## DEVELOPMENT OF 2002 REGIONAL HAZE AREA, POINT, NONROAD MOBILE, AND ONROAD
MOBILE SOURCE EMISSION INVENTORIES FOR ST. JOHN, VIRGIN ISLANDS

Final Report

Prepared for:

Mr. Raymond K. Forde U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2 290 Broadway, APB-25th Floor New York, New York 10007-1866

Prepared by:

Dr. Frank Divita, Jr.
Dr. Jonathan G. Dorn E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 5528-B Hempstead Way

Springfield, VA 22151

Contract No. EP-D-07-097 Work Assignment No. 3-05

June 2010PECHAN June 2010

ii Final Report 

## ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Below are people who reviewed this document or who provided activity data, technical direction or assistance in the development of the Regi onal Haze Emissions Inventory for St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands:

Raymond Forde, EPA Region 2, New York Keshema Webbe, EPA Region 2, Caribbean Envir onmental Protection Division, Virgin Islands
Coordinator Office John Amerling, Attorney At Law, Sanf ord, Amerling & Associates, Sirenusa May Adams Cornwall, Executive Director, Virg in Islands Waste Management Authority; Akhil Deshwal, General Manager, Gallows Point Resort Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service Douglas Hodge, Division of Building Permits, Virgin Islands Department of Planning and
Natural Resources Bob Kelly, EPA Region 2, New York Matthew Laurita, EPA Region 2, New York Reema Loutan, EPA Region 2, New York Verline Marcellin, Virgin Island Departme nt of Planning and Natural Resources Robert Messick, Attorney At Law, Icard, Me rrill, Cullis, Timm, Furen & Ginsburg, P.A., representing Grand Bay Resort Michael Moltzen, EPA Region 2, New York Alvin Nazario, Director of Facilities, Caneel Bay Dr. Nadine Noorhasan, Virgin Island Depa rtment of Planning and Natural Resources Megan Pease, EPA Region 2, New York Greg Rhymer, Chief Operating Officer, Vi rgin Islands Water and Power Authority Bernard Richardson, Maintenance Manager, Myra h Keating Smith Commun ity Health Center; Steven Riva, EPA Region 2, New York Richard Ruvo, EPA Region 2, New York Cheryl Sturgess, Owner, Majestic Concrete; Bonnie Weinbach, EPA Region 2, New York Raymond Werner, EPA Region 2, New YorkPECHAN June 2010

iii Final Report 

## CONTENTS
Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ i i

TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vi

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
A. PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT ......................................................................................... 1
B. REPORT ORGANIZATION .............................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER II. DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS ESTIMATES ........................................ 3
A. ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION ......................................................... 3 1. What emissions categories are included? ....................................................................... 3

B. GENERAL EMISSION ESTI MATION METHODOLOGIES ......................................... 4 1. Point and Nonpoint Emission Estimates ............................................................................. 4 C. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES ....................................................................... 4 1. Task Planning............................................................................................................... ... 5 2. Data Handling .............................................................................................................. ... 5 3. Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. .... 8
D. AUDITS ..................................................................................................................... ....... 11
E. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER III. SMALL POINT SOUR CE EMISSIONS INVENTORY
DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................... .... 12
A. CANEEL BAY RESORT ................................................................................................. 12 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 12 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 12
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 13
B. GALLOWS POINT RESORT .......................................................................................... 14 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 14 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 14
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 16
C. GRAND BAY RESORT ................................................................................................... 16 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 16 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 17
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 18
D. MYRAH KEATING SMITH COMM UNITY HEALTH CENTER ................................ 19 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 19 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 19
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 21
E. SIRENUSA ................................................................................................................... .... 21 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 21 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 21
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 22
F. VIRGIN ISLANDS WATER & POWER AUTHORITY ................................................ 22 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 22 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 22
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 23
CHAPTER IV. NONPOINT SOURCE EMI SSIONS INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT .... 24PECHAN June 2010

iv Final Report A. AGRICULTURAL FIELD BURNING ............................................................................ 24 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 24 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 24
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 24
B. FOREST WILDFIRES ..................................................................................................... 24 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 24 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 25
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 26
C. FUGITIVE DUST – PAVED ROADS ............................................................................. 26 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 26 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 27
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 28
D. FUGITIVE DUST – UNPAVED ROADS ....................................................................... 29 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 29 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 29
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 30
E. LANDFILLS .................................................................................................................. ... 31 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 31 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 31
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 32
F. MAJESTIC CONCRETE – BATCH MIXING FACILITY ............................................. 32 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 32 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 32
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 36
G. MANAGED BURNING – LOGGING DEBRIS ............................................................. 36 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 36 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 37
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 37
H. OPEN BURNING – HOUSEHOLD WASTE .................................................................. 37 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 37 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 37
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 37
I. OPEN BURNING – YAR D WASTE - BRUSH .............................................................. 38 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 38 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 38
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 39
J. OPEN BURNING – YAR D WASTE - LEAVES ............................................................ 40 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 40 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 40
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 42
K. PRESCRIBED FOREST BURNING ............................................................................... 43 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 43 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 43
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 43
L. PRESCRIBED RANGELAND BURNING ..................................................................... 43 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 43PECHAN June 2010

v Final Report 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 44
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 44
M. RESIDENTIAL BOILERS - LPG .................................................................................... 44 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 44 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 45
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 47
N. RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................. 47 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 47 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 48
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 51
O. SMALL ELECTRIC UTILITY BOILERS ...................................................................... 52 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 52 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 52
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 54
P. STRUCTURE FIRES ....................................................................................................... 55 1. Description ................................................................................................................ .... 55 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ . 55
3. References ................................................................................................................. .... 56
CHAPTER V. COMMERCIAL MARINE VESSEL EMISSIONS INVENTORY
DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................... .... 57
A. DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................. 57
1. Ports of Interest .......................................................................................................... ... 57 2. Vessel Types ............................................................................................................... .. 57
B. ACTIVITY DATA ............................................................................................................ 5 8 1. Oceangoing vessels ....................................................................................................... 5 8
C. EMISSION FACTORS ..................................................................................................... 62
D. SOURCE CLASSIFICATION C ODE (SCC) ASSIGNMENTS ..................................... 64

E. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................... 64
F. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 65
CHAPTER VI. HIGHWAY MOBILE S OURCE EMISSIONS INVENTORY
DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................... .... 67
CHAPTER VII. EMISSION SUMMARIES ........................................................................... 68
APPENDIX A. FINAL CLOSE OUT PRESENTATION ................................................. A-77PECHAN June 2010

vi Final Report 

## TABLES

Table II-1. Sample Quality Assurance Check List ........................................................................ 7 Table II-2. Data Rating ...................................................................................................... ............ 8 Table II-3. Data Rating Key .................................................................................................. ....... 10
Table III-1. Emission Factors for Unc ontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines ................................. 13
Table III-2. Emission Factors for Unc ontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines ................................. 15
Table III-3. Emission Factors for Propane Laundry Dryers ........................................................ 15
Table III-4. Emission Factors for Unc ontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines ................................. 17
Table III-5. Emission Factors for Propane Pool Heaters ............................................................. 18
Table III-6. Emission Factors for Unc ontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines ................................. 20
Table III-7. Emission Factors fo r Propane Hot Water Heaters .................................................... 20
Table III-8. Emission Factors for Electric Utility IC Engines ..................................................... 23
Table IV-1. Emission Factors for Fuel Burned during Forest Wildfires ..................................... 25
Table IV-2. Constants for Paved Roads Reen trained Dust Emission Factor Equation ............... 28
Table IV-3. PM Emission Factor s (lb/VMT) for Paved Roads ................................................... 28 Table IV-4. Constants for Unpaved Roads R eentrained Dust Emissi on Factor Equation ........... 30
Table IV-5. PM Emission Factors (lb/VMT) for Unpaved Roads............................................... 30 Table IV-6. Average Composition of One Cubic Yard of Concrete ........................................... 33
Table IV-7. Emission Factors for Un controlled Aggregate Transfer .......................................... 33
Table IV-8. Emission Factors fo r Uncontrolled Sand Transfer ................................................... 33
Table IV-9. Emission Factors for Un controlled Weight Hopper Loading .................................. 34
Table IV-10. Emission Factor Parameters ................................................................................... 34
Table IV-11. Emission Factors fo r Controlled Truck Mixing ..................................................... 35
Table IV-12. Emission Factors for Open Burning of Brush Waste ............................................. 39
Table IV-13. Emission Factors for Open Burning of Leaf Waste ............................................... 41
Table IV-14. Emission Factors for Residentia l Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Combustion ... 46
Table IV-15. Surface Area Dist urbed per 1-Unit Structure ......................................................... 48
Table IV-16. Emission Factors fo r Residential Construction ...................................................... 49
Table IV-17. Corrected Emission Factors for 1-Unit Structures Without Below Grade
Foundations ................................................................................................................... ................ 50
Table IV-18. Corrected Emission Factors for 1-Unit Structures With Below Grade
Foundations ................................................................................................................... ................ 50
Table IV-19. Corrected Emission Factors for Soil Excavated for Below Grade Foundations .... 50
Table IV-20. Uncontrolled Small Electric Uti lity Boiler Emission Factors for Distillate Oil
Combustion .................................................................................................................... ............... 53
Table IV-21. Emission Fact ors for Structure Fires ...................................................................... 55 Table V-1. Vessel Categories by St. John Port ............................................................................ 58
Table V-2. 2002 St. John Vesse l Calls by Vessel Type............................................................... 59 Table V-3. Summary of Listed Vessel and Engine Data ............................................................. 59
Table V-4. Vessel Mode Definitions ........................................................................................... 60 Table V-5. Propulsion Engi ne Load Factors by Vessel Type and Mode ..................................... 62 Table V-6. Auxiliary Engine Load Factors by Vessel Type and Mode ....................................... 62
Table V-7. U.S. EPA Marine En gine Category Definitions ........................................................ 62 Table V-8. EPA Marine Engine Category by Vessel Type ......................................................... 63
Table V-9. Criteria Pollutant Emissi on Factors for Category 3 Engines ..................................... 63PECHAN June 2010

vii Final Report Table V-10. Criteria Pollutant Emission F actors for Category 1 and 2 Engines ......................... 63 Table V-11. Brake-Specific Fuel Co nsumption for Marine Engines .......................................... 64 Table V-12. SCC Assignments by Vessel and Engine Type ....................................................... 64
Table VII-1. Emissi ons Summary by Invent ory and Pollutant .................................................... 68
Table VII-2. Small Point Emissions Su mmary by Pollutant and Facility ................................... 68
Table VII-3. Small Point Emi ssions by Facility and SCC ........................................................... 69 Table VII-4. Nonpoint Emissions by SCC .................................................................................. 71
Table VII-5. CMV Emissions Summar y by Pollutant and Vessel Type ..................................... 73 Table VII-6. CMV Emissions by Vessel Type and SCC ............................................................. 74PECHAN June 2010

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1 Final Report 

## CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

Section 169A of the Clean Air Act (CAA) provide s authority to the Environmental Protection Agency to require State Implementation Plans (SIPs) to protect visibility in Federal Class I areas. The U.S. Virgin Islands (VI) National Park, loca ted on St. John, VI, is a Federal Class I area. For the purpose of developing SIPs to comply with the Regional Haze Rule, an emissions inventory based on annual emissions is required. Furthermore, the CAA calls for state and local agencies to develop a base year emissions inventory that is comp rehensive, accurate and current
for actual emissions. The invent ory is expected to include emission estimates from point, nonpoint, nonroad mobile, and onroad mobile sources.

Emissions inventories required by the Regional Haze Rule are needed to develop control strategy programs to reduce emissions from air pollutants to meet visibility standards. For regional haze emissions inventories, the air pollutants that are taken into account are primary emissions (filterable and condensable) from particulate matter 10 microns or less (PM 10 ) and particulate matter 2.5 microns or less (PM 2.5 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO

x ), volatile organic compounds (VOC), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and ammonia (NH 3 ).



### A. PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT

The purpose of this project is to develop a 2002 regional haze emissions in ventory that contains annual emissions from selected point, nonpoint , nonroad mobile, and onroad mobile source categories expected to contribute to air pollution in St. John, VI . This report documents the development of the emission inventory, including de tailed descriptions of emissions calculation methodologies.

For this project, EPA pre-selected the source categories to include in this inventory effort. These categories were selected because it is anticipated that they ha ve the most significant impact on air quality in St. John.



### B. REPORT OR GANIZATION

Chapter II (Development of Emissions Estimates) describes the activity data inputs, the emission source categories, and provides a brief descript ion of the emission estimation methodologies. Chapter II also describes the quality assuran ce procedure followed duri ng the emission inventory development process.

Chapters III-VI provide information on the emissi ons inventories by source sector. Chapter III (Small Point Source Emissions Inventory Developm ent) lists the small point sources for which 2002 emissions are calculated, and documents th e emission estimation methodologies. Chapter IV (Nonpoint Emissions Invent ory Development) documents the nonpoint source emissions estimates. Chapter V (Commercial and Marine Vessel Emissions Inventory) documents the development of non-road mobile emission estim ates. Chapter VI (Highway Mobile Source Emissions Inventory) describes on-road mobile emission estimates for St. John and Chapter VII (Emission Summaries) provides tabu lar summaries of emissions. References are provided at thePECHAN June 2010

2 Final Report end of each chapter. Appendix A contains the fi nal close out presentation delivered to EPA Region 2 in New York on June 28, 2010.PECHAN June 2010

3 Final Report 

## CHAPTER II. DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS ESTIMATES

A. ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. What emissions categories are included?

Pechan estimated air pollution emissions for the following categories:

a. Small Point Sources

 Caneel Bay Resort

 Gallows Point Resort

 Grand Bay Resort

 Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center

 SirenUSA

 Virgin Islands Water & Power Authority

b. Nonpoint Sources

 Agricultural Field Burning

 Forest Wildfires

 Fugitive Dust – Paved Roads

 Fugitive Dust – Unpaved Roads

 Landfills

 Majestic Concrete – Batch Mixing Facility

 Managed Burning – Logging Debris

 Open Burning – Household Waste

 Open Burning – Yard Waste - Brush

 Open Burning – Yard Waste - Leaves

 Prescribed Forest Burning

 Prescribed Rangeland Burning

 Residential Boilers - LPG

 Residential Construction

 Small Electric Utility Boilers

 Structure Fires

c. Commercial Marine Vessels

 Cargo Ships

 Cruise Ships

 FerriesPECHAN June 2010

4 Final Report d. Highway Mobile Sources

Like other emissions inventories, the emissions inventories developed in this document have limitations based on the availability of data that differ by source categories and pollutant. These limitations are discussed in this document, and it is important to review them before interpreting
the results.



### B. GENERAL EMISSION ES TIMATION METHODOLOGIES

This report subsection provides a de scription of the general methods used to estimate emissions. Chapters III, IV, and V of this report document the detailed methods used for each source sector.

1. Point and Nonpoint Emission Estimates

Pechan estimated year 2002 emissions from sta tionary point and nonpoint sources at the SCC level. The sources presented in Chapter III and labe led as "Small Point Sources", are in fact, treated as nonpoint sources for the purpose of assigning the sour ce classification code to the
emissions estimates. The reason is because the em issions from these sources are too low to meet the EPA definition of point sources. For the mo st part, emissions are estimated using emission factors, activity estimates, and control f actors according to the following formula:

E y = u y × EF × CF

where:

E y = annual emissions (ton/year)

u y = annual activity (e.g., volume of fuel used (gallons))

EF = emission factor (e.g., tons of pollu tant emitted/gallon of fuel used) CF = control factor (Note: CF= (1-CE/100) , where CE is the control efficiency (%))

Pechan obtained emissions factors from the latest and most readily available Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) Guidance, AP-42 or other EPA approved inventory development guidance (i.e., ERG 2001, ERG 2003, Pechan 2006, and Pechan 2010). During work on the 2002 and 2008 NEI, Pechan compiled a database of emission factors by SCC that were relied upon for use in this project. Pechan developed this database using the latest emission factors available from the EIIP guidance, AP-42, and EPA documentation for the air toxics component
of the NEI.

Several local sources provided activity data as described in Chapte rs III, IV, and V.



### C. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES

At the beginning of the project, Pechan prepared a quality assurance plan (QAP) for the project. EPA reviewed and provided comments on the draft plan, and Pechan revised the plan to address EPA’s comments. The EPA subsequently approv ed the revised plan. This section of the document explains how Pechan implemente d the technical requirements of the QAP.PECHAN June 2010

5 Final Report 1. Task Planning

Task planning included allocating the resources needed to implement the QA procedures outlined in the QAP, ensuring that project personnel were appropriately trained to complete the scope of work, and scheduling QA activities at appropriate points during development of the inventories. In the first step Pechan developed and documented the methods for each source category in the form of an inventory preparation plan. Chapters III, IV, and V of this report discuss these methods. In the second step Pech an prepared the data handling procedures and QA check lists. In the third step, Pechan implemented the data formats and QA procedures to ensure data integrity thr oughout the inventory development process.

a. Personnel Training

All project personnel received a copy of the QAP. After pr oject personnel read the QAP, Pechan’s Project Manager held a project team meeting with the personnel to review the QAP and to answer questions. In addition, all members of the project team received training on the data collection and handling formats and proce dures, documentation methods, and reporting procedures used during the proj ect. This training ensured th at all personnel collected, documented, and recorded emissions data in a consistent manner.

Pechan’s Project Manager was responsible for pr oviding this training. In addition, all project personnel reviewed the QAP and became familiar with the QA procedures applied during the project. Pechan’s QA Coordinator/technical reviewer provided addi tional quality-related training.

b. Schedule and Project Planning

Pechan developed and implemented the methods and data file formats for implementing the technical requirements of the QAP at the beginni ng of the project. This approach focused on early detection and prevention of potential quality problems, rather than inspecting completed work and correcting problems that alrea dy occurred. The Project Manager and QA
Coordinator/technical revi ewer assisted the project team to maintain the quality of the data collected and the deliverables produced. Key elements of the decisions included preparing documentation of the methods (i.e., activity data to be used, emission factors, and example calculations) and preparing the workbook templates. Pechan then reviewed and revised these
elements as needed.

2. Data Handling

Data handling includes all the aspects of follo wing the data through the inventory development process. These aspects include: coding and recording the data; data tracking; correcting data and handling corrected data.

Pechan’s Project Manager and QA Coordinator/technical reviewer developed standard formats for compiling and storing activity and emission factor data for each category into a “calculationPECHAN June 2010

6 Final Report workbook template” in a Microsof t (MS) Excel workbook file. These formats included NIF fields for adding the State and County Federal Information Proce ssing Standards (FIPS) codes, source classification codes (SCCs), pollutant name s and NIF codes, and un its for activity data
and emission factors.

For each source category, the “workbook templa te” contains a spreadsheet of emissions calculations, including the activity data and emi ssion factors. Pechan compared the emissions calculated in the spreadsheets to the emissions incl uded in the final data summary to ensure that the emissions were calculated correctly.

a. Data Coding and Recording

Pechan used EPA's Emission Inventory System (EIS; www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eis/) data codes to identify State and County FIPS, SCC, pollutant, a nd units for activity data and emission factors. Pechan used the descriptions fo r the codes to select the appr opriate codes for each source
category.

b. Data Tracking

Data tracking takes place through the use of “cal culation workbook templates” developed in MS Excel to ensure consistent formats for recording emission estimates, calculations, and associated
individual data for all emission sources. Calculations performe d in these workbooks contain the raw data, calculations, and references.

