SUWANNEE COUNTY

BULLETIN NO. 66

279

Figure 143. Springs visited by FGS in Suwannee County.
Branford Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 57’ 17.53” N., Long. 82° 55’ 42.27” W. (NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 20, T. 6

S., R. 14 E.). Branford Spring is located within Ivey Memorial Park in the city of Branford,

500 ft (152.4 m) southwest of the junction between US 27 and US 129 on the east side of the

Suwannee River. The spring is just east of a dive/bait shop.

Description – Branford Spring is situated in a steep-sided depression along the east side of

the Suwannee River. The spring pool is nearly circular and measures 90 ft (27.4m) in diameter north to south and 84 ft (25.6 m) east to west. There are small boils on the surface over

at least two vents within the spring pool. The depth at the sampled vent measures 12.5 ft

(3.8 m). The water is clear and has a blue-greenish hue. This spring has an abundance of

long, filamentous algae covering nearly all substrates and waving in the currents. There is

very little other aquatic vegetation. Its banks are nearly vertical, rising to approximately

18 ft (5.5 m) above the water, and limestone is exposed in and around the spring. A wooden platform is built along the south and east banks. The shallow spring run travels approximately 100 ft (30.5 m) northward, then turns sharply west and flows 100 ft (30.5 m) into

the Suwannee River. The spring run is sand-bottomed, and spills into the river over three

consecutive man-made limestone walls. The walls are presumably intended to maintain

water levels in the spring pool for swimming. Land around Branford Spring is developed

into a city park.

Utilization – The spring is within a city park and is a popular local swimming hole.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

280

Figure 144. Branford Spring (photo by T. Scott).
Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

May 15, 1927 12.4(1)

March 15, 1932 8.85(1)

April 26, 1956 8.52(1)

November 17, 1960 29.8(1)

November 3, 1972 29.2(1)

July 21, 1997 24.53(4)

July 10, 2002 6.63(2)

BULLETIN NO. 66

281

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 22.0 Ca 71 74 74.7A

DO 2.7 K 0.3 1.1A 1.1A

pH 6.8 Na 2.3 3.9 3.9I

Sp. Cond. 345 Mg 7 7.6A 7.7A

Lab Analytes Al - - 26I

BOD - - 0.97I As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 0.4 B - - 15I

Color 0 - 5.0 Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 150 - 198.0 Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. - 430.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 241 - 241.0 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 37I

Cl 6.0 - 6.1 Mn - 6.8A 7A

SO4 22 - 21.0 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0.1 - 0.088I Pb - 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.3

TOC - - 3I Ra-228 - - 3.2

NO3 + NO2 as N 0.61 - 0.68 Se - 4U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U

TKN - 0.12I 0.097I Sr 320 - 122A

P - 0.052J 0.054 Zn - 1.5U 3U

PO4 - 0.054 -

NO3 2.6 - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

20.85

0.51

6.95

425

2002 2002 Analytes 1972 Analytes 1972

Table 172. Branford Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 173. Branford Spring bacteriological analysis.
Ellaville Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 23’ 04.08” N.,

Long. 83° 10’ 21.02” W. (SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4

NE 1⁄4 sec. 24, T. 1 S., R. 11 E.).

Ellaville Spring enters the Suwannee

River from the east approximately 13

miles (21 km) northwest of Live Oak.

From the intersection of I-10 and US 90

northwest of Live Oak, travel about 5.7

miles (9.2 km) northwest on US 90 to

just before the bridge over the

Suwannee River. The Springs Fever

website gives the following directions

for accessing the spring from US 90:

“turn right on the dirt road that cuts

sharply behind the agricultural inspection station on the north side of

Highway 90. Turn left on a dirt/grass

path just before the railroad tracks and

drive about 150 feet toward the river.

The spring will be 100 feet (30.5 m) to

the west (left).” It is surrounded by private property and can be accessed by

traveling downstream from the boat

ramp at the Suwannee River State

Park approximately 0.3 miles (0.5 km),

to just below the confluence of the

Withlacoochee River. The spring run

flows in from the east side of the river

downstream from the railroad trestle.

Description – Ellaville Spring discharges from a cave system in the limestone banks of the

Suwannee River. The small spring pool is approximately 6 ft (1.8 m) in diameter, and it has

vertical limestone walls that reach heights of about 15 ft (4.6m) above water level. In April

2002, the spring water was tannic; however, the water normally is clear and bluish. The

spring pool is situated about 80 ft (24.4 m) up an enlarged limestone fracture through which

the spring run courses. The spring run is approximately 8 ft (2.4 m) wide and averages 8 ft

(2.4 m) deep. Divers report that the spring depth reaches 150 ft (45.7 m) within an extensive cave system associated with Ellaville Spring. The cave system reportedly extends

underneath the Suwannee River eventually connecting with Suwanacoochee Spring cave

system.

Utilization – The spring is undeveloped and located on private property that is adjacent to

Suwannee River State Park property. It is a popular cave-diving location.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

282

Figure 145. Ellaville Spring (photo by T. Scott).
Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

December 9, 1942 41.2(1)

November 16, 1960 27.9(1)

November 8, 1973 82(1)

June 2, 1998 40.7(4)

BULLETIN NO. 66

283

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21.0 Ca 58 60.3 61.4

DO 1.5 K 0.5 0.65 0.65

pH 7.3 Na 2.5 6.9 7.0

Sp. Cond. - Mg 12 8.7 8.8

Lab Analytes Al - - 11I

BOD - - 0.2U As - 0.5U 0.75U

Turbidity - - 0.10 B - - 16I

Color 5 - 5U Cd - 0.025U 0.025U

Alkalinity 170 - 171.0 Co - - 2U

Sp. Cond. 356 350.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 199 - 215.0 Cu - 3U 3U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 22I 40U

Cl 3.5 - 5.1 Mn - 22 22.3

SO4 10 - 21.0 Ni - 3.6U 2U

F 0.1 - 0.14 Pb - 0.029I 0.1U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.4

TOC - - 1.6I Ra-228 - - 1.4U

NO3 + NO2 as N - - 0.39 Se - 0.84I 1U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 5U

TKN - 0.064I 0.06U Sr - - 82.0

P - 0.059 0.062 Zn - 2U 4U

PO4 - 0.059 -

NO3 ---

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002 2002 Analytes 1973 Analytes 1973

22.91

0.37

6.93

374

Table 174. Ellaville Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 175. Ellaville Spring bacteriological analysis.
Falmouth Spring

Location-Lat. 30° 21’ 40.19” N., Long. 83° 08’ 05.97” W. (NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 32, T. 1

S., R. 12 E.). Falmouth Spring is 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Live Oak. From the intersection of I-10 and US 90 northwest of Live Oak, travel about 2.9 miles (4.7 km) northwest

on US 90. Enter the Falmouth Spring Recreation Area at the SRWMD sign on the south

(left) side of the road. The spring is west of the parking area and is accessed by an interpretive hiking path.

Description-Falmouth Spring is a karst window. At the head of the karst window, the pool

measures 87 ft (26.5 m) north to south and 81 ft (24.7 m) east to west. The depth is 39 ft

(11.9 m). The water discharges from a conical depression. The bottom is sand and limestone.

Water is fairly clear, greenish with tiny suspended algal particles. The bottom and sides are

thickly covered with dark green filamentous algae. There was no visible boil during the

October 2001 visit. Limestone is exposed along sides. High sand banks rise steeply along

the karst window to 25 to 30 ft (7.6 to 9.1 m) above water level. Surrounding high ground

has mixed hardwood and pine forest. The run flows 450 ft (137.2 m) northeast until disappearing into a siphon. The east side of the karst window has a wooden boardwalk leading

down to spring and a foot path along the run. Rosenau et al. (1977) report an underwater

cave in this karst window.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

284

Figure 146. Falmouth Spring (photo by T. Scott).
Utilization—Falmouth Springs is a park owned by SRWMD. Swimming is allowed.

Discharge- All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s. A high river stage on the Suwannee

River caused a reversal of flow at Falmouth Spring in February 1933.

1908 167(1)

1913 220(1)

February 10, 1933 365(1)

December 9, 1942 59.6(1)

July 22, 1946 157(1)

November 16, 1960 183(1)

November 15, 1973 159(1)

November 13, 2001 159(4)

BULLETIN NO. 66

285

Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter

Field Measures Metals

Temperature - 21.0 20.7 - Ca 65 53 63.1 62.3

DO - 1.6 1.28 - K 0.4 0.5 0.36 0.34

pH - 7.3 7.10 - Na 3.1 2.2 2.63 2.45

Sp. Cond. - 351 373 - Mg 9.2 12 9.1 8.8

Lab Analytes As - - 3 U 3 U

BOD - 0 0.2 AU - Al - - - 75 U

Turbidity - 1 0.3 - B - - 25 U -

Color - 5 5U - Cd - - 0.75 U 0.75 U

Alkalinity - 170 187 186 Co - - 0.75 U -

Sp. Cond. - - 400 A - Cr - - 2 U 0.5 U

TDS - - 210 - Cu - - 8.8 I 8.8 I

TSS - - 4U - Fe - - 39 I 35 U

Cl 4.0 3.4 4.1 4.1 Mn - - 9.3 7.5

SO4 9.5 9.5 11 11 Ni - - 1.5 U 1.5 U

F - 0.0 0.12 0.12 Pb - - 5 U 4 U

Nutrients Se - - 4 U 4 U

TOC - 5.0 1.8 I - Sn - - 20 U -

NO3 + NO2 - 0.70 0.39 0.41 Sr - 0.0 50 -

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.01 U 0.01 I Zn - - 5 U 5 U

TKN - - 0.088 I 0.086 IQ

P - 0.04 0.038 A 0.036

PO4 - 0.04 0.033 -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than the practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

Analytes 1924 1973 2001 Analytes 1924 1973 2001

Analyte Value

Escherichia coli 90

Enterococci 32

Fecal Coliform 74

Total Coliform 180

Bacteria Results (in #/100ml)

Table 177. Falmouth Spring bacteriological analysis.

Table 176. Falmouth Spring water quality analysis.
Ichetucknee Head Spring

See Ichetucknee Springs Group – Columbia County

Little River Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 59’ 48.71” N., Long. 82° 57’ 58.74” W. (SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 1, T. 6

S., R. 13 E.). Little River Spring is located 3.5 miles (5.5 km) north of Branford. From the

intersection of US 27 and US 129 in Branford, travel north on US 129 for 3.1 miles (5 km).

Turn west (left) on CR 248 and travel 1.7 miles (2.7 km). The spring is located on the south

(left) side of the road.

Description – The Little River Spring pool measures 108 ft (32.9 m) north to south and 93

ft (28.3 m) east to west. The depth over the vent is 11.0 ft (3.3 m). Limestone is exposed in

the pool, and there are areas covered by sand. Spring water issues from an elongated fracture in the limestone. The water is clear and greenish blue. Algae cover approximately half

the area in the spring and run, and frequent swimming probably keeps the other half

cleared. There is a sizeable boil over the vent near the center of the spring pool. The spring

discharge flows through a 150 ft (45.7 m) long run southwesterly into the Suwannee River

from the east. Steep, sandy banks rise to approximately 18 ft (5.5 m) above the spring, and

the land becomes flat on top. A boardwalk leads from a dirt parking area on the northeast

side down onto the exposed sandy shores near the spring. Land surrounding the spring is

generally forested. An extensive cave system exists below this spring. Cave divers report

that the cave system reaches depths of well over 100 ft (30.5 m).

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

286

Figure 147. Little River Spring (photo by R. Means)
Utilization – Little River Spring is located on SRWMD land and currently is being developed into a recreational area with campground and full facilities. The spring is popular for

swimming and cave diving.

Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

November 27, 1973 84.4(1)

September 19, 1997 84.89(4)

BULLETIN NO. 66

287

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 22.0 Ca 56 59A 61.1

DO 5 K 1 0.51 0.50

pH 7.3 Na 2.4 2.5A 2.3I

Sp. Cond. - Mg 9.5 7.2 7.5

Lab Analytes Al - - 10U

BOD - - 2.2A As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 0.10 B - - 11I

Color 0 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 160 - 163.0 Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 352 360.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 202 - 197.0 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 35U

Cl 4.1 - 4.8 Mn - 0.5U 0.5U

SO4 16 - 17.0 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0 - 0.097I Pb - 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.5

TOC - - 1U Ra-228 - - 2.1

NO3 + NO2 as N - - 0.90 Se - 4U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U

TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 0 - 141.0

P - 0.023J 0.022A Zn - 1.5U 3U

PO4 - - 0.022

NO3 ---

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002 2002 Analytes 1973 Analytes 1973

22.28

1.34

7.20

350

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 178. Little River Spring water quality analysis.

Table 179. Little River Spring bacteriological analysis.
Running Springs

Location – Lat. 30° 06’ 16.07” N., Long. 83° 06’ 57.32” W. (SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 28, T. 4

S., R. 12 E.). Running Springs is located on private land, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) northeast of

Mayo. From Mayo, drive 3.3 miles (5.3 km) north on SR 51 to the boat ramp. The spring runs

flow in from the northeast side of the Suwannee River, 4.3 miles downstream (east) from the

boat ramp on SR 51.

Description – Running Springs consist of a pair of separate spring areas (East Running

Springs and West Running Springs) that discharge from small cavities at the base of an

approximately 20 ft (6.1 m) high limestone bank on the northeastern side of the Suwannee

River. The two springs occur in depressions in the river bank that are separated by approximately 150 ft (45.7 m). East Running Springs was sampled for water quality and was

approximately 2 ft (0.6 m) above the adjacent Suwannee River during the March 2002 visit.

The spring pool is oblong and measures 70 ft (21.3 m) north to south and 50 ft (15.2 m) east

to west. Its depth ranges from 2 to 6 ft (0.6-1.8 m). The pool bottom is sand and limestone.

The water is clear and bluish. There is no aquatic vegetation, and algae occur on portions

of the sand and limestone substrates. It has a short southwestward flowing run that is

approximately 25 ft (7.6 m) long. The run cascades over a 2 ft (0.6 m) high limestone ledge

into the river. East Running Springs has multiple boils within the northeast end of the pool.

There are several spring rivulets emerging from the base of the high banks into the northeast end of the pool. There is another spring located in the Suwannee River that creates a

prominent boil along the riverbank just 15 ft (4.6 m) upstream of the mouth of East Running

Springs. Divers report this spring to be connected to the East Running Springs run through

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

288

Figure 148. East Running Springs (photo by R. Means).
an underwater cavern. West Running Springs is smaller and has a run that is approximately 150 ft (45.7 m) long. The run flows southwestward under a small land bridge then

into the river. Rosenau et al. (1977) report steep limestone walls, natural limestone bridges

and numerous vents at these springs. The high ground above Running Springs harbors a

mixed hardwood and pine forest with some private landscaping intended to reduce erosion.

Utilization - The springs are undeveloped and on private property. Land access was

recently closed by new landowners who are restoring the natural condition of the uplands

surrounding the springs.

Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in

ft3

/s.

November 27, 1973 (West Spring) 14.2(1)

November 27, 1973 (East Spring) 62.8(1)

July 30, 1997 22.44(4)

July 9, 2002 28.12(2)

BULLETIN NO. 66

289

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21.5 Ca 48 52.1 51.5

DO 2.5 K 0.5 0.38 0.36

pH 7.3 Na 2.1 2.6 2.6I

Sp. Cond. Mg 17 14.7 14.5

Lab Analytes Al - - 10U

BOD - - 0.2U As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 0.05U B - - 10I

Color 0.0 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 160.0 - 169.0 Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 351 370.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 181.0 - 204.0 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 35U

Cl 3.3 - 4.7 Mn - 0.5U 0.5U

SO4 13.0 - 19.0 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0.1 - 0.17 Pb - 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.4

TOC - - 1U Ra-228 - - 1.6

NO3 + NO2 as N - - 2.30 Se - 4U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U

TKN - 0.075I 0.06U Sr 0 - 56.5

P - 0.04J 0.040 Zn - 1.5U 4U

PO4 - 0.035 -

NO3 - - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

22.10

1.23

7.12

376

2002 2002 Analytes 1973 Analytes 1973

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 180. Running Springs

bacteriological analysis.

Table 181. Running Springs water quality analysis.
Suwannee Springs

Location – Lat. 30° 23’ 40.12” N., Long. 82° 56’ 04.34” W. (SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 17, T. 1

S., R. 14 E.). Suwannee Springs flow into the Suwannee River from the southwest approximately 7.5 miles (12.1 km) northeast of Live Oak. From the I-10 and US 129 intersection

north of Live Oak, travel north on US 129 approximately 4.3 miles (6.9 km). Turn northeast (right) on old US 129 at the solid waste collection site. Travel 0.5 miles (0.8 km) and

turn east (right) on a graded road that leads to the spring parking area.

Description – At least six springs comprise Suwannee Springs. All are clustered in a sandy

100 ft (30.5 m) stretch at the base of a 35 ft (10.7 m) high bank along the south side of the

Suwannee River. The main spring, which was sampled for water quality, is within the rock

walls of a late 1800’s bath house. The spring pool measures 17 ft (5.2 m) north to south and

25 ft (7.6 m) east to west. The depth near the vent on the south side of the pool is 7.8 ft (2.4

m). Limestone is exposed in the vents and sand covers a large part of the spring pool. Clear,

yellow-greenish water is pooled behind the wall and spills out through an opening at the

base over algae–covered limestone boulders into the tannic Suwannee River. Algae are

abundant in the pool. The spring water exudes a sharp odor of hydrogen sulfide. On the east

side of the pool, wooden stairs lead down from a parking lot into the spring. Water levels of

both the spring and river were very low in August 2002. The stairs were 10 ft (3 m) above

the water level. Remains of the old US 90 bridge over the river are just upstream. Land

along the river is forested with hardwoods and pines.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

290

Figure 149. Suwannee Springs (photo by R. Means).
BULLETIN NO. 66

291

Dissolved Total

Field Measures

Temperature - 21.5 21.0

DO - - 4.5

pH - 7.5 7.5

Sp. Cond. - - -

Lab Analytes

BOD - - - - 0.48I

Turbidity - - - - 0.45

Color - 15 10 - 10.0

Alkalinity - 140 150 - 149

Sp. Cond. - 330 333 305.0 -

TDS - - 199 - 181.0

TSS - - - - 4U

Cl 7 7 5.3 - 4.6

SO4 27 18 17 - 7.4

F 0.2 0.1 - 0.170

Nutrients

TOC - - - - 3I

NO3 + NO2 as N --- - 0.004U

NH3 + NH4 - - - - 0.170

TKN - - - 0.2I 0.25

P - - - 0.14A 0.150

PO4 - - - 0.14 -

NO3 --- - -

Metals

Ca 53 53 48 54.1A 54.2

K 0.6 0.4 1 0.41A 0.44A

Na 5.5 4 4.2 3.12A 3.04

Mg 12 7.2 11 5.3A 5.4

Al - - - -5U

As - - - 3U 3U

B - - - - 9.1I

Cd - - - 0.5U 0.5U

Co - - - -1U

Cr - - - 2U 2U

Cu - - - 1U 2U

Fe - - - 19I 20I

Mn - - - 14.3A 14.2

Ni - - - 1U 1.5U

Pb - - - 5U 5U

Ra-226 - - - - 0.5

Ra-228 - - - - 1U

Se - - - 5U 7U

Sn - - - - 20U

Sr - - 0 - 53.9

Zn - - - 4.6U 2U

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002 Analytes

306

21.26

0.35

7.03

1924 1966 1973

Table 182. Suwannee Springs water quality analysis.
Utilization – In the late 1800’s the springs were a popular bathing area, health spa and

tourist destination. Today, the spring is located on SRWMD land with public recreation and

interpretive areas.

Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

Average for 1906-1973 23.4(1) (52 measurements)

Min (April 25, 1956) 2.35(1)

Max (June 4, 1964) 71.5(1)

June 24, 1997 14.07(4)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

292

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1AK

Fecal Coliform 1A 

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 183. Suwannee Springs bacteriological analysis.
Telford Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 06’ 25.38” N., Long. 83°

09’ 56.66” W. (NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 25, T. 4

S., R. 11 E.). Telford Spring is located on the

west bank of the Suwannee River, 4 miles

(6.4 km) north of Mayo. The spring is surrounded by private land but was open to the

public in April 2002. From the intersection of

US 27 and SR 51 in Mayo, drive north on SR

51 for 4.8 miles (7.7 km), crossing over the

Suwannee River, and turn east (right) at the

flashing lights at Luraville Road in Luraville.

From Luraville, turn south (right) onto the

first graded road and travel 0.9 miles (1.5

km) to a fork in the road, just before the

river. At the fork, turn right and travel 0.1

miles (0.2 km) to the spring. The left fork

leads to the boat launching ramp.

Description – Telford Spring is situated

along the east side of the Suwannee River at

the head of a cove surrounded by steep sandy

banks. The spring emerges from two caves

within scalloped limestone whose passages

connect underneath a 5 ft (1.5 m) by 7 ft (2.1

m) wide natural limestone bridge. The natural bridge over the spring was about 1 ft (0.3

m) higher than water level in April 2002.

The main pool measures 66 ft (20.1 m) north

to south and 51 ft (15.5 m) east to west and

has a prominent boil. The maximum depth of the spring pool is 11.3 ft (3.4 m) over the vent.

The spring and its run have a sand and limestone bottom. The water color is greenish and

clear. Algae are sparse and there is virtually no aquatic vegetation. The short, shallow, 1

ft (0.3 m), spring run flows approximately 75 ft (22.9 m) into the dark, tannic waters of the

Suwannee River. Land on the 12-15 ft (3.7-4.6 m) high, eroded banks supports a dense

mixed hardwood/pine forest and there is a large unpaved parking area around the perimeter of the spring pool. A sinkhole with a clear water pool is located 150 ft (45.7 m) north of

the spring across the sand access road. Spring water levels are directly tied to Suwannee

River fluctuations.

Utilization - Telford Spring is surrounded by private lands and is a heavily used local

recreation area.

Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

May 14, 1927 35.1(1)

December 12, 1941 28.0(1)

May 29, 1942 48.2(1)

November 17, 1960 53.5 (1)

BULLETIN NO. 66

293

Figure 150. Telford Spring

(photo by R. Means).
November 21, 1973 33.8 (1)

September 17, 1997 31.15(4)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

294

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21.0 Ca 52 57 56.9

DO 3 K 0.4 0.63 0.61

pH 7.4 Na 2.3 3.4I 3.4I

Sp. Cond. - Mg 24 16.7 16.5

Lab Analytes Al - - 50U

BOD - - 0.34I As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 0.30 B - - 12I

Color 5 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 170 - 171 Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 423 440.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 244 - 244.0 Cu - 3U 3U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 25U 25U

Cl 4.0 - 5.7 Mn - 4.4 5.0

SO4 42 - 46.0 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0 - 0.190 Pb - 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.3

TOC - - 1.9I Ra-228 - - 0.9U

NO3 + NO2 as N - - 1.80 Se - 4U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.02I Sn - -7U

TKN - 0.09I 0.082I Sr 0 - 205

P - 0.058 0.063 Zn - 3.2U 3U

PO4 - 0.054 -

NO3 - - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002 Analytes Analytes 2002 1973 1973

428

21.22

0.96

7.09

Table 184. Telford Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1K

Fecal Coliform 1K 

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 185. Telford Spring bacteriological analysis.
TAYLOR COUNTY

BULLETIN NO. 66

295

Figure 151. Springs visited by FGS in Taylor County.
Nutall Rise

Location—Lat. 30° 09’ 01.73” N., Long. 83° 57’ 47.82” W. (NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 7, T. 4 S.,

R. 4 E.). Nutall River Rise is located on the Aucilla River approximately 28 miles (45.1 km)

southeast of Tallahassee. The river rise is surrounded by private property and is best

accessed from a public boat ramp off US 98. From the intersection of Capital Circle (US 319)

and SR 363 (Woodville Highway) travel south 13.2 miles (21.2 km) to US 98. Head east (left)

on US 98 for approximately 16.1 miles (25.9 km) to the bridge over the Aucilla River.

