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-th., un1fotmeef tel'Ytcec- who w.a haspst&I pei"fenfs on- +he deft 9f ~ 

ment hed the nght to elect ret1rtm'>llftt *~fits ~::rmtp&tttd ID. eteQarch.1nc• 

with lews in existence prior to the Career Compensehon Act, 1f such 

members were retired for physical ~ dfcabll1ty. during the 6 months 1mfned1etely rotlow1n9 the dete of enai::tm•nt 

Due to the fact that regulations reqw1red by other sections of title IV 

of the C.!lreer Compensation l'\ct were not promulgated unhl after the 

6 month period had expired, particularly insofar as they pertain to the 

payment of retired pey to non Regular personnel, such persons were not 

eble to exercise their election prior to the e:itpira1'1on dete 

The proposed leg1slat1on, therefore would e)(fend the election date to 

December 31, 1950, but would not create ony other new rights or bene 

fits Md, in ell probability, will not enlar9e the number of personnel 

entitled to the right of election 

While the exact numbr:r of Ferson~ affected by the proposed le91slet1on 1• not known, the Deparrrnent f'f Defeme has indicated that there 

dre t'lppro~1ma!Plv 2no ind1v1Juals ... ~o m"y be oJver~ely affected by 

'~11lure ~o "'' '1'"1<l rhf' ~ :1, ~" r e11od tor the Prop )~cd adc:l1tiono1 6 nonths 

Thus ._,-i• y er,_, ·ment c-it the proposE!d i>g1~lanon "" (• e"1ob1fl the [1e 

partments to retire ceo am "'e1-sonne' mth l!ln eled1on which was originally contemplated under the L..areer .::.ompe~•ahon Act 

Pending ent1cfment of the prooosed legislation, many personnel are 

being contmued on fuU poy and, as a result, early enoctment of the 

propo5ed l~lation will undoubtedly result in a saving to the Govern 

ment 

The Committee on Armed Services has been advised by the Department of Defense that 1t favors the ptoposed leq1slat1on and 1t hes likewise been advised that the Burettu of the Budget has been consulted and 

offers no ob1echon to ihe proposed leg1slat1on. 

CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS AND COMMUNICATION 

INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES-PREVENTION OF 

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 

For ''~t ot Act •tt p 159 

Senate Report No 111, Mar 11, t 949 (To accompany S 277] 

,!"louse Ree.,ort No l895, Apr 6, 1950 [To accompany S 277] 

The House Report Ntpeats 1n substance ibe Senate Report. 

HtJHtt Report No 1895 

11'r"HE Committee on the Jud1c1ary to whom was referred the bJI 

\tit (S 277} to enhance further the security of the United Stcteo; by preve11t1ng d1~dosures of 1nformat1on concerning the cryptographic ay&terns 

tind the c.ommun1cet1on 1ntelh9ence ed1v1hes of the United States, having 

2297 

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REF ID:A40480 

M:GlaL&TlVlll JII9.m1D" 

considered the same, reports favorably thereon w.thout MteodmeM 

end recomrnends th.st the bill do pass 

PURPOSE OF THE BILL 

The purpose of this bill 1s to prevent the revefat1on of important 

information about the United States communication mtelhgence achv1-

+.es and United States codes and ciphers bv persons who disclose sucho 

informahon without proper authority and to prescribe penalties to 

those knowingly and w1llfullv revealing such mformahon 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

This bill ma~es 1t a crime to reveal the methods, techniques, and 

matPr1el used 1n the tran~m1ss1on bv this Nation of enciphered or coded 

me~sages It doe~ not cnntrol in anv w11y the free d1nemmahon of mtormeit1on which m1aht be transmitter! by code or cipher Further, 1t 

ma~es it a criMe to reve:il methods used bv this Nation m breaking thesecret codes of a foreign nation It also proh1b1ts under certain penalties 

the divulging of any mformeit1on which may have come info this Government's hands as a result of such ei code breaking The reason for the 

latter proh1b1t1on 1s ro prevent the ind1catron to a foreign nation that 

we may ha"e broken their code s.,stem 

At present two other ects protecr this informet1on but onlv m a lam 

1ted way These ere the E...p1ona9e Ad of I 0 I 7 (40 Stat 217) end the 

ect of June I 0 1933 (48 ~tat 1221 Under the first unauthorized revele 

tion of information of this kind can be penalized only 1f 1t citn be proved 

that the person making the reve1ahon did so with an intent to in1ure the 

United States Under the second only d1p1omatic codes and me~sages. 

