[Cite as Toth v. Toth, 2013-Ohio-845.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

JENNIFER S. TOTH 

 Plaintiff-Appellant 

-vsFRANK E. TOTH, JR. 

 Defendant-Appellee 

JUDGES: 

: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. 

: Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. 

: Hon. John W. Wise, J. 

: 

: 

: Case No. 2012-CA-21 

: 

: 

: O P I N I O N

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Guernsey County 

Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 11-DR78 

JUDGMENT: Affirmed 

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 7, 2013 

APPEARANCES: 

For Plaintiff-Appellant For Defendant-Appellee 

JENNIFER TOTH PRO SE DANIEL PADDEN 

8020 NE 178 Lane, Unit 6 Tribbie, Scott, Plummer & Padden 

Kenmore, WA 98028 139 West 8th Street 

 P.O. Box 640 

 Cambridge, OH 43725-0640 
[Cite as Toth v. Toth, 2013-Ohio-845.]

Gwin, P.J. 

{¶1} Appellant Jennifer S. Toth [“Mother”] appeals the August 22, 2012 

judgment entry of the Guernsey County Court of Common Pleas denying her motion to 

modify parental rights and responsibilities filed July 31, 2012, as well as overruling 

several contempt motions she had filed against appellee Frank E. Toth, Jr. [“Father”]. 

Facts and Procedural History 

{¶2} On June 17, 2011, Mother and Father were granted a divorce. The parties 

have two children, B.T. (07/02/2000) and C.T. (12/09/2004). Mother was named the 

residential parent of the parties’ children. 

{¶3} On August 11, 2011, Mother filed her notice of intent to relocate with the 

children to the State of Washington. On August 25, 2011, Mother filed her “Reasons for 

Relocation.” On August 26, 2011, Father filed his memorandum contra to Mother’s 

motion. Also on that date, Father filed a motion to modify parental rights and 

responsibilities. 

{¶4} On September 7, 2011, the magistrate granted father’s request for the 

court to interview the minor children in-camera. The court conducted the interviews on 

September 8, 2011. 

{¶5} On September 13, 2011, the trial court conducted an evidentiary hearing 

upon Mother’s intent to relocate and Father’s motion to modify. By Judgment Entry filed 

September 16, 2011, the magistrate ruled, 

 1...if Mother moves to Washington State, Father would be named 

the residential parent of the minor children. If [sic.] is further ORDERED

that the children are not to be removed from the jurisdiction of this court. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 3 

 2. If Mother chooses to stay in the area, then there is no change of 

circumstances and there would be no modification of the order except that 

the parties are ORDERED to participate with the parenting coordinator by 

separate entry. 

* * * 

{¶6} By Judgment Entry filed September 16, 2011 the trial court appointed a 

Parenting Coordinator to facilitate visitation and communication between the parties. 

{¶7} On October 3, 2011, the trial court granted Mother an extension of time to 

October 14, 2011 to file her objections to the magistrate’s decision. 

{¶8} On October 12, 2011, Mother filed a motion for contempt alleging that 

Father was not taking B.T. to his soccer games and was dropping the children at 

mother’s home without verifying that she was at home. 

{¶9} By Judgment Entry filed November 14, 20111

, the trial court noted that the 

transcript of the September 13, 2011 evidentiary hearing was filed on November 10, 

2011. Accordingly, Mother had fourteen days from that time in which to file her 

objections to the magistrate’s decision. By Judgment Entry filed November 28, 2011, 

the trial court granted Mother and additional fourteen days to file her objections to the 

September 16, 2011 decision of the magistrate. 

{¶10} Mother filed her objections to the magistrate’s decision on December 8, 

2011. Father filed his memorandum contra on December 23, 2011. By Judgment Entry 

filed January 19, 2012, the trial court adopted in part and modified in part the 

magistrate’s decision as follows, 

 1

 On October 14, 2011, the magistrate had granted Mother fourteen days after the filing of the 

transcript to file her objections. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 4 

 The Court finds the Objections should be GRANTED in part and 

MODIFIED to remove reference to “...if the Mother chooses to move to 

Washington State...” There then later may be a change of circumstances 

where additional facts and evidence would be needed to make appropriate 

findings. 

 Based upon the state of the record at this time, it is clear the 

Mother has not chosen to relocate to the State of Washington and, 

therefore the Magistrate made a proper Finding of Fact and Conclusions 

of Law based upon the current record before the Court. Obviously, should 

Plaintiff decide she is later going to move to the State of Washington, she 

would then again have to give notice to the Court and at that time the 

Court would conduct further hearing to determine whether circumstances 

then warranted any further action by the court. The Plaintiff’s Objections to 

allow an immediate change of custody based on circumstances which do 

not yet exist is proper. 

Magistrate’s Decision is adopted in part and modified in part. 

* * * 

{¶11} Neither party appealed the trial court’s January 19, 2012 decision. 

{¶12} On February 3, 2012, Mother filed her second notice of intent to relocate. 

The notice did not contain a proper proof of service as noted by the trial court’s March 

13, 2012 judgment entry. Accordingly, Mother re-filed her notice of intent to relocate to 

the State of Washington, with a proper proof of service on March 13, 2012. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 5 

{¶13} On March 21, 2011, Father filed his motion to modify parental rights and 

responsibilities. On April 9, 2012, Mother filed a request for the trial court to conduct an 

in-camera interview with the children. The trial court conducted an evidentiary hearing 

on Mother’s request to relocate, Father’s motion to modify parental rights and 

conducted an in-camera interview with the children. 

{¶14} By Judgment Entry filed April 19, 2012, the magistrate granted Father’s 

motion to modify parental rights and responsibilities and named Father the residential 

parent of the children. 

{¶15} On April 30, 2012, Mother flied a “Motion To Set Aside Magistrate’s Order, 

Including a Stay.” By Judgment Entry filed May 4, 2011, the court granted Mother an 

additional fourteen days to file her objections to the magistrate’s decision. On May 4, 

2012, Mother filed a Motion seeking the recusal of the magistrate who had conducted 

the evidentiary hearing. On May 10, 2012, Mother filed a “Motion to Set Aside 

Magistrate’s Order and Approve Modification.” Father filed his memorandums contra on 

May 14, 2012. On May 15, 2012, Mother filed a motion seeking to remove the parenting 

coordinator. On May 17, 2012, Mother filed a motion for immediate relief. The trial court 

scheduled all pending motions for non-oral hearing. 

