{"id":307818,"date":"2016-11-14T13:05:00","date_gmt":"2016-11-14T18:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-393077"},"modified":"2023-09-08T17:03:52","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T21:03:52","slug":"gemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks\/","title":{"rendered":"Gemini XII Crew Masters the Challenges of Spacewalks"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header\">\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-3 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">10 Min Read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGemini XII Crew Masters the Challenges of Spacewalks\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"985\" height=\"979\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?w=985\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"Selfie of Buzz Aldrin during his EVA. The Earth can be seen in the background.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 49% 37%; object-position: 49% 37%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg 985w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=300,298 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=768,763 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=400,398 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=600,596 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/gemini_xii_18_eva_1_aldrin_selfie_nov_12_1966_s66-62926.jpg?resize=900,895 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile desktop:padding-x-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><figcaption>Aldrin pointed the camera at himself to take the first selfie during a spacewalk.<\/figcaption><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Credits: <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>NASA\/Aldrin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the 20 months following the first piloted Gemini mission, NASA astronauts demonstrated the ability to change orbits, perform rendezvous and docking, along with spending up to two weeks in space. Spacewalking, on the other hand, remained an enigma. With only one more Gemini flight on the schedule, solving the problems of working outside a spacecraft would be the primary goal for Gemini XII.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As was the case on the previous four missions, the Gemini XII flight plan called for rendezvous and docking with a target vehicle. But, according to Dr. George Mueller, NASA\u2019s associate administrator for Manned Spaceflight, mastering what NASA called an extravehicular activity (EVA) or spacewalk would be crucial in proving the agency was ready to move ahead with Apollo and achieving the goal of landing a man on the moon before the end of the decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI feel that we must devote the last EVA period in the Gemini Program to a basic investigation of EVA fundamentals,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To take on the challenges of this crucial flight, NASA assigned a veteran of the longest spaceflight to date and the astronaut who helped \u201cwrite the book\u201d on orbital rendezvous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The command pilot was Jim Lovell who served on the 14-day Gemini VII mission in December 1965. A Naval aviator, he went on to be a member of the Apollo 8 crew, the first mission to orbit astronauts around the moon in 1968. As commander of Apollo 13 in 1970, Lovell became the first person to travel in space four times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Flying with Lovell was U.S. Air Force pilot, Buzz Aldrin, the first astronaut to have earned a doctorate. In 1963, he was awarded a doctorate in astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His graduate thesis was \u201cLine-of-sight guidance techniques for manned orbital rendezvous.\u201d Aldrin went on to serve as lunar module pilot on Apollo 11 in 1969, during which he and Neil Armstrong become the first humans to walk on the moon.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1943\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?w=1943\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Gemini XII Crew\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg 2374w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=285,300 285w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=768,809 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=972,1024 972w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=1457,1536 1457w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=1943,2048 1943w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=380,400 380w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=569,600 569w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=854,900 854w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=1139,1200 1139w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?resize=1898,2000 1898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1943px) 100vw, 1943px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Gemini XII pilot Buzz Aldrin, left, and command pilot Jim Lovell stand in a Gemini mockup during training at NASA’s Manned Spacecraft Center (now Johnson Space Center) in Houston.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>To make lunar EVAs possible, spacewalking during Gemini flights was a crucial learning experience in Gemini. Ed White\u2019s spacewalk on Gemini IV made it look easy. But the experiences of Gene Cernan, Mike Collins and Dick Gordon on three later missions demonstrated a new approach was needed for both training and performing spacewalks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through Gemini XI, EVA training focused on use of the KC-135 aircraft flying parabolas. During the dives, astronauts experienced up to 30 seconds of weightlessness. But this was followed by the aircraft climbing and the astronauts having a period of rest. Consequently, spacewalkers in training were not facing the types of continued strenuous work and fatigue experienced by Cernan, Collins and Gordon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Robert Gilruth, director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (now Johnson Space Center) in Houston, ordered a new approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI have given a great deal of thought recently to the subject of how best to simulate and train for extravehicular activities,\u201d Gilruth said in memo to Deke Slayton, director of Flight Crew Operations. \u201cBoth zero \u2018<em>g<\/em>\u2019 trajectories in the KC-135 and underwater simulations should have a definite place in our training programs.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The alternate approach uses a large pool of water for \u201cneutral buoyancy.\u201d In this method special weights are added to the astronaut\u2019s spacesuit creating buoyancy to offset gravity so the astronaut neither rises nor sinks.