{"id":262977,"date":"2019-02-06T19:42:57","date_gmt":"2019-02-07T00:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-439239"},"modified":"2024-03-27T09:00:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T13:00:28","slug":"systems-engineering-handbook","status":"publish","type":"reference","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/systems-engineering-handbook\/","title":{"rendered":"Systems Engineering Handbook"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"hds-secondary-nav-track\"><span>Systems Engineering Handbook<\/span><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><\/button><div class=\"hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 \"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\"><nav><ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\"><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item usa-current\"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/systems-engineering-handbook\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/1-0-introduction\/\">1.0 Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/2-0-fundamentals-of-systems-engineering\/\">2.0 Fundamentals of Systems...<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>More<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 400 400\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 400\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z\" \/><\/svg><svg class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"7.5\" fill=\"#0B3D91\" stroke=\"white\"\/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.6001\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" fill=\"white\"\/><rect class=\"hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical\" x=\"7.59998\" y=\"12\" width=\"8\" height=\"0.8\" transform=\"rotate(-90 7.59998 12)\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg><\/button><ul id=\"basic-nav-section-one\" class=\"usa-nav__submenu\" hidden><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/3-0-nasa-program-project-life-cycle\/\">3.0 NASA Program\/Project Life...<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/4-0-system-design-processes\/\">4.0 System Design Processes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/5-0-product-realization\/\">5.0 Product Realization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/6-0-crosscutting-technical-management\/\">6.0 Crosscutting Technical Management<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/system-engineering-handbook-appendix\/\">Appendix<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/nasa_systems_engineering_handbook_0.pdf?emrc=4096b9\">PDF Version 508 Compliant<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-encyclopedia-intro-banner bg-carbon-05 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedia-intro-banner\">\t<div class=\"padding-y-0 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-y-0 desktop:padding-x-5\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-5 padding-y-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"display-48 font-weight-extrabold margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSystems Engineering Handbook\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label-inter color-carbon-60 margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" viewBox=\"0 0 600 600\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M293 .1C131.3 3.5-.5 136.4.1 300.1c-.7 162.7 132 301.1 302.2 299.9 165.8-1.1 299.2-136.6 297.6-303.2C598.3 132.5 462.9-3.5 293 .1zm8.9 570.6C151.5 571.8 30.6 451.1 29.2 302.4c-1.4-149.6 119.7-273.2 270.9-273 144.2-.2 266.7 114.2 270.4 263.7 3.8 153.2-117.9 276.5-268.6 277.6z\"\/><path d=\"M444.1 450.4c-67.3.1-134.5.1-201.8.1-15.9 0-31.8.1-47.7-.1-7-.1-12.6-4.5-14.4-11-1.9-6.6.4-13.4 6.9-16.6 3.8-1.9 8.5-2.7 12.7-2.8 81.6-.2 163.2-.1 244.7 0 3.9 0 5.6-.6 5.5-5.1-.1-96.5-.1-193.1 0-289.6 0-4.4-1.5-5.3-5.5-5.3-15.7.2-31.5.1-47.2.1-6.8 0-6.8 0-6.8 6.6v167.5c0 1.8-.2 3.5-.3 5.3-.5.2-1.1.5-1.6.7-14.6-14.7-29.2-29.4-45.1-45.4l-44.1 44.1V120.7c-1.7-.2-3-.5-4.2-.5-28.5 0-56.9-.4-85.4.1-34.3.6-59.6 26-59.7 60.1-.3 85.1-.1 170.2-.1 255.3 0 8.3 2.2 16 6.7 23 9.2 14.5 22.7 21.3 39.7 21.4 35.3.1 70.6 0 105.9 0 47.5 0 95.1 0 142.6.1 3.6 0 5.1-.8 4.9-4.8-.3-6.3-.4-12.7 0-19.1.5-4.8-1.2-5.9-5.7-5.9z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Encyclopedia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label-inter color-carbon-60\">Updated Feb 6, 2019<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-5 desktop:padding-left-5 padding-top-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/nasa-blocks\/assets\/images\/encyclopedia-intro-banner\/encyclopedia-intro-banner-example-01.jpg\" ><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/1-0-introduction\/\"><strong>1.0 Introduction<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/2-0-fundamentals-of-systems-engineering\/\" data-type=\"reference\" data-id=\"262921\"><strong>2.0 Fundamentals of Systems