J-S90037-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

JUSTIN JAMES SACCOMANDI,

Appellant No. 497 EDA 2016

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 22, 2015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0002510-2015

BEFORE: OTT, J., SOLANO, J. AND JENKINS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 23, 2016

A jury found Justin Saccomandi guilty of simple assault for attempting 

by physical menace to put another in fear of imminent serious bodily injury.1

The trial court sentenced Saccomandi to two years’ probation. Saccomandi 

filed timely post-sentence motions, which the court denied, and a timely 

notice of direct appeal. Both Saccomandi and the trial court complied with 

Pa.R.A.P. 1925. 

Saccomandi raises a single argument on appeal: “The trial court erred 

in denying the defense’s motion for acquittal because the Commonwealth 

failed to rebut [] Saccomandi’s defense of self-defense beyond a 

reasonable doubt.” For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

____________________________________________

1 18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a)(3).
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Saccomandi challenges the sufficiency of the evidence in his lone 

argument on appeal. When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of 

evidence, our standard of review is as follows:

The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the 

evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at 

trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there 

is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every 

element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In 

applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence 

and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In 

addition, we note that the facts and circumstances 

established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every 

possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a 

defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless 

the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter 

of law no probability of fact may be drawn from the 

combined circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain 

its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a 

reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial 

evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire 

record must be evaluated and all evidence actually 

received must be considered. Finally, the [trier] of fact 

while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the 

weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part 

or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super.2011).

Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the evidence 

of record is as follows. On March 13, 2015, Frederico Aguilar (“the victim”) 

was traveling south on Route 322 in Delaware County, when he noticed a 

red pick–up truck accelerate towards his vehicle from behind as the victim 

approached a red light. The victim was traveling with his wife and two 

children (a 16-year-old son and a 9-year-old daughter) on their way to pick 

up dinner. After the light turned green, the victim proceeded to the next red 
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light (a short distance away) at a normal speed and entered the left-hand 

turning lane. The red pick-up truck proceeded to drive in the lane to the 

right of and parallel to the victim, maintaining the same speed as the victim. 

Saccomandi was driving the truck and was scowling at the victim in a nasty 

manner while shaking his head. 

The victim gave Saccomandi the finger and turned left when the light 

turned green. In response, Saccomandi turned left from the wrong lane of 

traffic and proceeded to follow the victim’s vehicle, revving his engine while 

screaming at him. At the next red light, Saccomandi stopped closely behind 

the victim, screamed that he “would kill him” and gave “the most evil look.” 

Saccomandi’s aggression continued after the light changed: he sped 

up next to the victim’s vehicle so that he was traveling parallel to him in the 

opposite lane of traffic and again screamed that he would kill the victim. 

Saccomandi then turned into a church parking lot and the victim followed 

him in. Saccomandi parked his pick-up truck, but kept it running; the victim 

parked his car about 20 feet away from Saccomandi. The victim did not 

block the exit. 

The victim and his son (both unarmed) began walking towards 

Saccomandi’s truck but froze as they saw Saccomandi reaching towards an 

object. Saccomandi then brandished a handgun out of his driver’s side 

window, pointed it at the victim and his son, and yelled at them to “back up, 

back up.” Saccomandi and his son remained still, but Saccomandi fired a 

shot at their feet. The bullet struck about one foot away from the victim. 
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The victim screamed for his wife to call the police. Saccomandi fled, driving 

over a grassy hill in the parking lot and back out onto the highway, almost 

crashing into another vehicle. The victim did not need to move his vehicle 

for Saccomandi to flee; indeed, the victim was still outside of his vehicle 

when Saccomandi sped away. 

Officer Gaspari of the Chichester Police Department responded to the 

911 call, spoke to the family, and then recovered a .40-caliber handgun 

round. Another witness, Lisa Hernandez, was on the road that same 

evening and observed Saccomandi driving his red pick-up truck in a reckless 

manner while screaming and cursing at the victim’s vehicle. Saccomandi’s 

truck cut Hernandez off on multiple occasions as he screamed obscenities at 

the victim and his family. Hernandez recorded the truck’s license plate 

number, and when she learned of the shooting on March 18, 2016, she 

called the police to report the license plate. 

