{"id":258727,"date":"2023-03-27T10:42:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T14:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?p=258727"},"modified":"2023-09-08T15:35:02","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T19:35:02","slug":"gemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Gemini Pioneered the Technology Driving Today’s Exploration"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header\">\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">7 Min Read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGemini Pioneered the Technology Driving Today’s Exploration\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"841\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"Gemini 3 astronauts Gus Grissom and John Young sit in the Gemini spacecraft simulator\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 42% 31%; object-position: 42% 31%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=300,242 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=768,620 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=1024,827 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=400,323 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=600,485 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=900,727 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile desktop:padding-x-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><figcaption>On March 23, 1965, astronauts Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom and John W. Young participated in the first crewed Gemini flight, Gemini III.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Credits: <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/gemini\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"267802\">Project Gemini<\/a> is often referred to as the “bridge to the moon.” It spanned the period between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/project-mercury-2\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"274311\">Project Mercury<\/a>, America’s first efforts to determine if humans could survive in space, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/the-apollo-program\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"254332\">Apollo<\/a> lunar landing flights. Looking back across a half-century, Gemini proved to be a bridge to the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA’s two-man spaceflights demonstrated that astronauts could change their capsule’s orbit, remain in space for at least two weeks and work outside their spacecraft. They also pioneered rendezvous and docking with other spacecraft. All were essential skills to land on the moon and return safely to Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a span of 20 months from March 1965 to November 1966, NASA developed, tested and flew transformative capabilities and cutting-edge technologies that paved the way for not only Apollo, but the achievements of the space shuttle, building the International Space Station and setting the stage for human exploration of Mars.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Gus Grissom and John Young in silver spacesuits from the Gemini program\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 27%; object-position: 51% 27%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg 4907w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=300,246 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=768,629 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=1024,839 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=1536,1258 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=2048,1678 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=400,328 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=600,492 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=900,737 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=1200,983 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s64-19431c.jpg?resize=2000,1638 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Gus Grissom, left, and John Young are the prime crew for the Gemini III mission photographed on April 13, 1964.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>On May 25, 1961, three weeks after Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard a Mercury spacecraft, President John F. Kennedy challenged NASA and the nation to “land a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth” before the end of the decade of the 1960s. To develop the technology and experience from Mercury’s one-person flights to the Apollo missions, NASA proposed Project Gemini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The program was given its name from the Latin word for “twins,” as the new capsule would accommodate two pilots.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini-3a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"823\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini-3a.jpg?w=823\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Grissom and Young arrive at Launch Pad 19\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 27%; object-position: 51% 27%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini-3a.jpg 823w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini-3a.jpg?resize=300,183 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini-3a.jpg?resize=768,469 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini-3a.jpg?resize=400,244 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini-3a.jpg?resize=600,367 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 823px) 100vw, 823px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Cape Kennedy Air Force Station, Gemini III pilot John Young is followed by command pilot Gus Grissom as they walk to elevator at Launch Pad 19 for their three-orbit flight. The first mission of the Gemini spacecraft took place on March 23, 1965.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>A Mercury spacecraft weighed 3,000 pounds to seat one astronaut. By comparison, Gemini weighed 8,490. It had a large equipment module to carry increased consumables such as propellant for the Orbital Attitude and Maneuvering System (OAMS) thrusters that allowed the crew to change the spacecraft’s orbit, a requirement for rendezvous in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The heavier spacecraft required a larger launch vehicle. The 109-foot Titan II rocket would do the job with a first stage thrust of 430,000 pounds lifting off from Launch Pad 19 at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1297\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?w=1297\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 51% 27%; object-position: 51% 27%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg 1467w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=190,300 190w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=768,1213 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=648,1024 648w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=973,1536 973w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=1297,2048 1297w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=253,400 253w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=380,600 380w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=570,900 570w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=760,1200 760w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-20742.jpg?resize=1266,2000 1266w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1297px) 100vw, 1297px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Gemini Titan III lifts off Launch Pad 19 at 9:24 a.m. EST on March 23, 1965. The Gemini spacecraft “Molly Brown” boosted astronauts Gus Grissom and John Young on three orbits around the Earth.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Following the final Mercury flight in May of 1963, NASA’s Mission Control Center at the Cape also needed extensive modifications. For Gemini, additions to the facility almost doubled its capacities including four new consoles for a total of 10 flight controller stations in the operations control room.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1303\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg 2547w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=300,191 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=768,489 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=1024,652 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=1536,978 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=2048,1303 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=400,255 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=600,382 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=900,573 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=1200,764 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-64c-861.jpg?resize=2000,1273 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Formerly Mercury Control, NASA’s Mission Control Center underwent extensive modifications for Project Gemini. The additions to the facility almost doubled its capacities including four new consoles for a total of 10 consoles in the operations control room.