REF ID:A447'7 

THE SllTURBAY EVENING POST 21 

Tin: 11r•· .. r ,,,.,,_ 111i11i11L:' 1111•10-.:ll ...... 

Jlll•'l'l•ll~ 11n• ru:.uiru11I :u:tl 111:.11-' of tlu·m 

11r..• 111' 1.!n•:1I nt1li111111.'. 

.+:ur:1"" "1":11•111·11 ... :1 

f ;n .. ·k "nh·r 1111 111111· 

"''' nHair. "' tlU' 

ru11rlh """"·' ll. 1 • •• 

1•1u1n1rr,at1 .. hu·un .1ar- f1•rt·111 lllt•l luul~ uf 

M•'R•f ... llllllllllti1•:1fi1•ll, 

,;.,1111•nr 1lu· 11n·thu1l .. 1•1 

.. .,.rt,\"' 11:-it• ''=,, .. ..... ,, m:.al1• f:unnu .. 1,,. 1l1t• 

hAS 4 • ''1.t":f'• I ope 

'. 

..... 

1., lt11r:11·•1•. n11tl :11.-

u;h•·r 11,\" c·t1:1rhm:u."11•·· 

.\11111l11·r 1lh1·1r:111•111 in 

1111' 1 ..... tt, i· ;, ......... .. 

:1 11ur111:1I .\•h1·1. :1h1lm• 

••·I :11111 •" ,..., •·r·•· 1111r· 

1m1I :1lf')1:1l11•!•. S";·,1rb· 

1CKl,\1•:1,.... :1fh•rll1t• l•tll.., 

h1·ut111r1 uf tin• • 11•l11•r 

\\c• luul lh1• l'111h'll 

S•ah"' .\rm~ u•nu: 11 

:.1 1 lw 11u1hni·:1" uf \\:tr 

\\Uh t i1·r11m11~·· 

Hard Reading .. , ...... 1 .. 11°r- .. r 1•1uu1n·h 

1t11tl nlh1•r 11111•11•111 \\tll• •·ho. ·r11,. 1114.•!lol r:1111ou:e 

1.r ,,.,.,... ,,,., i·~··· , ...... 

--=-~ .. w ..... ~~~~.: -- • _, ____ .__._.,._, _ .... ,...,.,_ ...., • .._ __ .._, _ _.. .... ,...._,_~._ .... ...., _ _,"'-iool• 

Tin: mu·• 1hAi•·11l1 1·111lu-r L.-l\"1•11 In 

Tr11l1111111a•i·1·um111 ...... ;I T'A• M•U••lc ~l11A•r, .1'••1111 I• H111•• 8••• l/1•rl • ., IA• •r•••••••• 

h111""' j,. llml knn1'11 "" 1111• 1'ky111l1•, 

•·l1i.·l1 t'"lm•i,.h•l in "ritiua: u , ................ . 

Hh H 1111.rrnw 11ilri1• ul' 1t11rrlu1n•11l \Ut11nd 

1111inally 11ru111ul 11 1'"n1•ll'l1 ""'· Wlu·n '"'""1111cl, 1111• lt•lh•l'JC uf tlH• wunlor1 nf lh1• 1m·~...:1L'l' "••n• M• ,,...·:.1lh•n•1I 

111111 1111•\" 1lid nu! Funn i111t•l1111:1!.11• "nl'll• 111111 •·n11l1l 

nul ho• ~~111. 1'1w 1111°1111 .. 1 ur n·mli111r w11" tu "'"'"'' 

tho• 1111n•l11111·11t unnmd 11 n•I "hi1·h """ ur th•• •:1111 .. 

1liarn1•h'f" 1111 111 .. linot. 'rhioi """ ...... .,..r.,11,,· """' lo,•· 

,\1h1•11i11111o.,·111·n1l11. 

• .\11111l11•r 1•11rly 1111•1h1•I Lo m11• n·1••r1t•l ur lh1• irn•1t 

11lnl.,•m1111, 1'h1•mi•h11·h.,., \\"hilo• 111• "'"" in 1•i..ilo· fl'l•m 

hi.I llnti\·,, 1•>UUlry, 11111' of hi11 fri1•111l11, wi•hi1111: lo 

cv111n11111it·nll' lu him lh•• n"""" !lint the• limo•""" rirn• 

for a n•\'oll 11111111 l'l•l11r11 tu fK•w1·r. 11h:l\·1•I th•• h1•ul 

of Olll' lJf hill lllU\ .. '11, IRlllM"'' tho• 1111.,.1'111, .. ' ii\ i11d1•lil•h• 

i11k u111lw lo,im• •kiu, und 1111\·inir wuih•I lomir t•1101111:h 

fur llll• gn1wi11ir huir tu '""'"r tl11• •·rir-

, ir..r. 111•11l ll1t•11hl\"t• It• 'fh••111iMl1J<•lo•11 wnh 

lhv uml 111•'"""11'' 1h111 11" •·1111 lu 11hnvo 

lhe lllnw'• 111-:id. 

Hlstlatu•' Letterhead 

HJo:HODOTl"K ttoll• of n m'"""'~ -•t hy 11i11li11•u11 to ,\rU.111r,'Un111 

by lbe 11Rtne 1111•thod. 8i1111e tho nu.,,_ 

1111ge ,. ... t.u.tlUUl'd, it n•mnined on tlie 

11lrn·e'• heud. nnd For thi• rellROn llll• 

eautiou11 pc.•r11on, lo L'l'AH8 evid1mce or 

bill Cllllllllir.wy, ohen pu\ the slave to 

death ul't.er he l1u.d acaompli•hcd his 

errand. · 

Tho Rl'llL book printed denlitlJI' with 

arypteirr11pltl· i1I ChronolORi•'IL l\ly11lica, 

taken fn>m the m1111u111.•ri1>l ol Juhmm•• 

Trithe1niu11-l.fli~"-llH6-Abbot ol 

.1 

r 

·i i:..: 

'· 

iSJr:111l11·im :11111 \\'i1r1.l111ra:. "l'r11h1•111i11 .. luh11r1 ... I 1u11l.-r 

lh•· ,.u,.1111·1011nf1l1·al1111: 111 11111:."rul art... :.11a1l l1·r1 111 

u1b1•f1' tl11• 11111.:u"tl ut 11rm1111~ hi,. 1m11111·1·ri1••. II n11-

l"':u-. .. 11"" )"••ar,.. 11.(h"I" 11111 dr1.11b. l•ul ''" '"'l'i•·' •••rt• 

l111r111"ll t .... auM• hi" 1•u111t•1111111ruru.·· "•·n· 1111:11•1•· h•. 

