# 2009 Minerals Yearbook

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 

# SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION [ADVANCE RELEASE]

July 2011SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.1 

# SAND AND

# GRAVEL

# , CONSTRUCTION By Wallace P. Bolen

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Hodan A. Fatah, Martha L. Jackson, and Forest H. Morgan, statistical assistants.

A total of 836 million metric tons (Mt) of construction sand and gravel was produced in the United States in 2009. This was a decrease of 221 Mt, or 21%, from the revised production of 2008. This was the third consecutive decrease in annual production and refl ected continuing low demand from most building and highway construction markets. The last time there were three consecutive years of decreasing sand and gravel production was in 1981 through 1983. The 836 Mt was the lowest production since 1992 when 834 Mt was produced.

Construction sand and gravel is a traditional basic building material and is one of the earliest materials used by humanity for dwellings and later for outdoor areas such as paths, roadways, and other constructs. Sand and gravel is very accessible and is widely used throughout the United States and the world. As sand and gravel became less available owing to resource restraint or economic conditions in some locales, builders began to crush bedrock to produce a manufactured sand and gravel often referred to as crushed stone. Sand and gravel and crushed stone combined are defi ned as construction aggregate. The crushed stone industry is reviewed in a separate chapter of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Yearbook; both of these mineral commodities are usually included in reviews of national, State, or local aggregates industries. All percentages in this report were computed using unrounded data.

The decrease in sand and gravel consumption in 2009 was a

refl ection of the decrease in the total construction put in place as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total construction declined by about 15% in 2009 compared with that in 2008. Both residential and nonresidential construction declined in 2009, 29% and 8%, respectively. Only 6 of 16 nonresidential categories of construction increased in 2009: power (10.3%), manufacturing (9.9%), transportation (8.4%), public safety (7.8%), conservation and development (7.5%), and highway and street (0.8%) (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011).

Each year, hundreds of sand and gravel operations are idled, closed, or abandoned, and hundreds more are reactivated or opened. The changing location of construction and highway projects is the major factor in decisions to open, idle, or close operations.

In the United States in 2009, 6,437 construction sand and gravel operations were active (table 6A), 855 operations were reported as idle, and 320 operations either were reported to be closed or were assumed to be permanently shut down. Of the 6,437 active operations, 63 were classifi ed as sales or distribution yards only; a sales yard is defi ned as a fi xed location that receives sand and gravel from a distant source and sells it at the yard. In addition, 61 operations reported that they were either an open pit or a dredge combined with a sales yard that supplemented local production with material from a remote location. A small number of the idle sand and gravel operations reported recycling of asphalt and portland cement concrete but no sand and gravel mining. The 6,437 operations with 7,806 active sand and gravel pits were owned by 3,956 companies or government agencies operating in all 50 States. A review of the data provided by the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) revealed 687 previously unaccounted for sand and gravel locations that reported at least 500 employee hours of activity during 2009. Prior to this report, only operations with at least 2,000 employee hours were added to this survey. For 2009, however, operations with as little as 500 hours were added in order to more accurately account for the many smaller operators that consistently produce but were sometimes overlooked in previous surveys. Information was gathered from these newly recognized operations and included in this report. In 2009, of the 6,437 active operations surveyed, 3,049, or 47%, responded to the USGS canvass. Their total production represented 50% of the 836 Mt produced in 2009. Estimates for operations that did not report were based on prior year estimates and MSHA employee hour reports.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009 exports increased by 12% to 439,000 metric tons (t), and the value increased by 3% to $23 million compared with the 2008 data (tables 1, 12). Imports of construction sand and gravel decreased sharply after rising by 23% in 2008 compared with those in 2007. In 2009, imports decreased by 45% to about 3 Mt, and the value decreased by 42% to $66 million (tables 1, 13). Imports have become a signifi cant source for sand and gravel in some areas of the country, although imports were down about 58% since 2005. Domestic apparent consumption of construction sand and gravel, which is defi ned as production for consumption (sold or used) plus total imports minus total exports, was 839 Mt.

Production

Of the four major geographic regions, the West again led the Nation in the production of construction sand and gravel in 2009 with 309 Mt, or 37% of the U.S. total (table 2). The West was followed by the Midwest with 234 Mt, or 28%; the South with 199 Mt, or 24%; and the Northeast with 94 Mt, or 11%. Compared with that of 2008, production decreased in all four regions in 2009.

Of the nine geographic divisions, the Mountain division led the Nation in the production of construction sand and gravel in 2009 with 179 Mt, or 21% of the U.S. total, and was followed by the East North Central with 132 Mt, or 16%, and the Pacifi c with 130 Mt, or 15% (table 2). Production decreased in all nine divisions compared with that of 2008 ranging from a 34% decline in the South Atlantic division to 9% in the West North Central division.64.2 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 

### In 2009, construction sand and gravel was produced in every State (table 3). The leading States were, in descending order of tonnage, California, Texas, Arizona, Michigan, Utah, New York, Minnesota, Washington, Colorado, and Wisconsin. The combined production of these 10 States represented about 49% of the national total. Production increased in three States— Arkansas, New Mexico, and North Dakota, and decreased in the other 47 States compared with that of 2008. Production decreases of greater than 30% were reported in seven States— Florida (45%), Arizona (40%), South Carolina (39%), Alaska (36%), Maryland (34%), Idaho (31%), and Hawaii (31%).

A review of the production of construction sand and gravel for consumption by size of operation indicates that about 50% of the total production came from 2,121 operations that reported between 100,000 and 499,999 metric tons per year (t/yr); 22% of the construction sand and gravel produced came from 295 operations that reported between 500,000 and 999,999 t/yr; and 14% came from 75 operations that reported 1 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) production or more. The largest number of operations (3,946, or 61% of total operations) produced less than 100,000 t/yr (15% of the total production) (table 6A).

In 2009, the leading domestic commercial producers of construction sand and gravel were, in descending order of production, Oldcastle Materials, Inc.; CEMEX S.A.B. de C.V.; Vulcan Materials Co.; Lehigh Hanson, Inc.; MDU Resources Group, Inc./Knife River Corp.; Holcim Group/Aggregate Industries Management, Inc.; Mitsubishi Materials Corp.; Lafarge North America, Inc.; Martin Marietta Aggregates; and Fisher Industries, Inc. The combined production of these 10 companies was about 165 Mt, or about 20% of the national total. The top 100 producers of construction sand and gravel in the United States in 2009 are listed in table 14.