{¶16} By Judgment Entry filed May 29, 2012 the trial court overruled Mother’s 

motions and her objections to the magistrate’s decision. However, the trial court found 

Mother to be indigent and therefore granted her request to remove the parenting 

coordinator. Mother did not appeal the trial court’s decisions, including the trial court’s 

decision overruling her objections and adopting the magistrate’s decision. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 6 

{¶17} On July 5, 2012, Father filed a notice of intent to relocate to an address in 

Cambridge, Ohio. 

{¶18} By Judgment Entry filed July 12, 2012, the court scheduled an evidentiary 

hearing on Mother’s October 12, 2011 contempt motion for August 15, 2012. 

{¶19} On July 20, 2012, Mother filed a Motion for Contempt against the 

parenting coordinator Rebecca Finch. (“Contempt 1”). Mother also filed two separate 

Motions for Contempt against Father (“Contempt 2” and “Contempt 3”). On July 31, 

2012, Mother filed an “Amended Motion” for Contempt against Father; Contempt 

motions 4 and 5; and a motion to modify parental rights and responsibilities alleging a 

“substantial change of circumstances as the Father has again relocated his residence.” 

All motions were scheduled for an evidentiary hearing on August 15, 2012. 

The Trial Court’s Decision 

{¶20} By Judgment entry filed August 22, 2012, the trial court ruled, 

 2) The Court concludes as a matter of law that there is 

insufficient evidence that the Father willfully refused to take [B.T.] to 

soccer games and practices. Therefore, the Mother's Motion for Contempt 

filed October 12, 2011 is DENIED. 

 3) The Court concludes as a matter of law that ReBecca Finch, 

the Parenting Coordinator, was attempting to work through high conflict 

parenting issues with the Mother and Father. The Court concludes that the 

changing of Court Orders in attempt to resolve the conflict is permitted if 

the deviation from the Standard Order of Parenting Time is "agreed to by 

both parties.” However, the Parenting Coordinator should make no change 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 7 

to Court Orders otherwise. The Court concludes, based upon the evidence 

before it, that there is no willful violation of Court Orders or a violation of 

the standard of duty in roles of Parenting Coordinator as any interference 

with parenting time of the Mother was based upon mistake of fact brought 

on in part by the parties. 

 Based upon the evidence before the Court, the Court concludes 

that the Mother has failed to meet her burden of proof to hold the 

Parenting Coordinator in contempt of Court. 

 4) The Court concludes as a matter of law that the Mother has 

failed to meet her burden of proof showing an intentional and willful 

disobedience of the Court's Orders on the part of the Father as it relates to 

her allegations in Motion for Contempt #2 relating to interference with 

parenting time on numerous occasions and, in particular, on December 9, 

2011. The Court further concludes that the times alleged by the Mother in 

her Motion all occurred before the date of the last hearing to the 

Magistrate in April of 2012 and, therefore, the Father's Motion to Dismiss 

based upon Res judicata must be GRANTED. 

 5) The Court concludes as a matter of law as to the Mother's 

Motion for Contempt #4 that there is insufficient evidence before the Court 

to find the Father in contempt for falling to take the children to activities. 

The Court, however, concludes as a matter of law that the Father has 

failed to place the Mother's name for access of records on either the 

Cambridge Counseling Center or the "Safe Sitter" registration form. (See 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 8 

Plaintiff's Exhibit 1). The Court concludes that no harm is shown to the 

Mother as [B.T.] successfully completed the "Safe Sitter program without 

the need for emergency medical permission and the Mother was made 

aware that the children are in counseling and appeared (made a scene) at 

the Cambridge Counseling Center. 

 The Court further concludes as a matter of law that the Father may 

purge his contempt by placing the Mother's name on all further documents 

as required by the Court Order. 

 6) The Court concludes as a matter of law as to the Mother's 

Motion for Contempt #5 that Father did file Notice of Intent to Relocate 

with the Court on July 5, 2012. The Court further finds the prior move to 

600 N 8th Street notice was given to the Mother in writing by the Father on 

January 9, 2012 but the Father apparently failed to file Notice with the 

Court. The Court finds that the Father's contempt of Court for failing to 

give Notice of Intent to Relocate would have occurred prior to the date of 

the last hearing in April 2012 and the Mother was given actual notice by 

the Father. The Father, therefore, may purge his contempt by complying 

with the Court Order if he has any further intent to relocate his residence 

and filing the same with the Court. 

 7) The Court concludes as a matter of law as to the Mother's 

Motion to Modify Parental Rights and Responsibilities that the evidence 

supports a conclusion that no change in circumstances has occurred since 

the Father was appointed the children's residential parent. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 9 

 The Mother's Motion alleges that the change of residence is a 

substantial change in circumstances while the statute does not use the 

wording "substantial", Ohio case law requires the change to be of 

substance and not slight or inconsequential. The intent of the statute is to 

spare children from a constant tug-of-war between their parents and to 

provide stability to the custodial status of children. Davis v. Flickinger

(Ohio Sup. Ct. 02-12-1997) 77 Ohio St. 3d 415. 

 The Court further concludes pursuant to statute a trial court cannot 

modify a custody decree without evidence that the change in 

circumstances has occurred. Then, and only then, may the Court look to 

the best interests of the children in making a modification. A showing that 

a child would be better off with a non-custodial parent is not sufficient; 

there must be a change in circumstances before the change of custody 

can be considered. 

 Based upon the evidence before the Court, the Court finds that the 

Mother has failed to show a change of circumstances sufficient to cause 

the Court to consider a modification of parental rights and responsibilities 

at this time. 

JUDGMENT

 The Court finds that the Mother's Motions for Contempt should be 

GRANTED in part and DENIED as set forth herein. Father ORDERED to 

purge his contempt as set forth herein. No contempt of Court for willful and 

intentional disobedience of Court Orders as to ReBecca Finch, Parenting 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 10 

Coordinator. The Court, however, relieves ReBecca Finch of further duties 

as Parenting Coordinator in this case. The Court DENIES and 

DISMISSES the Mother's Motion for Modification of Parental Rights and 

Responsibilities. 

{¶21} Mother’s Contempt Motion No. 3 was dismissed as res judicata because 

the times alleged by Mother in her motion occurred before the date of the last hearing 

before the Magistrate in April 2012. Judgment Entry, Aug. 22, 2012, page 3, ¶6. 

{¶22} With respect to Mother’s motion to modify parental rights and 

responsibilities, the trial court found, 

 The Court finds from the evidence that the Father moved the 

children two (2) blocks to a larger residence. Both children will be able to 

attend the same schools: [B.T.], Cambridge Middle School, and [C.T.] 

