{"id":129040,"date":"2023-06-06T18:31:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T22:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-445823"},"modified":"2023-09-29T14:09:54","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T18:09:54","slug":"what-is-the-vertical-motion-simulator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/what-is-the-vertical-motion-simulator\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the Vertical Motion Simulator?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\"><div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\"><p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">7 min read<\/p><h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">What is the Vertical Motion Simulator?<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em><em><em>The world’s largest flight simulator for high-fidelity testing of new and experimental aircraft and spacecraft designs<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Two pilots in a mock lunar lander cockpit. Realistic flight controls are seen and graphics of the lunar surface out the window.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">u003cemu003eInside one of five interchangeable cabs, a lunar lander cockpit is mocked up much like the Apollo Lunar Module, with the pilot flying in a standing position and manipulating similar controls. u003c\/emu003e<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA \/ Dominic Hart<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Driven by powerful motors and a system of hydraulics, NASA’s VMS (Vertical Motion Simulator) smoothly moves as much as 60 feet vertically and 40 feet horizontally within a 10-story tower at the agency’s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The VMS offers an unequaled range of motion in all six degrees of freedom \u2013 the six ways that an aircraft or spacecraft moves. There are three translational degrees of freedom (forward\/backward, up\/down, and left\/right) and three rotational degrees of freedom (roll right\/left, pitch up\/down, and yaw clockwise\/counterclockwise). This range of motion allows the VMS to accurately simulate all phases of flight, including takeoff, cruise, and landing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a given simulation, the VMS motion platform uses one of five interchangeable cabs, which can be configured to recreate the cockpit of any aerospace vehicle \u2013 whether it exists today or is being designed for the future. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1223\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?w=1223\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The Vertical Motion Simulator facility, seen from above. The white cab sits on a motion platform.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg 1792w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=179,300 179w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=768,1286 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=612,1024 612w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=918,1536 918w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=1223,2048 1223w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=239,400 239w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=358,600 358w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=538,900 538w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=717,1200 717w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/acd19-0059-025.jpg?resize=1195,2000 1195w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1223px) 100vw, 1223px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The Vertical Motion Simulator is the world\u2019s largest motion flight simulator, moving within a ten-story tower at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley. The cab can move as much as 60 feet vertically and 40 feet horizontally as it simulates all phases of flight, including takeoff, cruise and landing. Flexibility in both hardware and software allows the VMS to simulate the flight of any aerospace vehicle.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA\/Ames Research Center\/Dominic Hart<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Designers and pilots of fighter jets, tilt-rotor aircraft, helicopters, the space shuttle, lunar lander, airships, and more have had the chance to test out their vehicles before taking to the skies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A Life-Like Experience<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The motion of the VMS is based on aircraft math models developed using real data from actual aircraft, wind tunnels, and computational fluid dynamic analysis. This lets the VMS generate precise accelerations that result in a near-flight-like experience for pilots and passengers. Simulators with no motion or limited motion are useful for some development and training, but for the highest fidelity experience before actual flight, the VMS is the best option.\u202f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The out-the-window graphics \u2013 the computer-generated images that simulate the outside world and provide visual cues for the pilot \u2013 are highly customizable. The VMS maintains many representations of locations in the United States and abroad. Three-dimensional models, such as aircraft, ground vehicles and buildings, are included in the graphics, as well as simulations of various weather and lighting conditions. All the scenes can be modified, and new ones are created according to project needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flexibility for a Wide Variety of Vehicles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers perform engineering studies at the VMS to evaluate the effectiveness of flight control systems, rapidly test changes to aircraft design, or evaluate different flight-control algorithms. Aerospace companies, government agencies, as well as other industries use the VMS for developing aircraft or transportation concepts, and then later for flight control design refinements and to evaluate handling qualities.\u202f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Flexibility in both hardware and software allows NASA\u2019s VMS to simulate the flight of any aerospace vehicle. The flight controls, flight instruments and aircraft seats of each cab can be modified for different studies. Powerful computers and custom-designed systems enable the rapid development of high-fidelity, real-time simulation. This allows researchers to test handling qualities and tease out design problems and potential flaws before a vehicle is built, before it flies and, perhaps, before it lands on the Moon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Air Taxis and Urban Transportation Concepts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the cabs are reconfigurable, all hardware and software can be customized for new projects. Over the decades, the VMS has simulated a wide variety of vehicles, from fixed-wing, rotorcraft, and vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, to newly designed and conceived experimental craft, such as NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/X59\">X-59 Quiet Supersonic Technology aircraft<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1383\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Four passengers look out the simulated windows of an air taxi cab inside the Vertical Motion Simulator\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg 4255w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=300,203 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=768,519 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=1024,691 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=1536,1037 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=2048,1383 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=400,270 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=600,405 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=900,608 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=1200,810 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/vms_ride_qualities_cab_0.jpg?resize=2000,1350 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Four passengers participate in a simulation of an air taxi ride at NASA’s Vertical Motion Simulator, or VMS. Located at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, the VMS allows NASA researchers to study the limits of what makes a comfortable air taxi ride. The out-the-window graphics, along with the motion of the VMS cockpit \u2013 up to 60 feet vertically and 40 feet horizontally inside a ten-story tower \u2013 contribute to the feeling of a real flight, including turbulence and wind gusts.