{"id":38218,"date":"2021-11-23T19:19:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-24T00:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-474200"},"modified":"2023-08-02T11:56:38","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T15:56:38","slug":"what-is-the-airspace-technology-demonstration-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/what-is-the-airspace-technology-demonstration-2\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the Airspace Technology Demonstration 2?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro\"><div class=\"width-full maxw-full article-header\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full\"><p class=\"label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0\">7 min read<\/p><h1 class=\"display-48 margin-bottom-2\">What is the Airspace Technology Demonstration 2?<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?w=1920\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Airplanes at the airport terminal parked on the tarmac.\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Starting in 2017, NASA\u2019s Airspace Technology Demonstration 2, or ATD-2, tools to more efficiently manage departing air traffic were tested at the Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina, shown here. This image comes from a 2017 NASA video about the ATD-2 project.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><i>NASA technology helps air travelers get smoothly from gate to sky.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After more than a year of pandemic-related travel restrictions, many people excitedly boarded planes to take them on long-awaited vacations. Plenty then sighed and settled in for a long wait: their takeoff was delayed, and they\u2019d be sitting on the tarmac a while. Commercial air travel relies on intricate operations at the airport, and, with so many variables in play, inefficiencies can easily crop up. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s something NASA\u2019s Airspace Technology Demonstration 2, or ATD-2, project aimed to change. One of a trio of projects tackling challenges faced in air traffic management, ATD-2 developed technologies that predict airport traffic conditions and determine the best time for departing flights to push back from the gate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This both reduces delays and shifts wait time to the gate, instead of on the taxiway with engines running. The ultimate goal is to get travelers from gate to runway to the sky with minimal delay. And the benefits \u2013 for schedules, passengers, airlines, and the environment \u2013 are already adding up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optimizing the Flow of Flights<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1069\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Graphic depicting how an airplane enters into the stream, improving scheduling and efficiency.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png 2553w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=300,157 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=768,401 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=1024,535 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=1536,802 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=2048,1069 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=400,209 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=600,313 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=900,470 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=1200,627 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/optimizing-operational-efficiency-graphic_0.png?resize=2000,1044 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The concept behind ATD-2 is to streamline scheduling on the ground so that an airplane can take off at the exact time to make its slot in the overhead stream.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Most of us take for granted everything that goes into running a functional airport. But a great deal of information on arrivals, departures, surface traffic, delays, sudden changes in weather, and more must be tracked, communicated, and adjusted for by different groups of people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The current system handles all this using a simple physical queue: when a plane is ready for departure, it gets in line and waits to use the runway. But, when unexpected problems arise, this queue can quickly back up, affecting both departures and arrivals. To protect against those consequences, air traffic managers may add more buffer time to flight schedules \u2013 an additional inefficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By making the movements of aircraft from surface to sky more predictable, NASA researchers aimed to help reduce that buffer, and optimize the flow of flights through airports. The ATD-2 tools help get planes queued up in the best way to take their designated spot in the air traffic overhead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">More Communication, More Efficient Flights<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At the heart of ATD-2\u2019s approach is integrating numerous inputs of data from the Federal Aviation Administration and airlines and transforming that data so it\u2019s easily shared across the various systems at work. The system is at work during parts of a flight controlled by the FAA and those where the airlines are in charge, on the ground. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A key realization underlying ATD-2 is that traffic congestion on the airport surface can\u2019t be solved in isolation. You also have to account for the traffic operating in the surrounding airspace. Instead of having separate systems for arrivals, departures, and surface traffic, ATD-2 created one system to manage all these phases of flight. The software is called Integrated Arrival\/Departure\/Surface Traffic Management, or IADS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rather than having planes line up in a physical queue as soon as they\u2019re ready to leave, the IADS scheduler creates a virtual queue, like a restaurant reservation system. That way, wait time can be spent at the gate with the engines off and the door open rather than on the ramp or taxiway burning fuel. The result is a more efficient and environmentally friendly operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By integrating data from previously independent systems, the ATD-2 IADS system provides operators in different facilities with a shared understanding of the airport traffic situation. ATD-2\u2019s tools also include apps that users consult to know which aircraft should be in position, and when, for the whole process to work most efficiently. Everyone involved can see the different factors in play and the common goal to work towards. