{"id":96263,"date":"2022-03-21T17:19:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T21:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-478136"},"modified":"2023-09-26T21:28:02","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T01:28:02","slug":"ames-contributions-to-the-x-59-quiet-supersonic-technology-aircraft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/armstrong\/ames-contributions-to-the-x-59-quiet-supersonic-technology-aircraft\/","title":{"rendered":"Ames’ Contributions to the X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology Aircraft"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>A faster-than-sound airplane generates sonic thumps so quiet that people on the ground might not hear anything at all.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/x-59-assembly-presses\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"694\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Artist concept of the X-59 taking off from the runway.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 48% 100%; object-position: 48% 100%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/takeoff_001-150-10x6-1.jpg?resize=900,600 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">An illustration of\u00a0the X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology (QueSST) aircraft in flight.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\"><em>Lockheed Martin<\/em><\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Not much has changed in commercial aircraft design and technology for the last 50 years. That\u2019s about to \u2026 well \u2026 change thanks to efforts to design future commercial aircraft capable of hushing sonic booms to a mere thump as they fly faster than the speed of sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Supersonic travel is as cool as it sounds. Imagine flying aboard an aircraft cruising faster than the speed of sound, cutting your coast-to-coast travel time in half. Currently such a thing only exists in the dreams of aircraft designers. And while no passenger will ride aboard NASA\u2019s X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/X59\/\" rel=\"noopener\">QueSST<\/a>, the experimental aircraft is bringing the agency ever closer to making the quiet commercial supersonic travel over land a reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley has decades of experience researching supersonic flight, including numerous efforts under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/aavp\/cst\" rel=\"noopener\">Commercial Supersonic Technology<\/a> project, or CST \u2013 a lot of which has gone into the unique design of the X-59. These efforts cover several areas related to supersonic research, including the use of cutting-edge visualization technology to study shockwaves, and use of unique wind tunnels, supercomputing facilities, and systems engineering expertise. These are but a few of the many areas of research into realizing the goal of CST and of the X-59 QueSST, which includes the eventual demonstration of quiet supersonic flight over land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Computational Fluid Dynamics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The image shows a moment from a computational fluid dynamics simulation of the X-59 aircraft concept during supersonic flight.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png 2400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/sc20_lava.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This image captures a moment from a computational fluid dynamics simulation of the X-59 aircraft concept during supersonic flight. Visualizations like this help researchers determine which surface features of the aircraft are generating shockwaves, which contribute to the sonic boom noise below the aircraft. The colors shown on the aircraft indicate surface pressure, with lower pressures in blue and higher pressures in red. The colors shown in the airspace surrounding the aircraft indicate airflow velocity, ranging from blue, indicating zero velocity to higher velocities in red. All X-59 simulations completed by the team at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley have been performed on the Pleiades supercomputer at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing facility.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA\/James C. Jensen<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>As Lockheed Martin Skunk Works in Palmdale, California, finalized the X-59 airplane\u2019s design, they ran their ideas using an Ames-developed high-resolution, 3D simulation software on multiple supercomputers at Ames \u2013 the Pleiades, Electra, and Endeavour. Recent improvements in the software have enabled engineers to get simulation data about the flight characteristics and noise levels even faster \u2013 sometimes five times as fast. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With no X-59 flight data <em>\u2013<\/em> yet <em>\u2013 <\/em>computer simulation is the next best thing to build confidence in the predictions for its supersonic performance. Teams at Ames and NASA\u2019s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, worked together to ensure that multiple software codes would make similar predictions about how loud the X-59 will be in different environments. For example, they know the boom\u2019s loudness changes based on the cloud cover and humidity of the areas below a flight path, and can give the pilot information in the cockpit that can help guide the aircraft to areas where the boom may be quieter. Computational fluid dynamics simulations also create visualizations of the X-59 aircraft concept and help researchers determine which features of the aircraft generate shockwaves that contribute to the sonic thump sound below the aircraft. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA is working closely with Lockheed Martin to create a large database of computational fluid dynamics simulations to verify the aircraft\u2019s supersonic performance. The database includes simulations for all possible combinations of settings that a pilot uses to control the aircraft and the flight conditions that may be encountered. This database is crucial for supplying data for a flight-planning tool that is being used to assist and teach pilots how to fly the X-59, before it even flies. From there, researchers can determine the best flight conditions to reduce noise when they begin piloted test flights over select U.S. cities. These flights also will provide opportunities to collect, verify, and validate data about community responses. NASA will share the data with U.S. and international regulators which will use it when considering new sound-based rules for supersonic flight over land. New rules could enable new commercial cargo and passenger markets in faster-than-sound air travel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wind Tunnel Testing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/deh_3138.