transmitted m d1plornahc codes 1ue oroh•rted The present bill 1s designed to protect agtunst knowing end willful publiC""at1on or anv other revela-

+1on of all 1m1:>ortant information eftec.ting Uruted State~ communicatron 

intelligence ocerat•ons and ell direct mformnt1on about all United Stotes 

code• end ciphers 

As the matter now stands pre10nt1on of rhe disclosure of informa-

~1on of our crypT09raph1c ~ .... terns &Aclus1ve of State De-partment codes, 

11nd cf C""".lrrtmunicirnon 1nte:l1gence .Jct1v1t.e~ N'~ts sc>lely on the d1sre~ o'l lc-valry nnd good 1udgment of numerous ind1v1duals During 

~ne recc"lt war there were manv persons who ocqu1red some information 

co ... rre oy this bill in the c.our~e of their duties Mo•t of rhe•e ind1v1d 

ua s or. no longer conrec+ecl w rh the ~orv1,es and are not now fJrO 

.. o +e I 'rom rnating disclosures wh1C""h can oe mos~ damaging to the 

~C" .. r tv of ·~e United s~itTei They are sub1ect b the temptations of 

r'"r-.one1 £~"' 6nd ot ~ ubl1c1ly in m~k1nq seni;.ahonel d1srlosures of the 

pc'"S-.nal mfornn11on " •hon rhe purview of this o:t 

Ti-e -:wrpc-•e "f tnE' bill re; ~on ~ummer1zed in the ouotar1on from the 

J~ .,t C~ncire•11:ina C0Mm1tte-e for +he lnvest19ar1on of the Attack on 

12eerl p.,•bol' *h•-h nn.M'TlPrded on p1!19e 253 of the reoort, th6t2298 

L • • • IW • • ,. .. : u ~ ~ • • w • - ~~ 

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REF ID:A40480 

!~-~• ... 1-;11.&:-~ 11•:-: 

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~ 

* • • ettective •teiia. be taken. to wure that 1tatutory or other re- .. tricUons do not operate 'to the beneJit of an enemy or other forces inlml~ 

eal to the Nation a security and to the handicap. of our own lntelllgence 

agencies With this in mfnd, the Congrese should glve serious study 

to among other things, • • • legislation fully protecting the security 

-or classlf1ed matter 

This bill 1s an attempt to provide rust such ieg1slahon for only a small 

category of das~1fied matter a category which 1s both vital and vulnerable 

to on almost unique degree 

Earlier versions of this same bill (S 805, 79th Cong I s r 0 I q I aoth 

Cong and S 2680 80th Cong J would have penalized the revefat1on 

or publication not only of d1red !Jlformation about United States codes 

onCl ciphers themselves but of 1nformahon transmitted in United States 

coaes and ciphers This provision 1s not included in the present version 

Under the bill as now drafted there 1s no penalty for publ1shmg the contents of United States Government cornmunirations (e>..c .... pt, of course 

those which reveal mtormaf1on in the categor1e. d1redly prote1 ted by 

the bill 1tselD E\.en the text. of coJed Government messages can be 

published without penalty as far as this bill 1s concerned whether re 

leased for such publication by due outhor1ty of o Government department 

or passed out without authority or against orders by personnel of a 

department In the latter case, of course, the Government personnel 

mvolved might be sub1ecr to punishment by administrative action but not 

1t 1s noted under the provisions of this bill 

The bill while carefully avoiding the infrmaement of c1v1I liberties 

extends the protPcted field covered by the eimemely narrow ad of June 

IO !933 (48 Stat 122), the latter being of far too limited appl1car1on 

to afford to certain h1ghlv se'7:ret Govprnment activities the prate, hon 

w'11ch they need The need for proted1on of this sort 1s oe~r illustrated 

by an account of the very circumstances wti1ch surrounded the enadment of the acf of June IO, 1933 In 1931 there had been published 1n 

