Page 2 of 63

Preliminary Problem Formulation for the 

Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk, Endangered 

Species, and Drinking Water Assessments in Support 

of the Registration Review of Isoxaflutole

(5-cyclopropyl-4-isoxazolyl)[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone

(CAS 141112-29-0)

Prepared by:

Kristina Garber, Senior Biologist

Wm. J. Shaughnessy, Ph.D., Environmental Scientist

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pesticide Programs

Environmental Fate and Effects Division

Environmental Risk Branch II

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

Mail Code 7507P

Washington, DC 20460

Reviewed by:

Jean Holmes, DVM, MPH, Risk Assessment Process Leader

Greg Orrick, Environmental Scientist

Brian Anderson, Branch Chief
Page 3 of 63

Table of Contents

1. Purpose........................................................................................................................... 4

2. Nature of Regulatory Action.......................................................................................... 4

3. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments.............................................................. 4

4. Stressor Source and Distribution .................................................................................... 6

4.1. Mechanism of Action.............................................................................................. 6

4.2. Overview of Pesticide Usage .................................................................................. 6

4.3. Environmental Fate and Transport.......................................................................... 8

5. Receptors...................................................................................................................... 11

5.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms............................................................................... 11

5.2. Effects to Terrestrial Organisms........................................................................... 11

5.3. Ecological Incidents.............................................................................................. 15

6. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk ................................................................................. 15

7. Assessment Endpoints ................................................................................................. 16

8. Conceptual Model......................................................................................................... 16

8.1. Risk Hypothesis.................................................................................................... 16

8.2. Conceptual Diagram ............................................................................................. 17

9. Analysis Plan ................................................................................................................ 18

9.1. Stressors of Concern ............................................................................................. 19

9.2. Measures of Exposure........................................................................................... 21

9.3. Measures of Effect ................................................................................................ 22

9.4. Integration of Exposure and Effects ..................................................................... 23

9.5. Endangered Species Assessments......................................................................... 24

9.6. Drinking Water Assessment ................................................................................. 24

10. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program.................................................................... 25

11. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps..................................................................... 25

11.1. Fate....................................................................................................................... 25

11.2. Effects.................................................................................................................. 26

12. References.................................................................................................................. 32
Page 4 of 63

1. Purpose

The purpose of problem formulation is to provide the foundation for risk assessment. It sets the 

assessment objectives, evaluates the nature of the problem, and provides a plan for analyzing the 

data and characterizing the risk. This problem formulation provides a plan for analyzing data 

relevant to isoxaflutole and for conducting environmental fate and ecological risk, endangered 

species, and drinking water assessments as part of the registration review of its registered uses. 

Additionally, this problem formulation identifies data gaps, uncertainties, and potential 

assumptions used to address those uncertainties, relative to characterizing the ecological risk

associated with the registered uses of isoxaflutole. 

2. Nature of Regulatory Action

The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 mandated the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

to implement a new program for assessing the risks of pesticides, i.e., registration review 

(http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/registration_review/). All pesticides distributed or sold in the 

United States generally must be registered by EPA. The decision to register a pesticide is based 

on the consideration of scientific data and other factors showing that it will not cause 

unreasonable risks to human health, workers, or the environment when used as directed on

product labeling. The registration review program is intended to ensure that, as the ability to 

assess risk evolves and as policies and practices change, all registered pesticides continue to 

meet the statutory standard of no unreasonable adverse effects to human health and the 

environment. Changes in science, public policy, and pesticide use practices will occur over time. 

Through the new registration review program, the Agency periodically reevaluates pesticides to 

ensure that as change occurs, products in the marketplace can be used safely. 

As part of the implementation of the new registration review program pursuant to Section 3(g) of 

the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Agency is beginning its 

evaluation to determine whether isoxaflutole continues to meet the FIFRA standard for 

registration. This problem formulation for the environmental fate and ecological risk assessment 

chapter in support of the registration review is intended for the initial docket, opening the public

phase of the review process. 

3. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

An ecological risk assessment was completed by EFED on May 2, 1997 (DP barcodes 225503+) 

for the proposed registration of isoxaflutole as a pre-plant or pre-emergence herbicide for the 

control of grassy and broadleaf weeds in field corn. At the time, the proposed label specified a 

single ground spray application rate of 0.1875 lb a.i./A (0.208 kg a.i./ha). A brief summary of 

the risk from the proposed use of isoxaflutole from the 1997 assessment is provided below.

There is phytotoxicity risk to non-target aquatic and terrestrial plants from runoff of 

parent isoxaflutole and its transformation products. 
Page 5 of 63

There is phytotoxicity risk to non-target terrestrial plants from ground spray drift of 

parent isoxaflutole. 

Minimal adverse affects to non-target aquatic plants are expected from ground spray 

drift.

Endangered plant species may be directly affected from the use of isoxaflutole.

Chronic risk to birds, mammals, shrimp and estuarine fish cannot be determined because 

data on the transformation products have not been submitted. 

[Note that data submitted subsequent to the 1997 assessment has indicated that only the 

Agency‟s level of concern (LOC) for chronic risk to estuarine invertebrates is exceeded 

at rates of application at corn use sites. Chronic risk LOCs for birds, mammals, and fish 

are not exceeded.]

EFED expects that the transformation products will persist and accumulate in surface 

water and shallow ground water surrounding treated areas. 

[Note that updated data since the 1997 assessment support this finding. Laboratory 

studies suggest that RPA 202248 (DNK) and RPA 203328 are stable to hydrolysis and 

photolysis in aqueous systems and hence pose a possible environmental concern.]

There is a potential risk to other crops from the presence of potentially phytotoxic 

transformation products in irrigation water. However, the major areas of corn production 

that use irrigation (Western U. S. corn belt) have deep aquifers with slow recharge rates 

that are not likely to have sufficient concentrations of the transformation products to 

adversely affect other crops. In other parts of the United States where corn is also grown 

and where shallow ground water is used for irrigation, sporadic irrigation is used for 

other crops. Crops such as soybeans, which are rotated with corn and are sensitive to 

irrigation waters containing isoxaflutole residues, could be adversely affected. Estimated 

maximum concentrations of isoxaflutole residues in ground water exceed the phytotoxic 

triggers to non-target plants (e.g., other crops) up to 4,500 times, presuming that the 

transformation products are as toxic as parent isoxaflutole. 

[Note that updated data since the 1997 assessment indicate that isoxaflutole‟s terminal 

metabolite, RPA 203328, does not demonstrate phytotoxicity for terrestrial plants. A 

developmental toxicity study in rats conducted with RPA 203328 has been submitted to 

the Agency (MRID 45655906). The results of the study show that in the presence of 

maternal toxicity at the highest doses tested (750 mg/kg/day), there was no teratogenicity 

or developmental toxicity. These results and those of other toxicology studies and plant 

studies on the compound suggest that RPA 203328 is not toxicologically significant.]

On April 16, 2010, EFED completed an ecological risk assessment for an Experimental Use 

Permit (EUP) request from Bayer CropScience for Isoxaflutole use on soybeans (DP Barcode 

370959). In this assessment, EFED assumed that the treated field would be rotated between corn 

and soybean on a seasonal basis to reflect the crop rotation patterns typically practiced by 

farmers. Accordingly, modeling was conducted by EFED with herbicide application rates that 

reflected use of the parent compound on corn (0.14 lb a.i./A) and soybean (0.094 lb a.i./A). The 

parent isoxaflutole and the diketonitrile (DKN) degradate RPA 202248 were assessed for 

potential risk to non-target organisms. The conclusions of the EUP ecological risk assessment 

were:

The Agency‟s LOC for terrestrial non-target plants was exceeded for runoff and spray drift 

exposure routes. 
Page 6 of 63

Runoff from soybean and/or corn fields may contain residues of isoxaflutole parent and its 

phytotoxic degradate, RPA 202248 (DNK). These waters if used for irrigation on non-target 

plants (crops) may exceed the Agency‟s LOC for non-target plants by up to 310X. 

The Agency‟s LOC for aquatic non-target plants was not exceeded for listed and non-listed 

species near soybean fields.

The Agency‟s acute or chronic LOCs for birds or mammals (listed and non-listed) were not 

exceeded.

The Agency‟s acute or chronic LOCs for fish or invertebrates (freshwater or estuarine) (listed 

and non-listed) were not exceeded.

EFED has recently conducted a new use assessment expanding the geographic extent of corn and 

considering the use of isoxaflutole on soybeans1. The conclusions of this assessment were the 

same as the assessment completed on April 16, 2010.

4. Stressor Source and Distribution

4.1. Mechanism of Action

Isoxaflutole is a pigment inhibitor (i.e., 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (4-HPPD)

inhibitor) whose mode of action prevents the biosynthesis of carotenoid pigments that protect 

chlorophyll from decomposition by sunlight. Without carotenoid pigments, chlorophyll pigments 

are photo-oxidized and chloroplasts break down. Without the energy collecting action of the 

chlorophyll, the whole plant eventually dies.

Isoxaflutole degrades quickly into two compounds, α-(-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-2-

(methylsulfonyl)-β-oxo-4-(trifluromethyl)benzenepropanenitrile) (RPA 202248), and 2-

methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (RPA 203328). Available data indicate that the 

RPA 202248 metabolite has herbicidal activity;

2

 however, RPA 203328 does not appear to 

impact terrestrial plants.

4.2. Overview of Pesticide Usage

Isoxaflutole is only registered for use on corn, with a maximum single application rate of 0.094lb 

a.i./A. The herbicide is applied by ground spraying equipment. The herbicide is manufactured 

 

1 Memorandum from Kristina Garber, Senior Biologist and Wm. J. Shaughnessy, Ph.D., Environmental Scientist, Environmental 

Risk Branch II, Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) to Kathryn Montague, Risk Manager Herbicide Branch,

Registration Division (7505P), subj: Ecological Risk Assessment for the Isoxaflutole Proposed Section 3 Registration for Use on 

Soybeans and on Corn in Five Additional Southern States (South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana), dtd 

March 15, 2011.

2 Rupprecht JK, Liu A, Kelly I, Allen R. Degradation of RPA 202248 [U-14C-phenyl]alpha(-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-2-

(methylsulfonyl)-beta-oxo-4-(trifluromethyl)benzenepropanenitrile), the primary degradation product of isoxaflutole, in an 

outdoor aquatic microcosm system. J Environ Sci Health B. 2004;39(5-6):725-36.
Page 7 of 63

as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and as a dry flowable (DF) formulation. Appendix A 

contains a summary of herbicide application data listing uses with the associated maximum 

single application rate, method of application, and application timing. Note that this appendix 

lists the maximum application rate as 0.14 lb a.i./A, which is no longer the maximum application 

rate for isoxaflutole.

The estimated annual national usage of isoxaflutole in 1999-2002 was 373,000 lbs. A national 

map showing the estimated poundage of isoxaflutole in 2002 is presented in Figure 1. The map 

was downloaded from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Water Quality Assessment 

Program (NAWQA) website: 

http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/usage/maps/show_map.php?year=02&map=m4004. The map 

represents typical agricultural use patterns over a five year period from 1999 through 2002. It 

does not reflect any new registrations, label changes, changing use patterns, or mitigation 

measures that may have occurred between that time and the time of this problem formulation. 

The map is an illustration of the current extent of isoxaflutole use. The risk assessment will be 

based on the labeled uses at the time the assessment is conducted.

Figure 1. 2002 Estimated Annual Agricultural Use Map for Isoxaflutole (Source: USGS)

As indicated in Table 1, an estimated 300,000 lbs of isoxaflutole were applied annually to corn.

The estimated agricultural uses in total pounds of active ingredient in ranking order were based 
Page 8 of 63

on the Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) performed by the Biological and Economic 

Analysis Division (BEAD). SLUA data sources include: 

USDA-NASS (United States Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics 

Service) 

Private Pesticide Market Research

NPUD 2002 (National Pesticide Use Database) of the CropLife America Foundation

California DPR (Department of Pesticide Regulation)

Table 1. Annual Screening Level Estimates of Agricultural Uses of Isoxaflutole (As of August 2, 2010)

Crop Lbs. A.I.*

Percent Crop Treated

Avg. Max.

Corn 300,000 5 10

Sorghum+ <500 <1 <2.5

*All numbers rounded.

<500 Less than 500 pounds of active ingredient

<2.5 Less than 2.5 percent of crop treated

<1 Less than 1 percent of crop treated

+ Crops not known to be listed on active end use product registrations or as Section 18 

emergency exemptions when this report was run

4.3. Environmental Fate and Transport

Isoxaflutole, the active ingredient in Balance, Corvus, Prequel, and Radius corn herbicides (See 

Appendix A) and a co-formulant with the herbicide flufenacet in the product EPIC, is readily 

degraded in soil and water to RPA 202248 α(-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-β-oxo4-(trifluromethyl)benzenepropanenitrile). Air photolysis and laboratory volatility data have been 

submitted.

Parent isoxaflutole rapidly degrades by abiotic hydrolysis (20.1 hours at pH7) and microbially 

mediated metabolism. Although isoxaflutole is mobile (Koc of 112 L/kgOC) and has limited 

potential to volatilize (vapor pressure of 1.0 x 10-6Pa (7.5x10-9Torr) at 25o C and Henry‟s Law 

Constant of 1.85 x 10-10 atm-m

3

/mole), rapid degradation in both soil and water reduces the 

potential for parent isoxaflutole to be transported to either surface or ground water. Half-lives of 

isoxaflutole in laboratory soil degradation studies range from 12 hours to 13.9 days. Aerobic 

aquatic metabolism data for the parent and degradates have not been submitted.

Through physical, chemical and microbial action, isoxaflutole degrades quickly into two 

compounds, the primary metabolite (RPA 202248), and the terminal metabolite, 2-

methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (RPA 203328). The structures of isoxaflutole and 

its degradates are provided in Figure 2. 
Page 9 of 63

 

 Isoxaflutole 202248 203328

Figure 2. Structures of isoxaflutole, RPA 202248 and RPA 203328.

Laboratory studies suggest that RPA 202248 is stable to hydrolysis and photolysis in aqueous 

systems and hence poses a possible environmental concern. As part of a program of work 

towards understanding the actual field situation, an outdoor microcosm study of RPA 202248 

was carried out. Over the course of the 29-day study, residues remained predominantly in the 

aqueous phase. A slow but steady degradation of RPA 202248 was observed leading to the 

formation of RPA 203328. The aqueous degradation half-life of RPA 202248 was calculated to 

be 103 days. These findings indicate that aqueous degradation should be considered as a 

potential route of dissipation when assessing the fate of RPA 202248.

