NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
MICHAEL KIEFFER,

Plaintiff

- Appellant,

v. TRACTOR SUPPLY COMPANY, a Delaware Corporation,

Defendant

- Appellee. No. 19

- 15893
D.C. No. 4:17

- cv - 00108

- FRZ

MEMORANDUM *

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Arizona Frank R. Zapata, District Judge, Presiding Submitted June 2, 2020 * * Seattle, Washington Before: GOULD, BEA, and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges. Michael Kieffer appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to his former employer, Tractor Supply Company (“TSC”), on his sex discrimination claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e

– 2000e

-

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36

- 3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 

# FILED

JUN 5 2020 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS2

17. We have j urisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
Kieffer sued TSC alleging that he was terminated because his manager wanted to replace him with a woman. The district court correctly granted TSC summary judgment because Kieffer failed to establish that he was subjected to disparate treatment on account of his sex. “We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo.” Ridgeway v. Walmart, Inc. , 946 F.3d 1066, 1077 (9th Cir. 2020) (citing Vasquez v. Cty. of L.A. , 349 F.3d 634, 639 , as amended (Jan. 2, 2004) )

. We must “determine whether, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, there are any genuine issues of material fact and whether the district court correctly applied the relevant substantive law.” Mi t chell v. Washington , 818 F.3d 436, 442

– 43 (9th Cir. 2016) (quoting Lopez v. Smith , 203 F.3d 1122, 1131 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc)).
To prevail in his Title VII case, Kieffer must first “ establish a prima facie
case of discrimination , ” Vasquez , 349 F.3d at 640 , by introducing sufficient “evidence that ‘give[s] rise to an inference of unlawful discrimination , ’” Reynaga v. Roseburg For est Prods. , 847 F.3d 678, 690 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting Sischo

– Now nejad v. Merced Cmty. Coll. Di st. , 934 F.2d 110 4, 1110 (9th Cir. 1991) , superseded on other grounds as recognized by Dominguez

- Curry v. Nev. Transp. Dep ’ t , 424 F.3d 1027, 1041 (9th Cir. 2005) )

. He can give rise to such an inference3

either “ through direct or circumstantial evidence of discriminatory in tent, ” Cordova v. State Farm Ins. Cos. , 124 F.3d 1145, 11 50 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting
Sischo

- Nownejad , 934 F.2d at 1111) , or through the framework set forth in
McDonnel l Douglas Corp. v. Green , 411 U.S. 792 , 802

– 04 (1973). He fails to do

so on either front.
1. Kieffer first points to a declaration by his co

- worker, Victorya Smith, as “direct evidence” of discrimination. In her declaration, Smith claims overhearing Kieffer’s former supervisor, Rob Hardy, confessi ng to another employee that he planned to replace Kieffer in his Store Manager role with Assistant Store Manager Susan Tefft because “Susan, being a woman, will do a lot of good for this
store.” Kieffer argues that this statement “ can only mean ” that ge nder motivated Kieffer’s termination. But even if this purported conversation occurred as Smith recounts, it is not direct evidence of discrimination because it requires us to infer a discriminatory motive. See Vasquez , 349 F.3d at 640 (“Direct evidence i s ‘evidence which, if believed, proves the fact [of discriminatory animus] without inference or presumption.’” (quoting Godwin v. Hunt Wesson, Inc. , 150 F.3d 1217, 1221 (9th Cir. 1998)) )

. In other words, that Hardy believed Tefft would do a lot of good to the store because she is a woman says nothing about whether he fired Kieffer because he is a man, unless we draw several inferences in Kieffer’s
favor.4

2. Kieffer also alleges that Hardy schemed to replace him with Tefft because Hardy had a “romanti c” and “friendly and physical relationship” with
her. In other words, Kieffer argues that “Hardy favored his paramour, Susan Tefft.” But Kieffer does not offer “direct evidence” that Tefft was Hardy’s “paramour.” The only evidence of a purported sexual or romantic relationship between Hardy and Tefft is, again, Kieffer’s and Smith’s self

- serving
declarations. See generally Nigro v. Sears Roebuck & Co. , 784 F.3d 495, 497 (9th Cir. 2015) ( holding that “a self

- serving declaration does not always create a
g enuine issue of material fact for summary judgment: The district court can disregard a self

- serving declaration that states only conclusions and not facts that would be admissible evidence” ). Even if we take these declarations as true, as we must, at best they constitute circumstantial evidence that Tefft had a romantic
interest in Hardy

. T hey do not show that Tefft and Hardy had a romantic or sexual relationship that motivated Hardy to fire Kieffer to promote Tefft

. Again, to find that these declarations constitute “direct evidence” of discrimination would require us to draw several inferences in Kieffer’s favor. Vasquez , 349 F.3d at 640.
3. Having failed to adduce direct evidence to make out a prima facie case of discrimination, Kieffer must proceed under the McDonnell Douglas
framework

. See Villiarimo v. Aloha Island Air, Inc. , 281 F.3d 1054, 1062 (9th Cir. 2002) (“[T]o show disparate treatment under Title VII [a plaintiff] . . . must show5

that (1) [ ] he belon gs to a protected class; (2) [ ] he was qualified for the position; (3) [ ] he was subjected to an adverse employment action; and (4) similarly situated [wo ] men were treated more favorably, or [ his ] position was filled by a [ wo ] man .” (citing McDonnel l Douglas , 411 U.S. at 802))

. Here, Kieffer fails to raise a triable issue of material fact as to the second
and fourth factors of the McDonnell Douglas framework because the record unequivocally establishes that Kieffer failed to perform his duties satisfactorily

. He consistently received negative ratings and failed to demonstrate any improvement, violated company policy by instructing his staff to bring issues directly to him rather than reporting them to Human Resources, and borrowed company property for personal use without permission. Similarly, Kieffer offers no evidence that female store managers with the same or similar poor ratings, who violated company policy and borrowed company property without p ermission,
were not terminated. See Vasquez , 349 F.3d at 641 (“[I]ndividuals are similarly situated when they have similar jobs and display similar conduct

. ”); Wall v. Nat ’ l R.R. Passenger Corp. , 718 F.2d 906, 909 (9th Cir. 1983) ( affirming district court
where plaintiff did not show that he was treated less favorably than similarly situated employees because other employees had no disciplinary record and were thus not similarly situated). Accordingly, Kieffer also fails to make a prima facie
case of sex

- based discrimination under the McDonnell Douglas test.6

AFFIRMED.