2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix B B - 1

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Appendix B.

General Explanation and Census of Agriculture Report Form

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENSUS

REPORT FORMS

Before the release of the 2017 Census of Agriculture’s

results, NASS had already begun preparations for the 2022

Census of Agriculture. The 2022 Census Content Team

and the Data Collection Testing Teams evaluated the

content and report form design for the census. They

reviewed the 2017 report forms, solicited input from both

internal and external customers, and developed criteria for

determining acceptable content for inclusion in the 2022

Census of Agriculture. The teams tested the effectiveness

of the 2022 report forms in various modes of data

collection (mail, telephone, personal interview, and web)

and made recommendations to NASS senior executives for

final determination.

Throughout development NASS sought the advice and

input from the data user community. Integral partners

included the Advisory Committee on Agriculture

Statistics, State Departments of Agriculture and other State

government officials, Federal agency officials, land grant

universities, agricultural trade associations, media, and

various community-based organizations.

NASS conducted usability testing to assess the user

experience for the web report form in April and May 2020.

In addition, NASS conducted two rounds of cognitive

interviews for the paper report forms in April through

August 2020; one to test new and modified questions, and

one to test all sections of the report forms. In late 2020

through early 2021, NASS conducted a large-scale content

test (OMB No. 0535-0243) of the general census of

agriculture forms. This test began in late December 2020

when survey requests were mailed to a nationwide sample

of approximately 36,000 farm producers. The paper, web,

and telephone report forms were tested for question

phrasing, reporting of new commodities, form design and

flow, and respondent comprehension. Finally, in January

through March 2022, NASS conducted a 15,000 record test

of the web form to further evaluate the online submission

system and functionality. Testing results from these

activities helped determine final report form content and

design. A sample copy of the 2022 report form and

instruction sheet is included in this appendix.

DATA CHANGES

Following are descriptions of the report form changes and

their effect on the publication tables.

Crop Data Changes

Added items include:

 Gourds

 Gooseberries

 Hemp was added to both the nursery section and the

field crops section

 Longan

 Lychees

 Mulberries

 Parsnips

 Pawpaws

 Rambutan

Other changes include:

 Sod harvested or intended for sale in future years

replaced sod harvested to include sod in production

but not harvested.

 Vegetable seeds and Vegetable transplants to farm

fields moved from Propagative Material Sold to Food

Crops Grown Under Glass or Other Protection. Only

square feet under protection were collected for these

items.

 Vegetable seeds grown in the open were moved from

the Nursery section and reported under the specific

vegetable in the Vegetable section.

Items combined with another item(s) on the 2022 report

form that were reported individually on the 2017 report

form include:

 Black, red, and other raspberries were combined into

raspberries, all

 Summer and winter squash were combined into

squash (including zucchini)

 Sugarcane for sugar and sugarcane for seed were

combined into sugarcane for sugar or seed
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

 Sweet corn for seed in the field crops section was

combined into sweet corn in the vegetable section

 Temples are recorded under tangerines

 Cable, DSL, fiber optic were combined into broadband

(high speed) internet

Livestock and Poultry Data Changes

Added item includes:

 Hair sheep or wool-hair crosses inventory

Economic, Energy, Land Use Practices, Selected

Practices, Organic, Producer Characteristics, and

Type of Organization/Legal Status Data Changes

Added items include:

 Land with irrigation systems or equipment

 Precision agricultural practices

 Producers' involvement in marketing decisions

Deleted items include:

 Biodiesel and ethanol production systems

 Indication that a person is a principal operator or

spouse of a principal operator

 Number of acres irrigated in the past five years

DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS

The following definitions and explanations provide a

detailed description of specific terms and phrases used in

this publication. Items in the publication tables which carry

the note ‘‘see text’’ also are explained. Report form section

number references refer to the general version (22-A100).

Many of the definitions and explanations are the same as

those used in earlier censuses.

Acres and quantity harvested. Crops were reported in

whole acres, except for the following crops that were

reported in tenths of acres: tobacco, hops, nursery and

greenhouse crops in the open, vegetables including

potatoes and sweet potatoes, fruit and nut crops including

land in orchards, and berries. Totals for crops reported in

tenths of acres were rounded to whole acres at the

aggregate level during the tabulation process. Nursery and

greenhouse crops grown under glass or other protection

were reported in square feet and are published in square

feet.

If two or more crops were harvested from the same land

during the year (double cropping), the acres were counted

for each crop. Therefore, the total acres of all crops

harvested could exceed the acres of cropland harvested. No

double cropping is allowed for hay or fruit and nut crops.

When more than one cutting of hay was taken from the

same acres, the acres were counted only once. If there were

multiple cuttings of one type of hay production, e.g., two

cuttings of alfalfa for dry hay, acreage was reported once,

but the quantity harvested includes all cuttings. Acreage

cut and tons harvested for both dry hay and haylage, silage,

or greenchop were reported for each crop. For interplanted

crops or ‘‘skip-row’’ crops, acres were reported according

to the portion of the field occupied, whether by a crop or

whether it was idle land. If a crop was interplanted in an

orchard or vineyard and harvested, then the entire orchard

or vineyard acreage was reported under the appropriate

fruit crop and the interplanted estimated crop acreage was

reported under the appropriate crop.

If a crop was planted but not harvested, the acres were not

reported as harvested. These acres were reported in the

Land Use section on the report form under the appropriate

items – cropland on which all crops failed or were

abandoned, cropland in summer fallow, cropland idle or

used for cover crops orsoil-improvement but not harvested

and not pastured or grazed, or other pasture and grazing

land that could have been used for crops without additional

improvements. This does not include fruit and nut

orchards, vineyards, berries, acres in production for

cultivated Christmas trees, and acres in production for

short rotation woody crops that were not harvested.

Acreage in these commodities were included in cropland

harvested regardless of whether the crop was harvested.

Abandoned orchards were reported as cropland idle, not as

harvested cropland, and the individual abandoned orchard

crop acres were not reported.

Crops that were grazed by livestock were reported as

“Other pasture and grazing land that could have been used

for crops without additional improvements.” Crop residue

left in fields after the 2022 harvest and later grazed by

livestock were reported as cropland harvested and not as

other pasture or grazing land that could have been used for

crops.

Quantity harvested was not obtained for crops such as

fruits, nuts, berries, vegetables, melons, nursery crops, and

greenhouse crops.
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Agri-tourism and recreational services. See Total

income from farm-related sources.

Agricultural products sold directly to individuals for

human consumption. See Value of food sold directly to

consumers.

All haylage, grass silage, and greenchop (tons). See

Haylage, grass silage, and greenchop, all.

All producers. See Producer.

All other production expenses. See Total farm production

expenses.

American Indian and Alaska Native farm producers,

total. Data are reported in Chapter 1, tables 52 through 77

and Chapter 2, tables 45 and 49. In Chapter 2, table 49 data

are published for a maximum of four producers reported in

the Personal Characteristics section of the report form. The

individual producers were included on the census mail list

for most reservations. Those reservations that did not

include all the individual producers on the census mail list

were identified and the data for the entire reservation,

including the data for the producers that would have met

the definition of a farm, were collected on one report form.

The count of reservations and the number of producers that

were reported on these reservations are included in

Appendix A, Table D.

Amount from Conservation Reserve, Wetlands

Reserve, Farmable Wetlands, and Conservation

Reserve Enhancement Programs. See Land enrolled in

the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Wetlands

Reserve Program (WRP), Farmable Wetlands Program

(FWP), or Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program

(CREP).

Amount from State and local government agricultural

program payments. See Total income from farm-related

sources.

Amount spent to repay CCC loans. See also Commodity

Credit Corporation loans. Farming operations that receive

a CCC loan can use cash to repay the loan, purchase

certificates for use in the repayment, or deliver the pledged

collateral as full payment at maturity. If a farmer uses cash

instead of certificates to repay the loan, the farmer and the

IRS receive an information return showing the market gain

realized. The farmer can repay the loan to the CCC and

then sell the grain, feed the grain, or store it. These

provisions only apply until the maturity date of the loan.

After the maturity date of the loan, the entire original loan

principal and all accrued interest must be repaid or, as an

alternative choice, the crop may be forfeited to CCC.

Animal production and aquaculture (112). See Farms

by North American Industry Classification System

(NAICS).

Any poultry sold. The number of farms with any poultry

sold includes all farms with sales of poultry, poultry

hatched, or eggs.

Aquaculture. Aquaculture is defined as the farming of

fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other aquaculture

products. The aquaculture production reported in the

census requires some form of intervention in the rearing

process and requires inputs such as seeding, stocking,

feeding, protection from predators, etc. It also requires

ownership of the stock being cultivated and harvesting that

is conducted in a controlled environment by the operation.

The value of sales includes all sizes and eggs by species

and includes aquaculture distributed for restoration,

conservation, or recreational purposes, such as State and

Federal hatcheries. Distributed fish with unknown values

were assigned a value based on sales of farm-raised fish.

Aquaculture and other animal production (1125, 1129).

See Farms by North American Industry Classification

System (NAICS).

Aware of right to appeal an adverse program decision

to USDA's National Appeals Division. The National

Appeals Division (NAD) of the United States Department

of Agriculture (USDA) provides an independent forum

within USDA for program participants to seek

administrative appeals of adverse agency decisions.

Bantams. See Layers.

Bees. See Colonies of honey bees and Honey collected.

Berries, all. Refer to Land in berries.

Breeding livestock. See Total farm production expenses.

Broadband. This item is the number of farms that reported

using DSL, cable, or fiber optic connections to the internet.

By economic class. See Economic class of farms.

