{"id":142373,"date":"2022-07-24T20:06:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T00:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-480567"},"modified":"2023-09-29T14:46:39","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T18:46:39","slug":"why-do-research-on-the-international-space-station","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/iss-research\/why-do-research-on-the-international-space-station\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Do Research On The International Space Station?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1363\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of night lights on Earth and stars in background\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 44% 0%; object-position: 44% 0%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png 4256w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=768,511 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=1024,681 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=2048,1363 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=600,399 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=900,599 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=1200,798 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/yol_wdroi_7197236836_5f45cca1c5_o_-_why_research_-_don_pettit_circular_star_trails_0.png?resize=2000,1331 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">These circular star trails and the rainbow of colorful lights on Earth below them were created by combining 18 images with prolonged exposures into a composite photo. This image shows the unique vantage point station provides for both astrophysical and Earth observations.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The International Space Station is a modern marvel. Only 400 kilometers (250 miles) above our heads, it streaks spectacularly across the sky at 36,000 kilometers (17,500 miles) per hour, orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes. The station carries an impressive array of research facilities supporting hundreds of experiments at any given time across every major science discipline. It can host up to eight visiting vehicles and accommodate 11 crew\u2014all while providing an amazing view featuring 16 sunrises and sunsets per day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what is so special about an orbiting lab? What makes scientists willing to tackle the significant challenges of planning and scheduling research, designing and building hardware, and committing extraordinary time and effort to complete experiments? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s all about location. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An orbiting laboratory provides researchers with the unique features of low Earth orbit (LEO): long-duration microgravity, exposure to space, and a unique perspective on our planet. These attributes enable scientists to conduct innovative experiments that cannot be done anywhere else.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On Earth, everyone and everything experiences the constant pull of Earth\u2019s gravity. Scientists looking to eliminate that force for their experiments use freefall. An object in freefall experiences almost zero net gravitational force (thus the term microgravity) as it drops. While scientists have several ways to generate microgravity conditions on Earth, the event can only last for a short time. An orbiting laboratory is in a permanent state of microgravity as it continuously falls around the Earth in a nearly perfect circle, providing consistent, long-term access to reduced-gravity conditions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sustained microgravity is a game-changer for scientists across many disciplines. For example, humans are uniquely tuned to Earth\u2019s gravity. This force affects our entire body, from how hard our heart pumps to the density of our bones. Plants use gravity to determine which direction their roots should grow. Removing gravity gives biologists unique insights into the responses of all forms of life to new stresses.  <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of an astronaut working with a plant experiment\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 72% 100%; object-position: 72% 100%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg 5568w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss060e087838_0.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Personal portrait taken of UAE Spaceflight Participant Hazzaa Ali Almansoori in the ambient light of the Veggie experiment.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: Hazza Ali Almansoori<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Many physical and chemical processes also change when you remove gravity, opening up opportunities to study boiling, melting, fluid and gas mixing, protein crystallization, and even an ultra-cold state of matter known as <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bose-Einstein Condensate<\/a><\/strong> in ways not possible on Earth. For example, without gravity hot air does not rise, causing flames to become spherical and behave differently. Surface tension and capillary forces dominate fluid behavior in microgravity, allowing scientists to observe and measure the subtleties of these forces drowned out by gravity on Earth.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/eol.jsc.nasa.gov\/Tools\/orbitTutorial.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">space station\u2019s orbit<\/a><\/strong> differs from sun-synchronous orbits of typical remote-sensing Earth satellites, providing unique observation opportunities for scientists. A lower altitude allows instruments to obtain greater detail, and the station passes over a majority of Earth\u2019s landmass and population centers. The combination of a low-altitude fast orbit, a high orbital angle, and the slow rotation of the Earth underneath produces unique opportunities for observing a variety of locations, atmospheric phenomena, and natural disasters from different angles and with varying lighting conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?w=1280\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of an astronaut gazing out the cupola windows enjoying the view of Earth\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 19% 28%; object-position: 19% 28%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/iss067e033745_watkins_0.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronaut and Expedition 67 Flight Engineer Jessica Watkins enjoys the view of the Earth below from inside the International Space Station’s seven-windowed cupola.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credits: NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Having <a href=\"\/international-space-station\/expedition-missions-content-list\/\">crew <\/a>on board also generates options not available with typical satellites. Crew members can collect unscheduled data of an unfolding event such as a storm or volcanic eruption using handheld digital cameras. They also can provide real-time assessment to determine whether environmental conditions, such as cloud cover, are favorable for data collection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The orbiting laboratory\u2019s location at the upper edge of the Earth\u2019s atmosphere allows researchers to study the effects of exposure of materials, electronics, and even microorganisms to the harsh space environment for long periods of time, then return those items and samples to the ground for detailed analysis. In addition, the station provides power, data transmission capacity, and repair capability for astrophysics instruments collecting data largely blocked by Earth\u2019s atmosphere or magnetic field.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout the Benefits for Humanity publication you will find examples illustrating the wide range of scientific disciplines and technology demonstrations benefiting from International Space Station research. The impacts of these efforts can all be traced back to key aspects of the station\u2019s unique location\u2014the edge of space. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA Explorers S4 E1: Orbiting Laboratory\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yqHiShYGkZQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.issnationallab.org\/research-on-the-iss\/iss-research-advantages\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Read More About the Benefits of Microgravity\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Read More About the Benefits of Microgravity<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/benefits-for-humanity\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Station Benefits for Humanity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/opportunities-information-for-researchers\/iss-researchers-guide-series\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Station Researcher’s Guide Series<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"781\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_3862.jpeg?resize=900,675 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/opportunities-information-for-researchers\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Opportunities and Information for Researchers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg 6720w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ksc-20220711-ph-ilw01-0097-orig.jpeg?resize=400,267 400w, 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LinkedIn.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Sep 29, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\">Ana Guzman<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/\">ISS Research<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/benefits-to-humanity\/\">Benefits Back on Earth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/researchers\" rel=\"noopener\">For Researchers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\">Humans in Space<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/\">International Space Station (ISS)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Science & Research<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/why-go-to-space\/\">Why Go To Space<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The International Space Station is a modern marvel. Only 400 kilometers (250 miles) above our heads, it streaks spectacularly across the sky at 36,000 kilometers (17,500 miles) per hour, orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes. The station carries an impressive array of research facilities supporting hundreds of experiments at any given time across every major [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":149696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"64","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"128385","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[11285,3212,2846,2656,2735,2662,2799],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[3995,12225,8610,5093],"coauthors":[12410],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Why Do 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