IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 16-1490

Filed November 23, 2016

IN THE INTEREST OF K.M. and P.B.,

Minor Children,

T.B., Mother,

Appellant.

_____________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Barbara H. Liesveld, District 

Associate Judge.

A mother appeals from the juvenile court order adjudicating her two children as 

children in need of assistance pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2). 

AFFIRMED.

Deborah M. Skelton, Walford, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee State.

Cynthia Smith Finley, Cedar Rapids, for minor children.

Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Doyle and McDonald, JJ.
2

DANILSON, Chief Judge.

A mother appeals from the juvenile court order adjudicating her two children—

K.M., born in 2013, and P.B., born in 2015—as children in need of assistance (CINA) 

pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2) (2015).1 The mother contends the State 

did not prove the grounds for adjudication under section 232.2(6)(c)(2) by clear and 

convincing evidence. Due to one child being injured during a domestic-abuse incident 

and the mother’s inability to protect the children from future domestic abuse incidents,

we affirm the adjudication of both children. 

The mother came to the attention of the department of human services (DHS) in 

August 2015, after P.B.’s father, N.B., assaulted the mother and injured P.B. in the 

process. The mother was holding P.B. when the father2hit the mother and pushed her 

onto a bed. P.B., who was only a few months old at the time, received a mark on her 

forehead in the altercation. K.M. was also present during the assault. A confirmed 

child- abuse assessment was completed naming the father as the person responsible.

DHS completed another child-abuse assessment after a January 2016 incident 

during which the father hit the mother across the face at a laundromat. P.B. was 

present during the altercation. The mother called the police. While being arrested, the 

father resisted and forcefully hit an officer in the face, causing the officer to become 

unconscious. The resulting child-abuse assessment was founded for denial of critical 

care, lack of adequate supervision, with the father named as the person responsible.

Voluntary services began in March 2016. The mother participated in Family 

Safety, Risk, and Permanency (FSRP) and Partners United for Supportive Housing 

 

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The fathers do not appeal.

2 We refer to N.B. as “the father” throughout our opinion although we acknowledge N.B. is the biological 

father of only P.B.
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(PUSH) services. Although she was encouraged to do so, the mother did not 

immediately seek counseling services to address the domestic violence issues. The 

mother initially stated she did not understand how domestic violence could be child 

abuse. The mother shared with DHS social workers that her relationship with K.M.’s 

father had also been violent and she had also witnessed her mother involved in violent 

relationships when she was a child. 

In May 2016, the mother and the father were involved in another violent 

altercation. During an argument, the father pushed the mother onto the floor and held 

his hands over her nose and mouth until she could not breathe. The father also 

received minor scratches to his face and neck in the altercation. The mother was 

pregnant with the father’s child at the time of the incident. Both K.M. and P.B. were 

present during the assault. The mother notified a DHS social worker of the incident, 

and the DHS social worker completed a safety check. The DHS social worker reported 

that K.M. stated he was scared and he saw his mother get hurt. The mother also called 

the police. Both the mother and the father were arrested for domestic abuse, but the 

charges against the mother were later dropped. DHS completed another founded childabuse assessment as a result of the altercation, citing the mother and the father as the 

persons responsible. 

After each of the August 2015, January 2016, and May 2016 domestic-violence 

incidents, no-contact orders were put into place to protect the mother and the children

from the father. Each time, the mother filed requests to cancel the no-contact orders.

The mother began counseling services sometime after the May 2016 incident. 

Despite the mother’s initial steadfast refusal to begin counseling, her counselor testified 
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at the adjudication hearing that the mother was very engaged in the counseling 

services. However, also sometime after the May 2016 incident, the mother and the 

father married. DHS was not aware of the marriage until June 2016, when the 

children’s maternal grandmother reported the marriage due to her concern regarding 

the mother’s continuing relationship with the father. 

The CINA petition was filed on May 17, 2016. A combined 

adjudicatory/dispositional hearing was held July 28, 2016. 

At the time of the adjudicatory/dispositional hearing, the father was incarcerated. 

His attorney opined, twenty-one months “would be the absolute earliest he could 

realistically expect to be paroled.” The mother maintains her relationship with the 

father; communicates with him regularly; and is seeking to be a placement for another 

child who is a CINA, born to the father and another woman.

