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TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
 

OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
 

State of California
 

DANIEL E. LUNGREN
 

Attorney General
 

OPINION : 

: No. 95-108 

of : 

: November 2, 1995 

DANIEL E. LUNGREN :
 

Attorney General :
 

:
 

MAXINE P. CUTLER :
 

Deputy Attorney General :
 

:
 

THE HONORABLE DAVID KELLEY, MEMBER OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE 

SENATE, has requested an opinion on the following questions: 

1. Must all extended warranties executed by a structural pest control operator include 

the performance of periodic inspections? 

2. Do the statutory requirements for executing a control service agreement by a 

structural pest control operator apply to agreements executed prior to the statute's effective date of 

January 1, 1994? 

CONCLUSIONS 

1. All extended warranties executed by a structural pest control operator must include 

the performance of periodic inspections. 

2. The statutory requirements for executing a control service agreement by a structural 

pest control operator do not apply to agreements executed prior to the statute's effective date of January 

1, 1994. 

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ANALYSIS 

The Legislature has enacted a comprehensive statutory scheme regulating the practice 

of structural pest control. (Bus. & Prof. Code, '' 8500-8697.5.)1 Operators and field representatives 

must be qualified in the use and understanding of poisons and other chemicals used in pest control and 

the theory and practice of pest control. ('' 8506, 8507, 8565, 8566.) After inspection and completion 

of a report describing and diagraming infestation and conditions likely to lead to infestation, as well as 

recommendations for corrective measures, a company may enter into a contract with the consumer to 

eradicate or control pests. (' 8516.) 

The focus of our inquiry concerns the terms and conditions of section 8516. The 

statute applies to wood destroying pests or organisms and prescribes the requirements registered 

companies must meet in order to perform work on contracts to correct any infestation. A control 

service agreement may be entered into if the specified requirements listed in section 8516 regarding 

inspection and reporting are met. Section 8516 provides in part: 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"(b) No registered company or licensee shall commence work on a contract, 

or sign, issue, or deliver any documents expressing an opinion or statement relating to 

the absence or presence of wood destroying pests or organisms until an inspection has 

been made by a licensed Branch 3 field representative or operator. The registered 

company shall retain for three years all field reports from which a verbal or written 

estimate of or solutions for work are made. A written inspection report conforming to 

this section and on a form prescribed by the board shall be predated and delivered to the 

person requesting the inspection or to the person's designated agent. A copy of each 

report shall be filed with the board at the time the report is delivered or not later than 10 

working days after the date the inspection is commenced, except an inspection report 

prepared for use by an attorney for litigation is not required to be filed with the board. 

The report shall be delivered to the person requesting the inspection, or to the person's 

designated agent, before work is commenced. The following shall be set forth in the 

report: 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"(6) A foundation diagram or sketch of the structure or structures or portions 

of the structure or structures inspected, indicating thereon the approximate location of 

any infested or infected areas evident, and the parts of the structure where conditions 

which would ordinarily subject those parts to attack by wood destroying pests or 

organisms exist. 

Unless otherwise indicated, all section references hereafter are to the Business and Professions Code. 

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"(7) Information regarding the substructure, foundation walls and footings, 

porches, patios and steps, air vents, abutments, attic spaces, roof framing that includes 

the eaves, rafters, fascias, exposed timbers, exposed sheathing, ceiling joists, and attic 

walls, or other parts subject to attack by wood destroying pests or organisms. 

Conditions usually deemed likely to lead to infestation or infection, such as earth wood 

contacts, excessive cellulose debris, faulty grade levels, excessive moisture conditions, 

evidence of roof leaks, and insufficient ventilation are to be reported. 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"(10) Recommendations for corrective measures. 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"(12) The inspection report shall clearly disclose that if requested by the 

person ordering the original report, a reinspection of the structure will be performed if 

an estimate or bid for making repairs was given with the original inspection report, or 

thereafter. 

"An estimate or bid for repairs shall be given separately allocating the costs to 

perform each and every recommendation for corrective measures as specified in 

subdivision (c) with the original inspection report if the person who ordered the original 

inspection report so requests, and if the registered company is regularly in the business 

of performing corrective measures. 

"If no estimate or bid was given with the original inspection report, or 

thereafter, then the registered company shall not be required to perform a reinspection. 

"A reinspection shall be an inspection of those items previously listed on an 

original report to determine if the recommendations have been completed. Each 

reinspection shall be reported on an original inspection report form and shall be labeled 

`Reinspection' in capital letters by rubber stamp or typewritten. Each reinspection 

shall also identify the original report by date and stamp numbers. 

"After four months from an original inspection, all inspections shall be original 

inspections and not reinspections. 

"Any reinspection shall be performed for not more than the price of the 

registered company's original inspection price and shall be completed within 10 

working days after a reinspection has been ordered. 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

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"(f) The report and any contract entered into shall also state specifically when 

any guarantee for the work is made, and if so, the specific terms of the guarantee and 

the period of time for which the guarantee shall be in effect. 

