{"id":168585,"date":"2021-11-22T14:29:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T18:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-475535"},"modified":"2023-09-28T12:43:14","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T16:43:14","slug":"55-years-ago-three-months-until-apollo-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-three-months-until-apollo-1\/","title":{"rendered":"55 Years Ago: Three Months Until Apollo 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In November 1966, with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-gemini-xii-closes-out-a-successful-program-paves-the-way-for-apollo\/\">Gemini program successfully completed<\/a>, NASA set its sights on the first Apollo mission to carry a crew. The mission, officially designated as AS-204, later became known as Apollo 1. NASA assigned Mercury 4 and Gemini 3 veteran <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-virgil-i-grissom\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"258537\">Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom<\/a>, Gemini IV veteran and the first American to conduct a spacewalk Edward H. White, and spaceflight rookie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-roger-b-chaffee\/\" data-type=\"topic\" data-id=\"258492\">Roger B. Chaffee<\/a>, as the crew to fly this important mission, with Gemini IV veteran <a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/McDivittJA\/mcdivittja.htm\" rel=\"noopener\">James A. McDivitt<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-gemini-viii-the-first-docking-in-space\/\">Gemini VIII<\/a> veteran <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/people\/dr-david-r-scott\/\" data-type=\"people\" data-id=\"90344\">David R. Scott<\/a>, and rookie <a href=\"https:\/\/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov\/JSCHistoryPortal\/history\/oral_histories\/SchweickartRL\/schweickartrl.htm\" rel=\"noopener\">Russell L. Schweickart<\/a> as their backups. The mission, planned as an open-ended flight lasting up to 14 days, was targeted for launch sometime in the first quarter of 1967. The crew trained extensively for the mission, including vacuum chamber testing of their spacecraft and practicing water egress from the capsule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_1_as1-0027-s66-41851-command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966.jpg\" width=\"251\" height=\"200\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"command_module_construction_at_downey\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_2_as1-0025-s66-41853-command_module_construction_at_downey.jpg\" width=\"248\" height=\"200\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"downey_w_white_grissom_jun_27_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_3_sm-012_at_downey_w_white_grissom_jun_27_1966_s66-40276.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\"><br>\n<em>Left: At the North American Aviation plant in Downey, California, workers prepare the Command<br>\nModule 012 (CM-012). Middle: At the Downey plant, engineers work on the CM-012 heat shield.<br>\nRight: Astronauts Edward H. White, left, and Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom stand in front<br>\nof Service Module-012 at the Downey plant.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning for Apollo began in 1961, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/60-years-ago-president-kennedy-proposes-moon-landing-goal-in-speech-to-congress\/\">even before President John F. Kennedy\u2019s call<\/a> to land a man on the Moon before the end of the decade. NASA awarded the contract to build the Apollo spacecraft to North American Aviation in Downey, California. North American planned to build two versions of Apollo to carry a crew \u2013 astronauts would test out the basic spacecraft in Earth orbit in the Block I version, while the later, more advanced Block II version, equipped with a docking system, would take astronauts to the Moon. Following two uncrewed suborbital tests of the Apollo spacecraft in February and August 1966, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-apollo-as-201-test-flight\/\">AS-201<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-apollo-as-202-final-test-flight-before-planned-first-crew-mission\/\">AS-202<\/a>, respectively, AS-204 was to be the first Block I to carry astronauts into Earth orbit. North American began construction of Command Module (CM) 012, the spacecraft assigned to AS-204, at its Downey plant in August 1964. Following extensive testing, with the active participation of the astronauts assigned to the mission, in August 1966, NASA and North American cleared the spacecraft for shipment to NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Engineers completed additional work at the launch site to prepare the spacecraft for its spaceflight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"crew_announcement_presser_prime_and_bu_mar_21_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_4_crew_announcement_presser_prime_and_bu_mar_21_1966.jpg\" width=\"464\" height=\"271\"><br>\n<em>During a March 1966 press conference, director of the Manned<br>\nSpacecraft Center, now NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston,<br>\nRobert R. Gilruth, right, introduces the prime and back up crews<br>\nfor the first Apollo \u2013 Russell L. Schweickart, left, James A.<br>\nMcDivitt, Roger B. Chaffee, Edward H. White, and Virgil I.<br>\n\u201cGus\u201d Grissom. The sixth crew member, David R. Scott, could<br>\nnot attend the event as he had just returned from the<br>\nGemini VIII mission.