Page 2 of 17 

COPPER 8-QUINOLINOLATE

REGISTRATION REVIEW DECISION

PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND

 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS SUMMARY

PC Code: 024002; Case No.: 5118

Introduction:

Copper-8-quinolinolate, also known as oxine-copper, is an organometallic compound. It 

is a nonionizable, chelated compound made by a chemical reaction between inorganic copper 

and the organic 8-hydroxyquinoline. Copper-8-quinolinolate (≥99.5%) is an odorless olive green 

crystalline powder that is insoluble in water (0.07 mg/L at 25oC) with a negligible vapor pressure 

(6.3 x 10-12 mm Hg). 

It has numerous and diverse uses. It is used in formulating antiseptics, deodorants, 

antiperspirants and fungicides. It is registered as an antimicrobial fungicide for control of decay, 

sapstain, mold, rot, mildew and certain wood-boring insects (e.g., termites and powder-post 

beetles) in various preservative applications. It is approved for use primarily in 

industrial/commercial wood preservation (Use Site Category X -wood preservatives) for nonpressure and pressure treatments to control sapstain in freshly cut or debarked lumber, and for 

protection against mold and decay in unfinished wood and various wood products. It may also 

be used as a protective wood coating and water-repellent when applied to new and aged wood. It 

is intended mainly for exterior above-ground wood use applications and certain interior structural 

wood construction, including: millwork, sills/baseboards, siding, wooden components of decks, 

playsets, fences, outdoor furniture, shingles, structural lumber, plywood, composites and interior 

boat holds. Treated wood materials may be used in contact with fruit, vegetables and other 

foodstuffs (indirect food contact) in areas such as greenhouses for greenhouse items, produce 

picking boxes/containers, mushroom trays and vegetable stakes. 

Copper -8-quinolinolate is also used industrially for materials preservation (Use Site 

Category VII - materials preservatives) as a fungistatic dispersion incorporated into 

manufactured goods including: paper/paperboard, adhesives, paints and cellulose-based 

cordage/textiles. Copper 8-quinolinolate is additionally used to control mold and mildew on 

industrial textiles (mainly military-issued or government-specified) such as cloth and webbing 

used in military tentage, tarps, canvas, burlap, rope, leather and nets (non-aquatic uses only). It 

may be used as a water-repellent coating for textiles as well. Copper -8-quinolinolate is used on 

hard and porous environmental contact surfaces to remediate mold, mildew, and fungal decay 

(e.g., outdoor painted surfaces, tile, brick/concrete, glass, metal, plastic, leather, wood, and 

asphalt shingles). 

The chemical is also used commercially in food handling settings as a surface 

disinfectant to control potato ring rot in planters, seed handling equipment, seed cutters, storage 
 

Page 3 of 17 

areas and transportation equipment such as railroad cars and trucks (Use Site Category II- food 

handling/storage establishments, premises, and equipment). 

Copper -8-quinolinolate was first registered with the Agency as a pesticide on January 5, 

1956. Currently, there are 29 registered copper-8-quinolinolate products which are listed in 

Table 1. There are no Special Local Need (SLN) registrations under Section 24(c) of FIFRA. 

The Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for copper 8-quinolinolate was issued by EPA on 

September 26, 2007. The technical grade active ingredients (TGAIs) are powder concentrates 

registered to two companies, Tanabe U.S.A., Inc. (96% a.i.) and Osmose, Inc. (96% a.i.). These 

are technical chemical source products for formulation in to manufacturing wood preservatives 

and materials preservative end-use products requiring EPA registration. An additional product, 

approved in 2006, is registered to James Hardie Building Products, Inc. (98% a.i.) as a 

manufacturing use product (MUP) powder concentrate. This product is specified as an additive 

to control mold/mildew on cement and pulp/paper (cellulose fiber) ingredients and is used to 

manufacture “backerboard” (a.k.a. fiber-cement board). The rest of the 26 registrations are enduse products (EUPs) such as soluble and flowable concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, 

wettable powder, and ready-to use (RTU) formulations. The formulated end-use products can 

range from 0.25% to 34.18% active ingredient. One of the copper-8-quinolinolate products is 

registered in combination with borax (B4Na2O7 

.

