p. 1



# OAR Box 1394 Prepped by Ollie Stewart


# ;3k-Sr- £ Document

Number: 

# 0^4)JfceHig

Docket Number: 

# A-94-5 2

Printed 7/3/2008 8:05:48 AM

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# A - ^-5 ^

MEMORANDU

M P. 2

/irldM<>/. 

# 7

TO :
FROM :
DATE : Madelein e Stru m U.S
. EPA/ESD/CCP G Gre g LaFla

man dMelani e Proctor Pacifi c Environmenta

l Services , Inc
. (PES ) October 17,199 5 L:\N40 4 SUBJECT : Industr

y Descriptio n Memorandu

m 

### 'JA N 1 9200 1 EPAAir,nr.i~< rT

Thi s memorandu mcontain s the final versio n o f th e industr

y descriptio n memorandum , a s describe dunder

tas k 7 i n PES' s revise dwor

k pla n date dAugus t

10 , 1995
. Comment s from th e September

2 7 pre-MAC T tea

mmeetin g abou t the cutof f fo r majo r source s have bee n incorporated
.

2. 0 DESCRIPTION O F TH E AFFECTE

D INDUSTR

Y
Introductio n t o industr

y description. 1 The reinforcedplasti c composite s industr y manufacture s product s fromcured , cross-linkedresins , usually i n combinatio n wit h reinforcin g agent s and inorgani c fillers. Thi s industr y produce s awid

e variet y o f product s traversin g such marke t segment s a s transportation , construction , electronics , consume r products , marine , and aerospace . Thi s divers e sourc e categor y encompasse s a s man

y a s 3 3 Standar

dIndustria

l Classificatio n (SIC ) codes. 2

- 3 ^^^^^^^^^^^ha s been specificaU y exclude d fromthi s rul e developmen t effor t and%i^^|^i^^isi^ttk^ i Plastic s ar e divided int

o tw o majo r group s know n a s thermose t an dthermoplastic
. Onc e cure dinto asolidform , thermose t material s remai n ahardsolid
. Thermoplastics , o n th e other hand , ca n b e melte d numerou s tune s throug h th e applicatio n o f heat
. ^^im^K^^laMW^®»si^!sourc? | ||§illlligii®ii3MSg^KSte

- Thermose t resin s are usually liquid s o r lo w meltin g poin t

solid s i n thei r

initia l form
. I n the productio n o

f finishedgoods , thermosettingresin s ar e cure dint o asoli db y us e o f acatalyst , heat , o r

acombination o

f both
.
2. 1 GENERA

L DESCRIPTIO

N P. 3

' V .

2.1. 1 Type s of

industria l group s included. 2

- 3 Th e SIC code s include di n th e reinforce d plasti c composite s sourc e categor y were determine db y searchin g th e toxi c releas e inventor y syste m(TRIS ) dat abas e for facilitie s emittin g styrene , amajo r hazardou s ai r

pollutan t (RAP ) emitte db y thi s sourc e category
. Th e TRI S databas e identifiedatota l se t o f 23 2 SI C code s unde r th e poUutan

t styrene
. Code s were delete dfo r categorie s tha

t clearl y di dno t

fi t th e reinforce dplasti c composite s sourc e category
. jg^j^maM^jSl.§jrcS ^ contai n facilitie s involve di n th e productio n o f plasti c composites
. 2§i^^ i i t i s cautione dthat

^S^MIiJS^M ^

t ti^|^y.afamund«qth ^ I n addition , there coul d b e facilitie s no t

encompasse db y thes e 3 3 SIC code s tha t ma y us e thermoset

resin s i n thei r operations
. Tabl e 2- 1 show s atabl e ofth e 3 3 SI C code s potentiaU

y covere dunde r

th e plasti c composite s NESHAP
. 2.1. 2 Numbe

r o f sources. 2

- 4 Th e distributio n o f source s in th e reinforce dplasti c composite s sourc e categor y b y SIC code i s als o show n i n Tabl e 2-1
. Th e majorit y of th e source s tfbfaiiSSfct&kS!^ which classifie s misceUaneou s plastic s products
. SIC cod e 307 i s a n oldcod e use din th e 197 2 editio n o f th e Standar dIndustrial Classificatio n Manual 3 , bu t TRI S stil l include s severa

l facilitie s wit

h thi s code
. Approximately^^gp t o f th e source s includedi n th e composite s industr y ar e classifie d tttK^f/SKBBB^wn ic h applie s t o motor vehicle s an

dmotor vehicl e equipment
. Th e remainin g Tabl e 2- 2 show s acomplet e lis t o f th e three-digit

SIC code s fo

r thi s sourc e categor

y an dthei r definitions
.TABL E 2- 1 STYREN E SOURCES OBTAINE

D FRO M TH E 199 3 SURVE

Y AN D 199 2 TRI S M 3 3 SI C Code s Covere dUnde

r Plasti c Composite s N.ESHA P P. 4

• ^


### G&isMr 

## Q^

## \ SWSJWAA

- " / 

# s

CffWf J (S

1 WfffhW.AL SI C

Cod e

243 4 251 1

. 3079 ° ^083 ^ C5684 X ^3Q87 ) 

### f308J P r^08 ^ 328 1 329 6 336 5 349 9 

# rlS ) 361 2 362 1 364 7 

## ^37J p ^32 £ ^371 ^ ^715 ) Titl e

Woo d Kitche n Cabinet s Woo d Househol

d Furnitur e Plastic s Products , NE C Laminate d Plastic s Plastics Pip e Custo m Compoun

d Resin s Plastic s Plumbin g Fixture s Plastic s Products , NE C Cu tSton e an d Ston e Product s Minera l Wool Aluminu m Foundrie

s Fabricate d Meta l Products , NE

C Oil/Ga s Field Machinery/Equip . Powe r Transformer

s Motor s an d Generator

s Vehicula r Lightin g Equipmen

t Moto r Veh./Pass . Ca

r Bodie s 1 Truc

k an d Bu s Bodie s J Moto r Veh . Parts/Accessorie

s Truc k Trailer s Tota

l Faciliti e s

1 1 6 0 32 8 2 7 10 7 24 5 9 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 3 1 4 1 Majo

r Sources •

0 1 2 4 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 12 9 3 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 9 6 1 HAP Emission

s fo r Majo r Source s fro m 199 3 Surve y an d 1992 TRI S Dat a for Styren e (tons) b 0 1 2 1,08 1 74 2 4 0 46 5 4,92 9 9,76 3 9 2 1,61 3 3 2 4 6 1 1 4 8 0 1 6 3 7 37 6 18 5 9 6P. 5