1u11lrr:1laml ,,;111111•0( llw 111~' .. 1u• 1oymt•1I,. 111111 r.·L·m·1l1-cl 

llu•t.nokn•H 1n•:at11Ct•o11 mnm:ll'. 1-"ur 11111n• llm11 l11rty 

~10:11"11 llll' urit.:nml 111111111 .. 1·r11•l la.' h11l1l1•11 111 •• 1111111-

u .. h•r)', lh1·11 Ultl•·an-.1:u:ni111111 lh• l

1

11l,,.m:ru11hi1·. "~· 

ll:ol1ri1·l 1lo• l 'ollum,.,·•. l'11r1•, •~-a. 'l'hi• '""'"Im• :h•I r~•i..,.,., i• 1,,_.11111r1dl.•· ilh1•lr.t1t•I. arul '""'"Ill• uu111-

1111•ruhl111 nwtlaot.I" rur Jo1•1•n•I 1"t1rn• .. 1t1•1t1l1·11•"'"· U1·luui. 

i• 1111 mn~truliuu rn•m 1hi• ........ "hio·h ........ urlii· 

tr11r)· -;;ia:n ah1lml11•lt1 H~t."f.I hy dw 1•:.rly lirr111.111,a. 11111• 

L •: ~ .. .. .. 

'1~; : :•: ··-L1 

; ... 

:,: ... t:· ·'f! ,. . ,~ ., .. 1.!:?. ,., 'J 

-::.~ ' .. 

~ 

·.: 

l•d .. 

:• ,. j, ·. ·~·· 

·:· ••• 

'· ··~ : . ;,· ··: 

.. ;; 

...... 

·:-· !,.,,, 

-· 'll 

,, 

~~ 

•.:.: ... 

"!'' 

.. ·'· =. .. 

~ ' ...... 

· ....... !~~- .~ 

' 

~ .• 

.. 

)';' 

. 

.!' 

; 

·~· ,, ··-1.•(! .... 

'. :-

i1.: 

::.. 

, ... 

.i~' . , .. , . ~·= -:. •• 11 

.. 

.. , 

·;; ~~.(; . ..... :- ':.'·.: ... 

r. . ~:':. 

·~· 

.. 

... ,. • = • : 

r::,'. ~.'' 

:< ·!~ 

.... :. ... 1i

1 

~ ··:. .. ~ , ..... 

- .· •'· 

"1 t: .i' .. t. ,. . . 

' .. . ,·• . ... 

.. . ... ,

: .. !~ ,':'.t• 

"~l· '"'' .. ~ 

··! 

uf :;";ti al11h:1l11·t ..... 1-:u·h le•th·r 111 1•arh 

al1•lml•·• ••·11111: F1·f'n·•1·111r1l I•• n d11T .. r-

•·nl \\111"tl 11r 1•hra•1•. " 

In 1•111·i1•h1 rinl!' •h•· I• • l•·r ...... r 11 1111·.c·aa.re• 11u· alh•111111 

•~ 111:1111· t11,.1·h·1·1 "••nl· "1111·11. "he·u 1•l:n·1 .. l t11&... ·llH"r. 

11u1l.1• :.n iut.·llim:1l1lt• :&1•nh•11•"''· 'l"rill11•mlu11 ,;a\:lli 1lai:& 

l"llH b1• 1lu111•, rnul I 1•n·"'111111• it 1•a11. 31111•"1• ;,,,. i•n· 

1•i11l1t-l'l•r 111:•,,- M•l1•1•1 0111• uf :1";1i \\ul'll"' tur eitn•ll 

k·m·r. ·r1 ... bu .. 1do· •·•H•hlll'r"t•h•·r i• i. •. ,.. fm-.1 l1y 

l\\u 1•ruhJ.·1U,&, lie• 11111 .... l lir..il 1l1•h•ru111w 1h:111h1•rom1n111u1·:1t11111•·1111t11i111'-11bi1l1l1•n11n-:.111i11i=-. 1l11·ra i1b·u1ir,.· 

llu• l1·ll1•r •·: ..... \\'uni :&l:u11l11 rur. s ....... 1•:1t"b lt•lh·r 

"'" ........... ~ 1hlT1·1"1·111 " ..... 1 ...... '""" .. ill '"' ,,,. "" Hu•:cr1..: :r ,.,;rn11l1• 11111•. ' • 

~h11):11m• ~lari:a tit:• \'i1•turi1•a, tl1t• fa .. 111111111 \\UllUUI 

"'''·'' 1•:11•t11r. .. J iu .\1111•ri1-:• •h1r111:: 1Jw u:cr. ,,,. .... 1 a 

1111•lilit·:1tinn •tf 1hio1 ")"'11•111f11r1•11hl1•1•11111m11m1•alio11 

., 

" 

'· 

·' 

•·11li ho·r 11111.lt•r•. 'l'h1• lir•I lt•lh•r 111 

10:.ll"h •nnl ur 1111 1111:&11,.111•·111mc hu .... i111 .... ,. 

ra11l1•1trum h·1•n•:11·11h·1I 1i1:11n.;..:. aml 

th••"'f•, "lw11 :1rr:1nL .. •I i111:nu1i.,.11( riu• 

:aml .,.,,., ...... 1. ••·n• h111lt.111I J&1• i1111 ,.,;d,. 

'•••k. 'l'ho· k1·y• "''n.''1·h11111,., .. "t 1tfh·11, 

aml ""''"'"''Ill lu IH"r hy 1111~111• of "'•·n•I· 

ink loolh·l'll "111111."ll:l .. I i111u 1h1• l'nihod 

NI ah·- hy 111•11lr11l •1~11111•1111111l 11milt•l to 

h1·r 1hr.1uirh "'"'"'' 1-0\"1•r 111l1ll'I"'"''"• 

Trillll'mi11M 1'11~ 11u1 11111u11ly1•i1•ht•r 

1•x111•r1 nf 1 "" •ii.1 .... 111 h •••111t1ry •·ho 

wrn" 1•lmri..,•I wi1h .i.~1li111f i11 u11lawf11l 

11rlM, Tl11• "•h•hr111 .. 1 lo'1"1•111·h nm1h1'111a· 

1i1·iu11, \'1i·1t•, m•1rly ""'' hi- 1 .... 111 1,.~ 

1·;111.,•111' hi•1•ry111ni,:r.111hir •kill. l>urini:: 

th" l'loi11:11 uf th" •·n·m·h Kini: ll••nn· l\" 

1•i1>lll'r l'UFl't"<fKllllf••lll'l• •UM illlt'l'l'\•i111.J. 

.c ........... ·-•:11 

'l"A• W'A••f•fo11• Cl•ll•r. •.-Al61f•d I• 

l'•rl• I• 11/U. FAe l•••r.lll11llo6ef C•• 

......... d ••d •••• 0•• , ••• ,,.,. ,jfrllltNPJP ,,,._ ... ,, ..... ,. llr•• I>• P..,,.••11AI .. 1111 G•ll,.._, ~­ C•ll•_., l'•rf•• tatll 

T...,e .rt.••11 W'IH l•I•• ,.,. e~.,.,. 

.... ,, .............. If., ........ . 

••rlf••N W'llll 1 .. rr•ctl9•• GIK• 

·. 