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Following the first successful flight of a Saturn IB rocket carrying an uncrewed Apollo spacecraft on a suborbital mission during the February 1966 AS-201 mission, NASA formally announced the astronauts assigned to the first crewed Apollo mission. During a press conference on March 21, 1966, director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), now NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/johnson\/building-on-a-mission-the-project-management-building-home-to-the-centers-directors\/\">Robert R. Gilruth<\/a> introduced Grissom, White, and Chaffee and their backups McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart to reporters. Scott, who had just returned from the harrowing Gemini VIII mission, could not attend the press conference since he was still busy with postflight debriefs. Gilruth described the first Apollo flight as \u201copen-ended,\u201d with mission managers evaluating the status of the crew and spacecraft each orbit for the first six orbits to determine whether the flight could continue. If all continued to go well, managers would then reassess daily, with the potential for the flight to last up to 14 days. The main goals of the mission were to prove the space worthiness of the craft, and to test the Service Module\u2019s large engine, which on future lunar missions would perform the critical tasks to insert the spacecraft into lunar orbit and then send the astronauts homeward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"prime_and_backup_crews_during_training-3.1.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_5_as1-0015-s66-279830-prime_and_backup_crews_during_training-3.1.66.jpg\" width=\"315\" height=\"210\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"crew_meets_with_lee_james_of_the_saturn_office_at_msfc-4.19.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_6_as1-0028-s66-31201-crew_meets_with_lee_james_of_the_saturn_office_at_msfc-4.19.66.jpg\" width=\"278\" height=\"210\"><br>\n<em>Left: Prime and backup crew members assigned to the AS-204 or Apollo 1 mission,<br>\nVirgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, left, Russell L. Schweickart, James A. McDivitt, an<br>\nunidentified official, Roger B. Chaffee, and Edward H. White, attend a<br>\ntraining briefing in March 1966. David R. Scott could not attend as he<br>\nwas in training for the Gemini VIII mission. Right: In April 1966,<br>\nWhite, left, Grissom, and Chaffee meet with Lee B. James, Saturn<br>\nIB program manager, second from left, at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space<br>\nFlight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for a three-day study<br>\nof the rocket.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"crew_looking_over_equipment_during_visit_to_dwney-6.24.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_7_as1-0038-s66-40472-crew_looking_over_equipment_during_visit_to_dwney-6.24.66_compressed.jpg\" width=\"284\" height=\"210\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"crew_posing_at_downey-8.22.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_8_as1-0048a-66hc-1827-crew_posing_at_downey-8.22.66.jpg\" width=\"318\" height=\"211\"><br>\n<em>Left: In June 1966, at the North American Aviation plant in Downey, California,<br>\nApollo 1 astronauts Roger B. Chaffee, left, Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, and Edward<br>\nH. White review equipment to be stowed in their spacecraft. Right: In Downey in<br>\nAugust 1966, Grissom, left, Chaffee, and White prepare for their final session<br>\nin their spacecraft before it is shipped to the launch site in Florida.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"recovery_training_in_pool-6.1.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_9_as1-0035-s66-51581-recovery_training_in_pool-6.1.66.jpg\" width=\"368\" height=\"290\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"bu_crew_rec_train_in_pool-9.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_10_as1-0064-s66-50171-orig_bu_crew_rec_train_in_pool-9.66.jpg\" width=\"231\" height=\"290\"><br>\n<em>Left: Prime crew for the Apollo 1 mission Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, left, Roger B. Chaffee,<br>\nand Edward H. White practice post-splashdown egress procedures using a mockup<br>\nspacecraft in a pool at Ellington Air Force Base in Houston in June 1966.<br>\nRight: The backup crew for the Apollo 1 mission, James A. McDivitt, left,<br>\nDavid R. Scott, and Russell L. Schweickart practice the egress procedures<br>\nin the pool at Ellington in September 1966. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although officially announced as a crew in March, Grissom, White, and Chaffee had begun training for their mission several months earlier. Much of that training involved spending time with their spacecraft under construction at North American in Downey. Additional training included classroom lectures on the spacecraft\u2019s systems, celestial navigation, human physiology, and other aspects of human spaceflight. They received instruction about their Saturn IB rocket from specialists in the Saturn Program Office at NASA\u2019s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. They trained for various aspects of their flight in the Apollo CM simulators located at both MSC in Houston and KSC in Florida. To practice for their splashdown and getting out of their spacecraft, the astronauts initially practiced with a mockup capsule in a swimming pool at Ellington Air Force Base near MSC. They later added more realism by practicing the spacecraft egress procedures in the Gulf of Mexico near Galveston, Texas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"s-ib_arriving_ksc_aug_16_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_11_s-ib_arriving_ksc_aug_16_1966_s66-50152.jpg\" width=\"315\" height=\"260\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"sat_1b_is_erected_at_pad_34-8.29.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_12_as1-0051-66p-402-sat_1b_is_erected_at_pad_34-8.29.66.jpg\" width=\"168\" height=\"260\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"s-ivb_stacking_aug_31_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_13_s-ivb_stacking_aug_31_1966.