Some information about the production of construction sand and gravel in foreign countries can be found in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area reports—International. For nonreporting countries, estimates of sand and gravel and crushed stone production can be based on indirect indicators, such as the levels of asphalt and cement consumption.
Consumption

Production of construction sand and gravel reported to the USGS by producers was material that was sold or used by the companies. Stockpiled production is not reported until it is sold or consumed by the producer. Because no consumption surveys are conducted by the USGS for sand and gravel, the sold or used tonnage is assumed to represent the amount produced for domestic consumption and export. Because some of the construction sand and gravel producers did not report a breakdown by end use, their total production was reported under “Unspecifi ed uses, reported.” The estimated production of nonrespondents was reported under “Unspecifi ed uses, estimated.”

Of the 836 Mt of construction sand and gravel produced in 2009, 63% was for unspecifi ed uses (tables 4–5). Of the remaining 310 Mt, 41% was used as concrete aggregate; 25% was used for road base and coverings and road stabilization; 13%, for construction fi ll; 12%, for asphaltic concrete aggregate and other bituminous mixtures; 4%, for plaster and gunite sands; and the remaining 5% was used for concrete products, such as blocks, bricks, and pipes; golf course maintenance; fi ltration; railroad ballast; roofi ng granules; snow and ice control; and many other miscellaneous uses.

To provide a more accurate estimate of the consumption patterns for construction sand and gravel, the unspecifi ed uses are not included in the above percentages. In any marketing or use-pattern analysis, the total quantities included in “Unspecifi ed uses” may be distributed among the reported use categories by applying the above percentages.

Additional information regarding production or consumption of construction sand and gravel by major uses in each State and State district can be found in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume II, Area reports—Domestic.
Recycling

Beginning with the 2008 survey, the USGS began collecting recycling statistics from construction and demolition companies. Although not all of the companies surveyed responded to the request for information on concrete and asphalt recycling, many did. These data have been combined with recycling data received from aggregate mining companies, both crushed stone and sand and gravel producers. Recycling in this industry generally refers to the crushing, screening, and reuse of asphalt and cement concretes. Aggregates, construction, and demolition companies and related asphalt and ready-mix companies are often involved in construction projects during which they collect and reuse the materials at the site. Sometimes construction companies haul their materials to a recycling location where the asphalt or concrete is processed for reuse. The USGS welcomes additional information on recycling and encourages all construction materials recycling companies to provide statistics on their activities. Companies involved in recycling may contact the author of this report to receive more information on how to report.

Recycled Asphalt. —In 2009, 16 Mt of asphalt concrete valued at $170 million was recycled by aggregate, construction, and demolition companies in 49 States and Puerto Rico (table 10). The leading States, all with more than 600,000 tons of recycled asphalt, were, in descending order of tonnage recycled, California, Illinois, Kansas, Pennsylvania, Florida, North Carolina, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Texas, and Michigan.

Recycled Concrete. —In 2009, about 13 Mt of cement concrete valued at $103 million was recycled in 49 States (table 11). The leading States, all with more than 500,000 tons of recycled concrete, were, in descending order of tonnage recycled, California, Illinois, Michigan, Texas, Minnesota, Colorado, Virginia, New Jersey, Kentucky, and Florida. Information regarding the method of transportation of construction sand and gravel from the pit or processing plant to the fi rst point of sale or use is available for each geographic division and the total United States.
Transportation

Reports regarding the method of transportation were provided by the producers for 227 Mt, or 27% of the total U.S. productionSAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.3 

### of construction sand and gravel in 2009. Of this total, 81% was transported by truck; 3%, by waterway; and less than 1%, by rail (table 7). A signifi cant amount of construction sand and gravel produced (about 15%) was not transported and was used at or near the production site, probably for asphalt or cement concrete production. Because most producers neither keep records of nor report shipping distances or cost per metric ton per mile, transportation cost data are not available.

Prices

Prices in this chapter are free on board (f.o.b.) plant, usually the fi rst point of sale or captive use. This value does not include transportation from the plant or yard to the consumer. It does include all costs of mining, processing, in-plant transportation, overhead, and profi t. The 2009 average unit price increased slightly to $7.57 per metric ton compared with that of 2008. By use, the unit prices varied from a high of $20.39 per metric ton for roofi ng granules to a low of $4.65 per metric ton for fi ll (table 4). The largest increases in unit price were recorded for concrete products (17.6%), road stabilization, lime (13.8%), and road stabilization, cement, (10.6%). The largest decreases were for fi ltration (28.5%), railroad ballast (18.1%), and plaster and gunite sands (11.3%).

The States having the highest unit price per metric ton were, in descending order, Rhode Island ($12.79), Hawaii ($12.70), Maryland ($12.43), Delaware ($11.80), California ($11.52), Virginia ($11.38), Connecticut ($10.70), and New Jersey ($10.49). The States having the lowest unit price per metric ton were, in ascending order, North Dakota ($3.28), South Dakota ($3.59), Wisconsin ($4.92), Kansas ($5.04), and Michigan ($5.09). The unit value decreased in 18 States and increased in the other 32 States (table 3). The States having the largest increases in unit value were, in descending order, Delaware (46%), New Hampshire (28%), Ohio (23%), Vermont (21%), Maryland (19%), Nevada (17%), and South Carolina (16%). The States having the largest decreases in unit value were, in descending order, Hawaii (30%), Indiana (11%), Oklahoma (9%), Wyoming (9%), and New Mexico (8%).
Foreign Trade

The widespread distribution of domestic sand and gravel deposits and the high cost of transportation limit foreign trade to mostly local transactions across international boundaries. U.S. imports and exports represented less than 1% of domestic consumption.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, exports of construction sand decreased by about 19% to 79,000 t compared with that of 2008, but the value increased by about 6% to $19 million (table 12). Canada, which was the leading destination, received about 25% of the total sand, followed by the Middle East (24%), The Bahamas (9%), and Mexico (3%). Exports of construction gravel increased by 22% to 360,000 t compared with those of 2008, but the value decreased by about 7% to $4.1 million. Canada, which was the leading destination, received about 91% of the total gravel. The average value of the sand and gravel exports in 2009 was $53 per metric ton; this was down from $57 per metric ton in 2008. These values may have been relatively high because some higher grade sand and gravel, such as industrial sand and gravel, was being misclassifi ed as construction sand and gravel.

