adopted under previous attai nment plans also serve as control measures for this 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard ( 2015 PM2.5

1 ARB Executive Order G-10-126. (2010, December 10), required un der California Health and Safety Code §40612.
2 California Administrative Code , Title 17 §70600(a)(1). (2012)San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-2 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Plan )

. These adopted regulations will dram atically reduce directly emi tted PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursor (NOx and SOx) e missions as they are fully imple mented over the next few years, greatly contributing to the Valley’s progress toward attainment of the 1997 PM2.5 standard.

EPA prefers reliance on control measures that have already been adopted over ones that have yet to be approved. EPA has gone so far as to disapp rove attainment plans that demonstrated an over-relia nce on unapproved measures. As such, the recognition of recently adopted and implemen ted District and ARB control me asures is an important component of this plan.

Table 7-1 and the discussion t hat follows summarizes adopted Di strict rules achieving new emissions reductions after 2012, the base year for this pla n. However, even pre2012 emissions reductions, such as t hose achieved through the D istrict’s Conservation Management Practices (CMP) rule (Rule 4550) and Regulation VIII (Fugitive PM10 Prohibitions) will continue to c ontribute to the Valley’s progr ess toward attainment of the 1997 PM2.5 standard.

Table 7-1 District Regulations Contributing to Attainment of P M2.5 NAAQS

Rule

# Adopted District Rule Last Adoption/ Amendment Date 4307 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters—2.0 MMBtu/hr to 5.0 MMBtu/hr 5/19/11

4308 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters—0.075 MMBtu/hr to less than 2.0 MMBtu/hr 11/14/13

4311 Flares 6/18/09 4320 Advanced Emission Reduction Options for Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters Greater than 5.0 MMBtu/hr 10/16/08

4354 Glass Melting Furnaces 5/19/11 4702 Internal Combustion Engines 8/18/11 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines 9/20/07 4901 Wood Burning Fireplaces and Wood Burning Heaters 9/18/14 4902 Residential Water Heaters 3/19/09 4905 Natural Gas-Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces 1/22/15 9310 School Bus Fleets 9/21/06 9410 Employer-based Trip Reduction 12/17/09

Rule 4307 Boilers, Steam Genera tors, and Process Heaters 2 to 5 MMBtu/hr Rule 4307 is the most stringent r ule in the country for control ling emissions from fuel combustion-producing heat and ener gy for manufacturing and proc essing purposes. Emissions from these units are generally controlled through eit her combustion modification or exhaust gas tr eatment. Recent amendments stren gthened the rule by removing some exemptions, imposi ng NOx limits of 9 or 12 ppmv f or new and replacement units, and adding a menu approach for particulate m atter control that includes SOx controls. While o ffering affected businesses cost -effective complianceSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-3 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard options, this rule will generate 3. 36 tpd of NOx reductions by the final compliance deadline in 2015.

Rule 4308 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 0.075 to < 2 MMBtu/hr Adopted in 2005 and amended in 2009 and 2013 to include more st ringent NOx limits, Rule 4308 controls emissions from boilers, steam generators, an d process heaters in the size range of 0.075 to less than 2 MMBtu/hr. The District amended this rule through an extensive public process invo lving the public and other air districts to receive feedback on what emissions limits were feasible and would provi de for the greatest emissions reductions. As a point-o f-sale rule, emissions are r educed when consumers replace older units with new, low -NOx units as of the January 1 , 2015, compliance date.

Rule 4311 Flares Amended on June 18, 2009, Rule 4311 controls emissions from ind ustrial flares used at oil and gas production facilities, sewage treatment plants, was te incineration and petroleum refining operations . The 2009 amendments require fla re operators to submit flare minimization plans, perfo rm additional monitoring and rec ord keeping, submit reports of planned and unplanned flaring activities to the Dist rict, and meet petroleum refinery SO2 performance targets . When fully implemented in 20 17, this rule is expected to reduce SOx emissions by 0.06 tpd. The District com pleted a further study that analyzed data from FMPs, annual monitoring reports, report able flaring events reports, and made that study ava ilable on the District web page . The District continues to review research literature, federal regulati ons and guidance information, flare minimization plans, and emissi ons data to continue to search fo r potential opportunities to reduce emissions from these c ontrol and safety devices.

Rule 4320 Boilers, Steam Genera tors, and Process Heaters > 5 MM Btu/hr The District adopted Rule 4320 in 2008, with multiple generatio ns of Rules 4305 and 4306 preceding this rule to regulate this source category. Thi s rule is the most stringent rule in the nation for contro lling emissions from fuel combusti on-producing heat and energy for manufacturing and proc essing purposes, and it is equ ivalent to BACT standards for this source categor y. Facilities generally contr ol emissions from these sources through combustion modi fication or exhaust gas treatmen t. This rule and the 2005 amendment of Rule 4306 will r educe 3.5 tpd of NOx and 3.6 tpd of SOx as of the final implementation date in 2014. Rule 4306 generated 0.2 tpd of NOx reductions with the 2005 rule amendment, assuming 25% of the food industry took advantage of the enhanced NOx limits option put int o the rule. The remaining 3. 3 tpd of NOx reductions and 3.6 tpd of SOx reductions a re achieved from the 2008 adopti on of Rule 4320.

Rule 4354 Glass Melting Furnaces District Rule 4354, adopted in 1 994 and subsequently amended si x times, is one of the most stringent rules in the nati on for controlling NOx, SOx, an d PM emissions from industrial glass manufacturing pl ants that make flat glass (win dow and automotive windshields), container glass ( bottles and jars), and fiberglas s (insulation). Recent amendments include more stri ngent NOx emission limits based on BACT level controlsSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-4 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard for container glass, fiberglass , and flat glass. The rule give s special consideration to container glass and fiberglass m anufacturers who use 30% post-c onsumer materials under the state glass re cycling regulations. The rule also inc ludes a technology forcing limit for flat glass furnaces. As a result of this stri ngent prohibitory rule and continuing efforts on behalf of t his industry to reduc e emissions, the Val ley’s glass melting furnaces use low-NOx firing technology. With compliance deadlines throu gh January 1, 2014, this rule reduced an additional 3.28 t pd of NOx emissions, 1.12 tpd of SOx emissions, and 0.11 tpd of PM2.5 emissions.

Rule 4702 Internal Combustion Engines The District has amended Rule 4702 four times since 2005 to imp lement stringent NOx limits for agricultural operati ons engines, implement more stri ngent NOx limit for nonagricultural operations engines, and to extend rule applicabili ty to units with 25–50 brake horsepower (bhp). With m ultiple generations of rule amen dments, Rule 4702 is the most stringent rule in the nat ion for this source category. Facilities generally control NOx emissions that result from th e fuel combustion of internal combustion engines with advanced technologies, such as selective non-catalytic reductio n and selective catalytic reduction.

Rule 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines The District last amended Rule 4703 in September 2007 to reduce the NOx limits for existing stationary gas turbines th at are 10 megawatts (MW) or less. This amendment achieved additional N Ox emissions reductions from turbines used for cogeneration of electrical energy and steam for thermally enhanced oil recovery operations in the Valley. This rule equals or exce eds the most stringent source control of any air district in California by requiring BACT at these facilities. The Distr ict designed compliance schedules to allow reasonable time for completing modification and retrofit actions during scheduled overhauls of th e gas turbines. The latest rul e amendment achieves an additional 2.2 tpd of NOx r eductions as of January 2012, the full implementation and compliance deadline.