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"959\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png?w=959\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"A black and white graphic listing numbers for benefit totals from the ATD-2 field demonstration\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png 959w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png?resize=300,170 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png?resize=768,434 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png?resize=400,226 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png?resize=600,339 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/atd-2_graphic.png?resize=900,509 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 959px) 100vw, 959px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">By September 2021, the IADS tools had saved more than one million gallons of jet fuel. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions avoided was equivalent to planting more than 172,000 trees in an urban environment. Those savings were made possible by reducing jet engine run time, which also decreases maintenance costs. Overall, passengers were spared 933 hours in flight delays and saved an estimated almost $4.5 million in value of time. Airlines also saved an estimated nearly $1.4\u00a0million in flight crew costs.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">One Million Gallons Saved<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The ATD-2 team first put their air traffic scheduling technology to the test with real-world users in September 2017 at Charlotte-Douglas International Airport in North Carolina. With partners from the FAA, commercial airlines, and the air traffic controllers\u2019 union, they were able to show how improvements from ATD-2\u2019s approach can drastically cut down delays and reduce emissions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By September 2021, the IADS tools had saved more than one million gallons of jet fuel. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions avoided was equivalent to planting more than 172,000 trees in an urban environment. Those savings were made possible by reducing jet engine run time, which also decreases maintenance costs. Overall, passengers were spared 933 hours in flight delays and saved an estimated almost $4.5 million in value of time. Airlines also saved an estimated nearly $1.4 million in flight crew costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And that\u2019s only at one airport. The benefits will be sky high when the ATD-2 tools are one day put into action at airports around the nation. With the end of the project in September 2021, NASA passed its research results and technology developed to the FAA and industry partners. The FAA\u2019s Terminal Flight Data Manager program, or TFDM, will roll out IADS capabilities \u2013 made possible by NASA\u2019s pathfinding work \u2013 to 27 major airports in the coming years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Milestones:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ATD-2 included two separate field demonstrations of the Integrated Arrival Departure Surface, or IADS, system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>A single-airport demonstration at Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina <em>(Sep. 2017-Sep. 2020)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA developed core components of the IADS system and used them to validate concepts developed by the FAA and industry. In addition to the technology that was transferred by NASA, lessons were learned from the demonstration that reduced risk for the FAA\u2019s implementation of the ATD-2 capabilities and established the business case for required industry investments. Although NASA\u2019s single-airport research ended in September 2020, the FAA continues to support ATD-2 operational use at Charlotte to facilitate transition to TFDM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>A multi-airport demonstration at Dallas\/Ft. Worth International and nearby Dallas Love Field airports in Texas <em>(April-Sep. 2021)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The team extended the single-airport tools to improve the efficiency of surface operations at neighboring airports, where departing flights compete for limited airspace resources. Using IADS\u2019 surface traffic predictions, NASA\u2019s terminal scheduler tool assessed demand to use the airspace versus its capacity and provided recommendations for efficient rerouting of flights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Partners:<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"Researchers Al Capps (seated) and Paul Borchers demonstrate ATD-2 tools.\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg 4288w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=300,199 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=768,510 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=1024,680 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=1536,1020 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=2048,1360 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=900,598 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=1200,797 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/dsc_0007.jpg?resize=2000,1328 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">At NASA\u2019s air traffic management laboratory near the Dallas\/Ft. Worth International Airport in Texas, researchers Al Capps (seated) and Paul Borchers demonstrate Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 tools that air traffic managers had successfully tested since 2017 at the Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina to more efficiently direct departing traffic.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">NASA \/ Jim Banke<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 was run out of the Aviation Systems Division at NASA\u2019s Ames Research Center in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, in collaboration with the Federal Aviation Administration. The project was managed by NASA\u2019s Airspace Operations and Safety Program. American Airlines, Southwest Airlines, the National Air Traffic Controllers Association, Charlotte Douglas International Airport, Dallas\/Ft. Worth International Airport and Dallas Love Field Airport all partnered with NASA in the field demonstrations.<br>\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Learn more:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/nasa-testing-saves-airlines-one-million-gallons-of-jet-fuel\">NASA Testing Saves Airlines One Million Gallons of Jet Fuel<\/a> (NASA story, May 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/nasa-showcases-benefits-of-air-traffic-management-tools\">NASA Showcases Benefits of Air Traffic Management Tools<\/a> (NASA story, Oct. 