, " 
(C••ff'l••d I••• P .... IOI 

"l"nll!S>I yo11 c·nn hear .iu111ethin11: iii· 

n:Uun.od nLout '"'I', is th11t it, clt>ar!"" 

1111id Ut-lll'Jll'tte. 

:'Oh. ii you imnirine I'm jl'ulm1•~" 

lr•ml't' llll'"\! a •1:11,oe laugh. •• 'fbe JN•"t 

Lo nhmy• ll1t- l••rit." 

"'Tim t" ~ ju .. t t 111.• tn111 hlr." {lPUl'J.'f'lle 

11ym)J11lhiz11d. "It i•! ,\11d it •t:.iy• i1L 

11ne"11 l.lc>ud. llo·mori"" 111'1! en~r :IO 

mut"b 1111>tt d1111g<•n1u• than t•·m111a1ion:1. 1Ju11"t yon ngn'I:' with mr, 

Hoa.... ,,r?" 

J.A-nore ... ...., from the tal1le. lremHing will1 anger. a.ud •IJOke in a loud, 

rbildillb \'Oio-e: 

"Conn• on. Jimmie. ll't 01< 1.oet out of 

IK'l'e ! I'm sorn.· I M you l'Ome ,down 

1odny. I really ought to a1iol01tize ror introducing you to aueh draclrul 

lll'Ople!" 

llf'l•-een the ("011rt or SJ1&in and the 

11111i-royali@t 111Lrty in t'runt>e. Thl' Kime 

willed for \'iele. who clillPO\"l'rN the 

n1e:111nge waM enei11ho•red •·ith nrty dirterent arbitrary 1igns. 1111d turned tl1e 

deeipberment o\-er to His l-lajeo&t~·. 

\\"hm the Spnninrdii learned or thi• 

they took their revelll[t' hr Al!l'u•inir tbe 

C'ourt or Frnm•e of ha.\'ing the de\" ii in 

tlieir em1>loy, nud dPnouneed \"il-te 11s 

den.ling in l11aPk ma.Kie before the 

eeeleioinstil'lll trihunnl nt Rome. Fortunate!)" for \"il!te, he wa1 BB t"le\·er nt 

exi-irion as he wns at eryptQf.?rnphy, 

and lill\-ed bil neek by explaininR how 

he did it. 

The 11eVenteenth eentury wu not ... ithout ils eipher experts. During the 

siege by the Kinc'• UOOJkto undP.r the· 

eommand of the Prioee or Condi. or 

the t011·n or Rl!lllmont-whfoh was defended by the llnKUfno18-tl1e Princ-e 

- on the point or withdmwillJl', rl11e to the detf'l'lnioed rel!iltance or the derendera, 11:ben • ml'llllllnger bearing • 

eipher dispatch ltom the town •"II• 

seized. Antoine Rossignol, the Prince'• 

tipher 11iza.rd, aolved the m~llllge in 

•hors order. Jt waa an appeal to the 

Huguenots of l\lontauhnn. telling them 

that the l!ILrrison was al1Q011t out or 

cunpowdc>r, nnd that the to11·n must 

surrender ii a aupply 11'1111 not immcdi· 

atel:r senL The Prince or Cond6 retarned the cipher and ils aolulion to the C!Ommander or the town, with th• 

adriea that ii eonditioDI were aa stated 

further loss or life was eenreely worth 

while. The commander or the itarriaon 

.... the JIOint and IUm!ndered. . One or the oldl!lt and simplNt P.iphers 

employed in military operations is the 

-llt'd Julius c-r eipher. In this 

each letter of the alphabet is repre- lleDted by another letter or tho alphabet: one, t'll"O, three, or four space11, 

either preeeding or follo•illlf the 

original Je&rer. In ic. simplest form, B 

equals A. C equals B. D equals t:, and 

80 OD. Though the in\'t'ntion or thi1 

ll,J'lltem is attributed to Cinar. it i1 

known that it ..... ulled by the Phc:eaieian1 and Cartl11&Rinian1. It continued 

in UM for hundreds or years, and in a 

modified form waa Wied by the OP.r- mau in 1870-i I and by I.he DritiJlh• 

foRlell during the South Afrimn War. 

Edgar Allan Poe'1 Gold BUIC i1 the most famou1 eryplogtam in fit1iun. 

Here the letters are re11iwented by 

arbilnlry 1ymho11. This method of IM'-

eret eommunicntion dalu bal'k to the 

ancient E~ptlan1, who v..00 'imr-Ie 

C!l')"Jltorrams to disguise trentiHI on 

macic. Poe, the author of the fmo111 

line, "l'et it may lie rvunrll)' 8811trtt.d 

REF ID:A44774 

7HB SllTUR.DAY BVBNING POST' 

"It •t"'m~ :1 \"t•ry jolly Iii tie purty 10 

me," Jimm1P l'l'plil'll t'lllmly. as he ftJlll!, 

"\\"ill_you L'XC'U>'I' me?"-lu 1lwo1lwl"ll. 

,\11d.111 h,.follo"'l"<l l.enure: •• Huu.-..tly, 

I'm havini: 11 .,..,.11 time." 

"II"' 11tk1.,. 11• rur 11 •id .. •hoyr ~ l>n um Iii• impmlt•m·P." llt"'l'J..*llll ~:1icl. l'il11• 

j11m1 .. ..t 1111. ~1·allL"rim.: n:111kin. hnnd· 

kt•n·hi1•f. 1111.t 11 •triuar or h1.·:11k thP)" 

11·;ont 11111.lini: to th11 lluur iu lht• un· 

brol.1•11 •ilt•11t't'. 

"\\" 1·11."' •h~ 1·rit·1l, l11ui:hi11g h~ •h•ri· 

r:1lh·. "l'o•rl1111•• 1"'1 llf•tlL'r 11111·1. nw 

liuiio. t .. ·ture I'm n•l•l'd to."" .. Xon .. e:•n.it•. (;t.'Orgt: .. 1tt•: sit dt.1w·11:· 

said Ho)?t'r •t•·r11ly. 

"Xut 111m"t·ll•t• ut ull! l.c•nott'd c·a· pnble or unythini:! Do you think I 

don't know hnw •hl' thl'l'W ('ec·ill' ('nrpt>utt>roul iu tbt> mid11leor the night?" 

"Thnt i~ 1101 true." 

