FINA L EXHIBI T 

0-42S1 3

ADMINISTRATIVE RECOR D

PHI V

SOI L INVESTIGATION

WORK PLAN

CALIFORNIA GULCH

STUDY AREA

LEADVILLE , COLORADO

July 1991

Prepared for ASARCO, Incorporated Leadville, Colorado

Prepared by

Woodward-Clyde

4582 South Ulster Street Parkway Stanford Place 3, Suite 1000 Denver, Colorado 80237

Project No. 22443E-3350
FINA L EXHIBI T 

SOI L INVESTIGATION

WORK PLAN

CALIFORNIA GULCH

STUDY AREA

LEADVILLE , COLORADO

July 1991

Prepared for ASARCO, Incorporated Leadville, Colorado

Prepared by

Woodward-Clyde

4582 South Ulster Street Parkway Stanford Place 3, Suite 1000 Denver, Colorado 80237

Project No. 22443E-3350
Woodward-Clyde Consultants

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1

1.1 SOILS WORK PLAN AND STUDY AREA 1-1

1.2 WORK PLAN OVERVIEW AND PURPOSE 1-2

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK 2-1

2.1 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES 2-1

2.2 IDENTIFIED DATA GAPS 2-2

2.3 PROPOSED WORK 2-3

2.3.1 Soil Inventory 2-3

2.3.2 Surficial Geologic Map of the Study Area 2-7

3 .0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN 3-1

3.1 FIELD SAMPLING PLAN 3-1

3.1.1 Samplin g Objectives and Sample Locations 3-1

3.1.2 Soil Mappin g and Profile Description 3-2

3.1.3 Sampling Handling and Documentation 3-2

3.1.4 Decontamination 3-2

3.1.5 Sample Preparation

3.1.6 Detection Limits

3.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) PROJECT PLAN 3-2

3.2.1 Project Organization 3-3

3.2.2 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control 3-3

3.2.3 Quality Assurance Objectives and Quality Control 3-4

3.2.4 Data Validation 3-4

3.2.5 Audits, Nonconformances, and Corrective Actions 3-4

3.2.6 Quality Assurance Reports 3-4

4.0 SCHEDULE 4-1

5.0 REFERENCES 5-1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Concluded)

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 2-1 PRELIMINARY SOIL LEGEND FOR THE SOIL MAP FOR LEADVILLE AND STRINGTOWN TABLE 3-1 PROJECT REQUIRED DETECTION LIMITS

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1-1 RI/FS STUDY AREAS FIGURE 4-1 SOILS SCHEDULE

LIST OF APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

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1.0

INTRODUCTION

The Soil s Investigation Work Plan is one section of the overall Phase II Remedial

Investigation (RI) Work Plan for the study area in Leadville, Colorado. The activities

described in this work plan are complemented by activities set forth in two additional

work plans to be carried out by Resurrection and EMSL. This work plan presents the

scope of the investigation and the field and laboratory procedures for the collection of

data from both populated and nonpopulated areas located within the study area. This

section of the work plan describes the study area, proposed tasks, literature review, and

purpose for the soil sampling event in Leadville, Colorado. Soils, as referenced in this

text, refers to natural soils; surficial materials refers to materials such as slag and other

smelter wastes, tailing, waste rock, ore, and clean fill which may be mixed with soils in

the study area.

1 .1 SOILS WORK PLAN AND STUDY AREA

The soils work plan will incorporate an area of approximately 16 square miles and be

referred to throughout this section as the study area (Figure 1-1). The study area

extends beyond the California Gulch drainage system to include:

• Residential district northwest of West Park Elementary School

• Residential district west of Saint Joseph Cemetery

• Historical smelter area near Poverty Flat in Evans Gulch

• Trailer park near the confluence of the Arkansas River and California

Gulch

• Area along Arkansas River downstream of the California Gulch

confluence to the Lake Fork Mouth - Arkansas River confluence

The sampling scheme will emphasize populated areas versus nonpopulated areas

(delineated on Figure 1-1) based on the potential risk of contamination in these areas.

Limited soil sampling relative to soil profile characterization is described in this work

plan. A more extensive program of soil sampling is detailed in the Resurrection and

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EMSL work plans. The proposed study consists of mapping surficial soil types and

collecting soil samples. The soil sampling and mapping program is designed to collect

sufficien t data for site characterization and screening of remedial alternatives. Surficial

geology of the study area will also be investigated to evaluate its relationship to soils in

the area. James P. Walsh and Associates, Inc., will perform all field work for the

proposed soil study.