TABL E 2- 1 (Concluded) 

## wfm} ^ym) 

# 3* v 374 3 379 2 379 5 394 9 396 5 399 3 399 8 399 9 403 6 

### I 873 4 | Moto r Home s Aircraf t

' Aircraf t Parts/Equipment , NEC RaUroa d Equipmen

t Trave l TraUers/Camper s Tanks/Tank

Component s Sporting/Athleti c Goods , NE C Fasteners , Buttons , Etc
. Signs/Advertisin g Specialtie s

d Manufacturin g Industries , NEC

d Testin g Laboratorie s TOTA L 

### 6 1 1 1 1 8 1 8 3 1 3 2 3 1 1 60 2 5

1 1 1 1 3 1 3 0 1 2 1 2 0 0 29 1 17 3

2 2 2 8 12 8 51 0 7 7 64 0 5 6 3 0 35 9 0 

# 0 

# 1 21,03 1 1

* Majo r source s i n thi s tabl e ar e considere d t o b e ope n moldin g facilitie s (e.g. , facilitie s conductin g ge l coating , sprayup , han

d layup , o r filamentwinding ) wit h mor e tha

n 4.3 4 ton s o f

HA P emission s pe r year and othe r non ope n moldin g facilitie s wit h mor e tha n 1 0 ton s pe r yea r o f

styren e emission s a s reported i n th e 199 3 industr y surve y o r 199 2 TRIS . I f surve y information wa s incomplet e o r unavailabl e 199 2 TRI S dat a wa s use d t o detennin e di e facility' s emissions . Th e reaso n fo r choosin g a lowe r cutof f fo r ope n moldin g facilitie s i s that recen tstudie s hav e show n tha tEPA' s emissio n facto r document , AP-42 , i s likel y t o underestimat e emission s fo r ope n moldin g operation s b y a facto r o f 2.3 . Sinc e man

y facilitie s us e AP-4 2 emissio n factor s t o calculat e thei r emissions , a safet

y facto r i s neede d t o ensure tha tal l major source s are included .
b HA P emission s informatio n wa s take n from the 199 3 industr

y survey . Whe n surve y informatio n wa s unavailable , 199 2 TRI S dat a wer e used . A s explaine d unde r footnot e a , emission s fo r ope n moldin g facilitie s wer e multiplie d b y a facto r o f 2.3 . Sinc e TRI S dat

a d o no tidentif

y the proces s used , i twa s assume d tha tal l facilitie s fo r whic h onl y TRI S dat a wer e availabl e engage d i n ope n moldin g operations . Therefore , facilitie s wit h TRI S emission s o f

mor e tha n 4.3 4 ton s o f

styren e pe r yea r wer e considere d majo r sources .

c SI C cod e 307 9 wa s use d i n th e 197 2 edition , bu twa s eliminate d i n the 198 7 edition . TRI S nonetheles s include s several facilitie s with thi s code . Whil e cod e 307 9 ha s th e sam e titl e a s "new ' cod e 3089 , non e o f th e TRI S facilitie s liste d unde r 307 9 als o appea r under 3089 . d SI C code s 399 8 and 403 6 wer e notuse d i n th e 197 2 o r 198 7 edition , bu tTRI S include s facilitie s with thes e codes .P. 6

TABL E 2- 2 LIS T O F THREE-DIGI T SI C CODE S AN D DESCRIPTIO N POSSIBL Y INCLUDE D I N

REINFORCED PLASTI C COMPOSITE S INDUSTRY "*

SI C Cod e DESCRIPTIO N 24 3 MUlwork , Veneer , Plywood , An d Structura

l Woo d Member s 

### 25 1 Househol d Furnitur e 

# m Miscellaneou s Plastic s Product s (Ol d Category ) +\ 29** 'ftftfceiianeou s Plastic s Products

Cu tStone An

d Ston e Product

s 

### 32 9 Abrasive , Asbestos , An d MisceUaneous NonmetaUi c Minera l Product s 

### 33 6 Nonferrou s Foundrie s 

### 34 9 Miscellaneou s Fabricated Metal Product s 35 3 Construction , Mining , And Material s Handlin g Machiner y And Equipment 

### 36 1 Electri c Transmissio n An d Distributio n Equipment 

### 36 2 Electrica l Industria

l Apparatus

• Electrical Lightin g And Wirin g Equipment

• H ^Moto r Vehicle s An d Moto r Vehicl e Equipmen t Aircraf tAnd Part

s Railroad Equipment MisceUaneou s Transportation Equipment DoUs , Toys , Game

s An d Sporting An d Athletic s Good s Costum e Jewelry , Costume Novelties , Buttons , An d Miscellaneou s

Notions , Excep tPreciou s Metal ' Miscellaneou s Manufacturing Industrie s Base d o n styrene emissions an d subsequen tdeletio n o f

clearl y inapplicabl e categories 

# d ^U^> \*\% ^^-iW 4P. 7



### 2.1. 3 Geographi

c location. 2 

### Th

e gec^rapmc4<ration s o

f majo r an dareasource s possibl y involve di n th e reinforce d plasti c composite s industr

y ar e show n i n Tabl e 2-3
. Th e geographic informatio

n wa s obtaine d fromdie 1993 industr

y screenin g surve y an d199 2 TRI S Sgniga^f^rfggaor WmmWS^mtW^^J^^^^^^^ ^Sin^AP-4^3jjpearst o underestimat

e emission s fo

r ope n moldin g source s b

y afacto r o f 2.3 , WlWHBI^^^ ^

*SSGfS
. Th

e 4.3 4 to n cutof f fo r ope n moldin g operation s wa

s determine

db y dividin g the cutof f fo r amajo r source (1 0 tons ) b y 2.3 , whic h appear s t o b e th e facto r by whic h AP-2 4 underestimate s ope

