{"id":349181,"date":"2023-06-13T12:03:14","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T16:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=349181"},"modified":"2023-09-29T19:22:59","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T23:22:59","slug":"core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience\/","title":{"rendered":"Core Area of Expertise: Aeroscience"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>Ames Research Center<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 \"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\"><nav><ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\"><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/\">Ames Home<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>About Ames<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none 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class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience\/\">Aerosciences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-air-traffic-management\/\">Air Traffic Management<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-biology-and-astrobiology\/\">Biology and Astrobiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-cost-effective-space-missions\/\">Cost-Effective Space Missions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-entry-systems\/\">Entry Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-intelligent-and-adaptive-systems\/\">Intelligent\/Adaptive Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-space-and-earth-science\/\">Space and Earth Science<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Missions<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon 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id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/gallery\/ames\/\">Featured Images<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/ails.arc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Image Library<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/nasaames\" rel=\"noopener\">Videos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/images.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Images and Video<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/visit-ames-research-center\/\">Visit Ames<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t<div class=\"padding-0 bg-spacesuit-white wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-page-intro hds-page-intro-banner width-full maxw-full padding-0 hds-cover-wrapper minh-tablet\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-top-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"page-heading-md line-height-sm color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAeroscience\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA\u2019s Ames Research Center is one of a few NASA Centers that has been conducting aeroscience research using wind tunnels, flight testing, and complex computational analysis for decades. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1363\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Tiny figures stand inside the football field-size air intake of the 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex, located at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2021. This photo was taken during a visit by the Blue Angels, the flight demonstration squadron of the U.S. Navy.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 53% 49%; object-position: 53% 49%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg 4928w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=2048,1363 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=900,599 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=1200,799 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?resize=2000,1331 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Aeroscience and Wind Tunnel Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Aeroscience focuses on engineering activities to support flight and the understanding of fluid dynamics \u2013 the study of how air and liquids, referred to collectively as \u201cfluids,\u201d flow around objects. This discipline uses a variety of methods, from sophisticated computer modeling and simulation to actual flight tests. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Engineers have used wind tunnels to test and design better aircraft for more than 100 years. The advent of wind tunnels gave researchers a way to simulate flight conditions and test aircraft designs by moving air past a stationary model or prototype. The results are similar to those attained by testing an object while speeding through the air. These models can be scaled down to toy-size or even life-sized vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wind tunnels are a key element to NASA\u2019s ground testing of many new aircraft and spacecraft to provide a way to ensure they will fly as designed. High-performance computers allow full-scale modeling and simulations to evaluate a broad range of test conditions, while wind tunnels provide more accurate, detailed testing of a smaller set of conditions. Today, test and software engineers at Ames work hand-in-hand to help design better and safer aircraft and spacecraft. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/parachute_0.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/parachute_0.gif?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A Mars-type parachute, similar to the one installed on the Mars 2020 spacecraft, is tested in a wind tunnel\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A Mars-type parachute, similar to the one installed on the Mars 2020 spacecraft, is tested at the United States Air Force National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 80-by-120-foot wind tunnel at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley. Deployment tests at Ames with the wind tunnel running at about 75 mph proved that these parachutes could withstand the forces they would see while opening in the Martian atmosphere at speeds over 1,000 mph. The parachute is a key component of the Mars 2020 mission\u2019s entry systems that will deliver the Perseverance rover to the surface of the Red Planet.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eu003cemu003eCredits: NASAu003c\/emu003eu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ames\u2019 Role and Facilities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ames is one of a few NASA Centers that has been conducting aeroscience research using wind tunnels, flight testing, and complex computational analysis for decades. Ames was established in 1939 as part of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics \u2014 NASA\u2019s predecessor \u2014 to help the United States make rapid technological advancements in aviation and reveal the basics of flight.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA uses wind tunnels to test spacecraft and rockets. These vehicles are designed to operate in space, but spacecraft and rockets have to travel through Earth\u2019s atmosphere to get there. Vehicles that return to Earth or go on to land on other planets also must travel through an atmosphere and their performance is evaluated using wind tunnels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel complex at Ames is one of the busiest wind tunnels at NASA today. It has played a vital role in testing generations of NASA\u2019s aircraft and space vehicles from every crewed spaceflight program. The most recent projects to take essential steps forward in their design within these tunnel walls, include NASA\u2019s newest X-plane \u2013 the <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW148765724 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/X59\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">quiet, supersonic X-59<\/a> \u2013 and NASA\u2019s next great rocket \u2013 the <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW148765724 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/exploration\/systems\/sls\/index.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Space Launch System<\/a> \u2013 as well as the <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW148765724 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/orionfirstflight\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Orion<\/a> capsule. It also is used to support the aerospace industry and government partners by testing commercial and military aircraft.