"Oh. you cur. 't huMh it up. r wn•n't 

hl're. hut 1 he."Ll'li all aboqt it. l'~\"Pry. 

unt• knowR. HI:~ •impl)· ordel't'd ('p1•1le 

uut or lhl' bo11.i1 nl thl'\'e o'c•lll<.'k in lhu 

m11mi11K-YDU0c! fCOne to llf'd, I '"'" 

lit•\'l'-hUI 1111' t't'OI Wel"t' cl11no·i1111:. 111111 

l.t•UUl"l' ![OI j1 :1luu' or l'yril, I ... , .. '"""' __ .. "llt'Ol'JEl'lt<!, I furbicl you--" 

. "\\"ell. \'Ml t:nn't forbid all Hrrn1tl· 

1uir frmn i1.ll:i1111"! Oh. you m'f'lln't ho: 

"" 11•haml'd of it, l<ol!f!r. l know y1111 were murrie1l to n Ind)· IM•fun• . ...., you 

111'1' 1101 U>'t'<l lo thi• MOrt or lhintr. Hut 

it's jn•t a flllle ha.hit tbul 1rnm·• on 

"11r~..,..,.rut n"t"-'""'""· t;on10:1i111"" th .. ~· 

1.~t •110ilcd. und l1t.'l(i11 to l11:li1•\'e thl'y"re 

di,·ine: u mPrl' or1li1111ry mortul d111'1'l< 

to t'NllM tht•m. Ho tht>y Himpl)" 111·n~.1111 

'Oetout!' h'Hc1uitenatural. lt\\·ould 

be a great relier, of voul'l!e, to )-ell at 

cc ............ ,,.. ....... u 

thnl human inltl'nuity Pnnnot eont'OC?t 

n c·ipher \\ hit>h humnn ingl'nuily l'llnnul l't'-oh·e," rnn n t>ipher l'Olumn in hiM 

nPw•1>11p('r, d1•fyiug his renden tode,·i~ 

n rry111ogram 'll'hic:h he eould not rend. 

Ju1t how mul'h Poe knew a.bout the 

prinei11le1 of 1•ipher as dl!\·elotll'tl JOO 

yeurs lnt•r, during the World \\'nr and 

after. iH not known, but be WILi! c:lenr 

l'nough to deeipher all mE'lldllges 1ubmi11ed to him except two which 11"l!re 

unfair exampleR of the art. h iH eom- forting lo kno\\· thnt Poe, de.pile his 

gl'nius, ma.de mec:buni1'lll errors. The 

frequeney· ta.hie fur his ciphl'r in the 

Gold BuR, as orii.oinally puhli~hed, did 

not ngree "ll;th the l'l')"Pl~m. In 

•·riling the story. Poe round it llllC!es11/ll"Y' to make a slii:hL ehunge in the 

t'l')"ptogrnm. hut failed to make the 

neret1sary ehnn11P1 in the frequency 

table which ltll\"\! the number of occurrences of ea.eh aymbol. • 

SHlllnB Cl/111.•n 111 Ill.ab,,.,,. 

Philip II. or i:lpnin, in 11;;2, used a euriou .. tooking cipher for eorrcspopd· 

ence with hiai brother, John of Austria. 

The origiJULI is in the arc hi \"l!R nt 

Rim11nea1, Spain. It is a lnrge ta.hie 

made up of the letters of the alphabet, 

eon80bant-\"Owel diRraphH aueb ILll IJG, 

be. Iii, b<I, Im, nrul eommon triRJ'Dphs 

such u BU:, CRP., PRE. Tbe ripher 

11ymhols a.re lettl'ra and one and two lpre rombinnlions modifted by ? • , ! 

and the 'like. To enci11her "e11·ptog· 

raphy" it is flrat divided C R Y P 

TO GRA P H Y. and eDC?iphcred 

equ.'\ls I 1418 916? 4 .. 9 518. I ahourd 

like to llC!e the modem telegrapher C!OPY 

thiR O\"er the wire. 

Tliere are extant 111!\"l!l'lll hundred 

l!'ipher pages of the Eliza.bethan period. 

In one the Queen of F..ngland il"Ariea" 

and the Kint of Spain, "Scorpio." In 

another cipher the Pope is "Be11-are" 

and the Jo~mperor, "DouhL" Father 

Cr!'iJrhlon and Father Parsons are "Wea.el" and "Ferret.." In still another cipher •·e find the Queen Mother 

u "llea.n "and tbel'reneh King. Henry 

III. "Ignomot." French eavalry are 

"ells or velvet," nnd guns, "barrels or 

.rail." 

llore hns. perha(lll, bt"en written 

about the l1ililersl Ra.ronian cipher. attrib11tPd to 1..ord Bac:on, th1LR any other 

sin1de rorm Of BCC'l'l!t l"Omm1mic:ation. 

Jn tl1id eipher the entire alpha.bet may 

he expresled by the two letten a and b 

in l'Ombinations of fl\·e. 

A-- 1-...i. c-..i.r. n-oohu E-111- r-a.. ... o-bo .. h R-lmla r-••'- ,_,.._ 11.1 ... b L-•...,• !II-••• ... s-bl..., n-hhl•., 

f:ll:\~ ~=~t 1:::: l:=t 1::= 

One of the theoriea of the Baeonian• 

is that the •·ise men of the pnst did not 

dare •·rite their aeientiflc diaeoveried 

for fear or being put to death. Thu1 

they left to Posterity their knowll!'dJte 

by means of the bilitcrnl ripher. Thid 

wan done by usinR" two dilYerent kinds 

of ty1ie in printing their lilerney .et. 

forts. Thia theory ftouri11hes beenUllO or the fru!t thnt hooks of thi1 period •"Pre 

actually printed 11ith dilferent-ahnped 

typ4o. Those \\·ith thin ed!IH are calll!'d 

a's, b;y the Baeoniana. and tbCNe with 

thieker linea are b's. Thus, if there are 

four letten 11'ith thin edges-a'1-nnd one 11·ith hen,·ier linea-b-we ha\·e 

aonab, 11·hich equnl1 the letter bin the 

blliternl eipher. Continuing in this 

fashion, many student• M\"I! given the 

world some curious readin1111. Excavation• hnn aetually taken pince in 

•:n1tlaod for hidden treaaure DK a resul~ 

of these deeiphennents. One rending 

rrom the orii.oinal of one of Shnkapere's 

pla)·s, if 11-e are to belie\"e the decipherer, is a mellllllite from t'rnnei1 

Ba.con, •·ho .iates he i1 the rightful 

11uthor and the illeiritimate aon or Queen Elizabeth. I should add what, 

no doubt, the reader already knowa: 

The type are different beeaull9 they 

11-ere made from imperfeet mold• during the early forms of printinR". and the 

ao-ealled a letters and the b letters are 

IO nearly alike that the decipherer 

may use hi1 own imagination in his ae- lection. llenco the&e eurioua deeipherment•· Count de Mirabeau, French orator 

and statesman during the Frenl'h RC!\·olution.invented a veryinirenlou1eipher, 

eapeeinlly for that period. It follo11"1: 

I i 3 4 5 

of1ma aibaa bclr1 eq1td pa7vj 

12345 12345 t2345 12845 12345 

• The order of the letters may he 

changed at 11;11. In thi1 eipher ~h 

letter i• represented h)" two fticurea. 