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/deh_3138.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Don Durston, an aerospace engineer with a model supersonic aircraft, ready for testing in the 9- by 11-foot Unitary Wind Tunnel at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley. \" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Don Durston, an aerospace engineer with a model supersonic aircraft, ready for testing in the 9- by 7-foot Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA\/Dominic Hart<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Some researchers think of computational fluid dynamics as a virtual wind tunnel test. Luckily, Ames has run thousands of hours of supersonic tests using actual wind tunnels since the 1950s. The 9- by 7-foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel facility is part of the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel complex at Ames where generations of commercial and military aircraft and NASA space vehicles, including the space shuttle, have been designed and tested. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One way to make sure the X-59 will work as intended is to \u201cfly\u201d smaller versions of the real thing in a wind tunnel. While supersonic air flows over precisely crafted small models, engineers can take measurements of the pressure waves and be sure the plane behaves as expected. Some models measured as little as five inches long, while others stretched to more than six feet in length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But even in the 21st century, with all our technical know-how, measuring supersonic airflow over an airplane model in a wind tunnel is an uncertain process. Even running the same test with the same model can produce slightly different results on different days because the airflows in the tunnels are not perfect. Put the model in another wind tunnel and you\u2019ll get a slightly different version of the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is why Ames continues to contribute its expertise to wind tunnel operations in support of the X-59. Ames contracted a model-building company, Tri Models, Inc. of Huntington Beach, California, to design and fabricate a small 19\u2033-long model of the X-59 for sonic boom wind tunnel testing. The first test of this model took place in 2021, in NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/glenn\/home\/index.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Glenn Research Center<\/a>\u2018s 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel in Cleveland. The second test will take place in 2022 in the supersonic wind tunnels at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, or JAXA, under a recently-announced collaboration, which will allow researchers to compare results from tests of the same small-scale model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Systems Engineering<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Systems engineers are responsible for looking at all of the parts of a complex system and then figuring out how these parts can be interconnected. In short, they are looking at the big picture. Systems engineers are responsible for the design, setting and tracking the requirements, implementation and evaluation, technical management, operations, and end-life of a system. Without them, a project like X-59 won\u2019t leave the ground, much less the drawing page.         <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At Ames, systems engineers are focused on ensuring that the different systems such as the life support subsystem \u2013 that provides the pilot with oxygen \u2013 and the crew escape system \u2013 that would eject the pilot seat in case of an emergency \u2013 as well as systems for controlling the distribution of power and recording data are \u201ctalking\u201d to each other and working as intended. Additionally, mass, airworthiness, and qualification of flight components are managed and tracked by systems engineers at Ames.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Test Component Manufacturing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Engineers at Ames manufactured specialized mounts to test some of the X-59 Life Support Systems flight components one at a time in specialized test chambers at the Environmental Laboratory at NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/armstrong\/home\/index.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Armstrong Flight Research Center<\/a> in Edwards, California. The mounts enabled engineers to test how well Life Support System components performed under the vibration, pressures, and temperatures that the aircraft could experience. These parts are not on the final aircraft, but enabled engineers to qualify components for flight. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Milestones:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>NASA plans to deliver results of the community overflights to the International Civil Aviation Organization and Federal Aviation Administration in 2027. With that information in hand, regulators will be able to decide if a change should be made in rules that prohibit supersonic flight over land \u2013 a decision that would be expected in 2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA plans to fly the X-59 QueSST over select communities to gather information about how the public perceives the quiet noise the X-59 is designed to produce (early 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA will conduct acoustic validation flights (2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major ground testing will conclude in early 2022, leading to a target date for first flight (late 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA and JAXA agreed to take independent wind-tunnel measurements of the same small-scale model of the X-59, and compare results (2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA and Lockheed Martin completed the X-59 assembly (2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wind tunnel