Cattle on feed. Cattle on feed are steers and heifers being

fed a ration of grain, silage, hay and/or protein supplement

for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass

that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being

"backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later

placement in another feedlot.

Cattle on feed sold. Data are for cattle on feed sold that

weighed 500 pounds or more that were shipped directly
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

from the feedlot to the slaughter market. This category

excludes cattle that were pastured only, owned cattle that

were shipped from feedlots operated by others,

background feeder cattle, and veal calves.

CCC loans. See Commodity Credit Corporation loans.

Cellular data plan. Mobile internet service for a cell

phone or other device. This includes counts of farm

operations that reported accessing the internet from a

mobile device, such as cell phone or tablet. In 2017 this

item was labeled mobile broadband plan for a computer or

a cell phone. This is a wording change only; data are

comparable.

Chemicals applied. For each type of chemical used, the

acres treated were reported only once even if the acres

were treated more than once. If multi-purpose chemicals

were used, the acres treated for each purpose were

reported. See Total farm production expenses; Chemicals.

Cherries. Cherries were reported as either sweet cherries

or tart cherries. Combined crops or non-specified cherry

acres were not options for the respondent. Total acres,

bearing age acres, and nonbearing age acres were reported

for each crop.

Christmas trees, cultivated. Data are for acres of

Christmas trees-cut or to be cut-in production, acres

irrigated, and number of trees cut. Sales data are included

in the Cut Christmas trees and short rotation woody crops

category.

Christmastrees, live. Data were reported as nursery stock

and include Christmas trees sold live, generally balled and

burlapped, from the operation.

Coffee. Data include trees grown in the open as well as

under shade or in greenhouses. Data for coffee relate to the

July 2021 through June 2022 harvest season.

Colonies of honey bees. Published colonies inventory is

the total number of colonies owned on December 31, 2022.

Bee operations with multiple locations reported inventory

on the location where the bees were present and the

inventory was tabulated in those counties. Inventories in

2022 were tabulated in the county where the operation had

the largest value of all agricultural products raised or

produced. Package bees were not included as separate

colonies.

Commodities raised and delivered under production

contracts. A production contract is an agreement between

a producer or grower and a contractor (integrator) setting

terms, conditions, and fees to be paid by the contractor to

the operation for the production of crops, livestock, or

poultry. The grower receives a payment or fee from the

contractor, generally after delivery, which is less than the

full market price of the commodity. A production contract

involves the shifting of some risk and control from the

grower to the contractor. Marketing contracts, futures

contracts, forward contracts, or other contracts based

strictly on price are not considered production contracts.

Commoditiessold to a co-op where some of the input items

were purchased from the same co-op at a discount price

were also excluded. Many operations produce

commodities only under production contracts or only

independently. Some operations may produce a

commodity under production contract and also produce

more of the same commodity that they sell independently.

The production contract data are totals for the portion of

agriculture production raised and delivered under

production contract. Crops and livestock inventory,

production, and value of sales are the total of all

production, both independent and raised under production

contract.

Custom fed cattle shipped directly for slaughter under a

production contract. Cattle under production contract

which were not shipped directly to slaughter were reported

in either Replacement dairy heifers under production

contract or in the Other cattle, sheep, livestock, or poultry

under production contract category.

Grains, oilseeds, vegetables, melons, potatoes, and other

crops under production contract. This category is the

number of farms that produced and delivered any crop

grown under a production contract. This item was reported

as three different categories (grains and oilseeds,

vegetables/melons/potatoes, and all other crops).

Layers under production contract. The production contract

is based on eggs, but the layers are owned by the contractor

and are also under contract. The layers are produced at the

pullet farm, which may have a separate production

contract.

Other cattle, sheep, livestock, or poultry under production

contract. The data for commodities raised and delivered

under a production contract include cattle which were not

shipped directly to slaughter (backgrounding), sheep,

livestock, and poultry not listed separately.

Commodity Credit Corporation loans. This category

includes nonrecourse marketing loans for wheat, corn,

sorghum, barley, oats, cotton, rice, soybeans, Austrian

winter peas, honey, dry edible peas, lentils, chickpeas,

peanuts, sunflower seed, flaxseed, canola and other

rapeseed, safflower, mustard seed, crambe, sesame seed,

wool, and mohair.
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Corn, Traditional or Indian. Traditional corn is an openpollinated (non-hybrid), non-GMO cultivar of Zea mays

that was indigenously developed and consists of many

heritage varieties of sizes, color, and drought tolerance.

Traditional corn grown on southwest reservations has been

passed from generation to generation through seed saving

by American Indian and Hispanic communities.

Traditional corn is culturally significant.

Cover crop seed purchased. See Total farm production

expenses.

Crop and livestock insurance payments received. See

Total income from farm-related sources.

Crop units of measure. The report form allowed the

producer to report the quantity of field crops harvested in a

unit of measure commonly used in the region. When the

producer reported in units different than the unit of

measure published, the quantity harvested was converted

to the published unit of measure.

Crop year or season covered. Acres and quantity

harvested are for the calendar year 2022 except for coffee.

Data for coffee relate to July 2021 through June 2022.

Cropland, harvested. See Harvested cropland.

Cropland idle or used for cover crops or soil

improvement but not harvested and not pastured or

grazed. Cropland idle includes any other acreage which

could have been used for crops without any additional

improvement and which was not reported as cropland

harvested, cropland on which all crops failed, cropland in

summer fallow, or other pasture or grazing land that could

have been used for crops without additional improvements.

This category includes:

1. Land used for cover crops or soil improvement but not

harvested or grazed.

2. Land in Federal or State conservation programs that

was not hayed or grazed in 2022.

3. Land occupied with growing crops for harvest in 2023

or later years but not harvested or summer fallowed in

2022 (except fruit or nuts in an orchard, grove, or

vineyard or berries being maintained for production).

Examples are acreage planted in winter wheat,

strawberries, etc., for harvest in 2023 and no crop was

harvested from these acres in 2022.

4. Land in “skipped” rows between rows of crops or field

strips.

Cropland in summer fallow. This includes cropland

cultivated or treated with herbicides to control weeds and

conserve moisture and not seeded or harvested in 2022. It

includes cropland summer fallowed in 2022 and planted to

a crop (i.e., winter wheat, etc.) for harvest in 2023.

Cropland, irrigated. See Irrigated land.

Cropland on which intensive tillage practices were

used. See Land use practices.

Cropland on which reduced tillage, excluding no-till,

practices were used. See Land use practices.

Cropland, other. See Other cropland.

Cropland, total. See Total cropland.

Cropland used only for pasture or grazing. See other

pasture and grazing land that could have been used for

crops without additional improvements.

Crustaceans. These are invertebrate animals with jointed

legs and a hard-shelled segmented body. Examples include

crawfish, lobster, prawns, shrimp, and softshell crabs.

Cultivated Christmas trees. See Christmas trees,

cultivated.

Custom fed cattle shipped directly for slaughter. See

Commodities raised and delivered under production

contract.

Customwork and custom hauling. See Total farm

production expenses.

Customwork and other agricultural services. See Total

income from farm-related sources.

Cuttings, seedlings, liners, and plugs. See Nursery,

greenhouse, floriculture, and sod.

Data are based on sample of farms. For censuses from

1987 through 2002, selected data items were collected

from only a sample of farms. These data were subject to

sampling error.

Depreciation expenses claimed. The calculation of total

farm production expenses does not include depreciation

because it is a capital expense. Depreciation allows the

expensing of capital purchases over multiple years. It is

not included in the calculation of Net cash farm income.

Dry edible beans, excluding chickpeas and limas. Dry

edible beans do not include chickpeas, dry lima beans, or
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

dry southern (black eyed/cowpeas).

Ducks, geese, and other miscellaneous poultry. See

Miscellaneous poultry.

Economic class of farms. Economic class data are the

classification of farms by the sum of market value of

agricultural products sold and Federal farm program

payments. See Total market value of agricultural products

sold and government payments. See Farms with sales and

government payments of less than $1,000.

Energy. See Renewable energy producing systems.

Equine products. This category includes horse breeding

fees, stud fees, semen, and other equine products and

excludes boarding, training and riding facilities income.

Expenses. See Total farm production expenses.

Farm or ranch producer. See Producer.

Farms by combined government payments and market

value of agricultural products sold. This category

represents the value of products sold plus government

payments. Total value of productssold combinestotalsales

not under production contract and total sales under

production contract. Government payments consist of

government payments received from the Conservation

Reserve Program (CRP), Wetlands Reserve Program

(WRP), Farmable Wetlands Program (FWP), or

Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) plus

government payments received from Federal programs

other than the CRP, WRP, FWP, and CREP, and

Commodity Credit Corporation loans.

Farms by economic class. See Economic class of farms

and Total market value of agricultural products sold and

government payments.

Farms by legal status. All farms were classified by legal

statusin the 2022 census. Thissection collects information

for federal tax purposes to determine an operation’s legal

status. The classifications used were:

1. Family or individual (sole proprietorship), excluding

partnership and corporation.

2. Partnership, including family partnership – in selected

tables, partnership was further subclassified into:

a. Registered under State law.

b. Not registered under State law.

3. Corporation, including family corporations - in

selected tables, corporation was further subclassified

into:

a. Family held or other than family held.

b. More than 10 stockholders.

4. Other - estate or trust, prison farm, grazing association,

American Indian reservation, etc.

Farms by North American Industry Classification

System (NAICS). The NAICS classifies economic

activities. It wasjointly developed by Mexico, Canada, and

the U.S. NAICS makes it possible to produce comparable

industrial statistics for Mexico, Canada, and the U.S. For

the 2022 census, all agricultural production establishments

(farms, ranches, nurseries, greenhouses, etc.) were

classified by type of activity or activities using the NAICS

code. The 2022 census is the sixth census to use NAICS.