n moldin g emissions
. Table 2- 3 shows alarge numbe r o f facUities locate

d K57) , i£f^ p (51) , an4J^§&(45)
. fgj^nM^l^l*i»iii5^fi l

~ Th e larges t numbe r o f non-majo r source s i s locate

d i n Ohio (29) , foUowe

db y Californi a(25) , an dFloridaan

d Nort h Carolin awit

h 2 0 facUitie

s each
.TABL E 2- 3 DISTRIBUTIO N O F MAJORAN D ARE A SOURCE S B Y STATE 2
- 3 P. 8

STAT E

Alabama Arkansa s Arizon a | CaUforni

a | Colorad o | Delawar e 

### 1 Florid a 1 Georgi a | Hawai i Idaho IUinois Indian a Iow a 1 Kansa

s 1 Kentuck

y \ Louisian a Main e Maryland Massachusett

s Michigan Minnesot a NUMBE ROF MAJO RSOURCE S
3 3 2 2 6 0 1 1 0 7 0 2 1 7 3 8 5 1 0 5 3 1 2 0 1 1 9 NUMBE RO F

NON-MAJO R SOURCE S 1 1 4 4 2 5 3 4 2 0 1 4 2 2 1 2 1 9 6 4 7 2 2 4 3 1 9 9 TOT.A L

1 4 7 6 5 1

3 

### 5 1 3 0 I 2 1 2 4 2 9 5 7 1 1 1 4 1 2 5 3 

### 6 1 3 3 0 

### 1 8 ITABL E 2- 3 (Concluded

) _E9

_

Mississipp i Missouri Nebrask a Nevad a Ne w Hampshire Ne w Jerse y Ne w Mexic o Ne w York North Carolin a North Dakot a Ohi o Oklahom a Orego n Pennsylvani a Puert o Ric o Rhod e Islan d Sout h Carolin a Sout h Dakota Tennesse e Texa s Utah Virgini a Washingto n Wes t Virgini a Wisconsi n TOTAL S 1 5 4 1 1 0 0 7 1 2 1 3 5 4 9 1 4 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 7 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 32 1 5

6 4 0 2 7 2 1 2 2 0 1 2 9 3 4 1 9 1 2 1 2 1 7 1 8 2 7 1 0 3 15 36 8 6

1 1 8 1 3 7 2 1 9 3 2 2 6 4 7 1 3 3 3 1 2 

### 1 4 1 3 | 1 8 | 4 5 5 1 0 2 2 4 2 6 68 9P.1 0

2.1. 4 Employment. 3 Th e distributio n o f workforce siz e b

y facilit y i s show n i n Tabl e 2-4 . Employmen tdat

a wer e obtained from th e 1993 industr y screening survey . I n thi s surve y facilitie s wer e aske d t o repor tthei r numbe

r o f employee s i n range

s (0-100 ; 101-250 ; 251-500 ; 501-750 ; 751-1,000 ; 1,001-1,500 ; an d > 1,500) . Fro

m m e tota

l facilitie s responding , about hal f o f th e facilitie s (363 ) di d repor tdiscret e number s fo r employee s i n thei r surve y response . Sinc e th e range s aske d fo r i n th e survey wer e rathe r broad , flBBBBflHQHHBI
facUities . I twa s assume d diatdi e facUities matreporte d discrete number

s wer e a goo d representatio n o f

th e industr

y as a whole . Accordin g to th e surve y information , jHBSB^ P ggggHig^ to f

th e 36 3 facUitie s #^lfeatJ^S3ftfes!emplo^es . approximately 0_WjE& L o f di e employees , whU e onl y on e facUit y each reported 60 0 an

d 144 0 employees . 2.1. 5 Distributio n b v process. 2
- 3 There ar e a numbe

r o f differen tprocesse s tha

tca n b e use d t o produc e reinforce d plasti c composites . A ful l descriptio n o f th e differen tprocesse s i s provide d i n th e proces s descriptio n an d emissio n point

s memorandum. 6 Th e mos tcommo n processe s are : •tf^p * VflBpq) . 40HBSi£E39Rs » ccffi^RI'^mMHHg , 

## 0^00 9 pfij^gg^png , ^JUJfUPand^^BHB P Som e facUitie s prepar

e thei r ow n moldin g compound , whic h i s the n sol d o r use d i n thei r ow n operation . Ther e ar e als o a numbe

r o f facUities dia

tus e mor e dia n on e proces s at thei r facUity . Ge l coating , fo r example , i s typicall y use d i n conjunctio n wid i othe r laminatio n processes . Tabl e 2- 5 show s th e distributio n o f 24 6 major source s by productio n process . Th e dat a fo r thi s tabl e wer e coUecte d from th e 199 3 industr

y screenin g survey . Th e 199 2 TRI S dat a wer e no tincorporate d int o Tabl e 2- 5 becaus e TRI S dat a d o no tcontai n proces s infonnation . Sinc e onl y 199 3 survey informatio n i s use d i n Tabl e 2-5 , m e total number o f majo r source s i s smalle r here (246 ) tha n i n Tabl e 2- 3 (321) , which use s surve y an d TRI S data . A majo r sourc e i n Tabl e 2- 5 i s di e sam e as describe d unde r sectio n 2.1.3 . FacUitie s Uia tuse d severa l differen tprocesse s were counte d under each proces s reported fo r mei rTABL E 2- 4

Numbe r Of Employee s B y Facility Reporte d I n 199 3 Survey Respons e (Tota l Numbe r O f Facilitie s Reportin g Discret e Number s • 363 )

Numbe r O f Employ *P.1 2

facility . Tabl e 2- 5 show s tha tflfllligi^^ 

## :^^S^^ 8i 

## *MiWM^P^^^iI^Sg^ffi^^ E I t i s no t * surprisin g tha

tge l coatin g i s reported b y a larg e numbe r o f facilities , sinc e many product s produce d b y othe r processe s hav e a ge l coa tfinish . ^tenaaigB^gggg^Bg . whic h i s reporte d b y about^fecreerifeeittDeigKniltrv . i s th e thir d mos tused process , followe d by09Qf p ^pmCTw^JEaeaciCe W Facilitie s dia treported mold production , resi n production , o r di e us e o f we tmi x i n m e 199 3 industr y surve y wer e classifie d as "other " i n Tabl e 2-5 . Si x facUitie s are classifie d a

s injectio n moldin g operations ; eve n though injectio n moldin g i s usuaU y don e wiu i tiiermoplastic resins , thes e facUities us e BM C fo r injectio n molding .



