3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-133 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD



## WASTE STORAGE FACILITY

(No.)

CODE 313

DEFINITION A waste storage impoundment made by constructing an embankment and/or excavating a pit or dugout, or by fabricating a structure.

PURPOSE To temporarily store wastes such as manure, wastewater, and contaminated runoff as a storage function component of an agricultural waste management system.

CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES

• Where the storage facility is a component of a planned agricultural waste management system

• Where temporary storage is needed for organic wastes generated by agricultural production or processing

• Where the storage facility can be constructed, operated and maintained without polluting air or water resources

• Where site conditions are suitable for construction of the facility

• To facilities utilizing embankments with an effective height of 35 feet or less where damage resulting from failure would be limited to damage of farm buildings, agricultural land, or township and country roads.

• To fabricated structures including tanks, stacking facilities, and pond appurtenances. CRITERIA General Criteria Applicable to All Waste Storage Facilities. Laws and Regulations. Waste storage facilities must be planned, designed, and constructed to meet all federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

Location. To minimize the potential for contamination of streams, waste storage facilities should be located outside of floodplains

. However, if site restrictions require location within a floodplain, they shall be protected from inundation or damage from a 25-year flood event, or larger if required by laws, rules, and regulations. Waste storage facilities shall be located so the potential impacts from breach of embankment, accidental release, and liner failure are minimized; and separation distances are such that prevailing winds and landscape elements such as building arrangement, landforms, and vegetation minimize odors and protect aesthetic values. Storage Period. The storage period is the maximum length of time anticipated between emptying events. The minimum storage period shall be based on the timing required for environmentally safe waste utilization considering the climate, crops, soil, equipment, and local, state, and federal regulations. Design Storage Volume. The design storage volume equal to the required storage volume, shall consist of the total of the following as appropriate: (a) Manure, wastewater, and other wastes accumulated during the storage period3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-134 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service (b) Normal precipitation less evaporation on the surface area (at the design storage volume level) of the facility during the storage period (c) Normal runoff from the facility's drainage area during the storage period (d) 25-year, 24-hour precipitation on the surface (at the required design storage volume level) of the facility (e) 25-year, 24-hour runoff from the facility's drainage area (f) Residual solids after liquids have been removed. A minimum of 6 inches shall be provided for tanks (g) Additional storage as may be required to meet management goals or regulatory requirements

Inlet. Inlets shall be of any permanent type designed to resist corrosion, plugging, freeze damage and ultraviolet ray deterioration while incorporating erosion protection as necessary. Emptying Component. Some type of component shall be provided for emptying storage facilities. It may be a facility such as a gate, pipe, dock, wet well, pumping platform, retaining wall, or ramp. Features to protect against erosion, tampering, and accidental release shall be incorporated as necessary.

Accumulated Solids Removal. Provision shall be made for periodic removal of accumulated solids to preserve storage capacity. The anticipated method for doing this must be considered in planning, particularly in determining the configuration of ponds and type of seal, if any. Safety. Design shall include appropriate safety features to minimize the hazards of the facility. Ramps used to empty liquids shall have a slope of 4 horizontal to 1 vertical or flatter. Those us ed to empty slurry, semi-solid, or solid waste shall have a slope of 10 horizontal to 1 vertical or flatter unless special traction surfaces are provided. Warning signs, fences, ladders, ropes, bars, rails, and other devices shall be provided, as appropriate, to ensure the safety of humans and livestock. Ventilation and warning signs must be provided for covered waste holding structures, as necessary, to prevent explosion, poisoning, or asphyxiation. Pipelines shall be provided with a water-sealed trap and vent, or similar device, if there is a potential, based on design configuration, for gases to enter buildings or other confined spaces. Ponds and uncovered fabricated structures for liquid or slurry waste with walls less than 5 feet above ground surface shall be fenced and warning signs posted to prevent children and others from using them for other than their intended purpose.

Erosion Protection. Embankments and disturbed areas surrounding the facility shall be treated to control erosion.

Liners. Liners shall meet or exceed the criteria in Pond Sealing or Lining (521). Additional Criteria for Waste Storage Ponds

Soil and foundation. The pond shall be located in soils with an acceptable permeability that meets all applicable regulation, or the pond shall be lined. Information and guidance on controlling seepage from waste impoundments can be found in the Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook (AWMFH), Appendix 10D. The pond shall have a bottom elevation that is a minimum of 2 feet above the seasonal high water table unless features of special design are incorporated that address buoyant forces, pond seepage rate and non-encroachment of the water table by contaminants. The water table may be lowered by use of perimeter drains, if feasible, to meet this requirement. Maximum Operating Level. The maximum operating level for waste storage ponds shall be the pond level that provides for the required volume less the volume contribution of precipitation and runoff from the 25-year, 24- hour storm event plus the volume allowance for residual solids after liquids have been removed. A permanent marker or recorder shall be installed at this maximum operating level to indicate when drawdown should begin. The marker or recorder shall be referenced and explained in the O&M plan.

Outlet. No outlet shall automatically release storage from the required design volume. Manually operated outlets shall be of permanent type designed to resist corrosion and plugging.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-135 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Embankments. The minimum elevation of the top of the settled embankment shall be 1 foot above the waste storage pond’s required volume. This height shall be increased by the amount needed to ensure that the top elevation will be maintained after settlement. This increase shall be not less than 5 percent. The minimum top widths are shown in Table 1. The combined side slopes of the settled embankment shall not be less than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical, and neither slope shall be steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical unless provisions are made to provide stability. Table 1 – Minimum Top Widths Total embankment Top Width, Height, ft. ft.
15 or less 8 15 – 20 10 20 – 25 12 25 – 30 14 30 – 35 15

Excavations. Unless supported by a soil investigation, excavated side slopes shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical.

Additional Criteria for Fabricated Structures

Foundation. The foundations of fabricated waste storage structures shall be proportioned to safely support all superimposed loads without excessive movement or settlement.

Where a non-uniform foundation cannot be avoided or applied loads may create highly variable foundation loads, settlement should be calculated from site-specific soil test data. Inde x tests of site soil may allow correlation with simil ar soils for which test data is available. If no test data is available, presumptive bearing strength values for assessing actual bearing pressures may be obtained from Table 2 or another nationally recognized building code. In using presumptive bearing values, adequate detailing and articulation shall be provided to avoid distressing movements in the structure. Foundations consisting of bedrock with joints, fractures, or solution channels shall be treated or a separation distance provided consisting of a minimum of 1 foot of impermeable soil between the floor slab and the bedrock or an alternative that will achieve equal protection.

Table 2 - Presumptive Allowable Bearing

Stress Values 1 Foundation Description Allowable Stress Crystalline Bedrock Sedimentary Rock Sandy Gravel or Gravel Sand, Silty Sand, Clayey Sand, Silty Gravel, Clayey Gravel Clay, Sandy Clay, Silty Clay, Clayey Silt 12000 psf 6000 psf 5000 psf

3000 psf

2000 psf

1 Basic Building Code, 12th Edition, 1993, Building Officials and Code Administrators, Inc. (BOCA)

Liquid Tightness. Applications such as tanks, that require liquid tightness shall be designed and constructed in accordance with standard engineering and industry practice appropriate for the construction materials used to achieve this objective. Structural Loadings. Waste storage structures shall be designed to withstand all anticipated loads including internal and external loads, hydrostatic uplift pressure, concentrated surface and impact loads, water pressure due to seasonal high water 

### table, and frost or ice pressure and load combinations in compliance with this standard and applicable local building codes.
The lateral earth pressures should be calculated from soil strength values determined from the results of appropriate soil tests. Lateral earth pressures can be calculated using the procedures in TR-74. If soil strength tests are not available, the presumptive lateral earth pressure values indicated in Table 3 shall be used.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-136 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### TABLE 3 - LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE VALUES 1

Lateral earth pressures based upon equivalent fluid assumptions shall be assigned according to the following conditions:

• Rigid frame or restrained wall. Use the values shown in Table 3 under the column “Frame tanks,” which gives pressures comparable to the at-rest condition.

