Filed 7/28/14 In re Jacob R. CA2/8

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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION EIGHT

In re JACOB R., a Person Coming Under 

the Juvenile Court Law.

 B253645

 

LOS ANGELES COUNTY 

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND 

FAMILY SERVICES,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

JAIME R.,

Defendant and Appellant.

 (Los Angeles County

 Super. Ct. No. CK65836)

APPEAL from orders of the Los Angeles County Superior Court. 

Rudolph Diaz, Judge. Affirmed. 

Roni Keller, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Appellant. 

Office of the County Counsel, John F. Krattli, County Counsel, Dawyn R. 

Harrison, Assistant County Counsel and Peter Ferrera, Deputy County Counsel, for 

Respondent. 

______________________________
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Jaime R. (Father) challenges the termination of his parental rights and the 

summary denial of his request under Welfare and Institutions Code1section 388. 

We affirm the challenged orders.

FACTS

Jacob R. was born to Father and Cynthia M. (Mother) in 2011. A petition was 

filed under section 300, subdivision (b) on behalf of Jacob on December 29, 2011. 

It alleged Jacob tested positive for amphetamine at birth because Mother abused the drug

while she was pregnant with him. Mother’s two older children, Ruby R. and Matthew R., 

were also born with amphetamine or methamphetamine in their systems. Mother’s 

parental rights over Ruby were terminated on March 27, 2008. Matthew was removed 

from Mother’s custody in 2011, and ultimately adopted. 

As to Father, it was alleged that he “knew or reasonably should have known of the 

mother’s substance abuse, and failed to protect the child. The mother’s substance abuse, 

and the father’s failure to protect the child, endangers the child’s physical health and 

safety, creates a detrimental home environment, and places the child at risk of physical 

harm, damage, danger and failure to protect.” It was further alleged that Father “is 

unable to provide care and supervision of the child. The father’s inability to provide 

ongoing care and supervision of the child, endangers the child’s physical health and 

safety, and places the child at risk of physical harm, damage and danger.” 

Jacob was placed with a foster family after Mother and Father gave their consent 

to the Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) to detain him. 

Father told the social worker that he had never used drugs and was “clueless” when it 

came to drugs. As a result, he would not know if Mother was under the influence. He 

stated he was not able to care for the baby because there was not enough room for the 

baby in the room he rented with Mother. Mother explained Father has never seen her use 

methamphetamines, but he knows she uses because sometimes when he comes home, she 

is high. At those times, he just gives her a “bad look” and other times he does not say 

 

1 All further section references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless 

otherwise specified.
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anything. DCFS concluded Jacob should not be released to Father “until he is able to 

obtain appropriate housing and secure child care arrangements by a family member 

coming from Mexico.” 

At the December 29, 2011 detention hearing, the juvenile court found a prima 

facie case had been made for detaining Jacob because substantial danger existed to his 

physical or emotional health and there was no reasonable means to protect him without 

removal. The juvenile court permitted reasonable monitored visits for both parents and 

ordered the parents to receive substance abuse and individual counseling. Father failed to 

visit Jacob during this period because he had neither the time nor the money to go. 

Additionally, DCFS was unable to reach him until February 2012. 

On March 29, 2012, Father informed the children’s social worker he planned to 

have Jacob live with Maria Vasquez, someone he knew from Mexico, and he would visit

Jacob when he could. Father explained, “The reason for this is because my home is not 

in a condition to have a baby live here. Also, I will be working all the time and I cannot 

take care of him.” Mother disagreed with Father’s intention to allow Vasquez to take 

care of Jacob. 

On April 3, 2012, the children’s social worker visited Father and Mother’s home. 

It was a studio attached to a garage that was cluttered with belongings and had no 

bathroom. Father stated that he had an unassembled bassinet for the baby, but his plan 

was for Jacob to live with Vasquez. Father planned to visit him every day. When the 

social worker contacted Vasquez, she stated she could not take care of Jacob because she 

was in the process of moving. Further, she lived with her husband and two daughters, 

who had three children of their own. 