Censuses prior to the 1997 census used the old Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) system to classify farms.

NAICS was developed to provide a consistent framework

for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of industrial

statistics used by government policy analysts, academia

and researchers, the business community, and the public. It

is the first industry classification system developed in

accordance with a single principle of aggregation that

production units using similar production processes should

be grouped together. Though NAICS differs from other

industry classification systems, statistics compiled on

NAICS are comparable with statistics compiled according

to the latest revision of the United Nations’ International

Standard Industrial Classification, Revision Four, (ISIC,

Revision 4) for some 60 high level groupings. Following

are explanations of the major classifications used in 2022.

Oilseed and grain farming (1111). Comprises

establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing oilseed

and/or grain crops and/or (2) producing oilseed and grain

seeds. These crops have an annual life cycle and are

typically grown in open fields. This category includes corn

silage and grain silage.

Vegetable and melon farming (1121). Comprises

establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the

following: (1) growing vegetables and/or melon crops, (2)

producing vegetable and melon seeds, and (3) growing

vegetable and/or melon bedding plants.

Fruit and tree nut farming (1113). Comprises

establishments primarily engaged in growing fruit and/or

tree nut crops. These crops are generally not grown from

seeds and have a perennial life cycle.
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production (1114).

Comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing

crops of any kind under cover and/or growing nursery

stock and flowers. ‘‘Under cover’’ is generally defined as

greenhouses, cold frames, cloth houses, and lath houses.

Crops grown are removed at various stages of maturity and

have annual and perennial life cycles. The category

includes short rotation woody crops and Christmas trees

that have a growing and harvesting cycle of 10 years or

less.

Other crop farming (1119). Comprises establishments

primarily engaged in (1) growing crops such as tobacco,

cotton, sugarcane, hay, sugarbeets, peanuts, agave, herbs

and spices, and hay and grass seeds, or (2) growing a

combination of the valid crops with no one crop or family

of crops accounting for one-half of the establishment’s

agricultural production (value of crops for market). Crops

not included in this category are oilseeds, grains,

vegetables and melons, fruits, tree nuts, greenhouse,

nursery and floriculture products.

All other crop farming (11199). Comprises establishments

primarily engaged in (1) growing crops (except oilseeds

and/or grains; vegetables and/or melons; fruits and/or tree

nuts; greenhouse, nursery, and/or floriculture products;

tobacco; cotton; sugarcane; or hay) or (2) growing a

combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s)

and grain(s)); and a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)

with no one crop or family of crops accounting for one-half

of the establishment’s agricultural production.

Animal production and aquaculture (112). Industries in the

Animal Production and Aquaculture subsector raise or

fatten animals for the sale of animals or animal products

and/or raise aquatic plants and animals in controlled or

selected aquatic environments for the sale of aquatic

plants, animals, or their products. The subsector includes

establishments, such as ranches, farms, and feedlots

primarily engaged in keeping, grazing, breeding, or

feeding animals. These animals are kept for the products

they produce or for eventual sale. The animals are

generally raised in various environments, from total

confinement or captivity to feeding on an open range

pasture. The industries in this subsector are grouped by

important factors, such as suitable grazing or pasture land,

specialized buildings, type of equipment, and the amount

and types of labor required. Establishments are classified

to the Animal Production and Aquaculture subsector when

animal production (i.e., value of animals for market)

accounts for one-half or more of the establishment's total

agricultural production. Establishments with one-half or

more animal production with no one animal product or

family of animal products of an industry accounting for

one half of the establishment's agricultural production are

treated as combination animal farming classified to

Industry 11299, All Other Animal Production.

Beef cattle ranching and farming (112111). Comprises

establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle

(including cattle for dairy herd replacements). Pasturelandonly farms, those with only 100 or more acres of

pastureland, were classified as “All other animal

production farming (11299).”

Cattle feedlots (112112). Comprises establishments

primarily engaged in feeding cattle for fattening.

Dairy cattle and milk production (11212). This industry

comprises establishments primarily engaged in milking

dairy cattle.

Hog and pig farming (1122). This industry comprises

establishments primarily engaged in raising hogs and pigs.

These establishments may include farming activities, such

as breeding, farrowing, and the raising of weanling pigs,

feeder pigs, or market size hogs.

Poultry and egg production (1123). This industry group

comprises establishments primarily engaged in breeding,

hatching, and raising poultry for meat or egg production.

Sheep and goat farming (1124). This industry group

comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising

sheep, lambs, and goats, or feeding lambs for fattening.

Aquaculture (1125). Comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the farm raising of finfish, shellfish, or any

other kind of animal aquaculture. These establishments use

some form of intervention in the rearing processto enhance

production, such as holding in captivity, regular stocking,

feeding, and protecting from predators.

Other animal production (1129). Comprises

establishments primarily engaged in raising animals and

insects (except cattle, hogs and pigs, poultry, sheep and

goats, and aquaculture) for sale or product production.

These establishments are primarily engaged in one of the

following: bees, horses and other equine, rabbits and other

fur-bearing animals, etc. and producing products such as

honey and other bee products. Establishments primarily

engaged in raising a combination of animals with no one

animal or family of animals accounting for one-half of the

establishment’s agricultural production are included in this

industry group. Farms with only 100 acres or more of

pastureland were classified as “All other animal

production farming (11299).”

Farms by number of households sharing in net income

of operation. Households that received funds because they
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were only landlords, custom equipment producers, or

provided other production services were not included.

Published data can exceed the number of producers listed

under Producers, all.

Farms by size. All farms were classified into size groups

according to the total land area in the farm. The land area

of a farm is an operating unit concept and includes land

owned and operated as well as land rented from others.

Land rented to or assigned to a tenant was considered part

of the tenant’s farm and not part of the owner’s.

Farms by tenure of producer. All farms were classified

by tenure of producers. The classifications used were:

 Full owners operated only land they owned.

 Part owners operated land they owned and also

land they rented from others.

 Tenants operated only land they rented from others

or worked on shares for others.

Farms with hired managers are classified according to the

land ownership characteristics reported. For example, a

corporation owns all the land used on the farm and hires a

manager to run the farm. The hired manager is considered

the farm producer, and the farm is classified with a tenure

type of “full owner” even though the hired manager owns

none of the land he/she operates.

Farms by typology group. The classifications were based

on two criteria: who owned the operation and gross cash

farm income (GCFI). GCFI included the producer’s sales

of crops and livestock, fees for delivering commodities

under production contracts, government payments, and

farm-related income. Family farms are defined by the

operation reporting more than 50 percent of this operation

was owned by an operator’s household and/or extended

family.

Small family farms. Farms defined by GCFI less than

$349,000.

Midsize family farms. Farms defined by GCFI between

$350,000 and $999,999.

Large family farms. Farms defined by GCFI between one

million and five million or more.

Non-family farms. Farms defined as the producer and

personsrelated to the producer do not own a majority of the

business.

Farms by type of organization. The data categorizes an

operation’s ownership.

Operation more than 50 percent owned by one producer’s

household and/or extended family. The data are used to

measure the producers’ ownership interest in the

organization. This item is operations with 50 percent or

more ownership interest held by operator and/or persons

related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Limited Liability Company. This type of farm structure

combines the pass-through taxation of a partnership or sole

proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation.

Farms by value of sales. See Market value of agricultural

products sold.

Farms or farms reporting. The terms ‘‘farms’’ and

‘‘farms reporting’’ in the presentation of data are

equivalent. Both represent the number of farms reporting

the item. For example, if there are 3,710 farms in a State

and 842 of them had 28,594 cattle and calves, the data for

those farms reporting cattle and calves would appear as:

Cattle and calves farms . . . . . 842

number . . . 28,594

Farms with sales and government payments of less than

$1,000. This category includes farms with combined sales

and government payments of less than $1,000 but having

the potential for sales of $1,000 or more. It provides

information on all items for farms that normally would be

expected to sell agricultural products of $1,000.

Farms with sales of less than $1,000. This category

includes farms with sales of less than $1,000 but having the

potential for sales of $1,000 or more. Some of these farms

had no sales in the census year. It provides information on

all report form items for farms that normally would be

expected to sell agricultural products of $1,000 or more.

Fertilizer. See Total farm production expenses; Fertilizer,

lime, and soil conditioners.

Field and grass seed crops, all. Data are for all the field

and grass seed crops not published as field crops and

include field seed crops which did not have a specific code

on the 2022 report form.

Food marketing practices. This section consists of sales

of edible agricultural products that are both produced and

sold by the operation directly to consumers (farmers

markets, on farm stores or farm stand, roadside stands or

stores, u-pick, CSA, online marketplaces, etc.) or retail

markets, institutions, or food hubs for local or regionally

branding. Retail and institutional establishments include

supermarkets, supercenters, restaurants, caterers,

independently owned grocery stores, food cooperatives, K12 schools, colleges or universities, hospitals, workplace
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

cafeterias, prisons, foodbanks, etc.

Forage - land used for all hay and all haylage, grass

silage, and greenchop. Data shown represent the area

harvested with each acre counted only once if dry hay,

haylage, grass silage, or greenchop were cut from the same

acreage or if there were multiple cuttings of dry hay,

haylage, grass silage, or greenchop. Data exclude corn

silage and sorghum silage. Quantity produced is the sum of

the quantity harvested of all hay including alfalfa, other dry

hay, and all haylage, grass silage and greenchop after

converting the all haylage, grass silage, and greenchop

quantity harvested to a dry equivalent basis (13 percent

moisture). The green tons of all haylage, grass silage, and

greenchop harvested were multiplied by a factor of 0.4943

to convert to a dry equivalent. This conversion factor is

based on the assumption that one ton of dry hay is 0.87 ton

of dry matter, one ton of haylage or grass silage is 0.45 ton

dry matter, and one ton of greenchop is 0.25 ton dry matter.