For each source category, documentation of the me thods, results of the projection, and emission summaries were developed and reviewed. Pechan prepared a work plan that contained written methods to document how the emissions inventory would be developed for each source category. The methods provided a brief description of the source category, identified the SCC assigned to the source category, documented the sources of activity data, the pollutants and pollutant emission factors, growth and control factors. Pechan’s QA Coordinato r reviewed the methods for accuracy and completeness. The work plan was submitted to the EPA WAM for review and comment, and was revised to address the EPA WAM’s comments.

Pechan prepared a QA check-list and, for each source category, added it as a separate spreadsheet to an MS Excel workbook. The wo rkbook is included with the electronic files delivered to EPA for this project. Table II-1 pr ovides an example check- list. For each category, Pechan’s QA Coordinator worked through the check list and provided note s for check-list items for which QA issues were identified. The proj ect team members then reviewed the comments, completed revisions to the spreadsheets, and do cumented in the QA check-list spreadsheet that the revision was completed. The Project Manager th en checked to make sure that the corrections were completed accurately to address each QA item identified.

c. Correcting Data

The “calculation workbook template” for each source category serves as the written audit trail for tracking corrections made to the data. The Pechan QA Coordinator periodically checked thePECHAN June 2010

7 Final Report “calculation workbook templates” to ensure that the check list was being filled out correctly and that the QA issues identified were addr essed and documented in the workbook file.

Table II-1. Sample Quality Assurance Check List

Category Name:

QA Check Reviewer Date Comments Respondent/ Response Final Approval 1. Are SCCs valid and do the SCCs assigned match the category description? 2. If a growth factor was used, have checks been performed on the raw data used to calculate the growth factors? 3. If a growth factor was used, was the growth factor applied correctly in estimating 2002 activity
data? 4. If 2002 emissions were calculated using actual 2002 activity data, have spot checks been performed on calculation cells within the spreadsheet? Note: One spot check will be performed for each SCC to verify results. 5. If activity and emission factors are on a different unit basis, was/were correct conversion factor(s) applied? Note: perform a hand calculation to replicate
conversion
6. Are PM 10 emissions greater than or equal to
PM 2.5 emissions?
7. Have final emissions been screened for
outliers? 8. Does worksheet contain raw data, calculations, and references?
9. Are the emission factor s presented in the draft report the same as the emission factors used in
the calculation workbook? 10. Do sample calculations in draft report agree
with workbook calculations? 11. Have emissions been calculated for every pollutant specified in the Work Plan?

d. Missing Data

Pechan identified missing data elements througho ut the project and worked to collect missing
elements. These efforts are documented in the work plan, progress repo rts, and data tracking
sheets.

e. Review of Estimates

Pechan reviewed the emission estimates for qual ity and identification of outliers. Pechan documented and corrected any errors noted.

In addition, Pechan prepared emission summari es. These summaries display annual emissions by source category, and pollutant. We compared these to previous emissions estimates in thePECHAN June 2010

8 Final Report 2002 NEI. If we identified significant differences in the emissions estimates, we reviewed the
data.

3. Data Analysis

Data analysis includes identific ation of emission sources and activ ity data collecti on, selection of appropriate emission factors, emission estim ation methods, emission calculations, and data validation procedures. Data QA and control is an iterative process w ith automated and manual steps that Pechan performs to check the reas onableness and completene ss of emissions data.

a. Identification of Emission Sources and Activity Data Collection

EPA identified and defined the emission sour ces to include in the 2002 St. John emission inventory. Pechan’s approach us ed EPA-approved methods and loca l activity data collected with the assistance of EPA Region 2 to develop emi ssions databases generated from the “bottom-up”. When local activity data for 2002 was unavailable, th e best available data from another year was used as a surrogate for 2002 year data.

Table II-2 provides a summary of the data co llected and a qualitative rating of the data completeness. Table II-3 provides descriptions of the data rating.

Table II-2. Data Rating

Source Category Description of Data Collected Data Rating Major Category Minor Category Description

Small Point Sources

Point Source Resort Caneel Bay Resort Back-up power generator size, type and fuel consumption. A

Point Source Resort Gallows Point Resort Fuel consumption for two propane laundry dryers, back-up generator size, type and hours of operation. B

Point Source Condominium Grand Bay Reso rt Back-up generator is used on site. No information on size or fuel usage. Propane pool heater and approximate fuel consumption. E

Point Source Hospital Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center Back-up generator type, size, fuel consumption rate, and hours of operation. Propane hot water heater type and size. No information on fuel consumption for hot water heater. No medical waste burning. B

Point Source Condominium Sirenusa No data received. Did not break ground until 2006, so emissions assumed to be zero for 2002 inventory. F

Point Source Industry VI Water & Power Authority Back-up power generator type, size, fuel consumption rate, annual fuel consumption, and no emission control system. No power generation facility on St. John. Power is supplied via undersea cable from St. Thomas. APECHAN June 2010

9 Final Report Source Category Description of Data Collected Data Rating Major Category Minor Category Description

Nonpoint Sources

Waste Disposal,
Treatment and Recovery Landfills Total; All Categories Landfill volume, status of landfill (i.e., inactive) and information on methane flaring A

Mobile Source Fugitive Dust from Paved and Unpaved
Roads All Paved Roads; Total; Fugitives No data received. F

Miscellaneous Area Sources Managed Burning - Slash Total; Managed Burning - Slash (Logging Debris) No burning in 2002 A

Miscellaneous Area Sources Prescribed Burning Total; Forest Management; Prescribed Burning No burning in 2002 A

Miscellaneous Area Sources Prescribed Burning Total; Rangeland Management; Prescribed Burning No burning in 2002 A

Miscellaneous Area Sources Residential
Household Waste Open Burning Total; Household Waste; Open Burning No burning in 2002 A

Miscellaneous Area Sources Agriculture Production - Crops Agricultural Field Burning;
Total No burning in 2002 A

Miscellaneous Area Sources Residential Yard Waste Burning -
Leaves Total; Yard Waste; Open Burning - Leaves Percent composition of yard waste by vegetation type (i.e., grass, brush, and leaves), percent of population that burns yard waste. C

Miscellaneous Area Sources Industry Majestic Concrete Sand and aggregate storage method, concrete mixing, c oncrete constituent loading, surface at site, controls, and quantity of concrete mixed in 2006. C

Miscellaneous
Area Sources Residential Yard Waste Burning -
Brush Total; Yard Waste; Open Burning - Brush Percent composition of yard waste by vegetation type (i.e., grass, brush, and leaves), percent of population that burns yard waste. C

Miscellaneous Area Sources Wildfires Total; Forest Wildfires Acres burned in 2002. C

Miscellaneous Area Sources Residential Construction - Fugitive Dust Total; All Processes; Construction Number of residential building permits, percent of houses that have part of their foundation below grade. C

Commercial Marine Vessels

Marine Ferry Traffic Cruz Bay No data received. Data on ship calls pulled
for VI WAPA website. E

Marine Cruise Ship Traffic Cruz Bay No data received. Data on ship calls pulled
for VI WAPA website. E

Marine Marine Cargo Traffic Eni ghed Pond Marine Facility No data received. Data on ship calls pulled
for VI WAPA website. E

Highway Mobile Sources

All Vehicle Categories No data received. FPECHAN June 2010

10 Final Report Table II-3. Data Rating Key

Rating Description 1

A Data acquired for 100% of variables used in es timating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

B Data acquired for 80% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

C Data acquired for 60% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

D Data acquired for 40% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

E Data acquired for 20% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

F No data received.

1 Note: When data acquired was less than 100%, missing variabl es were approximated using surrogate data.

b. Emission Estimation Methods

Pechan selected appropriate emission estimation methods and emission factors that matched the level of activity data for each s ource category. In selecting emission factors for the area source categories, Pechan relied on the emission factors th at EPA previously used in the 2008 NEI. We
choose these references for the emission factors in order to maintain consistency between other EPA emissions inventories. In addition, the emi ssion factors that EPA selected for use in the NEI originate from published data sources such as the EIIP Guidance, Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System, and AP-42. When EPA selected the emission factors for use in the NEI, the quality of the emi ssion factors were considered in selecting the emission factors.

c. Emission Calculations

This section summarizes the QA steps that Pe chan performed in developing the emission inventory. The first QA review i nvolved comparing the units of th e activity data to the emission factor units to verify unit compatibility. For activity and emission fact ors units that did not match, Pechan converted the emission factors to the appropriate units. Pechan preformed spot checks on the calculations (one for each SCC) to ve rify the results. Repli cation of calculations was a basic quantitative QA/QC pro cedure. Members of Pechan’s project team were responsible for self-checking all original calculations. T eam members self-checked the calculation method via manual calculation. Team members replicated one complete set of calculations from the “calculation workbook template”. In addition to ve rifying the mathematical correctness of the calculation, team members verified the data values used in the calculation. Pechan’s QA Manager independently reviewed calculat ions completed by project team staff.

d. Data Reporting

In addition to the data summaries and documentation that are provided in this report, Pechan also prepared and submitted to EPA the 2002 region al haze inventory data in MS Excel.PECHAN June 2010

11 Final Report 

### D. AUDITS

Pechan conducted one internal a udit of project activities. This section briefly describes the results of the audit and proce dures for correcting any quality problems identified during the
audits.

The Pechan QA Coordinator conduct ed the audit. The audit in cluded an assessment of data collection, documentation, handling, calculation, and reporting procedures as well as an evaluation of whether the QA procedures outlined in this QAP were followed. The primary goals of the audits were to prevent quality pr oblems from occurring and to correct any problems identified at an early stage in the project.

The QA Coordinator worked with the Project Manager and technical team to develop a checklist for the audit. The audit focused on overall quality issues as well as specific issues that were identified by the Project Manager and technical reviewer as potential problems. The audit included interviews with members of the projec t team; review of project notebooks and data collection forms; and review of documentation.



### E. REFERENCES

ERG, 2001: Gasoline Marketing, Volume III , Chapter 11, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Area Sources Committee, January 2001.

ERG, 2003: Documentation for the Final 1999 N onpoint Area Source National Emission Inventory For Hazardous Air Pollutants (Version 3) , prepared for Emission Factor and Inventory Group, U.S. Environmental Protecti on Agency, prepared by ERG, Inc. August 26, 2003.

Pechan, 2006: Documentation for the Final 2002 Non-Point Source National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants , prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Pechan Report No. 05.10.001/9014.401, January 18, 2006.

Pechan 2010: Development of the 2008 Non-Point Source National Emission Inventory (http://projects.pechan.com/EPA/Non-Po int_Emission_Estimates/index.html) , prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.,
March 2010.PECHAN June 2010

12 Final Report 

## CHAPTER III. SMALL POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS
INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

This chapter provides descriptions of the sour ce categories, methods, emissions factors, and
information sources used to cal culate emissions for the small point source categories that EPA identified individually by name and location. Example calculations are also provided for each point source category using actual data.

It is important to note that none of the emission sources listed in this chapter meet EPA's definition of major point source because they do not emit or have the potential to emit at least 10 tons per year of any one HAP, or at least 25 tons per year of a combination of HAPs. Typically EPA defines these small stationary sources as area sources because they do not exceed the thresholds for major source designation.



### A. CANEEL BAY RESORT

1. Description

Caneel Bay Resort borders the Virgin Islands National Park and is comprised of 166 guest quarters (CBR, 2010). The primary emissions are from two diesel back-up power generators.

For this Resort, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Commercial/
Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

Caneel Bay Resort operates two 725 kW CAT GENSET back-up diesel generators. In 2004, these generators ran for 332 hours consuming 2 5,232 gallons of diesel fuel (Nazario, 2010).

b. Control Data

There are no reported emission control devices on the two back-up power generators (Nazario, 2010).

c. Emission Factors

Table III-1 lists the emission factors used to calculate CAP emissions for uncontrolled diesel generators (Huntley, 2009).PECHAN June 2010

13 Final Report

Table III-1. Emission Factors for Uncontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.83 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 1.08 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 1.3 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 2.13 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 2.38 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 20 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.34 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 42.6 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Total diesel consumption in 2004 =25,232 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2004 = PM 2.5 EF × total diesel consumption

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2004 = 0.83 lb/10 3 gallons × 25.232 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2004 = 20.94 lbs or 1.05E-2 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for th is source category is “Caneel Bay Resort.”

3. References

CBR, 2010: Caneel Bay Resort, Accommodations at http://www.caneelbay.com/rooms.cfm, viewed February 2010.

Huntley, 2009: Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultatio n with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_c omparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.

Nazario, 2010: Alvin Nazario, Director of Facilities, Caneel Bay Resort, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., January 29,

2010.PECHAN June 2010

14 Final Report 

### B. GALLOWS POINT RESORT

1. Description

Gallows Point Resort is located in Cruz Bay and is comprised of 50 one-bedroom suites (GPR, 2010). The primary emissions are from a diesel back-up power generator and two propane laundry dryers.

For this Resort, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Commercial/
Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Commercial/
Institutional Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

Gallows Point Resort operates a 4 kW CAT b ack-up diesel generator and two propane laundry dryers. In 2009, the back-up generator ran for approximately 30 hours (Deshwal, 2010). A review of typical fuel consump tion for small generators revealed that the average 4 kW diesel generator consumes approximately 0.5 gallons of fuel per hour (for ex ample, see Kubota, 2010 and DS&S, 2010). Thus, the total diesel cons umption in 2009 was approximately 15 gallons (DS&S, 2010).The laundry dryers consumed 2,672 gallons of propa ne (Deshwal, 2010).

b. Control Data

There are no reported emission control devices on the back-up power genera tor or laundry dryers (Deshwal, 2010).

c. Emission Factors

Table III-2 lists the emission fact ors used to calculate CAP emissions for the uncontrolled diesel generator (Huntley, 2009) and Tabl e III-3 lists the em ission factors used to calculate CAP emissions from the propane laundry dryers. The emission factors for propane laundry dryers are
assumed to be the same as the emission factors for LPG combustion.PECHAN June 2010

15 Final Report

Table III-2. Emission Factors for Uncontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.83 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 1.08 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 1.3 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 2.13 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 2.38 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 20 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.34 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 42.6 Huntley, 2009

Table III-3. Emission Factor s for Propane Laundry Dryers

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (LB/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.01 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.02 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0.03 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.04 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.05 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 14.23 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.52 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 0.06 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Diesel Power Generator Total diesel consumption in 2009 = 15 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = PM 2.5 EF × total diesel fuel consumption

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 0.83 lb/10 3 gallons × 0.015 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 1.25E-2 lbs or 6.23E-6 tons

Propane Laundry Dryers Total propane consumption in 2009 = 2,672 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = PM 2.5 EF × total propane fuel consumed

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 0.01 lb/10 3 gallons × 2.672 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 2.67E-2 lbs or 1.37E-5 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutantPECHAN June 2010

16 Final Report emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Gallows Point Resort.”

3. References

Deshwal, 2010: Akhil Deshwal, General Ma nager, Gallows Point Resort, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., January 13,

2010.

GPR, 2010: Gallows Point Resort, Gallows Point Resort, St. John U.S. Virgin Islands at http://www.gallowspointresort.com/, viewed February 2010.

DS&S, 2010: Diesel Service & Supply, Inc., Approximate Fuel Consumption Chart , at http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/Diesel _Fuel_Consumption.aspx, viewed March

2010.

Huntley, 2009: Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultatio n with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_c omparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.

Kubota, 2010: Kubota Diesel Generator 7000 Watt Low Boy, at http://www.peakpowertools.com/Kubota- Heavy-Duty-Diesel-7000-Watt-Generatorp/gkb7000.htm, viewed March 2010.



### C. GRAND BAY RESORT

1. Description

Grand Bay Resort is a condominium complex locat ed in Cruz Bay. The Grand Bay Resort broke ground in 2003 and, as of February 2010, there we re 48 units completed with 32 of these sold and occupied (Messick, 2010). The primary emissi ons are from a diesel b ack-up power generator and a pool heater.

For this Resort, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Commercial/
Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Commercial/
Institutional Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor TypesPECHAN June 2010

17 Final Report 2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

Grand Bay Resort operates a large back-up di esel generator and a propane pool heater. Information on the type and size of the generato r and pool heater are unknown, but the generator operates for approximately 100 hours per year an d the pool heater consumes approximately 1,000 gallons of propane per year (Messick, 2010 ). Based on information from Caneel Bay Resort, the diesel generator at Grand Bay Resort was assumed to be 725 kW with a fuel consumption rate of 76 gallons per hour. Therefor e, the total diesel consumption in 2009 was 7,600 gallons.

b. Control Data

There are no reported emission control devices on the back-up power gene rator or pool heater (Messick, 2010).

c. Emission Factors

Table III-4 lists the emission fact ors used to calculate CAP emissions for the uncontrolled diesel generator (Huntley, 2009) and Tabl e III-5 lists the em ission factors used to calculate CAP emissions from the propane pool heater. The em ission factors for the propane pool heater are
assumed to be the same as the emission factors for LPG combustion.

Table III-4. Emission Factors for Uncontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.83 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 1.08 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 1.3 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 2.13 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 2.38 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 20 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.34 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 42.6 Huntley, 2009PECHAN June 2010

18 Final Report Table III-5. Emission Factor s for Propane Pool Heaters

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.01 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.02 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0.03 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.04 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.05 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 14.23 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.52 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 0.06 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Diesel Power Generator Total diesel consumption in 2009 = 7,600 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = PM 2.5 EF × total diesel fuel consumption

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 0.83 lb/10 3 gallons × 7.6 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 6.31 lbs or 3.15E-3 tons

Propane Pool Heater Total propane consumption in 2009 = 1,000 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = PM 2.5 EF × total propane fuel consumed

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 0.01 lb/10 3 gallons × 1.00 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 1.00E-2 lbs or 5.00E-6 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Grand Bay Resort.”

3. References

Huntley, 2009: Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultatio n with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_c omparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.

Messick, 2010: Robert Messick, Attorney for Grand Bay Resort, Icard, Merrill, Cullis, Timm, Furen & Ginsburg, P.A., personal communication with Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 17, 2010.PECHAN June 2010

19 Final Report 

### D. MYRAH KEATING SMITH CO MMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

1. Description

The Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Cent er is a comprehensive primary healthcare facility that provides 24-hour emergency serv ices and outpatient clinics (MKSCHC, 2010). The primary emissions are from a diesel back-up po wer generator and a propane hot water heater.
The Center does not incinerate medi cal waste on site (Richardson, 2010).