On April 24, 2012, Father informed the social worker that he really wanted 

custody of Jacob and was willing to cooperate. Mother affirmed she was willing to move 

out of the home, though it was unclear whether she had a place to go. As a result, the 

social worker expressed some concerns about Father’s ability to keep Mother out of the 

home if Jacob was released to his custody. As of May 14, 2012, the social worker noted

Mother was still living with Father and did not have any other place to stay. Maria 
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Valencia,2Father’s proposed day care provider, submitted to live-scan on April 26, 2012. 

She indicated Father could rent a room in her home and she was willing to look after 

Jacob while Father was at work. 

Jacob’s foster mother reported on January 27, 2012, that Jacob was experiencing 

severe drug withdrawal, demonstrated by excessive crying and fussiness. She also noted 

that he did not make eye contact and did not smile. At the disposition hearing on May 

21, 2012, the juvenile court found by clear and convincing evidence that there existed 

substantial danger to Jacob and there was no reasonable means to protect him without 

removal from the parents’ custody. The juvenile court also set a permanency plan 

hearing for November 19, 2012. Family reunification services were ordered along with 

individual counseling. Mother and Father were granted monitored visits. 

On May 1, 2012, Jacob was moved to respite care at a different foster home. 

His foster mother indicated to DCFS that they were willing to adopt Jacob if he was not 

reunited with Father. By September 2012, Jacob was bonding well with his foster mother 

and was on track developmentally. 

In the November 19, 2012 status review, Father reported to DCFS that he was 

willing to comply with the court’s order to gain custody of Jacob. He was no longer 

involved with Mother and was now renting a room with a roommate, who planned to 

move out after he obtained custody of Jacob. Because he worked one mile from Jacob’s 

placement, Father was able to visit with Jacob five times in October 2012 and once a 

month from July to September 2012. Father also began participating in parenting classes 

and counseling and obtained clean drug tests. As a result, DCFS requested unmonitored 

visits for Father, but the juvenile court refused. 

Jacob’s second foster family ultimately decided against adoption. His foster 

mother reported that Jacob was hyperactive, woke twice a night and cried and pulled his 

hair and ears. Meanwhile, Father completed a 20-class parenting course by March 18, 

2013, and 15 sessions with a therapist. Father’s therapist characterized his progress in 

 

2

It is unclear whether this is the same woman as Maria Vasquez, who had earlier 

stated she was unable to care for Jacob.
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developing a trusting relationship, increasing awareness of co-dependency issues, 

addressing substance abuse issues and improving parenting skills as “fair.” Father 

continued to visit with Jacob on a weekly basis and wanted Jacob returned to his custody. 

The visits with Father usually went well though there were a few visits when Jacob cried 

because he did not want to be there. 

At the six month review hearing on January 15, 2013, the juvenile court

terminated family reunification services for Father. The court concluded it was in 

Jacob’s best interest to select a permanent plan. Jacob was placed with another foster 

family and was doing well as of February 27, 2013. Jacob’s new foster mother indicated 

that she was willing to adopt him and permit post-adoption contact with Father. The 

adoptive home was large with an ample backyard. The home study was completed and 

approved on August 20, 2013. DCFS concluded it was likely Jacob would be adopted if 

parental rights were terminated. On October 24, 2013, Jacob was hospitalized due to a 

high fever and a seizure. His pediatrician and neurologist indicated Jacob’s condition 

was hereditary and he would grow out of it by age six. The foster mother indicated Jacob 

sometimes woke up crying inconsolably as a result of his condition. His condition also 

delayed a scheduled tonsillectomy. 

A permanent plan hearing was set for November 14, 2013. That day, Father filed 

a section 388 request to change the July 11, 2013 order placing Jacob in foster care. 