Isoxaflutole‟s terminal metabolite, RPA 203328 is expected to persist and accumulate.

In aerobic soil metabolism studies, RPA 202248 and RPA 203328 were detected at maximum 

concentrations of 52-79% of the applied in 7 days, and 30-65% of the applied in 1-6 months 

post-treatment, respectively. A summary of isoxaflutole degradates is presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Isoxaflutole Degradates

Degradate IUPAC Name Formation 

Route

Degradate 

Classification

(% AR)*

Reference

R202248 α-(-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-

2-(methylsulfonyl)-β-oxo-4-

(trifluromethyl)benzeneprop

anenitrile)

Hydrolysis

Aerobic 

metabolism 

in soil

Soil 

photolysis

Major (up to 

79% AR in 

aerobic soil 

studies)

MRID 

43573254

MRID 

43588006

MRID 

45658804

MRID 

43588005

MRID 

45658805

R203328 (2-methylsulfonyl-4-

trifluoromethylbenzoic acid)

Aerobic soil 

metabolism

Major (up to 

65% AR)

MRID

43588006

MRID 

45658804 

F

F

F

O S

O

O

O

N

F

F

F

O S

O

O O

N

F

F

F

O S

O

O

O
Page 10 of 63

* % RA - Percent of applied radioactivity

Registrant-submitted data defining the physical, chemical, environmental fate and transport 

characteristics associated with isoxaflutole are summarized in Table 3.

Table 3. General physico-chemical and environmental fate properties of isoxaflutole.

Parameter Value Reference

Molecular Weight 359.2 g∙mol-1 Calculated from chemical 

structure

Water Solubility 6.2 mg∙L-1at 20o C MRID 43573205

Vapor Pressure

1.0 x 10-6Pa at 25o C

(7.5 x10-9 Torr)

MRID 43573208

Henry's Law Constant 1.85 x 10-10 atm-m

3

/mole

TOXNET: 

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@ter

m+@DOCNO+7275

Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient 

(Kow)

P=219 (log P=2.34) @ 20o C MRID 43573206

Organic Carbon Adsorption Coefficient

(Koc) 112 L/kgOC MRID 44065801

Hydrolysis t1/2 pH 5

 pH 7

 pH 9

11.1 hours

20.1 hours

3.2 hours

MRID 43573254

Aqueous Photolysis t1⁄2

6.7 days MRID 43588004

Soil Photolysis t1⁄2 23 hours

MRID 43588005

MRID 45658805

Aerobic Soil Metabolism t1⁄2 12 hours to 13.9 days

MRID 43588006

MRID 45658804

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism t1⁄2

<2 hours MRID 43588007

Column Leaching

slightly mobile in columns (30-cm length) of 

sandy loam, silty clay loam, silt loam, and 

loamy sand soils

MRID 43588008

Terrestrial Field Dissipation 1.4 to 3.0 days

MRID 43904838

MRID 44092101

MRID 44291504

MRID 44291505

MRID 45658806

MRID 45658807
Page 11 of 63

5. Receptors

Consistent with the process described in the Overview Document (USEPA 2004), the risk 

assessment for isoxaflutole will rely on a surrogate species approach. Toxicological data 

generated from surrogate test species, which are intended to be representative of broad 

taxonomic groups, are used to extrapolate to potential effects on a variety of species (receptors) 

included under these taxonomic groupings. 

Acute and chronic toxicity data from studies submitted by pesticide registrants along with the 

available open literature are used to evaluate the potential direct and indirect effects of 

isoxaflutole on aquatic and terrestrial receptors. These include toxicity data on the technical 

grade active ingredient, degradates, and when available, formulated products (e.g. “Six-Pack” 

studies). The open literature studies are identified using EPA‟s ECOTOX database (USEPA 

2007d), which employs a literature search engine for locating chemical toxicity data for aquatic 

life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. The evaluation of both sources of data can also provide 

insight into the direct and indirect effects of isoxaflutole on biotic communities from loss of 

species that are sensitive to the chemical and from changes in structure and functional 

characteristics of the affected communities. 

5.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms

In acute toxicity tests with freshwater and saltwater fish exposed to isoxaflutole at the limit of 

solubility, no mortality was observed. This was also the case with freshwater invertebrates; 

however, for saltwater invertebrates, specifically the mysid shrimp, isoxaflutole is classified as 

very highly toxic. Non-vascular aquatic plants were as sensitive to isoxaflutole as the mysid 

shrimp while vascular aquatic plants were more sensitive. 

In a chronic toxicity test with the mysid shrimp, mortality was observed at 1.9 μg a.i./L, resulting 

in a chronic NOAEC of 1.0 μg a.i./L. No other chronic toxicity data are available for aquatic 

animals exposed to isoxaflutole; however, these data could be estimated using the acute-tochronic ratio (ACR) for mysid shrimp exposed to isoxaflutole (17.8).

Table 4 provides a summary of the taxonomic groups and the surrogate species tested to 

characterize the potential acute and chronic effects of isoxaflutole on aquatic organisms. 

TABLE 4. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Submitted Aquatic Toxicity Studies for 

Isoxaflutole. 

Taxa 

represented

Species 

(common name)

Toxicity Value 

(mg a.i./L)

Citation 

(MRID)

Comments

freshwater fish 

and aquaticphase 

amphibians

Oncorhynchus 

mykiss (rainbow 

trout)

96-hr LC50 >1.7 43573236

No observed mortalities at highest 

treatment level. 1.7 ppm represents 

maximum water solubility obtainable 

under test conditions.
Page 12 of 63

Taxa 

represented

Species 

(common name)

Toxicity Value 

(mg a.i./L)

Citation 

(MRID)

Comments

NOAEC = 0.096 See 

comments

No toxicity data are available for this 

taxa. NOAEC derived using ACR for 

mysid shrimp (17.8) and acute toxicity 

value for rainbow trout.

freshwater 

invertebrates

Daphnia magna 

(waterflea)

48-hr EC50 >1.5 43573237

No observed immobility at highest 

treatment level. 1.5 ppm represents 

maximum water solubility obtainable 

under test conditions.

NOAEC = 0.084 See 

comments

No toxicity data are available for this 

taxa. NOAEC derived using ACR for 

mysid shrimp (17.8) and acute toxicity 

value for waterflea.

Estuarine/ 

Marine fish

Cyprinodon 

variegates

(Sheepshead 

minnow)

96-hr LC50 >6.4 43573238

No observed mortalities at highest 

treatment level. 6.4 ppm represents 

maximum water solubility obtainable 

under test conditions.

NOAEC = 0.36 See 

comments

No toxicity data are available for this 

taxa. NOAEC derived using ACR for 

mysid shrimp (17.8) and acute toxicity 

value for sheepshead minnow.

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrates

Mysidopsis 

bahia (mysid 

shrimp)

96-hr EC50

=0.0178 43573240 Slope = 2.9

NOAEC = 0.001 43904821 LOAEC = 0.0019 based on effects to 

survival.

Aquatic Plants

Skeletonema 

cosatum (marine 

diatom)

5-d EC50 = 0.11

NOAEC = 

0.0022

43573247 none

Lemna gibba 

(duckweed)

14-d EC50 = 

0.0049 NOAEC 

= 0.0011

43573246 Slope = 1.55

Several studies are available that allow for a comparison of the acute toxicity of isoxaflutole to 

degradates 202248 and 203328 (Table 5). As with isoxaflutole, no mortalities were observed in 

rainbow trout, sheepshead minnow or waterflea (MRIDs 43904822, 43904825, 45065801, 

43573241, 43904823). For the mysid shrimp, the most sensitive animal test species exposed to 

isoxaflutole, LC50 values for degradates 202248 and 203328 are 2 and 4 orders of magnitude 

(respectively) higher than isoxaflutole (MRIDs 43904824 and 44718801). 

Table 5. LC50 and EC50 values (mg a.i./L) for isoxaflutole and its degradates. 

Test Species (common name) Endpoint Isoxaflutole 202248 203328

Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) 96-h LC50 >1.7 >30.6 160

Cyprinodon variegates (Sheepshead minnow) 96-h LC50 >6.4 >78 NA

Daphnia magna (waterflea) 48-h EC50 >1.5 >59.6 >150

Mysidopsis bahia (mysid shrimp) 96-h LC50 0.0178 3.6 145

Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae) 5-d EC50 0.14 5.0 5.9

Lemna gibba (duckweed) 14-d EC50 0.0049 0.075 >9.8

Although no chronic toxicity data are available for aquatic animals exposed to isoxaflutole‟s 

degradates, these data could be estimated using the ACR for mysid shrimp exposed to 

isoxaflutole (17.8) and the acute toxicity data for isoxaflutole‟s degradates. The results include 
Page 13 of 63

estimated NOAECs of 0.20 and 8.1 mg a.i./L for degradates 202248 and 203328, respectively. 

Available toxicity data for aquatic plants indicate that degradate 202248 is an order of magnitude 

less toxic when compared to isoxaflutole (MRIDs 44399908 and 44399909). When considering 

toxicity data for green algae, degradate 203328 is also an order of magnitude less toxic than 

isoxaflutole; however, for duckweed, degradate 203328 is at least 3 orders of magnitude less 

toxic (MRIDs 43904826 and 44399910; Table 4). 

5.2. Effects to Terrestrial Organisms

Isoxaflutole is classified practically non-toxic to birds and mammals on an acute oral exposure 

basis. In available sub-acute toxicity studies with birds, no mortalities were observed at the 

highest test concentration (4255 mg a.i./kg-diet); however, since the highest test concentrations 

were below 5000 mg a.i./kg-diet, isoxaflutole is classified slightly toxic to birds. On an acute 

contact and oral basis, isoxaflutole is practically non-toxic to honey bees.

In a 2-generation reproduction study (MRID 43904809), isoxaflutole was administered to 

Charles River Crl:CD®BR VAF/Plus® rats (30/sex/group) at nominal dietary levels of 0, 0.5, 2, 

20 or 500 mg/kg-food/day. The actual levels in males were 0, 0.45, 1.76, 17.4 or 414 mg/kgfood/day and in females, they females were 0, 0.46, 1.79, 17.7 or 437 mg/kg-food/day, 

respectively). Decreased body weight, body weight gain and food consumption were observed 

in parents exposed to 500 mg/kg-food (nominal). In the offspring, decreased body weights were 

observed at the 500 mg/kg-food (nominal) treatment level. The NOAEC for this study was 20 

mg/kg-food/day, which corresponds to a measured concentration of 17.4 mg/kg-food/day (based 

on exposure value for males).

No chronic toxicity data are available for birds exposed to isoxaflutole.

Seedling emergence and vegetative vigor data are available from a toxicity study where 10 

species of terrestrial plants were exposed to technical isoxaflutole. Overall, vegetative vigor 

endpoints are more sensitive when compared to seedling emergence. Of the dicot species, the 

turnip was the most sensitive, with EC25 values of 0.00047 and 0.00001 lb a.i./A for effects to 

seedling emergence and vegetative vigor, respectively. Of the monocot species, onion was the 

most sensitive for seedling emergence with an EC25 of 0.01576 lb a.i./A, while oat was the most 

sensitive for vegetative vigor with an EC25 of 0.0021 lb a.i./A. Additional studies are available 

where terrestrial plants were exposed to formulated products containing isoxaflutole; however, 

the endpoints generated from these studies were less sensitive.

Although not summarized here, a number of studies have been submitted by the registrant where 

terrestrial plants were exposed to isoxaflutole through spray drift, runoff and irrigation. These 

studies will be considered at the time the ecological risk assessment is conducted for this 

chemical.

Table 6 provides a summary of the taxonomic groups and the surrogate species tested to 

characterize the potential acute and chronic effects of isoxaflutole on terrestrial organisms. 
Page 14 of 63

TABLE 6. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Submitted Terrestrial Toxicity 

Studies for technical Isoxaflutole. 

Taxa 

represented Species Toxicity Value

Citation

(MRID) Comments

Birds, 

terrestrialphase 

amphibians 

and reptiles

Colinus 

virginianus

(bobwhite quail)

LD50>2150 mg/kg-bw 43573231

No observed mortalities at 

highest treatment level

LC50 >4255 mg/kg-food 43573233

Anas 

platyrhynchos 

(Mallard Duck)

LD50>2150 mg/kg-bw 43573232

LC50 >4255 mg/kg-food 43573234

Terrestrial 

mammals

Rattus 

norvegicus

(laboratory rat)

LD50 >5000 mg a.i./kg-bw 43573212 Acute inhalation LC50 >5.23 

mg/L (MRID 43573214)

NOAEC =17.4 mg a.i./kgfood 43904809

Value based on exposure to 

males; LOAEC = 414 mg/kgfood based on decreased body 

weight in parents and 

offspring

Terrestrial 

invertebrates

Apis mellifera

(Honey bee) LD50 > 100 μg/bee (contact) 43573248

No observed mortalities at 

highest treatment level. Oral 

LD50 >168.7 μg/bee.

Non-target 

terrestrial and 

wetland 

plants -

monocots

onion

Seedling Emergence:

EC25 = 0.01576 lb a.i./A

NOAEC = 0.012 lb a.i./A

43573242 This endpoint is based on a 

study with TGAI.

oat

Vegetative Vigor:

EC25 = 0.0021 lb a.i./A

NOAEC = 0.0048 lb a.i./A

43573242 This endpoint is based on a 

study with TGAI.

Non-target 

terrestrial and 

wetland 

plants - dicots

turnip

Seedling Emergence:

EC25 = 0.00047 lb a.i./A

NOAEC = 0.00011 lb a.i./A

Vegetative Vigor:

EC25 = 0.00001 lb a.i./A

NOAEC = <0.00001 lb a.i./A

43573242 These endpoints are based on 

a study with TGAI.

Several studies are available that allow for a comparison of the acute toxicity of isoxaflutole to 

its major environmental degradates (i.e., 202248 and 203328). In toxicity studies conducted with 

bobwhite quail (MRIDs 43940302 and 44693501) and the laboratory rat (MRIDs 43904810 and 

43904812), degradates 202248 and 203328 were practically non-toxic (Table 7). 

Table 7. EC25/50 values (ppm) for isoxaflutole and its degradates. 