### 1 1TABLE 2- 5 DISTRIBUTION O F MAJO RSOURCE S B Y PROCES S 2

- 3 (Tota l Numbe r O f Major Source s = 246 ) P.1 3

PROCES S NUMBE RO F FACILITIE S % O F FACILITIE S REPORTIN G PROCES S Casting'/Centrifuga l Castin g Compoundin g (SMC , BM C & TMC ) 1 7

Continuou s Laminatio n 42 1 2 Culture d Marbl e Castin g 1 4

Injectio n Moldin g 3 0 15 2

Prepreggin g 2 6 H

RT M 1 9 1 3 15 8 Vacuu m Baggin g > 1 Othe r
Castin g i s a differen tproces s fro m culture d marbl e castin g an d centrifuga

l casting .

1 2P. M

2. 2 MAJO RMARKET S AN D PRODUCT S
2.2. 1 M-ajo

r marke t categories. 4 7 TheggSi'j^^gkjp|lca^p ^ include di n di e reinforce dplasti c composite s sourc e categoi y are : transportation , packaging , buildin g an d construction , electrical/electronics , furniture andfurnishings , consume r an dinstitutional products , industrial/machinery , adhesives/inks/coatings , an dexports
.

Th e packagin g marke

t categor y include s al l sort s o f shippin g container s lik

e drums , boxes , andcrate s a s well a s packaging materials
. Th e SI C cod e 308 , MisceUaneou s Plastic s Products , cover s dii s market category
. Th e buildin g an d constructio n marke

t categor y include s item s lik

e pipe , conduit , plumbing fixtures, showers , bathtubs , siding , flooring , skylights , andrailings
. The SI C code s mos t

closel y relate d t o thi s categor y ar e 35 3 an

d308 , whic h cove r

construction , material s handlin g an dequipment , an d miscellaneou s plasti c products
. SI C cod e 24 3 relate s t o miUwork

, veneer , plywood , an d structura l woo dmembers , whic h als o cover s product s usedi n di e buildin g an dconstructio n marke t sector
. Th

e electronic s marke t

categor y include s hom

e an dindustria

l appliances , resistors , andwir

e an dcabl e coverings
. Th e SIC code s fo r dii s market

categor y ar e 349 , 361 , 362 , an d364
. Th

e furnitur e marke t categor y relate s t o product s such a s househol dan d offic e furniture andcover s SIC cod e 251 , whic h i s householdfurniture
. Consume r andindustrial product s ar e coveredb y SI C code s 308 , 394 , 396 , and39 9 andcover awid e variet

y o f good s rangin g fromtoys , sportin g goods , costum e jewelry , buttons , andladder s t o barbe r sho p equipment
. 2.2. 2 Resi

n us e bv marke t

category. 7 According to jgff data , ^0 W

asmal l amoun

t o f m e tota l thermose t

resi n produced
. Tabl e 2- 6 provide s informatio n about th e quantit

y o f resin usedan

dth e distributio n of

thermose t resi n sale s andusag e by majo r 1 3P.1 5

««* *

eggS^- 3 marke t categor y for 1993
. The^99lClJ
. Srreinforcedrplastic s industfy^tffermose t an ddiermoplastic)f^projec6SiF ; fetptii^^ Cadierin e Randazzo , th e Executiv e Directo r of di e SP I Composite s Institute , predict s a$f#Jpcrcen t Th e Institute conclude s dia t abou j

TABLE 2- 6 199 1 US E OF THERMOSE T PLASTI C RESIN S B Y MARICE T CATEGORY 7 (Thousand s o f

Pounds , Dr

y Weigh t Basis) *

MAJO RMARKE

T Transportatio n Packagin g Buildin g & Constructio n Electrical/Electroni c Furnitur e & Furnishing s Consume r & Institutiona

l Product s Industrial/Machiner

y Adhesives/Inks/Coating s AUOther * Export s TOT.AL S RESIN QUANTITY

617,32 6 79,97 5 4,628,88 5 234,48 1 146,72 7 350,65 4 191,00 1 168,46 4 270,29 2 212,73 9 6,900,54 4 PERCEN T O F TOTA L I 

### 8. 9 I 

### 1. 2 I 67. 1 

### 3. 4 2. 1 5. 1 2. 8 2. 4 3. 9 3. 1 10 0
Phenoli c i s o n agros s weight basis
. Al l odie r total s do no t

includ e disclosur e data ; therefore , dies e total s ma y no t equa l m e sumo f thei r respectiv e components
.

1 4P.1 6

2.3.RESI N
2.3. 1 Resin usag e h

v type. 1 A numbe

r o f |heimose^ti^|gginsfar e use di n di e composite s industry
. fMfeM.^^ ^ aDDroximatel\y/,9iPerge'M^ti{Sioimiresinsius < Polyester s are produce db y di e condensatio n polymerizatio n of dicarboxUic acid s andglycols
. Ther e sir e man y differen t acid s an dglycol s use di n polyeste

r resi n productio n t o achiev e di e desire dpropertie s in th e formulate dresin
. j^inceJgffiRSlr e s o versatil e an dsinc e diey ca n b e easU y modifiedor

taUore ddurin g resi n creation , the y

comparativel

y gffg8& an dmei r

usag e ha s historicaUy bee n limite dt o hig h performanc e applications
. Epoxie s ca n b e use di n mos t composit e productio n processes , particularl y vacuum-ba g molding , compressio n molding , filament winding , andhandlay-u

p operations
. The y wer e develope dto

j If Phenolic s are usually dar

k colored , limiting me

mto application s dia

t ar e red , black , o r brown
. Durin g th e composit e fabricatio n an

dcurin g step , phenoli c resin s produc e water , whic h ha s t o b e remove dfro mdi e process . Ure aan

dmelamine resin s ca

n b e use dfo

r Ugh t colore dproducts
. 2.3. 2 M^jo

r resi n manufacturers. 7 Tabl e 2- 7 show s alistin g o f som e o f th e majo r resi n manufacturer s who participate di n th e SP I mondil y statistica

l repor t in 1993
. A s indicate di n th e table , anumbe r o f thes e manufacturer s ar e involvedi n th e productio n o f severa l differen t resins
. Th e survey di dno t contai n an

y informatio n o n di e manufacturer s o f viny l ester s an

dge l coat
.