Rule 4901 Wood-Burning Firepl aces and Wood-Burning Heaters The District amended Rule 4901 in September 2014, two years ahe ad of the deadline in the 2012 PM2.5 Plan commitment to reduce the wood-bur ning curtailment threshold, and provide public health benefit s where they are needed most, in neighborhoods. Through this rule and the Distric t’s corresponding Check-Before -You-Burn program, the District prohibits use of wood-bur ning fireplaces and wood-burn ing heaters in areas with natural gas service when air qual ity is forecast to be above 20 μg/m3 of PM2.5. The District’s Burn Cleaner incentiv e program combined with the tie red compliance thresholds in Rule 4901 allowi ng additional burn days for homes with District registered EPA-certified devices encourage t he transition from high-pollut ing devices and open hearth fireplaces to cleaner alt ernatives. Rule amendments wil l reduce PM2.5 emissions beyond those commi tted to in the District’s 2012 PM2.5 Plan.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-5 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Rule 4902 Residential Water Heaters The District adopted Rule 4902 on July 17, 1993 to control NOx emissions from natural gas-fired residential water heat ers with heat input rates less than or equal to 75,000 Btu/hr by enforcing NOx emissi ons limit of 40 nanograms of NOx per Joule of heat output (ng/J). The District amend ed Rule 4902 in 2009 to stren gthen the rule by lowering the limit to 10 ng/J fo r new or replacement water heat ers and to a limit of 14 ng/J for instantaneous water heater s. Retailer compliance date s ranged from 2010 to 2012, depending on the unit type. On and after the applicable compliance date, retailers have been required to se ll only units complying with the new limits. As a pointof-sale rule, compliant units will be installed as the older un its are replaced through attrition. The rule has contro lled NOx emissions by approximat ely 88% for this source category. The 2009 amendments r educed an additional 0.5 tpd of NOx.

Rule 4905 Natural Gas-Fired, Fan -Type Residential Central Furna ces Rule 4905 was adopted in 2005 to e stablish NOx limits for resid ential central furnaces supplied, sold, or installed in the Valley with a rated heat in put capacity of less than 175,000 Btu/hour. The rule was mo st recently amended on Januar y 22, 2015 to lower the NOx emission limit for resi dential units from 40 ng/J to 14 ng/J and to expand the applicability to include NOx emi ssion limits of 14 ng/J for non -residential units and 40 ng/J for units installed in manuf actured homes. The NOx emissi on limit for units installed in manufactured homes will be lowered to 14 ng/J in 2 018. As a point-of-sale rule, emissions are reduced when c onsumers replace older units with newer, low-NOx units as of the compliance dates corresponding to each unit typ e: February 1, 2015 for units installed in manufactured homes; April 1, 2015 for all ot her condensing units; October 1, 2015 for non-condensi ng units; October 1, 2016 for w eatherized units; and October 1, 2018 for the 14 ng/J lim it for units installed in ma nufactured homes. Rule 4905 will achieve 1.87 tpd of N Ox reductions by 2020 and 3.65 t pd of NOx reductions by full implementation in 2036 , based on an average equipment l ife of 20 years.

Rule 9310 School Bus Fleets The District adopted Rule 9310 in September 2006 to limit NOx, PM, and diesel toxic air contaminants from school bus flee ts. Diesel-fueled school bus fleet operators must replace or retrofit all of thei r school buses to meet the appli cable ARB and EPA emission standards for engines by 2016. The rule also requires all existing gasoline or alternative-fueled school buses a nd any diesel school buses man ufactured after October 1, 2002 to be operated acco rding to manufacturer specif ications and, if replaced, shall meet all applic able ARB and EPA current-year em issions standards for the year of delivery of that school bus engine and fuel type.

Rule 9410 Employer-Based Tri p Reduction (eTRIP Rule) The goal of the eTRIP Rule is to reduce single-occupancy-vehicl e work commutes. The eTRIP Rule requires the Valley’s larger employers, representing a wide range of locales and sectors, to select and implem ent workplace measures that ma ke it easier for their employees to choose ridesharing and alternative transportation. Because of the diversity of employers covered by the eTRIP Rule, the rule was built with a flexible, menu-based approach. Using the Em ployer Trip Reduction Impleme ntation PlanSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-6 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard (eTRIP), employers choose from a list of measures, each contrib uting to a workplace that encourages employees to r educe their dependence on single- occupancy vehicles. Each eTRIP measure has a point v alue, and employer eTRIPs must reach specified point targets for each strategy over a phased-in compliance sch edule (2010 – 2015). The District has continually provided employer assistan ce through training, guidance materials, promotiona l information, and online reporti ng options. Upon full implementation, the eTRIP Rule will reduce NOx and VOC emission s from passenger vehicle commute trips by approx imately 1.2 ton per day.

7.1.2 Commercial Charbroiler Commitment in 2012 PM2.5 Plan

Through this 2015 PM2.5 Plan the District has evaluated and determined that the most stringent measures and best avail able control measures feasible to implement in the Valley are in place with one ex ception. The District identifie d an opportunity to reduce emissions from its Commercial C harbroiling rule (Rule 4692) dur ing the development of the 2012 PM2.5 Plan and as such, committed to amend Rule 4692 in 2016 in that plan.

Charbroiling Existing Rule 4692 (Commercial C harbroiling) achieves significa nt emissions reductions from chain-driven charbroilers ; however, the rule does not requ ire emissions controls for under-fired charbroilers. Analyses indicate that extending the applicability of the rule to include under-fired units could further reduce PM2.5 emissions by as much as 20% (0.4 tpd PM2.5) from the ba seline inventory fo r under-fired charbroi lers upon implementation in 2017 thus providing signific ant health benefits Valley-wide per the District’s Health Risk Reduction Strategy. Resear ch and demonstration projects a re underway to evaluate emission control tec hnologies for under-fired charbroi lers in support of this measure. As included in the 2012 PM2.5 Plan

, the District plans to amend Rule 4692 in 2016 to add requirements for unde r-fired charbroilers, with an anticipated compliance date of 2017. The District will al so consider development of a new incentive program to assist in the deployment of new technologies upon their develop ment and commercial availability.

7.1.3 ARB Regulations Contributing to Attainment

Since 1989, ARB has adopted an d amended a number of regulations aimed at reducing exposure to diesel PM and NOx from fuel sources, freight transp ort sources like heavyduty diesel trucks, transportati on sources like passenger cars and buses, and off-road sources like large constructi on equipment. These regulations h ave significantly reduced PM2.5 precursors and direct P M2.5 emissions throughout the Vall ey.

Table 7-2 below includes a lis t of all the regulations adopted or amended by ARB from 2000 to 2013. Phased implementati on of these regulations are p roducing increasing emission reduction be nefits until 2020 and be yond as the regula ted fleets are retrofitted, and as older and dirtier fleet units are replaced with newer an d cleaner models at an accelerated pace. Several rules in particular; including Clean er In-Use Heavy Duty Trucks, Cleaner In-Use Off-Road E quipment, Advanced Clean Car P rogram, Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program, and the Enhanced Smog Check Progra m, will beSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-7 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard achieving significant emissions reductions critically needed to attain the standard under this plan.

In addition, ARB and the Distric t are working closely to identi fy and distribute incentive funds to accelerate dirty engine r eplacements. Key programs in clude the Carl Moyer Program, the Goods Movement Pr ogram, the Lower-Emission School Bus Program, and the Air Quality Improvement P rogram (AQIP). These incentiv e-based programs work in tandem with regulations to accelerate deployment of cle aner technology.

Table 7-2 Adopted ARB Regulations

ARB Regulation Adoption Date Category
Advanced Clean Car Program 1/27/2012 On-road Expanded Off-Road Recreational Vehi cle Emission Standards 12/16 /2011 Off-road Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment 12/17/2010 Off-road Port Truck Modernization 12/17/2010 Off-road Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks 12/16/2010 On-road Accelerated Introduction of Clean er Line-Haul Locomotives 06/24 /2010 Other Enhanced Fleet Modernization Prog ram (formerly called the Expan ded Vehicle Retirement Program) 06/24/2010 On-road
Smog Check Improvemen ts 08/31/2009 On-road Portable Outboard Marine Tanks 09/25/2008 Off-road In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks Regulation 12/11/2008 On-road On-Road Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Drayage Trucks at Ports and Ra il Yard Facilities 12/6/2007 On-road
In-Use Off-Road diesel Equipmen t Regulation 07/26/2007 Off-roa d Clean Up Existing Harbor Craft 11/15/2007 Other Voluntary Accelerated Retireme nt Regulation 12/07/2006 On-road Emergency Regulation for Portabl e Equipment Registration Progra m, Airborne Toxic Control Measures and Portable and Stationary die sel-Fueled Engines 12/06/2006 Off-road

Airborne Toxic Control Measure fo r Stationary Compression Ignit ion Engines (Agricultural Eng. Exemption removal) 11/16/2006 Other

Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations 10/19/2006 Ot her Zero Emission Bus Regulation 10/19/2006 On-road Heavy-Duty In-Use Compliance Regulation 09/28/2006 On-road On-Board Diagnostic II 09/28/2006 On-road Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines 07/20/2006 Off-ro ad California Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 06/22/2006 On -road Portable Equipment Registration Program 06/22/2006 Off-road Fork Lifts and Other Industrial Equipment (Large Off-Road Spark Ignition Engines > 1 liter) 05/26/2006 Off-road

Technical Amendments to Evaporat ive Exhaust and Evaporative Emi ssions Test Procedures 05/25/2006 On-road

Diesel Verification Procedure, W arranty & In-Use 03/23/2006 On- road AB1009 Heavy-Duty Vehicle Smoke Inspection Program 01/26/2006 O n-road Diesel Particulate Matter Contro l Measure for On-Road Heavy-Dut y DieselFueled Vehicles Owned or Operat ed by Public Age ncies and Utilit ies 12/08/2005 On-road

Mobile Cargo Handling Equipmen t at Ports and Intermodal Rail Ya rds 12/08/2005 Off-road Marine Inboard Sterndrive E ngines 11/17/2005 Off-road Requirements to Reduce Idling Em issions from New and In-Use Tru cks, Beginning in 2008 10/20/2005 On-roadSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-8 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard ARB Regulation Adoption Date Category
2007-2009 Model-Year Heavy Duty U rban Bus Engines and the Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies 09/15/2005 On-road

Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 1 of 2] 09/15/2005 Off ro ad Portable Fuel Containers (PFC) [Part 2 of 2] 09/15/2005 Off roa d On-Board Diagnostic System Requi rements for 2010 and Subsequent Model-Year Heavy-Duty Engines (HD OBD) 07/21/2005 On-road

Airborne Toxic Control Measure fo r Stationary Compression Ignit ion Engines amendments 05/26/2005 Other

Transit Fleet Rule 02/24/2005 On-road Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines 12/09/2004 Off-road Emergency Regulation for Temporary Delay of Diesel Fuel Lubrici ty Standard 11/24/2004 Fuels

Diesel Fuel Standards for Harbor Craft & Locomotives 11/18/2004 Fuels Greenhouse Gas 09/23/2004 On-road Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate from Dies el Fueled Commercial Vehicle Idling 07/22/2004 On-road

Urban Bus Engines/Fleet Rule fo r Transit Agencies 06/24/2004 On -road Engine Manufacturer Diagnostic System Requirements for 2007 and Subsequent Model Heavy Duty Engines 05/20/2004 On-road

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine-Chi p Reflash 03/27/2004 On-road Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel-Fueled Portable Engin es 02/26/2004 Off-road Modifications to the Statewide Portable Equipment Registration Program (PERP) Regulations 02/26/2004 Off-road

CA Motor Vehicle Service Information Rule 01/22/2004 On-road Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate for Trans port Refrigeration Units 12/11/2003 On-road

Airborne Toxic Control Measure fo r Stationary Compression Ignit ion Engines 12/11/2003 Other Diesel Retrofit Verification Pr ocedure, Warranty and In-Use Com pliance Requirements Amendments 12/11/2003 On-road

Small Off-Road Engines (S ORE) 09/25/2003 Off-road Solid Waste Collection Vehicles 09/24/2003 On-road Off-Highway Recreation Vehicles 07/24/2003 Off-road Specifications for Motor Vehicl e Diesel Fuel 07/24/2003 Fuels Zero Emission Vehicle Amendments for 2003 03/25/2003 On-road Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Diesel Particulate from Scho ol Bus Idling 12/12/2002 On-road Low Emission Vehicles II. Align Hea vy Duty Gas Engine Standards with Federal Standards; minor administrative changes 12/12/2002 On-road

Revision to Transit Bus Regulations Amendments 10/24/2002 On-r oad Diesel Retrofit Verification Pr ocedure, Warranty and In-Use Com pliance Requirements 05/16/2002 On-road

On-Board Diagnostic II Review Am endments 04/25/ 2002 On-road Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Outdoor Residential Waste Bu rning 02/21/2002 Other Voluntary Accelerated Light Dut y Vehicle Retirement Regulations 02/21/2002 On-road California Motor Vehicle Servic e Information Rule 12/13/2001 O n-road Distributed Generation Guidelines and Regulations 11/15/2001 Ot her Low Emission Vehicle Regulations 11/15/2001 On-road Heavy Duty Diesel Engine St andards for 2007 and Later 10/25/20 01 On-road Marine Inboard Engines 07/26/2001 Off-road Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure and Standardization of Ele ctric Vehicle Charging Equipment 06/28/2001 On-road

Zero Emission Vehicle Regulati on Update 01/25/2001 On-road Heavy Duty Diesel Engines "Not-t o-Exceed (NTE)" Test Procedures 12/07/2000 On-roadSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-9 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard ARB Regulation Adoption Date Category
Light-and Medium Duty Low Emissi on Vehicle Alignment with Feder al Standards. Exhaust Emission Standard s for Heavy Duty Gas Engine s 12/07/2000 On-road

Air Toxic Control Measure for Ch lorinated Toxic Air Contaminant s from Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facilities 04/27/2000 Other

Transit Bus Standards 02/24/2000 On-road Off-Road Compression Ignition Engines 01/27/2000 Off-road

Some of the most significant regul ations adopted by ARB in rece nt years, such as the Truck and Bus Regulation and t he Off-Road Regulation, depend on truck and equipment owners playing a key ro le in implementation. Accordi ngly, ARB’s approach to ensuring compliance is bas ed on a comprehensive outreach and education effort. ARB staff develops regulatory assistance tools, conducts and co ordinates compliance assistance and outreach activiti es, administers incentive progr ams, and actively enforces the entire suite of die sel regulations. ARB’s goal is to provide readily accessible and clear information fo r all diesel rules and incen tive programs.

ARB compliance assistance and outr each activities also include the following:

 Training and implementation cl asses conducted by ARB staff in classroom settings throughout the State, incl uding at community colleges

 Participation at business event s throughout California, giving presentations, displaying materials, providi ng handouts, and responding to que stions

 Marketing efforts such as adver tisements, press releases, a te levision presence, and radio spots, including public service announcements statewi de

 Websites for ARB’s multiple programs

Complementing these efforts, A RB and District enforcement activ ely provide a level playing field for the regulated entities and ensure the emissio n reduction benefits are achieved.

The following summaries highli ght ARB’s most recent key regulat ions, the roll out of their phased implementation dead lines and corresponding emissio n reduction schedule, and supporting outreach and enforcement efforts.

7.1.3.1 Cleaner In-Use Heavy-Duty Trucks (Truck and Bus Regulation) One of the most significant rul es adopted by ARB within the pas t five years is the Truck and Bus Regulation, adopted in December 2008. In December 2010 , ARB revised specific provisions of the in-use heavy-duty truck rule, in rec ognition of the deep economic effects of the recession on these businesses and the c orresponding decline in their emissions. This rule repr esents a multi-year effort to t urn over the legacy fleet of engines and replace them with the cleanest technology available

. Starting in 2012, the Truck and Bus Regulat ion phases in requir ements applicable to an increasingly larger percentage of the truck and bus fleet over time, so that by 2023, nearly all older vehicles will ne ed to be upgraded to have exha ust emissions meetingSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-10 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 2010 model year engine emissions levels. Replacing older, high polluting trucks sooner than they otherwise would have been retired results in lower NO x and PM2.5 emissions.

The regulation applies to nearly a ll privately and federally ow ned diesel-fueled trucks and buses with a gross vehicle we ight rating (GVWR) greater tha n 14,000 pounds, including on-road and off-road ag ricultural yard goats, and pri vately and publicly owned school buses. Moreover, the regulat ion applies to any person, business, school district, or federal government agency tha t owns, operates, leases, or re nts affected vehicles. The regulation also establishes r equirements for any in-state o r out-of-state motor carrier, California-based broker , or any California resident wh o directs or dispatches vehicles subject to the regulati on. Finally, California seller s of a vehicle subject to the regulation would have to disclos e the regulation’s potential ap plicability to buyers of the vehicles. Approximately 170,00 0 businesses in nearly all indu stry sectors in California, and almost a million vehicles tha t operate on California roads each year, are affected. Some common industry sectors t hat operate vehicles subject to t he regulation include for-hire transportation, constr uction, manufacturing, retail an d wholesale trade, vehicle leasing and rental, bus lines, and agriculture.

