{"id":306700,"date":"2023-05-11T14:47:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T18:47:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=reference&p=306700"},"modified":"2024-04-16T14:25:48","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T18:25:48","slug":"the-national-advisory-committee-for-aeronautics","status":"publish","type":"reference","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/the-national-advisory-committee-for-aeronautics\/","title":{"rendered":"The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation\"><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0\"><div id=\"\" class=\"hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 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class=\"usa-breadcrumb__link\"><span>NASA History<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-breadcrumb__list-item usa-current\" aria-current=\"page\"><span>The National Advisory...<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items\"><nav><ul class=\"usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0\"><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/explore-nasas-history\/\">Explore NASA’s History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-office\/\">NASA History Office<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"basic-nav-section-one\"><span>Publications and Resources<\/span><svg class=\"hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"\" 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Series<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/news-and-notes\/\">News and Notes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/aeronautics-and-space-report-of-the-president\/\">Aeronautics and Space Report of the President<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/oral-histories\/\">Oral Histories<\/a><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__submenu-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/other-research-resources\/\">Research Resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"usa-nav__primary-item \"><a class=\"usa-nav__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/archives\/\">NASA Archives<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><div class=\"hds-secondary-navigation-menu-spacer\"> <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-encyclopedia-intro-banner bg-carbon-05 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedia-intro-banner\">\t<div class=\"padding-y-0 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-y-0 desktop:padding-x-5\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-5 padding-y-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"display-48 font-weight-extrabold margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-lg margin-0 margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNASA’s predecessor, the NACA, was established by Congress on March 3, 1915 to advance aeronautics research in the United States.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label-inter color-carbon-60 margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" viewBox=\"0 0 600 600\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M293 .1C131.3 3.5-.5 136.4.1 300.1c-.7 162.7 132 301.1 302.2 299.9 165.8-1.1 299.2-136.6 297.6-303.2C598.3 132.5 462.9-3.5 293 .1zm8.9 570.6C151.5 571.8 30.6 451.1 29.2 302.4c-1.4-149.6 119.7-273.2 270.9-273 144.2-.2 266.7 114.2 270.4 263.7 3.8 153.2-117.9 276.5-268.6 277.6z\"\/><path d=\"M444.1 450.4c-67.3.1-134.5.1-201.8.1-15.9 0-31.8.1-47.7-.1-7-.1-12.6-4.5-14.4-11-1.9-6.6.4-13.4 6.9-16.6 3.8-1.9 8.5-2.7 12.7-2.8 81.6-.2 163.2-.1 244.7 0 3.9 0 5.6-.6 5.5-5.1-.1-96.5-.1-193.1 0-289.6 0-4.4-1.5-5.3-5.5-5.3-15.7.2-31.5.1-47.2.1-6.8 0-6.8 0-6.8 6.6v167.5c0 1.8-.2 3.5-.3 5.3-.5.2-1.1.5-1.6.7-14.6-14.7-29.2-29.4-45.1-45.4l-44.1 44.1V120.7c-1.7-.2-3-.5-4.2-.5-28.5 0-56.9-.4-85.4.1-34.3.6-59.6 26-59.7 60.1-.3 85.1-.1 170.2-.1 255.3 0 8.3 2.2 16 6.7 23 9.2 14.5 22.7 21.3 39.7 21.4 35.3.1 70.6 0 105.9 0 47.5 0 95.1 0 142.6.1 3.6 0 5.1-.8 4.9-4.8-.3-6.3-.4-12.7 0-19.1.5-4.8-1.2-5.9-5.7-5.9z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Encyclopedia<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label-inter color-carbon-60\">Updated May 11, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-5 desktop:padding-left-5 padding-top-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"Two men look at model in wind tunnel test section.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg 2910w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=300,155 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=768,397 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=1024,530 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=1536,795 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=2048,1060 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=400,207 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=600,311 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=900,466 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=1200,621 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1957-c-45914.jpg?resize=2000,1035 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">In 1957, NACA researchers adjusted an experimental aircraft model in the original 18-by 18-inch, small supersonic wind tunnel. The facility could test the model at speeds three-and-a-half times the speed of sound.