In 2009, imports of construction sand and gravel decreased by about 45% to 2.98 Mt, and the value decreased by about 42% to $66.1 million (table 13). Canada was the leading source of imported construction sand and gravel, with 85% of the total. Mexico supplied about 8% of the imports, and The Bahamas supplied about 3%. The average unit value of the sand and gravel imports in 2009 was $22.14 per metric ton, up from $20.93 per metric ton in 2008.

Outlook

Consumption of construction sand and gravel in 2010 was expected to be about equal to that of 2009. Continuing weak demand from most construction segments and reduced revenues to and funding for governmental agencies and programs were expected to result in little or no growth in sand and gravel consumption in 2010. Data from the 2010 USGS quarterly survey of U.S. aggregates producers indicate about a 2% decrease in sales of sand and gravel compared with those of the 2009, based on a limited sample of sand and gravel producers surveyed in the United States. However, the same report indicated improving production and consumption of construction sand and gravel in the later months of 2010.

Mostly owing to weakened demand, growth in construction sand and gravel prices slowed in 2009, and a low single digit increase in pricing were expected for 2010. Improving but still historically low sales in the housing market and fl uctuating fuel costs could keep some upward pressures on sand and gravel prices. Larger price increases are more likely to continue in and near metropolitan areas because, as nearby resources are used up, more aggregates will be transported from distant sources with the accompanying extra fuel cost.

Reference Cited

U.S. Census Bureau, 2011, Annual value of construction put in place, 2002–

2010: U.S. Census Bureau, 2 p. (Accessed March 30, 2011, at http:// www.census.gov/const/www/totpage.pdf).



### GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
U.S. Geological Survey Productions
Crushed Stone and Sand and Gravel. Mineral Industry Surveys,

quarterly. Directory of Principal Crushed Stone Producers. Mineral

Industry Surveys, annual. Directory of Principal Sand and Gravel Producers. Mineral

Industry Surveys, annual. Directory of State Publications Listing Crushed Stone, Sand and

Gravel Producers, Mineral Industry Surveys, periodic. Natural Aggregate—Building America’s Future. Circular 1110,

1990. Natural Aggregates of the Conterminous United States. Bulletin

1594, 1988. Natural Aggregates—Foundation of America’s Future. Fact

Sheet FS 144–97, 1997.64.4 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 

### Sand and Gravel. Ch. in United States Mineral Resources,

Professional Paper 820, 1973. Sand and Gravel, Construction. Ch. in Mineral Commodity

Summaries, annual. Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual. Stone, Crushed. Ch. in Minerals Yearbook, annual.

Other
Aggregates Handbook. National Stone Association, 1991. Aggregates Manager. Aggregates—Sand, Gravel, & Crushed Rock Aggregates for

Construction Purposes. The Geological Society [United Kingdom], 1985. Bates, R.L., and Harben, P.W., 1984, Geology of Nonmetallics:

London, United Kingdom, Metal Bulletin Inc., 357 p. Canadian Aggregates. Concrete Manual—A Water Resources Publication. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1975. Earth Manual—A Water Resources Publication. U.S.

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1974. Handbook of Concrete Aggregates. Dolar-Mantuani, L. Noyes

Publications, 1983. Industrial Minerals. Pit & Quarry. Quarry Management. Rock Products. Sand and Gravel. Ch. in Industrial Minerals and Rocks (7th ed.),

Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., 2006. Sand and Gravel. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, U.S.

Bureau of Mines Bulletin 675, 1985. Stone, Sand & Gravel Review.

TABLE 1 SALIENT U.S. CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL STATISTICS 1

(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sold or used by producers: 2

Quantity 1,280,000 1,340,000 r 1,250,000 r 1,060,000 r 836,000 Value 7,520,000 r 8,650,000 r 8,820,000 r 7,900,000 r 6,330,000 Recycle: 3

Quantity 14,400 15,400 20,100 29,100 r 29,000 Value 99,200 111,000 150,000 252,000 r 272,000 Exports:

Quantity 519 515 365 392 439 Value 28,200 24,100 28,700 22,400 23,100 Imports:

Quantity 7,160 4,960 4,420 5,430 2,980 Value 86,800 94,100 87,700 114,000 66,100

rRevised.

2Puerto Rico is excluded from all sand and gravel statistics.
3Asphalt and portland cement concrete recycled by construction, demolition, and aggregate mining companies. 1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.

TABLE 2 CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION 1

2008 2009 Quantityr Quantity (thousand Percentage Value Percentage (thousand Percentage Value Percentage Region/division metric tons) of total (thousands) of total metric tons) of total (thousands) of total Northeast:

New England 43,900 r 4.2 r $360,000 4.6 37,400 4.6 $321,000 5.1 Middle Atlantic 64,100 r 6.1 544,000 r 6.9 56,100 6.7 497,000 7.9 Midwest:

East North Central 165,000 r 15.6 950,000 r 12.0 132,000 15.8 804,000 12.7 West North Central 112,000 r 10.6 r 606,000 r 7.7 r 102,000 12.2 551,000 8.7 South:

South Atlantic 80,400 r 7.6 626,000 r 7.9 r 53,000 6.3 452,000 7.1 East South Central 41,300 r 3.9 277,000 r 3.5 35,300 4.2 248,000 3.9 West South Central 135,000 r 12.7 r 1,020,000 r 12.9 r 111,000 13.3 871,000 13.8 West:

Mountain 238,000 r 22.5 r 1,690,000 r 21.4 r 179,000 21.4 1,270,000 20.1 Pacific 178,000 r 16.8 r 1,820,000 23.0 r 130,000 15.5 1,310,000 20.8

Total 1,060,000 r 100 7,900,000 r 100 836,000 100 6,330,000 100

rRevised.
1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.5 TABLE 3 CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE 1