In addition to the Truck and Bus Regulation, separate regulatio ns reduce emissions from other public fleets, solid w aste collection trucks, and tr ansit buses. Trucks that transport marine containers must comply with the drayage truck regulation.

ARB compliance assistance and out reach activities in support of the Truck and Bus Regulation include the following:

 The Truck Regulations Upload a nd Compliance Reporting System, an online reporting tool developed and maintained by ARB staff

 The Truck and Bus regulation’s fl eet calculator, a tool design ed to assist fleet owners in evaluating various compliance strategies

 Targeted training sessi ons all over the State

 Out-of-state training sessions conducted by a contractor

ARB and District enforcement pro vides a level playing field for the regulated entities and ensures the emission reduction b enefits are achieved. ARB staf f enforce diesel regulations addressing idling, tr ansport refrigeration units (T RU) and drayage trucks, and recently began enforcing the Truck and Bus regulation as it came up to its first compliance deadline in 2012.

In general, enforcement is conduc ted by doing un scheduled roads ide inspections. An inspection team may typically focus on truck stops, rest stops, industrial areas, ports, environmental justice areas, and cold storage facilities. Vehi cles are audited for all applicable requirements, includi ng smoke, emission control labe ls, and diesel particulate filters. To expand enforcement capabilities, ARB c ontracts with the District and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District to conduct ins pections in their respective jurisdictions.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-11 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 7.1.3.2 Cleaner In-Use Off-Road Equipment (Off-Road Regulation) Another significant rule adopted by ARB within the past five ye ars is the Off-Road Regulation, which was first approved in 2007 and amended in 201 0 in response to the economic recession. These off-r oad vehicles are used in constr uction, manufacturing, the rental industry, road main tenance, airport ground support, and landscaping. In December 2011, the Off-Road Regulat ion was modified to include on-road trucks with two diesel engines.

The Off-Road Regulation will sign ificantly reduce emissions of diesel PM and NOx from the over 150,000 in-use off-road di esel vehicles that operate i n California by requiring their owners to modernize their fleets and install exhaust retr ofits. The regulation affects dozens of vehicle types used in thousands of fleets by requiring owners to modernize their fleets by replacin g older engines or vehicles w ith newer, cleaner models; retiring older vehicles o r using them less often; or by applying retrofit exhaust controls.

The Off-Road Regulation imposes i dling limits on off-road diese l vehicles, requires a written idling policy, and requi res a disclosure when selling v ehicles. The regulation also requires that all vehicles be reported to ARB and labeled; restricts the addition of older vehicles into fleets; and requires fleets to reduce their emissions by retiring, replacing, or repowering older e ngines, or installing verified exhaust retrofits. The requirements and compliance dates of the Off-Road Regulation va ry by fleet size.

The regulation also sets performa nce requirement s. While the r egulation has many specific provisions, in general, by each compliance deadline, a fleet must demonstrate that it has either met the fleet a verage target for that year, or has completed BACT requirements. The performance r equirements of the Off-Road Reg ulation will be phased in from January 1, 2014, t hrough January 1, 2019. The c ombined impact of the performance requirements results in steady declines in NOx and PM2.5 emissions from 2014 to 2019 and beyond.

Compliance assistance and outreach activities in support of the Off-Road Regulation include the following:

 The Diesel Off-Road On-Line Repo rting System, an online report ing tool developed and maintained by ARB staff

 The Diesel Hotline (866-6DIESEL) , which provides regulated ope rators with answers (in English, Spanish, a nd Punjabi) about the regulation s and access to ARB staff

 The Off-road Listserv, provid ing equipment ow ners and dealersh ips with timely announcement of regulatory changes, r egulatory assistance docum ents, and reminders for deadlines

7.1.3.3 Advanced Clean Cars (ACC) Many gasoline engines now emit a t near-zero emission levels of smog-forming emissions. Conventional hybrid electric vehicles have been com mercialized, and the number of models offered for sa le is quickly expanding. Recent ly, battery-electricSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-12 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard vehicles and plug-in hybrid-el ectric vehicles have been introdu ced for sale, and fuel cell electric vehicles are expected to be sold beginning in 2015. T his movement towards commercialization of advanced cl ean cars has occurred because o f ARB’s Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) regulation, which affects passenger cars and light-duty trucks. Continuing its leadership role in developing innov ative and gro und-breaking emission control programs, ARB’s ACC P rogram, approved in January 2012, is a pioneering package of regulations, that although separ ate in construction, each re gulation is related in terms of the synergy developed to address both ambie nt air quality needs and climate change. The ACC program c ombines the control of smog, soot-causing pollutants, and greenhouse gas emi ssions into a single, coordin ated package of requirements for model year s 2015 through 2025. The program as sures the development of environmentally superior cars that will continue to deliver the performance
, utility, and safety vehicle owners have come to expect. The ACC program approved by ARB in January 2012 included amendm ents affecting the current ZEV regulation th rough the 2017 model year in order to enable manufacturers to successfully meet 2018 and subsequent model-ye ar requirements. The ZEV amendments for 2018 and s ubsequent model years in the A CC program approved by ARB in January 2012 ar e intended to achieve commerc ialization through simplifying the regulation and pus hing technology to higher vol ume production in order to achieve cost reductions.

The ACC Program will pr oduce increasing benefits over time as n ew cleaner cars enter the fleet, displacing older and dirtier vehicles. In this mann er, the benefits will be realized through the cumulative reduction in emissions achieved by new cars entering the fleet in 2017 through 2019. Thi s program will continue to provide benefits well after 2025 as vehicles meeting the new s tandards replace older, highe r-emitting vehicles.

7.1.3.4 Expanded Passenge r Vehicle Retirement Voluntary accelerated vehicle retirement or car scrap programs provide monetary incentives to vehicle owners to r etire older, more polluting ve hicles. The purpose of these programs is to reduce flee t emissions by accelerating the turnover of the existing fleet and subsequent replacemen t with newer, cleaner vehicles. Reducing emissions from the existing fleet is a co mponent of California’s SIP, whi ch outlines the State’s strategy for meeting health-bas ed ambient air quality standards . Both State and local vehicle retirement pr ograms are available.

California’s updated voluntary v ehicle retirement program is ad ministered by the Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR) and provides $1,000 per vehicle, and $1,500 for lowincome consumers, for unwanted v ehicles that have either failed or passed their last Smog Check Test and that meet c ertain eligibility guidelines. This program is referred to as the Consumer Assistance Program.

The Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program (EFMP) was approved by the AB 118 legislation to augment the State’ s existing vehicle retirement program. Approximately $30 million is available annual ly through 2015 to fund the EFMP via a $1 increase in vehicle registration fees. ARB developed the program in consul tation with BAR, and based on the District’s experienc e in running vehicle retiremen t programs. The programSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-13 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard is jointly administered by both BAR (for vehicle retirement) an d local air districts (for vehicle replacement).

Other programs, in addition to vehi cle retirement programs, hel p to clean up the light-duty fleet. The AQIP, est ablished by AB 118, is an ARB v oluntary incentive program to fund clean vehicle and equipment projects. The Clea n Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP) is one of the cu rrent projects under AQIP. CVRP , started in 2009, is designed to accelerate widespre ad commercialization of zero-emi ssion vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles b y providing consumer rebates up to $2,500 to partially offset the higher cost of these advanced technologies. These v ehicles are a key element of California’s strategy for meeting health based air q uality standards and climate change goals.

7.1.3.5 Improvements and Enhancements to California’s Smog Check Program The following requirements we re added to improve and enhance th e Smog Check Program, making it more inclusiv e of motor vehicles and effecti ve on smog reductions:

 Low pressure evaporative test;

 More stringent pass/fail cutpoints;

 Visible smoke test; and

 Inspection of light- and medi um-duty diesel vehicles.

AB 2289, adopted in October 2010, i s a new law restructuring Ca lifornia’s Smog Check Program, streamlining and strengt hening inspections, increasing penalties for misconduct, and reducing costs to motorists. This new law, spo nsored by ARB and BAR, promises faster and less expensive Smog Checks by taking a dvantage of diagnostic software installed on all vehicles since 2000. The new law also directs vehicles without this equipment to high-performing stations, he lping to ensure that these cars comply with current emission standards.