• Flexible or yielding wall. Use the valuesshown in Table 3 under the column “Freestanding walls,” which gives pressures comparable to the active condition. Walls

in this category are designed on the basis of gravity for stability or are designed as a cantilever having a base wall thickness to height of backfill ratio not more than 0.085. Internal lateral pressure used for design shall be 65 lb/ft 2 where the stored waste is not protected Equivalent fluid pressure (lb/ft 2 /ft of depth) Soil Above seasonal high water table 2 Below seasonal high water table 3

Description 4 Unified Classification 4 Freestanding walls Frame

tanks Freestanding walls Frame

tanks

Clean gravel, sand or sand-gravel mixtures (maximum 5% fines) 5 GP, GW, SP, SW 30 50 80 90

Gravel, sand, silt and clay mixtures (less than 50% fines) Coarse sands with silt and and/or clay (less than 50% fines) All gravel sand dual symbol classifications and GM, GC, SC, SM, SC-SM 35 60 80 100

Low-plasticity silts and clays with some sand and/or gravel (50% or more fines) Fine sands with silt and/or clay (less than 50% fines) CL, ML, CL-ML SC, SM, SC-SM 45 75 90 105

Low to medium plasticity silts and clays with little sand and/or gravel (50% or more fines) CL, ML, CL-ML 65 85 95 110 High plasticity silts and clays (liquid limit more than 50) 6 CH, MH - - - -

1 For lightly-compacted soils (85% to 90% maximum st andard density.) Includes compaction by use of typ ical farm equipment.
2 Also below seasonal high water table if adequate d rainage is provided.
3 Includes hydrostatic pressure.
4 All definitions and procedures in accordance with ASTM D 2488 and D 653.
5 Generally, only washed materials are in this catego ry 6 Not recommended. Requires special design if used.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-137 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service from precipitation. A value of 60 lb/ft 2 may be used where the stored waste is protected from precipitation and will not become saturated. Lesser values may be used if supported by measurement of actual pressures of the waste to be stored. If heavy equipment will be operated near the wall, an additional two feet of soil surcharge shall be considered in the wall analysis. Tank covers shall be designed to withstand both dead and live loads. The live load values for covers contained in ASAE EP378.3, Floor and Suspended Loads on Agricultural Structures Due to Use, and in ASAE EP 393.2, Manure Storages, shall be the minimum used. The actual axle load for tank wagons having more than a 2,000 gallon capacity shall be used. If the facility is to have a roof, snow and wind loads shall be as specified in ASAE EP288.5, Agricultural Building Snow and Wind Loads. If the facility is to serve as part of a foundation or support for a building, the total load shall be considered in the structural design. Structural Design. The structural design shall consider all items that will influence the performance of the structure, including loading assumptions, material properties and construction quality. Design assumptions and construction requirements shall be indicated on standard plans. Tanks may be designed with or without covers. Covers, beams, or braces that are integral to structural performance must be indicated on the construction drawings. The openings in covered tanks shall be designed to accommodate equipment for loading, agitating, and emptying. These openings shall be equipped with grills or secure covers for safety, and for odor and vector control. All structures shall be underlain by free draining material or shall have a footing located below the anticipated frost depth. Fabricated structures shall be designed according to the criteria in the following references as appropriate:

• Steel: “Manual of Steel Construction”, American Institute of Steel Construction. • Timber: “National Design Specifications for Wood Construction”, American Forest and Paper Association.

• Concrete: “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, ACI 318”, American Concrete Institute.

• Masonry: “Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, ACI 530”, American Concrete Institute.

Slabs on Grade. Slab design shall consider the required performance and the critical applied loads along with both the subgrade material and material resistance of the concrete slab. Whereapplied point loads are minimal and liquidtightness is not required, such as barnyard and feedlot slabs subject only to precipitation, and the subgrade is uniform and dense, the minimum slab thickness shall be 4 inches with a maximum joint spacing of 10 feet. Joint spacing can be increased if steel reinforcing is added based on subgrade drag theory. For applications where liquid-tightness is required such as floor slabs of storage tanks, the minimum thickness for uniform foundations shall be 5 inches and shall contain distributed reinforcing steel. The required area of such reinforcing steel shall be based on subgrade drag theory as discussed in industry guidelines such as American Concrete Institute, ACI 360, “Design of Slabs-on-Grade”. When heavy equipment loads are to be resisted and/or where a non-uniform foundation cannot be avoided, an appropriate design procedure incorporating a subgrade resistance parameter(s) such as ACI 360 shall be used.

CONSIDERATIONS Waste storage facilities should be located as close to the source of waste and polluted runoff as practicable. Non-polluted runoff should be excluded from the structure to the fullest extent possible except where its storage is advantageous to the operation of the agricultural waste management system. Freeboard for waste storage tanks should be considered.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-138 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Solid/liquid separation of runoff or wastewater entering pond facilities should be considered to minimize the frequency of accumulated solids removal and to facilitate pumping and application of the stored waste. Due consideration should be given to environmental concerns, economics, the overall waste management system plan, and safety and health factors. Considerations for Minimizing the Potential for and Impacts of Sudden Breach of Embankment or Accidental Release from the Required Volume. Features, safeguards, and/or management measures to minimize the risk of failure or accidental release, or to minimize or mitigate impact of this type of failure should be considered when any of the categories listed in Table 4 might be significantly affected. The following should be considered either singly or in combination to minimize the potential of or the consequences of sudden breach of embankments when one or more of the potential impact categories listed in Table 4 may be significantly affected: 1. An auxiliary (emergency) spillway

2. Additional freeboard 3. Storage for wet year rather than normal year precipitation
4. Reinforced embankment -- such as, additional top width, flattened and/or armored downstream side slopes 5. Secondary containment

The following options should be considered to minimize the potential for accidental release from the required volume through gravity outlets when one or more of the potential impact categories listed in Table 4 may be significantly affected: 1. Outlet gate locks or locked gate housing 2. Secondary containment 3. Alarm system 4. Another means of emptying the required volume Considerations for Minimizing the Potential of Waste Storage Pond Liner Failure. Sites with categories listed in Table 5 should be avoided unless no reasonable alternative exists. Under those circumstances, consideration should be given to providing an additional measure of safety from pond seepage when any of the potential impact categories listed in Table 5 may be significantly affected. Table 4 - Potential Impact Categories from Breach of Embankment or Accidental

Release 1. Surface water bodies -- perennial streams, lakes, wetlands, and estuaries

2. Critical habitat for threatened and endangered species. 3. Riparian areas
4. Farmstead, or other areas of habitation 5. Off-farm property 6. Historical and/or archaeological sites or structures that meet the eligibility criteria for listing in the National Register of Historical Places.

Table 5 - Potential Impact Categories for Liner Failure 1. Any underlying aquifer is at a shallow depth and not confined

2. The vadose zone is rock 3. The aquifer is a domestic water supply or ecologically vital water supply

4. The site is located in an area of solutionized bedrock such as limestone or gypsum.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-139 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Should any of the potential impact categories listed in Table 5 be affected, consideration should be given to the following: 1. A clay liner designed in accordance with procedures of AWMFH Appendix 10D with a thickness and coefficient of permeability so that specific discharge is less than 1 x 10
− 6 cm/sec 2. A flexible membrane liner over a clay liner 3. A geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) flexible membrane liner 4. A concrete liner designed in accordance with slabs on grade criteria for fabricated structures requiring water tightness Considerations for Improving Air Quality To reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor, other practices such as Anaerobic Digester – Ambient Temperature (365), Anaerobic Digester – Controlled Temperature (366), Waste Facility Cover (367), and Composting Facility (317) can be added to the waste management system. Adjusting pH below 7 may reduce ammonia emissions from the waste storage facility but may increase odor when waste is surface applied (see Waste Utilization, 633). Some fabric and organic covers have been shown to be effective in reducing odors.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specifications shall be prepared in accordance with the criteria of this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended use. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE An operation and maintenance plan shall be developed that is consistent with the purposes of the practice, its intended life, safety requirements, and the criteria for its design. The plan shall contain the operational requirements for emptying the storage facility. This shall include the requirement that waste shall be removed from storage and utilized at locations, times, rates, and volume in accordance with the overall waste management system plan. In addition, for ponds, the plan shall include an explanation of the permanent marker or recorder installed to indicate the maximum operating level. The plan shall include a strategy for removal and disposition of waste with the least environmental damage during the normal storage period to the extent necessary to insure the pond’s safe operation. This strategy is for the removal of the contribution of unusual storm events that may cause the pond to fill to capacity prematurely with subsequent design inflow and usual precipitation prior to the end of the normal storage period. Development of an emergency action plan should be considered for waste storage facilities where there is a potential for significant impact from breach or accidental release. The plan shall include site-specific provisions for emergency actions that will minimize these impacts.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-140 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD



## COVER CROP
(Ac.)

2

CODE 340

DEFINITION Crops including grasses, legumes and forbs for seasonal cover and other conservation purposes.

PURPOSE

• Reduce erosion from wind and water.

• Increase soil organic matter content.

• Capture and recycle or redistribute nutrients in the soil profile.

• Promote biological nitrogen fixation.

• Increase biodiversity.

• Weed suppression.

• Provide supplemental forage.

• Soil moisture management.

• Reduce particulate emissions into the atmosphere.

• Minimize and reduce soil compaction.

CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES On all lands requiring vegetative cover for natural resource protection and or improvement.

