{"id":514874,"date":"2023-09-21T11:42:03","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T15:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=514874"},"modified":"2024-03-08T14:18:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T19:18:38","slug":"american-human-spaceflight-accidents","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american-human-spaceflight-accidents\/","title":{"rendered":"American Human Spaceflight Accidents"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-light hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 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target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/about\/\">About HQ Library<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/\">Find Publications<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/policy-resources\/\">Policy Resources<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/patron-requests\/\">Patron Requests<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/search-resources\/\">Search Resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t<div class=\"padding-0 bg-spacesuit-white wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-page-intro hds-page-intro-banner width-full maxw-full padding-0 hds-cover-wrapper minh-tablet\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-top-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"page-heading-md line-height-sm color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAmerican Human Spaceflight Accidents\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 44%; object-position: 50% 44%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg 4032w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=300,177 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=768,454 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=1024,605 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=1536,908 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=2048,1210 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=400,236 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=600,355 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=900,532 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=1200,709 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/from-the-earth-to-the-moon.jpg?resize=2000,1182 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/hq\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american_human_spaceflight_accidents#books\">BOOKS<\/a> – <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/hq\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american_human_spaceflight_accidents#ebooks\">E-BOOKS<\/a> – <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/hq\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american_human_spaceflight_accidents#articles\">HEARINGS AND REPORTS<\/a> – <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/hq\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american_human_spaceflight_accidents#websites\">INTERNET RESOURCES<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This pathfinder covers five American manned spacecraft accidents: the Apollo I fire in January of 1967, the crash of X-15 no. 3 in November of 1967, the near-loss of Apollo XIII in April of 1970, the destruction of Challenger in January of 1986, and the disintegration of Columbia in February of 2003. Biographies of the lost astronauts are listed at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/astronaut-biographies\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"509745\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Astronaut Biographies<\/a>. You may also find useful resources in our pages on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/management-of-safety-and-technical-risks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Technical and Safety Risk Management<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/knowledge-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Knowledge Management<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All items are available at the Headquarters Library, except as noted. NASA Headquarters employees and contractors: call (358-0172) or email <a href=\"mailto:Library@hq.nasa.gov\">Library@hq.nasa.gov<\/a> for information on borrowing or in-library use of any of these items. Members of the public, contact your local library for the availability of these items. NASA Headquarters employees can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/hq\/library\/patron_requests\">request<\/a> additional materials or research on this topic. The Library welcomes your <a href=\"mailto:library@hq.nasa.gov\">comments <\/a>or <a href=\"mailto:library@hq.nasa.gov\">suggestions<\/a> about this webpage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BOOKS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avera, Randy. <em>The Truth About Challenger<\/em>. Good Hope, GA: Randolph Pub., 2002. ISBN: 1932258000<br><strong>TL795.5 .A94 2003 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bergaust, Erik. <em>Murder on Pad 34<\/em>. New York, Putnam, 1968.<br><strong>TL789.8.U6 A52 1968 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burgess, Colin, Kate Doolan, and Bert Vis. <em>Fallen Astronauts<\/em>. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2003. ISBN: 0803213328<br><strong>TL789.85 .A1 B86 2003 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burns, Christopher. <em>Deadly Decisions: How False Knowledge Sank the Titanic, Blew Up the Shuttle and Led America into War<\/em>. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2008. ISBN: 9781591026600<br><strong>AZ999 .B89 2008 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cabbage, Michael and William Harwood. <em>Comm Check: The Final Flight of Shuttle Columbia<\/em>. New York: Free Press, 2004. ISBN: 0743260910<br><strong>TL867 .C33 2004 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cooper, Henry S. F. <em>Thirteen: The Flight that Failed<\/em>. New York, Dial Press, 1972.<br><strong>TL789.8.U6 C62 1973 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Godwin, Robert (ed.). <em>Apollo 13: The NASA Mission Reports<\/em>. Burlington, Ont.: Apogee Books, 2000. ISBN: 1896522556<br><strong>TL789.8.U6 A5448 2000 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>X-15: The NASA Mission Reports, Incorporating Files from the USAF<\/em>. Burlington, Ont.: Apogee Books, 2000. ISBN: 1896522653<br><strong>TL789.8 .U6 X32 2000 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jones, Chris. <em>Too Far From Home: A Story of Life and Death in Space<\/em>. New York, NY: Doubleday, 2007. ISBN: 0385514654<br><strong>TL867 .J66 2007 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lovell, Jim, and Jeffrey Kluger. <em>Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13<\/em>. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1994. ISBN: 0395670292<br><strong>TL789.8.U6 A5488 1994 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mahler, Julianne G., and Maureen Hogan Casamayou. <em>Organizational Learning at NASA: The Challenger and Columbia Accidents<\/em>. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2009. ISBN: 9781589012660<br><strong>TL521.312 .M32 2009 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McDonald, Allan J., and James R. Hansen. <em>Truth, Lies, and O-rings: Inside the Space Shuttle Disaster<\/em>. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, 2009. ISBN: 9780813033266<br><strong>TL867 .M3625 2009 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miller, Susan Burgess. <em>Lessons Learned or Lessons Noted: A Retrospective Case Study of the Stored Organizational Memory of the Causes of Mishaps in NASA<\/em>. Thesis (Ed.D.)–George Washington University, 2005.<br><strong>TL521.3 .L47 2005 PPM-STACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shayler, David. <em>Disasters and Accidents in Manned Spaceflight<\/em>. London; New York: Springer; Chichester, U.K.: Praxis Pub., 2000. ISBN: 1852332255<br><strong>TL867 .S53 2000 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Space Rescue: Ensuring the Safety of Manned Spaceflight<\/em>. Berlin, Germany; New York, NY: Springer; Chichester, UK: Published in association with Praxis, 2009. ISBN: 0387699058<br><strong>TL867 .S535 2009 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Starbuck, William H., and Moshe Farjoun. <em>Organization at the Limit: Lessons from the Columbia Disaster<\/em>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2005. ISBN: 140513108X<br><strong>TL867 .O74 2005 PPM-STACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thompson, Milton O. <em>At the Edge of Space: The X-15 Flight Program<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. ISBN: 1560981075<br><strong>TL789.8.U6 X578 1992 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tompkins, Phillip K. <em>Apollo, Challenger, Columbia: The Decline of the Space Program: A Study in Organizational Communication<\/em>. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Pub. Co., 2005. ISBN: 1931719322<br><strong>TL867 .T65 2004 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vaughan, Diane. <em>The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA<\/em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996. ISBN: 0226851753<br><strong>TL867 .C467 1996 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E-BOOKS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>All e-books listed here are available to NASA civil servants and contractors through the Books 24×7 service of <a href=\"https:\/\/saterninfo.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">SATERN.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Annis Hammond, Sue. <em>The Thin Book of Naming Elephants: How to Surface Undiscussables for Greater Organizational Success<\/em>. Thin Book Publishing, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guthrie, Ruth, and Conrad Shayo. “The Columbia Disaster: Culture, Communication, and Change”, in: <em>Cases on Information Technology: Lessons Learned, vol. VII<\/em>, IGI Global, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HEARINGS AND REPORTS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 13 Review Board. <em>Report of Apollo 13 Review Board<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1970.<br><strong>TL789.8.U6 A59 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manned Spacecraft Center. Mission Evaluation Team. <em>Apollo 13 Mission Report<\/em>. Houston, TX: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Manned Spacecraft Center, 1970.<br><strong>TL789.8.U6 A54 1970 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United States. Apollo Program Office. <em>Status of Actions Taken on Recommendations of the Apollo 204 Accident Review Board<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1968.<br><strong>KF24.8 .A1 FY 1969 V. 7 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United States. Columbia Accident Investigation Board. <em>Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report<\/em>. Arlington, VA: Columbia Accident Investigation Board; Washington, D.C.: Distributed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2003<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TL795.5 .C65 2003 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong> Note: Ready reference also has a copy. This report is often called the Gehman Report, as the chairman of the CAIB was Adm. Harold W. Gehman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Columbia Crew Survival Investigation Report.<\/em>. Houston, TX: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, 2009.<br><strong>TL867 .C726 2008 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. <em>The Apollo 13 Accident: Hearings before the Committee on Science and Astronautics U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-first Congress, second session<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1970.<br><strong>KF24.8 .A1 FY 1971 V. 7<\/strong> and <strong>KF27 .S36 A76 1970 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. Subcommittee on NASA Oversight. <em>Investigation into Apollo 204 Accident: Hearings before the Subcommittee on NASA Oversight of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, first session<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1967.<br><strong>KF24.8 .A1 FY 1968 V. 11<\/strong> and <strong>TL789.8.U6 A5945 1967 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. <em>Response to House Committee Recommendations on the Challenger Accident<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987<br><strong>TL867 .R47 1987 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. <em>Apollo 13 Mission: Hearing before the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate, Ninety-first Congress, second session<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1970.<br><strong>KF26 .A47 A66 1970<\/strong> and <strong>KF24.8 .A1 FY 1971 V. 5 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Apollo 13 Mission Review. Hearing before the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate, Ninety-first Congress, second session<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1970.<br><strong>KF26 .A47 A65 1970<\/strong> and <strong>KF24.8 .A1 FY 1971 V. 5 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Apollo Accident: Hearings Before the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, first session<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1967-1968.<br><strong>KF24.8 .A1 FY 1968 V. 7<\/strong> and <strong>KF26 .A47 1967\/1968 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Apollo 204 Accident: Report of the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences with Additional Views<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1968.<br><strong>KF26 .A47 1967\/1968 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space. <em>Space Shuttle Accident: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on space shuttle accident and the Rogers Commission report, February 18, June 10, and 17, 1986<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.<br><strong>KF24.8 .A1 FY 1987 V. 3 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Space Shuttle Columbia Investigation: Hearing Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, May 14, 2003<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.<br><strong>KF26 .C69 C65 2006 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Diaz Team. <em>A Renewed Commitment to Excellence: An Assessment of the NASA-wide Applicability of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2004.<br><strong>TL795.5 .C662 2004 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong> Note: This report is often called the Diaz report, after the leader of its writing team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. One NASA Team. <em>The Implementation of the NASA Agency-wide Application of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report: Our Renewed Commitment to Excellence<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2004.