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Errata to Section 5 of the Final Report: 

Section 211(B) Tier 2 High End Exposure Study of 

Conventional and Oxygenated Gasoline 

Section 5: Effect of Ventilation, Proximity, and Emission Levels on InCabin Exposures of Trailing Vehicle 

Prepared for 

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE 

1220 L Street 

Washington, DC 20005-4070 

Prepared by 

Barbara Zielinska, Eric M. Fujita, John C. Sagebiel, and David E. Campbell 

Division of Atmospheric Sciences 

Desert Research Institute 

Nevada System of Higher Education 

2215 Raggio Parkway 

Reno, NV 89512
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Section 5. Effect of Ventilation, Proximity, and Emission Levels on InCabin Exposures of Trailing Vehicle 

Errata: Table and Figure revisions due to omission of Winter 

Malfunction Truck MTBE data and misclassification of Summer 

Malfunction Truck MTBE run in summary analyses (Old Tables & 

Figures below Revised Versions) 

Table 5.3-1. Summary of Summer and Winter Background Concentrations. Units are 

ppbv, except CO as noted (new) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal EtOH Acetal

Mean Summer (n=6) 0.02 0.27 0.44 0.07 0.17 0.11 0.06 0.13 5.80 261 2.80

% std dev 54% 26% 15% 24% 46% 48% 131% 18% 84% (n=1) 90%

Mean Winter (n=12) 0.03 0.32 0.52 0.11 0.38 0.16 0.08 0.21 5.62 22.07 4.05

% std dev 46% 46% 67% 61% 63% 62% 101% 38% 63% 88% 42%

Mean all 0.03 0.31 0.49 0.10 0.31 0.14 0.07 0.19 5.68 81.81 3.64

% std dev 50% 42% 58% 59% 72% 63% 107% 41% 68% 147% 56%

Table 5.3-1. Summary of Summer and Winter Background Concentrations. Units are 

ppbv except CO as noted (old)

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal EtOH

Mean Summer (n=6) 0.02 0.27 0.44 0.07 0.17 0.11 0.06 0.13 5.80 261

% std dev 53% 26% 15% 24% 46% 48% 131% 18% 84% (n=1)

Mean Winter (n=12) 0.03 0.33 0.60 0.12 0.43 0.19 0.07 0.22 5.76 22.07

% std dev 47% 43% 68% 62% 65% 69% 107% 36% 61% 88%

Mean all 0.03 0.31 0.55 0.10 0.35 0.16 0.07 0.19 5.78 81.80

% std dev 50% 40% 62% 62% 77% 71% 111% 40% 67% 147%

Budi13 = 1,3BD; Benze = benzene; Tolue = toluene, Mp_xyl = m,p-xylene; o_xyl = o-xylene, 

Formal = formaldehyde; EtOH = ethanol, Acetal = acetaldehyde 
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0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal/10 Acetal/10

Concentrations (ppbv or ppmv)

Mean Summer (n=6) Mean Winter (n=12)

Figure 5.3-1. Comparison of Summer and Winter Background Concentrations with 

Standard Deviations. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is divided by 10 for scale (new) 

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal/10

Concentration, ppbv or ppm

Mean Summer (n=6) Mean Winter (n=12)

Figure 5.3-1. Comparison of Summer and Winter Background Concentrations with 

Standard Deviations. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde is divided by 10 for scale (old) 
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Table 5.3-2. Summary of Test Concentrations for Summer, Winter and Overall. Units are 

ppbv, except CO as noted (new) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal Acetal EtOH

Mean Summer (n=12) 0.69 1.40 2.32 0.43 1.25 0.59 0.44 1.00 6.84 5.61 2308.07

% std dev 103% 69% 56% 65% 62% 63% 230% 72% 47% 71% 102%

Mean Winter (n=24) 0.59 1.20 1.99 0.37 1.30 0.50 0.83 1.72 4.82 2.54 1.70

% std dev 96% 76% 73% 77% 74% 76% 220% 91% 70% 75% 51%

Mean all 0.62 1.26 2.09 0.39 1.28 0.53 0.70 1.49 5.53 3.63 693.61

% std dev 100% 75% 67% 73% 70% 71% 233% 91% 63% 89% 250%

Table 5.3-2. Summary of Test Concentrations for Summer, Winter and Overall. Units are 

ppbv, except CO as noted (old) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal EtOH