Later on March 18th, Detective Jones of the Chichester Police 

Department connected the license plate number to Saccomandi. The victim 

picked Saccomandi out of a photo line-up. The detective drove to 

Saccomandi’s home and asked Saccomandi about the incident. Saccomandi 

responded: “The incident with the three Mexicans?” The police executed a 

search warrant at Saccomandi’s home and recovered a firearm, but not the 

one used in the shooting. The next day, however, Saccomandi produced the 

.40-caliber handgun used in the shooting. 
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In his sole argument on appeal, Saccomandi contends that the 

Commonwealth failed to rebut the evidence of self-defense. Before 

addressing this argument, we find it helpful to discuss why the evidence was 

sufficient to establish the crime of simple assault. 

18 Pa.C.S. § 2701(a)(3) provides that a person is guilty of simple 

assault if he “attempts by physical menace to put another in fear of 

imminent serious bodily injury.” Id. To satisfy this provision, the 

Commonwealth must prove that the defendant “intentionally plac[ed] 

another in fear of imminent serious bodily injury through the use of 

menacing or frightening activity.” Commonwealth v. Repko, 817 A.2d 

549, 554 (Pa.Super.2003). “The act of pointing a gun at another person can 

constitute simple assault as an attempt by physical menace to put another in 

fear of imminent serious bodily injury.” In Re Maloney, 636 A.2d 671, 674 

(Pa.Super.1994) (prima facie case of simple assault by physical menace 

established where driver pointed gun at another driver and said “get the 

f*** out of here”); Commonwealth v. Little, 614 A.2d 1146, 1148 

(Pa.Super.1992) (simple assault by physical menace established where 

defendant “erratically emerged from her home carrying a shotgun, shouting, 

and advancing from her porch” even though she cradled gun and never fired 

it).

Whereas the defendants in Maloney and Little merely pointed their 

weapons at the victims, Saccomandi threatened to kill the victim and his 
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family and fired his gun at the victim, with the bullet missing the victim by 

just one foot. This clearly was sufficient to prove that Saccomandi 

intentionally placed the victim in fear of imminent serious bodily injury 

through the use of a menacing or frightening activity. In addition, testimony 

from the victim, his family, and Hernandez demonstrates that Saccomandi 

initiated the road rage incident and cursed, screamed, and scowled at the 

victim and his family. He drove up alongside of them in the wrong lane of 

traffic, tailgated them, gunned his engine, and came to abrupt, shuddering 

stops, all while threatening to kill them. 

With this evidence of simple assault as a backdrop, we turn to 

Saccomandi’s claim that the Commonwealth failed to rebut the evidence of 

self-defense. When the defendant claims that he acted in self-defense, the 

Commonwealth bears the burden of disproving the defense beyond a 

reasonable doubt. 18 Pa.C.S. § 505; Commonwealth v. Smith, 97 A.2d 

782, 787 (Pa.Super.2014). To accomplish this, the Commonwealth must 

introduce evidence to disprove the claim of self-defense; the fact-finder 

cannot simply disbelieve the defendant’s evidence. Id. The Commonwealth 

sustains this burden if it establishes at least one of the following: (1) the 

accused did not reasonably believe that he was in danger of death or serious 

bodily injury; or (2) the accused provoked or continued the use of force; or 

(3) the accused had a duty to retreat and the retreat was possible with 

complete safety. Id. The Commonwealth must establish only one of these 
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three elements beyond a reasonable doubt to insulate its case from a selfdefense challenge. Id.

The evidence satisfies elements (2) and (3) of the test articulated in 

Smith. With regard to element (2), which focuses on whether the 

defendant provoked or continued the use of force, the Commonwealth 

sustains its burden “if it proves ... that the [defendant] was not free from 

fault in provoking or continuing the difficulty ...” Commonwealth v. 