Immediately after crossing the Aucilla River, turn north (left) on dirt road marked with a

public boat ramp sign. The river rise is located approximately 0.6 miles (1 km) upstream

from the boat ramp.

Description-The Aucilla River emerges from underground at Nutall Rise and begins its last

stretch unimpeded toward the Gulf of Mexico. The spring pool measures 220 ft (67 m) northwest to southeast and 282 ft (86 m) northeast to southwest. Pool depth is 53 ft (16.2 m)

measured near the vent. The water is typically tannic but can become clear during droughts.

There is some emergent vegetation around the pool perimeter, including an occasional water

hyacinth mat. The surrounding land is relatively low-lying, with live oak and mixed hardwoods. There is a large dolostone quarry located to the north about 0.6 miles (1 km).

Utilization-The entire perimeter of the river rise is bordered by trailers, docks and houses.

Discharge-December 19, 2001: 360 ft3

/s(2)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

296

Figure 152. Nutall Rise (photo by R. Means).
BULLETIN NO. 66

297

Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21.3 - Ca 49.8 49

DO 6.4 - K 0.5 0.5

pH 7.5 - Na 4.61 4.65

Sp. Cond. 338 - Mg 11.1 10.9

Lab Analytes As 3 U 3 U

BOD 0.2 AU - Al - 75 U

Turbidity 0.9 - B 30 U -

Color 20 - Cd 0.75 U 0.5 U

Alkalinity 155 154 Co 0.75 U -

Sp. Cond. 340 - Cr 0.7 U 0.5 U

TDS 196 - Cu 2 U 2 U

TSS 4 U - Fe 299 193

Cl 7.6 8.1 Mn 33.4 24.5

SO4 14 14 Ni 1.5 U 1.5 U

F 0.15 0.14 Pb 5 U 3 U

Nutrients Se 3.5 U 3.5 U

TOC 5.1 - Sn 7 U -

NO3 + NO2 0.029 0.028 Sr 76.1 -

NH3 + NH4 0.026 0.022 Zn 4 U 3.5 U

TKN 0.29 J 0.22 A

P 0.047 0.039

PO4 0.033 -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value less than practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Q=exceeding holding time limit

Analytes 2001 Analytes 2001

Table 186. Nutall Rise water quality analysis.

Analyte Value

Escherichia coli 19AQ

Enterococci 38AQ

Fecal Coliform 23AQ

Total Coliform 225AQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 187. Nutall Rise bacteriological analysis.
Waldo Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 02’ 57.04” N., Long. 83° 37’ 47.74” W. (NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 16, T. 5

S., R. 7 E.). Waldo Spring is 5.2 miles (8.4 km) southeast of Perry. The spring is located

behind a locked gate on a road surrounded by private timber company land and is currently not accessible to the public.

Description – Waldo Spring pool measures 60 ft (18.3 m) north-south and 132 ft (40.2 m)

east-west. The maximum depth is 8 ft (2.4 m) at a spring vent near the southern shore.

Rosenau et al. (1977) report a limestone floor in the spring pool. Murky, blue-greenish water

discharges from the spring vent. The pool surface has large floating brown algae mats.

Algae-covered aquatic vegetation occurs within the spring pool. The narrow and heavily

canopied spring run flows 200 ft (61 m) northeast into the Fenholloway River from the

south. The land surrounding the spring is planted pine flatwoods, with some areas recently clearcut. Live oak trees and grassy banks border the south and west sides of the spring

pool. Large limestone boulders form a ring around the pool area, preventing cars from driving directly up to the spring banks. A large sand parking area and dirt access road are

beyond to the south.

Utilization - Waldo Spring is surrounded by privately-owned timber company land. It was

until recently a popular local swimming hole, but is currently inaccessible due to a locked

gate at the Golf Course Rd. entrance. In addition to logging operations, the land surrounding the spring is leased by a hunt club.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

298

Figure 153. Waldo Spring (photo by R. Means).
Discharge – No discharge rate is available. 

BULLETIN NO. 66

299

Dissolved Total

Field Measures

Temperature 21.0 21.0

DO - -

pH 7.3 7.1

Sp. Cond. - -

Lab Analytes

BOD - - - 0.2AU

Turbidity - - - 4.2

Color - 5 - 20.0

Alkalinity - 200 - 225

Sp. Cond. - 415 426.0 -

TDS - 225 - 238.0

TSS - - - 4U

Cl 5.0 5.0 - 4.9

SO4 9.6 8.8 - 5.7

F - 0.3 - 0.21

Nutrients

TOC - - - 3.2I

NO3 + NO2 as N - 0 - 0.007I

NH3 + NH4 - - - 0.089

TKN - - 0.14I 0.18I

P - - 0.082 0.077

PO4 - - 0.08 -

NO3 - - - -

Metals

Ca 52 52 60.8 57.4

K - 0.1 0.14 0.14

Na - 2.9 3.1 3.61

Mg 20 18 23.9 23.1

Al - - - 10U

As - - 8U 7U

B - - - 14I

Cd - - 0.5U 0.5U

Co - - -2U

Cr - - 2U 2U

Cu - - 5U 3U

Fe - - 1180 1170

Mn - - 44.2 43.8

Ni - - 2U 2U

Pb - - 5U 12U

Ra-226 - - - 0.5

Ra-228 - - - 0.9U

Se - - 8U 15U

Sn - - - 11U

Sr - 50 - 54

Zn - - 5.6I 6.2U

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2003 Analytes

458

21.95

0.26

7.09

1946 1972

Table 188. Waldo Spring water quality analysis.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

300

Analyte Value

Enterococci 4B

Fecal Coliform 1K

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 189. Waldo Spring bacteriological analysis.
BULLETIN NO. 66

301

UNION COUNTY

Figure 154. Spring visited by FGS in Union County.

Spring description provided on the enclosed CD.
VOLUSIA COUNTY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

302

Figure 155. Springs visited by FGS in Volusia County.
DeLeon Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 08’ 03.41” N., Long. 81° 21’ 45.89” W. (SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 16, T. 16

S., R. 29 E.). DeLeon Spring is located within DeLeon Springs State Park, 8 miles (13 km)

northeast of Deland. From the junction of US 17 and US 92 in Deland, travel 5.9 miles (9.5

km) north on US 17. Turn west (left) on paved road marked by sign for DeLeon Springs

State Park (Ponce DeLeon Boulevard) and travel 1.1 miles (1.8 km) to the park entrance.

Description – DeLeon Spring is situated in a circular, conical depression measuring 189 ft

(57.6 m) north to south and 168 ft (51.2 m) east to west. The maximum pool depth measures

28.0 ft (8.5 m) over the vent. The bottom is sand, except at the vent where some limestone

is exposed. A single vent issues water from the center of the pool. The water is clear with a

light greenish color. There was a visible boil over the vent during January 2002. There are

patches of algae on the bottom and suspended algal filaments and particles in the water. No

other aquatic vegetation is present in the spring pool. A concrete wall with numerous access

ladders and a concrete sidewalk encircle the spring pool. The spring outflow pours through

a concrete weir on the west side of the spring pool, then down a 3 ft (0.9 m) drop into the

wide, natural spring run. From here, the spring run flows approximately 0.25 miles (0.4 km)

westward into Lake Woodruff from the northeast. To the south and east of the spring, high

ground gently slopes to approximately 6 to 8 ft (1.8 to 2.4 m) above the spring water level.

To the north and west are swampy, forested lowlands of Lake Woodruff and the St. Johns

River system. Surrounding land is developed and landscaped as part of the state park.

Divers report a small underwater cave at DeLeon Spring (Rosenau et al., 1977).

BULLETIN NO. 66

303

Figure 156. DeLeon Spring (photo by T. Scott).
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

304

Dissolved Total

Field Measures

Temperature - - 23 22

DO ----

pH - 7.4 8.1 8

Sp. Cond. ----

Lab Analytes

BOD - - - 0.02 - -

Turbidity ----- 0.15

Color - 0 5 - - 5U

Alkalinity - - 100 - - 121

Sp. Cond. - 1030 570 - 790.0 -

TDS 1260 541 326 - - 415

TSS - - - - -4U

Cl 620 230 110 - - 150

SO4 93 35 18 - -28

F - 0 0.2 - - 0.09I

Nutrients

TOC - - - 0 - 1.1I

NO3 + NO2 as N - - - 0.1 - 1.30

NH3 + NH4 --- - - 0.030

TKN ---- 0.23 0.28

P ---- 0.057 0.065

PO4 --- 0.04 0.059 -

NO3 1.1 0.8 - 0.4 - -

Metals

Ca 64 44 39 - 49.3 50.8

K 330 4 3 - 4.4 4.40

Na 330 120 60 - 83.9 86.2

Mg 44 17 9.7 - 13.1 13.4

Al - - - - -20U

As - - - 03U 3U

B ----- 48I

Cd - - - 0 0.5U 0.5U

Co - - - 0 - 0.75U

Cr - - - 02U 2U

Cu - - - 0 3.5U 3.5U

Fe 150 60 - 0 35U 35U

Mn - - - 10 1.3I 1.4I

Ni - - - -2U 2U

Pb - - - 03U 5U

Ra-226 - - - - -0.5

Ra-228 ----- 0.9U

Se - - - -4U 4U

Sn - - - - -10U

Sr ----- 358.0

Zn - - - 10 1.5U 2U

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002 Analytes

22.93

1923 1946 3/2/1972 4/12/1972

0.46

7.14

803

Table 190. DeLeon Spring water quality analysis.
Utilization – The spring is within DeLeon State Park which has full facilities.

Discharge – All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

Average for 1929-1975 30.8 (1) (87 measurements)

Min (March 7, 1932) 20(1)

Max (April 23, 1946) 42(1)

Average for 1990 21.24(6) (6 measurements)

Average for 1995 22.98(6) (4 measurements)

Average for 2000 20.20(6) (5 measurements)

Mean 1929-2000 27.2(6) (244 measurements)

BULLETIN NO. 66

305

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 191. DeLeon Spring bacteriological analysis.
Volusia Blue Spring

Location-Lat. 28° 56’ 50.94” N., Long. 81° 20’ 22.52” W. (NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 8, T. 18

S., R. 30 E.). Volusia Blue Spring is 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Deland in Blue Spring

State Park. From the junction of US 17/92 and SR 44 in Deland, travel 5.3 miles (8.5 km)

south on US 17/92. Turn west (right) on CR 4142 (French Avenue) in Orange City and continue 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to Blue Spring State Park. Follow the park road to the spring parking area. The spring is at the head of Blue Spring Run about .25 miles (0.4 km) north of the

parking area and is accessed by an elevated wooden boardwalk along the east bank of the

spring run.

Description-Volusia Blue Spring has a circular spring pool in a conical depression with a

notable boil in the center. The spring pool measures 135 ft (41.1 m) north to south and 105

ft (32 m) east to west. The depth of the spring measured over the vent is 20 ft (6.1 m). The

bottom of the spring is limestone and sand. The vent is an elongated fissure in the limestone. The water is clear and blue with a greenish tinge. Algae are ubiquitous in the spring

and its run. No other aquatic vegetation was observed during the October 2001 visit. The

spring has steep sandy banks that rise to approximately 15 to 20 ft (4.6 to 6.1 m) above

water level. The spring run also has steep sandy banks and flows south and west approximately 2,034 ft (620 m) to the St. Johns River through dense hardwood and palm forest. A

limited underwater cave system has been mapped at Volusia Blue Spring.