Father requested Jacob either be placed with him or that Father be afforded a chance for a 

period of reunification. Father stated in his petition he participated in individual 

counseling and parenting courses, provided consistently clean drug tests, had stable 

employment and a residence, and visited regularly and appropriately. The juvenile court 

summarily denied the section 388 request because it failed to state a change of 

circumstances and the proposed order did not promote the best interest of the child. 

At the permanency hearing, Father testified he visited Jacob every Friday and 

would have liked to visit more. He complained he only had about an hour with Jacob 

although it took him an hour and a half to get to the location. Father stated Jacob played 

with him and the toys Father brought to the visits. Father also confirmed two of his 
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cousins said they would take care of Jacob. However, Father appeared unaware of the 

extent of Jacob’s medical and developmental issues. Indeed, Father only knew that Jacob 

had been in the hospital twice, but did not know whether Jacob had any special needs. 

The juvenile court found by clear and convincing evidence that Jacob was 

adoptable and that it would be detrimental for Jacob to be returned to the parents. It 

reasoned, “I don’t believe that the relationship that the father has with the child at this 

time is the appropriate and significant parent/child relationship. [¶] I note that this child 

who has been in the care of the prospective adopting parent has taken the child on 

numerous appointments regarding his medical conditions of which Father’s had very very 

little involvement. [¶] I think he is aware and he indicates that he was at the hospital on 

a recent occasion, but this child needs a lot of attention and care, and I think that the 

current caretaker has given a significant amount of that and has demonstrated the parental 

child relationship that I believe is more significant than the father’s relationship with the 

child.” Father’s and Mother’s parental rights were terminated. Father timely appealed. 

DISCUSSION

I. Section 388 Petition

Father’s primary contention on appeal is that the juvenile court erred when it

summarily denied his section 388 petition to have Jacob returned to his custody or to 

continue reunification services. Father contends he made a prima facie showing to 

warrant a hearing on the merits. We disagree. 

Any parent or other person having an interest in the dependent child, including the 

child himself, may petition under section 388 to change, modify or set aside an order 

previously made by the juvenile court. (§ 388, subd. (a).) If the allegations of the 

petition, liberally construed, do not make a prima facie showing of changed 

circumstances and that the proposed change would promote the best interests of the child, 

the juvenile court may summarily deny the petition without a hearing on the petition. 

(In re Edward H. (1996) 43 Cal.App.4th 584, 592-594; In re Jamika W. (1997) 54 

Cal.App.4th 1446, 1450-1451.) Thus, the test for whether a hearing is warranted on a 

section 388 petition is two pronged: the petitioner must make a prima facie showing that 
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(1) new evidence or changed circumstances exist, and (2) the proposed change would be 

in the best interests of the children. (In re Zachary G. (1999) 77 Cal.App.4th 799, 806.) 

The denial of a hearing on a section 388 petition is reviewed for abuse of discretion. 

(In re Brittany K. (2005) 127 Cal.App.4th 1497, 1505.)

We find the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in determining Father failed

to show changed circumstances or Jacob’s best interests. Father’s declaration in support 

of his request stated he “[has] had the longest and most important relationship with” 

Jacob. Father also asserted, “I have continued in therapy, with random alcohol and drug 

testing, finished a parenting class. I have regularly visited my son.” Father submitted a 

certificate of participation for 20 parenting classes as well as his regular attendance in 

alcoholics anonymous meetings from September 30, 2013 to November 10, 2013. 

Additionally, a progress report from Pomona Open Door counseling showed Father

attended 9 out of 20 of his required sessions and was estimated to complete them by 

January 29, 2014. The therapist commented that Father “has shown much improvement 

in his classes” and “appears to be benefitting from the Outpatient Program. [Father] 

participates appropriately during discussions and attends class on a regular basis. 

Overall attitude at this time is satisfactory.” This evidence, according to Father, 

sufficiently demonstrates a change of circumstances and the child’s best interest to trigger 

a full hearing. Not so.