CRITERIA

General Criteria Applicable to All Purposes Plant species, seedbed preparation, seeding rates, seeding dates, seeding depths, fertility requirements, and planting methods will be consistent with approved local criteria and site conditions. The species selected will be compatible with other components of the cropping system. Cover crops will be terminated by harvest, frost, mowing, tillage, crimping, and/or herbicides in preparation for the following crop. Herbicides used with cover crops will be compatible with the following crop. Avoid using plants that are on the state’s noxious weed or invasive species lists. Cover crop residue will not be burned.

Additional Criteria to Reduce Erosion from Wind and Water Cover crop establishment, in conjunction with other practices, will be timed so that the soil wil l be adequately protected during the critical erosion period(s). Plants selected for cover crops will have the physical characteristics necessary to provide adequate protection. The amount of surface and/or canopy cover needed from the cover crop shall be determined using current erosion prediction technology.

Additional Criteria to Increase Soil Organic Matter Content Cover crop species will be selected on the basis of producing high volumes of organic material3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-141 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service and or root mass to maintain or improve soil organic matter. The NRCS Soil Conditioning Index (SCI) procedure will be used to determine the amount of biomass required to have a positive trend in the soil organic matter subfactor. The cover crop will be terminated as late as feasible to maximize plant biomass production, considering the time needed to prepare the field for planting the next crop and soil moisture depletion.

Additional Criteria to Capture and Recycle Excess Nutrients in the Soil Profile Cover crops will be established and actively growing before the expected period(s) of nutrient leaching. Cover crop species will be selected for their ability to take up large amounts of nutrients from the rooting profile of the soil. When used to redistribute nutrients from deeper in the profile up to the surface layer, the cover crop will be killed in relation to the planting dat e of the following crop. If the objective is to best synchronize the use of cover crop as a green manure to cycle nutrients, factors such as the carbon/nitrogen ratios may be considered to kill early and have a faster mineralization of nutrients to match release of nutrient with uptake by following cash crop. A late kill may be used if the objectives are to use as a biocontrol and maximize the addition of organic matter. The right moment to kill the cover crop will depend on the specific rotation, weather and objectives.

Additional Criteria to Promote Biological Nitrogen Fixation Only legumes or legume-grass mixtures will be established as cover crops. The specific Rhizobium bacteria for the selected legume will either be present in the soil or the seed will be inoculated at the time of planting.

Additional Criteria to Increase Biodiversity Cover crop species shall be selected that have different maturity dates, attract beneficial insect s, increase soil biological diversity, serve as a trap crop for damaging insects, and/or provide food and cover for wildlife habitat management.

Additional Criteria for Weed Suppression Species for the cover crop will be selected for their chemical or physical characteristics to suppress or compete with weeds. Cover crops residues will be left on the soil surface to maximize allelopathic (chemical) and mulching (physical) effects. For long-term weed suppression, reseeding annuals and/or biennial species can be used.

Additional Criteria to Provide Supplemental Forage Species selected will have desired forage traits, be palatable to livestock, and not interfere with the production of the subsequent crop. Forage provided by the cover crop may be hayed or grazed as long as sufficient biomass is left for resource protection.

Additional Criteria for Soil Moisture Management Terminate growth of the cover crop sufficiently early to conserve soil moisture for the subsequent crop. Cover crops established for moisture conservation shall be left on the soil surface. In areas of potential excess soil moisture, allow the cover crop to grow as long as possible to maximize soil moisture removal.

Additional Criteria to Reduce Particulate Emissions into the Atmosphere Manage cover crops and their residues so that at least 80% ground cover is maintained during planting operations for the following crop.

Additional Criteria to Minimize and Reduce Soil Compaction Select and manage cover crop species that will produce deep roots and large amounts of surface or root biomass to increase soil organic3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-142 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service matter, improve soil structure and increase soil moisture through better infiltration.

CONSIDERATIONS Plant cover crop in a timely matter to establish a good stand. Maintain an actively growing cover crop as late as feasible to maximize plant growth, allowing time to prepare the field for the next crop and moisture depletion. Use deep-rooted species to maximize nutrient recovery. Use grasses to utilize more soil nitrogen, and legumes utilize both nitrogen and phosphorus. Avoid cover crop species that harbor or carryover potentially damaging diseases or insects. For most purposes for which cover crops are established, the combined canopy and surface cover is at nearly 90 percent or greater, and the above ground (dry weight) biomass production is at least 4,000 lbs/acre. Cover crops may be used to improve site conditions for establishment of perennial species.


### Use plant species that enhance bio-fuels opportunities. Use plant species that enhance forage opportunities for pollinators.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specifications will be prepared for the practice site. Plans for the establishment of cover crops shall include:

• Species or species of plants to be established.

• Seeding rates. • Recommended seeding dates.

• Establishment procedure.

• Planned rates and timing of nutrient application.

• Planned dates for destroying cover crop.

• Other information pertinent to establishing and managing the cover crop. Plans and specifications for the establishment and management of cover crops may be recorded in narrative form, on job sheets, or on other forms.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Control growth of the cover crop to reduce competition from volunteer plants and shading. Control weeds in cover crops by mowing or by using other pest management techniques. Control soil moisture depletion by selecting water efficient plant species and terminating the cover crop before excessive transpiration.

REFERENCES Bowman, G., C. Cramer, and C. Shirley. A. Clark (ed.). 1998. Managing cover crops profitably. 2nd ed. Sustainable Agriculture Network Handbook Series; bk 3. National Agriculture Library. Beltsville, MD. Hargrove, W.L., ed. Cover crops for clean water. SWCS, 1991. Magdoff, F. and H. van Es. Cover Crops. 2000. p. 87-96 In Building soils for better crops. 2nd ed. Sustainable Agriculture Network Handbook Series; bk 4. National Agriculture Library. Beltsville, MD. Reeves, D.W. 1994. Cover crops and erosion. p. 125-172 In J.L. Hatfield and B.A. Stewart (eds.) Crops Residue Management. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-143 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD



## WASTE TREATMENT LAGOON

(No.)

CODE 359

DEFINITION A waste treatment impoundment made by constructing an embankment and/or excavating a pit or dugout.

PURPOSE To biologically treat waste, such as manure and wastewater, and thereby reduce pollution potential by serving as a treatment component of a waste management system.

CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES

• Where the lagoon is a component of a planned agricultural waste management system.

• Where treatment is needed for organic wastes generated by agricultural production or processing.

• On any site where the lagoon can be constructed, operated and maintained without polluting air or water resources.

• To lagoons utilizing embankments with an effective height of 35 feet or less where damage resulting from failure would be limited to damage of farm buildings, agricultural land, or township and country roads.

CRITERIA General Criteria for All Lagoons Laws and Regulations. All Federal, state, and local laws, rules, and regulations governing the construction and use of waste treatment lagoons must be followed.

Location. To minimize the potential for contamination of streams, lagoons should be located outside of floodplains. However, if site restrictions require location within a floodplain, they shall be protected from inundation or damage from a 25-year flood event, or larger if required by laws, rules, and regulations. Lagoons shall be located so the potential impacts from breach of embankment, accidental release, and liner failure are minimized; and separation distances are such that prevailing winds and landscape elements such as building arrangement, landforms, and vegetation minimize odors and protect aesthetic values. Lagoons should be located so they have as little drainage area as possible. If a lagoon has a drainage area, the volume of normal runoff during the treatment period and 25-year, 24- hour storm event runoff shall be included in the required volume of the lagoon.

Soils and Foundation. The lagoon shall be located in soils with an acceptable permeability that meets all applicable regulations, or the lagoon shall be lined. Information and guidance on controlling seepage from waste impoundments can be found in the Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook (AWMFH), Appendix 10D. The lagoon shall have a bottom elevation that is a minimum of 2 feet above the seasonal high water table unless special design features are incorporated that address buoyant forces, lagoon seepage rates, and non-encroachment3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-144 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service of the water table by contaminants. The water table may be lowered by use of perimeter drains to meet this requirement.

Flexible Membranes. Flexible membrane liners shall meet or exceed the requirements of flexible membrane linings specified in Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane (code 521A). Required Volume. The lagoon shall have the capability of storing the following volumes:

• Volume of accumulated sludge for the period between sludge removal events;

• Minimum treatment volume (anaerobic lagoons only);

• Volume of manure, wastewater, and other wastes accumulated during the treatment period;

• Depth of normal precipitation less evaporation on the surface area (at the required volume level) of the lagoon during the treatment period;

• Depth of the 25-year, 24-hour storm precipitation on the surface area (at the required volume level) of the lagoon.

Treatment Period. The treatment period is the detention time between drawdown events. It shall be the greater of either 60 days; or the time required to provide the storage that allows environmentally safe utilization of waste considering the climate, crops, soil, and equipment requirements; or as required by local, state, and Federal regulations. Waste Loading. Daily waste loading shall be based on the maximum daily loading considering all waste sources that will be treated by the lagoon. Reliable local information or laboratory test data should be used if available. If local information is not available Chapter 4 of the AWMFH may be used for estimating waste loading.