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1453\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Underwater spacewalk training\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg 3864w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=768,545 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=1024,727 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=1536,1090 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=2048,1453 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=400,284 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=600,426 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=900,639 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=1200,852 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3-s66-54934b.jpg?resize=2000,1419 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">On Oct. 29, 1966, Gemini XII astronaut Buzz Aldrin practices installing a telescoping handrail between a mockup of a Gemini spacecraft docked to an Agena. The spacewalk training took place in a large pool at Environmental Research Associates facility in Randallstown, Maryland near Baltimore. Additional hand holds and the underwater training were keys to adequately preparing for the challenges of spacewalks.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Aldrin spent several sessions of more than two hours each working with a Gemini mockup in the pool at the Environmental Research Associates facility near Baltimore, Maryland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach became so successful, underwater training has become the primary spacewalk training method used by the United State, Russia and China. Today, NASA\u2019s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory in Houston is large enough to include mockups of major sections of the International Space Station. As such, it is the largest indoor body of water in the world, with 6.2 million gallons of water.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1638\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Arrival at Launch Complex 19\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=2048,1638 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4-ksc-66c-9220b.jpg?resize=2000,1600 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">At Cape Kennedy (now Cape Canaveral) Air Force Station, the crew for Gemini XII arrive at Launch Complex 19. Command pilot Jim Lovell is followed by pilot Buzz Aldrin. The signs on their backs note that this mission is the final flight of the Gemini Program.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>With the additional training behind them, Lovell and Aldrin lifted off aboard their Gemini XII spacecraft atop a Titan II rocket on Nov. 11, 1966. They followed one hour, 39 minutes after their Agena was placed in orbit by an Atlas launch vehicle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first order of business was rendezvous with the Agena. Things were going well when Lovell confirmed they spotted their target 98 miles away. But minutes later there was trouble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe seem to<em> <\/em>have lost our radar lock-on at about 74 miles,\u201d Aldrin said. \u201cWe don\u2019t seem to be able to get anything through the computer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin pulled out a sextant and his slide rule and put his MIT doctoral research to work. With the sextant, Aldrin measured the angle between the horizon and the Agena. Aldrin confirmed the information with his rendezvous chart, then calculated corrections with the spacecraft\u2019s computer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHow are you doing up there?\u201d asked fellow astronaut Pete Conrad during the third orbit. He was serving as capsule communicator, known as capcom, in Mission Control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re taking pictures of the beautiful Agena here,\u201d Lovell said as Gemini XII closed in on its target.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1296\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Gemini XII\u2019s Agena target docking vehicle\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=300,190 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=768,486 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=1024,648 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=1536,972 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=2048,1296 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=400,253 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=600,380 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=900,569 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=1200,759 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/5-s66-62755-a.jpg?resize=2000,1265 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">\u201cWe’re taking pictures of the beautiful Agena here,\u201d said command pilot Jim Lovell as Gemini XII closed to within 50 feet of its Agena target vehicle after liftoff on Nov. 11, 1966.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re giving you a GO for docking,\u201d Conrad said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe are docked,\u201d Lovell reported four minutes later as the combined spacecraft orbited south of Japan in range of the tracking ship Coastal Sentry Quebec.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1459\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Gemini XII moves in to dock with Agena\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg 2631w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=300,214 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=768,547 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=1024,729 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=1536,1094 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=2048,1459 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=400,285 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=600,427 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=900,641 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=1200,855 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/6-gemini-12_agena-4.jpg?resize=2000,1425 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Gemini XII command pilot Jim Lovell maneuvers his spacecraft into position to dock with the Agena target vehicle.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Buzz Aldrin<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>During flight day two, Aldrin began practicing some of the new processes for spacewalks. This would be a two-hour, 18 minute EVA limited to standing in the hatch to familiarize himself with the environment, as well as conducting Earth and ultraviolet astronomical photography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe hatch is coming open,\u201d he said. \u201cMan, look at that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin expressed amazement seeing so much of Earth and the universe once outside the confines of the spacecraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of his first jobs was to install a handrail between his hatch and the docking collar of the Agena. This would aid his movements during a full spacewalk the next day. As Aldrin took pictures of landmarks on Earth, he offered the usual photographer\u2019s \u201csuggestion.