Engineering<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/3-0-nasa-program-project-life-cycle\/\" data-type=\"reference\" data-id=\"262933\"><strong>3.0 NASA Program\/Project Life Cycle<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/4-0-system-design-processes\/\" data-type=\"reference\" data-id=\"262938\"><strong>4.0 System Design Processes<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/3-0-nasa-program-project-life-cycle\/\" data-type=\"reference\" data-id=\"262933\"><strong>3.0 NASA Program\/Project Life Cycle<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/5-0-product-realization\/\" data-type=\"reference\" data-id=\"262944\"><strong>5.0 Product Realization<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/6-0-crosscutting-technical-management\/\" data-type=\"reference\" data-id=\"262953\"><strong>6.0 Crosscutting Technical Management<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/references-sited\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"262978\"><strong>References Cited<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/bibliography\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"262976\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:61px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the initial writing of NASA\/SP-6105 in 1995 and the following revision (Rev 1) in 2007, systems engineering as a discipline at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has undergone rapid and continued evolution. Changes include using Model-Based Systems Engineering to improve development and delivery of products, and accommodating updates to NASA Procedural Requirements (NPR) 7123.1. Lessons learned on systems engineering were documented in reports such as those by the NASA Integrated Action Team (NIAT), the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB), and the follow-on Diaz Report. Other lessons learned were garnered from the robotic missions such as Genesis and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter as well as from mishaps from ground operations and the commercial space flight industry. Out of these reports came the NASA Office of the Chief Engineer (OCE) initiative to improve the overall Agency systems engineering infrastructure and capability for the efficient and effective engineering of NASA systems, to produce quality products, and to achieve mission success. This handbook update is a part of that OCE-sponsored Agency-wide systems engineering initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgments<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The following individuals are recognized as contributing practitioners to the content of this expanded guidance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Alexander, Michael,<\/strong> NASA\/Langley Research Center<br><strong>Allen, Martha,<\/strong> NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Baumann, Ethan, <\/strong>NASA\/Armstrong Flight Research Center<br><strong>Bixby, CJ,<\/strong> NASA\/Armstrong Flight Research Center<br><strong>Boland, Brian, <\/strong>NASA\/Langley Research Center<br><strong>Brady, Timothy,<\/strong> NASA\/NASA Engineering and Safety Center<br><strong>Bromley, Linda,<\/strong> NASA\/Headquarters\/Bromley SE Consulting<br><strong>Brown, Mark,<\/strong> NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>Brumfield, Mark,<\/strong> NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center<br><strong>Campbell, Paul,<\/strong> NASA\/Johnson Space Center<br><strong>Carek, David,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Cox, Renee,<\/strong> NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Crable, Vicki,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Crocker, Alan,<\/strong> NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>DeLoof, Richard,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Demo, Andrew,<\/strong> Ames Research Center<br><strong>Dezfuli, Homayoon,<\/strong> NASA\/HQ<br><strong>Diehl, Roger,<\/strong> NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>DiPietro, David, <\/strong>NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center<br><strong>Doehne, Thomas,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Duarte, Alberto,<\/strong> NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Durham, David,<\/strong> NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>Epps, Amy,<\/strong> NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Fashimpaur, Karen,<\/strong> Vantage Partners<br><strong>Feikema, Douglas,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Fitts, David, <\/strong>NASA\/Johnson Space Flight Center<br><strong>Foster, Michele,<\/strong> NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Fuller, David,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Gati, Frank,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Gefert, Leon, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Ghassemieh, Shakib, <\/strong>NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>Grantier, Julie,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Hack, Kurt, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Hall, Kelly<\/strong>, NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Hamaker, Franci,<\/strong> NASA\/Kennedy