This program will reduce consum er costs by having stations take advantage of diagnostic software that monito rs pollution-reduction component s and tailpipe emissions. This technology, known as On-Board Diagnostics (OBD ), has been required on all new vehicles since 1996 . Under the new law, testing of passenger vehicles using OBD began in 2013 on all vehicl es model years 2000 or newer. T his technology results in reduced consumer costs by up to $180 million annually.

INCENTIVES 7.2

Incentive programs are an integr al part of the efforts to reduc e emissions; these programs provide an effective way to accelerate emissions reduc tions and encourage technology advancements, particula rly in the mobile source sect or, a sector not directly under the District’s regulatory ju risdiction. The District ope rates one of the largest and most well-respected voluntary in centive programs in the state. Since the District’s inception in 1992, considerable funding has been expended in su pport of clean-air projects in the Valley. These pr ojects have achieved significa nt emissions reductionsSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-14 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard with corresponding air quality and health benefits. The Distri ct typically requires match funding of 30% to 70% from grant recipients. To date, grant re cipients have provided $526,600,794 in matchi ng funds, with a comb ined District and gr ant recipient funding investment of $1.2 Billion.

7.2.1 Funding Sources

The District is engaged at every l evel of state and federal gov ernment to craft policy and funding targets that account for the Valley’s unique challenges and need to accelerate emissions reductions, particularl y from sources not under the D istrict’s regulatory authority. Toward that end, the District is working closely wi th the Valley’s legislative delegation to ensure that the Va lley’s needs are well represent ed in discussions of where to focus funding throughou t the state and the region as a whole. In addition, the District is focused on how to effe ctively allocate the limited funding received for its incentive programs.

The District continues to dedicate significant effort to ensure that the Valley receives its share of state and federal inc entive funds through a variety of sources. In addition to aggressively pursuing funding from state funding sources such a s the Carl Moyer Program and Lower-Emission School B us Program, the District has been very successful in securing grants fr om the highly-competitive feder al Diesel Emissions reductions Act (DERA) and the stat e Assembly Bill (AB) 118 Air Quality Improvement Program (AQIP). Currently, the District is actively engaged wi th ARB and the California Energy Commission (CEC) to ensur e that the Valley is well repre sented in projects selections from the Greenhouse Ga s Reduction Fund totaling over $1 billion per year.

The District derives its curren t incentive funding from a range of local, state and federal funding sources. These funding sour ces contain restrictions on the types of projects that may be funded, funding limitat ions, expenditure deadlines, and administrative approach for distribution. These requirem ents vary significantly from o ne funding source to another, resulting in a complex m atrix of funding categories an d program requirements. Some of the key funding sources currently available to the Dist rict include:

Carl Moyer Funding - The Carl Moyer program has b een an on-going and reliable source of funding since 1998. The Carl Moyer program was estab lished in 2004 with the adoption of AB 923 and Senate Bill (SB) 1107; the latter pr ovided increased and continued funding through 2014 and expanded the program to incl ude light-duty vehicle projects and agricultural sour ces of air pollution. In total, the District receives approximately $9 mil lion per year in Carl Moyer funding. Recen t legislation extended Carl Moyer funding until 2024.

State AB 118 Funding - In 2007, the California legi slature approved AB 118: the California Alternative and Renew able Fuel, Vehicle Technology, Clean Air, and Carbon Reduction Act of 2007. AB 118 prov ides approximately $200 mill ion annually through 2015 for three new programs to f und air quality improvement pro jects and develop and deploy technology and alternativ e and renewable fuels. The bil l creates a dedicated revenue stream for the programs through increases to the smog a batement, vehicleSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-15 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard registration, and vessel regist ration fees. AB 118 is designed to reduce emissions of criteria pollutant s and greenhouse gas emissions and to deploy advanced technology. Most AB 118 programs ar e administered on a statewide basis. Wh ile the District has administered some of the AB 118 pr ograms for the state, these p rograms have not been a significant portion of the Distr ict’s incentive program reven ue. However, in the future, these funds may be more import ant, particularly as the District becomes more involved in technology advancement project s. Recent legislation extende d AB 118 funding until 2024.

Proposition 1B Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program - The single largest source of funding for the Distric t’s incentive programs is the Proposition 1B program, which uses bond funds for a vari ety of state transportation pri orities. The District aggressively pursued its share of Proposition 1B funding, and t he Valley will receive approximately $250 milli on over the life of th e program. The D istrict will receive its last allocation of Proposition 1B f unding in fiscal year 2015-2016.

Local Motor Vehicle Surcharge Fees – Through the passage of Assembly Bill 2522 in 2008 and in recognition of the n eed for additional funding to a ssist the Valley attain federal ambient air quality st andards, the District was provide d with the authority to generate grant revenues through the adoption of mot or vehicle s urcharges for the purpose of funding emission reduct ion projects. In October 201 0, the District acted on this authority and adopt ed a $12 per motor vehicle surcharge. This revenue source was then targeted to address the Vall ey’s unmatched challenges in m eeting ever-tightening federal standards as well as prov iding a more equi table manner to satisfy the federal mandates for ozone nonattainmen t penalties under section 185. These revenues have been reinvested in the Valley to reduce emissions through a var iety of incentive grant programs that have replaced or r etrofitted trucks, passenger ve hicles, school buses, transit buses, and other mobile sources of emissions.

The District has now had two cons ecutive years of no violations of the 1-hour ozone standard, and has requested that EPA find the Valley in attainm ent and lift the section 185 penalties. If successful, this would return local control over the decision relating to the need and quantity of m otor vehicle surchar ges under AB 2522 . Given the identified need for continued incentive f unding as a means for expediting attainment of the 1997 federal PM2.5 standard and garner ing the needed attainment exte nsion, the District is proposing to use a portion of thes e motor vehicle surcharge rev enues to fund an emission reduction commitment in the plan. Therefore, it is re commended that the AB 2522 motor vehicle surcharge be di scontinued if and when the Go verning Board makes a decision that such revenues a re no longer necessary to meet t he federal mandates for attaining the national amb ient air quality standards.

7.2.2 Incentive Strategy

Each of the funding sources admin istered by the District includ es different guidelines and statutory requirements for using the funds. Beyond the spe cific guidelines of each funding source, the District consi ders the following common fac tors when deciding howSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-16 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard and where to spend incentive funds (see Appendix E for the full description of the following):

 Cost-effectiveness

 Inventory of available projects

 Required expenditure timeframes

 Upcoming regulatory deadlines

 Health benefits

 Promoting technology advancement

 Environmental Justice

 Community involvement/benefits

7.2.3 SIP Creditability of In centive Programs (Rule 9610)

Historically, states and local air agencies have not been able to obtain SIP credit for incentive-based emissions r eductions. When given SIP credit, i ncentive-based emissions reductions can be used a longside regulatory-based emi ssions reductions to meet federal Clean Air Act (CAA) requirements, such as demonstr ating attainment with federal air quality standards at a future date or demonstrating that emissions reductions meet federal SIP reasonable further progress requirements. Giv en the heavy investment from the public and pr ivate sectors in replacing equ ipment under these voluntary incentives, establis hing a general framework to recei ve SIP credit for these emissions reductions was critica l for ensuring the continued su ccess of these programs. Working together with EPA, ARB, and the USDA-NRCS, the District adopted Rule 9610 (State Implementation Credit fo r Emission Reductions Generated Through Incentive Programs) on June 20, 2013. Dis trict Rule 9610 establishes the administrative mechanism through which the Dist rict and ARB take SIP credit fo r emissions reduced through incentives.

TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT 7.3

The District Governing Board approved creation of the Technolog y Advancement Program in March 2010 to accelera te development of technologies that can help reduce emissions in the Valley. Meet ing EPA’s increasingly stringent ozone and PM2.5 air quality standards will require sig nificant advancements in low- emissions technologies from mobile and stationary sour ces. The Technology Advancement Program provides a strategic and comprehensive means to identify, solicit, and sup port technology advancement opportunities. Ongoing refinement of the program’s technology focus areas targets efforts to achieve the greatest impact on the Val ley’s attainment and other health-based goals under the Distri ct’s ozone and PM2.5 attainm ent plans.

