{"id":164602,"date":"2023-02-15T14:13:37","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T19:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=164602"},"modified":"2024-03-26T10:28:00","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T14:28:00","slug":"oral-histories","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA Oral Histories"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>NASA History<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 hds-secondary-navigation-has-breadcrumbs\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-breadcrumbs display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-flex flex-align-center\"><nav class=\"usa-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol class=\"usa-breadcrumb__list\"><li class=\"usa-breadcrumb__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/\" class=\"usa-breadcrumb__link\"><span>Home<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-breadcrumb__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/\" class=\"usa-breadcrumb__link\"><span>History Publications and...<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-breadcrumb__list-item usa-current\" aria-current=\"page\"><span>NASA Oral Histories<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\"><nav><ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\"><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/explore-nasas-history\/\">Explore NASA’s History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-office\/\">NASA History Office<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Publications and Resources<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/nasa-history-series\/\">NASA History Series<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/news-and-notes\/\">News and Notes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/aeronautics-and-space-report-of-the-president\/\">Aeronautics and Space Report of the President<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item usa-current\"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/\">Oral Histories<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/other-research-resources\/\">Research Resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/archives\/\">NASA Archives<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-spacer\"> <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t<div class=\"padding-0 bg-spacesuit-white wp-block-nasa-blocks-page-intro\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-page-intro hds-page-intro-banner width-full maxw-full padding-0 hds-cover-wrapper minh-tablet\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-top-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"page-heading-md line-height-sm color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA Oral Histories\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cMemory is the core of oral history, from which meaning can be extracted and preserved.\u00a0 Simply put, oral history collects memories and personal commentaries of historical significance through recorded interviews.\u00a0 An oral history interview generally consists of a well-prepared interviewer questioning an interviewee and recording their exchange in audio or video format.\u201d\u00a0            \u2014Donald A. Ritchie, Historian Emeritus of the U.S. Senate\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1594\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Astronaut Scott Carpenter sits in an armchair as he talks on the phone with President Kennedy following his Mercury -Atlas 7 flight\" style=\"transform: scale(1.3); transform-origin: 0% 33%; object-position: 0% 33%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg 4472w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=300,233 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=768,598 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=1024,797 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=1536,1195 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=2048,1594 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=400,311 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=600,467 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=900,700 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=1200,934 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?resize=2000,1556 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Does NASA Collect <br>Oral Histories?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA sees value in oral history because the process provides significant benefits and plays an important role in capturing and preserving the first-hand experiences of individuals, lessons learned, methodologies, and institutional memory.  Looking to the future, but taking time to explore the past, helps to explain what enabled projects and programs to succeed as well as what resulted in failures.  Oral history can clarify the intent of the people who were on the ground making the decisions and doing the work.  Conveyed in their own words, their accounts allow researchers to interpret the events beyond what can be inferred from the official record and documentation.  And when documentation is scarce, oral history interviews can fill the gaps.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The important work of collecting oral histories for NASA ensures that the contributions made by dedicated teams and individuals inspire the next generation who will lead our space exploration programs, enable new scientific discoveries, and power aeronautical research.  Understanding the past through personal stories serves as a reminder of what has happened and what is possible in the future. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The transcripts available on this site are created from audio-recorded oral history interviews. To preserve the integrity of the audio record, the transcripts are presented with limited revisions and thus reflect the candid conversational style of the oral history format. Brackets and ellipses indicate where the text has been annotated or edited for clarity. Any personal opinions expressed in the interviews should not be considered the official views or opinions of NASA, the NASA History Office, NASA historians, or staff members.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"inmemory\" class=\"hds-meet-the bg-carbon-90 maxw-full width-full padding-y-5 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-meet-the\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-x-0 minh-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-6 margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"label line-height-sm color-spacesuit-white\">In Memory of our history-makers<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-6 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-left-0 hds-meet-the-container padding-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-cards hds-meet-the-slider grid-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/george-w-s-abbey\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s94-28291.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"George W.S. Abbey\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 26%; object-position: 50% 26%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s94-28291.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s94-28291.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s94-28291.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s94-28291.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/george-w-s-abbey\/\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">George W.S. Abbey<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1932\u20132024<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/news-release\/nasa-remembers-former-nasa-johnson-director-george-w-s-abbey\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/nasa-insignia-rgb-2023.png?resize=900,900 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/staffordtp-4-23-15.pdf?emrc=944261?emrc=944261\" target=\"_self\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1245\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=1245&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Portrait of Tom Stafford\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 91% 6%; object-position: 91% 6%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=1245&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1245w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=195&h=301&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 195w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=768&h=1184&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=664&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 664w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=996&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 996w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=259&h=399&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 259w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=389&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 389w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=584&h=901&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 584w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s65-56187\/s65-56187~large.jpg?w=778&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 778w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1245px) 100vw, 1245px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/staffordtp-4-23-15.pdf?emrc=944261?emrc=944261\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Thomas