\n<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In April 1964 and January 1965, two unpiloted missions were launched, clearing the way for the first astronauts to fly. Veteran Mercury astronaut<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-virgil-i-grissom\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"258537\"> Gus Grissom<\/a> was selected as command pilot, making him the first person traveling into space twice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Joining Grissom was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-john-w-young\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"272865\">John Young<\/a>, the first member of the second group of NASA pilots to fly in space. Young would go on to become the first person to make six spaceflights, including commanding Apollo 16 during which he walked on the moon. He also commanded STS-1, the first shuttle mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini III’s primary goal was to test the new, maneuverable spacecraft. In space, the crew members fired thrusters to change the shape of their orbit, shift their orbital plane slightly, and drop to a lower altitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA Test Conductor George Page would be one of those responsible for giving Gemini III the final go-ahead for flight on launch day. He offered high praise to the extensive team preparing for the crucial flight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“All phases of acceptance testing have gone very smoothly, and everything went according to schedule,” Page said. He attributed this smoothness to the teamwork and cooperation among NASA, the Department of Defense and contractor professionals responsible for various phases of the mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like many supporting the early days of human spaceflight, Page would serve in many key roles in future agency projects, including assignments as launch director for the first three space shuttle missions and, later, serving as deputy director of the Kennedy Space Center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the Titan II rocket roared to life on March 23, 1965, capsule communicator and fellow Mercury astronaut, Gordon Cooper, radioed, “You’re on your way, Molly Brown.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“Yeah man!” responded Grissom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shortly after splashdown on his sub-orbital Mercury mission, the hatch on Grissom’s capsule blew off prematurely. The astronaut jumped out and was rescued by a helicopter crew, but his spacecraft, Liberty Bell 7, sank. Molly Brown was a reference to a popular Broadway musical at the time, <em>The Unsinkable Molly Brown<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“Controllers report that all systems are looking good,” said, NASA Public Affairs commentator Paul Haney as the two-stage Titan boosted Grissom and Young to space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini III entered an orbit of 100 miles by 142 miles above the Earth. Nearing the end of the first orbit, while passing over the tracking station in Corpus Christi, Texas, Grissom and Young fired their OAMS engines for 1 minute, 14 seconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“They appear to be firing good,” said Young, confirming that the maneuver was going well. The change of velocity adjusted their orbit to 97 miles by 105 miles. A second burn 45 minutes later altered the orbital inclination by 0.02 degrees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This crucial maneuver was the first orbital change by any piloted spacecraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The revolutionary orbital maneuvering technology paved the way for rendezvous missions later in the Gemini Program and proved it was possible for a lunar module to lift off the moon and dock with the lunar orbiting command module for the trip home to Earth. It also meant spacecraft could be launched to rendezvous and dock with an orbiting space station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the earliest days of NASA spaceflight, the agency also has been a world leader in Earth and climate science research from this unique vantage point. During their three orbits, Grissom and Young took time to photograph and comment on the view from their perspective high above the Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1219\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg 4104w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=300,179 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=768,457 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=1024,610 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=1536,914 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=2048,1219 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=400,238 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=600,357 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=900,536 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=1200,714 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-18752.jpg?resize=2000,1191 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">During their three orbits, Grissom and Young took time to photograph the view from their perspective high above the Earth. This picture show cloud formations as Gemini III approached sunset during one of its three orbits.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>“Look at the sunrise,” Grissom said as they were completing their first orbit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“Yes, here comes the sunrise,” Young said. “Isn’t that beautiful?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“Aren’t you going to take any pictures?” asked Grissom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“I’ll get the camera out,” said Young.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After a busy first flight in the new spacecraft, the Gemini III crew fired the retrorockets 4 hours, 33 minutes after liftoff. While talking to the capsule communicator on the tracking ship, USNS Rose Knot Victor, Grissom reported that “All retrorockets fired normally.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grissom and Young splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean 19 minutes later. With the landing 52 miles short of the aircraft carrier, USS Intrepid, the crew of a U.S. Navy helicopter hoisted each astronaut aboard for the short trip to the ship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After being greeted by the Intrepid’s captain and crew, Grissom and Young received a telephone call from President Lyndon B. Johnson in which he congratulated the astronauts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“This nation has embarked on a bold program of space exploration and research which holds promise of rich rewards in many fields of American life,” the president said. “Our boldness is clearly indicated by the broad scope of our program and by our intent to send men to the moon within this decade.”<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1352\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Waiting for Recovery\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg 3032w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=300,198 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=768,507 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=1024,676 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=1536,1014 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=2048,1352 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=400,264 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=600,396 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=900,594 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=1200,792 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/s65-22893.jpg?resize=2000,1320 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Gemini III pilot John Young waits in a life raft to be picked up by a helicopter during recovery operations following the successful three-orbit mission. Young and command pilot Gus Grissom were flown by helicopter to the nearby recovery aircraft carrier, the USS Intrepid.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In a letter sent shortly after the mission to Kennedy Space Center Director, Dr. Kurt Debus, Grissom and Young praised those supporting the new program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“Credit for the success for this Gemini flight\u2014or any spaceflight for that matter\u2014cannot be given to one person,” Grissom and Young wrote. “It belongs to the thousands of dedicated men and women, many of whom work at the Kennedy Space Center, whose combined efforts made our space accomplishments possible.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>By Bob Granath<\/em><br><em>NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>EDITOR’S NOTE: This is the first in a series of feature articles marking the 50<sup>th<\/sup> anniversary of Project Gemini. During 1965 and 1966, <\/em><em>NASA developed many innovative solutions that dramatically advanced the agency\u2019s capabilities for living and working in space. <\/em><em>In June, read about Gemini IV and learning to walk in space.