{"id":267813,"date":"2023-03-29T15:48:25","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T19:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=mission&p=267813"},"modified":"2023-07-20T18:00:15","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T22:00:15","slug":"sts-51c","status":"publish","type":"mission","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-51c\/","title":{"rendered":"STS-51C"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-mission-hero maxw-full width-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-mission-hero\">\t<div class=\"hds-mission-header hds-mission-archived padding-top-10 padding-bottom-4 background-cover padding-x-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block grid-row flex-align-end margin-bottom-0 padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-mission-badge square-10 margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-69.png\" alt=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"page-heading-md display-block width-full\">STS-51C<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-5 tablet:margin-bottom-0 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label tag tag-mission\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mission-status-icon bg-carbon-30\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Occurred 39 years ago<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg\">This was the first mission dedicated to the Department of Defense. The U.S. Air Force Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) booster was deployed and met the mission objectives. STS-51C was originally planned for Challenger. However, problems with Challenger\u2019s thermal tiles forced a switch to Discovery.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 padding-left-0 desktop:padding-left-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-top-2 margin-right-1 desktop:margin-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-0 color-carbon-50-important\">Space Shuttle<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"p-lg font-weight-bold margin-0 padding-0 line-height-sm\">Discovery<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-top-2 margin-left-1 desktop:margin-left-0 desktop:margin-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-0 color-carbon-50-important\">mission duration<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"p-lg font-weight-bold margin-0 padding-0 line-height-sm\">3 days, 1 hour, 33 minutes, 23 seconds<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-top-2 margin-right-1 desktop:margin-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-0 color-carbon-50-important\">Launch<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"p-lg font-weight-bold margin-0 padding-0 line-height-sm\">January 24, 1985<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-top-2 margin-left-1 desktop:margin-left-0 desktop:margin-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"label margin-0 color-carbon-50-important\">Landing<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"p-lg font-weight-bold margin-0 padding-0 line-height-sm\">January 27, 1985<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Five men smile for their group picture. They are wearing space flight suits. They are holding space suite helmets in their hands. \" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 22% 41%; object-position: 22% 41%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=900,720 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">STS-51C Crew photo with Commander Thomas K. Mattingly, II, Pilot Loren J. Shriver, Mission Specialists Ellison S. Onizuka, James F. Buchli and Payload Specialist Gary E. Payton<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA Images<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mission Facts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mission: Department of Defense<br>Space Shuttle: Discovery<br>Launch Pad: 39A<br>Launch Weight: 250,891 pounds<br>Launched: January 24, 1985 at 2:50:00 p.m. EST<br>Landing Site: Kennedy Space Center, Florida<br>Landing: January 27, 1985 at 4:23:23 p.m. EST<br>Landing Weight: Classified<br>Runway: 15<br>Rollout Distance: 7,352 feet<br>Rollout Time: 50 seconds<br>Revolution: 49<br>Mission Duration: 3 days, 1 hour, 33 minutes, 23 seconds<br>Orbit Altitude: 220 nautical miles<br>Orbit Inclination: 28.5 degrees<br>Miles Traveled: 1.3 million<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crew<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mattingly_thomas.pdf?emrc=da8d65\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/mattingly_thomas.pdf?emrc=da8d65\">Thomas K. Mattingly II<\/a>, Commander<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/shriver_loren.pdf?emrc=6635a97c1b96f\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/shriver_loren.pdf?emrc=6635a97c1b96f\">Loren J. Shriver<\/a>, Pilot<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/buchli_james_0.pdf?emrc=29afd0\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/buchli_james_0.pdf?emrc=29afd0\">James F. Buchli<\/a>, Mission Specialist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/onizuka_ellison.pdf?emrc=bb2d84\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/onizuka_ellison.pdf?emrc=bb2d84\">Ellison S. Onizuka<\/a>, Mission Specialist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/payton-ge.pdf?emrc=ea066e\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/payton-ge.pdf?emrc=ea066e\">Gary E. Payton<\/a>, Payload Specialist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Launch Highlights<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The launch scheduled for January 23 was scrubbed due to freezing weather conditions. (Orbiter Challenger was scheduled for Mission 51-C but thermal tile problems forced the substitution of Discovery.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The countdown phase was completed satisfactorily, however, two minor orbiter problems were noted during that period. The first occurred during the T-3 hour hold and involved a force fight in the right inboard elevon actuator between channel 4 and channels 1, 2, and 3. The condition corrected itself within 22 seconds after the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) start up at T-5 minutes. A similar problem with the same channels in the same actuator occurred on STS 41-D (the first flight of this vehicle).