testing at Glenn (September 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Construction continued in earnest as the project passed its Critical Design Review in October 2019 and another key program management review (December 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The initial machined parts were delivered to Lockheed Martin Skunk Works (November 2018)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quiet Supersonic Flight series research campaign took place over Galveston, Texas (November 2018)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA completed the preliminary design review of its QueSST aircraft design. QueSST is the initial design stage of NASA\u2019s planned X-59 experimental airplane (June 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA selected a team led by Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company of Palmdale, California, to complete a preliminary design for QueSST. The work was conducted under a task order against the Basic and Applied Aerospace Research and Technology (BAART) contract at Langley. The Lockheed Martin team includes subcontractors GE Aviation of Cincinnati and Tri Models Inc. of Huntington Beach, California.  (February 2016)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA began a series of supersonic wind tunnel tests of Lockheed Martin\u2019s and Boeing\u2019s Phase I supersonic aircraft concepts using Ames\u2019 9- by 7-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel as part of the project\u2019s Experimental Systems Validations for N+2 Supersonic Commercial Transport Aircraft effort (2010 through 2013) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collaborators: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taken together, this mission work is spread across three projects within NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\" rel=\"noopener\">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate<\/a>. They include the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/aavp\/cst\" rel=\"noopener\">Commercial Supersonic Technology project<\/a> managed out of NASA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/langley\" rel=\"noopener\">Langley<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/iasp\/fdc\" rel=\"noopener\">Flight Demonstrations and Capabilities project<\/a> managed out of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/armstrong\/home\/index.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Armstrong<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/iasp\/lbfd\" rel=\"noopener\">Low Boom Flight Demonstrator project<\/a>, responsible for the X-59 aircraft itself, managed out of NASA Headquarters in Washington.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elements of NASA\u2019s Low-Boom Flight Demonstration mission are organized within two of the agency\u2019s aeronautics programs \u2014 the Advanced Air Vehicles Program and the Integrated Aviation Systems Program \u2014 and overseen by a mission integration office whose members span both programs and all four of NASA\u2019s aeronautical research field centers: Langley, Glenn, Ames, and Armstrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>X-59 also relies on the expertise of international collaborators at JAXA as well as contractors here at home, including Lockheed Martin, which is constructing the aircraft at its Skunk Works Facility in Palmdale, California, and a team of subcontractors at GE Aviation of Cincinnati and TriModels Inc. of Huntington Beach, California. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn more: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>NASA web special: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/specials\/X59\/\" rel=\"noopener\">X59<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA webpage: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/X59\" rel=\"noopener\">Low-Boom Flight Demonstration<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA image feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-feature\/ames\/model-planes-studying-nasa-s-quiet-supersonic-aircraft-before-it-flies\" rel=\"noopener\">Model Planes: Studying NASA\u2019s Quiet Supersonic Aircraft Before It Flies<\/a> (Feb. 3, 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA release: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/nasa-and-jaxa-to-work-together-on-testing-x-59-model\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA and JAXA to Work Together on Testing X-59 Model<\/a> (Feb. 17, 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA image feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/aeronautical-artwork-computer-simulation-or-both\" rel=\"noopener\">Aeronautical Artwork, Computer Simulation, or Both?<\/a> (Dec. 1, 2020)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA image feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-feature\/ames\/nasa-supercomputers-visualize-quieter-supersonic-flight\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Supercomputers Visualize Quieter Supersonic Flight<\/a> (Nov. 17, 2020)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/langley\/nasa-interns-compete-against-clock-to-develop-x-59-simulation\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Interns Compete Against Clock to Develop X-59 Simulation<\/a> (Oct. 1, 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yS5Cdxg_Tk4&feature=emb_title\" rel=\"noopener\">X59 QueSST: Quiet SuperSonic Technology<\/a> (July 19, 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA web feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/armstrong\/features\/supersonic-shockwave-interaction.html\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Captures First Air-to-Air Images of Supersonic Shockwave Interaction in Flight<\/a>(March 5, 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/lowboom\/new-nasa-x-plane-construction-begins-now\" rel=\"noopener\">New NASA X-Plane Construction Begins Now<\/a> (April 3, 2018)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Z5brXkwrAnc\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA EDGE: Low-Boom Flight Demonstration<\/a> (April 3, 2018)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/armstrong\/feature\/70_years_supersonic_flight.html\" rel=\"noopener\">70 Years of Supersonic Flight: NASA Continues To Break Barriers<\/a> (Oct. 12, 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA news release: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-completes-milestone-toward-quieter-supersonic-x-plane\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Completes Milestone Toward Quieter Supersonic X-Plane<\/a> (June 26, 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA news release: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/press-release\/nasa-begins-work-to-build-a-quieter-supersonic-passenger-jet\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Begins Work to Build a Quieter Supersonic Passenger Jet<\/a> (Feb. 29, 2016)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA web feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aero\/centers_tackle_sonic_boom.html\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Centers Team Up to Tackle Sonic Boom<\/a> (March 16, 2014)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA web feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/aeronautics\/features\/sonic_boom_thump.