Mean Summer (n=11) 0.50 1.17 2.01 0.36 1.07 0.49 0.38 0.85 6.78 2308.07

% std dev 111% 84% 70% 79% 77% 76% 269% 87% 50% 102%

Mean Winter (n=22) 0.48 1.01 1.75 0.32 1.11 0.43 0.31 1.36 4.32 1.49

% std dev 105% 81% 81% 85% 81% 84% 219% 91% 84% 48%

Mean all 0.49 1.06 1.84 0.33 1.10 0.45 0.34 1.19 5.14 770.35

% std dev 105% 81% 76% 82% 79% 80% 238% 93% 72% 214%

Budi13 = 1,3BD; Benze = benzene; Tolue = toluene, Mp_xyl = m,p-xylene; o_xyl = o-xylene, 

Formal = formaldehyde; EtOH = ethanol, Acetal = acetaldehyde 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal Acetal

Concentrations (ppbv or ppmv)

Mean Summer (n=12) Mean Winter (n=24)

Figure 5.3-4. Comparison of Summer and Winter Concentrations for the Trailing tests 

(new) 
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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal

Concentration, ppbv or ppm

Mean Summer (n=11) Mean Winter (n=22)

Figure 5.3-4. Comparison of Summer and Winter Concentrations for the Trailing tests 

(old) 

Table 5.3-3. Summary of Concentrations Observed During Idle Tests. Units are ppbv 

except CO as noted (new) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal EtOH Acetal

Mean Summer (n=11) 1.50 3.77 4.96 0.80 2.45 0.99 1.54 2.16 9.61 1030.68 9.04

% std dev 149% 116% 103% 110% 109% 104% 195% 160% 43% 59% 65%

Mean Winter (n=12) 0.66 2.57 3.01 0.48 1.71 0.65 0.54 3.06 6.53 3.86 3.37

% std dev 156% 137% 136% 111% 111% 96% 169% 118% 40% 61% 28%

Mean all 1.08 3.17 3.99 0.64 2.08 0.82 1.04 2.61 8.00 517.27 6.08

% std dev 163% 124% 116% 114% 110% 103% 214% 133% 46% 131% 81%

Table 5.3-3. Summary of Concentrations Observed During Idle Tests. Units are ppbv 

except CO as noted (old) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal EtOH

Mean Summer (n=11) 1.55 3.67 4.84 0.80 2.42 1.00 1.48 2.13 8.71 1030.68

% std dev 138% 114% 101% 106% 106% 99% 195% 156% 53% 59%

Mean Winter (n=22) 0.66 2.63 3.07 0.48 1.70 0.65 0.44 3.17 6.46 3.86

% std dev 162% 140% 140% 116% 117% 101% 200% 119% 42% 61%

Mean all 1.14 3.19 4.03 0.65 2.09 0.84 1.00 2.61 7.68 517.27

% std dev 154% 123% 115% 112% 110% 102% 222% 134% 52% 131%
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Table 5.3.4. Effect of Vehicle, Fuel, and Operational Mode. Units are ppbv, except CO as 

noted (new). Number of measurements = n 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal Acetal

Truck only (n=12) 0.64 1.40 2.32 0.45 1.46 0.61 0.87 1.56 4.55 3.67

Car only (n=12) 0.59 1.13 1.87 0.33 1.11 0.45 0.53 1.42 5.90 3.59

Atl fuel only (n=8) 0.53 1.44 2.79 0.51 1.66 0.68 0.14 1.41 5.99 3.39

Hou fuel only (n=8) 0.89 1.52 2.20 0.48 1.58 0.66 2.17 1.91 5.61 4.37

Chi fuel only (n=8) 0.48 0.87 1.32 0.20 0.66 0.28 0.03 1.22 4.20 3.19

Normal only (n=12) 0.06 0.46 1.05 0.21 0.73 0.31 0.16 0.41 5.21 3.26

High emitter only (n=12) 1.06 1.95 2.99 0.55 1.77 0.71 1.21 2.50 5.37 3.37

St Dev high emitter only 28% 36% 38% 41% 44% 44% 177% 52% 52% 64%

Table 5.3.4. Effect of Vehicle, Fuel, and Operational Mode. Units are ppbv, except CO as 

noted (old). Number of measurements = n 

Vehicle, Fuel & Mode Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xylen o_xyl MTBE CO,ppm Formal. 

