-1- 

STATE OF MICHIGAN 

COURT OF APPEALS 

PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, 

 Plaintiff-Appellee, 

UNPUBLISHED 

December 6, 2016 

v No. 328246 

Wayne Circuit Court 

RYAN LASHAWN CHATMAN, LC No. 15-000181-FC 

 Defendant-Appellant. 

Before: GADOLA, P.J., and BORRELLO and STEPHENS, JJ. 

PER CURIAM. 

GADOLA, P.J. (concurring in part and dissenting in part). 

 I concur in the majority’s holding concerning the issue of prosecutorial error. But I 

respectfully dissent from its holding concerning judicial bias.

 Our Supreme Court set forth the standard to be applied to claims of judicial partiality in 

People v Stevens, 498 Mich 162, 170-178; 869 NW2d 233 (2015). In Stevens, the court held that 

judicial conduct that pierces the veil of judicial impartiality is structural error requiring reversal. 

Id. at 168. The court noted that whether the veil of impartiality has been pierced is a factspecific inquiry requiring a review of the totality of the circumstances of any given trial. Id. at 

171-172. The ultimate question on review is whether the trial judge improperly influenced the 

jury by creating an appearance of advocacy or partiality under the totality of the circumstances. 

Id. I do not believe that it is “clear or obvious” that this occurred in this case, and thus plain 

error did not occur. See People v Carines, 460 Mich 750, 763; 597 NW2d 130 (1999). 

 As the majority correctly points out, “[t]he only contested issue in this case was whether 

defendant shot Lawless unprovoked or in self-defense, and the question of who possessed 

weapons in the kitchen prior to the incident . . . was not so difficult for the jury to discern that it 

required clarification from the judge.” Furthermore, “[d]efendant admitted that he had a gun.” 

What this suggests is that the bulk of the judge’s questioning in this case went to an uncontested 

issue that was not at the heart of the defense theory of the case. While arguably oriented in favor 

of the prosecution, the judge’s questioning concerning defendant’s possession of a weapon, the 

type of weapon the defendant possessed, and whether the victim possessed a weapon, was not 

hostile and did not directly undermine the defense theory. Furthermore, this questioning can be 
-2- 

described as simply clarifying or, alternatively, merely repeating testimony that had already been 

presented on an uncontested issue. 

 Indeed, the judge’s questioning of prosecution witness Michigan State Police Lieutenant 

Bock was largely ineffectual and might actually have been helpful to the defendant, as the 

witness was unable to testify that the “state ID number” on the fingerprint identification card 

matched that of the defendant in this case. Again, while this questioning might have been 

slanted in favor of the prosecution, I cannot conclude that it pierced the veil of judicial 

impartiality given its non-argumentative nature and its intent to clarify whether the fingerprints 

on the fingerprint ID card were those of the defendant. 

 A review of the record reveals that the trial court asked a total of three questions in the 

course of a 3-day trial concerning the ultimate issue in dispute in this case, which concerned 

whether a physical struggle between the defendant and the victim led to the victim’s shooting. 

The court asked the victim: (1) “Did you ever grab anything . . . ?”; (2) “Do you remember ever 

grabbing a chair or anything?”; and (3) “Did you lay any hands on [defendant] at all?” These 

questions, while arguably unnecessary given the prosecution’s direct examination of the witness, 

were not hostile, as they were directed to the victim, and merely produced cumulative testimony 

concerning the events leading up to the shooting. Again, I cannot conclude that these questions 

pierced the veil of judicial impartiality. Furthermore, the trial court gave a proper limiting 

instruction to the jury as follows: “My comments, rulings, questions and instructions are . . . not 

evidence . . . . If you believe that I have an opinion about how you should decide this case, you 

must pay no attention to that opinion.” 

 While the trial judge’s questions were in large measure unnecessary and arguably 

inappropriate, I cannot conclude that the court improperly influenced the jury by creating an 

appearance of advocacy or partiality. It is not apparent to me that plain error occurred 

necessitating a reversal of defendant’s conviction. Therefore, I dissent from the holding of the 

majority concerning judicial bias. 

 

/s/ Michael F. Gadola