1.2 WORK PLAN OVERVIEW AND PURPOSE

The combined objective of the three Soil Investigation Work Plans is to describe in

detail the investigation which will collect sufficien t samples to evaluate the nature and

extent of metals-contaminated soils and provide sufficient soils information to evaluate

remedial alternatives. Soil sampling effort s and proposed locations will be evaluated by

geostatistical and historical review of available data. Preliminary data necessary for the

conduct of a feasibility study (FS) for the development of remediation alternatives will

also be collected during the RI.

Tasks performed for preparation of the RI/FS Scopin g Document, California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado (Res-ASARCO 1991) that were used for the development of this

soil sampling work plan included literature collection and review for populated and

nonpopulated areas to evaluate:

• Areal distribution of data collection locations

• Data quality

• Data collection dates

• Metals analyzed

• Statistical compatibility of data

• Geostatistical data review

This work plan concentrates effort s for the proposed 1991 soil study and will fit into the

overall work plan for the RI.

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T he OVERSIZED MAPS IN THIS DOCUMENT

are available for public viewing at

REGION VIII

U.S . ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SDPERFUND RECORDS

999 18th Street, Suite 500 Denver, Colorado 80202-2405

(303 ) 293-1807
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2.0

SCOPE OF WORK

Data quality objectives described in this section are sufficient for an RI/FS. References

are given for issues requiring further detail.

2 .1 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

Data quality objectives (DQOs) are defined as statements which specify the quality and

quantity of the data, and define the analytical certainty required to support decisions

regarding a particular site. DQOs are established to ensure that the data collected are

of sufficien t quantity and quality for the intended uses. Data uses identified for soil data

collected during the Phase II RI within the study area are:

• Baseline risk assessment

• Site characterization (including health and safety planning)

• Screening and evaluation of remedial alternatives

• Remedial design

• Monitoring remedial action

The data collected under the three work plans for soils will be used to evaluate the

extent and concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), and

to screen and evaluate potential remedial alternatives. The data will be sufficien t quality

that it may also be used for risk assessment. Parameters which may affect the fate,

mobility, and persistence of the metals of concern identified above are: pH, electrical

conductivity (E.G.), bulk density, percentage of lime, particle size distribution, acid-base

potential, saturation percentage, and organic carbon.

The analytical technique to be used in this soil investigation was chosen for its ability to

meet the overall needs of the RI/FS as specified in Guidance for Conducting Remedial

Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA (EPA/540/6-89/004) and Data

Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities, Development Process

(EPA/540/6-87/003). According to EPA guidance (EPA/540/6-89/004,

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EPA/540/6-87/003), it is not only important for the analytical technique to be costeffective, but "it is extremely important that the analytical technique chosen has a

detection limit well below the level of concern" (EPA/540/6-87/003). Based on these

criteria, it was determined that EPA Level III analytical data were necessary for the soil

investigation. These techniques are designed to provide "confirmed identification and

quantification of organic and inorganic compounds in water, sediment, and soil samples"

(EPA/540/6-87/003) and "laboratory analysis using standard EPA approved procedures

other than current CLP RAS" (EPA/540/6-87/003). To fulfill the requirement for EPA

Level III data, the laboratory based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method with strict sample

preparation protocols and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) was chosen. Labbased XRF techniques provide the level of quality necessary for an RI/FS, as well as

cost-effectiveness with rapid turn-around of samples.

The DQOs for soils metals of concern for XRF include lead, arsenic, cadmium, and zinc. Detection limits, QA/QC samples, and data validation procedures required to meet the

objectives of the sampling program are referenced in the work plan prepared by EMSL.

QA/QC samples required for soil profile characterization will be those referenced in the

Samplin g and Analysis Plan, Yak Tunnel Operable Unit Quality Assurance Project Plan

(QAPP) (Res-ASARCO2). Sample handling, documentation, identification, labeling, and

tracking protocols will be those referenced in the Sampling and Analysis Plan Yak

Tunnel Operable Unit, Field Sampling Plan, (Res-ASARCO 1990b), or as revised in this

workplan.

2 .2 IDENTIFIED DATA GAPS

Previous investigations conducted on soils within the study area were reviewed during

the scoping of the RI to evaluate the quantity and quality of the various types of

information available, and data gaps were identified. These data gaps indicate that

further data are necessary to meet the data quality objectives for soil site

characterization and remedial investigation, and to geostatistically review available soils

data to develop future soil sampling activities, eliminating unnecessary soil sampling

efforts .

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General data gaps identified are:

• Inadequate distribution of sampling locations to characterize the

distribution of metal contaminants

• Inadequate information about physical and chemical parameters of metalcontaminated soils to evaluate fate, mobility, and persistence of metals for

the screening of remedial alternatives

• Inadequate soils descriptions (i.e., percentage of slag, tailing, waste rock,

smelter emissions, etc.) at sampling locations to make a possible

determination of the source of metal concentrations in soil samples

• Inadequate determination of the possible correlation between historical

and current land uses and soil sampling data

• Lack of data to evaluate the impact of road-sanding operations using slag

fines on populated area soils

The investigations described in this and the associated work plans have been designed

to provide data of sufficien t quality and quantity to address the identified data gaps.