For this Center, the following SCCs were assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Commercial/
Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Commercial/
Institutional Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor Types

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

The Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Ce nter uses a 750 kW Onan Cummins back-up diesel generator and a 150-gall on propane hot water heater. In 2002, the diesel generator ran for 25 hours and had a fuel consumption rate of 38. 5 gallons per hour. Therefore, total diesel consumption was 962.5 gallons in 2002. Informa tion on the volume of propane consumed was unknown so the burner was assumed to fire 4 hours pe r day and to be similar to that of a Titan 150 gallon natural gas hot water heater (i.e. an input rating of 150,000 BTU/hr; Titan, 2010).

b. Control Data

There are no reported emission control devices on the back-up power ge nerator or hot water heater (Richardson, 2010).

c. Emission Factors

Table III-6 lists the emission fact ors used to calculate CAP emissions for the uncontrolled diesel generator (Huntley, 2009) and Tabl e III-7 lists the em ission factors used to calculate CAP emissions from the propane hot water heater. The emission factors for the propane hot water
heater are assumed to be the same as the emission factors for LPG combustion.PECHAN June 2010

20 Final Report

Table III-6. Emission Factors for Uncontrolled Diesel Industrial Engines

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.83 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 1.08 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 1.3 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 2.13 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 2.38 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 20 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.34 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 42.6 Huntley, 2009

Table III-7. Emission Factors for Propane Hot Water Heaters

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.01 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.02 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0.03 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.04 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.05 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 14.23 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.52 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 0.06 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Diesel Power Generator Total diesel consumption in 2009 = 962.5 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = PM 2.5 EF × total diesel fuel consumption

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 0.83 lb/10 3 gallons × 0.96 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 0.80 lbs or 3.99E-4 tons

Hot Water Heater Energy content of propane = 91,000 BTU/gallon (DOE, 2010) Total propane consumed in 2002 = (150,000 BT U/hr × 4 hr/day × 365 days/yr ) ÷ 91,000 BTU/gal Total propane consumed in 2002 = 2,407 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = PM 2.5 EF × total propane fuel consumed

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 0.01 lb/10 3 gallons × 2.41 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2009 = 2.41E-2 lbs or 1.20E-5 tonsPECHAN June 2010

21 Final Report A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Myrah Keating Smith.”

3. References

DOE, 2010: U.S. Department of Ener gy, Energy Information Administration, Energy Units and Calculators Explained , at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/i ndex.cfm?page=about_energy_units, viewed April 2010.

Huntley, 2009: Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultatio n with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_c omparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.

MKSCHC, 2010: Myrah Keating Sm ith Community Health Center, Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center at http://www.rlshospital.or g/myrah.htm, viewed March 2010.

Richardson, 2010: Bernard Richardson, Main tenance Manager, Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center, respon se to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., January 26, 2010.

Titan, 2010: Specification sheet for Titan water heaters, at http://www.statewaterheat ers.com/lit/spec/comm-gas/ SCDSS00108.pdf, viewed March

2010.



### E. SIRENUSA

1. Description

Sirenusa is a development containi ng 40 villa residences located in Cruz Bay (Sirenusa, 2010).

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

Sirenusa broke ground in 2004 and, as of January 2010, only four villas were occupied (Freehill, 2006; Webbe, 2010). In early 2010, the developmen t was facing legal challenges, so acquiring information on fuel usage proved challenging (Webbe, 2010). Due to the small number of occupants and the fact that Sirenusa did not break ground until 2004, emissions for the 2002 inventory are assumed to be zero.PECHAN June 2010

22 Final Report 3. References

Freehill, 2006: Lynn Freehill, “DPNR says it di d not approve three-st ory Enighed condos,” The Virgin Islands Daily News , 31 March 2006.

Sirenusa, 2010. Sirenusa, “The Site,” athttp://www.brunerandcompany.com/SirenusaWebsite/the-site.html, viewed February 2010.

Webbe, 2010: Keshema Webbe, EPA-CEPD/VI, personal communication with Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., January 28, 2010.



### F. VIRGIN ISLANDS WA TER & POWER AUTHORITY

1. Description

The Virgin Islands Water & Power Authority (VIW APA) is a non-profit publ ic corporation that produces and distributes electric ity and potable water to resi dents of the Virgin Islands (VIWAPA, 2010). The primary emissions on St. John are from a diesel back -up power generator.

For this company, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2101004000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Electric Utility Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

VIWAPA operates a 2,500 kW GM Morrison Knudsen EMD 20-645-E4B Series a back-up diesel generators. In 2006, the generator ran for 231 hours consuming 33,390 gallons of diesel fuel (Rhymer, 2010).

b. Control Data

There are no reported emission control devices on the back-up power ge nerator (Rhymer, 2010).

c. Emission Factors

Table III-8 lists the emission fact ors used to calculate CAP emissions from electric utility IC engines (Huntley, 2009).PECHAN June 2010

23 Final Report Table III-8. Emission Factors for Electric Utility IC Engines

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3 gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.25 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 1 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 1.3 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 1.55 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 2.3 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 20 Huntley, 2009 Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.2 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 42.6 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Total diesel consumption in 2006 =33,390 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = PM 2.5 EF × total diesel fuel consumption

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 0.25 lb/10 3 gallons × 33.39 × 10 3 gallons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 8.35 lbs or 4.17E-3 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “VI Water & Power Authority.”

3. References

VIWAPA, 2010: Virgin Islands Wate r & Power Authority, “About Us,” at http://www.viwapa.vi/aboutUs.a sp, viewed February 2010.

Huntley, 2009: Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultatio n with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_c omparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009. The emission factors are listed under
2102004000 - Industrial Distil late Oil Combustion.

Rhymer, 2010: Gregory Rhymer, Chief Operati ng Officer, VIWAPA, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., March 5, 2010.PECHAN June 2010

24 Final Report 

## CHAPTER IV. NONPOINT SOURCE EMISSIONS
INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

This chapter provides descriptions of the sour ce categories, methods, emissions factors, and information sources used to calculate, alloca te, and grow emissions for the nonpoint source categories. Example calculations are also provided for each nonpoint source category using
actual data.



### A. AGRICULTURAL FIELD BURNING

1. Description

Agricultural field burning is the practice of using fire to remove excess plant material from fields after harvest. The major air pollutant of concern is the smoke produced.

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2801500000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Agriculture
Production - Crops Agricultural Field Burning -
whole field set
on fire Unspecified

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

There was no agricultural field burning on St. John in 2002 (George, 2009).

3. References

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 16,

2009.



### B. FOREST WILDFIRES

1. Description

A wildfire is a large-scale natural combustion pr ocess that consumes various ages, sizes, and types of flora in a geographical area. Meteorological c onditions, the species and moisture content of vegetation, and the weight of consumable fuel per acre (available fuel loading) are all factors that directly impact the size and intensity of a wildfire. Wildfires can consume both dead and living flora and are potential sources of large amounts of air pollutants (EPA, 1996).PECHAN June 2010

25 Final Report For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other
Combustion Forest
Wildfires Wildfires - Unspecified

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

In 2002, 10 acres of forest were consumed by w ildfires on St. John and the vegetation type was assumed to be dry evergreen woodlands, a pred ominant forest type on St. John (George, 2009; Woodbury, 1997). The vegetative composition of dry ev ergreen forests consists of trees with relatively dense wood and with y ear-round leaves. Thus, the fuel lo ading factor was assumed to be the same as hardwoods in summer (3.1 tons per acre) as reported by Barnard and Brewer (2007) for VISTAS.

b. Control Data

There are no emission controls for this category.

c. Emission Factors

Table IV-1 lists the emission factors used to ca lculate CAP emissions from vegetation burned in forest wildfires (EPA, 2005).

Table IV-1. Emission Factors for Fuel Burned during Forest Wildfires

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton fuel burned) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 24.1 EPA, 2005 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 28.1 EPA, 2005 Primary PM Condensible Port ion Only PM-CON 0 EPA, 2005 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 24.1 EPA, 2005 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 28.1 EPA, 2005

d. Sample Calculations

Area consumed by wildfires in 2002 = 10 acres

Fuel loading factor = 3.1 tons per acre

Total fuel consumed = acres burned × fuel loading factor Total fuel consumed = 10 acres × 3.1 tons per acre
Total fuel consumed = 31 tonsPECHAN June 2010

26 Final Report PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = PM 2.5 EF × total fuel consumed

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = 24.1 lb/ton fuel burned × 31 tons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = 747 lbs or 0.374 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for th is source category is “Forest Wildfires.”

3. References

Barnard and Brewer, 2007: William R. Barnard and Pat Brewer, Development of Managed Burning and Wildland Fire Emissi on Estimates for the Visibili ty Improvement - State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) , MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc.

EPA, 1996: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter 13: Miscellaneous Sources, Section 1 3.1: Wildfires and Prescribed Burning , page 13.1-1, October 1996, at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/a p42/index.html, viewed February 2010.

EPA, 2005: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Documentation for the Draft 2002 Nonpoint Source National Emission Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants , prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., March 2005.

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 16, 2009.

Woodbury , 1997: Woodbury, R. O., and P. L. Weaver. 1997. The Vegetation of St. John and Hassel Island, U.S. Virgin Islands . Georgia: U.S. DOI National Park Service.



### C. FUGITIVE DUST – PAVED ROADS

1. Description

The passage of vehicles over pa ved roads results in the resusp ension of loose material on the road surface. The level of par ticulate emissions is dependent on the amount of loose material, known as the surface loading (EPA, 2006). Fugitive dust emissions from paved road traffic were
estimated for PM 10 -PRI, PM 10 -FIL, PM 2.5 -PRI, and PM 2.5 -FIL. Since there are no PM-CON emissions for this category, PM 10 -PRI emissions are equal to PM 10 -FIL emissions and PM 2.5 -PRI emissions are equal to PM 2.5 -FIL emissions.

The methods and results provided in this section are those perfo rmed previously by Pechan for EPA (Pechan 2007; Pechan 2004) as part of the development of the NEI.

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:PECHAN June 2010

27 Final Report SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2294000000 Mobile Sources Paved Roads All Paved
Roads Total: Fugitives

2. Methodology

Uncontrolled paved road emissions were calcu lated for St. John by mu ltiplying vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by the paved road emission factor.

a. Activity Data

For 2002, the annual VMT estimates for St. John were based on 2002 VMT estimates made by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as described in Pechan 2007 and Pechan 2004. FHWA estimated paved road VMT to be 15.44 million miles in 2002.

b. Control Data

No paved road dust co ntrols were applied.

c. Emission Factors

Reentrained road dust emissions for paved roads were estimated using paved road VMT and the emission factor equation from AP-42 (EPA, 2006):

E = [ k * (sL/2) 0.65 * (W/3) 1.5 - C ] * [1 - P/(4*N)]

where: E = paved road dust emission factor (pound [lb]/VMT) k = particle size multiplier (lb/VMT) sL = road surface silt loading (lb/square meter [m 2 ]) W = average weight (tons) of a ll vehicles traveling the road
C = emission factor for 1980's vehicle flee t exhaust, brake w ear, and tire wear (lb/VMT) N = number of days in the month P = number of days in the month with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation

The AP-42 equation listed above includes a correcti on factor to adjust for the number of days with measurable precipitation in each month. The factor of “4" in the precipitation adjustment accounts for the fact that paved roads dry more qui ckly than unpaved roads and that precipitation may not occur over the entire 24-hour day period. Th e number of days with at least 0.01 inches of precipitation in each month wa s obtained from the National Clima tic Data Center. Table IV-2 provides the constants used in the AP-42 equa tion. The uncontrolled emission factors are provided in Table IV-3.PECHAN June 2010

28 Final Report Table IV-2. Constants for Paved Road s Reentrained Dust Emission Factor Equation

Constant PM 2.5 -PRI/
PM 2.5 -FIL PM 10 -PRI/
PM 10 -FIL

k (lb/VMT) 0.0024 0.016

C (lb/VMT) 0.00036 0.00047

Table IV-3. PM Emission Factors (lb/VMT) for Paved Roads

Pollutant Emission Factor (lb/VMT)
PM10-PRI/FIL 0.00424
PM25-PRI/FIL 0.000838

d. Sample Calculations

2002 paved road VMT in St. John is estimated at 15.44 million miles.

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = PM 2.5 EF × VMT

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = 0.000838 lb/VMT × 15.44E6 MILES

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = 12,939 lbs or 6.47 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Fugitive Dust – Paved Roads.”

3. References

EPA, 2006: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter
13: Miscellaneous Sources , Section 13.2.1: Paved Roads , page 13.2.1-1, November 2006, at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42 /index.html, viewed February 2010.

FHWA: U.S. Department of Transporta tion, Federal Highway Ad ministration. Highway Statistics. Office of Highway Policy Info rmation. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/polic yinformation/statistics/

.

Pechan, 2004. E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. "Progress Report for Mobile Source Emission Inventory, EPA Contract No. 68-D-02-063, work assignment 3-01, October and November
Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile Nation al Emissions Inventor y, Version 3,” report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. October and November 2004.

Pechan, 2007: E.H. Pechan & Associates, In c. "Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3,” report prepared for U.S. EnvironmentalPECHAN June 2010

29 Final Report Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planni ng and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2007.



### D. FUGITIVE DUST – UNPAVED ROADS

1. Description

Fine particles are generated as a vehicle travel s over an unpaved road because the force of the
wheels on the road surface causes pulverization of surface material . These particles are lifted and dropped from the rolling wheel s and the turbulent wake behind the vehicle continues to stir the particles into the ai r after the vehicle has passed (EPA , 2006). Fugitive dus t emissions from unpaved road traffic were estimated for PM 10 -PRI, PM 10 -FIL, PM 2.5 -PRI, and PM 2.5 -FIL. Since there are no PM-CON emissions for this category, PM 10 -PRI emissions are equal to PM 10 -FIL
emissions and PM 2.5 -PRI emissions are equal to PM 2.5 -FIL emissions.

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2296000000 Mobile Sources Unpaved
Roads All Unpaved
Roads Total: Fugitives

2. Methodology

Unpaved road emissions were calculated fo r St. John by multiplyi ng unpaved vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by the unpaved road emission factor.

a. Activity Data

Unpaved roadway mileage estimates were obtaine d from the FHWA’s annual Highway Statistics report as described in Pechan 2004, Pechan 2007, and FHWA 2003. FHWA estimated unpaved
road VMT to be 0.67 million miles in 2002.

b. Control Data

No unpaved road dust controls were applied.

c. Emission Factors

Reentrained road dust emissions for unpaved ro ads were estimated using unpaved road VMT and the emission factor equati on from AP-42 (EPA, 2003):

E = [ k * (s/12) * (SPD/30) 0.5 ] /(M/0.5) 0.2

- CPECHAN June 2010

30 Final Report where: k, and C are empirical constants, with

E = size specific emission factor (lb/VMT) k = particle size multiplier (lb/VMT) s = surface material silt content (%) SPD = mean vehicle speed (mph) M = surface material moisture content (%)
C = emission factor for 1980's vehicle fleet exhaust, brake wear, and tire wear (lb/VMT)

Table IV-4 provides the constants used in th e AP-42 equation. The uncontrolled emission factors are provided in Table IV-5.

Table IV-4. Constants for Unpaved Roads Reentrained Dust Emission Factor Equation

Constant PM 2.5 -PRI/
PM 2.5 -FIL PM 10 -PRI/
PM 10 -FIL k (lb/VMT) 0.18 1.8
C 0.00036 0.00047

Table IV-5. PM Emission Factor s (lb/VMT) for Unpaved Roads

Pollutant Emission Factor (lb/VMT)
PM10-PRI/FIL 0.29660
PM25-PRI/FIL 0.04434

d. Sample Calculations

2002 unpaved road VMT in St. John is estimated at 0.67 million miles.

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = PM 2.5 EF × VMT

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = 0.04434 lb/VMT × 0.67E6 MILES

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2002 = 29,708 lbs or 14.86 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Fugitive Dust – Unpaved
Roads.”

3. References

EPA, 2003: United States Environmental Protec tion Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. “Compilation of Air Pollutant Em ission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, VolumePECHAN June 2010

31 Final Report I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Section 13.2.2, Unpave d Roads.” Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003.

EPA, 2006: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter 13: Miscellaneous Sources, Section 13.2.2: Unpaved Roads , page 13.2.2-1, November 2006, at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/c hief/ap42/index.html, vi ewed February 2010.

FHWA, 2003: U.S. Department of Trans portation, Federal Highway Administration. Highway
Statistics 2002. Office of Highway Policy Information. Washington, DC. 2003.

Pechan, 2004: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. "Progress Report for Mobile Source Emission Inventory, EPA Contract No. 68-D-02-063, work assignment 3-01, October and November
Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile Nation al Emissions Inventor y, Version 3,” report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. October and November 2004

. Pechan, 2007: E.H. Pechan & Associates, In c. "Documentation for the Final 2002 Mobile National Emissions Inventory, Version 3,” report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planni ng and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2007.



### E. LANDFILLS

1. Description

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are landfills that occupy a discrete area of land or an
excavation site and receive household waste. Surface impoundments, injection wells and waste piles are not considered MSW landfills. The pr imary air pollutants from landfills are VOCs generated during anaerobic decomposition, PM emi ssions from trash burial operations, and, for landfills that capture and flare methane gas, pollu tants associated with methane combustion.

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2620000000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Landfills All Categories Total

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

There were no active MSW landfills on St. J ohn in 2002 and no flaring of methane gas (Cornwall, 2009). The Susannaberg Landfill on St. John was closed in the early 1990’s when an underground fire was discovered and extinguished. The facility now ope rates strictly as a transfer station. Waste dropped off at the Susannaberg Transf er Station is compacted and then barged to St. Thomas where it is transported to the Bovoni Landf ill (VIWMA, 2009).PECHAN June 2010

32 Final Report 3. References

Cornwall, 2009: May Adams Co rnwall, Executive Director, Virg in Islands Waste Management Authority, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Do rn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 9, 2009.

VIWMA, 2009: Virgin Islands Waste Management Authority, Solid Waste: Landfill and Transfer Station Operating Hours , at http://www.viwma.org/La ndfills.aspx, viewed December

2009.



### F. MAJESTIC CONCRETE – BATCH MIXING FACILITY

1. Description

Concrete is a construction materi al comprised of water, cement, sand (fine aggregate) and coarse aggregate, consisting of gravel, crushed stone or iron blast furnace slag. The major pollutant of concern is PM emission from fugitive sources such as the transfer of sand and aggregate, truck loading, mixer loading, vehicle traffic, and wind erosion from sand and aggregate storage piles. Types of controls used may include water spra ys, enclosures, hoods, curtains, shrouds, movable and telescoping chutes, and central duct collection systems (EPA, 2006).

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2305070000 Industrial
Processes Mineral
Processes SIC 32 - Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster
Products Total

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

In 2006, Majestic Concrete mixed 25,282 cubic yards of concrete. Majestic concrete stores sand and aggregate in piles on site and the concrete constituents are loaded into a weight hopper and then into the concrete transport truck via backhoe . The concrete is mixed in the truck on the way
to the construction site. All surfaces at Majestic Concrete are paved (Sturgess, 2010).

Table IV-6 lists the average material compositi on of one cubic yard of concrete (EPA, 2006).PECHAN June 2010

33 Final Report Table IV-6. Average Composition of One Cubic Yard of Concrete

Material Weight (lb) Course Aggregate 1,865 Sand 1,428
Cement 491 Cement Supplement 73
Water 167
Total 4,024

b. Control Data

Majestic Concrete uses water sp ray, enclosures, hoods, curtains a nd telescoping chutes to control dust (Sturgess, 2010).

c. Emission Factors

Table IV-7, Table IV-8, and Table IV-9 list the emission factors used to calculate PM emissions during aggregate transfer, sand transfer, a nd weight hopper loading (EPA, 2006). Since no controlled emission factors have been develope d for these activities, uncontrolled emission
factors were used.