### 1 5P.1 7

TABL E 2- 7 SOM E O F TH E MAJO RRESIN MANUFACTURER S B Y RESIN TYPE a 7

1

—•- • Epox y Manufacturer s Ciba-Geig y Corporatio n
Do w Chemica l U.S.A . Reichhol d Chemical s Rhone-Poulen c

SheU Chemica l Compan y Unio n Carbid e Corporatio n Melamin e

Manufacturers
America n Cyanami d Compan y BT L Speci^t y Resin s Corporatio n Hoechs t Celanes e Corporatio n Nest e Resin Corporatio n Occidental Chemica l Corporatio n Rhone-Poulen c Phenoli c

Manufacturer

s AUied-Signa

l Corporatio n Ashlan d Chemica l Georgi a Pacifi c Corporatio n Nest e Resi n Corporatio n
Plaslo k Corporatio n Roger s Corporatio n Unsaturated

Polyeste r Manufacturer

s Coo k Composite s & Polymer s Do w Chemica

l U.S.A . Interplasti c Corporatio n Owens-Cornin g Fiberglas s Corporatio n Pionee r Plastic s Corporatio n Reichhol d Chemical s Ure a

Manufacturer

s
Borde n Chemica l Compan y Cyte c Industries Georgi a Pacifi c Corporatio n Monsant o Chemical Compan y She U Chemical Compan y Spurlock Adhesive s
Informatio n fo r ge l coa tand viny l ester s wer e no tinclude d i n th e SP I survey ; however , Coo k Composite s an d Polymer s i s a major manufacture r o f ge l coats .


### 2.3. 3 Resi n productio n and sales. 7 thermose tresin s

' . Tabl e 2- 8 present s informatio n o n th e productio n an

d sale s o f five differenttiiermosetresins : epoxy , melamine , phenoUc , unsaturate d polyester , an d urea . Whe n examinin g m e epox y resi n productio n dat a i ti s 

### 16P.1 8

importan t t o not e that||fi|5[|]|^ ^ l^iijia ^ Md^^posps
. Table 2- 9 provide s information o n di e actua l en dus e of th e epoxy resi n produce din 1993
. Th e tota l productio n o f

unsaturate dpolyeste

r i s no t a s hig h a s ui e total productio n o

f som e of th e odie r resins , bu t

mos t o f di e unsaturatedpolyester

resi n i s use d fo r th e productio n o

f reinforcedplastics
. Thi s informatio n i s show n i n tabl e 2-10
. Accordin g t o Tabl e 2-8 , di e productio n o f phenoU c resi n i s higher

dia n th e production of

an y odie r resin
. Bu t whe n examinin g di e end-us e dat afo r phenoli c resin s (Tabl e 2-11) , i t become s apparen t dia t approximatel y 9 3 percen

t o f di e phenoU

c resi n i s usedfo

r bondin g an dadhesives
. Onl y a relativel y sma

U fractio n ( 5 percent

) i s use dfor

moldin g compounds
.

TABL E 2- 8 199 3 RESI N PRODUCTION AND SALE S B Y RESI N TYPE 7

RESI N TYP E Epox y Melamin e

• Phenolic Unsaturate

d Polyeste r Ure a PRODUCTIO N I N MILLION

S O F POUND S 51 2 < 27 0 SALE

S I N MILLION

S O F POUND S S 53 5 ^

_. .

26 1 3,07 8 <^ 3,08 1 1,264 ^ 1,74 4 

### 1 . 

### 1,28 0 1,74 3 

### |*u * 

# t*<dr+f*j t



# cJL*u£l+'+&' 

# 7

n

1 7P.1 9

TABL E 2- 9 EPOX Y RESI N CONSUMPTIO

N B Y END-USE 7

EPOX Y RESI N END-US E

Bonding & Adhesive s | Flooring , Paving , andAggregate s

Protectiv e Coating s 

### ¥?te?K@HfefeeitiEHHM&i3i^ ^ Tooling , Casting , andMoldin g Resin s

A U Othe r Use s TOTAL

- — • • - ' AMOUN T USE D I N MH J JON S OF POUND S 

### 3 3 3 4 

### 21 8 I B-WmW l 1 7 I 3 1 I 41 4 |



### 1 8P.2 0

TABL E 2-1 0 UNSATURATE

D POLYESTE

RCONSUMPTIO

N B Y END-USE 7

AMOUN T USE D I N MILUON S O F POUND S Marin e An

d Marin e Accessorie s 26 7 Transportatio n 9 8 Genera l Constructio n 7 1 Batiiroo mComponent s & Fixture s 145 Pipes , Tanks , an

dFitting s 14 1 Panel s 8 8 Electrical/Electroni c 3 2 Recreationa

l Goods , Toys , etc
. 1 8 Othe r Consume r Good s 1 6 Othe r ReinforcedGood s 3 6 Reinforce d Plastics , Tota

l Transportation/Bod

y Putt y 4 8 Constructio n 15 4 Consume r Goods 3 5 Ge l Coat s 6 2 Othe r No n ReinforcedGood s 2 7 Othe r End-Uses , Tota

l

1 9P.2 1

TABL E 2-1 1 PHENOLI C RESI

N CONSUMPTIO

N B Y END-USE 7

PHENOU C RESIN END-US E .AMOUN T USE D I N .MILUON S O F POUND S Moldin g Compound s 

