{"id":654496,"date":"2024-04-29T12:53:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T16:53:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?p=654496"},"modified":"2024-04-29T13:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T17:00:00","slug":"nasa-scientists-gear-up-for-solar-storms-at-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/planets\/mars\/nasa-scientists-gear-up-for-solar-storms-at-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA Scientists Gear Up for Solar Storms at Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?w=1920\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"This coronal mass ejection, captured by NASA\u2019s Solar Dynamics Observatory, erupted on the Sun Aug. 31, 2012, traveling over 900 miles per second and sending radiation deep into space. Earth\u2019s magnetic field shields it from radiation produced by solar events like this one, while Mars lacks that kind of shielding.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This coronal mass ejection, captured by NASA\u2019s Solar Dynamics Observatory, erupted on the Sun Aug. 31, 2012, traveling over 900 miles per second and sending radiation deep into space. Earth\u2019s magnetic field shields it from radiation produced by solar events like this one, while Mars lacks that kind of shielding.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/GFSC\/SDO<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>The Sun will be at peak activity this year, providing a rare opportunity to study how solar storms and radiation could affect future astronauts on the Red Planet.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the months ahead, two of NASA\u2019s Mars spacecraft will have an unprecedented opportunity to study how solar flares \u2014 giant explosions on the Sun\u2019s surface \u2014 could affect robots and future astronauts on the Red Planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s because the Sun is entering a period of peak activity called solar maximum, something that occurs roughly every 11 years. During solar maximum, the Sun is especially prone to throwing fiery tantrums in a variety of forms \u2014 including <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-research\/heliophysics\/space-weather\/solar-flares\/what-is-a-solar-flare\/\" rel=\"noopener\">solar flares<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/what-coronal-mass-ejection-or-cme\/\">coronal mass ejections<\/a> \u2014 that launch radiation deep into space. When a series of these solar events erupts, it\u2019s called a solar storm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Earth\u2019s magnetic field largely shields our home planet from the effects of these storms. But Mars lost its global magnetic field long ago, leaving the Red Planet more vulnerable to the Sun\u2019s energetic particles. Just how intense does solar activity get on Mars? Researchers hope the current solar maximum will give them a chance to find out. Before sending humans there, space agencies need to determine, among many other details, what kind of radiation protection astronauts would require.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Solar Storms This Year Will Help Mars Astronauts in the Future (Mars Report - April 2024)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wRaGAA0jFFA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Learn how NASA\u2019s MAVEN and the agency\u2019s Curiosity rover will study solar flares and radiation at Mars during solar maximum \u2013 a period when the Sun is at peak activity. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/GSFC\/SDO\/MSSS\/University of Colorado<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFor humans and assets on the Martian surface, we don\u2019t have a solid handle on what the effect is from radiation during solar activity,\u201d said Shannon Curry of the University of Colorado Boulder\u2019s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics. Curry is principal investigator for NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/maven\/\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN<\/a> (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) orbiter, which is managed by NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u201cI\u2019d actually love to see the \u2018big one\u2019 at Mars this year \u2014 a large event that we can study to understand solar radiation better before astronauts go to Mars.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Measuring High and Low<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>MAVEN observes radiation, solar particles, and more from high above Mars. The planet\u2019s thin atmosphere can affect the intensity of the particles by the time they reach the surface, which is where NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/msl-curiosity\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity<\/a> rover comes in. Data from Curiosity\u2019s Radiation Assessment Detector, or <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/msl-curiosity\/science-instruments\/#hds-sidebar-nav-19\" rel=\"noopener\">RAD<\/a>, has helped scientists understand how radiation breaks down carbon-based molecules on the surface, a process that could affect whether signs of ancient microbial life are preserved there. The instrument has also provided NASA with an idea of how much shielding from radiation astronauts could expect by using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/jpl\/how-nasas-curiosity-rover-is-making-mars-safer-for-astronauts\/?site=msl\">caves, lava tubes, or cliff faces<\/a> for protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a solar event occurs, scientists look both at the quantity of solar particles and how energetic they are.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cYou can have a million particles with low energy or 10 particles with extremely high energy,\u201d said RAD\u2019s principal investigator, Don Hassler of the Boulder, Colorado, office of the Southwest Research Institute. \u201cWhile MAVEN\u2019s instruments are more sensitive to lower-energy ones, RAD is the only instrument capable of seeing the high-energy ones that make it through the atmosphere to the surface, where astronauts would be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-image-carousel grid-container grid-container-block padding-top-8 padding-bottom-8 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-carousel\">\t\t<div class=\"hds-carousel-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-carousel-slider margin-0\" id=\"image-carousel-slider\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"The Radiation Assessment Detector on NASA\u2019s Curiosity is indicated in this annotated image from the rover\u2019s Mastcam. RAD scientists are excited to use the instrument to study radiation on the Martian surface during solar maximum.