IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

JoAnne Downey, :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 298 C.D. 2016

: Submitted: August 19, 2016

Unemployment Compensation :

Board of Review, :

Respondent :

BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge

HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge

HONORABLE JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION

BY JUDGE COHN JUBELIRER FILED: November 23, 2016

JoAnne Downey (Claimant), proceeding pro se, petitions for review of the 

Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) that affirmed 

a Referee’s Decision dismissing Claimant’s appeal as untimely pursuant to Section 

501(e) of the Unemployment Compensation Law (Law), 43 P.S. § 821(e).1 On 

appeal, Claimant argues that the Board erred when it dismissed her appeal as 

untimely. Discerning no error, we affirm.

 

1 Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. § 

821(e) (providing for a 15-day appeal period before a notice of determination is deemed final). 
2

Claimant was discharged from her employment with Colonial Park Care 

Center (Employer), and she filed an application for unemployment compensation 

(UC) benefits. The Local UC Service Center (Service Center) found Claimant 

ineligible for UC benefits pursuant to Section 402(e) of the Law,243 P.S. § 802(e), 

because she committed willful misconduct by violating a known work rule. 

(Notice of Determination, R. Item 4.) The Notice of “[D]etermination was mailed 

to the Claimant’s last known post office address” on November 6, 2015, and was 

not returned as being undeliverable. (Referee Decision, Findings of Fact (FOF) ¶¶ 

2-3.) The Notice of Determination advised Claimant that she had 15 days from the 

date of the determination to file an appeal and that the last day to file an appeal was 

November 23, 2015. (FOF ¶¶ 4-5.) Claimant’s appeal was filed on November 24, 

2015, a day after the appeal period expired. (FOF ¶ 6.) A hearing was held before 

the Referee on December 15, 2015, at which only Claimant appeared. 

Based on Claimant’s testimony and her claim record, the Referee made the 

following relevant findings of fact:

7. The Claimant received the Notice of Determination and asked her 

neighbor to fax the appeal to the UC Service Center.

8. On November 17, 2015, the Claimant was advised [that] the UC 

Service Center did not have an appeal and was further advised to 

fax it again and to mail a copy of the appeal.

9. The Claimant spoke with her neighbor and asked the neighbor to 

refax the appeal.

 

2

Section 402(e) provides, in relevant part, that a claimant is ineligible for UC benefits for 

any week in which the claimant is unemployed due to discharge occasioned by the claimant’s 

willful misconduct in connection with the claimant’s former work. 43 P.S. § 802(e).
3

10. On November 19, 2015, the Claimant again spoke with a UC 

Service Center Representative and was again advised that the UC 

Service Center did not receive her appeal and was again advised 

to refax the appeal and to mail a copy of the appeal to the 

Altoona UC Service Center.

11. On November 24, 2015, at 4:16:08PM[,] a faxed appeal was 

received by the UC Service Center.

12. The Claimant was not misinformed nor in any way misled 

regarding the right of appeal or the need to appeal.

13. The filing of the late appeal was not caused by fraud or its 

equivalent by the administrative authorities, or breakdown in the 

appellant [sic] system or by non-negligent conduct.

(FOF ¶¶ 7-13.) The Referee observed that, pursuant to Section 501(e) of the Law, 

a notice of determination becomes final unless an appeal is filed within 15 days of 

the mailing date of the determination. 43 P.S. § 821(e). The Referee noted that 

referees do not have jurisdiction to consider appeals filed beyond the 15-day time 

period unless the appealing party “show[s] that either fraud or a breakdown in the 

administrative process caused the late appeal, or that the party (or her attorney) 

caused the appeal to be late through non-negligent conduct.” (Referee Decision at 