Test Species (common name) Endpoint Isoxaflutole 202248 203328

Colinus virginianus (bobwhite quail) LC50 (mg/kg-food) >4255 >5230 >5265

Rattus norvegicus (laboratory rat) LD50 (mg/kg-bw) >5000 >5000 >5000

Brassica oleracea (cabbage) EC25 (lb a.i./A) 0.00014* 0.00013* >0.14

Brassica rapa (turnip) EC25 (lb a.i./A) 0.00013* 0.00016* >0.14

Lactuca sativa (lettuce) EC25 (lb a.i./A) 0.00023* 0.00018* >0.14

*Endpoint is whole plant weight. Study did not report root or shoot weight.

In a reproductive study with the northern bobwhite quail exposed to degradate 202248, no 

parental or reproductive effects were observed relative to controls at the highest treatment level 
Page 15 of 63

of 500 mg/kg-food (MRID 45011501).

In two screening vegetative vigor studies with 3 plant species (Table 7), EC25 values based on 

decreased plant weight were 0.00013- 0.00023 lb a.i./A for isoxaflutole and 0.00013- 0.00018 lb 

a.i./A for degradate 202248 (MRIDs 45535404 and 45535405). This indicates that for terrestrial 

plants, degradate 202248 is of similar toxicity to isoxaflutole.

In a seedling emergence study (MRID 44399907), and a vegetative vigor study (MRID 

44399906) involving degradate 203328, no significant effects were observed in 10 species 

exposed to 0.14 lb a.i./A. These species included the turnip and onion, which were orders of 

magnitude more sensitive to technical isoxaflutole (MRID 43573242). 

5.3. Ecological Incidents

A review of the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS, version 2.1), the „Aggregate 

Incident Reports‟ (v. 1.0) database, and the Avian Incident Monitoring System (AIMS) for 

ecological incidents involving isoxaflutole was completed on 3/16/2011. The incidents reported 

in each database are summarized below. These incidents will be described in more detail in the 

ecological risk assessment of isoxaflutole.

EIIS contains reports of 460 incidents involving isoxaflutole use on corn from 1999 to 2005. All 

incidents relate to plant damage. The majority (94%) of these incidents involve damage to corn 

from direct application. The 6% of incidents involving non-target plants occurred on fields 

planted to soybean or sugar beets that were damaged due to carryover of isoxaflutole degradate 

residues in the soil. 

The Aggregate Incident Reports‟ database contained reports of 8105 minor plant incidents that 

occurred from 1999 to 2010. These incidents involved several formulated products containing 

isoxaflutole, including: Epic, Balance Herbicide, Balance Pro, Radius SC4, Corvus Herbicide 

and Balance Flexx.

AIMS contained no incident reports for isoxaflutole.

6. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk

The ecosystems potentially at risk are often extensive in scope; therefore, it may not be possible 

to identify specific ecosystems during the development of a nation-wide ecological risk 

assessment. However, in general terms, terrestrial ecosystems potentially at risk could include 

the treated field and immediately adjacent areas that may receive drift or runoff. Areas adjacent 

to the treated field could include cultivated fields, fencerows and hedgerows, meadows, fallow 

fields or grasslands, woodlands, riparian habitats, and other uncultivated areas. 

Aquatic ecosystems potentially at risk include water bodies adjacent to, or down stream from, the 

treated field and might include impounded bodies such as ponds, lakes and reservoirs, or flowing 
Page 16 of 63

waterways such as streams or rivers. For uses in coastal areas, aquatic habitat also includes 

marine ecosystems, including estuaries. 

7. Assessment Endpoints

Assessment endpoints represent the actual environmental value that is to be protected, defined by 

an ecological entity (species, community, or other entity) and its attribute or characteristics 

(USEPA 1998). For isoxaflutole, the ecological entities include the following: birds, reptiles, 

terrestrial-phase amphibians, mammals, freshwater fish, freshwater aquatic-phase amphibians

and invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates, terrestrial plants, insects, aquatic 

plants, and algae. The attributes for each of these entities include growth, reproduction, and 

survival. 

8. Conceptual Model

For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it must reach ecological receptors in biologically 

significant concentrations. An exposure pathway is the means by which a pesticide moves in the 

environment from a source to an ecological receptor. For an ecological pathway to be complete, 

it must have a source, a release mechanism, an environmental transport medium, a point of 

exposure for ecological receptors, and a feasible route of exposure.

The conceptual model for isoxaflutole provides a written description and visual representation of 

the predicted relationships between isoxaflutole, potential routes of exposure, and the predicted 

effects for the assessment endpoint. A conceptual model consists of two major components: risk 

hypothesis and a conceptual diagram (USEPA 1998).

8.1. Risk Hypothesis

A risk hypothesis describes the predicted relationship among the stressor, exposure, and 

assessment endpoint response along with the rationale for their selection. For isoxaflutole, the 

following ecological risk hypothesis is being employed for this national-level ecological risk 

assessment:

Isoxaflutole, when used in accordance with current labels, can result in off-site 

movement of the compound and its two major degradates via runoff, leaching to 

ground water and spray drift leading to exposure of nontarget plants and 

animals. Direct applications to foliar surfaces may serve as a major source of 

exposure of wildlife to isoxaflutole and its degradates. Exposure in these 

environmental compartments will result in adverse effects upon the survival, 

growth, and reproduction of non-target terrestrial and aquatic organisms. These 

non-target organisms include federally-listed threatened and endangered species.
Page 17 of 63

8.2. Conceptual Diagram

The environmental fate properties of isoxaflutole indicate that runoff and spray drift represent 

potential transport mechanisms of isoxaflutole and its degradates to aquatic and terrestrial 

organisms. These transport mechanisms (i.e., sources) are depicted in the conceptual models 

below (Figures 3 and 4) and result in the movement of isoxaflutole and its degradates into 

aquatic (water and sediment) and terrestrial (soil and foliage) habitats. The movement away 

from the site of application in turn represents exposure pathways for a broad range of biological 

receptors of concern (non-target animals) and the potential attribute changes, i.e., effects such as 

reduced survival, growth and reproduction, in the receptors due to isoxaflutole exposure.

Figure 3. Conceptual model for isoxaflutole effects on aquatic organisms. Dotted lines indicate exposure 

pathways that have a low likelihood of contributing to ecological risk.

Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute

Change

Isoxaflutole applied to use site (i.e., corn)

Isoxaflutole degrades to 202248 and 203328

Spray drift

Fish/aquatic-phase 

amphibians

Eggs 

Larvae 

Juveniles / Adults

Individual organisms

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Food chain

Reduction in algae

Reduction in prey

Habitat integrity

Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover

Community change

Surface water/

Sediment

Runoff

Aquatic Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Exposure

Media

Uptake/gills 

or integument

Ingestion Ingestion

Soil Groundwater

Uptake/gills 

or integument

Aquatic Plants

Non-vascular

Vascular

Uptake/cell, 

roots, leaves Riparian plant

terrestrial 

exposure 

pathways see 

Figure 2

Atmosphere
Page 18 of 63

Figure 4. Conceptual model for isoxaflutole effects on terrestrial organisms. 

9. Analysis Plan 

In order to address the risk hypothesis, the potential for adverse effects on the environment is

estimated. The use, environmental fate, and ecological effects of isoxaflutole are characterized 

and integrated to assess the risks. This is accomplished using a risk quotient (ratio of exposure 

concentration to effects concentration) approach. Although risk is often defined as the likelihood 

and magnitude of adverse ecological effects, the risk quotient-based approach does not provide a 

quantitative estimate of likelihood and/or magnitude of an adverse effect. However, as outlined 

in the Overview Document (USEPA 2004), the likelihood of effects to individual organisms 

from particular uses of isoxaflutole is estimated using the probit dose-response slope and either 

the level of concern (discussed below) or actual calculated risk quotient value.

This analysis plan will be revisited and may be revised depending upon the information 

submitted by the public in response to the opening of the registration review docket for 

isoxaflutole.

Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute

Change

Isoxaflutole applied to use site (i.e., corn)

Isoxaflutole degrades to 202248 and 203328

Direct

application Spray drift

Birds / Terrestrialphase amphibians 

/ reptiles / 

mammals

Juvenile

Adult

Terrestrial 

insects

Individual organisms

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Food chain

Reduction in prey

Habitat integrity

Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover

Community change

Terrestrial/riparian plants

grasses/forbs, fruit, seeds 

(trees, shrubs)

Atmosphere

Mammals

Exposure

Media

Soil

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Dermal uptake/Ingestion

Root uptake

Birds / 

Amphibians

Ingestion

Runoff
Page 19 of 63

9.1. Stressors of Concern

The stressors of concern for different taxa potentially exposed to isoxaflutole and its degradates 

are summarized in the text below and in Table 8. 

Table 8. Stressors of concern for isoxaflutole ecological risk assessment*. 

Exposure 

duration Taxa Isoxaflutole Degradate 202248

Degradate 

203328

Acute

freshwater fish no no no

estuarine marine fish no no no

freshwater fish invertebrate no no no

estuarine marine invertebrate yes no no

Mammals no no no

Birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles no no no

Chronic

freshwater fish no yes yes

estuarine marine fish no yes yes

freshwater invertebrate no yes yes

estuarine marine invertebrate no yes yes

Mammals no yes yes

Birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles no yes yes

Not 

applicable

Non-vascular aquatic plants yes yes yes

Vascular aquatic plants yes yes no

Terrestrial plants yes yes no

*Isoxaflutole and its degradates are not considered stressors of concern for some taxa under some durations due to 

factors including low application rates of isoxaflutole (maximum of 0.14 lb a.i./A) and resulting low estimated 

exposure concentrations, and toxicity data that indicate that isoxaflutole and its degradates will not cause effects at 

environmentally relevant exposure concentrations. Previous assessments have confirmed these assumptions. 

Animals: 

As described previously, isoxaflutole has two major environmental degradates: 202248 and 

203328. Available toxicity data for freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, saltwater fish, 

mammals, birds and terrestrial invertebrates indicate that these chemicals do not cause mortality 

on an acute exposure basis at environmentally relevant exposure levels. Therefore, given the 

low application rates and resulting relatively low expected exposure values for isoxaflutole 

and degradates 202248 and 203328, they are not expected to be of concern to freshwater 

fish, freshwater invertebrates, saltwater fish, mammals, birds and terrestrial invertebrates 

on an acute exposure basis.

Acute toxicity data for estuarine/marine invertebrates indicate that isoxaflutole is of concern for 

this taxa; however, available toxicity data for estuarine/marine invertebrates indicate that 

degradates 202248 and 203328 are orders of magnitude less toxic to this taxa. Therefore, on an 

acute exposure basis, only parent isoxaflutole is a stressor of concern for estuarine/marine 

invertebrates.
Page 20 of 63

Available toxicity data for estuarine/marine invertebrates exposed to isoxaflutole indicate that 

this chemical has the potential to cause effects to this taxon on a chronic exposure basis. No 

additional chronic toxicity data are available for aquatic animals exposed to isoxaflutole. Also, 

there are no chronic toxicity data available for aquatic animals exposed to degradates 202248 and 

203328. Because isoxaflutole is not persistent in the environment (i.e., environmental halflives are days), chronic exposures are not a primary concern. Therefore, EFED presumes 

that only degradates 202248 and 203328 may be of concern to aquatic animals on a chronic 

exposure basis.

Chronic toxicity data available for mammals indicate that isoxaflutole may cause effects to 

mammals. No toxicity data are available for mammals exposed to degradates 202248 and 

203328 on a chronic exposure basis. Also, no toxicity data are available for birds exposed to 

isoxaflutole and degradate 203328 on a chronic exposure basis. Available toxicity data for 

degradate 202248 indicate that no effects to bobwhite quail were observed at the highest 

treatment level; however because data have not been submitted for the mallard duck, insufficient 

data are available to eliminate degradate 202248 as a stressor of concern. Because isoxaflutole 

is not persistent in the environment (i.e., environmental half-lives are days), isoxaflutole is 

not considered to be a stressor of concern for chronic exposures. Therefore, EFED 

presumes that degradates 202248 and 203328 may be of concern to terrestrial animals on a 

chronic exposure basis.

Plants:

Available toxicity data for plants indicate that isoxaflutole may cause effects to non-vascular and 

vascular aquatic plants. Although degradate 202248 is an order of magnitude less toxic when 

compared to isoxaflutole, it has the potential to cause effects to non-vascular and vascular 

aquatic plants. Toxicity data for degradate 203328 indicate that it is also an order of magnitude 

less toxic to non-vascular plants when compared to isoxaflutole; however, for vascular aquatic 

plants, this degradate is orders of magnitude less toxic. Therefore, for non-vascular aquatic 

plants, the stressors of concern are isoxaflutole and degradates 202248 and 203328. For 

vascular aquatic plants, the stressors of concern are isoxaflutole and degradate 202248.

Toxicity data indicate that isoxaflutole has the potential to impact the seedling emergence and 

vegetative vigor of terrestrial plants. Available data also indicate that the toxicity of degradate 

202248 to plants is similar to that of the parent. Seedling emergence and vegetative vigor data 

for degradate 203328 indicate that this degradate does not impact terrestrial plants at 0.14 lb 

a.i./A, which is equivalent to the highest application rate of isoxaflutole (assuming 100% 

conversion to degradate 203328). Therefore, for terrestrial plants, the stressors of concern 

are isoxaflutole and degradate 202248.

Mixtures:

Evaluation of pesticide mixtures is beyond the scope of this assessment because of the myriad 

factors that cannot be quantified based on the available data. Those factors include identification 

of other possible co-contaminants and their concentrations, differences in the pattern and 

duration of exposure among contaminants, and the differential effects of other physical/chemical 
Page 21 of 63

characteristics of the receiving waters (e.g. organic matter present in sediment and suspended 

water). Evaluation of factors that could influence additivity/synergism is beyond the scope of 

this assessment and the capabilities of the available data to allow for an evaluation. However, it 

is acknowledged that not considering mixtures could over- or under-estimate risks depending on 

the type of interaction and factors discussed above. The assessment will, however, analyze the 

toxicity of formulated products (including formulations involving more than one active 

ingredient) and will determine whether formulated products are more toxic than the technical 

grade active ingredient data used for assessing both direct and indirect risks.