Table IV-7. Emission Factors fo r Uncontrolled Aggregate Transfer

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton Material Loaded) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.0033 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.0033 EPA, 2006 Primary PM Condensible Port ion Only PM-CON 0 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensibl e) PM25-PRI 0.0033 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensibl e) PM10-PRI 0.0033 EPA, 2006

Table IV-8. Emission Factors for Uncontrolled Sand Transfer

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton Material Loaded) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.00099 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.00099 EPA, 2006 Primary PM Condensible Port ion Only PM-CON 0 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.00099 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.00099 EPA, 2006PECHAN June 2010

34 Final Report

Table IV-9. Emission Factors fo r Uncontrolled Weight Hopper Loading

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton Material Loaded) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.0024 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.0024 EPA, 2006 Primary PM Condensible Port ion Only PM-CON 0 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensibl e) PM25-PRI 0.0024 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensibl e) PM10-PRI 0.0024 EPA, 2006

Emission factors for truck mixing were calcul ated using the following formula (EPA, 2006):

EF = k × 0.0032 × (U a /M b ) + c

Where: EF = Emission factor in lb s/ton of cement and cement supplement k = Particle size multiplier (dimensionless) U = Wind speed at the material drop point, miles per hour (mph) M = Minimum moisture (% by weight ) of cement and cement supplement a, b = Exponents c = Constant (lbs/ton)

Table IV-10 lists the values used for the em ission factor equation variables (EPA, 2006).

Table IV-10. Emission Factor Parameters

Parameter Parameter Value U 10 mph M 1 percent by weight
k p m10 0.32
k p m25 0.048

a p m10 1.75

a p m25 1.75
b p m10 0.3
b p m25 0.3

c p m10 0.0052

c p m25 0.00078

Table IV-11 lists the calculated emissi on factors for controlled truck mixing.PECHAN June 2010

35 Final Report Table IV-11. Emission Factor s for Controlled Truck Mixing

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton of Material Mixed) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.0094176 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.0627838 EPA, 2006 Primary PM Condensible Port ion Only PM-CON 0 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.0094176 EPA, 2006 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.0627838 EPA, 2006

d. Sample Calculations

Aggregate Transfer Weight of aggregate transferred in 2006 = volume of concrete mixed × weight of aggregate per cubic yard of concrete Weight of aggregate transferred in 2006 = (25,282 cubic yards × 1,865 lbs/cubic yard) ÷ 2,000 lbs per ton Weight of aggregate tran sferred in 2006 = 23,575 tons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = PM 2.5 EF × weight of aggregate transferred

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 0.0033 lb/ton of material transferred × 23,575 tons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 77.8 lbs or 3.89E-2 tons

Sand Transfer Weight of sand transferred in 2006 = volume of concrete mixed × weight of aggregate per cubic yard of concrete Weight of sand transferred in 2006 = (25,282 cubi c yards × 1,428 lbs/cubic yard) ÷ 2,000 lbs/ton Weight of sand transf erred in 2006 = 18,051 tons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = PM 2.5 EF × weight of sand transferred

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 0.00099 lb/ton of materi al transferred × 18,051 tons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 17.9 lbs or 8.93E-3 tons

Weight Hopper Loading Weight of material loaded in 2006 = volume of concrete mixed × (weight of aggregate per cubic yard of concrete + weight of sand per cubic yard of concrete) Weight of material loaded in 2006 = [25,282 cubic yards × (1,865 lbs + 1,428 lbs)/cubic yard] ÷ 2,000 lbs/ton Weight of material lo aded in 2006 = 41,627 tons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = PM 2.5 EF × weight of material loaded

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 0.0024 lb/ton of material transferred × 41,627 tons

PM 2.5, filterable emissions in 2006 = 99.9 lbs or 4.99E-2 tonsPECHAN June 2010

36 Final Report Truck Mixing – Emission Factor

EF PM10 = k PM10 × 0.0032 × (U a PM10 /M b PM10 ) + c PM10

EF PM10 = 0.32 × 0.0032 × (10 1.75 /1 0.3 ) + 0.0052

EF PM10 = 0.0627 lb/ton Material Mixed

Truck Mixing – Emissions Weight of cement and cement supplement mixed in 2006 = volume of concrete mixed × (weight of cement per cubic yard of concrete + wei ght of cement supplement per cubic yard of concrete) Weight of cement and cement supplement mixe d in 2006 = [25,282 cubic yards × (491 lbs + 73 lbs)/cubic yard] ÷ 2,000 lbs/ton Weight of cement and cement supplement mixed in 2006 = 7,130 tons

PM 10, filterable emissions in 2006 = PM 10 EF × weight of cement and cement supplement mixed

PM 10, filterable emissions in 2006 = 0.0627 lb/ton of material mixed × 7,130 tons

PM 10, filterable emissions in 2006 = 447 lbs or 2.23E-1 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for th is source category is “Majestic Concrete.”

3. References

EPA, 2006: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter 11 - Mineral Products Industry, Section 12 - Concrete Batching, June 2006, at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/c h11/index.html, viewed April 2010.

Sturgess, 2010: Cheryl Sturgess, Majestic Concrete, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., April 1, 2010.



### G. MANAGED BURNING – LOGGING DEBRIS

1. Description

Managed burning of logging debris is the practice of using fire to remove excess plant material from sites after logging. The ma jor air pollutant of concern is the smoke produced.PECHAN June 2010

37 Final Report For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other
Combustion Managed Burning, Slash (Logging Debris) Unspecified Burn Method (use
2610000500 for nonlogging debris)

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

There was no managed burning of logging debris on St. John in 2002 (George, 2009).

3. References

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 16, 2009.



### H. OPEN BURNING – HOUSEHOLD WASTE

1. Description

Open burning of residential municipal solid wa ste (MSW) is the purposeful burning of MSW in
outdoor areas. Criteria ai r pollutant (CAP) emission estimates for MSW burning are a function of the amount of waste burned per year.

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2610030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open Burning Residential Household Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx

for Yard Wastes)

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

There was no open burning of household wa ste on St. John in 2002 (George, 2009).

3. References

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 16, 2009.PECHAN June 2010

38 Final Report 

### I. OPEN BURNING – YARD WASTE - BRUSH

1. Description

Open burning of yard waste is the purposeful bur ning of leaf and brush sp ecies in outdoor areas. Criteria air pollutant emission estimates for leaf and brush waste burning are a function of the amount of waste burned per year.

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open Burning All Categories Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

The amount of brush burned was estimated using data from EPA’s report Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2000 Facts and Figures (EPA, 2002). The report presents the total mass of waste generated in the United States by type of waste, including ya rd waste, for the calendar year
2000. This information was used to calculate a da ily estimate of the per capita yard waste, 0.54 lbs/person/day. Of the total amount of yard waste generated, the yard waste composition was assumed to be 10 percent leaves , 70 percent brush, and 20 percent grass by weight (George, 2009).

The per capita estimate was then multiplied by th e 2002 population on St. John that is expected to burn waste. Forty percent of the population on St. John burns yard waste (George, 2009) and the 2002 population of St. John was 4,252 (Mills et. al, 2004).

Open burning of grass clippings is not typical ly practiced by homeowners, and as such only estimates for leaf burning and br ush burning were developed. Appr oximately 25 to 32 percent of all waste that is subject to open burning is ac tually burned (PE, 1994). A median value of 28 percent was assumed to be burned on St. John in 2002.

b. Control Data

Controls for yard waste burning are generally in the form of a ban on open burning of waste in a given municipality. There are no bans on open burning on St. John.

c. Emission Factors

Table IV-12 lists the emission factors used to calculate CAP emissions from residential burning of brush species (Huntley, 2009).PECHAN June 2010

39 Final Report Table IV-12. Emission Factors fo r Open Burning of Brush Waste

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton
of Brush Burned) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 15.21 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 19.73 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 15.21 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 19.73 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 1.66 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Sulfur dioxide emissions in St. John from open burning of brush waste:

Population of St. John in 2002 = 4,252 Per capita waste yard waste ge nerated (lb/person/day) = 0.54
Brush fraction of waste = 0.70 Fraction of population that burns yard waste = 0.40 Fraction of yard waste generated that is actually burned = 0.28 Number of days in a year = 365
Factor to convert from lbs to tons = 1/2000

2002 brush burning activity in St. John = 4,252 person × 0.54 lb/person/day × 0.70 × 0.40 × 0.28 × 365 days/year × 1 ton/2000 lbs

2002 brush burning activity in St. John = 32.85 tons

SO 2 emissions = tons of brush burned × SO 2 emission factor

SO 2 emission factor = 1.66 lb/ton

SO 2 emissions from brush burning on St. John in 2002 = 32.85 tons × 1.66 lbs/ton × 1 ton/2000
lbs

SO 2 emissions from brush burning on St. John in 2002 = 2.72E-2 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Open Burning – Yard - Brush.”

3. References

EPA, 2002: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2000 Facts and Figures , EPA530-R-02-001, Office of So lid Waste and EmergencyPECHAN June 2010

40 Final Report Response. June 2002. Available at http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/report-00.pdf.

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., December 16, 2009.

Huntley, 2009: Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultatio n with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_c omparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.

Mills et al, 2004: Frank L. Mills, Marcy Mason, Annette Gumbs, and James Richardson, 2002 Unites States Virgin Islands Statistical Digest , Eastern Caribbean Center, University of the Virgin Islands, May 2004, available at http://www.pacificweb.org/DOCS/usvi/2002% 20yearbook/2002%20Statistical%20Digest.p
df.

PE, 1994: Two Rivers Regional Council of Publ ic Officials and Patrick Engineering, Inc. “Emission Characteristics of Burn Barrels,” pr epared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V. June 1994.



### J. OPEN BURNING – YARD WASTE - LEAVES

1. Description

Open burning of yard waste is the purposeful bur ning of leaf and brush sp ecies in outdoor areas. Criteria air pollutant emission estimates for leaf and brush waste burning are a function of the amount of waste burned per year.

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open Burning All Categories Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

The amount of leaves burned was esti mated using data from EPA’s report Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2000 Facts and Figures (EPA, 2002). The report presents the total mass of waste generated in the United States by type of waste, including ya rd waste, for the calendar year
2000. This information was used to calculate a da ily estimate of the per capita yard waste, 0.54 lbs/person/day. Of the total amount of yard waste generated, the yard waste composition was assumed to be 10 percent leaves , 70 percent brush, and 20 percent grass by weight (George, 2009).PECHAN June 2010

41 Final Report The per capita estimate was then multiplied by th e 2002 population on St. John that is expected to burn waste. Forty percent of the population on St. John burns yard waste (George, 2009) and the 2002 population of St. John was 4,252 (Mills et. al, 2004).

Open burning of grass clippings is not typical ly practiced by homeowners, and as such only estimates for leaf burning and br ush burning were developed. Appr oximately 25 to 32 percent of all waste that is subject to open burning is ac tually burned (PE, 1994). A median value of 28 percent was assumed to be burned on St. John in 2002.

b. Control Data

Controls for yard waste burning are generally in the form of a ban on open burning of waste in a given municipality. There are no bans on open burning on St. John.

c. Emission Factors

Table IV-13 lists the emission factors used to calculate CAP emissions from residential burning of leaf species (Huntley, 2009).

Table IV-13. Emission Factors fo r Open Burning of Leaf Waste

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton o f Leaves Burned) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 22 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 22 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 22 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 22 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 0.76 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Sulfur dioxide emissions in St. John from open burning of leaf waste:

Population of St. John in 2002 = 4,252 Per capita waste yard waste ge nerated (lb/person/day) = 0.54
Leaf fraction of waste = 0.10 Fraction of population that burns yard waste = 0.40 Fraction of yard waste generated that is actually burned = 0.28 Number of days in a year = 365
Factor to convert from lbs to tons = 1/2000

2002 leaf burning activity in St. John = 4,252 person × 0.54 lb/person/day × 0.10 × 0.40 × 0.28 × 365 days/year × 1 ton /2000 lbsPECHAN June 2010

42 Final Report 2002 leaf burning activity in St. John = 4.69 tons

SO 2 emissions = tons of leaves burned × SO 2 emission factor

SO 2 emission factor = 0.76 lb/ton

SO 2 emissions from leaf burning on St. John in 2002 = 4.69 tons × 0.76 lbs/ton × 1 ton/2000 lbs

SO 2 emissions from leaf burning on St. John in 2002 = 1.78E-3 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Open Burning – Yard -

Leaves.”

3. References

EPA, 2002: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2000 Facts and Figures , EPA530-R-02-001, Office of So lid Waste and Emergency Response. June 2002. Available at http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/report-00.pdf.

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 16, 2009.

Huntley, 2009: Roy Huntley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultatio n with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_c omparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.

Mills et al, 2004: Frank L. Mills, Marcy Mason, Annette Gumbs, and James Richardson, 2002 Unites States Virgin Islands Statistical Digest , Eastern Caribbean Center, University of the Virgin Islands, May 2004, available at http://www.pacificweb.org/DOCS/usvi/2002% 20yearbook/2002%20Statistical%20Digest.p
df.

PE, 1994: Two Rivers Regional Council of Public Officials and Patrick Engineering, Inc. “Emission Characteristics of Burn Barrels,” pr epared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V. June 1994.PECHAN June 2010

43 Final Report 

### K. PRESCRIBED FOREST BURNING

1. Description

Prescribed burning of forests is a natural res ource management strategy to reduce the potential for destructive wildfires by selectively burning, under controlled condi tions, the accumulated underbrush and dead plant material in forests. The major air pollutant of concern is the smoke produced (EPA, 1996).

For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2810015000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other
Combustion Prescribed Forest Burning Unspecified

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

There was no prescribed forest burning on St. John in 2002 (George, 2009).

3. References

EPA, 1996: AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Ch apter 13: Miscellaneous Sources, Section 13.1: Wildfires and Prescribed Burning, page 13.1-5, October 1996, at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html, viewed March 2010.

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 16, 2009.



### L. PRESCRIBED RANGELAND BURNING

1. Description

Prescribed burning of rangelands is a natural resource management strategy to stimulate the rejuvenation of grasses by se lectively burning, under controlled conditions, the accumulated brush and dead plant material on rangelands. Th e major air pollutant of concern is the smoke produced (EPA, 1996).PECHAN June 2010

44 Final Report For this category, the following SCC was assigned:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2810020000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other
Combustion Prescribed Rangeland

Burning Unspecified

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

There was no prescribed rangeland burn ing on St. John in 2002 (George, 2009).

3. References

EPA, 1996: AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Ch apter 13: Miscellaneous Sources, Section 13.1: Wildfires and Prescribed Burning, page 13.1-5, October 1996, at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html, viewed March 2010.

George, 2009: Daryl George, Assistant Director , Virgin Islands Fire Service, response to questionnaire prepared by Jonathan G. Dor n, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., December 16, 2009.



### M. RESIDENTIAL BOILERS - LPG

1. Description

This source category covers air emissions from LPG combustion in residential sectors for space heating, water heating, and cooking. This categor y includes small boilers, heaters, and other heating units that are not inventoried as major s ources. Only structures containing fewer than 20 living units are included in this category, thus excluding large apartment buildings. According to the activity data report (EPA, 2003), other fuels (i.e., natural gas, di stillate oil, and kerosene) are not used by the residential sector in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

For this sector, Pechan assigned the follo wing SCC for residential LPG combustion:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8 2104007000 Stationary Source
Fuel Combustion Residential Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Combustor TypesPECHAN June 2010

45 Final Report 2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

Table 4.4.4 of the activity data report (EPA, 2003) provides the final 1999 activity data for the U.S. Virgin Islands. The following excerpts of the discussion of the activity data in the activity report provide a brief overview of how P echan estimated the LPG activity data.

Representatives of VIDPNR stated that no fuel is combusted for residential space and hot water heating; this is performed us ing electricity provid ed by the local utility company. The only residential fuel combustion in the U.S. Virgin Islands consists of cooking with LPG. VIDPNR provided information on the purchases of LPG tanks used for residential cooking. This information is collected annually by VIDPNR fr om the private gas companies located in the
islands. Data on the number of re sidential buildings or dwellings having more than 20 units in 1999 and the number of residents dwelling in th ose units was provided by VIDPNR. The data showed that the only buildings a nd dwellings having more than twenty (20) units were located on St. Thomas. No such buildings were reported for St. John.

The data provided by VIDPNR did not report the residential LPG c onsumption by island, but reported both St. Thomas and St. John combined as one figure. To estimate the distribution between these islands, the combined value was apportioned according to the residential population present on each of the islands in 1999 (i.e., 92% for St. Thomas and 8% for St. John).

In accordance with May 2002 guidance ( Required Activity Level Data for Area Source Categories in the Virgin Islands ), the total residential fuel consumption volumes reported were corrected by removing that portion attributed to residents living in build ings having more than twenty (20) units. To perform this correction, it was assumed th at all residents consumed an equal volume of LPG.

For the Virgin Islands, 95 percent of the total LP G consumption occurs in the residential sector (per 1999 activity estimates). Pechan developed the growth factor fo r this category from the U.S. Virgin Islands LPG Consumption Data from EIA's International Energy Annual (EIA, 2005). The growth factor was used to estimate 2002 LPG consumption for St. John.

b. Control Data

The activity data report stated that residential LPG use is confined to cooking (EPA, 2003).
Pechan assumed that the emission un its were uncontrolled for CAPs.

c. Emission Factors

Table IV-14 shows the uncontrolled emission factor s used to calculate CAP emissions for small
residential combustion units burning LPG (Huntley, 2009).PECHAN June 2010

46 Final Report Table IV-14. Emission Factor s for Residential Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Combustion

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission
Factor (lb/thousand gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.01 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.02 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0.03 Huntley, 2009
Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.04 Huntley, 2009
Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.05 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 13.4 Huntley, 2009

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 0.06 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Growth Factor For LPG Consumption in Virgin Islands:

1999 LPG consumption = 5 thousand barrels per day 2002 LPG consumption = 7 thousand barrels per day

Growth Factor = 2002 LPG consumption /1999 LPG consumption
= 7 / 5

= 1.4

This shows a 40% increase and thus the growth factor used was 1.4.

Estimate of LPG Consumption in 2002

As an example, 2002 LPG usage is calculated us ing 1999 usage and the growth factor (GF) of

1.4.

FC 2002 ,x, = FC 1999, x × GF

where:

FC 2002 , x,p = year 2002 consumption for fuel type x (gallons)

FC 1999 , x,p = year 1999 consumption for fuel type x (gallons) GF = growth factor

FC 1999, LPG = 391,329 gallons

FC 2002, LPG = 391,329 gallons × 1.4 = 547,861 gallonsPECHAN June 2010

47 Final Report CAP Emissions

Annual CAP emissions are calculated us ing emission factors and activity as:

E x,p = FC

x × EF x,p × 1 / 1000 × 1 / 2000

where:

E x,p = annual emissions for fuel t ype x and pollutant p (ton/year)

FC

x = annual fuel consumption for fuel type x (gallon)

EF x,p = emission factor for fuel type x and pollutant p (lb/1,000 gallon)

1 / 1000 = unit conversion factor (gallon/1,000 gallon)

1 / 2000 = unit conversion factor (ton/lb).

Example:

E LPG, PM2.5-FIL = 547,861 gallon/year × 0.01 lb/1,000 gallon × 1 / 1,000 (gallon /1,000 gallon) × 1 / 2,000 (ton/lb) = 2.74 E-03 ton/year

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Residential Boilers - LPG.”