"(g) Control service is defined as the regular reinspection of a property after a 

report has been made in compliance with this section and such corrections as have been 

agreed upon have been completed. Under a control service agreement a registered 

company shall refer to the original report and contract in a manner as to identify them 

clearly, and the report shall be assumed to be a true report of the conditions as 

originally issued, except it may be modified after a control service inspection. A 

registered company is not required to issue a report as outlined in paragraphs (1) to (9), 

inclusive, of subdivision (b) after each control service inspection. If after control 

service inspection, no modification of the original report is made in writing, then it will 

be assumed that conditions are as originally reported. A control service contract shall 

state specifically the particular wood destroying pests or organisms and the portions of 

the buildings or structures covered by the contract. 

"(h) A registered company or licensee may enter into and maintain a control 

service agreement provided the following requirements are met: 

"(1) The control service agreement shall be in writing, signed by both parties, 

and shall specifically include the following: 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"(F) The frequency of the inspections to be provided, the fee to be charged for 

each renewal, and the duration of the agreement. 

"(G) Whether the fee includes structural repairs. 

"(H) If the services provided are guaranteed, and, if so, the terms of the 

guarantee. 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"(3) A full inspection of the property covered by the control service agreement 

shall be conducted and a report filed pursuant to subdivision (b) at least once every 

three years from the date that the agreement was entered into, unless the consumer 

cancels the contract within three years from the date the agreement was entered into. 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"(6) For purposes of this section, `control service agreement' means any 

agreement, including extended warranties, to have a licensee conduct over a period of 

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time regular inspections and other activities related to the control or eradication of 

wood destroying pests and organisms. 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ." 

1. Requiring Inspections 

The first question presented concerns whether all extended warranties executed by a 

licensed pest control operator must include periodic inspections as part of the agreement. While 

section 8516 clearly contemplates that some extended warranties will include regular inspections ('

8516, subd. (h)(6)), does the statute require all extended warranties to include the performance of 

inspection services? 

In examining the language of section 8516, we are guided by several principles of 

statutory construction. "When interpreting a statute our primary task is to determine the Legislature's 

intent." (Freedom Newspapers, Inc. v. Orange County Employees Retirement System (1993) 6 Cal.4th 

821, 826.) "In determining intent, we look first to the language of the statute, giving effect to its `plain 

meaning.'" (Kimmel v. Goland (1990) 51 Cal.3d 202, 208-209.) "To discern legislative intent, we 

must examine the legislative history and statutory context of the act under scrutiny." (Sands v. 

Superior Court (1983) 34 Cal.3d 567, 570; accord, Long Beach Police Officers Assn. v. City of Long 

Beach (1988) 46 Cal.3d 736, 743.) "[I]t is well established that reports of legislative committees and 

commissions are part of a statute's legislative history and may be considered when the meaning of a 

statute is uncertain. [Citations.]" (Hutnick v. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. (1988) 47 Cal.3d 

456, 465, fn. 7.) "`The words of the statute must be construed in context, keeping in mind the statutory 

purpose, and statutes or statutory sections relating to the same subject must be harmonized, both 

internally and with each other, to the extent possible.'" (Walnut Creek Manor v. Fair Employment & 

Housing Com. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 245, 268.) "We presume the Legislature intends to change the 

meaning of a law when it alters the statutory language . . . ." (Dix v. Superior Court (1991) 53 Cal.3d 

442, 461.) 

Applying these principles to the provisions of section 8516, we find that the statute 

does not specifically define the term "extended warranties." Subdivision (f) of section 8516 requires 

that the initial inspection report "shall . . . state specifically when any guarantee for the work is made, 

and if so, the specific terms of the guarantee and the period of time for which the guarantee shall be in 

effect." Subdivision (h)(1)(H) of section 8516 requires that a control service agreement shall specify 

"[i]f the services provided are guaranteed, and, if so, the terms of the guarantee." 

The word "warranty" is commonly defined as "a usu[ally] written guarantee of the 

integrity of a product and the good faith of the maker given to the purchaser and generally specifying 

that the maker will for a period of time be responsible for the repair or replacement of defective parts 

and will sometimes also provide periodic servicing (a one-year [warranty] on a television set)." 

(Webster's New Internat. Dict. (3d ed. 1971) p. 2578.) The word "extended" is commonly defined as 

"drawn out in length . . . esp[ecially] in length of time." (Id., at p. 804.) Nothing in the common 

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definitions of "extended" or "warranties" requires or precludes the performance of periodic inspections 

by the warrantor. 

The key language of section 8516 requiring interpretation is subdivision (h)(6). It 

defines a "control service agreement" as "any agreement, including extended warranties, to have a 

licensee conduct over a period of time regular inspections and other activities related to the control or 

eradication of wood destroying pests and organisms." The Legislature's choice of language is 

ambiguous. It could mean that all extended warranties are control service agreements or only those 

that "have a licensee conduct over a period of time regular inspections . . . ." Which did the 

Legislature intend? 