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UMseKPtylfo\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Field Demo to Reduce Ground Delays Begins<\/a> (NASA video, Nov. 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aero\/nasa-air-traffic-management-demo-goes-live\">NASA Air Traffic Management Demonstration Goes Live in Charlotte<\/a> (NASA story, Nov. 2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><b>For researchers:<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiD-oqKxZjzAhUmEVkFHXxBCI0QFnoECAMQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Faviationsystems.arc.nasa.gov%2Fpublications%2Fatd2%2Ftech-transfers%2F1_High-Level_and_Project_Documents%2F1.1-06%2520ATD2_TDD_TM-2019-220355.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2k6iK67fD-UD2hJBUdNnyp\" rel=\"noopener\">ATD-2 Technology Description<\/a> (PDF, Sep. 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aviationsystems.arc.nasa.gov\/research\/atd2\/index.shtml\" rel=\"noopener\">Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) main page<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj_g-KRz_DyAhXOMlkFHVBbDQAQFnoECAIQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Faviationsystems.arc.nasa.gov%2Fresearch%2Fatd2%2FATD2_FS-2019-04-03-ARC_Final.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1YcwxbSVgkNw_JTUXMkV7S\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA fact sheet: Airspace Technology Demonstration 2<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aviationsystems.arc.nasa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Ames Aviation Systems Division main page<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/aosp\/atd\">Airspace Technology Demonstrations main page<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeroresearch\/programs\/aosp\">Airspace Operations and Safety Program<\/a><b> <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><b>For news media: <\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Members of the news media interested in covering this topic should reach out to the <a href=\"mailto:arc-dl-newsroom@mail.nasa.gov\">NASA Ames newsroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Banner image: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Starting in 2017, NASA\u2019s Airspace Technology Demonstration 2, or ATD-2, tools to more efficiently manage departing air traffic were tested at the Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina, shown here. This image comes from a 2017 NASA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UMseKPtylfo\" rel=\"noopener\">video<\/a> about the ATD-2 project.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Credits: NASA<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-social-media grid-container grid-container-block nasa-gb-align- width-full maxw-full margin-y-0 padding-y-5 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-0 font-weight-bold hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-social-media-links\">\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center padding-y-1\" id=\"social-facebook\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"circle-4 minw-4 display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center\" style=\"background-color: #4267B2;\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-labelledby=\"facebookIconTitle\"><title id=\"facebookIconTitle\">Facebook logo<\/title><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 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M84.531,113.093c-15.749,0-28.563-12.812-28.563-28.561 c0-15.75,12.813-28.563,28.563-28.563s28.563,12.813,28.563,28.563C113.094,100.281,100.28,113.093,84.531,113.093z\"\/> <path d=\"M129.921,28.251c-2.89,0-5.729,1.17-7.77,3.22c-2.051,2.04-3.23,4.88-3.23,7.78c0,2.891,1.18,5.73,3.23,7.78 c2.04,2.04,4.88,3.22,7.77,3.22c2.9,0,5.73-1.18,7.78-3.22c2.05-2.05,3.22-4.89,3.22-7.78c0-2.9-1.17-5.74-3.22-7.78 C135.661,29.421,132.821,28.251,129.921,28.251z\"\/><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-social-media-items padding-left-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" class=\"margin-right-2\" href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/NASA\" aria-label=\"Go to @NASA on instagram\" rel=\"noopener\">@NASA<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" class=\"margin-right-2\" href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/NASAaero\" aria-label=\"Go to @NASAaero on instagram\" rel=\"noopener\">@NASAaero<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" class=\"margin-right-2\" href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/NASA_es\" aria-label=\"Go to @NASA_es on instagram\" 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rel=\"noopener\">@NASA<\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/research-model-increases-accuracy\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png 3953w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=300,192 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=768,491 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=1024,655 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=1536,983 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=2048,1310 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=400,256 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=600,384 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=900,576 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=1200,768 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20230608-144923-nasa-ldg-full-model-ls.png?resize=2000,1280 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">Globetrotting NASA Research Model Increases Accuracy<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t16 hours ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/earth\/natural-disasters\/nasa-announces-new-system-to-aid-disaster-response\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/prturkiyeeq-020624a.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Announces New System to Aid Disaster Response<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">In early May, widespread flooding and landslides occurred in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-repository-supports-research-of-commercial-astronaut-health\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" src=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/51472315354-c49f4aa62a-k.jpg\" ><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">2 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s Repository Supports Research of Commercial Astronaut Health\u00a0\u00a0<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p-md color-carbon-60\">NASA\u2019s Open Science Data Repository provides valuable information to researchers studying the impact of space...