10H2O) sodium tetraborate decahydrate (PC 

Code: 011102; CAS# 1303-96-4); Bifenthrin (PC Code: 128825; CAS# 82657-04-3); and 

Tebuconazole (PC Code: 128997; CAS# 107534-96-3). 

Copper 8-quinolinolate is an algaecide, bactericide and fungicide. Other material 

preservation uses include in-can paint preservation; pulp and paperboard, kraft paper; and, 

adhesives and glues. Copper 8-quinolinolate is also used as a wood preservative intended for 

treatment of wood to be used as beams for indoor use, mushroom trays, produce picking 

trays/containers that may contain fruit (indirect food contact use), interior boat applications, 

wood used in greenhouse premises, equipment and containers, log homes, shingle roofs, siding, 

fences, decks, furniture, playground equipment, sills & baseboards, and structural building 

lumber. 

Mode of Action of Copper-8-quinolinolate: 

 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) has been used as a disinfectant and antiseptic since 1895. It 

consists of two fused, 6-membered rings, one a phenol and the other a pyridine. Copper-8-

quinolinolate is more toxic than either copper or 8-hydroxyquinoline alone. Mode of action of 

this compound: It is suggested that copper-8-quinolinolate, which is lipid soluble, permeates 

cellular membranes, and then dissociates to the half-chelate, which may then act by inserting 

copper at metal-binding sites on proteins and enzymes or other cellular constituents where other 

metals normally function. Alternatively, the 8-hydroxyquinoline can compete with coenzymes 

for metal-binding sites on enzymes. In both cases, the fungicide effectively blocks the normal 

metabolic processes of living cells and either inhibits growth or kills the fungus. 

Allowable Tolerances: 
 

Page 4 of 17 

Copper 8-quinolinolate is cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an 

indirect food additive for use as a component in food packaging adhesives [21 CFR § 

175.105(c)]; in paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods (21 CFR § 

176.170); and in paper and paperboard in contact with dry foods (21 CFR § 176.180). 

