2007 Ozone Plan 

Appendix Q 

 

Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 
2007 Ozone Plan 

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San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-1

Appendix Q: Supporting Documents 

for SIP Creditability

Q.1 RESOLUTION FOR ENHANCING SIP CREDITABILITY OF INCENTIVE 

REDUCTIONS 

The resolution is available on the District website (www.valleyair.org). 

Q.2 SAMPLE EMISSION REDUCTION CALCULATIONS USED IN PROTOCOLS 

The SJVAPCD Emission Reduction Incentive Program uses California Air Resources 

Board (ARB) guidance to develop calculations of emission reductions and cost 

effectiveness of various projects. ARB guidance can be found at 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/tsaq/mvrfp/mvrfp.htm and 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/moyer.htm . Below are some examples to 

illustrate the types of calculations that could be found in a protocol applied to a specific 

project. These are examples only and may not reflect current District practice for 

calculating incentive-based emissions reductions. 

Signal Coordination EXAMPLE

Traffic Signal Coordination 

The City's master traffic signal controller was replaced with a new controller with 

expanded capacity. 

This allowed 25 more intersections to be 

coordinated. 

 

Inputs to Calculate Cost- Effectiveness:

Funding Dollars (Funding): 

$200,000 

 

 Effectiveness Period (Life): 5 

years 

 Days of use/year (D): 250

 Length of congested roadway segment (L): 7.50 miles

 Traffic Volume during congested period (Congested Traffic): 38,400 

trips per day 

 Before Speed: 28 mph 

 After Speed: 33 mph 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-2

Emissions Factor Inputs (From Table 4):

 Before Speed Factor After Speed Factor 

 ROG Factor 0.32 grams per mile 0.27 grams per mile 

 NOx Factor 1.20 “ 1.16 “ 

 PM10 Factor 0.03 “ 0.03 “ 

Calculations: 

 Annual Project VMT (VMT) = (D) * (L) * 

(Congested Traffic) 

 =250 * 7.50 * 38,400 = 72,000,000 annual 

miles 

 

Annual Emission Reductions (ROG, NOx, and PM10) in lbs. per year 

 = [(.50)*(VMT)*(Before Speed Factor - After Speed Factor)]/454 

grams per lb. 

ROG: [(0.50 * 72,000,000) *(0.32 – 0.27)]/454 = 3,965 lbs. per 

year 

 NOx: [(.50 * 72,000,000) *(1.20 – 1.16)]/454 = 3,172 lbs. per 

year 

PM10: [(.50 * 72,000,000) * (0.03 – 0.03)]/454 = 0 lbs. per year 

 

Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) = (1 + i)n

(i) = .22 where n = project life (5 years) 

 (From Table 8) (1 + i)n - 1 and i = discount rate (3%) 

 

Cost-Effectiveness of Funding Dollars = 

 (CRF * Funding)/(ROG + NOx + PM10 ) = [.22 * 200,000] / 7,137 

 = $6.16 per lb.

 

FOR CMAQ PROJECTS ONLY:

Once emissions reductions have been calculated, add them together 

(9,515 + 3,172 + 793) and 

convert emissions reductions to 

kg/day: 

lbs. reduced per year = 7,137 = 9 kg/day 

 2.2 lbs./kg * 365 days/year 2.2 * 

365 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-3

Bicycle Facilities EXAMPLE

Class 2 Bikeway Facility

The new Class 2 bike lanes are a critical link in the city bike system, allowing 

residents bicycle access to education, employment, shopping, and transit. Within 

one-quarter mile of the project, there is a college, a shopping center, a light rail 

station, and an office building. The project includes installation of new pavement, 

signage, and Class 2 bike lane striping along both sides of 1.13 miles of arterials. 

This is primarily a college town, with a population of 128,000. 