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&text=Gemini%20Pioneered%20the%20Technology%20Driving%20Today%26%238217%3Bs%20Exploration&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fgemini%2Fgemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fgemini%2Fgemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fgemini%2Fgemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Sep 08, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/\">Gemini<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/gemini-iii-crew-april-1964\/\">Gemini III<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-john-w-young\/\">John W. Young<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-virgil-i-grissom\/\">Virgil I. Grissom<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/spacelab-1-a-model-for-international-cooperation\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?resize=300,237 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?resize=768,608 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?resize=1024,810 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?resize=400,317 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?resize=600,475 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?resize=900,712 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/spacelab-1-mission-payload-specialists.jpg?resize=1200,950 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">9 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Spacelab 1: A Model for International Cooperation<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t7 months ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/apollo\/apollo-17\/remembering-gene-cernan\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=150&h=150&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=300&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=768&h=768&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1024&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=50&h=50&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=100&h=100&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=200&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=400&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=600&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=900&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Remembering Gene Cernan<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 year ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/45-years-ago-nasa-names-the-first-four-space-shuttle-crews\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1270\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1270&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1270&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=300&h=198&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=768&h=508&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=1024&h=677&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1016&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=400&h=265&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=600&h=397&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=900&h=595&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/S78-27531\/S78-27531~large.jpg?w=1200&h=794&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">45 Years Ago: NASA Names the First Four Space Shuttle Crews<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">On March 16, 1978, NASA formally announced the crews for the first four space shuttle...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 year ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA History<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"983\" height=\"1223\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?w=983\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg 983w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=241,300 241w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=768,956 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=823,1024 823w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=322,400 322w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=482,600 482w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=723,900 723w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/as11-40-5903_alt2.jpg?resize=965,1200 965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 983px) 100vw, 983px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/gemini\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Project Gemini<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg 5449w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=900,900 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss20-iss-evas-white-eva-s65-30431.jpeg?resize=2000,2000 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/astronauts\/former-astronauts\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Former Astronauts<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1874\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1874&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1874&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=300&h=293&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=768&h=750&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=1024&h=999&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1499&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=50&h=49&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=400&h=390&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=600&h=586&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=900&h=878&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as11-40-5903\/as11-40-5903~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1171&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/kennedy\/kennedy-space-center-history\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Kennedy Space Center History<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1043\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg 5549w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=300,204 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=768,521 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=1024,695 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=1536,1043 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=2048,1390 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=400,272 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=600,407 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=900,611 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=1200,815 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/21-s64-14855.jpg?resize=2000,1358 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Project Gemini is often referred to as the “bridge to the moon.” It spanned the period between Project Mercury, America’s first efforts to determine if humans could survive in space, and the Apollo lunar landing flights. Looking back across a half-century, Gemini proved to be a bridge to the future. NASA’s two-man spaceflights demonstrated that [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":242030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2716,2949,3752,3557],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[11560],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Gemini Pioneered the Technology Driving Today’s Exploration","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg"},"articleSection":"Missions","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Bob Granath"}],"creator":["Bob Granath"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Humans in Space","Astronauts","Former Astronauts","Virgil I. Grissom","Gemini","Gemini III","John W. Young"],"dateCreated":"2023-03-27T14:42:10Z","datePublished":"2023-03-27T14:42:10Z","dateModified":"2023-09-08T19:35:02Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Gemini Pioneered the Technology Driving Today’s Exploration\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-03-27T14:42:10Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Missions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Humans in Space,Astronauts,Former Astronauts,Virgil I. Grissom,Gemini,Gemini III,John W. Young\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Bob Granath\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":7,"time_ago":"1 year","featured_image":{"id":242030,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg","title":"Gemini 3 Mission","alt":"Gemini 3 astronauts Gus Grissom and John Young sit in the Gemini spacecraft simulator","caption":"On March 23, 1965, astronauts Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom and John W. Young participated in the first crewed Gemini flight, Gemini III."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258727"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=258727"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":504875,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258727\/revisions\/504875"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/242030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=258727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=258727"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=258727"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=258727"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=258727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}