<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-content-columns alignfull hds-columns hds-encyclopedic-content-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-primary-column hds-column hds-encyclopedic-column hds-encyclopedic-primary-column\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA \u2014 with each letter pronounced individually) came into being, much like its successor organization, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in response to the success of others. Even though the Wright brothers had been the first to make a powered airplane flight in 1903, by the beginning of World War I in 1914, the United States lagged behind Europe in airplane technology. In order to catch up, Congress founded the NACA on March 3, 1915, as an independent government agency reporting directly to the President. Its enacting legislation was attached as a rider to the Naval Appropriation Bill for that year. Unlike NASA, the NACA began almost without anyone noticing. It started simply, with a chairman, Brigadier General George Scriven, chief of the Army’s Signal Corps, a main committee of 12 members representing the government, military, and industry, an executive committee with 7 members, chosen from the main committee, and one employee, John F. Victory. Committee members were not paid and served only in an advisory capacity, meeting a few times a year to direct the aim of the new organization. Initially, the task of the committee was to coordinate efforts already underway across the nation. However, its mission and workforce soon grew to cover a greater role in aeronautics research in the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/naca-look-back-20\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"758\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The first meeting of the NACA in the Office of The Secretary Of War on April 23, 1915.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 56% 59%; object-position: 56% 59%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg?resize=300,218 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg?resize=768,559 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg?resize=1024,746 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg?resize=400,291 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg?resize=600,437 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430988main_naca_ames_full.jpg?resize=900,655 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The first meeting of the NACA in the Office of The Secretary of War on April 23, 1915.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-sidebar-column hds-column hds-encyclopedic-column hds-encyclopedic-sidebar-column\">\n<div style=\"height:125px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-did-you-know border-top-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-top-2 width-full maxw-full margin-bottom-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-did-you-know\">\n\t<div class=\"hds-did-you-know-inner display-flex\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-did-you-know-content padding-right-105\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label-inter\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDid You Know?\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-0 padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\tAviation pioneer Orville Wright\u00a0was a charter member of the\u00a0NACA's\u00a0executive committee\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-did-you-know-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-did-you-know-image-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1e-pia24434-wright-bros.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Orville Wright makes the first powered\" style=\"transform: scale(1.4); transform-origin: 62% 42%; object-position: 62% 42%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1e-pia24434-wright-bros.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1e-pia24434-wright-bros.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1e-pia24434-wright-bros.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1e-pia24434-wright-bros.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-content-columns alignfull hds-columns hds-encyclopedic-content-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-primary-column hds-column hds-encyclopedic-column hds-encyclopedic-primary-column\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Establishing Research Facilities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While not originally intended to administer its own laboratories, the NACA’s expanding role led to the creation of its first research and testing facility in 1920, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/the-history-of-nasa-langley-research-center\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"187484\">Langley Aeronautical Laboratory<\/a>. The NACA’s personnel expanded as well. The new laboratory employed a staff of 11 technicians and 4 professionals and, by 1925, the staff had grown to over 100 employees. The NACA’s main committee added the positions of executive officer, held by George Lewis, in 1919, and secretary, in 1921, held by John F. Victory.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/nasa-langley-turns-99-years-young\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"628\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"In this early photo, two Curtiss Jennies are parked on an airfield in front of hangars.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg?resize=300,181 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg?resize=768,463 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg?resize=1024,618 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg?resize=400,241 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg?resize=600,362 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1-11_lrc-1921-b701_p-00035.jpg?resize=900,543 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">In this early photo, two Curtiss Jennies are parked on an airfield at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NACA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>During the late 1910s and the 1920s, the NACA conducted many types of flight tests, involving both models and full-scale aircraft. Many of the test flights took place in a series of wind tunnels the NACA developed. Advances, such as the NACA cowling, for which the NACA won the Collier Trophy in 1929, and streamlining studies to improve the aerodynamics of aircraft resulted in greatly increased aircraft speed and range. Throughout the next three decades, the NACA continued to expand its influence in the field of aviation by recruiting top notch engineers and scientists to work in ever larger and more advanced technological facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reshaped by War<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The NACA began