Inputs to Calculate Cost-Effectiveness:

Funding Dollars (Funding): 

$48,000 

Effectiveness Period (Life): 15 

years 

Days (D): 200 

Average Length (L) of bicycle trips: 1.8 miles

Annual Average Daily Traffic (ADT): 

20,000 

Adjustment (A) on ADT for auto trips replaced by bike trips from the bike 

facility: 0.0109 

Credit (C) for Activity Centers near the project: 0.002 

 

Emissions Factors (From Table 3, for a 15-year Life): 

 Auto Trip End Factor Auto VMT Factor 

ROG Factor 1.210 grams/trip 0.321 grams/ mile 

NOx Factor 0.533 0.397 

PM10 Factor 0.015 0.219 

 

Calculations: 

 Annual Auto Trip Reduced = (D) * (ADT) * (A + C) 

 = (200) * (20,000) * (0.0109 + 0.002) 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-4

 = 51,600 

 Annual Auto VMT Reduced = (Auto Trips) * (L) 

 = (51,600) * (1.8) 

 = 92,880 

Annual Emission Reductions (ROG, NOx and PM10) in lbs. per year 

= [(Annual Auto Trips Reduced) * (Auto Trips End Factor) 

 + (Annual Auto VMT Reduced) * (Auto VMT Factor)] /454 

ROG: [(51,600 * 1.210) + (92,880 * 0.321)]/454 = 203 

lbs. per year 

NOx: [(51,600 * 0.533) + (92,880 * 0.397)]/454 = 142 

lbs. per year 

PM10: [(51,600 * 0.015) + (92,880 * 0.219)]/454 = 47 lbs. 

per year 

 

Capital Recovery Factor (CRF): 

(1 + i)n

(i)

= 0.08 Where n = project life (15 years) 

(From Table 8) (1 + i)n

- 1

and i = discount rate (3%) 

 

Cost-Effectiveness of Funding Dollars: (CRF * Funding) / (ROG 

+ NOx + PM10 ) 

 =[.08 *48,000] / [203 + 142 + 

47] 

 = $9.79 per 

lb. 

 

FOR CMAQ PROJECTS ONLY:

Once emissions reductions have been calculated, add them together (203 + 142 + 

47 = 392) 

and convert lbs. of emissions reductions per 

year to kg/day: 

 lbs. reduced per year = 392 = 

1 kg/day

 2.2 lbs./kg * 365 days/year 

2.2 * 365 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-5

Telecommunications EXAMPLE

County Probation Videophone Project 

A videophone-interviewing project is implemented by the County Probation Department. 

Videophone equipment is installed for $40,000 at the branch probation offices and two detention 

centers. Videophone interviewing of 5,000 inmates per year saves 200 one-way trips per week to and 

from detention centers (a distance of 29 miles on average). 

Inputs to calculate cost-effectiveness:

 Funding Dollars (Funding): 

$40,000 

 Effectiveness Period (Life): 5 

years 

 One-Way Auto Trips Eliminated Per Week 

(T): 200 

 Length (L) of Auto Trips Eliminated: 29 miles one-way 

 Weeks (W) = 50 weeks 

 New Auto Trips (New T): 

0 

 New Auto Trip Length (New L): not 

applicable 

 

Emissions Factors for Auto Travel (From Table 3):

 Auto Trip End 

Factor 

Auto VMT 

Factor 

 ROG Factor 1.736 grams per trip 0.479 grams per mile 

 NOx Factor 0.727 0.620 

 PM10 Factor 0.014 0.219 

Note: 1-5 year emission factors are used since project life is 5 years, and 

“Commute” auto trip end factors are used since this project reduces commute 

trips. 

 

Calculations: 

 Annual Auto Trips Reduced = (W)*[(T) - (New T)] 

 =50 * (200-0) = 10,000 

 Annual Auto VMT Reduced = (W)*[(T)*(L) - (New T)*(New L)] 

 = (50)*[(200)*(29) - 0] = 

290,000 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-6

Annual Emission Reductions (ROG, NOx, and PM10)

= [(Annual Auto Trips Reduced) * (Auto Trip End Factor) 

 + (Annual Auto VMT Reduced) * (Auto VMT Factor)]/454 

 

ROG: [(10,000 * 1.736) + (290,000 * 0.479)]/454 = 344 lbs. per 

year 

 

NOx: [(10,000 * 0.727) + (290,000 * 0.620)]/454 = 412 lbs. per 

year 

 

PM10: [(10,000 * 0.014) + (290,000 * 0.219)]/454 = 140 lbs. per 

year 

 

EXAMPLE

Capital Recovery 

Factor(CRF)= 

 (1 + 

i)n(i)

= 0.22 where n= project life (5 years) 

(From Table 8) (1 + i)n - 

1 

 and i = discount rate (3%) 

 

Cost-Effectiveness of Funding Dollars = (CRF * Funding) / (ROG + NOx + PM10) 

 =(0.22*40,000) / (344 + 412 + 140) = $ 

9.82 per lb. 

