{"id":142369,"date":"2022-07-23T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-23T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-480633"},"modified":"2023-10-02T17:15:26","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T21:15:26","slug":"tissue-chips-investigate-diseases-test-drugs-on-the-space-station","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/tissue-chips-investigate-diseases-test-drugs-on-the-space-station\/","title":{"rendered":"Tissue Chips Investigate Diseases, Test Drugs on the Space Station"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of an astronaut working with an experiment at a glovebox\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 34%; object-position: 52% 34%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png 5568w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronaut Kate Rubins works on the Cardinal Heart study, which seeks to help scientists understand the aging and weakening of heart muscles in the search for new treatments for astronauts and people on Earth.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Small devices that mimic functions of human organs help researchers understand the progression of various diseases and provide a faster and safer alternative to preparing drugs for clinical trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tiny canisters of beating human heart cells that flew on the International Space Station could help scientists understand abnormalities in heart cells and tissues that can lead to disease on Earth. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=8218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Cardinal Heart<\/strong><\/a> investigation used these engineered heart tissues (EHTs), a type of tissue chip, to examine how microgravity affects heart cells. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tissue chips are small devices containing living cells that mimic complex functions of specific human tissues and organs. In microgravity, cells assemble differently than they do in laboratories on Earth and behave more like they do when inside the body. That makes the space station a unique platform for studies using these devices. Tissue chips also make up an important aspect of tissue engineering, which uses a combination of living cells and other materials to restore, maintain, improve, or replace biological tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cardinal Heart confirmed that microgravity caused changes to the EHTs. The next step, explains principal investigator Joseph Wu, director of Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, is testing whether certain drugs can prevent these altered effects during spaceflight and, eventually, help people with problems such as cardiac atrophy on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using tissue chips to test the effect of drugs could help reduce the need for the animal studies that precede clinical trials in humans, currently the standard for approval of new drugs. Despite favorable results in pre-clinical animal studies, about 30% of medications are found to be toxic in human clinical trials and some 60% do not have the intended effect on humans.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTissue chips test potential drug candidates for human response and toxicity in a way that is more predictable,\u201d says Siobhan Malany, principal investigator for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=8313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Human Muscle on a Chip<\/strong><\/a>, which tested the feasibility of using accelerated muscle weakness in space to study age-related muscle decline on Earth. \u201cSo many drugs fail because of a lack of human efficacy or because of toxicity. Tissue chip technology is really filling that gap from early discovery to the clinic. Because tissue chips are robust, three-dimensional, and micro-scale, we can send many of these experiments up for longer periods of time to observe long-term and chronic effects.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of an astronaut working with an experiment\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png 5568w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss057e105719.png?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronaut Serena Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor sets up for Culturing of Human Myocytes in Microgravity, an experiment aiming to better understand muscle growth and repair in microgravity.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>ESA (European Space Agency) developed its own experiment unit (EU) to culture cells in space. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=1566\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SPHEROIDS<\/strong><\/a> investigation used EUs to examine the effects of microgravity on the function of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the inner surface of blood vessels and play a key role in vessel structure and regulation of blood pressure. Results <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S014296121730073X?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published<\/a><\/strong> in the journal Biomaterials showed that endothelial cells formed 3D structures in the EUs with good viability for the 14-day test. The investigation also confirmed the functionality of the automatic medium exchange and fixation procedures. EUs could play a role like that of tissue chips in drug testing and research in pharmacology, toxicology, and radiation biology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malany plans a follow-up space station investigation to test whether a steroid derived from tomato plants, Tomatidine, improves muscle mass. \u201cBasically, the same set of tissue chips will go back up to space. One gets the treatment and one does not, and we can look at specific responses and any toxicity,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A type of tissue chip with human knee cartilage developed for a study of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is helping advance development of drugs to treat the condition. PTOA can occur when traumatic joint injury leads to loss of cartilage and bone. It affects millions of people of all ages and is believed to be initiated by a \u201ccytokine storm,\u201d an over-response of the immune system following an impact injury such as a fall. International Space Station National Laboratory sponsored experiment MVP Cell-01 showed that low doses of dexamethasone, a potent anti-inflammatory, dramatically suppressed levels of cytokine in the knee following injury. A follow-up investigation combined the drug with a growth factor, and researchers plan to propose a clinical trial for the combination.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of astronaut working with an experiment\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png 5568w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss059e063924.png?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques processes samples for MVP Cell-01, which studies the effects of spaceflight on musculoskeletal disease as part of efforts to develop drugs to prevent Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis, a loss of cartilage and bone cause by a traumatic joint injury.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u201cHalf of the drug development battle is discovery,\u201d says principal investigator Alan Grodzinsky, a professor in the Department of Biological Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. \u201cThe other half is drug delivery: in this case, a technique to get a low dose of the drug into the cartilage. We can use this chip system to test delivering the drugs with nanoparticles. Using a real human system has many advantages over using animal ones for these studies. In the not-too-distant future, this work should lead to treatments for PTOA.