Utilization-The spring and its surroundings are owned and managed by the State of

Florida. Manatees frequent the spring run during the winter months. It is an excellent

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

306

Figure 157. Volusia Blue Spring (photo by T. Scott).
place for nature study, swimming, scuba diving, and canoeing. Camping and hiking also are

permitted in the park. Full facilities are available.

Discharge- All discharge rates are measured in ft3/s.

Average 1932 – 1974 162(1) (360 measurements)

Maximum (November 1, 1960) 214(1)

Minimum (November 6, 1935) 63(1)

November 24, 2001 87(7)

BULLETIN NO. 66

307

Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.1 - Ca 76 52 59 63.5 J 63.2

DO - - - 0.45 - K 13.0 5.5 7.4 6.8 6.9

pH 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.21 - Na 419 128 260 167 170

Sp. Cond. 2840 1060 1800 1402 - Mg 51 20 29 23 23.1

Lab Analytes As - - 0 3 U 3 U

BOD - - 0.3 0.34 I - Al - - - - 75 U

Turbidity --- 2- B - - - 76 I -

Color 5 0 0 5U - Cd - - 2 0.75 U 0.75 U

Alkalinity - 105 121 142 143 Co - - 0 0.75 U -

Sp. Cond. - - - 1400 - Cr --- 2U 2U

TDS - - - 744 A - Cu - - 20 2.5 U 2.5 U

TSS - - - 4U - Fe 70 - 70 35 U 35 U

Cl 780 245 440 340 340 Mn - - 0 2.1 2

SO4 110 37 66 54 52 Ni --- 2U 2U

F 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.077 I 0.074 I Pb - - 1 5 U 4 U

Nutrients Se --- 4U 4U

TOC - - 1.7 I - Sn --- 10U -

NO3 + NO2 - - 0.05 0.64 0.62 Sr - - 1100 827 -

NH3 + NH4 - - - 0.027 0.04 Zn - - 20 5 U 5 U

TKN - - - 0.14 I 0.2 I

P - - 0.07 0.067 0.064

PO4 - - - 0.063 -

1960 1972

I=Value is less than the practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

1972 2001

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

2001 Analytes 1946 Analytes 1946 1960

Table 192. Volusia Blue Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value

Escherichia coli 1 KQ

Enterococci 1 KQ

Fecal Coliform 1 KQ

Total Coliform 1 KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100ml)

Table 193. Volusia Blue Spring bacteriological analysis.
WAKULLA COUNTY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

308

Figure 158. Springs visited by FGS in Wakulla County.
Cray’s Rise

Location – Lat. 29° 59’ 22.20” N., Long. 84° 24’ 28.80” W. (SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec. 2, T. 6

S., R. 2 W.). Cray’s Rise is located within the St. Mark’s National Wildlife Refuge and flows

into the north side of Ochlocknee Bay approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) downstream from the

mouth of the Sopchoppy River. From the intersection of US 98 and CR 372 (Surf Road) drive

west 1.7 miles (2.7 km) to a bridge over Cray’s Rise run. There is a marina at the bridge. The

spring vent is 1,950 feet (594.4 m) upstream from the bridge.

Description – Cray’s Rise spring pool measures 225 ft (68.6 m) north to south and 333 ft

(101.5 m) east to west. The spring measures 39.0 ft (11.9 m) deep over the center. The

depression profile beneath the water surface is steep-sided and deep with some limestone

exposed at the bottom. Cray’s Rise was tea-colored in March 2002, and a prominent boil was

visible on the surface in the center of the pool. A thin strip of black needle rush exists

around the pool perimeter, indicating a low-energy, brackish environment. The spring run

is comma-shaped and runs east, then south for a total distance of approximately 1,800 ft

(548.6 m). Three days before the sampling visit, a regional 8 inch (20 cm) rain resulted in

the flooding of the Ocklockonee and Sopchoppy Rivers. The sampling crew visited Cray’s

Rise twice during February 2002, but could not sample either time. During these prior visits, the spring had only a slightly noticeable boil and murkier water. The surroundings are

low-lying pristine pine flatwoods of the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. It is suspected

that Cray’s Rise is the re-emergence of a subterranean portion of either the Ocklockonee or

the Sopchoppy River.

BULLETIN NO. 66

309

Figure 159. Cray's Rise (photo by R. Means).
Utilization – Cray’s Rise is undeveloped and pristine.

Discharge – Discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

March 21, 1972 82.1(1)

March 5, 2002 164(2)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

310

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21 Ca 120 167A 157

DO - K 72 118A 116

pH 7.5 Na 2000 3140A 3260

Sp. Cond. - Mg 250 391A 391

Lab Analytes Al - - 100I

BOD - - 0.2AU As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 1.1 B - - 1270

Color 65 - 60.0 Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 85 - 100.0 Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 11200 18000.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 6600 - 10500.0 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 8I Fe 230A 290

Cl 3600 - 5200.0 Mn - 20.9A 21.2

SO4 520 - 790.0 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0.5 - 0.26 Pb - 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 3.4

TOC - - 7.1 Ra-228 - - 11.6

NO3 + NO2 as N 0.18 - 0.12 Se - 4U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.12 Sn - - 10U

TKN - 0.47 0.46 Sr - - 2290

P - 0.086 0.074 Zn - 30U 30U

PO4 - 0.075 -

NO3 - - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

20.17

0.56

6.95

17200

2002 2002 Analytes 1972 Analytes 1972

Table 194. Cray's Rise water quality analysis.

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1K

Fecal Coliform 1K

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 195. Cray's Rise bacteriological analysis.
Newport Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 12’ 45.70” N., Long. 84° 10’ 42.56” W. (SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 24, T. 3

S., R. 1 E.). Newport Spring is located approximately 17 miles (27 km) southeast of

Tallahassee near the community of Newport. From the intersection of US 319 (Capital

Circle Southeast) and SR 363 (Woodville Highway) in Tallahassee, head south on SR 363

(Woodville Highway) approximately 13.2 miles (21.2 km) to the intersection of US 98 and SR

363 (Woodville Hwy). Head east (left) on US 98 for approximately 2.2 miles (3.5 km) to

Newport. From US 98 in Newport, just west of the St. Marks River Bridge, travel north (left)

on Old Plank Road 0.9 miles (1.5 km). The spring is on the east (right) side of the road. 

Description – Newport Spring emerges from a vent at the base of a concrete wall along the

east side of Old Plank Road. The spring pool measures 50 ft (15.2 m) north to south and 100

ft (30.5 m) east to west (Rosenau et al., 1977). The spring is 6 ft (1.8 m) deep near the vent.

The bottom is sand and detritus. Limestone is exposed near the vent. The spring water is

yellow-greenish and has a sharp odor of hydrogen sulfide. The walls and pool substrates are

thickly coated with algae and iron-reducing bacteria. There is a small boil on the spring surface just out from the wall on the west side of the spring, underneath a rope swing. An old

abandoned house is situated to the south approximately 300 ft (91.4 m) from the spring. An

old water extraction pipe leads into the spring from the house. The spring pool is under a

BULLETIN NO. 66

311

Figure 160. Newport Spring (photo by T. Scott).
live oak canopy. The spring run flows east approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km) into the St.

Marks River. Approximately 600 ft (182.9 m) downstream from Newport Spring, a small,

clear water, limestone-bottomed spring-fed stream comes in on the north side. Newport

Spring Run is swift flowing over a sand and limestone bottom with abundant native aquatic vegetation. The spring and run are within forested pine flatwoods and swampy lowlands

on the west side of the St. Marks River.

Utilization – The spring is undeveloped and is a popular local swimming spot. Land around

the spring is in private ownership.

Discharge - Discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

March 2, 1972 8.24(1)

February 20, 2003 8.35(2)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

312

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 19.0 Ca 64 74.9A 76.4A

DO - K 0.4 0.41A 0.43A

pH 7.8 Na 4.8 5A 5A

Sp. Cond. - Mg 7.8 7.6A 7.7A

Lab Analytes Al - - 29I

BOD - - 0.64AI As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 1.6 B - - 10U

Color 30 - 20.0 Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 170 - 184 Co - - 1U

Sp. Cond. 405 438.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 228 - 253.0 Cu - 3.5U 4U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 14I 29A

Cl 6.0 - 10 Mn - 4.44A 4.5A

SO4 18 - 29 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0.2 - 0.14 Pb - 5U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 1

TOC - - 5.5 Ra-228 - - 0.9

NO3 + NO2 as N 1.8 - 0.005I Se - 8U 8U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.027A Sn - - 7.2I

TKN - 0.18I 0.22I Sr - - 124A

P 0.01 0.016I 0.019I Zn - 2.5U 4U

PO4 - 0.014 -

NO3 - - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

434

16.58

2.02

7.26

2003 Analytes Analytes 2003 1972 1972

Analyte Value

Enterococci 50

Fecal Coliform 34

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 196. Newport Spring water quality analysis.

Table 197. Newport Spring bacteriological analysis.
Sheppard Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 07’ 31.08” N., Long. 84° 17’ 07.80” W. (NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec. 99, T.

99 S., R. 30 E.). Sheppard Spring is located in the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge

approximately 22 miles (35 km) south of Tallahassee. From the intersection of Capital

Circle (US 319) and SR 363 (Woodville Highway), travel south 13.2 miles (21.2 km) to US

98. Turn west (right) and drive 3.4 miles (5.5 km) to Wakulla Beach Road. Turn south (left)

and drive approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the Florida Trail crossing. Park in the Florida

Trail parking area. The spring can be accessed by canoeing/kayaking to the head of

Sheppard Spring Creek from Wakulla Beach via Goose Creek Bay. The spring can also be

reached by hiking to it on the Florida Trail (access point on Wakulla Beach Road). No roads

lead to the spring, however, the Florida National Wild and Scenic Trail system has a spur

route leading to the spring from the north. From the Florida Trail parking area along

Wakulla Beach Road, walk west on the Florida Trail approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) to the

spring.

Description – Sheppard Spring pool is slightly ovoid, measuring 90 ft (27.4 m) east to west

and 105 ft (32 m) north to south. It is 25 ft (7.6 m) deep near the center, with steep, sand

sides. Two vents have been recognized. The water is clear bluish-green. Long filamentous

algae cover the majority of the soft sand bottom. The spring has an abundance of fallen logs

and a detritus layer covering most of the bottom. No boil was observed on the spring surBULLETIN NO. 66

313

Figure 161. Sheppard Spring (photo by R. Means).
face during the November 2002 visit. Plants and trees completely surround the spring pool

and its run. The spring run averages 2 to 3 ft (0.6 to 0.9 m) deep, 15 ft (4.6 m) wide, and

meanders southward for over a mile (1.6 km). It empties into Goose Creek Bay, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the mouth of the St. Marks River. Sheppard Spring is a pristine, wild spring situated within the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. The surrounding

Gulf Coastal lowlands are heavily forested with palm, hardwoods, and pine.

Utilization – The spring is undeveloped and remote, surrounded by National Wildlife

Refuge land.

Discharge – November 25, 2002 7.65 ft3

/s(2)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

314

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature Ca 57A 57.4

DO K 4.5A 4.50

pH Na 126A 128.0

Sp. Cond. Mg 21.6A 21.4

Lab Analytes Al - 10U

BOD - 0.2AU As 8U 8U

Turbidity - 0.25A B - 57.0

Color - 5U Cd 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity - 143.0 Co - 1U

Sp. Cond. 1060.0 - Cr 2U 2U

TDS - 544.0 Cu 6U 4U

TSS - 4U Fe 18U 29.0

Cl - 230.0 Mn 26.2A 26.7

SO4 - 37.0 Ni 1.2I 2U

F - 0.14 Pb 5U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - 0.8

TOC - 1.1I Ra-228 - 0.8U

NO3 + NO2 as N - 0.21 Se 11U 7U

NH3 + NH4 - 0.02I Sn - 4U

TKN 0.12I 0.12I Sr - 209.0

P 0.077 0.074 Zn 2.3I 6U

PO4 0.074 -

NO3 - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

1088

20.44

1.60

7.56

2002 Analytes Analytes 2002

Analyte Value

Enterococci 17A

Fecal Coliform 1A

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 199. Sheppard Spring bacteriological analysis.