9.2. Measures of Exposure 

In order to estimate risks of isoxaflutole exposures in aquatic and terrestrial environments, all 

exposure modeling and resulting risk conclusions will be based on maximum application rates

and methods cited in Section 4.2 and will be estimated for each use of isoxaflutole. Measures of 

exposure are based on aquatic and terrestrial models that predict estimated environmental 

concentrations (EECs) of isoxaflutole. The models used to predict aquatic EECs are the 

Pesticide Root Zone Model coupled with the Exposure Analysis Modeling System 

(PRZM/EXAMS). The model used to predict terrestrial EECs on food items is the Terrestrial 

Residue Exposure (T-REX). The model used to derive EECs relevant to terrestrial and wetland 

plants is TerrPlant. These models are parameterized using relevant reviewed environmental fate 

data from registrant submissions and the literature; model input values will be consistent with the 

most recent version of the input parameter guidance.

3

PRZM (currently version 3.12.2; 5/15/05) and EXAMS (currently version 2.98.04.06; 4/25/05) 

are simulation models coupled with the linkage program shell: PE (PRZM EXAMS Model Shell; 

v5.0; 11/15/06), which incorporates the standard scenarios developed by EFED. The models 

generate daily exposures and calculated 1-in-10 year EECs of isoxaflutole residues of concern

that may occur in surface water bodies adjacent to application sites. PRZM simulates pesticide 

fate and transport as a result of leaching, direct spray drift, runoff and erosion from an 

agricultural field, and EXAMS estimates environmental fate and transport of pesticides in a 

surface water body for a 30-year period. The combined model is designed to estimate pesticide 

concentrations found in water (standard pond) at the edge of the treated field. As such, it 

provides high-end values of the pesticide concentrations that might be found in ecologically 

sensitive environments following pesticide application. The location of the field is specific to the 

crop being simulated using site-specific information on the soils, weather, cropping, and 

management factors associated with the scenario. The crop/location scenario is intended to 

represent a high-end exposure site on which the crop is normally grown. Based on historical 

rainfall patterns, the receiving water body receives multiple runoff events during the years 

simulated. Weather and agricultural practices are simulated for 30 years so that the 10-year 

exceedance probability at the site can be estimated. The simulation is generated using 30 years 

of meteorological data, encompassing the years from 1961 to 1990. Additional information on 

these models can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm. 

 

3 Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides, Version 

2.1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects 

Division. 2009.
Page 22 of 63

The standard scenarios used for ecological pesticide assessments assume application to a 10-

hectare agricultural field that drains into an adjacent 1-hectare water body that is 2 meters deep 

(20,000 m3volume) with no outlet. PRZM/EXAMS is used to estimate screening-level exposure 

of aquatic organisms to isoxaflutole. The measure of exposure for aquatic species is the 1-in-10 

year return peak or rolling mean concentration. The 1-in-10 year peak is used for estimating 

acute exposures of direct effects to aquatic organisms. The 1-in-10-year 60-day mean is used for 

assessing chronic exposure to fish and aquatic-phase amphibians. The 1-in-10-year 21-day mean 

is used for assessing chronic exposure to aquatic invertebrates.

Exposure estimates for terrestrial animals assumed to be in the target area or in an area exposed 

to spray drift are derived using the T-REX model (version 1.4.1, 10/09/2008). This model 

incorporates the Kenega nomograph, as modified by Fletcher et al. (1994), which is based on a 

large set of field residue data. The upper limit values from the nomograph represent the upper 

bound of residue values from actual field measurements (Hoerger and Kenega 1972). The 

Fletcher et al. (1994) modifications to the Kenega nomograph are based on measured field 

residues from 249 published research papers, including information on 118 species of plants, 121 

pesticides, and 17 chemical classes. 

EECs for terrestrial plants inhabiting dry and wetland areas are derived using TerrPlant (version 

1.2.2, 12/26/2006). This model uses estimates of pesticides in runoff and in spray drift to 

calculate EECs. EECs are based upon solubility, application rate and minimum incorporation 

depth. 

Available monitoring data will be used to qualitatively characterize exposure and compare with 

modeling results. The Agency is aware of monitoring conducted by Federal and state agencies 

and this route of exposure will be considered in the assessment to the extent that data on 

isoxaflutole are available.

Two spray drift models, AgDisp and AgDRIFT are used to assess exposures of terrestrial plants 

to isoxaflutole deposited in terrestrial habitats by spray drift. AgDisp (version 8.13; dated 

12/14/2004) (Teske and Curbishley 2003) is used to simulate aerial and ground applications. 

AgDrift (version 2.01; dated 5/24/2001) is used to simulate spray blast applications to orchard 

crops.

9.3. Measures of Effect

Ecological effect data are used as measures of direct and indirect effects to biological receptors. 

Data were obtained from registrant-submitted studies or from literature studies identified by 

ECOTOX. The ECOTOXicology database (ECOTOX) was searched in order to provide more 

ecological effects data to bridge existing data gaps. ECOTOX is a source for locating single 

chemical toxicity data and potential chemical mixture toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial 

plants, and wildlife. ECOTOX was created and is maintained by the USEPA, Office of Research 

and Development, and the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's 

Mid-Continent Ecology Division (USEPA 2007).
Page 23 of 63

Information on the potential effects of isoxaflutole on non-target animals is also collected from 

the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS; USEPA 2007b). The EIIS is a database 

containing adverse effect (typically mortality) reports on non-target organisms where such 

effects have been associated with the use of pesticides. 

Where available, sublethal effects observed in both registrant-submitted and open literature 

studies will be evaluated qualitatively. Such effects have included behavioral changes (e.g., 

lethargy, changes in coloration and olfaction effects). Quantitative assessments of risks, though, 

are limited to those endpoints that can be directly linked to the Agency‟s assessment endpoints of 

impaired survival, growth and reproduction.

The assessment of risk for direct effects to non-target organisms makes the assumption that 

toxicity of isoxaflutole to birds is similar to terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles. The same 

assumption is made for fish and aquatic-phase amphibians. 

The acute measures of effect used for animals in this screening-level assessment are the LD50, 

LC50 and EC50. LD stands for "Lethal Dose", and LD50 is the amount of a material, given all at 

once, that is estimated to cause the death of 50% of the test organisms. LC stands for “Lethal 

Concentration” and LC50 is the concentration of a chemical that is estimated to kill 50% of the 

test organisms. EC stands for “Effective Concentration” and the EC50 is the concentration of a 

chemical that is estimated to produce a specific effect in 50% of the test organisms. Endpoints 

for chronic measures of exposure for listed and non-listed animals are the NOAEL/NOAEC and 

NOEC. NOAEL stands for “No Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level” and refers to the highest tested 

dose of a substance that has been reported to have no harmful (adverse) effects on test 

organisms. The NOAEC (i.e., “No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Concentration”) is the highest test 

concentration at which none of the observed effects were statistically different from the control. 

The NOEC is the No-Observed-Effects-Concentration. For non-listed plants, only acute 

exposures are assessed (i.e., EC25 for terrestrial plants and EC50 for aquatic plants); for listed 

plants, either the NOAEC or EC05 is used. 

9.4. Integration of Exposure and Effects

Risk characterization is the integration of exposure and ecological effects characterization to 

determine the potential ecological risk from the use of isoxaflutole on crops listed in Section 4.2

and the likelihood of direct and indirect effects to non-target organisms in aquatic and terrestrial 

habitats. The exposure and toxicity effects data are integrated in order to evaluate the risks of 

adverse ecological effects on non-target species. For the assessment of isoxaflutole risks, the 

risk quotient (RQ) method is used to compare exposure and measured toxicity values. EECs are 

divided by acute and chronic toxicity values. The resulting RQs are then compared to the 

Agency‟s LOCs (USEPA 2004). These criteria are used to indicate when isoxaflutole‟s uses, as 

directed on the label, have the potential to cause adverse direct or indirect effects to non-target 

organisms. As noted previously, where data are lacking on the toxicity of isoxaflutole, risk will 

be presumed.

 

The quantitative assessment of risk will primarily depend on the deterministic point-estimate 

based approach described in the risk assessment. An effort will be made to further qualitatively 
Page 24 of 63

describe risk using probabilistic tools that the Agency has developed. These tools have been 

reviewed by FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panels and have been deemed as appropriate means of 

refining assessments where deterministic approaches have identified risks.

9.5. Endangered Species Assessments

Consistent with the Agency‟s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the 

Agency will evaluate risks to Federally-listed threatened and/or endangered (listed) species from 

registered uses of isoxaflutole. This assessment will be conducted in accordance with the 

Overview Document (USEPA 2004), provisions of the ESA, and the Services‟ Endangered 

Species Consultation Handbook (USFWS/NMFS 1998).

The assessment of effects associated with the registration of isoxaflutole is based on an action 

area. The action area is considered to be the area directly or indirectly affected by the federal 

action, as indicated by the exceedance of Agency LOCs used to evaluate direct or indirect 

effects. The Agency‟s approach to defining the action area under the provisions of the Overview 

Document (USEPA 2004) considers the results of the risk assessment process to establish 

boundaries for that action area with the understanding that exposures below the Agency‟s 

defined LOCs constitute a no-effect threshold. For the purposes of this assessment, attention will 

be focused on the footprint of the action (i.e., the area where isoxaflutole application occurs), 

plus all areas where offsite transport may result in potential exposure that exceeds the Agency‟s 

LOCs. Specific measures of ecological effect that define the action area for listed species 

include any direct and indirect effects and/or potential modification of its critical habitat, 

including reduction in survival, growth, and reproduction as well as the full suite of sub-lethal 

effects available in the effects literature. Therefore, the action area extends to a point where 

environmental exposures are below any measured lethal or sub-lethal effect threshold for any 

biological entity at the whole organism, organ, tissue, and/or cellular level of organization. In 

situations where it is not possible to determine the threshold for an observed effect, the action 

area is not spatially limited and is assumed to be the entire United States.

9.6. Drinking Water Assessment

In order to bring the drinking water assessment up to date with current data, simulation models 

and guidance, a new drinking water exposure assessment will be conducted to support future 

human health dietary risk assessments of isoxaflutole. The drinking water assessment will 

incorporate model estimates of isoxaflutole in surface water and ground water. Concentrations 

of isoxaflutole in surface waters will be estimated using PRZM/EXAMS (see description above).

An Estimated Drinking Water Concentration (EDWC) of isoxaflutole in groundwater will be 

estimated using the Tier I aquatic model SCIGROW (Screening Concentration in Ground Water, 

version 2.3; 8/8/2003). SCIGROW is a regression model used as a screening tool to estimate 

pesticide concentrations found in ground water used as drinking water. The output of 

SCIGROW represents the concentrations that might be expected in shallow unconfined aquifers 

under sandy soils, which is representative of the ground water most vulnerable to pesticide 

contamination likely to serve as a drinking water source.
Page 25 of 63

At this time, the Health Effects Division considers degradate 202248 to be of concern for 

humans. Therefore, estimates of exposure to this degradate through drinking water will also be 

estimated for both ground water and surface water.

The drinking water assessment will also include available surface and ground water monitoring 

data with consideration of changes in use patterns that may have occurred. States are encouraged 

to submit monitoring data for review.

10. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

As required under FFDCA section 408(p), EPA has developed the Endocrine Disruptor 

Screening Program (EDSP) to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide active 

and other ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect produced by

a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may 

designate.” The EDSP employs a two-tiered approach to making the statutorily required 

determinations. Tier 1 consists of a battery of 11 screening assays to identify the potential of a 

chemical substance to interact with the estrogen, androgen, and or thyroid (E, A, or T) hormonal 

systems. Chemicals that go through Tier 1 screening and are found to have the potential to 

interact with E, A, or T hormonal systems will proceed to the next stage of the EDSP where EPA 

will determine which, if any, of the Tier 2 tests are necessary based on the available data. Tier 2 

testing is designed to identify any adverse endocrine related effects caused by the substance, and 

establish a dose-response relationship between the dose and the E, A, or T effect.

Between October 2009 and February 2010, EPA issued test orders/data call-ins for the first 

group of 67 chemicals, which contains 58 pesticide active ingredients and 9 inert ingredients. 

This list of chemicals was selected based on the potential for human exposure through pathways 

such as food and water, residential activity, and certain post-application agricultural scenarios. 

This list should not be construed as a list of known or likely endocrine disruptors.

Isoxaflutole is not among the group of 58 pesticide active ingredients receiving EDSP test 

orders. For information on the status of the orders issued under the EDSP for each chemical, 

please visit our website at http://www.epa.gov/endo/ and click on the "Status of EDSP 

Orders/DCIs" in the Highlights Box. Additional information on the EDSP, including the policies 

and procedures, the list of 67 chemicals, the test guidelines and the Tier 1 screening battery, can 

also be found at this website.

11. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps 

11.1. Fate

The environmental fate database for isoxaflutole parent is almost complete. However, an aerobic 

aquatic metabolism study and an aerobic soil metabolism study (with four soils) are needed. 

Table 9 lists the studies submitted under each environmental fate guideline and identifies 

existing data gaps.
Page 26 of 63

Table 9. Available environmental fate data for parent isoxaflutole and remaining data gaps.

158

Guideline

(OPPTS)

Description MRID Classification Data 

Gap? Comments

835.1240

(163-1)

Leaching 43588008 Acceptable No

835.1230

(163-1)

Adsorption/Desorption 43588009

43940301

44065801

44291503

46801704

48108101

48108102

48108103

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

No

835.1410

(163-2)

Laboratory Volatility 43573208 Acceptable No

835.2120

(161-1)

Hydrolysis 43573254 Acceptable No

835.2240

(161-2)

Photodegradation in 

water

43588004 Acceptable No

835.2370

(161-4)

Photodegradation in air 43588005

45658805

Acceptable

Acceptable

No

835.2410 

(161-3)

Photodegradation on 

soil

43588005 Acceptable No

835.4100

(162-1)

Aerobic soil metabolism 43588006

45658804

Supplemental

Supplemental

Yes Study results were not based 

on analysis of four soils.

835.4200

(162-2)

Anaerobic soil 

metabolism

No Data N/A No Additional data are not 

expected to change risk 

conclusions.

835.4300

(162-4)

Aerobic aquatic 

metabolism

No Data N/A Yes

835.4400

(162-3)

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism

43588007 Acceptable No

835.6100

(164-1)

Terrestrial Field 

Dissipation

43904838

44092101

44291504

44291505

45658806

45658807

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

No

835.6200

(164-2)

Aquatic Field 

Dissipation

No Data N/A No Herbicide is not applied 

directly to water bodies.