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tissue chips provide faster results as well. \u201cWhen you use a tissue chip platform, fabrication takes a few days,\u201d says Dilip Thomas, a post-doctoral researcher in Wu\u2019s lab at Stanford University. \u201cThen, after you start treating it with drugs, depending on what measure you are looking at, you can have an entire set of data in one month.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tissue chip studies on the space station take advantage of the fact that many of the changes that microgravity causes in the human body resemble aging-related diseases on Earth but happen much faster. Researchers can model changes in days or weeks rather than months or years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMicrogravity accelerates disease processes and also uncovers potential new targets for drugs. We can look at disease pathologies in a way that we can\u2019t do here on Earth,\u201d says Lucie Low, scientific program manager at the National Institutes of Health\u2019s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). NCATS partners with the ISS National Lab on the Tissue Chips in Space program, which funds these tissue chip studies. The program seeks to understand how microgravity affects human health and disease and to translate that understanding to improved human health on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>STaARS BioScience-7 sent tissue chips to space to imitate aging of immune cells and confirmed that the cells age in microgravity and so provide a model for studying the process. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe know the pathways involved, now we want to know whether we can prevent or even reverse the aging of immune system stem cells, which play a role in repairing our bodies and healing wounds,\u201d says principal investigator Sonja Schrepfer, a professor at the University of California San Francisco. Even young people can have aged immune systems, for example if a latent virus continuously activates the immune system. Schrepfer plans a follow-up experiment that will bring tissue chips back from space without freezing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe know they will be aged, and we will look at whether we can reverse that back in the lab so that stem cells behave normally and repair a wound or blood vessels at normal speed. The goal is to fully understand a molecule that we can eliminate or a pathway to block to prevent aging effects,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the heart to the immune system, muscles, bones and more, these tiny stand-ins for human tissues are bringing about big results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tissue Chips In Space\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8kLw0mKU6Zk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/station\/research-explorer\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false\" aria-label=\"Space Station Research Explorer\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Space Station Research Explorer<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Space Station Research and Technology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/benefits-for-humanity\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Station Benefits for Humanity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/iss-national-laboratory\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>ISS National Laboratory<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/issnl-logo-white-digitalquality-blkbkgrnd.png?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/latest-news-from-space-station-research\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay 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class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, 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520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Oct 02, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\">Ana Guzman<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/\">International Space Station (ISS)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/benefits-to-humanity\/\">Benefits Back on Earth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/researchers\" rel=\"noopener\">For Researchers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\">Humans in Space<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/\">ISS Research<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science & Research<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/why-go-to-space\/\">Why Go To Space<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Small devices that mimic functions of human organs help researchers understand the progression of various diseases and provide a faster and safer alternative to preparing drugs for clinical trials. Tiny canisters of beating human heart cells that flew on the International Space Station could help scientists understand abnormalities in heart cells and tissues that can lead to disease on Earth. The [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":149658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"64","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2735,3212,2846,2656,11285,2662,2799],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[3995,12225,8610,5093],"coauthors":[12410],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Tissue Chips Investigate Diseases, Test Drugs on the Space Station","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/tissue-chips-investigate-diseases-test-drugs-on-the-space-station\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/tissue-chips-investigate-diseases-test-drugs-on-the-space-station\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png"},"articleSection":"Missions","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Space Station Research Integration Office"}],"creator":["Space Station Research Integration Office"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Humans in Space","Why Go To Space","International Space Station (ISS)","Benefits Back on Earth","For Researchers","ISS Research","Science & Research"],"dateCreated":"2022-07-23T16:00:00Z","datePublished":"2022-07-23T16:00:00Z","dateModified":"2023-10-02T21:15:26Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Tissue Chips Investigate Diseases, Test Drugs on the Space Station\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/tissue-chips-investigate-diseases-test-drugs-on-the-space-station\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2022-07-23T16:00:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Missions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Humans in Space,Why Go To Space,International Space Station (ISS),Benefits Back on Earth,For Researchers,ISS Research,Science & Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Space Station Research Integration Office\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":7,"time_ago":"2 years","featured_image":{"id":149658,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ahh_tc_iss064e015251.png","title":"ahh_tc_iss064e015251","alt":"image of an astronaut working with an experiment at a glovebox","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142369"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142369"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":537932,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142369\/revisions\/537932"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/149658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142369"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=142369"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=142369"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=142369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}