Embankments. The minimum elevation of the top of the settled embankment shall be 1 foot above the lagoon’s required volume. This height shall be increased by the amount needed to ensure that the top elevation will be maintained after settlement. This increase shall be not less than 5 percent. The minimum top widths are shown in Table 1. The combined side slopes of the settled embankment shall not be less than 5 horizontal to 1 vertical, and neither slope shall be steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical unless provisions are made to provide stability. Table 1 – Minimum Top Widths Total embankment Top Width, Height, ft. ft.
15 or less 8 15 – 20 10 20 – 25 12 25 – 30 14 30 – 35 15

Excavations. Unless supported by a soil investigation, excavated side slopes shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical.

Inlet. Inlets shall be of any permanent type designed to resist corrosion, plugging, freeze damage, and ultraviolet ray deterioration, while incorporating erosion protection as necessary. Inlets shall be provided with a water-sealed trap and vent, or similar device if there is a potential, based on design configuration, for gases to enter buildings or other confined spaces.
Outlet. Outlets from the required volume shall be designed to resist corrosion and plugging. No outlet shall automatically discharge from the required volume of the lagoon. Facility for Drawdown. Measures that facilitate safe drawdown of the liquid level in the lagoon shall be provided. Access areas and ramps used to withdraw waste shall have slopes that facilitate a safe operating environment. Docks, wells, pumping platforms, retaining walls, etc. shall permit drawdown without causing erosion or damage to liners. Sludge Removal. Provision shall be made for periodic removal of accumulated sludge to preserve the treatment capacity of the lagoon.

Erosion Protection. Embankments and disturbed areas surrounding the lagoon shall be treated to control erosion. This includes the inside slopes of the lagoon as needed to protect the integrity of the liner.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-145 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Safety. Design shall include appropriate safety features to minimize the hazards of the lagoon. The lagoon shall be fenced around the perimeter and warning signs posted to prevent children and others from using it for other than its intended purpose. Additional Criteria for Anaerobic Lagoons Loading Rate. Anaerobic lagoons shall be designed to have a minimum treatment volume based on Volatile Solids (VS) loading per unit of volume. The maximum loading rate shall be as indicated in AWMFH Figure 10-22 or according to state regulatory requirements, whichever is more stringent. Operating Levels. The maximum operating level shall be the lagoon level that provides the required volume less the 25-year, 24-hour storm event precipitation on the surface of the lagoon. The maximum drawdown level shall be the lagoon level that provides volume for the required minimum treatment volume plus the volume of accumulated sludge between sludge removal events. Permanent markers shall be installed at these elevations. The proper operating range of the lagoon is above the maximum drawdown level and below the maximum operating level. These markers shall be referenced and described in the O&M plan. Depth Requirements. The minimum depth at maximum drawdown shall be 6 feet. If subsurface conditions prevent practicable construction to accommodate the minimum depth at maximum drawdown, a lesser depth may be used, if the volume requirements are met. Additional Criteria for Naturally Aerobic Lagoons Loading Rate. Naturally aerobic lagoons shall be designed to have a minimum treatment surface area as determined on the basis of daily BOD 5 loading per unit of lagoon surface. The required minimum treatment surface area shall be the surface area at maximum drawdown. The maximum loading rate shall be as indicated by AWMFH Figure 10-25 or according to state regulatory requirements, whichever is more stringent. Operating Levels. The maximum operating level shall be the lagoon level that provides the required volume less the 25-year, 24-hour storm event on the lagoon surface. The maximum drawdown level shall be the lagoon level that provides volume for the volume of manure, wastewater, and clean water accumulated during the treatment period plus the volume of accumulated sludge between sludge removal events. Permanent markers shall be installed at these elevations. The proper operating range of the lagoon is above the maximum drawdown level and below the maximum operating level. These markers shall be referenced and described in the O&M plan. Depth Requirements. The minimum depth at maximum drawdown shall be 2 feet. The maximum liquid level shall be 5 feet. Additional Criteria for Mechanically Aerated Lagoons Loading Rate. Mechanically aerated waste treatment lagoons’ treatment function shall be designed on the basis of daily BOD 5 loading and aeration equipment manufacturer’s performance data for oxygen transfer and mixing. Aeration equipment shall provide a minimum of 1 pound of oxygen for each pound of daily BOD 5 loading. Operating Levels. The maximum operating level shall be the lagoon level that provides the required lagoon volume less the 25-year, 24- hour storm event precipitation and shall not exceed the site and aeration equipment limitations. A permanent marker or recorder shall be installed at this elevation. The proper operating range of the lagoon is below this elevation and above the minimum treatment elevation established by the manufacturer of the aeration equipment. This marker shall be referenced and described in the O&M plan.

CONSIDERATIONS

General Lagoons should be located as close to the source of waste as possible.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-146 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Solid/liquid separation treatment should be considered between the waste source and the lagoon to reduce loading. The configuration of the lagoon should be based on the method of sludge removal and method of sealing. Due consideration should be given to economics, the overall waste management system plan, and safety and health factors. Considerations for Minimizing the Potential for and Impacts of Sudden Breach of Embankment or Accidental Release from the Required Volume Features, safeguards, and/or management measures to minimize the risk of embankment failure or accidental release, or to minimize or mitigate impact of this type of failure should be considered when any of the categories listed in Table 2 might be significantly affected. The following should be considered either singly or in combination to minimize the potential of or the consequences of sudden breach of embankments when one or more of the potential impact categories listed in Table 2 may be significantly affected:

• An auxiliary (emergency) spillway

• Additional freeboard

• Storage volume for the wet year rather than normal year precipitation • Reinforced embankment -- such as, additional top width, flattened and/or armored downstream side slopes

• Secondary containment

• Water level indicators or recorders

The following should be considered to minimize the potential for accidental release from the required volume through gravity outlets when one or more of the potential impact categories listed in Table 2 may be significantly affected:

• Outlet gate locks or locked gate housing

• Secondary containment

• Alarm system

• Another means of emptying the required volume Considerations for Minimizing the Potential of Lagoon Liner Seepage Consideration should be given to providing an additional measure of safety from lagoon seepage when any of the potential impact categories listed in Table 3 may be affected.

Should any of the potential impact categories listed in Table 3 be affected, consideration should be given to the following:

• A clay liner designed in accordance with procedures of AWMFH, Appendix 10D with a thickness and coefficient of permeability so that specific discharge is less than 1 x 10 -6 cm/sec.

• A flexible membrane liner

• A geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) flexible membrane liner Table 2- Potential Impact Categories from Breach of Embankment or Accidental Release 1. Surface water bodies -- perennial streams, lakes, wetlands, and estuaries 2. Critical habitat for threatened and endangered species 3. Riparian areas 4. Farmstead, or other areas of habitation 5. Off-farm property 6. Historical and/or archaeological sites or structures that meet the eligibility criteria for listing in the National Register of Historical Places Table 3 - Potential Impact Categories for Liner Seepage 1. Any underlying aquifer is at a shallow depth and not confined 2. The vadose zone is rock 3. The aquifer is a domestic water supply or ecologically vital water supply 4. The site is located in an area of carbonate rock (limestone or dolomite)3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-147 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service • A concrete liner designed in accordance with slabs on grade criteria, Waste Storage Facility (313), for fabricated structures requiring water tightness. Considerations for Improving Air Quality To reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, ammonia, volatile organic compounds, and odor:

• Reduce the recommended loading rate for anaerobic lagoons to one-half the values given in AWMFH Figure 10-22.

• Use additional practices such as Anaerobic Digester – Ambient Temperature (365), Anaerobic Digester – Controlled Temperature (366), Waste Facility Cover (367) and Composting Facilities (code 317) in the waste management system.

• Liquid/solid separation prior to discharge to lagoon will reduce volatile solids (VS) loading resulting in reduced gaseous emissions and odors. Composting of solids will further reduce emissions.

• Design lagoons to be naturally aerobic or to allow mechanical aeration. Adjusting pH below 7 may reduce ammonia emissions from the lagoon but may increase odor when waste is surface applied (See Waste Utilization, code 633). PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specifications shall be prepared in accordance with the criteria of this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended

use.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE An operation and maintenance plan shall be developed that is consistent with the purposes of the practice, its intended life, safety requirements, and the criteria for design. The plan shall contain the operational requirements for drawdown and the role of permanent markers. This shall include the requirement that waste be removed from the lagoon and utilized at locations, times, rates, and volume in accordance with the overall waste management system plan. In addition, the plan shall include a strategy for removal and disposition of waste with least environmental damage during the normal treatment period to the extent necessary to insure the lagoon’s safe operation. This strategy shall also include the removal of unusual storm events. Development of an emergency action plan should be considered for lagoons where there is a potential for significant impact from breach or accidental release. The plan shall include site-specific provisions for emergency actions that will minimize these impacts.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-148 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD



## DIVERSION
(Ft.)

CODE 362

DEFINITION A channel constructed across the slope generally with a supporting ridge on the lower side.