2008 2009 Quantity Quantity (thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value Alabama 13,800 r $87,300 r $6.35 r 10,000 $64,800 $6.49 Alaska 11,400 r 84,800 r 7.41 r 7,320 55,500 7.58 Arizona 67,200 r 562,000 r 8.36 r 40,200 357,000 8.88 Arkansas 8,800 65,100 7.40 8,980 69,800 7.78 California 111,000 r 1,260,000 r 11.39 r 79,200 912,000 11.52 Colorado 37,800 r 299,000 r 7.89 r 29,300 217,000 7.42 Connecticut 7,350 r 69,600 r 9.48 r 5,680 60,800 10.70 Delaware 2,550 20,600 8.09 r 2,080 24,500 11.80 Florida 28,200 r 219,000 7.78 r 15,600 125,000 8.01 Georgia 7,360 r 40,300 r 5.47 5,260 31,100 5.91 Hawaii 1,640 r 29,800 r 18.24 r 1,130 14,300 12.70 Idaho 18,800 r 107,000 r 5.71 12,900 75,000 5.82 Illinois 27,000 r 168,000 r 6.21 r 22,500 144,000 6.40 Indiana 23,300 r 139,000 r 5.96 r 18,800 100,000 5.31 Iowa 15,800 r 89,500 r 5.65 r 13,600 87,600 6.44 Kansas 10,500 r 51,600 r 4.93 8,580 43,300 5.04 Kentucky 7,620 r 41,700 r 5.47 7,260 39,800 5.48 Louisiana 22,900 r 231,000 r 10.09 20,600 205,000 9.92 Maine 10,200 r 69,100 r 6.79 r 9,090 59,300 6.52 Maryland2 12,000 126,000 10.47 r 7,980 99,200 12.43 Massachusetts 11,300 r 110,000 r 9.71 r 9,460 85,600 9.05 Michigan 45,100 r 211,000 r 4.67 r 34,600 176,000 5.09 Minnesota 34,700 r 227,000 r 6.53 30,800 188,000 6.10 Mississippi 12,800 r 91,400 r 7.15 12,700 101,000 7.97 Missouri 12,400 r 76,200 r 6.15 r 11,500 71,900 6.26 Montana 13,400 r 110,000 r 8.17 r 11,200 85,500 7.66 Nebraska 14,000 r 75,400 r 5.38 r 12,900 75,500 5.87 Nevada 29,500 r 163,000 r 5.52 r 21,400 138,000 6.44 New Hampshire 8,150 r 51,200 r 6.29 6,930 55,600 8.02 New Jersey 13,600 r 153,000 r 11.25 r 11,100 116,000 10.49 New Mexico 14,600 r 127,000 r 8.68 r 14,700 118,000 7.99 New York 34,400 r 260,000 r 7.55 r 31,100 266,000 8.56 North Carolina 9,770 r 58,800 r 6.01 7,570 43,000 5.68 North Dakota 12,100 r 39,200 r 3.24 r 14,400 47,000 3.28 Ohio 33,800 r 244,000 r 7.21 r 27,200 241,000 8.87 Oklahoma 14,700 r 95,500 r 6.50 r 11,600 68,200 5.90 Oregon 14,900 r 121,000 r 8.09 r 12,200 102,000 8.39 Pennsylvania 16,100 r 132,000 r 8.18 r 13,900 114,000 8.23 Rhode Island 2,000 r 27,400 r 13.66 r 1,820 23,300 12.79 South Carolina 9,660 r 46,500 r 4.81 5,900 32,900 5.57 South Dakota 12,500 r 48,000 r 3.83 10,500 37,900 3.59 Tennessee 7,180 r 56,200 r 7.83 5,360 42,800 7.98 Texas 88,300 r 631,000 r 7.14 r 70,000 528,000 7.54 Utah 38,900 r 222,000 r 5.72 32,400 190,000 5.86 Vermont 4,960 r 33,600 r 6.78 r 4,470 36,700 8.21 Virginia 10,400 r 111,000 r 10.63 r 8,180 93,100 11.38 Washington 39,600 r 326,000 r 8.23 r 29,900 230,000 7.69 West Virginia 426 3,840 9.00 r 410 3,480 8.49 Wisconsin 36,200 r 190,000 r 5.24 r 29,100 143,000 4.92 Wyoming 17,500 r 103,000 r 5.88 r 17,200 92,200 5.36

Total or average 1,060,000 r 7,900,000 r 7.47 r 836,000 6,330,000 7.57 See footnotes at end of table.64.6 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 TABLE 3

—Continued CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE 1

rRevised.
1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes data reported in Washington, DC.

TABLE 4 CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY MAJOR USE 1

Quantity (thousand Value Unit Use metric tons) (thousands) value Concrete aggregates (including concrete sand) 128,000 $1,080,000 $8.46 Plaster and gunite sands 12,500 99,100 7.90 Concrete products (blocks, bricks, pipe, decorative, etc.) 2,940 29,000 9.89 Asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous mixtures 37,600 379,000 10.07 Road base and coverings 78,500 494,000 6.30 Road stabilization, cement 951 7,630 8.02 Road stabilization, lime 901 6,520 7.24 Fill 39,400 183,000 4.65 Snow and ice control 3,180 23,400 7.35 Railroad ballast 515 4,590 8.92 Roofing granules 209 4,260 20.39 Filtration 512 4,420 8.63 Golf course maintenance sand 852 8,340 9.79 Other miscellaneous uses 3,880 40,900 10.56 Unspecified: 2

Actual 162,000 1,280,000 7.92 Estimated 365,000 2,680,000 7.36

Total or average 836,000 6,330,000 7.57

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2Reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.7 TABLE 5 CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND MAJOR USE 1

(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

Concrete products Asphaltic concrete Concrete aggregates Plaster and (blocks, bricks, pipe aggregates and other Road base and (including concrete sand) gunite sands decorative, etc.) bituminous mixtures coverings2 Region/division Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Northeast:

New England 3,740 36,400 106 869 111 837 1,570 17,600 3,890 30,000 Middle Atlantic 6,650 70,200 786 10, 600 347 3,280 2,660 30,600 4,290 32,100 Midwest:

East North Central 20,000 126,000 4,700 23,300 363 2,770 8,660 55,700 10,900 63,300 West North Central 12,600 78,000 1,430 8,530 501 4,580 3,130 26,600 16,800 60,800 South:

South Atlantic 16,700 160,000 588 4,030 362 3,530 748 5,640 673 5,480 East South Central 9,170 62,100 123 894 74 989 1,540 15,400 884 6,000 West South Central 21,200 169,000 1,010 10,100 108 1,150 1,350 14,000 5,640 47,900 West:

Mountain 15,100 128,000 1,580 13, 300 54 804 7,530 83,100 23,600 150,000 Pacific 22,900 253,000 2,210 27,500 1,020 11,100 10,400 130,000 13,700 113,000

Total 129,000 1,080,000 12,500 99,100 2,940 29,000 37,600 379,000 80,300 509,000 Fill Snow and ice control Railroad ballast Other uses 3 Total Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Northeast:

New England 2,110 9,990 675 6,530 63 434 25,200 219,000 37,400 321,000 Middle Atlantic 3,530 17,900 1,010 6,360 104 941 36,700 325,000 56,100 497,000 Midwest:

East North Central 9,900 41,600 771 3,440 35 255 76,800 488,000 132,000 804,000 West North Central 3,340 12,300 219 1,330 31 253 64,100 358,000 102,000 551,000 South:

South Atlantic 3,980 13,500 13 107 -- -- 29,900 260,000 53,000 452,000 East South Central 816 2,700 8 62 -- -- 22,700 160,000 35,300 248,000 West South Central 5,460 21,500 21 157 35 649 76,400 606,000 111,000 871,000 West:

Mountain 5,000 24,600 333 4,440 149 1,180 126,000 866,000 179,000 1,270,000 Pacific 5,210 38,900 133 981 99 878 74,100 739,000 130,000 1,310,000

Total 39,400 183,000 3,180 23,400 515 4,590 532,000 4,020,000 836,000 6,330,000 -- Zero.

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes road and other stabilization (cement and lime).
3Includes reported and estimated production without a breakdown by end use.64.8 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 TABLE 6A CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY SIZE OF OPERATION

Quantity 1 Size range Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage (metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total Less than 25,000 1,716 26.7 16,600 2.0 25,000 to 49,999 1,076 16.7 35,500 4.3 50,000 to 99,999 1,154 17.9 75,300 9.0 100,000 to 199,999 1,160 18.0 151,000 18.1 200,000 to 299,999 540 8.4 120,000 14.3 300,000 to 399,999 262 4.1 82,200 9.8 400,000 to 499,999 159 2.5 63,900 7.7 500,000 to 599,999 109 1.7 54,100 6.5 600,000 to 699,999 73 1.1 42,700 5.1 700,000 to 799,999 48 0.7 32,400 3.9 800,000 to 899,999 36 0.6 27,600 3.3 900,000 to 999,999 29 0.5 24,800 3.0 1,000,000 to 1,499,999 44 0.7 47,600 5.7 1,500,000 to 1,999,999 16 0.2 24,800 3.0 2,000,000 to 2,499,999 8 0.1 16,300 2.0 2,500,000 and more 7 0.1 21,300 2.6

Total 6,437 100 836,000 100

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.9 TABLE 6B CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY REGION AND SIZE OF OPERATION

Northeast Midwest Quantity 1 Quantity 1 Size range Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage (metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total Less than 25,000 359 34.8 3,510 3.8 595 26.8 6,070 2.6 25,000 to 49,999 182 17.6 6,020 6.4 402 18.1 13,300 5.7 50,000 to 99,999 180 17.4 11,700 12.5 439 19.8 28,500 12.2 100,000 to 199,999 163 15.8 21,300 22.7 418 18.9 54,100 23.1 200,000 to 299,999 71 6.9 15,700 16.8 163 7.4 36,300 15.5 300,000 to 399,999 39 3.8 12,100 13.0 79 3.6 24,700 10.6 400,000 to 499,999 17 1.7 7,000 7.5 35 1.6 14,000 6.0 500,000 to 599,999 4 0.4 1,930 2.1 34 1.5 16,900 7.2 600,000 to 699,999 5 0.5 2,930 3.1 18 0.8 10,400 4.5 700,000 to 799,999 2 0.2 1,380 1.5 8 0.4 5,280 2.3 800,000 to 899,999 2 0.2 1,500 1.6 9 0.4 6,840 2.9 900,000 to 999,999 4 0.4 3,430 3.7 11 0.5 9,270 4.0 1,000,000 to 1,499,999 3 0.3 3,190 3.4 6 0.3 6,690 2.9 1,500,000 to 1,999,999 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,000,000 to 2,499,999 1 0.1 1,840 2.0 1 -- 1,900 0.8 2,500,000 and more -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Total 1,032 100 93,500 100 2,218 100 234,000 100 South West Quantity 1 Quantity 1 Size range Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage Number of Percentage (thousand Percentage (metric tons) operations of total metric tons) of total operations of total metric tons) of total Less than 25,000 206 19.0 1,950 1.0 556 26.4 5,020 1.6 25,000 to 49,999 123 11.4 4,050 2.0 369 17.5 12,200 3.9 50,000 to 99,999 182 16.8 12,000 6.0 353 16.8 23,000 7.5 100,000 to 199,999 223 20.6 30,200 15.1 356 16.9 45,800 14.8 200,000 to 299,999 126 11.6 27,400 13.8 180 8.6 40,400 13.1 300,000 to 399,999 62 5.7 19,800 9.9 82 3.9 25,500 8.3 400,000 to 499,999 51 4.7 20,700 10.4 56 2.7 22,200 7.2 500,000 to 599,999 34 3.1 16,800 8.4 37 1.8 18,500 6.0 600,000 to 699,999 21 1.9 12,300 6.2 29 1.4 17,000 5.5 700,000 to 799,999 19 1.8 12,900 6.5 19 0.9 12,900 4.2 800,000 to 899,999 13 1.2 10,100 5.0 12 0.6 9,230 3.0 900,000 to 999,999 3 0.3 2,610 1.3 11 0.5 9,490 3.1 1,000,000 to 1,499,999 11 1.0 12,400 6.2 24 1.1 25,400 8.2 1,500,000 to 1,999,999 6 0.6 9,680 4.9 10 0.5 15,100 4.9 2,000,000 to 2,499,999 2 0.2 4,170 2.1 4 0.2 8,390 2.7 2,500,000 and more 1 0.1 2,430 1.2 6 0.3 18,900 6.1

Total 1,083 100 199,000 100 2,104 100 309,000 100 -- Zero.