2.) Citing the Board’s regulation at 34 Pa. Code § 101.82(b)(3), which governs 

appeals filed by fax, the Referee found that although Claimant had testified that the 

fax received by the Service Center on November 24, 2015, had been the third fax 

she had sent, Claimant had no evidence confirming those prior attempts, such as 

fax confirmation sheets or fax cover sheets and, therefore, November 24, 2015, 

was the date of Claimant’s appeal. (Referee Decision at 2-3.) Moreover, the 

Referee indicated that Claimant had agreed that she was twice told, after her faxed 

appeals had not been received, to mail a copy of her appeal, but that there was no 

record of Claimant having mailed an appeal. (Id. at 3.) Finally, noting that while
4

there is an exception to the mandatory 15-day appeal period where there is 

evidence of fraud or its equivalent, the Referee found that Claimant had not 

presented “testimony showing fraud or its equivalent by the UC Authorities which 

caused the late appeal.” (Id. at 3.) Accordingly, the Referee concluded that 

because Claimant’s appeal was untimely and the exception did not apply, the

Referee had no jurisdiction and dismissed the appeal. (Id.)

Claimant appealed to the Board and, in that appeal, attempted to provide the 

Board with documents not presented to the Referee. Stating that it could not, and

therefore did not, consider the extra-record evidence, the Board held that 

“[C]laimant has not credibly established that she faxed or mailed a timely appeal to 

the correct fax number.” (Board Order.) The Board concluded that the Referee’s 

Decision was proper under the Law, it adopted and incorporated the Referee’s 

findings and conclusions, and it affirmed the dismissal of Claimant’s appeal as 

untimely. (Id.) Claimant now petitions this Court for review.3

Claimant argues that she “was in constant communication with” the UC 

Authorities in order to correctly submit her appeal but that she twice submitted her 

appeal “to a location that was incorrect [based on] information given to her by the” 

UC Authorities. (Claimant’s Br. at 8.) Claimant asserts that, once she was 

provided with “the correct information, she immediately submitted her” appeal, 

and she should not have been found ineligible for UC benefits. (Id.)

 

3

“The Court’s review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights were 

violated, whether an error of law was committed, whether a practice or procedure of the Board 

was not followed or whether the findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence in the 

record.” W. & S. Life Ins. Co. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 913 A.2d 331, 334 n.2 

(Pa. Cmwlth. 2006). 
5

The Board responds that it properly dismissed Claimant’s appeal as untimely 

because although Claimant testified that she had previously faxed timely appeals, 

she did not present any additional evidence to support that testimony. See Lopresti 

v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 55 A.3d 561, 563 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2012).

The Board further argues that Claimant did not present documentary proof that she 

timely mailed her appeal. Finally, the Board contends that it “found that Claimant 

did not credibly establish that she faxed or mailed a timely appeal,” and it is within 

its authority as “‘the ultimate fact-finder . . . to accept or reject as credible 

Claimant’s . . . testimony’ regarding the timeliness of her appeal.” (Board Br. at 6, 

quoting Wright v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 41 A.3d 58, 63 (Pa. 

Cmwlth. 2011).)

Section 501(e) of Law governs appeals from a Notice of Determination and 

states: 

Unless the claimant or last employer or base-year employer of 

the claimant files an appeal with the board, from the determination 

contained in any notice required to be furnished by the department 

under section five hundred and one (a), (c) and (d), within fifteen 

calendar days after such notice was delivered to h[er] personally, or 

was mailed to h[er] last known post office address, and applies for a 

hearing, such determination of the department, with respect to the 

particular facts set forth in such notice, shall be final and 

compensation shall be paid or denied in accordance therewith.

43 P.S. § 821(e). The 15-day time period set forth in Section 501(e) is mandatory 

and subject to strict application. Vereb v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 

676 A.2d 1290, 1292 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996). “If an appeal is not filed within . . . [15]

days of the mailing of the determination, it becomes final, and the Board does not 

have the requisite jurisdiction to consider the matter.” Dumberth v. 

Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 837 A.2d 678, 681 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003). 

“Appeal periods, even at the administrative level, are jurisdictional and may not be 
6

extended as a matter of grace or indulgence; otherwise, there would be no finality 

to judicial action.” Id. Accordingly, an appeal filed even one day after the day the 

appeal period expires requires the dismissal of the appeal as untimely. Id.