2.3 PROPOSED WORK

The proposed work for soils within the study area includes: soil sampling of both

populated and nonpopulated areas, and soils mapping of all data. These tasks will be

described in following sections of this work plan and the two associated work plans. The

tasks are designed to minimize disturbance of the Leadville community.

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2.3.1 Soil Inventory

The objective of the soil inventory is to develop a soil/surficial material map which will

be used to evaluate a possible correlation between soil/surficial material type and metal

concentrations. This information can be used to geostatistically determine the location

of additional samples and to minimize the number of samples necessary to produce a

final metal concentration map of the study area.

The specific tasks for the soil inventory are to:

• Describe the soils and surficial materials to a depth of 18 inches

• Provide a detailed soils and surficial materials map of the study area

• Define the physical and chemical characteristics of soils in the study area

• Estimate the percentage of materials in surface horizons including natural

soils, mineralized zones, and materials potentially derived from tailing,

mine waste rock, smelter wastes, ore, clean fill, and slag

Sources of Information

The soil inventory will be based on the published United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (SCS) county survey, Soil Survey of Chaffee-Lake

Area, Colorado, and Parts of Chaffe e and Lake Counties (SCS 1975a). That information

will be refined based on detailed site investigations. Other previous soil investigations

in the study area will be used as appropriate.

Compilation of Existing Information

The soil inventory mapping in the field will be at two differen t scales; the study areas

will be mapped at 1 in. = 500 ft. The populated areas will be mapped at 1 in. = 200 ft. The map contour intervals will be 5 ft. The SCS mapping will have been digitized and

compiled on the base map.

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Stereographic color air photos will be used to refine the SCS soil map in preparation for

beginning field work. In addition, field notes on soil types (Walsh and Associates

sampling, 1987) will be compiled onto a working base map. A preliminary soil map of

the residential areas will be produced for use in preliminary geostatistical analyses of the

study area.

Units from the surficial geologic mapping will be used in defining soil parent materials.

Field Mappin g

T he field mapping will follow the procedures of the National Cooperative Soil Surveys

(various sources including Soi l Taxonomy [USDA SCS 1975b] and Soil Survey Manual

[in progress]). Soil s will be mapped first in populated areas and then in the balance of

the study area.

The inventory in populated areas will approximate a detailed order II survey as defined

by Soil Survey Staff (January 1984). An estimated 400 visual observations will be made

in incorporated Leadville and Stringtown (about 1600 acres), resulting in about one (1)

observation per 4 acres. The minimum size delineation in populated areas will be

about 0.25 acres.

The nonpopulated areas will be mapped at about an order HI survey defined by Soil

Survey Staff (January 1984). The minimum size delineation will be 1.5 acres.

Most of the delineations will be larger than these minimum sizes. Because of the nature

of the distribution of surficial materials in the area, not all dissimilar soils greater than

0.25 or 1.5 acres will be delineated.

As soil mapping progresses, the inventory team leader will develop soil map units and

set up a map legend of natural soils and land types. Table 2-1 gives a preliminary list

of map units which may be used for the soils map. Thi s list will be expanded or reduced

as necessary during the mapping program.

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The soil inventory will be conducted when the supervision of a Certified Professional

Soil Scientist certified by ARCPACS (American Registry of Certified Professionals in

Agronomy, Crops and Soils). Mappin g of surficial deposits will be reviewed on a daily

basis by mapping crews to assure conformance of mapped units. The units will be

designed to be readily mappable with a definite range of characteristics. A rough draft

soil map will be produced and 10 percent of the map units will be field checked to

evaluate the accuracy of the delineation and to determine if the range of characteristics

of the unit are adequately defined. The soil map is a supporting investigation and is not

subject to data quality objectives. The validity of the soil map will be qualitatively tested

when it is used as the basis of a geostatistical domain analysis. The soil maps may be

refined as the project progresses as more observations of soil types are made during

iterative soil sampling.

The holes excavated for the soil sampling will be used as additional observation

locations, particularly in areas of intensive surface disturbance. It is estimated that about

two-thirds of the locations will be described as part of the soil mapping project. Most

of these are expected to be in the old portion of residential Leadville. It will be the

responsibility of the soil mappers to coordinate with the soil samplers to avoid delaying

closure of the holes.

