{"id":493713,"date":"2024-04-09T10:50:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T14:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=reference&p=493713"},"modified":"2024-06-04T11:53:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T15:53:00","slug":"astronaut-fact-book","status":"publish","type":"reference","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronaut Fact Book"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-light hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>Astronauts<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 \"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\"><nav><ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\"><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/active-astronauts\/\">Active Astronauts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/\">Astronauts Home<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/management-astronauts\/\">Management Astronauts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/former-astronauts\/\">Former Astronauts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>More<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/astronaut-candidates\/\">Astronaut Candidates<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/partner-astronauts\/\">Partner Astronauts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/become-an-astronaut\/\">Become an Astronaut<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/spacesuits\/\">Spacesuits<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-encyclopedia-intro-banner bg-carbon-05 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedia-intro-banner\">\t<div class=\"padding-y-0 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-y-0 desktop:padding-x-5\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-5 padding-y-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"display-48 font-weight-extrabold margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAstronaut Fact Book\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe NASA Astronaut Fact Book provides information on the 360 explorers who have been selected as astronauts since NASA’s first class in 1959.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label-inter color-carbon-60 margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" viewBox=\"0 0 600 600\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M293 .1C131.3 3.5-.5 136.4.1 300.1c-.7 162.7 132 301.1 302.2 299.9 165.8-1.1 299.2-136.6 297.6-303.2C598.3 132.5 462.9-3.5 293 .1zm8.9 570.6C151.5 571.8 30.6 451.1 29.2 302.4c-1.4-149.6 119.7-273.2 270.9-273 144.2-.2 266.7 114.2 270.4 263.7 3.8 153.2-117.9 276.5-268.6 277.6z\"\/><path d=\"M444.1 450.4c-67.3.1-134.5.1-201.8.1-15.9 0-31.8.1-47.7-.1-7-.1-12.6-4.5-14.4-11-1.9-6.6.4-13.4 6.9-16.6 3.8-1.9 8.5-2.7 12.7-2.8 81.6-.2 163.2-.1 244.7 0 3.9 0 5.6-.6 5.5-5.1-.1-96.5-.1-193.1 0-289.6 0-4.4-1.5-5.3-5.5-5.3-15.7.2-31.5.1-47.2.1-6.8 0-6.8 0-6.8 6.6v167.5c0 1.8-.2 3.5-.3 5.3-.5.2-1.1.5-1.6.7-14.6-14.7-29.2-29.4-45.1-45.4l-44.1 44.1V120.7c-1.7-.2-3-.5-4.2-.5-28.5 0-56.9-.4-85.4.1-34.3.6-59.6 26-59.7 60.1-.3 85.1-.1 170.2-.1 255.3 0 8.3 2.2 16 6.7 23 9.2 14.5 22.7 21.3 39.7 21.4 35.3.1 70.6 0 105.9 0 47.5 0 95.1 0 142.6.1 3.6 0 5.1-.8 4.9-4.8-.3-6.3-.4-12.7 0-19.1.5-4.8-1.2-5.9-5.7-5.9z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Encyclopedia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label-inter color-carbon-60\">Updated Apr 9, 2024<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-5 desktop:padding-left-5 padding-top-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"NASA spacewalker Frank Rubio during an orbital sunset\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e022435.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA spacewalker Frank Rubio is pictured during a spacewalk tethered to the International Space Station during an orbital sunset.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-content-columns alignfull hds-columns hds-encyclopedic-content-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-primary-column hds-column hds-encyclopedic-column hds-encyclopedic-primary-column\">\n<p><strong>Preface<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(NASA) selected the first group of astronauts in 1959. From 500 candidates having the required jet aircraft flight experience and engineering training, as well as height below 5 feet 11 inches, seven military men became the nation’s first astronauts. The second and third groups chosen included civilians with extensive flying experience. By 1964, requirements changed, and emphasis was placed on academic qualifications; in 1965, six scientist astronauts were selected from a group of 400 applicants who had a doctorate or equivalent experience in the natural sciences, medicine, or engineering. The group named in 1978, NASA Class 8, was the first of the space shuttle flight crews and the first class with women and minority astronauts. In 2013, the astronaut class was<br>fifty percent women and fifty percent men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most recent astronaut candidate group named in December 2021, NASA Class 23, is training for a variety of missions, including performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and departing for missions to the Moon with Artemis. The 2021 astronaut candidate class came from more than 12,000 applications. More information about NASA\u2019s astronauts can be found at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/astronauts\">www.nasa.gov\/astronauts<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As of Jan. 2023, there are 41 active astronauts, 18 management astronauts, 10 astronaut candidates, and 288 former astronauts or payload specialists, including those who have left NASA, and those who are deceased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The spaceflights and statistics listed in this publication resulted from the vertical takeoff of an American space vehicle or Soyuz taxi flight to the International Space Station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronauts listed (unless otherwise noted) are individuals who participated in the United States astronaut program. Additionally, the payload specialist is a professional in the physical or life sciences or a technician skilled in specific equipment or experimentation that will fly. Selection of a payload specialist for a mission is made by the payload sponsor or customer. For NASA-sponsored spacecraft or experiments requiring a payload specialist, the specialist is nominated by an investigator working group and approved by NASA. Payload specialists for major non-NASA payloads or experiments are selected by the sponsoring organization. Payload specialists do not have to be U.S. citizens. However, they must meet strict NASA health and physical fitness standards. These individuals are included in the \u201cBiographical Sketches.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA selects astronauts from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. For more information on astronaut selection, please check online at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/astronauts\">www.nasa.gov\/astronauts<\/a> for the latest information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astronaut biographies can be found online at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/astronauts\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/astronauts<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11:50 UTC. Confirmation that the rover successfully landed on Mars was received on 18 February 2021, at 20:55 UTC. As of 31 August 2021, Perseverance has been active on Mars for 189 sols (194 Earth days) since its landing. Following the rover\u2019s arrival, NASA named the landing site Octavia E. Butler Landing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"contents\"><strong>Table of Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#list-of-astronauts\">1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#biographical-sketches\">2.0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#active-astronauts\">2.1 ACTIVE ASTRONAUTS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#management-astronauts\">2.2 MANAGEMENT ASTRONAUTS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#astronaut-candidates\">2.3 ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#former-astronauts\">2.4 FORMER ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#deceased-astronauts\">2.5 DECEASED ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#astronauts-by-groups\">.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#medal-of-honor\">4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#astronauts-by-state\">5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#birthplaces\">5.1 ASTRONAUT BIRTHPLACES<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#hometowns\">5.2 ASTRONAUT HOMETOWNS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#colleges\">5.3 ASTRONAUT COLLEGES<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#astronauts-from-other-countries\">6.0 ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#scouting-records\">7.0 ASTRONAUTS’ SCOUTING RECORDS<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#military-astronauts\">8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#air-force\">8.1 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#army\">8.2 UNITED STATES ARMY<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#coast-guard\">8.3 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#marine-corps\">8.4 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#navy\">8.5 UNITED STATES NAVY<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#space-force\">8.6 UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#space-flight-log\">9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#pre-shuttle\">9.1 PRE-SHUTTLE SPACE FLIGHT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#shuttle-missions\">9.2 SHUTTLE MISSIONS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#commercial-crew\">9.3 COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM MISSIONS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#iss-missions\">9.4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXPEDITIONS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/#spacewalk-statistics\">9.5 SPACEWALK STATISTICS FOR U.S. ASTRONAUTS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"list-of-astronauts\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"list-of-astronauts\">1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=1535&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1535\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=1535&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 53% 25%; object-position: 53% 25%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=1535&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1535w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=240&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 240w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=768&h=961&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=819&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 819w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=1228&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1228w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=320&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 320w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=480&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 480w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=720&h=901&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 720w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2023e016432_alt2\/jsc2023e016432_alt2~large.jpg?w=959&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 959w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1535px) 100vw, 1535px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Hammock Koch, and CSA astronaut Jeremy Hansen were announced Monday, April 3 as the four astronauts who will venture around the Moon on Artemis II, the first crewed mission on NASA\u2019s path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration through Artemis. The crew assignments are as follows: Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, Mission Specialist 1 Christina Koch, Mission Specialist 2 Jeremy Hansen. PHOTOGRAPHER: Josh Valcarcel<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Astronaut<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Entry Year<\/strong> <\/td><td><strong>Group<\/strong><\/td><td><strong># of flights<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/acaba-joseph-2.pdf?emrc=27c194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acaba, Joseph M.<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/acton-lw.pdf?emrc=b7e9ea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acton, Loren W.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/adamson_james.pdf?emrc=ae36b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adamson, James C.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jsc.nasa.gov\/Bios\/htmlbios\/akers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Akers, Thomas D.<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/aldrin_buzz.pdf?emrc=c7020c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aldrin, Buzz<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/allen_andrew.pdf?emrc=dcb90f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Allen, Andrew M<\/a>.<\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/allen_joseph_p.pdf?emrc=0faf5d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Allen, Joseph P.<\/a><\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/altman_scott.pdf?emrc=dae473\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Altman, Scott D.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-william-a-anders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anders, William A.<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/anderson_clayton.pdf?emrc=ef3627\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anderson, Clayton C.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/anderson_michael.pdf?emrc=6e26e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anderson, Michael P<\/a>.<\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/antonelli-da.pdf?emrc=0a7d0f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Antonelli, Dominic A.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/apt_jerome.pdf?emrc=28e832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Apt, Jerome, III<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/archambault_lee.pdf?emrc=28aa8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Archambault, Lee J.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/former-astronauts\/former-astronaut-neil-a-armstrong\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Armstrong, Neil A.<\/a><\/td><td>1962<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/arnold-rr_0.pdf?emrc=ed9dd2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arnold, Richard R., II<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ashby_jeffrey.pdf?emrc=43dd27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ashby, Jeffrey S.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/aunon_0.pdf?emrc=213722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor, Serena M.<\/a><\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-nichole-ayers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ayers, Nichole<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bagian_james.pdf?emrc=46ed8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bagian, James P.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/baker_ellen_0.pdf?emrc=46b16f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Baker, Ellen S.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/baker-m.pdf?emrc=981095\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Baker, Michael A.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/michael-barratt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Barratt, Michael R.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/kayla-barron\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Barron, Kayla<\/a><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/bartoe-john-david.pdf?emrc=ee20d3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bartoe, John-David F.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/barry_daniel.pdf?emrc=896c3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Barry, Daniel T.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bassett_charles.pdf?emrc=5457d4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bassett, Charles A., II<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-alan-bean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bean, Alan L.<\/a><\/td><td>1963 <\/td><td>3<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/behnken-rl.pdf?emrc=a16289\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Behnken, Robert L.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-marcos-berr%c3%ados\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Berr\u00edos, Marcos G.<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-christina-birch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Birch, M. Christina<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/blaha_john.pdf?emrc=40ac49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Blaha, John E.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bloomfield_michael.pdf?emrc=3175e6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bloomfield, Michael J.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-guion-bluford\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bluford, Guion S., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bobko-karol.pdf?emrc=4c5fca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bobko, Karol J.<\/a><\/td><td>1969<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/eric-a-boe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Boe, Eric A.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-charles-f-bolden-jr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bolden, Charles F., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1080<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-frank-borman\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Borman, Frank<\/a><\/td><td>1962<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/stephen-g-bowen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bowen, Stephen G<\/a>.<\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bowersox_kenneth_0.pdf?emrc=03bcd7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bowersox, Kenneth D.<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/brady_charles_0.pdf?emrc=685d3b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brady, Charles E., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/brand_vance_0.pdf?emrc=e67bc3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brand, Vance D.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/brandenstein_daniel_0.pdf?emrc=847501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brandenstein, Daniel C.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/randolph-j-bresnik\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bresnik, Randolph J.<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bridges_roy_0.pdf?emrc=08cdfb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bridges, Roy D., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/brown_curtis_0.pdf?emrc=602574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brown, Curtis L., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/brown_david_0.pdf?emrc=adaadf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brown, David M.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/brown_mark_1.pdf?emrc=e1f6e0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brown, Mark N.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/buchli_james_0.pdf?emrc=29afd0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Buchli, James F<\/a>.<\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-deniz-burnham\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Burnham, Deniz M.<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/bull_john_0.pdf?emrc=707d4c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bull, John S.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/burbank.pdf?emrc=30113e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Burbank, Daniel C<\/a>.<\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bursch-1.pdf?emrc=558b44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bursch, Daniel W.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-associate-administrator-robert-d-cabana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cabana, Robert D<\/a>.<\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/cagle_yvonne.pdf?emrc=1e5c15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cagle, Yvonne D.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/caldeiro_fernando_0.pdf?emrc=7b096c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Caldeiro, Fernando<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/camarda_charles.pdf?emrc=dfd30c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Camarda, Charles J.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/cameron_kenneth_0.pdf?emrc=9f22cb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cameron, Kenneth D.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/zena-cardman\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cardman, Zena<\/a><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/carey_duane_bio.pdf?emrc=c927f2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carey, Duane G.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-m-scott-carpenter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carpenter, M. Scott<\/a><\/td><td>1959<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/carr_gerald.pdf?emrc=a5476f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carr, Gerald P.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/carter_manley_0.pdf?emrc=b483c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/casper_john.pdf?emrc=512b8c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Casper, John H.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/josh-a-cassada\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cassada, Josh A.<\/a><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/cassidy-cj.pdf?emrc=bb93de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cassidy, Christopher J.<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-eugene-a-cernan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cernan, Eugene A.<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-roger-b-chaffee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chaffee, Roger B.<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/chamitoff_gregory.pdf?emrc=9a43f1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chamitoff, Gregory E.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-franklin-r-chang-diaz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chang-Diaz, Franklin R.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/chapman_philip.pdf?emrc=a23275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chapman, Philip K<\/a>.<\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/raja-chari\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chari, Raja<\/a><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/chawla_kalpana.pdf?emrc=b7b7dd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chawla, Kalpana<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/chiao_leroy_0.pdf?emrc=967a3e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chiao, Leroy<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/chilton_kevin.pdf?emrc=1b6f7e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chilton, Kevin P.<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/clark_laurel.pdf?emrc=ee624c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Clark, Laurel B.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/cleave_mary.pdf?emrc=467f6d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cleave, Mary L.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/clifford_michael.pdf?emrc=839b74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Clifford, Michael R.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/coats_michael.pdf?emrc=e67bea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Coats, Michael L.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/cockrell_kenneth.pdf?emrc=e7c347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cockrell, Kenneth D.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/coleman.pdf?emrc=113ba1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Coleman, Catherine G.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-eileen-collins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Collins, Eileen M.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-michael-collins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Collins, Michael<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/conrad_charles.pdf?emrc=2dbaa3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Conrad, Charles, Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1962<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-l-gordon-cooper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1959<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/covey_richard.pdf?emrc=e05443\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Covey, Richard O.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/creamer_timothy.pdf?emrc=0927a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Creamer, Timothy J.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/creighton_john.pdf?emrc=9b212e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Creighton, John O.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/crippen_robert.pdf?emrc=0a1799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Crippen, Robert L.<\/a><\/td><td>1969<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/culbertson_frank.pdf?emrc=d8c5ef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Culbertson, Frank L., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cunningham-walter.pdf?emrc=99f0de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cunningham, Walter<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/curbeam_robert.pdf?emrc=f0b796\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Curbeam, Robert L., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/currie.pdf?emrc=86ecca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Currie-Gregg, Nancy J.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/davis_n-jan.pdf?emrc=052c82\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Davis, N. Jan<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-luke-delaney\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Delaney, Luke<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/matthew-dominick\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dominick, Matthew<\/a><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-andre-douglas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Douglas, Andre<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/drew_b_alvin.pdf?emrc=77a63f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Drew, Alvin B., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/duffy_brian.pdf?emrc=382532\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Duffy, Brian<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/duke_charles.pdf?emrc=9ddefa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Duke, Charles M., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/dunbar_bonnie.pdf?emrc=8668c0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dunbar, Bonnie J.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/dutton.pdf?emrc=a2cafc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dutton, James P., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/tracy-caldwell-dyson\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dyson, Tracy<\/a> C.