The method for filing an appeal by fax is set forth in the regulation at 34 Pa.

Code § 101.82(b)(3), which provides:

(b) A party may file a written appeal by any of the following methods:

. . . .

(3) Fax transmission.

(i) The filing date will be determined as follows:

(A) The date of receipt imprinted by the Department, the 

workforce investment office or the Board’s fax machine.

(B) If the Department, the workforce investment office or the 

Board’s fax machine does not imprint a legible date, the date of 

transmission imprinted on the faxed appeal by the sender’s fax 

machine.

(C) If the faxed appeal is received without a legible date of 

transmission, the filing date will be the date recorded by the 

Department appeal office, the workforce investment office or the 

Board when it receives the appeal.

(ii) A party filing an appeal by fax transmission is responsible for 

delay, disruption, interruption of electronic signals and readability 

of the document and accepts the risk that the appeal may not be 

properly or timely filed.

(iii) A fax transmission is timely filed if it is received by the 

Department appeal office, workforce investment office or Board 

before midnight on the last day of the appeal period in accordance 

with this subsection.

34 Pa. Code § 101.82(b)(3) (emphasis added). In Wright, this Court found that a 

claimant established that he successfully transmitted his appeal by fax to the local 

service center prior to the expiration of the appeal period notwithstanding the fact 
7

that the service center did not have a copy of that appeal in the claimant’s file. 

Wright, 41 A.3d at 67. That claimant did so by presenting in addition to his own 

testimony that he faxed the appeal before the deadline, the testimony of his father 

who had faxed the appeal, and a record from the telephone/fax carrier indicating 

that a fax was successfully transmitted to the number contained on the notice of

determination on the date asserted by the claimant. Id. at 60. In reversing the 

Board’s finding that the appeal was untimely, we held that the Board capriciously

disregarded, without any discussion, all of the claimant’s evidence regarding the 

filing of a timely appeal and erroneously relied upon a subsequently filed copy of 

that earlier appeal that was found in the claimant’s claim record. Id. at 63-65.

Accordingly, we concluded that the initial fax was timely filed. Id. at 67.

We distinguished Wright in Lopresti. In that case, the claimant’s attorney 

faxed the appeal to the local service center, but received a “no answer” response. 

Lopresti, 55 A.3d at 562. The attorney made no further attempts to fax the appeal 

or file it by other means prior to the expiration of the appeal period. Id. The 

referee dismissed the appeal as untimely, and the Board affirmed. Id. After 

concluding that nunc pro tunc relief was not warranted because the conduct was 

not non-negligent, we discussed Wright observing that, unlike in Wright, the 

claimant in Lopresti “presented no additional evidence to establish that he had 

successfully transmitted the fax.” Lopresti, 55 A.3d at 563 (emphasis in original). 

Thus, there was nothing to suggest that the appeal had been timely filed. Id. 

There is no question here that Claimant did not file a timely appeal. As in 

Lopresti, the record contains no evidence that Claimant successfully transmitted an 

appeal to the Service Center by fax prior to the expiration of the 15-day appeal 

period. Moreover, there is nothing in the record indicating that Claimant timely 
8

filed her appeal using a different method, such as by mail, because there is no 

evidence to support her assertion that she mailed an appeal, such as a United States 

Postal Form 3817, which establishes proof of mailing. Further, there is no 

evidence in the record that the Service Center ever received a copy of Claimant’s 

appeal in the mail. Accordingly, Claimant’s appeal was not timely filed.

However, as referenced by the Referee, an exception to this mandatory rule 

is the filing of an appeal nunc pro tunc. “An appeal nunc pro tunc may be 

permitted when a delay in filing the appeal is caused by extraordinary

circumstances involving fraud, administrative breakdown, or non-negligent 

conduct, either by a third party or by the appellant.” Mountain Home Beagle 

Media v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 955 A.2d 484, 487 (Pa. Cmwlth. 