Technology development can benefi t regional and state air quali ty. Strategies for reducing emissions in the Valle y can be enhanced through partne rships and collaborations with other air d istricts and state agencies. Th e market penetration of transformative technologies wi ll be a critical component of rea lizing a common vision,San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-17 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard and the Technology Advancement P rogram will help to identify an d support upcoming technology opportunities.

7.3.1 Technology Focus Areas

The District has structured the Technology Advancement Program to encourage participation within three focus areas:

I. Renewable Energy . Renewable energy projects will focus on overcoming the barriers that prevent the use or adoption of zero-emission rene wable energy sources or reduce emissions from renewable energy systems to ma ke them cleaner than comparable non-renewable alternatives.

II. Waste Solutions . Waste solutions will focus on waste systems or technologies that minimize or elim inate emissions from e xisting waste manage ment systems and processes, including waste-to -fuel systems such as dairy di gesters and other bio-fuel applications.

III. Mobile Sources

. Mobile source projects will dem onstrate zero- or near-zeroemissions solutions to mobile s ource categories with emphasis o n goods and people movement, off-road equipmen t, or agricultural equipment.

These focus areas represent the current needs of the Valley; th ey also reflect the types of proposals previously receiv ed by the District within this an d other programs. Throughout implementation of this PM2.5 plan and future air qua lity plans, the District will continue to evaluate and, i f necessary, update these techn ology focus areas to address to the Valley’s ai r quality challenges.

7.3.2 Demonstration Projects

The District’s Technology Advanc ement Program has had four roun ds of funding and received over 130 proposals for clean technology projects. As of 2013, the District selected 27 of the pr oposed projects for funding, for over $7 m illion in support of clean technology demonstrations.

During the latest round of solic itations, in 2014, the District received 35 proposals and expects the total funding for se lected projects to be approxima tely $4 million. In addition to directly funding demon stration projects, the Distri ct actively seeks opportunities to collaborate wit h technology innovators in seek ing additional funding. An example of this type of fundi ng is the District’s administra tion of the Zero-Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden Tec hnology Demonstration, funded wit h State Air Quality Improvement Program funds.

Moving forward, District staff will continue to search for oppo rtunities to support projects that build the air quality tec hnology research and demonstratio n capacity of colleges and universities in the Valley. T his emphasis will improve the ability of local institutions to engage in future clean-technology projects that are specific ally suited to the Valley’sSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-18 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard needs. To accomplish this, staff has adapted the Technology Ad vancement Program scoring criteria so that project s that incorporate local colleg es and universities will score higher than those that do not.

7.3.3 Interagency Collaborat ive Demonstration Projects

In addition to projects select ed through the request-for-propos als process, the District has partnered with ot her air quality agencie s in the state to d emonstrate new and emerging technologies. Example s include the following:

 Under-fired Charbroiler Emission Control Demonstration South Coast Air Quality managemen t District (SCAQMD) is current ly conducting a demonstration project focus ed on control technology for under -fired charbroilers. South Coast releas ed a program oppor tunity notic e for this demonstration project in October 2011 to solicit proposals from control device manufacturers. District staff assi sted in reviewing the submit ted proposals and provided recommendations. This technology demonstration effort is testing promising prototype emission co ntrol devices, which will suppor t future regulatory efforts at both South Coast and the District.

 Zero-Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration The Cordless Zero-Emission Comme rcial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration Program will provide eligible cordless zero-emiss ion commercial lawn and garden equipment to comme rcial landscape professionals (participants) who conduct business within the Valley. The cordless zero-emis sion lawn and garden equipment must be designat ed commercial-grade and used b y commercial landscape professional s to complete multiple small t o large gardening tasks over an eight-hour workday period. Eligible eq uipment may include, but is not limited to , lawn mowers, edgers, trimmers/b rush cutters, hedge clippers, blowers/vacuums, sweepers, and chainsaws.

The District, working with the Calif ornia Air Resources Board o n this demonstration projec t, opened a Request for A pplications on Aug ust 20, 2012. The Cordless Zero-Emission Comme rcial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration Program successf ully ended in June 2013 with a to tal of 4 technology demonstrators, 60 par ticipants and 445 pieces of equ ipment for inuse testing. The program demons trated the performance and dura bility of electric equipment in non-resi dential applications to accelerat e marked acceptance and build upon the pr ogress already made in the resi dential sector.

 Natural Gas-Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces with Reduced NO X Emissions South Coast conducted a demonstrat ion project focused on protot ype natural gas-fired fan-type central furnaces with reduced NO X emissions. South Coast released a program opportunity not ice for this demonstration pr oject in February 2010, which solicited a number of proposals from furnace manufa cturers and gas industry technology developers in partnership with furnace manu facturers. TheSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-19 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard District co-funded this technology assessment with the SCAQMD a nd Southern California Gas Company (SoCal Gas). The technology assessment project was completed in the first quarter of 2014. Results of the furnace demonstration project show that the technology required to meet new NOx stand ards will be available by 2015. As a result of the study findings, the Dist rict amended Rule 4905 in January 2015 and incorporated more stringent NOx emissi ons limits for units subject to the rule and ex panded applicability to include units installed in commercial buildings and in manufactured homes.

 Vision for Clean Air: A Framework for Air Qualit y and Climate Planning In 2011, ARB, with the assistance of the District and South Coa st AQMD, developed the Vision for Clean Air: A Framework for Air Quality and Climate Planning . The goal of this collaboration is to draft a common vision f or mobile and stationary source strategies that integrate the need to mee t federal air quality standards for PM2.5 and ozone, t he need to reach California’s G HG goals, and the need to reduce public exposure to toxics (e.g. diesel parti culates). Through the Vision for Clean Air effort, the ARB, the SCAQMD , and the District have been evaluating pollutant reductions n eeded to meet overlapping air quality requirements for 2019, 2023, 2035, and 2050. These reductions will depend on the integration of transformativ e measures and emerging technol ogies (including zero- and near-zero emission go ods movement) with long-range pl anning and control strategies.

LEGISLATIVE STRATEGY 7.4

Each year the District Governing Board adopts a l egislative pla tform to guide District advocacy and policy efforts. T hrough state and federal lobbying efforts and delegation visits to Washington D.C., the Dist rict informs elected officia ls about Valley needs and concerns based on the priorities established in the legislative platform. With persistence, the District has s ecured support and additional in centive funding for programs critical to emissions r eductions in the Valley. The legislative platform includes both legislative prio rities and positions on anticipat ed federal legislation. The following is a summary of the l egislative priorities and Distri ct positions on anticipated federal legislation. For compl ete details, refer to the Distri ct’s legislative strategy, adopted in January 2015. 3

Streamline Implementation of the Clean Air Act Since its adoption, the Clean Air Act has led to significant im provements in air quality and public health benefits thr oughout the nation. However, as an area in the nation with mature local air quality managemen t programs, the Valley has re ached the point of diminishing returns. After more than 20 years since the last a mendments to the CAA, many well-intentioned provisi ons are leading to unintended adve rse consequences.

3 SJVAPCD. Item Number 10: Approve the District’s 2015 Legislat ive Platform and take positions on anticipated federal air quality legislative proposals. (22, January 2015) . Available at: http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agend a/2015/January/final/10.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-20 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard The antiquated provisions of the Clean Air Act are now leading to confusion, and lack of updated congressional directive has rendered courts as policy m akers.

The District recommends the CA A be amended to allow for conside ration of the following critical factors:

 Upcoming health standards and a ssociated deadlines are impossi ble to meet.

 The current five year review o f standards is too short and has led to overlapping requirements and chaotic transit ions between standards.

 Requiring contingency measures i n extreme nonattainment areas is irrational and
unnecessary.

 CAA Section 185 requirements fo r businesses in “Severe” and “E xtreme” nonattainment areas to pay non-a ttainment penalty fees, is unfair and ineffective.

 The CAA requirements for Severe and Extreme ozone nonattainmen t areas to address vehicle-related emission s growth must be clarified.

 Transition to health risk-based approach in lieu of the curren t mass based approach.

Increase State Subvention Funding to Provide More Support for U nfunded Mandates Local air pollution control and air quality management district s receive funds to support important local air program activities. These funds are alloca ted from the Motor Vehicle Account through the budget of the Ca lifornia Environmental Prot ection Agency, under the Air Resources Board secti on have not been adjusted for infl ation or added responsibilities for over twenty years. The District supports an increase in subvention funds to help offset increases i n costs and responsibility. Th e District currently receives $900,000 per year which is less than 2% of the District’s annua l operating budget.