P. Stafford<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1930\u20132024<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/gemini-vi\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1536&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=300&h=240&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=768&h=614&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=1024&h=819&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1229&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=400&h=320&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=600&h=480&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=900&h=720&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-55983\/S65-55983~large.jpg?w=1200&h=960&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/apollo-10\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg 985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/apollo_10_patch_s69-31959.jpg?resize=900,900 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/apollo-soyuz-test-project\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg 985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=768,765 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=400,398 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=600,598 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/astp_crew_patch_s75-20361.jpg?resize=900,896 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/trulyrh-6-16-03.pdf?emrc=04b6a4?emrc=04b6a4\" target=\"_self\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/richard-truly.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Richard H. Truly\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 49% 24%; object-position: 49% 24%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/richard-truly.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/richard-truly.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/richard-truly.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/richard-truly.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/trulyrh-6-16-03.pdf?emrc=04b6a4?emrc=04b6a4\" target=\"_self\"  class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Richard H. Truly<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1937-2024<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-2\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to Patch: Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Test Program; SCA Crew\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to Patch: Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Test Program; SCA Crew\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg 639w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sts-2.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-8\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1749\" height=\"1919\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=1749&h=1919&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=1749&h=1919&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1749w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=273&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 273w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=768&h=843&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=933&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 933w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=1400&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=365&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 365w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=547&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 547w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=820&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 820w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S83-30608\/S83-30608~large.jpg?w=1094&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1094w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1749px) 100vw, 1749px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/45-years-ago-space-shuttle-enterprise-makes-its-first-cross-country-trip\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to Space Shuttle Prototype Approach and Landing Tests\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/alt_orbiter_crew_1600_2.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to Space Shuttle Prototype Approach and Landing Tests\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/alt_orbiter_crew_1600_2.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/alt_orbiter_crew_1600_2.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/alt_orbiter_crew_1600_2.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/alt_orbiter_crew_1600_2.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/CleaveML\/cleaveml.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/s85-29954medium.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Portrait of Mary Cleave\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 49% 25%; object-position: 49% 25%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/s85-29954medium.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/s85-29954medium.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/s85-29954medium.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/s85-29954medium.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/CleaveML\/cleaveml.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Mary L. Cleave<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1947\u20132023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-61c\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to STS-61C\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1787\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=1787&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to STS-61C\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=1787&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1787w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=279&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 279w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=768&h=825&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=953&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 953w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=1430&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1430w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=372&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 372w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=558&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 558w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=838&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 838w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S85-36645\/S85-36645~large.jpg?w=1117&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1117w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1787px) 100vw, 1787px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-30\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to STS-30\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1548\" height=\"1919\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=1548&h=1919&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to STS-30\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=1548&h=1919&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1548w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=242&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 242w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=768&h=952&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=826&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 826w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=1239&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1239w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=323&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 323w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=484&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 484w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=726&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 726w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S89-20025\/S89-20025~large.jpg?w=968&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1548px) 100vw, 1548px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/jurczyksg-9-22-21.pdf?emrc=288c25?emrc=288c25\" target=\"_self\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/jurczyk-0.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Portrait of Steve Jurczyk\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 49% 19%; object-position: 49% 19%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/jurczyk-0.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/jurczyk-0.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/jurczyk-0.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/jurczyk-0.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/jurczyksg-9-22-21.pdf?emrc=288c25?emrc=288c25\" target=\"_self\" class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Stephen G. Jurczyk<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1962-2023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/BormanF\/bormanff.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/astronaut-frank-borman.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Portrait of Frank Borman\" style=\"transform: scale(1.3); transform-origin: 67% 31%; object-position: 67% 31%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/astronaut-frank-borman.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/astronaut-frank-borman.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/astronaut-frank-borman.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/astronaut-frank-borman.