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"260\"><br>\n<em>Left: The S-IB first stage for the AS-204 Saturn IB rocket arrives at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station,<br>\nnow Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, in Florida, in August 1966. Middle: Ground crews stack the<br>\nfirst stage onto the pedestal at Launch Pad 34. Right: Workers lift the rocket\u2019s S-IVB second<br>\nstage for stacking onto the first stage.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Assembly of the Saturn IB rocket for the AS-204 mission began in August 1966, with the arrival of the S-IVB second stage at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (CKAFS), now Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, in Florida, on Aug. 6. The S-IB first stage arrived by barge on Aug. 15, and after inspections, workers installed it on Launch Pad 34 on Aug. 29, followed two days later by the S-IVB second stage. Engineers thoroughly tested the rocket during its time on the pad, as it awaited the arrival of the spacecraft, scheduled for early January 1967, after it completed a series of tests at KSC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"cm_after_arrival_at_ksc\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_14_as1-0057-cm_after_arrival_at_ksc.jpg\" width=\"355\" height=\"280\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"cm_during_checkout_at_ksc-8.24.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_15_as1-0058-s66-53655-cm_during_checkout_at_ksc-8.24.66.jpg\" width=\"224\" height=\"280\"><br>\n<em>Left: The Apollo Command Module (CM) 012 arrives at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space<br>\nCenter (KSC)in Florida in August 1966. Right: Engineers check out the<br>\nApollo CM-012 in KSC\u2019s Manned Spacecraft Operations Building<br>\nshortly after its arrival.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Apollo CM-012 spacecraft arrived by plane from Downey at KSC on Aug. 26, 1966, followed three days later by its Service Module. Engineers mated the two components and placed the joined spacecraft into an altitude chamber in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) for initial testing in September.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"grissom_white_and_chaffee_seen_suited_for_a_chamber_test_at_ksc-10.18.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_16_as1-0066-s88-55876-grissom_white_and_chaffee_seen_suited_for_a_chamber_test_at_ksc-10.18.66.jpg\" width=\"239\" height=\"285\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"crew_waiting_to_enter_cm_for_alt_chamber_test_at_ksc-10.18.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_17_as1-0114-66c-8389-crew_waiting_to_enter_cm_for_alt_chamber_test_at_ksc-10.18.66.jpg\" width=\"224\" height=\"285\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"alt_test_oct_18_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_18_alt_test_oct_18_1966_s66-58178.jpg\" width=\"228\" height=\"285\"><br>\n<em>Left: In the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building at NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center in Florida,<br>\ncrew members for the first Apollo mission Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, left, Edward H. White,<br>\nand Roger B. Chaffee don their spacesuits for vacuum chamber testing of their spacecraft,<br>\nCommand Module (CM) 012. Middle: Grissom, front, White, and Chaffee in the altitude<br>\nchamber for their spacecraft\u2019s vacuum test. Right: In the altitude chamber, a<br>\ntechnician peers into CM-012, with Grissom, left, White, and Chaffee<br>\ninside, prior to the test. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a vacuum chamber in KSC\u2019s MSOB, after an initial sea-level test, on Oct. 18, Grissom, White, and Chaffee, wearing full pressure suits, completed an altitude run inside their CM-012 spacecraft to verify its pressure integrity. McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart completed a similar test a few days later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"prime_crew_water_egress_test\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_19_prime_crew_water_egress_test_s66-58502.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"270\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"water_egress_trng_oct_27_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_20_water_egress_trng_oct_27_1966_s66-58514.jpg\" width=\"333\" height=\"270\"><br>\n<em>Left: Apollo 1 astronauts Edward H. White, left, Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, and Roger B. Chaffee<br>\naboard the MV Retriever preparing for water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico.<br>\nRight: White, left, Chaffee, and Grissom in life rafts during the water egress training.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On Oct. 27, Grissom, White, and Chaffee rehearsed water egress procedures in the Gulf of Mexico using Apollo boilerplate capsule 1102. Workers from MSC\u2019s Landing and Recovery Division supervised the exercise supported by the Motor Vessel (MV) Retriever and the U.S. Coast Guard off the coast of Galveston, Texas. After the astronauts boarded the spacecraft, crews on the MV Retriever closed the capsule\u2019s hatch and lowered it into the water in the Stable II or apex down position. The astronauts commanded three balloons to inflate to right the spacecraft into the Stable I or apex up position. They then egressed from the capsule onto life rafts, from which Coast Guard helicopter crews picked them up. The backup crew of McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart completed the same training the following day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"back-up_crew_during_recovery_raining_in_galveston_bay-10.27.66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_21_as1-0150-s66-58848-back-up_crew_during_recovery_raining_in_galveston_bay-10.27.66.jpg\" width=\"319\" height=\"250\"> <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"bu_crew_water_egress_test_oct_27_1966\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_22_bu_crew_water_egress_test_oct_27_1966_s66-58471.jpg\" width=\"286\" height=\"250\"><br>\n<em>Left: Apollo 1 backup astronauts James A. McDivitt, left, Russell L. Schweickart, and<br>\nDavid R. Scott aboard the MV Retriever preparing for water egress training in the Gulf<br>\nof Mexico. Right: McDivitt, left, Schweickart, and Scott in life rafts during<br>\nthe water egress training.