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits.64.10 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 TABLE 7 CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION 1

(Thousand metric tons)

Not Not Region/division Truck Rail Water Other transported specified Total Northeast:

New England 6,720 -- -- 118 2,410 28,200 37,400 Middle Atlantic 12,400 8 -- 12 1,190 42,400 56,100 Midwest:

East North Central 33,400 129 2,890 473 4,420 90,900 132,000 West North Central 21,400 160 895 22 5,350 74,300 102,000 South:

South Atlantic 17,700 28 192 79 724 34,300 53,000 East South Central 6,080 85 908 40 412 27,800 35,300 West South Central 21,700 317 27 8 3,880 85,200 111,000 West:

Mountain 29,400 253 -- 536 8,540 141,000 179,000 Pacific 35,400 -- 1,080 1,460 6,100 85,700 130,000

Total 184,000 980 5,990 2,750 33,000 609,000 836,000 -- Zero.

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

TABLE 8 NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATIONS AND PROCESSING PLANTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION

Mining operations on land Stationary No plants or Dredging Total active Region/division Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations Northeast:

New England 231 202 39 27 -- 499 Middle Atlantic 247 188 44 31 23 533 Midwest:

East North Central 515 409 74 47 86 1,131 West North Central 363 447 30 60 187 1,087 South:

South Atlantic 149 74 15 48 74 360 East South Central 111 41 8 6 52 218 West South Central 241 118 22 40 84 505 West:

Mountain 508 724 68 47 9 1,356 Pacific 1 386 246 57 35 24 748

Total 2,751 2,449 357 341 539 6,437 -- Zero.

1An undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of Land Management in Alaska are counted as one operation.SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.11 TABLE 9 NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATIONS AND PROCESSING PLANTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY STATE

Mining operations on land Stationary No plants or Dredging Total active State Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations Alabama 38 11 1 5 15 70
Alaska 1 32 22 2 4 5 65 Arizona 89 112 15 3 -- 219 Arkansas 28 20 4 1 4 57 California 211 93 24 7 9 344 Colorado 98 140 5 6 7 256 Connecticut 33 24 9 -- -- 66 Delaware 5 -- -- 2 4 11 Florida 31 9 -- 7 16 63 Georgia 17 6 3 -- 19 45 Hawaii 18 6 2 -- -- 26 Idaho 47 95 4 14 2 162 Illinois 66 16 7 3 27 119 Indiana 70 35 12 3 14 134 Iowa 40 73 5 1 25 144 Kansas 26 40 3 10 39 118 Kentucky 9 4 2 1 9 25 Louisiana 45 15 1 12 37 110 Maine 61 70 8 13 -- 152 Maryland 21 1 2 10 4 38 Massachusetts 64 21 2 2 -- 89 Michigan 131 154 31 19 14 349 Minnesota 136 156 15 19 5 331 Mississippi 45 17 -- -- 18 80 Missouri 36 8 2 -- 28 74 Montana 62 84 7 6 -- 159 Nebraska 36 17 1 5 89 148 Nevada 56 39 5 4 -- 104 New Hampshire 33 41 9 4 -- 87 New Jersey 31 6 4 3 12 56 New Mexico 58 52 8 3 -- 121 New York 158 157 29 23 6 373 North Carolina 38 23 7 13 15 96 North Dakota 47 77 2 3 -- 129 Ohio 102 51 11 4 30 198 Oklahoma 30 14 -- 8 24 76 Oregon 38 43 9 9 3 102 Pennsylvania 58 25 11 5 5 104 Rhode Island 8 3 4 1 -- 16 South Carolina 13 17 -- 3 12 45 South Dakota 42 76 2 22 1 143 Tennessee 19 9 5 -- 10 43 Texas 138 69 17 19 19 262 Utah 69 99 20 1 -- 189 Vermont 32 43 7 7 -- 89 Virginia 21 16 3 13 4 57 Washington 87 82 20 15 7 211 West Virginia 3 2 -- -- -- 5 See footnotes at end of table.64.12 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 TABLE 9

—Continued NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATIONS AND PROCESSING PLANTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009, BY STATE

Mining operations on land Stationary No plants or Dredging Total active State Stationary Portable and portable unspecified operations operations

Wisconsin 146 153 13 18 1 331 Wyoming 29 103 4 10 -- 146

Total 2,751 2,449 357 341 539 6,437 -- Zero.

1An undetermined number of operations leased from the Bureau of Land Management in Alaska are counted as one operation.SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.13 TABLE 10 RECYCLED ASPHALT SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE 1, 2