### 16 0 Bondin g & Adhesive s fo r

Laminatin g 

### 17 7 Bondin g & Adhesive s fo r

Coate do r

BondedAbrasive s 

### 2 5 Bondin g & Adhesive s fo r

Frictio n Material s 

### 49 Bonding & Adhesive s fo

r Insulatio n Material s 

### 37 5 Bondin g & Adhesive s fo

r Plywoo d 1,54 0 B Bondin g & Adhesive s for Fibrou s an

dGranulate dWood 

### 48 5 A U Odie r Bondin g & Adhesive s 

### 18 9 Protectiv e Coating s 

### 1 2 A U Odie r Use s 

### 3 9 TOTA L 3,05 1

2. 4 EXISTIN G REGULATION S
2.4. 1 Introduction. M 8 Existin g regulation s fo r th e reinforce dplasti c composite s industr y hav e bee

n reviewe di n orde r

t o evaluat e potentia l contro l strategie s an

dthei r effectiveness
. The area s tha t hav e implementedregulation s fo r thi s sourc e categor

y include di e Puge t Soun dAi r PoUution Contro l Distric t (PSAPCA

) i n Washington , California' s Ba y Area , th e Soud

i Coas t .Ai r Qualit y Managemen

t Distric t (SCAQMD) , Sa

n Diego , Santa Barbara , Yolo-Solano , Sa

n Joaqui n VaUey , an

dVentur aCount y Ai r Pollutio n Contro l Districts , an

dth e State s of

Marylan dan

dIllinois
. Eac

h regulatio n applie s t o polyeste r resi n 2 0an

dge l coatin g operation s tiiat

fabricat e o r rewor k product s fo

r commercial , military , o r industria l us e including , bu t

not limite dto , boats, ' tubs , pools , showe r enclosures , spas , bauiroo mfixtures, jigs , tools , molds , ai r pollutio n contro l equipment , sewag e treatmen t equipment , storag e tanks , transportatio n parts , an dotiier industrial an

dconsume r products
.
I s (defined , fo

r example , b y SCAQM D a s unsaturate dpolyeste

r resins , such a s isophthalic , ortiiophthalic , halogenated , bispheno l A , viny l ester , o r fura n resins ; cross-linkin g agents ; catalysts ; gel coats ; inhibitors ; accelerators' , promoters ; andan y odier materia l containin g VO C use din polyeste r resi n operations)
. Th e strategie s use dinclude th e us e of certai n spra

y gu n o r applicatio n equipment , appUcatio n of resi n materia

l wid i alo w monome

r content , us e of

vapor suppressedresins , us e o f add-o n contro l equipment , switchin g t o lo w VO C o r wate r bas e cleaners , resi n applicatio n i n a n enclose dare awit

h adr y filter t o contro l overspray , an dcoverin g resi n storag e containers
. Som

e o f th e regulation s allo w acombinatio n o f emissio n reductio n strategie s t o achiev e compliance
. 2.4. 2 Summar

y o f existin g regulations.*• " Th e ke y point s o f di e existin g air

qualit y regulation s affectin

g th e reinforce dplasti c composite s industr y ar e presente di n Tabl e 2-12
. Th e regulation s appl

y t o an y facUity , existin g o r

new , diat manufacture s product s fro m polyester resi n material
. However , som e o f th e regulation s include exemption s fo r certai n compounds , processes , an

dresi n usage . Th e Soutii Coas t regulatio n exempt s anumbe r o f chlorin e containin g compound s includin g chlorofluorocarbons , methy l chloroform , an dcarbo n tetrachlorid e fro

mdiei r regulation , whU

e di e Ba y Are aan dth e Stat

e o f Marylandexemp t processe s suc h a s touch-u

p an drepai r operations
. Th e amoun

t o f resi n use dby afacilit

y ca n als o b e th e basi s fo

r exemption
. Ventur aCounty , for example , exempt s facilitie s dia t us e les s tha n 2 0 gaUon s o

f polyeste r resi n material pe r

month , whU

e Sa n Dieg o Count

y exempts marin e vesse l repair

operation s usin g les s dia

n 0. 5 gaUo

n o f resi n eac h da

y an da U odier repai r operation s usin g les s dia

n 1 gallo n pe r

day
. Th e Stat

e o f Marylan dexempt s facilitie s dia t hav e les s dia n 2 0 pound s o

f actua l VO C emission s pe r

week
. Th e Stat e o f Illinoi s an

dCalifornia' s Ba

y Area , Sout

h Coast , Sa

n Diego , Sant

a 

### 2 1TABL E 2-1 2 REGULATOR

Y SUMMARY FO RTH E REINFORCE D PLASTI C COMPOSITE S INDUSTR Y 9 " 1 8

RUL E PROVISIO N BAY ARE A REGULATIO N 8 RUL B 3 0 B y weigh ta s applie d

50f tB y weigh ta s applie d PUGETSOUN D REGULATIO N U SECTIO N 3.0 8 SOUT H COAS T RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0 3 5 ftB y weigh ta s applie d

4 8 ftB y weigh ta s applie d SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.12 , VENTUR A COUNT Y RUL B 74.14 * 3 5 % B y weigh ta s applie d

5 0 ftB y weigh ta s applie d STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.U.19.X X

3 5 ftB y weigh ta s applied , i f actua l VO C emission s ar e 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r da y S O % B y weigh ta s applied, i f actua l VO C emission s ar e 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r da y 5 0 ftB y weigh ta s applie d 4^XLB y weigh ta s applie d fo r South Coast , 5 0 ftfo r Illinoi s S O ftB y weigh ta s applie d 5 0 ftB y weigh ta s applied , i f actua l VO C emission s ar e 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r da y Monome r Conten tLimi tfor .4 8 ftB y weigh ta s applie d 5 0 ftB y weigh ta s applied , onl y fo r Ventur a Count

y

Monome r Conten tLimi tFo r 25 0 Grams o f VO C pe r lite r 

## Z. i o f coatin g applie d 

# ^W^ W 5 0 ftB y weigh ta s applied , i f actua l VO C emission s ar e 2 0 lb s o r mor e pe r da y B y weigh ta s applie d 5 0 ftB y weigh ta s applie d

Monome r Conten tLimi tFo r 25 0 Grams o f VO C pe r lite r o f coatin g applie d 