2008) (emphasis added). Claimant bears “[t]he burden to establish the right to 

have an untimely appeal” and that burden is “considered . . . a heavy one.” Hessou 

v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 942 A.2d 194, 198 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008)

(emphasis added). In order to meet this burden, claimant must prove that “the 

administrative authority engaged in fraudulent behavior or manifestly wrongful or 

negligent conduct” or that “non-negligent conduct beyond [Claimant’s] control 

caused the delay.” Id. 

Although Claimant does not use the phrase “nunc pro tunc,” it appears that 

Claimant is arguing that she was somehow misled or misinformed by the UC 

Authorities regarding where to fax or mail her appeal and that once she received 

the correct information, she immediately filed her appeal. However, a review of 

the record reveals that Claimant did not testify or argue that she was misled or 

misinformed by the UC Authorities or that she received the wrong information 

regarding where to file her appeal. Rather, Claimant’s testimony focused on her 
9

assertion that she followed the directions of UC Authorities and that it was not her 

fault that her appeals were not being properly received. (Hr’g Tr. at 8-10, R. Item 

9.) Thus, Claimant’s assertion that she was misled or misinformed is not supported 

by the record and does not support nunc pro tunc relief.

4

 

Claimant’s argument also could be interpreted as asserting that the 

untimeliness of her appeal was caused by non-negligent conduct because she 

maintains that she did try to file her appeal on time. The Board, in adopting the 

Referee’s findings, concluded that the late appeal was not caused by non-negligent 

conduct. (FOF ¶ 13.) Nunc pro tunc relief, while equitable in nature, is intended 

to be applied in extraordinary circumstances where the untimely filing was the 

result of unforeseeable and unavoidable events beyond the control of the petitioner 

that are not attributable to the petitioner’s own negligence. Criss v. Wise, 781 

A.2d 1156, 1160 (Pa. 2001); Hessou, 942 A.2d at 198.

Under these circumstances, we find no error in the Board’s determination. 

Claimant attempted to fax her appeal during the appeal period and, in doing so, she 

assumed the risk that her appeal would not be properly or timely filed. Suber v. 

Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 126 A.3d 410, 413 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015) 

(citing 34 Pa. Code. § 101.82(b)(3)(ii)), petition for allowance of appeal denied, 

138 A.3d 7 (Pa. 2016). Although Claimant inquired into the status of her appeal

 

4

The concurring and dissenting opinion states that we should remand this matter to allow 

Claimant to develop “a more substantial record,” given her claim, made for the first time in her 

brief to this Court, that she was given incorrect information by the UC Authorities. Downey v. 

Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review (Pa. Cmwlth., 298 C.D. 2016, filed November 23, 2016) 

(Cosgrove, J., dissenting), slip op. at 3. However, as discussed above, Claimant did not raise this 

claim during the hearing before the Referee, and thus neither the Referee nor the Board were 

able to evaluate it. We are unaware of any precedent authorizing a remand to give a party 

another opportunity to present evidence or testimony that was available to her at the first hearing.
10

and became aware that the faxes were not being received by the Service Center,

she did not present evidence to support her claim that she filed a copy of her appeal 

by mail, as twice advised by the UC Authorities. (FOF ¶¶ 8, 10; Hr’g Tr. at 7-9.)

The record contains no evidence of an appeal being received by mail. Claimant 

also did not present evidence that her neighbor was faxing the appeal to the correct 

fax number for the Service Center. See Suber, 126 A.2d at 413 (holding that the 

sending of an appeal by fax to an incorrect fax number is not non-negligent 

conduct and does not qualify for nunc pro tunc relief). Moreover, although 

Claimant had called the Service Center previously, Claimant did not call prior to 

the expiration of the appeal period, on November 23, 2015, to check to see if her 

most recently faxed appeal had been received. Finally, Claimant acknowledged 

that she had read the appeal instructions on the Notice of Determination and that, 

as noted therein, she could have emailed her appeal from the library or a 

neighbor’s computer but testified that she “wasn’t even thinking about that.” (Hr’g 

Tr. at 8-9.) Although we sympathize with Claimant, we conclude that the untimely 

filing of Claimant’s appeal is not due to unforeseeable and unavoidable events 

beyond Claimant’s control and, therefore, not the result of non-negligent conduct. 