In11tead or 11·ritin1C 32, 22, 51, 31, ·II, 34 

for "cipher,'' the fiirures are 11Titten in 

.325343 . two eolumn11. 2 2 1 1 1 4 Smee tire 

1rUl!lll1 who initnte ;you. and ord1•r 

them out of your houae. I quiJe un1for-

"'und it." 

"'&do I." !ID.id Rogerstemly. "Hut 

I clon't clo it .• \nd neithf'r does l.t'non•. 

\\"ill !'OU 111 fo,'l' me. t:eol'Kl!ltf•, "·'' 

t11lmi111: clown :11111 liui,.hing the w1•·k· 

t"rHI lu·rP in 1•t-1n"e? •• 

'"1'b:it'" thl' nea""'t )"ou'\-e t•\'Pr · c·mrm lo gh·ini: lllP 11n ill\·i1:1lion, Roi.'l•r 

dmr! I no•n•r tlm111thl l"'foro: tlmt I 

w:.i" I ruly •u•lc"CJme in your. hou~• ! " 

"S1•r\'I' r111T1~· on the temu-e," Ro.,•r 

lolol lhP mnicl. "\\"ill ~·ou come 0111· 

•i•lt·~·· It,. •nid IO his R'I'~"''"· ".Ami 11·r•'ll 

ha\·e ''?.tree with :\Ir. nahl"lly und 

IA·nul't'. 

Rut "ll"hc>u thc>y 11"1'111 ouMdc on thP 

terrnre. l.Pnore and ~Ir. D11lw11y h111l 

~ne. 

(To at: conr:u:1m) 

no ml!llning-in order tn diocont'C!rl the 

ha..tile dl'C•ipht•1'•r, With thl' u•e of 

nllllR, the won! "cipher" may re111l 

632S3743 • 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 The t•"O honzoatal 

linl!!I are now lll!nt H the mC1W1trl': f~J:!.'i. 

3i-l3, l:!".!1, 1214. Thead\·antngeofthi" 

ini=enious "Y"tem i11 that it hn.s th• nppenranl'4!' of rode and •·ould, bcc-uuitc' or 

lhi11, offer ROme diffirulty or llll!Uticlll. 

Uruoloed Cod•• of tll.e lleoolutloa 

The re\'01\itional')" riphl!l'll . are or varied type11, 80 varied indeed I hnt 

11111ny writinRH of Jellerson. llndi110n 

and Monroe remain undec:ipherecl. 

thouldi many attempts have been made to read them. There are alilD in the 

00\-ernment al'l'hi\"C!S many pnlll<lllt!K 

in diplomatic eorre,.pondanee tha.t still 

remain a my11tery. The aitempts _!IL 

dl!t'iphennent ha,·e lieen,mnde by 111,.. 

torians: lo rny inowledire. no proft•r 

aional annlyRt has ever 1111derta ken the 

task. One or the me\hod• during t~iM period ill a ta.hie of nlpha.lieta used with 

a key. In n ll'lter to :\ladillon from 

Edmund IW.ndolph 11·e ftnd: "Let !he 

ke)· word he tho no.me of the NC'R'l'O 

hoy 11·bo u..00 to wait on our oommo11 

friend. ~Ir. Ja11. ~l;ufoo0n." Tile Nt'ltl'O 

boy's no.me was C'upi1l. . Dietionaril!ll were 11b10 ullC!d d1rnnR 

this period, a numl'l'lll indit"atinll' thl' 

pal!'! number, ,\ or 11 the eolurnn, nml 

Roman numernl" the line. A eode \\"uni 

\\"Ould then rend: "45 ,\ xxiv.'' Speeinl 

eode11 were alMo mncle up eonai,.ting or 

lellenr, syllnhlcs, names of pen101111, 

. plnet!!', and the like. nnd eDl'IL given a number. This type of amnll eode eventually led to the modern t'Odea used hy 

go,·ernmentR nnd the husineti~ world. 

GO\"l!'rnments, for the most part, are 

inlere11ted in 11eercey only. The buMi· 

ne111 world, interested more in l't'On· 

omy uses codes containing 100.000 or 

mo~ word• ancl phrn- whic:h are represented by nrhitral')" fh-e-lettl'r 

groupoi 11ueh as bnlllftf, /al.."G10, ulr11tl, 

1tiirlo. The t'llhle l't'gulationa permit ten· 

letleni of this type n11 one ehnrgeable •·ord. 'Piie sentenee "When ean you 

ahipnne Lhousand bngsofeo1Tee?"m11y 

he encoded: Sliilu-•·hen l'an )"OU 

•hip-and /n'knw-one thousa.nd boi..'11 

or eol'fre. Sliilo and/11ka111. ~two eode 

words repreocenrinir th•ae plira!lell, are now joined togpthPr-..tido/al"Gto-nnd 

1ent as one r.able wonl. Here 'll"e hll.\"e 

nine words redured to one. 

During the World \Ynr "11"1! found 

this same type of aeeret eommuniention 

amonir •Pit!!! ••• t'nde bsA l'eeO\"C!red .. ia 

""'e are no loniier under 11uspirion," 

and "l'ncle i11 ill" is "\\"e are under 

au11pic>ion." Hometimes more definite 

inronn:stion is eonveyed. "Plense go to 

Selfridi:e's and buy me six hlo1111e11 on 

Friday nPx:t" rnean1: "Six rnirle111 will 

bomb :\lnnnheim on Friday next." 

ftlfUreM r., i, 8, 9, 0 do not oeeur, thCRe 

mny be u.wd n11 nul11-flgure11 that ha\-e 

In •Titten dispatl'hea durinit the 

(;j\·il War, the ConfL-der:ltl'll lllll'fl nrhitrarr -ignA aft•r the mannt'I' of th<' 

Ch11rletn11J1:Rt' alphabet -i'110.,·n on 
84 

TABLEAU by Johallloa i1 a totally new 

il!ea in candy Jlftbsiaal 11'henwer J011 

live, roa now cua hur oandy lnnn a lam01111 

-ker-and he1ureolpeolec1,glowin1lresho 

neo1 .,...,.,. lime! 

The pac-kage ia 1111111t, sparkling. modern. 

A pacbp you caa gi•e with prirla ••• Lua 

umin;l11111c1111lr. And 1here'1 1U1 --.t111en1 (..., 11\ery IUhl and piane 1 

r..., gil'la, for penonal enjO)'lllftt, whr 

ri1k inferior eaadies rl'nP ••• now that 

JohDllon t!lren/rcalura. ,_ am -

• 

REF ID:A44774 

THE SllTUR.DAY EVENING POST 

n1Hll'I', 1111111• • .J, nnurr, rrh, gerua, iuzd11, 

ld&z.r. 