<\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/edwards_joe.pdf?emrc=2b0099\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edwards, Joe F., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/eisele_donn.pdf?emrc=4e176f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eisele, Donn F<\/a>.<\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/england_anthony.pdf?emrc=97648d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">England, Anthony W.<\/a><\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/engle_joe.pdf?emrc=ae0a1a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Engle, Joe H.<\/a> <\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/jeanette-j-epps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Epps, Jeanette J.<\/a><\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/evans-ronald.pdf?emrc=a19798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Evans, Ronald E., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fabian_john.pdf?emrc=67e47f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fabian, John M.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ferguson_christopher.pdf?emrc=009113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ferguson, Christopher J.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/feustel-aj-1.pdf?emrc=11efe6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Feustel, Andrew J.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/michael-e-fincke\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fincke, E. Michael<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/fischer-jack.pdf?emrc=c7b94f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fischer, Jack D.<\/a><\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fisher_anna.pdf?emrc=e82a45\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fisher, Anna L.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fisher-wf.pdf?emrc=8c1868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fisher, William F.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/foale_michael.pdf?emrc=37b62e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Foale, C. Michael<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ford_kevin.pdf?emrc=5fea67\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ford, Kevin A.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/foreman.pdf?emrc=ed1a7c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Foreman, Michael J.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/forreste_0.pdf?emrc=1da908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Forrester, Patrick G.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/fossum.pdf?emrc=65f224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fossum, Michael E.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/freeman_theodore.pdf?emrc=f1755c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Freeman, Theodore C.<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/frick.pdf?emrc=23101e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frick, Stephen N.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fullerton_charles.pdf?emrc=387820\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fullerton, Charles G.<\/a><\/td><td>1969<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/garan_ronald.pdf?emrc=bd9d14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Garan, Ronald J., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/gardner_dale.pdf?emrc=646672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gardner, Dale A.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/cockrell-bio-current-gardner-guy.pdf?emrc=a71b41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gardner, Guy S.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/garriott_owen.pdf?emrc=22e67e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Garriott, Owen K.<\/a><\/td><td>1965<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/gemar_charles.pdf?emrc=f95bb1?emrc=f95bb1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gemar, Charles D.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/gemar_charles.pdf?emrc=f95bb1?emrc=f95bb1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gernhardt, Michael L.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/gibson_edward.pdf?emrc=ffe4d1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gibson, Edward G.<\/a><\/td><td>1965<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/gibson-bio-current-gibson-robert.pdf?emrc=acdd46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gibson, Robert L.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/givens_edward.pdf?emrc=bbf866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Givens, Edward G., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-john-h-glenn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Glenn, John H., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1959<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/victor-j-glover\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Glover, Victor J.<\/a><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/godwin_linda.pdf?emrc=4ff5a8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Godwin, Linda M.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/good_michael.pdf?emrc=3bd85b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Good, Michael T.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/gordon_richard_0.pdf?emrc=3de1fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gordon, Richard F., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1963<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/gorie_dominic.pdf?emrc=fa660c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gorie, Dominic L.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/grabe_ronald.pdf?emrc=c67539\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Grabe, Ronald J.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/graveline_duane.pdf?emrc=6104eb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Graveline, Duane E.<\/a><\/td><td>1965<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-frederick-d-gregory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gregory, Frederick D.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/gregory-william-b.pdf?emrc=a1c15d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gregory, William G.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/griggs_s_david.pdf?emrc=4f6636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Griggs, S. David<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Decased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-virgil-i-grissom\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Grissom, Virgil I.<\/a><\/td><td>1959<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/grunsfeld_john_bio.pdf?emrc=5d7069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Grunsfeld, John M.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/gutierrez_sidney.pdf?emrc=4bc910\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gutierrez, Sidney M.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/tyler-n-hague\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hague, Tyler N.<\/a><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-fred-haise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Haise, Fred W., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/halsell_james.pdf?emrc=4bc82e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Halsell, James D., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ham_kenneth.pdf?emrc=01a72e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ham, Kenneth T.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hammond_l_blaine.pdf?emrc=25881c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/harbaugh_gregory.pdf?emrc=84f67d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Harbaugh, Gregory J.<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/harris_bernard.pdf?emrc=47d41c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Harris, Bernard A., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hart_terry.pdf?emrc=dbbacc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hart, Terry J.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hartsfield_henry.pdf?emrc=4632b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1969<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-jack-hathaway\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hathaway, Jack<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hauck_frederick.pdf?emrc=270671\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hauck, Frederick H.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hawley_steven.pdf?emrc=0b57db\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hawley, Steven A.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/helms_susan.pdf?emrc=af8e13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Helms, Susan J.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/henize_karl.pdf?emrc=6b6f98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Henize, Karl G.<\/a><\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/henricks_terence.pdf?emrc=7caf84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Henricks, Terence T.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hernandez_jose.pdf?emrc=cb5c85\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hernandez, Jose M.<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/herrington-john.pdf?emrc=ce85f3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Herrington, John B.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hieb.pdf?emrc=8ea39f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hieb, Richard J.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/higginbotham_joan.pdf?emrc=923748\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Higginbotham, Joan E.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hilmers_david.pdf?emrc=4ab707\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hilmers, David C.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/bob-hines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hines, Robert T.<\/a><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/hire_kathryn.pdf?emrc=77ac41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hire, Kathryn P.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hobaugh_charles.pdf?emrc=02a7d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hobaugh, Charles O.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/warren-hoburg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hoburg, Warren<\/a><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/hoffman_jeffrey.pdf?emrc=5bb706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hoffman, Jeffrey A.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/holmquest_donald.pdf?emrc=99b79f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Holmquest, Donald L.<\/a><\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/michael-s-hopkins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hopkins, Michael S<\/a>.<\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/horowitz_scott.pdf?emrc=2c73df\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Horowitz, Scott J.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/hurley-dg.pdf?emrc=96a80a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hurley, Douglas G.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/husband_rick.pdf?emrc=75860a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Husband, Rick D.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/irwin_james.pdf?emrc=dd9550\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Irwin, James B.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/ivins_marsha.pdf?emrc=f893fd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ivins, Marsha S.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-mae-c-jemison\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jemison, Mae C<\/a>.<\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/jernigan_tamara.pdf?emrc=f6f41b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jernigan, Tamara E.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/jett_brent.pdf?emrc=aca7f4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jett, Brent W.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/johnson-gc.pdf?emrc=2bc59a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Johnson, Gregory C.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/johnson_gregory_h.pdf?emrc=b8308e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Johnson, Gregory H.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/jones_thomas.pdf?emrc=1e15c4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jones, Thomas D.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/janet-l-kavandi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kavandi, Janet L.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/kellyjm.pdf?emrc=b49423\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kelly, James M.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/kelly_mark.pdf?emrc=a62224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kelly, Mark E.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/kellysj.pdf?emrc=4b5cd2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kelly, Scott J.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/kerwin_joseph_0.pdf?emrc=b318a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kerwin, Joseph P.<\/a><\/td><td>1965<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/kilrain_susan_0.pdf?emrc=8032b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kilrain (Still), Susan L.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/jonny-kim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kim, Jonny<\/a><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>22<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/kimbrough-rs.pdf?emrc=69d4b1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kimbrough, Robert Shane<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/christina-koch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Koch, Christina Hammock<\/a><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/kopra-tl.pdf?emrc=af0180\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kopra, Timothy L.<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/kregel_kevin_0.pdf?emrc=495dc0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kregel, Kevin R.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lawrence_wendy_0.pdf?emrc=90b8bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lawrence, Wendy B.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lee_mark_0.pdf?emrc=c16a04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lee, Mark C.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/leestma_david.pdf?emrc=a565bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Leestma, David C.<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lenoir_william_0.pdf?emrc=cbc6b1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lenoir, William B.<\/a><\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lind_don_0.pdf?emrc=a66ef6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lind, Don L.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/kjell-lindgren\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lindgren, Kjell N.<\/a><\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>20<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lindsey_steven_0.pdf?emrc=cf97d7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lindsey, Steven W.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/linenger_jerry_0.pdf?emrc=b35cd5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linenger, Jerry M.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/linnehan_richard.pdf?emrc=c70ba5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linnehan, Richard M.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/llewellyn_john_0.pdf?emrc=d6c5c9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Llewellyn, John A.<\/a><\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lockhart_paul_0.pdf?emrc=0bda06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lockhart, Paul S.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/lopez-alegria_michael_0.pdf?emrc=2ae016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lopez-Alegria, Michael E.<\/a><\/td><td>1992<\/td><td>14<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/loria_christopher_0.pdf?emrc=6425bd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Loria, Christopher J.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lounge_john_0.pdf?emrc=d2398f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lounge, J. Mike<\/a><\/td><td>1980<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/lousma_jack_0.pdf?emrc=24dea4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lousma, Jack R.<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/love-stanley.pdf?emrc=d730a5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Love, Stanley G.<\/a><\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-james-a-lovell\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lovell, James A., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1962<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/low-g-david-0.pdf?emrc=acbdac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Low, G. David<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/lu-edward-0.pdf?emrc=d58cb1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lu, Edward T.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lucid_shannon_0.pdf?emrc=e11d80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lucid, Shannon W.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/magnus_sandra.pdf?emrc=f77d5c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Magnus, Sandra H.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/nicole-a-mann\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mann, Nicole Aunapu<\/a><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/marshburn-thomas.pdf?emrc=41cd4f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Marshburn, Thomas H.<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/massimino_michael_bio.pdf?emrc=3a2f82\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Massimino, Michael J.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mastracchio_richard.pdf?emrc=45489b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mastracchio, Richard A.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/former-astronaut-thomas-k-mattingly-ii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mattingly, Thomas K., II<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/megan-mcarthur\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McArthur, K. Megan<\/a><\/td><td>2000<\/td><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/mcarthur_william.pdf?emrc=f6967d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McArthur, William S., Jr.<\/a><\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mcbride_jon.pdf?emrc=f72afa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McBride, Jon A.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mccandless_bruce_bio.pdf?emrc=3f8881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McCandless, Bruce, II<\/a><\/td><td>1966<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/anne-c-mcclain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McClain, Anne C.<\/a><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mccool_william.pdf?emrc=437c5a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McCool, William C.<\/a><\/td><td>1996<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mcculley_michael.pdf?emrc=c3c764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McCulley, Michael J.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mcdivitt_james.pdf?emrc=8a2c95\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McDivitt, James A.<\/a><\/td><td>1984<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mcmonagle_donald.pdf?emrc=cfdd54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McMonagle, Donald R.<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mcnair_ronald.pdf?emrc=522ae3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McNair, Ronald E.<\/a><\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/meade_carl.pdf?emrc=2b683a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Meade, Carl J.<\/a><\/td><td>1985<\/td><td>11<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/jessica-u-meir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Meir, Jessica U.<\/a><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/melnick_bruce.pdf?emrc=c62689\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Melnick, Bruce E.<\/a><\/td><td>1987<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-deputy-administrator-pam-melroy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Melroy, Pamela A.<\/a><\/td><td>1995<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/melvin_leland.pdf?emrc=d145d2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Melvin, Leland D<\/a>.<\/td><td>1998<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/nasa-astronaut-candidate-anil-menon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Menon, Anil S.<\/a><\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/dottie-metcalf-lindenburger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dorothy<\/a><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>19<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>Former<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.0 Biographical Sketches<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"biographical-sketches\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"active-astronauts\">2.1 Active U.S. Astronauts<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/nasa-astronauts-kjell-lindgren-jessica-watkins-bob-hines\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"694\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Jessica Watkins, and Bob Hines\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss067e034505.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Jessica Watkins, and Bob Hines are pictured looking out the SpaceX Dragon Freedom spacecraft\u2019s windows.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">***There are <strong>38<\/strong> active NASA astronauts as of Oct. 2023***<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BARRATT<\/strong>, Michael R., M.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born April 16, 1959, in Vancouver, Wash.; hometown: Camas, Wash.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Zoology from University of Washington<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aerospace Medicine from Wright State University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 19\/20 on Soyuz in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total time of 5 hours, 6 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 212 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BARRON<\/strong>, Kayla J., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born Sept. 19, 1987, in Pocatello, Idaho; hometown: Richland, Wash.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Systems Engineering from U.S. Naval Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from University of Cambridge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crew-3 and Expedition 66\/67 on crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks: 13 hours, 26 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 177 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BOE<\/strong>, Eric A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Oct. 1, 1964, in Miami, Fla.; hometown: Atlanta, Ga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 28 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BOWEN<\/strong>, Stephen G., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Feb. 13, 1964, in Cohasset, Mass.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Ocean Engineering from MIT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7 spacewalks for a total time of 47 hours, 18 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 40 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BRESNIK<\/strong>, Randolph J., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps\n<ul>\n<li>Born Sept.11, 1967, in Fort Knox, Ky.; hometown: Santa Monica, Calif.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from The Citadel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Graduate of Air War College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 52\/53 on Soyuz in 2017<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 149 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CARDMAN<\/strong>, Zena M.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Oct. 26, 1987, in Urbana, Ill.; hometown: Williamsburg, Va.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Biology from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Marine Sciences from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CASSADA<\/strong>, Josh A., Ph.D., Captain (Sel), U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born July 18, 1973, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: White Bear Lake, Minn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Albion College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Arts in Physics with specialty in high particle physics from University of Rochester<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CHARI<\/strong>, Raja J.V., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force\n<ul>\n<li>Born June 24, 1977, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Cedar Falls, Iowa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from MIT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crew-3 and Expedition 66\/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total of 13 hours and 8 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 177 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DOMINICK<\/strong>, Matthew S., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born Dec. 7, 1981, in Wheat Ridge, Colo.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from University of San Diego<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Systems Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DYSON, <\/strong>Tracy C., Ph.D. \n<ul>\n<li>Born Aug. 14, 1969, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: same  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in chemistry from California State University-Fullerton <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Philosophy in physical chemistry from the University of California-Davis <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 23\/24 on Soyuz in 2010 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 49 minutes <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 188 days <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EPPS<\/strong>, Jeanette J., Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Nov. 3, 1970, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics from LeMoyne College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from University of Maryland<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FINCKE<\/strong>, Edward M. \u201cMike,\u201d Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born March 14, 1967, in Pittsburgh, Pa; hometown: Emsworth, Pa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences from MIT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Physical Sciences (Planetary Geology) from University of Houston-Clear Lake<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 9 on Soyuz in 2004<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 18 on Soyuz in 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>9 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 36 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 381 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GLOVER<\/strong>, Victor J., Commander, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born April 30, 1976, in Pomona, Calif.