(with a waiver from the school board) will attend the same elementary 

school. The Court finds that the residence is within walking distance to the 

public library where internet access is available. 

The Court finds the Mother is unemployed and dependent upon her 

friend, Laurie lrany, to provide a residence. At Laurie lrany's residence in 

Kenmore, WA, Laurie's friend Mike also resides. The Father's and 

children's residence in Cambridge, OH on N. 10th Street is shared with 

Jeff Dinkins, who the Father testified has children of his own and is a 

supervisor of a company in Columbus, OH. 

Judgment Entry, Aug. 22, 2012, page 4, ¶9. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 11 

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶23} Mother raises seventeen assignments of error, 

{¶24} “I. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO FIND A CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCE'S INSUFFICIENT TO CAUSE 

THE COURT TO CONSIDER A MODIFICATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AND 

RESPONSIBILITIES WHEN THE FATHER HAD BEEN FOUND IN CONTEMPT TWICE 

DECISION 08/22/2012. CONTEMPT 1. [sic.] FATHER'S FAILURE TO PLACE 

MOTHER'S NAME TO ACCESS ON RECORDS ON AT LEAST TWO OCCASIONS. 

CONTEMPT II FATHER'S FAILURE TO GIVE NOTICE OF INTENT TO RELOCATE. 

O.R.C. ALLOWS RESIDENTIAL SCHEDULE CHANGES IF THE NONMOVING PARTY 

IS FOUND IN CONTEMPT. AND [sic.] SECTION (C) ALLOWS MODIFICATION OF 

CUSTODY IF THE NONMOVING PARTY IS FOUND IN CONTEMPT TWICE WITHIN 

THREE YEARS. "T.P. 62." CAMBRIDGE COUNSELING CENTER TESTIMONY 

FATHER DENIED MOTHER RECORDS ACCESS FOR WHICH THE FATHER WAS 

FOUND IN CONTEMPT 08/22/2012 DECISION. THE FACT THAT THE MOTHER HAS 

HAD TO REPEATEDLY JUMP THROUGH UNNECESSARY HOOPS, INCLUDING 

FILING MOTIONS WITH TRIAL COURT TO OBTAIN PUBLIC RECORDS ACCESS IS 

AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION; DOCKET REFLECTS MOTHER RECENTLY HAD TO 

FILE A MOTION TO OBTAIN A CURRENT GAL AND PC LIST. 

{¶25} “II. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO CONSISTENTLY REFUSE TO ABIDE BY THE BOTH ESTABLISHED 

RULE OF LAW AND THE PRECEDENCE SET FORTH BY BOTH THE APPEALS AND 

SUPREME COURTS OF OHIO. THE TRIAL COURT CITED OHIO CASE LAW ITSELF 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 12 

IN THE FINAL COMMENTS OF THE 08/22/2012 DECISION, DAVIS V. FLICKER: 

[SIC.] THE LAW IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE STABILITY TO THE CUSTODIAL 

STATUS OF CHILDREN. 

{¶26} “III. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO FAIL TO FACTOR IN THE OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE THAT 

DEMONSTRATED THE FATHER'S NEWLY ACQUIRED RESIDENTIAL STATUS HAD 

IMMEDIATE NEGATIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT ON THE CHILDREN. CLEAR 

AND CONVINCING TESTIMONY WAS PRESENTED BY BOTH CAMBRIDGE 

COUNSELING AND 12 YEAR OLD SON. O.R.C. 2151.41(D) LISTS THE FACTORS 

WHICH THE COURT MUST CONSIDER, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: (A) 

THE INTERACTION AND INTERRELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHILD WITH HIS 

PARENTS, SIBLINGS. THE CHILDREN REPEATEDLY STATED, EVEN IN OPEN 

COURT THE MOTHER WAS THE CAREGIVER. 

{¶27} “IV. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO CONCLUDE THERE WAS NO CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES; 

DESPITE THE PARENTS' TESTIMONY THE 7 YEAR OLD DAUGHTER REGRESSED 

SO BADLY WHILE IN THE FATHER'S CARE AND RECUPERATING FROM A 

TONSILLECTOMY THE CHILD TO MISSED AN ADDITIONAL THREE DAYS OF 

SCHOOL. THE TREATING PHYSICIAN HAD ORDERED THE DAUGHTER TO 

RECUPERATE ADDITIONAL DAYS DUE TO THE HARM THE CHILD EXPERIENCED 

BY THE FATHER'S NEGLIGENT CARE, A MERE WEEK AFTER THE FATHER 

OBTAINED CUSTODIAL STATUS 04/19/2012. THE TRIAL COURT HAD HEARD 

EVIDENCE THAT THE FATHER AND HIS ROOMMATE SMOKED IN THE HOUSE 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 13 

WHERE THE CHILDREN RESIDED WITH THE FATHER; FATHER'S TESTIMONY 

04/10/2012 HEARING "T.P. 36 AT 14." 

{¶28} “V. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO REFUSE AND NEGLECT TO HOLD A HEARING FOR OVER TEN 

MONTHS REGARDING THE 10/12/2011 MOTION FOR CONTEMPT, FILED AGAINST 

THE FATHER EFFECTIVELY DENIED THE MOTHER HER CONSTITUTIONAL 

RIGHTS AS A PARENT. THE TRIAL COURT DISREGARDED O.C.R. [SIC.] 2705.031 

WHICH PROVIDES THAT A COURT: ...SHALL HAVE JURISDICTION TO MAKE A 

FINDING OF CONTEMPT FOR A FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH, OR AN 

INTERFERENCE WITH, A PARENTING TIME OR VISITATION ORDER OR DECREE 

AND TO IMPOSE THE PENALTIES SET FORTH IN SECTION 2705.05 OF THE O.R.C 

IN ALL CASES IN WHICH THE FAILURE OR INTERFERENCE IS AT ISSUE EVEN IF 

THE PARENTING TIME OR VISITATION ORDER OR DECREE NO Longer is in 

EFFECT.[EMPHASIS SIC.] 

{¶29} “VI. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO DENY THE CONTEMPT CHARGE AGAINST THE FATHER AND FOR 

THE TRIAL COURT TO FIND THAT ONLY ONE TIME THE FATHER DIDN'T COMPLY 

WITH THE TRIAL COURT’S OWN ORDER. THERE WAS A SPECIFIC AND CLEAR 

ORDER THAT THE FATHER ACKNOWLEDGED: DIVORCE DECREE 06/17/2011. 