'fhis method or Rent eol'l'f'l'pond- ence. in IL 11111clifil-d form, \\'R'I 11 .. 1:d by 

Hielwliru. The steneil i• pln•'l.-d rm a 

•hPet of 1>-11ier 111111 tht' 1m .. ·11l!'t' written 

throufl'h the holes: in thi• 1·11i<e the i<ten· 

di i• not turned. beim: ra•ed in only one 

pr>sition. When it i• r ~1110\'ecl, only a rew. rli:11··•1111crted words 111111enr. It i• 

110\\· left I•> the inirenuity of tl1e writer 

to fill in the lines so that they mnke 

intt'lli1,ril•le senltmr•c:.i. Thu n..•ipient 

plnre• a .luplir•ute stencil cn·er the mes-

"''U,<e uml 11t.'CK only the \\·om• Jh11t are 

i111.endccl to l'On,·ey thl! real meaning. 

'fhi• mt•thod was nl.io u,;ecl by (lermun 

"l'it'i< during the wur i11 1111 attem11t to dl'fent the ee1111or, but tlal! awk"·urd 

lan1,'11t11:'! neer•i<11ry to fill out lite 111""" SIJ.'t! ui<uully bi:trays tlte "ystem. 

llnny new~pupers tr>tlny e.'lrry "imIJle vn·ptoirrams i11 their puzzle eol- umns io 1111 thet'ra,·ingof tbeAmerir1111 

puzzle-lieut mind. Theoie show the dh'i· 

Fi on of words, rrijl jt b lb11onrJ, nnd the 

like. And many readers )10\'e 1lenlo1ied 

amaidnir skill at their 110lution. thouglt none I kno111· or e\·er think or bu\·ing 

before them the stnti~tic:• thnt •·ould Ito 

of assiPtnnee. They know in a vague 

1111y thnt e is the mo•t frequent letter 

in Engliijb, but not n L'l'•:nt deal more. 

Thelll' nnd m011t of the other t'iphers I 

ha\·e nu:ntionecl would not be \'ery 

dimeult for the 11rofe1111io1ml eryptOl(-

rapher to soh"I!. llis first step is to 

index every letter in the meNuge 11·ith 

it• prefix and sumx letten. Sul'h ebarts 

de\·elep surprising beha,·iors. But 11·hat 

they indieate cunnot be appreciated 

until we ha,·e done the same thing 

11·ith the •:nirlish language. Based on a C?OUnt of 10.000 letters nnd redueed. to a table of 200, •·e find that the relative 

freriuene)' of English letters i1: 

183 6 8:164 312131278 

• e d • I r l i i i I • 

H IG 0

t 0 13 12 17 II 2 3 0 t 0 

•• ,,r•I•••••• 

The mOl't frequent letlen are e I 11 a n i r • h and thl' leBKt !I z 11 j t r. The 

vo11-elic a e i a u 11• reprei<ent about 4.0 

per eent, the hiirh-lrequeney cons().. 

111Lnt1 h n r • t, about 31 per eent, and 

.. \ .. -: .c;-i~i.·: I 

0 

... 

' 

.... ·- -· 

Nonmhr '1, 1081 

tha low-frertueur•y ronsonait1j k !I" :r 1. 

11!811 than 2 per cent. · 

But we ~hould alFo know aomethimr 

a.bout diJ:n1phM. 811•ed OD .. P(IUDt ... r 

20.000 M tcrs, 11·e ftnd that tA Ol"f'lll'll 

fifty time11, and r·r. only sixteen. The 

first thirty high-frer1uent'ydigraphsnl't': 

ll-41 .. -3.'I 11-2.\ 111-24 11-20 or-Id n-411 ii-31 n-2.\ rc-2:! io-18 ••-I~ 

.. -311 '4-30 n-:?:i 11-2:! 11-11 dc-l•i ••-38 M-31 of-25 111-22 ii -17 11-111 re -36 11-:!d or-25 ii -20 n-17 rt-16 

This tab)I! 11·i11 tell UF e\'l'R more. We 

l~arn that "the" will 0<-eureir;hty-11i11e 

llrul!ll. and "men" only 111·enty. The 

11..,,1 fifteen trigraphs are: 

.. -Ill lio -3.'I ..a -27 1•d-M fer -33 Iii -25 •• -tr --31 ,,,, -23 clll-311 ha-28 orl -21 -"'36 ... -21 --211 

But 11·e 1hould know more than thiahout the behavior or English letteni 

for the so~ution of e\'en 1imple c:ry11togram11. \\ e examine 10.000 11·onLi amt 

record the letter& they begin and end 

with. Reduced to terms of 100, we find 

thnt though the letter e is by fnr the 

m011t frequent letter in Englillh, it be111in1 word1 only two tima Ou the 

other l18Dd, •will end words more often 

thnn any other letter. The letter o Lo a high-frequency bet;inninll'. but a ,·en· 

low-frequency ending. The C?Ompletl' 

table follow•: 

l«ttn•••••tr• i lailill 918S2t2131 

Fiul l--JOl78t:I 

i I• 

I 2 ~ 

I 6 I 

Ltttm 

Initial 

f1nll 

aelpfrl I •11rs1 z 2102-tSITl-7 a 

ltl-11111-1-8 

A prelllHumx table will tell u1 aome- thing w.-e ba'-e never thougl1t mu .. h 

about. We leum that vofrelllwill be followed and preeeded by more different 

letters than •ill eon11onant1. In othrr 

word&, c, the highest-frequency \-Onl • 

will ba\-e more dilferent suftlxes and 

prefixes than will l, the highest-frequency eon101111nt. We di1C?O\W that 

all other high.frequency vowels and 

eouonants behave i11 the ume manner. But w.·hat Rood doea this information do ua7 Thisdiseo,._ 

eryenablea us in a sinJde 

1ubstitutlon cipher or 

any length almost at 

onee to identify whieh 

cipher letter& are \"Owels 

and whieh are C?OMDnants-a Ions lltride to- ward IDlution. 

Further 1tatilltil!I •ill 

tell 1111 the order of doublets and common tlu-ee 

and four letter endinp. 

sueh aa iwg, lion, 1111:nt. 

\\" e then have bet ore us 

the frequeney of. single 

· lettel"B, al digraphs, of. 

trigrapbs, or begiunin1l9. 

of ez1dinp, al doublets • 

and the method for diaeovering vowels and 

l!OllllOD8Dtl. \\"ith these 

data 11-e are in a better 

poaition tolOlvearipber 

than if we merely had 

the vague idea that ., is 

the n1C111t frequent letter. 

Germany, during the· 

war, often nsed tran-poBition eipheni of a mixed 

eolumnartype. Thekey 

ii formed from a wonl or phrae-for example • .. St. Mihiel llfflOr.'" 