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1398\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Handrail installation\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg 6364w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=300,205 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=768,524 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=1024,699 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=1536,1049 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=2048,1398 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=400,273 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=600,410 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=900,614 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=1200,819 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/8-s66-63536-c.jpg?resize=2000,1365 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Buzz Aldrin installs a handrail between the Gemini and Agena spacecraft during his first stand-up spacewalk. This was something he had practiced in underwater training. Gemini XII is docked to the Agena in the background.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cO<\/em>kay, tell everybody down there to smile,\u201d he said to capcom Conrad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Having set up a camera on the edge of his hatch, Aldrin pointed the camera in his direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNow let me raise my visor and I\u2019ll smile,\u201d he said taking what Aldrin now describes as \u201cthe first space selfie.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the space stand-up EVA completed, the next day came the crucial test of a new approach to spacewalking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m free now and the only thing that\u2019s holding me is the one hand on the handrail,\u201d Aldrin said as he used the aid he installed the day before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to revised preflight training techniques, more handrails and handholds were added along with a waist tether giving the spacewalker the ability to turn wrenches and retrieve experiment packages without undue effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin\u2019s approach was to go about his work slowly and deliberately. He would work for a while then rest, even if a reminder was needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNow do you know what you\u2019re going to do?\u201d Lovell asked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cGo ahead, clue me in,\u201d Aldrin said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cYou\u2019ll get a rest for two minutes,\u201d Lovell said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin then attached a tether from the Agena for the gravity-gradient experiment. With the handholds, he did not experience the problems Gordon encountered on the previous flight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, Aldrin moved to the spacecraft\u2019s aft adapter where he placed his feet in overshoe restraints and attached waist tethers. With these supports in place, he was able to fasten rings and hooks, connect and disconnect electrical and fluid connections, tighten bolts and cut cables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\u2019ve got the cutters,\u201d Aldrin said. \u201cThey\u2019re cutting the strap seam quite nicely.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin again went forward to a box attached to the Agena. Lovell photographed him as he pulled electrical connectors apart and put them together again, then tried out a torque wrench designed for the Apollo program.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1736\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\u201cThe first space selfie\u201d\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg 2623w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=300,254 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=768,651 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=1024,868 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=1536,1302 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=2048,1736 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=400,339 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=600,509 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=900,763 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=1200,1017 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/9-s66-62926b.jpg?resize=2000,1695 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">During his first stand-up spacewalk on Nov. 12, 1966, Buzz Aldrin photographed landmarks on Earth. While doing so, he set his camera on the edge of the hatch, pointing it in his direction. He then took what he now describes as \u201cthe first space selfie.\u201d<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Buzz Aldrin<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>With all his work successfully competed and with no fatigue, Aldrin returned to his Gemini seat after two hours, nine minutes outside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The riddle of spacewalking was solved.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1638\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Buzz Aldrin works at a box on the Agena\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg 8304w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=1536,1228 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=2048,1638 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/10-s66-62782_g12-m_fa.jpg?resize=2000,1599 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">During a spacewalk on Nov. 13, 1966, Gemini XII pilot Buzz Aldrin works at a box attached to Agena. He pulled electrical connectors apart and put them together again, then tried out a torque wrench designed for the Apollo Program. With all his work successfully completed and with no fatigue, Aldrin return to his Gemini seat after two hours, nine minutes outside, experiencing none of the problems that had plagued the previous three Gemini missions.