{"id":578377,"date":"2023-12-12T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?p=578377"},"modified":"2023-12-12T13:46:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T18:46:48","slug":"new-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth\/new-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols\/","title":{"rendered":"New NASA Satellite To Unravel Mysteries About Clouds, Aerosols"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\"><div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\"><p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">5 min read<\/p><h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">New NASA Satellite To Unravel Mysteries About Clouds, Aerosols<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Some of the same properties of light and optics that make the sky blue and cause rainbows can also help scientists unlock mysteries about cloud formation and the effects of tiny particles in our air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA\u2019s upcoming PACE mission will offer important insights on airborne particles of sea salt, smoke, human-made pollutants, and dust \u2013 collectively called aerosols \u2013 by observing how they interact with light. With PACE data, scientists will provide better answers to key questions such as how aerosols affect cloud formation or how ice clouds and liquid clouds differ. Understanding the nature of airborne particles and clouds is crucial to deciphering how climate and air quality are changing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two instruments on NASA\u2019s upcoming PACE mission will look at aerosols and clouds \u2013 the A and C in the name of the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem satellite. After launch in early 2024, the PACE mission will scan the Earth and gather data on the chemical composition, movement, and interaction of aerosols and clouds through the use of two cutting-edge polarimeters \u2013 instruments that measure light properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"PACE's Instruments Reveal a New Dimension of Atmospheric Info\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MCDTt9lQ3Ho?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center<br>Download this video in HD formats from NASA Goddard\u2019s Scientific Visualization Studio:<a href=\"https:\/\/svs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/14454\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/svs.gsfc.nasa.gov\/14454\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>There are characteristics of light that we can see with our eyes, such as color. Other characteristics are invisible to the human eye, like what scientists call polarization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPolarization is something that we don\u2019t have an intuitive sense for because our eyes don\u2019t see it,\u201d said Kirk Knobelspiesse, polarimetry lead for the PACE mission at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u201cIf you saw the world through eyes that could see polarization, like our sensors can, you would see rainbows everywhere.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Light leaving the Sun moves in all different directions like a wave \u2013 this is called unpolarized light, said Brian Cairns, deputy project scientist for PACE. When it interacts with something like a cloud or an aerosol particle, however, light can oscillate more in one direction than the others: It is now polarized light. This quirk of light behavior can help scientists learn more about the characteristics and interactions of aerosols and water droplets in the sky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Polarimeters measure the angle at which the light is polarized, which reveals specific characteristics of whatever the light had bounced off of. With these instruments, scientists can piece together the size, composition, abundance, and other traits of the particles in the atmosphere. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"868\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"The image is bisected in horizontally in the middle. The top half is of the sky which is clear and is a bright blue color.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg 5920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=300,127 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=768,326 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=1024,434 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=1536,651 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=2048,868 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=400,170 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=600,254 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=900,382 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=1200,509 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?resize=2000,848 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">An example of a cloud bow, taken late on a winter afternoon in Santa Cruz, California. The cloud in this case was light coastal fog, so this could also be referred to as a fog bow. In the scene, the sun was positioned low in the sky directly behind the viewer so that backscattered light is observed. While this observation geometry is rare from the surface of the earth, it will be common for PACE\/HARP2.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Kirk Knobelspiesse<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The two polarimeters on PACE \u2013 HARP2 and SPEXone \u2013 make a great pair because of the complementary differences in what they measure. HARP2, built at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, will observe four wavelengths of light from up to 60 different angles. SPEXone, built at the Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) and Airbus Netherlands B.V., will peer down at a narrower swath, using five viewing angles but looking at light at hyperspectral resolution \u2013 the full range of colors in a rainbow. Together the polarimeters will offer a picture of Earth\u2019s atmosphere in unprecedented detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists have been observing aerosols from space for decades, though the community has not had polarimetry data for a decade, noted Otto Hasekamp, senior scientist at SRON. PACE will provide polarimeter data from multiple vantage points and, due to technological advancements in the instruments, the data will be of better quality than ever before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s exciting to see the culmination of working actively on instrument models and prototypes,\u201d said Jeroen Rietjens, instrument scientist at SRON, “then finally seeing it end up on a real satellite.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 32% 60%; object-position: 32% 60%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg 6192w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/gsfc-20230920-pace-028313.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Jeroen Rietjens in Goddard cleanroom with PACE. \u201cVery proud to be in the Goddard cleanroom and to pose with the fully assembled and tested PACE satellite, which hosts our small SPEXone instrument. The instrument is neatly wrapped in grey thermal blankets and still has the red radiator cover in place. It is surreal to realize that In a few months it will be staring at the Earth and collecting multi-angle spectro-polarimetric data that will enable scientists to infer the amount and type of aerosols in the Earth atmosphere and contribute to a better understanding of the effects of aerosols on climate,\u201d said Rietjens.