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from California Polytechnic State University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from Air University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Systems Engineering from Naval Post Graduate School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Military Operational Art and Science from Air University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crew-1 and Expedition 64\/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 7 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 167 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HAGUE<\/strong>, Tyler N. \u201cNick\u201d, Colonel, U.S. Space Force\n<ul>\n<li>Born Sept. 24, 1975, in Belleville, Kan.; hometown: Hoxie, Kan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 59\/60 on Soyuz in 2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 56 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 202 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HINES<\/strong>, Robert \u201cBob\u201d T., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force\n<ul>\n<li>Born Jan. 11, 1975, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: Harrisburg, Pa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Boston University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crew-4 and Expedition 67\/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: Mission ongoing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HOBURG<\/strong>, Warren \u201cWoody\u201d W., Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Sept. 16, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.; hometown: same  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in aeronautics and stronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctorate in electrical engineering and computer science from University of California, Berkeley <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crew-6 and Expedition 69 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2023 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total of 11 hours and 38 minutes <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 186 days <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KIM<\/strong>, Jonny Y., M.D., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born Feb. 5, 1984, in Los Angeles; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of San Diego<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KIM<\/strong>, Jonny Y., M.D., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born Feb. 5, 1984, in Los Angeles; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of San Diego<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"management-astronauts\">2.2 U.S. Management Astronauts<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, right, pose for a group photograph.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/NHQ202202280010\/NHQ202202280010~large.jpg?w=1200&h=800&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, right, pose for a group photograph, Monday, Feb. 28, 2022, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA\/Bill Ingalls)<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ACABA<\/strong>, Joseph M.\n<ul>\n<li>Educator astronaut <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Born May 17, 1967, in Inglewood, Calif.; hometown: Anaheim, Calif. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in geology from the University of California-Santa Barbara <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in geology from University of Arizona <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 31\/32 on Soyuz in 2012  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expeditions 53\/54 on Soyuz in 2018 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 46 minutes <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 306 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ARNOLD<\/strong>, Richard R., II\n<ul>\n<li>Educator astronaut<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Born Nov. 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Md.; hometown: Bowie, Md.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Frostburg State University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Science from University of Maryland<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 55\/56 on Soyuz in 2018<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 4 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 209 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AU\u00d1\u00d3N-CHANCELLOR<\/strong>, Serena M., M.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born April 9, 1976, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas – Health Science Center in Houston<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 56\/57 on Soyuz in 2018<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 197 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BOWERSOX<\/strong>, Kenneth D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Nov. 14, 1956, in Portsmouth, Va.; hometown: Bedford, Ind.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 6: STS-113 Endeavour (up) in 2002 and Soyuz (down) in 2003<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks with total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 211 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CABANA<\/strong>, Robert D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Jan. 23, 1949, in Minneapolis, Minn.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 37 days, 22 hours, 42 minutes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CAGLE<\/strong>, Yvonne D., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born April 24, 1959, in West Point, N.Y.; hometown: Novato, Calif.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from San Francisco State University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from the University of Washington<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Certified senior aviation medical examiner from FAA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CREAMER<\/strong>, Timothy J. \u201cT.J.\u201d, Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Nov. 15, 1959, in Fort Huachuca, Ariz.; hometown: Upper Marlboro, Md.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Loyola College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 22\/23 on Soyuz in 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 163 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DREW<\/strong>, B. Alvin, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Nov. 5, 1962, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering and Physics from the U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Aerospace Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Strategic Studies in Political Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 48 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 25 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FORRESTER<\/strong>, Patrick G., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born March 31, 1957, in El Paso, Texas; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Applied Sciences and Engineering from U.S. Military Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from University of Virginia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 30 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 39 days <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KELLY<\/strong>, James \u201cJim\u201d M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born May 14, 1964, in Burlington, Iowa; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 26 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LINNEHAN<\/strong>, Richard M., B.S., D.V.M., MPA\n<ul>\n<li>Born Sept. 19, 1957, in Lowell Mass.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Animal Sciences (minor in microbiology) from University of New Hampshire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Public Administration from The Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 12 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 59 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LOVE<\/strong>, Stanley G., Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born June 8, 1965, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Eugene, Ore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics from Harvey Mudd College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from University of Washington<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 23 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 12 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MELROY<\/strong>, Pamela A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Sept 17, 1961, in Palo Alto, Calif.; hometown Rochester, N.Y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics & Astronomy from Wellesley College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 38 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MORIN<\/strong>, Lee M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Sept. 9, 1952, in Manchester, N.H.; hometown: same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mathematical\/Electrical Science from the University of New Hampshire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Biochemistry from New York University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from New York University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology from New York University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Public Health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Physics from University of Houston-Clear Lake<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total time of 14 hours, 7 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 10 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WILLIAMS<\/strong>, Jeffrey \u201cJeff\u201d N., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Jan. 18, 1958, in Superior, Wis.; hometown: Winter, Wis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Applied Science and Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 13 on Soyuz in 2006<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expeditions 21\/22 on Soyuz in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expeditions 47\/48 on Soyuz in 2016<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 55 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 534 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"astronaut-candidates\">2.3 NASA Astronaut Candidates<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"NASA 2021 Astronaut Candidate Announcement at Ellington Field\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=300&h=169&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=768&h=432&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=1024&h=576&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=1536&h=864&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=400&h=225&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=600&h=338&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=900&h=506&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o\/nasa-and-uae-astronaut-candidates_51731898421_o~large.jpg?w=1200&h=675&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA 2021 Astronaut Candidate Announcement at Ellington Field.  Photo Date: December 6, 2021.  Location: Ellington Field – Hangar 135.  Photographer: Robert Markowitz.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>AYERS<\/strong>, V. Nichole, Major, U.S. Air Force\n<ul>\n<li>Born ,1989, in San Diego, Cal.; hometown: Divide, Colorado<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mathematics with a minor in Russian from the U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Computational and Applied Mathematics from Rice University<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BERRIOS<\/strong>, G. Marcos, Ph.D., Major, U.S. Air Force\n<ul>\n<li>Born, 1984 Fort Campbell, TN.; hometown: Guaynabo, Puerto Rico<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctorate in Aeronautics from Stanford University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U.S. Naval Test Pilot School<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BIRCH<\/strong>, M. Christina, Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Nov.17, 1986, in Mesa, Ariz.; hometown: Gilbert, Arizona<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of Arizona<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics with a minor in Spanish from University of Arizona<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctorate in Biological Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BURNHAM<\/strong>, M. Deniz, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born in 1985 at Incirlik Air Base in Turkey; home: Wasilla, Alaska<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from University of California<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Southern California<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DELANEY<\/strong>, Luke, Major, U.S. Marine Corps, (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born in 1979 Miami FL.; hometown: DeBary, Florida<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of North Florida<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Naval Postgraduate School<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DOUGLAS<\/strong>, Andre, Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born 1986 in Miami FL.; hometown: Chesapeake, Virginia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from U.S. Coast Guard Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Michigan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from University of Michigan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering from John Hopkins University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctorate in Systems Engineering from George Washington University<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HATHAWAY<\/strong>, Jack, Commander, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born 1982 in South Windsor, Connecticut<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics and History from U.S. Naval Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Flight Dynamics from Cranfield University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in National Security and Strategic Studies from U.S. Naval War College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Empire Test Pilot School<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> <strong>MENON<\/strong>, S. Anil, M.D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Born Oct. 15, 1976 in Minneapolis, Minnesota<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Neurobiology from Harvard University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine, Stanford Medical School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Residency of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fellowship in Wilderness Medicine, Stanford University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Residency in Aerospace Medicine from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Master of Science in Public Health from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WILLIAMS<\/strong>, L. Christopher, Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born 1983 in New York City, NY.; hometown: Potomac, Maryland<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics from Stanford University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctorate in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Residency Training at Harvard Medical Residency Program<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>WITTNER<\/strong>, A. Jessica, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy Born\n<ul>\n<li>1983 Fresno, CA.; hometown: Clovis, California<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Arizona<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U.S. Naval Test Pilot School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of science in Aerospace Engineering from U.S. Naval Post Graduate School Naval Command and staff graduate from U.S. Naval War College<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"former-astronauts\">2.4 FORMER ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 32% 23%; object-position: 32% 23%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=150&h=150&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=300&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=768&h=768&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=1024&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=50&h=50&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=100&h=100&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=200&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=400&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=600&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=900&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as16-113-18339\/as16-113-18339~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">AS16-113-18339 (21 April 1972) — Astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 16 lunar landing mission, leaps from the lunar surface as he salutes the United States flag at the Descartes landing site during the first Apollo 16 extravehicular activity (EVA).  Astronaut Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot, took this picture. The Lunar Module (LM) “Orion” is on the left. The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is parked beside the LM. The object behind Young (in the shade of the LM) is the Far Ultraviolet Camera\/Spectrograph (FUC\/S). Stone Mountain dominates the background in this lunar scene. While astronauts Young and Duke descended in the LM to explore the Descartes highlands landing site on the moon, astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) “Casper” in lunar orbit.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ACTON<\/strong>, Loren W., Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Payload specialist<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Born March 7, 1936, in Lewiston, Mont.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science from Montana State University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctorate from the University of Colorado<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 7 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ADAMSON<\/strong>, James C., Colonel, U. S. Army (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born March 3, 1946, in Warsaw, N.Y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Graduate of the Navy Test Pilot School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 13 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AKERS<\/strong>, Thomas D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born May 20, 1951, in St. Louis, Mo.; hometown: Eminence, Mo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Applied Mathematics from the Missouri University of Science and Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 40 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 33 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ALDRIN<\/strong>, Buzz, Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born January 20, 1930, in Montclair, N.J.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Science in Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gemini 12 in 1966<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apollo 11 in 1969<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total time of 4 hours, 41 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 12 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ALLEN<\/strong>, Andrew M., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Villanova University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master\u2019s in Business Administration from the University of Florida<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 37 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ALLEN<\/strong>, Joseph P., Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born June 27, 1937, in Crawfordsville, Ind.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics from DePauw University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Yale University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 13 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ALTMAN<\/strong>, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Aug. 15, 1959, in Lincoln, Ill.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 51 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ANDERS<\/strong>, William A., Major General, U.S. Air Force Reserve (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Oct. 17, 1933, in Hong Kong<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the U. S. Naval Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apollo 8 in 1968<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 6 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ANDERSON<\/strong>, Clayton C.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Feb. 23, 1959, in Omaha, Neb.;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hometown: Ashland, Neb. Bachelor of Science in Physics from Hastings College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Iowa State University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expedition 15: STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6 spacewalks for a total time of 38 hours, 28 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 166 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ANTONELLI<\/strong>, Dominic A., Commander, U.S. Navy\n<ul>\n<li>Born August 23, 1967, in Detroit, Mich.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from University of Washington<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 24 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>APT<\/strong>, Jerome, Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born April 18, 1949, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Pittsburgh, Pa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Harvard College<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 13 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 35 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ARCHAMBAULT<\/strong>, Lee J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Aug. 25, 1960, in Oak Park, Ill.; hometown: Bellwood, Ill.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aeronautical\/astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois-Urbana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 26 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ASHBY<\/strong>, Jeffrey S., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born June 16, 1954, in Dallas, Texas; hometown: Evergreen, Colo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Idaho<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Graduate of the Naval Test Pilot School<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Graduate of the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 27 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BAGIAN<\/strong>, James P., M.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Feb. 22, 1952, in Philadelphia, Pa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from Thomas Jefferson University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 14 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BAKER<\/strong>, Ellen S., M.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born April 27, 1953, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: New York, N.Y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Arts in Geology from the State University of New York \u2013 Buffalo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Public Health from the University of Texas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 28 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BAKER<\/strong>, Michael A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Oct. 27, 1953, in Memphis, Tenn.; hometown: Lemoore, Calif.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 40 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BARRY<\/strong>, Daniel T, M.D., Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Dec. 30, 1953, in Norwalk, Conn.; hometown: South Hadley, Mass.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Engineering from Princeton University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering\/computer science from Princeton University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctor of Medicine from the University of Miami<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 49 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 30 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BARTOE<\/strong>, John-David F., Ph.D.\n<ul>\n<li>Payload Specialist<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Born Nov. 17, 1944, in Abington, Pa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics from Lehigh University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy of Physics from Georgetown University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 7 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BEHNKEN<\/strong>, Robert L., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force\n<ul>\n<li>Born July 28, 1970, in Creve Coeur, Mo.; hometown: St. Ann, Mo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mechanical Engineering from Washington University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from California Institute of Technology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demo-2 and Expedition 63 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2020<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 10 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 63 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BLAHA<\/strong>, John E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)\n<ul>\n<li>Born Aug. 26, 1942, in San Antonio, Texas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mir: STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) in 1996 and STS-81 on Atlantis (landing) in 1997<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 160 days<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deceased-astronauts\">2.5 DECEASED ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?w=1920\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A close-up view of an astronaut's boot print in the lunar soil, photographed with a lunar surface camera during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Moon.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.1); transform-origin: 47% 80%; object-position: 47% 80%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/as11-40-5877-large.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A close-up view of an astronaut’s boot print in the lunar soil, photographed with a lunar surface camera during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Moon.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>ANDERSON, Michael P., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force\n<ul>\n<li>Born Dec. 25, 1959, in Plattsburgh, N.Y.; hometown: Spokane, Wash.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Physics\/Astronomy from University of Washington<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Physics from Creighton University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 24 days, 18 hours, 8 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DIED: Feb. 1, 2003<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ARMSTRONG, Neil A.