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA\/Jim Lovell<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The next task for Gemini XII was to undock from the Agena and maneuver their craft to keep taut the tether attached by Aldrin during his spacewalk. By firing their thrusters to slowly rotate the combined spacecraft, they, like Gemini XI, were able to use centrifugal force to generate a small amount of gravity during the four hour, 20 minute exercise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aldrin\u2019s third time outside Gemini XII and his second stand-up on the seat spacewalk, was on the fourth flight day. He took numerous ultraviolet photographs of stars and constellations during one hour, 11 minutes outside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the mission, NASA\u2019s \u201cSummary of Gemini Extravehicular Activity\u201d noted that Gemini XII\u2019s spacewalks demonstrated all the tasks attempted were feasible when body restraints were used to maintain position. But, \u201cthe most significant result was that underwater simulation duplicated the actual extravehicular actions and reactions with a high degree of fidelity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1047\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Orbiting above the Gulf of California and Baja California\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg 2702w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=300,153 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=768,393 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=1024,524 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=1536,786 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=2048,1047 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=400,205 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=600,307 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=900,460 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=1200,614 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/11-s66-63518_g12-s_e.jpg?resize=2000,1023 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">While orbiting above the Gulf of California and Baja California, a 100-foot tether connects the Agena with the Gemini XII spacecraft. While firing their side thrusters to slowly rotate the combined spacecraft, Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin used centrifugal force to generate a small amount of artificial gravity.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Another repeat of a test on Gemini XI was a computer controlled re-entry on Nov. 15, 1966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cGemini XII, Houston,\u201d capcom Conrad said. \u201cOur data shows you right on the money.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In fact, Lovell and Aldrin splashed down just three miles from their target, near the recovery aircraft carrier USS Wasp sailing 600 miles east of Cape Kennedy.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/image-article\/november-15-1966-gemini-xii-crew-returns-earth\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"861\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg?w=1041\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Astronauts welcomed aboard the USS Wasp\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg?resize=300,248 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg?resize=768,635 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg?resize=1024,847 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg?resize=400,331 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg?resize=600,496 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/12-gemini_12_recovery-23jpg.jpg?resize=900,744 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Following the Gemini XII splashdown on Nov. 15, 1966, astronauts Buzz Aldrin, left, and Jim Lovell are welcomed aboard the recovery aircraft carrier, USS Wasp, concluding their four-day mission.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The next day, Lovell and Aldrin were flown from the USS Wasp to the Cape\u2019s skid strip where they were welcomed by Kennedy\u2019s center director, Dr. Kurt Debus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe feel everyone here did an outstanding job in getting us into space,\u201d Lovell said to those in attendance. \u201cIt takes a lot of people to fulfill a program. It\u2019s the untiring efforts of thousands who got us up to there and back.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini Program Manager Walt Williams looked ahead to Apollo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt is now time to go on,\u201d he said. \u201cWe will be able to go on with confidence because there was this program and it was called Gemini.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>President Lyndon B. Johnson also had high praise for those who made the Gemini Program possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cToday\u2019s flight was the culmination of a great team effort, stretching back to 1961,\u201d he said. \u201dIt directly involved more than 25,000 people in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Defense, other government agencies, universities, other research centers and in American industry.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The President then looked forward to Apollo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe months ahead will not be easy, as we reach toward the moon,\u201d he said, \u201dbut with Gemini as the forerunner, I am confident that we will overcome the difficulties and achieve another success.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>By <em>Bob Granath<\/em><br><em>NASA\u2019s Kennedy Space Center, Florida<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>EDITOR\u2019S NOTE: This is the final article in a series of features marking the 50th anniversary of Project Gemini. The program was designed as a steppingstone toward landing on the moon. The investment also provided technology now used in NASA\u2019s work aboard the International Space Station and planning for the Journey to Mars. For more, see \u201c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/sp-4203.pdf?emrc=16dfd1\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"214547\"><em>On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini<\/em><\/a><em>.\u201d If you missed any of the features in this series, click on any of the links below.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"258727\"><strong>Gemini III: <\/strong>Gemini Pioneered the Technology Driving Today\u2019s Exploration<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/gemini-iv-learning-to-walk-in-space\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"258870\"><strong>Gemini IV:<\/strong> Learning to Walk in Space<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-v\/gemini-v-paving-the-way-for-long-duration-spaceflight\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"307815\"><strong>Gemini V:<\/strong> Paving the Way for Long Duration Spaceflight<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/dual-gemini-flights-achieved-crucial-spaceflight-milestones\/\"><strong>Gemini VII <\/strong>&<strong> Gemini VI: <\/strong>Dual Gemini Flights Achieved Crucial Spaceflight Milestones<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-viii\/geminis-first-docking-turns-to-wild-ride-in-orbit\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"307819\"><strong>Gemini VIII: <\/strong>Gemini\u2019s First Docking Turns to Wild Ride in Orbit<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-ix\/gemini-ix-crew-found-angry-alligator-in-earth-orbit\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"307814\"><strong>Gemini