HowtoOptimallyLocateandDesignFracPitsNovember19,2014<PGolderAssociatesFallishere•VolatileweatherHurricanesHeavyrain,flashflooding•LeavesareturningcolorsandfallingRoadslipperyduringrainTakecarenottoparkatopleafpiles•DayswillbegettingshorterPayattentiontoschoolbuses2WorkSafe,HomeSafe•VeronicaFoster,PE-ProjectManager/Director>Associate&SeniorEngineeringConsultant>Nearly25yearswithGolder>ProfessionalEngineerinDE,MD,NJ,PA>25+yearsofinvestigation,design,permitting,andconstructionexperience•!•Landfills(MSW,CD&D,IncineratorAsh,CoalAsh)•:•RemediationSites(olddumps,brownfields)•:•Containmentsystems•:•Rail(cargoandhigh-speedcommuter)•!•Traditionalgrading/drainageissues3WorkSafe,HomeSafe•Optimizinglocationoffracpits/sitingwellpad•Evaluatingpermanentvs.temporaryfracpitoptions•Selectingmaterialsforpitliners•Locationoffracpitsonpad4WorkSafe,HomeSafe•Proximity>Neighbors·:·Schools•:•Houses•:•Wildliferefuges·:·Nursery•:•Emergencyresponders•:•Hospital•:•Businesses•:•Farms/livestockWatersupply>Haulingroutes)>DrinkingwaterwellimpactsWorkSafe,HomeSafe5•AboveGround>WetlandsFloodplains>Ponds)>Topography>Linearinfrastructure(pipelines,accessroads)•BelowGround>Groundwater>Bedrock)>Surface-mineunconsolidatedmaterialCoal(clayandlimestone)minesSpatialanalysismodules•Characterizeprojectsites•Supportsitingoffacilities•Visualizeoutputs....-..,.•···::.::.:g=::=•--"'_..,_,------.-WorkSafe,HomeSafe6(/JtGolderAssociatesEvaluatingsupportsystems•Water•Roadways•RoadweightrestrictionsWorkSafe,HomeSafel..7ro<(.t=.t::::0zExample-TransportationAnalysis•Routinganalysistooptimizetrucktransportation8WorkSafe,HomeSafe\Zr.AssociatesExample-TransportationAnalysis•Traveltime/distance-Serviceareaanalysistoallocatewaterresources9WorkSafe,HomeSafe\Zr.AssociatesEvaluatecorridorstoconnectwellpadsandmodeltheroutingoflinearinfrastructurerequiredforashalegasdevelopment•Pipelines•Waterconduits•AccessroadsWorkSafe,HomeSafe10fitGolder\Z1Associates•Impactofinterceptingminevoidswithdrillingactivities•Impactofunconsolidatedminespoilsondrillingactivities•Impactoffinancialdamagesoncurrentlyoperatingandfuture•m1nesWorkSafe,HomeSafe010lO10-40.-J:C&I1'rr'1'•'0103J)0C)50liiDfl*ln11EXPLANATION•0An>:!OCC03I·beGJ•ngIOdtCJofnoo..coa_....bea:tlngrodl:•MinekiC!IUon-ex:tentunkn0\\11DcounrywtlllabandOneCImineS•Welllocationsaredeterminedbaseduponthesitingconsiderations•Timetodesignyourwellpadandfracpits12WorkSafe,HomeSafe•Changeto"short-term"and"long-term"usage•"Short-term"usage12months,orless,in-place1-2wellsOn-padonlyuse•"Long-term"usageIn-useforseveralyearsOn-padwith4+wellsMultipleuse-multiplepadsCentralizedimpoundments13WorkSafe,HomeSafe•Notdiscussedfurtherintoday'ssession•UsingBestManagementPractices(BMPs)forshaleplaydrillpit/waterimpoundmentcontainmentwillprovidethefollowing:>HealthandsafetyoftheworkersProtectionofhumanhealthandtheenvironmentPracticalapplication>Proven-technology(industry-standards)Re-useable14WorkSafe,HomeSafe4"'--'-Short-TermApplication•PortableTanks(e.g.,"Baker,""wheelies,"etc.)-oftenusedaspartofa"closedloop"systemPicturecourtesyofWichitaTanksWorkSafe,HomeSafe15PROSEliminateopentopContinuousrecycling/reuseofwaterMinimizelossduetoevaporationReducetruckhaulingofwaterQuickmob/demobCONS$35-$50/dayfor10,000galloncapacityLimitedcapacityMustcleanoutbeforereturnorbuythem•PortableTanks-opentopPicturecourtesyofLayfieldTanks16WorkSafe,HomeSafePROSTypical50kgalloncapacityContinuousrecycling/reuseofwaterReducetruckhaulingofwaterQuickmob/demobRe-usetheshell/rimCONSLosstoevaporationduetoopentopHistoryoffailures;regulatorreluctanceLimitedcapacityOne-usesingle-liner(mustbedisposedafteruse)•PortableTanks-opentopPicturecourtesyofLayfieldTanks17WorkSafe,HomeSafeMobileWaterImpoundments(MWis)SystemDesign•Steelsupportframedesignedbyastructuralengineertoretainwaterupto10feetdeep.•Reinforcedgeomembraneisalsosupportedbyahighstrengthgeogrid.•Geogridsupportsthelinerbetweensteelsupportsandeliminatesunduestressonthegeomembrane.•Anonwovengeotextileisusedundertheentiresystemtoprovideacushioninglayerbeneaththelinersystem.