Quantity Quantity (thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value Alabama 112 $2,090 $18.62 126 $2,520 $20.02 Alaska 105 r 1,770 r 16.81 r 57 1,200 21.02 Arizona 137 820 5.99 227 1,370 6.02 Arkansas -- -- -- 85 908 10.68 California 1,550 r 12,500 r 8.11 r 1,700 11,600 6.82 Colorado 514 r 4,950 9.62 r 362 4,050 11.18 Connecticut 133 530 3.98 124 517 4.17 Delaware 2 35 17.50 2 35 17.50 Florida 415 5,980 14.40 r 903 12,300 13.66 Georgia 96 2,770 28.89 r 196 4,280 21.83 Hawaii 73 1,040 14.25 73 1,030 14.16 Idaho 88 659 7.49 94 587 6.24 Illinois 843 8,210 9.74 1,460 12,500 8.57 Indiana 172 r 1,640 r 9.54 r 225 1,870 8.30 Iowa 37 290 7.84 26 209 8.04 Kansas 1,140 30,900 27.02 r 1,290 33,200 25.74 Kentucky 49 928 18.94 49 928 18.94 Louisiana 147 908 6.18 134 757 5.65 Maine 176 1,380 7.82 r 139 1,130 8.14 Maryland 194 999 5.15 145 702 4.84 Massachusetts 305 1,960 6.42 r 287 2,410 8.40 Michigan 315 1,540 4.88 r 532 3,010 5.67 Minnesota 805 r 7,240 r 8.99 r 528 5,430 10.29 Mississippi 81 1,570 19.35 r 136 1,780 13.09 Missouri 208 922 4.43 164 693 4.23 Montana 75 338 4.51 8 89 11.13 Nebraska 32 745 23.28 83 1,090 13.14 Nevada 49 275 5.61 275 1,500 5.46 New Hampshire 256 3,420 13.34 r 296 3,480 11.74 New Jersey 154 1,120 7.24 r 155 1,350 8.70 New Mexico 195 1,410 7.25 r 771 9,850 12.78 New York 256 1,630 6.36 r 380 2,840 7.47 North Carolina 318 2,300 7.23 874 7,850 8.98 North Dakota 28 126 4.50 40 450 11.25 Ohio 68 249 3.66 179 1,090 6.10 Oklahoma 103 1,540 14.98 r 118 1,570 13.33 Oregon 235 r 1,940 r 8.26 r 216 1,580 7.29 Pennsylvania 1,120 10,700 9.54 r 1,020 10,100 9.97 Rhode Island 69 920 13.33 66 202 3.06 South Carolina 191 r 4,010 r 21.02 r 204 4,420 21.65 South Dakota 80 446 5.58 120 751 6.26 Tennessee 54 409 7.57 197 1,450 7.36 Texas 700 7,280 10.40 616 4,650 7.54 Utah 431 r 2,440 r 5.66 r 234 1,560 6.67 Vermont 30 242 8.07 28 425 15.18 Virginia 955 1,310 r 1.37 r 233 2,980 12.79 Washington 195 1,080 5.53 r 168 499 2.97 West Virginia -- -- -- -- -- -- Wisconsin 747 4,980 6.67 624 4,290 6.87 See footnotes at end of table. 2008 200964.14 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 TABLE 10

— Continued RECYCLED ASPHALT SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE 1, 2

Quantity Quantity (thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value Wyoming 29 $360 $12.41 14 $205 $14.64

U.S. total or average 14,100 r 141,000 r 10.02 r 16,000 169,000 10.60 Territory Puerto Rico 45 169 3.75 45 169 3.75

Grand total or average 14,100 r 141,000 r 10.00 r 16,000 170,000 10.58

rRevised. -- Zero.
1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes construction and demolition companies that do not mine virgin aggregates. 2009 2008SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.15 TABLE 11 RECYCLED CONCRETE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE 1, 2

2008 2009 Quantity Quantity (thousand Value Unit (thousand Value Unit State metric tons) (thousands) value metric tons) (thousands) value Alabama 45 $317 $7.04 51 $377 $7.39 Alaska 64 r 304 r 4.75 r 25 124 4.96 Arizona 192 1,050 5.48 r 70 485 6.93 Arkansas -- -- -- 42 193 4.60 California 2,270 r 17,000 r 7.51 r 1,770 14,300 8.07 Colorado 767 5,010 6.53 644 4,500 6.99 Connecticut 90 310 3.44 41 328 8.00 Delaware 7 75 10.71 7 75 10.71 Florida 233 3,640 15.63 r 424 4,830 11.40 Georgia 10 57 5.70 83 274 3.30 Hawaii 23 252 10.96 22 215 9.77 Idaho 27 190 7.04 32 192 6.00 Illinois 1,410 10,600 7.55 r 1,180 8,820 7.51 Indiana 105 717 6.83 139 752 5.41 Iowa 34 248 7.29 28 238 8.50 Kansas 25 311 12.44 297 2,230 7.51 Kentucky 440 4,370 9.93 441 4,370 9.92 Louisiana 29 434 14.97 7 71 10.14 Maine 28 163 5.82 39 294 7.54 Maryland 254 1,160 4.55 r 389 2,030 5.21 Massachusetts 300 2,260 7.55 r 192 1,610 8.39 Michigan 520 2,520 4.85 1,010 7,180 7.13 Minnesota 1,290 6,850 5.30 r 765 4,700 6.14 Mississippi 71 1,540 21.75 r 71 1,550 21.82 Missouri 1 2 2.00 1 2 2.00 Montana 81 378 4.67 20 155 7.75 Nebraska 98 877 8.95 122 1,120 9.19 Nevada 151 804 5.32 93 560 6.02 New Hampshire 11 93 8.45 12 109 9.08 New Jersey 381 2,740 7.19 583 4,730 8.11 New Mexico 171 1,840 10.74 r 1 2 2.00 New York 399 r 2,850 r 7.15 r 338 2,620 7.75 North Carolina 139 1,810 13.03 r 143 1,850 12.94 North Dakota 9 61 6.78 17 187 11.00 Ohio 225 1,590 7.05 r 337 2,230 6.61 Oklahoma 225 2,940 13.08 r 224 2,940 13.13 Oregon 80 747 9.34 101 882 8.73 Pennsylvania 429 2,350 5.48 420 2,450 5.82 Rhode Island 32 301 9.41 127 176 1.39 South Carolina 235 3,400 14.46 r 216 3,630 16.81 South Dakota 158 699 4.42 109 534 4.90 Tennessee -- -- -- 25 149 5.96 Texas 1,660 12,400 7.49 r 859 6,750 7.86 Utah 381 r 3,060 r 8.04 r 223 1,890 8.48 Vermont 16 81 5.06 22 102 4.64 Virginia 588 5,440 9.25 631 5,680 9.01 Washington 407 2,220 5.46 r 216 1,330 6.14 West Virginia -- -- -- -- -- -- Wisconsin 645 3,580 5.55 369 1,940 5.24 Wyoming 236 1,640 6.94 r 59 339 5.75

U.S. total or average 15,000 r 111,000 r 7.43 13,000 102,000 7.83 Territory Puerto Rico -- -- -- -- -- --

Grand total or average 15,000 r 111,000 r 7.43 r 13,000 102,000 7.83

rRevised. -- Zero.
1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except unit value; may not add to totals shown.
2Includes construction and demolition companies that do not mine virgin aggregates.64.16 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2009 TABLE 12 U.S. EXPORTS OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL IN 2009, BY COUNTRY 1

(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

Sand Gravel Value, Value, Country or territory Quantity f.a.s. 2 Quantity f.a.s. 2 North America:

Bahamas, The 7 522 17 635 Canada 20 2,150 327 2,800 Mexico 2 439 1 25 Other 18 1,290 8 231

Total 47 4,400 353 3,690 South America 3 2,320 1 60 Europe 4 3,310 3 170 Asia 3 1,920 1 32 Oceania (3) 119 -- -- Middle East 19 5,820 3 88 Africa, other 4 1,140 (3) 13

Grand total 79 19,000 360 4,050 -- Zero.