The all haylage, grass silage, and greenchop quantity

harvested is assumed to be comprised of 90 percent

haylage and grass silage and 10 percent greenchop.

Therefore, the conversion factor used to adjust all haylage,

grass silage, and greenchop quantity harvested to a dry

equivalent basis = [(0.45*0.9)+(0.25*0.1)]/0.87 = 0.4943.

Fruits and tree nuts. Total acres, bearing age acres, and

nonbearing age acres were collected.

Geothermal/geoexchange systems. See Renewable

energy producing systems.

Gooseberries. This is a new item for 2022. In 2017,

gooseberries were reported in other berries.

Gourds. This is a new item for 2022. In 2017, gourds were

reported in other vegetables.

Government payments. This category consists of

payments from Conservation Reserve Program (CRP),

Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), Farmable Wetlands

Program (FWP), and Conservation Reserve Enhancement

Program (CREP); loan deficiency payments; disaster

payments; other conservation programs; and all other

Federal farm programs under which payments were made

directly to farm producers, including those specified in the

2018 Agricultural Act (Farm Bill), including Agriculture

Risk Coverage (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC).

Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) proceeds, amount

from State and local government agricultural program

payments, and Federal crop insurance payments were not

tabulated in this category.

Grain and bean combines. Data were collected for selfpropelled combines only.

Grains, oilseeds, dry beans, and dry peas sales. Data are

for the total market value of cash grains sold, including

corn for grain, seed, or silage; wheat for grain; soybeans

for beans; sorghum for grain, seed, or silage; barley for

grain; rice; oatsfor grain; and other grains. Also included is

the total market value of cash oilseeds sold, including

sunflower seed (oil and non-oil), flaxseed, canola,

rapeseed, safflower seed, mustard seed, dry beans, and dry

peas.

Grains, oilseeds, vegetables, melons, potatoes, and

other crops. See Commodities raised and delivered under

production contracts.

Grapes (including muscadine). This was updated in 2022

for clarification that muscadine grapes should be included.

It is a wording change only; data are comparable.

Greenhouse fruits and berries. Data include

strawberries, raspberries, etc. grown in greenhouses and

high tunnels where the crops were always covered. See

Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod.

Gross cash rent or share payments. See Total income

from farm-related sources.

Hair sheep or wool-hair crosses. This is a new item for

2022.

Harvested cropland. This category includes land from

which crops were harvested and hay was cut, land used to

grow short rotation woody crops, Christmas trees, and land

in orchards, groves, vineyards, berries, nurseries, and

greenhouses. Land from which two or more crops were

harvested was counted only once. Land in tapped maple

trees was included in woodland not pastured. The 2022

census definition for harvested cropland is the same as the

2017 definition.

Hay - all hay including alfalfa, and other dry. Data

shown represent the acreage and quantity harvested of all

types of dry hay. The quantity harvested was reported in

dry tons (dry weight at the time the hay was removed from

the field for storage or feeding). If two or more cuttings of

dry hay were made from the same field, the acreage was

reported only once as acres harvested of the appropriate

dry hay category but the production from all dry hay

cuttings was combined in the corresponding quantity

harvested. Straw acreage and production are excluded.

If dry hay was cut from the same land that haylage, grass

silage, or greenchop was cut, the acreage and production

for the dry hay was reported in the appropriate category of

dry hay and the acreage and production for haylage, grass

silage, or greenchop was reported in the appropriate
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haylage, grass silage, or greenchop category. For example,

if 20 acres of alfalfa were cut for hay and then the same

land was used to produce alfalfa haylage, 20 acres and the

quantity harvested of hay were reported as Alfalfa and

alfalfa mixtures for dry hay and 20 acres and the quantity

harvested of alfalfa haylage were reported as Haylage or

greenchop from alfalfa or alfalfa mixtures.

Hay, other dry hay. Data shown represent acreage and dry

tons of hay harvested from clover, fescue, lespedeza,

timothy, Bermuda grass, Sudangrass, sorghum hay, and

other types of legumes (excluding alfalfa) and tame

grasses. Data include small grains harvested for hay

including barley, oats, rye, and wheat as well as wild hay.

Haylage, grass silage, and greenchop, all. Data shown

represent the acreage and quantity harvested of all types

(alfalfa and all other haylage, grass silage, and greenchop).

The quantity harvested was reported in green tons. If two

or more cuttings of haylage, grass silage, or greenchop

were made from the same field, the acreage wasreported as

acres harvested in the appropriate haylage category only

once, and the tonnage from all cuttings was combined in

the corresponding quantity harvested. Straw acreage and

production is excluded.

Hemp. In 2022, hemp was added to the field crops and

nursery sections. Hemp previously would have been

reported in other nursery or field crops. Hemp was asked

based on utilization of the crop. In the field crops section,

four utilizations were asked: 1) hemp for fiber, 2) hemp for

floral (CBD and other cannabinoid usage), 3) hemp for

grain, and 4) other hemp usage. In the nursery section,

three categories were asked: 1) hemp clones or transplants

sold for transplant to others, 2) hemp complete grows, and

3) hemp seeds. In 2017 and prior years, hemp was included

in other crops.

Hired farm labor. Data are for total hired farm workers,

including paid family members, by number of days

worked. Data exclude contract laborers.

Hired managers. A hired manager is someone who

receives a wage to manage the farm operation. Up to four

hired managers were reported for each farm operation.

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Producers of

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin are found in all of the

racial groups listed in the census and were tabulated

according to the race reported, as well as on tables

pertaining only to this group.

Hogs and pigs by type of operation. Hog and pig farms

were classified by primary type of operation. Operation

types were farrow to wean, farrow to feeder, farrow to

finish, nursery, finish only, and other. Each description was

accepted and the reported inventory and sales data were

assigned to each reported type.

Hogs and pigs by type of producer. Hog and pig farms

were classified by one type of producer. Producer types

were independent grower, contractor or integrator, and

contract grower (contractee). Each description was

accepted and the reported inventory and sales data were

assigned to each reported type.

Honey collected. Data are for pounds of honey collected

but not necessarily sold. See Colonies of honey bees.

Income. Net cash farm income is published for the

operation and producer. See Net cash farm income of the

operations and Net cash farm income of the producers.

Income from farm-related sources. See Total income

from farm-related sources.

Institutional, research, experimental, and American

Indian Reservation farms. Data for these farms are

combined into a single category. Research farms include

farms operated by private companies as well as those

operated by universities, colleges, and government

organizations for the purpose of expanding agricultural

knowledge.

Internet access. This item is the number of farms that

reported using personal computers, laptops, or mobile

devices (e.g., cell phones or tablets) to access the internet.

This can be done using services such as broadband, dialup, cellular , satellite, or other methods.

Involvement in decisionmaking. Questions were asked

about each producer’s involvement in farm-related

decisions, including day-to-day decisions, land use and/or

crop decisions, livestock decisions, record keeping and/or

financial management, and estate planning or succession

planning. Marketing decisions were added in 2022.

Irrigated farms. In 2017, this item was referred to as the

number of farms with irrigation. This is a wording change

only; data are comparable.

Irrigated land. This category includes all land watered by

any artificial or controlled means, such as sprinklers,

flooding, furrows or ditches, sub-irrigation, and spreader

dikes. Included are supplemental, partial, and preplant

irrigation. Each acre was counted only once regardless of

the number of times it was irrigated or harvested. If an

operation reported less than one acre irrigated, the irrigated

land for the operation was rounded to one acre. Livestock

lagoon wastewater distributed by sprinkler or flood
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systems was also included.

Land area, approximate. The approximate land area

represents the total land area as determined by records and

calculations as of January 1, 2022. The proportion of land

area in farms may exceed 100 percent because some

operations have land in two or more counties, but all acres

are tabulated in the principal county of operation. The

approximate land area data were supplied by the U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. See Land

in two or more counties.

Land enrolled in crop insurance programs. The data are

for all land enrolled in any Federal, private, or other crop

insurance program. It includes acreage of

pasture/rangeland enrolled in crop insurance programs in

areas where it is provided.

Land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program

(CRP), Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), Farmable

Wetlands Program (FWP), or Conservation Reserve

Enhancement Program (CREP). CRP is a program

established by the USDA in 1985 that takes land prone to

erosion out of production for 10 to 15 years and devotes it

to conservation uses. In return, farmers receive an annual

rental payment for carrying out approved conservation

practices on the conservation acreage. The WRP, FWP, and

CREP programs are included under the Conservation

Reserve Program.

Operations with land enrolled in the CRP, WRP, FWP, or

CREP were counted as farms, given they received $1,000

or more in government payments, even if they had no sales

and otherwise lacked the potential to have $1,000 or more

in sales.

Land in berries. Data are for total land in berries,

including land on which all berry crops failed.

Respondents reported bearing age acres and nonbearing

acres by individual berry crops.

Land in farms. The acreage designated as ‘‘land in farms’’

consists primarily of agricultural land used for crops,

pasture, or grazing. It also includes woodland and

wasteland not actually under cultivation or used for pasture

or grazing, provided it was part of the farm producer’s total

operation. Large acreages of woodland or wasteland held

for nonagricultural purposes were deleted from individual

reports during the edit process. Land in farms includes

CRP, WRP, FWP, and CREP acres.

