{"id":89099,"date":"2017-03-09T23:17:36","date_gmt":"2017-03-10T04:17:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-398352"},"modified":"2023-10-24T20:02:33","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T00:02:33","slug":"water-and-energy-cycle","status":"publish","type":"topic","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/water-and-energy-cycle\/","title":{"rendered":"Water and Energy Cycle"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>Earth Science (SG) Research and Analysis – Menu Bar<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 \"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\"><nav><ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\"><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\">Home<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Research and Analysis<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/atmospheric-composition\">Atmospheric Composition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/weather\/\">Weather<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/climate-variability-and-change\/\">Climate Variability and Change<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/water-and-energy-cycle\/\">Water and Energy Cycle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/carbon-cycle-and-ecosystems\/\">Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-surface-and-interior\">Earth Surface and Interior<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Water and Energy Cycle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Water and Energy Cycle Focus Area aims to develop capabilities to improve observations, model simulations and projections of the water and energy cycles at diverse spatial scales (local, regional, global) including extreme events. This scope aligns with research initiatives at other national and international programs, such as the Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment (GEWEX) and the water cycle activities of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In brief, the Water and Energy Cycle Focus Area seeks to enhance our understanding of the transfer and storage of water and energy in the Earth system. For the water cycle, the emphasis is on atmospheric and terrestrial stores, including seasonal snow cover. Permanent snow and ice, as well as ocean dynamics are studied within the Climate Variability and Change Focus Area. The Water and Energy Cycle Focus Area aims to resolve all fluxes of water and the corresponding energy fluxes involved with the water changing phase. Understanding, observing, and modeling clouds and their interaction with energy fluxes is accomplished in collaboration with three other Focus Areas (Atmospheric Composition, Climate, and Weather).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Research Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Water & Energy Cycle addresses the following overarching questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>How will water cycle dynamics change in the future?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How are global precipitation, evaporation, and the cycling of water changing?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the effects of clouds and surface hydrologic processes on Earth\u2019s climate?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How are variations in local weather, precipitation, and water resources related to global climate variation?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Research Programs<\/strong><br>\nNASA Energy and Water cycle Study (NEWS)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2003, NASA established the NASA Energy and Water cycle Study (NEWS), whose ultimate goal is a breakthrough improvement in the nation\u2019s energy and water cycle prediction capability. NEWS is expected to demonstrate advanced global observation, data assimilation, and improved representation of physical processes in climate models, better prediction systems to more effectively quantify the hydrologic consequences of climate change and produce useful seasonal and longer-range hydrologic predictions based on observed initial values and changing boundary conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Terrestrial Hydrology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Terrestrial Hydrology program (THP) uses NASA\u2019s unique view from space to investigate hydrologic processes linked with runoff, land-atmosphere coupling, and storage of terrestrial water. Its principal objective isto understand the role of water in enhancing the predicting skill in land-atmosphere interactions and to develop new observational basis for water resources management. THP promotes the development of hydrologic remote sensing theory, new hydrologic satellite missions, hydrologic remote sensing field experiments, and the interface of hydrology with other disciplines, such as ecology or modeling. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of satellite-based, remotely sensed data for characterizing, understanding, and predicting the terrestrially linked components of the hydrologic cycle and the dynamics of large-scale river basins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Associated Earth Science Division Missions, Instruments, and Data Sets<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The table below lists all Earth missions that are relevant to the Water and Energy Cycle Focus Area in all phases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Operating<\/strong><\/em>  <strong>missions<\/strong> include missions at the start of the <em>Operations and Sustainment<\/em> phase of their life-cycle.This phase marks the transition from system development and acquisition activities to primarily systems operations and sustainment activities. <strong>Missions under <em>development<\/em><\/strong> are missions that are at the <em>Final Design and Fabrication<\/em> (Phase C) and <em>System Assembly, Integration and Test, and Launch<\/em> (Phase D) phases of their life-cycle. The primary activities in this category are developmental in nature, including acquisition contract execution. Phase C includes: the completion of final system design and fabrication of test and flight architecture; qualification testing; development of detailed integration plans and procedures; and test of components, assemblies, and subsystems. Phase D entails: system assembly, integration, and test (AI&T); verification\/ certification; prelaunch activities; system launch; and completion of on orbit checkout or initial operations. <strong><em>Under study<\/em> missions<\/strong> include missions that are at the <em>pre-formulation<\/em> and <em>formulation<\/em> stages of their life-cycle. <em>Pre-formulation<\/em> begins the process to define a viable and affordable concept for new NASA programs and projects, via concept studies. This step is followed by the formulation stage, which consists of two sequential phases, the <em>Concept & Technology Development<\/em> phase and the <em>Preliminary Design & Technology Completion<\/em> phase. The primary activities in these phases are to develop and define the project requirements and cost\/schedule basis, and to design a plan for implementation (including an acquisition strategy, contractor selection, and long-lead procurement). <strong><em>Past<\/em> missions<\/strong> are missions that have reached the Closeout phase, during which project systems are taken out of service and safely disposed, although scientific and other analyses might still continue under project funding.<br>\n<b>Operations:<\/b><br>\nSatellite Missions<br>\n\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/Grace\/\" rel=\"noopener\">GRACE<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/tes.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">AURA (TES)<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/smap.