As such, nunc pro tunc relief is not warranted here.

For these reasons, the Board’s Order is affirmed.

________________________________

RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

JoAnne Downey, :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 298 C.D. 2016

:

Unemployment Compensation :

Board of Review, :

Respondent :

O R D E R

NOW, November 23, 2016, the Order of the Unemployment Compensation 

Board of Review, entered in the above-captioned matter, is hereby AFFIRMED.

________________________________

RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

JoAnne Downey, :

Petitioner :

:

v. :

:

Unemployment Compensation :

Board of Review, : No. 298 C.D. 2016

Respondent : Submitted: August 5, 2016

BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge

HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge

HONORABLE JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

CONCURRING AND DISSENTING

OPINION BY JUDGE COSGROVE FILED: November 23, 2016

Although I agree with the Majority that the appeal filed in this matter 

was untimely and thus concur in this portion of its opinion, I write separately to 

discuss the issue of nunc pro tunc relief and the reasons for its denial in this case. 

As I cannot agree with the Majority's analysis in this regard, I must dissent. 

The Majority rightly explains that although an untimely petition 

divests the Board of jurisdiction, an equitable remedy is available under certain 

circumstances through allowance of appeal nunc pro tunc. In Bass v. 

Commonwealth, 401 A.2d 1133 (Pa. 1978), our Supreme Court outlined the 

general parameters for grant of such relief in the face of an untimely appeal: 

Instances where "fraud, or some breakdown" in administrative operations, or the 
JMC - 2

"non-negligent failure to file a timely appeal which was corrected within a very 

short time, during which any prejudice to the other side of the controversy would 

necessarily be minimal." 

In Bass, an attorney's secretary, who ordinarily assured that 

administrative matters such as the timely filing of appeals were properly handled, 

became ill and missed work. As a result, the appeal was not filed until after the 

requisite deadline and not until the secretary returned to the office. Although the 

possibility of illness is not unforeseeable, the Supreme Court nonetheless found 

this a non-negligent circumstance and permitted the appeal to proceed. This result 

is consistent with what the Court has further recognized, namely, that grant of 

appeal nunc pro tunc is a form of "equitable relief." Criss v. Wise, 781 A.2d 1156 

(Pa. 2001). 

In the present case, the Referee's findings, adopted by the Board, 

recognize that Petitioner "asked her neighbor to fax the appeal..." and when same 

was not received, she was advised by the UC Service Center "to fax it again and to 

mail a copy." Brief of Respondent at 3. While Petitioner did not present additional 

evidence of her attempts to successfully appeal, such as a fax transmission sheet or 

proof of mailing, she was ultimately successful in delivering her appeal "by fax on 

November 24, 2015," id., which was one day later than the specified deadline. The 

Majority is correct that one day of tardiness renders the appeal untimely, but where 

it errs is in closing the door to the equitable relief which Bass and Criss recognize. 

As sparse as the record is in this case, it is clear that Petitioner wished to timely 

appeal and made an effort to do so; she was in communication with the Service 

Center and "corrected [the untimeliness] within a very short time," Bass, during 

which Respondent suffered no prejudice. On this record, I would reverse and 
JMC - 3

allow the appeal to proceed. The equities in this matter weigh no less in favor of 

Petitioner than they did for the prevailing party in Bass, entitling her to the same 

relief. 

At the very least, and given Petitioner's claim that "she 'was in 

constant communication with' the UC Authorities in order to correctly submit her 

appeal but that she twice submitted her appeal 'to a location that was incorrect 

[based on] information given to her by the' UC Authorities," Majority Slip Opinion 

at 4, this matter should be remanded for development of a more substantial record. 

I therefore, and respectfully, dissent. 

___________________________

JOSEPH M. COSGROVE, Judge