Land in farms is an operating unit concept and includes

land owned and operated as well as land rented from

others. Land used rent free was reported as land rented

from others. All grazing land, except land used under

government permits on a per-head basis, was included as

‘‘land in farms’’ provided it was part of a farm or ranch.

Land under the exclusive use of a grazing association was

reported by the grazing association and included as land in

farms. All land in American Indian reservations used for

growing crops, grazing livestock, or with the potential of

grazing livestock was included as land in farms. Land in

reservations not reported by reservation, individual

American Indians, or non-Native Americans was reported

in the name of the cooperative group that used the land. In a

few instances, an entire American Indian reservation was

reported as one farm.

Land in orchards. This category includes land in bearing

age and nonbearing age fruit trees, citrus or other groves,

vineyards, and nut trees of all ages, including land on

which all fruit crops failed. Respondents also reported

bearing age acres and nonbearing age acres by individual

fruit and nut crops.

Land in two or more counties. With few exceptions, the

land in each farm was tabulated as being in the producer’s

principal county. The principal county was defined as the

one where the largest value of agricultural products was

raised or produced. It was usually the county containing all

or the largest proportion of the land in the farm or viewed

by the respondent as his/her principal county. Reports

received showing land in more than one county were

separated into two or more reports if the data would

substantially distort county totals.

Land use practices. Includes all agricultural land used for

the production of agricultural commodities.

Drained by tile. Tile drainage is a practice that removes

excess water from the soils subsurface.

Artificially drained by ditches. A field ditch installed for

surface drainage for collecting excess surface or

subsurface water in a field.

Conservation easement. A conservation easement is a legal

agreement voluntarily entered into by a property owner

and a qualified conservation organization such as a land

trust or government agency. This category excludes land in

CRP (Conservation Reserve Program) acres.

No-till practices used. Using no-till or minimum till is a

practice used for weed control and helps reduce weed seed

germination by not disturbing the soil.

Conservation or reduced tillage. Conserves the soil by

reducing erosion and decreasing water pollution.

Conservation tillage leaves 30 percent or more of the soil

surface covered by crop residue after planting. Reduced
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tillage leaves between 15 percent and up to 30 percent of

the soil surface covered. In 2017, this category was labeled

reduced (conservation tillage). This is a wording change

only; data are comparable.

Intensive or conventional tillage. Refers to tillage

operations that use standard practices which leaves less

than 15 percent of the soil surface covered by crop residue.

Intensive tillage often involves multiple operations with

implements such as moldboard, disk, or chisel plow. In

2017, this category was labeled as intensive (conventional

tillage). This is a wording change only; the data are

comparable.

Cover crop. A crop planted primarily to manage soil

fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, or

wildlife. This item does not include CRP acres.

Land used for vegetables. Data are for the total land used

for vegetable and melon crops. The acres were reported

only once, even though two or more harvests of a vegetable

or more than one vegetable were harvested from the same

acres. Respondents also reported harvested acres, acres

harvested for fresh market, and acres harvested for

processing by individual vegetable crops.

Land with irrigation systems or equipment present.

This was a new question in 2022. Land includes acres

irrigated in 2022 and acres that were not irrigated in 2022

but could have been irrigated, regardless of water rights.

Landlord’s share of the total sales. Data represent the

share of the operation’s total sales that went to landlord(s).

Layers. This category includes table-egg type layers,

hatching layers for meat-types, hatching layers for table

egg types, and reported bantams.

Legal status for tax purposes. See Farms by legal status.

Less than $1,000. See Farms with sales and government

payments of less than $1,000.

Livestock and poultry purchased or leased. See Total

farm production expenses; Livestock and poultry

purchased or leased.

Longan. Thisis a new item for 2022. In 2017, longan were

reported in other non-citrus fruit.

Lychees. This is a new item for 2022. In 2017, lychees

were reported in other non-citrus fruit.

Maple syrup. Data are for the number of taps set, syrup

produced, and value of sales.

Market value of agricultural products sold. This

category represents the gross market value before taxes

and production expenses of all agricultural products sold or

removed from the place in 2022, regardless of who

received the payment. It is equivalent to total sales and it

includes sales by the producers as well as the value of any

shares received by partners, landlords, contractors, or

others associated with the operation. It includes value of

organic sales, direct sales and the value of commodities

placed in the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) loan

program. Market value of agricultural products sold does

not include payments received for participation in other

Federal farm programs. It does not include income from

farm-related sources such as customwork and other

agricultural services, or income from nonfarm sources.

The value of crops sold in 2022 does not necessarily

represent the sales from crops harvested in 2022. Data may

include sales from crops produced in earlier years and may

exclude some crops produced in 2022 but held in storage

and not sold. For commodities such as sugarbeets and wool

sold through a co-op that made payments in several

installments, respondents were requested to report the total

value received in 2022.

The value of agricultural products sold was requested of all

producers. If the producers failed to report this

information, estimates were made based on the amount of

crops harvested, livestock or poultry inventory, or number

sold. Caution should be used when comparing sales in the

2022 census with sales reported in earlier censuses. Sales

figures are expressed in current dollars and have not been

adjusted for inflation or deflation. See Farms with sales

and government payments of less than $1,000.

Market value of agricultural products sold and

government payments. See Total market value of

agricultural products sold and government payments.

Medical supplies, veterinary, and custom services for

livestock. This category includes fees for medical

supplies, veterinary care, and custom services such as

artificial insemination (AI), banding, breeding fees,

caponizing, carcass removal, castrating, custom feed

processing, hormone injections, performance testing,

pregnancy testing, seining, sheep shearing, and other such

care. This category excludes manure removal. See Total

farm production expenses.

Methane digesters. See Renewable energy producing

systems.

Migrant farm labor on farms reporting only contract

labor. Data are for those operations that did not have hired

farm workers but reported that they did have migrant
2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix B B - 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

contract workers on their operation in 2022.

Migrant farm labor on farms with hired labor.

Producers were asked whether any hired or contract

workers were migrant workers. A migrant farm worker is a

farm worker whose employment required travel that

prevented the worker from returning to his/her permanent

place of residence the same day.

Migrant workers, total. Data are for total migrant farm

workers whose employment requires travel that prevents

the worker from returning to his or her permanent place of

residence the same day.

Military service. A producer with military service is a

person who currently or previously served on active duty in

the U.S. Armed Forces. For publication purposes, two

categories are included in the personal characteristics

tables 1) Never served or only on active duty for training in

the Reserves or National Guard, 2) Active duty now or in

the past. The categories in 2017 were: Never served and

Served. This is a wording change only; data are

comparable.

Mink, live. The data are for inventory and sales of live

mink. Number of farms producing mink pelts are included

in livestock products.

Miscellaneous poultry. Data are for poultry other than

chickens or turkeys. Data are published in Chapter 2, table

20.

Misreported or miscoded crops. In a few cases, data may

have been reported on the wrong line, in the wrong section,

or the wrong crop code may have been assigned to a writein crop code. A few of these errors may not have been

identified and corrected during processing which resulted

in rare cases of inaccurately tabulated data. Reports with

significant acres of unusual crops for the area were

examined to minimize the possibility that they were in

error.

Mollusks. These are invertebrate animals with a soft body

covering and shells of 1-18 parts or sections. Examples

include abalones, clams, mussels, oysters, and snails. See

Aquaculture.

More than one race reported. This category represents

producers who reported more than one race on the census

form.

Mulberries. This is a new item for 2022. In 2017,

mulberries were reported in other berries.

Mushroom spawn. Respondents reported only sales;

growing area was not summarized.

Mushrooms. All mushroom crops were considered grown

under glass or other protection and no mushroom data were

published as area in the open. Those reporting mushrooms

grown in the open area were converted to an equivalent

area of square feet under protection proportional to their

sales.

NAICS. See Farms by North American Industry

Classification System (NAICS).

Net cash farm income of the operations. This concept is

derived by subtracting total farm expenses from total sales,

government payments, and other farm-related income.

Depreciation is not used in the calculation of net cash farm

income. Net cash farm income of the operation includes

the value of commodities produced under production

contract by the contract growers.

For publication purposes, farms are divided into two

categories:

1. Farms with net gains (includes those operations that

broke even).

2. Farms with net losses.

Net cash farm income of producers. This value is the

producers’ total revenue (fees for producing under a

production contract, total sales not under a production

contract, government payments, and farm-related income)

minus total expenses paid by the producers. Net cash farm

income of the producer includes the payments received for

producing under a production contract and does not

include value of commodities produced under production

contract by the contract growers. Depreciation is not used

in the calculation of net cash farm income.

For publication purposes, farms are divided into two

categories:

1. Farms with net gains (includes those producers that

broke even).

2. Farms with net losses.

New and beginning producers. It includes producers

operating on any operation for 10 years or less. They may

be on farms with producers who are not beginning

producers.

Noncitrus fruit, all. This is a summation of all acres

reported in the commodities defined as noncitrus such as

apples, grapes, and plums.
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Number of female producers. This item is the total count

of female producers involved in decisions for the operation

reported by the respondent. Detailed demographic data are

only available for up to four producers per farm operation.

Number of male producers. This item is the total count of

male producers involved in decisions for the operation

reported by the respondent. Detailed demographic data are

only available for up to four producers per farm operation.

Number of persons living in producers’ households.

This is the count of people living in the households of the

producers on the farm. If producers on the farm are living

in the same household, the count is not duplicated for each

producer.

Number of producers. This item is the total count of

producers involved in decisions for the operation reported

by the respondent. Detailed demographic data are only

available for up to four producers per farm operation.

Nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod. Data are for

total square feet under protection and acres in the open.