Policies/Guidelines for the Carl Moyer Program The Carl Moyer Program has been a valuable source of incentive funds to obtain voluntary emissions reductions fr om mobile sources of emissions ; funding has recently been extended through 2023. The fo llowing policies should guid e the state as new guidelines/requirements are devel oped for the program through t he new sunset date:

 The focus of the Carl Moyer Pro gram should continue to be the reduction of criteria pollutants. Efforts to include GHG emissions projects should only be considered as co-benefits to proje cts that are principally desi gned for the reduction of criteria pollutant emissions.

 Regional funding formulas should continue to utilize a region’ s non-attainment status, and the severity of the air quality problem, as the pri mary factor in determining the regional breakdo wn of statewide Carl Moyer fund ing.

 With respect to regulatory deadl ines, incentive funding should be decoupled from regulatory enforcement. Project s that provide cost-effective a nd surplus emission reductions should be el igible for funding regardless o f compliance status with respect to regulatory deadlines.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-21 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Cap and Trade Revenues The cap and trade program implem ented by ARB sets up a mechanis m by which affected sources can procure allo wances or offsets to meet spec ified and declining caps on their GHG emissions. This scenar io can potentially lead to adverse impacts in areas that are already disproportionatel y impacted by criteria pollut ant emissions. The Cap and Trade Program generat es in excess of $1 billion annually. The state allocates these funds to programs across a number of state agencies. The following overarching policies should be app lied as the state considers funding proje cts and programs from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund:

 Projects funded with Cap and Trade revenues should achieve GHG reductions, with priority given to projects that achieve reductions in crit eria pollutants as well.

 A portion of Cap and Trade rev enues should be directed to proj ects in areas that are already disproportionately impacted by air pollution.

 Policies should be put in place to ensure that programs funded with Cap and Trade revenues meet or exceed the provisions of Senate Bill 535 that require a minimum of 25% of the Cap and Trade revenue be spent to benefit disadvantaged communities and t hat 10% of the revenue be spent in those communities.

Oppose Climate Change Measures th at Result in Public Health Det riment Due to Increases in Criteria or Toxic Air Emissions Although climate change measures provide for many co-benefits i n reducing both GHGs and criteria pollutant emissions , there are some measures that may lead to increases in criteria pollutant or toxic em issions. Therefore the District will support reasonable climate protection measures t hat reduce GHG emissions as well a s toxic and criteria pollutants. The District will op pose climate change measures t hat are detrimental to public health by leading to increas es in toxic or criteria poll utant emissions in already impacted areas.

Disadvantaged Community Policies The Valley is home to a number of disadvantaged communities tha t deserve care and attention. The District will ad here to the following principle s in pursuing efforts to identify and address the needs of these communities:

 Support measures that improve qual ity of life and economic wel fare. In identifying communities of need, both socioeconomic and environ mental impacts should be considered. The Distr ict supports CalEPA’s Californi a Communities Environmental Health Screening t ool (CalEnviroScreen) as the ap propriate tool for identifying disadvantaged communities.

 The District considers poverty a s a key factor contributing to diminished public health and will oppose efforts that lead to “redlining” these c ommunities and inhibit economic growth.

 The District will support effor ts to target additional state a nd federal resources to mitigate issues faced in disadvantaged communities.

 The District will oppose measures that dilute local control by diverting local revenues or the authority over th e expenditure of local resourc es to the state or federal government. Reduced local control will weaken local en forcementSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-22 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard programs. Local agencies are better suited to efficiently and effectively identify and address community needs.

Seek funding and other support fr om ARB and EPA to install and operate additional air quality monitori ng instruments throughout the Va lley The District operates one of the most extensive air monitoring networks in the nation. Data from these monitors is ut ilized to measure progress and as sess the need for further reductions needed to attain National Ambient Air Qualit y Standards (NAAQS) established by EPA. The District i s also committed to providin g accurate and timely air quality information to educate and empower the public to protec t themselves during poor air quality episodes. This is accomplished utilizing the air monitoring data through the District’s first-in-the-nati on Real-Time Air Advisory Netwo rk (RAAN).

Installation, operation and main tenance of the Districts air mo nitoring network is resource intensive. The Distric t’s annual operati ng appropriat ion for air monitoring is approximately $2.9 million. The increase in federal mandates r elating to air monitoring (more monitors and more labor int ensive QA/QC and reporting pro cedures for existing monitors) combined with the need for more monitoring capabiliti es to satisfy the District’s initiative to provi de neighborhood by neighborhood a ir quality information require additiona l resources.

Support efforts that provide for cost-effective alternatives to open burning of agricultural waste Given current energy policy in C alifornia, biomass power facili ties, which are one of the primary alternatives to agricul tural burning, are in jeopardy. Many biomass plants in the Valley are nearing the end of thei r long-term contracts with ut ilities and find themselves in a position where the power t hat they provide is not the type of power that utilities are seeking and that the prices being offered for new contracts are too low to support their operations. The District will supp ort efforts to help level th e playing field and provide fair competition between biomass pl ants and other r enewable sources of power. The District will also support resear ch and development of alternat ives to the open burning of agricultural waste.

Technology Advancement Meeting the newest air quality standards will require transform ative measures and technologies to achieve near zer o emissions. In order to furth er develop technology to close the gap in required emissi ons reductions, the District op erates a Technology Advancement Program. Along with its own resources, the Distric t is seeking state and federal assistance to advance te chnology in the following areas :

 Mobile sources projects that dem onstrate zero- or near-zero-em issions solutions to mobile source categories wit h emphasis on goods and people m ovement, offroad equipment, or agricultural equipment.

 Renewable energy projects that f ocus on overcoming the barrier s that prevent the use or adoption of zero-emission renewabl e energy sources o r reduce emissions from renewable energy syst ems to make them cleaner th an comparable non-renewabl e alternatives.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-23 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard  Waste solutions projects that focus on waste systems or techno logies that minimize or eliminate emissions from existing waste management systems and processes, including waste-to-f uel systems, such as dairy diges ters and other bio-fuel applications.

Support adequate resources and policies to reduce the impact of wildfires and their attendant public health impact Wildfires result in significan t loss of life and property and t he associated air pollution well exceeds the total industria l and mobile source emissions i n the Valley. These emissions result in significant adverse public health impacts i n the Valley and in many regions throughout California. R educing wildfires and the resu lting air pollutants requires a sustained and multi- faceted approach that employs ef fective measures to reduce fuel supplies and adequate re sources to manage fires whe n they occur. The District supports policies and in itiatives that would encourage rapid disposal of the fuel supply, including the following:

 Additional financial and staffi ng resources for public and pri vate land managers to conduct prescribed burning as an effective means for reducin g fuel supplies that lead to large and uncont rollable wildfires.

 Additional resources to manage wildfires when they occur.

 Lessening or removal of contradi ctory environmental protection policies that prohibit the use of mechanized me thods, or prescribed burning t o reduce fuels when those are the only feasible methods available.

 Changes in the federal policies that better incorporate air qu ality concerns by shifting focus to prescribed burning and employing fire managem ent techniques that reduce air quality impact when wildfires occur.

PUBLIC OUTREACH 7.5

The District’s outreach program s are integral to the developmen t, implementation, and success of attaining federal air q uality standards. In additio n, engaging the public in efforts to reduce emissions is a key element of the District’s attainment strategy. Education increases public suppo rt for new and controversial re gulations. The District’s education and information program has expanded and evolved over the years. The following outreach programs are so me examples of District progr ams related to healthbased PM2.5 control meas ures and strategies.

Real-Time Air Advisory Network (RAAN) The District launched the Real-tim e Air Advisory Network (RAAN) in 2010. This program is the first communicati on network in the nation to pro vide automated notification of poor or changing local air quality to the publi c throughout the air basin. While the District initially developed the program for schools as a tool to determine appropriate levels of outdoor act ivity for their students, the District expanded the program in 2011, and it is now ava ilable to all Valley resident s.