<br><strong>TL795.5 .C663 2004 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong> Note: This report is also called the One NASA Team Report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. Return to Flight Task Group. <em>Final Report of the Return to Flight Task Group: Assessing the Implementation of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board Return-to-flight Recommendations<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: Return to Flight Task Group, 2005<br><strong>TL795.5 .C66 F56 2005 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong> Note: Ready reference also has a copy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United States. Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident. <em>Proceedings before Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident: Official Transcript<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: The Commission, 1986.<br><strong>TL867 .U58 1986 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong> Note: HQ library is missing several parts of this fourteen-part title. Please ask a member of the staff for assistance. This commission is often called the Rogers Commission, as its chairman was William Rogers, a former Attorney General and Secretary of State.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: The Commission, 1986.<br><strong>TL867 .U55 1986 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong> Note: Ready reference also has a copy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. <em>Status of Actions to Implement the Recommendations of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident<\/em>. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.<br><strong>TL867 .A27 1987 BOOKSTACKS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">INTERNET RESOURCES<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Curry, Marty. People and Places: Michael Adams: Remembering a Fallen Hero. March 1, 2008 [April 20, 2012]<br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/dryden\/news\/X-Press\/stories\/2004\/073004\/ppl_adams.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/dryden\/news\/X-Press\/stories\/2004\/073004\/ppl_adams.html<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garber, Steve. Apollo-1 (204). Jan. 27, 2010 [April 20, 2012]<br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/Apollo204\/\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/Apollo204\/<\/a><\/strong> This is the History Office gateway to NASA Internet resources relating to Apollo I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. Challenger STS 51-L Accident. March 30, 2011 [April 20, 2012]<br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/challenger-sts-51l-accident\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/challenger-sts-51l-accident\/<\/a><\/strong> This is the History Office gateway to NASA Internet resources relating to the destruction of Challenger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. Columbia. Sept. 16, 2009. [April 20, 2012]<br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/remembering-columbia-sts-107\/\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/remembering-columbia-sts-107\/<\/a><\/strong> This is the History Office gateway to NASA Internet resources relating to the disintegration of Columbia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. Detailed Chronology of Events Surrounding the Apollo 13 Accident. June 17, 2011 [April 20, 2012]<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/detailed-chronology-of-events-surrounding-the-apollo-13-accident\/\"><strong>https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/detailed-chronology-of-events-surrounding-the-apollo-13-accident\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>__________. X-15 Biographies: Michael J. Adams. April 24, 2001 [April 20, 2012]<br><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/x15\/adams.html\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/x15\/adams.html<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOOKS – E-BOOKS – HEARINGS AND REPORTS – INTERNET RESOURCES This pathfinder covers five American manned spacecraft accidents: the Apollo I fire in January of 1967, the crash of X-15 no. 3 in November of 1967, the near-loss of Apollo XIII in April of 1970, the destruction of Challenger in January of 1986, and the disintegration of Columbia in February of [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":405,"featured_media":503698,"parent":507177,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[2867],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[12903],"coauthors":[12001],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"American Human Spaceflight Accidents","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american-human-spaceflight-accidents\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american-human-spaceflight-accidents\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/home01-mission.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/home01-mission.jpg"},"articleSection":"NASA Centers & Facilities","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Kaveon Smith"}],"creator":["Kaveon Smith"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["NASA Centers & Facilities","NASA Headquarters"],"dateCreated":"2023-09-21T15:42:03Z","datePublished":"2023-09-21T15:42:03Z","dateModified":"2024-03-08T19:18:38Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"American Human Spaceflight Accidents\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/headquarters\/library\/find\/bibliographies\/american-human-spaceflight-accidents\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/home01-mission.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-09-21T15:42:03Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"NASA Centers & Facilities\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"NASA Centers & Facilities,NASA Headquarters\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Kaveon Smith\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":9,"time_ago":"9 months","featured_image":{"id":503698,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/home01-mission.jpg","title":"home01-mission","alt":"mission-logo","caption":"Enabling HQ staff to increase productivity by offering expert research services of professional librarians, desktop and remote access to electronic information, and a consolidated collection of Headquarters-focused information resources."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/514874"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/topic"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/405"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/514874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":629684,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/514874\/revisions\/629684"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/507177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/503698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=514874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=514874"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=514874"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=514874"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=514874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}