{"id":96044,"date":"2013-12-18T16:31:00","date_gmt":"2013-12-18T20:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-356847"},"modified":"2023-09-28T13:29:15","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T17:29:15","slug":"scans-impact","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/scans-impact\/","title":{"rendered":"SCaN\u2019s Impact"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\"><div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\"><p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">10 min read<\/p><h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">SCaN\u2019s Impact<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/history.nasa.gov\/spaceact-legishistory.pdf\">National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 <\/a>calls for NASA to \u201cprovide for the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its activities and the results thereof.\u201d Investments in the development of space and aeronautics technology contribute to the creation of new businesses, products, jobs, and industries here on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From enabling the transfer of ground-breaking images and data from space to the scientific community, to the dissemination of new communications technologies to the public, NASA\u2019s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) program, and its predecessors, has made a broad and lasting impact on society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1836\" height=\"1812\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?w=1836\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"GATR Technologies ground-based inflatable antenna rests on the ground.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 54% 61%; object-position: 54% 61%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg 1836w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=300,296 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=768,758 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=1024,1011 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=1536,1516 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=400,395 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=600,592 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=900,888 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?resize=1200,1184 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1836px) 100vw, 1836px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The GATR satellite communication system takes about 45 minutes to set up and 15 minutes to take down. It provides internet access, voice-over internet protocol, broadcast television, and other high-bandwidth communications.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/GATR Technologies<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Technology Spinoffs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From memory foam mattresses to GPS technology in our cars and cellphones, \u201cspinoff\u201d technologies are innovations used in everyday life that have come from technology developed by or for NASA in support of NASA\u2019s missions. SCaN\u2019s research and development of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/space-operations\/space-communications-and-navigation-scan-program\/engineering-and-technology\/\">communications and navigation technologies<\/a> has led to multiple spinoff communications technologies now used outside of NASA, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ground-Based Inflatable Antenna<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ground-Based Inflatable Antenna from GATR Technologies was originally developed as a solar concentrator for power generation as a technical requirement for SCaN. This technology was licensed exclusively and transferred to GATR Technologies to develop the inflatable antenna and which has been used to support communication efforts in the Haitian earthquake, Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Ike. This technology has since been featured at the annual <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/nasalife\/features\/sdoh.html\">NASA Spinoff Day on the Hill on May 20, 2010<\/a>; <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/Spinoff2010\/pdf\/Spinoff2010.pdf\">NASA\u2019s Spinoff 2010 publication<\/a>; and won a 2010 R&D 100 award.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Radio Frequency (RF) Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>XCOM Wireless Inc., designed lightweight, radio frequency (RF) micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) that are used to improve satellite communication systems. The RF MEMS have the potential to outperform semiconductor technologies at increased speeds and less power. This technology appeared in <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/Spinoff2009\/pdf\/spinoff2009.pdf\">NASA\u2019s 2009 Spinoff publication<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Multi-Mode Transceiver<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlighted in <a href=\"http:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/spinoff2003\/spin03.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u2019s 2003 Spinoff publication<\/a>, General Dynamics Decision Systems\u2019 Multi-Mode Transceiver brings the advantages of SCaN\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/tracking-and-data-relay-satellites\/\">Tracking and Data Relay Satellite<\/a> (TDRS) system to a variety of applications including: university satellite programs, small commercial Earth imaging programs, and Arctic and Antarctic science programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"NASA Spinoffs\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">NASA Spinoffs<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Global Positioning System (GPS)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As one of the world leading users of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/space-operations\/space-communications-and-navigation-scan-program\/gps-and-pnt-policy\/\">Global Positioning System<\/a> (GPS), NASA has many on-going research and development programs that have contributed to the system\u2019s improvement and refinement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Precision Global Position System Software System<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1985, NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jpl\/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/a> (JPL) began developing software to more accurately determine satellite orbits\u2014this led to the development of the <a href=\"https:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/Spinoff2010\/ct_7.