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Denny Henry<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>After PACE is launched in early 2024, the satellite will scan Earth every two days, gathering immense quantities of data on the chemical composition, movement, and interaction of aerosols and clouds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe want to measure properties of aerosols because aerosols affect climate,\u201d said Hasekamp. They reflect light back into space and can also absorb it, which plays a role in how much of the Sun\u2019s energy reaches Earth\u2019s surface. Aerosols also affect cloud formation and properties, but the details of these relationships are not fully known to scientists. The data PACE collects will help to clarify some of these unknowns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new polarimetry data will also offer real-time insights on air pollution. \u201cPACE measurements will not only answer fundamental science questions, but will also improve people\u2019s quality of life,\u201d said Marcela Lor\u00eda-Salazar, assistant professor at the School of Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma and PACE early adopter. The <a href=\"https:\/\/pace.oceansciences.org\/app_adopters.htm\" rel=\"noopener\">PACE Early Adopters program<\/a> promotes the integration of PACE data into practical applications of science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lor\u00eda-Salazar is particularly interested in how aerosols change over time and with location, with an extra emphasis on the altitude of aerosols over the middle of the United States. There, PACE will allow scientists to identify aerosols, while also deciphering what they mean for air quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The measurements from PACE’s polarimeters will also help improve our understanding of Earth\u2019s climate. By adding PACE atmospheric data to models, scientists will be able to replace the estimates now used to fill data gaps in those models with data from current measurements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m hoping to help gather the data that will reduce model uncertainty and help us make better predictions for how we expect our climate to play out in the next decades and centuries,\u201d Knobelspiesse said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>By <\/strong><\/em><a href=\"mailto:erica.s.mcnamee@nasa.gov\"><em><strong>Erica McNamee<\/strong><\/em><\/a><strong><em><br><\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\"><em><strong>NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em><strong>, Greenbelt, Md.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&text=New%20NASA%20Satellite%20To%20Unravel%20Mysteries%20About%20Clouds%2C%20Aerosols&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fearth%2Fnew-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fearth%2Fnew-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fearth%2Fnew-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Dec 12, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\">Erica McNamee<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Contact<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-3\"><div>Erica McNamee<\/div><div><a href=\"mailto:erica.s.mcnamee@nasa.gov\">erica.s.mcnamee@nasa.gov<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-row\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Location<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/goddard\/\">Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/pace\" rel=\"noopener\">PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/nasa-is-helping-protect-tigers-jaguars-and-elephants-heres-how\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/photo-4-amur-tigers-credit-dale-miquelle.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Is Helping Protect Tigers, Jaguars, and Elephants. Here\u2019s How.<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">As human populations grow, habitat loss threatens many creatures. Mapping wildlife habitat using satellites is...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/stmd\/nasa-doubles-down-advances-six-innovative-tech-concepts-to-new-phase\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"92\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png 4053w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=300,92 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=768,236 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=1024,315 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=1536,473 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=2048,630 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=400,123 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=600,185 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=900,277 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=1200,369 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024-niac-ph-ii.png?resize=2000,615 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">3 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Doubles Down, Advances Six Innovative Tech Concepts to New Phase<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/xmm-newton\/x-ray-satellite-xmm-newton-sees-space-clover-in-a-new-light\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png 2311w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=768,769 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=1022,1024 1022w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=1533,1536 1533w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=2044,2048 2044w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=898,900 898w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=1198,1200 1198w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/hi-res-cloverleaf-500dpi-crop.png?resize=1997,2000 1997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">X-ray Satellite XMM-Newton Sees \u2018Space Clover’ in a New Light<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some of the same properties of light and optics that make the sky blue and cause rainbows can also help scientists unlock mysteries about cloud formation and the effects of tiny particles in our air. NASA\u2019s upcoming PACE mission will offer important insights on airborne particles of sea salt, smoke, human-made pollutants, and dust \u2013 [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":332,"featured_media":578400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"332","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":["332"],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":["283568"],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3228,2857,10721],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[11481],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"New NASA Satellite To Unravel Mysteries About Clouds, Aerosols","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth\/new-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth\/new-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg"},"articleSection":"Earth","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Erica McNamee"}],"creator":["Erica McNamee"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Missions","PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem)","Earth","Goddard Space Flight Center"],"dateCreated":"2023-12-12T19:00:00Z","datePublished":"2023-12-12T19:00:00Z","dateModified":"2023-12-12T19:00:00Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"New NASA Satellite To Unravel Mysteries About Clouds, Aerosols\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/earth\/new-nasa-satellite-to-unravel-mysteries-about-clouds-aerosols\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2023-12-12T19:00:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Earth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Missions,PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem),Earth,Goddard Space Flight Center\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Erica McNamee\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":5,"time_ago":"5 months","featured_image":{"id":578400,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/kirk-fogbow.jpg","title":"kirk-fogbow","alt":"The image is bisected in horizontally in the middle. The top half is of the sky which is clear and is a bright blue color. The bottom half is of the ocean coast. To the left of the bottom half there is some land and trees, while the right is of small breaking waves and some fog over the surface of the ocean. Centered in the image is a halo like light source, which extends from both sides of the image and from the ocean up to the sky. This is a fogbow and it is very faint and wispy.","caption":"An example of a cloud bow, taken late on a winter afternoon in Santa Cruz, California. The cloud in this case was light coastal fog, so this could also be referred to as a fog bow. In the scene, the sun was positioned low in the sky directly behind the viewer so that backscattered light is observed. While this observation geometry is rare from the surface of the earth, it will be common for PACE\/HARP2."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578377"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/332"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=578377"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":579114,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578377\/revisions\/579114"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/578400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=578377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=578377"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=578377"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=578377"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=578377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}