Table 1. Registered Active Products of Copper 8-quinolinolate 

Registration # Registration Name Company Name Formulation 

Type 

% of Active 

Ingredient 

707-302 Cunilate 2002 Rohm & Haas Co Flowable 

Concentrate 10 

1022-476 Chapman PQ-8 IBC Manufacturing Co Soluble 

Concentrate 5.4 

1022-489 PQ-56 IBC Manufacturing Co Soluble 

Concentrate 10 

1022-490 PQ-57 IBC Manufacturing Co Soluble 

Concentrate 5 

1022-491 PQ-15 RTU Clear Wood 

Preservative IBC Manufacturing Co Ready-to-Use Solution 0.25 

1022-492 PQ-20 IBC Manufacturing Co Soluble 

Concentrate 3.75 

1022-493 PQ-15 IBC Manufacturing Co Soluble 

Concentrate 1.38 

1022-503 PQ-7 IBC Manufacturing Co Soluble 

Concentrate 3.24 

1022-504 PQ-56 RTU IBC Manufacturing Co Ready-to-Use 

Solution 0.8 

1022-505 PQ-20 R-T-U Wood 

Preservative IBC Manufacturing Co Ready-to-Use Solution 0.25 

1022-514 Woodguard-Oil Based Wood 

Preservative IBC Manufacturing Co Ready-to-Use Solution 0.675 

2829-42 Socci No. 3500-WP Rohm And Haas Company Soluble 

Concentrate 10 

2829-44 Cunilate 2174-NO Rohm And Haas Company Ready-to-Use 

Solution 10 

2829-49 Socci No. 3500 Rohm And Haas Company Soluble 

Concentrate 10 

2829-112 Cunilate 2419-75 Rohm And Haas Company Emulsifiable 

Concentrate 7.5 

2829-135 Nytek 10WP Rohm And Haas Company Wettable 

Powder 10 
 

Page 5 of 17 

Registration # Registration Name Company Name Formulation 

Type 

% of Active 

Ingredient 

2829-136 Nytek 10 Rohm And Haas Company Soluble 

Concentrate 10 

2829-137 Nytek WD Rohm And Haas Company Emulsifiable 

Concentrate 10 

3008-91 ORD-X378 Osmose Inc. Ready-to-Use 

Solution 34.18 

3008-93 Copper 8-Quinolinolate Osmose Inc. Technical 

Chemical 96 

10829-8 Copper 8-Quinolinolate Tanabe U.S.A. Inc. Technical 

Chemical 96 

60061-17 Woodtreat C8 Concentrate Kop-Coat, Inc. Soluble 

Concentrate 1.2 

60061-18 Woodtreat C8 Ready To Use Kop-Coat, Inc. Ready-to-Use 

Solution 0.25 

60061-22 Woodtreat C81 Ready To Use 

Water Repellent Fungicide Kop-Coat, Inc. Ready-to-Use Solution 1 

75341-14 ORD-X240 Osmose Utilities Services, 

Inc. 

Ready-to-Use 

Solution .3 

81819-1 Q8 Log Oil CTA Products Group Ready-to-Use 

Solution 0.675 

83515-1 A4 James Hardie Building 

Products, Inc. 

Formulation 

Intermediate 98 

84397-1 Moldan-10 Environmental RX, Inc. Soluble 

Concentrate 10 

84711-1 Nylate PW Genett Group, Inc. Ready-to-Use 

Solution 0.625 
 

Page 6 of 17 

Science Findings

The Agency has conducted a review of the available product chemistry, environmental 

fate, and ecotoxicity data for copper 8-quinolinolate. The findings are summarized below. 

Product Chemistry Summary 

Copper 8-quinolinolate is a chelate compound made by chemical reaction (coordinate 

covalent bonding) between the inorganic copper (II) species' and the organic moiety 8-

hydroxyquinoline. The inorganic and organic parts of the molecule inherently have different 

chemistries and the molecule is practically non-ionizable. Its copper is bonded firmly by both 

primary and secondary valence linkages, making the compound very stable. 

The data submitted pertaining to the physical and chemical characteristics of the active 

ingredient copper 8-quinolinolate are adequate. All product chemistry data requirements have 

been satisfied for the active ingredient copper 8-quinolinolate. Therefore, the Agency does not 

anticipate needing additional product chemistry data for copper 8-quinolinolate at this time. 

Tables 2 and 3 contain the complete product chemistry information for the active ingredient 

copper 8-quinolinolate. 

Table 2. Chemical Identity of Copper 8-quinolinolate 

Chemical Name Copper, bis(8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)- 

Common Names 8-Quinolinol, copper(II) chelate 

Copper 8-quinolinolate 

Oxine-copper 

Synonyms Bis(8-oxyquinoline) copper 

Bis(8-quinolinolato)copper 

Bis(8-quinolinolato-N(1),O(8)) copper 

Copper 8-hydroxyquinoline 

Copper oxinate 

Copper oxine 

Copper oxyquinolate 

Copper quinolate 

Copper, bis(8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-, 

Cupric 8-hydroxyquinolate 

Oxine-Cu 

Oxine-copper 

Trade Name Bioquin 

Cellu-Quin 

Copper-8 

Cunilate 2472 

Dokivin 
Table 2. Chemical Identity of Copper 8-quinolinolate 

Fruitdo 

Milmer 

COX 

IUPAC Name bis(quinolin-8-olato-O,N)copper(II) 

or 

cupric 8-quinolinoxide 

Molecular Weight 351.851g/mole 

PC Code 024002 

CAS Registry Number 10380-28-6 

Molecular Formula C18H12Cu N2O2 

Registration Review Case No. 