Mouzon, 53 A.3d 736, 740 (Pa.2012). In Mouzon, the defendant followed 

a group of women down a flight of stairs while verbally haranguing them and 

threatening to kill them. The victim, a “rather large man,” interceded on the 

womens’ behalf by approaching the defendant and began fighting with him. 

The defendant produced a gun and shot it twice, killing the victim and 

injuring a bystander. Our Supreme Court held that this evidence proved 

that the defendant provoked the use of force, thus negating his claim of selfdefense:

The altercation between [the defendant and the victim] did not 

occur spontaneously, or in isolation; it was the culmination of an 

ongoing confrontation in the bar initiated by [the defendant] 

alone and continued and escalated by [the defendant] alone. As 

a matter of law, we conclude that [he] was not free from fault in 

provoking or continuing ‘the difficulty’ that led to the slaying, so 

as to warrant his use of deadly force, such that he cannot be 

held responsible for shooting two people, one fatally.

[The defendant] is correct that there is decisional law suggesting 

that merely insulting or scandalous words of a light or trivial kind 

do not suffice to establish the requisite provocation to negate a 

claim of self-defense. But, the uncontradicted evidence here 

shows that [his] words and actions were substantially more 
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provocative than a mere verbal insult. [He] did not simply utter 

rude or crass comments to the women; he closely followed the 

women down a flight of stairs, verbally haranguing them the 

entire time. Moreover, he threatened to kill them, in no 

uncertain terms. Not all words are the same; and words 

combined with conduct can be extremely provocative. Threats 

to kill, moreover, invite response or even interference, including 

from those with a sense of chivalry, and even from those of a 

mind to go further and punish the provocateur. [The defendant] 

may well have been emboldened by alcohol consumption, as he 

now says. But, it is no less likely that his actions represented a 

bravado borne of the fact that he knew -- where others in the 

bar, including [the victim], did not -- that, in harassing and 

threatening the women, he was armed not only with his wits and 

his fists, but with a loaded handgun concealed in his waistband 

... Those circumstances establish that [the defendant] was not 

free from fault, but provoked what became a fatal encounter, 

irrespective of what he now alleges he may or must have 

believed respecting the need to defend himself.

Id. at 751. The present case is similar to Mouzon. In a fit of road rage, 

Saccomandi drove alongside the victim and his family, tailgated them, 

gunned his engine, and came to abrupt, shuddering stops, all while 

threatening to kill them. This vile conduct led to the confrontation in the 

parking lot where Saccomandi fired his gun at the victim. Admittedly, the 

victim himself was not entirely blameless, because he followed Saccomandi’s 

vehicle into the parking lot and advanced towards the vehicle on foot with 

his teenage son. The fact remains however, that Saccomandi himself was 

not free from fault in provoking or continuing this incident. The evidence 

thus negates his claim of self-defense.

With respect to element (3), a duty to retreat exists “if the actor 

knows that he can avoid the necessity of using such force with complete 
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safety by retreating.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 505(b)(2)(ii).2 During the incident in the 

parking lot, Saccomandi was safely inside his vehicle and had an 

unobstructed path to the exit. There was no evidence that anyone other 

than Saccomandi was holding a weapon. Under these circumstances, 

Saccomandi could have driven away safely without firing his gun; he chose 

instead to fire his gun at the victim before driving away. Once again, this 

evidence negates his claim of self-defense. 

Saccomandi attempts to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence by 

citing to his own testimony and ignoring the Commonwealth’s evidence 

against him. In so doing, he ignores this Court’s duty to examine the 

evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, herein the 

Commonwealth. Viewed under this standard, the evidence is sufficient to 

establish Saccomandi’s guilt. 

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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2 There is no duty to retreat if the actor is in his dwelling or place of work, 

unless he was the initial aggressor or is assailed in his place of work by 

another person whose place of work the actor knows it to be. 18 Pa.C.S. § 

505(b)(2)(ii). None of these circumstances exist here.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 11/23/2016