\n<ul>\n<li>Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Southern California<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gemini 8 in 1966<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apollo 11 in 1969<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 spacewalk for a total time of 2 hours, 32 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Total time in space: 8 days, 13 hours, 59 minutes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DIED: Aug. 25, 2012<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"astronauts-by-groups\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1018&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1018\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1018&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1018&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=300&h=159&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=768&h=407&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=1024&h=543&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=1536&h=814&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=400&h=212&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=600&h=318&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=900&h=477&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s63-00562\/s63-00562~large.jpg?w=1200&h=636&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">S63-00562 (February 1963) — Portrait of astronaut groups 1 and 2. The original seven Mercury astronauts selected by NASA in April 1959, are seated (left to right): L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, M. Scott Carpenter, Water M. Schirra Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr., and Donald K. Slayton. The second group of NASA astronauts, which were named in September 1962, are standing (left to right): Edward H. White II, James A. McDivitt, John W. Young, Elliot M. See Jr., Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, Thomas P. Stafford, and James A. Lovell Jr. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 1 <\/strong>– Mercury Astronauts, April 1959:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Carpenter\/USN, Cooper\/USAF, Glenn\/USMC, Grissom\/USAF, Schirra\/USN, A. Shepard\/USN, Slayton\/USAF Reserves (7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 2<\/strong> – Pilot Astronauts, September 1962:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Armstrong, Borman\/USAF, Conrad\/USN, Lovell\/USN, McDivitt\/USAF, See, Stafford\/USAF, White\/USAF, Young\/USN (9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 3<\/strong> – Pilot Astronauts, October 1963:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin\/USAF, Anders\/USAF, Bassett\/USAF, Bean\/USN, Cernan\/USN, Chaffee\/USN, M. Collins\/USAF, Cunningham\/USMC Reserves, Eisele\/USAF, Freeman\/USAF, Gordon\/USN, Schweickart\/ANG, D. Scott\/USAF, C. Williams\/USMC (14)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 4<\/strong> – Scientist Astronauts, June 1965:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garriott, E. Gibson, Graveline, Kerwin\/USN, Michel, Schmitt (6)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 5<\/strong> – Pilot Astronauts, April 1966:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brand, Bull\/USN, Carr\/USMC, Duke\/USAF, Engle\/USAF, Evans\/USN, Givens\/USAF, Haise, Irwin\/USAF, Lind\/USNR, Lousma\/USMC, Mattingly\/USN, McCandless\/USN, Mitchell\/USN, Pogue\/USAF, Roosa\/USAF, Swigert, Weitz\/USN, Worden\/USAF (19)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 6<\/strong> – Scientist Astronauts, August 1967:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J. Allen, Chapman, England, Henize, Holmquest, Lenoir, Llewellyn, Musgrave, O\u2019Leary, Parker, W. Thornton (11)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 7<\/strong> – Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory Astronauts, August 1969:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bobko\/USAF, Crippen\/USN, Fullerton\/USAF, Hartsfield\/USAF, Overmyer\/USMC, Peterson\/USAF, Truly\/USN (7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 8<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1978:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bluford\/USAF, Brandenstein\/USN, Buchli\/USMC, Coats\/USN, Covey\/USAF, Creighton\/USN, Fabian\/USAF, A. Fisher, D. Garner\/USN, R. Gibson\/USN, F. Gregory\/USAF, Griggs\/USNR, Hart\/ANG, Hauck\/USN, Hawley, Hoffman, Lucid, McBride\/USN, McNair, Mullane\/USAF, Nagel\/USAF, Nelson, Onizuka\/USAF, Resnik, Ride, Scobee\/USAF, Seddon, Shaw\/USAF, Shriver\/USAF, Stewart\/USA, Sullivan, Thagard, van Hoften\/UNR, D. Walker\/USN, D. Williams\/USN (35)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 9<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1980:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bagian\/USAFR, Blaha\/USAF, Bolden\/USMC, Bridges\/USAF, Chang-Diaz, Cleave, Dunbar, W. Fisher, G. Gardner\/USAF, Grabe\/USAF, Hilmers\/USMC, Leestma\/USN, Lounge, O\u2019Connor\/USMC, R. Richards\/USN, Ross\/USAF, M. Smith\/USN, Spring\/USA, Springer\/USMC (19)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 10<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1984:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adamson\/USA, E. Baker, M. Brown\/USAF, Cameron\/USMC, Carter\/USN, Casper\/USAF, Culbertson\/USN, Gutierrez\/USAF, Hammond\/USAF, Ivins, Lee\/USAF, Low, McCulley\/USN, W. Shepherd\/USN, K. Thornton, Veach\/ANG, Wetherbee\/USN (17)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 11<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1985:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apt, M. Baker\/USN, Cabana\/USMC, Duffy\/USAF, Gemar\/USA, Godwin, Hendricks\/USAF, Hieb, Jernigan, Meade\/USAF, Oswald\/USNR, Thorne\/USN, Thuot\/USN (13)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 12<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, August 1987:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Akers\/USAF, A. Allen\/USMC, Bowersox\/USN, C. Brown\/USAF, Chilton\/USAF, Davis, Foale, Harbaugh, Jemison, McMonagle\/USAF, Melnick\/USCG, Readdy\/USN, Reightler\/USN, Runco\/USN, James Voss\/USA (15)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 13 <\/strong>– Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1990:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bursch\/USN, Chiao, Clifford\/USA, Cockrell\/USN, E. Collins\/USAF, Currie (Sherlock) USA, W. Gregory\/USAF, Halsell\/USAF, Harris, Helms\/USAF, Jones, W. McArthur\/USA, Newman, Ochoa, Precourt\/USAF, Searfoss\/USAF, Sega\/USAFR, D. Thomas, Janice Voss, Walz\/USAF, Wilcutt\/USMC, Wisoff, Wolf\/ANG (23)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 14<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, March 1992:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barry, Brady\/USN, Coleman\/USAF, Gernhardt, Grunsfeld, Horowitz\/USAF, Jett\/USN, Kregel\/, Lawrence\/USN, Linenger\/USN, Linnehan, Lopez-Alegria\/USN, Parazynski, Rominger\/USN, W. Scott\/USN, S. Smith, Tanner, A. Thomas, M. Weber (19)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 15<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1995:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Altman\/USN, M. Anderson\/USAF, Ashby\/USN, Bloomfield\/USAF, Chawla, Curbeam\/USN, Edwards\/USN, Gorie\/USN, Hire\/USNR, Husband\/USAF, Kavandi, Lindsey\/USAF, Lu, Melroy\/USAF, Noriega\/USMC, Reilly\/USNR, S. Robinson, Kilrain (Still)\/USN, Sturckow\/USMC (19)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 16<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1996:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D. Brown\/USN, Burbank\/USCG, Cagle\/USAF, Caldeiro, Camarda, Carey\/USAF, Clark\/USN, Fincke\/USAF, Forrester\/USA, Frick\/USN, Herrington\/USN, Higginbotham, Hobaugh\/USMC, J. Kelly\/USAF, M. Kelly\/USN, S. Kelly\/USN, Lockhart\/USAF, Loria\/USMC, Magnus, Massimino, Mastracchio, McCool\/USN, Morin\/USN, Nowak\/USN, Pettit, Phillips\/USNR, Polansky, P. Richards, Sellers, Stefanyshyn-Piper\/USN, Tani, Walheim\/USAF, Whitson, J. Williams\/USA, Wilson (35)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 17<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1998:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C. Anderson, Archambault\/USAF, Dyson (Caldwell), Chamitoff, Creamer\/USA, Ferguson\/USN, Foreman\/USN, Fossum\/USAFR, Ham\/USN, G.C. Johnson\/USNR, G.H. Johnson (Box)\/USAF, Love, Melvin, B. Morgan, Oefelein\/USN, Olivas, Patrick, Poindexter\/USN, Reisman, Robertson, Swanson, Wheelock\/USA, S. Williams\/USN, Woodward\/USN, Zamka\/USMC (25)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 18<\/strong> – Pilots and Mission Specialists, July 2000:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antonelli\/USN, Barratt, Behnken\/USAF, Boe\/USAF, Bowen\/USN, Drew\/USAF, Feustel, Ford\/USAF, Garan\/USAF, Good\/USAF, Hurley\/USMC, Kopra\/USA, M. McArthur, Nyberg, Stott, Virts\/USAF, Wilmore\/USN (17)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 19<\/strong> – Pilots, Mission Specialists & Educator Mission Specialists, May 2004:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acaba (edu), Arnold (edu), Bresnik\/USMC, Cassidy\/USN, Dutton\/USAF, Hernandez, Kimbrough\/USA, Marshburn, Metcalf-Lindenburger (edu), Satcher, S. Walker (11)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 20<\/strong> \u2013 U. S. Astronauts, July 2009:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aunon, Epps, Fischer\/USAF, Hopkins\/USAF, Lindgren, Rubins, Tingle\/USN, Vande Hei\/USA, Wiseman\/USN (9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 21<\/strong> \u2013 U.S. Astronauts, June 2013:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cassada\/USN, Glover\/USN, Hague\/USAF, Koch, Mann\/USMC, McClain\/USA, Meir, A. Morgan\/USA (8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 22<\/strong>– U.S. Astronauts, June 2017:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barron\/USN, Cardman, Chari\/USAF, Dominick\/USN, Hines\/USAF, Hoburg, Kim\/USN, Moghbeli\/USMC, O\u2019Hara, Rubio\/USA, Watkins<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GROUP 23<\/strong>– U.S. Astronauts, December 2021:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayers\/USAF, Berrios\/USAF, Birch, Burnham\/USN, Delaney\/USMC, Douglas, Hathaway\/USN, Menon\/USAF, Williams, Wittner\/USN<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"medal-of-honor\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/space-medal-of-honor\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"915\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"President Carter gives Neil Armstrong the Congressional Space Medal of Honor\" style=\"transform: scale(1.1); transform-origin: 47% 64%; object-position: 47% 64%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg?resize=300,264 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg?resize=768,675 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg?resize=1024,900 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg?resize=400,352 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg?resize=600,527 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/464448main_GPN-2000-001863_full.jpg?resize=900,791 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Astronaut Neil Armstrong received the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor from President Jimmy Carter, assisted by Captain Robert Peterson. Armstrong, one of six astronauts to be presented the medal during ceremonies held in the Vehicle Assembly Building, was awarded for his performance during the Gemini 8 mission and the Apollo 11 mission.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In honor of NASA’s 20th anniversary, President Jimmy Carter visited NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center on October 1, 1978, and awarded the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor to six former astronauts. Authorized by Congress in 1969, the award recognized “any astronaut who in the performance of his duties has distinguished himself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation and mankind.” Recipients are recommended by the NASA Administrator and presented by the President of the United States. These astronauts received this special honor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neil A. Armstrong, for actions to overcome problems on the Gemini 8 mission and for Apollo 11 when he took his “\u2026giant leap for mankind.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frank Borman, who commanded the Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 missions. The latter was the first manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Charles Conrad, Jr., who participated in four space flights of increasing duration, complexity and achievement: Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2. On the first manned Skylab mission, he commanded the crew that performed repairs to the damaged orbital workshop, thus saving the two-billion-dollar program from potential failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John H. Glenn, Jr., who in Mercury 6 was the first American to orbit the Earth. The success of his flight demonstrated the value of the human pilot in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Virgil I. Grissom (posthumously), the second American in space, who took part in Mercury and Gemini flights and lost his life during preparations for the first Apollo flight. He flew on Mercury 4 and Gemini 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alan B. Shepard, Jr., who was the first American in space, aboard Mercury 3. He also commanded the Apollo 14 mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roger B. Chaffee (posthumously) was one of the third group of astronauts chosen but lost his life before his first flight during preparations for the first Apollo flight. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Edward H. White (posthumously) piloted Gemini 4 and performed the first U.S. space walk, floating outside the capsule for 21 minutes. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John W. Young, who demonstrated leadership, courage, and technical skill in a space flight career that spanned two decades and five (at that time) space flights pivotal to human progress in space. He flew on Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, and STS-1 prior to receipt of the medal which was presented May 19, 1981, by President Ronald Reagan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas J. Stafford, who commanded the first flight of the lunar module to the Moon and the American crew that rendezvoused with a Soviet spacecraft in 1975. He was recognized for his past contributions, and for continuing to serve the Nation in charting a future vision for our space program. He flew on Gemini 6 and 9, Apollo 10, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Vice President Dan Quayle at the direction of President George Bush presented the medal in 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James A. Lovell, who flew on Gemini 7 and 12, and Apollo 8 and 13, was presented the medal on July 26, 1995. In his remarks, President Bill Clinton especially commended Lovell for his performance on Apollo 13, which demonstrated, \u201cthe kind of resourcefulness, grit, and grace under pressure that is the province of heroes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days in space on the U.S. space shuttle and the Russian space station Mir, was presented the medal on December 2, 1996. Noting that the medal is given out sparingly because it honors \u201cextraordinary service to the nation,\u201d President Bill Clinton added that \u201cDr. Lucid achieved that kind of service for 188 days this year, the longest flight by an American in space, the longest time for any woman of any nation in space, five shuttle missions altogether.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William Shepherd, who was the first astronaut to command a crew on the International Space Station, received the medal from President George W. Bush on January 15, 2003. Shepherd and the two other members of his crew spent 141 days in space, beginning a new era of international cooperation in space exploration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rick D. Husband, Willie C. McCool, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Michael P. Anderson, Laurel B. Clark and Ilan Ramon were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nations and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on February 3, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Francis R. Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Judith A. Resnik, Ellison S. Onizuka, Ronald E. McNair, Gregory B. Jarvis and Sharon Christa McAuliffe were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nation and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on July 23, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robert Crippen was presented the medal for his dedicated service to the country as a military aviator, test pilot, engineer, and astronaut, including his assignment as pilot for the historic STS-1 mission, the first orbital spaceflight of the Space Shuttle program. In the same month as the 25th anniversary of STS-1, the medal was presented by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin in the name of President George W. Bush on April 26, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"astronauts-by-state\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"birthplaces\">5.1 ASTRONAUT BIRTHPLACES<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1279&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1279&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Image showing city lights of the United Statees\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1279&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=1024&h=682&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1023&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=400&h=266&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590\/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001590~large.jpg?w=1200&h=799&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA image acquired April 18 – October 23, 2012  This image of the United States of America at night is a composite assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>STATE<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alabama (6)<\/td><td>Hartsfield, Henry <br>Hire, Kathryn <br>Jemison, Mae<br>Thornton, Kathryn <br>Voss, James S.<br>Williams, Clifton C.<\/td><td>Deceased<br>Former<br>Former<br>Former<br>Former<br>Deceased<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alaska (1)<\/td><td>Burnham, M. Deniz<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arizona (3)<\/td><td>Birch, M. Christina<br>Creamer, T. J.<br>Smith, Steven<\/td><td>Candidate<br>Management<br>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arkansas (2)<\/td><td>Covey, Richard<br>Parazynski, Scott<\/td><td>Former<br>Former<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>California (30)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Colorado (11)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Connecticut (7)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC (Washington) (4)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Delaware (1)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Florida (8)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Georgia (5)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hawaii (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Idaho (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Illinois (15)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indiana (11)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iowa (7)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kansas (4)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kentucky (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Louisiana (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maine (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maryland (9)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Massachusetts (13)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Michigan (11)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minnesota (6)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mississippi (3)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Missouri (6)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nebraska (1)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New Hampshire (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New Mexico (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New York (26)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>North Carolina (11)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>North Dakota (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ohio (20)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oklahoma (5)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oregon (3)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pennsylvania (18)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rhode Island (1)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Carolina (5)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Dakota (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tennessee (6)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Texas (23)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Utah (1)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vermont (1)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Virginia (11)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Washington (7)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>West Virginia (2)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wisconsin (7)<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Puerto Rico (1)<\/td><td>Berrios, G. Marcos<\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hometowns\">5.2 ASTRONAUT HOMETOWNS<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 0%; object-position: 50% 0%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-07PD-3224\/KSC-07PD-3224~large.jpg?w=1200&h=800&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The STS-120 crew members are ready for their return to flight to Houston. From left are Pilot George Zamka, Mission Specialists Paolo Nespoli, Doug Wheelock, Stephanie Wilson and Scott Parazynski, and Commander Pamela Melroy. A welcoming ceremony for the crew is planned at NASA’s Hangar 276 on the south end of Ellington Field in Texas. On the 15-day mission, the STS-120 crew continued the construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. They landed Nov. 7 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>HOMETOWN<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acaba, Joseph M.<\/td><td>Management<\/td><td>Anaheim, Calif.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adamson, James C.<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Woodbine, Md.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akers, Thomas D.<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Eminence, Mo.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aldrin, Buzz<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Montclair, N.J.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"colleges\">5.3 ASTRONAUT COLLEGES<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Astronaut Drew Feustel receiving an honorary Doctorate degree from the University of Purdue\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 0% 0%; object-position: 0% 0%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg 3584w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/astronaut-honorary-degree.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">View taken of Astronaut Drew Feustel receiving an honorary Doctorate degree from the University of Purdue. Feustel, along with Purdue Alumnus Scott Tingle, will also participate in Purdue\u2019s commencement ceremony, sharing words with the recent graduates.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>ALABAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Auburn University (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Davis, T. Mattingly, K. Thornton, J.S. Voss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: H. Hartsfield, C. Williams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Troy State (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: K. Ford, W. Gregory, J. Halsell, K. Kregel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Alabama (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: R.T. Hines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: J. Kelly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Alabama-Huntsville (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Davis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Alabama-Birmingham (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: L. Morin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Air University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: V. Glover<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Air War College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: Randy Bresnik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARIZONA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Arizona (7)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Acaba, D. Pettit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Jones, S. Spring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: F. Caldeiro, D. Scobee<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: C. Birch, J. Wittner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CALIFORNIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Naval Postgraduate School (37)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Dominick, V. Glover, J. Moghbeli,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Altman, D. Bursch, M. Coats, R. Curbeam, C. Ferguson, M. Foreman, S.<br>Frick, K. Ham, J. Herrington, D. Hilmers, B. Jett, M. Kelly, D. Leestma, M. LopezAlgeria, J. Lousma, J. McBride, C. Noriega, L. Nowak, K. Reightler, K. Rominger,<br>W. Scott, R. Springer, J. Williams<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: G. Carr, E. Cernan, R. Evans, W. McCool, E. Mitchell, R. Overmyer, A.<br>Poindexter, M. Smith, P. Weitz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: L. Delaney, J. Wittner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stanford University (26)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Fincke, M. Hopkins, N. Mann, K. Rubins, M. Vande Hei, J. Watkins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Collins, W. Fisher, S. Helms, M. Jemison, T. Jernigan, E. Lu, B. Morgan,<br>E. Ochoa, S. Parazynski, S. Robinson, S. Smith, J. Wisoff<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: J. Bull, O. Garriott, D. Low, B. McCandless, S. Ride<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: M. Berrios, A. Menon, C. Williams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stanford Medical School (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: A. Menon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>California Institute of Technology (11)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: F. Borman, G. Chamitoff, E. Gibson, C. Meade, R. Parker, G. Reisman, H.<br>Schmitt, R. Behnken<br><em>Deceased<\/em>: C.G. Fullerton, C. Michel, R. Searfoss<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Southern California (11)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Bolden, N. Currie, B. Duffy, J. Linenger, C. Noriega, K.<br>Reightler, P. Thuot<br><em>Deceased<\/em>: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, K. Bobko<br><em>Candidate<\/em>: D. Burnham<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of California-Berkeley (9)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: W. Hoburg<br><em>Former<\/em>: L. Chiao, T. Jernigan, M. Seddon, J. van Hoften, R. Walheim, M.