Additional checks on the accuracy and applicability of the mapping and map units will

be provided by the geostatistical domain analysis. Accurate and appropriate mapping

will result in two effect s on the domain analysis. The first will be a reduction in the

kriging estimation error within the domain. The second will be an improved ability to

accurately predictively model concentration levels. These will become apparent during

the iterative sampling phase as the predictive model is checked against the sample

results.

Description and Samplin g of Representative Soil Profiles

According to the procedures of the National Cooperative Soil Survey (various sources

including Soil Taxonomy [USDA SCS 1975b] and Soil Survey Manual [in progress]), a

representative profile of each soil type identified on a soil map shall be described by a

soil scientist. A site which is judged to be representative of each soil or surficial

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material included in the soil map legend will be excavated and described to a depth of

5 feet or bedrock (whichever is shallower). It is estimated that 15 soil/surficial material

types will be excavated. Soil s from these profiles will be sampled for EDXRF analysis

and described by horizon. In addition, samples will be collected at depths corresponding

to the residential soil sampling protocols (0-1 inches, 1-2 inches, 2-6 inches, 6-12 inches,

and 12-18 inches). Samples will be archived and analyzed for physical and chemical

characteristics, and metals:

• pH

• Electrical conductivity

• Bulk density

• Particle size distribution

• Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

• Saturation percentage

• Percentage organic carbon

• Percentage lime

• Acid-base potential (for sulfide bearing materials)

• Total As, Cd, Pb, Zn

Methods used to determine these characteristics are referenced in Appendix A, Soil

Work Plan SOP No. 1. Soil s will be classified according to Soil Taxonomy (USDA SCS

1975b).

Field Review

The SCS State Soil Correlator will be asked to conduct an informal review of the soil

map and final report.

Final Soil Inventory Report

A final soil inventory report will be prepared. It will include detailed soil type

descriptions and map unit descriptions, lab data and physical and chemical

characteristics, profile descriptions, and a detailed soil map.

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2.3.2 Surficial Geologic Map of the Study Area

In addition to a soils/surficial materials inventory, a surficial geologic map will be

produced of the study area. The surficial geology will provide information relative to

the origin and genesis of naturally occurring surficial materials.

Objectives

T he objective of the surficial geologic mapping is to compile existing surficial geologic

information of the study area on to one map to support the domain analysis. Surficial

geologic materials include floodplai n and terrace alluvium, glacial outwash, till, and

bedrock.

Sources of Information

The compilation will use all available sources of surficial geologic information. Those

sources include:

• Geology and Ore Deposits of the West Slope of the Mosquito Range. USGS Geological Survey Professional Paper 235, C.H. Behre, 1953.

• Pleistocene Geology of the Leadville Quadrangle, Colorado; Capps , S.R. Jr., USGS Bull. 386, 1909

Stereographic air photos will also be used to delineate landforms associated with surficial

geologic materials. The aerial photos are at a scale of 1:14400.

Field Checking

The compiled information will be presented on a map which is at the scale 1 in. = 500 ft

with 5-ft contours. Existing mapping will be field checked by a qualified quaternary

geologist. The map will be refined based on surface observations, examination of road

cuts, landform analysis, and hand-dug observation points.

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Final Report

The surficial geologic report will include a compiled surficial geologic map and a

description of units.

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TABLE 2-1

PRELIMINARY SOIL LEGEND FOR THE SOIL MAP

OF LEADVILLE AND STRINGTOWN

Symbol Name

LeE Leadville sandy loam, 3 to 35% slopes LeEn Leadville sandy loam eroded phase, 3 to 35% slopes LeSlE Leadville sandy loam with slag, 3 to 35% slopes LeE2 Leadville sandy loam under mine waste < 50cm thick,

3 to 35% slopes PgD Pierian gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 9% slopes PgD2 Pierian gravelly sandy loam under tailings <30cm thick, 3 to 9% slopes PIF Pierian soils, 20 to 45 % slopes PoC Poncha gravelly sandy loam, 1 to 5% slopes TrE Troutville gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 35% slopes

Landtypes

Bid Buildings CA Concrete and asphalt roads and parking lots GS Gravel and sand roads and parking lots Uwd Undifferentiated waste over disturbed soils UwLe Undifferentiated waste > 50cm over Leadville sandy loam U wp Undifferentiated waste piles S ip Slag piles Sm Smelter Wastes T ip Tailin g piles TIPg Tailin g >30cm thick over Pierian gravelly sandy loam

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3.0

SAMPLING AND ANALYSI S PLAN

T he Sampling and Analysis Plan, Yak Tunnel Operable Unit, California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado, Revision 3.0 will be used as the SAP for this work plan. Modification s to the Yak Tunnel SAP applicable to this work plan are presented below. T he SAP is composed of the followin g parts:

• Field Sampling Plan

• Quality Assurance Project Plan

• Standard Operating Procedures

3 .1 FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

This Field Samplin g Plan (FSP) addresses the sampling and analysis tasks required to

evaluate the nature and extent of metals-contaminated soils and remedial alternatives

f or the soils in the California Gulch Site area. The FSP details the proposed soil sample

locations, sample handling and labeling procedures, planned chemical analyses,

documentation and reporting, and QA/QC requirements.