the United States a boolr which qave a dPtailed account of United State~ 

succo~sc~ m breaking J.:ioanese diplomatic codes during the decade 

r:mor t? ot..bl cation In 1933 it WM lea ned that the same author had 

already placed an the hands of his pJb11shers the manu~cript ot another 

book which made further di?ta1:ed revelations of United States success in 

me breaking of fore gn d1p/or""'.rnc r ' 1-'t. Immediate ad1on secured the 

passage by the Crng1 ess of the mea,ure ot ,,.lune I 0 which effectively 

stoo;:e.::J puolir.;it.on of the s-:1~ona book Unfortunafely. the first book 

had dcnP 'In.-! continued ·o do irrepare1b1e harm It had cau~ed a 

furr-r m Jap<? "''E' Government circles i:ind J, pnnP>O d1plomnt1c cc:-des 

'11'd t:.8A'"I ~hanged ~hnrtly atter its ano.,'"ranc P The new PJde~ were 

more c"mplex and aiff.<:ult to _,011e ~~ iln the .-,Id ones and throughout 

the ye~r~ , rom then unhl Wor1d War II not only the JJpanese d1olomat1c 

c~)Ptoqraphers bur the m1l1tary and naval cryptogrnphers <h .,,..ell wNe 

oov10..i~.y i.,ev ,~ 19 more tudy io rr1ptograpf,y th"n the,.r ever had 

before In 1934 they mtrodured therr• first a1plornalic machine cipher 

2299 

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-.. llr;ij+iili-iiiilaiiwiiiiii-lliiiliiiiiiiiaiFw•w.:iiz iiiiii;zil~-~- •• iii&ii--ii~iii-ii;;iiliiii~-iiiiiiiiiiiiliimiizmliwwwiii~~ ... iii-iiiiiii"u .~-~ii-~ii~iiiiiiiiPiiM11il-•"•••llil!'tte.;,_,;m;. ........ .;=;.,;.-,_;1i'if';r.,...;::;;;;...... 
... 

• 

REF ID:A40480 

~~'! 

Y'ei.r by year. their codes anH clphers improvect \'rogtessivety by rad1~I 

steps, .and United State~ c.ryptenalystt h~ more and mor• difficulty and: 

required more end more time to break them It cen be s~ud that United 

States inability to decode the important Japanese military eotT1m1:1111ca· 

hons tn the days 1mmed1ately leading up to Peeirl Harbor wes dt'redly 

ascribable to the state of code security consciousness which th• reY'elohons of o decade earlier had forced on Japanese offic1atdom 

ANALYSIS OF THE BILL 

The bill would make 1t a crime punishable by not more than $10 000 

fine or I 0 years' 1mornonment, or both, to knowingly and willfully reveal 

two categories of mformatron, namely (I) information which would 

nullify the efforts of United States communicatron intelligence agencies 

and (2) information which would permit foreign governments to read the 

secret official communications of the United States Information of the 

first category 1s covered by the following phrases {qualifying "informot1on'') 

• • • concerning tbe nature preparation or u11e of any eode. cipher, or CJ'Yptographl<: 15ystem at • • • a.ny foreign government • • • concerning the design construction, use, maintenance or repa.tr of any device, a.pparatua o.r appliance uaed or prepared or Planned 

for use by • • • any foreign govE"rnmE"nt • • • concoe.rntng the c1>111mumcatlon 1ntelllgence actlvtUu or tbe 

Unlted States or a.ny foreign govPrnment • 111 • obtained by the processes of communication intelltgence from 

tbe communications of any fore1gn governmt-nt 

lnformafron of the second c;l)tegory is covered by rnclus1on of the 

words, the United St.,tes or' in the first, second, and third of the phrasM quoted ebove !he bill does not proh1b1t the publ1cahon or dis· 

dosure of United States Government mess-l!ges 1n general 

In addition 1t should be noted that the restrictions on disclosure apply 

onlv to the types of classified 1nformat1on defined in the phrases quoted 

above The bttl specifies that the class1ficat1on must be m fact in the 

interests of ni:itional sectmty 

RECOMMENDl\TIONS OF THE DEPARTMENTS 

There (Ire printed below, letters from the Secretary of Defen5e 11nd 

from the Ac+ing Secretary of the Navy to the Speaker of the House of 

Representatives recommending the enactment of this legrslat1on 

Ttu· ';r<"lt.FTARY Oil' DFn'~RlC 

lV1ulungton, f1f'CPn1ber 31, l9'8 

The hono111ble thp ql'EAK!tll OJ!' TKE !-lotrsE O• Ri.PRl!.b1'-"'Tll.Tf\1'"FS 

Wll.rhmgtan, D (' 

DEA.& Ma qrF.,XFR Attached is a fPtter addrt>ssed to you by the Acting g, rrPtary ol the Nav'V recommending the enactmt>nt of a pt'Oposed 

draft ot IE"gis1atlon also attached bearing the titlP to enhance further 

tha ~curlty or the UnHt>d State'! by preH•nting duidosures ot Information 

('Oncer11!ng the eryptographie <,ystems and the communication intelligence 

a.etiYltles o.t the United bta.tes" 

2300 

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REF ID:A40480 ----""-""..----------------~~~ -~---

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---=-- -- - - - - -- - - - . - -_ J T ~ > ·----=- - ~ 

Tbfa leglalatfon hu been appl"O'\'ed by me for iJtcluaion in the National 

MliltaT7 Establishment legislative program tor the Eighty-first Congreas, 

first session and responsibility for bandUng It on behalf of the Establishment bas been plaeed in the Deparunent of the NaVT 

Sincerely yours. 

