{"id":249121,"date":"2023-01-23T16:40:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T21:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?p=249121"},"modified":"2024-02-28T13:41:23","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T18:41:23","slug":"experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys\/","title":{"rendered":"Experiments to Unlock How Human Bodies React to Long Space Journeys"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header\">\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-0 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">7 Min Read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExperiments to Unlock How Human Bodies React to Long Space Journeys\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"985\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?w=985\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png 985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?resize=600,337 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?resize=900,506 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><figcaption>Astronauts headed to the International Space Station can now sign up for a broad suite of experiments that will help scientists pinpoint how the human body reacts to long-duration missions in space. The research will help NASA prepare astronauts for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Credits: <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=128412&preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Artemis<\/a>, NASA astronauts are returning to the Moon in preparation for one day going to Mars. To better prepare astronauts for these long journeys, scientists need to know: How do extended durations in space change the human body?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts flying to the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> International Space Station<\/a> can now volunteer for a suite of experiments that aim to help scientists learn more. Together, these experiments are called the Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research, or CIPHER.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"auto\" class=\"wp-image-591925\" style=\"float: right;margin: 16px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_logo_highres.png\" alt=\"CIPHER patch\">\u201cCIPHER is the first study to integrate multiple physiological and psychological measures, giving us a chance to assess the whole\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/the-human-body-in-space\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">human response<\/a>\u00a0to time spent in space,\u201d CIPHER project scientist Cherie Oubre explains. \u201cAs more astronauts head to space through Artemis and other programs, we hope to learn more about how the various systems of the body, such as the heart, muscles, bones, and eyes, adapt to long-term spaceflight.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through CIPHER, astronauts participate in an integrated set of 14 studies sponsored by NASA and international partner agencies. To get meaningful results, CIPHER scientists will study up to 30 astronauts, evenly divided over three mission-length categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Short (less than 3.5 months in space)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Standard (between 3.5 and eight months in space)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extended (more than eight months in space)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These research studies will monitor the health of astronauts before, during, and after their missions, and together address the following themes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bone and Joint Health<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Studies show that astronauts <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts-spines-under-scrutiny\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lose bone density<\/a> and muscle quality faster in space than on Earth. Calcium lost from bone ends up in their blood and urine. This loss of bone density may affect how skeletal systems support muscles and organs in space and soon after landing back on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Undergo scans to measure bone density, skeletal health, and muscle quality surrounding bones and joints; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collect blood and urine periodically before, during, and after their missions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Examine whether the rate of bone and muscle loss stays constant, slows down, or even stops beyond six-month missions; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Determine what sort of health risks, if any, these pose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brain and Behavior<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Fluids in the brain shift due to low gravity in space, and long-duration spaceflight may slightly alter brain structure. These changes could affect how the brain processes spatial information and, in turn, affect crew performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Complete cognitive tests,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perform spatial cognition tasks using virtual reality,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use a computer to measure proficiency in controlling a robotic arm, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Undergo MRI scans while doing cognitive tests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Examine how brain activity before missions differs from brain activity after missions,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pinpoint patterns dependent on mission duration, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assess how changes in performance of cognitive, spatial cognition, and operational tasks relate to changes in brain structure and function.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cardiovascular<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Saint Jacques\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png 3724w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_saint_jacques-large.png?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Astronauts who volunteer for CIPHER will wear a specialized shirt like the one seen here on Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques. This shirt measures heart rate and respiration and is worn periodically before, during, and after missions for two days at a time. <br><strong><em>Credit: NASA<\/em><\/strong><\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Long-duration spaceflight may lead to stiffer arteries and increase the risk of heart disease. Scientists want to know how these changes play out during and after extended missions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Complete CT, MRI, and ultrasound imaging of the heart, surrounding organs and muscles, and blood vessels,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wear a shirt that measures heart rate and respiration across two days, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Take periodic blood pressure measurements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Tease out patterns within and across mission durations to provide clear, objective indicators of cardiovascular health, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examine whether the low-gravity affects organs, muscles, and vessels near the heart.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Exercise is a well-known strategy to counter bone and muscle loss in space. Researchers want to understand whether exercise is an effective strategy for maintaining astronaut health in long-duration spaceflight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Test muscle strength and endurance throughout their missions using the station\u2019s exercise equipment,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Track their nutrition and sleep habits, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Navigate through an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/new-tests-evaluate-mission-readiness-of-astronauts-upon-landing\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/new-tests-evaluate-mission-readiness-of-astronauts-upon-landing\/\">obstacle course <\/a>after they land back on Earth, while at times wearing spacesuits connected to NASA\u2019s Active Response Gravity Offload System, or ARGOS, to simulate Martian gravity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Evaluate crews\u2019 abilities to carry out specific exercises over time, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluate how soon and how well crews can perform critical tasks in different gravities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sensorimotor<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1044\" height=\"696\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png?w=1044\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"cipher argos\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png 1044w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cipher_argos.png?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1044px) 100vw, 1044px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">To test how quickly they adapt to a new gravity, astronauts who participate in CIPHER will make their way through an obstacle course while wearing a spacesuit soon after they land back on Earth. In the picture above, a volunteer is conducting a trial run through this course, moving objects through a boulder field while his suit is connected to NASA’s Active Response Gravity Offload System (ARGOS).\u00a0<br><strong><em>Credit: NASA<\/em><\/strong><\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys\"><\/a>Many astronauts experience dizziness and disorientation when they arrive at the station and when they return to Earth. However, on future missions to Mars, ground support won\u2019t be readily available to assist astronauts when they land on the Red Planet\u2019s surface. Understanding factors that may influence how long these symptoms last will be important to mission success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Record their eye, head, and body movements using specialized techniques, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fill out surveys on how they perceive motion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>See whether mission duration influences how long it takes to adapt to a different gravity level, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investigate the reasons behind changes in balance and the ability to adapt to different gravities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vision<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Because low-gravity conditions shift the body\u2019s fluids toward the head, spaceflight can alter the structure and function of the eyes and the brain. This, in turn, may influence how astronauts process visual information on long missions, which could affect their performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Participate in MRI and eye imaging scans,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perform vision tests, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assess eye pressure and how the retina responds to light.