IX<\/strong> Crew Found \u2018Angry Alligator\u2019 in Earth Orbit<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-x\/gemini-x-set-records-for-rendezvous-altitude-above-earth\/\"><strong>Gemini X <\/strong>Set Records for Rendezvous, Altitude Above Earth<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-xi\/demanding-gemini-xi-mission-flies-on-top-of-the-world\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"307798\"><strong>Gemini XI: <\/strong>Demanding Mission Flies on Top of the World<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"307818\"><strong>Gemini XII: <\/strong>Crew Masters the Challenges of Spacewalks<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&text=Gemini%20XII%20Crew%20Masters%20the%20Challenges%20of%20Spacewalks&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fgemini%2Fgemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fgemini%2Fgemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fgemini%2Fgemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-rss\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/feed\/\" aria-label=\"Subscribe to RSS feed.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 800 800\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Sep 08, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/\">Gemini<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-edwin-buzz-aldrin\/\">Buzz Aldrin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/gemini-xii\/\">Gemini XII<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/former-astronaut-james-a-lovell\/\">James A. Lovell Jr.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/apollo\/the-hard-won-triumph-of-the-apollo-13-mission-45-years-later\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg 3592w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=300,211 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=768,541 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=1024,721 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=1536,1081 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=2048,1441 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=400,282 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=600,422 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=900,633 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=1200,845 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/apollo-13-anniv-crew.jpg?resize=2000,1408 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">The Hard-won Triumph of the Apollo 13 Mission – 45 Years Later<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 year ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/apollo\/apollo-17\/remembering-gene-cernan\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1920&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=150&h=150&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=300&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=768&h=768&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1024&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=50&h=50&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=100&h=100&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=200&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=400&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=600&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=900&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-147-22526\/as17-147-22526~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">5 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Remembering Gene Cernan<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 year ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-pioneered-the-technology-driving-todays-exploration\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=300,242 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=768,620 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=1024,827 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=400,323 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=600,485 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gemini_3.jpg?resize=900,727 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">7 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Gemini Pioneered the Technology Driving Today’s Exploration<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 year ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the 20 months following the first piloted Gemini mission, NASA astronauts demonstrated the ability to change orbits, perform rendezvous and docking, along with spending up to two weeks in space. Spacewalking, on the other hand, remained an enigma. With only one more Gemini flight on the schedule, solving the problems of working outside a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":311282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2716,3441,2953,3619],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[11560],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Gemini XII Crew Masters the Challenges of Spacewalks","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg"},"articleSection":"Missions","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Bob Granath"}],"creator":["Bob Granath"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Humans in Space","Astronauts","Former Astronauts","James A. Lovell Jr.","Gemini","Buzz Aldrin","Gemini XII"],"dateCreated":"2016-11-14T18:05:00Z","datePublished":"2016-11-14T18:05:00Z","dateModified":"2023-09-08T21:03:52Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Gemini XII Crew Masters the Challenges of Spacewalks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/gemini\/gemini-xii-crew-masters-the-challenges-of-spacewalks\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2016-11-14T18:05:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Missions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Humans in Space,Astronauts,Former Astronauts,James A. Lovell Jr.,Gemini,Buzz Aldrin,Gemini XII\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Bob Granath\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":10,"time_ago":"8 years","featured_image":{"id":311282,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2-s66-46952-a.jpg","title":"2-s66-46952-a","alt":"Gemini XII Crew","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307818"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=307818"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":504964,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307818\/revisions\/504964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/311282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=307818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=307818"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=307818"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=307818"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=307818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}