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Precision Global Position System Software System<\/a>. The Precision GPS Software System uses special GPS algorithms and the internet to enable real-time positioning\u00a0anywhere in the world with unprecedented accuracy. The Precision GPS Software System allows scientists to measure and anticipate major global events such as El Ni\u00f1o, potentially diverting billions of dollars in damage and saving lives. The Federal Aviation Administration has since adopted this software into their GPS-based navigation systems, improving air travel safety. This technology was inducted into the Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Global Differential GPS<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>JPL\u2019s experience with the Precision GPS Software System led to the development of the Global Differential GPS (GDGPS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GDGPS has been used to provide high accuracy, real-time, on-board position for testing and calibration of NASA\u2019s airborne synthetic aperture radar <a href=\"https:\/\/airsar.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cAIR-SAR\u201d mission<\/a>. A DC-8 \u201cflying laboratory\u201d was used to test new radar systems for weather imaging in difficult areas. GDGPS enables an aircraft to fly multiple passes on a predetermined path with great precision. On the<a href=\"https:\/\/uavsar.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> UAV-SAR mission<\/a>, an unpiloted aerial vehicle equipped with the synthetic aperture radar can detect changes along the route and alert scientists studying earthquakes, volcanoes, and other phenomena in order to mitigate disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists have also been using this data to measure water and ice. This millimeter-level accuracy determines whether or not the ice caps are melting at a faster rate than in previous years or if the ocean buoy detects a sudden surge of water about to hit land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to tracking weather phenomena, GDGPS has also been used in the agricultural sector for more efficient farming. Farmers can use data to monitor which areas need to be reseeded or if herbicide needs to be sprayed in a certain section instead of the whole crop. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Farmers drive tractors in a large field.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 49% 90%; object-position: 49% 90%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png 2700w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/spinoff_comtech2.png?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The first major commercial customer for JPL\u2019s Global Differential GPS system was John Deere, which worked closely with JPL scientists to make the system practical for self-driving farm equipment, a technology that would eventually make efficient precision agriculture commonplace around the world.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">iStock.com<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Missions<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GPS continues to help lead the way in space-based navigation. GPS has supported and continues to support several missions, including the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/shuttle\/main\/index.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Space Shuttle Program<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/\">International Space Station<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov\/missions\/topex-poseidon\/summary\/\">TOPEX\/Poseidon<\/a> was launched in 1992 to monitor global ocean circulation, improve global climate predications, and track El Ni\u00f1o. JPL developed a <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/software.nasa.gov\/software\/NPO-19636-1\">GPS Inferred Positioning Systems and Orbit Analysis Simulation Software (GIPSY-OASIS)<\/a> to pinpoint the spacecraft\u2019s location within two centimeters. It was the first time GPS was used to track a spacecraft. The software has since been licensed to commercial entities such as DigitalGlobe. The technology has been featured in the NASA Spinoff publication in <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/spinoff1999\/spin99.pdf\">1999<\/a> and <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/Spinoff2010\/pdf\/Spinoff2010.pdf\">2010<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Launched in 2004, the<a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/gpb\/\"> Gravity Probe-B<\/a> (GP-B) mission wanted to test Einstein\u2019s theory of relativity. Precise instruments were needed to check the four gyroscopes onboard a satellite orbiting above the Earth\u2019s poles, so researchers at Stanford University designed a high-precision GPS called Carrier-Phase Differential GPS to provide the precision data needed. The researchers realized that controlling the spacecraft was not much different than flying a plane. The technology proved to be successful and was applied to automated agriculture and construction equipment. This story appeared in <a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/spinoff.nasa.gov\/Spinoff2006\/PDF\/accessible.pdf\">NASA\u2019s Spinoff publication in 2006<\/a> and NASA\u2019s Small Business Innovation Research \/ Small Business Technology Transfer Hallmarks of Success Videos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GPS has also helped support international missions. GPS supported the rendezvous of the European Space Agency\u2019s Jules Verne spacecraft in 2008 and a similar vehicle from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/space-operations\/space-communications-and-navigation-scan-program\/gps-and-pnt-policy\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"SCaN GPS Policy\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">SCaN GPS Policy<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"985\" height=\"657\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg?w=985\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking. NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel and Ricky Arnold and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev executed a fly around of the orbiting laboratory to take pictures of the station before returning home after spending 197 days in space. The station will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first element Zarya in November 2018.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 55% 10%; object-position: 55% 10%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg 985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss056e201248.