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Evaluate eye changes for each mission duration, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See how the structure of astronauts\u2019 brains change after their missions, and how such changes affect vision.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biomarkers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samples of astronaut\u2019s blood and urine can provide insights into crew health. For instance, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/scientists-probe-how-long-term-spaceflight-alters-immunity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">stress hormones<\/a> reveal how the immune system reacts to spaceflight. Scientists want to know whether any changes to the human body induced by long-duration space travel come with indicators that can also be detected in blood and urine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Provide blood and urine samples before, during, and after spaceflight, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Complete questionnaires regarding health and exercise habits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists will:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Examine blood and urine for potential indicators of changes to cartilage health, inflammation and immune function, kidney health, brain structure and function, spatial cognition, performance of operational tasks, risk of cardiovascular disease, and more; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investigate the interplay between mission length, DNA damage responses, and post-mission recovery of telomeres \u2013 the caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten as we age but may lengthen in space before rebalancing themselves back on Earth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>CIPHER also includes a long-running study called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/spaceflight-standard-measures-characterizing-how-humans-adapt-in-space\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/spaceflight-standard-measures-characterizing-how-humans-adapt-in-space\/\">Spaceflight Standard Measures<\/a>, which collects a core set of information on as many crew members as possible. This core set includes metrics about the crew member\u2019s sleep, cognition, biomarkers, immune function, microbiome, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to answering research questions central to each study, CIPHER takes an integrated approach \u2013 data across the CIPHER investigations will be evaluated to identify patterns and gain a deeper understanding of how the human body reacts to long durations in space. For instance: Do changes to the various systems of the body plateau across the board after specific amounts of time spent in space? Do changes in one system herald changes in another?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCIPHER is an all-encompassing, total-body approach to learning how humans adapt to spaceflight,\u201d says Oubre. \u201cInsights gained through CIPHER may well be key to enabling humans to remain healthy while exploring the Moon, Mars, and beyond.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><code>_____<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA is leading a return to the Moon for long-term exploration. Through the Artemis missions, NASA will land the first woman and first person of color on the Moon, using innovative technologies to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before. Lessons learned on and around the Moon will prepare NASA for the next giant leap: sending astronauts to Mars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Learn more about Artemis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\">here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><code>_____<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA’s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Human Research Program<\/a>, or HRP, pursues the best methods and technologies to support safe, productive human space travel. Through science conducted in laboratories, ground-based analogs, and the International Space Station, HRP scrutinizes how spaceflight affects human bodies and behaviors. Such research drives HRP\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">quest<\/a> to innovate ways that keep astronauts healthy and mission-ready as space travel expands to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Learn more about the Human Research Program<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\"> here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&text=Experiments%20to%20Unlock%20How%20Human%20Bodies%20React%20to%20Long%20Space%20Journeys&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhumans-in-space%2Fexperiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path 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0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Feb 28, 2024<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\">Humans in Space<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/cipher\/\">CIPHER (Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\">Human Research Program<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg 2154w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=289,300 289w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=768,796 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=988,1024 988w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=1482,1536 1482w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=1976,2048 1976w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=386,400 386w, 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flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 days 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg 4798w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, 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flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s Commercial Partners Deliver Cargo, Crew for Station Science<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 week ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/living-in-space\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Living in Space<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"370\" height=\"618\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?w=370\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png 370w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?resize=180,300 180w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?resize=239,400 239w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?resize=359,600 359w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Artemis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Human Research Program<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png?w=404\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png 404w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png?resize=229,300 229w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png?resize=305,400 305w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Space Station Research and Technology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Through Artemis, NASA astronauts are returning to the Moon in preparation for one day going to Mars. To better prepare astronauts for these long journeys, scientists need to know: How do extended durations in space change the human body? Astronauts flying to the International Space Station can now volunteer for a suite of experiments that aim [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":249173,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2656,11968,3811],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[11528],"coauthors":[8643,8642],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Experiments to Unlock How Human Bodies React to Long Space Journeys","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png"},"articleSection":"Humans in Space","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Nathan Cranford"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Jennifer Turner"}],"creator":["Nathan Cranford","Jennifer Turner"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["NASA Directorates","Science Mission Directorate","Space Life & Physical Sciences Research & Applications Division","Human Research Program","Humans in Space","CIPHER (Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research)"],"dateCreated":"2023-01-23T21:40:00Z","datePublished":"2023-01-23T21:40:00Z","dateModified":"2024-02-28T18:41:23Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Experiments to Unlock How Human Bodies React to Long Space Journeys\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/experiments-to-unlock-how-human-bodies-react-to-long-space-journeys\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-01-23T21:40:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Humans in Space\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"NASA Directorates,Science Mission Directorate,Space Life & Physical Sciences Research & Applications Division,Human Research Program,Humans in Space,CIPHER (Complement of Integrated Protocols for Human Exploration Research)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Nathan Cranford\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Jennifer Turner\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":7,"time_ago":"1 year","featured_image":{"id":249173,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cipher.png","title":"cipher","alt":"","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249121"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":623599,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249121\/revisions\/623599"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/249173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249121"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=249121"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=249121"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=249121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}