Table 198. Sheppard Spring water quality analysis.
Spring Creek Springs Group

Group Location— Lat. 30° 04’ 50” N., Long. 84° 19’ 47” W. (Land Grant sections 114 and

115, Hartfield Survey). The Spring Creek Springs Group is surrounded by private land but

can be accessed from Apalachee Bay via boat. Spring Creek is 7 miles (11.3 km) southeast

of Crawfordville. From the intersection of US 319 and US 98 south of Crawfordville, cross

US 98 to CR 375 and drive south then generally east approximately 3.8 miles (6.1 km) to the

intersection with CR 365. Turn south (right) on CR 365 (Spring Creek Road) and go 1.5

miles (2.4 km) to a privately owned boat ramp at end of the road. Spring Creek #1 & #2 are

north of the boat ramp.

Group Description- Spring Creek is in a tidal marsh typical of the northeastern Gulf of

Mexico. The coast has extensive hardwood hammock and grass-covered sand areas underlain by limestone that is near and occasionally at the surface. There are 14 known springs

in the Spring Creek Springs Group (Rosenau et al., 1977). Most, including Spring Creek No.

1 and Spring Creek No. 2, discharge into the widened mouth of Spring Creek as it reaches

the Gulf of Mexico. All are tidally influenced. The small fishing community of Spring Creek

is situated on the highest available ground on the east side of Spring Creek mouth adjacent

to many of the springs. The FGS believes that there is a cave system developed in the Spring

Creek Springs Group although it has not been explored. Divers have reported that the flow

at some of these springs reverses at high tide. See Lane (2001) for more information on these

springs.

BULLETIN NO. 66

315

Figure 162. Spring Creek Springs Group (photo by J. Stevenson).
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

316

Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter

Field Measures

Temperature 19.5 22.0 21.7 - 21.6 -

DO - - 1.45 - 1.45 -

pH 8.0 7.0 7.07 - 7.23 -

Sp. Cond. 4300 4390 E - E -

Lab Analytes

BOD - - 0.2 AU - 0.2 U -

Turbidity - 2 1 - 0.65 -

Color 60 200 5 - 5 -

Alkalinity 110 67 126 126 125 125

Sp. Cond. - - 16000 - 10000 A -

TDS - - 9340 A - 5650 -

TSS - - 10 I - 5 I -

Cl 1200 1200 5300 5300 3200 3100

SO4 200 360 730 730 450 440

F 0.4 0.3 0.32 0.33 0.27 0.26

Nutrients

TOC - 13 3.3 I - 3.7 I -

NO3 + NO2 0.18 0.06 0.2 0.21 J 0.22 0.22 J

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.086 0.082 A 0.017 I 0.17

TKN - - 0.36 0.32 J 0.27 0.45 J

P - 0.04 0.044 0.035 0.035 0.03

PO4 - 0.03 0.035 - 0.03 -

Metals

Ca 80 55 141 142 A 102 99.8

K 26 40 106 97.6 69.1 59.5

Na 710 730 2770 2660 1880 1660

Mg 92 89 351 331 225 204

Al - - - 75U - 100I

As - 6 3U 3U 3U 3U

B - 220 1270 - 829 -

Cd - 1 0.75 U 0.75 U 0.75 U 0.75 U

Co - - 0.75 U - 0.75 U -

Cr - 0 2 U 0.5 U 2 U 0.5 U

Cu - 10 3.5 I 2.5 U 2.5 U 2.5 U

Fe - 300 110 I 35 U 150 35 U

Mn - 40 11.9 9.5 12.6 3.6

Ni - - 2 U 2 U 2 U 2 U

Pb - 4 5 U 4 U 5 U 4 U

Se - - 4 U 4 U 4 U 4 U

Sn - - 10 U - 10 U -

Sr - 800 2110 - 1360 -

Zn - 10 25 U 14 U 25 U 5 U

E=instrument error

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=exceeding holding time limit

No. 2

Analytes 1972 1973 2001 2001

No. 1

Table 200. Spring Creek Springs Group water quality analysis.
SPRING CREEK NO. 1 (MAIN) - Lat. 30° 04’ 48.64” N., Long. 84° 19’ 47.31” W. Spring

Creek No. 1 has a voluminous boil that discharges from a 30 ft (9.1 m) wide cavern in limestone against a seawall northwest of the old Spear’s Seafood Warehouse and adjacent to the

dock of the ice house. The spring pool measures 153 ft (46.6 m) north to south and 150 ft

(45.7 m) east to west. The depth measured over the vent is 43 ft (13.1 m). Water had slight

cloudiness and was somewhat tannic during the October 2001 visit. Algae and a thin layer

of silt cover the limestone substrate. Bottom of pool and short spring run are sand and limestone. At low tide, the boil is tremendous, and the current leading into the estuary is swift.

At high tide, a boil is often not present. There is a conspicuous drainage pipe discharging

directly into the spring pool on the northeast side. High ground to northeast harbors Spring

Creek community.

SPRING CREEK NO. 2— Lat. 30° 04’ 54.43” N., Long. 84° 19’ 47.63” W. Spring Creek No.

2 is located approximately halfway up a 1,000 ft (304 m) long channel that empties into the

east side of Spring Creek north of Rise No. 1. It also has a voluminous boil. Its pool measures 150 ft (45.7 m) north to south and 120 ft (36.6 m) east to west. The depth over the vertical opening in limestone from which water boils measures 75 ft (22.9 m) deep. Its discharge flows southwest into Spring Creek. Current is greatest at low tide. The water had

slight cloudiness and was somewhat tannic during the October 2001 visit. The spring run

has a sand and clay-scoured bottom with abundant limestone boulders. Other spring runs

enter into the spring pool from the northeast and east. The surrounding land is brackish

marsh and coastal hardwood-palm hammock. Spring Creek community borders the south

side of pool.

Utilization-Spring Creek and its springs are regularly used fishing sites. Land near the

springs is part of the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, except for private lands associated with the village of Spring Creek.

Discharge - 

May 30, 1974 2000 ft3

/s(1)

Nov. 1, 1996 307 ft3/s (from Davis, 1996)

BULLETIN NO. 66

317

Analyte No. 1 No. 2

Escherichia coli 1 KQ 1AQ

Enterococci 1 KQ 1AQ

Fecal Coliform 1 KQ 1AQ

Total Coliform 10Q 10AQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100ml)

Table 201. Spring Creek Springs Group bacteriological analysis.
Wakulla Spring

Location-Lat. 30° 14’ 06.64” N., Long. 84° 18’ 09.21” W. (SW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 11, T. 3 S.,

R. 1 W.). Wakulla Spring is located in Wakulla Springs State Park about 20 miles (32.2 km)

south of Tallahassee. From the US 319 (Thomasville Road) exit on I-10 take Capital Circle

(US 319) south 12.9 miles (20.8 km). Turn south (right) on US 319/SR 61 (Crawfordville

Highway) and travel 1.9 miles (3.1 km). Bear left on SR 61 (Wakulla Springs Road) and go

7.6 miles (12.1 km) to SR 267. Turn east (left) and park entrance is 0.1 miles (0.2 km) on the

south side of the road. The spring vent is located below the diving platform, northeast of the

parking area.

Description-Wakulla Spring is one of the largest and most dramatic of Florida’s springs.

The spring pool is roughly circular with a diameter of 315 ft (96 m) north to south. The maximum pool depth is 185 ft (56.4 m). The vent opening is a horizontal ellipse along the south

side of the pool bottom and is estimated to measure 50 ft by 82 ft (15.2 m by 25 m). Along

with a few smaller springs nearby, including Sally Ward Spring, Wakulla Spring gives rise

to the clear Wakulla River. Water clarity of the spring in October 2001 was exceptional and

the water was light blue. It should be noted that the water clarity of the spring varies dramatically in response to rainfall. Surface water entering the sinkholes that connect to the

Wakulla Spring system greatly reduces the clarity. Exotic aquatic vegetation once covered

much of the spring pool and adjacent river bottom, but divers have recently removed large

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

318

Figure 163. Wakulla Spring (photo by T. Scott).
amounts and herbicides have been used in efforts to control it. The Wakulla River remains

choked with exotic invasive plants. Many other aquatic and emergent plant species also are

present in the spring pool and river. A mixed hardwood, cabbage palm, and cypress forest

inhabits lowlands along the north and east shores of the spring and along the river.

Uplands along the western shore of the spring are developed into a state park lodge and

facilities. Also, there are hardwoods and large loblolly pines scattered about. A major underwater cave system has been mapped at Wakulla Springs.

Utilization — Wakulla Spring is developed into a recreational and wildlife viewing area.

The park has a lodge and restaurant. There are regular glass-bottomed riverboat and spring

tours, and swimming is allowed in the southeast quadrant of the spring pool. The upper 3

miles (4.8 km) of the Wakulla River is state-owned and is a protected wildlife sanctuary.

BULLETIN NO. 66

319

Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter

Field Measures Metals

Temperature - 22.8 20.5 21.2 - Ca 39 38 39 44.5 A 45.1

DO - - 3.2 2.39 - K - 0.5 0.3 0.58 A 0.61

pH - 7.9 7.3 7.2 - Na 5.7 4.0 3.7 4.99 A 5.01

Sp. Cond. - 277 279 328 - Mg 9.6 9.5 8.7 10.4 A 10.6

Lab Analytes As - - 0 3 U 3 U

BOD - - 0.4 0.2 AU - Al - - - - 75 U

Turbidity - - 1 0.05 U - B - - - 30 U -

Color - 0 0 5U - Cd - - 0 0.75 U 0.5 U

Alkalinity - - 130 146 148 Co - - 0 0.75 U -

Sp. Cond. - - - 360 - Cr - - 0 2 U 2 U

TDS - - - 183 - Cu - - 0 2 U 2 U

TSS - - - 4U - Fe - - 10 25 U 20 U

Cl 8 5.1 3.4 7.8 7.8 A Mn - - 10 0.5 U 0.5 U

SO4 11 9.3 17 9.4 9.5 A Ni - - - 2 U 2 U

F - 0.1 0.3 0.13 0.12 Pb - - 3 5 U 3 U

Nutrients Se - - - 3.5 U 3.5 U

TOC - - 0 1U - Sn - - - 7U -

NO3 + NO2 - - 0.25 0.99 J 0.96 Sr - - 110 83.8 A -

NH3 + NH4 - - - 0.01 U 0.01 U Zn - - 20 4 U 3.5 U

TKN - - - 0.06 U 0.06 U

P - - 0.04 0.032 0.03 A

PO4 - - 0.03 0.03 -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value shown is less than the practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Q=exceeding holding time limit

Analytes 1924 1946 2001 1972 2001 1972 Analytes 1946 1924

Table 202. Wakulla Spring water quality analysis.
Discharge- Wakulla Spring has the greatest known range in discharge among Florida’s

springs (Rosenau et al., 1977). All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

Average 1907 – 1974 390(1)

Maximum (April 11, 1973) 1910(1)

Minimum (June 18, 1931) 25.2(1)

September 27, 2001 128.9(3)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

320

Analyte Value

Escherichia coli 1 KQ

Enterococci 1 KQ

Fecal Coliform 1 KQ

Total Coliform 1 KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 203.- Wakulla Spring bacteriological analysis.
WALTON COUNTY

BULLETIN NO. 66

321

Figure 164. Spring visited by FGS in Walton County.
Morrison Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 39’ 28.38” N., Long. 85° 54’ 14.18” W. (SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 23, T. 3

N., R. 17 W.). Morrison Spring is approximately 4.9 miles (7.9 km) southeast of Ponce de

Leon. From I-10 just south of Ponce de Leon, travel 3.7 miles (6 km) south on SR 81. Turn

east (left) on SR 181 and travel 1.7 miles (2.7 km). Turn south (right) on SR 181 A. Travel

0.5 miles then turn east (left) into the park.