<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-missions\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Missions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg 3840w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/jsc2022e046413_orig.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Humans In Space<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"368\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?w=368\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg 368w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/topic-humans-in-space.jpg?resize=263,400 263w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=topic&p=192124\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Solar System<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/history\/explore-nasas-history\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Explore NASA’s History<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1878\" src=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&h=1878&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1919&h=1878&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1919w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=300&h=294&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=768&h=752&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1024&h=1002&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1503&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=50&h=49&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=400&h=391&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=600&h=587&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=900&h=881&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/as17-134-20476\/as17-134-20476~large.jpg?w=1200&h=1174&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Share<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"social-icons social-icons-round\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-x\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/tweet?via=NASA&text=What%20is%20the%20Airspace%20Technology%20Demonstration%202%3F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters-and-facilities%2Fames%2Fwhat-is-the-airspace-technology-demonstration-2%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on X.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"1200\" height=\"1227\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 1227\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z\" fill=\"white\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"social-icon social-icon-facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters-and-facilities%2Fames%2Fwhat-is-the-airspace-technology-demonstration-2%2F\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook.\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 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aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z\"\/><circle cx=\"219\" cy=\"581\" r=\"71\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Aug 02, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Editor<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\">Abby Tabor<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\"><div class=\"grid-col-4\"><div class=\"subheading\">Contact<\/div><\/div><div class=\"grid-col-8\"><div class=\"margin-bottom-3\"><div>Jim Banke<\/div><div><a href=\"mailto:jim.banke@nasa.gov\">jim.banke@nasa.gov<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/ames\/\">Ames Research Center<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/\">Aeronautics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/technology\/\">Aeronautics Technology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/aeronautics\/air-traffic-solutions\/\">Air Traffic Solutions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/nasa-directorates\/armd\/airspace-operations-and-safety-program\/\">Airspace Operations and Safety Program<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/armd\/aosp\/atd\/\">Airspace Technology Demonstration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NASA technology helps air travelers get smoothly from gate to sky. After more than a year of pandemic-related travel restrictions, many people excitedly boarded planes to take them on long-awaited vacations. Plenty then sighed and settled in for a long wait: their takeoff was delayed, and they\u2019d be sitting on the tarmac a while. Commercial [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":218,"featured_media":35321,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"218","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":["47"],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2854,2660,10843,2824,3307,12736],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[10924],"coauthors":[],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"What is the Airspace Technology Demonstration 2?","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/what-is-the-airspace-technology-demonstration-2\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/what-is-the-airspace-technology-demonstration-2\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg"},"articleSection":"NASA Centers & Facilities","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Abby Tabor"}],"creator":["Abby Tabor"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["NASA Directorates","Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate","Airspace Operations and Safety Program","Airspace Technology Demonstration","Ames Research Center","Aeronautics","Aeronautics Technology","Air Traffic Solutions"],"dateCreated":"2021-11-24T00:19:00Z","datePublished":"2021-11-24T00:19:00Z","dateModified":"2023-08-02T15:56:38Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"What is the Airspace Technology Demonstration 2?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/ames\/what-is-the-airspace-technology-demonstration-2\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2021-11-24T00:19:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"NASA Centers & Facilities\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"NASA Directorates,Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate,Airspace Operations and Safety Program,Airspace Technology Demonstration,Ames Research Center,Aeronautics,Aeronautics Technology,Air Traffic Solutions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Abby Tabor\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":7,"time_ago":"3 years","featured_image":{"id":35321,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/atd2_video_still_for_web_feature_01.jpg","title":"ATD2","alt":"Airplanes at the airport terminal parked on the tarmac.","caption":"Since 2017 NASA\u2019s Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) tools to more efficiently manage departing air traffic have been tested at the Charlotte Douglas International Airport in North Carolina. 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