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/BormanF\/bormanff.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Frank Borman<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1928\u20132023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/gemini-vii\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to Gemini VII\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to Gemini VII\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=150&h=150&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=300&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=768&h=768&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=1024&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=50&h=50&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=100&h=100&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=200&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=400&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=600&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=900&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S65-54129\/S65-54129~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/apollo-8\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg 6187w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/s68-51093.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/MattinglyTK\/mattinglytk.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1539\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=1539&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Portrait of T.K. Mattingly\" style=\"transform: scale(1.8); transform-origin: 56% 19%; object-position: 56% 19%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=1539&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1539w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=240&h=299&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 240w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=768&h=958&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=821&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 821w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=1231&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1231w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=321&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 321w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=481&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 481w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=721&h=899&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 721w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-51295\/S71-51295~large.jpg?w=962&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 962w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1539px) 100vw, 1539px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/MattinglyTK\/mattinglytk.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Thomas K. Mattingly II<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1936\u20132023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/apollo-16\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=150&h=150&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=300&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=768&h=768&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=1024&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=50&h=50&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=100&h=100&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=200&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=400&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=600&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=900&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S71-56246\/S71-56246~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-4\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to STS-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1106\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1106&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to STS-4\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1106&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=300&h=173&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=768&h=442&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=1024&h=590&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=1536&h=885&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=400&h=230&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=600&h=346&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=900&h=518&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-29695\/S82-29695~large.jpg?w=1200&h=691&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-51c\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to STS-51C\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1844\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1844&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to STS-51C\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1844&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=300&h=288&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=768&h=738&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=1024&h=983&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1475&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=400&h=384&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=600&h=576&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=900&h=864&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S84-42223\/S84-42223~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1153&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/BobkoKJ\/bobkokj.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1535\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=1535&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Portrait of Bo Bobko\" style=\"transform: scale(1.6); transform-origin: 46% 24%; object-position: 46% 24%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=1535&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1535w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=240&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 240w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=768&h=961&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=819&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 819w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=1228&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1228w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=320&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 320w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=480&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 480w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=720&h=901&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 720w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S79-36438\/S79-36438~large.jpg?w=959&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 959w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1535px) 100vw, 1535px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/BobkoKJ\/bobkokj.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Karol J. Bobko<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1937\u20132023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-6\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to STS-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1767\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1767&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to STS-6\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1767&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=300&h=276&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=768&h=707&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=1024&h=942&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1414&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=400&h=368&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=600&h=552&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=900&h=828&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S82-39531\/S82-39531~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1104&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-51d\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to STS-51D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1469\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1469&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to STS-51D\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1469&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=300&h=230&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=768&h=588&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=1024&h=783&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1175&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=400&h=306&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=600&h=459&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=900&h=689&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/8553652\/8553652~large.jpg?w=1200&h=918&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-51j\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" aria-label=\"Go to STS-51J\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/134469main-sts-51j-patch-100.jpeg?w=100&h=111&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to STS-51J\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-card padding-right-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/CunninghamRW\/cunninghamrw.