There have been no registrant submitted environmental fate studies for the compound‟s primary 

degradate. These data are necessary because chronic exposures are not likely to be important for 

parent chemical, but are assumed to be potentially important for the primary degradate because it 

is of toxicological concern. The following environmental fate studies are required for the RPA 

202248 degradate:
Page 27 of 63

Guideline 835.1230: Adsorption/Desorption

Guideline 835.1240: Leaching Studies

Guideline 835.4100: Aerobic Soil Metabolism

Guideline 835.4200: Anaerobic Soil Metabolism

Guideline 835.4300: Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism

Guideline 835.4400: Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism

Guideline 850.7100: Environmental Chemistry Methods for Water

11.2. Effects

Although many submissions have been made to provide data on the effects of isoxaflutole to 

aquatic and terrestrial organisms, data gaps still exist (Tables 10-12); in particular for chronic 

toxicity studies involving degradates 202248 and 203328. These data are important because 

isoxaflutole is not persistent in the environment, but its major degradates form at high levels 

relative to the parent chemical and may pose a chronic exposure concern.

Table 10. Available ecological effects data for terrestrial animals exposed to isoxaflutole and remaining data 

gaps. 

158

Guideline

(OPPTS)

Description MRID Classification Data Gap? Comments

850.2100

(71-1)

Avian oral 

toxicity

43573231 acceptable Yes – passerine 

species*

*At this time, EFED is 

not requesting data to 

fulfill this gap.

**This study was 

conducted with 

degradate 202248.

***This study was 

conducted with 

degradate 203328.

+This study was 

conducted with a 

formulated product 

containing isoxaflutole.

43573232 acceptable

850.2200

(71-2)

Avian dietary 

toxicity 

43573233 acceptable

No

43573234 acceptable

43940302** acceptable

44693501*** acceptable

850.2300

(71-4)

Avian 

reproduction 45011501** acceptable Yes – degradate 203328

850.3020

(141-1) 

Honeybee acute 

contact toxicity

43573248 acceptable

No

47114014+ supplemental

47114026+ supplemental

Avian acute oral toxicity with a passerine species

According to the 40 CFR 158, acute oral toxicity data are required for a passerine species. 

Because no acute oral toxicity data have been submitted for a passerine species exposed to 

isoxaflutole, this is a data gap. No acute oral toxicity data involving isoxaflutole or its degradates 

have been identified in the scientific literature (using ECOTOX).

Available acute oral toxicity data for birds (MRIDs 435732-31and -32) indicate that isoxaflutole 
Page 28 of 63

is classified practically non-toxic to the mallard duck and the bobwhite quail on an acute oral 

exposure basis. In addition, in two sub-acute toxicity studies with the bobwhite quail and the 

mallard duck, no mortalities were observed at the highest test levels (i.e., 4255 mg a.i./kg-food). 

In sub-acute dietary toxicity studies with bobwhite quail exposed to degradates 202248 and 

203328, no mortalities were observed (MRIDs 43940302 and 44693501), resulting in a 

classification of isoxaflutole‟s degradates as practically non-toxic to birds. In addition, no 

sublethal effects were observed in these studies.

Given the low application rate of isoxaflutole (i.e., 0.094 lb a.i./A), it is expected that the 

exposure of birds to isoxaflutole will be low. The maximum dose-based EEC calculated by TREX is 26 mg/kg-bw. This value is 2 orders of magnitude below the dose where no mortalities 

were observed in bobwhite quail and mallard ducks (i.e., 2150 mg/kg-bw; MRIDs 435732-31 

and -32). In order for isoxaflutole to pose an acute risk to birds, passerines would have to be at 

least an order of magnitude more sensitive to isoxaflutole compared to mallards and bobwhite 

quail. 

No ecological incidents involving birds exposed to isoxaflutole or its degradates have been 

identified.

Therefore, EFED is not requesting oral toxicity data for passerines exposed to isoxaflutole or its 

degradates.

Avian reproduction studies involving degradates 202248 and 203328

The Part 158 data requirements [40 CFR Part 158] specify that 2 avian reproduction studies be 

submitted a waterfowl and an upland game species in cases where the pesticide has a terrestrial 

use. In the original ERA for isoxaflutole, EFED requested chronic toxicity data for degradates 

202248 and 203328 for both the northern bobwhite quail and the mallard duck. The rationale

behind this request was that these degradates are persistent. Since isoxaflutole is not persistent in 

the environment and it is only applied once per season, avian chronic toxicity data for 

isoxaflutole are not necessary. At this time, only one acceptable study with the northern 

bobwhite quail exposed to degradate 202248 (MRID 45011501), has been submitted. In order to 

fulfill the avian reproduction guideline requirement for isoxaflutole (guideline 850.2300), the 

following studies on its degradates must be submitted: 

an avian reproduction study conducted with mallard duck exposed to degradate 202248; 

an avian reproduction study conducted with mallard duck exposed to degradate 203328; 

an avian reproduction study conducted with northern bobwhite quail exposed to 

degradate 203328. 
Page 29 of 63

Table 11. Available ecological effects data for aquatic animals exposed to isoxaflutole remaining data gaps. 

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data 

Gap?

Comments

850.1075

(72-1)

Freshwater fish –

Acute toxicity 

43573235 acceptable

No

*This study was conducted 

with degradate 202248.

**This study was conducted 

with degradate 203328.

***This study was conducted 

with a formulated product 

containing isoxaflutole.

+Studies should be conducted 

with degradates 202248 and 

203328.

43573236 acceptable

43904822* acceptable

43904825** acceptable

47114012*** invalid

47114030*** invalid

850.1075

(72-3)

Saltwater fish –

Acute toxicity 

43573238 acceptable

No

45065801* supplemental

850.1010

(72-2)

Freshwater 

invertebrates –

Acute toxicity

43573237 acceptable

No

43573241** acceptable

43904823* acceptable

47114011*** supplemental

47114029*** supplemental

850.1025

850.1035

(72-3)

Saltwater 

invertebrates –

Acute toxicity 

43573239 acceptable

No

43573240 acceptable

43904824* acceptable

44718801** acceptable

850.1300

(72-4)

Freshwater 

invertebrate –

life cycle test

none NA Yes+

850.1350

(72-4)

Saltwater 

invertebrates –

life cycle test

43904821 acceptable Yes+

850.1400

(72-4) Freshwater fish –

early life stage test none NA Yes+

850.1400

(72-4)

Saltwater fish –

early life stage test none NA Yes+

Chronic toxicity data for aquatic animals exposed to degradates 202248 and 203328

According to 40 CFR Part 158, chronic toxicity data with freshwater fish and invertebrates 

(guidelines 850.1300 and 850.1400) are required for all pesticides with terrestrial uses. 

Chronic toxicity data for saltwater fish and invertebrates are required when “studies of other 

organisms indicate the reproductive physiology of fish and/or invertebrates may be affected.” 

Since chronic toxicity studies involving saltwater invertebrates indicate that isoxaflutole affects 

reproduction endpoints of animals (MRID 43904821), chronic toxicity data are also required for 

estuarine/marine fish. As indicated previously, isoxaflutole is not persistent in the environment; 

however, degradates 202248 and 203328 are persistent. Therefore, chronic toxicity data are 

necessary for degradates 202248 and 203328. At this time, no chronic toxicity data are available 

for aquatic animals exposed to these degradates. In order to fulfill the chronic toxicity guideline 
Page 30 of 63

requirements for aquatic animals, the following studies on its degradates must be submitted:

freshwater invertebrate life cycle test (guideline 850.1300) with degradate 202248;

freshwater invertebrate life cycle test (guideline 850.1300) with degradate 203328;

freshwater fish early life stage test (guideline 850.1400) with degradate 202248;

freshwater fish early life stage test (guideline 850.1400) with degradate 203328;

saltwater invertebrate life cycle test (guideline 850.1350) with degradate 202248;

saltwater invertebrate life cycle test (guideline 850.1350) with degradate 203328;

saltwater fish early life stage test (guideline 850.1400) with degradate 202248;

saltwater fish early life stage test (guideline 850.1400) with degradate 203328.
Page 31 of 63

Table 12. Available ecological effects data for plants exposed to isoxaflutole and remaining data gaps. 

Guideline Description MRID Classification Data 

Gap?

Comments

850.4100

(122-1)

Terrestrial Plant 

toxicity: Tier 1 

seedling emergence

44399907** acceptable No *This study was conducted 

with degradate 202248.

**This study was conducted 

with degradate 203328.

***This study was conducted 

with a formulated product 

containing isoxaflutole.

+Studies should be conducted 

with degradate 202248.

++Studies should be 

conducted with degradates 

202248 and 203328.

850.4100

(123-1)

Terrestrial Plant 

toxicity: Tier 2 

seedling emergence

43573242 acceptable Yes+

44839702*** acceptable

44896902*** supplemental

47114013*** supplemental

47114032*** supplemental

850.4150

(122-1)

Terrestrial Plant 

toxicity: Tier 1 

vegetative vigor

44399906** acceptable No

850.4150

(123-1)

Terrestrial Plant 

toxicity: Tier 2 

vegetative vigor

43573242 acceptable Yes+

44399905 acceptable

44896904 acceptable

44896905 acceptable

44906501 acceptable

45535401* supplemental

45535402 supplemental

45535403 invalid

45535404 supplemental

45535405* supplemental

47114002*** supplemental

47114003*** supplemental

47114033*** acceptable

850.5400

(123-2)

Aquatic Plant 

Growth: algae

43573243 acceptable Yes

++ 43573244 acceptable

43573245 acceptable

43573247 acceptable

43904826** acceptable

44399908* acceptable

47114028*** supplemental

47114010*** supplemental

850.4400

(123-2)

Aquatic Plant 

Growth: vascular 

plants

43573246 acceptable No

44399909* acceptable

44399910** acceptable

47114009*** supplemental

47114027*** supplemental
Page 32 of 63

Seedling emergence and vegetative vigor toxicity data for degradate 202248

Past ecological risk assessments of isoxaflutole have identified risks from isoxaflutole to nontarget plants inhabiting terrestrial and semi-aquatic habitats. Since degradates 202248 and 

203328 are persistent in the environment, potential effects of these degradates on plants should 

also be considered. EFED‟s original ecological risk assessment of isoxaflutole (completed in 

1997) indicated that seedling emergence and vegetative vigor toxicity data are required for 

degradates 202248 and 203328. Toxicity data have been submitted for degradate 203328; 

however, no seedling emergence data have been submitted for degradate 202248. Supplemental

vegetative vigor data for cabbage, lettuce and turnip exposed to degradate 202248 (MRID 

45535405) indicate that the toxicity of degradate 202248 to plants is similar to that of the parent. 

In order to fulfill the guideline requirements for seedling emergence (guideline 850.4100) and 

vegetative vigor (guideline 850.4150), tier II studies with degradate 202248 must be submitted.

These studies should be submitted for the 10 plant species required by the two guidelines.

Toxicity data for aquatic non-vascular plants exposed to degradates 202248 and 203328

According to the 40 CFR Part 158, toxicity data are required for aquatic non-vascular plants 

(guidelines 850.5400) are required for all pesticides with terrestrial uses. Data are required for 4 

species of non-vascular plants, typically Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae), Navicula 

pelliculosa (freshwater diatom), Anabaena flos-aquae (blue-green algae), and Skeletonema 

costatum (marine diatom). These data have been submitted for isoxaflutole (MRIDs 43573243, 

43573244, 43573245 and 43573247, respectively). Available toxicity data for green algae 

indicate that degradates 202248 and 203328 are toxic to aquatic non-vascular plants; however, 

these degradates are an order of magnitude less toxic when compared to isoxaflutole (MRIDs

43573243, 44399909 and 44399910). Since degradates 202248 and 203328 are persistent in the 

environment and cause toxicity to aquatic non-vascular plants, the following toxicity data are 

required in order to fulfill the 850.5400 guideline requirement:

Toxicity study with N. pelliculosa (freshwater diatom) exposed to degradate 202248;

Toxicity study with N. pelliculosa (freshwater diatom) exposed to degradate 203328;

Toxicity study with A. flos-aquae (blue-green algae) exposed to degradate 202248;

Toxicity study with A. flos-aquae (blue-green algae) exposed to degradate 203328;

Toxicity study with S. costatum (marine diatom) exposed to degradate 202248;

Toxicity study with S. costatum (marine diatom) exposed to degradate 203328.

12. References 

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EPA food-chain (Kenaga) nomogram, an instrument for estimating pesticide residues on plants. 

Environ. Tox. Chem. 13:1383-1391.

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Representative Data as a Basis for Estimation of their Magnitude in the Environment. In F. 

Coulston and F. Korte, eds., Environmental Quality and Safety: Chemistry, Toxicology, and 

Technology, Georg Thieme Publ., Stuttgart, West Germany, pp. 9-28.
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USEPA. 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Office of 

Research and Development, Washington, D.C. EPA/630/R-95/002F. April 1998. 

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USEPA. 2007. ECOTOXicology Database. Office of Research and Development National 

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Division (MED). http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/.

USEPA. 2007b. Ecological Incident Information System. 

http://www.epa.gov/espp/consultation/ecorisk-overview.pdf

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1998. 

Endangered Species Consultation Handbook: Procedures for Conducting Consultation and 

Conference Activities Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Final Draft. March 

1998.

DP Barcodes 225503, 223678, 231444, 232445. Transmittal of EFED‟s registration chapter for 

isoxaflutole and EFED‟s recommendations for isoxaflutole for its use on corn. Memorandum 

from James Breithaupt, Michael Davy, David Wells and James Hetrick (EFED) to Joanne Miller 

(RD). May 2,1997.

DP Barcode 370959. Ecological Risk Assessment Addressing the “Crop Destruct” Experimental 

Use Permit (EUP) for Isoxaflutole and its End-product Balance®PRO Herbicide for use on 

Selected Soybean Varieties. Memorandum from M. Davy and W. Shaughnessy (EFED) to 

Kathryn Montague and James Stone (RD). April 16, 2010.

Environmental Fate and Ecological Effects Studies Submitted for Isoxaflutole:

62-3 Analytical Method

MRID Citation Reference
Page 34 of 63

43573202 Cousin, J. (1994) Technical RPA 201772: Analysis and Certification of Product Ingredients: Lab 

Project Number: 93-128: R&D/CRLD/AN/9416425. Unpublished study prepared by RhonePoulenc Secteur Agro. 162 p. 