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg?resize=1024,575 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg?resize=600,337 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2a-rad-on-curiosity-portal.jpg?resize=900,506 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The Radiation Assessment Detector on NASA\u2019s Curiosity is indicated in this annotated image from the rover\u2019s Mastcam. RAD scientists are excited to use the instrument to study radiation on the Martian surface during solar maximum.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/MSSS<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-block width-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper hds-image-carousel-slide margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"This artist\u2019s concept depicts NASA\u2019s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) near Mars. The spacecraft observes radiation, solar particles, and more from high above the Red Planet.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.02); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg 3240w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/e2b-pia17487-maven-already-in-pj-portal.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">This artist\u2019s concept depicts NASA\u2019s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) near Mars. The spacecraft observes radiation, solar particles, and more from high above the Red Planet.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/GFSC<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-carousel-nav display-flex margin-left-auto margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-prev\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M3.5,4.5l3.7-3.6L6.3,0L1.8,4.5L6.3,9l0.9-0.9L3.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"hds-carousel-nav-arrow hds-carousel-arrow-next margin-right-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"9px\" height=\"9px\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 9\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M5.5,4.5L1.8,8.1L2.7,9l4.5-4.5L2.7,0L1.8,0.9L5.5,4.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p>When MAVEN detects a big solar flare, the orbiter\u2019s team lets the Curiosity team know so they can watch for changes in RAD\u2019s data. The two missions can even assemble a time series measuring changes down to the half-second as particles arrive at the Martian atmosphere, interact with it, and eventually strike the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The MAVEN mission also leads an early warning system that lets other Mars spacecraft teams know when radiation levels begin to rise. The heads-up enables missions to turn off instruments that could be vulnerable to solar flares, which can <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.nasa.gov\/solarcycle25\/2023\/12\/14\/sun-releases-strong-solar-flare-8\/#:~:text=Flares%20and%20solar%20eruptions%20can,more%20information%20about%20its%20strength.\" rel=\"noopener\">interfere<\/a> with electronics and radio communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lost Water<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Beyond helping to keep astronauts and spacecraft safe, studying solar maximum could also lend insight into why Mars changed from being a warm, wet Earth-like world billions of years ago to the freezing desert it is today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The planet is at a point in its orbit when it\u2019s closest to the Sun, which heats up the atmosphere. That can cause billowing dust storms to blanket the surface. Sometimes the storms merge, becoming <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/images\/pia22487-mars-before-and-after-dust-storm\" rel=\"noopener\">global<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While there\u2019s little water left on Mars \u2014 mostly ice under the surface and at the poles \u2014 some still circulates as vapor in the atmosphere. Scientists wonder whether global dust storms help to eject this water vapor, lofting it high above the planet, where the atmosphere gets <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/news-release\/nasa-mission-reveals-speed-of-solar-wind-stripping-martian-atmosphere\/\">stripped away during solar storms<\/a>. One theory is that this process, repeated enough times over eons, might explain how Mars went from having lakes and rivers to virtually no water today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If a global dust storm were to occur at the same time as a solar storm, it would provide an opportunity to test that theory. Scientists are especially excited because this particular solar maximum is occurring at the start of the dustiest season on Mars, but they also know that a global dust storm is a rare occurrence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>More About the Missions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the MAVEN mission. Lockheed Martin Space built the spacecraft and is responsible for mission operations. JPL provides navigation and Deep Space Network support. The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder is responsible for managing science operations and public outreach and communications. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Curiosity was built by NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California. JPL leads the mission on behalf of NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The RAD investigation is supported by NASA\u2019s Heliophysics Division as part of NASA\u2019s Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additional information about the missions can be found at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/maven\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/maven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>and<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/msl\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/msl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>News Media Contacts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nancy Neal Jones<br>Goddard\u00a0Space Flight\u00a0Center, Greenbelt, Md.<br>301-286-0039<br><a href=\"mailto:nancy.n.jones@nasa.gov\">nancy.n.jones@nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrew Good<br>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.<br>818-393-2433<br><a href=\"mailto:andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov\">andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karen Fox \/ Charles Blue<br>NASA Headquarters, Washington<br>301-286-6284 \/ 202-802-5345<br><a href=\"mailto:karen.c.fox@nasa.