Description – Morrison Spring occupies a large, bowl-shaped depression and forms a circular spring pool with a diameter of 300 ft (91.4 m). The vent is near the center of the pool

at a depth of 46 ft (14 m). The bottom is sand except near the vent where limestone is

exposed. The water is light blue and slightly turbid with a prominent boil on the pool surface. However, cave divers report that the water is crystal clear in the cavern and cave system. There is abundant aquatic vegetation and very little algae. The spring run is 150 ft

(45.7 m) wide and slow-moving. It flows approximately 0.7 miles (1.1 km) southeastward

into the murky Choctawhatchee River. When the river is in flood stage, river water reportedly backs up into the spring pool. On the south side of the spring run, approximately 300

ft (91.4 m) downstream from the pool, high ground meets the run’s shore and rises steeply

to 15 ft (4.6 m) above the water. The spring and its run are within the western lowland

floodplain of the Choctawhatchee River, in a dense gum and cypress forest. A house and picnic pavilion are east of the spring pool, and a cleared swath leads from the pavilion down to

the water’s edge. Rosenau et al. (1977) report that there are 3 cavities at the bottom of the

spring pool. One of those cavities reaches an eventual depth of 300 ft (91.4 m). 

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

322

Figure 165. Morrison Spring (photo by R. Means).
Utilization – The spring is a private park operated primarily for swimming and scuba diving.

Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3/s.

May 27, 1942 121(1) (Measured under poor conditions)

December 9, 1946 89(1)

November 5, 1963 54.9(1)

April 19, 1972 62.2(1)

September 6, 2002 62.85(2)

BULLETIN NO. 66

323

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21 Ca 30 30.2A 30.8

DO 3.5 K 0.4 0.57 0.55

pH 7.8 Na 1.8 2.1I 1.7I

Sp. Cond. - Mg 7.4 7.7A 8.1

Lab Analytes Al - - 75U

BOD 0.2 - 0.2AU As 0 3U 3U

Turbidity 1 - 0.05U B 60 - 15U

Color 0 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 110 - 114.0 Co 0 - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 240 200.0 - Cr 0 2U 2U

TDS 119 - 115.0 Cu 10 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 35U

Cl 2.5 - 2.5 Mn - 0.5U 0.5U

SO4 2.4 - 3.3 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0.1 - 0.07I Pb 5 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.2

TOC 0 - 1U Ra-228 - - 1.0

NO3 + NO2 as N 0.13 - 0.15 Se - 4U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 10U

TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 70 - 57.9

P - 0.025 0.026 Zn - 1.5U 2U

PO4 0.02 0.029Q -

NO3 0.13 - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

212

19.90

3.00

7.51

2002 Analytes Analytes 2002 1972 1972

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 205. Morrison Spring bacteriological analysis.

Table 204. Morrison Spring water quality analysis.
WASHINGTON COUNTY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

324

Figure 166. Springs visited by FGS in Washington County.
Beckton Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 38’ 55.13” N., Long. 85° 41’ 37.19” W. (NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 24, T. 3

N., R. 15 W.). Beckton Spring is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Vernon.

From the intersection of SR 79 and SR 277 in Vernon turn east then northeast on SR 277.

Drive 2.2 miles (3.5 km) to Culpepper Lane. Turn northwest (left) on Culpepper Lane and

go 0.3 miles (0.5 km) to Big Pine Lane. Turn northwest (left) and go 0.2 miles (0.3 km) to the

boat landing. The spring run flows 825 ft (251 m) into Holmes Creek from the northwest, 0.4

miles (0.6 km) downstream from the Big Pine Lane boat ramp. The spring is approximately

0.1 miles (0.2 km) up the spring run. Beckton Spring is surrounded by private property.

Description – Beckton Spring has a nearly circular spring pool measuring 180 ft (54.9 m)

north to south and 159 ft (48.5 m) east to west. It occupies a bowl shaped depression, and

the vent is located in the center of the pool where the depth used to be 20.0 ft (6.1 m). The

spring has been deepened to approximately 36 feet (11 m). The bottom is sand with some

limestone exposed at the vent. The boil in the center is small, but noticeable. A side channel of Holmes Creek enters the east side of the pool. Holmes Creek is typically darker and

more turbid, and the two waters mix into a swirl of clear spring water and cloudy creek

water within the spring pool. There is little aquatic vegetation in the spring pool, but grasses and plants are scattered throughout the spring run. There is an old boat ramp on the

northwest side of the spring pool. Beckton Spring discharges through a spring run that is

BULLETIN NO. 66

325

Figure 167. Beckton Spring (photo by H. Means).
clear and shallow, averaging about 2 ft (0.6 m) deep. The run flows south approximately 900

ft (274.3 m) into Holmes Creek. High ground borders the spring and its run along the west

side. It rises steeply to 12-15 ft (3.7-4.6 m) above the spring eventually leveling to approximately 20 ft (6.1 m). There is a private residence and yard on the hill. The lowland floodplain of Holmes Creek is along the east side of the spring and its run. It is densely forested

with cypress and tupelo.

Utilization – Beckton Spring is surrounded by private land. It is used locally for swimming.

Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

May 26, 1942 49.5(1)

June 6, 1972 33.2(1)

October 21, 1987 23.4(3)

October 20, 2000 25.7(3)

October 25, 2001 30.6(3)

June 10, 2002 26.19(2)

May 15, 2003 22.1(3)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

326

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21.5 Ca 35 33.2 32.9

DO 2.5 K 0.7 0.51 0.52A

pH 8 Na 10 6.8 6.9A

Sp. Cond. - Mg 6.1 5.2 4.9A

Lab Analytes Al - - 75U

BOD - - 1.9 As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 0.65 B - - 15U

Color 5 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 110 - 108.0 Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 275 260.00 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 192 - 125.0 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 36I

Cl 21 - 11.0 Mn - 2.8 4.5A

SO4 - - 1.5 Ni - 2U 2U

F - - 0.056 Pb - 3U 2U

Nutrients Ra226 - - 0.2

TOC - - 1U Ra228 - - 1U

NO3 + NO2 as N 0.18 - 0.29 Se - 0.5U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.023 Sn - - 10U

TKN - 0.06U .06U Sr 190 - 81.2A

P - 0.023A 0.024A Zn - 1.5U 2U

PO4 - 0.024 -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002

19.31

4.88

7.80

1972

237.0

2002 Analytes 1972 Analytes

Analyte Value

Enterococci 14Q

Fecal Coliform 60Q

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 207. Beckton Spring

bacteriological analysis.

Table 206. Beckton Spring water quality analysis.
Brunson Landing Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 36’ 33.22” N., Long. 85° 45’ 30.89” W. (SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 5, T. 2 N.,

R. 15 W.). Brunson Landing Spring flows into the north Holmes Creek from the north 3

miles (4.8 km) southwest of Vernon. From the intersection with SR 277 in Vernon, travel

0.4 miles (0.6 km) north on SR 79. Turn west (left) on CR 278 across from the Holmes Creek

boat ramp and travel for 3.1 miles (5.0 km). Turn south (left) on Dorch Circle and veer left

after 0.1 miles (0.16 km) onto Brunson Landing Road. Follow this road to the boat ramp.

The main spring is located 500 ft (152 m) west of the parking area down a small footpath

through the woods.

Description – Brunson Landing Springs are a group of three springs (Spring Fever website). Two of the springs are seeps and are very shallow, approximately three to six inches

(7.6 to 15.2 cm) deep. The main spring pool is circular with a diameter of approximately 30

ft (9.1 m). The spring occupies a steep-walled, bowl-shaped depression that is 15 ft (4.6 m)

deep over the vent. The spring bottom is mostly soft sand with limestone and some organic

debris. Spring water is bluish and clear. Two small runs exit the spring pool and flow generally southward approximately 350 ft (106.7 m) into Holmes Creek. There is an abundance

of algae in the slow-flowing spring and run. The main spring run averages less than 1 ft (0.3

m) deep and 3 ft (0.9 m) wide. Numerous other small seeps feed into the spring runs. This

spring is situated within the heavily forested floodplain of Holmes Creek.

BULLETIN NO. 66

327

Figure 168. Brunson Landing Spring (photo by R. Means).
Utilization – Brunson Landing spring is undeveloped and used locally for swimming.

There is a platform in a tree over the spring on the south side.

Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3/s

May 21, 2003 5.86(3) combined flow from 3 vents

June 5, 2003 5.55(2) main spring vent only

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

328

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature Ca 35.1A 34.1A

DO K 0.39A 0.39A

pH Na 2.07A 2.11A

Sp. Cond. Mg 5.5A 5.6A

Lab Analytes Al - 10U

BOD - 0.23I As 5U 7U

Turbidity - 0.1 B - 10U

Color - 5U Cd 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity - 107 Co - 2U

Sp. Cond. 215.0 - Cr 2U 2U

TDS - 120.0 Cu 3U 3U

TSS - 4U Fe 10U 28I

Cl - 3.2A Mn 1.1I 1.7I

SO4 - 2.2A Ni 1.5U 2U

F - 0.059I Pb 12U 12U

Nutrients Ra-226 - 0.4

TOC - 1U Ra-228 - 1U

NO3 + NO2 as N - 0.22 Se 15U 15U

NH3 + NH4 - 0.01U Sn - 5U

TKN 0.06U 0.06U Sr - 57A

P 0.027I 0.029I Zn 2U 3U

PO4 0.024 -

NO3 - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

222

20.86

1.25

7.73

2003 Analytes Analytes 2003

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1K

Fecal Coliform 1K

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 209. Brunson Landing Spring bacteriological analysis.

Table 208. Brunson Landing Spring water quality analysis.
Cypress Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 39’ 31.49” N., Long. 85° 41’ 03.74” W. (SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 3

N., R. 14 W.). Cypress Spring is surrounded by private property approximately 3.5 miles

(5.6 km) northeast of Vernon. From the intersection of SR 79 and SR 277 in Vernon turn

east then northeast on SR 277. Drive 2.2 miles (3.5 km) to Culpepper Lane. Turn northwest

(left) on Culpepper Lane and go 0.3 miles (0.5 km) to Big Pine Lane. Turn northwest (left)

and go 0.2 miles (0.3 km) to the boat landing. The spring can be accessed by boat. From the

Big Pine Lane boat ramp, Cypress Spring run enters Holmes Creek from the northwest

approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km) upstream. 

Description – The Cypress Spring pool is roughly circular, measuring 114 ft (34.7 m) north

to south and 132 ft (40.2 m) east to west. The main vent is near the center of the pool with

a depth of 26 ft (7.9 m). At least one other vent is present just 30 ft (9.1 m) downstream.

The spring occupies a conical depression, and limestone is exposed over much of the bottom

with areas of sand. The water is clear and has a light blue color and a large boil is directly over the vent. There are a few small patches of native aquatic grasses and small amounts

of algae. The spring run flows south approximately 1,400 ft (426.7 m) into Holmes Creek.

The run is swift-flowing and shallow, averaging approximately 2 ft (0.6 m) deep, and it often

is wider than the spring pool. A semicircular berm was constructed around the northern half

of Cypress Springs in order to divert the flow of Piney Woods Spring Run downstream of

BULLETIN NO. 66

329

Figure 169. Cypress Spring (photo by T. Scott).
Cypress Springs’ pool for aesthetic purposes. Before the berm existed, Piney Woods Spring

Run entered the northwest side of the spring pool. Now, it enters approximately 30 ft (9.1)

below on the west side through a culvert. There are wooden entry platforms for divers and

swimmers on the northwest side of the pool. The nearest high ground is 450 ft (137.2 m) to

the west and it rises steeply to approximately 25 ft (7.6 m) above the lowlands. A privately-owned swimming and diving recreation area including a residence are to the west.

