#### Western Bank of Scotland vs. Tallman and others.

May 15.

application under section 8, chapter 128, R. S. 1858, for a change of venue in a aotion 011 account of the prejudice of the judge before whom the action is pending, must be verified by the oath or affirmation of a “party ” to the action, and cannot be verified by his attorney.

Where the applicant is a corporation, the verification may be made by such agents or officers as are authorized by the general provisions of law to verify such statements of corporations as are required to be under oath.

By the “prejudice of the judge ” for which a change of venue is allowed under that section, the statute refers to aprejudice for or against one of the parties, and not to the fact that the judge has formed an opinion upon the legal questions in the case. — Per Paine, J.

Where such an application is sufficient under the statute, it is the imperative duty of xhe circuit court to change the venue; otherwise not.

An order refusing to change the venue upon such an application, is appealable.

APPEAL from the Circuit Court for *Bock*County.

The case is stated in the opinion of the court.

*J. Neil,*for appellant.

*J. A. Sleeper,*for respondents.

*By the Cow't,*

Paine, J.

This action was brought to foreclose a farm mortgage. Several orders were made by the circuit court in pursuance of the act of 1861 relating to the foreclosure of these securities, which act this court has since decided to be unconstitutional. Among others was the order from which this appeal is taken, refusing to change the venue upon an application by the plaintiff based upon the alleged prejudice of the judge.

It is claimed by the respondents’ counsel that the order was not appealable. But we clearly think it is, upon the ground stated in the opinion of Justice Cole in the case of *Oatman v. Bond.*

It might also be said, perhaps, to “ determine the action ” &c., within the first clause of section 10, chapter 264, Laws of 1860; because an application for a change of venue, properly made, divests the court of any authority to proceed with the case. *Baldwin v. Marygold,*2 Wis., 419; *Rines v. Boyd, 7*id., 155. Having, therefore, no authority to proceed, if it refuses to change the venue, the action would seem to be determined, unless there is an appeal from such an order. *93The act of 1861, chap. 88, sec. 8, provided positively that these actions should be tried in the county where the gaged premises, or a part thereof, were situated, subject only to the right of a change of venue on the application of the party contesting the validity of the instrument. But that act, being void, can furnish no support for this order, but it is left to be determined by the general law regulating the change of venue. If the application was sufficient under the statute, it was the imperative duty of the circuit, court to change the venue; otherwise not; The statute provides, that the “ party ” shall verify the application by his oath or affidavit, &c. Secfibh 8, chap. 120, B. S., 1858. In this case the application was verified by the affidavit of the attorney of the plaintiff, which is a foreign corporation, and the question is, whether .that is sufficient. We h ave no doubt that a corporation may avail itself of the right to procure a change of venue on account of the prejudice of the judge. It is as clearly within the object of the statute as any other party, and the word “ party ” includes corporations as well as others. But the statute says the application must be verified by the oath or affidavit of the party, and although the corporation can make no affidavit, and although there is no particular provision upon this subject as to what officers may make this affidavit or oath, yet the intention undoubtedly was that it might be made by such officers or agents as were authorized, by the general provisions of law, to verify such pleadings or statements of corporations as were .required to be under oath. In looking at other provisions, it is found that this right of verification is ordinarily confined to the officers of the corporation. Thus where a corporation is summoned as garnishee, the answer on oath is to be by some officer or the managing agent. R. S., 1858, chap. 130, sec. 46; chap. 148, sec. 1. Undoubtedly a pleading might be verified by an attorney of a corporation, upon the same state of facts which would allow such a verification by the attorney of an individual. But the law specially prescribes when this may be done; and unless such a state of facts exists as would justify a verification of a pleading by an attorney of any other party, a verification by a mere attorney of a cor*94P0ra^011 woulcl be insufficient, and it should be made by officer thereof. R. S., 1858, chap. 125, sec. 19. Bat the law, while prescribing that upon certain facts, a pleading maI ver^e(^ by an ordinary agent or attorney, has made no such provision in respect to an application to change the venue on account of the prejudice of the judge. It says that must be verified by the oath or affidavit of the party. If, therefore, we would say that an attorney could not verify such an application for an individual who was a party, I think we must say the same in respect to an application by a corporation. When the party himself is required to verify, the law has, in the case of corporations, provided that the officers must do it. And I do not think the courts can, in the case of either an individual or a corporation, say that the affidavit of the attorney is sufficient, where the law says it must be the affidavit of the party.

It may be said that it would be inconvenient in a case like this, where the party is a corporation in Scotland, to procure the affidavit of its officers. That may be so, but it would be equally inconvenient to procure the affidavit of an individual residing there. And if an attorney should be allowed to verify in either case on the ground of convenience, he should in both. But the court has no power to extend the statute, or to supply defects, if such an inconvenience is to be regarded.

It may also be said that the officers of the corporation may not have sufficient knowledge of the facts to enable them to make the Decessary oath. If that is so, I think for one that it was not the intention of the statute that the venue should be changed in such cases. If the fact that the corporation is located in Europe renders it improbable that its officers know of any prejudice on the part of a j udge in Wisconsin, it renders it equally improbable that any such prejudice existed so far as the party was concerned. And it seems to me that the statute refers to prejudice either for or against the parties, and that it was not the design to allow a change of venue on an affidavit that the judge was prejudiced, which affidavit was based merely upon a knowledge of at*95torneys that the judge had formed an opinion upon the legal questions involved in the case.

Whether this application was based upon such a supposed prejudice or not, does not appear; but if it was, I think it was not" within the intention of the statute.

For the reason, therefore, that the application did not comply with the statute, I think the order should be affirmed, with costs.