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA \/ Dominic Hart<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The VMS also supports research to create a safe and efficient air transportation system, which could involve passenger-carrying air taxis operating above populated areas, dubbed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aam\">Advanced Air Mobility<\/a>. VMS engineers and researchers are supporting aviation activities with the Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA, NASA’s National Campaign project, and the NASA Revolutionary Vertical Lift project by determining which automation tools can better help pilots, as well as studying ride and handling qualities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lunar Landers, from Design to Training<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The VMS is primarily a research simulator, where designers can test out their ideas and optimize the performance of aircraft and spacecraft. The VMS was originally designed to support research in the development of new aircraft concepts here on Earth \u2013 but it was also used to model vehicle docking maneuvers with the International Space Station in near Earth orbit. It can even be a valuable training simulator, as was the case for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/shuttle\/main\/index.html\">Space Shuttle Program<\/a>. Every NASA shuttle pilot received training in the VMS, and future Moon-bound astronauts may as well. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/vms-ac97-0375-2-side.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/vms-ac97-0375-2-side.jpg?w=350\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Screen grab showing the vertical motion simulator in motion from a time-lapse video.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/vms-ac97-0375-2-side.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/vms-ac97-0375-2-side.jpg?resize=240,300 240w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/vms-ac97-0375-2-side.jpg?resize=320,400 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The Vertical Motion Simulator shown in motion timelapse.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>With virtually no atmosphere and only one-sixth the gravity of Earth, the Moon will feel very different to a pilot behind the controls. As new lunar lander designs are developed, the VMS can perform testing and evaluation. The lunar lander cab features hand controllers that might be used in future lunar lander designs, and the simulator provides realistic visual and motion cues to the pilot. The VMS already has simulated two types of lunar flight \u2013 that of the Apollo Lunar Module and of the Altair, a lunar lander concept vehicle explored in the 2000s. More recently, NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/about-human-landing-systems-development\">Human Landing System<\/a> program partners analyzed and improved early lander concepts to deliver humans to the lunar surface as part of NASA\u2019s Artemis missions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The motion of the VMS in those six degrees of freedom is based on real data from research on aircraft handling. This lets the VMS generate precise accelerations that result in a near-flight-like experience for pilots. Simulators with no motion or only tilting motion are useful for some development and training, but for the highest fidelity experience before actual flight, the VMS is the best option.\u202f <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The out-the-window graphics \u2013 the computer-generated images that simulate the outside world and provide visual cues for the pilot \u2013 are highly customizable. The VMS maintains many representations of geographic locations in the United States and abroad. Three-dimensional models, such as aircraft, ground vehicles and buildings, are included in the graphics, and various weather and light conditions can be simulated. All the scenes can be modified, and new ones are created according to project needs.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learn more:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>NASA image feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-feature\/ames\/air-taxi-ride-quality-seeking-a-smooth-ride-at-the-vertical-motion-simulator\">Air Taxi Ride Quality: Seeking a Smooth Ride at the Vertical Motion Simulator<\/a> (Feb. 26, 2020)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0WaiAyU-3mU\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Vertical Motion Simulator<\/a> (Sept. 27, 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA image feature: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-feature\/ames\/flying-a-lunar-lander-right-here-on-earth\">\u201cFlying\u201d a Lunar Lander, Right Here on Earth<\/a> (June 3, 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OkTBbRukS3E\" rel=\"noopener\">STS-135 Flight Crew Trains on VMS at NASA Ames<\/a> (July 8, 2011)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Tm_WQIYO2zo\" rel=\"noopener\">VMS Pre History<\/a> (Oct. 13, 2010)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wslhjqdOEmg\" rel=\"noopener\">VMS Shuttle Sim<\/a> (Oct. 18, 2010)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Milestones:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>2022: The VMS upgraded all video infrastructure from analog to digital to improve the quality of the simulator images. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2023: The VMS will upgrade the out-the-window display from segmented \u201cwindows\u201d to one continuous dome display system. The dome system will be fixed to the motion system and the facility will transition to using interchangeable flight decks instead of the current interchangeable cabs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For researchers:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b7       <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/simlabs\" rel=\"noopener\">Ames Simulation Labs<\/a> homepage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b7       <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/simlabs\/vms\" rel=\"noopener\">Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) Complex<\/a>, at the Ames SimLabs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b7       <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/simlabs\/simulate-future-space\" rel=\"noopener\">Simulate Future Space at NASA Ames SimLabs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b7       <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/simlabs\/lunar-lander-handling-qualities\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Lunar Lander Handling Qualities Experiment at Ames\u2019 Vertical Motion Simulator<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b7       <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/simlabs\/vms\/technical-details\" rel=\"noopener\">Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) Technical Details<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For news media: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To get in touch with someone from the Vertical Motion Simulator, please contact the <a href=\"mailto:arc-dl-newsroom@mail.nasa.gov\">NASA Ames newsroom<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/lro\/nasas-lro-spots-chinas-change-6-spacecraft-on-lunar-far-side\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/default-thumbnail.