Individual crop data were collected for area under glass or

other protection, area in the open, and sales of aquatic

plants, floriculture and bedding crops, nursery crops, sod,

propagative materials, food crops grown under protection,

and mushroom crops. Total sales data are the summation of

all crops.

Nursery stock crops. Data include ornamentals, shrubs,

shade trees, flowering trees, evergreens, live Christmas

trees, fruit and nut trees and plants, vines, palms,

ornamental grasses, and bare root herbaceous perennials.

Nuts, all. Data include all nut trees.

Occupation. See Producer characteristics.

Operation more than 50 percent owned by one

producer's household and/or extended family. See

Farms by type of organization.

Operations legal status for tax purposes. See Farms by

legal status.

Oranges, all. All oranges are a summation of Valencia

oranges and Other than Valencia oranges. Total acres,

bearing age acres, and nonbearing age acres were collected

by category.

Oranges, other than Valencia – include Navel. This

includes all oranges other than Valencia type.

Organic agriculture. Respondents were instructed to

indicate if they had organic production according to

USDA’s National Organic Program (NOP). Respondents

reported whether their organic production was certified or

exempt from certification and the sales from NOP

produced commodities. They also reported whether they

had acres transitioning into NOP production and the value

of sales of USDA NOP certified or exempt organically

produced commodities. Also see Total organic product

sales.

Organic fertilizer used. These are the acres of cropland

or pastureland on which approved organic fertilizers were

applied.

Organic value of sales. See Total organic product sales.

Ornamental fish. This category includes various fish

raised for water gardens, aquariums, etc. Examples include

angel fish, guppies, koi, ornamental goldfish, and tropical

fish. The value of sales was tabulated for each specified

species.

Other animals and other animal products sold. This

category includes number of farms and value of sales for

all animals and animal products not listed elsewhere on

that specific table.

Other aquaculture products. This category includes

aquaculture not listed separately. Examples include the

production of alligators, frogs, leeches, eels, live rock,

salamanders, and turtles.

Other berries. This includes other berry varieties that

were not pre-printed in the report form. In 2017, this

category included gooseberries and mulberries which are

reported separately in 2022. Data are not directly

comparable.

Other cattle. Data include heifers that had not calved,

steers, calves, and bulls.

Other cattle, sheep, livestock, or poultry. See

Commodities raised and delivered under production

contract.

Other citrus. Data relate to any citrus crop not having a

specific code on the report form.

Other cropland. This includes all cropland other than

harvested cropland or other pasture and grazing land that

could have been used for crops without additional

improvements. It includes cropland idle or used for cover

crops or soil improvement, cropland on which all crops

failed or were abandoned, and cropland in summer fallow.
2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix B B - 15

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Other crops. In Chapter 2, table 27, Other crops data relate

to any field crops that did not have a specific code in the

field crops section of the report form.

Other crops and hay. Data are for the total market value

of all crops not categorized into one of the prelisted crop

sales categories on the report form. This category includes

crops such as grass seed, hay and grass silage, haylage,

greenchop, hops, maple syrup, mint for oil, peanuts,

sugarcane, sugarbeets, etc.

Other dry hay. See Hay, other dry.

Other farm related income sources. See Total income

from farm-related sources.

Other field and grass seed crops. Data relate to any field

or grass seed crop not having a specified code on the report

form.

Other floriculture and bedding crops. Data relate to any

floriculture and bedding crops not having a specific code

on the report form.

Other food fish. Data are for fish, other than catfish and

trout, raised on farms primarily for food. Examples include

hybrid striped bass, perch, salmon, sturgeon, and tilapia.

Other greenhouse vegetables and fresh cut herbs. This

category includes vegetable crops, other than tomatoes,

that were grown under protection and fresh cut herbs

grown under protection.

Other land. This category includes land in house lots, barn

lots, ponds, roads, ditches, wasteland, etc. It includes those

acres in the farm operation not classified as cropland,

pastureland, or woodland. See Land in farms.

Other livestock. This category includes all livestock not

having specific codes on the 2022 report form. In addition,

package bees; bees, other than honey or package bees;

laboratory animals; and worms are included. See Other

animals and other animal products sold.

Other livestock and poultry purchased or leased. See

Total farm production expenses.

Other livestock products. Data for this category include

the number of farms that sold livestock products that did

not have a specific code on the 2022 report form. In

addition, beeswax, breeding fees, embryos, fur or pelts,

horns, manure sold, and semen are included in this

category. Data are for farms with production, not

necessarily sold.

Other noncitrus fruit. Data relate to any noncitrus fruit

not having a specific code on the census report form. Data

are not directly comparable because several fruits were

listed individually in 2022 and not included in other

noncitrus item.

Other nuts. This category includes any nut crop not

having a specific code on the report form.

Other pasture and grazing land that could have been

used for crops without additional improvements. This

category includes land used only for pasture or grazing that

could have been used for crops without additional

improvement. Also included are acres of crops grazed by

livestock, but not harvested prior to grazing. However,

cropland that was pastured before or after crops were

harvested in 2022 was included as harvested cropland

rather than cropland for pasture or grazing.

Other poultry. Data are for other poultry not having a

specific code on the report form.

Other spring wheat for grain. Other spring wheat for

grain was sometimes referred to as spring wheat for grain.

Spring wheat is consistently referred to as other spring

wheat for grain. See also Wheat for grain.

Other vegetables. Data shown for other vegetables relate

to any vegetable not having a specific code on the census

form.

Patronage dividends. See Total income from farm-related

sources.

Parsnips. This is a new item for 2022. In 2017, parsnips

were reported in other vegetables.

Payments received by the contractee for commodities

produced under production contract. These data show

the number of farms and the dollar amount the contractees

received from contractors for commodities produced under

contract. This is not the market value of the commodities

delivered, but the payment or fee the producers received

for commodities delivered.

Pawpaws. This is a new item for 2022. In 2017, pawpaws

were reported in other non-citrus fruit.

Peacocks and peahens. Peacocks and peahens were

reported as other poultry.

Peaches, all. Data were collected for pears as, Peaches,

clingstone and Peaches, freestone, in all States including

Hawaii.
B - 16 Appendix B 2022 Census of Agriculture

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Pears, all. Data were collected for Pears as, Bartlett and

Pears, other than Bartlett in all States including Hawaii.

Peas, green. Excludes all dry peas which were collected in

the field crop section. Also excluded are Chinese peas and

southern peas which were reported separately.

Peas, southern (cowpeas) – blackeyed, crowder, etc.

Excludes dry peas which were collected in the field crops

section.

Pecans, all. All pecans are a summation of Pecans,

improved and Pecans, native and seedling. Total acres,

bearing acres, and nonbearing acres were collected by

category.

Pecans, improved. Improved pecans are varieties that

have been genetically altered through breeding and

grafting techniques to produce more nuts, and nuts with a

greater percentage of nut meat. See Pecans, all.

Pecans, native and seedlings. Native pecans are varieties

that developed under natural conditions. Seedling pecans

are produced from seed (the nut) and have not been budded

or grafted. See Pecans, all.

Peppers, Bell (excluding pimientos). Pimientos were

reported as Other vegetables.

Peppers, other than Bell (including chile). The data

include all other peppers including chile. Pimientos were

reported as Other vegetables.

Permanent pasture and rangeland, other than cropland

and woodland pastured. This land use category

encompasses grazable land that does not qualify as

woodland pasture or cropland pasture. It may be irrigated

or dry land. In some areas, it can be a high quality pasture

that could not be cropped without improvements. In other

areas, it is barely able to be grazed and is only marginally

better than wasteland.

Plumcots, pluots, and other plum-apricot hybrids. This

category includes everything that is not a plum or prune.

Pluot is a registered trademark of plumcots, which are

genetic crosses between plums and apricots.

Potatoes. Potato acres are included in the vegetable acres.

Data are for total acres harvested, acres harvested for fresh

market, and acres harvested for processing. Production

was not collected.

Poultry hatched. This category includes all poultry

hatched on the operation during the year. The number of

poultry hatched is published under the sales heading.

Poultry, other. See Other poultry.

Precision agriculture. See Use of precision agriculture

practices.

Primary occupation of producer. Data on primary

occupation were obtained from up to four producers per

farm. The primary occupation classifications used were:

1. Farm or ranch work. The producer spent 50 percent

or more of his/her worktime during 2022 farming or

ranching.

2. Other. The producer spent less than 50 percent of

his/her worktime during 2022 farming or ranching.

Producer. The term producer designates a person who is

involved in making decisions for the farm operation.

Decisions may include decisions about such things as

planting, harvesting, livestock management, and

marketing. The producer may be the owner, a member of

the owner’s household, a hired manager, a tenant, a renter,

or a sharecropper. If a person rents land to others or has

land worked on shares by others, he/she is considered the

producer only of the land which is retained for his/her own

operation. The census collected information on the total

number of male producers, the total number of female

producers, and demographic information for up to four

producers per farm.

Producer characteristics. Producers(up to four producers

per farm) were asked to report primary occupation, sex,

age, race, if they were of Hispanic, Latino or Spanish

origin, place of residence, if retired from farming, number

of days worked off farm, year in which his/her operation of

the farm began, year began operating any farm, if they

were a hired manager, if they had military service, and the

number of persons living in their households. In addition,

the total number of male and female producers was

collected from each operation.

Producers, number. Demographic and other information

were collected for up to four producers per farm. This may

be fewer than the total number of producers on some farms.

Production contracts. See Commodities raised and

delivered under production contracts.

Production expenses. See Total farm production

expenses.

Pullets for laying flock replacement. Data are for pullet

inventory and the number sold or moved for laying flock

replacement.
2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix B B - 17

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Rabbits, live. The data are for inventory and sales of live

rabbits. The number of rabbit pelts is included in Other

livestock products.