Registration Review Case Name 

5118 

Copper salts [Copper, bis(8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-,] 

Pesticide Type Antimicrobial 

Conventional Chemical 

Classification 

Chemical Family 

Quinoline 

Inorganic-Copper 

Molecular Structure: 

Cu(C9H6ON)2 

C6H3-C3H3-(CuN2O2)-C6H3-C3H3

 

Copper 8-quinolinolate 

 

Page 7 of 17 
 

Page 8 of 17 

Table 3. Product Chemistry Data Summary of Copper 8-quinolinolate (TGAI 99%)

Guideline No. Physical and Chemical 

Properties 

Value 

830.1550 Product identity and 

composition 

Refer to Table 2. 

830.1600 Description of materials 

used to produce the product 

CBI 

830.1620 Description of production 

process 

CBI 

830.1650 Description of formulation 

process 

CBI 

830.1670 Discussion of formation of 

impurities 

CBI 

830.1700 Preliminary analysis CBI 

830.1750 Certified limits CBI 

830.1800 Enforcement analytical 

method 

Electrolysis for copper determination 

HPLC 

Iodometry 

Gas Chromatography (GC), Infrared (IR)) 

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for the measurement of 

total copper 

830.1900 Submittal of samples NA 

830.6302 Color Olive green or green to yellow 

830.6303 Physical State Solid 

Crystalline powder 

830.6304 Odor Practically odorless tasteless 

830.6313 Stability to sunlight, normal 

and elevated temperature, 

metals/metal ions 

Stable 

Stable towards light and U.V. 

It is stable at relatively high temperatures, and is not affected by 

ultraviolet or other actinic rays. 

Stable at ambient and elevated temperature (54°C) for 14 days. 

Stable under normal conditions. 

Metals/Metal Ions: Requirement not applicable; does not come in 

contact with metals or metal ions. 

830.6314 Oxidation/Reduction: 

Chemical Incompatibility 

No oxidizing/reducing agent 

830.6315 Flammability Product does not contain flammable liquids 

830.6316 Explodability Not explosive 

830.6317 Storage Stability Stable 

830.6319 Miscibility Not designed to mix with any petroleum solvent 

830.6320 Corrosion Characteristics Non-corrosive 

830.6321 Dielectric breakdown 

voltage 

Not to be used around electrical equipment

830.7000 pH 9.26 

About 7 

830.7050 UV/Visible absorption Maximum of absorption can be observed at the following: 410 nm, 

335 nm, 320 nm, 263 nm, and 220 nm 

830.7100 Viscosity Not applicable 

Not a liquid 
 

Page 9 of 17 

Guideline No. Physical and Chemical 

Properties 

Value 

830.7200 Melting point Decomposes above 270°C 

830.7220 Boiling point 552.83 °C (Source: EPI Suite) 

830.7300 Density Density: 1.68 mg/L @ 20°C 

Relative density (water = 1): 1.63 g/ml; 1.687 g/cm3

Sp Gr. 1.68 g/ml @ 20°C 

830.7370 Dissociation Constant Requirement not applicable. 

Solubility n water - 0.07 ppm (at 25°C) 

No hydrolysis in water. 

Product does not have a disassociation constant between pH 2- 12. 

830.7550 Partition coefficient (noctanol/water) logP = 2.46 (distilled water, 25°C) 

log Pow: 2.46 (Source: EPI suite) 

830.7840 Solubility in water Insoluble 

0.07 mg/L (pH 7, 25°C) 

830.xxxx Solubility in organic 

solvents 

Slightly soluble in pyridine, quinoline, chloroform, xylene, dioxane 

and ethylene glycol. 

In methanol - 116 mg/L (25°C) 

In n-hexane - <0.01 mg/L (25°C) 

830.7950 Vapor pressure 4.6 x 10-8 Pascal (25°C) 

6.3E-012 mm Hg (Source: EPI Suite) 

Henry’s law constant: 7.849 x 10-13 atm-m3/mole (Source: EPI 

Suite) 

N/A = Not applicable; TGAI=Technical Grade Active Ingredient; CBI= Confidential Business Information 
 

Page 10 of 17 

Environmental Fate Summary 

Copper 8-quinolinolate is a compound composed of the inorganic (mineral) copper 

constituent and the organic 8-hydroxyquinoline component. Once separated by chemical or 

biochemical processes, these inorganic and organic parts of the molecule inherently have 

different environmental fate and chemical behavior. 