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hds-meet-the-image padding-right-3\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1535\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=1535&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Studio portrait of R. Walter Cunningham\" style=\"transform: scale(1.4); transform-origin: 48% 18%; object-position: 48% 18%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=1535&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1535w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=240&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 240w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=768&h=961&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=819&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 819w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=1228&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1228w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=320&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 320w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=480&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 480w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=720&h=901&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 720w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S64-31816\/S64-31816~large.jpg?w=959&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 959w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1535px) 100vw, 1535px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-meet-the-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/CunninghamRW\/cunninghamrw.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"display-block margin-bottom-1\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading-18 color-spacesuit-white link-underline-dashed-light border-carbon-30 margin-0 display-inline-block\">Walter Cunningham<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"line-height-md color-carbon-40 margin-0 padding-0 p-sm\">1932\u20132023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"meet-the-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/apollo-7\/\" class=\"meet-the-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Go to External link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-custom-fit-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1524\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1524&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Go to External link\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" width=\"26px\" height=\"26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1524&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=300&h=238&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=768&h=610&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=1024&h=813&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1219&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=400&h=318&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=600&h=476&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=900&h=714&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S68-26668\/S68-26668~large.jpg?w=1200&h=953&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav hds-carousel-nav-next display-flex margin-right-auto margin-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-left-0 margin-right-0\" aria-label=\"Next Person\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-card-carousel padding-x-4 padding-y-5 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-card-carousel\">\t<div class=\"hds-card-carousel-header grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"section-heading-sm line-height-sm\">Stories from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col display-flex flex-align-center desktop:flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"hds-card-carousel-cards grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cards-included position-relative  hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev margin-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-carousel-slider\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"915\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Chris Kraft in the Mission Control Center during the Gemini IV mission. Lifting off from Cape Kennedy (now Cape Canaveral), Gemini 4 was the first flight to be monitored by the Mission Control Center at the new Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) in Houston. The 1,620-acre MSC complex, renamed in 1973 as the Johnson Space Center in honor of the late U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson, became the primary flight control center for all subsequent U.S. manned space missions from Project Gemini forward. (3 June 1965)\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 46% 7%; object-position: 46% 7%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg 3219w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=210,300 210w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=768,1098 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=716,1024 716w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=1074,1536 1074w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=1432,2048 1432w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=280,400 280w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=420,600 420w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=629,900 629w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=839,1200 839w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/s65-29139.jpg?resize=1399,2000 1399w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Christopher C. Kraft, Jr.<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">When Chris Kraft was a young student fresh out of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, Virginia, he didn't know where he was going next.\u00a0 Having lived in Virginia all his life, he thought the local NACA laboratory was too close to home.  He wanted a chance to go somewhere different. But the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory in Hampton offered him a position in the Flight Research Division, and a chance to train as an aeronautical engineer.  Kraft never looked back and began his long and historic NASA career in 1945.  <\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/christopher-c-kraft-oral-history\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read Chris Kraft's Oral History<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"822\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Portrait of Annie Easley at work in 1981 in the Engine Research Building's Central Control Room at Glenn Research Center\" style=\"transform: scale(1.4); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?resize=234,300 234w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?resize=768,986 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?resize=797,1024 797w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?resize=311,400 311w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?resize=467,600 467w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?resize=701,900 701w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/grc-1981-c-03692.jpg?resize=934,1200 934w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Annie J. Easley<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Born in Birmingham, Alabama, Annie Easley's mother told her, "You can be anything you want to be, but you have to work at it."\u00a0 She later moved with her husband to Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1955 read a story in the newspaper that the NACA Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory was hiring "computers."  She applied the next day and was hired two weeks later.  Faced with the prejudices of the time period, she adopted an attitude of "If I can't work with you, I will work around you.\u00a0 I was not about to be so discouraged that I'd walk away."<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/annie-easley-oral-history\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read Annie Easley's Oral History<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"John W. \u201cJack\u201d Boyd explaining the efficiencies of conical camber. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, Moffett Field, California. (5 March 1957)\" style=\"transform: scale(1.6); transform-origin: 20% 26%; object-position: 20% 26%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg 3072w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/14715-a-22498.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">John W. "Jack" Boyd<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Jack Boyd had always wanted to go to California, so when a friend told him the NACA was hiring at their laboratories, he chose the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory near Mountain View.  Two weeks after sending in his application, he received a telegram telling him he was hired as an engineer.  Because he had studied supersonic aerodynamics, his supervisor put him in a wind tunnel to devise airfoils and begin testing them at supersonic speeds. That simple choice of moving to California began a 73 year long career with NASA.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/john-w-jack-boyd-oral-history\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read Jack Boyd's Oral History<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"906\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/betty-love.