43573210 Helfant, L.; Wheeler, G.; King, S. (1994) EXP 31130A: Product Chemistry: Series 62-Analysis 

and Certification of Ingredients: Lab Project Number: PC-94-008: 44534. Unpublished study 

prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co. 62 p. 

43904802 Cousin, J. (1995) Technical Isoxaflutole: Analysis and Certification of Product Ingredients: Lab 

Project Number: 95-37: R&D/CRLD/AN/9516707. Unpublished study prepared by RhonePoulenc Sectuer Agro. 118 p. 

43904803 Helfant, L. (1995) EXP 31130A Product Chemistry: Series 62--Analysis and Certification of 

Ingredients: Lab Project Number: PC-95-003: 44975. Unpublished study prepared by RhonePoulenc Ag Co. 61 p. 

44234701 Siemann, L. (1997) EXP 31430A Product Chemistry: Lab Project Number: 4589-F(01): MRIF\R4589-01: 0926-102(01). Unpublished study prepared by Midwest Research Institute. 137 p. 

44236201 Siemann, L. (1996) EXP 31498A Product Chemistry: (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 

4589-F(02): MRI-F\R4589-02. Unpublished study prepared by Midwest Research Institute. 147 

p. Relates to letter L0000178. 

44237201 Siemann, L. (1997) EXP 31499A Product Chemistry: Lab Project Number: 4589-F(03): MRIF\R4589-03: RHONE-POULENC/4589-F(03). Unpublished study prepared by Midwest 

Research Institute. 147 p. 

44525501 Fontaine, L. (1998) Product Chemistry of FOE 5043 + Isoxaflutole 58 DF: Lab Project Number: 

108241: 108230: 108223. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Corp. 135 p. {OPPTS 

830.1550, 830.1600, 830.1620, 830.1650, 830.1670, 830.1700, 830.1750, 830.6302, 830.6303, 

830.6320, 830.7000, 830.7300, 830.1900} 

44688802 Cousin, J. (1998) Technical Isoxaflutole Analysis of Batches from Kemira and Certification: 

Lab Project Number: 97-175: R&D-CRLD-AN-9716864. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone 

Poulenc Agro. 105 p. {OPPTS 830.1700, 830.1750, 830.1800} 

44688804 Emeric, G. (1998) Technical Isoxaflutole Analysis of Batches from Eastman: Lab Project 

Number: 98-01: R&D-CRLD-AN-9816537. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone Poulenc 

Agro. 91 p. {OPPTS 830.1700, 830.1750, 830.1800} 

44787601 Cookinham, J. (1999) Balance 4 SC Product Chemistry: Lab Project Number: 5376-F: 0928-

054. Unpublished study prepared by Midwest Research Institute. 120 p. {OPPTS 830.1550, 

830.1600, 830.1650, 830.1670, 830.1700, 830.1750, 830.1800, 830.6302, 830.6303, 830.6304, 

830.7300, 830.7000, 830.6314, 830.6315} 

45352901 Fontaine, L. (2000) Product Chemistry of FOE 5043 + Isoxaflutole 65 DF: Lab Project Number: 

TM C-12.33.02: 109527: 109516. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Corp. 101 p. {OPPTS 

830.1550, 830.1600, 830.1650, 830.1750, 830.1800, 830.6303, 830.7000, 830.7300} 

45352902 Fontaine, L. (2000) Product Chemistry of FOE 5043 + Isoxaflutole 71.5 DF: Lab Project 

Number: TM C-12.33.02: 109528: 109517. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Corp. 92 p. 

{OPPTS 830.1550, 830.1600, 830.1650, 830.1670, 830.1750, 830.1800, 830.6303, 830.7000, 

830.7300} 

46295701 Mitchell, H. (2004) Product Chemistry of Flufenacet & Isoxaflutole SC Herbicide. Project 

Number: 5125162/1, 3414977/1, BR/2321. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Corp. 238 p.

47114001 Mitchell, H. (2007) Product Chemistry of SC 465 Herbicide. Project Number: BR/2554, 

ANR/01807, RM/G01437. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer CropScience LP. 282 p.
Page 35 of 63

47114022 Mitchell, H. (2007) Product Chemistry of SC 480 Herbicide. Project Number: BR/2556, 

FOR0873/PC/01, FTA06/019. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Corp. 249 p.

161-1 Hydrolysis

MRID Citation Reference

43573254 Corgier, M.; Robin, J.; Plewa, A. (1994) (Carbon 14)-RPA 201772 Hydrolysis: Lab Project 

Number: 93-180: R&D/CRLD/AN/9415453. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc 

Secteur Agro. 98 p. 

161-2 Photodegradation-water

MRID Citation Reference

43588004 Corgier, M.; Plewa, A. (1995) (Carbon 14)-RPA 201772 (Isoxaflutole): Photodegradation in 

Water: Lab Project Number: 94-11: R&D/CRLD/AN/9416822. Unpublished study prepared by 

Rhone-Poulenc Secteur Agro. 135 p. 

161-3 Photodegradation-soil

MRID Citation Reference

43588005 Ferreira, E. (1994) RPA 201772: Soil Photolysis: Lab Project Number: P93/122. Unpublished 

study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture Ltd. 77 p. 

45658805 Ferreira, E.; Bullus, C.; Jones, M.; et al. (1996) RPA 201772: Rate of Degradation Under 

Aerobic Conditions in Three Soil Types: Lab Project Number: P 94/093: B003827: 201036. 

Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture Limited. 138 p. 

162-1 Aerobic soil metabolism

MRID Citation Reference

43588006 Ferreira, E.; Jones, M.; Newby, S. (1994) RPA 201772: Aerobic Soil Metabolism: Lab Project 

Number: P 92-332. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture Ltd. 79 p. 

45658804 Burr, C. (1996) Herbicides: Isoxaflutole Route of Degradation (Aerobic Metabolism) in One 

Soil: Final Report: Lab Project Number: P 94/094: B003826: 2001142. Unpublished study 

prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture Limited. 87 p. 

162-3 Anaerobic aquatic metabolism

MRID Citation Reference
Page 36 of 63

43588007 Burr, C.; Jones, M.; Newby, S. (1995) RPA 201772: Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism: Lab 

Project Number: P 93-045: 200730. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture 

Ltd. 145 p. 

163-1 Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID Citation Reference

43588008 Newby, S.; Godward, P.; Jones, M. (1995) RPA 201772: Aged Leaching Study in Four Soils 

and a Sediment: Lab Project Number: P93/124: 200778. Unpublished study prepared by RhonePoulenc Agriculture Ltd. 88 p. 

43588009 Burr, C.; Newby, S. (1993) RPA 201772: Adsorption/Desorption To and From Four Soils and an 

Aquatic Sediment: Lab Project Number: P93/085. Unpublished study prepared by RhonePoulenc Agriculture Ltd. 74 p. 

43940301 Burr, C. (1995) RPA 202248: Adsorption/Desorption to and from Four Soils: Lab Project 

Number: 200995: P 95/062. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture Ltd. 69 

p. 

44065801 Burr, C. (1996) (Carbon 14)-RPA 202248: Adsorption/Desorption to and from Four Soils and an 

Aquatic Sediment: Lab Project Number: 11486: 201213. Unpublished study prepared by RhonePoulenc Agriculture Ltd. 124 p. 

44291503 Burr, C. (1996) (Carbon 14)-RPA 203328: Absorption/Desorption to and from Four Soils and a 

Sediment: Lab Project Number: 11487: 201220. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc 

Agriculture Ltd. 113 p. 

46801704

48108101

48108102

48108103

Mills, E.; Simmonds, M. (2004) (Carbon 14)-RPA 203328: Adsorption/Desorption in Five Soils. 

Project Number: C040534, CX/03/061, MEISM001. Unpublished study prepared by Battelle 

Agrifood, Ltd. 105 p.

Mills, E., Simmonds, M.: (14C)-RPA 203328: Adsorption/desorption in five soils; Battele 

Agrifood Ltd., Ongar, Essex, United Kingdom; Report No., CX/03/061; Doc. No., M-229091-

01-02; May 24, 2010;105 p.

Lowden, P., Cooper, I.. Simmons, M., (14C)-RPA 201772; Adsorption/desorption to and from 

four soils and an aquatic sediment – Addendum report; Battelle Agrifood Ltd., Ongar, Essex, 

United Kingdom; Report No., M-252160402-2; April 08,2004; 35 p.

Lowden, P., Cooper, I.. Simmons, M., (14C)-RPA 202248; Adsorption/desorption to and from 

four soils and an aquatic sediment – Addendum report; Battelle Agrifood Ltd., Ongar, Essex, 

United Kingdom; Report No., C038598; Doc. No. M-251580-01-1; January 23, 2004; 24 p.

164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID Citation Reference
Page 37 of 63

43904838 Chancey, E. (1995) A Terrestrial Soil Dissipation Study with Isoxaflutole (RPA 201772): Lab 

Project Number: US93701R: 44947: US93701. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc 

Ag Co. 2205 p. 

44092101 Chancey, E. (1996) Supplemental Data in Support of the Study Titled "A Terrestrial Soil 

Dissipation Study with Isoxaflutole (RPA 201772)": Final Report: Lab Project Number: 

96707940: 45111. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co. 362 p. 

44291504 Cappy, J. (1997) A Terrestrial Soil Dissipation Study with Isoxaflutole (RPA 201772): 

Supplemental Data...(for)...MRID 43904838. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Ag 

Co. 13 p. 

44291505 Gatzweiler, E. (1996) Summary of RPA 201772 Terrestrial Field Soil Dissipation Study on Four 

European Soils: Lab Project Number: 201044. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc 

Agro. 10 p. 

45658806 Hardy, I. (2001) Isoxaflutole: Kinetic Modelling Analysis of a European Terrestrial Field Soil 

Dissipation Study: Lab Project Number: CX01033/: CX1033A: C015653. Unpublished study 

prepared by Battelle AgriFood, Ltd. 44 p. 

45658807 Hardy, I. (2002) Isoxaflutole: Kinetic Modelling Analysis of Data from Laboratory Aerobic Soil 

Degradation Studies: Lab Project Number: 29056: CX/01/037: C015654. Unpublished study 

prepared by Battelle AgriFood, Ltd. 53 p. 

71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

43573231 Pedersen, C.; Thompson, S. (1994) RPA 201772 Technical: 14-Day Acute 

Oral LD50 Study in Bobwhite Quail: Lab Project Number: 108-025-03. 

Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Inc. 50 p. 

43573232 Pedersen, C.; Thompson, S. (1994) RPA 201772 Technical: 14-Day Acute 

Oral LD50 Study in Mallard Ducks: Lab Project Number: 108-026-04. 

Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Inc. 50 p. 

71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

43573233 Pedersen, C. (1994) RPA 201772 Technical: 8-Day Acute Dietary LC50 

Study in Bobwhite Quail: Lab Project Number: 108-023-01. Unpublished 

study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Inc. 146 p. 

43573234 Pedersen, C. (1994) RPA 201772 Technical: 8-Day Acute Dietary LC50 

Study in Mallard Ducklings: Lab Project Number: 108-024-02. Unpublished 

study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Inc. 132 p. 

43940302 Rodgers, M. (1995) RPA 202248: Subacute Dietary Toxicity (LC50) to the 

Bobwhite Quail: Lab Project Number: RNP 479: RNP 479/952517. 
Page 38 of 63

Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 51 p. 

44693501 Gallagher, S.; Grimes, J.; Beavers, J. et al. (1998) RPA 203328: A Dietary 

LC50 Study with the Northern Bobwhite: Lab Project Number: 171-137. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 67 p. 

71-4 Avian Reproduction

MRID Citation Reference

45011501 Brewer, L.; Taliaferro, M.; Miller, V. (1999) The Reproductive Toxicity Test 

of RPA-202248 with the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): Final 

Report: Lab Project Number: 029809. Unpublished study prepared by EBA, 

Inc. 321 p. Relates to L0000509. 

72-1 850.1075 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID Citation Reference

43573235 Bettencourt, M. (1993) RPA 201772--Acute Toxicity to Bluegill Sunfish 

(Lepomis macrochirus) Under Flow-through Conditions: Final Report: Lab 

Project Number: 10566.0493.6283.105: 93-8-4886. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 72 p. 

43573236 Bettencourt, M. (1993) RPA 201772--Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Flow-through Conditions: Final Report: Lab 

Project Number: 10566.0493.6284.108: 93-7-4860. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 73 p. 

43904822 Mc Elligott, A. (1995) RPA 202248: Acute Toxicity (96 Hours) to Rainbow 

Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Semi-Static Conditions: Lab Project 

Number: SA 95141. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc 

Agrochimie. 51 p. 

43904825 Machado, M. (1995) RPA 203328--Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Flow-Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab 

Project Number: 95-5-5861: 10566.0194.6328.108. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 71 p. 

47114012 Grade, R.; Wydra, V. (2006) Acute Toxicity of Thiencarbazone-Methyl + 

Isoxaflutole + (Inert Ingredient) SC (90 + 225 + 150 g/L) Formulation to 

Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a 96-Hour Static Test: Final 

Report. Project Number: 30173230, M/278096/01/1. Unpublished study 

prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON. 56 p.

47114030 Nieden, D. (2007) Acute Toxicity of Cyprosulfamide & Isoxaflutole SC 

240+240 to Fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Static Conditions. Project 

Number: EBUBP107, E/280/3207/2, 01001. Unpublished study prepared by 

Bayer Ag, Institute of Product Info. & Residue Analysis. 56 p.

72-2 850.1010 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates
Page 39 of 63

MRID Citation Reference

43573237 Putt, A. (1993) RPA 201772--Acute Toxicity to Daphnids (Daphnia magna) 

Under Flow-through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 

10566.0493.6285.115: 93-7-4873. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn 

Labs, Inc. 75 p. 

43573241 Putt, A. (1994) RPA 203328--Acute Toxicity to Daphnids (Daphnia magna) 

Under Flow-through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 94-7-

5370: 10566.0194.6329.115. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn 

Labs, Inc. 67 p. 

43904823 Mc Elligott, A. (1995) RPA 202248: Acute Toxicity (48 Hours) to Daphnids 

(Daphnia magna) Under Semi-Static Conditions: Amended: Lab Project 

Number: SA 95142. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc 

Agrochimie. 51 p. 

47114011 Grade, R.; Wydra, V. (2006) Acute Toxicity of Thiencarbazone-Methyl + 

Isoxaflutole + (Inert Ingredient) SC (90 +225 + 150 g/L) Formulation to 

Daphnia magna in a 48-Hour Immobilization Test: Final Report. Project 

Number: 30172220. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische 

Analytik und Consulting IBACON. 58 p.