to hit its stride in the 1930s and 1940s, when the threat and reality of a new world war forced rapid development and testing of new aircraft and the addition of two new laboratories, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/ames-research-center-history\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"162334\">Ames Aeronautical Laboratory<\/a> in 1940 and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/glenn\/history\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"191089\">Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory<\/a>, or “the Cleveland laboratory,” in 1941. (This laboratory was later renamed the Lewis Research Center and is now NASA’s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/glenn\/history\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"191089\">Glenn Research Center<\/a>.) During this period, using wind tunnel testing, the NACA developed airfoil shapes for wings and propellers, which simplified aircraft design. The shapes eventually found their way into the designs of many U.S. aircraft of the time, including a number of important World War II-era aircraft, such as the P-51 Mustang.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/p-51b-mustang-langley-full-scale-tunnel-september-1943\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"595\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"P-51B Mustang in Langley Full-Scale Tunnel, Sept. 1943\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg?resize=300,171 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg?resize=768,439 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg?resize=1024,585 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg?resize=400,229 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg?resize=600,343 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-lmal-34588-p51b-fullscaletunnel.jpg?resize=900,514 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">P-51B Mustang drag testing in Langley Full-Scale tunnel, September 1943.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NACA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Seeking Supersonic Flight<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After World War II, the NACA began to work on the goal of supersonic flight. To further this goal, an adjunct facility to Langley, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/armstrong\/history\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"179802\">NACA Muroc Unit<\/a>, was established in California at the Air Force’s Muroc Field (later renamed Edwards Air Force Base). The NACA worked closely with the U.S. Air Force and Bell Aircraft to design the first supersonic aircraft. This collaboration marked a significant departure for the NACA. It had never before dealt with the initial design and construction of a research plane. This change in policy was a successful one. The NACA made a number of contributions to the design, including a changed tail.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/testing-future-2\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"781\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A black and white photo of an engineer making calibrations on the model inside the 6x6 foot supersonic wind tunnel.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 57% 75%; object-position: 57% 75%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/473865main_1734_full.jpg?resize=900,675 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Testing advanced designs for high-speed aircraft in 1948, an engineer makes final calibrations to a model mounted in the 6 x 6 Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel at the NACA Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, Moffett Field, California.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NACA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The first supersonic flight took place in 1947 in an experimental airplane, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/first-generation-x-1\/\" data-type=\"migration\" data-id=\"90125\">X-1<\/a>, piloted by Captain Charles “Chuck” Yeager and monitored by NACA personnel. This supersonic flight paved the way for further research into supersonic aircraft, leading to the development of swept wings as well as a new shape for aircraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1951, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/langley\/richard-t-whitcomb\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"73444\">Richard Whitcomb<\/a>, a NACA engineer, invented the concept of the area rule, which required trimming or indenting the midsection of an airplane’s fuselage in the area where the wing joined it. The resulting “Coke bottle” look decreased drag and made it easier for a plane to go supersonic. The appearance of most modern combat aircraft, especially fighters, is a result of this breakthrough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rocket Research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During the 1950s, as the Cold War deepened, the NACA devoted more and more time and research to missile technology. It was responsible for developing the tactics and designs for the reentry of space vehicles. Initially, the focus was on missile warheads, but later was applied to the possibility of manned vehicles. The NACA expanded once again, adding a site for launching rocket-propelled airplane models for high-speed tests at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wallops-history\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"339669\">Wallops Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Black and white image of a rocket on a metal structure with people working around it.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/first-tiamat.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The first research rocket launched from Wallops Island was Tiamat on July 4, 1945.