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Betty Love portrait\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 49% 22%; object-position: 49% 22%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/betty-love.jpg 756w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/betty-love.jpg?resize=212,300 212w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/betty-love.jpg?resize=723,1024 723w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/betty-love.jpg?resize=283,400 283w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/betty-love.jpg?resize=424,600 424w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/betty-love.jpg?resize=636,900 636w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Betty S. Love<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Betty Love began work at the NACA High Speed Flight Research Station in California as a "computer" in 1952. She later recalled, "Our office was like a library.\u00a0Only the hum of the Friedan calculators was the noise that you heard.\u00a0No one spoke.\u00a0You weren\u2019t supposed to visit with your neighbor.\u00a0You were supposed to keep your work right in front of you and do that.\u00a0You weren\u2019t to go down and visit with the engineers." She attained an engineering position herself and retired in 1973, but Betty continued to support NASA by volunteering and preserving the center's history.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/betty-s-love-oral-history\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read Betty Love's Oral History<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/225772main-jo-dibella-904.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Photo of Jo Dibella at her retirement event\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 70% 34%; object-position: 70% 34%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/225772main-jo-dibella-904.jpg 904w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/225772main-jo-dibella-904.jpg?resize=300,226 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/225772main-jo-dibella-904.jpg?resize=768,578 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/225772main-jo-dibella-904.jpg?resize=400,301 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/225772main-jo-dibella-904.jpg?resize=600,451 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/225772main-jo-dibella-904.jpg?resize=900,677 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Jo Dibella<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">After taking a Civil Service test, Jo Dibella received an offer for a temporary job with the Adjudications Section Social Security Board and moved to Washington, DC, in June, 1937.\u00a0In early 1938, while working for the Census Bureau, she met someone at a local church concert who told her that the NACA was hiring secretaries.\u00a0 She landed that job and worked for Thomas Neill for 14 years.\u00a0 When Director Hugh Dryden needed a new secretary, she applied and won that position.\u00a0 Jo continued working with Dr. Dryden through the transition of NACA to NASA and until his death in 1965.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/jo-dibella-oral-history\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read Jo Dibella's Oral History<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Pictured in the Mission Operation Control Room during the STS-6 Extravehicular Activity are Milt Silveira (right), Special Assistant to the NASA Deputy Administrator Hans Mark (center). 7 April 1983\" style=\"transform: scale(1.4); transform-origin: 94% 57%; object-position: 94% 57%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg 5730w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=300,195 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=768,500 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=1024,666 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=1536,999 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=2048,1332 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=400,260 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=600,390 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=900,585 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=1200,781 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s83-30664.jpg?resize=2000,1301 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Milton A. Silveira<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Milt Silveira graduated from the University of Vermont in 1951 on a Friday and started work the following Monday morning at the NACA Langley Aeronautical Laboratory.\u00a0After serving in Korea as a helicopter pilot, he returned to Langley in 1955 and worked on helicopter loads and vibrations.\u00a0\u201cNACA was an organization that had some of the top people.\u00a0Most of the time they were the experts in that particular field." Silveira joined the Space Task Group in 1961, moving to the Manned Spacecraft Center, and later retired as the Chief Engineer for NASA in 1986.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/milton-a-silveira-oral-history\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read Milt Silveira's Oral History<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"width-full maxw-full bg-carbon-05 padding-bottom-9 padding-top-9 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0 padding-top-9 desktop:padding-top-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-right-5 margin-bottom-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label margin-bottom-2\">Oral Histories with<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"page-heading-md\">NASA Senior Leadership<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/nasa-senior-leadership-oral-histories\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md\" aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Learn More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-left-5\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Examining What Lies Beneath\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 55% 73%; object-position: 55% 73%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg?resize=300,201 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg?resize=768,514 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg?resize=1024,686 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg?resize=400,268 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg?resize=600,402 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/166270main_image_feature_727_ys_full.jpg?resize=900,603 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">From left to right: Sigmar Wittig, head of the German Space Agency; William Gerstenmaier, NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations; and Michael Griffin, NASA Administrator, Michel Tognini, head of the European Astronaut Center, and Bill Parsons, Kennedy Space Center deputy director, examine the shuttle’s thermal protection system tiles.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-hero-quote nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-x-3 display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center bg-nasa-blue-shade hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hero-quote\"><div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-icon margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"tablet:square-3 square-3 margin-right-2\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 3000 3000\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z\"><\/path><path d=\"M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hds-hero-quote-heading heading-36 font-weight-light line-height-md margin-bottom-5\">We\u2019ve often been asked, \u2018What did we discover when we went to the Moon?\u2019 We discovered the Earth . . .<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-hero-quote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-2\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/S69-38862_orig.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/S69-38862_orig.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/S69-38862_orig.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/S69-38862_orig.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/S69-38862_orig.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-hero-quote-name text-uppercase heading-12 margin-bottom-1\">Dick Gordon<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-hero-quote-title padding-0 margin-0 line-height-sm\">NASA Astronaut who flew on Gemini XI and Apollo 12<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"additional\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\tMore NASA Oral Histories\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/jsc2017e039526.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Aerial photograph of Johnson Space Center\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/jsc2017e039526.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/jsc2017e039526.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/jsc2017e039526.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/jsc2017e039526.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Johnson Space Center<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\">Interviews with hundreds of key NASA personnel, all available online.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/oral_histories.htm\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"\" rel=\"noopener\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6870792orig.jpeg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"The photograph shows Saturn V S-IC flight stages being assembled in the horizontal assembly area at the MAF.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6870792orig.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6870792orig.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6870792orig.