THE FATHER'S ADMITTED REFUSAL TO TAKE CHILD(REN) TO 

EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES: PARTICULARLY SOCCER. THE FATHER 

REFUSED TO COMPLY IN EXCESS OF 20 TIMES. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 14 

{¶30} “VII. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE 

TRIAL COURT TO DENY THE CONTEMPT CHARGE AND FIND THAT THE 

FATHER'S MOVE IN JULY 2012 WAS RES JUDICATA. IT IS A WELL-ESTABLISHED 

FACT THAT THE MONTH OF JULY 2012 DOES OCCUR AFTER APRIL 2012. THE 

COURT DOCKET IS ALSO EVIDENCE THAT THE FATHER'S JULY MOVE COULD 

NOT BE RES JUDICATA. "T.P. 78 AT 7-19.” [SIC.] ESTABLISHED THE FATHER HAS 

ESTABLISHED A PATTERN OF MOVING EVERY SIX MONTHS AND OBTAINING A 

NEW ROOMMATE, EACH TIME THE ROOMMATES WERE UNKNOWN MEN TO THE 

CHILDREN. THIS IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE STABILITY OF THE CHILDREN AND 

THEIR LIVES. 

{¶31} “VIII. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE 

TRIAL COURT TO DISMISS CONTEMPT CHARGES AGAINST FATHER BASED ON 

RES JUDICATA. O.C.R. [SIC.] 2705.031 PROVIDES THAT A COURT: ... SHALL 

HAVE JURISDICTION TO MAKE A FINDING OF CONTEMPT FOR A FAILURE TO 

COMPLY WITH, OR AN INTERFERENCE WITH, A PARENTING TIME OR 

VISITATION ORDER OR DECREE AND TO IMPOSE THE PENALTIES SET FORTH 

IN SECTION 2705.05 OF THE O.R.C. IN ALL CASES IN WHICH THE FAILURE OR 

INTERFERENCE IS AT ISSUE EVEN IF THE PARENTING TIME OR VISITATION 

ORDER OR DECREE NO LONGER IS IN EFFECT. 

{¶32} “IX. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO NOT HOLD REBECCA FINCH PARENTING COORDINATOR (PC) IN 

CONTEMPT FOR CHANGING THE TRIAL COURTS OWN ORDERS AGAINST 

INTERFERENCE WITH VALID PARENTING TIME OR VISITATION ORDER. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 15 

{¶33} “X. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT TO NOT FIND THE PC REBECCA FINCH IN CONTEMPT AND VIOLATION 

OF THE STANDARD OF DUTY FOR DEVIATING FROM THE TRIAL COURTS OWN 

ORDERS OF VISITATION. THE TRIAL COURT STATES IN SECTION 3, 

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, 08/22/2012 DECISION CLEARLY STATE DEVIATIONS 

ARE NOT PERMISSIBLE WHEN DEVIATIONS ARE NOT "AGREED UPON BY BOTH 

PARTIES". THE COURT DOCKET ON 10/12/2011 LISTS THE MOTION 

REQUESTING REINSTATEMENT OF THE COURT ORDERED PARENTING 

SCHEDULE, ALONG WITH MUCH CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN MOTHER AND 

PC DOCUMENTING THE PC'S DEVIATIONS WERE NOT AGREED UPON. 

{¶34} “XI. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL 

COURT NOT TO HAVE FOUND PC REBECCA FINCH IN CONTEMPT FOR 

PRESENTING FRAUDULENT INFORMATION. THE FALSE INFORMATION WAS 

SIGNIFICANT TO THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION TO REMOVE THE CUSTODIAL 

STATUS OF THE MOTHER. THE COURT WAS IMPAIRED IN THE IMPARTIAL 

PERFORMANCE OF ITS LEGAL TASK, THE ACT, KNOWN AS "FRAUD UPON THE 

COURT", AND IS A CRIME DEEMED SO SEVERE AND FUNDAMENTALLY 

OPPOSED TO THE OPERATION OF JUSTICE THAT IT IS NOT SUBJECT TO ANY 

STATUTE OF LIMITATION; REBECCA FINCH'S OWN DOCUMENTATION, AS 

RECEIVED BY THE TRIAL COURT JUDGE ON 07/11/2012. THE HANDWRITING IS 

EASILY RECOGNIZABLE AS DIFFERENT FROM EITHER OF THE PARENTS 

'INTAKE FORMS.' FURTHER NO CORRECTIONS WERE EVER MADE TO ANY OF 

THE PC'S FORMS AT ANY TIME. THE FACT THAT THE PC WAS STILL ASSIGNED 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 16 

TO THE TOTH CASE AND MADE NO ATTEMPTS TO CORRECT HER OWN 

MISTAKES, NOT EVEN SIX MONTHS AFTER THE PC UTILIZED HER OWN 

ERRORS TO HARM THE MOTHER AND THE TOTH CHILDREN. THE HARM WAS A 

DIRECT RESULT OF THE PC'S INCOMPETENCE AND THE FATHER'S ATTEMPT 

TO MISLEAD THE COURT AND SLANDER THE MOTHER IN COURT. 

{¶35} “XII. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE 

TRIAL COURT TO HAVE FOUND REBECCA FINCH A CREDIBLE WITNESS WHEN 

REBECCA FINCH ADMITTED TO A MULTITUDE OF MISTAKES WHILE 

PERFORMING THE PC’S PRIMARY ROLE: TO REDUCE CONFLICT BY PREPARING 

CORRECT AND EQUITABLE PARENTING SCHEDULES. 

{¶36} “XIII. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE 

TRIAL COURT TO HAVE FOUND PC REBECCA FINCH A CREDIBLE WITNESS, 

WHEN REBECCA FINCH WAS UNABLE TO RECOLLECT OR LOCATE IN PC 

RECORDS, THE VERY SIGNIFICANT AND EXACT DATES OR OCCASIONS THAT 

LED TO THE MOTHER BEING FALSELY ACCUSED OF DENYING THE FATHER 

PARENTING TIME; WHICH WAS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN THE TRIAL COURT 

REMOVING THE CUSTODIAL STATUS OF THE MOTHER. 

{¶37} “XIV. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE 

TRIAL COURT TO FIND AND CONCLUDE THAT FATHERS [SIC.] RELOCATION 

WAS NOT A CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES; WHILE USING A DIFFERENT 

STANDARD FOR THE MOTHER. THE MOTHER'S NOTICE WAS A FINDING OF 

FACT AND CONCLUSION OF LAW THAT THE MOTHER'S NOTICE OF INTENT TO 

RELOCATE WAS A CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES AND TRIGGERED THE TRIAL 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 17 

COURT TO ORDER A CHANGE OF CUSTODY. DECISIONS DATED 09/16/2011 AND 

04/19/2012. 