Cypress Springs is located within the lowland floodplain of Holmes Creek. The surroundings are heavily forested with cypress and tupelo. Cave divers report that the cave system

reaches depths of at least 65 ft (19.8 m).

Utilization - Previously a private diving/swimming concession, the spring is reportedly in

the process of changing ownership in 2004.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

330

Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 20.5 Ca 30 33.2 30.8

DO 4.8 K 0.4 0.34 0.4

pH 7.2 Na 4 2.3I 3.8I

Sp. Cond. - Mg 4.3 4.5 4.5

Lab Analytes Al - - 75U

BOD - - 1.3 As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 0.05U B - - 15U

Color 15 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 94 - 106A Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 195 230.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 113 - 113 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 35U

Cl 4 - 3.1 Mn - 0.5U 0.5U

SO4 0.6 - 1.3 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0.1 - 0.055I Pb - 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.2

TOC - - 1U Ra-228 - - 1.9

NO3 + NO2 as N 0.15 - 0.36 Se - 0.5U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.012I Sn - - 10U

TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 60 - 37.3

P - 0.026 0.023 Zn - 1.5U 2U

PO4 - 0.025 -

NO3 - - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

Analytes 1972 Analytes 2002 2002 1972

206

19.85

4.65

7.77

Table 210. Cypress Spring water quality analysis.
Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

May 26, 1942 85(1)

June 6, 1972 70(1)

June 28, 1987 102(3)

May 24, 1994 79(3)

October 20, 2000 83(3)

October 25, 2001 88(3)

December 9, 2002 104(3)

June 5, 2002 93.26(3)

May 15, 2003 101(3)

BULLETIN NO. 66

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Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 211. Cypress Spring bacteriological analysis.
Washington Blue Spring Choctawhatchee

Location – Lat. 30° 30’ 47.73” N., Long. 85° 50’ 49.87” W. (NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 9, T. 1

N., R. 16 W.). Washington Blue Spring Choctawhatchee is surrounded by private land, 5.5

miles (9 km) northwest of Ebro. The spring run enters the Choctawhatchee River from the

east side. The spring is accessible by boat. From the intersection of I-10 and SR 79 travel

south 17.5 miles (28.2 km) to New Hope. At the intersection of SR 79 and CR 284 in New

Hope, drive west (right) on CR 284 for 3.8 miles (6.1 km) and turn south (left) onto CR 284A.

Travel 3.6 miles (5.8 km) ending at a boat ramp on Holmes Creek. From the boat landing

head downriver approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the confluence with the Choctawhatchee

River. The spring is 0.9 miles (1.4 km) upstream of the confluence.

Description – The Washington Blue Spring Choctawhatchee spring pool is nearly circular

and measures 111 ft (33.8 m) in diameter from north to south. The vent is near the center

of the pool and discharges from a fissure beneath a limestone ledge. The ledge has prominent bedding planes, and the limestone is soft and chalky. The depth measured near the

vent is 22 ft (6.7 m). The water is clear and bluish and there is a large boil on the pool surface. Aquatic plants occur within the spring pool. High ground borders the south side of the

pool and rises steeply to approximately 20 ft (6.1 m) above the water surface, forming a bluff

face with limestone and clay cropping out. A mixed pine and hardwood forest covers the

high ground. This region has changed considerably since the USGS topographic maps were

updated. The spring run used to flow into lower Holmes Creek in the 1970’s. The

Choctawhatchee River has since migrated eastward and captured Boynton Cutoff and lower

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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Figure 170. Washington Blue Spring Choctawhatchee (photo by R. Means).
Holmes Creek. Holmes Creek’s confluence with the Choctawhatchee River is presently farther upstream than the 1982 7 1/2 minute topographic maps depict. The wide spring run

flows a total distance of 0.9 miles (1.4 km) southwestward entering the Choctawhatchee

River from the east approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) downstream from the mouth of Holmes

Creek. Deadhead logs, old docks and vessel remains from turn-of-the 19th century logging

industry are abundant in and along spring run. Exotic aquatic vegetation is present in the

spring run. Apple snails also are common. There may be additional springs along the spring

run approximately 500 ft (152.4 m) downstream where the run widens and there are deep

circular pools along the run; however, there was no visible flow from these pools in August

2002. The authors also heard reports of a spring approximately 0.25 miles (0.4 km) north of

the spring run within Mill Lake. Flow from Mill Lake enters the spring run from the north

0.4 miles (0.6 km) downstream from Washington Blue Spring Choctawhatchee. The spring

and its run are within the lowland floodplain of the Choctawhatchee River. This floodplain

supports a mature cypress and tupelo forest.

Utilization - The spring is undeveloped and surrounded by private land. It is used locally

for swimming.

BULLETIN NO. 66

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Dissolved Total Dissolved Total

Field Measures Metals

Temperature 21 Ca 20 21.3 21.6

DO 1.4 K 0.4 0.26 0.24

pH 7.9 Na 1.5 1.9I 1.5I

Sp. Cond. - Mg 2.6 2.6 2.8

Lab Analytes Al - - 75U

BOD - - 0.2U As - 3U 3U

Turbidity - - 0.05U B - - 15U

Color 5 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U

Alkalinity 60 - 68A Co - - 0.75U

Sp. Cond. 125 130.0 - Cr - 2U 2U

TDS 94 - 71 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U

TSS - - 4U Fe 10 35U 35U

Cl 2.4 - 2.1 Mn - 0.5U 0.97I

SO4 0.4 - 1.5 Ni - 2U 2U

F 0.1 - 0.05U Pb - 3U 5U

Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.1U

TOC - - 1U Ra-228 - - 1.1

NO3 + NO2 as N - - 0.054 Se - 4U 4U

NH3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 10U

TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 40 - 47.2

P - 0.017 0.016 Zn - 1.5U 2U

PO4 - 0.016 -

NO3 - - -

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

21.04

0.71

7.79

132

2002 2002 Analytes 1975 Analytes 1975

Table 212. Washington Blue Spring Choctawhatchee water quality analysis.
Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s

October 15, 1941 36(1) (estimate)

May 26, 1942 32(1)

December 16, 1946 51(1)

June 7, 1972 44(1)

September 4, 2002 39.62(2)

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Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 213. Washington Blue Spring Choctawhatchee bacteriological analysis.
Washington Blue Springs Econfina

Location – Lat. 30° 27’ 10.16” N., Long. 85°

31’ 49.33” W. (SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 27, T. 1

N., R. 13 W.). Washington Blue Springs

Econfina is located on NWFWMD land 23

miles (37 km) southwest of the US 231

(Cottondale) exit on I-10. The area is managed as a weekend campground and access

may be obtained by calling the NWFWMD

district office. Travel south approximately

23 miles (37 km) on US 231 from the I-10 exit

to the intersection with SR 20. Turn west

(right) on SR 20 and travel 5.8 miles (9.3

km). Turn north (right) on Blue Springs

Road and travel 1.3 miles to the gated

entrance on the left.

Description –Washington Blue Springs

Econfina emerges as two small boils from the

base of a limestone bluff. Spring water flows

southwest into a shallow pool that is 57 ft

(17.4 m) north to south and 105 ft (32 m) east

to west. The pool averages approximately 2 ft

(0.6 m) deep, and is virtually indistinguishable from the upper spring run. Water quality samples were taken at the vent in the

northeast end of the pool. The water is clear

with a light greenish hue. The spring pool

has native aquatic vegetation, a sand bottom, and some algae are present. The northern half of the spring pool area has a concrete retaining wall and steps leading into the

water. The run flows generally from northeast to southwest approximately 500 ft (152.4 m)

into Econfina Creek. Approximately 150 ft (46 m) downstream from Washington Blue

Spring Econfina, another tributary spring, called Washington Blue Spring Econfina No. 2,

flows in from the north. The small spring run is 200 ft (61 m) long and flows south into

Washington Blue Springs Econfina Run. Spring No. 2 spring emerges as a clear stream

from the base of a 15 ft (5 m) high bluff. There is also another spring associated with this

cluster of springs called Washington Blue Springs Econfina No. 3, reportedly downstream

along Washington Blue Spring Econfina Run, but this was not visited by the authors.

Springs Fever website has a map of the spring distribution at Washington Blue Springs

Econfina. North of Washington Blue Springs Econfina, high ground rises steeply to approximately 15 ft (4.6 m) above the water level. This high ground is developed into a recreation

area. Toward the north and east is mixed hardwood and pine forest. Westward toward

Econfina Creek is mixed hardwood and cypress swamp forest.

Utilization – The area is managed by NWFWMD as a weekend campground and use area

by reservation only.

BULLETIN NO. 66

335

Figure 171. Washington Blue Spring

Econfina (photo by R. Means).
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

336

Dissolved Total

Field Measures

Temperature 21 21 21.0

DO - 3 3.3

pH 7.5 7.7 7.9

Sp. Cond. - - -

Lab Analytes

BOD ---- 0.2U

Turbidity - - - -0.2

Color 2 10 5 - 5U

Alkalinity 52 49 - 55.0

Sp. Cond. 95 115 105 120.0 -

TDS 60 75 54 - 62.0

TSS - - - -4U

Cl 1.5 2 1.5 - 1.8I

SO4 2 0 0.8 - 2.1

F 0.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.05U

Nutrients

TOC - - - - 1U

NO3 + NO2 as N - 0.06 - 0.14

NH3 + NH4 - - - - 0.025

TKN - - - 0.06U 0.06U

P - - - 0.012A 0.014

PO4 - - - 0.014 -

NO3 0 - ---

Metals

Ca 18 17 16 18 16.8A

K 0 0.2 0.3 0.16 0.16A

Na 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1I 1I

Mg 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 2.9A

Al - - - -75U

As - - - 3U 3U

B ---- 15U

Cd - - - 0.5U 0.5U

Co ---- 0.75U

Cr - - - 2U 2U

Cu - - - 3.5U 3.5U

Fe - - - 35U 35U

Mn - - - 0.5U 1.3I

Ni - - - 2U 2U

Pb - - - 3U 5U

Ra-226 - - - -1.0

Ra-228 - - - -1.3

Se - - - 4U 4U

Sn - - - -10U

Sr - 70 40 - 54.3A

Zn - - - 1.5U 2U

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002 Analytes

117

20.55

2.51

7.94

1962 1972 1975

 -

Table 214. Washington Blue Spring Econfina water quality analysis.
Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

April 10, 1962 12.3(1)

September 11, 1962 10.8(1)

January 29, 1963 12.7(1)

May 28, 1963 11.1(1)

August 28, 1963 12.6(1)

May 16, 1972 14.2(1)

June 13, 2002 7.0(2)

BULLETIN NO. 66

337

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 215. Washington Blue Spring Econfina bacteriological analysis.
Williford Spring

Location – Lat. 30° 26’ 22.39” N., Long. 85° 32’ 51.29” W. (NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 33, T. 1

N., R. 13 W.). The spring is located on NFWMD land 23 miles (37 km) southwest of the US

231 (Cottondale) exit on Interstate 10. From I-10, travel south on US 231 approximately 23

miles (37 km) to the intersection with SR 20. Turn west (right) on SR 20 and travel 7.5 miles

(12.1 km) to Herman Strickland Rd. Turn north (right) and follow the road 0.8 miles (1.3

km) to the gated spring entrance on the right.

Description – Williford Spring has a circular spring pool in a conical depression whose sand

bottom is rippled by issuing spring currents. The pool measures 57 ft (17.4 m) in diameter.

The vent is under a limestone ledge roughly in the center of the pool, and the depth measured over the vent is 10.1 ft (3.1 m). There is a sizeable boil over the vent, and the color of

the water is light blue-green. There is no aquatic vegetation in the pool, and a thin layer of

algae covers less than half of the limestone and sand substrates. A wooden entry stairway

is located on the north side of the spring with erosion control concrete bags on either side.