Truck only (n=12) 0.42 1.14 2.06 0.38 1.24 0.52 0.15 1.08 4.23 

Car only (n=12) 0.59 1.13 1.87 0.33 1.11 0.45 0.53 1.42 6.13 

Atl fuel only (n=8) 0.53 1.44 2.79 0.51 1.66 0.68 0.14 1.41 5.99 

Hou fuel only (n=8) 0.56 1.05 1.63 0.35 1.19 0.50 1.28 1.10 5.88 

Chi fuel only (n=8) 0.48 0.87 1.32 0.20 0.66 0.28 0.03 1.22 4.20 

Normal only (n=12) 0.06 0.46 1.05 0.21 0.73 0.31 0.16 0.41 5.21 

High emitter only (n=12) 1.01 1.85 2.92 0.52 1.64 0.67 0.56 2.18 5.35 

St Dev high emitter only 26% 35% 40% 43% 43% 45% 199% 42% 55% 

Table 5.3-5. Influence of high emitting vehicles and each fuel on trailing vehicle in-cabin 

concentrations. Units are ppbv except CO as noted (new) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal Acetal

High Emiter, Atl (n=4) 1.02 2.35 3.97 0.67 2.12 0.85 0.03 2.48 5.04 2.80

High Emiter, Hou (n=4) 1.43 2.18 3.08 0.69 2.24 0.93 3.45 2.81 6.00 5.77

High Emiter, Chi (n=4) 0.91 1.40 2.02 0.31 0.98 0.42 0.06 2.08 5.42 3.90

Table 5.3-5. Influence of high emitting vehicles and each fuel on trailing vehicle in-cabin 

concentrations. Units are ppbv except CO as noted (old) 

Mode, Fuel Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyle o_xyl MTBE CO,ppm Formal 

High Emiter, Atlanta 

(n=4) 

1.02 2.35 3.97 0.67 2.12 0.85 0.03 2.48 5.04 

High Emiter, Houston 

(n=4) 

1.18 1.76 2.65 0.61 1.98 0.82 2.63 1.82 5.81 

High Emiter, Chicago 

(n=4) 

0.91 1.40 2.02 0.31 0.98 0.42 0.06 2.08 5.42 

Table 5.3-6. Summary of Seasonal Differences in the High Emitter Samples. Units are 

ppbv except CO as noted (new) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal Acetal

Summer High 1.23 2.15 3.33 0.61 1.79 0.82 0.76 1.52 8.02 7.66

Winter High 1.06 1.89 2.86 0.53 1.78 0.69 1.39 2.92 4.22 2.27
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Table 5.3-6. Summary of Seasonal Differences in the High Emitter Samples. Units are 

ppbv except CO as noted (old) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal

Summer High 1.05 2.07 3.31 0.58 1.75 0.77 0.78 1.48 8.11

Winter High 0.98 1.74 2.73 0.48 1.58 0.62 0.45 2.54 3.96

Table 5.3-7. Comparison of High and Low In-cabin Ventilation Conditions, Winter 2005 

only. Units are ppbv except CO as noted (new) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal Acetal

High Vent only 0.52 1.15 2.07 0.40 1.35 0.54 0.74 1.54 4.38 2.13

Low Vent only 0.64 1.24 1.91 0.35 1.25 0.47 0.91 1.89 4.65 3.08

Table 5.3-7. Comparison of High and Low In-cabin Ventilation Conditions, Winter 2005 

only. Units are ppbv except CO as noted (old) 

Budi13 Benze Tolue Etbz Mp_xyl O_xyl MTBE CO, ppm Formal

High Vent only 0.46 1.06 2.00 0.37 1.25 0.51 0.32 1.32 4.40

Low Vent only 0.55 1.06 1.69 0.30 1.08 0.41 0.33 1.52 4.46