{¶38} “XV. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE 

TRIAL COURT TO APPLY THE RULES OF EVIDENCE AND APPLICATION OF OHIO 

LAW, UNEQUALLY IN THIS CASE. THE DOUBLE STANDARD DID HAVE A DIRECT 

AND HARMFUL EFFECT UPON THE MOTHER AND CHILDREN. THE TRIAL 

COURTS OWN CONCLUSIONS STATE "OHIO CASE LAW REQUIRES THE 

CHANGE TO BE OF SUBSTANCE AND NOT SLIGHT" 08/22/2012 DECISION. 

{¶39} “XVI. IT WAS ERROR AND AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOR THE 

TRIAL COURT TO CONCLUDE THAT COSTS ARISING FROM THE CONTEMPT 

CHARGES AGAINST THE FATHER BE ASSESSED TO MOTHER. O.R.C. 

3109.051(K) PROVIDES THAT GRANTING SANCTIONS FOR CONTEMPT, AND 

ESTABLISHING CONDITIONS BY WHICH GRANTING ANY OTHER RELIEF, 

INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEY FEES AND COSTS AND MAKE UP 

RESIDENTIAL TIME IS APPROPRIATE. [SIC.] 

{¶40} “XVII. IT WAS, AND CONTINUES TO BE AN ERROR AND AN ABUSE 

OF DISCRETION FOR THE TRIAL COURT TO ORDER CHILD SUPPORT AND 

COSTS TO MOTHER, AND ENCOURAGES [SIC.] CHILD ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 

TO PURSUE SANCTIONS UP TO AND INCLUDING IMPRISONMENT THREATS 

AGAINST THE MOTHER; [SIC.] WHICH WILL CLEARLY HARM THE CHILDREN AND 

REDUCE AND/OR ELIMINATE MEANINGFUL CONTACT WITH THE MOTHER. 

WHEN THE EVIDENCE WAS THAT THE MOTHER, ACTING IN THE BEST 

INTEREST OF THE CHILDREN, REMAINED PRIMARY CAREGIVER AND ASSUMED 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 18 

ALL COSTS FOR CARE OF CHILDREN, FOR FOUR MONTHS WHILE THE FATHER 

HAD LEGAL CUSTODIAL STATUS, AND THAT THE FATHER EVEN WILLINGLY 

SIGNED CHILD OVER TO THE CARE OF THE MOTHER;[SIC.] ONLY FOUR DAYS 

AFTER OBTAINING CUSTODIAL STATUS FROM THE TRIAL COURT.” 

Jurisdiction 

{¶41} An appeal as of right may be taken by the filing of a timely notice of appeal 

with the clerk of the trial court in which the judgment was entered. App.R. 3(A). The only 

jurisdictional requirement for an appeal as of right is the filing of the notice of appeal in a 

timely manner. App.R. 4(A) states: 

A party shall file the notice of appeal required by App.R. 3 within 

thirty days of the later of entry of the judgment or order appealed or, in a 

civil case, service of the notice of judgment and its entry if service is not 

made on the party within the three day rule period in Rule 58(B) of the 

Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure. 

{¶42} The filing of a timely notice of appeal is a prerequisite to establishing 

jurisdiction in a court of appeals. Therefore, while in the general sense, this court has 

jurisdiction to hear appeals in civil cases, that jurisdiction must be invoked by the timely 

filing of a notice of appeal. The failure to file a timely notice of appeal is a jurisdictional 

requirement that cannot be ignored. State v. Alexander, 10th Dist. Nos. 05AP-129, 

05AP-245, 2005-Ohio-5997, ¶17. 

{¶43} In the case at bar, Mother failed to file a timely notice of appeal from the 

May 29, 2012 judgment of the trial court granting Father’s motion to modify parental 

rights and responsibilities and naming Father as the residential parent of the children. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 19 

As noted by the Ohio Supreme Court the manner in which and the time when an appeal 

shall be perfected are wholly matters of procedure.... In fixing a time limit on the 

perfecting of an appeal as of right the General Assembly in no way infringes any 

constitutional right possessed by a defendant.” State v. Edwards, 157 Ohio St. 175, 

180-181, 105 N.E.2d 259, 262(1952). 

{¶44} While Mother is entitled to a right of appeal, that right to appeal expired 

when she failed to file a notice of appeal within the time required by App.R. 4(A). 

Therefore, the court has no jurisdiction to entertain an appeal as of right from the May 

29, 2012 judgment of the trial court granting Father’s motion to modify parental rights 

and responsibilities and naming Father as the residential parent of the children. State v. 

Alexander, supra at ¶19. 

{¶45} In the case at bar, Mother’s Notice of Appeal filed September 24, 2012, 

and her docketing statement filed October 19, 2012 state the date of the judgment 

appealed from is August 22, 2012. Thus, only the trial court’s disposition of Mother’s 

contempt motions and her motion to modify parental rights filed July 31, 2012 are 

properly before this Court. 

Pro se Appellants 

{¶46} Initially, we must note a deficiency in Mother's appellate brief. That is, 

Mother's appellate brief does not comply with App.R. 16(A)(7), which provides, 

 The appellant shall include in its brief, under the headings and in 

the order indicated, all of the following: * * * An argument containing the 

contentions of the appellant with respect to each assignment of error 

presented for review and the reasons in support of the contentions, with 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 20 

citations to the authorities, statutes, and parts of the record on which 

appellant relies. The argument may be preceded by a summary. 

{¶47} We understand that Mother has filed this appeal pro se. Nevertheless, 

“like members of the bar, pro se litigants are required to comply with rules of practice 

and procedure.” Hardy v. Belmont Correctional Inst., 10th Dist. No. 06AP-116, 2006-

Ohio-3316, ¶ 9. See, also, State v. Hall, 11th Dist. No. 2007-T-0022, 2008-Ohio-2128, 

¶11. We also understand that “an appellate court will ordinarily indulge a pro se litigant 

where there is some semblance of compliance with the appellate rules.” State v. 

Richard, 8th Dist. No. 86154, 2005-Ohio-6494, ¶4 (internal quotation omitted). 