3.1.1 Samplin g Objectives and Sample Locations

The objectives of the soil sampling Remedial Investigation program described in this and

the two associated work plans are to (1) characterize the nature and extent of soil

contamination in populated and non-populated areas, (2) evaluate the depth of

contamination in the soil to 18 inches, (3) evaluate in sufficien t detail the horizontal

extent of surface contamination in populated areas, (4) prioritize areas for remedial

action, (5) characterize the chemical and physical soil characteristics, concentrations,

volumes, sources, and speciation to evaluate remedial alternatives, and (6) evaluate the

nature and extent of soil contamination in non-populated areas to evaluate

environmental risk. For the purposes of this work plan, soil samples will be collected

under the soil inventory task described in subsection 2.3.1 to characterize the physical,

chemical and metal characteristics of the samples.

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3.1.2 Soil Mapping and Profile Description

Procedures for Soil Mapping and Profile Description, including soil classification and soil

profile sampling procedures, were prepared and can be found in Soil Work Plan

SOP No. 1 of Appendix A of this Work Plan.

3.1.3 Sample Handlin g and Documentation

Procedures for sample handling and documentation are presented in the SAP for the

Yak Tunnel Operable Unit in SOP No. 10 - Sample Handling, Documentation, and

Analysis.

3.1.4 Decontamination

Procedures for decontamination of sampling equipment and personnel are contained in

the SAP for the Yak Tunnel Operable Unit in SOP No. 1 - Decontamination.

3.1.5 Sample Preparation

All soil samples will be delivered to the project laboratory on the day of collection.

Samples will be logged into the database and prepared for analysis. The sample

preparation procedures include: homogenization of the soil in the sample jar, collection

of a subsample of a suitable size, drying of the sample in a laboratory oven, sieving of

the dried sample to remove the large debris and grinding of the less than 2 mm fraction

of the sample to approximately 50 /*m for the analysis.

3.1.6 Detection Limits

The detection limits of the four (4) target analytes in soils required for the XRF analyses

are listed in Table 3-1. These values have been arrived at from the intended uses of the

data for the evaluation of risk and the identification of areas for remediation activities.

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These detection limits are attainable using the specified methodology and will also be

used for the reporting limits of the laboratory performing the analysis of the soil

samples.

TABLE 3-1: PROJECT REQUIRED DETECTION LIMITS

Analyte

Arsenic

Cadmium

Lead

Zinc

Detection Limit

mg/kg

25

25

200

100

3 .2 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN (QAPP)

The Quality Assurance Project Plan, Revision 3.0, March 18,1991, Yak Tunnel Operable

Unit, California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado, will be utilized as the QAPP for this

work plan, with the modifications presented in the subsections below.

The purpose of Quality Assurance Project Plan is to document the quality assurance

requirements applicable to activities performed as part of the Soil Investigation Work

Plan. This plan describes the requirements of the QA program for organizing, planning,

performing, reviewing, and documenting activities which affect the quality of work

related to the Soil Investigation Work Plan.

The scope of this Quality Assurance program includes all activities performed by Res-ASARCO after the date of EPA approval of the Soil Investigation Work Plan, as

authorized by Res-ASARCO. It applies to all work, whether performed at the California

Gulch site and vicinity, or in any offic e or laboratory.

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3.2.1 Project Organization

The organization, responsibilities, and qualifications of key ASARCO personnel

concerned with quality assurance for the Soil Work Plan are specified in Subsections 3.2,

3.3, and 3.4 of the Quality Assurance Project Plan, Revision No. 3.0, March 18, 1991, Y ak Tunnel Operable Unit, California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado (Yak Tunnel

QAPP).

3.2.2 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control

An on-site, fixed-base laboratory will be utilized to analyze the soil samples collected

during this phase of the investigation. The laboratory will be equipped with an energy

dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF) capable of providing the quality

of data, detection limits, and turn around times required for the project . This quality

of data will be ensured by including a strong quality assurance program to the analytical

procedures.

The level of quality control introduced into the laboratory procedures is equal to or

greater than that required in the Contract Laboratory Statement of Work for the types

of quality control samples that are appropriate. These quality control procedures include

the use of standard reference materials, duplicate sample preparations and analyses,

decontamination and equipment blanks, daily instrument calibration verification and

procedures for auditing laboratory operations for continued adherence to the established

quality control program.