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second problem that was noted during the countdown phase was the high helium concentration in the orbiter mid-body. A pressure decay test showed no significant system leakage. The high helium concentration disappeared when the main propulsion system (MPS) gaseous helium system was pressurized to the flight level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>System operations were all nominal during the ascent phase. Solid rocket booster (SRB) motor performance was near the predicted levels and well within the allowed envelopes. The external tank and MPS performance was excellent with main engine cutoff (MECO) near the predicted time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At external tank separation, the backup flight system (BFS) did not automatically proceed to major mode 104. The crew performed the necessary manual procedures, and the BFS operated satisfactorily until the deorbit maneuver when the BFS time for deorbit maneuver ignition was 8 seconds late. However, the BFS operated satisfactorily for entry.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-gallery-preview padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-7 padding-x-3 bg-spacesuit-white width-full maxw-full hds-gallery-preview-count-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-gallery-preview\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row width-full\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">STS-51C<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-wrap flex-align-center margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label hds-gallery-preview-label z-400 color-carbon-60 margin-right-3 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><path style=\"fill:#585858;\" d=\"M10,0C4.5,0-0.1,4.5,0,10.1c0.1,5.4,4.5,9.9,10.1,9.9c5.5-0.1,10-4.6,9.9-10.1C19.9,4.4,15.4,0,10,0z M10.3,19 C5.1,19.1,1,15,1,10c0-5,4-9,9-9c4.9,0,8.9,3.9,9,8.9C19.1,14.9,15.1,18.9,10.3,19z\"\/><path style=\"fill:#585858;\" d=\"M14,9c-0.8,1.2-1.5,2.5-2.3,3.7C10.5,10.5,9.2,8.2,8,6c-1.5,2.7-3,5.3-4.5,8c4.5,0,9,0,13.5,0 C16,12.3,15,10.7,14,9z\"\/><path style=\"fill:#585858;\" d=\"M13,8c1.1,0,2-0.9,2-2c0-1.1-0.9-2-2-2c-1.1,0-2,0.9-2,2C11,7,11.8,8,13,8z\"\/><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>8 Images<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-4 display-none padding-bottom-2 desktop:display-flex flex-align-start flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/gallery\/sts-51c\/\" class=\"button-primary margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"section-heading-md\">Go To Gallery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-images grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-row hds-gallery-preview-row-lg\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-col hds-gallery-preview-flex-two hds-gallery-preview-items hds-gallery-preview-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-row hds-gallery-preview-row-1-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg 425w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1240.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg 1077w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg?resize=768,575 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg?resize=1024,767 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1236.jpeg?resize=900,674 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-row hds-gallery-preview-row-1-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg?w=240\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg 833w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg?resize=240,300 240w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg?resize=768,960 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg?resize=819,1024 819w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg?resize=320,400 320w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg?resize=480,600 480w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1234.jpeg?resize=720,900 720w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg 1032w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg?resize=300,248 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg?resize=768,634 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg?resize=1024,845 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg?resize=400,330 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg?resize=600,495 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1231.jpeg?resize=900,743 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-col hds-gallery-preview-flex-three hds-gallery-preview-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item hds-gallery-preview-item-featured\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?resize=300,197 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?resize=768,504 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?resize=1024,672 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?resize=400,263 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?resize=600,394 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?resize=900,591 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1229.jpeg?resize=1200,788 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-row hds-gallery-preview-row-2 hds-gallery-preview-row-sm\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?w=198\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg 845w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?resize=198,300 198w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?resize=768,1163 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?resize=676,1024 676w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?resize=264,400 264w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?resize=396,600 396w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?resize=594,900 594w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1227.jpeg?resize=792,1200 