The Agency has reviewed nine environmental fate studies for copper 8-quinolinolate and 

the environmental fate guideline study results are summarized in Table 4 and the degradates are 

listed in Table 5. The Agency's conclusions for the degradation, metabolism, mobility, and

leaching into soils from antisapstain treatment of wood studies are as follows. 

The chemical equilibria of copper 8-hydroxyquinoline indicates the complex is a stable 

soluble Cu species from pH 5 to 9. Based on acceptable environmental fate data, the major route 

of dissipation for 8-hydroxyquinoline is through microbial-mediated degradation with 

subsequent residue incorporation into non-labile soil organic matter. 8-hydroxyquinoline 

degraded rapidly (DT50=1.74 days or DT90=47.65 days) in German and Swiss mineral soils. The 

copper 8-hydroxyquinoline complex was stable to abiotic hydrolysis in pH 5, 7, and 9 buffer 

solutions. However, the complex photolyzed rapidly (DT50 0.4 to 95.7 hours) in sensitized and 

nonsensitized pH 7, buffer solutions. 8-hydroxyquinoline and its degradates were immobile in 

soil column leaching studies; >88% of the radiolabeled residues were detected in the surface 6 

cm of the leaching column. These data indicate 8-hydroxyquinoline is non-persistent and 

immobile in terrestrial environments. Leaching from (sapstain use) copper 8-hydroxyquinoline 

treated Douglas fir wood is 666 mg/1000 board feet while for Hemlock it is 229 mg/1000 board 

feet after 8 stimulated rain cycles. The estimated log Kow for copper 8-quinolinolate is 2.5, which 

indicates that it is not likely to bioaccumulate/bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms like fish. 

Table 4. Environmental Fate Data Summary for Copper 8-Quinolinolate

OPP 

Guideline Fate Studies Half-Life Degradates Study Status 

161-1 Hydrolysis 

pH 5 

pH 7 

pH 9 

> 30 days in each pH 

(Stable) 

Half life at pH 5 was 

extrapolated to 630 days. 

Copper 8-hydroxyquinoline 

is stable in pH 5, 7, and 9 

buffer solutions. 

No major degradates. Acceptable 

MRID 42899001 

161-2 Aqueous 

Photolysis 

DT50 - 0.4 hours (in 

sensitized pH 7 buffer 

solution) 

DT50 - 60.4 to 95.7 hours 

(in non-sensitized pH 7 

buffer solution) 

Major photodegradate

Dihydroxyquinoline 

Acceptable 

MRID 42895501 
 

Page 11 of 17 

OPP 

Guideline Fate Studies Half-Life Degradates Study Status 

Photolytically copper-8 

quinolinate is unstable. 

Aerobic Soil 

Metabolism 

(European soils: 

The US 

equivalents are 

loamy sand and 

sandy loam) 

Uncomplexed oxine (8-

hydroxyquinoline) was not 

persistent (DT50 = 1.74 

days or DT90 = 47.65 days) 

in German and Swiss soils. 

The major route of 8-

hydroxyquinoline (oxine) 

dissipation was controlled 

through microbial-mediated 

mineralization with residue 

incorporation into nonlabile soil organic matter 

(fulvic and humic acids). 

There were many metabolites 

detected but the major one 

which was identified is the free 

ligand. 

Acceptable 

MRID 42895502

162-1 

Aerobic Soil 

Metabolism 

(Japanese soils 

equivalent to 

light loam and 

the other loam) 

This study was conducted 

for 16 weeks. The study 

indicate that in aerobic 

soils, the active does 

metabolizes and microbial 

decomposition does take 

place but up to maximum 

of 15% only by the end of 

week 16. Copper-8 

quinolinate, therefore is 

relatively stable in aerobic 

soils. 

A number of metabolites were 

detected but except for the 

identification of the free ligand, 

no other metabolites were 

identified. 