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Free alongside ship. Value of material at U.S. port of export; based on transaction price, including all charges incurred in placing material alongside ship.

3Less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

TABLE 13 U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL, BY COUNTRY 1

(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

2008 2009 Value, Value, Country or territory Quantity c.i.f. 2 Quantity c.i.f. 2 Antigua and Barbuda -- -- 4 94 Australia 21 1,560 2 604 Bahamas, The 462 5,600 81 1,490 Canada 4,500 86,800 2,540 47,500 China 17 3,750 19 2,580 Germany 25 253 (3) 327 Japan (3) 458 (3) 154 Mexico 318 5,500 228 5,680 New Zealand 11 1,990 4 755 Peru 3 690 3 683 Philippines 1 212 (3) 70 Other 66 6,740 95 6,120

Total 5,430 114,000 2,980 66,100

rRevised. -- Zero.
1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2Cost, insurance, and freight. Value of material at U.S. port of entry; based on purchase price and includes all charges (except U.S. import duties) in bringing material from foreign country to alongside carrier.

3Less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.SAND AND GRAVEL, CONSTRUCTION—2009 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 64.17 TABLE 14 THE TOP 100 PRODUCERS OF CONSTRUCTION SAND & GRAVEL IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2009 1

2009 2008 2009 2008 Rank Rank Company Rank Rank 1 2 Oldcastle Materials, Inc. 51 84 Sundre Sand & Gravel, Inc. 2 1 CEMEX S.A.B. de C.V. 52 69 Amboy Aggregates 3 4 Vulcan Materials Co. 53 56 Eagle Materials Inc. 4 3 Lehigh Hanson, Inc. 54 61 Snyder Associated Cos., Inc. 5 6 MDU Resources Group, Inc. 55 34 Holliday Rock Products Corp. 6 5 Holcim Group/Aggregate Industries Mgmt., Inc. 56 73 Standard Gravel Co., Inc. 7 13 Mitsubishi Materials Corp. 57 — Blain Sand & Gravel, Inc. 8 7 Bureau of Land Management 58 63 Chandler Aggregates, Inc. 9 10 Lafarge North America, Inc. 59 65 Lakeview Sand & Gravel Co. 10 9 Martin Marietta Aggregates 60 52 U.S. Concrete, Inc. 11 11 Fisher Industries 61 82 Southway Construction Co., Inc. 12 8 Granite Construction, Inc. 62 79 FST Sand & Gravel, Inc. 13 15 Clyde Cos., Inc. 63 49 Rieth-Riley Construction Co., Inc. 14 12 CalPortland Co. 64 51 Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community 15 18 Trinity Industries, Inc. 65 70 Aggregate Resources, Inc. 16 14 A. Teichert & Son, Inc. 66 81 Pacific Clay Products, Inc. 17 16 Colas Inc. 67 59 Boral USA 18 53 Las Vegas Paving Corp. 68 60 Southwest Rock Products, LLC 19 21 Fordyce Ltd. 69 41 The Olen Corp. 20 20 Nugent Sand Co. 70 — Fred Weber, Inc. 21 19 Gila River Indian Community 71 76 Wood Resources Corp. 22 17 Texas Industries, Inc. 72 66 Watson Gravel, Inc. 23 25 York Building Products Co. 73 74 Grand Rapids Gravel Co. 24 26 Lyman-Richey Sand & Gravel Co. 74 71 Wright Materials, Inc. 25 28 Mathy Construction Co. 75 93 M.R. Tanner Mining, Inc. 26 40 Mulzer Crushed Stone, Inc. 76 77 Hilltop Basic Resources, Inc. 27 36 Ash Grove Cement Co. 77 — Waste Management, Inc. 28 39 Southern Aggregates, LLC 78 — Close Construction Co., Inc. 29 33 R.E. Janes Gravel Co . 79 85 Johnson Sand & Gravel, Inc. 30 44 McMurry Ready Mix Co. 80 — Frank Bryan, Inc. 31 30 Eucon Corp. 81 57 Memphis Stone & Gravel Co. 32 32 All American Asphalt Co. 82 47 Ennstone Inc. 33 35 Harper Investments, Inc. 83 — James Construction Group 34 22 Edw. C. Levy Co. 84 75 Heritage Group 35 53 Central Specialties, Inc. 85 83 Nebco, Inc. 36 24 E.R. Jahna Industries, Inc. 86 — Clemente Material, Inc. 37 23 Lattimore Properties, Inc. 87 — Tri-Con Materials, Inc. 38 38 L.G. Everist, Inc. 88 62 Continental Materials Corp. 39 — Quikrete Companies, Inc. 89 80 Hall-Irwin Corp. 40 87 Capital Sand Co., Inc. 90 — Roanoke Sand & Gravel Corp. 41 37 Miles Sand & Gravel Co. 91 — Wm. D. Scepaniak, Inc. 42 78 FNF Mining, Inc. 92 99 Ready Mix USA, Inc. 43 58 Jobe Materials, LP 93 — Michels Corporation 44 50 Dan Gernatt Gravel Products, Inc. 94 86 LS Sand & Gravel Ltd. 45 54 New Enterprises Stone & Lime Co., Inc. 95 — A. Lindberg & Sons, Inc. 46 43 Thelen Sand & Gravel, Inc. 96 — St. Charles Sand Co. 47 68 Dolese Bros. Co. 97 — Bowes Construction, Inc. 48 45 Multisources Ltd. 98 — J.J. Ferguson Sand & Gravel Co. 49 64 BSC Holding, Inc. 99 — LeGrand Johnson Construction Co. 50 48 Irving Materials, Inc. 100 — Strata Corp. — Not in the top 100 producers of crushed stone in the United States in 2008.
1 In descending order of tonnage produced. Company