792w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?resize=300,239 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?resize=768,612 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?resize=1024,816 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?resize=400,319 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?resize=600,478 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?resize=900,717 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1226.jpeg?resize=1200,956 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-gallery-preview-item \">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full height-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?resize=900,720 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-12 display-block desktop:display-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/gallery\/sts-51c\/\" class=\"button-primary margin-top-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"section-heading-md\">Go To Gallery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-link-list bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-2 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-4 padding-y-5 desktop:padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-link-list\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-22\">\n\t\t\t\tResources\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row padding-y-2 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-30-important\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row featured-link-list-row width-full flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 tablet:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-right-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1917\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=1917&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Space Shuttle Atlantis coming in for a landing\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 63% 46%; object-position: 63% 46%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=1917&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1917w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=150&h=150&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=300&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=768&h=769&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=1022&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1022w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=1534&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1534w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=50&h=50&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=100&h=100&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=200&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=400&h=401&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=600&h=601&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=900&h=901&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s30-s-127\/s30-s-127~large.jpg?w=1198&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1198w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1917px) 100vw, 1917px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-10 padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 margin-0\">Flights of Discovery<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 color-carbon-black\">An overview of this shuttle's flights.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-2 desktop:grid-col-1 display-flex flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/discovery-final.pdf?emrc=a77277\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"flights-challenger\">\n                            <svg class=\"hds-featured-link-list-button margin-left-auto margin-right-0\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\">\n                                <circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 bg-spacesuit-white color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-news-automated\">\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"section-heading-md\">Shuttle News<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col display-flex flex-align-center desktop:flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/shuttle-news\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary link-external-false\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1 \" >\n\t\t\t\tSee All Shuttle News                \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col\"><div class=\"grid-row latest-news-items\"><div class=\"grid-col mobile:grid-col tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col latest-news-item latest-news-item-0 margin-bottom-2 -tablet:margin-bottom-0 desktop:margin-bottom-0 padding-right-0 tablet:padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/the-first-space-shuttle\/\" class=\"tablet:grid-col latest-news-item news-item tablet:padding-right-0\"><div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column flex-align-start flex-justify-start z-200\"><div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-auto\"><svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><span>Image Article<\/span><\/div><div class=\"display-block\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-1\">1 Min Read<\/div><p class=\"heading-22 color-spacesuit-white margin-0\"><span>The First Space Shuttle<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"785\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg 2445w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=245,300 245w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=768,942 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=835,1024 835w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=1252,1536 1252w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=1669,2048 1669w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=326,400 326w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=489,600 489w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=734,900 734w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=978,1200 978w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/8111969orig.jpg?resize=1630,2000 