Race of producer. With the exception of Hawaii, data

were collected for American Indian and Alaska Native,

Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and

Other Pacific Islander, and White producers. Respondents

were asked to mark one or more of the race categories. In

Hawaii producer race data were collected for American

Indian (included Alaska Native), Chinese, Filipino,

Japanese, Korean, Other Asian, Black or African

American, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, and

White. The combination of Native Hawaiian and Other

Pacific Islander is equivalent to the Native Hawaiian or

Other Pacific Islander category on the other forms. The

combination of the Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean,

and Other Asian categories is equivalent to the Asian

category on the other forms. The Volume 1, Geographic

Area Series, U.S. Summary publication only displays

counts for the categories of Native Hawaiian and Other

Pacific Islander and Asian. Data for the 11 Hawaii race

categories are published in chapter 2 of the Hawaii

publication of the Volume 1 series.

Rambutan. This is a new item for 2022. In 2017,

rambutan were reported in other non-citrus fruit.

Raspberries, all. In 2022, data for black, red, and other

raspberries were combined and reported as raspberries, all.

Data are comparable to 2017.

Renewable energy producing systems. These types of

systems produce power, heat, or mechanical energy by

converting resources either to electricity or to motor power.

Geothermal/geoexchange system. A system that uses

temperatures from the earth to reduce the operational costs

of heating and cooling.

Methane digesters. It is a device which captures biogas

resulting from the decomposition of manure, processing

by-products, and other materials. Harvested biogas is used

as a substitute for natural gas to power engines which

generate electricity. It is fed into the natural gas pipeline or

flared.

Small hydro system. A water driven system, which

produces electricity, by the gravitational force of falling or

flowing water. It excludes water driven systems that only

provide mechanical power, such as turning a grinding

stone for a flour mill.

Solar panels. A flat panel designed to capture the sun’s

energy. Includes photovoltaic systems, which convert light

from the sun into electricity, and thermal systems that

passively generate electricity.

Wind turbines. A device which converts wind power into

electricity. Includes wind generators, wind power units,

wind energy converters, and aero generators. Excludes

windmills, which do not produce electricity.

Rental of farmland. See Total income from farm-related

sources, Gross cash rent or share payments.

Sales, total. See Market value of agricultural products

sold.

Sex of producers. This item pertains only to four

producers from whom detailed demographic data were

collected. Total male and female producer counts may be

larger.

Sheep and lambs inventory. Data are for sheep and

lambs of all ages owned regardless of location.

Short rotation woody crops. Data are for short rotation

woody crops that grow from seed to a mature tree in 10

years or less. These are trees for use by the paper or pulp

industry or as engineered wood. This does not include

lumber. Acres in production were included in Cropland

harvested in the Land use section of the report form.

Size of farm. See Farms by size.

Small hydro system. See Renewable energy producing

systems.

Sod harvested or intended for sale in future years. This

is a new item for 2022. It replaced sod harvested to include

sod in production but not harvested. Data are not

comparable.

Solar panel. See Renewable energy producing systems.

Sport or game fish. Data are for sport or game fish raised

on farms to be used primarily for sport. Examples include

bluegill, crappie, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass,

sunfish, muskie, northern pike, and walleye.

Squash, all. All squash is a summation of summer squash

and winter squash. Total acres, acres for fresh market, and

acres for processing were collected by category. In 2017,

the squash types were collected as separate items.

Sugarcane for sugar or seed. Sugarcane for sugar and

sugarcane for seed were collected separately in 2017 but

were combined in 2022 and collected as sugarcane for

sugar or seed. Data are not comparable.
B - 18 Appendix B 2022 Census of Agriculture

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Sweet corn. Sweet corn includes sweet corn harvested for

the fresh and processing markets as well as for seed. Sweet

corn harvested for the fresh market includes seed grown in

the open and the category is not comparable to 2017 for

this category. See Vegetables harvested for fresh market.

Sweet corn for seed. Sweet corn for seed is not published

as a separate data item in 2022. Sweet corn forseed isin the

field crop section was combined into vegetable seeds in the

vegetable section.

Sweet potatoes. Sweet potato acres are included in the

vegetable acres. Data are for total acres harvested, acres

harvested for fresh market, and acres harvested for

processing. Production was not collected.

Tangerines. Data include temples.

Tenure. See Farms by tenure of producer.

Tobacco transplants. Data are for tobacco transplants that

were sold for transplant to farm fields. Transplants grown

for transplanting to the same operation were not reported or

removed during data review.

Tomatoes in the open. Data are for tomatoes grown in the

open and excludes tomatoes produced under glass or other

protection.

Total cropland. This category includes cropland

harvested, other pasture and grazing land that could have

been used for crops without additional improvements,

cropland on which all crops failed or were abandoned,

cropland in summer fallow, and cropland idle or used for

cover crops or soil improvement but not harvested and not

pastured or grazed.

Total farm production expenses. Includes the production

expenses provided by the producers, partners, landlords

(excluding property taxes), and production contractors for

the farm business in 2022. Tenant farmers reported

expenses paid by landlords for the agricultural production

on the operation, as well as their expenses. Farm or ranch

producers who rented part of their land to others reported

only the expenses for the land they actually used

themselves and not expenses for land rented to others. The

2022 total farm production expenditure includes all farmrelated expenses such as customwork, fuel costs, cost of

cutting timber, services provided to hunters, cooperative

membership fees, etc. However, if the income from these

farm-related categories was not considered a part of the

operation (i.e., if the income was regarded as derived from

a separate business), then the associated expenses were not

included. The contractor’s portion of expenses was solely

based on computer generated estimates for 2022. This item

excludes expenses relating to non-farm activities such as

trading and speculation in the commodities market or

livestock trading activities. Explanations of selected

production expenses are listed below.

All other production expenses. All other production

expenses include all expenses not listed on the report form.

Examples include storage and warehousing, marketing and

ginning expenses, insurance, etc. Health insurance

premiums and payroll taxes are reported in hired labor

expenses.

Breeding livestock purchased or leased. These expenses

include all breeding livestock and poultry purchased or

leased during 2022 for production on the farm or ranch.

The total includes amount spent for beef and dairy cows,

heifers, bulls, sows, gilts, boars, rams, lambs, ewes,

roosters, hens, layers, etc. Estimations of the value of

livestock or poultry fed on a custom basis were to be made

based on their value when they arrived on the farm or

ranch.

Cash rent paid in 2022 for land and buildings. These data

include the cost of renting land and buildings that were part

of the operation. Rent paid for the producer’s dwelling or

other non-farm property and the value of the shares of

crops and livestock paid to landlords were excluded.

Chemicals. These 2022, expenses include insecticides,

herbicides, fungicides, and other pesticides, including

costs of custom application. Data exclude commercial

fertilizer purchased.

Contract labor. These data include payments made to

contractors, crew leaders, cooperatives, or any other

organization hired to furnish a crew of laborers to do a job

that may involve one or more agricultural operations. In

some cases, a crew leader may furnish some equipment.

Data exclude expenses made on a contractual basis for

repair or maintenance or for capital improvements, such as

construction of farm buildings, installation of fences or

irrigation systems, and land leveling.

Cover crop seed purchased. This expense category is a

subset of total seeds, plants, vines, and trees expense. It

includes the cost of all seeds, bulbs, plants, propagation

materials, trees, seed treatments, seed cleaning costs, etc.

for cover crops purchased during 2022.

Customwork and custom hauling. These expenses include

costs incurred for having customwork done on the place

and for renting machines to perform agricultural

operations. The cost of cotton ginning is excluded. The

cost of labor involved in the customwork service is

included in the customwork expense. Some examples of
2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix B B - 19

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customwork are planting,spraying, harvesting, preparation

of products for marketing, grinding and mixing feed, corn

picking, grain drying, and silo filling. The cost of custom

application of fertilizer and chemicals is included in

expenditures for fertilizer and chemicals. The cost of hired

labor for operating rented or hired machinery is included as

a hired farm and ranch labor expense.

Feed purchased. These expenses include the cost of all

feed purchased for livestock and poultry including grain,

hay, silage, mixed feeds, concentrates, etc. during 2022.

Fertilizer, lime, and soil conditioners. These 2022

expenses include fertilizer, lime, rock phosphate, and

gypsum and the costs of custom application.

Gasolines, fuels, and oils. These expenses include the cost

of all gasoline, diesel, natural gas, LP gas, motor oil, and

grease products for the farm during 2022. Expenses

exclude fuel for personal use of automobiles by the family

and others, fuel used for cooking and heating the

farmhouse, and any other use outside of farmwork on the

operation.

Hired farm labor. These 2022 expenses include the total

amount paid for farm or ranch labor including regular

workers, part-time workers, and members of the

producer’s family if they received payments for labor.

Expenses include Social Security taxes, State taxes,

unemployment tax, payment for sick leave or vacation pay,

workman’s compensation, insurance premiums, and

pension plans.

Interest paid on debts. These expenses include interest and

finance charges paid in 2022 for debts secured by real

estate and on debt not secured by real estate. Interest

expenses excluded from this category are non-farm interest

expenses and interest expenses originating from machinery

and equipment used for a separate customwork business or

for other operations. Interest expense for the producer’s

dwelling, where the amount is separate from interest on

farm land and buildings on the operation, is excluded.

Interest paid on debts was reported in one of two

categories:

1. Secured by real estate. These data include all interest

expenses paid in 2022 on debts secured by real estate

for the farm.

2. Not secured by real estate. These data include all

interest expenses paid in 2022 on debts secured by

machinery, tractors, trucks, other equipment,

livestock, poultry, breeding stock, money borrowed for

use as working capital, and interest paid on CCC loans

for the farm.