3. References

EIA, 2005: U.S. Department of En ergy, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2003 , Table 3.5, World Apparent Cons umption of Refined Petroleum
Products. Available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/SearchResu lts.asp?title=Interna tional+Energy+Annual& submit=Search&product=

EPA, 2003: Virgin Islands 1999 Area Source Inventory Data Collection Effort, Volumes 1 and

2 , prepared for U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency Region 2, State Implementation Plan Section, by Booz, Allen, and Hamilton, Durham, NC, September 4, 2003.

Huntley, 2009: U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultation with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_comparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.



### N. RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

1. Description

Emissions from residential construction activity are a function of the acreage disturbed and
volume of soil excavated for residential construction.PECHAN June 2010

48 Final Report For this sector, Pechan assigned the follo wing SCC for residential LPG combustion:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8

2311010000 Industrial

Processes Construction

: SIC 15 - 17 General Building
Construction Total

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

There are two activity calculations performed for this SCC, acres of surface soil disturbed and volume of soil removed for basements. In 2002, th ere were 279 building permits issued for St. John and 80 percent of these were for resident ial construction (Blyde n, 2010). All residential construction permits were for single-unit structures and roughly half of the structures had part of their foundation below grade (Blyden, 2010).

Surface Soil Disturbed

Of the 223 housing units built on St. John in 2002, a ll were single unit structures. Table IV-15
lists the surface area disturbed fo r a 1-unit structure (EPA, 2010).

Table IV-15. Surface Area Dist urbed per 1-Unit Structure

Unit Type Area of Soil
Disturbed

1- Unit 1⁄4 acre per

structure

Soil Removed for Below Ground Construction

Of the 223 housing units built on St. John in 2002, 111 were built on slopes and have part of their foundations below grade. Below grade volum e is calculated by assu ming a 20 percent land slope (USGS, 2010), that the length of the house foundation parallel to th e mountain is 50 feet and that the depth below grade at the rear of the foundation is 10 feet. An additional 10 percent was added for peripheral soil bringing the total to 2,331 ft 3 or 86 yd 3 of soil excavated per unit.

b. Control Data

There are no controls for this category.

c. Emission Factors

Initial PM 10 emissions from construction of single un it structures were calculated using the emission factors given in Table IV-16 (EPA, 2000) . The duration of construction activity for
houses was assumed to be 6 months.PECHAN June 2010

49 Final Report Table IV-16. Emission Factor s for Residential Construction

Type of Structure Emission Factor Duration of
Construction

1-Unit Structures w/o Below
Grade Foundations 0.032 tons PM 10 /acremonth 6 months

1-unit Structures with Below
Grade Foundations 0.011 tons PM 10 /acremonth 6 months

0.059 tons PM 10 /1000 cubic yards

Regional variances in construction emissions were corrected using soil mo isture level and silt content. These correction parame ters were applied to initial PM 10 emissions from residential construction to develop the final emissions inventory. To account for the soil moisture level, the

PM 10 emissions were weighted using the 30-year average precipitation-evaporation (PE) value from Thornthwaite’s PE Index. The average PE value for St. John was assumed to be the same as the PE value for Hawaii (57.9).

To account for the silt content, the PM 10 emissions were weighted us ing average silt content of
soils on St. John where construc tion was occurring. The averag e silt content is 30 percent (USDA, 2000).

The equation for PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content is (EPA, 2010):



### Corrected E Initial PE S

PM PM 

### E 10 10 

###   24

9%

where: Corrected E PM10 = PM 10 emissions corrected for soil moisture and silt content PE = precipitation-ev aporation value for St. John S = % dry silt content in soil for area being inventoried

Once PM 10 adjustments were made, PM 2.5 emissions were set to 10% of PM 10PECHAN June 2010

50 Final Report Table IV-17. Corrected Emissi on Factors for 1-Unit Structures
Without Below Grade Foundations

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor(tons/acremonth) Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.00442 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.04421 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.00442 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.04421

Table IV-18. Corrected Emissi on Factors for 1-Unit Structures
With Below Grade Foundations

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor(tons/acremonth) Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.00152 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.0152 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.00152 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.0152

Table IV-19. Corrected Emi ssion Factors for Soil Excavated
for Below Grade Foundations

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor(tons/acremonth) Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.00815 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 0.08152 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 0.00815 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 0.08152

d. Sample Calculations

Total Volume of Soil Excavated for Below Ground Construction

Soil excavated = # units with be low grade construction × depth be low grade at rear of foundation × (depth below grade at rear of foundatio n/sin(land slope)) × sin(90-land slope)/2 × average length of foundation/27 × (1 + additional fraction fo r peripheral soil excavation)

Soil excavated = 111.5 × 10 ft × (10 ft/s in(20)) × sin(90-20)/2 × 50 ft/27 ft 3 /yd 3 × (1 + 0.1) Soil excavated = 9,627 yd 3PECHAN June 2010

51 Final Report Corrected PM 10 Emission Factor for 1-Unit Structures



### Corrected E Initial PE S

PM PM 

### E 10 10 

###   24

9%

Corrected PM 10 Emission Factor = 0.032 tons PM 10 /acre-month × (24/57.9) × (30/9)
Corrected PM 10 Emission Factor = 0.0442 tons PM 10 /acre-month

PM 10 Emissions from Single Unit Structures Without Below Ground Construction

PM 10 emissions = # single unit structures w/o below grade constructi on × area disturbed per
structure × corrected emission factor × construction duration

PM 10 emissions = 111.5 × 0.25 acres per structure × 0.0442 tons PM 10 /acre-month × 6 months

PM 10 emissions = 7.39 tons

Total PM 10 Emissions from Residential Construction

Total PM 10 emissions = emissions from single un its without below grade construction + emissions from single units with below grad e construction + emissions from below grade
excavation
Total PM 10 emissions = 7.39 tons + 2.54 tons + 0.78 tons
Total PM 10 emissions = 10.72 tons

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Residential Construction.”

3. References

Blyden, 2010: Joseph Blyden, Division of Buildi ng Permits, Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources, personal comm unication with Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., 20 January 2010 and personal communi cation with Raymond Forde, EPA Region 2, March 5, 2010.

EPA, 2000: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Memorandum: Revised Methodol ogy for Estimating Emissions from

Construction , Prepared by E.H. Pechan & Associ ates. Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2000.

EPA, 2010: U.S. Environmental Protection Ag ency, “2008 National Emi ssions Inventory Data and Documentation”, at http://www.epa.gov/ ttn/chief/net/2008inve ntory.html, viewed April 2010.

USDA, 2000: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey of the United States Virgin Islands

, 2000.PECHAN June 2010

52 Final Report USGS, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey, Web Soil Survey, at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebS oilSurvey.aspx, viewed April 2010.



### O. SMALL ELECTRIC UTILITY BOILERS

1. Description

NOTE: Emissions from small elec tric utility boilers are accounted for under emissions from VI Water & Power Authority in the sm all point source inventory and are therefore
excluded from the emissions summaries in Chapter VII. Section O has been retained simply to allow the reader to understa nd the alternative calculation method.

Small electric utility boilers are the primary electric generators for many rural communities. This source category includes all boilers used to produce electric power at facilities that are not considered a major facility for CAPs. They are categorized by the boiler type or firing method (normal or tangential), fuel burned (typically re sidual or distillate oil), electrical power generation capacity, and location. Re sidual and distillate oils are fu rther categorized by their fuel number (typically #2, #4, and #6 fuel oils).

For this sector, only distillate oil is burned on St. John. The following SCC was assigned for
distillate oil combustion:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8
2101004000 Stationary Source Fuel
Combustion Electric Utility Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

Pechan estimated throughput data for small electric utility boilers in St. John for individual backup diesel generators using information on the po wer source, type, and am ount of fuel consumed annually provided in air permit applications (i.e., permit to construct or permit to operate). For most permits, annual operating time was not availa ble but the consumption rate (in gallons fuel per hour) at various load rates was provided. Therefore, Pechan estimated total annual fuel consumption for the back-up generators assuming the generators operated 52 hours per year (EPA, 2003).

Distillate (diesel) fuel usage is summarized in Table 4.1.4c of the activity data report for the Virgin Islands (EPA, 2003).

All the electricity generated in the U.S. Virgin Islands is from conventional thermal generation. As such, Pechan developed growth factors using 1999 and 2002 thermal electricity generation values for the Virgin Islands as reported by the 2004 International Energy Annual (EIA, 2004). This growth factor was used to es timate distillate fuel usage in 2002.PECHAN June 2010

53 Final Report b. Control Data

The activity data reported notes that CAP control information is incomplete in the permit applications used to compile activity data fo r this category (EPA, 2003). Therefore, Pechan
assumed that the emission units were uncontrolled for CAPs.

c. Emission Factors

Table IV-20 lists the uncontrolled emission fact ors used to calculate CAP emissions for small electric utility boilers burning distillate oil (Huntley, 2009).

Table IV-20. Uncontrolled Small Elect ric Utility Boiler Emission Factors for
Distillate Oil Combustion

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission
Factor (lb/thousand gallons) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 0.25 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 1 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 1.3 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 1.55 Huntley, 2009 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 2.3 Huntley, 2009 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 20 Huntley, 2009 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 42.6 Huntley, 2009

d. Sample Calculations

Growth Factor For Distillate Fuel Consumption:

1999 thermal generation = 1.02 billion kilowatt-hours 2002 thermal generation = 0.98 billion kilowatt-hours

Growth Factor = 2002 thermal gene ration /1999 thermal generation
= 0.98 / 1.02

= 0.959

This shows a 4.1% decrease and thus the growth factor used was 0.959.

Estimate of Distillate Fuel Consumption in 2002

As an example, 2002 distillate fuel usage is ca lculated using 1999 usage and the growth factor (GF) of 0.959.

FC 2002 ,x = FC 1999, x × GFPECHAN June 2010

54 Final Report where:

FC 2002,x = year 2002 consumption for fuel type x (gallons)

FC 1999

, x = year 1999 consumption for fuel type x (gallons) GF = growth factor

FC 1999, distillate oil = 1,316 gallons

FC 2002, distillate oil = 1,316 gallons × 0.959 = 1,262 gallons

CAP Emissions

Annual CAP emissions are calculated us ing emission factors and activity as:

E x,p = FC

x × EF x,p × 1 / 1000 × 1 / 2000

where:

E x,p = annual emissions for fuel t ype x and pollutant p (ton/year)

FC

x = annual fuel consumption for fuel type x (gallon)

EF x,p = emission factor for fuel type x and pollutant p (lb/1,000 gallon)

1 / 1000 = unit conversion factor (gallon/1,000 gallon)

1 / 2000 = unit conversion factor (ton/lb).

Example:

E distillate oil, PM25-FIL = 1,262 gallon/year × 0.25 lb/1,000 gallon × 1 / 1,000 (gallon /1,000 gallon) × 1 / 2,000 (ton/lb) = 1.58 E-04 ton/year

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this so urce category is “Small Electric Utility Boilers.”

3. References

EIA, 2004: Energy Information Administrati on, International Ener gy Annual, 2004, Table 6.1,
World Total Net Thermal El ectricity Generation, 1980-2004.

EPA, 2003: Virgin Islands 1999 Area Source Inventory Data Collection Effort, Volumes 1 and

2 , Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency Region 2, State Implementation Plan Section, by Booz, Allen, and Hamilt on, Durham, North Carolina, September 4, 2003.

Huntley, 2009: U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency (Huntley.Roy@epamail.epa.gov) in consultation with the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC), “state_comparison ERTAC SS_version7_4 Nov 23 2009.mdb [electronic file],” November 23, 2009.PECHAN June 2010

55 Final Report 

### P. STRUCTURE FIRES

1. Description

The structure fires nonpoint sour ce category results from unintenti onal actions, arson, or natural
events that occur in residential and commercial st ructures (including garage fires). This category
does not include accidental industria l fires. The types of material s consumed in a structure fire range from construction materials (insulation a nd wood) to interior ma terials (textiles and clothing, carpets, plastics, paper, and furniture; EPA, 2003).

The following SCC was assigned for structure fires:

SCC Descriptor 1 Descriptor 3 Descriptor 6 Descriptor 8 2810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other Combustion Structure Fires Total

2. Methodology

a. Activity Data

The final 1999 activity data for the U.S. Virgin Islands is provided in Table 4.13.4 of the activity data report (EPA, 2003). The activity is reported for each island based on the number of fire incident reports collected from fire stations. The activity collected was for the fiscal year October 1998 to September 1999. It was assumed th at the data collected during this period was representative of the frequency of structure fires for calendar year 1999.

Information was not available to determine stru cture fire activity for 2002 in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Therefore, in the absence of data fo r 2002, the 1999 inventory was used as a surrogate
for 2002 emissions.

b. Control Data

Controls are not applicable for this source category.

c. Emission Factors

Table IV-21 lists the CAP emission factor s for structure fires (Pechan, 2004).

Table IV-21. Emission F actors for Structure Fires

Pollutant Description Pollutant Code Emission Factor (lb/ton burned) Emission Factor
Reference Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25-FIL 9.828 Pechan, 2004 Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10-FIL 10.8 Pechan, 2004 Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM-CON 0 Pechan, 2004 Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25-PRI 9.828 Pechan, 2004 Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10-PRI 10.8 Pechan, 2004 Nitrogen Oxides NOX 1.4 Pechan, 2004PECHAN June 2010

56 Final Report d. Sample Calculations

Tons of Material Burned in Structure Fires:

An average fuel loading factor of 1.15 ton per fire was used to calcu late tons of material burned (EIIP, 2001). In 1999, there were si x structure fires on St. John.

Tons of Material Burned = 1.15 ton per fire × 6 fires = 6.9 tons

CAP Emissions

Annual CAP emissions are calculated us ing emission factors and activity as:

E x,p = MB
x × EF p × 1 / 2000

where:

E p = emissions from structure fires fo r year x and pollutant p (ton/year)
MB = mass of material burned in structure fires in year x (tons)

EF p = emission factor for pollutant p (lb/ton)

1 / 2000 = unit conversion factor (ton/lb).

Example:

E 2002, PM2.5-FIL = 6.9 tons/year × 9.828 lb/ton × 1 / 2,000 (ton/lb) = 3.39 E-02 ton/year

A Microsoft Excel workbook, which accompanies this report, provides the activity data, emission factors, growth factors and calculatio ns used to estimate 2002 criteria air pollutant emissions. Pechan developed separate emi ssion result worksheets for each major source category. The name of the worksheet for this source category is “Structure Fires.”

3. References

EIIP, 2001: Emissions Inventory Improvement Program, Volume III, Chapter 18: Structure

Fires , Revised Final, January 2001.

EPA, 2003: Virgin Islands 1999 Area Source Inventory Data Collection Effort, Volumes 1 and

2 , prepared for U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency Region 2, State Implementation Plan Section, by Booz, Allen, and Hamilton, Durham, NC, September 4, 2003.

Pechan, 2004: Documentation for the Final 1999 National Emissions Inventory (Version 3.0) for
Criteria and Ammonia Area Sources , prepared for the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventor y Group, Environmental Protection Agency by E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., January 31, 2004.PECHAN June 2010

57 Final Report 

## CHAPTER V. COMMERCIAL MARINE VESSEL EMISSIONS
INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

This chapter provides descriptions of the sour ce categories, methods, emissions factors, and
information sources used to calculate emissi ons for commercial marine vessels (CMV). Example calculations are also provided for each CMV source category using actual data.



### A. DESCRIPTION

This section describes the ports of interest for which emission estimates were developed, and discusses the types of operations and vessels each port supports . Information on the ports/docks on St. John was obtained from the Virgin Islands Port Authority.

1. Ports of Interest

The Loredon L. Boynes Sr. Dock Located in Cruz Bay, this dock is the main por t of entry to St. John. The dock can accommodate up to four vessels simultaneously. Several ferry operators provide service from this facility to
Red Hook and the Charlotte Amalie Harbor in St. Thomas.

The St. John Cargo Dock Prior to completion of the Theodore Eric Mooreh ead Marine Facility in 2006, the St. John Cargo Dock handled cargo and foreign vessels in Cruz Bay. After completion of the Theodore Eric Moorehead Marine Facility, all cargo activity was shifted to Enighed Pond.

The Theodore Eric Moorehead Marine Facility Located in Enighed Pond, this facility was co mpleted in 2006 to accommodate an increase in cargo traffic at the St. John Cargo Dock. The facili ty consists of 650 lineal feet of berthing space for cargo vessels, six acres for cargo handling an d storage, and a channel and turn-around area for vessels up to 175 feet in length. The Port Au thority shifted all cargo activity to Enighed Pond
in 2006.

The Victor William Sewer Marine Facility Located in Cruz Bay, this faci lity had a small, one-acre area for cargo handling and temporary storage in 2002. However, after the completion of the Theodore Er ic Moorehead Marine Facility, the Port Authority ceased all cargo operations at this port. This dock is now used for the berthing of passenger ferries and tenders.

2. Vessel Types

The CMV emissions inventory for St. John includ es general container ships, passenger ships (i.e., cruise ships), and ferries. The ports of interest engage in fr eight cargo and passenger operation activities. Table V-1 list s the vessel categories that are e xpected to be included in the inventory for each of the ports.PECHAN June 2010

58 Final Report Table V-1. Vessel Cate gories by St. John Port

Port Cruise Ship Ferry General Cargo

The Loredon L. Boynes Sr. Dock   The St. John Cargo Dock  The Theodore Eric Moorehead Marine Facility The Victor William Sewer Marine Facility  

The remaining sections in this chapter describe the data collected to estimate activity for each vessel category, including vessel calls, time-in-mode and load factors. This is followed by a discussion of the available emission factors, So urce Classification Code (SCC) assignments, and
references.



### B. ACTIVITY DATA

Activity for each CMV category was calcu lated using the following equation:

Calls Time LoadFactor Power Activity mode mode    

Activity mode = activity by mode (kilowatt [kW]-hours)

Power = rated engine power by vessel and engine type (kW)
Load Factor = load factor of the engi ne by vessel type and mode

Time mode = time in mode per call by vessel type (hours)
Calls = number of port calls by vessel and engine type

This calculation was performed for both propulsion and auxiliary engines and for each activity mode. Four activity modes are typically used to characterize CMV opera tions; cruise, reduced speed zone (RSZ), maneuver, and hotel. Underw ay emissions may be defined as the combined activity of cruise and RSZ modes. Port emissi ons typically reflect the combined activity of maneuvering and hotelling modes. Hotelling is defi ned as the time the vessel is at dock. Only auxiliary engines operate during hotelling. Pech an disaggregated the fleet according to engine type (i.e., 2-stroke or 4-stroke) and hp range to assign appropriat e emission factors that are based
on these characteristics.