1630w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/a><\/div><div class=\"tablet:grid-col grid-row latest-news-items\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/45-years-ago-space-shuttle-columbia-arrives-at-nasas-kennedy-space-center\/\" class=\"tablet:grid-col latest-news-item news-item margin-bottom-2 tablet:margin-bottom-0 desktop:margin-bottom-0 tablet:padding-right-2 desktop:padding-right-2\"><div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column flex-align-start flex-justify-start z-200\"><div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-auto\"><svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><span>Article<\/span><\/div><div class=\"display-block\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-1\">6 Min Read<\/div><p class=\"heading-22 color-spacesuit-white margin-0\"><span>45 Years Ago: Space Shuttle Columbia Arrives at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg 3772w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=300,196 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=768,502 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=1024,670 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=1536,1005 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=2048,1339 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=400,262 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=600,392 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=900,589 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=1200,785 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/columbia-arrives-at-ksc-8-columbia-takeoff-from-eafb-mar-20-1979-s79-30472.jpg?resize=2000,1308 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/a><div class=\"grid-col news-item-stack\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/astronaut-bruce-mccandless-performs-the-first-untethered-spacewalk\/\" class=\"tablet:grid-col latest-news-item news-item tablet:margin-right-0 desktop:margin-right-0 margin-bottom-2 mobile:margin-bottom-2 tablet:margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-2\"><div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column flex-align-start flex-justify-start z-200\"><div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-auto\"><svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><span>Image Article<\/span><\/div><div class=\"display-block\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-1\">1 Min Read<\/div><p class=\"heading-22 color-spacesuit-white margin-0\"><span>Astronaut Bruce McCandless Performs the First Untethered Spacewalk<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg 5735w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/s84-27018orig.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/40-years-ago-sts-41b-the-first-flight-of-the-manned-maneuvering-unit\/\" class=\"tablet:grid-col latest-news-item news-item tablet:margin-right-0 desktop:margin-right-0 margin-bottom-2 mobile:margin-bottom-0 tablet:margin-bottom-0 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column flex-align-start flex-justify-start z-200\"><div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-auto\"><svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg><span>Article<\/span><\/div><div class=\"display-block\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-1\">14 Min Read<\/div><p class=\"heading-22 color-spacesuit-white margin-0\"><span>40 Years Ago: STS-41B, the First Flight of the Manned Maneuvering Unit<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?w=640\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg 3166w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=294,300 294w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=768,784 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=1002,1024 1002w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=1504,1536 1504w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=2005,2048 2005w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=392,400 392w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=587,600 587w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=881,900 881w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=1175,1200 1175w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sts-41b-1-crew-photo-s83-40555.jpg?resize=1958,2000 1958w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-row padding-top-2 desktop:padding-top-3\"><\/div><\/div>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-featured-story minh-tablet bg-carbon-black flex-column position-relative hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-featured-story\">\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-column padding-y-9 padding-x-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-widescreen margin-bottom-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-0 z-400\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center heading-12 text-uppercase z-400 color-spacesuit-white\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"margin-right-1\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 500 500\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 500 500;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"> <g> <path d=\"M490.4,19.2c-27.5,0-55,0-82.5,0c-43.4,0-86.7,0-130.1,0c-36.7,0-73.3,0-110,0c-43.4,0-86.7,0-130.1,0 c-8.6,0-17.1,0-25.7,0c-0.5,0-1.1,0-1.7,0c0,0.6-0.1,1-0.1,1.5c0,74.2,0,148.4,0,222.6c0,79,0,158,0,237c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6 c-0.1,0-0.3-0.1-0.3-0.1c0-0.4,0-0.8,0-1.2c0-153.6,0-307.1,0-460.7c159.7,0,319.3,0,479,0C489.5,18.9,489.9,19.1,490.4,19.2z\"><\/path> <g> <path d=\"M243.5,1.4C108,4.8-2.5,117.7,1.4,257.4C5.2,391.1,115.8,501,254.5,498.6c135.9-2.4,245.1-113.6,244.1-250.8 C497.2,108.9,382.9-2,243.5,1.4z M249.9,473.7c-122.8,0-222.5-99.1-223.6-221.6c-1.1-124.5,99-224.7,221.4-225.9 c124.3-1.2,224.9,98.6,226.1,221.5C474.9,373.1,373.5,473.9,249.9,473.7z\"><\/path> <path d=\"M384.2,205.3c-32.8,0.1-65.5,0.1-98.3,0.2c-3.1,0-3.9-0.6-4.8-3.6c-2.1-6.9-4.2-13.7-6.3-20.6 c-7.7-24.9-15.3-49.9-23-74.8c-0.5-1.8-1.1-3.5-1.8-5.5c-0.2,0.6-0.4,0.9-0.4,1.1c-10.2,33.1-20.3,66.3-30.5,99.4 c-1,3.3-1.7,3.9-5.3,3.9c-10.8,0-21.5,0-32.3-0.1c-14.2,0-28.4-0.1-42.6-0.1c-8.4,0-16.7,0-25.6,0c0.9,0.7,1.4,1.1,1.9,1.5 