PURPOSE This practice may be applied as part of a resource management system to support one or more of the following purposes.

• Break up concentrations of water on long slopes, on undulating land surfaces, and on land that is generally considered too flat or irregular for terracing.

• Divert water away from farmsteads, agricultural waste systems, and other improvements.

• Collect or direct water for water-spreading or water-harvesting systems.

• Increase or decrease the drainage area above ponds.

• Protect terrace systems by diverting water from the top terrace where topography, land use, or land ownership prevents terracing the land above.

• Intercept surface and shallow subsurface flow.

• Reduce runoff damages from upland runoff.

• Reduce erosion and runoff on urban or developing areas and at construction or mining sites.

• Divert water away from active gullies or critically eroding areas.

• Supplement water management on conservation cropping or stripcropping systems. CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES This applies to all cropland and other land uses where surface runoff water control and or management is needed. It also applies where soils and topography are such that the diversion can be constructed and a suitable outlet is available or can be provided.

CRITERIA Capacity. Diversions as temporary measures, with an expected life span of less than 2 years, shall have a minimum capacity for the peak discharge from the 2-year frequency, 24-hour duration storm. Diversions that protect agricultural land shall have a minimum capacity for the peak discharge from a 10-year frequency, 24 -hour duration storm. Diversions designed to protect areas such as urban areas, buildings, roads, and animal waste management systems shall have a minimum capacity for the peak discharge from a storm frequency consistent with the hazard involved but not less than a 25-year frequency, 24-hour duration storm. Freeboard shall be not less than 0.3 ft. Design depth is the channel storm flow depth plus freeboard, where required.

Cross section. The channel may be parabolic, V-shaped, or trapezoidal. The diversion shall be designed to have stable side slopes.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-149 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service The ridge shall have a minimum top width of 4 feet at the design depth. The ridge height shall includ e an adequate settlement factor. The ridge top width may be 3 feet at the design depth for diversions with less than 10 acres drainage area above cropland, pastureland, or woodland. The top of the constructed ridge at any point shall not be lower than the design depth plus the specified overfill for settlement. The design depth at culvert crossings shall be the culvert headwater depth for the design storm plus freeboard. Grade and velocity. Channel grades may be uniform or variable. Channel velocity shall not exceed that considered non-erosive for the soil and planned vegetation or lining. Maximum channel velocities for permanently vegetated channels shall not exceed those recommended in the NRCS Engineering Field Handbook (EFH) Part 650, Chapter 7, or Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Agricultural Handbook 667, Stability Design of Grass-Lined Open Channels (Sept. 1987). When the capacity is determined by the formula Q = A V and the V is calculated by using Manning's equation, the highest expected value of "n" shall be used.

Location. The outlet conditions, topography, land use, cultural operations, cultural resources, and soil type shall determine the location of the diversion. Protection against sedimentation. Diversions normally should not be used below high sediment producing areas. When they are, a practice or combination of practices needed to prevent damaging accumulations of sediment in the channel shall be installed. This may include practices such as land treatment erosion control practices, cultural or tillage practices, vegetated filter strip, or structural measures. Install prac tices in conjunction with or before the diversion construction.

If movement of sediment into the channel is a problem, the design shall include extra capacity fo r sediment or periodic removal as outlined in the operation and maintenance plan.

Outlets. Each diversion must have a safe and stable outlet with adequate capacity. The outlet may be a grassed waterway, a lined waterway, a vegetated or paved area, a grade stabilization structure, an underground outlet, a stable watercourse, a sediment basin, or a combination of these practices. The outlet must convey runoff to a point where outflow will not cause damage. Vegetative outlets shall be installed and established before diversion construction to insure establishment of vegetative cover in the outlet channel. The release rate of an under ground outlet, when combined with storage, shall be such that the design storm runoff will not overtop the diversion ridge. The design depth of the water surface in the diversion shall not be lower than the design elevation of the water surface in the outlet at their junction when both are operating at design flow. Vegetation. Disturbed areas that are not to be cultivated shall be seeded as soon as practicable after construction. Lining. If the soils or climatic conditions preclude the use of vegetation for erosion protection, non-vegetative linings such as gravel, rock riprap, cellular block, or other approved manufactured lining systems may be used.

CONSIDERATIONS

A diversion in a cultivated field should be aligned and spaced from other structures or practices to permit use of modern farming equipment. The side slope lengths should sized to fit equipment widths when cropped. At non-cropland sites, consider planting native vegetation in areas disturbed due to construction.

Maximize wetland functions and values with the diversion design. Minimize adverse effects to existing functions and values. Diversion of upland water to prevent entry into a wetland3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-150 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service may convert a wetland by changing the hydrology. Any construction activities should minimize disturbance to wildlife habitat. Opportunities should be explored to restore and improve wildlife habitat, including habitat for threatened, endangered, and other species of concern. On landforms where archeological sites are likely to occur, use techniques to maximize identification of such sites prior to planning, design, and construction.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specification for installing diversions shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE An operation and maintenance plan shall be prepared for use by the client. The plan shall include specific instructions for maintaining diversion capacity, storage, ridge height, and outlets. The minimum requirements to be addressed in the operation and maintenance plan are: 1. Provide periodic inspections, especially immediately following significant storms. 2. Promptly repair or replace damaged components of the diversion as necessary. 3. Maintain diversion capacity, ridge height, and outlet elevations especially if high sediment yielding areas are in the drainage area above the diversion. Establish necessary clean-out requirements. 4. Each inlet for underground outlets must be kept clean and sediment buildup redistributed so that the inlet is at the lowest point. Inlets damaged by farm machinery must be replaced or repaired immediately. 5. Redistribute sediment as necessary to maintain the capacity of the diversion. 6. Vegetation shall be maintained and trees and brush controlled by hand, chemical and/or mechanical means. 7. Keep machinery away from steep sloped ridges. Keep equipment operators informed of all potential hazards.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-151 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD



## ROOF RUNOFF STRUCTURE

(No.)

CODE 558

DEFINITION Structures that collect, control, and transport precipitation from roofs.

PURPOSE To improve water quality, reduce soil erosion, increase infiltration, protect structures, and/or increase water quantity.

CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES Where roof runoff from precipitation needs to be:

• diverted away from structures or contaminated
areas;

• collected, controlled, and transported to a stable outlet; or

• collected and used for other purposes such as irrigation or animal watering facility.

CRITERIA

General Criteria Applicable to All Purposes The minimum design capacity for roof runoff structures shall be a 10-year storm frequency, 5- minute rainfall precipitation event, except where excluding roof runoff from manure management facilities. In that case, a 25-year frequency, 5- minute precipitation event shall be used to design roof runoff structures (Refer to Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook, NEH Part 651 Chapter 10 Appendix 10B). When gutters are used, the capacity of the downspout(s) must equal or exceed the gutter flow rate. Runoff may empty into surface or underground outlets, or onto the ground surface. Surface and underground outlets shall be sized to ensure adequate design capacity and shall provide for clean-out as appropriate. When runoff from roofs empties onto the ground surface, a stable outlet shall be provided. When runoff is conveyed through a gutter and downspout system, an elbow and energy dissipation device shall be placed at the end of the downspout to provide a stable outlet and direct water away from the building. Surface or ground outlets such as rock pads, rock filled trenches with subsurface drains, concrete and other erosion-resistant pads, or preformed channels may be used, particularly where snow and ice are a significant load component on roofs. In regions where snow and ice will accumulate on roofs, guards and sufficient supports to withstand the anticipated design load shall be included.

Roof runoff structures shall be made of durable materials with a minimum design life of ten years. Roof gutters and downspouts may be made of aluminum, galvanized steel, wood, or plastic. Aluminum gutters and downspouts shall have a minimum nominal thickness of 0.027 inches and 0.020 inches, respectively. Galvanized steel gutters and downspouts shall be a minimum 28 gauge. Wood shall be clear and free of knots. Wood may be redwood, cedar, cypress, or other species that has the desired longevity. Plastics shall contain ultraviolet stabilizers. Dissimilar metals shall not be in contact with each other. Rock-filled trenches and pads shall consist of poorly graded rock (all rock fragments approximately the same size) and be free of appreciable amounts of sand and/or soil particles.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-152 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Crushed limestone shall not be used for backfill material unless it has been washed. Subsurface drains or outlets shall meet the material requirements of the applicable NRCS conservation practice standard. Concrete appurtenances used shall meet the requirements of NRCS NEH Part 642, Chapter 2, Construction Specification 32 Structure Concrete. Roof runoff structures shall be protected from damage by livestock and equipment.

Additional Criteria to Increase Infiltration Runoff shall be routed onto pervious landscaped areas (e.g., lawns, mass planting areas, infiltrati on trenches, and natural areas) to increase infiltrati on of runoff. These areas shall be capable of infiltrating the runoff in such a way that replenis hes soil moisture without adversely affecting the desired plant species.