Supplemental 

MRID 43677301 

163-1 Unaged and 

Aged Soil 

Column 

Leaching 

Two studies were 

conducted on non-aged soil 

samples of the active and 

on the aged soil samples of 

the active. Both studies 

were run with 4 European 

soils which were equivalent 

US soils: sandy loam, 

loamy sand, sand and 

loamy sand. For samples in 

non-aged soils, 90% of the 

active was detected on the 

top 0-6 cm soil columns. 

For aged soils, 87.9% of the 

active stayed in the top 0-6 

cm soil columns. 

Uncomplexed oxine (8-

hydroxyquinoline) is not 

mobile in soils and will stay 

Aged oxine degradates were 

identified as oxine, nonextractable soil organic matter 

(fulvic and humic acids), and 

CO2. 

Acceptable 

MRID 42895503 

MRID 42895504
 

Page 12 of 17 

OPP 

Guideline Fate Studies Half-Life Degradates Study Status 

on the soil surfaces and is 

not likely to migrate out 

into ground water. 

Canadian Standard Leaching Test for Antisapstain Chemicals 

Leaching of 

copper 8-

quinolinolate 

antisapstain 

from Hemlock 

and Douglas 

Fir 

It leaches out from the wood surfaces when treated for antisapstain use. For 

Hemlock and Douglas Fir treated wood, leaching increases for the first four days 

and attains the minimum level after 8 days. A steady decline in concentration 

occurred from fourth to the eighth cycle. Rates of leaching is dependent on the 

concentration and retention of the active on the wood surfaces. 

The total amount of copper 8-quinolinolate leached from treated lumbers (eight 

leaching cycles) were 660 mg/thousand board feet of Hemlock and 229 

mg/thousand board feet of Douglas fir. 

In both studies the leaching rates increased for the first four rainfall cycles and 

declined thereafter. 

Supplemental 

MRID 43620602 

MRID 43620603 

Leaching of 

copper 8-

quinolinolate 

from Lumber 

Spray treated 

with Maag 

Sapstain 

This was a preparative study conducted with the objective of determining the 

quantity of copper oxine which leaches from: 1)freshly cut wood; 2) planed; 3) 

rough sawn hem-fir wood. The leaching was triggered with the simulated rainfall. 

The wood was treated with Nytek GD (oxine copper) and Nytek GD attached to a 

sticker. The spray methods were: a) conventional spray system and b) oil based 

formulation applied with electrostatic equipment. 

The simulated rainfall rate was 2.7 mm/hour and was triggered from a sprinkler 

system. 

Wood samples were treated with the rainfall two hours after the treatment as well 

as 24 hours after the treatment. 

Results: 1) Leaching was observed with both types of treated wood: Nytek GD 

and Nytek GD with a sticker. 2) Amounts of leachates declined with time; 3)More 

copper oxine leached from rough edged wood than with planed wood when the 

wood was treated with the conventional spray system; 4) leaching from 24 hour 

delayed rainfall treatement was 7% and leaching from 2 hour delayed rainfall 

treatment samples was 12% from rough edge wood samples. Planed wood showed 

no appreciable difference between the tow types. Delayed samples leached less; 5) 

Attachment of sticker did not result in any difference in leaching; 6) wood 

samples treated with electrostatic spray showed less leaching, but the application 

rate with this method of application was less than the conventional method of 

spray. 

Supplemental 

MRID 43637001 
Table 5. Degradates of Copper 8-quinolinolate

8-Hydroxyquinoline 

(Uncomplexed oxine) 

Mol Wt 145.1607 

C9H6NOH

Photoproduct:

Water Quality 

Copper 8-quinolinolate is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water bodies 

listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, based on information provided at 

http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation_cy.cause_detail_303d?p_cause_group_id=88

5 . In addition, no Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) have been developed for copper 8-

quinolinolate, based on information provided at 

http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation.tmdl_pollutant_detail?p_pollutant_group_id

=885&p_pollutant_group_name=PESTICIDES . More information on impaired water bodies 

and TMDLs can be found at http://www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/. The Agency invites submission 

of water quality data for this pesticide. To the extent possible, data should conform to the quality 

standards in Appendix A of the OPP Standard Operating Procedure: Inclusion of Impaired 

Water Body and Other Water Quality Data in OPP’s Registration Review Risk Assessment and 

Management Process (see: http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/ppdc/2006/november06/session1-

sop.pdf ), in order to ensure they can be used quantitatively or qualitatively in pesticide risk 

assessments. 