Livestock and poultry purchased or leased. These data

include Breeding livestock purchased or leased and Other

livestock and poultry purchased or leased.

Medical supplies, veterinary, and custom services for

livestock. This category includes fees for medical supplies,

veterinary care, and custom services such as artificial

insemination (AI), banding, breeding fees, caponizing,

carcass removal, castrating, custom feed processing,

hormone injections, performance testing, pregnancy

testing, seining, sheep shearing, and other such care. This

category excludes manure removal. See Total farm

production expenses.

Other livestock and poultry purchased or leased. These

expenses include all non-breeding livestock and poultry

purchased or leased during 2022 for production on the farm

or ranch. The total includes amounts spent for cattle,

calves, hogs, pigs, sheep, hatchery eggs, etc.

Property taxes paid. These data include property taxes paid

by the producers for the farm share of land, machinery,

buildings, and livestock, excluding taxes paid by this

producer’s landlords.

Rent and lease expenses for machinery, equipment, and

farm share of vehicles. These data include the farm share

cost of renting or leasing machinery, equipment, and

vehicles during 2022. Rental and lease expenses of items

used only for custom hire are excluded here.

Repairs, supplies, and maintenance. These expenses

include all costs for the repair and upkeep of buildings,

motor vehicles, fences, and farm equipment used for the

farm business during 2022. Repairs to equipment used

both for the farm business and for performing customwork

are included.

Seeds, plants, vines, and trees. These expenses include the

cost of allseeds, bulbs, plants, propagation materials, trees,

seed treatments, seed cleaning costs, etc. purchased during

2022. Excluded were items purchased for immediate resale

or the value of seed grown on the operation.

Utilities. These data show the farm share cost of electricity,

telephone charges, internet fees, and water purchased in

2022. Included in the water cost is water purchased for

irrigation purposes, livestock watering, etc. Household

utility costs were excluded from these items.

Total female producers. See Number of female

producers.

Total greenhouse vegetables and fresh cut herbs. This

category includes greenhouse tomatoes and other
B - 20 Appendix B 2022 Census of Agriculture

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

greenhouse vegetables and fresh cut herbs.

Total horses and ponies. See Horses and ponies value of

sales.

Total income from farm-related sources. This includes

gross income from farm-related sources received in 2022

before taxes and expenses from the sales of farm

byproducts and other sales and services closely related to

the principal functions of the farm business. The data

exclude income from employment or business activities,

which were separate from the farm business.

Agri-tourism and recreational services. This income

includes income from recreational services such as

hunting, fishing, farm or wine tours, hay rides, etc.

Amount from State and local government agricultural

program payments. This income includes State and local

government agricultural program payments. Respondents

were to exclude the State and local portion of Conservation

Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) payments if they

were reported in the amount received for participation in

CREP in section 6, item 2 of the report form.

Crop and livestock insurance payments received. This

income includes insurance payments from crop and

livestock losses.

Customwork and other agricultural services. This income

includes gross receipts received by the farm producers for

providing services for others such as planting, plowing,

spraying, and harvesting. Income from customwork and

other agricultural services is generally included in the

agriculture census if it is closely related to the farming

operation. However, it is excluded if it constituted a

separate business or was conducted from another location.

Gross cash rent or share payments. This income includes

gross cash or share payments received from renting out

farmland, payments received from the lease or sale of

allotments, and payments received for livestock pastured

on a per-head, per month, or per pound basis. It excludes

rental income from nonfarm property.

Other farm-related income sources. This is other income

which is closely related to the agricultural operation. This

income includes animal boarding, breeding fees (horse

breeding orstud fees received were reported in the Value of

Sales section in the Other animals and other animal

products category), tobacco quota buyouts, State fuel tax

refunds, farm generated energy, etc. Crop and livestock

insurance payments received and amount from State and

local government agricultural program payments were

published separately.

Patronage dividends and refunds from cooperatives. This

income includes payments to a farmer or rancher for

business done with a cooperative to which he/she usually

belongs. The payment is usually for goods sold through the

co-op.

Sales of forest products. This income includes gross

receipts from sales of standing timber, pulpwood,

firewood, etc. from the farm or ranch operation. It excludes

income from nonfarm timber tracts, sawmill businesses,

cultivated Christmas trees, maple products, and short

rotation woody crops.

Total market value of agricultural products sold and

government payments. This category represents the value

of products sold plus government payments. Total value of

products sold combines total sales not under production

contract and total sales under production contract.

Government payments consist of government payments

received from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP),

Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), Farmable Wetlands

Program (FWP), or Conservation Reserve Enhancement

Program (CREP) plus government payments received

from Federal programs other than the CRP, WRP, FWP,

and CREP, and Commodity Credit Corporation loans.

Total male producers. See Number of male producers.

Total organic product sales. The data represent the value

of organically produced agricultural commodities sold

from operations during 2022. It includes only the value of

those products that were produced as organic according to

the National Organic Standards and sold by certified or

exempt from certification farm operations.

Total payments received. See Commodities raised and

delivered under production contracts.

Total producers. See Number of producers.

Totalsales. See Market value of agricultural products sold.

Turkeys. Turkey data are a combination of turkeys for

meat production, turkey hens and toms kept for breeding,

and turkey brooderstabulated from three questions. Turkey

brooders are immature birds sent to another farm for

further growout to meat production or breeding. This may

result in a turkey being sold more than once from different

operations.

Type of organization. See Farms by type of organization.

Unpaid workers. Data include agricultural workers not on

the payroll who performed activities or work on a farm or

ranch.
2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix B B - 21

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Utilities. See Total farm production expenses.

Use of precision agriculture practices. This is a new

item for 2022. The use of precision agricultural practices is

defined as the use of practices that utilize technology to

improve agricultural productivity or efficiency by

connecting the practice to a digital environment for crop or

livestock production. Several examples of precision

agriculture practices are the use of global positioning

(GPS) guidance systems, GPS yield monitoring and soil

mapping, variable rate input applications, use of drones for

scouting fields or monitoring livestock, electronic tagging,

precision feeding, and robotic milking. Precision

agriculture practices are not limited to these examples.

Value of commodities. Data show the number of farms

and the market value of all commodities delivered under a

production contract.

Value of food sold directly to consumers. Data represent

the value of edible products, including value added

products, produced and sold for human consumption

directly to consumers at farmers markets, on-farm stores or

farm stands, roadside stands or stores, u-pick, CSA

(Community Supported Agriculture), online marketplaces,

etc.

Value of food sold directly to retail markets,

institutions, and food hubs for local or regionally

branded products. Data represent the value of products,

including value added products, produced and sold for

human consumption directly to retail markets, institutions,

or food hubs for locally or regionally branded products.

Examples include supermarkets, restaurants, caterers,

independently owned grocery stores, food cooperatives, K12 schools, colleges or universities, hospitals, workplace

cafeterias, prisons, food banks, etc.

Value of landlord’s share of total sales. Data include the

value of agricultural sales received by the landlords.

Value of organically produced commodities. See Total

organic product sales.

Value of processed or value-added agricultural

products sold. Data represent the value of products that

originated from crop or livestock commodities produced

on the operation. Through further manufacture or

processing, these items are transformed into products

worth more than the originally produced commodity.

Value of sales. See Market value of agricultural products

sold.

Vegetable seeds. Include seed grown under protective

cover for vegetable crops.

Vegetable transplants. Data are for vegetable transplants

grown and sold from the operation for transplanting to

fields on another operation.

Vegetables harvested for fresh market. Respondents

reported the total vegetable acres harvested, harvested for

fresh market, and harvested for processing. Data include

vegetables harvested for seed and are not directly

comparable to 2017.

Vegetables harvested for sale. The acres of vegetables

harvested is the summation of the acres of individual

vegetables harvested. All of the individual vegetable items

may not be shown. When more than one vegetable crop

was harvested from the same acreage, acres were counted

for each crop.

Vegetables, melons, and potatoes. See Commodities

raised and delivered under production contracts.

Vegetables, other. See Other vegetables.

Wheat for grain. Data were reported by type of wheat -

Durum, winter, and other spring.

Wind turbines. See Renewable energy producing

systems.

Woodland pastured. This category includes all woodland

used for pasture or grazing during the census year.

Woodland or forest land pastured under a per-head grazing

permit was not counted as land in farms and, therefore, was

not included in woodland pastured.

Woodland, total. This category includes natural or planted

woodlots or timber tracts, cutover and deforested land with

young growth which has or will have value for wood

products, and woodland pastured. Land covered by

sagebrush or mesquite was reported as Permanent pasture

and rangeland or Other land. Land planted for Christmas

tree production and short rotation woody crops was

reported in Cropland harvested, and land in tapped maple

trees was reported as Woodland not pastured.

Write-in crops. The respondent was asked to look at a list

of crops in each section of the report form and write in the

crop name and its code for all commodities produced. For

crops that had no individual code listed on the report form,

the respondent was to write in the crop name and code of

the appropriate ‘‘all other’’ category for thatsection. Writein crops coded as ‘‘all other’’ were reviewed and assigned a

specific code when possible. Crops not assigned a specific

code were left in the appropriate ‘‘all other’’ category.
B - 22 Appendix B 2022 Census of Agriculture

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Years operating any farm. This number is based on the

year each producer began operating any farm operation.

Young producers. A young producer is defined as a

producer 34 years of age or younger. This is a definition

change from 2017. Young producers in 2017 included

producers 35 years of age or younger. The data are not

comparable.
2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix

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- 24 AppendixB 2022 Census of Agriculture

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2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix

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2022 Census of Agriculture Appendix

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