<br>Weber<br><em>Deceased<\/em>: B. O\u2019Leary,  D. Lind<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of California-Los Angeles (9)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. McArthur, J. Watkins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: V. Brand, A. Fisher, S. Musgrave, J. Phillips<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: E. See, W. Cunningham<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: D. Burnham<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>California Polytechnic (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: V. Glover<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: G. Chamitoff, R. Gibson, R. Sturckow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>California State-Fresno (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. McMonagle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. Husband, S. Nagel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>California State University-Fullerton (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: T.C. Dyson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>California State University-Northridge (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Horowitz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of California-Santa Barbara (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: J. Acaba<br><em>Former<\/em>: L. Chiao, J. Hernandez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Golden Gate (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Henricks, C. Precourt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harvey Mudd (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: S. Love<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: G. Nelson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of California-Davis (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: T.C. Dyson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Robinson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of California-San Diego (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. McArthur, K. Rubins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: D. Burnham<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of California-Santa Cruz (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Hawley, K. Sullivan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of San Diego\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Dominick, J. Kim<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>San Diego State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Ochoa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>San Francisco State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: Y. Cagle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Pacific (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Hernandez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Air University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: V. Glover<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Meir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>COLORADO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>United States Air Force Academy (38)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: E. Boe, R. Chari, T. Hague, K. Lindgren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: B.A. Drew, J. Kelly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Blaha, M. Bloomfield, R. Bridges, C. Brown, J. Casper, K.<br>Chilton, R. Covey, B. Duffy, J. Dutton, J. Fischer, G. Gardner, R. Grabe, F. Gregory,<br>W. Gregory, S. Gutierrez, J. Halsell, B. Hammond, S. Helms, T. Hendricks, G.H.<br>Johnson, T. Jones, K. Kregel, M. Lee, S. Lindsey, D. McMonagle, C. Precourt, R.<br>Sega, L. Shriver, T. Virts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. Searfoss, C. Veach,  K. Bobko<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: N. Ayers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Colorado (14)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: K. Lindgren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: V. Brand, J. Herrington, R. Hieb, M. Ivins, R. Sega, S. Swanson, J.S. Voss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: S. Carpenter, K. Chawla, M. Lounge, E. Onizuka, S. Roosa, J. Swigert<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colorado State (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: K. Lindgren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Cleave, K. Rominger, J. van Hoften<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CONNECTICUT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Coast Guard Academy (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Burbank, B. Melnick<br><em>Candidate<\/em>: A. Douglas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Connecticut (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: F. Chang-Diaz, R. Mastracchio<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hartford (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: J. Swigert<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yale (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Allen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>George Washington University (7)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: S. Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Coats, C. Camarda, J. Creighton, F. Gregory, N. Woodward<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Griggs\\<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: A. Douglas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Georgetown (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: B. O\u2019Leary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FLORIDA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Embry-Riddle University (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: A. Drew<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Burbank, R. Garan, S. Still-Kilrain, N. Stott, T. Virts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of West Florida (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Buchli, K. Cockrell, B. Melnick, B. O\u2019Connor, J. Phillips<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. Richards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Florida Institute of Technology (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: S. Williams<br><em>Former<\/em>: J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, G. Zamka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Florida (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: W. Fisher, K. Ford, R. Garan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Florida State (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: W. Scott, N. Thagard<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atlantic (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Swanson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Central Florida (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: N. Stott<br><em>Deceased<\/em>: F. Caldeiro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Miami (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Barry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of North Florida (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: L. Delaney<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GEORGIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Georgia Institute of Technology (14)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: E. Boe, D. Wheelock<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Clifford, J. Davis, B. Hammond, S. Horowitz, T. Kopra, S. Magnus, W.<br>McArthur, S. Still-Kilrain, R. Truly, R.S. Kimbrough,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: A. Poindexter, J. Young<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Emory (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: M. Carter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IOWA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Cornell (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Hilmers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iowa State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Anderson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wesleyan (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: P. Whitson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IDAHO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Northwest Nazarene (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: R. Hieb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Idaho (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Ashby<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ILLINOIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Illinois (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Altman, L. Archambault, J. Tanner, M. Hopkins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Gardner, S. Nagel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Northwestern (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Barratt<br><em>Former<\/em>: J. Kerwin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Southern Illinois University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Higginbotham<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Chicago (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Grunsfeld<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>INDIANA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Purdue University (21)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: A. Feustel, L. O\u2019Hara, S. Tingle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Blaha, R. Bridges, M. Brown, J. Casper, R. Covey, G. Gardner,<br>G. Harbaugh, M. McCulley, M. Polansky, J. Ross, L. Shriver, M. Weber, D. Wolf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: N. Armstrong, E. Cernan, R. Chaffee, V. Grissom, D. Williams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notre Dame (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: M. Good<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: K. Ford, J. Wetherbee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DePauw University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Allen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indiana University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Wolf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KANSAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>United States Army Command and General Staff College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: R. Chari<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Kansas (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: L. O\u2019Hara<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Engle, S. Hawley<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. Evans<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KENTUCKY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Kentucky (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Musgrave<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Western Kentucky University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Wilcutt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LOUISIANA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Tulane University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Hurley<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MARYLAND<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>United States Naval Academy (55)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: K. Barron, S. Bowen, R.T. Hines, N. A. Mann, S. Williams<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: K. Bowersox, R. Cabana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: W. Anders, C. Bolden, J. Buchli, D. Bursch, M. Coats, J. Creighton, F.<br>Culbertson, R. Curbeam, C. Duke, J. Edwards, M. Foreman, S. Frick, D. Gorie, K.<br>Ham, K. Hire, C. Hobaugh, B. Jett, W. Lawrence, D. Leestma, J. Linenger, M.<br>Lopez-Alegria, C. Loria, J. Lovell, L. Nowak, B. O\u2019Connor, S. Oswald, J. Phillips, W.<br>Readdy, K. Reightler, W. Shepherd, R. Springer, T. Stafford, P. Thuot, G. Zamka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Eisele, T. Freeman, E. Givens, D. Griggs, J. Irwin, M. Lounge, B.<br>McCandless, W. McCool, W. Schirra, A. Shepard, M. Smith, S. Thorne, D. Walker,  C. Cassidy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: J. Hathaway<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>United States Naval Test Pilot School (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: R. Chari, M. Dominick, J. Moghbeli<br><em>Candidate<\/em>: M. Berrios, L. Delaney, J. Wittner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Maryland (5)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Epps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>:  P. Richards<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: R. Arnold<br><em>Deceased<\/em>: W. McCool, J. Resnik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Johns Hopkins (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: G. R. Wiseman<br><em>Candidate<\/em>: A. Douglas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frostburg State University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: R. Arnold<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Loyola University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: T.J. Creamer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: A. Morgan, F. Rubio<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MASACHUSETTS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Massachusetts Institute of Technology (41)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: S. Bowen, R. Chari, M. Fincke, T. N. Hague, W. Hoburg, J. Moghbeli<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: T.J. Creamer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Aldrin, D. Antonelli, J. Apt, K. Cameron, C. Cassidy, G. Chamitoff, F.<br>Chang-Diaz, C. Coleman, C. Duke, A. England, J. Fischer, J. Grunsfeld, T. Hart, F.<br>Hauck, W. Lawrence, M. Lee, M. Massimino, P. Melroy, N. Patrick, R. Satcher, R.<br>Schweickart, D. Scott, W. Shepherd, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, D. Tani, N. Woodward<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: P. Chapman, W. Lenoir, R. McNair, E. Mitchell, J.E. Voss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: G. Berrios, C. Birch, C. Williams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harvard University (7)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Kim, S. Wilson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: R. Linnehan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Hoffman, R. Satcher, H. Schmitt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: A. Menon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harvard Medical School (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: C. Williams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amherst (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Hoffman, R. Parker<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Massachusetts (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Coleman<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SE Massachusetts University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: S. Tingle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harvard College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Apt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Holy Cross (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Kerwin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tufts (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: R. Hauck<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Williams College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: B. O\u2019Leary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boston University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: R.T. Hines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MICHIGAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Michigan (8)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Lousma<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: T. Freeman, K. Henize, J. Irwin, E. White, A. Worden, J. McDivitt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: A. Douglas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Albion College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Cassada<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oakland Community College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: Andrew Feustel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MINNESOTA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Minnesota (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: K. Lindgren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Carey<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Slayton<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>St. John\u2019s University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Vande Hei<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MISSOURI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Missouri University of Science and Technology (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Akers, J. Kavandi, S. Magnus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Missouri-Columbia (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: L. Godwin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. Richards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Webster-Missouri (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Collins, S. Gutierrez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Missouri Southern State University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Kavandi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Southeast Missouri State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: L. Godwin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Washington University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: R. Behnken<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MISSISSIPPI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Southern Mississippi (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: R. Stewart<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MONTANA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>John Carroll University (1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Walz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NEBRASKA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Creighton (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: M. Anderson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hastings (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Anderson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wayne State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Linenger<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NEW HAMPSHIRE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of New Hampshire (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: R. Linnehan, L. Morin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dartmouth (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Newman<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NEW JERSEY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Princeton (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Adamson, D. Barry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: G. Carr, C. Conrad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rutgers (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Hart, M. Runco<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NEW YORK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>United States Military Academy (21)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: R.S. Kimbrough, A. McClain, A. Morgan, F. Rubio, D. Wheelock<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: P. Forrester<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Adamson, E. Aldrin, F. Borman, M. Clifford, C. Gemar, T. Kopra, W.<br>McArthur, R. Mullane, D. Scott, S. Spring, J. Williams<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: M. Collins, D. Peterson, E. White, A. Worden<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Columbia University (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: K. Chilton, W. Gregory, G.H. Johnson, M. Massimino, S. Musgrave<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: K. Bowersox<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cornell University (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Baker, D. Barry, M. Jemison, E. Lu, D. Thomas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Low<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rensselaer Polytechnic (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: G. R. Wiseman<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. Mastracchio, J. Swigert<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Merchant Marine Academy (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Kelly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: E. See<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>State University of New York (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Baker, R. Garan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syracuse (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Collins, S. Musgrave<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>City College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Runco<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LeMoyne College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Epps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>New York University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: L. Morin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Camarda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rochester (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Cassada<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Gibson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NY State-Farmingdale (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: F. Caldeiro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NY State-Maritime (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Kelly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NORTH CAROLINA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of North Carolina (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: Z. Cardman<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Linenger<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: C. Brady, W. Thornton<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Davidson College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Marshburn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duke University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: C. Brady<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wake Forest (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Marshburn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Agricultural & Technical State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. McNair<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>North Carolina State University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: C. Koch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NORTH DAKOTA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of North Dakota (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: K. Nyberg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OHIO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Air Force Institute of Technology (12)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: W. Anders, G. Bluford, M. Brown, J. Fabian, K. Ford, M. Fossum, J. Halsell,<br>S. Lindsey, M. Mullane<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: G. Cooper, D. Eisele, D. Peterson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>United States Air Force Test Pilot School (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: B. Hines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ohio State University (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: R. Linnehan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: N. Currie, R. Sega<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baldwin-Wallace (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: R. Overmyer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Case Western (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Thomas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kent State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Walz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marietta (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: S. Musgrave<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muskingum (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: J. Glenn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wright State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Barratt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OKLAHOMA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Oklahoma (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: F. Haise, S. Lucid<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased: O. Garriott<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oklahoma Baptist (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: W. Pogue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oklahoma City (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: G. Cooper<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oklahoma State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: W. Pogue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OREGON<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Oregon State (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: D. Pettit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: W. Oefelein<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PENNSYLVANIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Drexel University (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Bagian, C. Ferguson, P. Richards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Pennsylvania (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: G. Reisman, M. Gernhardt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indiana University of Pennsylvania (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: P. Robertson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carnegie-Mellon (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: E. Mitchell, J. Resnik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Pennsylvania State University (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: G. Bluford<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: P. Weitz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lehigh (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Hart<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pennsylvania Medical College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: P. Robertson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thomas Jefferson (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Bagian<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Villanova (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: A. Allen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RHODE ISLAND<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Naval War College (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Williams<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: J. Hathaway, J, Wittner<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brown University (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: J. Meir<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: B. Lichtenberg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SOUTH CAROLINA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The Citadel (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: R. Bresnik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TENNESSEE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Tennessee-Knoxville (7)  \n<ul>\n<li><em>Active:<\/em> B. Wilmore, R. Bresnik <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former:<\/em> J. Ashby, J. Edwards, D. Gorie, S. Kelly, M. Seddon <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased:<\/em> H. Hartsfield <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tennessee Technical University (1)  \n<ul>\n<li><em>Active: <\/em>B. Wilmore  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vanderbilt (1)  \n<ul>\n<li><em>Former: <\/em>M. Gernhardt  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tennessee Space Institute (1)  \n<ul>\n<li><em>Former: <\/em>W. Oefelein  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TEXAS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University Of Houston (7)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: N. Currie, B. Dunbar, B. Harris, D. Holmquest, S. Musgrave, J.D. Olivas, R.