{"id":512884,"date":"2023-09-20T11:29:52","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T15:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?p=512884"},"modified":"2023-09-25T14:24:33","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T18:24:33","slug":"disruption-tolerant-networking-experiments-with-optical-communications-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/disruption-tolerant-networking-experiments-with-optical-communications-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Disruption Tolerant Networking Experiments with Optical Communications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD) is one of the instruments on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE), which was launched from NASA\u2019s Wallops Flight Facility on September 6. On October 18, LLCD made history by transmitting a pulsed laser beam from the Moon to the White Sands Complex in New Mexico at 622 megabits per second (Mbps) \u2013 more than six times faster than traditional radio signals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the days since, LLCD has performed a number of different experiments including:  sending signals to the European Space Agency (ESA) station in the Tenerife, Canary Islands, sending LADEE\u2019s entire spacecraft and science data to the ground, and testing how the laser beam will react during the Moon\u2019s different phases. One of the lesser known experiments happened in mid-November where Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) was incorporated in the experiments. DTN is a step towards an interplanetary or space internet that seeks to improve communications by storing data when a connection is interrupted and forward it to its destination through the use of relay stations or nodes.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg?w=602\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg 602w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg?resize=300,230 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg?resize=400,306 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg?resize=600,459 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This photo was taken at the Mars Internet Architecture Meeting at JPL on March 3, 1999 and was sent through the LLCD link on November 20, 2013. Back Row: Howard Weiss, Robert Durst, Bob Braden, Leonard Kleinrock, Vint Cerf, Adrian Hooke, Deborah Estrin, Leigh Torgerson, and Eric Travis.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The LLCD\/ DTN experiment utilized a virtual lunar relay scenario, complete with three lunar surface users, a lunar relay, an Earth ground station, and user control centers.  Each user node transferred data utilizing a method of bundling similar bulk data called the DTN Bundle Protocol. The real optical links between LLCD and the Lunar Laser Ground Terminal (LLGT) in White Sands, NM carried the lunar relay trunkline traffic of DTN bundles. This was the first ever demonstration of DTN bundle protocol and point to point deep space transmission known as the Licklider Transmission Protocol (LTP) over spacecraft optical links. These DTN protocols provided reliable data transfer over the optical links, even when cloud outages occurred. Optical links do not favor well in cloudy weather, as the mist interrupts the narrow beam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The demonstrations also included the transfer of files using the international standard of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) over the DTN protocols. Various image files were used for the test, including photos from the early meeting days of DTN and several photos of one of DTN\u2019s biggest proponents, Adrian Hooke, who passed away in January 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information about the demonstration, please contact:<br><strong>David Israel<\/strong><br>Goddard Space Flight Center<br><a href=\"mailto:david.j.israel@nasa.gov\">david.j.israel@nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD) is one of the instruments on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE), which was launched from NASA\u2019s Wallops Flight Facility on September 6. On October 18, LLCD made history by transmitting a pulsed laser beam from the Moon to the White Sands Complex in New Mexico at [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":323,"featured_media":512889,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3315,10576,3207,11047],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[11359],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Disruption Tolerant Networking Experiments with Optical Communications","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/disruption-tolerant-networking-experiments-with-optical-communications-2\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/disruption-tolerant-networking-experiments-with-optical-communications-2\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg"},"articleSection":"NASA Directorates","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Catherine G. Manning"}],"creator":["Catherine G. Manning"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Technology","Communicating and Navigating with Missions","Space Communications Technology","Space Communications & Navigation Program","Laser Communications Relay"],"dateCreated":"2023-09-20T15:29:52Z","datePublished":"2023-09-20T15:29:52Z","dateModified":"2023-09-25T18:24:33Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Disruption Tolerant Networking Experiments with Optical Communications\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/disruption-tolerant-networking-experiments-with-optical-communications-2\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-09-20T15:29:52Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"NASA Directorates\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Technology,Communicating and Navigating with Missions,Space Communications Technology,Space Communications & Navigation Program,Laser Communications Relay\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Catherine G. Manning\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":2,"time_ago":"9 months","featured_image":{"id":512889,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/dtn-article.jpg","title":"dtn-article","alt":"","caption":"This photo was taken at the Mars Internet Architecture Meeting at JPL on March 3, 1999 and was sent through the LLCD link on November 20, 2013. Back Row: Howard Weiss, Robert Durst, Bob Braden, Leonard Kleinrock, Vint Cerf, Adrian Hooke, Deborah Estrin, Leigh Torgerson, and Eric Travis."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512884"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/323"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=512884"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":520930,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512884\/revisions\/520930"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/512889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=512884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=512884"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=512884"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=512884"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=512884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}