1. Oceangoing vessels

a. Vessel Calls

For general cargo ships, cruise sh ips, and ferries, vessel calls we re based on data from the VI Port Authority (VIPA, 2010). The VI Port Auth ority has three vessel cl assifications: “Cruise Ships, “Other, Over 100 Gross Tons” (cargo ships), and “Other, Under 100 Gross Tons” (ferries). The calls were based on recorded ar rivals of vessels, categ orized by vessel type. A summary of annual 2002 vessel calls is provided in Table V-2.PECHAN June 2010

59 Final Report Table V-2. 2002 St. John V essel Calls by Vessel Type

Vessel Type Vessel Type Name Number of Calls FER Ferry 8,679 GGC General Cargo 43
MPR Cruise 12

Characterizing the vessel-specific fleets by engine type, engine configuration, and engine size is necessary to assign the a ppropriate loading factors and emissi on factors. Pechan and EPA were unable to acquire engine specific data from the VI Port Authority, requiring the use of combined surrogate data from a similar study of several Alaskan ports and from an EPA study of “typical ports” (Pechan, 2005; EPA, 1999a). For example, di esel engines were not identified as either 2- stroke (i.e., slow speed), or 4-st roke (i.e., medium speed). As such, Pechan assigned each diesel propulsion engine to 2-stroke or 4-stroke based on data from the Alaskan study. In general, cruise ships are diesel-electric, medium speed engines. General cargo ships were all assumed to be 2-stroke slow speed engines. Data from the Alaskan study was deemed an appropriate surrogate for St. John since the number of calls and vessel types are sim ilar to the St. John port
data.

Table V-3 provides a summary of average propulsion and auxiliar y power by vessel type. The average values were developed by weighting the reported engine size from the Alaska study for Juneau (i.e., ferries) and Kodiak (i.e., cruise ships and general cargo ships) by the number of ship calls for those vessel types.

For vessel type i,

Weighted Propulsion Engine i = ( ∑ propulsion engine power) i /# calls i

Table V-3 also provides average speeds used for estimating time in cruise mode, which are discussed in more detail below, along with other time-in-mode es timates (average speed data for the Port of Tampa from EPA, 1999a).

Table V-3. Summary of List ed Vessel and Engine Data

Vessel Type Vessel Type
Name Engine Type Engine Configuration Total Calls Weighted Propulsion Engine, kW Weighted Auxiliary Engine, kW Service Speed,
knots FER Ferry DSL 2-stroke 290 7,502 1,514 13 GGC General Cargo DSL 2-stroke 57 800 79 14 MPR Cruise DSL 4-stroke 1 37,800 11,925 20PECHAN June 2010

60 Final Report b. Time-in-Mode

Four activity modes are accounted for including cruise, RSZ, maneuver, and hotel. Modespecific emission factors have been developed for larger vessels, t hough these data are not available for smaller Category 1 and 2 vessels such as ferries. Mo st engines operate at different load factors depending on the mode, which is importa nt to reflect in the overall activity estimate. Table V-4 presents definitions of each of these modes. An additional discussion of the procedures for calculating time-in -mode is described below.

Table V-4. Vessel Mode Definitions

Vessel Mode Description 1
Cruise Time at service or normal cruising speed calculated for a port area from 25 miles outside of the breakwater, which is the geographic marker for the change from open ocean to inland waterway. Reduced Speed Zone Time at a speed less than cruise and greater than maneuvering. This is the maximum safe speed the vessel uses to traverse distances within the waterway. RSZ often occurs from the breakwater or waterway entrance until maneuvering starts, and then again when the vessel is clearing the waterway. Maneuvering Time at dead slow (2 to 5 knots), wh ich is typically carried out for the last 2 miles before the vessel reaches its pier /wharf/dock (PWD) or anchorage, or

reverse. Hotelling Time at port when vessel is operating auxiliary engines only

1 Source: Commercial Marine Activity for Deep Sea Ports in the United States (EPA, 1999a).

Cruise

Emissions for ocean-going vessels in cruise mode are typically estimated for each port from 25 miles outside of the harbor area, or breakwate r, consistent with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) methodology for deep sea port inventories (EPA, 1999a). Cruise time-in-mode is typically estimated based on th is 25-mile distance and average ship speeds, using the equation below:

Cruise = (25 miles / Vessel Speed) * 2

However, cruise ships and cargo ships traveling to St. John firs t stop in St. Thomas (Webbe, 2010). Since the distance between Charlotte Ama lie on St. Thomas and Cruz Bay on St. John is approximately 15 miles, it is assumed that all tr avel between St. Thomas and St. John will occur in the RSZ mode. This is a valid assumption si nce vessels are restricted by the breakwater distance at each port. For ferri es, the average trip distance is 10 miles (Webbe, 2010). Since ferries are small vessels, it is assumed that they will travel at cruise speed for 90 percent of the trip distance, even inside the harbor area. This agrees with the travel time required to meet known ferry arrival/departur e schedules (USVI, 2010).

Vessel speeds for the different vessel types were estimated from available data compiled by EPA for the Port of Tampa, Florida (EPA, 1999a). Speeds were assigned by matching available average speeds to vessel types. The Port of Tampa data was used because domestic vessel activity, which can influence vessel speeds, is likely similar to St. John.PECHAN June 2010

61 Final Report Reduced Speed Zone (RSZ) and Maneuvering

Not all harbor areas have a spec ific RSZ, but speeds slower than service speed are typical once the harbor pilot boards the vessel. Pilots may c onsider any speed less than service speed to be maneuvering, although EPA distinguishes between RSZ and maneuver, defining RSZ as the speed in open or somewhat congested water at speeds between 5 and 15 knots, and maneuvering as the time at speeds under 5 knots used for movements in close proximity to a PWD or anchorage.

Shifting is the practice of a vesse l entering a port area, and docking at anchor or PWD for a time, and then proceeding to another anchor or PWD within the same port area, which would impact maneuvering time. For St. John, shif ting is not expected to occur.

For St. John, times for these modes were estimated according to EPA procedures (EPA, 1999a). Using average speeds for cruise ships and cargo ships, a minimum RSZ time per call was calculated by dividing 15 miles, the estimat ed round-trip distance for deceleration and acceleration, by 65 percent of the average speed. Using average speeds for ferries, a minimum RSZ time per call was calculated by dividing 1 mile, 10 percent of the estimated round-trip distance for deceleration and acceleration, by 65 percent of the average speed.

(minimum RSV time per call) cruise ships = 15 miles / (average speed * 0.65)

For cruise ships and cargo ships, maneuvering time -in-mode was assumed to be 1 hour for each port call based on data from EPA fo r the Port of Tampa, Florida (EPA, 1999a). For ferries, the maneuvering time in mode was assumed to be 0.15 hours based on arriva l/departure schedules (USVI, 2010).

Hotelling

Hotelling represents the time the ship spends at port. Hotelling times for cruise ships and cargo ships were based on data obtained from the Al askan study (Pechan, 2005) as opposed to the EPA study (EPA, 1999a) because a comparison of the ti mes indicated that th e Alaskan study better reflects what is expected for St. John. For example, it is likely that cruise ships and cargo ships will dock in St. John for less than a day. For fe rries, hotelling time was assumed to be 0.25 hours per call based on ferry schedules (USVI, 2010).PECHAN June 2010

62 Final Report c. Load Factors

Pechan used average load factors developed by ot her studies for each vessel type and mode of operation. Table V-5 presents the load factors that EPA re commends for pr opulsion engine loads for various vessel types in cruise, RSZ, and maneuvering mode (EPA, 2000). Auxiliary load assumptions for cruise ships were based on data available from the Port of Los Angeles (POLA, 2004; Pechan, 2005). Li ke the propulsion load factors, these values represent load factors that vary by time-in-mode , which is expected for auxiliary engines as well. See Table V-6 for auxiliary load factors by vessel type.

Table V-5. Propulsion E ngine Load Factors by Vessel Type and Mode

Codes Vessel Type Cruise RSZ Maneuver

GC General Cargo 0.80 0.35 0.20
PA Cruise 0.80 0.20 0.10
MS Miscellaneous* 0.80 0.30 0.15

*Used for Ferries

Table V-6. Auxiliary Engine Load Factors by Vessel Type and Mode

Vessel Type Cruise RSZ Maneuver Hotelling General Cargo 0.17 0.27 0.45 0.22
Miscellaneous* 0.17 0.27 0.45 0.22 Cruise 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.64

*Used for Ferries



### C. EMISSION FACTORS

In its 1999 final rule for commercial marine dies el engines, EPA defined three categories of marine diesel engines based on engine displ acement, power and revolutions per minute (EPA, 1999b). Table V-7 presents the definitions for each category. EPA developed a baseline emissions inventory for each category. In 2003, a separate rule was finalized for Category 3 engines. EPA prepared a more detailed emi ssions inventory for Cate gory 3 engines in the regulatory support document for that rulemaking (EPA, 2003a).

Table V-7. U.S. EPA Marine Engine Category Definitions

Category Displacement per Cylinder Power Range (kW) Revolutions per Minute Range 1 disp. < 5 liters and power > 37 kW 37 - 2,300 1,800 - 3,000
2 5 < disp. < 30 liters 1,500 - 8,000 750 - 1,500 3 disp > 30 liters 2,500 - 80,000 60 - 900

Using EPA methodologies, Pechan assigned each propulsion and auxiliary engine to an EPA Marine Engine Category based on the vessel type (EPA 2002; EPA, 2003a). Table V-8 presents Pechan’s assignments for each vessel and engine type.PECHAN June 2010

63 Final Report Table V-8. EPA Marine Engi ne Category by Vessel Type

Vessel Type Propulsion Auxiliary General Cargo Cat 3 Cat 2
Cruise Cat 3 Cat 3 Ferry Cat 2 Cat 1

Pechan obtained Category 3 e ngine emission factors for NO

x , hydrocarbons (assumed equivalent to VOC), CO, PM, and SO 2 from EPA (EPA, 2002). Category 1 and Category 2 engine emission
factors for NO

x , hydrocarbons, CO, and PM were obtai ned from EPA (1999b) and emission
factors for SO 2 were obtained from a CMV emission i nventory prepared for the European Commission (ENTEC, 2002). Table V-9 and Table V-10 present the emission factor values for each mode of operation, where available. Fine particulate matter (less than or equal to 2.5 microns [PM 2.5 ]) emissions are assumed to be 97 percent of the PM 10 (less than or equal to 10 microns) emissions. This ratio is based on an upda ted analysis of particle size distribution data analysis performed for nonroad diesel engi nes in EPA’s NONROAD 2004 model (EPA, 2004).

Table V-9. Criteria Pollutant Em ission Factors for Category 3 Engines

VOC NO
x CO PM 10 -PRI SO 2

Mode Engine Grams per
kW-hour Grams per
kW-hour Grams per
kW-hour Grams per
kW-hour Grams per
kW-hour
Cruise 2-stroke 0.530 23.60 1.10 1.73 12.82
4-stroke 0.530 16.60 0.70 1.76 12.99
RSZ 2-stroke 0.530 23.60 1.10 1.73 12.82
4-stroke 0.530 16.60 0.70 1.76 12.99
Maneuver 2-stroke 2.803 32.06 8.14 2.91 19.81
4-stroke 2.910 22.64 5.94 2.98 20.30
Hotel 2-stroke 0.134 13.36 2.48 0.32 1.43
4-stroke 0.134 13.36 2.48 0.32 1.43

Table V-10. Criteria Po llutant Emission Factors for Category 1 and 2 Engines

Engine Category Power CO NO
x VOC PM 10 -PRI SO 2

(kW) (Grams per kW-hour] (Grams per kW-hour) (Grams per kW-hour] (Grams per kW-hour] (Grams per kW-hour]
Category 2 all 2.48 13.36 0.134 0.32 3.92

Category 1 75-130 1.7 10 0.27 0.4 2.27

130-225 1.5 10 0.27 0.4 2.27

225-450 1.5 10 0.27 0.3 2.27

450-560 1.5 10 0.27 0.3 2.27

560-1000 1.5 10 0.27 0.3 2.27

1000+ 2.5 13 0.27 0.3 2.27

NH 3 from the combustion of residual and distilla te diesel was based on EPA emission factors developed on a fuel consumption basis for h eavy-duty highway diesel engines (EPA, 2003b).
The ammonia emission factor is estimated to be 83.3 milligrams per gallon diesel fuel. SincePECHAN June 2010

64 Final Report emission factors are based on fuel consumption, P echan converted the activity data in kW-hour to gallons using brake-specific fuel consumpti on (BSFC) rates for each engine type. The BSFC values for Category 1 and 2 engines are availabl e from a South Coast Air Quality Management District study of marine vesse ls (AQMD, 2004). The Category 3 BSFC values were obtained from an International Maritime Organization report on emissions from CMV (IMO, 2000). Table V-11 presents the BSFC values.

Table V-11. Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption for Marine Engines

Engine Type Product BSFC, gallons/kW-hr
Cat 1 Diesel 0.07249
Cat 2 Diesel 0.06447
Cat 3 2-stroke Diesel 0.06473
Cat 3 4-stroke Diesel 0.07099

Annual 2002 emissions were calculated by vessel type , engine type and mode of operation using the port-specific activity data in kW-hours. Emission amounts were calculated by multiplying the activity in kW-hours by the emissions factor in grams per kW-hour and a conversion factor from grams to tons.



### D. SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODE (SCC) ASSIGNMENTS

For inventory reporting purposes, EP A classifies CMV emissions by fuel type (coal, residual, diesel) and by either vessel type (e.g., cruise, cargo, ferry) or mode of operation (port and underway). The SCCs assigned to each vessel cate gory are listed in Tabl e V-12. Due to limited data availability, all vessels were as sumed to burn mari ne diesel fuel.

Table V-12. SCC Assignments by Vessel and Engine Type

V essel Type Vessel Category Engine SCC SCC Description
MPR Cruise Ships Diesel 2280002100 Marine Ve ssels, Commercial, Diesel, Port Emissions
GGC General Cargo Diesel 2280002100 Marine Ve ssels, Commercial, Diesel, Port Emissions
FER Ferries Diesel 2280002100 Marine Vessels, Commercial, Diesel, Port Emissions
MPR Cruise Ships Diesel 2280002200 Marine Vessels, Commercial, Diesel, Underway Emissions
GGC General Cargo Diesel 2280002200 Marine Vessels, Commercial, Diesel, Underway Emissions
FER Ferries Diesel 2280002200 Marine Vessels, Commercial, Diesel, Underway Emissions



### E. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

PM 10 Emissions for Cruise Ships Underway

Emissions PM10, underway = ∑ average time in mode per call (h/c all) × # of calls × engine power mode,

engine type (kW) × Emission Factor mode, engine type (g/kW-h) ÷ 907,185 g/tonPECHAN June 2010

65 Final Report Example : Emissions PM10, underway = [0 h/call × 12 calls × 30,240 kW × 1.76 g/kW-h) ÷ 907,185 g/ton] cruise, propulsion + [0 h/call × 12 calls × 9,540 kW × 1.76 g/kW-h ÷ 907,185 g/ton] cruise,

auxiliary + [1.15 h/call × 12 calls × 7,560 kW × 1.76 g/kW-h ÷ 907,185 g/ton] rsv, propulsion + [1.15 h/call × 12 calls × 9,540 kW × 1.76 g/kW-h ÷ 907,185 g/ton] rsv, auxiliary

Example Result: Emissions PM10, underway = 0.46 tons



### F. REFERENCES

AQMD, 2004: South Coast Air Quality Manageme nt District, Carl Moyer Program Appendix 4 – Marine Vessels, information retrieved February 20, 2004 from http://www.aqmd.gov/tao/carl_moyer_program_2003.html

.

ENTEC, 2002: Quantification of Emissions from Ships Associated with Ship Movements between Ports in the European Community . Final Report. European Commission, July

2002.

EPA, 1999a: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Commercial Marine Activity for Deep Sea
Ports in the United States , prepared by ARCADIS Geraght y & Miller, Inc., EPA420-R99-020, September 1999.

EPA, 1999b: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Final Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Emissions from Marine Diesel Engines , Office of Mobile Sources, Engine Programs and Compliance Divisi on, EPA420-R-99-026, November 1999.

EPA, 2000: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Analysis of Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions and Fuel Consumption Data , Revised Draft Report, prepared by ENVIRON International Corp., EPA420-R-00-002, February 2000.

EPA, 2002: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Commercial Marine Emission Inventory Development , Revised Draft Report, prepared by ENVIRON International Corp., April

2002.

EPA, 2003a: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Final Regulatory Support Document: Control of Emissions from New Marine Co mpression-Ignition Engines at or Above 30 Liters per Cylinder , Office of Transportation a nd Air Quality, EPA420-R-03-004, January 2003.

EPA, 2003b: U.S. Environmental Protection Ag ency, “Draft Document ation for the NONROAD
Model Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutant Components of the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) for 2002 Version: January 2004,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Inc., December 2003.PECHAN June 2010

66 Final Report EPA, 2004: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling--Compression-Ignition , Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA420-P-04-009, April 2004.

IMO, 2000: Internationa l Maritime Organization, Study of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships ; Issues No. 2, 31, March 2000.

Pechan, 2005: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., Commercial Marine Inventories for Select
Alaskan Ports , Final Report, prepared for Alas ka Department of Environmental Conservation, June 2005.

POLA, 2004: Port of Los Angeles, Port-Wide Baseline Air Emissi ons Inventory, Final Draft

, Prepared For POLA, Prepared By Starcr est Consulting Group, LLC, Houston, TX 77007,

June 2004.

USVI, 2010: St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, Ferry Schedules from http://www.stjohnusvi.com/ferry.html , viewed May 15, 2010.

VIPA, 2010: Virgin Islands Port Authority, Marine Traffic , from http://www.viport.com/statistics.html , accessed April 28, 2010.