c26.6,20.3,53.3,40.5,79.9,60.8c2.2,1.7,2.6,2.9,1.8,5.5c-9.1,29.1-18.1,58.2-27.2,87.3c-1.4,4.5-2.8,9-4.2,13.7 c0.6-0.4,1-0.6,1.3-0.9c26.6-20.4,53.1-40.8,79.7-61.1c3.1-2.4,3.8-2.4,6.9,0c26.5,20.3,53,40.7,79.5,61c0.4,0.3,0.8,0.5,1.5,1 c-0.3-1-0.4-1.6-0.6-2.2c-10.2-32.7-20.4-65.5-30.5-98.2c-1.1-3.5-0.8-4.3,2.1-6.6c26.1-19.8,52.1-39.6,78.2-59.5 c0.9-0.7,1.8-1.4,3.1-2.4C385.5,205.3,384.8,205.3,384.2,205.3z\"><\/path> <\/g> <\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"label\">Featured Story<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container grid-container-widescreen width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-0 z-400\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"display-60 color-spacesuit-white-important\">Retired Space Shuttle Locations<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg color-spacesuit-white-important\">Shuttle Atlantis \u2013 Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex Shuttle Discovery \u2013 Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center Shuttle Endeavour \u2013 California Science…<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/kennedy\/retired-space-shuttle-locations\/\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"section-heading-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">Read the Story<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 z-400\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/KSC-81PC-0136\/KSC-81PC-0136~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1495&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" ><\/figure>\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-missions\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg 3840w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans In Space<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"368\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?w=368\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=263,400 263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/humans-to-mars\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans to Mars<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Like the Moon, Mars is a rich destination for scientific discovery and a driver of technologies that will enable humans…<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png 3840w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/mars-through-visor-illustration.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Astronauts Home<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg?w=320\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/edu_srch_microsofts_hacking_stem.jpg?resize=267,400 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This was the first mission dedicated to the Department of Defense. The U.S. Air Force Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) booster was deployed and met the mission objectives. STS-51C was originally planned for Challenger. However, problems with Challenger\u2019s thermal tiles forced a switch to Discovery.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":185,"featured_media":270715,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_mission_date":"1985-01-27T15:46:00","nasa_hds_core_meta_mission_badge":{"id":270716,"url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-69.png","contentType":"image","caption":"","credits":"","alt":""},"nasa_hds_core_meta_mission_facebook_url":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_mission_twitter_url":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_mission_instagram_url":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_mission_linkedin_url":""},"categories":[2725,9406],"mission-status":[10842],"mission-type":[10917,10879],"mission-target":[],"mission-programs":[10869],"internal-terms":[12368],"coauthors":[10484],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"STS-51C","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-51c\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-51c\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg"},"articleSection":"Missions","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Alivia R. Carruth"}],"creator":["Alivia R. Carruth"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Missions","Space Shuttle","STS-51C"],"dateCreated":"2023-03-29T19:48:25Z","datePublished":"2023-03-29T19:48:25Z","dateModified":"2023-07-20T22:00:15Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"STS-51C\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/sts-51c\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-03-29T19:48:25Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Missions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Missions,Space Shuttle,STS-51C\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Alivia R. Carruth\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":2,"featured_image":{"id":270715,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/word-image-1225.jpeg","title":"sts-51c-crew","alt":"","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission\/267813"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/mission"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/185"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission\/267813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":458452,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission\/267813\/revisions\/458452"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/270715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=267813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=267813"},{"taxonomy":"mission-status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission-status?post=267813"},{"taxonomy":"mission-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission-type?post=267813"},{"taxonomy":"mission-target","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission-target?post=267813"},{"taxonomy":"mission-programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mission-programs?post=267813"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=267813"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=267813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}