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Roscosmos<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Small Business Innovation Research<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/sbir\/\">Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program<\/a> is a three-phase award system which provides qualified small businesses with opportunities to propose innovative ideas for NASA. It issues annual program solicitations that set forth a substantial number of research and development topics and subtopic areas consistent with NASA needs or missions. SCaN program involvement with the SBIR program has been ongoing since 2005, resulting in a <a href=\"https:\/\/sbir.gsfc.nasa.gov\/solicitations\" rel=\"noopener\">SCaN SBIR Technology Portfolio<\/a> currently consisting of 88 Phase I and 49 Phase II awards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To minimize technology duplication and maximize portfolio content, SCaN examines its SBIR Technology Portfolio once a year. With a minimal expenditure of resources and a yearly SBIR Technology Portfolio analysis, SCaN is able to target technology development in high-need areas and adapt to a changing technology landscape in a reasonable timeframe. The SBIR Program provides SCaN a mechanism to develop and assess new technologies targeted towards identified needs which can then be accounted for during annual technology planning sessions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/sbir\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Spectrum<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today\u2019s spacecraft are increasingly more powerful, complex, and capable of acquiring growing amounts of mission data.\u00a0As spacecraft have become more\u00a0complex and sophisticated, two key requirements have not changed: the need to communicate with Earth and to navigate in space. A failure of space communications and navigation systems on the spacecraft or on Earth could result in the complete loss of a mission.\u00a0NASA\u2019s missions require extensive access to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/spectrum-overview\/\">radio frequency spectrum<\/a> to support a mission\u2019s communications and navigations requirements. NASA\u2019s use of spectrum has\u00a0evolved and grown over the decades to include a wide array of programs and applications, and\u00a0nearly every NASA mission requires assured access to the radio spectrum. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/space-operations\/space-communications-and-navigation-scan-program\/spectrum\/\">Spectrum Management Division<\/a> within SCaN manages NASA\u2019s spectrum needs and provides spectrum advocacy on behalf of NASA at the national and international levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/space-operations\/space-communications-and-navigation-scan-program\/spectrum\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Spectrum Overview\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Spectrum Overview<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<ul><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?w=1920\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Deep Space Station 43, a massive white antenna, points to a clear, bright blue sky. Mountains stretch across the horizon in the background.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 53% 32%; object-position: 53% 32%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dss43-6_fs.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Deep Space Network, Deep Space Station 43 (DSS-43), a 230-foot (70-meter) antenna at the Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex near Canberra, Australia.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Earth Science<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Earth Science research at NASA has turned space-based observing technology and scientific expertise to the study of our home planet. Earth is an integrated system of land, ocean, atmosphere, ice, and biological processes\u2014from the vantage point of space, we are beginning to understand how these processes work and how they interact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to support the intermediate and long-term goals of understanding Earth, NASA has developed numerous radio sensors designed to fly onboard spacecraft. These sensors may be<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/remote-sensing\/\"> passive or active<\/a> in operation, allowing global \u201cpictures\u201d to be taken of Earth on a daily basis in a wide range of frequencies. Passive sensors emit no energy\u2014instead,\u00a0they measure the natural emissions of Earth\u2019s various features and its atmosphere at specific frequencies in order to provide a description of the planet\u2019s\u00a0environment. Active sensors are space-borne radars that provide information on the geological structure of Earth and the state of and movement of Earth\u2019s oceans. Data collected by these sensors is transmitted by radio links to facilities on Earth, either directly or through relay satellites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Space Science<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA\u2019s Space Science missions are intended to examine the mysteries of the universe from origins to destiny; to explore the solar system; to discover planets around other stars; to search for life beyond Earth; and to chart the evolution of the universe and understand its galaxies, stars, planets, and life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Space science missions require highly reliable communications, often over long periods of time and great distances. The large distances involved in deep-space research result in a need for high power transmitters and very sensitive receivers at Earth stations that communicate with the spacecraft, factors which must be taken into account in spectrum planning efforts. Because many deep space missions continue for periods of several years, and because there are usually several missions in progress at the same time, there is a corresponding need for communication with several spacecraft at any given time. Coverage of simultaneous missions requires nearly continuous usage of radio frequency bands allocated for space research communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1979\" height=\"1962\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?w=1979\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg 1979w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=300,297 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=768,761 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=1024,1015 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=1536,1523 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=400,397 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=600,595 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=900,892 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/hubble_30dor_potw2305a_main.jpg?resize=1200,1190 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1979px) 100vw, 1979px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The Tarantula Nebula is a large star-forming region of ionised hydrogen gas that lies 161,000 light years from Earth in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and its turbulent clouds of gas and dust can be seen swirling between the region\u2019s bright, newly-formed stars. <\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">ESA\/Hubble & NASA, C. Murray, E. Sabbi; Acknowledgment: Y. -H. Chu<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Human Space Exploration<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA seeks to open the space frontier through exploration with the goal of enabling the development of space and expanding the human experience into the far reaches of the solar system. In exploring space, NASA has brought together a wide range of technologies, machines, and people in the development of programs such as the International Space Station; these programs require extremely complex radio systems, which are critical to their operation and currently include frequencies between 100 MHz and 30 GHz.