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NACA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Looking Toward Space<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, the NACA began to look ahead to the possibility of manned space flight. In the late 1950s, the NACA developed a plan that called for a blunt-body spacecraft that would reenter with a heat shield, a worldwide tracking network, and dual controls that would gradually give the pilot of the craft greater control. All of these would become part of the space program, but not under the NACA.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=1919&h=1383&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1383\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=1919&h=1383&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Shadowgraph of Finned Hemispherical model in free-flight\" style=\"transform: scale(1.1); transform-origin: 20% 52%; object-position: 20% 52%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=1919&h=1383&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1919w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=300&h=216&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=768&h=553&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=1024&h=738&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1107&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=400&h=288&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=600&h=432&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=900&h=649&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/ARC-1958-A-23753\/ARC-1958-A-23753~large.jpg?w=1200&h=865&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Shadowgraph of finned hemispherical model in free-flight show shock waves produced by blunt bodies (H. Julian Allen blunt nose theory).<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NACA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite. In 1958, responding to the nations’ fear of falling behind the Soviets in the utilization and exploration of outer space, Congress passed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/national-aeronautics-and-space-act-of-1958-unamended\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"441274\">National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958<\/a>, which formed a new civilian space agency, NASA. The NACA officially turned over operations to NASA on October 1, 1958. The new agency would be responsible for civilian human, satellite, and robotic space programs, as well as aeronautical research. The NACA and its missions and projects were incorporated into the new agency. Other programs and facilities from existing agencies, most notably the Army’s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jpl\/jet-propulsion-laboratory-history\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"326661\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)<\/a> and Redstone Arsenal at Huntsville, Alabama (now the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/marshall-space-flight-center\/marshall-space-flight-center-history\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"177522\">Marshall Space Flight Center<\/a>), were also incorporated into NASA. Many of the NACA’s personnel took high level positions in NASA and were responsible for the earliest decisions regarding the human space program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Between its founding in 1915 and its incorporation into NASA in 1958, the NACA accomplished many technological feats. It was a major force for technological change in aeronautics. The NACA’s efforts were in a large part responsible for turning the American airplane from slow cloth-and-wood biplanes of the World War I era into the jets of today. The foundations of NASA and the success of its many missions rest squarely on the cornerstone of the NACA’s organizational and technical expertise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-nasa-blocks-encyclopedic-sidebar-column hds-column hds-encyclopedic-column hds-encyclopedic-sidebar-column\">\n<div style=\"height:95px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-pullquote maxw-full width-full margin-bottom-6 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-pullquote\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<svg class=\"color-international-orange tablet:square-3 square-3 margin-bottom-1\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 3000 3000\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g><path d=\"M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z\"><\/path><path d=\"M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<p class=\"p-md margin-top-0 margin-bottom-2 padding-0\">Hired fresh out of school with a minimum knowledge of aerodynamics and little practical experience of any kind, the majority of these early Langley researchers learned nearly everything on the job.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-pullquote-quote display-flex flex-align-center flex-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-pullquote-thumbnail margin-right-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper width-full ratio-1x1 radius-pill overflow-hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430722main_naca_vdt_full.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A quartet of NACA staff conduct tests on airfoils in the Variable Density Tunnel.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430722main_naca_vdt_full.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430722main_naca_vdt_full.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430722main_naca_vdt_full.