{¶48} Also, in State v. Hooks, 92 Ohio St.3d 83, 2001-Ohio-150, 748 N.E.2d 

528(2001), the Supreme Court noted, “a reviewing court cannot add matter to the 

record before it that was not a part of the trial court's proceedings, and then decide the 

appeal on the basis of the new matter. See, State v. Ishmail, 54 Ohio St.2d 402, 377 

N.E.2d 500(1978).” It is also a longstanding rule "that the record cannot be enlarged by 

factual assertions in the brief." Dissolution of Doty v. Doty, 4th Dist.No. 411, 1980 WL 

350992 (Feb. 28, 1980), citing Scioto Bank v. Columbus Union Stock Yards, 120 Ohio 

App. 55, 59, 201 N.E.2d 227(1963). New material and factual assertions contained in 

any brief in this court may not be considered. See, North v. Beightler, 112 Ohio St.3d 

122, 2006-Ohio-6515, 858 N.E.2d 386, ¶7, quoting Dzina v. Celebrezze, 108 Ohio St.3d 

385, 2006-Ohio-1195, 843 N.E.2d 1202, ¶16. Therefore, we have disregarded facts in 

both parties’ brief that are outside of the record. 

{¶49} In the interests of justice, we shall attempt to consider Mother’s 

assignments of error. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 21 

I, II, III, IV, XIV, and XV 

{¶50} After reviewing Mother’s brief including her contentions, we have 

interpreted Mother's first, second, third, fourth, fourteenth and fifteenth assignments of 

error in the following manner: the trial court abused its discretion in not finding a change 

in circumstances sufficient to justify a change in the residential parent. On appeal, 

Mother claims that Father’s relocation, that he and his roommate smoke in the home 

and the fact that the trial court found father twice in contempt in its Judgment Entry are 

sufficient to justify a change in circumstances. 

{¶51} Trial courts are entitled to broad discretion in custody proceedings. Davis 

v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997), paragraph one of the 

syllabus. As “custody issues are some of the most difficult and agonizing decisions a 

trial judge must make,” the judge must be given “wide latitude in considering all the 

evidence” and the decision must not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion. Id. at 

418, 674 N.E.2d 1159. The term abuse of discretion “connotes more than an error of 

law or judgment; it implies that the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or 

unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 

(1983). 

{¶52} We presume that the trial court's findings are correct because the trial 

court is “best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and 

voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered 

testimony.” Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 

(1984). Therefore, deferential review in a child custody determination is especially 

crucial “where there may be much evident in the parties' demeanor and attitude that 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 22 

does not translate to the record well.” Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d at 419, 674 N.E.2d 

1159. (Emphasis in original.) 

{¶53} A trial court asked to re-designate parental rights and responsibilities is 

required to first find that a change in circumstances occurred to warrant a change in 

legal custodianship. Fisher v. Hasenjager, 116 Ohio St.3d 53, 876 N.E.2d 546, 2007-

Ohio-5589; Pierson v. Gorrell, 12 Dist. No. CA2011-11-216, 2012-Ohio-3878, ¶12; 

Wright v. Wright, 5th Dist. No. 2011CA00129, 2012-Ohio-1560, ¶26. R.C. 

3109.04(E)(1)(a), provides, in pertinent part, 

 The court shall not modify a prior decree allocating parental rights 

and responsibilities for the care of children unless it finds, based on facts 

that have arisen since the prior decree or that were unknown to the court 

at the time of the prior decree, that a change has occurred in the 

circumstances of the child, [ or] his residential parent, * * * and that the 

modification is necessary to serve the best interest of the child. 

{¶54} “Although R.C. 3109.04 does not provide a definition of the phrase 

‘change in circumstances,’ Ohio courts have held that the phrase is intended to denote 

‘an event, occurrence, or situation which has a material and adverse effect upon a 

child.’” Lewis v. Lewis, 12th Dist. No. CA2001–09–209, 2002 WL 517991(April 8, 2002), 

citing Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh, 136 Ohio App.3d 599, 604–05, 737 N.E.2d 551 (7th 

Dist.2000). In order to warrant the abrupt disruption of the child's home life, the change 

in circumstances must be one “of substance, not a slight or inconsequential change.” 

Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d at 418, 674 N.E.2d 1159. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 23 

{¶55} “The purpose of requiring a finding of a change in circumstances is to 

prevent a constant re-litigation of issues that have already been determined by the trial 

court. * * * Therefore, the modification must be based upon some fact that has arisen 

since the prior order or was unknown at the time of the prior order.” Brammer v. 

Brammer, 194 Ohio App.3d 240, 955 N.E.2d 453, 2011–Ohio–2610, ¶17 (3rd Dist.), 

citing R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). Moreover, and as stated by the Ohio Supreme Court, “a 

trial judge must have wide latitude in considering all the evidence” when making a 

determination of change of circumstances. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d at 418, 674 N.E.2d 

1159. If a court could not consider events as they continued to unfold once a custody 

motion is filed, the trial court would be perpetually re-addressing new filings alleging a 

change in circumstances due to the inevitable passage of time between the filing of the 

original custody motion and the date of the hearing on the motion. This barrier is meant 

to operate as the “domestic relations version of the doctrine of res judicata,” and is 

meant to prevent the “constant relitigation of the same issues” adjudicated in prior 

custody orders. Perz v. Perz, 85 Ohio App.3d 374, 376, 619 N.E.2d 1094(1993). 

{¶56} In the case at bar, the trial court’s order adopting the magistrate’s April 19, 

2012 decision naming Father the residential parent was filed May 29, 2012. Therefore, 

only those facts that have arisen since the trial court's May 29, 2012 decree are relevant 

to this appeal. Pierson v. Gorrell, ¶ 25. 

{¶57} As previously noted, the trial court found that Father moved only two 

blocks from his previous location and the children were able to maintain attendance in 

the same schools. The Court further found Mother also lives with a roommate upon 

whom mother depends for a residence. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 24 

{¶58} We agree with the trial court's conclusion that no significant change in 

circumstances has occurred since the May 29, 2012 decree. The evidence presented to 

the court is that the Father’s roommate smokes in his bedroom and Father smokes 

either outside the home or in the laundry room with the exhaust fan running. (T. April 10, 

2012 at 35-37). As will be later addressed, the trial court found that Mother suffered no 

prejudice from the actions which the court found could arguably been sufficient to find 

Father in contempt. We must be mindful of the “ * * * elementary proposition of law that 

an appellant, in order to secure reversal of a judgment against him, must not only show 

some error but must also show that that error was prejudicial to him.” See Smith v. 

Flesher, 12 Ohio St. 2d 107, 233 N.E. 2d 137(1967); State v. Stanton, 15 Ohio St.2d 

215, 217, 239 N.E.2d 92, 94(1968); Wachovia Mtg. Corp. v Aleshire, Licking App. No. 