3.2.3 Quality Assurance Objectives and Quality Control

Data quality objectives pertaining to accuracy, precision, completeness, comparability,

and representativeness and quality control checks are specified in Subsection 2.1 of this

Work Plan and Section 6 of the SAP of the Yak Tunnel Operable Unit QAPP. Soil

Samplin g Field QA/QC samples required for this soil sampling effort will those

referenced in the SAP of the Yak Tunnel Operable Unit QAPP.

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3.2.4 Data Validation

Validation of the analytical data generated from samples collected as part of the Soil

Investigation Work Plan will be as described in the Yak Tunnel QAPP with the

followin g changes:

• The data validation process that will be used for non-CLP metals analyses

will be based on EPA Laboratory Data Validation Functional Guidelines

f or Evaluating Inorganic Analyses (EPA 1988) modified for SW-846

methods. The data validation forms included as Attachment A in the Yak

Tunnel QAPP will not be used for validating data generated as part of the

Soil Work Plan.

3.2.5 Audits , Nonconformances, and Corrective Actions

System audits and corrective actions for nonconformance will be as specified in

Subsections 10.1 and 10.2 of the Yak Tunnel QAPP. The schedule of audits to be

performed will be as specified in Table 10-1 of the Yak Tunnel QAPP.

3.2.6 Quality Assurance Reports

Quality assurance reports to management will be as specified in Section 11.0 of the Yak

Tunnel QAPP.

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4.0

SCHEDUL E

A tentative schedule for the activities included in the soil investigation described in this

work plan is shown in Figure 4-1. This schedule may be subject to change due to factors

which may influence the ability to begin and/or complete the specific tasks identified in

this document. These factors may include, but are not limited to, access to private lands,

inclement weather, and regulatory review and approval.

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Figur e 4-1 SOIL S SCHEDUL E

ACTIVIT Y

DRAF T WORK PLAN

FINA L DRAF T WORK PLAN

FINA L WORK PLAN

TECHNICA L ADVISOR Y COMMITTE E

ACCESS/QUESTIONAIR E

SOILS/SURFICA L MATERIAL S INVENTOR Y

SURFICIA L GEOLOGY MAPPIN G

DOMAIN ANALYSIS / MAPPIN G

JUN E

*

*

*

AREAJ

JUL Y

•

> INITIALLY TO

HISTORICA L AERIA L

AUGUS T

BE SAMPLED

MAPPIN G

COMPILATION / REVIEW I MA ••M

1991

SEPTEMBER

PPIN G •••»

OCTOBER

G

 DRAFT MAP

FIELD CHECK

NOVEMBER

OTHER AREAS

DECEMBER

1992

JANUAR Y
Woodward-Clyde Consultants

5.0 REFERENCES

Res-ASARCO. 1991a. RI/FS Scoping Document, California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado. Prepared by Woodward-Clyde.

Res-ASARCO. 1990a. Sampling and Analytical Plan. Yak Tunnel Operable Unit, Quality Assurance Project Plan. Rev. 3.0. Prepared by Woodward-Clyde. March

18, 1991.

Res-ASARCO. 1990b. Sampling and Analysis Plan, Yak Tunnel Operable Unit, Field Samplin g Plan. Prepared by Woodward-Clyde. April , 1990.

Res-ASARCO. 1990c. Residential Soil s Investigation. Prepared by Walsh and Associates.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service (SCS). 1975a. Soil Survey of Chaffee-Lake Area, Colorado, and Parts of Chaffee and Lake Counties.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service (SCS). 1975b. Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Agricultural Handbook 436. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington D.C.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1990. Day Care Soil Study. Prepared

by Roy F. Weston, Inc.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1989. Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA. EPA/540/6-89/004.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1987. Data Quality Objective for Remedial Response Activities, Developed Process. EPA/540/6-87/003.

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APPENDIX A STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

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APPENDIX A

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

This part of the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) contains the following Standard

Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the field monitoring and sampling tasks described in

t he Field Sampling Plan (FSP) for this Soils Work Plan.

SOP Number

1* Decontamination

Soils Work Plan 1 Soil Mapping and Profile Description

10* Sampling Handling, Documentation, and

Analysis

* SOP contained in the SAP for Yak Tunnel Operable Unit, California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado (Res-ASARCO 1990).