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/430722main_naca_vdt_full.jpg?resize=200,200 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-pullquote-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"color-carbon-60 label-inter line-height-sm\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJames R. Hansen\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"color-carbon-60 p-sm margin-0 line-height-sm\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHistorian\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The NACA at 100\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IIRc_aIGEWc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-card-carousel padding-x-4 padding-y-5 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-card-carousel\">\t<div class=\"hds-card-carousel-header grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-3\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"section-heading-sm line-height-sm\">More About the NACA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col display-flex flex-align-center desktop:flex-justify-end\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"hds-card-carousel-cards grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hds-cards-included position-relative  hds-card-type-topic hds-card-type-article hds-card-type-topic hds-card-type-article hds-card-type-topic hds-card-type-article hds-card-type-topic hds-card-type-article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev margin-left-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-carousel-slider\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/the-national-advisory-committee-for-aeronautics-naca\/\" class=\"hds-card-topic hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content padding-3\"><h3 class=\"heading-29 hds-topic-card-heading color-spacesuit-white\"><span>The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/h3><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"802\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=300,235 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=768,601 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=1024,802 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=400,313 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=600,470 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=900,705 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/airplanes-or-langleys-and-other-tales-of-the-naca\/\" class=\"hds-card-article-graphical hds-card-article hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content display-flex flex-column height-full padding-3\"><span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><svg class=\"square-2 margin-right-1 color-spacesuit-white-important\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><path d=\"M8 0C3.5 0-.1 3.7 0 8.2.1 12.5 3.6 16 8 16s8-3.6 8-8c0-4.5-3.6-8-8-8zm0 15.2C4 15.2.8 12 .8 8S4 .8 8 .8c3.9 0 7.2 3.2 7.2 7.1 0 4-3.2 7.3-7.2 7.3z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6 12 8 9.6l2.4 2.4V4H5.6v8z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"label color-spacesuit-white-important\">Article<\/span><\/span><div class=\"width-full margin-top-auto\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white\">9 min read<\/div><div class=\"margin-bottom-0\"><h3 class=\"heading-18 line-height-lg color-spacesuit-white\">“Airplanes” or “Langleys” and Other Tales of the NACA<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-thumbnail-hover-grow\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nasca-2015.jpg?resize=1200,801 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/history-publications-and-resources\/nasa-history-series\/naca-to-nasa-to-now\/\" class=\"hds-card-topic hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content padding-3\"><h3 class=\"heading-29 hds-topic-card-heading color-spacesuit-white\"><span>NACA to NASA to Now<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/h3><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?w=674\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg 938w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?resize=768,1167 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?resize=674,1024 674w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?resize=263,400 263w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?resize=395,600 395w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?resize=592,900 592w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/NACA-NASA-Now-cover.jpg?resize=790,1200 790w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/langley\/langley-research-center-naca-and-nasa-hall-of-honor\/\" class=\"hds-card-article-graphical hds-card-article hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content display-flex flex-column height-full padding-3\"><span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><svg class=\"square-2 margin-right-1 color-spacesuit-white-important\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><path d=\"M8 0C3.5 0-.1 3.7 0 8.2.1 12.5 3.6 16 8 16s8-3.6 8-8c0-4.5-3.6-8-8-8zm0 15.2C4 15.2.8 12 .8 8S4 .8 8 .8c3.9 0 7.2 3.2 7.2 7.1 0 4-3.2 7.3-7.2 7.3z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6 12 8 9.6l2.4 2.4V4H5.6v8z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"label color-spacesuit-white-important\">Article<\/span><\/span><div class=\"width-full margin-top-auto\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white\">2 min read<\/div><div class=\"margin-bottom-0\"><h3 class=\"heading-18 line-height-lg color-spacesuit-white\">Langley Research Center NACA and NASA Hall of Honor<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-thumbnail-hover-grow\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg 1033w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hangar_100_centennial.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-ames-unitary-plan-wind-tunnel\/nasa-ames-unitary-plan-wind-tunnel-history\/\" class=\"hds-card-topic hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content padding-3\"><h3 class=\"heading-29 hds-topic-card-heading color-spacesuit-white\"><span>NASA Ames Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel History<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/h3><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"801\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg 6000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=300,235 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=768,601 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=1024,801 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=1536,1202 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=2048,1603 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=400,313 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=600,470 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=900,704 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=1200,939 