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> The two tunnel test sections have a unique capability to analyze models at the speed of sound and up to about 2.5 times faster, or at supersonic speeds. The complex features the \u201ctest section of the future\u201d with large, specialized windows in the tunnel side walls, ceiling and floor that let researchers capture images for air flow visualization techniques. The Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel team recently used their years of experience testing the Orion capsule to help SpaceX design and run tests of their Dragon spacecraft, which successfully carried American astronauts to the <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW148765724 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/station\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">International Space Station<\/a> from American soil as part of NASA\u2019s <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW148765724 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/commercialcrew\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Commercial Crew Program<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Home to the world\u2019s two largest wind tunnels, the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex at Ames is used to determine how air flows around full-scale vehicles and large-scale test models at speeds as fast as 115 miles per hour. The first test section, built by NACA in 1944, has a cross-sectional area of 40 feet by 80 feet. In 1987, NASA added the second tunnel test section, which measures 80 feet by 120 feet. The tunnels are managed and operated by the U.S. Air Force, and provide vital wind testing for some of the nation\u2019s most sophisticated commercial and military aircraft, spacecraft, wind turbines, trucks and even the huge parachutes NASA uses to safely land rovers on Mars. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Learn More:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW261039637 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/wind-tunnels\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Testing on the Ground Before You Fly: Wind Tunnels at NASA Ames<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure these materials and designs can get the job done, Ames researchers simulate atmospheric entry on the ground through testing. Specialized facilities within the Ames Arc Jet Complex simulate the aerothermodynamic heating that a spacecraft endures throughout hypersonic atmospheric entry to planets, and also tests potential thermal protection materials. In these facilities, chambers simulate entry conditions by artificially creating plasma at temperatures of about 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit and blasting it at high speeds against heat shield test models to see how they perform. This gives researchers the ability to simulate what the heat shield will experience during entry, providing data to improve and certify designs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fluid Mechanics Laboratory<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW221319046 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/aeronautics\/fml\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Fluid Mechanics Laboratory<\/a>, engineers can predict how even minor alterations in shapes change flow patterns, which affects the performance of the vehicle. The 2-by 2-foot wind tunnel is capable of different speeds and releasing controlled smoke flow over surfaces, highlighted with laser light to increase flow visibility. The facility also features a 17-inch water channel, which uses florescent dye dispensed into the fluid flow under black lights, to show flow patterns. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Learn more: <\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW84848800 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/nasa-turns-world-cup-into-lesson-in-aerodynamics\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Turns World Cup into Lesson in Aerodynamics<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Featured Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Supersonic Flight: Helping Us All Fly Faster<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>When an aircraft flies overhead faster than the speed of sound, people on the ground below hear a loud, startling sound, commonly called a sonic boom. These booms can be bothersome. Currently, commercial supersonic jets are limited to over-water routes.\u202fNASA, in partnership with Lockheed Martin, have been conducting groundbreaking research on piloted experimental aircraft and through recent wind tunnel tests and computational studies to help reduce the sonic boom to a much quieter \u201csonic thump\u201d sound.\u202fThe data gathered from these tests will pave the way for commercial supersonic flight over land and sea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Learn more<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW64711648 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/X59\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">X-59 Quiet Supersonic Flight Over Land<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Advancing Rotor Designs with the Tiltrotor Test Rig <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tiltrotors are a type of aircraft capable of transitioning from vertical takeoff to forward flight. They will serve as an essential component for some of the craft used as air taxis in the future of <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW159172946 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aam\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Advanced Air Mobility<\/a>. NASA developed the <a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW159172946 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/feature\/unique-tiltrotor-test-rig-to-begin-operational-runs-at-nasa-ames\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tiltrotor Test Rig<\/a> to study advanced rotor blade designs and behavior \u2013 like the blades helicopters use to fly \u2013 as large as 50 feet in diameter and up to speeds of 300 knots (345 miles per hour). \u202f <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1638\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The Tiltrotor Test Rig, a test bed for studying new rotor blades, in a wind tunnel\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=2048,1638 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ttr_95372_acd17-0213-003.jpg?resize=2000,1600 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The Tiltrotor Test Rig, a test bed developed by NASA to study advanced designs for rotor blades, is seen in the 40- by 80-foot test section of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex at NASA’s Ames Research Center, in November 2017. Pictured are Gina Willink and Ghris Hartley.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eu003cemu003eCredits: NASA\/Ames Research Center\/Dominic Hartu003c\/emu003eu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Learning to Land a Spacecraft on Mars <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The huge capacity of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex wind tunnels made it possible to test the parachute that helped land NASA\u2019s Mars Science Laboratory, including the Curiosity rover, on Mars. Engineers used the NFAC to test the redesigned and strengthened the parachute that the\u202fMars 2020 spacecraft\u202f\u2013 carrying the Perseverance roverb deployed during entry into the Martian atmosphere in February 2021. Both parachutes measure more than 165 feet in length and open to a diameter of nearly 51 feet. The parachute is inflated at a low-speed on Earth to simulate the forces the system will need to withstand while entering Mars\u2019 less-dense atmosphere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The design for the parachute that will land the Mars 2020 spacecraft on the Red Planet was tested inside the world\u2019s largest wind tunnel at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex. The parachute measures more than 165 feet in length and opens to a diameter of nearly 51 feet \u2013 with only about 12.5 feet of clearance to both the floor and ceiling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Learn more:  <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/mars2020\" rel=\"noopener\">Ames Contributions to Mars 2020 Mission <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u200bVisualizing Shockwaves of Aircraft <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Airborne Background Oriented Schlieren Imaging (AirBOS) is a way to visualize the\u202fshockwaves\u202fand rapid pressure changes which are produced when an aircraft flies faster than the speed of sound, or supersonic . AirBOS works by flying a slow-moving observer airplane equipped with high-speed digital cameras, looking down at the landscape. The cameras record this landscape while awaiting the passage of the supersonic aircraft though the cameras\u2019 fields-of-view. In the case of a supersonic aircraft, shock waves\u202fform and create highly compressed air disturbances around the vehicle. The air is so compressed that it bends the path of a ray of light. This bending, or distortion, changes the pattern the camera recorded before the plane entered its field of view. The images are then processed to calculate the amount of distortion the shockwaves caused to better understand how shocks interact with aircraft plumes, as well as with each other. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1113\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Two U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School T-38 aircraft flying in formation at supersonic speed.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg 2384w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=300,163 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=768,418 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=1024,557 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=1536,835 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=2048,1113 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=400,217 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=600,326 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=900,489 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=1200,652 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/f4_p4_red_planedrop.jpg?resize=2000,1087 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Using the schlieren photography technique, NASA was able to capture the first air-to-air images of the interaction of shockwaves from two supersonic aircraft flying in formation. These two U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School T-38 aircraft are flying in formation, approximately 30 feet apart, at supersonic speeds, or faster than the speed of sound, producing shockwaves that are typically heard on the ground as a sonic boom. The images, originally monochromatic and shown here as colorized composite images, were captured during a supersonic flight series flown, in part, to better understand how shocks interact with aircraft plumes, as well as with each other.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cstrongu003eu003cemu003eCredits: NASAu003c\/emu003eu003c\/strongu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Learn more:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW17129381 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/armstrong\/features\/supersonic-shockwave-interaction.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Captures First Air-to-Air Images of Supersonic Shockwave Interaction in Flight<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/careers\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Careers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1229\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg 6607w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2048,1639 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2000,1600 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA Centers and Facilities<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg 5752w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=300,195 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=768,500 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1024,666 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1536,1000 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=2048,1333 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=400,260 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=600,390 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=900,586 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=1200,781 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s69-40022orig.jpg?resize=2000,1301 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Artemis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/images\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA Images<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1236\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg 2961w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=300,241 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=768,618 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1024,824 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1536,1236 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=2048,1648 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=400,322 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=600,483 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=900,724 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=1200,965 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/gpn-2001-000014.jpg?resize=2000,1609 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>About Aeroscience and Wind Tunnel Testing Aeroscience focuses on engineering activities to support flight and the understanding of fluid dynamics \u2013 the study of how air and liquids, referred to collectively as \u201cfluids,\u201d flow around objects. This discipline uses a variety of methods, from sophisticated computer modeling and simulation to actual flight tests.  Engineers have [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":195,"featured_media":164989,"parent":122533,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[10441],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Core Area of Expertise: Aeroscience","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg"},"articleSection":"General","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jerry Colen"}],"creator":["Jerry Colen"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2023-06-13T16:03:14Z","datePublished":"2023-06-13T16:03:14Z","dateModified":"2023-09-29T23:22:59Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Core Area of Expertise: Aeroscience\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/core-area-of-expertise-aeroscience\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-06-13T16:03:14Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"General\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Jerry Colen\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":8,"time_ago":"1 year","featured_image":{"id":164989,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/acd21-0026-020.jpg","title":"80 by 120 foot wind tunnel at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex","alt":"Tiny figures stand inside the football field-size air intake of the 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex, located at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2021. This photo was taken during a visit by the Blue Angels, the flight demonstration squadron of the U.S. Navy.","caption":"Tiny figures stand inside the football field-size air intake of the 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex, located at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2021. This photo was taken during a visit by the Blue Angels, the flight demonstration squadron of the U.S. Navy."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/349181"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/topic"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/195"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/349181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":507226,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/349181\/revisions\/507226"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/122533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/164989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=349181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=349181"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=349181"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=349181"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=349181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}