Additional Criteria to Protect Structures Runoff shall be directed away from structure foundations to avoid wetness and hydraulic loading on the foundation. On expansive soils or bedrock, downspout extensions shall be used to discharge runoff a minimum of five (5) feet from the structure. The discharge area for runoff must slope away from the protected structure.

Additional Criteria to Increase Water Quantity Storage structures for non-potable purposes such as irrigation water shall be designed in accordance with NRCS conservation practice standards, as appropriate. Potable water storage structures shall be constructed of materials and in a manner that will not increase the contamination of the stored water. Roof runoff collected and stored for potable uses must be treated prior to consumption and shall be tested periodically to assure that adequate quality is maintained for human consumption. CONSIDERATIONS Avoid discharging outlets near wells and sinkholes. Some designs may provide secondary benefits, e.g. rock pads may also reduce rodent problems around livestock and poultry barns.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS The plans and specifications shall show the location, spacing, size, and grade of all gutters and downspouts and type and quality of material to be used. Plans and specifications for other practices essential to the proper functioning of th e roof runoff structure, such as underground outlet, shall be included.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE An operation and maintenance plan shall be developed that is consistent with the purposes of the practice, its intended life, safety requirement s, and the criteria for the design. The plan shall contain, but not be limited to, the following provisions:

• Keep roof runoff structures clean and free of obstructions that reduce flow.

• Make regular inspections and perform repair maintenance as needed to ensure proper functioning of the roof runoff structures.

REFERENCES USDA-NRCS. 1999. National Engineering Handbook, Part 651, Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-153 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD



## NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

(Ac.)

CODE 590

DEFINITION Managing the amount, source, placement, form and timing of the application of plant nutrients and soil amendments.

PURPOSE

• To budget and supply nutrients for plant production.

• To properly utilize manure or organic byproducts as a plant nutrient source.

• To minimize agricultural nonpoint source pollution of surface and ground water

resources.

• To protect air quality by reducing nitrogen emissions (ammonia and NO x compounds) and the formation of atmospheric particulates.

• To maintain or improve the physical, chemical and biological condition of soil.

CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES This practice applies to all lands where plant nutrients and soil amendments are applied.

CRITERIA

General Criteria Applicable to All Purposes A nutrient budget for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium shall be developed that considers all potential sources of nutrients including, but notlimited to animal manure and organic byproducts, waste water, commercial fertilizer, crop residues, legume credits, and irrigation water. Realistic yield goals shall be established based on soil productivity information, historical yield data, climatic conditions, level of management and/or local research on similar soil, croppingsystems, and soil and manure/organic byproducts tests. For new crops or varieties, industry yield recommendations may be used until documented yield information is available. Plans for nutrient management shall specify the source, amount, timing and method of application of nutrients on each field to achieve realistic production goals, while minimizing movement of nutrients and other potential contaminants to surface and/or ground waters.

Areas contained within established minimum application setbacks (e.g., sinkholes, wells, gullies, ditches, surface inlets or rapidly permeable soil areas) shall not receive direct application of nutrients.
The amount of nutrients lost to erosion, runoff, irrigation and drainage, shall be addressed, as needed. Soil and Tissue Sampling and Laboratory Analyses (Testing). Nutrient planning shall be based on current soil and tissue (where used as a supplement) test results developed in accordance with Land Grant University guidance, or industry practice if recognized by the Land Grant University. Current soil tests are those that are no older than five years. Soil and tissue samples shall be collected and prepared according to the Land Grant University guidance or standard industry practice. Soil and tissue test analyses shall be performed by3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-154 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service laboratories that are accepted in one or more of the following:

• Laboratories successfully meeting the requirements and performance standards of the North American Proficiency Testing Program (NAPT) under the auspices of the Soil Science Society of America, or

• State recognized program that considers laboratory performance and proficiency to assure accuracy of soil test results. Soil and tissue testing shall include analyses for any nutrients for which specific information is needed to develop the nutrient plan. Request analyses pertinent to monitoring or amending the annual nutrient budget, e.g. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nutrient Application Rates. Soil amendments shall be applied, as needed, to adjust soil pH to an adequate level for crop nutrient availability and utilization. Recommended nutrient application rates shall be based on Land Grant University recommendations (and/or industry practice when recognized by the university) that consider current soil test results, realistic yield goals an d management capabilities. If the Land Grant University does not provide specific recommendations, application shall be based on realistic yield goals and associated plant nutrient uptake rates. The planned rates of nutrient application, as documented in the nutrient budget, shall be determined based on the following guidance:

• Nitrogen Application

- Planned nitrogen application rates shall match the recommended rates as closely as possible, except when manure or organic by-products are a source of nutrients. When manure or organic by-products are a source of nutrients, see “Additional Criteria” below.

• Phosphorus Application

- Planned phosphorus application rates shall match the recommended rates as closely as possible, except when manure or organic by-products are sources of nutrients. When manure or organic by-products are a source of nutrients, see “Additional Criteria” below.

• Potassium Application - Potassium shall not be applied in situations in which excess (greater than soil test potassium recommendation) causes unacceptable nutrient imbalances in crops or forages. When forage quality is an issue associated with excess potassium application, state standards shall be used to set forage quality guidelines.

• Other Plant Nutrients - The planned rates of application of other nutrients shall be consistent with Land Grant University guidance or industry practice if recognized by the Land Grant University in the state.

• Starter Fertilizers - When starter fertilizers are used, they shall be included in the overall nutrient budget, and applied in accordance with Land Grant University recommendations, or industry practice if recognized by the Land Grant University within the state. Nutrient Application Timing. Timing and method of nutrient application (particularly nitrogen) shall correspond as closely as possible with plant nutrient uptake characteristics, while considering cropping system limitations, weather and climatic conditions, risk assessment tools (e.g., leaching index, P index) and field accessibility. Nutrient Application Methods. Application methods to reduce the risk of nutrient transport to surface and ground water, or into the atmosphere shall be employed.

To minimize nutrient losses:

• Apply nutrient materials uniformly to application area(s).

• Nutrients shall not be applied to frozen, snow-covered or saturated soil if the potential risk for runoff exists.

• Nutrients shall be applied considering the plant growth habits, irrigation practices, and other conditions so as to maximize availability to the plant and minimize the risk of runoff, leaching, and volatilization losses.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-155 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service • Nutrient applications associated with irrigation systems shall be applied in a manner that prevents or minimizes resource impairment. Conservation Management Unit (CMU) Risk Assessment. In areas with identified or designated nutrient related water quality impairment, a CMU specific risk assessment of the potential for nutrient transport from the area shall be completed. States that utilize a threshold prescreening procedure to trigger CMU risk assessment shall follow approved procedures as recommended by the respective state or Land Grant University. Use an appropriate nutrient risk assessment tool for the nutrient in question (e.g., leaching index, phosphorus index) or other state recognized assessment tool.

Additional Criteria Applicable to Manure and Organic By-Products or Biosolids Applied as a Plant Nutrient Source When animal manures or organic by-products are applied, a risk assessment of the potential for nutrient transport from the CMU shall be completed to adjust the amount, placement, form and timing of application of nutrient sources, as recommended by the respective state or Land Grant University.Nutrient values of manure and organic byproducts (excluding sewage sludge or biosolids) shall be determined prior to land application. Samples will be taken and analyzed with each hauling/emptying cycle for a storage/treatment facility. Manure sampling frequency may vary based on the operation’s manure handling strategy and spreading schedule. If there is no prior sampling history, the manure shall be analyzed at least annually for a minimum of three consecutive years. A cumulative record shall be developed and maintained until a consistent (maintaining a certain nutrient concentration with minimal variation) level of nutrient values is realized. The average of results contained in the operation’s cumulative manure analyses history shall be used as a basis for nutrient allocation to fields. Samples shall be collected and prepared according to Land Grant University guidance or industry practice.