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">SMAP<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/pmm.nasa.gov\/GPM\" rel=\"noopener\">GPM<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/landsat\/overview\/index.html\" rel=\"noopener\">LandSAT 8<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/pmm.nasa.gov\/category\/keywords\/gcom-w1\" rel=\"noopener\">GCOM-W1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suborbital Investigations:<br>\nInstruments<br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/missions\/airborne-snow-observatory-aso\/\" rel=\"noopener\">ASO<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/airbornescience.jpl.nasa.gov\/instruments\/pals\" rel=\"noopener\">PALS<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/airmoss.jpl.nasa.gov\/instruments\/p-band-radar\" rel=\"noopener\">P-band radar (AirMOSS)<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov\/hsb\/index.php?section=261\" rel=\"noopener\">SLAP<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/swot.jpl.nasa.gov\/airswot\/\" rel=\"noopener\">AirSWOT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suborbital Investigations:<br>\nAircraft Missions<br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/spaceimages\/details.php?id=PIA19879\" rel=\"noopener\">SMAPVEX 2015<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DEVELOPMENT<\/strong><br>\nSatellite Missions<br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/gracefo.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">GRACE -FO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>UNDER STUDY<\/strong><br>\nSatellite Missions<br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/swot.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">SWOT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PAST<\/strong><br>\nSatellite Missions<br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/aquarius.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">AQUARIUS<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov\/AMSR\/\" rel=\"noopener\">AQUA (AMSR-E)<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">TRMM<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/podaac.jpl.nasa.gov\/SSMI\" rel=\"noopener\">SSMI<\/a><br>\n\u2013<a href=\"http:\/\/gcmd.nasa.gov\/records\/GCMD_SMMR_TCT.html\" rel=\"noopener\">SMMR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ROSES Solicitations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For solicited program elements relevant to Water & Energy Cycle, search for and view open, closed, and future Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) NASA Research Announcements (NRAs) on the NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System (<a href=\"http:\/\/nspires.nasaprs.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NSPIRES<\/a>) website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Here is a list of 2015 solicited program elements:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/nspires.nasaprs.com\/external\/viewrepositorydocument\/cmdocumentid=448052\/solicitationId=%7B87E750EB-A6D3-7C24-6310-6303A40E4324%7D\/viewSolicitationDocument=1\/A.21%20NEWS.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">A.21 NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/nspires.nasaprs.com\/external\/viewrepositorydocument\/cmdocumentid=448051\/solicitationId=%7B92901D8B-5EC4-0D74-5CBF-3CA7F16D2956%7D\/viewSolicitationDocument=1\/A.20%20Terrestrial%20Hydrology.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">A.20 Terrestrial Hydrology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/nspires.nasaprs.com\/external\/viewrepositorydocument\/cmdocumentid=448053\/solicitationId=%7B6947C5F0-D481-9E99-0E27-1F87383774BC%7D\/viewSolicitationDocument=1\/A.22%20SMAP%20Amend%2029.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">A.22 Science Utilization of the Soil Moisture Active-Passive Mission<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\n<strong>NASA Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/nsidc.org\/daac\/data-sets.html\" rel=\"noopener\">National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.asf.alaska.edu\/about\/asf-daac\/asf-daac-data\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Relevant Sites<\/strong><br>\nTopics relevant to Water & Energy Cycle are also being pursued through the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>NASA Applied Sciences Programs<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Current<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/c3.nasa.gov\/water\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Water Resources Program<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/applied-sciences\/oceans.html\" rel=\"noopener\">The Oceans Program<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/appliedsciences.nasa.gov\/programs\/disasters-program\" rel=\"noopener\">Disasters<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/appliedsciences.nasa.gov\/programs-2\/capacity-building-program\" rel=\"noopener\">Capacity Building<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Future<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/applied-sciences\/energy.html\" rel=\"noopener\">The Energy Program<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>NASA Center Organizations                 <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Goddard Space Flight Center Atmospheric Sciences Program<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov\/climate\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Lab Research<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrospheric and Biospheric research<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/lis.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Land Information System (LIS)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Land Data Assimilation Systems (LDAS)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.giss.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Goddard Institute for Space Studies<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/science.larc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Langley Science Directorate<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Marshall Global Hydrology and Climate Center<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/weather.msfc.nasa.gov\/surface_hydrology\/hydrologic_modeling.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Surface Hydrology and Remote Sensing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/science.jpl.nasa.gov\/EarthAtmosphere\/index.cfm\" rel=\"noopener\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory Earth Atmospheric Sciences Section<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/science.jpl.nasa.gov\/EarthAtmosphere\/WaterCarbon\/index.cfm\" rel=\"noopener\">Water and Carbon Cycles<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Interagency \/ International Activities<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gewex.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Global Water and Energy Exchanges Project (GEWEX)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/administration\/eop\/ostp\/nstc\/committees\/cenrs\" rel=\"noopener\">National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment,  Natural Resources, and Sustainability (CENRS)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/swaq\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Subcommittee on Water Availability & Quality (SWAQ)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ceos.