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TITL E PAGE

SOILS WORKPLAN STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 1 SOIL MAPPING AND PROFILE DESCRIPTION

California Gulch Site Leadville, Lake County, CO

Project Number 22443-22327

Approvals: Date

Originator

Peer Reviewer

QA/QC Officer

Project Manager

EPA Approval

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Soil Mapping and Profile Description Date: 07-02-91 Page 1 of 12
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

1.0 TITLE PAGE 1

2.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

3.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 3

4 .0 RESPONSIBILITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS 4

5 .0 PROCEDURES FOR SOIL MAPPING AND PROFILE DESCRIPTION 5

5 .1 FIELD MAPPING 5

5 .2 PROFILE DESCRIPTION AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION 6

5.3 SOIL PROFILE SAMPLING PROCEDURES 7

6.0 LABORATORY PROCEDURES FOR PEDON SOIL SAMPLES 9

7.0 REFERENCES 11

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 6-1 . PEDON SOIL SAMPLE LAB METHODS 10

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGUR E 6-1 SOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTION 8

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PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this document is to define the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for

soil mapping and profile description.

This SOP applies to any work performed by ASARCO personnel or any subcontractor

selected to perform any portion of the soils mapping or profile descriptions. These

procedures will be routinely followed. Any modifications to this SOP shall be approved

by the Project Manager or Task Leader, and the Quality Assurance/Quality Control

(QA/QC ) Officer.

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RESPONSIBILITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS

The Project Manager or Task Leader is responsible for assigning project staf f to perform

soil mapping activities. The Task Leader is also responsible for assuring that these and

any other appropriate procedures are followed by all project personnel.

T he project staf f assigned to perform soil mapping activities are responsible for

completing their tasks according to these and other appropriate procedures. All staf f are

responsible for reporting deviations or nonconformance of the procedure to the Task

Leader or Project Manger, and QA/QC Officer.

Only qualified personnel shall be allowed to perform soil mapping activities.

Qualifications are based on education, previous experience, or on-the-job training and

supervision by another qualified person. Oversight and supervision of the soil mapping

activities will be conducted by a Certified Professional Soil Scientist. Project staf f

performing the surveys will be trained soil scientists or trained personnel with significant

mapping background and experience approved by the senior soil scientist. All staf f

involved with the soil mapping activities shall have previous experience with soil

mapping, sample collection, and sample handling procedures. The Project Manager shall

document personnel qualifications related to this procedure in the project QA files .

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PROCEDURES FOR SOIL MAPPING AND PROFILE DESCRIPTION

5 .1 FIELD MAPPING

A preliminary soil map of the study area will be produced from existing Soil

Conservation Service (SCS) soil maps of the area, stereographic color aerial photos, and

field notes from the 1987 Walsh and Associates soil sampling.

The soil inventory in populated areas will approximate a detailed order II survey. The

nonpopulated areas will be mapped at about an order III survey.

From existing soils information and field observations, the inventory team leader will

develop soil map units and establish a map legend of natural soils and land types

composed primarily of surficial waste materials. The map units to be used will be

developed specifically to support the desired interpretations and uses of the soil survey.

Soil mapping in the field will follow the procedures and nomenclature outlined in the

Soil Survey Manual (Soil Survey Staff 1981). Soil mapping will involve examining

hundreds of soil cores, hand-dug pits, and some backhoe pits from all sections of the

study area. Hand-dug pits will be excavated with a tile spade and hand augers, and cores

will be obtained with the use of a Giddings auger. An estimated 400 visual observations

will be made in incorporated Leadville and Stringtown (about 1600 acres), resulting in

about one observation per 4 acres. Official SCS soil series descriptions will be consulted

to classify the soils to the series level where practical. Those soils that have properties

outside the limits of locally recognized soil series will be classified to the phase of family

level. The minimum size delineation in populated areas will be about 0.25 acres.

For the nonpopulated areas, the locations of soil observations will be selected to

represent the range of possible geomorphic positions occurring in a geographically

limited area. This method is of a standard soil survey procedure. In areas with no

perceptible landscape change, observations will be made at arbitrary distance intervals.

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The number of observations will depend upon the complexity of the soil pattern. The

minimum size delineation for nonpopulated areas will be 1.5 acres.

Equipment and sources used for soil mapping include the following:

• Tile spade and hand augers

• Giddings auger with sampling core

• Hand lens

• 0.2NHC 1

• SCS soil description sheets

• Munsell color book

• Tape measure

• General soil map

• Aerial photos

• Soil handbook

• Soil Survey Manual

5 .2 PROFILE DESCRIPTION AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION

A representative soil profile of each soil type used in the inventory will be described and

sampled to a depth of 5 feet or to bedrock, whichever is shallower, from backhoe pits. The soils will be described, identified, and characterized using trie procedures and

nomenclature outlined in the Soi l Survey Manual (Soil Survey Staff 1981).