Conseeutive number• 

JI 01•• c,,.a., W'ltA • ll•r••I Jll111ll:•••t ••II .. ,. .... ,.. ••r••IAl,.A••- are now plaeed O\'er tht> 

letter& or the word key 
REF ID:A44774 

THB S.R.7URD.llY EVEN/NO .POB't 

i11 1lu• rml.·r in •·hi1-t1 lh1• lrlll'ni 111,,.· 

N=<T i•11li. :•!1•ll.\hcl. The 1;umer11l lid 

;t· .. , .l 'f·' t ! "~ :! t\\ '"" 1 b1.· tir.,t e: 3. e)\"t..'lr l~ •• •\ \ u;:.,{, ~ ·l U\'l\f It.; 5- u'\·~r i, ond :-0 

.-\ ~ i.n1 h :trr 1•f 1 h1• ... ·um• foni:1 h 1111d ;: · "1H"i1tl1•'rt. ... l ii\ lln.• ='II.Ult' 1'.t·~·. at f,d,)111\'i-. 

lh:n 1!•·· • lmn·:» or l"'dti.•IJ ••f u ·h 1..i. 

., ·-'J1·~~ ..... . . t·l'l"' ·- " 'f ......... 11'1"'" "!?' ....... ··, "•":W-: .. "';." 

J: l; :.: ! I II 2 T l~ 3 I II ' 10 Jo i .'' i ~ i 1 I r t r· I • rh'r , £ th\· ,•11:·i!1·1I le'\I for tl .. • .. u,•, j. 

tht' ,.am•· n~ fur th•• t•lh••r. l"t·l··•·I 11:w 

J1:1ir "' ' ... ~ !1':'"". \'erti ·:,liy. v. hi. t 1· •• 1:. I ... 

l~l,rl1' t•f ..,\ ,.,.111m.u11 d1.,· :-.i.11h ur\\'i1 h 1:1,· 

,., ....... ('l.!if1':'' :-.1 .,ufe(""11:.• ut }1;,•?(1'~.r '" .. ~~ 

•~111 .. llm•.·:••1•11h·: tlm~. l:il:•: ~Ti ·•11 t-

.. JI ~ r. ; I~ 3 H !I n• trr l'. ir !i-r l~:iu11i.,.:ur :i \\'ur.I. ·' '·!ii lot, 

f i I f\.'l!ll1"-'l"l! IW'I U?1) .. ..:\fl;•fe(l\'l't.ll IP i!)i.\\1,.• ii. , .! ,, • r I C' I a 

.I r .. , I /' ' 

I' l d r 

r • l • 

6 • a " /1 • .. r l111J /, •·liio-11 i:iw11 u• ~ 10 -..·l.irh 111~~· ' • ~.··•i h :,d • 4~· in 1~111"' vt:rli~-:tl C."f'lnmn~ iH 

,i,1• ""L ;1·.:" t:i·,'t.'ll t,~· t!IC' kt·Y~ llF•. Trtr, 

~-- • ••Ur~ ••• ··1:' '·11. ;'1u .. "C''· it-. m. I~ • 

.. ... ;. i'!•.:i g. ·r~,·11:· nt<"6:'!lJ!t• i:'!fl nn\\' M""nt. 

,..., i.r•.,.•'11•" ••l ti lit' j1•1h•1'1C. 11"h(' l1Jt•thu1l t')f'. 

"!'- ·~ •n,,: .. h • .:1• .... lr.111""μ..1.:hion 1.·i1th~r" ,-.r •'- ·"" ;\·1-.· \•}':C!'~J1l:ri.uc"l }~'tu~· nrcit-·Jf.• i:1 ~ .... :'l. 3 1.1·.~n ln~\:t' of l Ht. ~.'11'HIHT 

.• : .. -.,·~-; l' .... r. wl1irb, l•rit:'!ly. i.; :.?:P. ~I'"'' .,\ .. ·1 \' uf ll:t• 111nnh,•r nnd iffl•~lh nJ 

,1;,. "'- 1uRn1..:, 'l"h"'·:e~ nn1' tb••n brnu!tht s .. ;.•1:ti:ic-r :.1111 1 he mc-is.-.i..'\' i111•il''t°<I 0:11. 

W!;.en thP Otnn:ins fh:ully di.,,.wtn ·1 di:1t f-i11·.:.1•""''r='ll"'J_1 .. hi1Jn 1·i;11.1·r~ 

.... u11tl 1>1•"'-•l\'l'tl, lhl'y turnl'li tulh<••louldl' tm11~110>-ition. We hnn• a do11ul1.'-

tr.111•po..ilio11 ri1•l1t'r if \\'I.' luke ti•<' exRJlfJ•lt• :ihQ\'l' 1111\I "Till! it Ulld<•r the 

F:ll:ll.' k•')o': tb11s: 

lll3S5t6 

.. ,.,.,., 

f•1•i••t 

'•••Jlll 

12 3 I~ 9 ID 

i • a II I r 

• I i t r I 

I ' r • 

,, l{P• 

b I

.I 1 r " tli~ I I' ' I '. rnt 4. 1.:t 11 ;r,,'!\."Ull., y.:rl: "'t U."::lra:.-:..,?t':"". 

1111 oi•l.iilic!l."ll <'tlJlll•in~Liun~. "''' 1~· ~· 

:rn.u1l:•:r (b,ir. Ir~ is 11ut 11 1111;J, il 11111•1 • 

llf' preo.·l'lt. ... ! h~· r. A~ •T t-i o. hi;:b· : ~ 

fn-q111•111·y di~rn11h, "''' try : wl.1rh : 

gin•.-i "" " ,\ftur ~11n·r .. 1 trfal~. \.-t• .,. •r 

l•'<'t '" ,lic>r ··) 1'..'rt s111,")..'t'>t~ fut o\"l:ut. ' tZ 

• "' nirr (i or e) • \\ e lry ., 111111 huvt• ,.,.1 1 ~lll<'ll 

\\"t' ure •lt':tli11J(' l\"itlr 111ili1ary ri11!rt•r.c, t11c.rl su~t~l"" .\uh·ri1•:1n. 1:h·j11;:- uz; 

.\llh~lrolll ln tl1iai Dlalllll'r 1111 lhl' It:!• ,,.. .... ,,,w4• 

tt'rs 11ro 1?1':Hl11ully J>Ul b:il'k iulo tl1cir ~. 

1•ru1wr plul.'l·~. i;hurt bit~ of g1•11le11PN t 

r1111I .,,lo! \\Ql'11~ 11n.• formt'<l \\'hi•·h 11ltimalch· 1w11ln': tbcmseh·~ intv th.1• .... ,.:.~ 1•i1".•l(t lnl¥~3\'?4'. 

'l'bl' dutnmy l••llers \\'ill IM'•'ume 11pJIOl'('lll only nt lhc very end. 'l'be l'Dm- j: 

pie-le R•Jlution is: 11 

TltA • oricaaFiralA ••1 Ualu 

G•••••IP1r1tia1X .r 

. 

I ' . 

,.~.. . . ~ . 

.· 

,'· .... 