Obviously, an agreement that does not include periodic inspections could be priced 

lower than one that does. The property owner in such circumstances could contract separately with the 

licensee for inspections, or contract with another company, or possibly perform the inspections himself 

or herself. Inspection of the property by a different company might well be in the best interests of the 

consumer. On the other hand, it must be conceded that without any inspections, an extended warranty 

covering termite infestations would reduce the value of the warranty significantly. 

We believe that the legislative history of the 1993 amendment of 8516 which added 

subdivision (h) (Stats. 1993, ch. 269, ' 1) discloses what the Legislature intended. In the report of the 

Assembly Committee on Consumer Protection, Governmental Efficiency and Economic Development 

for its hearing of June 23, 1993, the proposed legislation was described in part as follows: 

"This bill would tighten requirements for control service and extended warranty 

agreements by requiring the company to perform a compete inspection, as specified, 

and to issue a report at least once every three years. 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

"Additionally, the bill codifies and clarifies what services must be provided to 

the consumer by a pest control company that offers a control service agreement. A key 

part of the stipulated agreement is a full inspection with a report filed at least once 

every three years. These agreements function as extended warranties." 

Based upon this legislative history, it is clear that all extended warranties are to include follow-up 

inspections in order for consumers to be properly protected. Extended warranties constitute control 

service agreements. The Legislature intended for property owners to receive periodic inspections and 

notification of any further infestation and the need for corrective measures covered by their warranties. 

In answer to the first question, therefore, we conclude that all extended warranties 

executed by a structural pest control operator must include the performance of periodic inspections. 

2. Retroactive Application 

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The second inquiry concerns whether the requirements of subdivision (h) of section 

8516 with respect to the execution of control service agreements apply to agreements executed prior to 

January 1, 1994, the effective date of the statutory amendment. We conclude that the statutory 

requirements apply only to agreements executed after January 1, 1994. 

Unless passed as an urgency measure, which goes into effect immediately upon 

enactment, a statute enacted at a regular session of the Legislature goes into effect on January 1 of the 

following year. (Cal. Const., art. IV, ' 8, subd. (c)(1).) Once in effect, a statute may have retroactive 

application by affecting the rights, obligations, acts, transactions, or conditions which were performed 

or existed prior to the adoption of the statute. (Borden v. Division of Medical Quality (1994) 30 

Cal.App.4th 874, 880.) However, legislation may not be retroactively applied when it constitutes an 

impairment of an existing contract. (U.S. Const., art. 1, ' 10; Cal. Const., art. 1, ' 9; In re Marriage of 

Hilke (1992) 4 Cal.4th 215, 222.) 

In this instance, we need not determine the constitutionality of applying section 8516 

retroactively. Rather, we may rely upon the governing principles of statutory construction in 

concluding that the 1993 amendment to section 8516 was not intended by the Legislature to be applied 

retroactively. As stated by the Supreme Court in Evangelatos v. Superior Court (1988) 44 Cal. 3d 

1188, 1207: 

"[S]tatutes are not to be given a retrospective operation unless it is clearly made 

to appear by express language or clear and unavoidable implication that such was the 

legislative intent." 

We have found no indication in the language of section 8516 itself or in the legislative 

history of the 1993 amendment suggesting that the Legislature intended the new requirements to apply 

retroactively. As explained in Legislative Counsel's Digest, the purpose of the 1993 legislation was to 

"allow a registered company or licensee to enter into and maintain a control services agreement." In 

the report of the Senate Business and Professions Committee for its hearing of April 26, 1993, the 

proposed legislation was described in part as follows: 

". . . Existing regulations of the SPCB (16 Cal. Code of Regulations 1998) 

contain requirements that must be met whenever a company enters into a so-called 

`control services agreement' (maintenance contract). 

"This bill would allow a registered company or licensee to enter into and 

maintain a control services agreement regarding work applicable to wood destroying 

pests or organisms if specified requirements are met. . . . 

". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

". . . The bill is . . . intended to provide better protection to consumers who 

enter into control service agreements with structural pest control companies by clearly 

establishing in statute what requirements must be met. 

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"The bill would enact a statutory provision that would codify the SPCB's 

current regulations (16 CCR 1998) relative to control service agreements plus a few 

additional requirements. The specified requirements include that: (1) Agreements 

must be in writing and specify various items such as what pests are being controlled, 

the type and manner of treatment to be employed, the frequency of inspections to be 

provided, the fee and whether structural repairs are included; (2) Inspections be made at 

least once every 3 years, and be done by a licensee in the appropriate `branch' 

(classification) of structural pest control; and (3) Written reports be issued unless 

specified conditions are met." 

Based upon the language of section 8516 and the Legislature's intent as expressed in the 

legislative history of the 1993 amendment, we conclude that the statutory requirements for executing a 

control service agreement by a structural pest control operator do not apply to agreements executed 

prior to January 1, 1994. 

* * * * * 

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