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AD06-0109-3.jpg?resize=2000,1565 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/an-elite-team-of-pilots-led-flight-research-at-nacas-cleveland-lab\/\" class=\"hds-card-article-graphical hds-card-article hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content display-flex flex-column height-full padding-3\"><span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><svg class=\"square-2 margin-right-1 color-spacesuit-white-important\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><path d=\"M8 0C3.5 0-.1 3.7 0 8.2.1 12.5 3.6 16 8 16s8-3.6 8-8c0-4.5-3.6-8-8-8zm0 15.2C4 15.2.8 12 .8 8S4 .8 8 .8c3.9 0 7.2 3.2 7.2 7.1 0 4-3.2 7.3-7.2 7.3z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6 12 8 9.6l2.4 2.4V4H5.6v8z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"label color-spacesuit-white-important\">Article<\/span><\/span><div class=\"width-full margin-top-auto\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white\">2 min read<\/div><div class=\"margin-bottom-0\"><h3 class=\"heading-18 line-height-lg color-spacesuit-white\">An Elite Team of Pilots Led Flight Research at NACA\u2019s Cleveland Lab<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-thumbnail-hover-grow\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"494\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg 2894w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=300,145 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=768,370 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=1024,494 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=1536,740 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=2048,987 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=400,193 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=600,289 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=900,434 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=1200,578 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/grc-1945-c-11397-b.jpg?resize=2000,964 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/from-hidden-to-modern-figures\/\" class=\"hds-card-topic hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content padding-3\"><h3 class=\"heading-29 hds-topic-card-heading color-spacesuit-white\"><span>From Hidden to Modern Figures<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg><\/h3><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?w=812\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?resize=238,300 238w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?resize=768,968 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?resize=812,1024 812w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?resize=317,400 317w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?resize=476,600 476w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?resize=714,900 714w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/lrc-1966-l06717-katherinejohnson.jpeg?resize=952,1200 952w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/from-the-naca-to-nasa-95-years-of-innovation-in-flight\/\" class=\"hds-card-article-graphical hds-card-article hds-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-5 \"><div class=\"hds-card-inner\"><div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper z-300 display-flex flex-direction-column flex-align-end flex-justify-end\"><div class=\"hds-card-content display-flex flex-column height-full padding-3\"><span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\"><svg class=\"square-2 margin-right-1 color-spacesuit-white-important\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\"><path d=\"M8 0C3.5 0-.1 3.7 0 8.2.1 12.5 3.6 16 8 16s8-3.6 8-8c0-4.5-3.6-8-8-8zm0 15.2C4 15.2.8 12 .8 8S4 .8 8 .8c3.9 0 7.2 3.2 7.2 7.1 0 4-3.2 7.3-7.2 7.3z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6 12 8 9.6l2.4 2.4V4H5.6v8z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"label color-spacesuit-white-important\">Article<\/span><\/span><div class=\"width-full margin-top-auto\"><div class=\"label margin-bottom-2 color-spacesuit-white\">4 min read<\/div><div class=\"margin-bottom-0\"><h3 class=\"heading-18 line-height-lg color-spacesuit-white\">From the NACA to NASA: 95 Years of Innovation in Flight<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hds-card-thumbnail hds-card-thumbnail-hover-grow\"><div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column z-200\"><\/div><figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/naca_testpilot_1600x1200_1600-1200.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NASA’s predecessor, the NACA, was established by Congress on March 3, 1915 to advance aeronautics research in the United States.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":80598,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"34","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":["34"],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[2671],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[11919],"coauthors":[8393],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"The National Advisory Committee for 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\/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/reference\/the-national-advisory-committee-for-aeronautics\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"index\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/lrc-naca-123-brewsterxf2a-2-22532.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-05-11T18:47:29Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"NASA History\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"NASA History\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Michele Ostovar\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":6,"featured_image":{"id":80598,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/lrc-naca-123-brewsterxf2a-2-22532.jpg","title":"lrc-naca-123-brewsterxf2a-2-22532","alt":"U.S. Navy Brewster Buffalo experimental aircraft","caption":"The U.S. Navy's Brewster Buffalo experimental aircraft is tested at Langley's full-size wind tunnel in 1938 during its drag-cleanup 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