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Program Manager<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jared Entin<br>\n<em>NASA Energy and Water Cycle Focus Area<br>\nTerrestrial Hydrology Program<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-card-carousel padding-x-4 padding-y-5 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-card-carousel\">\t<div class=\"hds-card-carousel-header grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"section-heading-sm line-height-sm\">Focus Areas<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col display-flex flex-align-center desktop:flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/research-and-analysis\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary link-external-true\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1 \" >\n\t\t\t\tResearch and Analysis                \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"hds-card-carousel-cards grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cards-included position-relative  hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom hds-card-type-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev margin-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-carousel-slider\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?w=473\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA Logo\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 48% 49%; object-position: 48% 49%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg 473w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Atmospheric Composition<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">The Atmospheric Composition focus area consists of research on the composition of Earth\u2019s atmosphere, particularly of the troposphere and stratosphere, in relation to climate forcing, atmospheric ozone and aerosols, solar effects, air quality, and surface emissions of radiatively and chemically active source gases and particulates.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/atmospheric-composition\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read More<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?w=473\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA Logo\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg 473w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Weather<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">Our weather system includes the dynamics of the atmosphere and its interaction with the oceans and land and involves phenomena ranging from local or microphysical processes lasting minutes to global-scale events predictable up to two weeks prior.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/weather\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read More<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?w=473\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA Logo\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg 473w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Climate Variability and Change<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">NASA\u2019s role in climate variability study is centered around providing the global scale observational data sets on oceans and ice, their forcings, and the interactions with the entire Earth system.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/climate-variability-and-change\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read More<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?w=473\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA Logo\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg 473w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Water and Energy Cycle<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">The Water and Energy Cycle focus area studies the distribution, transport and transformation of water and energy within the Earth System, with the long-term goal to improve hurricane prediction, quantify tropical rainfall and eventually begin to balance the water budget at global and regional scales.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/water-and-energy-cycle\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read More<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?w=473\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA Logo\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg 473w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">This Focus Area deals with the cycling of carbon in reservoirs and ecosystems as it changes naturally, is changed by humans, and is affected by climate change.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/carbon-cycle-and-ecosystems\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read More<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-custom hds-card color-carbon-black display-flex flex-column margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-hover-zoom-image margin-bottom-2 bg-carbon-black\"><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?w=473\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"NASA Logo\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg 473w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cropped-nasa-logo-wallpaper.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"padding-right-0\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"heading-18\">Earth Surface and Interior<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"margin-top-0 line-height-lg\">NASA\u2019s Earth Surface and Interior focus area supports research and analysis of solid-Earth processes and properties from crust to core. This includes providing the space geodetic observations and products foundational to many space missions.<\/p><div class=\"margin-top-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-surface-and-interior\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-0\"><span role=\"textbox\" aria-multiline=\"true\" aria-label=\"Write button text here\" class=\"line-height-alt-1\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap; min-width: 1px;\">Read More<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Water and Energy Cycle The Water and Energy Cycle Focus Area aims to develop capabilities to improve observations, model simulations and projections of the water and energy cycles at diverse spatial scales (local, regional, global) including extreme events. This scope aligns with research initiatives at other national and international programs, such as the Global Energy [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":484,"featured_media":0,"parent":89092,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[12795],"coauthors":[12776,12787,12777,12957],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Water and Energy Cycle","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/water-and-energy-cycle\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/water-and-energy-cycle\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""},"articleSection":"General","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Corey R. Vallejo"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Maurice A. Valdez"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Aphisong C. Sangbouasy"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Ciara C. Fitzpatrick"}],"creator":["Corey R. Vallejo","Maurice A. Valdez","Aphisong C. Sangbouasy","Ciara C. Fitzpatrick"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2017-03-10T04:17:36Z","datePublished":"2017-03-10T04:17:36Z","dateModified":"2023-10-25T00:02:33Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Water and Energy Cycle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth-science-at-ames\/missions\/water-and-energy-cycle\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2017-03-10T04:17:36Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"General\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Corey R. Vallejo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Maurice A. Valdez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Aphisong C. Sangbouasy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Ciara C. Fitzpatrick\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":6,"time_ago":"7 years","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/89099"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/topic"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/484"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/89099\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":554852,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/89099\/revisions\/554852"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic\/89092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89099"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=89099"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=89099"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=89099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}