JAMFll Ji'OBRF°'TAL. 

NA'\'"T DFP<1.:RTJU-'\ r 

lf'ashingfon lJ( < <'mbt r ~J, 19 fB 

1hc honor"lh!c thP ";1 T '-KER o~ Tin IIous11: OF R.Er•RY'4l7"'11 '"' • <; 

n tnhllll/1011 '{) (' 

DP"R MR RJ >Ar-irk 1ht>re l'! tra11smlttPd ltere\\lth a draft of a propoqe1! bill 'to enhance rurther the St><'Urlty of the United ..,t<LL"'B by preVPn11ng d1sclos11rPs of lnformatlon rom~erntng the rn 11toiuaphtc fl)BtPm• 

anil the £'Orumumcation lntelltgenrP acU~ltlPs or thP llllltld f:itatPs 

The l'\lr!lCl.,e or the proposed hill Is to 1n<;UrP furthet the millhry 

SP<'Utlty or the United '-tat PH by pro\ !ding •hat the tm.luthor12ed c\lsclo1111re by o.nv P"'rson or rla'l!!illi?a Information ronrt>rnmg the cryptographic &\Stems and the c<1mmunicatlon intelhgence activities of the 

UnitPd <;o;t<L" s shall be a st<Ltuton lfi't!ll'>i> 

Durinl!: the war it Wll.'I n•Lc<.•,.irv to m'lkP 'l grP.tt m'lny n1attPr<; of a. 

c-0n1ident1al nature aCCl:!'>'>lblP to a l'on.,idPr'lhle 1111111111 r of 1:11 ni1 ... pnsonnf'1 and Pmp!O) <:>e11 who have sln<:'P bt't n !!• '1 rP I tr om lh .. 1r \\ u t1111e 

duttea and who w lY tail to safe1.u.i.rd oll11•1 \I inform ltto11 v. hi• h h ~ilhrn 

their knowlPdge Ex1'ltlng la.'1111 <l.o not adP(JU'ltl'lv prote<:t the llLcur1ty 

of intorlllation of this character and it l'I consu•i>rPtl or utmost urgen<.-v 

and Import.a.nee from the standpoint or national "1 cu1 ity that lel!:l'llation 

be (.nacted wblch wm fully prolert the i.t.curlty ot clas<;1fted matter 

'1,'he Joint Congrt.sslonal CotnmittPe for the Invf's11gatlon of the Attack 

on Pearl Harbor recognized tbta f.i.et and in Its rq;ort rt.conunended that 

Congreu giVEI serious study a.n1011~ otht>r th1n11:s to IC?gislauon fully 

protec-t t ng th El '!ecu rit y of cl1:1.Slll ft ed maltPl"' ( p 2 5 3 ) 

ThP proposed b111 rf'pre'lents the com bm~d vie\> 'I ot the Army Navy 

Air Force, c~ntral Iutelhgenee Agu1c-v '1.nd !hf' D~partrnPnt ol ~Tate 

as to the IPgislauon "'btrh 1s nf'£'f'&<;"lry t<) pre\ !'nt the unauthorized d1st'losure of sueh ehssifi1>d informatlon 1 hP ?-.avy Dl'partment is sponaoring this leglslat1on on behalf of all of the torc-go1ng orgaulzatlona 

ll1e 1;1r11poo;1>rl l>lll 1'1 Identical with S 26'!0 (SOth <. ong 2d sesil) as 

r~ portell from the Arm<'d C\pnlces ('ommlttep 

F"lrllcr versions of thf' riropu.,ed lPgislatton (S l!O'i 79th Con11: and ~ 

1019 ~Otb Cong) would hai.~ penalized the reH•htlon or publl£'"lt1on 

not onlY' of 1hrect information about United i?I iti:!s eadl''l and c1pht'rs 

themSthes but of Information lransmltted In Pnited Stat<-'! codes and 

t.H•hf'r~ Tht'l prq1f111on Is not lncludP<i 111 th,. pnst-nt ve1slon 

The propoqr d bill i>xtcnds the vrotec-t;-d flt Id ('OH rt>d by I he o-xtrf'melv 

narrow act or June ~o 1113'J <48 Stat 1:::2 22 U "> c 815) 'l\hlch dct 

111 of far too Jim1Uid a.ppllcatlnn to "lfforli to cPJ'Taln hl~hly serre-t C'ovPrnwenl aNh !UPS the protr ctlon whu.h lh"v 11Ped 'l he propos<'d lt-glsl11.t10Q <]l•P'I not In anv v. "'Y C"Ontrol lhe fl Pt> 01'1'>( ruin II um or information 