# Z£% B y weigh ta s applie d 4 5 ftB y weigh ta s applie d

Usag e O f Vapor-Suppresse d Resi n Wit

h Limite d VO C Emission s

O r Weigh tlos s fro m VO C

emission s no

tt o excee d 6 0 gram s pe r squar

e mete r o f expose d surfac e are a O r Weigh tlos s fro m VO C emission s no tt o excee d 6 0 gram s pe r squar e mete r o f expose d surfac e are a O r Weigh tlos s from VO C

emission s no tt o excee d 60 ' gram s pe r squar e mete r o f expose d surfac e are a O r O r 2 2TABL E 2-1 2 (Continued

) 

# n RUL E PROVISIO N

Us e Close d Mol d Syste m

O r Pultrusio n Operation s Requirement

s

An d Specifi c Spra

y Equipment

An d BA Y ARE A REGULATIO N 8 RULB5 0 Us e Close d Mol d Syste m

An d Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r hig h volume , lo w pressure spra

y (HVLP )

An d PUGETSOUN D REGULATIO N D SECTIO N 3.0 8

, , , Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r hig h volume , lo w pressur e spray (HVLP )

An d SOUT H COAS T

RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0 With les s du

m 4 ftweigh tlos s o f polyeste r materia

l O r Covere d wet-ou tbaths , enclos e distanc e from exi to f

bat h t o di e excep tfo r 1 8 inche s o f preform distanc e fo r Sout h Coast . Sf

tmaximum weigh t los s o f polyeste r materia

l fo r Sout h Coas tan

d 4ftfo r Illinoi s An d Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r hig h volume , lo w pressur e spra

y (HVLP) : fo r touch-u p an

d repair us e o f hand-held , air-atomize d spra y gu n i s permitted

An d SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.1 2 A

VENTUR A COUNT Y RUL E 74.1 4 Us e Close d Mol d Syste m

An d Airles s spray , air-assiste d airles s spray , electrostati c spray , o r hig h volume , lo w pressur e spray (HVLP) : fo r touch-u p and repair us e o f hand-held , air-atomize d spray gu n i s permitte d

An d STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.11.I9.X X

An d Facilitie s with mor e dian 10 0 lb s o f

actual VO C emission s pe r da y mus tus e airles s spray o r air-assiste d airles s spray guns , lo w pressur e nozzles , pressur e fe d rollers , flo w coaters , o r othe r non-atomize d applicatio n techniqu e An d

#"•» - 2 3TABL E 2-1 2 (Continued

)

RUL E PROVISIO N

Storag e Requirement

s

An d Cleanin g Materia

l Requirements BA Y ARE A REGULATIO N 8 RULB5 0 Close d containe n fo r storage . self-closin g container * for disposa l o f

wast e material , resin , and cleanin g material s

An d VO C conten to f

cleanin g material i s no tt o excee d 20 0 gram s pe r lite r o f

material ; us e equipmen tfo r collectin g cleanin g material an d minimiz e evaporatio n PUGETSOUN D REGULATIO N 0 SECTIO N 3.0 8 Close d container s fo r storag e an d disposa l o f

VOC-containin g materials .

An d An y VOC-containin g material use d fo r cleanu p o f

spray equipment , includin g resin lines . ca n onl y b e use d i f

equipmen t fo r collectin g VOC-containin g material i s employe d an d evaporatio n t o the atmospher e i s

minimized . SOUT H COAS T RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0 Close d container s

An d Solven tcleanin g operation s shal l compl y with Rul e 117 1 fo r th e South Coas tRule . Illinoi s requires solven t recover y syste m whe n usin g mor e tha n 4 gallon s o f

cleanin g material s pe r da y with mor e du n 20 0 $o f

VO M pe r lite r (1. 7 lb s pe r gallon) . Solven t recovei y o n sit e o r b y commercia l service . Wast e residu e fro m solven trecoveiy syste m a tdi e sourc e mus thav e les s tha n 20f tVO M b y weigh t SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.1 2 & VENTUR A COUNT Y RUL E 74.1 4 Self-closin g container s fo r storin g resin, cleanin g materials , and wast e material s fo r Sa n Diego , Yolo-Solano , an d Sa n Joaquin . Close d container s fo r storag e o f al l VO C containin g material s fo r Ventur a Count

y an d Sant

a Barbara County . An d Us e VO C reclamation syste m fo r cleanin g materials , unles s material s contai n les s tha n 20 0 gram s o f VO C pe r lite r (1. 7 lb s pe r gallon) , o r material s hav e initia l boilin g point s greate r dia n 190 " C , o r averag e usag e i s les s than 0. 5 gallon s pe r da y fo r Sa n Diego , 1 5 gallon s pe r wee k fo r Ventur a County , an d 4 gallon s pe r da y fo r Yolo Solan o an d Sa n Joaquin . Solven tresidue fro m reclamatio n syste m shal l no t excee d 2 0 ftVO C by weight . STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.11.19.X X

Us e non-VO C clean-u p material s

2 4

t o U lTABL E 2-1 2 (Concluded

)

RUL E PROVISIO N

In Lie u O f

Al l Th e Abov e Excep tStorag e And Cleanin g Materia l Requirements , Facilit

y ma y us e Control Equipmen

t

An d Applicatio n Are a Restriction s

Resi n Usag e o r Emission s Exemption s

Othe r Exemption s BA Y ARE A REGULATIO N 8 RUL E 5 0 I n lie u o f al l th e abov e excep t storag e and cleanin g materia l requirements, facility ma y us e contro l equipment , whic h mus treduce VO C emissions b y a tleas t8 5 ft

H _ »

An y touchu p an d repair operation s PUGE T SOUN D REGULATIO N D SECTIO N 3.0 8

An d Enclose d Are a wid i dr y filte r t o contro l overspra y SOUT H COAS T RUL E 116 2 & STAT E O F ILLINOI S SECTIO N 218.66 0 I n lie u o f al l di e abov e excep t storag e an d cleanin g material requirements , facility ma y us e contro l equipmen twi m overal l captur e an d contro l efficienc y o f a tleas t9 0 fto n a mas s basi s *^_ « SA N DIEG O RUL E 67.1 2 & VENTUR A COUNT Y RUL E 74.1 4 I n lie u o f al l d w abov e excep t storag e an d cleanin g materia l requirements, facility may us e contro l equipmen twi m tota l captur e o f

VOC s an d contro l efficienc y o f

a tleas t8 5 ftb y weigh ti n Ventura County .