Webbe, 2010: Keshema Webbe, EPA-CEPD/VI, personal communication with Jonathan G. Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., May 20, 2010.PECHAN June 2010

67 Final Report 

## CHAPTER VI. HIGHWAY MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS
INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

This section of the study was deleted by th e EPA WAM through technical direction. EPA Region 2 will use highway mobile source activity data and emissions developed in support of the

2002 NEI.PECHAN June 2010

68 Final Report 

## CHAPTER VII. EMISSION SUMMARIES

Table VII-1. Emissions Summary by Inventory and Pollutant

Pollutant

Code Emissions Numeric Value (tons/yr)
Small
Point Nonpoint CMV TOTAL
VOC 0.011 4.149 4.159
NOX 0.715 3.675 318.357 322.747
CO 60.101 60.101
SO2 1.432 0.045 94.210 95.687
PM10-PRI 0.079 143.991 8.581 152.651
PM25-PRI 0.062 23.245 8.324 31.631
PM10-FIL 0.035 143.982 8.581 152.599
PM25-FIL 0.018 23.237 8.324 31.579
PM-CON 0.044 0.008 0.000 0.052
NH3 0.132 0.132

Table VII-2. Small Point Emissions Summary by Pollutant and Facility

Pollutant

Code Emissions Numeric Value (tons/yr)

Caneel

Bay
Resort Gallows
Point
Resort Grand Bay
Resort Myrah Keating
Smith Community
Health Center Sirenusa VI Water &
Power Authority TOTAL
PM25-FIL 0.010 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.018
PM10-FIL 0.014 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.017 0.035
PM-CON 0.016 0.000 0. 005 0.001 0.000 0.022 0.044
PM25-PRI 0.027 0.000 0.008 0.001 0.000 0.026 0.062
PM10-PRI 0.030 0.000 0.009 0.001 0.000 0.038 0.079
SO2 0.537 0.000 0.162 0.021 0.000 0.711 1.432
NOX 0.252 0.019 0.083 0.027 0.000 0.334 0.715
VOC 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.003 0.011PECHANJune 201069Final ReportTable VII-3. Small Point Emissions by Facility and SCCFacility NameSICCodeSCCSCC Level 1 DescriptionSCC Level 2DescriptionSCC Level 3 DescriptionSCC Level 4 DescriptionPollutantCodeEmissionsNumericValue(tons/yr)Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-FIL0.010Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-FIL0.014Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM-CON0.016Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI0.027Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI0.030Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesSO20.537Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesNOX0.252Caneel Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesVOC0.004Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-FIL0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-FIL0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM-CON0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesSO20.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesNOX0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesVOC0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-FIL0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-FIL0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM-CON0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-PRI0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-PRI0.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesSO20.000Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesNOX0.019Gallows Point Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesVOC0.001Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary SourceFuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-FIL0.003Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-FIL0.004Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM-CON0.005Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI0.008Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI0.009Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesSO20.162Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesNOX0.076Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesVOC0.001Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-FIL0.000Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-FIL0.000Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM-CON0.000Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-PRI0.000Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-PRI0.000Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesSO20.000Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesNOX0.007Grand Bay Resort 7000 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesVOC0.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-FIL0.000PECHANJune 201070Final ReportFacility NameSICCodeSCCSCC Level 1 DescriptionSCC Level 2DescriptionSCC Level 3 DescriptionSCC Level 4 DescriptionPollutantCodeEmissionsNumericValue(tons/yr)Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal:Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-FIL0.001Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM-CON0.001Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI0.001Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI0.001Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesSO20.021Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesNOX0.010Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesVOC0.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-FIL0.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-FIL0.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM-CON0.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-PRI0.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-PRI0.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesSO20.000Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesNOX0.017Myrah Keating Smith CommunityHealth Center 8060 2103007000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesVOC0.001Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-FIL0.000Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-FIL0.000Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM-CON0.000Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI0.000Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI0.000Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesSO20.000Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesNOX0.000Sirenusa 7000 2103004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionCommercial/ Institutional Distillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesVOC0.000VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-FIL0.004VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-FIL0.017VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM-CON0.022VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM25-PRI0.026VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesPM10-PRI0.038VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesNOX0.334VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesSO20.711VI Water & Power Authority 3612 2101004000Stationary Source Fuel CombustionElectric UtilityDistillate OilTotal: Boilers and IC EnginesVOC0.003PECHANJune 201071Final ReportTable VII-4. Nonpoint Emissions by SCCSCCSCC Level 1 DescriptionSCC Level 2 DescriptionSCC Level 3 DescriptionSCC Level 4 DescriptionPollutantCodeEmissionsNumericValue(tons/yr)2104007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion ResidentialLiquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-FIL0.0032104007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion ResidentialLiquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-FIL0.0052104007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion ResidentialLiquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM-CON0.0082104007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion ResidentialLiquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM25-PRI0.0112104007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion ResidentialLiquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesPM10-PRI0.0142104007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion ResidentialLiquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesNOX3.6712104007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion ResidentialLiquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)Total: All Combustor TypesSO20.0162294000000 Mobile Sources Paved RoadsAll Paved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM25-PRI6.4692294000000 Mobile Sources Paved RoadsAll Paved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM10-PRI32.7292294000000 Mobile Sources Paved RoadsAll Paved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM25-FIL6.4692294000000 Mobile Sources Paved RoadsAll Paved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM10-FIL32.7292294000000 Mobile Sources Paved RoadsAll Paved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM-CON0.0002296000000 Mobile Sources Unpaved RoadsAll UnpavedRoadsTotal: FugitivesPM25-PRI14.8532296000000 Mobile Sources Unpaved RoadsAll Unpaved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM10-PRI99.3572296000000 Mobile Sources Unpaved RoadsAll Unpaved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM25-FIL14.8532296000000 Mobile Sources Unpaved RoadsAll Unpaved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM10-FIL99.3572296000000 Mobile Sources Unpaved RoadsAll Unpaved RoadsTotal: FugitivesPM-CON0.0002305070000 Industrial Processes Mineral ProcessesSIC 32 -Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster ProductsTotal PM25-FIL0.1312305070000 Industrial Processes Mineral ProcessesSIC 32 -Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster ProductsTotal PM10-FIL0.3222305070000 Industrial Processes Mineral ProcessesSIC 32 -Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster ProductsTotal PM-CON0.0002305070000 Industrial Processes Mineral ProcessesSIC 32 -Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster ProductsTotal PM25-PRI0.1312305070000 Industrial Processes Mineral ProcessesSIC 32 -Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster ProductsTotal PM10-PRI0.3222311010000 Industrial Processes Construction: SIC 15 -17General Building ConstructionTotal PM25-FIL1.0722311010000 Industrial Processes Construction: SIC 15 -17General Building ConstructionTotal PM10-FIL10.7222311010000 Industrial Processes Construction: SIC 15 -17General Building ConstructionTotal PM-CON0.0002311010000 Industrial Processes Construction: SIC 15 -17General Building ConstructionTotal PM25-PRI1.0722311010000 Industrial Processes Construction: SIC 15 -17General Building ConstructionTotal PM10-PRI10.7222610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedPM25-FIL0.0522610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedPM10-FIL0.0522610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedPM-CON0.0002610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedSO20.0022610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedPM25-PRI0.0522610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Leaf Species UnspecifiedPM10-PRI0.0522610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedPM25-FIL0.2502610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedPM10-FIL0.3242610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedPM-CON0.0002610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedSO20.0272610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedPM25-PRI0.2502610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningAll CategoriesYard Waste -Brush Species UnspecifiedPM10-PRI0.3242610030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningResidentialHousehold Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)PM25-FIL0.0002610030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningResidentialHousehold Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)PM10-FIL0.000PECHANJune 201072Final ReportSCCSCC Level 1 DescriptionSCC Level 2 DescriptionSCC Level 3 DescriptionSCC Level 4 DescriptionPollutantCodeEmissionsNumericValue(tons/yr)2610030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningResidentialHousehold Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)PM-CON0.0002610030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningResidentialHousehold Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)SO20.0002610030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningResidentialHousehold Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)PM25-PRI0.0002610030000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery Open BurningResidentialHousehold Waste (use 26-10-000-xxx for Yard Wastes)PM10-PRI0.0002620000000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery LandfillsAll CategoriesTotal PM25-FIL0.0002620000000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery LandfillsAll CategoriesTotal PM10-FIL0.0002620000000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery LandfillsAll CategoriesTotal PM-CON0.0002620000000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery LandfillsAll CategoriesTotal PM25-PRI0.0002620000000 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery LandfillsAll CategoriesTotal PM10-PRI0.0002801500000 Miscellaneous Area SourcesAgriculture Production -CropsAgricultural Field Burning -whole field set on fire UnspecifiedPM25-FIL0.0002801500000 Miscellaneous Area SourcesAgriculture Production -CropsAgricultural Field Burning -whole field set on fire UnspecifiedPM10-FIL0.0002801500000 Miscellaneous Area SourcesAgriculture Production -CropsAgricultural Field Burning -whole field set on fire UnspecifiedPM-CON0.0002801500000 Miscellaneous Area SourcesAgriculture Production -CropsAgricultural Field Burning -whole field set on fire UnspecifiedSO20.0002801500000 Miscellaneous Area SourcesAgriculture Production-CropsAgricultural Field Burning -whole field set on fire UnspecifiedPM25-PRI0.0002801500000 Miscellaneous Area SourcesAgriculture Production -CropsAgricultural Field Burning -whole field set on fire UnspecifiedPM10-PRI0.0002810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionForest WildfiresWildfires -UnspecifiedPM25-FIL0.3742810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionForest WildfiresWildfires -UnspecifiedPM10-FIL0.4362810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionForest WildfiresWildfires -UnspecifiedPM-CON0.0002810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionForest WildfiresWildfires -UnspecifiedPM25-PRI0.3742810001000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionForest WildfiresWildfires -UnspecifiedPM10-PRI0.4362810015000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Forest BurningUnspecifiedPM25-FIL0.0002810015000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Forest BurningUnspecifiedPM10-FIL0.0002810015000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Forest BurningUnspecifiedPM-CON0.0002810015000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Forest BurningUnspecifiedPM25-PRI0.0002810015000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Forest BurningUnspecifiedPM10-PRI0.0002810020000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Rangeland BurningUnspecifiedPM25-FIL0.0002810020000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Rangeland BurningUnspecifiedPM10-FIL0.0002810020000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Rangeland BurningUnspecifiedPM-CON0.0002810020000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Rangeland BurningUnspecifiedPM25-PRI0.0002810020000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionPrescribed Rangeland BurningUnspecifiedPM10-PRI0.0002810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionStructure FiresTotal PM25-FIL0.0342810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionStructure FiresTotal PM10-FIL0.0372810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionStructure FiresTotal PM-CON0.0002810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionStructure FiresTotal PM25-PRI0.0342810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionStructure FiresTotal PM10-PRI0.0372810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionStructure FiresTotal NOX0.0052810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionManaged Burning, Slash (Logging Debris)Unspecified Burn Method (use 2610000500 for non-logging debris)PM25-FIL0.0002810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionManaged Burning, Slash (Logging Debris)Unspecified Burn Method (use 2610000500 for non-logging debris)PM10-FIL0.0002810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionManaged Burning, Slash (Logging Debris)Unspecified Burn Method (use 2610000500 for non-logging debris)PM-CON0.0002810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionManaged Burning, Slash (Logging Debris)Unspecified Burn Method (use 2610000500 for non-logging debris)PM25-PRI0.0002810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources Other CombustionManaged Burning, Slash (Logging Debris)Unspecified Burn Method (use 2610000500 for non-logging debris)PM10-PRI0.000PECHAN June 2010

73 Final Report Table VII-5. CMV Emissions Summa ry by Pollutant and Vessel Type

Pollutant Code Emissions Numeric Value (tons/yr) Cargo Ship Cruise Ship Ferry TOTAL
VOC 0.035 0.786 3.327 4.149
NOX 0.957 21.809 295.591 318.357
CO 0.122 3.733 56.246 60.101
SO2 0.489 8.411 85.311 94.210
PM10-PRI 0.065 1.307 7.209 8.581
PM25-PRI 0.063 1.268 6.993 8.324
PM10-FIL 0.065 1.307 7.209 8.581
PM25-FIL 0.063 1.268 6.993 8.324
PM-CON 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
NH3 0.000 0.009 0.123 0.132PECHANJune 201074Final ReportTable VII-6. CMV Emissionsby Vessel Type and SCCVesselTypeSCCSCC Level 1DescriptionSCC Level 2 DescriptionSCC Level 3DescriptionSCC Level 4DescriptionPollutantCodeEmissionsNumericValue(tons/yr)Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions VOC 0.023Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions NOX 0.418Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions CO 0.094Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions SO2 0.202Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM10-PRI 0.026Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM25-PRI 0.025Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM10-FIL 0.026Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM25-FIL 0.025Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM-CON 0.000Cargo Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions NH3 0.000Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions VOC 0.012Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions NOX 0.539Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions CO 0.028Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions SO2 0.287Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM10-PRI 0.038Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM25-PRI 0.037Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM10-FIL 0.038Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM25-FIL 0.037Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM-CON 0.000Cargo Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Underway emissions NH3 0.000Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions VOC 0.648Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions NOX 17.476Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions CO 3.550Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions SO2 5.020Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM10-PRI 0.848Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM25-PRI 0.823Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM10-FIL 0.848Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM25-FIL 0.823Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Portemissions PM-CON 0.000Cruise Ship 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions NH3 0.007Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions VOC 0.138Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions NOX 4.332PECHANJune 201075Final ReportVesselTypeSCCSCC Level 1DescriptionSCC Level 2 DescriptionSCC Level 3DescriptionSCC Level 4DescriptionPollutantCodeEmissionsNumericValue(tons/yr)Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions CO 0.183Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions SO2 3.390Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM10-PRI 0.459Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM25-PRI 0.446Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM10-FIL 0.459Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM25-FIL 0.446Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM-CON 0.000Cruise Ship 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions NH3 0.002Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions VOC 0.390Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions NOX 21.640Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions CO 4.673Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions SO2 5.672Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM10-PRI 0.580Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM25-PRI 0.563Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM10-FIL 0.580Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM25-FIL 0.563Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels,Commercial Diesel Port emissions PM-CON 0.000Ferry 2280002100 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Port emissions NH3 0.011Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions VOC 2.937Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions NOX 273.951Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions CO 51.573Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions SO2 79.639Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM10-PRI 6.629Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM25-PRI 6.430Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM10-FIL 6.629Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM25-FIL 6.430Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions PM-CON 0.000Ferry 2280002200 Mobile Sources Marine Vessels, Commercial Diesel Underway emissions NH3 0.112PECHAN June 2010

76 Final Report [This page intentionally left blank.]PECHANJune 2010A-77Final ReportAPPENDIX A.FINAL CLOSE OUT PRESENTATION

# Development of 2002 Regional Haze
Source Emission Inventories for St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

Jonathan G. Dorn, Ph.D.

Frank Divita Jr., Ph.D.
June 28, 2010

## 2 

# Presentation Outline

• Project Background

• Project Scope

• Project Approach

• Source Categories Included

• Methods

• Example Calculations

• Results

• Summary

## 3 

# Emissions Inventory Experience

• More than 15 years experience supporting the EPA:

– National Emissions Inventory (NEI)

• Point, Stationary Nonpoint, Onroad Mobile, Nonroad Mobile

• For 2008 NEI, Pechan developed Nonpoint, EGU, Nonroad, and Onroad



## – Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID)



# • Base and future year inventories for RIA:

– Tier 2 Vehicle Standards, HDDV, NOx SIP Call, CAIR, Nonroad Engine Standards, Regional Haze



# • State Agencies and Regional Planning Organizations

– Criteria Pollutant Inventories for SESARM, CENRAP, OTC, MANE

- VU, MARAMA, WRAP, VISTAS, LADCO

– Criteria/HAP Pollutant Inventories for Texas, Kansas, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Delaware

– GHG inventories/forecasts for AK, CO, ID, MT, NV, SD, UT, WA, WY

## 4 

# Project Background

• Section 169A of the Clean Air Act provides authority to the EPA to require SIPs to protect visibility in Federal Class I areas.

• The Regional Haze Rule (RH), promulgated by EPA, calls for state and federal agencies to work together to improve visibility in
Federal Class I areas.

• The U.S. Virgin Islands National Park, located on St. John, VI, is a Federal Class I area.

## 5 

# Project Background (cont.)

• Regional Haze Rule requires annual
emissions estimates

• Pollutants taken into account are:

– primary PM 10 

# and PM 2.5 

# (filterable and condensable)

– oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

– volatile organic compounds (VOC)

– sulfur dioxide (SO 2 

# )

– ammonia (NH 3 

# )

## 6 

# Project Scope

• Develop a 2002 RH emissions inventory
that contains annual emissions from selected point, stationary nonpoint, nonroad mobile, and onroad mobile source categories expected to contribute to air pollution in St. John, VI.

• Estimate PM 10 

# , PM 2.5 

# , NOx, VOC, SO 2 

# , and NH 3 

# , as applicable.

## 7 

# Project Approach

• Estimate emissions using EPA methods

• Develop and implement Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)

• Obtain local activity data, when possible

• Develop Excel calculation workbooks to provide transparency and ability to update

• Develop detailed written documentation with examplesProprietary & Confidential 

## 8 

# Geographic Coverage, St. John Only

## 9 

# Source Categories Considered

EPA supplied the list of source categories

– Small Point Sources

• 6 named facilities



# – Stationary Nonpoint Sources

• 16 nonpoint categories



# – Commercial Marine Vessels

• 3 vessel types



# – Highway Mobile Sources

## 10 

# Small Point Sources

• Caneel Bay Resort

• Gallows Point Resort

• Grand Bay Resort

• Sirenusa

• Myrah Keating Smith Community Health
Center

• Virgin Islands Water & Power Authority

## 11 

# Stationary Nonpoint Sources

• Agricultural Field Burning

• Concrete Batch Mixing (Majestic Concrete)

• Forest Wildfires

• Fugitive Dust

– Paved Roads

• Fugitive Dust

– Unpaved Roads

• Landfills

• Managed Burning

– Logging Debris

• Open Burning

– Household Waste

• Open Burning

– Yard Waste

– Brush

• Open Burning

– Yard Waste

– Leaves

• Prescribed Forest Burning

• Prescribed Rangeland Burning

• Residential Boilers

– LPG

• Residential Construction

• Small Electric Utility Boilers (not included in summary)

• Structure Fires

## 12 

# Nonroad Mobile Sources

Commercial Marine Vessel and Highway Mobile Sources



# • Commercial Marine Vessels

– Cargo Ship

– Cruise Ship

– Ferry



# • Highway Mobile Sources

– Used 2002 NEI estimates because local
data was not available. Emissions are not included in the report.

## 13 

# Organization of the Final Report

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER II. DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS
ESTIMATES

A. ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION

B. GENERAL EMISSION ESTIMATION
METHODOLOGIES

C. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES

D. AUDIT

E. REFERENCES

CHAPTER III. SMALL POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS
INVENTORY

A. CANEEL BAY RESORT

B. GALLOWS POINT RESORT

C. GRAND BAY RESORT

D. MYRAH KEATING SMITH COMMUNITY HEALTH
CENTER

E. SIRENUSA

F. VIRGIN ISLANDS WATER & POWER AUTHORITY

CHAPTER IV. NONPOINT SOURCE EMISSIONS
INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

A. AGRICULTURAL FIELD BURNING

B. FOREST WILDFIRES

C. FUGITIVE DUST

– PAVED ROADS

D. FUGITIVE DUST

– UNPAVED ROADS

E. LANDFILLS F. MAJESTIC CONCRETE

– BATCH MIXING FACILITY

G. MANAGED BURNING

– LOGGING DEBRIS

H. OPEN BURNING

– HOUSEHOLD WASTE

I. OPEN BURNING

– YARD WASTE

- BRUSH

J. OPEN BURNING

– YARD WASTE

- LEAVES

K. PRESCRIBED FOREST BURNING

L. PRESCRIBED RANGELAND BURNING

M. RESIDENTIAL BOILERS

- LPG

N. RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

O. SMALL ELECTRIC UTILITY BOILERS

P. STRUCTURE FIRES

CHAPTER V. COMMERCIAL MARINE VESSEL
EMISSIONS INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

A. DESCRIPTION

B. ACTIVITY DATA

C. EMISSION FACTORS

D. SOURCE CLASSIFICATION CODE (SCC)
ASSIGNMENT

E. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

F. REFERENCES

CHAPTER VI. HIGHWAY MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS
INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER VII. EMISSION SUMMARIES

## 14 

# Methods

## 15 

# Small Point and Stationary Nonpoint Sources

Estimated year 2002 emissions at the SCC
level

E y 

# = u y 

# × EF × CF

E y 

# = annual emissions (ton/year)

u

y 

# = annual activity (e.g., volume of fuel used (gallons))

EF = emission factor (tons of pollutant emitted/gallon of fuel)

CF = control factor (Note: CF= (1

- CE), where CE is the control efficiency)

Note: In some cases surrogate data was used to approximate year 2002 activity

## 16 

# Commercial Marine Vessels

Activity for each CMV category was calculated using the following equation:

Ac tiv ity mode 

## = activity by mode (kilowatt [kW]

- hours)

Power = rated engine power by vessel and engine type (kWs)

Load Factor = load factor of the engine by vessel type and mode

Time mode 

## = time in mode per call by vessel type (hours)

Calls = number of port calls by vessel and engine type 

# Calls Time LoadFactor Power Activity × × × = mode modeProprietary & Confidential 

## 17 

# Local Activity Data Ratings

Rating Description

A Data acquired for 100% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

B Data acquired for 80% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

C Data acquired for 60% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

D Data acquired for 40% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

E Data acquired for 20% of variables used in estimating activity and emissions factors (where applicable).