<br>Walheim<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Texas (13)\n<ul>\n<li>Active: S. Wilson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: S. Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Baker, K. Cockrell, R. Crippen, G.H. Johnson, P. Lockhart, C. Meade, K.<br>Nyberg, N. Thagard, N. Woodward<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: A. Bean, K. Chawla<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Texas-Health Science Center\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: S. Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rice University (8)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: S. Walker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Hoffman, T. Jernigan, J. Newman, D. Olivas, P. Whitson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: J. Bull<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: N. Ayers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Houston-Clear Lake (7)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Fincke<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: G. Bluford, G. Chamitoff, M. Fossum, G. Harbaugh, R. Mastracchio<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: B. McCandless<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Texas Tech (4)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: B. Harris, P. Lockhart<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: C. Bassett, R. Husband<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Texas A&M (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Fossum, S. Swanson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Texas-Arlington (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: R. Stewart<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Texas-Medical Branch (3)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: K. Lindgren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: T. Marshburn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Candidate<\/em>: A. Menon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baylor University (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Holmquest<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Texas-Dallas (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Reilly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Texas-El Paso (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Olivas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Univ. of Texas-Public Health (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: E. Baker<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>UTAH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Utah (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Lind<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utah State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Cleave<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>VERMONT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Vermont (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Graveline<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>VIRGINIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Virginia (6)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: P. Forrester<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: L. Melvin, K. Thornton, J. Wisoff, T. Marshburn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: K. Henize<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>East Virginia Medical (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Brown<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Old Dominion (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: M. Bloomfield<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: C. Camarda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>William & Mary (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Brown<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Richmond (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: L. Melvin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Washington & Lee (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: D. Low<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>WASHINGTON<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Washington (12)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Active<\/em>: M. Barratt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Management<\/em>: Y. Cagle, S. Love<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Antonelli, B. Dunbar, J. Dutton, J. Fabian, G.C. Johnson, J. Kavandi, G.<br>Nelson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: M. Anderson, R. Gordon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Washington State (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: J. Fabian<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whitman College (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Metcalf-Lindenburger<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>WISCONSIN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>University of Wisconsin-Madison (2)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: B. Shaw<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Deceased<\/em>: L. Clark<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University of Wisconsin-River Falls (1)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Former<\/em>: D. Brandenstein<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"astronauts-from-other-countries\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.0 NASA ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/eleven-expedition-68-crew-members\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"694\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The eleven Expedition 68 crew members\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 51% 53%; object-position: 51% 53%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss068e016856.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The eleven Expedition 68 crew members aboard the International Space Station pose for a portrait.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>ARGENTINA:<\/strong> F. Caldeiro<br><strong>AUSTRALIA:<\/strong> P. Chapman, P. Scully-Power, A. Thomas<br><strong>BRAZIL:<\/strong> M. Pontes<br><strong>CANADA:<\/strong> G. Chamitoff, C. Hadfield, J. Hansen, J. Payette, D. Saint-Jacques, R. Thirsk, D. R. Williams<br><strong>CHINA:<\/strong> W. Anders, S. Lucid, T. Wang<br><strong>COSTA RICA:<\/strong> F. Chang-Diaz<br><strong>DENMARK:<\/strong> A. Mogensen<br><strong>ENGLAND:<\/strong> M. Foale, G.H. Johnson, N. Patrick, T. Peake, P. Sellers<br><strong>FRANCE:<\/strong> L. Eyharts, T. Pesquet<br><strong>GERMANY:<\/strong> A. Gerst, H. Schlegel, S. Thorne, J. Moghbeli<br><strong>INDIA:<\/strong> K. Chawla<br><strong>ITALY:<\/strong> M. Collins, P.<br><strong>NETHERLANDS:<\/strong> L. Van Den Berg<br><strong>PACIFIC ISLANDS:<\/strong> J. Newman<br><strong>PERU:<\/strong> C. Noriega<br><strong>SPAIN:<\/strong> M. Lopez-Alegria<br><strong>SWITZERLAND:<\/strong> C. Nicollier<br><strong>SWEDEN:<\/strong> C. Fuglesang<br><strong>TAIWAN:<\/strong> K. Lindgren<br><strong>TURKEY:<\/strong> D. Burnham<br><strong>VIETNAM:<\/strong> E. Trinh<br><strong>WALES:<\/strong> J. Llewellyn<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"scouting-records\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.0 ASTRONAUTS’ SCOUTING RECORDS<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/greg-box-johnson-receives-distinguished-eagle-scout-award-boy-scouts-of-america-national-jamboree\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"705\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Greg "Box" Johnson Receives Distinguished Eagle Scout Award at Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 53%; object-position: 51% 53%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg?resize=300,203 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg?resize=768,520 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg?resize=1024,693 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg?resize=400,271 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg?resize=600,406 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/35365895674_82e70a5ffc_o.jpg?resize=900,610 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Greg \u201cBox\u201d Johnson, executive director of Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) and former astronaut, third from left, receives an Distinguished Eagle Scout Award during the Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree, Tuesday, July 25, 2017 at the Summit Bechtel Reserve in Glen Jean, West Virginia.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>EAGLE:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Astronaut Candidate:<\/em> J. Hathaway, C. Williams <em>Active:<\/em> R. Chari, K. Lindgren, D. Pettit<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Management:<\/em> P. Forrester, K. Bowersox<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Former:<\/em> J. Adamson, J. Bagian, G. Bluford, K. Bowersox, C. Brady, G. Chamitoff, R. Covey, J. Creighton, C. Duke, M. Fossum, W. Gregory, J. Hoffman, G.H. Johnson, T. Jones, M. Lee, D. Lind, S. Lindsey, J. Lovell, M. McCulley, B. O\u2019Leary, S. Oswald, S. Parazynski, K. Reightler, J. Tanner, R. Truly<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Deceased:<\/em> N. Armstrong, G. Carr, M. Carter, R. Chaffee, D. Eisele, G.H. Fullerton, S.D. Griggs, J. Llewellyn (King’s Scout, U.K.), W. McCool, E. Onizuka, R. Searfoss, E. See, D. Walker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GIRL SCOUT:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Active:<\/em> K. Barron, C. Koch, N. Mann, M. McArthur, J. Meir, L. O\u2019Hara, K. Rubins, J. Watkins, S. Williams<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Management:<\/em> S. Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor, Y. Cagle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Former:<\/em> E. Collins, N. Currie-Gregg, J. Davis, A. Fisher, S. Helms, J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, T. Jernigan, S. Kilrain (Still), W. Lawrence, S. Magnus, D. Metcalf-Lindenburger, B. Morgan, L. Nowak, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, M.R. Seddon, K. Sullivan, K. Thornton, M. Weber<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Deceased:<\/em> L. Clark, J.E. Voss<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"military-astronauts\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"air-force\">8.1 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1363\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Members from the Air Force, Joby Aviation, and NASA cut a ribbon on Sept. 25 at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California after opening a maintenance shelter for Joby's electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.1); transform-origin: 51% 53%; object-position: 51% 53%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg 6048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=1024,681 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=2048,1363 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=900,599 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=1200,798 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/230925-f-dg623-1169-large.jpg?resize=2000,1331 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Members from the Air Force, Joby Aviation, and NASA cut a ribbon on Sept. 25 at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California after opening a maintenance shelter for Joby’s electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Under an interagency agreement with AFWERX, NASA pilots and researchers will test the Joby aircraft starting in 2024.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Air Force photo by Richard Gonzales<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Branch<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akers, Thomas D.<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Lt. Colonel (Ret.)<\/td><td>USAF<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aldrin, Edwin  (Buzz)<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Colonel (Ret.)<\/td><td>USAF<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"army\">8.2 UNITED STATES ARMY<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/nasa-astronauts-chris-cassidy-andrew-morgan\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"694\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Andrew Morgan\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 48% 27%; object-position: 48% 27%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss062e147776.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Andrew Morgan take a break and pose for a portrait inside the Quest airlock.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Branch<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adamson, James C.<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Colonel (Ret.)<\/td><td>USA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"coast-guard\">8.3 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Orion capsule floats in sea with crew in orange flight suits in raft nearby\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 53%; object-position: 51% 53%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg 4654w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/35084833674_e2e44cc938_o.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">PHOTO DATE: 07-13-17\nLOCATION: U.S. Coast Guard – Galveston Marine Base\nSUBJECT:  ICEE-HOT, is being conducted by the Orion and Ground Systems Development and Operations programs along with the U.S. Department of Defense, to evaluate procedures being developed to get astronauts out of the Orion crew module upon returning to Earth. Astronauts involved in the testing include: Dan Burbank, Victor Glover, Mike Fincke and Stan Love.\nPHOTOGRAPHER:JOSH VALCARCEL<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Branch<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Burbank, Daniel C. (Dan)<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Captain (Ret.)<\/td><td>USCG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Melnick, Bruce E.<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Commander (Ret.)<\/td><td>USCG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Douglas, Andre <\/td><td>Candidate<\/td><td><\/td><td>USCG<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"marine-corps\">8.4 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1363\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 53%; object-position: 51% 53%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg 4928w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=2048,1363 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=900,599 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=1200,799 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss053e468200.jpg?resize=2000,1331 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">(28 October 2017) Expedition 53 Flight Engineer (FE) Joseph Acaba and Commander Randy Bresnik with United States Marine Corps (USMC) shirts on and USMC flag behind them. (Credit: NASA)<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Branch<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"navy\">8.5 UNITED STATES NAVY<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=1024&h=667&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=1024&h=667&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 14%; object-position: 52% 14%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=1024&h=667&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=300&h=195&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=768&h=500&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=400&h=261&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=600&h=391&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/jsc2022e044128\/jsc2022e044128~orig.jpg?w=900&h=586&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Recovery team members work to guide a test version of Orion into the USS Anchorage’s well deck on Sept. 15, 2014. NASA and the Navy are working together this week to test tools and techniques that will be used to recover the spacecraft once it splashes down following Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Branch<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"space-force\">8.6 UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE<\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1365\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?w=1365\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The United States Space Force Training Leadership Team stops for a photo in front of test stand at NASA Stennis\" style=\"transform: scale(1.1); transform-origin: 87% 89%; object-position: 87% 89%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-space-force-training-leadership-team-visit-nasa-stennis.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1365px) 100vw, 1365px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The United States Space Force Training Leadership Team visited NASA Stennis Sept. 20 for a tour of various facilities. The group received an overview of work conducted at NASA Stennis, including stops at the Autonomous Systems Laboratory and B Test Stand, along with visits to Aerojet Rocketdyne, an L3 Harris Technologies Company, and Lockheed Martin. A day earlier, NASA Stennis senior management attended the activation ceremony for the first United States Space Force unit in the state of Mississippi at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA \/ Stennis<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>STATUS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rank<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Branch<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hague, Tyler N.<\/td><td>Active<\/td><td>Colonel<\/td><td>USSF<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hopkins, Michael S<\/td><td>Former<\/td><td>Colonel<\/td><td>USSF<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.0 <strong>U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"space-flight-log\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pre-shuttle\">9.1 <strong>PRE-SHUTTLE SPACE FLIGHT<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1507&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1507\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1507&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 0%; object-position: 52% 0%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1507&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=300&h=235&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=768&h=603&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=1024&h=804&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1206&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=400&h=314&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=600&h=471&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=900&h=706&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s66-54454\/s66-54454~large.jpg?w=1200&h=942&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">S66-54454 (13 Sept. 1966) — Astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., pilot for the Gemini-11 spaceflight, returns to the hatch of the spacecraft following extravehicular activity (EVA). This picture was taken over the Atlantic Ocean at approximately 160 nautical miles above Earth’s surface.  Photo credit: NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p id=\"mercury-flight-log\"><strong>MERCURY-REDSTONE<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mercury 3 Shepard, Alan B. May 5, 1961 15 min \u2013 28 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mercury 4 Grissom, Virgil I. July 21, 1961 15 min \u2013 37 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mercury 6 Glenn, John H. Feb. 20, 1962 4 hr \u2013 55 min \u2013 23 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mercury 7 Carpenter, Scott M. May 24, 1962 4 hr \u2013 56 min \u2013 05 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mercury 8 Schirra, Walter M. Oct. 3, 1962 9 hr \u2013 13 min \u2013 11 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mercury 9 Cooper, L. Gordon May 5-15, 1963 34 hr \u2013 19 min \u2013 49 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"gemini-flight-log\"><strong>GEMINI-TITAN<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini III Grissom, Virgil I. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Young, John W. March 23, 1965 4 hr \u2013 52 min \u2013 31 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini IV McDivitt, James A.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>White, Edward H. June 3-7, 1965 97 hr \u2013 56 min \u2013 12 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini V Cooper, L. Gordon <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conrad, Charles Aug. 21-29, 1965 190 hr \u2013 55 min \u2013 14 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini VII Borman, Frank <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lovell, James A. Dec. 4-18, 1965 330 hr \u2013 35 min \u2013 01 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini VI-A Schirra, Walter M. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stafford, Thomas P. Dec. 15-16, 1965 25 hr \u2013 51 min \u2013 24 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini VIII Armstrong, Neil A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scott, David R. March 16, 1966 10 hr \u2013 41 min \u2013 26 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini IX-A Stafford, Thomas P. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cernan, Eugene A. June 3-6, 1966 72 hr \u2013 20 min \u2013 50 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini X Young, John W. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Collins, Michael July 18-21, 1966 70 hr \u2013 46 min \u2013 39 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini XI Conrad, Charles <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gordon, Richard F. Sept. 12-15, 1966 71 hr \u2013 17 min \u2013 08 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini XII Lovell, James A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin, Buzz Nov. 11-15, 1966 94 hr \u2013 34 min \u2013 31 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"apollo-flight-log\"><strong>APOLLO-SATURN<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 7 Schirra, Walter M. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eisele, Donn F. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cunningham Walter Oct. 11-22, 1968 260 hr \u2013 09 min \u2013 03 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 8 Borman, Frank <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lovell, James A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anders, William A. Dec. 21-27, 1968 147 hr \u2013 00 min \u2013 42 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 9 McDivitt, James A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scott, David R. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schweickart, Russell L. March 3-13, 1969 241 hr \u2013 00 min \u2013 54 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 10 Stafford, Thomas P. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Young, John W.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cernan, Eugene A. May 18-26, 1969 192 hr \u2013 23 min \u2013 23 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 11 Armstrong, Neil A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Collins, Michael  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin, Buzz July 16-24, 1969 195 hr \u2013 18 min \u2013 35 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 12 Conrad, Charles <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gordon, Richard F. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bean, Alan L. Nov. 14-24, 1969 244 hr \u2013 36 min \u2013 24 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 13 Lovell, James A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Swigert, John L. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Haise, Fred W. April 11-17, 1970 142 hr \u2013 54 min \u2013 41 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 14 Shepard, Alan B. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roosa, Stuart A. Jan. 31 \u2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mitchell, Edgar D. Feb.9, 1971 216 hr \u2013 01 min \u2013 58 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 15 Scott, David R. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Worden, Alfred M. July 26 \u2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Irwin, James B. Aug. 7, 1971 305 hr \u2013 11 min \u2013 53 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 16 Young, John W. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mattingly, Thomas K. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duke, Charles M. April 16-27, 1972 265 hr \u2013 51 min \u2013 05 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apollo 17 Cernan, Eugene A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evans, Ronald E.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schmitt, Harrison H. Dec. 7-19, 1972 301 hr \u2013 51 min \u2013 59 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"skylab-flight-log\"><strong>SKYLAB<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skylab SL-2 Conrad, Charles <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kerwin, Joseph P. May 25 \u2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weitz, Paul J. June 22, 1973 672 hr \u2013 49 min \u2013 49 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skylab SL-3 Bean, Alan L. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garriott, Owen K. July 28 \u2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lousma, Jack R. Sept. 25, 1973 1427 hr \u2013 09 min \u2013 04 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skylab SL-4 Carr, Gerald P. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gibson, Edward G. Nov. 16, 1973 \u2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pogue, William R. Feb. 8, 1974 2017 hr \u2013 16 min \u2013 00 sec <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"astp-flight-log\"><strong>APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP)<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stafford, Thomas P. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brand, Vance D. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slayton, Donald K. July 15-24, 1975 223 hours \u2013 28 min \u2013 sec <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shuttle-missions\">9.2 <strong><strong>SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM MISSIONS<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2040\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?w=2040\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Liftoff of space shuttle Discovery on the STS-95 mission, returning Glenn to orbit\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 46% 38%; object-position: 46% 38%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg 4080w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=768,771 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=1020,1024 1020w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=1530,1536 1530w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=2040,2048 2040w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=398,400 398w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=598,600 598w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=896,900 896w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=1195,1200 1195w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-95-5-launch-sts095-s-018.jpg?resize=1992,2000 1992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2040px) 100vw, 2040px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Liftoff of space shuttle Discovery on the STS-95 mission, returning Glenn to orbit<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Flight Vehicle<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Crew – <br>Designation (STS seat)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Duration<br>Days, Hour., Minutes<br>Orbits<br>Miles, sm<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Date<br>Launch<br>Landing<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Time<br>Launch<br>Landing<br>(Main gear)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-1<\/strong><br>Columbia<\/td><td>Young, John W. – CDR<br><br>Crippen, Robert L. – PLT <\/td><td>02 days, 06 hours, 20 minutes<br><br>36 orbits<br><br>933,757 miles, sm<\/td><td>Apr-12-81<br><br>Apr-14-81<br><br>EAFB <\/td><td>06:00 a.m. CST<br><br>12:20 p.m. CST<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-2<\/strong><br>Columbia<\/td><td>Engle, Joe H. – CDR<br><br>Truly, Richard H. \u2013 PLT<\/td><td>02 days, 06 hours, 13 minutes<br><br>36 orbits<br><br>933,757 miles, sm<\/td><td>Nov-12-81<br><br>Nov-14-81<br><br>EAFB<\/td><td>09:10 a.m. CST<br><br>03:23 p.m. CST<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-3<\/strong><br>Columbia<\/td><td>Lousma, Jack R. \u2013 CDR<br><br>Fullerton, Gordon \u2013 PLT<\/td><td>08 days, 00 hours, 04 minutes<br><br>129 orbits<br><br>3,900,000 miles, sm <\/td><td>Mar-22-82<br><br>Mar-30-82<br><br> White Sands <\/td><td>10:00 a.m. CST<br><br>10:04 a.m. CST<br><br>Space Harbor, NM <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-4<\/strong><br>Columbia<\/td><td>Mattingly, Thomas \u2013 CDR <br><br>Hartsfield, Henry W. \u2013 PLT <\/td><td>07 days, 01 hours, 11 minutes<br><br>112 orbits<br><br>2,900,000 miles, sm  <\/td><td>Jun-27-82 <br><br>Jul-04-82 <br><br>EAFB <\/td><td>09:59 a.m. CDT <br><br>11:11 a.m. CDT <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-5<\/strong><br>Columbia<\/td><td>Brand, Vance D. – CDR <br><br>Overmyer, Robert F. – PLT <br><br>Allen, Joseph P. – MS <br><br>Lenoir, William B. – MS <\/td><td>5 days, 02 hours, 14 minutes <br><br>81 orbits<br><br>1,850,000 miles, sm  <\/td><td>Nov-11-82 <br><br>Nov-16-82 <br><br>EAFB <\/td><td>06:19 a.m. CST <br><br>08:33 a.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-6<\/strong><br>Challenger<\/td><td>Weitz, Paul J. – CDR<br> <br>Bobko, Karol J. – PLT <br><br>Peterson, Donald H. – MS <br><br>Musgrave, F. Story – MS <\/td><td>5 days, 00 hours, 23 minutes  <br><br>80 orbits<br><br>1,820,000 miles, sm  <\/td><td>Apr-04-83 <br><br>Apr-09-83 <br><br>EAFB <\/td><td>01:30 p.m. CST <br><br>01:53 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-7<\/strong><br>Challenger<\/td><td>Crippen, Robert L. – CDR <br><br>Hauck, Frederick H. – PLT <br><br>Ride, Sally K. – MS <br><br>Fabian, John M. – MS <br><br>Thagard, Norman E. – MS <\/td><td>06 days, 02 hours, 23 minutes <br><br>98 orbits<br><br>2,220,000 miles, sm  <\/td><td>Jun-18-83 <br><br>Jun-24-83 <br><br>EAFB <\/td><td>06:33 a.m. CDT <br><br>08:56 a.m. CDT <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>STS-8<\/strong><br>Challenger<\/td><td>Truly, Richard H. – CDR <br><br>Brandenstein, Daniel C. – PLT <br><br>Gardner, Dale A. – MS <br><br>Bluford, Guion S. – MS <br><br>Thornton, William E. – MS <br><br>Parker, Robert A. – MS <br><br>Lichtenberg, Byron K.- PS <br><br>Merbold, Ulf – PS (Germany) <\/td><td>6 days, 01 hours, 08 minutes <br><br>98 orbits<br><br>2,220,000 miles, sm  <\/td><td>Aug-30-83 <br><br>Sep-05-83 <br><br>EAFB <\/td><td>01:32 a.m. CDT <br><br>02:40 a.m. CDT <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"commercial-crew\">9.3 <strong><strong><strong>COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM MISSIONS <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"985\" height=\"594\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg?w=985\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"NASA's SpaceX Crew-6 are seen inside the SpaceX Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX recovery ship.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 53%; object-position: 51% 53%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg 985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg?resize=300,181 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg?resize=768,463 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg?resize=400,241 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg?resize=600,362 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhq202309040005.jpg?resize=900,543 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev, left, NASA astronaut Warren \u201cWoody” Hoburg, second from left, NASA astronaut Stephen Bowen, second from right, and UAE (United Arab Emirates) astronaut Sultan Alneyadi, right, are seen inside the SpaceX Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX recovery ship MEGAN shortly after having landed in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Monday, Sept. 4, 2023. Bowen, Hoburg, Alneyadi, and Fedyaev are returning after nearly six-months in space as part of Expedition 69 aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA\/Joel Kowsky)<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Flight Vehicle<\/strong> <\/td><td><strong>Crew – <br>Designation (STS seat)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Duration<\/strong><br><strong>Days\/Hrs\/Min<\/strong><br><strong>Orbits<\/strong><br><strong>Miles, sm<\/strong> <\/td><td><strong>Date                        Launch, Location                  Landing, Location<\/strong> <\/td><td><strong>Time                                   Launch                        Landing<\/strong> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>DM-2<\/strong><br>Endeavor<\/td><td>Hurley, Douglas G. – CDR<br><br>Behnken, Robert L. \u2013 JOC <\/td><td>63 days<br><br>1,024 orbits<br><br>27.1 million sm <\/td><td>30 May 2020, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>02:22 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Crew-1<\/strong> <\/td><td>Hopkins, Michael S. – CDR  <\/td><td>167 days <\/td><td>16 Nov 2020, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>08:27 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Resilience <\/td><td>Glover, Victor J. – PLT <\/td><td>2,688 orbits <\/td><td>02 May 2021, GOM <\/td><td>01:56 a.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Walker, Shannon \u2013 MS <\/td><td>71.1 million sm <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Noguchi, Soichi \u2013 MS (Japan) <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Crew-2<\/strong> <\/td><td>Kimbrough, R. Shane – CDR <\/td><td>198 days <\/td><td>23 April 2021, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>04:49 a.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Endeavor <\/td><td>McArthur, K. Megan – PLT <\/td><td>3,194 orbits <\/td><td>9 November 2021, GOM <\/td><td>9:33 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Pesquet, Thomas \u2013 MS (ESA) <\/td><td>84,653,119 sm <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Hoshide, Aki \u2013 MS (Japan) <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Crew-3<\/strong> <\/td><td>Chari, Raja – CDR <\/td><td>177 days <\/td><td>10 November 2021, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>8:03 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Endurance <\/td><td>Marshburn, Thomas \u2013 PLT <\/td><td>2,832 orbits <\/td><td>6 May 2022, GOM <\/td><td>11:43 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Barron, Kayla \u2013 MS  <\/td><td>75,060,792 sm <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Maurer, Matthias \u2013 MS (ESA) <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Crew-4<\/strong> <\/td><td>Lindgren, Kjell – CDR <\/td><td>170 days <\/td><td>27 April 2022, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>2:52 a.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freedom <\/td><td>Hines, Robert \u2013 PLT <\/td><td>2,720 orbits <\/td><td>14 Oct. 2022, GOM <\/td><td>3:55 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Watkins, Jessica \u2013 MS  <\/td><td>72,168,935 sm <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Cristoforetti, Samantha \u2013 MS (ESA) <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Crew-5<\/strong> <\/td><td>Mann, Nicole – CDR <\/td><td>157 days <\/td><td>5 Oct. 2022, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>11 a.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Endurance <\/td><td>Cassada, Josh \u2013 PLT <\/td><td>2,512 orbits <\/td><td>11 March 2023, GOM <\/td><td>8:07 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Wakata, Koichi \u2013 MS (JAXA) <\/td><td>66,577,531 sm <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Kikina, Anna \u2013 MS (ROSCOSMOS) <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Crew-6<\/strong> <\/td><td>Bowen, Stephen – CDR <\/td><td>186 days <\/td><td>2 March 2023, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>11:34 p.m.  CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Endeavour <\/td><td>Hoburg, Warren \u2013 PLT <\/td><td> 2, 976 orbits <\/td><td>3 Sept. 2023, GOM <\/td><td>11:17 p.m. CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Alneyadi, Sultan \u2013 MS (UAE) <\/td><td>78,875,292 sm <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Fedyaev, Andrey  \u2013 MS (ROSCOSMOS) <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Crew-7<\/strong> <\/td><td>Moghbeli, Jasmin – CDR <\/td><td> <\/td><td>26 Aug. 2023, KSC 39-A <\/td><td>2:37 a.m.  CST <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Endurance <\/td><td>Mogensen, Andreas (ESA) \u2013 PLT <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Furukawa, Satoshi (JAXA) \u2013 MS  <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td> <\/td><td>Borisov, Konstantin  \u2013 MS (ROSCOSMOS) <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iss-missions\">9.4 <strong><strong><strong><strong>INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXPEDITIONS<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking. NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel and Ricky Arnold and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev executed a fly around of the orbiting laboratory to take pictures of the station before returning home after spending 197 days in space. The station will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first element Zarya in November 2018. Credit: NASA\/Roscosmos\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 32%; object-position: 51% 32%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/iss056e201248\/iss056e201248~large.jpg?w=1200&h=800&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking. NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel and Ricky Arnold and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev executed a fly around of the orbiting laboratory to take pictures of the station before returning home after spending 197 days in space. The station will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first element Zarya in November 2018. Credit: NASA\/Roscosmos<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Roscosmos<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition01\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 1<\/strong><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William Shepherd \u2013 Yuri Gidzenko \u2013 Sergei Krikalev <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2000  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2001 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>141 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition02\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 2<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yury Usachev \u2013 Jim Voss \u2013 Susan Helms <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2001 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: August 2001 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>167 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition03\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 3<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frank Culbertson \u2013 Vladimir Dezhurov \u2013 Mikhail Tyurin <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: August 2001 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: December 2001  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>129 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition04\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 4<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yury Onufrienko \u2013 Carl Walz \u2013 Daniel Bursch <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2001 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: June 2002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>196 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition05\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 5<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Valery Korzum \u2013 Sergei Treschev \u2013 Peggy Whitson <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: June 2002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: December 2002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>185 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition06\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 6<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ken Bowersox \u2013 Nikolai Budarin \u2013 Donald Pettit <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 2002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: May 2003 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>161 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition07\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 7<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong>Up with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition08\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 8<\/strong><\/a><strong>\/Down with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition07\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 7<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yuri Malenchenko \u2013 Ed Lu   Pedro Duque <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2003 Launch & Land: October 2003 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2003 10 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>185 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition08\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 8<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong>   <\/strong> <strong>Up with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition09\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 9<\/strong><\/a><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>Down with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition08\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 8<\/strong><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mike Foale \u2013 Alexander Kaleri Andre Kuipers  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2003 Launch & Land: April 2004 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2004 11 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>195 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition09\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 9<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong>Up with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition10\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 10<\/strong><\/a><strong>\/Down with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition09\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 9<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gennady Padalka \u2013 Michael Fincke Yuri Shargin <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2004 Launch & Land: October 2004 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2004 10 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>188 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition10\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 10<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong>Up with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition11\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 11<\/strong><\/a><strong>\/Down with <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition10\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition<\/strong> <strong>10<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leroy Chiao \u2013 Salizhan Sharipov Roberto Vittori <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2004 Launch & Land: April 2005  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2005 10 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>193 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition11\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 11<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sergei Krikalev \u2013 John Phillips  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2005 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2005 (with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/greg-olsen-soyuz-spaceflight-participant\/#.YS_EVvpKhhE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Greg Olson<\/a>) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>179 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition12\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 12<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William McArthur \u2013 Valery Tokarev <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2005 (with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/greg-olsen-soyuz-spaceflight-participant\/#.YS_EVvpKhhE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Greg Olson<\/a>) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>190 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition13\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 13<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition13\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 13<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition14\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 14<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavel Vinogradov \u2013 Jeffrey Williams Thomas Reiter <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2006 Launch: July 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2006 Land: December 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>183 days 171 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition14\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 14<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition14\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 14 <\/strong><\/a><strong>& <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition15\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 15<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mike Lopez-Alegria \u2013 Mikhail Tyurin Sunita Williams <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 2006 Launch: December 2006 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2007 Land: June 2007 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>215 days 194 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition15\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 15<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition15\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 15<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition16\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 16<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fyodor Yurchikhin \u2013 Oleg Kotov Clay Anderson <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2007 Launch: June 2007 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2007 Land: November 2007 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>196 days   152 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition16\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 16<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition16\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 16 <\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peggy Whitson \u2013 Yuri Malenchenko Dan Tani <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2007 Launch: October 2007 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2008 Land: February 2008 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>192 days    120 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition16\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 16 <\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition16\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 16 <\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition17\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 17<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leopold Eyharts Garrett Reisman <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: February 2008 Launch: March 2008 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2008 Land: June 2008 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>48 days 95 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition17\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 17<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition17\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 17<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong><strong>& <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition18\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 18<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sergey Volkov \u2013 Oleg Kononenko Gregory Chamitoff <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2008 Launch: May 2008 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2008 Land: November 2008 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>199 days 183 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition18\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 18<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition18\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 18<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition19\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 19<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Fincke \u2013 Yuri Lonchakov Koichi Wakata <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2008 Launch: March 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2009 Land: July 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>178 days 137 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition18\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 18<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sandy Magnus <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 2008 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>134 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition19\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 19<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition20\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 20<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gennady Padalka \u2013 Michael Barratt  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2009  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>199 days  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition20\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 20<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition21\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 21<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roman Romanenko \u2013 Frank DeWinne \u2013 Robert Thirsk <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: May 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: December 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>187 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition20\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 20<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tim Kopra <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: July 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>58 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition21\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 21<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition22\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 22<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeffrey Williams \u2013 Maxim Suraev <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2010  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>169 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition21\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 21<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicole Stott <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: August 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: November 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>91 Days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition22\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 22<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition23\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 23<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Kotov \u2013 Soichi Noguchi \u2013 Timothy Creamer <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2009 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: June 2010 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>163 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition23\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 23<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition24\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 24<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aleksandr Skvortsov \u2013 Mikhail Kornienko \u2013 Tracy C. Dyson <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2010 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2010 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>176 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition24\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 24<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition25\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 25<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Douglas Wheelock \u2013 Fyodor Yurchikhin \u2013 Shannon Walker <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: June 2010 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: November 2010 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>163 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition25\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 25<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition26\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 26<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scott Kelly \u2013 Aleksandr Kaleri \u2013 Oleg Skripochka <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2010 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>159 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition26\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 26<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition27\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 27<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dmitri Kondratyev \u2013 Catherine Coleman \u2013 Paolo Nespoli <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2010 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: May 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>159 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition27\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 