47114029 Burns, E. (2007) Acute Toxicity of [inert ingredient] & Isoxaflutole SC 240 + 

240 to the Waterflea Daphnia magna in a Static Laboratory Test System-Limit 

Test. Project Number: E/320/3163/8, EBUBP106, 01001. Unpublished study 

prepared by Bayer Ag, Institute of Product Info. & Residue Anal. 48 p.

72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID Citation Reference

43573238 Bettencourt, M. (1994) RPA 201772--Acute Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow 

(Cyprinodon variegatus) Under Flow-through Conditions: Final Report: Lab 

Project Number: 94-5-5261: 10566.0194.6320.505. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 81 p. 

43573239 Dionne, E. (1994) RPA 201772--Acute Toxicity to Eastern Oyster 

(Crassostrea virginica) Under Flow-through Conditions: Final Report: Lab 

Project Number: 94-6-5292: 10566.0194.6321.504. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 86 p. 

43573240 Bettencourt, M. (1994) RPA 201772--Acute Toxicity to Mysid Shrimp 

(Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow-through Conditions: Amended Final Report: 

Lab Project Number: 94-6-5312: 10566.0194.6319.515. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 82 p. 

43904824 Collins, M. (1995) RPA 202248--Acute Toxicity to Mysids (Mysidopsis 

bahia) Under Static Renewal Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 

95-12-6271: 10566.0895.6369.510. Unpublished study prepared by 

Springborn Labs, Inc. 68 p. 

44718801 Sousa, J. (1998) RPA 203328--Acute Toxicity to Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) 

Under Static Acute Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98-10-
Page 40 of 63

7528: 10566.0797.6436.510. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn 

Laboratories, Inc. 62 p. 

45065801 Machado, M. (2000) RPA 202248--Acute Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow 

(Cyprinodon variegatus) Under Static Conditions: Lab Project Number: 

10566.6574. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 54 p. 

72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID Citation Reference

43904821 Sousa, J. (1995) Isoxaflutole--Chronic Toxicity to Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) 

Under Flow-Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 95-8-

6017: 10566.1294.6352.530.. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn 

Labs, Inc. 109 p. 

72-6 Aquatic Field Study

46081105 Liu, A.; Abbott, P.; Murray, C. (2003) Degradation of [Phenyl-U-(Carbon 14)] 

- RPA 202248 in an Outdoor Aquatic Microcosm System. Project Number: 

605Y7. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer CropScience LP. 94 p.

122-1 Seed Germination/Seedline Emergence and Vegetable Vigor

MRID Citation Reference

44291501 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 201772--Determination of Effects on Seed 

Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Vegetative Vigor of Ten Plant 

Species: Supplemental Report to MRID 43573242: Lab Project Number: 

94-4-5234: 10566.0194.6326.610. Unpublished study prepared by 

Springborn Labs, Inc. 77 p. 

44399906 Teixeira, D. (1997) RPA 203328--Determination of Effects on Vegetative 

Vigor of Ten Plant Species: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-7082: 

10566.0797.6442.610: 072997/VV/RPA-203328. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 139 p. 

44399907 Teixeira, D. (1997) RPA 203328--Determination of Effects on Seedling 

Emergence of Ten Plant Species: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-

7068: 10566.0797.6440.610: 072997/FIFRA/SE/RPA-203328. Unpublished 

study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 137 p. 

44896903 Ortego, L. (1999) Balance Terrestrial Plant Testing (Vegetative Vigor) and 

Revised Risk Assessment: Lab Project Number: LSO/0899-VV. 

Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co. 8 p. 

45535401 Teixeira, D. (2000) RPA 202248--Determination of Effects on Vegetative 

Vigor Screening of Three Plant Species Sprayed at Low Volume: Final 

Report: Lab Project Number: 10566.0498.6491.610: 98-6-7376. 

Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 68 p. 
Page 41 of 63

45535402 Teixeira, D. (2000) RPA 201772--Determination of Effects on Vegetative 

Vigor Screening of Three Plant Species Sprayed at Low Volume: Final 

Report: Lab Project Number: B002879: 98-6-7368: 10566.0498.6489.610. 

Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 66 p. 

45535403 Hoberg, J. (2001) Supplement Report to RPA 201772--Determination of 

Effects on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor of 

Ten Plant Species: Lab Project Number: 94-4-5234: 10566.0194.6326.610: 

011056. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 137 

p. 

45535404 Teixeira, D. (1998) RPA 201772--Determination of Effects on Vegetative 

Vigor of Three Plant Species: Final Report: Lab Project Number: B003489: 

98-6-7370: 10566.0498.6490.610. Unpublished study prepared by 

Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 65 p. 

45535405 Teixeira, D. (1998) RPA 202248--Determination of Effects on Vegetative 

Vigor of Three Plant Species: Final Report: Lab Project Number: B003490: 

98-7-7385: 10566.0498.6492.610. Unpublished study prepared by 

Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 67 p. 

850.4100 Terrestrial plant toxicity, Tier 1 (seeding emergence)

MRID Citation Reference

47114013 Bach, F.; Pallett, K. (2007) Higher Tier Non Target Terrestrial Plant Study on 

the Seedling Emergence and Growth of 3 Plant Species Under Semi-Field 

Conditions: The Phytotoxic Effects of BYH 18636 + Isoxaflutole +(Inert 

Ingredient) SC 90 + 225 + 150 ( TCM+IFT+CSA SC 90 + 225 + 150 G). 

Project Number: HT06/055, EBGSP083. Unpublished study prepared by 

Bayer Cropscience Gmbh. 137 p.

123-1, 850.4225 , 850.4250 Tier II

Seed germination/seedling emergence and vegetative vigor

MRID Citation Reference

43573242 Hoberg, J. (1994) RPA 201772--Determination of Effects on Seed 

Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Vegetative Vigor of Ten Plant 

Species: Lab Project Number: 94-4-5234: 10566.0194.6326.610. 

Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 347 p. 

44291501 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 201772--Determination of Effects on Seed 

Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Vegetative Vigor of Ten Plant 

Species: Supplemental Report to MRID 43573242: Lab Project Number: 

94-4-5234: 10566.0194.6326.610. Unpublished study prepared by 

Springborn Labs, Inc. 77 p. 

44399905 Teixeira, D. (1997) RPA 201772--Determination of Effects on Vegetative 

Vigor of Three Plant Species: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-

7076: 10566.0797.6432.610: 072397/EPA/610/SAND/RP/RPA 201772. 
Page 42 of 63

Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 125 p. 

44839702 Teixeira, D. (1998) Balance--Determination of Effects on Seedling 

Emergence of Nine Plant Species: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98-

11-7540: 10566.0898.6515.610. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn 

Laboratories, Inc. 155 p. 

44896901 Ortego, L. (1999) Balance Terrestrial Plant Testing-Seedling Emergence 

Summary: Lab Project Number: LSO/0899-LE. Unpublished study prepared 

by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co. 6 p. 

44896902 Chetram, R. (1999) Tier 2 Definitive Seedling Emergence Nontarget 

Phytotoxicity Study Using Balance: Lab Project Number: 99816. 

Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs. 71 p. 

44896904 Teixeira, D. (1999) Balance--Determination of Effects on Vegetative Vigor 

of Three Plant Species: Lab Project Number: 15931: 10566.0698.6504.610. 

Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs. 109 p. 

44896905 Teixeira, D. (1998) RPA 201772--Determination of Effects on Vegetative 

Vigor of Three Plant Species Conducted in Sandy Loam: Final Report: Lab 

Project Number: 97-11-7139: 10566. 0797.6443.610. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Labs. 125 p. 

44906501 Chetram, R. (1999) Tier 2 Definitive Vegetative Vigor Nontarget 

Phytotoxicity Study Using Balance: Lab Project Number: 99815: 45423. 

Unpublished study prepared by ABC Laboratories California. 167 p. 

45535403 Hoberg, J. (2001) Supplement Report to RPA 201772--Determination of 

Effects on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor of 

Ten Plant Species: Lab Project Number: 94-4-5234: 10566.0194.6326.610: 

011056. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 137 

p. 

45658802 Christ, M.; Abedi, J. (2002) Effect on Vegetative Vigor of Non-Target 

Terrestrial Plants (Tier II) Isoxaflutole (Balance) Wettable Granule 75% 

w/w: Lab Project Number: 01Y732741: B003805. Unpublished study 

prepared by Aventis CropScience, USA. 125 p. 

47114002 Pallett, K.; Nguyen, D.; Gosch, H. (2006) BYH 18636 + AE 0001789 + IFT 

SC 465: Effects on Eleven Species of Non-Target Terrestrial Plants: 

Vegetative Vigour Test (Tier 2). Project Number: VV/05/064, EBGSP025. 

Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Cropscience Gmbh. 211 p.

47114003 Pallett, K.; Gosch, H.; Nguyen, D.; et al. (2006) BYH 18636 + (Inert 

Ingredient) + IFT SC 465: Effects on Eleven Species of Non-Target 

Terrestrial Plants: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test (Tier 2). 

Project Number: SE/05/063, EBGSP026. Unpublished study prepared by 

Bayer Cropscience Gmbh. 281 p.

47114032 Gosch, H.; Bach, F.; Nguyen, D. (2007) Isoxaflutole + Cyprosulfamide SC 

240 + 240 g/L Effects on Eleven Species of Non-Target Terrestrial Plants: 

Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test (Tier 2). Project Number: 

SE/06/033, EBUBP062, M/283723/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by 

Bayer Ag, Institute of Product Info. & Residue Anal. 247 p.

47114033 Sowig, P.; Gosch, H.; Bach, F.; et al. (2007) Isoxaflutole & Cyprosulfamide 

SC 240 + 240 g/L Effects on Eleven Species of Non-Target Terrestrial 

Plants: Vegetative Vigour Test (Tier 2). Project Number: VV/06/034, 
Page 43 of 63

EBUBP061, M/283816/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Ag, 

Institute of Product Info. & Residue Anal. 234 p.

122-2 Aquatic plant growth Tier I

MRID Citation Reference

43573243 Hoberg, J. (1994) RPA 201772--Toxicity to the Freshwater Green Alga, 

Selenastrum capricornutum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 93-7-4877: 

10566.0493.6286.430. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 

67 p. 

44399908 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 202248 Technical--Toxicity to the Freshwater Green 

Alga, Selenastrum capricornutum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-

7073: 10566.0797.6435.430: 012897/FIFRA/430. Unpublished study prepared 

by Springborn Labs., Inc. 69 p. 

44399909 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 202248 Technical--Toxicity to Duckweed, Lemna 

gibba: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-7066: 10566.0797.6434.410: 

060297/FIFRA/410. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 71 

p. 

44399910 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 203328 Technical--Toxicity to Duckweed, Lemna 

gibba: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-7067: 10566.0797.6441.410: 

060297/FIFRA/410. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 67 

p. 

44839703 Giddings, J. (1999) Balance 75 WDG and RPA 202248--Aquatic Plant Pool 

Study: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98-11-7538: 10566.0798.6507.310: 

AN99-718. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 167 

p. 

123-2 Aquatic plant growth

MRID Citation Reference

43573243 Hoberg, J. (1994) RPA 201772--Toxicity to the Freshwater Green Alga, 

Selenastrum capricornutum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 93-7-4877: 

10566.0493.6286.430. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 

67 p. 

43573244 Hoberg, J. (1994) RPA 201772--Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom, Navicula 

pelliculosa: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 94-4-5243: 

10566.0194.6323.440. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 

83 p. 

43573245 Hoberg, J. (1994) RPA 201772--Acute Toxicity to the Freshwater Blue-Green 

Alga, Anabaena flos-aquae: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 94-3-5207: 

10566.0194.6324.420. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 

81 p. 

43573246 Hoberg, J. (1994) RPA 201772--Toxicity to Duckweed, Lemna gibba: Final 

Report: Lab Project Number: 94-6-5319: 10566.0194.6325.410. Unpublished 
Page 44 of 63

study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 85 p. 

43573247 Hoberg, J. (1994) RPA 201772 Technical--Acute Toxicity to the Marine 

Diatom, Skeletonema costatum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 94-6-

5302: 10566.0194.6322.450. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn 

Labs, Inc. 77 p. 

43904826 Hoberg, J. (1995) RPA 203328--5-Day Toxicity to the Freshwater Green 

Alga, Selenastrum capricornutum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 95-11-

6172: 10566.0595.6367.430. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn 

Labs, Inc. 61 p. 

44399908 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 202248 Technical--Toxicity to the Freshwater Green 

Alga, Selenastrum capricornutum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-

7073: 10566.0797.6435.430: 012897/FIFRA/430. Unpublished study prepared 

by Springborn Labs., Inc. 69 p. 

44399909 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 202248 Technical--Toxicity to Duckweed, Lemna 

gibba: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-7066: 10566.0797.6434.410: 

060297/FIFRA/410. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 71 

p. 

44399910 Hoberg, J. (1997) RPA 203328 Technical--Toxicity to Duckweed, Lemna 

gibba: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97-9-7067: 10566.0797.6441.410: 

060297/FIFRA/410. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 67 

p. 

850.4400 Aquatic plant toxicity test using Lemna spp. Tiers I and II

MRID Citation Reference

47114009 Grade, R. (2006) Toxicity of Thiencarbozone-Methyl + Isoxaflutole + (Inert 

Ingredient) SC (90 + 225 + 150 g/L) Formulation to the Aquatic Plant Lemna 

gibba in a Growth Inhibition Test: Final Report. Project Number: 30174240, 

M/281518/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische 

Analytik und Consulting IBACON. 70 p.

47114027 Dorgerloh, M. (2007) Lemna gibba G3 Growth Inhibition Test with (Inert 

Ingredient) & Isoxaflutole SC 240 + 240 Under Static Conditions (spec No.: 

102000014305). Project Number: EBUBP101, E/412/3168/5, M/284141/01/1. 

Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Ag, Institute of Product Info. & 

Residue Anal. 77 p.

47114028 Dorgerloh, M. (2007) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Growth Inhibition Test 

with Cyprosulfamide & Isoxaflutole SC 480 (240 + 240) G: CSA & IFT SC 

480 (240 + 240) G. Project Number: EBUBP104, E/323/3157/4, 

M/284638/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Ag, Institute of 

Product Info. & Residue Anal. 70 p.