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">2 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s LRO Spots China\u2019s Chang’e 6 Spacecraft on Lunar Far Side<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t47 mins ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/johnson\/johnson-celebrates-lgbtqi-pride-month-meet-michael-chandler\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg 7463w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/jsc2021e020518.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Johnson Celebrates LGBTQI+ Pride Month: Meet Michael Chandler<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 hour ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/johnson\/johnson-celebrates-lgbtqi-pride-month-meet-margaret-kennedy\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"245\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?w=245\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg 2700w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=245,300 245w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=768,939 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=838,1024 838w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=1257,1536 1257w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=1676,2048 1676w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=327,400 327w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=491,600 491w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=736,900 736w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=982,1200 982w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/kennedy-m.jpg?resize=1636,2000 1636w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Johnson Celebrates LGBTQI+ Pride Month: Meet Margaret Kennedy<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-missions\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg 3840w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans In Space<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"368\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?w=368\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=263,400 263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/climate-change\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Climate Change<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">NASA is a global leader in studying Earth\u2019s changing climate.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/icescapepondsample-lrg-jpg.webp\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System Exploration<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important\">Why Oceans Matter The story of oceans is the story of life. Life as we know it requires three ingredients:...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/pia06890-our-solar-system-banner-1920x640-1.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&text=What%20is%20the%20Vertical%20Motion%20Simulator%3F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faeronautics%2Fwhat-is-the-vertical-motion-simulator%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faeronautics%2Fwhat-is-the-vertical-motion-simulator%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faeronautics%2Fwhat-is-the-vertical-motion-simulator%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Sep 29, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\">Abby Tabor<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/\">Aeronautics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics-research-mission-directorate\/\">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/technology\/\">Aeronautics Technology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-directorates\/armd\/airspace-operations-and-safety-program\/advanced-air-mobility-pathfinders-project\/\">Air Mobility Pathfinders project<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/\">Ames Research Center<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/artemis\/\">Artemis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/simlabs\/lunar-lander-simulation\/\">Lunar Lander Simulation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/nasa-aircraft\/\">NASA Aircraft<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-centers-and-facilities\/\">NASA Centers & Facilities<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/simlabs\/\">SimLabs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/simlabs\/urban-air-mobility-simulation\/\">Urban Air Mobility Simulation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/simlabs\/vertical-motion-simulator\/\">Vertical Motion Simulator<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world’s largest flight simulator for high-fidelity testing of new and experimental aircraft and spacecraft designs Driven by powerful motors and a system of hydraulics, NASA’s VMS (Vertical Motion Simulator) smoothly moves as much as 60 feet vertically and 40 feet horizontally within a 10-story tower at the agency’s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":218,"featured_media":222258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"218","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2660,2874,10843,10528,2854,2681,12784,2821,2665,12778,12785,12779],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[10618,10924,12755],"coauthors":[10477,10808],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"What is the Vertical Motion 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Simulation","NASA Aircraft","Urban Air Mobility Simulation"],"dateCreated":"2023-06-06T22:31:00Z","datePublished":"2023-06-06T22:31:00Z","dateModified":"2023-09-29T18:09:54Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"What is the Vertical Motion Simulator?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/what-is-the-vertical-motion-simulator\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd19-0059-019.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-06-06T22:31:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Aeronautics\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"NASA Centers & Facilities,Ames Research Center,SimLabs,Vertical Motion Simulator,Aeronautics,Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate,Aeronautics Technology,Air Mobility Pathfinders project,Artemis,Lunar Lander Simulation,NASA Aircraft,Urban Air Mobility Simulation\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Abby Tabor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Rachel Hoover\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":7,"time_ago":"1 year","featured_image":{"id":222258,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/acd19-0059-019.jpg","title":"Lunar lander simulation interior displays and controls","alt":"Two pilots in a mock lunar lander cockpit. 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