In re Hashem H. (1996) 45 Cal.App.4th 1791, a case relied upon by Father, is 

instructive regarding the showing required for a full hearing under section 388. There, 

the child was removed from his mother’s custody because her numerous emotional and 

mental problems prevented her from regularly caring for the child. (Id. at p. 1793.) Prior 

to the contested section 366.26 hearing, the mother filed a section 388 petition. It alleged 

as changed circumstances: “1. I have regularly and consistently participated in therapy 

with Dr. Barbara Ammon for over year and half to such a successful degree that 

Dr. Ammon has recommended in letter attached as Exhibit A and incorporated as 

reference a return to my custody. 2. I have regularly consistently visited my son since 

detain [sic] and had visits every weekend since 5-4-94 to 12-1-94 when I got every other 
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weekend and since then have had also overnight during the week. [¶] 3. I have 

participated in conjoint counseling with my son and Dr. Ammon. [¶] 4. I plan to 

continue in counseling with Dr. Ammon when [my] son is returned for conjoint and 

continue to have my son continue in his individual counseling. [¶] 5. I have a job and 

attend many religious functions. [¶] 6. I am ready, able, willing to provide for my son on 

a full-time basis and to be a mother to him in every sense of the word. [¶] 7. I also plan 

to continue in my individual counseling since I feel it has helped tremendously in my 

relationship with my son.” (Id. at p. 1797.) In further support of her petition, the mother 

submitted a letter from her therapist recommending the child be returned to her custody. 

The therapist opined the mother had successfully worked on issues which increased her 

ability to handle difficulties and there was no reason to believe she could not provide 

adequate food, shelter, and supervision on a full time basis for the child. (Ibid.)

The differences between the showing made in In re Hashem H. and Father’s 

petition are obvious. Father’s petition demonstrates he made an effort to participate in 

court-ordered classes and therapy, nothing more. All of the progress reports and 

participation logs show Father’s involvement in the two months before his petition was 

filed. Although Father’s counselor indicated he showed “much improvement” in the 

classes, Father completed less than half of the required classes by the time of his petition. 

Importantly, there was no indication Father addressed the issues identified by the juvenile

court in its case plan, such as caring for a drug exposed baby. Further, Father failed to 

show how he can take care of Jacob while he is at work or even where they would live. 

His statement that he regularly visited Jacob failed to show any progress from monitored 

visits to unmonitored visits or overnight visits. Unlike In re Hashem H., there was no 

indication how his participation in classes and regular monitored visits resulted in 

changed circumstances or the best interest of the child. 

At best, Father’s petition demonstrates changing circumstances. “A petition which 

alleges merely changing circumstances and would mean delaying the selection of a 

permanent home for a child to see if a parent, who has repeatedly failed to reunify with 

the child, might be able to reunify at some future point, does not promote stability for the 
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child or the child’s best interests.” (In re Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 38, 47.) 

“A mere prima facie showing of changing – we hesitate to say, “changed” –

circumstances was not enough to require or justify a hearing on return of the child to 

[him] after two years. [Citation.]” (In re Baby Boy L. (1994) 24 Cal.App.4th 596, 610.)

Father’s reliance on In re Kimberly F. (1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 519, is misplaced. 

In re Kimberly F. provided three factors to be considered in evaluating whether a section 

388 petition has sufficiently demonstrated the best interests of the child. (Id. at p. 531.) 

It says nothing about the first prong of a prima facie showing under section 388 –

changed circumstances. Even if we accept that In re Kimberly F. supports a finding that 

Father made a prima facie showing of the best interest of the child, he has still not

fulfilled the requirement to show changed circumstances, as discussed above.

II. Termination of Parental Rights

Father also challenges the juvenile court’s order terminating parental rights, 

contending “[i]t was error in violation of Constitutional guarantees to due process of law, 

and rights to liberty, privacy and free association to terminate [Father’s] parental rights.” 

We find no error. 

Father fails to explain how his rights have been violated beyond vague references 

to a parent’s fundamental interest in the care, companionship, and custody of his children. 