 

FOR CMAQ PROJECTS ONLY: 

Once emissions reductions have been calculated, add them together (344 + 412 + 

140 = 896) 

and convert emissions reductions to 

kg/day: 

 

 

 lbs. reduced per year = 896 = 

1 kg/day 

 

2.2 lbs./kg * 365 days/year 2.2 

* 365 

 

 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-7

Ridesharing EXAMPLE

County Trip Reduction Program 

A county conducts a comprehensive employee trip reduction program, which 

includes vanpool 

and carpool programs, telecommuting, compressed work schedules, and guaranteed 

emergency transportation. 

Inputs to Calculate CostEffectiveness:  

Funding Dollars (Funding): $140,000 

Effectiveness Period (Life): 1 year 

One-Way Auto Trips Eliminated Per Week (T) Using Optional Method 1: 

 T = 2 trips/day * 5 days/week * peak period employees * [1/Baseline AVR - 1/New AVR] 

 where baseline AVR is 1.13, new AVR is 1.19, and there are 15,750 peak period employees. 

 Therefore, T = 2 trips/day * 5 days/week * 15,750 peak period employees * [1/1.13 - 1/1.19] = 6300 

trips 

Length (L) of Auto Trips Eliminated: 16 miles 

Weeks (W) = 52 weeks 

Adjustment (A): 0.7 For auto access trips to transit, vanpools, and carpools 

Emissions Factors for Auto Travel 

(From Table 3): 

 Auto Trip End 

Factor 

Auto VMT 

Factor 

 ROG Factor 2.030 grams per trip 0.587 grams per mile 

 NOx Factor 0.821 0.785

 PM10 Factor 0.014 0.218

Note: 1-5 year emission factors are used since project life is 1 year, and 

“Commute” auto trip end factors are used since this project reduces 

commute trips.. 

 

Calculations: 

 Annual Auto Trips Reduced = (W)*(T)*(A)

 = 52 * 6300 * .7 = 

229,320 

 

 Annual Auto VMT Reduced = (W) * (T) * (L) 

 =52 * 6300 * 16 miles 

 = 5,241,600 annual VMT 

reduced 

 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-8

Annual Emission Reductions (ROG, NOx, and PM10)

 = [(Annual Auto Trips Reduced) * (Auto Trip End Factor) 

 + (Annual Auto VMT Reduced) * (Auto VMT Factor)]/454 

ROG: [(229,320 * 2.030) + (5,241,600 * 0.587)]/454 = 7,803 lbs. per 

year 

NOx: [(229,320 * 0.821) + (5,241,600 * 0.785)]/454 = 9,478 lbs. per 

year 

PM10: [(229,320 * 0.014) + (5,241,600 * 0.219)]/454 = 2,524 lbs. per 

year 

 

Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) = (1 + i)n(i) = 1.03 where n = project life (1 year) 

 (From Table 8) (1 + i)n - 1 and i = discount rate (3 %) 

 

Cost-Effectiveness of Funding Dollars = (CRF * Funding) / (ROG + NOx + PM10 ) 

=(1.03 * 140,000) / (7,803 + 9,478 + 2,524) = $7.28 per lb.

 

FOR CMAQ PROJECTS ONLY:

Once emissions reductions have been calculated, add them together 

(7,803 + 9,478 + 2,524 = 19,804) and convert emissions reductions to kg/day: 

 lbs. reduced per year = 19,804 

= 251 kg/day 

2.2 lbs./kg * 365 days/year 

2.2 * 365 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-9

Q.3 HEAVY-DUTY PROGRAM ANNUAL REPORT SAMPLE 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

 Appendix Q: Supporting Documents for SIP Creditability 

2007 Ozone Plan

Appendix Q-10

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