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">karen.c.fox@nasa.gov<\/a> \/ <a href=\"mailto:charles.e.blue@nasa.gov\">charles.e.blue@nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2024-052<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon 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2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Apr 29, 2024<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mars\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/msl-curiosity\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity (Rover)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/heliophysics\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Heliophysics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/jpl\/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/msl-curiosity\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/maven\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Solar System<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/sun\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sun<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/goddard\/nasa-interns-blast-off-for-their-first-week-at-goddard\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg 3896w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=300,132 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=768,338 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=1024,450 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=1536,675 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=2048,900 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=400,176 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=600,264 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=900,396 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=1200,528 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/goddard-orientation.jpeg?resize=2000,879 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Interns Blast Off for Their First Week at Goddard\u00a0<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t17 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/missions\/webb\/investigating-the-origins-of-the-crab-nebula-with-nasas-webb\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/webb-stsci-01j04ajb8zf5kwsnd3jnj0x9hb-3k.png\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">6 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Investigating the Origins of the Crab Nebula With NASA\u2019s Webb<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">New data revises our view of this unusual supernova explosion. A team of scientists used...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t21 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/skywatching\/night-sky-network\/tropical-solstice-shadows\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/solstice-comparison-horz-notext.webp\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Tropical Solstice Shadows<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">Solstices were some of our earliest astronomical observations, celebrated throughout history via many summer and...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Sun will be at peak activity this year, providing a rare opportunity to study how solar storms and radiation could affect future astronauts on the Red Planet. In the months ahead, two of NASA\u2019s Mars spacecraft will have an unprecedented opportunity to study how solar flares \u2014 giant explosions on the Sun\u2019s surface \u2014 [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":654498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3229,9420,2857,2837,2860,2749,2750,2658,11310],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[8605],"coauthors":[12651],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"NASA Scientists Gear Up for Solar Storms at Mars","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/planets\/mars\/nasa-scientists-gear-up-for-solar-storms-at-mars\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/planets\/mars\/nasa-scientists-gear-up-for-solar-storms-at-mars\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg"},"articleSection":"The Solar System","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory"}],"creator":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["The Solar System","The Sun","Mars","Curiosity (Rover)","Goddard Space Flight Center","Heliophysics","Jet Propulsion Laboratory","Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)","MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN)"],"dateCreated":"2024-04-29T16:53:42Z","datePublished":"2024-04-29T16:53:42Z","dateModified":"2024-04-29T17:00:00Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"NASA Scientists Gear Up for Solar Storms at Mars\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/planets\/mars\/nasa-scientists-gear-up-for-solar-storms-at-mars\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2024-04-29T16:53:42Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"The Solar System\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"The Solar System,The Sun,Mars,Curiosity (Rover),Goddard Space Flight Center,Heliophysics,Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Mars Science Laboratory (MSL),MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Jet Propulsion Laboratory\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":6,"time_ago":"2 months","featured_image":{"id":654498,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1-coronal-mass-ejection-captured-by-sdo-1.jpg","title":"Magnificent CME Erupts on the Sun – August 31","alt":"This coronal mass ejection, captured by NASA\u2019s Solar Dynamics Observatory, erupted on the Sun Aug. 31, 2012, traveling over 900 miles per second and sending radiation deep into space. Earth\u2019s magnetic field shields it from radiation produced by solar events like this one, while Mars lacks that kind of shielding.","caption":"This coronal mass ejection, captured by NASA\u2019s Solar Dynamics Observatory, erupted on the Sun Aug. 31, 2012, traveling over 900 miles per second and sending radiation deep into space. Earth\u2019s magnetic field shields it from radiation produced by solar events like this one, while Mars lacks that kind of shielding."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/654496"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=654496"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/654496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":654568,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/654496\/revisions\/654568"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/654498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=654496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=654496"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=654496"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=654496"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=654496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}