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonic Boom Heads for a Thump<\/a> (May 8, 2012)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For researchers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>CART3D Software: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/publications\/software\/docs\/cart3d\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/publications\/software\/docs\/cart3d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Computational Framework for Launch, Ascent, and Vehicle Aerodynamics: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/publications\/ams\/2014\/06-10-14.html\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/publications\/ams\/2014\/06-10-14.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>9- by 7-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel Facility Overview (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/aavp\/aetc\/supersonic\/9x7\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/aavp\/aetc\/supersonic\/9\u00d77<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>CFD Support for Enabling Commercial Supersonic Flight: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/SC20\/demos\/demo3.html\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/SC20\/demos\/demo3.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division\u2019s Launch, Ascent, and Vehicle Aerodynamics (LAVA) software: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S127096381630178X\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S127096381630178X<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimizing Sonic Boom through Simulation-Based Design: The X-59 Airplane: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/SC19\/demos\/demo20.html\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nas.nasa.gov\/SC19\/demos\/demo20.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For news media:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Low-Boom Flight Demonstration <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/lowboom\/media-resources\" rel=\"noopener\">press kit<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Members of the news media interested in covering this topic should reach out to the <a href=\"http:\/\/arc-dl-newsroom@mail.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Ames newsroom<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A faster-than-sound airplane generates sonic thumps so quiet that people on the ground might not hear anything at all. Not much has changed in commercial aircraft design and technology for the last 50 years. That\u2019s about to \u2026 well \u2026 change thanks to efforts to design future commercial aircraft capable of hushing sonic booms to [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":261,"featured_media":100904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2855,2660,2854,2822,2863,10544,2823],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[12755],"coauthors":[10808],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Ames’ Contributions to the X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology Aircraft","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/armstrong\/ames-contributions-to-the-x-59-quiet-supersonic-technology-aircraft\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/armstrong\/ames-contributions-to-the-x-59-quiet-supersonic-technology-aircraft\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/deh_3138.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/deh_3138.jpg"},"articleSection":"NASA Centers & Facilities","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Rachel Hoover"}],"creator":["Rachel Hoover"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Aeronautics","Supersonic Flight","Armstrong Flight Research Center","Ames Research Center","Flight Innovation","Langley Research Center","Quesst (X-59)"],"dateCreated":"2022-03-21T21:19:00Z","datePublished":"2022-03-21T21:19:00Z","dateModified":"2023-09-27T01:28:02Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Ames’ Contributions to the X-59 Quiet SuperSonic Technology Aircraft\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/armstrong\/ames-contributions-to-the-x-59-quiet-supersonic-technology-aircraft\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/deh_3138.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2022-03-21T21:19:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"NASA Centers & Facilities\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Aeronautics,Supersonic Flight,Armstrong Flight Research Center,Ames Research Center,Flight Innovation,Langley Research Center,Quesst (X-59)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Rachel Hoover\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":11,"time_ago":"2 years","featured_image":{"id":100904,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/deh_3138.jpg","title":"deh_3138","alt":"Don Durston, an aerospace engineer with a model supersonic aircraft, ready for testing in the 9- by 11-foot Unitary Wind Tunnel at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley.","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96263"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/261"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96263"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":595580,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96263\/revisions\/595580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96263"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=96263"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=96263"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=96263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}