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>To be continued\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>World events in November 1966:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 1 \u2013 The National Football League awards a franchise to New Orleans, called the Saints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 2 \u2013 The Cuban Adjustment Act comes into force, allowing 123,000 Cubans to apply for permanent residence in the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 4 \u2013 Flooding of the Arno River in Florence, Italy, destroys countless works of art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 6 \u2013 <a href=\"\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/johnson\/50-years-ago-the-lunar-orbiter-program\/\">Lunar Orbiter 2<\/a> launched to photograph the Moon to document Apollo landing sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 6 \u2013 NBC airs the first entire lineup televised in color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 7 \u2013 The Beatles\u2019 John Lennon meets Yoko Ono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 8 \u2013 Edward W. Brooke becomes the first African-American elected to the U.S. Senate, from Massachusetts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 8 \u2013 Film actor Ronald W. Reagan is elected governor of California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 11 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/55-years-ago-gemini-xii-closes-out-a-successful-program-paves-the-way-for-apollo\">Gemini XII<\/a> launches with James A. Lovell and Edwin E. \u201cBuzz\u201d Aldrin on a four-day flight, the last of the Gemini program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 14 \u2013 Muhammed Ali TKOs Cleveland Williams to gain the heavyweight title.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 24 \u2013 New York City sees its smoggiest day in recorded history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>November 30 \u2013 Barbados gains independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>John Uri<br>NASA Johnson Space Center<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In November 1966, with the Gemini program successfully completed, NASA set its sights on the first Apollo mission to carry a crew. The mission, officially designated as AS-204, later became known as Apollo 1. NASA assigned Mercury 4 and Gemini 3 veteran Virgil I. \u201cGus\u201d Grissom, Gemini IV veteran and the first American to conduct […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":169516,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2671,2713,2941],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[12664],"coauthors":[11996],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"55 Years Ago: Three Months Until Apollo 1","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-three-months-until-apollo-1\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-three-months-until-apollo-1\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_1_as1-0027-s66-41851-command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_1_as1-0027-s66-41851-command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966.jpg"},"articleSection":"NASA History","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"John Uri"}],"creator":["John Uri"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Missions","Apollo","Apollo 1","NASA History"],"dateCreated":"2021-11-22T18:29:00Z","datePublished":"2021-11-22T18:29:00Z","dateModified":"2023-09-28T16:43:14Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"55 Years Ago: Three Months Until Apollo 1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/55-years-ago-three-months-until-apollo-1\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_1_as1-0027-s66-41851-command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2021-11-22T18:29:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"NASA History\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Missions,Apollo,Apollo 1,NASA History\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"John Uri\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":9,"time_ago":"3 years","featured_image":{"id":169516,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/apollo_1_l-3_months_1_as1-0027-s66-41851-command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966.jpg","title":"apollo_1_l-3_months_1_as1-0027-s66-41851-command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966","alt":"command_module_construction_at_downey_apr_18_1966","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168585"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/74"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168585"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":530072,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168585\/revisions\/530072"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/169516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=168585"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=168585"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=168585"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=168585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}