•Goodforcentralizedimpoundments.18WorkSafe,HomeSafeLong-TermApplication-MWIMWIFrameAssembly19WorkSafe,HomeSafe*SteelSupport___....FrameLoadingRetainedWaterUpto10FeetDeep__j*ImperviousGeomembrantNaturalBedMaterialMWIFrame&LinerSystemAssemblyWorkSafe,HomeSafe20MWILinerSystemTerminationWorkSafe,HomeSafe2122WorkSafe,HomeSafePROSTypical1M-6MgalloncapacityContinuousrecycling/re-useofwaterQuickmob/demob-15-20daystobuildMaximumheightof10feetRe-usethestrutsandmuchoflinerCONSLosstoevaporationduetoopentopHaulingwater-significantTop-liner(likelydisposedafteruse)23WorkSafe,HomeSafe24WorkSafe,HomeSafeLong-TermApplication-LinedPits•Notthis-issues:Linersystemstability;wrinklegetshunguponequipmentin/outofimpoundment;burrowinganimals25WorkSafe,HomeSafe\Zr.Associates•Stable,preparedsubgrade-6-inchthicklayerofmaterial<3/8-inches•LiningSystem>60-milLLDPEorHOPEtextured(bothsides)geomembrane>Nonwovengeotextile(commonlycalled"engineeredfelt")>Backupbarrierlayers?WorkSafe,HomeSafe26•Liningsystemiscustom-fittedtothesubgrade,bybeinginstalledon-site•Stableontheslopes-becausetheentirepanelisinintimatecontact•Fewwrinklestobetorn27WorkSafe,HomeSafe28WorkSafe,HomeSafePROSTypical2M-1MgalloncapacityContinuousrecycling/re-useofwaterQuickmob/demob-5-10daystoinstalllinerMaximumheightof15-feetCONSLosstoevaporationduetoopentopHaulingwater-significantTop-liner(likelydisposedafteruse)•Workersafety•Installationmethods•Timingofinstallation•Containmentcapability•Perimetercontainment•Resistancetotearand/orpuncture•Materialavailability•Proofcontainmentintact(linertesting)•Inspection,maintenance,andrepair•Decommissioningandremoval29WorkSafe,HomeSafe•Documentationoftheinstallationoftheliningsystem>In-fieldtestingofeveryseamandweld>Full-timemonitoringofinstallationbyIndependentConstructionQualityAssurance>Constructiondocumentationreport,includingpanellayoutdrawingandallin-fieldtestingdataforseams•Documentationoftheintegrity(i.e.,leak-proof)ofthelinersystem>Beforeitisputintoservice>Aftertakenoutofservice,beforedismantling30WorkSafe,HomeSafe•3ofthe4mostfrequentlyusedoptionsaregeosynthetics•Whichindustriesaremost-directlyapplicable?SOLIDWASTE•Why?Allaboutcontainment,compatibilitywithharshchemicals30yeartrackrecordofgeosyntheticsuseProvenCQAmethods/protocolsthatareapprovedbyUSEPAandstateDEPsforprimarycontainmentofsolidandindustrialwaste31WorkSafe,HomeSafe32WorkSafe,HomeSafeIllGolder\Zii:Associates33WorkSafe,HomeSafeIllGolder\Zii:Associates34WorkSafe,HomeSafeIllGolder\Zii:Associates35WorkSafe,HomeSafeIllGolder\Zii:Associates36WorkSafe,HomeSafeIllGolder\Zii:AssociatesDifferentialCostsoftheOptionsShort-TermOptionsOptionClosedTanks*(10,000gallons)OpenTank{50,000gallons)*Assume4monthsofuseLong-TermOptionsOptionMobileImpoundments{1M-6Mgallons)LinedPits{2M-7Mgallons)++IncludessoilexcavationforpitconstructionCapitalCostpergallon$0.30-$0.40$0.25-$0.55CapitalCostpergallon$0.22-$0.38$0.08-$0.20DecommissionCostpergallon$0.12-$0.25$0.08-$0.20DecommissionCostpergallon$0.05-$0.15$0.05-$0.10Costsexcludeconstructioncostsforpadearthworks,rockledge/bedrockexcavation,accessroads,andpadcontainment37WorkSafe,HomeSafeSeveralconsiderations..•On-padtruckroutestodeliverwater•Naturaltopographyofthesurroundingarea•Sizeofthelandlease•Proximityofthepublicroadtothedrillingoperations•Proximitytothelandowner'shouse•Locationofbedrock38WorkSafe,HomeSafe•SeveralconsiderationsWorkSafe,HomeSafe39IllGolder\Zii:Associates•SeveralconsiderationsWorkSafe,HomeSafe401ftGolder\ZFIAssodates•SeveralconsiderationsWorkSafe,HomeSafe411ftGolder\ZFIAssodates•Severalconsiderations42(/JGoJderAssociatesWorkSafe,HomeSafe•Optimizinglocationoffracpits/sitingwellpad•Evaluatingpermanentvs.temporaryfracpitoptions•Selectingmaterialsforpitliners•Locationoffracpitsonpad43WorkSafe,HomeSafePRIORITIES.CREATIVITY..ANDINNOVATION44WorkSafe,HomeSafeAJtGolder\:E/AssoclatesFormoreinformation,feelfreetocontactme:VeronicaFoster,PEAssociateandSeniorEngineeringConsultant(724)935-6400(Pittsburghoffice)(856)793-2005(Philadelphiaoffice)(856)904-7434(cell)veronicafoster@golder.com45WorkSafe,HomeSafe