850.5400 Algal toxicity, Tiers 1 and II

MRID Citation Reference
Page 45 of 63

47114010 Grade, R.; Wydra, V. (2006) Toxicity of Thiencarbazone-Methyl + Isoxaflute 

+ (Inert Ingredient) SC (90 + 225 + 150 g/L) Formulation to 

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an Algal Growth Inhibition Test: Final 

Report. Project Number: 30171210, M/278975/01/1. Unpublished study 

prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON. 67 p.

124-1 Terrestrial field study with Plants

MRID Citation Reference

44931401 Tank, S. (1999) Monitoring Terrestrial Drift and Run-Off Zones for Non-Target Plant 

Response to a Label-Rate, Pre-Emergence Application of Balance WDG Herbicide to 

Cornfields: Lab Project Number: 079811. Unpublished study prepared by 

Ecotoxicology and Biosystems Associates, Inc. 49 p. 

44839705 Parsons, R.G. (1999) Nontarget Plant Field Study: RPA02248: Effect of Irrigation 

Contamination on a Range of Crops. Rhone Poulenc Research Farm, Essex, England.

45022401 Tank, S. (2000) Monitoring Terrestrial Drift and Run-Off Zones for Non-Target Plant 

Response to a Label-Rate, Pre-Emergence Application of Balance WDG Herbicide to 

Cornfields: Field Study Interim Report: Lab Project Number: 079811. Unpublished 

study prepared by Ecotoxicology and Biosystems Associates, Inc. 55 p. 

45129001 Tank, S.; Brewer, L.; Cook, S. et al. (2000) Monitoring Terrestrial Drift and Run-Off 

Zones for Non-Target Plant Response to a Label-Rate, Pre-Emergence Application of 

Balance WDG Herbicide to Cornfields: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 079811: 

EBA079811: 103-001. Unpublished study prepared by Ecotoxicology and Biosystems 

Associates, Inc. 594 p. 

45244501 Cappy, J. (2000) Cotton Irrigated with Water Containing RPA202248: Lab Project 

Number: 99716969: B003000: 46037. Unpublished study prepared by Aventis 

CropScience and South Texas Ag Research. 163 p. 

45244503 Cappy, J. (2000) Established Sunflower Irrigated with Water Containing RPA202248: 

Final Study Report: Lab Project Number: B003003: 99717755: 13726.6124. 

Unpublished study prepared by Aventis CropScience and Midwest Research Inc. 200 

p. 

45244504 Cappy, J. (2000) Effect of Simulated Isoxaflutole Drift on Canola: Final Study Report: 

Lab Project Number: 99717762: B003007: 13726.6124. Unpublished study prepared 

by Aventis CropScience and Midwest Research Inc. 84 p. 

45244505 Cappy, J. (2000) Effect of Simulated Isoxaflutole Drift on Cotton: Final Study Report: 

Lab Project Number: 99717757: B003043: 17757-01. Unpublished study prepared by 

Aventis CropScience and G&H Associates. 40 p. 

45244506 Cappy, J. (2000) Effect of Simulated Isoxaflutole Drift on Rice: Final Study Report: 

Lab Project Number: 99716970: B003001: 13726.6124. Unpublished study prepared 

by Aventis CropScience and G&H Associates. 87 p. 

45244507 Cappy, J. (2000) Effect of Simulated Isoxaflutole Drift on Spring Oats: Final Study 

Report: Lab Project Number: 99717759: B003008: 13726.6124. Unpublished study 

prepared by Aventis CropScience and Midwest Research Inc. 87 p. 

45244508 Cappy, J. (2000) Effect of Simulated Isoxaflutole Drift on Soybean: Final Study 

Report: Lab Project Number: 99717761: B003006: 13726.6124. Unpublished study 
Page 46 of 63

prepared by Aventis CropScience and Midwest Research Inc. 90 p. 

45244509 Cappy, J. (2000) Effect of Simulated Isoxaflutole Drift on Sunflower: Final Study 

Report: Lab Project Number: 99717760: B003005: 13726.6124. Unpublished study 

prepared by Aventis CropScience and Prairie Ag Research, Inc. 87 p. 

45244510 Parsons, R. (2000) RPA202248: Effect of Irrigation Contamination on a Range of 

Crops: Lab Project Number: FRE 99/01 GOOD 17949: 202594: FRE99/01. 

Unpublished study prepared by Aventis CropScience UK Limited. 74 p. 

45244502 Cappy, J.J. (2000?) Established Soybean Irrigated with Water Containing 

RPA202248.Laboratory: Aventis CropScience, 2T.W. Alexander Drive, Research 

Triangle Park, NC 27709 (Water Sample Analysis). Midwest Research, Inc. RR 1 Box 

107A, York, NE 68467 (Field Component). Springborn, Laboratories 790 Main Street, 

Wareham, MA 02571 (Seed Germination Testing). Agvise Laboratories, Highway 15 

PO Box 510, Northwood, ND 58267 (Soil Sample Analysis). Sponsor: Aventis 

CropScience, 2T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Laboratory 

Report ID: 9917752.

45496901 Cappy, J.; Kelly, I.; Theissen, R. (2001) Balance Herbicide: Summary of Non-Targeted 

Crop Irrigated with Water Containing RPA 202248: Lab Project Number: B003467: 

99716969: 99717752. Unpublished study prepared by Aventis CropScience. 73 p. 

44896906 Ortego, L. (1999) Balance--The Use of Vegetative Vigor Testing to Estimate Irrigation 

Effect Levels: Lab Project Number: LSO/0899-IEL. Unpublished study prepared by 

Rhone-Poulenc Ag Co. 6 p. 

47114006 Bach, F.; Pallett, K. (2006) Higher Tier Non Target Terrestrial Plant Study on the 

Vegetative Vigour Test of 3 Plant Species Determined Under Semi-Field Conditions:

The Phytotoxic Effects of IFT + TCM + CSA SC 225 + 90 + 225 + 150 G/L. Project 

Number: HT06/056, EBGSP057, M/281486/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by 

Bayer Cropscience Gmbh. 114 p.

141-1 850.3020 Honey bee acute contact

MRID Citation Reference

43573248 Petto, R. (1994) Laboratory Testing for Toxicity (Acute Contact and Oral 

LD50) of RPA 201772 to Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera, 

Apidae): Lab Project Number: 463500. Unpublished study prepared by RCC 

Umweltchemie GmbH & Co. KG. 23 p. 

47114014 Barth, M. (2004) Acute Toxicity of BYH 18636 and Isoxaflutole and (Inert 

Ingredient) SC 90 + 225 + 150 to the Honeybee Apis mellifera L. Under 

Laboratory Conditions. Project Number: 06/10/48/049. Unpublished study 

prepared by Biochem Agrar, Lab fuer Biologische und Chemische. 30 p.

47114026 Muther-Paul, J. (2006) Assessment of Side Effects of Isoxaflutole & 

Cyprosulfamide SC 240+240 g/L to the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L., in the 

Laboratory: Final Report. Project Number: 20061213/01/BLEU, 

M/278327/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by GAB Biotechnologie Gmbh. 

30 p.

141-3 Toxicity to Non-Target Beneficial Insects
Page 47 of 63

47114004 Waltersdorfer, A. (2006) Toxicity to the Parasitoid Wasp Aphidius 

Rhopalosiphi (DeStaphani-Perez) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the 

Laboratory BYH 18636 and Isoxaflutole and (Inert Ingredient) SC 90 + 225 + 

150g/l. Project Number: CW05/090. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer 

Cropscience Gmbh. 28 p.

47114005 Waltersdorfer, A. (2006) Toxicity to the Predatory Mite Typhlodromus pryi 

Scheuten (Acari, Phytoseiidae) in the Laboratory BYH 18636 and Isoxaflutole 

and (Inert Ingredient) SC 90 + 225 + 150 g/l. Project Number: CW06/008. 

Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Cropscience Gmbh. 39 p.

47114024 Waltersdorfer, A (2006) Toxicity to the Parasitoid Wasp Aphidius rhopalosiphi 

(Destephani-Perez) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Using an Extended Laboratory 

Test Isoxaflutole & Cyprosulfamide SC 240 + 240 g/l. Project Number: 

CW06/064, M/279708/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Cropscience 

Gmbh. 32 p.

47114025 Waltersdorfer, A. (2006) Toxicity to the Green Lacewig Chysoperla carnea 

Steph. (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) Using an Extended Laboratory Test 

Isoxaflutole & Cyprosulfamide SC 240 + 240 g/l. Project Number: CW06/065, 

M/279861/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Cropscience Gmbh. 27 

p.

47114023 Waltersdorfer, A. (2006) Toxicity to the Predatory Mite Typhlodromus pyri 

Scheuten (Acari, Phytoseiidae) in the Laboratory Isoxaflutole & 

Cyprosulfamide SC 240 + 240 g/l. Project Number: CW06/049, 

M/279415/01/1. Unpublished study prepared by Bayer Cropscience Gmbh. 33 

p.

Non Guideline Selections

43988201 Cheplick, J.; O'Flaherty, C.; Ritter, A. et al. (1995) Probabilistic Modeling of 

RPA 201772, Isoxaflutole (and Major Metabolites), Exposure to Aquatic 

Nontarget Organisms Associated with RPA 201772 WDG Herbicide 

(Isoxaflutole) Use on Corn: Lab Project Number: WEI 746.03: P.O. 30002803-

ISOXAFLUTOLE. Unpublished study prepared by Waterborne Environmental, 

Inc. (WEI). 144 p. 

46801742 Odin-Feurtet, M. (1997) RPA 203328 Acute Toxicity (14-Day) To Earthworm 

(Eisenia Foetida) Artificial Soil Method. Project Number: SA/97408. 

Unpublished study prepared by Rhone-Poulenc - Secteur Agro. 39 p.

46801743 Moser, T.; Scheffczyk, A. (2004) Isoxaflutole-RPA 203328 (AE B197555): 

Reproduction Toxicity to the Earthworm Eisenia Fetida in Artificial Soil. 

Project Number: C/041342, P15RR. Unpublished study prepared by ECT 

Oekotoxikologie Gmbh. 30 p.

46801745 McMurray, A. (1997) A Laboratory Assessment of the Effects of RPA 203328 

on Soil Microflora Respiration and Nitrogen Transformations According to 

EPPO Bulletin 24, 1-16 (1994). Project Number: R000482, ENV3016, 

GOOD/14070. Unpublished study prepared by Chemex International. 43 p.

47114007 Friedrich, S. (2006) BYH 18636 and (Inert Ingredient) and Isoxaflutole SC 

465: Sublethal Toxicity to the Earthworm Eisenia fetida in Artificial Soil with 

5% Peat: Final Report. Project Number: 06/10/48/100, M/279980/01/1. 

Unpublished study prepared by Biochem Agrar, Lab fuer Biologische und 

Chemische. 34 p.
Page 48 of 63

47114031 Leicher, T. (2006) Isoxaflutole & Cyprosulfamide SC 240 & 240 g/l: Acute 

Toxicity to Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Tested in Artificial Soil with 5% Peat. 

Project Number: RG/20/06, E/310/3187/3, LRT/RG/A/74/06. Unpublished 

study prepared by Bayer Ag, Institute of Product Info. & Residue Analysis. 23 

p.
Page 49 of 63

Appendix A – Summary of Isoxaflutole Uses as Described on Product Labels

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 3 oz/ 1 a .140625 lb / a

BALANCE HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 3 oz/ 1 a .140625 lb / a

BALANCE HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Postemergence. 3 oz/ 1 a .140625 lb / a

BALANCE HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 3 oz/ 1 a .140625 lb / a

BALANCE HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 3 oz/ 1 a .140625 lb / a

BALANCE HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Early preplant. 3 oz/ 1 a .140625 lb / a

BALANCE HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 3 oz/ 1 a .140625 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a
Page 50 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Early preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

FLUFENACET & 

ISOXAFLUTOLE SC 

HERBICIDE

EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

FLUFENACET & 

ISOXAFLUTOLE SC 

HERBICIDE

EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

FLUFENACET & 

ISOXAFLUTOLE SC 

HERBICIDE

EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

DUPONT PREQUEL 

HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 2.5 oz/ 1 a .046875 lb / a

DUPONT PREQUEL 

HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 2.5 oz/ 1 a .046875 lb / a

DUPONT PREQUEL 

HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 2.5 oz/ 1 a .046875 lb / a

DUPONT PREQUEL 

HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 2.5 oz/ 1 a .046875 lb / a

DUPONT PREQUEL 

HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 2.5 oz/ 1 a .046875 lb / a

DUPONT PREQUEL 

HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 2.5 oz/ 1 a .046875 lb / a

DUPONT PREQUEL 

HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 2.5 oz/ 1 a .046875 lb / a

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a
Page 51 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preplant. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Early preplant. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a

BALANCE 4SC HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 1.8 fl oz/ 1 a .05638359 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a
Page 52 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Early preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a
Page 53 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 54 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 55 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN, FIELD Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 56 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

FLUFENACET & 

ISOXAFLUTOLE SC 

HERBICIDE

EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

FLUFENACET & 

ISOXAFLUTOLE SC 

HERBICIDE

EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

FLUFENACET & 

ISOXAFLUTOLE SC 

HERBICIDE

EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a
Page 57 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 58 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Postemergence. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

RADIUS HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 28 fl oz/ 1 a .09440681 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 59 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 15 oz/ 1 a .09375 lb / a

EPIC DF HERBICIDE DF CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 17 oz/ 1 a .10625 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN (SILAGE) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 60 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

(UNSPECIFIED)

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED)

Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED)

Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

CORVUS EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 5.6 fl oz/ 1 a .08137938 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED)

Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 61 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED)

Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED)

Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 62 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

(UNSPECIFIED)

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED)

Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation equipment. Early preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE PRO HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Soil incorporation equipment. Preplant. 3 fl oz/ 1 a .09397266 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Burndown treatment. Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil band treatment. Band sprayer. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Early postemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil broadcast treatment. Ground. Preemergence. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a
Page 63 of 63

Product Name Form 

Desc Use Site Application Method Type

Application Method 

Equipment

Application Method 

Timing

Product Max 

App Rate

A. I. Max App 

Rate

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED)

Soil incorporated 

treatment.

Soil incorporation 

equipment. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a

BALANCE FLEXX HERBICIDE EC CORN 

(UNSPECIFIED) Soil treatment (surface). Ground. Preplant. 6 fl oz/ 1 a .09403125 lb / a