F No data received.

Note: When data acquired was less than 100%, missing variables were approximated using surrogate data.Proprietary & Confidential 

## 18 

# Data Collected

– Small Point Sources

Category Description Data Collected Surrogate Data Data Rating

Resort Caneel Bay
Resort Back

- up power generator size, type and fuel consumption. A

Resort Gallows Point
Resort Fuel consumption for two propane laundry dryers, back

- up generator size, type and hours of operation. fuel consumption B

Condominium Grand Bay Back

- up generator is used on site. No information on size or fuel usage. Propane pool heater and approximate fuel consumption. generator size and fuel consumption E

Hospital Myrah Keating Smith Community
Health Center Back

- up generator type, size, fuel consumption rate, and hours of operation. Propane hot water heater type and size. No medical waste burning. No information on fuel consumption
for hot water heater. B

Condominium Sirenusa No data received. Did not break ground until 2006, so emissions
assumed to be zero for 2002 inventory. F

Industry VI Water &
Power Authority Back

- up power generator type, size, fuel consumption rate, annual fuel consumption, and no emission control system. No power generation facility on site. Power is supplied via
undersea cable from . AProprietary & Confidential 

## 19 

# Data Collected

– Nonpoint

Category Description Data Collected Surrogate Data Data Rating

Landfills Total; All Categories Landfill volume, status of landfill (i.e., inactive) and information on methane flaring A

Fugitive Dust from Paved and Unpaved
Roads All Paved Roads; Total; Fugitives No data received. F

Managed Burning

- Slash Total; Managed Burning

- Slash (Logging Debris) No burning in 2002 A

Prescribed Burning Total; Forest Management ; Prescribed Burning No burning in 2002 A

Prescribed Burning Total; Rangeland Management; Prescribed Burning No burning in 2002 A

Residential
Household Waste Open Burning Total; Household Waste; Open Burning No burning in 2002 A

Agriculture
Production

- Crops Agricultural Field Burning; Total No burning in 2002 A

Industry Concrete Batch, Majestic Concrete Sand and aggregate storage method, concrete mixing, concrete constituent loading, surface at site, controls, and quantity of
concrete mixed in 2006. windspeed , moisture

content C

Residential Yard Waste Burning

- Leaves Total; Yard Waste; Open Burning

- Leaves Percent composition of yard waste by vegetation type (i.e., grass, brush, and leaves), percent of population that burns yard waste. per capita yard waste,
% of material burned C

Residential Yard Waste Burning

- Brush Total; Yard Waste; Open Burning

- Brush Percent composition of yard waste by vegetation type (i.e., grass, brush, and leaves), percent of population that burns yard waste. per capita yard waste,
% of material burned C

Wildfires Total; Wildfires Acres burned in 2002. fuel load factor C

Residential
Construction

- Fugitive Dust Total; All Processes;
Construction Number of residential building permits, percent of houses that have part of their foundation below grade. precipitation

evaporation index CProprietary & Confidential 

## 20 

# Data Collected

– Mobile Sources

Major Category Minor Category Description Data Collected Surrogate Data Data Rating

Commercial
Marine
Vessels Ferry Traffic Cruz Bay No data received. Data on ship calls obtained from Virgin
Islands Water and Power Authority (VI WAPA) web site. power by vessel and engine type, load factor by vessel type, time in mode per call by vessel type E

Commercial
Marine
Vessels Cruise Ship
Traffic Cruz Bay No data received. Data on ship
calls obtained from VI WAPA
web site. power by vessel and engine type, load factor by vessel type, time in mode per call by vessel type E

Commercial
Marine
Vessels Marine Cargo
Traffic Enighed Pond Marine Facility No data received. Data on ship
calls obtained from VI WAPA
web site. power by vessel and engine type, load factor by vessel type, time in mode per call by vessel type E

Highway
Mobile
Source No data received F

## 21 

# Emission Factors

• Emissions factors obtained from:

– Emission Inventory Improvement Program
Guidance

– AP

- 42 Documents, other EPA approved inventory development guidance

– Pechan’s work on the 2008 nonpoint NEI for EPA

– Pechan’s work on Commercial Marine Inventories
for EPA and Alaska DEP



# • Emission factors/SCC assignments by pollutant clearly documentedProprietary & Confidential 

## 22 

# Example CalculationsProprietary & Confidential 

## 23 

# Example Calculation

– Caneel Bay Resort

• Data Rating A

• Two 725 kW back

- up diesel generators

• Consumed 25,232 gallons of diesel fuel Pollutant Description Pollutant

Code Emission

Factor (lb/10 3 Gallons)

Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable

Portion Only PM25

- FIL 0.83

Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10

- FIL 1.08

Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM

- CON 1.3

Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25

- PRI 2.13

Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10

- PRI 2.38

Nitrogen Oxides NOx 20

Volatile Organic Carbon VOC 0.34

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 42.6 

## PM 2.5 

## , filterable emissions = PM 2.5 

## EF × total diesel consumption

PM 2.5 

## , filterable emissions = 0.83 lb /10 3


## Gallons × 25.232 × 10 3 

## Gallons

PM 2.5 

## , filterable emissions = 20.94 lb or
1.05E

- 2 tonsProprietary & Confidential 

## 24 

# Example Calculation

– Open Burning Leaf Waste

• Data Rating

– C

• Population of St. John in 2002 = 4,252

• Per capita waste yard waste generated (lb/person/day) = 0.54

• Leaf fraction of waste = 0.10

• Fraction of population that burns yard waste = 0.40

• Fraction of yard waste generated that is actually burned = 0.28

Activity = population x per capita yard waste generation x fraction of

leaves x fraction that burn waste x fraction of waste burned

Activity = 4,252 person × 0.54 lb/person/day × 0.10 × 0.40 × 0.28 ×
365 days/year × 1 ton /2000 lbs

Activity = 4.69 tons of leaves burned

SO 2 emissions = tons of leaves burned × SO 2 emission factor

SO 2 emissions = 4.69 tons × 0.76 lbs/ton × 1 ton/2000 lbs

SO 2 emissions = 1.78E

- 3 tons Pollutant Description Pollutant

Code Emission Factor (lb/10 3
Gallons)

Primary PM 2.5 , Filterable Portion Only PM25

- FIL 22

Primary PM 10 , Filterable Portion Only PM10

- FIL 22

Primary PM Condensible Portion Only PM

- CON 0

Primary PM 2.5 (Filterable + Condensible) PM25

- PRI 22

Primary PM 10 (Filterable + Condensible) PM10

- PRI 22

Sulfur Dioxide SO2 0.76Proprietary & Confidential 

## 25 

# Commercial Marine Vessels

– Ports of Call

Port Cruise Ship Ferry General Cargo
The Loredon L. Boynes Sr. Dock √ √

The Cargo Dock √

The Theodore Eric Moorehead Marine Facility (Cruz Bay) The Victor William Sewer Marine Facility √ √Proprietary & Confidential 

## 26 

# Commercial Marine Vessels

– Engine Data and Port Calls

Vessel

Type Engine Type Engine Config

. Total
Calls Weighted Propulsion Engine, kW Weighted Aux Engine, kW Service Speed,

knots

Ferry Diesel 2

- stroke 8,679 7,502 (Cat 2) 1,514 (Cat 1) 13

Cargo Diesel 2

- stroke 43 800 (Cat 3) 79 (Cat 2) 14

Cruise Diesel 4

- stroke 12 37,800 (Cat 3) 11,925 (Cat 3) 20Proprietary & Confidential 

## 27 

# Commercial Marine Vessels

– Operation Modes

Vessel Mode Description

Cruise Time at service or normal cruising speed calculated for a port area from 25 miles outside of the breakwater, which is the geographic marker for the change from open ocean to inland waterway.

Reduced Speed Zone Time at a speed less than cruise and greater than maneuvering. This is the maximum safe speed the vessel uses to traverse distances within the waterway, RSZ often occurs from the breakwater or waterway entrance until maneuvering starts, and then again when the vessel is clearing the waterway.

Maneuvering Time at dead slow (2 to 5 knots), which is typically carried out for the last 2 miles before the vessel reaches its pier/wharf/dock (PWD) or anchorage, or reverse.

Hotelling Time at port when vessel is operating auxiliary engines onlyProprietary & Confidential 

## 28 

# Example Calculation

– Commercial Marine Vessels

PM 10 

## Emissions

for Cruise Ships Underway:

Emissions PM10, underway 

## = ∑average time per call (h/call) × # of calls × engine power mode, engine

type 

## (kW) × Emission Factor mode, engine type 

## (g/kW

- h) ÷ 907,185 g/ton

Emissions PM10, underway 

### = [0 h/call × 12 calls × 30,240 kW × 1.76 g/kW

- h) ÷ 907,185 g/ton] cruise, propulsion 

### + [0 h/call × 12 calls × 9,540 kW × 1.76 g/kW

- h ÷ 907,185 g/ton] cruise, auxiliary 

### + [1.15 h/call × 12 calls

× 7,560 kW × 1.76 g/kW

- h ÷ 907,185 g/ton] RSZ, propulsion 

### + [1.15 h/call × 12 calls × 9,540 kW × 1.76
g/kW

- h ÷ 907,185 g/ton] RSZ, auxiliary



## Emissions PM10, underway 

## = 0.46 TONS VOC NO

x CO PM 10 - PRI SO 2

Mode Engine Grams per

kW

- hour Grams per

kW

- hour Grams per

kW

- hour Grams per

kW

- hour Grams per

kW

- hour
Cruise 2

- stroke 0.530 23.60 1.10 1.73 12.82

4

- stroke 0.530 16.60 0.70 1.76 12.99
RSZ 2

- stroke 0.530 23.60 1.10 1.73 12.82

4

- stroke 0.530 16.60 0.70 1.76 12.99
Maneuver 2

- stroke 2.803 32.06 8.14 2.91 19.81

4

- stroke 2.910 22.64 5.94 2.98 20.30
Hotel 2

- stroke 0.134 13.36 2.48 0.32 1.43

4

- stroke 0.134 13.36 2.48 0.32 1.43Proprietary & Confidential 

## 29 

# ResultsProprietary & Confidential 

## 30 

# Total Emissions

– Summaries

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

NH3 NOX PM 10 PRI PM 2.5 PRI SO2 VOCTons/Year 

## Overall Emissions

Small Point

Non Point

Commercial Marine Vessels

On Road Mobile

TotalProprietary & Confidential 

## 31 

# Compared to Other Regions

VOC NOx SO2 PM2.5 Primary Ammonia PM10 Primary

Delaware 64,177 58,346 84,889 7,019 7,070 17,628
Los Angelos MSA 186,116 111,877 46,823 26,452 3,768 48,147

St. John, VI 40 330 97 32 2 153 - 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000Tons/Year 

## Annual EmissionsProprietary & Confidential 

## 32 

# Total Emissions

– By Type and Source

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

Marine
Vessel

- Port Marine
Vessel

- Underway Light

- Duty Gas Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## Ammonia (NH 3 

## )

1% 6%

80% 8% 4% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 33 

# Total Emissions

– By Type and Source

0 50 100 150 200 250 300Tons/Year 

## Nitrous Oxides (NO X 

## )

1%

11%

80% 5% 1% 2%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 34 

# Total Emissions

– By Type and Source

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Tons/Year 

## PM 10 

## Primary

1% 5%

21%

65% 7%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 35 

# Total Emissions

– By Type and Source

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Tons/Year 

## PM 2.5 

## Primary

4%

22%

20% 46% 3% 1% 1% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 36 

# Total Emissions

– By Type and Source

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Tons/Year 

## Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 

## )

1% 1%

11%

86%

1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 37 

# Total Emissions

– By Type and Source

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Tons/Year 

## Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

3%

7%

73% 1% 7%

6% 2% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 38 

# Small Point Emissions

– By Source

0 0.05

0.1 0.15

0.2 0.25

0.3 0.35

0.4

Caneel Bay Resort Gallows Point Resort Grand Bay Resort Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center VI Water & Power AuthorityTons/Year 

## Nitrous Oxides (NO X 

## )

35% 3% 11% 4%

47%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 39 

# Small Point Emissions

– By Source

0 0.005

0.01 0.015

0.02 0.025

0.03 0.035

0.04 0.045

Caneel Bay Resort Gallows Point Resort Grand Bay Resort Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center VI Water & Power AuthorityTons/Year 

## PM 10 

## Primary

38% 11% 2%

49%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 40 

# Small Point Emissions

– By Source

0 0.005

0.01 0.015

0.02 0.025

0.03

Caneel Bay Resort Gallows Point Resort Grand Bay Resort Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center VI Water & Power AuthorityTons/Year 

## PM 2.5 

## Primary

43% 13% 2%

42%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 41 

# Small Point Emissions

– By Source

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Caneel Bay Resort Gallows Point Resort Grand Bay Resort Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center VI Water & Power AuthorityTons/Year 

## Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 

## )

38% 11% 1%

50%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 42 

# Small Point Emissions

– By Source

0 0.0005

0.001 0.0015

0.002 0.0025

0.003 0.0035

0.004 0.0045

0.005

Caneel Bay Resort Gallows Point Resort Grand Bay Resort Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center VI Water & Power AuthorityTons/Year 

## Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

40% 7% 15%

7%

31%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 43 

# Nonpoint Emissions

– By Source

0 0.5

1 1.5

2 2.5

3 3.5

4

Residential, LPG Structure FiresTons/Year 

## Nitrous Oxides (NO X 

## )

100%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 44 

# Nonpoint Source Emissions

– By Source

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Residential, LPG Paved Roads Unpaved
Roads Concrete, Gypsum,

Plaster Construction Leaf Burning Brush Burning Forest fires Structure FiresTons/Year 

## PM 10 

## Primary

23%

69% 8%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 45 

# Nonpoint Source Emissions

– By Source

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Residential, LPG Paved Roads Unpaved
Roads Concrete, Gypsum,

Plaster Construction Leaf Burning Brush Burning Forest fires Structure FiresTons/Year 

## PM 2.5 

## Primary

28%

64% 5% 1% 2%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 46 

# Nonpoint Source Emissions

– By Source

0 0.005

0.01 0.015

0.02 0.025

0.03

Residential, LPG Leaf Burning Brush BurningTons/Year 

## Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 

## )

36% 4%

60%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 47 

# CMV Emissions

- By Vessel Type

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14

Cruise Ship Ferry Cargo ShipTons/Year 

## Ammonia (NH 3 

## )

7%

93%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 48 

# CMV Emissions

- By Vessel Type

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Cruise Ship Ferry Cargo ShipTons/Year 

## Nitrous Oxides (NO X 

## )

7%

93%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 49 

# CMV Emissions

- By Vessel Type

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Cruise Ship Ferry Cargo ShipTons/Year 

## PM 10 

## Primary

15%

84% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 50 

# CMV Emissions

- By Vessel Type

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Cruise Ship Ferry Cargo ShipTons/Year 

## PM 2.5 

## Primary

15%

84% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 51 

# CMV Emissions

- By Vessel Type

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Cruise Ship Ferry Cargo ShipTons/Year 

## Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 

## )

9%

91%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 52 

# CMV Emissions

- By Vessel Type

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

Cruise Ship Ferry Cargo ShipTons/Year 

## Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

19%

80% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 53 

# On Road Mobile Emissions

– By Type

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Light

- Duty Gas
Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## CO

81%

1% 9%

7%

2%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 54 

# On Road Mobile Emissions

– By Type

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Light

- Duty Gas
Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## NH 3

86%

8%

4% 1% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 55 

# On Road Mobile Emissions

– By Type

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Light

- Duty Gas
Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## NO X

63% 1%

7%

5%

4%

20%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 56 

# On Road Mobile Emissions

– By Type

0 0.05

0.1 0.15

0.2 0.25

0.3 0.35

0.4 0.45

0.5

Light

- Duty Gas
Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## PM 10 

## Primary

59% 1%

6%

4%

3%

24%

1% 2%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 57 

# On Road Mobile Emissions

– By Type

0 0.05

0.1 0.15

0.2 0.25

Light

- Duty Gas
Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## PM 2.5 

## Primary

50% 1% 6% 4% 3%

33%

1% 2%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 58 

# On Road Mobile Emissions

– By Type

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1 1.2 1.4

Light

- Duty Gas
Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## SO 2

73%

1%

9%

6%

3% 8%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 59 

# On Road Mobile Emissions

– By Type

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Light

- Duty Gas
Vehicles Motorcycles LDGT1 LDGT2 Other HDDV LDDT LDDVTons/Year 

## VOCs

81% 2% 8% 6% 2% 1%Proprietary & Confidential 

## 60 

# Compared to Other Regions

VOC NOx SO2 PM2.5 Primary Ammonia PM10 Primary

Delaware 64,177 58,346 84,889 7,019 7,070 17,628
Los Angelos MSA 186,116 111,877 46,823 26,452 3,768 48,147

St. John, VI 40 330 97 32 2 153 - 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000Tons/Year 

## Annual EmissionsProprietary & Confidential 

## 61 

# Compared to Other Regions

VOC NOx SO2 PM2.5 Primary Ammonia PM10 Primary

Delaware 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.02
Los Angelos MSA 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

St. John, VI 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.04 - 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12Tons/Year 

## Per Capita Emissions (2000 Census Data)

## 62 

# Summary

• Emissions from St. John are small and likely only have a small effect on visibility

• Largest emission categories are NOx from ferry’s and PM for paved/unpaved roads

• Emissions from ‘small point sources’ are insignificant

• Per capita NOx and PM 10 

# emissions in St. John are larger than Los Angeles and Delaware

• Local data not available for all source categories, (i.e., highway mobile sources)

## 63 

# Recommendations for Improvement

• Emissions from recreational motor craft should be estimated

• Emissions from commercial marine vessels are significant, but details on the local activity were unavailable and had to be
estimated

• Sulfur limits on US refined diesel fuels have been reduced. Future estimates should consider using revised SO 2 

# emissions
factors

## 64 

# Acknowledgements

• EPA Region 2: New York

– Raymond Forde (Project Manager)

– Bob Kelly

– Matthew Laurita

– Reema Loutan

– Michael Moltzen

– Megan Pease

– Steven Riva

– Richard Ruvo

– Bonnie Weinbach

– Raymond Werner

• EPA Region 2, Virgin Islands Coordinator Office

– Keshema Webbe

## 65 

# Acknowledgements (Continued)

• Virgin Islands Waste Management Authority

– May Adams Cornwall

• Virgin Islands Fire Service

– Daryl George

• Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources

– Verline Marcellin

– Dr. Nadine Noorhasan

– Douglas Hodge

• Virgin Islands Water and Power Authority

– Greg Rhymer

• Caneel Bay

– Alvin Nazario

• Gallows Point Resort

– Akhil Deshwal

• Grand Bay Resort

– Robert Messick , Attorney At Law, Icard , Merrill, Cullis

, Timm

, Furen & Ginsburg, P.A.

• Myrah Keating Smith Community Health Center

– Bernard Richardson

• Sanford, Amerling & Associates, Sirenusa

– Josh Amerling66 

# QUESTIONS?