 

Page 13 of 17 
 

Page 14 of 17 

Ecological Effects Summary 

The Agency has reviewed twenty two ecotoxicology studies for copper 8-quinolinolate. 

The twenty two studies submitted on the 10 - 100% active ingredient were all found to be 

acceptable for use in a hazard assessment. Ecotoxicity guideline studies and the results are 

summarized in Table 6. The Agency's conclusions for the avian, aquatic effects and plant studies 

are as follows. 

Toxicity to Birds 

Available data indicate that copper 8-quinolinolate is slightly toxic to practically nontoxic 

to birds on an acute oral basis and sub-acute dietary basis. 

Toxicity to Aquatic Animals 

On an acute basis, copper 8-quinolinolate is highly to very highly toxic to freshwater fish; 

very highly toxic to freshwater invertebrates; and very highly toxic to estuarine/marine 

invertebrates. 

Toxicity to Plants 

Algal toxicity data indicate that copper 8-quinolinolate is detrimental at less than 1.0 ppm 

to green alga and marine diatom. Therefore, additional Tier II (dose response) studies listed on 

page 18 of this document are required. 

Table 6. Ecotoxicity Data Summary for Copper 8-quinolinolate 

GUIDE 

LINE 

COMMON 

NAME 

TAXONOMIC 

NAME 

TEST 

TYPE

% 

AI 

STUDY

TIME 

DOSE 

TYPE 

TOXI 

CITY 

TOX 

LEVEL NOEL STUDY STATUS 

TOX 

CATEGORY

Avian Acute Oral Toxicity

850.2100 

71-1 

Bobwhite 

quail 

Colinus 

virginianus 

O 99.5 14 D LD50 618 MGK N.D. Core Slightly 

Toxic 

850.2100 

71-1 

Mallard 

duck 

Anas 

platyrhynchos 

O 99.5 14 D LD50 >2000 MGK 2000 Core Practically 

Non-toxic 

Avian Subacute Dietary Toxicity

850.2200 

71-2a 

Bobwhite 

quail 

Colinus 

virginianus 

D 99.5 8 D LC50 3248 PPM 1300 Core Slightly 

Toxic 

850.2200 

71-2b 

Mallard 

duck 

Anas 

platyrhynchos 

D 99.5 8 D LC50 >5200 PPM 2600 Core Practically 

Non-toxic 

850.2200 

71-2a 

Bobwhite 

quail 

Colinus 

virginianus 

D 10 8 D LC50 3934 PPM N.R. Core Slightly 

Toxic 

850.2200 

71-2b 

Mallard 

duck 

Anas 

platyrhynchos 

D 10 8 D LC50 >10000 PPM 2419 Core Practically 

Non-toxic 

Freshwater Fish Acute Toxicity

850.1075 

72-1a 

Bluegill 

sunfish 

Lepomis 

macrochirus 

F 100 96 hr LC50 21.6 PPB 10.8 Core Very Highly 

toxic 

850.1075 

72-1a 

Bluegill 

sunfish 

Lepomis 

macrochirus 

S 90 96 hr LC50 290 PPB N.R. Suppl Highly toxic 

850.1075 

72-1a 

Bluegill 

sunfish 

Lepomis 

macrochirus 

S 10 96 hr LC50 180 PPB N.R. Core Very Highly 

toxic 

850.1075 Rainbow Oncorhynchus F 100 96 hr LC50 8.9 PPB 6.2 Core Very Highly 
 

Page 15 of 17 

GUIDE 

LINE 

COMMON 

NAME 

TAXONOMIC 

NAME 

TEST 

TYPE

% 

AI 

STUDY

TIME 

DOSE 

TYPE 

TOXI 

CITY 

TOX 

LEVEL NOEL STUDY STATUS 

TOX 

CATEGORY

72-1c trout mykiss toxic 

850.1075 

72-1c 

Rainbow 

trout 

Oncorhynchus 

mykiss 

SR 80 96 hr LC50 9.68 PPB 7.11 Core Very Highly 

toxic 

850.1075 

72-1c 

Rainbow 

trout 

Oncorhynchus 

mykiss 