Indeed, Father was granted six months of reunification services as specified in section 

361.53and there is no contention they were inadequate. The juvenile court, at the section 

366.21, subdivision (e) review hearing on January 15, 2013, found by a preponderance of 

 

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Section 361.5, subdivision (a)(1)(B) provides: “For a child who, on the date of 

initial removal from the physical custody of his or her parent or guardian, was under three 

years of age, court-ordered services shall be provided for a period of six months from the 

dispositional hearing as provided in subdivision (e) of Section 366.21, but no longer than 

12 months from the date the child entered foster care as provided in Section 361.49 

unless the child is returned to the home of the parent or guardian.” Subdivision (a)(3) of 

section 361.5 further provides that efforts to provide reunification services may be 

terminated after six months if the parent fails to participate regularly in any court-ordered 

treatment programs or to cooperate or avail himself of services provided as part of the 

child welfare services case plan. 
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the evidence that returning Jacob to Father’s custody would create a substantial risk of 

detriment and terminated family reunification services for Father. It concluded it was in 

Jacob’s best interest to set a hearing to select a permanent plan of adoption, guardianship,

or other planned permanent living arrangement. The juvenile court also found by clear 

and convincing evidence that it was likely Jacob will be adopted. Under section 366.26, 

subdivision (c)(1), the juvenile court must terminate parental rights if it finds the child 

will likely be adopted, unless it would be detrimental to the child based on one of several 

statutory exceptions. (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B).) Father does not contend any of the 

statutory exceptions apply or that the juvenile court failed to follow the law in making its

findings and orders. 

Instead, Father contends DCFS searched for reasons to justify keeping Jacob from 

him. Father asserts, “Once [Father] separated from the mother, severing his relationship 

with her [], Jacob should have been placed with [father] as any threat to Jacob’s wellbeing as defined by the allegations sustained under section 300 which conferred 

jurisdiction on the juvenile court had been cured by the mother’s absence from the family 

home. Rather, Jacob was held in foster care beyond the need to protect him from the 

risks defined by section 300, so that he could be adopted by the foster mother with a 

spacious family home with a backyard and a job that afforded her family leave.” 

The allegations sustained in the section 300 petition refute Father’s argument. 

The allegations against Father were two-fold: (1) he failed to protect Jacob from 

Mother’s substance abuse and (2) he was “unable to provide care and supervision of the 

child. The father’s inability to provide ongoing care and supervision of the child, 

endangers the child’s physical health and safety, and places the child at risk of physical 

harm, damage and danger.” Thus, it was not the case that only Mother stood between 

Jacob and his return to Father’s custody. Father failed to show any progress in providing 

care and supervision of Jacob. 

A parent’s rights to the care and companionship of her child are, of course, 

compelling. But the child’s rights to a stable and loving family are equally compelling. 

The balance between the parent’s and the child’s rights shifts after the child has been 
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removed from the parent’s home for a substantial time, owing to abuse or neglect by the 

parent, and the parent has failed to correct the problems which led to the removal. (In re 

Marilyn H. (1993) 5 Cal.4th 295, 307.) Accordingly, under California law, after 

reunification services are terminated in a dependency proceeding, the focus of the court’s 

concern shifts from assisting the parent in reunification with the child to securing a stable 

new home for the child. (Ibid.)

By the time of the section 366.26 hearing, Jacob was nearly three years old and 

had never lived with either of his parents. Indeed, he had never had unmonitored or 

overnight visits with Father. There is no indication in the record that any of Father’s 

proposed caretakers were willing or able to care for Jacob while he worked. There is also 

no indication that Father was able to provide the level of care necessary to raise a child 

with Jacob’s issues. Indeed, Father himself admitted he was unaware of Jacob’s many 

health issues and developmental delays. Given these circumstances, termination of 

parental rights was not error. 

DISPOSITION

The challenged orders terminating Father’s parental rights and summarily denying 

his section 388 petition are affirmed.

BIGELOW, P.J.

We concur:

RUBIN, J.

FLIER, J.