v. l11t h might b .. tran~mltte•I b} codP or <'lpher unlesq the Information 

l1as be,,.n obta111ed bi. t l.i.nri!'stlne lntPJ'CPptlon and rr~ pt,malysts 

'\t 1•re~('nt tht're au· t 11. o acr"I P tforuln.e: ilm1tcd protel..f ion to rr\ ptoA"raphit rnronnatwn rh•'<;e a1<:' rh"' fo.s11llH1"t~' \t L or 1917 l 50 lT ..., (' 

, l i'I b+-ll 1 'lnd the abo~" mi>ntlon!'d .i.~t Qf lunt' 10 19'l" Pnder thP 

I::~11lon1Lt. A<'t U!l'Ulthort.i:l?tt rr-,el1rton ot H1(orm1tlon Clll be tienali1i>d 

cmly 1f •t can lie pro•Pd !bat the pPr~ou making tl!e rn• ht10n aid so 

\\ Hb tue.hirt>nt to lnJuri> thP rnru•d bfatf'S Undt r tt1e 191J aN onlv 

d1plom'lt1r c1)des and zn~~·u•J,• s tran-m1tted In cl1plorua11c c>nrl•" 'l.rP 

p11J!1 •!Pd The propo~Pri le.d«;lat1on l" d;>slgned to prO!Pl't a.Jl""!D'>t p11b 

lie tl1011 ur 111'/V' uth• r rPv;:>l'\I Ion TPJ!ll.rllleQa uf intt-nt "f all lmpur1.i.nt 

tnrormation .dr~c{lng TTnlted 'lt.i.tPB rommunu 1tlon lntf'll1!!'enre opPr tllOn'iauu all dirPct Information a.bout a\l United i:.tates codP.s and clpbera 

'2301 

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REF ID:A40480 

Tile Na'Q' Department. In C0111Unct1on with tlM Arm.J', .Mr hlDe. 

CenU'&l Intellfgence .Agency, a.nd the Dep&rt111ent ot State. 8trollglJ' neDliM 

Blends the enactment ot the proposf'd bUl t 

The Navy Department haa been adY!aed by the Bureau of the :au..- that there 1.8 110 objection to the submfaston of this propoaed laPl!atJon 

to the Congress 

Sincerely yours, 

W JoB1' KitMfaT, 

Actlnfl Secretary of th.tr N tJtJfl 

The Sen11te h11s amended the bill as recommended by the Department. 

by including rn section I of the bill the words 'lcnowmgly ond willfully " 

The purpose of this amendment 1s to make 1t dear that 1t would not be 

an inadvertent idle, indiscreet a1sclosure, but one which was mode for 

the purpose proh1b1ted 

The committee recommends that the bill, S 277, 45 .!!mended by the 

Senate, do pass 

ARMY AND NA VY NURSES -APPOINTMENTS 

Senate Report No 1267, Apr 19, f950 {To acc:ompany H R 5876] 

House Report No 1375, Oct 10, 1949 [To accompany H R 5876] 

The Senate Report repeats 1n substance flie House Report 

Senate Report No 1261 

~E Committee on Armed Services to whom was referred the bill 

~ (H R 58761 to amend the Army Navy Nurses Act of 1947, to pro1,,de for add1t1onal appointments and for other purposes, having considered the same report favorably thereon with amendments, and recommend that the ball, as amended, do pass 

PURPOSE OF THE BILL 

This bill proooses to reopen for 11 pJ<mod of I year the integration 

Program for the Regular Army Nurse Carps and the Women's Med1ci1I 

Sper1al1st Corps of the Regular Army and to raise (also for a period 

of I ye'lr} the age l1m1t for eppomtment m the Army and Navy Nurse 

Corps It also effects a number or technical changes in the Army-Navy 

Nurse• Acr of 194 7 which are rendered necessary because of the enactment of rhP Officer Personnel Procurement Act of 1947 and the Reserve 

Retirement Act of 1948 

EXPLANA T!ON OF THE BILL 

The ma1or1ty of the prov•s1ons of this bill are of a technical nature 

-end are bt:>d understood by ref erring to the section by .ect1on analysis 

which follows The most important ~ubstantive provision has to do with 

2302