IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 16-0337

Filed November 23, 2016

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

ESSOSSINAM CESAR TALBOUSSOUMA,

Defendant-Appellant.

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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Buena Vista County, Nancy L. 

Whittenburg, Judge.

Essossinam Cesar Talboussouma appeals his conviction and sentence 

following a guilty plea. AFFIRMED.

Mark C. Smith, Appellate Defender, and Brenda J. Gohr, Assistant 

Appellate Defender, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Genevieve Reinkoester, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee.

Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Tabor and Mullins, JJ.
2

MULLINS, Judge.

Essossinam Cesar Talboussouma appeals his conviction and sentence 

following a guilty plea to assault with the intent to commit sexual abuse, claiming 

his counsel failed to advise him of the potential consequences a guilty plea may 

have on his immigration status. See State v. Tompkins, 859 N.W.2d 631, 637 

(Iowa 2015) (providing, to prove an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, an 

appellant must show counsel failed to perform an essential duty and prejudice 

resulted). We may consider an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim for the 

first time on appeal, and our review is de novo. See State v. Philo, 697 N.W.2d 

481, 485 (Iowa 2005). However, where further development of the record is 

necessary to resolve the issue, we preserve claims for postconviction-relief 

proceedings. See State v. Johnson, 784 N.W.2d 192, 198 (Iowa 2010). 

Here, in his exhaustive briefing, Talboussouma provides legal argument 

as to (1) why his guilty plea should not be found to have waived his ineffectiveassistance-of-counsel claim, (2) why the distinction between direct and collateral 

consequences should not apply in this matter, (3) why a district court’s instruction 

that a conviction may impact a defendant’s immigration status does not 

compensate for counsel’s own responsibility, (4) what the Iowa Constitution 

requires in this context, and (5) what prejudice standard should be applied. But 

Talboussouma has failed to provide a sufficient record to enable this court to 

review this claim on direct appeal. Talboussouma simply summarily claims plea

counsel failed to inform him of the potential consequences of his plea with regard 

to his immigration status and “the deportation consequences for Talboussouma 

w[ere] truly clear.” As acknowledged by Talboussouma, “[o]nly in rare cases will 
3

the trial record alone be sufficient to resolve [an ineffective-assistance-ofcounsel] claim on direct appeal.” State v. Straw, 709 N.W.2d 128, 133 (Iowa 

2006). Talboussouma concedes the record available here is limited.1 We 

conclude it is not sufficient to address his claim and preserve it for 

postconviction-relief proceedings.

AFFIRMED.

 

1 As noted by the State, 

Nothing in the record reveals what steps Defendant’s trial counsel took to 

determine Defendant’s immigrant status, what, if any, research his trial 

counsel did to figure out the possible deportation consequences of 

Defendant’s guilty plea, and whether and what his trial counsel discussed 

with regard to his immigration status and deportation consequences, and 

the impact a guilty plea would have on him.

Instead, the available record includes a waiver of rights and guilty plea, in which 

Talboussouma swears, “I understand that pleading guilty may result in deportation or 

other adverse immigration consequences if I am not a citizen of the United States. I 

understand one such consequence could include deportation from the United States 

upon completion of any period of incarceration.” The plea concludes, “I nevertheless 

affirm I want to plead guilty regardless of any immigration consequences that my guilty 

plea may entail, even if one such consequence is my automatic removal from the United 

States.” In his motion in arrest of judgment, Talboussouma claims his plea was 

defective because of his inability “to understand the total effect of the guilty plea.” 

Specifically, “[t]he part that was unascertainable was that it was in doubt that Defendant 

would be or not be deported, only that it was possible he would be deported.” In the 

district court’s order on the motion in arrest of judgment, the district court stated, 

“Defendant testified that his attorney explained the meaning of [the above cited 

paragraph that describes potential deportation consequences] of the written plea of 

guilty and he understood its meaning.” It is upon this limited record that Talboussouma 

makes his claim.