In its adjudicatory and dispositional order, the juvenile court determined: 

It is critical to the safety of her children that [the mother] engages in 

domestic violence counseling and internalizes how incidents of domestic 

violence impact her children. [The mother] has a long history of exposure 

to domestic violence from her own childhood exposure through her 

mother’s poor relationships to her own domestically violent adult 

relationships with [N.B.] and [K.M.’s father]. The fact that [N.B.] is in jail 

does not cure the issue. It is concerning that [the mother] . . . had nocontact orders put into place for her protection but very quickly lifted so 

she could resume a relationship with her attacker. [The mother] does not 

believe her children are negatively impacted by exposure to domestic 

violence. She lacks an understanding of the trauma it causes her children 

to be exposed to violence.

The court also noted a DHS social worker’s testimony that she believed without 

the CINA adjudication and judicial oversight, the mother would not continue participating 

in voluntary services. The court held the State established by clear and convincing 
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evidence K.M. and P.B. should be adjudicated as CINA pursuant to section 

232.2(6)(c)(2).

Our review of CINA proceedings is de novo. In re J.S., 846 N.W.2d 36, 40 (Iowa 

2014). “In reviewing the proceedings, we are not bound by the juvenile court’s fact 

findings; however, we do give them weight.” Id. “Our primary concern is the children’s 

best interests.” Id.

The mother asserts the juvenile court erred in adjudicating the children as CINA 

pursuant to section 232.2(6)(c)(2). She argues because the father was incarcerated at 

the time of the adjudicatory hearing, the State could not present clear and convincing 

evidence the children were imminently likely to suffer harm. She also argues there was 

no indication she would not continue participating in voluntary services if the children 

were not adjudicated CINA.

Section 232.2(6)(c)(2) provides a child in need of assistance is one who “has 

suffered or is imminently likely to suffer harmful effects as a result of . . . [t]he failure of 

the child’s parent, . . . to exercise a reasonable degree of care in supervising the child.” 

CINA adjudication determinations must be based upon clear and convincing evidence. 

Iowa Code § 232.96.

We agree with the juvenile court and find there is clear and convincing evidence 

establishing grounds for adjudication under section 232.2(6)(c)(2). P.B. was physically 

injured during the August 2015 domestic-abuse altercation. Although the mother was 

the victim in all three incidents, she has an obligation to provide reasonable care to her 

children, including providing for their safety. See In re S.O., 483 N.W.2d 602, 603 (Iowa 

1992) (finding “[t]o return the children to [the mother]’s custody would place them in 
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imminent risk of harm” due to the mother’s “continued . . . pattern of sporadic 

cohabitation and visitation” with her abuser, the father, and her “failure to protect the 

children from abuse”). The mother knew P.B. was injured in the first reported abuse 

incident. She was also supervising the children when K.M. was present during two of 

the documented incidents of domestic violence, and P.B. was present for all three. 

Further, K.M. expressed understanding of the events he had witnessed stating directly 

after the May 2016 incident and again at a family team meeting held to discuss the 

incident that he saw his mother get hurt. 

Notwithstanding these facts, the mother has been unable to overcome the cycle 

of violence and continues to maintain a relationship with the abuser, the father, who is 

now incarcerated. In fact, she married him. Because she has maintained her

relationship with the father and sought cancellation of three no-contact orders in spite of 

continued abuse in the presence of the children, along with the injury to one child, the 

mother has failed to exercise a reasonable degree of care in supervising the children. 

P.B. has suffered harmful effects, and K.M. is imminently likely to suffer harmful effects 

as a result of the mother’s failure to exercise a reasonable degree of care in supervising 

the children by ensuring they are protected from being injured during domestic 

altercations. Thus, we find clear and convincing evidence supports ground for 

adjudication under section 232.2(6)(c)(2). 

By all accounts the mother is a good mother to her children. We commend the 

mother’s participation in voluntary services and engagement in domestic-violence 

counseling. We sympathize with the mother’s own history, but she needs to fully 

understand and overcome the cycle of violence she has experienced. We find little 
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solace in the father’s incarceration because, without fully addressing her issues with 

perpetrators of domestic violence, the mother lacks the ability to safeguard her children

and prevent another abuser from entering her life in the father’s absence.

Our fundamental concern is the best interests of the children. We find CINA 

adjudication is in K.M. and P.B.’s best interests. Adjudication will allow the mother more 

time to continue counseling and demonstrate she has the knowledge and the ability to 

provide reasonable care to her children. Adjudication will also allow for continued 

protective court supervision, ensuring the safety of the children. We therefore affirm the 

juvenile court’s CINA adjudicatory and dispositional order.

AFFIRMED.