Space Center<br><strong>Hange, Craig,<\/strong> NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>Henry, Thad,<\/strong> NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Hill, Nancy<\/strong>, NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Hirshorn, Steven,<\/strong> NASA\/Headquarters<br><strong>Holladay, Jon, <\/strong>NASA\/NASA Engineering and Safety Center<br><strong>Hyatt, Mark,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Killebrew, Jana, <\/strong>NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>Jannette, Tony,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Jenks, Kenneth, <\/strong>NASA\/Johnson Space Center<br><strong>Jones, Melissa, <\/strong>NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>Jones, Ross,<\/strong> NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>Killebrew, Jana,<\/strong> NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>Leitner, Jesse,<\/strong> NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center<br><strong>Lin, Chi, <\/strong>NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>Mascia, Anne Marie,<\/strong> Graphic Artist<br><strong>McKay, Terri,<\/strong> NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>McNelis, Nancy, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Mendoza, Donald, <\/strong>NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>Miller, Scott, <\/strong>NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>Montgomery, Patty, <\/strong>NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Mosier, Gary,<\/strong> NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center<br><strong>Noble, Lee,<\/strong> NASA\/Langley Research Center<br><strong>Oleson, Steven,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Parrott, Edith, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Powell, Christine,<\/strong> NASA\/Stennis Space Center<br><strong>Powell, Joseph,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Price, James,<\/strong> NASA\/Langley Research Center<br><strong>Rawlin, Adam,<\/strong> NASA\/Johnson Space Center<br><strong>Rochlis-Zumbado, <\/strong>Jennifer, NASA\/Johnson Space Center<br><strong>Rohn, Dennis, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Rosenbaum, Nancy, <\/strong>NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center<br><strong>Ryan, Victoria, <\/strong>NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>Sadler, Gerald,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Salazar, George, <\/strong>NASA\/Johnson Space Center<br><strong>Sanchez, Hugo, <\/strong>NASA\/Ames Research Center<br><strong>Schuyler, Joseph,<\/strong> NASA\/Stennis Space Center<br><strong>Sheehe, Charles, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Shepherd, Christena, <\/strong>NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Shull, Thomas, <\/strong>NASA\/Langley Research Center<br><strong>Shea, Garrett, <\/strong>Web Designer<br><strong>Singer, Bart,<\/strong> NASA\/Langley Research Center<br><strong>Slywczak, Richard,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Smith, Scott, <\/strong>NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center<br><strong>Smith, Joseph, <\/strong>NASA\/Headquarters<br><strong>Sprague, George,<\/strong> NASA\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory<br><strong>Trase, Kathryn,<\/strong> NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Trenkle, Timothy, <\/strong>NASA\/Goddard Space Flight Center<br><strong>Vipavetz, Kevin, <\/strong>NASA\/Langley Research Center<br><strong>Voss, Linda, <\/strong>Dell Services<br><strong>Walters, James Britton,<\/strong> NASA\/Johnson Space Center<br><strong>Watson, Michael, <\/strong>NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Weiland, Karen, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Wiedeman, Grace,<\/strong> Dell Services<br><strong>Wiedenmannott, Ulrich, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Witt, Elton, <\/strong>NASA\/Johnson Space Center<br><strong>Woytach, Jeffrey, <\/strong>NASA\/Glenn Research Center<br><strong>Wright, Michael, <\/strong>NASA\/Marshall Space Flight Center<br><strong>Yu, Henry,<\/strong> NASA\/Kennedy Space Center<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:56px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.0 Introduction 2.0 Fundamentals of Systems Engineering 3.0 NASA Program\/Project Life Cycle 4.0 System Design Processes3.0 NASA Program\/Project Life Cycle 5.0 Product Realization 6.0 Crosscutting Technical Management References Cited Bibliography Since the initial writing of NASA\/SP-6105 in 1995 and the following revision (Rev 1) in 2007, systems engineering as a discipline at the National Aeronautics [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[9510],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Systems Engineering 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