Jno;ert al the l'11fl of tbl' Dlt'!ll!lll.'11 a 1lumm)" l••tler-in thit <:HRt', r-aud 

011t·I.' mnn• re::.t off tl:e \"erli•·nl eohm1a11 

i11 1h1: ord1'1' nr rlw k<'y. nu'g. aa/J. 11111/, 

,,;J. r1•r. rr1l1. rt"l. 1•!1', arz. r11. rill, iar, n·~. l"D· 11ml Ja·i11·· int" l!rc•i..:J>$ of fi\'e 

l•l!t'l'll. A •"01u1•11ri"·'" or the re"ull i11g 

v.n-11,111:•·111•·111 r.r the lrttl'N 'lll"ilh their 

.:.ri--'il1;1J orJ,·r \\ill show that tliey M\'ll 

..i,.,n:ero th•·ir rrl:11h·<' 1iosition' in '!ll'b 

11 m.1uncr n< •·utir.-1)· 10 prt'd11d11 any 

pi.'f:'in;: h•o(l•lfwr 11~ is done in soh·inir 

"~illJ:"lo• tmn.; .... ition. The J>l"l!Sl'nee or 11K" d111n111y lrucr ill 1l1e Pet'o11d trans- f'°"ilion f11rth1.'I" nCC!elltaatca tb11 disonh'I'. 

>"••r.\"ezl.llorr•r•lll'ill81fos f 

.,iTltL•/lfhdP 'f.:. 

'li:uw that "'" hM·e aolvl'd 'the ·!RCS• : • -· •Pl:"•· the- 11eiu .. atert is to di:ll"<l\'t'r tbe . kt-r so t lt:i I all the intt're~ph.-d mt!- ; 

1111.i:es in thiR key may he read. This will 1 

be fonntt \"Ill')" difficult until -..1! thor- : 

ouithly fnmiliari'.o> OUl'llelves •·ith tm11r I•~iliun l!i11ben1. 

For those •·ho bnve the eipher Ul'JlO 

and \\"ish to lenrn how to reco\·er the 

key, I IUJn."l'SI. they Ant encipher &e\"• : 

eral ml!lll!llget, and number the text · letters eonl!l!Culil·ely, 10 thnt they nmy 

better ob~n-e the dU.plnttmenL of tile 

letters wh.en run throuith a doul1le 

traRRposition. Sinl'C the Germans used a key of t~n lelten or more, .,.,, begin our experiments with this uumlicr of 

columns, and inercase the lt>ngth one . 

at n time 1111til th.e correct lengt.h is · • 

detem1ined. · I '· 

IYc.ry Sn::>w t:li!solv,,.·s il'I 

"Jvkewarrn water in5f:.,,-;Jlyl 

A quid. 11t11rt!' l"ou •h•Hlld ,...... 

lvury Soow but.I.le into 1u1ls, ihe 

insla111 iL touches 'M'lllt'l'-e\'rrt 

lu!..cwarn1 ,.-olL'r! ~nw yon slurtactly thr ri&hl tl'IR[ICr•lure rt>l' 

i.·aoll1ing r1ugile sill.11 aml "°'~··n. .. · i\'uw-110 waiting lor hot waler. 

1'ho111!'h "imple iii l!llDJlrnction, the 

1lm1l•ll'-tr1111~1'"~ilion •·ipher i>< llir• 1nost 

tblli<'lllt nf ull 11m(·ti1•al ci1·hcni to 

s..il<-c. lfnny :1llf•mpls lmt'e 1.t.-en rnado to~rrin• 11t n fom1ul11 ror thl'irsolution, 

,.;111 incli1T1•nmt ~111-cesd exeepl in I'll.res 

y,·l11're tbl.' enlire rl'clani:le Jms bean 

1111,'CI i11. Tht·re id. ho11·enr, Onl' weakllC'l!d In tl1i~ l'iJ)ht·r. During Dl'0

li\"I! cnl:R!.'1.'Dll'nl• in mo<ll'ru •·nrrun: hundreds 

of 111t'.11.-<:11t<'ll nre nl'Ct':lllD.ry, some ol 

W'hil'h are Pither &imilnr in eontl'llt OJ' 

of tho s:nut' l••ni:th. When tv;o meii- .. n~'l!d nre nt tho ~nme llmgth, they 

'lll.•Y llP .oh·('fl hy anugnwnmMizinr-a 

tnl'thu1l th;1t is worlh deSl'ribing. 

Proflfl!l6 b1.R11.olh•n Mhllllrn I . j N'o guessing at tcm1lft'11tures. ~u 

.%5 t'Xnm1•IC1J '111! will take 1be ml'!l1111!:" nlrl'lld,v enl!'i11herecl, and l.'Dci11h.er 

.anolht•r or the 11.~me length and write 

""'" below lht> other: 

..... , .. ,.,,,., ...... , ........ ,. 

••1rla11•rsraall 

I • 1 I • I I r t p i i 1 l·r 

i • r r I I p • f ........ ,. 

,; 

~ .... · .. :,\~ ... · " 

But thbi cipher. like all othen1, h1111 

still nnother \\-ealm- when 111:t.11nlly , employed. 'rhe Oerma1lll uM>d it for . wirell!llll eommuuica tion bet \\"eell Der- · 

l11•11lin:; Uj• eu1ls. Every t.in} hor} 

Snow',l"°arl l"'pa inLU rid1 hury 

· Jin aud the Balkans and their seeret. · 

•• • f~ ...... • .. 

llltf!llll in Tripoli. Now at1d tlien in the 1 , ,.,, r , , ..., 

rush or tmnle, the l!nl'i11herer fnilrd to r .. . .. . give the medsage a lll!l!Ond tran~position, whieb enabled our expt"rta at I :111 • :.,,;~: -~::~ ·((.'• 

O.H.Q. to d1scovl!r the b)· in short · ,,,., .. ,',,,·.,·;· •'·ih' or-ier •. In fact, the prolessiooa.1 Ana- I . Ir:·.~ . . . . -;J. • 

Jyst.'• suceihll is due in a grent me:1sure " 

to the mi~take~ or the enl'i(1l1crl!r-a . :~·:' 

tact th:it an1ateu1"11, in devi>.iug l'ipheni. ' -m often to fail to take:~nto &Cl'nunt. · • 

.::' ~.:· 

~- .· : .. ' 

r·. 

'Z:'•ilt .......... ;. t

•Y;·.:·. . .. . . ·: . I ~ ' 

i ~~~~ 

., .· ... ·1:. 

. . ' 

• 

~ f. 

.r 

.. ~11·li.-t:Jnf ou.: j,. k, fl 11mli'!lloh·1!tl 

111 'ti<·k lo Jelkar., "~ or &ilk. 

I'. S.-Al•uul tli;U h:.il'l'Y finish? 

\\' t"ll, h•Jl'y S111J\\" i• pure' I\ nry 

·Soap. So your precious clotht& 

t:IJl.;e out uf l\'lll')' Snow sudd look.-

in~ like ne"·! A l1nx or h·orr Sno11" 

C1A!ta only 15'-a liig I.toil: luubig enough lt• protecit l111111lrecla .,( 

tfullal'B "'Orth nr ltJn:fy clu1lae1. 

9 9 44/ioo 0/o PU R E 

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