The District combines local air quality information with specif ic, concentration-based health recommendations that allow R AAN subscribers to make info rmed decisionsSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-24 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard about when and for whom outdoor act ivities should be limited. The knowledge that exercise magnifies the health risks of PM2.5 exposure motivated the District to develop the RAAN program. A nyone can subscribe to RAAN at no charge th rough the District’s website ( www.valleyair.org ); once subscribed, the Distric t will send email notifications with a link to the real-time dat a of the closest monitoring sta tion within the District’s extensive monitoring network.

Real-Time Outdoor Activity Risk (ROAR) To support the expanded RAAN progr am, the District developed th e Real-time Outdoor Activity Risk (ROAR) scale. The levels of this scale provide s pecific recommendations and limitations for increasing le vels of activity, from recess through competitive athletic events. This scale is based on t he Air Quality Index system th at is used for the daily air quality forecasts, but provides m ore detailed activity recommen dations based on the latest health science. The ROAR system, when used in conjuncti on with the Air Quality Flag Program and daily a ir quality forecasts, is part of a comp rehensive set of tools available to schools and the pub lic for effective health protec tion.

Web-based Archived Air Qu ality System (WAAQS) Following-up on the success of th e RAAN program, the District d evelop a system that would provide air quality c onditions on a neighborhood by neigh borhood scale as opposed to being limited to only t he readings from monitors. T his project was organized through a three phase approach as described in the following ta ble.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-25 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Table 7-3 Phased Impl ementation of WAAQS

Phase Date Description

I Completed in 2014 This phase established a modeling technique for quantifying neighborhood level ozone and PM2.5 concentrations. The Distric t has already used this modeling technique to generate neighborhood l evel ozone and PM2.5 concentrations for each of the approximately 3, 600 grid cells (4 km x 4 km) that make up the Valley dating back to 1990. This data is being used as the foundation for providing histori cal air quality information under Phase II of this project

II Beta version released

on 3/1/2015 The District committed to provide an online tool to the public that will allow residents to view historical air quality information for their neighborhood by simply entering an address of their choosing. This newly developed system has been nam ed the Web-Based Archived Ai r Quality System (WAAQS).

The neighborhood level air quality statistics that will be prov ided to the public consist of the following:

 Number of days with Good air quality

 Number of days with Unhealthy air quality

 Days over federal standards for ozone and PM2.5

 Neighborhood air quality compared to trends for the County and San Joaquin Valley The District will accept and consider in a continuous effort to improve the information provided on the web page.

III Launching in 2016 This phase will give the public access to real-time air quality information on a neighborhood by neighborhood basis and ensure that Valley residents have the most detailed and accurate information with which to make decisions regarding outdoor activity.

Check Before You Burn The Check-Before-You-Burn outr each program is critical to the i mplementation of District Rule 4901—Wood Burning Fi replaces and Wood Burning Hea ters. Rule 4901 and the Check-Before-You-Burn pr ogram are credited with reducin g levels of PM2.5 emissions during the winter seas on to historically low levels. The rule and outreach program together have achieved t he highest level of public reco gnition and compliance of any District program, with 80% of Valley residents professin g awareness of it based on a 2014 public survey. 4

Annual Check-Before-You-Burn out reach campaigns feature Distric t Governing Board members in outdoor, radio, and video media speaking to the publ ic about how to get involved in clean air activities. The District also uses extens ive social media posts (Facebook and Twitter) to reach even more segments of the Valle y’s population. In addition, the District’s toll-fr ee information line and website receives thousands of “hits”

4 San Joaquin Valley Ai r Pollution Co ntrol District: Memorandum to SJVUAPCD Governing Board, District’s Public Opinion Survey Relating to Res idential Wood Burning and Other H abits of Valley Residents . Fresno, CA: Public Governing Board Meeting, Mar ch 20, 2014. Available at http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agend a/2014/march/final/09.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-26 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard during the wood-burning season , specifically to access wood-bur ning forecast information.

Healthy Air Living Most of the District’s outreach activities and programs are cov ered by the Health Air Living umbrella. As a year-r ound message, the Healthy Air Livi ng idea of “make one change” promotes and encourages Val ley residents and businesses to implement voluntary measures to reduced emissions and improved air qualit y. Many of the emission-reduction recommendations address PM2.5 emissions, eit her directly emitted or as byproducts of other pollu tants (e.g. reducing the number of miles traveled in a car reduces NOx and, therefore, parti culates). Components of the H ealth Air Living message include Blue Sky, Brown Sky; It’s Up To You kids activity kits aimed at elementary school student s and their parents; the Healthy Air Living Kids Calendar for kindergarteners through hi gh-school students; and Healthy Air Living Pledge Cards

, which are customized for residents, businesses, schools, and fa ith-based organizations.

ADDITIONAL STRATEGIES 7.6

Non-regulatory strategies help ac celerate attainment and have b een an important part of recent District air quality a ttainment plans. The following strategies are supported by the District as alternative me thods to reduce emissions in the Valley.

Energy Efficiency The District’s involvement i n energy efficiency and renewable e nergy is guided by its Regional Energy Efficiency Strat egy (REES), which was adopted i n January 2010. 5 This policy identifies the Dist rict’s commitment to fostering e nergy efficiency and clean energy alternatives as opportuni ties for emissions reductions. The District continues to work with stakeholders and state agencies to expand net meterin g and feed-in tariffs for use of solar and other renewable energy sources, promote energy efficiency programs for energy end users that will re sult in lower emissions and a more stable electrical distribution system, and develop measures that incentivize and encourage low-emission technologies for use of waste gas as an alternative to waste-ga s venting or flaring.

Eco-driving Eco-Driving refers to everyday techniques that drivers can do t o maximize the fuel economy of their vehicles. Thes e include observing good operat ing maintenance, such as proper tire pressure, wheel ali gnment, and oil viscosity; im proving aerodynamics; traveling at efficient speeds; choosing the appropriate gear fo r manual transmissions; driving defensively to avoid unnecessary braking; accelerating at a constant pace; and other simple, yet often forgo tten, driving techniques. As with other informational

5 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollu tion Control District. (2010). Approval of the District’s Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy . Memorandum to the SJVAPCD Governing Board. Public Hearing, Ja nuary 21, 2010. http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agend a/2010/January/Agenda_Item_7_Jan_21_2010. pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

7-27 Chapter 7: Attainment Strategy 2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard activities conducted by the Distr ict, an Eco-Driving program co uld be encompassed under the Healthy Air Living umbrella.

Green Purchasing and Contracting Valley businesses and government agencies can get involved in a ir quality improvements by considering t he environmental impacts when maki ng purchasing and contracting decisions. Green purc hasing and contracting is the selection of goods, services, and vehicles that hav e a reduced impact on human heal th and the environment when compared with ot her products that serve the sa me purpose.

The District has cr eated the guideline: Green Purchasing and Contracting: A guide to reducing environmental impacts through the procurement process

. 6 The District has also set an example for other agencies by adopting and implemen ting its own Green Procurement & sustainable Prac tices Policy in January 2012. Th e District will continue to support Valley organizations in adopting policies and practi ces to make green purchasing and contracting a r outine part of their operations.

Alternative Energy The District encourages cleaner wa ys of generating electricity and mechanical power, and moving vehicles, in addition to overall reductions in energ y use. These alternative energy choices include renewable energy, waste-to-energy system s, and alternative fuels and vehicle technologies . The District also encourages t he use of alternative energy sources that are clearly cleaner than industry standards in terms of criteria pollutants. The District’s Alternative Energy: On the Fast Track to Clean Air 7 is a guideline for considering clean e nergy options in the Valley th at discuss, and provide additional resources for, the Dis trict’s current recommendation s regarding the most advantageous and viable alternativ e energy systems. Some examp les of alternative energy options include solar energy, wind turbines, biomass, da iry digesters, and electric irrigation pumps.

6 SJVAPCD. Green Purchasing and Contracting: A guide to reduci ng environmental impacts through the procurement
process. Available at http://www.valleyair.org/Programs/FastTrack/2011/GreenPurchasin gReport4-6-11%20_2_.pdf.
7 SJVAPCD. Alternative Energy: On the Fast Track to Clean Air. A Guide for Considering Clean Energy Options in the San Joaquin Valley. Available at http://www.valleyair.org/Program s/FastTrack/2011/Alternative%20 Energy.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

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