In planning for new operations, acceptable “book values” recognized by the NRCS and/or the Land Grant University may be used if they accurately estimate nutrient output from the proposed operation (e.g., NRCS Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook). Biosolids (sewage sludge) shall be applied in accordance with USEPA regulations. (40 CFR Parts 403 (Pretreatment) and 503 (Biosolids) and other state and/or local regulations regarding the use of biosolids as a nutrient

source. Manure and Organic By-Product Nutrient Application Rates. Manure and organic byproduct nutrient application rates shall be based on nutrient analyses procedures recommended by the respective state or Land Grant University. As indicated above, “book values” may be used in planning for new operations. At a minimum, manure analyses shall identify nutrient and specific ion concentrations, percent moisture, and percent organic matter. Salt concentration shall be monitored so that manure applications do not cause plant damage or negatively impact soil quality. The application rate (in/hr) of liquid materials applied shall not exceed the soil intake/infiltrati on rate and shall be adjusted to minimize ponding and to avoid runoff. The total application shall not exceed the field capacity of the soil and shall be adjusted, as needed, to minimize loss to subsurface tile drains. The planned rates of nitrogen and phosphorus application recorded in the plan shall be determined based on the following guidance: Nitrogen Application Rates

o When manure or organic by-products are used, the nitrogen availability of the planned application rates shall match plant uptake characteristics as closely as possible, taking into consideration the timing of nutrient application(s) in order to minimize leaching and atmospheric losses.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-156 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service o Management activities and technologies shall be used that effectively utilize mineralized nitrogen and that minimize nitrogen losses through denitrification and ammonia volatilization.

o Manure or organic by-products may be applied on legumes at rates equal to the estimated removal of nitrogen in harvested plant biomass.

o When the nutrient management plan component is being implemented on a phosphorus basis, manure or organic by-products shall be applied at rates consistent with a phosphorus limited application rate. In such situations, anadditional nitrogen application, from nonorganic sources, may be required to supply, but not exceed, the recommended amounts of nitrogen in any given year. Phosphorus Application Rates

o When manure or organic by-products are used, the planned rates of phosphorus application shall be consistent with any one of the following options:

◊ Phosphorus Index (PI) Rating. Nitrogen-based manure application on Low or Medium Risk Sites; phosphorus-based or no manure application on High and Very High Risk Sites.**

◊ Soil Phosphorus Threshold Values. Nitrogen-based manure application on sites on which the soil test phosphorus levels are below thethreshold values; Phosphorusbased or no manure application on sites on which soil phosphorus levels equal or exceed threshold values.**

◊ Soil Test. Nitrogen-based manure application on sites for which the soil test recommendation calls for phosphorus application; phosphorus-based or no manure application on sites for which the soil test recommendation calls for no phosphorus application. ‡** Acceptable phosphorusbased manure application rates shall be determined as a function of soil test recommendation or estimated phosphorus removal in harvested plant biomass. Guidance for developing these acceptable rates is found in the NRCS General Manual, Title 190, Part 402 (Ecological Sciences, Nutrient Management, Policy), and the National Agronomy Manual, Section 503 (to be developed).

o The application of phosphorus applied as manure may be made at a rate equal to the recommended phosphorus application or estimated phosphorus removal in harvested plant biomass for the crop rotation or multiple years in the crop sequence. When such applications are made, the application rate shall:

◊ Not exceed the recommended nitrogen application rate during the year of application, or

◊ Not exceed the estimated nitrogen removal in harvested plant biomass during the year of application when there is no recommended nitrogen application.

◊ Not be made on sites considered vulnerable to off-site phosphorus transport unless appropriate conservation practices, best management practices or management activities are used to reduce the vulnerability. Heavy Metal Monitoring. When sewage sludge (biosolids) is applied, the accumulation of potential pollutants (including arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc) in the soil shall be monitored in accordance with the US Code, Reference 40 CFR, Parts 403 and 503, and/or any applicable state and local laws or regulations.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-157 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Additional Criteria to Protect Air Quality by Reducing Nitrogen and/or Particulate Emissions to the Atmosphere In areas with an identified or designated nutrient management related air quality concern, any component(s) of nutrient management (i.e., amount, source, placement, form, timing of application) identified by risk assessment tools as a potential source of atmospheric pollutants shall be adjusted, as necessary, to minimize the loss(es). When tillage can be performed, surface applications of manure and fertilizer nitrogen formulations that are subject to volatilization on the soil surface (e.g., urea) shall be incorporated into the soil within 24 hours after application. When manure or organic by-products are applied to grassland, hayland, pasture or minimum-till areas the rate, form and timing of application(s) shall be managed to minimize volatilization losses. When liquid forms of manure are applied with irrigation equipment, operators will select weather conditions during application that will minimize volatilization losses. Operators will handle and apply poultry litter or other dry types of animal manures when the potential for wind-driven loss is low and there is less potential for transport of particulates into t he atmosphere. Weather and climatic conditions during manure or organic by-product application(s) shall be recorded and maintained in accordance with the operation and maintenance section of this standard.

Additional Criteria to Improve the Physical, Chemical and Biological Condition of the Soil Nutrients shall be applied and managed in a manner that maintains or improves the physical, chemical and biological condition of the soil. Minimize the use of nutrient sources with high salt content unless provisions are made to leach salts below the crop root zone. To the extent practicable nutrients shall not be applied when the potential for soil compaction and rutting is high.

CONSIDERATIONS The use of management activities and technologies listed in this section may improve both the production and environmental performance of nutrient management systems. The addition of these management activities, when applicable, increases the management intensity of the system and is recommended in a nutrient management system. Action should be taken to protect National Register listed and other eligible cultural

resources. The nutrient budget should be reviewed annually to determine if any changes are needed for the next planned crop. For sites on which there are special environmental concerns, other sampling techniques may be appropriate. These include soil profile sampling for nitrogen, Pre-Sidedress Nitrogen Test (PSNT), Pre-Plant Soil Nitrate Test (PPSN) or soil surface sampling for phosphorus accumulation or pH changes. Additional practices to enhance the producer’s ability to manage manure effectively include modification of the animal’s diet to reduce the manure nutrient content, or utilizing manure amendments that stabilize or tie-up nutrients.

Soil test information should be no older than one year when developing new plans, particularly if animal manures are to be used as a nutrient

source.
Excessive levels of some nutrients can cause induced deficiencies of other nutrients. If increases in soil phosphorus levels are expected, consider a more frequent (annual) soil testing interval. To manage the conversion of nitrogen in manure or fertilizer, use products or materials (e.g. nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors and slo w or controlled release fertilizers) that more closel y match nutrient release and availability for plant3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-158 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service uptake. These materials may improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the nutrient management system by reducing losses of nitrogen into water and/or air. Considerations to Minimize Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution of Surface and Ground Water. Erosion control and runoff reduction practices can improve soil nutrient and water storage, infiltration, aeration, tilth, diversity of soil organisms and protect or improve water and air quality (Consider installation of one or more NRCS FOTG, Section IV – Conservation Practice Standards). Cover crops can effectively utilize and/or recycle residual nitrogen. Apply nutrient materials uniformly to the application area. Application methods and timing that reduce the risk of nutrients being transported to ground and surface waters, or into the atmosphere include:

• Split applications of nitrogen to provide nutrients at the times of maximum crop utilization,

• Use stalk-test to minimize risk of over applying nitrogen in excess of crop needs.

• Avoid winter nutrient application for spring seeded crops,

• Band applications of phosphorus near the seed row,

• Incorporate surface applied manures or organic by-products as soon as possible after application to minimize nutrient losses,

• Delay field application of animal manures or organic by-products if precipitation capable of producing runoff and erosion is forecast within 24 hours of the time of the planned application. Considerations to Protect Air Quality by Reducing Nitrogen and/or Particulate Emissions to the Atmosphere. Odors associated with the land application of manures and organic by-products can be offensive to the occupants of nearby homes. Avoid applying these materials upwind of occupied structures when residents are likely to be home (evenings, weekends and holidays). When applying manure with irrigation equipment, modifying the equipment can reduce the potential for volatilization of nitrogen from the time the manure leaves the application equipment until it reaches the surface of the soil (e.g., reduced pressure, drop down tubes for center pivots). N volatilization from manure in a surface irrigation system will be reduced when applied under a crop canopy. When planning nutrient applications and tillage operations, encourage soil carbon buildup while discouraging greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., nitrous oxide N 2 O, carbon dioxide CO 2 ). Nutrient applications associated with irrigation systems should be applied in accordance with the requirements of Irrigation Water Management (Code 449). CAFO operations seeking permits under USEPA regulations (40 CFR Parts 122 and 412) should consult with their respective state permitting authority for additional criteria.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specifications for nutrient management shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose(s), using nutrients to achieve production goals and to prevent or minimize resource impairment. Nutrient management plans shall include a statement that the plan was developed based on requirements of the current standard and any applicable Federal, state, or local regulations, policies, or programs, which may include the implementation of other practices and/or management activities. Changes in any of these requirements may necessitate a revision of the plan. The following components shall be included in the nutrient management plan:

• aerial site photograph(s) or site map(s), and a soil survey map of the site,3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-159 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service • location of designated sensitive areas or resources and the associated, nutrient management restriction,

• current and/or planned plant production sequence or crop rotation,

• results of soil, water, manure and/or organic by-product sample analyses,

• results of plant tissue analyses, when used for nutrient management,

• realistic yield goals for the crops,

• complete nutrient budget for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for the crop rotation or sequence,

• listing and quantification of all nutrient
sources,

• CMU specific recommended nutrient application rates, timing, form, and method of application and incorporation, and

• guidance for implementation, operation, maintenance, and recordkeeping. If increases in soil phosphorus levels are expected, the nutrient management plan shall document:

• the soil phosphorus levels at which it may be desirable to convert to phosphorus based planning,

• results of appropriate risk assessment tools to document the relationship between soil phosphorus levels and potential for phosphorus transport from the field,

• the potential for soil phosphorus drawdown from the production and harvesting of crops, and

• management activities or techniques used to reduce the potential for phosphorus loss.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE The owner/client is responsible for safe operation and maintenance of this practice including all equipment. Operation and maintenance addresses the following:

• periodic plan review to determine if adjustments or modifications to the plan are needed. As a minimum, plans will be reviewed and revised with each soil test cycle.