09 CA 4, 2009-Ohio-5097, ¶16. See, also, App.R. 12(D). 

{¶59} Mother failed to demonstrate a change in circumstances for purposes of 

reallocation of parental rights and responsibilities occurred after the May 29, 2012 

decree. 

{¶60} Because the court here did not find a change in circumstances, it was not 

required to determine the best interest of the child. Fisher v. Hasenjager; Wright v. 

Wright. 

V, VI, VII, VIII 

{¶61} After reviewing Mother’s brief including her contentions, we interpret 

Mother’s fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth assignments of error in the following manner: 

the trial court abused its discretion in not finding Father in contempt of court. Essentially, 

Mother’s contempt motions against Father involved Father’s failure to take B.T. to 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 25 

soccer games and 4-H activities; Father’s move in January 2012 without notifying the 

court; failure to place Mother’s name on documents as required by court orders and 

interference with parenting time. 

{¶62} Testimony established that Father was actively involved in the children’s 

4-H activities. (T. Aug. 15, 2012 at 30-31; T. Apr. 10, 2012 at 26-28; 49-51). Testimony 

established that Father did attend his son’s soccer games. (T. Apr. 9, 2010 at 4-6). 

Evidence was submitted that Father did not transport the son to only one game. (T. Apr. 

9, 2012 at 4; 9; T. Aug. 15, 2012 at 12). 

{¶63} The record reflects that Mother was notified of Father’s relocation to an 

address on 8th Street in Cambridge Ohio in January 2012. Mother filed a Notice of 

Intent to Relocate on February 3, 2012 and a corrected motion on March 13, 2012. The 

magistrate’s decision was filed April 19, 2012. Assuming arguendo that the trial court 

improperly found the issue barred by the doctrine of res judicata, the decision not to find 

Father in contempt is correct. A reviewing court is not authorized to reverse a correct 

judgment merely because it was reached for the wrong reason. State v. Lozier, 101 

Ohio St.3d 161, 166, 2004-Ohio-732, 803 N.E.2d 770, ¶46, citing State ex rel. McGinty 

v. Cleveland City School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 81 Ohio St.3d 283, 290, 690 N.E.2d 

1273(1998); Helvering v. Gowranus, 302 U.S. 238, 245, 58 S.Ct. 154, 158(1937). 

{¶64} R.C. 2705.031(B)(2) provides that “[a]ny person who is granted visitation 

rights under a visitation order or decree * * * may initiate a contempt action for a failure 

to comply with, or an interference with, the order or decree.” R.C. 2705.02 further 

provides: 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 26 

 A person guilty of any of the following acts may be punished as for 

a contempt: 

 (A) Disobedience of, or resistance to, a lawful writ, process, order, 

rule, judgment, or command of a court or officer[.] 

{¶65} “Civil contempt is designed to benefit the complainant and is remedial in 

nature. * * * Thus, an individual charged with civil contempt must be permitted to appear 

before the court and purge himself of the contempt by demonstrating compliance with 

the court's order.” State v. Miller, 5th Dist. No. 02 CA 16, 2003-Ohio-948, ¶ 28. A 

sanction for civil contempt must allow the contemnor the opportunity to purge him or 

herself of contempt.” O'Brien v. O'Brien, 5th Dist. No. 2003-CA-F12069, 2004-Ohio5881, ¶ 68, citing Burchett v. Miller (1997), 123 Ohio App.3d 550, 552, 704 N.E.2d 

636(6th Dist. 1997). 

{¶66} In the case at bar, by the time the matter was brought to the attention of 

the trial court, Father had filed his July 5, 2012 notice of intent with the court. Further, 

the trial court heard evidence concerning each motion. 

{¶67} There is no evidence that Father intentionally or willfully violated the 

court’s visitation orders. No dates were alleged in Mother’s second motion for contempt 

filed July 20, 2012. In her Amended Motion for Contempt, Mother specified the date of 

December 9, 2011. Further, the trial court heard evidence concerning each motion. We 

must be mindful of the “ * * * elementary proposition of law that an appellant, in order to 

secure reversal of a judgment against him, must not only show some error but must 

also show that that error was prejudicial to him.” See Smith v. Flesher, 12 Ohio St. 2d 

107, 233 N.E. 2d 137(1967); State v. Stanton, 15 Ohio St.2d 215, 217, 239 N.E.2d 92, 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 27 

94(1968); Wachovia Mtg. Corp. v Aleshire, Licking App. No. 09 CA 4, 2009-Ohio-5097, 

¶16. See, also, App.R. 12(D). 

{¶68} Finally, the trial court permitted Father to purge his Contempt for failure to 

place Mother’s name on documents by ordering him to place Mother’s name on all 

documents as required by Court orders. 

{¶69} This court will not reverse the decision of the court below in a contempt 

proceeding in the absence of a showing of an abuse of discretion. See Cady v. 

Cleveland Worsted Mills Co., 126 Ohio St. 171, 184 N.E.2d 511(1933). No evidence has 

been adduced to demonstrate an abuse of discretion by the trial court in not finding 

Father in contempt. Therefore, that decision will not be disturbed. 

IX, X, XI, XII, XIII 

{¶70} After reviewing Mother’s brief including her contentions, we interpret 

Mother’s ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth assignments of error in the 

following manner: the trial court abused its discretion in not finding Parenting 

Coordinator ReBecca Finch in contempt of court and for finding her to be a credible 

witness. 

{¶71} A finding of contempt must be based upon clear and convincing evidence. 

Pugh v. Pugh, 15 Ohio St.3d 136, 472 N.E.2d 1085(1984); ConTex, Inc. v. Consol. 

Technologies, Inc., 40 Ohio App.3d 94, 95, 531 N.E.2d 1353, 1355(1st Dist. 1988). The 

Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or 

degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction 

as to the allegations sought to be established. It is intermediate, being more than a 

mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty as required beyond a 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 28 

reasonable doubt as in criminal cases. It does not mean clear and unequivocal.” In re 

Estate of Haynes, 25 Ohio St.3d 101, 103-104, 495 N.E.2d 23(1986). Accord, In re 

Adoption of Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368, 481 N.E.2d 613(1988). 

{¶72} The Ohio Supreme Court has delineated our standard of review as 

follows, 

 Where the degree of proof required to sustain an issue must be 

clear and convincing, a reviewing court will examine the record to 

determine whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to 

satisfy the requisite degree of proof. See Ford v. Osborne, 45 Ohio St. 1, 

12 N.E. 526, Cole v. McClure, 88 Ohio St. 1, 102 N.E. 264, and Frate v. 

Rimenik, 115 Ohio St. 11, 152 N.E. 14. 

Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 477, 120 N.E. 2d 118 (1954). In Cross, the 

Supreme Court further cautioned, 

 The mere number of witnesses, who may support a claim of one or 

the other of the parties to an action, is not to be taken as a basis for 

resolving disputed facts. The degree of proof required is determined by 

the impression which the testimony of the witnesses makes upon the trier 

of facts, and the character of the testimony itself. Credibility, intelligence, 

freedom from bias or prejudice, opportunity to be informed, the disposition 

to tell the truth or otherwise, and the probability or improbability of the 

statements made, are all tests of testimonial value. Where the evidence is 

in conflict, the trier of facts may determine what should be accepted as the 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 29 

truth and what should be rejected as false. See Rice v. City of Cleveland, 

114 Ohio St. 299, 58 N.E.2d 768. 

161 Ohio St. at 477-478. (Emphasis added). 

{¶73} In its judgment, the trial court noted that Ms. Finch had made several 

mistakes and was unable to verify the dates Mother had allegedly denied Father 

visitation. The mistakes involved three holiday dates. The court admonished all parties 

involved to follow the court’s orders. If the order needs correction or clarification, the 

court chastised the parties to seek an amendment of the order with the court. The trial 

court found the parenting coordinator was working with a stressful situation between two 

warring parents. 

{¶74} The evidence established that the parties had mutually agreed to deviate 

from the standard court orders concerning companionship prior to the parenting 

coordinator’s involvement in the case. (T. April 9, 2012 at 18-19; 26. T. April 10, 2012 at 

7). The parties returned to the standard order when they could no longer agree. (Id. at 

23; T. April 10, 2012 at 9-10). The parties were extremely combative and information 

was not freely exchanged. The record further reflects that Father testified to the 

Mother’s denial of his visitation time with the children. (T. April 10, 2012 at 55-56). 

{¶75} As set forth above, the trial court’s findings are based upon competent 

credible evidence. The trier of fact "has the best opportunity to view the demeanor, 

attitude, and credibility of each witness, something that does not translate well on the 

written page." Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 1997-Ohio-260, 674 N.E.2d 1159. 

Ultimately, “the reviewing court must determine whether the appellant or the appellee 

provided the more believable evidence, but must not completely substitute its judgment 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 30 

for that of the original trier of fact ‘unless it is patently apparent that the fact finder lost its 

way.’” State v. Pallai, 7th Dist. No. 07 MA 198, 2008–Ohio–6635, ¶31, quoting State v. 

Woullard, 158 Ohio App.3d 31, 2004–Ohio–3395, 813 N.E.2d 964(2nd Dist.), ¶81. In 

other words, “[w]hen there exist two fairly reasonable views of the evidence or two 

conflicting versions of events, neither of which is unbelievable, it is not our province to 

choose which one we believe.” State v. Dyke, 7th Dist. No. 99 CA 149, 2002–Ohio–

1152, ¶13, citing State v. Gore, 131 Ohio App.3d 197, 201, 722 N.E.2d 125(7th Dist. 

1999). 

{¶76} No evidence has been adduced to demonstrate an abuse of discretion by 

the trial court in not finding Ms. Finch in contempt. Therefore, that decision will not be 

disturbed. 

XVI 

{¶77} After reviewing Mother’s brief including her contentions, we interpret 

Mother’s sixteenth assignment of error in the following manner: the trial court abused its 

discretion by assessing a portion of the court costs against Mother. 

{¶78} In the case at bar, the trial court divided the costs between the parties. 

Mother was ordered to pay 75% and Father 25%. Mother filed eight motions. Six of 

Mother’s motions were dismissed or overruled. Two motions for contempt against the 

father were sustained in part. 

{¶79} Civ.R. 54(D) permits a trial court to award a prevailing party the costs of 

litigating that party's claim. Civ.R. 54(D) provides: 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 31 

 Except when express provision therefore is made either in a statute 

or in these rules, costs shall be allowed to the prevailing party unless the 

court otherwise directs. 

{¶80} The Ohio Supreme Court in Vance v. Roedersheimer, 64 Ohio St.3d 552, 

597 N.E.2d 153(1992) stated: 

 This rule gives the trial court broad discretion to assess costs, and 

the court's ruling will not be reversed absent an abuse of that discretion. 

(Citations omitted). 

{¶81} In the case at bar, neither Mother nor Father entirely prevailed. Father 

prevailed on five motions2

 filed by Mother and Mother prevailed on parts of two motions 

that she filed. Thus, the trial court correctly assessed costs against Mother for the six 

motions that she had filed that were denied. The trial court assessed costs arising out of 

the two partial contempt proceeding against Father pursuant to R.C. 3109.051(K). 

XVII 

{¶82} In her seventeenth assignment of error mother alleges that it was error for 

the court to order Mother to pay child support. 

{¶83} We find this issue is not properly before this Court. Mother had previously 

filed a Motion to Supplement the Record on December 3, 2012 in which she sought to 

include a judgment entry filed in the trial court on November 27, 2012 that denied her 

motion to modify child support. Mother filed her Notice of Appeal in this Court on 

September 24, 2012. Accordingly, this Court denied Mother’s Motion to Supplement the 

Record by Judgment Entry filed January 2, 2013. 

 2

 We note that Mother’s Motion for Contempt No. 1 was addressed to the parenting coordinator, 

not Father. 
Guernsey County, Case No. 2012-CA-21 32 

{¶84} Mother’s seventeenth assignment of error is dismissed. 

Conclusion 

{¶85} For all the forgoing reasons, Mother’s assignments of error numbers one 

through sixteen inclusive are overruled in their entirety, Mother’s assignment of error 

number seventeen is dismissed and the judgment of the Guernsey County Court of 

Common Pleas is affirmed. 

By Gwin, P.J., 

Hoffman, J., and 

Wise, J., concur 

 

 _________________________________ 

 HON. W. SCOTT GWIN 

 _________________________________ 

 HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN 

 _________________________________ 

 HON. JOHN W. WISE 

 

 

WSG:clw 0221 
[Cite as Toth v. Toth, 2013-Ohio-845.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

JENNIFER S. TOTH : 

 : 

 Plaintiff-Appellant : 

 : 

 : 

-vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY 

 : 

FRANK E. TOTH, JR. : 

 : 

 : 

 Defendant-Appellee : CASE NO. 2012-CA-21 

 For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the judgment of 

the Guernsey County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. Costs to appellant. 

 _________________________________ 

 HON. W. SCOTT GWIN 

 _________________________________ 

 HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN 

 _________________________________ 

 HON. JOHN W. WISE