27<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition28\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 28<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrey Borisenko \u2013 Aleksandr Samokutyaev \u2013 Ronald Garan <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>164 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition28\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 28<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition29\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 29<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Fossum \u2013 Sergey Volkov \u2013 Satoshi Furukawa <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: June 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: November 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>167 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition29\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 29<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition30\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 30<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daniel Burbank \u2013 Anton Shkaplerov \u2013 Anatoly Ivanishin <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>165 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition30\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 30<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition31\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 31<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Kononenko \u2013 Donald Pettit \u2013 Andre Kuipers <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: July 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>192 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition31\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 31<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition32\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 32<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gennadi Padalka \u2013 Sergei Revin \u2013 Joseph Acaba <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: May 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>123 Days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition32\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 32<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition33\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 33<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sunita Williams \u2013 Yuri Malenchenko \u2013 Aki Hoshide <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: July 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: November 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>127 Days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition33\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 33<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition34\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 34<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kevin Ford \u2013 Oleg Novitsky \u2013 Yevgeni Tarelkin <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>144 Days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition34\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 34<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition35\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 35<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chris Hadfield \u2013 Roman Romanenko \u2013 Tom Marshburn <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2012 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: May 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>146 Days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition35\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 35<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition36\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 36<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavel Vinogradov \u2013 Aleksander Misurkin \u2013 Chris Cassidy <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>166 Days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition36\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 36<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition37\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 37<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fyodor Yurchikhin \u2013 Luca Parmitano \u2013 Karen Nyberg <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: May 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: November 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>166 Days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition37\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 37<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition38\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 38<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Kotov \u2013 Sergey Ryzansky \u2013 Mike Hopkins <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>167 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition38\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 38<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition39\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 39<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koichi Wakata \u2013 Mikhail Tyurin \u2013 Rick Mastracchio <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 2013 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: May 2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>188 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition39\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 39<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition40\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 40<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steve Swanson \u2013 Aleksandr Skvortsov \u2013 Oleg Artemiev <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>169 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition40\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 40<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition41\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 41<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Makin Suraev \u2013 Reid Wiseman \u2013 Alexander Gerst <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: June 2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: November 2014  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>165 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition41\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 41<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition42\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 42<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barry Wilmore \u2013 Alexander Samokutyaev \u2013 Yelena Serova <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>167 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition42\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 42<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition43\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 43 <\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anton Shkaplerov \u2013 Samantha Cristoforetti \u2013 Terry Virts <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: May 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>199 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition43\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 43 <\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition44\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 44<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gennady Padalka <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>168 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition43\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 43<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition44\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 44<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition45\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 45<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition46\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 46<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scott Kelly \u2013 Mikhail Kornienko <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>340 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition44\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 44<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition45\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 45<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Kononenko \u2013 Kjell Lindgren \u2013 Kimiya Yui <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: May 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>141 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition45\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 45<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition46\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 46<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sergey Volkov <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 2016   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>182 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Visiting Crew<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andreas Mogensen \u2013 Aidyn Aimbetov <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: with Volkov, October 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: with Padalka, October 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition46\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 46<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition47\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 47<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yuri Malenchenko \u2013 Tim Kopra \u2013 Timothy Peake <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: June 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>186 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition47\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 47<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition48\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 48<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeff Williams \u2013 Alexey Ovchinin \u2013 Oleg Skripochka <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>172 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition48\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 48<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition49\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 49<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anatoly Ivanishin \u2013 Kate Rubins \u2013 Takuya Onishi <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: July 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2016  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>115 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition49\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 49<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition50\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 50<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shane Kimbrough \u2013 Sergey Ryzhikov \u2013 Andrey Borisenko <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>173 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition50\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 50<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition51\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 51<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Novistsky \u2013 Thomas Pesquet  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: June 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>196 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition50\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 50<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition51\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 51<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition52\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 52<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peggy Whitson <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 2016 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>288 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition51\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 51<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition52\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 52<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jack Fischer \u2013 Fyodor Yurchikhin  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: September 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>136 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition52\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 52<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition53\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 53<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sergey Ryazanskiy \u2013 Randy Bresnik \u2013 Paolo Nespoli <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: July 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: December 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>139 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition53\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 53<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition54\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 54<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alexander Misurkin \u2013 Joseph Acaba \u2013 Mark Vande Hei <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: February 2018 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>168 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition54\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 54<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition55\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 55<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anton Shkaplerov \u2013 Scott Tingle \u2013 Norshige Kanai <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: June 2018 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>168 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition55\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 55<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition56\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 56<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Aremyev \u2013 Drew Feustel \u2013 Ricky Arnold <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2018 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 2018 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>197 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition56\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 56<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition57\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>57<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alexander Gerst \u2013 Serena Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor \u2013 Sergey Prokopyev <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: June 2018 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: December 2018 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>197 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition58\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 58<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition59\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 59<\/strong><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Kononenko \u2013 Anne McClain \u2013 David St. Jacques <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: December 2018 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: June 2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>204 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition59\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 59<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition60\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 60<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aleksey Ovchinin \u2013 Nick Hague \u2013 Christina H. Koch <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 14, 2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 3, 2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>204 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition60\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 60<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition61\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 61<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrew Morgan \u2013 Luca Parmitano \u2013 Aleksandr Skvortsov  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: July 20, 2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: February 6, 2020 (Christina H. Koch landed with Expedition 60-61) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>202 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition61\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 61<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition62\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 62<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrew Morgan \u2013 Jessica Meir \u2013 Oleg Skripochka  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September. 25, 2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 17, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>206 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition62\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 62<\/strong><\/a><strong> & <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition63\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 63<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Christopher Cassidy \u2013 Anatoli Ivanishin \u2013 Ivan Vagner <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 9, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 21, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>196 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition63\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 63<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doug Hurley \u2013 Bob Behnken <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: May 30, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: August 2, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>65 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition63\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 63<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition65\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>& 64 <\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sergey Ryzhikov \u2013 Sergey Kud-Sverchkov \u2013 Kathleen Rubins <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 14, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: April 17, 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>181 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition64\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 64<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition65\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>& 65<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Hopkins \u2013 Victor Glover \u2013 Soichi Noguchi \u2013 Shannon Walker <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 16, 2020 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: May 2, 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>168 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Novitsky <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 17, 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: October 17, 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition64\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 64<\/strong><\/a><strong>, 65, & 66<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pyotr Dubrov \u2013 Mark Vande Hei, Oleg Novitskiy <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 17, 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: March 30, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>355 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition65\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 65<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Akihiko Hoshide \u2013 Shane Kimbrough \u2013 Megan McArthur \u2013 Thomas Pesquet <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 23, 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: November 9, 2021  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>199 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition66\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 66<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Raja Chari – Thomas Mashburn – Matthias Maurer – Kayla Barron <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: November 11, 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Land: May 6, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>177 days  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Expedition 66 & 67<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleg Artemyev \u2013 Denis Matveev \u2013 Sergey Korasov <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 18, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landing: September 29, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>195 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/expeditions\/expedition67\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Expedition 67<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kjell Lindgren \u2013 Robert Hines \u2013 Jessica Watkins \u2013 Samantha Cristoforetti  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: April 27, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landing: October 14, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>170 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Expedition 67, 68 & 69<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frank Rubio \u2013 Dmitri Petelin \u2013 Sergey Prokopyev  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 21, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landing: September 27, 2023 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>371 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Expedition 68<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicole Mann \u2013 Josh Cassada \u2013 Kiochi Wakata \u2013 Anna Kikina <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: October 5, 2022 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landing: March 11, 2023 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>157 days  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Expedition 69<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stephen Bowen \u2013 Warren Hoburg \u2013 Sultan Alneyadi \u2013 Andrey Fedyaev  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: March 2, 2023 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Landing: September 4, 2023 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>186 days <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Expedition 70<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jasmin Moghbeli \u2013 Andreas Mogensen \u2013 Satoshi Furukawa \u2013 Konstantin Borisov <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 26, 2023 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Expedition 69 & 70<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Loral O\u2019Hara \u2013 Oleg Kononeko \u2013 Nikolai Chub <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launch: September 15, 2023 <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"spacewalk-statistics\">9.5 <strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>SPACEWALK STATISTICS FOR U.S. ASTRONAUTS<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?w=1280\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"NASA astronaut Drew Feustel is pictured tethered to the International Space Station during a spacewalk.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 53%; object-position: 51% 53%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/iss056e011980-drewfeustel-spacewalk.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronaut Drew Feustel is pictured tethered to the International Space Station during a spacewalk on June 14, 2018.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ASTRONAUT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong># OF SPACEWALKS<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>TIME<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Michael E. Lopez-Algeria<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>67 hours \u2013 40 minutes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steve G. Bowen<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>65 hours \u2013 57 minutes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Andrew J. Feustel<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>61 hours \u2013 48 minutes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Robert L. Behnken<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>61 hours \u2013 10 minutes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Peggy A. Whitson<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>60 hours \u2013 21 minutes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1271\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 37% 45%; object-position: 37% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1271&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=300&h=199&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=678&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1017&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=900&h=596&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s115e05753\/s115e05753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Back to Table of Contents<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book#contents\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-sidebar-column hds-column hds-encyclopedic-column hds-encyclopedic-sidebar-column\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The NASA Astronaut Fact Book provides information on the 360 explorers who have been selected as astronauts since NASA’s first class in 1959.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[2800],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[3879],"coauthors":[8587],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Astronaut Fact Book","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""},"articleSection":"Humans in Space","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Darith Yim"}],"creator":["Darith Yim"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Humans in Space","Astronauts"],"dateCreated":"2024-04-09T14:50:00Z","datePublished":"2024-04-09T14:50:00Z","dateModified":"2024-06-04T15:53:00Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Astronaut Fact Book\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/astronaut-fact-book\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2024-04-09T14:50:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Humans in Space\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Humans in Space,Astronauts\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Darith Yim\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":64,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reference\/493713"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reference"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/reference"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/46"}],"version-history":[{"count":152,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reference\/493713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":668023,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reference\/493713\/revisions\/668023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=493713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=493713"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=493713"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=493713"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=493713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}