S 10 96 hr LC50 110 PPB N.R. Core Very Highly 

toxic 

850.1075 

72-1a 

Coho 

salmon 

Oncorhynchus 

kisutch 

F 100 96 hr LC50 13.9 PPB 6.6 Core Very Highly 

toxic 

Freshwater Fish Early Life-Stage (Chronic)Toxicity

850.1400 

72-4a 

Rainbow 

trout 

Oncorhynchus 

mykiss 

S 100 95 D LOEC 

MATC

3.51 

Survive: 

3.51 

Growth: 

3.51 

>1.69 

<3.51 

PPB 1.69 Suppl Chronic toxic 

effects 

Fish Life Cycle Toxicity 

850.1500 

72-5 

Fathead 

minnow 

Pimephales 

promelas 

F 98 164 D LOEC 6.04 PPB 2.99 Core Chronic toxic 

effects 

Freshwater Invertebrate Acute Toxicity

850.1010 

72-2 

Water flea Daphnia 

magna 

F 98 48 hr EC50

LOEC 

162 

36 

PPB <36 Core Very Highly 

toxic 

Freshwater Invertebrate Life-Cycle (Chronic) Toxicity

850.1300 

72-4b 

Water flea Daphnia 

magna 

F 100 21 D LOEC 

Egg 

Hatch: 

Survive:

Growth:

MATC:

10.4 

35.1 

70.9 

10.4 

>6.4 

<10.4 

PPB 6.4 Suppl Chronic toxic 

effects 

Estuarine/Marine Mysid Acute Toxicity - Invertebrates

850.1035 

72-3c 

Mysid 

shrimp 

Americamysis 

bahia 

F 100 96 hr LC50 49.7 PPB 6.8 Suppl Very Highly 

toxic 

Oyster Acute Toxicity Test (Shell Deposition) - Invertebrates

850.1055 

72-3b 

Eastern 

oyster 

Embryos 

& Larvae 

Crassostrea 

virginica 

F 100 48 hr EC50 36.3 PPB 11.1 Core Very Highly 

toxic 

Algal Toxicity (Aquatic (Algal) Plant Growth Tier II)

850.5400 

123-2 

Green 

algae 

Dunaliella 

tertiolecta 

S 100 5 D EC50

LOEC 

14.3 

15.4 

PPB 9.0 Core Detrimental 

effects 

850.5400 

123-2 

Marine 

diatom 

Nitzschia 

punctata 

S 100 5 D EC50

LOEC 

7.3 

7.2 

PPB N.D. Suppl Detrimental 

effects 

850.5400 

123-2 

Marine 

diatom 

Skeletonema 

costatum 

S 98 5 D EC50 1.9 PPB <0.7 Core Detrimental 

effects 
 

Page 16 of 17 

Ecotoxicity data are adequate to provide the Agency with sufficient information to 

determine appropriate label precautions. 

Adverse Ecological Incidents 

There are no reported incidents in the Agency’s Ecological Incident Information System 

(EIIS) regarding copper 8-quinolinolate (PC Code 024002). The absence of documented 

incidents does not necessarily mean that such incidents did not occur. 

Ecological Effects Risk Assessment 

The Agency has not conducted a risk assessment that supports a complete endangered 

species determination. The ecological risk assessment planned during registration review will 

allow the Agency to determine whether copper 8-quinolinolate’s use has “no effect or “may 

affect” federally listed threatened or endangered species (listed species) or their designed critical 

habitats. When an assessment concludes that a pesticide’s use “may affect” a listed species or its 

designated critical habitat, the Agency will consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

and/or National Marine Fisheries Services (the Services), as appropriate.
 

Page 17 of 17 

Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicity Data Gaps and Anticipated Work 

 None.