<br><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Image of an astronaut in space\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 59%; object-position: 51% 59%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg 5568w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/iss063e052397_orig.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronaut and Expedition 63 Commander Chris Cassidy took this “space-selfie” during his fourth spacewalk this year at the International Space Station.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Chris Cassidy<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Aeronautics and Space Technology Development<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA requires access to the radio spectrum in order to conduct test and development phases of new technology endeavors in aeronautics and space transportation. In many cases, new technological design test-rigs and\/or prototypes undergo their various test and validation phases using conventional spectrum allocations for mobile or point-to-point operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For links between in-flight aerospace vehicles and ground systems, NASA requires access to aeronautical telemetry frequency allocations. Currently the radio frequency spectrum is used to provide real-time data information from test vehicles to the ground, real-time video of cockpit or project information, and real-time command and control of the vehicle, including flight termination. Telemetry is used for the real-time monitoring of flight research\/test parameters that are necessary in order to minimize the risk to the pilot and aircraft during the performance of maneuvers intended to push the flight envelope of flight test vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/nasa-spectrum-usage\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"NASA's Use of Spectrum\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">NASA's Use of Spectrum<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&text=SCaN%E2%80%99s%20Impact&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fscans-impact%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fscans-impact%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fscans-impact%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Sep 28, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-directorates\/space-operations\/space-communications-and-navigation-scan-program\/\">Space Communications & Navigation Program<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/nasas-laser-relay-system-sends-pet-imagery-to-from-space-station\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png 3840w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/pet-article-image-1-1.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA’s Laser Relay System Sends Pet Imagery to, from Space Station<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 week ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/psyche-mission\/nasas-optical-comms-demo-transmits-data-over-140-million-miles\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg 1723w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=600,337 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-pia25664-psyche-dsoc.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">6 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s Optical Comms Demo Transmits Data Over 140 Million Miles<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 months ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/technology\/space-comms\/nasas-near-space-network-enables-pace-climate-mission-to-phone-home\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/pacegraphic-newimages.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s Near Space Network Enables PACE Climate Mission to \u2018Phone Home\u2019<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 months ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-1.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans in Space<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-2.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-3.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/topic-cards\/topic-card-sample-4.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/media\/media-example-01.jpg\" ><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This landscape of \u201cmountains\u201d and \u201cvalleys\u201d speckled with glittering stars is actually the edge of a nearby, young, star-forming region called NGC 3324 in the Carina Nebula. Captured in infrared light by NASA\u2019s new James Webb Space Telescope, this image reveals for the first time previously invisible areas of star birth.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 calls for NASA to \u201cprovide for the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its activities and the results thereof.\u201d Investments in the development of space and aeronautics technology contribute to the creation of new businesses, products, jobs, and industries here on Earth. From enabling the transfer of ground-breaking [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":119500,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3315],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[12219],"coauthors":[8383,11359],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"SCaN\u2019s Impact","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/scans-impact\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/scans-impact\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/gatr.jpg"},"articleSection":"NASA Directorates","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Heather Monaghan"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Catherine G. 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It provides internet access, voice-over internet protocol, broadcast television, and other high-bandwidth communications."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96044"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96044"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":530446,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96044\/revisions\/530446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96044"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=96044"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=96044"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=96044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}