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6870792orig.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Saturn Rocket Oral Histories<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\">Read transcripts from interviews with the project engineers who worked on the Saturn rockets.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/saturn-oral-histories\/\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"Saturn Oral Histories\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/nhq202103180001_0.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"The core stage for the first flight of NASA\u2019s SLS rocket undergoes a second hot fire test in the B-2 Test Stand on March 18.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/nhq202103180001_0.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/nhq202103180001_0.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/nhq202103180001_0.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/nhq202103180001_0.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Stennis Space Center Oral Histories<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\">This anthology of oral history interviews includes interviewees who participated in the Mississippi Oral History Program, the Apollo and Space Shuttle programs, Hurricane Katrina and Stennis Space Center\u2019s 50th Anniversary. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/stennis\/about-stennis\/stennis-space-center-history\/stennis-oral-histories\/\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"Stennis Oral Histories\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-cd7b8a.jpeg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"President Dwight D. Eisenhower (center) appoints T. Keith Glennan (right) NASA's first administrator and Hugh L. Dryden its first deputy administrator.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 40% 48%; object-position: 40% 48%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-cd7b8a.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-cd7b8a.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-cd7b8a.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-cd7b8a.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">NASA Senior Leadership Oral Histories<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\">This collection of interviews is an attempt to document the experiences of NASA\u2019s senior leadership, their personal histories, the lessons learned, their thoughts on NASA\u2019s past, and the decisions made that have directed NASA\u2019s priorities over the years and continue to do so into the future.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/nasa-senior-leadership-oral-histories\/\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Seal of NACA, including an illustration of the first flight at Kitty Hawk\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=298,300 298w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=768,773 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=1017,1024 1017w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=397,400 397w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=596,600 596w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/first-powered-flight-7-naca-official-seal.jpg?resize=894,900 894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">NACA Oral Histories<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\">Oral histories with former NACA members capture the experiences of only a handful of people who worked at the facilities but provide the human story of America\u2019s endeavor to serve as the leader in aeronautical research and the technical innovations that resulted from their labors.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/naca-oral-histories\/\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"width-full maxw-full bg-carbon-05 hds-cover-wrapper minh-tablet-lg hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-callout\">\n\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper padding-bottom-9 padding-top-9 display-flex\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-top-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"page-heading-md font-weight-extrabold line-height-heading-1 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Discovery and New Frontiers Oral Histories<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-top-2 padding-0 margin-bottom-4 color-spacesuit-white-important\">The NASA History Office is currently collecting oral history interviews to document the experiences of individuals who have dedicated their time and expertise to the Discovery and New Frontiers planetary exploration missions, including lessons learned, science objectives and methodologies, mission proposal processes, team dynamics, and management decisions.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/discovery-and-new-frontiers-oral-histories\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary  link-external-true\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1 color-spacesuit-white-important\" >\n\t\t\t\tRead the oral histories                                    <span class=\"usa-sr-only\"> about Discovery and New Frontiers Oral Histories<\/span>\n                \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 z-400\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Four images from New Horizons\u2019 Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) were combined with color data from the Ralph instrument to create this enhanced color global view of Pluto.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 20% 49%; object-position: 20% 49%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg?resize=300,207 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg?resize=768,531 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg?resize=1024,708 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg?resize=400,277 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg?resize=600,415 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/nh-pluto-in-false-color.jpg?resize=900,622 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA History<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA History<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"983\" height=\"1223\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?w=983\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg 983w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=241,300 241w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=768,956 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=823,1024 823w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=322,400 322w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=482,600 482w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=723,900 723w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=965,1200 965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 983px) 100vw, 983px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/nasa-history-series\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA History Series<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1229\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg 2880w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=768,615 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=1024,820 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=2048,1639 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/nasa-history-pubs.jpg?resize=2000,1601 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/news-and-notes\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA History News and Notes<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1143\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?w=1143\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg 1143w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?resize=229,300 229w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?resize=768,1008 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?resize=780,1024 780w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?resize=305,400 305w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?resize=457,600 457w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?resize=686,900 686w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/newsnotes-41-1.jpg?resize=914,1200 914w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1143px) 100vw, 1143px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-office\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA History Office<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/grc-1957-c-44368.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why Does NASA Collect Oral Histories? NASA sees value in oral history because the process provides significant benefits and plays an important role in capturing and preserving the first-hand experiences of individuals, lessons learned, methodologies, and institutional memory. Looking to the future, but taking time to explore the past, helps to explain what enabled projects [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":164685,"parent":128839,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[2671],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[4185,11519,11520,10300],"coauthors":[8393,8640],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"NASA Oral Histories","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/s62-04057_orig.jpg"},"articleSection":"NASA History","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Michele Ostovar"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Sandra L. 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