The vegetation, current use, parent material, physiography, relief, elevation, slope, and

aspect will be described at each typical pedon site. Estimates will be made of the

hydrologic characteristics of the soil for water erosion class, water retention difference,

drainage, depth to groundwater, moisture, and hydraulic conductivity. The presence of

salt or alkali will be noted. For each horizon of the pedon, the depth, color, texture,

structure, consistence, roots, clay films, rock fragments, mottles, and boundaries will be

described. These descriptions will be noted on the standard SCS soil profile description

sheets. An example of the soil profile description sheet is presented in Figure 6-1.

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The soils will be classified in the field to the family level using Soil Taxonomy (Soil

Survey Staff 1975). Official SCS soil series descriptions will be consulted to classify the

soils to the series level where practical.

5 .3 SOIL PROFILE SAMPLING PROCEDURES

Profiles will be sampled by horizon. In addition, samples will be collected at depths of

0 to 1 inch, 1 to 2 inches, 2 to 6 inches, 6 to 12 niches, and 12 to 18 inches. These soil

samples will be split; one split will be archived and the other will be analyzed to support

the field evaluations, determine total metal concentrations, and to provide additional

information about the soils.

Soil samples collected at depth intervals from soil profile s shall be sampled in the

followin g manner:

1. Collect samples from bottom to top of the backhoe pit to prevent crosscontamination from soil material falling from above. The pedon face to be

sampled will be brushed from top to bottom with a nylon brush to remove any

loose particles. The lowest sample (12 to 18 inches) will be collected first , using

a decontaminated stainless steel scoop or trowel.

2. Place the collected material into a decontaminated stainless steel mixing bowl and

mix for several minutes.

3. Remove material other than soil, such as little and root matter. Shake soil

material from the roots and other material.

4. Mix again for several minutes to ensure complete homogenization.

5. Using a decontaminated stainless steel scoop, divide the sample into two clean

wide-mouth, 16-ounce sampling jars, one for analysis and one for archive

purposes. Samples that will not fit in wide-mouth jars will be placed in sample

bags.

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6. After the sample has been collected, sample handling and documentation will

comply with SOP No. 10 of the Yak Tunnel Operable Unit, California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado Sampling and Analysis Plan (Res-ASARCO 1990).

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FIGURE A-l SOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTION

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LABORATORY PROCEDURES FOR PEDON SOIL SAMPLES

Laboratory analyses will be performed to assess the physical and chemical properties of

the soil. These properties include:

• pH

• Electrical Conductivity (E.G.)

• Bulk density

• Percent lime

• Particle size distribution (percentage of gravel, sand, very fine sand, silt,

clay)

• Saturation percent

• Percent organic carbon

• Acid-base potential

• Total As, Cd, Pb, and Zn

Table 6-1 presents the appropriate laboratory methods to be employed for the abovelisted parameters.

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TABLE 6-1

PEDON SOIL SAMPLE LAB METHODS

Parameter Source

Saturated Paste pH

Electrical Conductivity (E.G.) Percent Lime (Calcium Carbonate Equivalent Percent) Bulk Density Particle Size Analysis

Saturation Percent

Percent Organic Carbon

Acid Base Potential

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Antimony Arsenic

Barium

Beryllium

Boron

Cadmium

Chromium

Copper

Lead

Manganese

Mercury Nickel

Silver

Thallium

Zinc

ASA # 9-2, section 12-2.6

ASA # 9-2, section 10-3.3

USDA Handbook # 60, Method 6-23c

ASA # 9-1, section 13-4

DA22 USDA Handbook #60, Method 27a

ASA # 9-2, section 29.3.5.2

Sobek et al, 1978

ASA #9-2, Section 8-3

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

SW-846

ASA # 9-1 (Black et al 1965). ASA # 9-2 (Page et al 1982). USDA Handbook # 60 (Salinity Laboratory Staff 1954). SW-846 (EPA 1986)

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7.0

REFERENCES

Black, C.A. et al. (ed.). 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part I. Agronomy 9. Am. Soc.

of Agron., Madison, WI.

Page, A.L. et al. (ed.). 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Second Edition. Agronomy 9. Am. Soc. of Agron., Madison,, WI.

Salinity Laboratory Staff. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils . USDA Agric. Handb. 60. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Sobek, A.A. et al. March 1978. Field and Laboratory Methods Applicable to

Overburden and Mine Soil. U.S. EPA - 600/2/78-05A.

Soil Survey Staff. 1975. Soil Taxonomy, A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making

a nd Interpreting Soil Surveys. USDA-SCS Agric. Handb. 436. U.S. Government

Printing Office , Washington, D.C.

Soil Survey Staff. 1981. Soil Survey Manual. USDA-SCS Agric. Handb. 18. U.S. Government Printing Office , Washington, D.C. (Revised 1951 edition).

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1986. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Third Edition.

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