• significant changes in animal numbers and/or feed management will necessitate additional manure sampling and analyses to establish a revised average nutrient content.

• protection of fertilizer and organic by-product storage facilities from weather and accidental leakage or spillage.

• calibration of application equipment to ensure uniform distribution of material at planned rates.

• documentation of the actual rate at which nutrients were applied. When the actual rates used differ from the recommended and planned rates, records will indicate the reasons for the differences.

• Maintaining records to document plan implementation. As applicable, records include:

o Soil, plant tissue, water, manure, and organic by-product analyses resulting in recommendations for nutrient application,

o quantities, analyses and sources of nutrients applied,

o dates and method(s) of nutrient applications,

o weather conditions and soil moisture at the time of application; lapsed time to manure incorporation, rainfall or irrigation event.

o crops planted, planting and harvest dates, yields, and crop residues removed,

o dates of plan review, name of reviewer, and recommended changes resulting from the review. Records should be maintained for five years; or for a period longer than five years if required by other Federal, state or local ordinances, or program or contract requirements.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-160 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Workers should be protected from and avoid unnecessary contact with plant nutrient sources. Extra caution must be taken when handling ammoniacal nutrient sources, or when dealing with organic wastes stored in unventilated enclosures. Material generated from cleaning nutrient application equipment should be utilized in an environmentally safe manner. Excess material should be collected and stored or field applied in an appropriate manner. Nutrient containers should be recycled in compliance with state and local guidelines or regulations. REFERENCES Follett, R.F. 2001. Nitrogen Transformation and Transport Processes. pp. 17-44, In R.F. Follett and J. Hatfield. (eds.). 2001. Nitrogen in the Environment; Sources, Problems, and Solutions. Elsevier Science Publishers. The Netherlands. 520 pp. Sims, J.T. (ed.) 2005. Phosphorus: Agriculture and the Environment. Agron. Monogr. 46. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Stevenson, F.J. (ed.) 1982. Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils. Agron. Series 22. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-161 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service



### NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD



## WASTE UTILIZATION

(Ac.)

CODE 633

DEFINITION Using agricultural wastes such as manure and wastewater or other organic residues.

PURPOSE

• Protect water quality

• Protect air quality

• Provide fertility for crop, forage, fiber production and forest products

• Improve or maintain soil structure

• Provide feedstock for livestock

• Provide a source of energy

CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES This practice applies where agricultural wastes including animal manure and contaminated water from livestock and poultry operations; solids and wastewater from municipal treatment plants; and agricultural processing residues are generated, and/or utilized

CRITERIA General Criteria Applicable to All Purposes
All federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations governing waste management, pollution abatement, health and safety shall be strictly adhered to. The owner or operator shall be responsible for securing all required permits or approvals related to waste utilization, and for operating and maintaining any components in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Use of agricultural wastes shall be based on at least one analysis of the material during the time it is to be used. In the case of daily spreading, the waste shall be sampled and analyzed at least once each year. As a minimum, the waste analysis should identify nutrient and specific ion concentrations. Where the metal content of municipal wastewater, sludge, septage and other agricultural waste is of a concern, the analysis shall also include determining the concentration of metals in the material. When agricultural wastes are land applied, application rates shall be consistent with the requirements of the NRCS conservation practice standard for nutrient management (590). Where agricultural wastes are to be spread on land not owned or controlled by the producer, the waste management plan, as a minimum, shall document the amount of waste to be transferred and who will be responsible for the environmentally acceptable use of the waste. Records of the use of wastes shall be kept a minimum of five years as discussed in OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, below. Additional Criteria to Protect Water Quality All agricultural waste shall be utilized in a manner that minimizes the opportunity for contamination of surface and ground water supplies.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-162 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service Agricultural waste shall not be land-applied on soils that are frequently flooded, as defined by the National Cooperative Soil Survey, during the period when flooding is expected. When liquid wastes are applied, the application rate shall not exceed the infiltration rate of the soil, and the amount of waste applied shall not exceed the moisture holding capacity of the soil profile at the time of application. Wastes shall not be applied to frozen, snow-covered or saturated soil if the potential risk for runoff exists. The basis for the decision to apply waste under these conditions shall be documented in the waste management plan. Additional Criteria to Protect Air Quality Incorporate surface applications of solid forms of manure or other organic by-products into the soil within 24 hours of application to minimize emissions and to reduce odors

. When applying liquid forms of manure with irrigation equipment select application conditions where there is high humidity, little/no wind blowing, a forthcoming rainfall event and/or other conditions that will minimize volatilization losses into the atmosphere. The basis for applying manure under these conditions shall be documented in the nutrient management plan. Handle and apply poultry litter or other drytypes of animal manure or other organic byproducts when weather conditions are calm and there is less potential for blowing and emission of particulates in the atmosphere. The basis for applying manure under these conditions shall be documented in the nutrient management plan. When sub-surface applied using an injection system, waste shall be placed at a depth and applied at a rate that minimizes leaks onto the soil surface, while minimizing disturbance to the soil surface and plant community.

All materials shall be handled in a manner to minimize the generation of particulate matter, odors and greenhouse gases. Additional Criteria for Providing Fertility for Crop, Forage and Fiber Production and Forest Products Where agricultural wastes are utilized to provide fertility for crop, forage, fiber productio n and forest products, the practice standard Nutrient Management (590) shall be followed. Where municipal wastewater and solids are applied to agricultural lands as a nutrient source, the single application or lifetime limits of heavy metals shall not be exceeded. The concentration of salts shall not exceed the level that will impair seed germination or plant growth. Additional Criteria for Improving or Maintaining Soil Structure Wastes shall be applied at rates not to exceed the crop nutrient requirements or salt concentrations as stated above. Residue management practices shall be used for maintenance of soil structure. Additional Criteria for Providing Feedstock for Livestock Agricultural wastes to be used for feedstock shall be handled in a manner to minimize contamination and preserve its feed value. Chicken litter stored for this purpose shall be covered. A qualified animal nutritionist shall develop rations that utilize wastes. Additional Criteria for Providing a Source of Energy Use of agricultural waste for energy production shall be an integral part of the overall waste management system. All energy producing components of the system shall be included in the waste management plan and provisions for utilization of residues of energy production identified. Where the residues of energy production are to be land-applied for crop nutrient use or soil conditioning, the criteria listed above shall apply.3/15/2010 Chesapeake Bay Executive Order Section 50 2 Guidance — Do Not Cite or Quote —



### NRCS, NHCP October 2003

Chapter 2. Agriculture 2-163 Conservation practice standards are reviewed period ically, and updated if needed. To obtain the current version of this standard, contact the N atural Resources Conservation Service CONSIDERATIONS

The effect of Waste Utilization on the water budget should be considered, particularly where a shallow ground water table is present or in areas prone to runoff. Limit waste application to the volume of liquid that can be stored in the root zone. Agricultural wastes contain pathogens and other disease-causing organisms. Wastes should be utilized in a manner that minimizes their disease potential. Priority areas for land application of wastes should be on gentle slopes located as far as possible from waterways. When wastes are applied on more sloping land or land adjacent to waterways, other conservation practices should be installed to reduce the potential for offsite transport of waste. It is preferable to apply wastes on pastures andhayland soon after cutting or grazing before regrowth has occurred. Minimize environmental impact of land-applied waste by limiting the quantity of waste applied to the rates determined using the practice standard Nutrient Management (590) for all waste utilization.

Consider the net effect of waste utilization on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration.

PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Plans and specifications for Waste Utilization shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The waste management plan is to account for the utilization or other disposal of all animal wastes produced, and all waste application areas shall be clearly indicated on a plan map.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Records shall be kept for a period of five years or longer, and include when appropriate:

• Quantity of manure and other agricultural waste produced and their nutrient content.

• Soil test results.

• Dates and amounts of waste application where land applied, and the dates and amounts of waste removed from the system due to feeding, energy production or export from the operation.

• Describe climatic conditions during waste application such as: time of day, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and other factors as necessary.

• Waste application methods.

• Crops grown and yields (both yield goals and measured yield).

• Other tests, such as determining the nutrient content of the harvested product.

• Calibration of application equipment. The operation and maintenance plan shall include the dates of periodic inspections and maintenance of equipment and facilities used in waste utilization. The plan should include what is to be inspected or maintained, and a general time frame for making necessary repairs.