_ ^

_

Les s dian 2 0 gallon s pe r mont h o f resin usag e fo r Sa n Joaqui n an d Ventur a County . Les s than 5 0 gallon s o f

resi n usag e pe r yea r fo r Sant

a Barbara . Les s du m 1 gallo n pe r da y fo r repair wor k excep tfo r marin e vessel s fo r Sa n Diego . N o exemptio n fo r Yolo-Salan o An y touchu p and repair operation s fb r Yolo-Solan o STAT E O f MARYLAN D COMAR26.11.19.X X

Facilitie s wid i les s dian 2 0 lb s o f actua l VO C emission s pe r wee k

An y toolin g o r touch-u p an d repair operation s

Include s summar

y o f Sant a Barbar a Couni y Rul e 349 , Yolo-Solan o Rul e 2.30 , and Sa n Joaqui n Valle y Rul e 4684 .



### 2 5

to O )P.2 7

Barbara , Yolo-Solano , Sa

n Joaqui n Valley , an

dVenturaCount

y Contro l District s hav e ver y simila r rul e provisions
. The

y all hav e limit s fo

r di e monome

r content o f general purpos e resin , specialt y resin , an

dclea r an dpigmente dgel coat
. Th e Sout h Coas t andVentur aCount

y regulation s hav e aseparat

e monome r content limit fo r hig h strengt

h polyeste r

resins
. A s a n alternativ e t o complyin g wit h amonome

r conten t limit , afacUit

y ca n choos e t o us e either vapor-suppresse dresin s wid i limite dVO C emissions , close dmoldsystems , o r contro l equipmen t

t o achiev e certai n emissio n reductions
. I n additio n t o th e materia l andproces s requirement s state dabove , all eight abov e mentionedregulation s requir e th e us e o f specifi c spray equipmen

t fo r spraying operations , an

dals o specif

y storag e andcleanin g materia l requirements
. PSAPCA' s Regulatio n I I Sectio n 3.0 8 cover s som e o f di e sam e provision s a s di e eight regulation s discusse dabove , such a s di e usag e o f specifi c spra

y equipment , storag e requirements , an

dcleanin g materia

l requirements
. However , PSAPCA doe s no t addres s monome r content , usag e o

f vapor-suppresse dresi n o r ge l coat , close dmol dsystems , o r add-o n contro l equipment
. Instead , Puget Sound' s regulatio n require s al l spra y operation s t o b e conducte dinside a

n enclosedare atha

t ha s adr y filter t o contro l overspray . Th e exhaus t from th e operatio n mus t

b e ventedto th e atmospher e throug h avertica

l stack
. Th e Stat e of Marylandonly addresse s th e resi n monome r content , di e typ e o f

spra y equipment , an

ddi e us e of

VO C cleanin g materials
.



### 26P.2 8

2. 5 REFERENCE S 1 . SP

I Composite s Instimte , Introductio n to Composite s Referenc e Handbook . 1992 . 2 . 199 2 Toxi c Releas e Inventor y System . 3 . Response s fro

m sectio n 11 4 screenin g survey sen tt o tiie reinforce d plasti c composite s industry . 1993 . 4 . Standar

d Industria

l Classificatio n Manual , Nationa l Technical Information Service . 1987 . 5 . Standar

d Industria

l Classificatio n Manual , Nationa l Technica l Information Service . 1972 . 6 . Memorandu

m fro m LaFlam , G . an

d Proctor , M. , Pacifi c Environmental Services , to Strum , M. , EPA/ESD/CCPG . Proces s Description s and Emissio n Points . Septembe

r 1995 . 7 . Th e Societ

y o f the Plastic s Industry , Inc. , Fact s & Figure s o f

di e U.S . Plastic s Industry . September 1994 . 8 . C . Randazzo , "Thi s i s anothe r yea r o f goo d news" . Reinforce d Plastic s newsletter . Volum e XIX , Numbe r 19 . September 18 , 1995 . 9 . Puge tSoun

d Ai r PoUutio n Contro l Agency . Regulatio n II , Sectio n 3.0 8 Polyester , Vinylester , Gelcoat , An d Resi n Operations . Septembe r 12 , 1993 . 10 . Ba y Are a Ai r Qualit y Managemen tDistrict . Regulatio n 8 Organi c Compounds , Rul e 5 0 Polyeste r Resin Operations . Decembe r 5 , 1990 . 11 . Sout

h CoastAi r Qualit

y Managemen tDistrict . Rul e 116 2 Polyeste r Resi n Operations . Ma

y 13 , 1994 . 12 . San Dieg o Ai r Pollutio n Contro l District . Regulatio n IV , Rul e 67.1 2 Polyeste r Resi n Operations . Apri l 6 , 1993 . 13 . Ventur

a Count y Ai r PoUutio n Contro l District . Rul e 74.1 4 Polyeste r Resi n Materia l Operations . Ma

y 26 , 1992 .

2 7P.2 9

14 . Marylan d Stat

e Ai r Laws , COMA R26.11.19.X X Contro l O f VO C Emission s Fro

m Reinforce d Plasti c Manufacturing . Draft. Jul y 13 , 1995 . 15 . Illinoi s Organi c Materia l Emissio n Standards , Tid e 3 5 Subtitl e B , Par t 21 8 Organi c Materia

l Emissio n Standard s an

d Limitations fo r th e Chicag o .Area. Marc

h 3,1994 . 16 . San Joaqui n Valle y Unifie d Ai r Pollutio n Contro l District . Rul e 468 4 Polyeste r Resin Operations . Ma

y 19,1994 . 17 . YOIO-SOIM O .Ai

r PoUution Contro l District . Regulatio n II , Rul e 2.3 0 Polyeste r Resi n Operations . Augus t25 , 1993 . 18 . Sant

a Barbar a Count y Ai r PoUutio n Contro l District . Rul e 34 9 Polyeste r Resi n Operations . Apri l 27 , 1993 .



### 2 8