Williford Spring discharges through a swiftly flowing spring run that travels south for

approximately 443 ft (135 m) into Econfina Creek. There are numerous other smaller

springs that feed into Williford Spring run immediately downstream. Some of these springs

are small trickles from limestone fissures exposed along the banks of the run. To the north

and west of Williford Spring, high ground rises to approximately 15 ft (4.6 m) above the

water surface. There is a small, cleared parking and picnic area on the adjacent north side

of the spring. A lowland forest of hardwoods, cypress and palms hugs the spring and its run.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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Figure 172. Williford Spring (photo by R. Means).
BULLETIN NO. 66

339

Dissolved Total

Field Measures

Temperature 21.1 22.2 22.0

DO - - 2.9

pH 7.2 7.5 7.6

Sp. Cond. - - -

Lab Analytes

BOD ---- 0.2U

Turbidity ---- 0.05U

Color 0 - 10 - 5U

Alkalinity - - 62-65

Sp. Cond. 150 128 145 140.0 -

TDS 88 - 73 - 69.0

TSS - - - -4U

Cl 3.0 2.0 3.0 - 2.3I

SO4 0.0 - 0.0 - 1.4

F 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.05U

Nutrients

TOC - - - -1U

NO3 + NO2 as N - - 0.10 - 0.075

NH3 + NH4 --- - 0.014I

TKN - - - 0.06U 0.06U

P - - - 0.016A 0.019

PO4 --- 0.014 -

NO3 0.00 - 0.44 - -

Metals

Ca 28 - 21 21.5 20.2

K 0.3 - 0.2 0.28 0.28

Na 1.7 - 1.3 1.3I 1.3I

Mg 2.4 - 2.7 2.9 2.8

Al - - - -75U

As - - - 3U 3U

B ---- 15U

Cd - - - 0.5U 0.5U

Co ---- 0.75U

Cr - - - 2U 2U

Cu - - - 3.5U 3.5U

Fe - - - 35U 35U

Mn - - - 0.5U 0.5U

Ni - - - 2U 2U

Pb - - - 3U 5U

Ra-226 - - - -0.2

Ra-228 - - - -1U

Se - - - 4U 4U

Sn - - - -10U

Sr - - 60 - 43

Zn - - - 1.5U 2U

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit

I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit

2002 Analytes

135

21.26

0.47

7.88

4/16/1962 9/11/1962 1972

Table 216. Williford Spring water quality analysis.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

340

The surrounding rolling sand hills terrain supports mixed hardwood and pine uplands. A

hiking trail system is along the north side of the spring run.

Utilization – Williford Spring and surrounding uplands are managed by the NWFWMD as

a daytime recreation area accessible by permit/reservation only. For information on access

to the spring, contact NWFWMD.

Discharge – All discharge rates are measured in ft3

/s.

September 11, 1962 31.1(1)

January 31, 1963 32.3(1)

May 29, 1963 31.9(1)

August 27, 1963 31.2(1)

May 15, 1972 26.4(1)

June 13, 2002 25.46(2)

Analyte Value

Enterococci 1KQ

Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) 

Table 217. Williford Spring bacteriological analysis.
SELECTED SPRINGS INFORMATION RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET

For the interested reader, there are sources of information concerning Florida’s

springs on the Internet. These include the following:

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s Springs Website:

http://www.floridasprings.org and http://www.dep.state.fl.us/springs/

Springs Fever: A field and recreation guide to more than 500 Florida springs, by Joe

Follman and Richard Buchanan. This site includes an excellent listing of web links: 

http://www.tfn.net/springs/

Florida State Parks System: www.dep.state.fl.us/parks/index.asp

The Public Broadcasting web site: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/springs/

The Springs of Florida website from Karst Environmental provides numerous links to more

springs information: http://www.floridasprings.com/

Sites related to cave diving contain significant amounts of springs information:

http://www.cavediver.net/springs/spring_frm.htm

http://www.floridacaves.com/

http://www.mejeme.com/dive/index.html

http://underwaterflorida.homestead.com/springs.html

Link to Florida Geological Survey’s Springs of Florida Bulletin on-line:

http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/springs_of_fl/aaj7320/content.html

Link to Florida Springs Map and Guide: http://www.floridasprings.net

Florida Springs Database: http://www.thiswaytothe.net/springs/index.shtml

Links to Water Management District sites:

http://www.state.fl.us/nwfwmd/

http://www.sjrwmd.com/

http://www.srwmd.state.fl.us/

http://www.swfwmd.state.fl.us/

http://www.sfwmd.gov

BULLETIN NO. 66

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FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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water-quality data for the Ichetucknee springshed: SDII report to Suwannee River

Water Management District, 15 p.

Upchurch, S.B., Hornsby, D., Ceryak, R. and Zwanka, W., 2001, A strategy for the characterization of first magnitude springs: Suwannee River Water Management District,

WR01/02-01, 86 p.

Waller, B.I., 1983, Florida Anthropologist interview with Ben Waller, The Florida.

Anthropologist, v. 36, p. 31-39.

Watershed Monitoring Data Management Section, Florida Department of Environmental

Protection, 1991, Springs initiative monitoring standard operating procedures, 21 p.

Wilson, W. L., and Skiles, W. C., 1989, Partial reclassification of first-magnitude springs in

Florida: in: Beck, B. F., (ed.), The proceedings of the 3rd multidisciplinary conference on

sinkholes and the environmental impacts of karst: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 65-72.

Yobbi, D. and Knochenmus, L., 1989, Effects of river discharge and high-tide stage on salinity intrusion in the Weeki Wachee, Crystal, and Withlacoochee River estuaries,

Southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey WRI Report, 88-4116, 63 p.

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APPENDIX A

GLOSSARY

The Florida Springs Nomenclature Committee (FSNC) believes that only a minimum

number of terms should be included (see Copeland, 2003). Most definitions used in the glossary were either taken or modified from the following resources: (1) the Lexicon of Cave and

Karst Terminology with Special Reference to Environmental Karst Hydrology (Field, 1999),

(2) the Dictionary of Geological Terms by the American Geological Institute (AGI) (Bates

and Jackson, 1984), (3) the Sinkhole Glossary (SDII Global Corporation, 2002), and (4)

Glossary of Karst Terminology (Monroe, 1970). On occasion other sources were used and are

noted in the glossary. Often, the FSNC made its own definition, or modified definitions from

the other sources. If a definition was generated or significantly modified by the committee,

it appears in the glossary as (Copeland, 2003).

The FSNC believes the meanings of key spring terms and an understanding as to

how they differ are extremely important for the hydrogeology community in its efforts to better appreciate the dynamics of Florida’s springs. These special terms (underlined in the

glossary) are listed below in alphabetical order: 

karst window,

offshore spring, onshore spring,

seep (or spring seep),

spring,

spring group, 

spring magnitude,

spring run,

springshed (or spring recharge basin), and 

vent (or spring vent).

alluvial sinkhole – An alluvial sinkhole is an ancient or relict sinkhole (paleosinkhole) that

has been filled with soil and/or sediment. It may or may not have a surficial expression. See

also paleosinkhole and relict sinkhole (SDII Global Corp., 2002). 

artesian – A modifier that describes a condition in which the potentiometric surface is

above elevation of the top of the aquifer (Modified from Field, 1999). It is synonymous with

confined. 

aquifer – A body of soil, sediment, or rock that is saturated with water and sufficiently permeable to allow production of water from wells (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

blind valley – A stream valley that terminates abruptly at a sinkhole, swallow hole, or

swallet (where the stream disappears underground) (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

caliche – See duricrust. 

cave – A natural underground opening or series of openings and passages large enough to

be entered by an adult person (Modified from Monroe, 1970). 

cavern – A cave or conduit system with larger than average size that has been created by

the dissolution of limestone or other soluble rock (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

cavernous porosity – A pore system having large, cavernous openings; the lower size

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limit, for field analysis, is practically set at approximately the smallest opening that an

adult person may enter (Field, 1999). 

chert – limestone replaced by quartz (silica). Used by Native Americans for a variety of

implements including knives and projectile points. Also known as flint.

“chimney” sink – A cover-collapse sinkhole that forms near a vertical shaft or “chimney,”

typically developing where bedrock is near land surface. These features are common in the

Gainesville area of Florida (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

collapse sinkhole – A type of sinkhole formed by collapse of the cover materials (soil, sediment, or rock) into an underground void created by the dissolution of limestone or dolostone. See rock- collapse sinkhole and cover-collapse sinkhole (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

conduit; karst conduit – Large dissolutional voids, including enlarged fissures and tabular tunnels. In some usage, the term is restricted to voids that are water-filled. Conduits

may include all voids greater than 10 mm (one cm) in diameter, but another classification

scheme places them between arbitrary limits of 100 mm to 10 m. Whichever value is accepted in a particular context, smaller voids are commonly termed subconduits (Field, 1999). 

conduit flow; karst conduit flow – Underground water flow within conduits. Conduit

flow is generally turbulent, but can also be laminar (Field, 1999). 

confined – See artesian. 

cover – Materials consisting of soil, sediment, or rock that overlies the soluble rock (limestone, dolostone, etc.) in a karst terrane. In Florida, the cover includes the sand and clay

deposits that overlie the limestone (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

cover-collapse sinkhole – A sinkhole formed by cover materials (sand, clay, etc.) raveling

into a void in the underlying limestone (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

cover-subsidence sinkhole – A collapse sinkhole that forms when the upper surface of the

limestone is dissolved away, and the cover materials slowly subside to occupy the space once

occupied by limestone. Voids may not be well developed in cover-subsidence sinkholes

because of the continued downward movement of cover materials. See also solution sinkhole

and sag depressions (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

diffuse flow – Ground-water flow conditions that are generally slow-moving, may be laminar (Reynolds number much less than 1.0), have uniform discharge, and a slow response to

storms (Modified from Field, 1999). 

discharge – The rate of flow at a given instant in terms of volume per unit of time (Modified

from Bates and Jackson, 1984). It is synonymous with flux. 

doline – A bowl- or funnel-shaped hollow in limestone topography, ranging in diameter

from a few meters to a kilometer, and in depth up to several hundred meters (Modified from

Monroe, 1970). A doline is synonymous with sinkhole. 

dolostone – A sedimentary rock composed predominantly of the mineral dolomite

(Ca,Mg(CO3)2). While soluble, dolostone is less likely to contain well developed karst features than limestone (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

duricrust – A deposit of precipitated minerals, mainly calcite, formed in the soil or nearsurface layers in arid or semi-arid zones at the horizon where ascendant capillary water

evaporates and salts held in solution are deposited. In Florida, seasonal rainfall and intense

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evaporation may form similar semi-concreted soils within the epikarst (Modified from Field,

1999). 

epikarst – 1. The zone of weathering that penetrates the upper surface of a limestone stratum. Weathering of limestone results in development of rubble, fine-grained, carbonate-rich

silt, clay, and karren (including pinnacles and valleys in the limestone rock surface)

(Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002). 2. An intensely dissolved zone consisting of an

intricate network of intersecting roofless, dissolution-widened fissures, cavities, and tubes

dissolved into the uppermost part of the carbonate bedrock.

The dissolution features in the epikarst zone are organized to move infiltrating water laterally to down-gradient seeps and springs or to collector structures such as shafts that conduct

the water farther into the subsurface (Huntoon, 1995). 

estavelle – 1. A spring that reverses flow because of relative changes in the elevation of

ground-water potentials and stream stage (SDII Global Corp., 2002). 2. An intermittent

spring resurgence or exsurgence, active only in wet seasons (Modified from Field, 1999).

Generally, an estavelle is located near streams or rivers. When the water level of the stream

is high (e.g., during flood stage), surface water directly recharges the aquifer. 

exsurgence – A spring or seep in karstic terrane not clearly connected with swallets (or

ponors) at a higher level (Field, 1999).

fissure – Any discontinuity within the rock mass that is either initially open or capable of

being opened by dissolution to provide a route for water movement. Fissures in this sense,

applied generally in karst, therefore include the primary sedimentary bedding planes as

well as tectonic faults and joints. More specifically, the term has been used to describe voids

with an average width dimension of 10 to 100 mm (Modified from Field, 1999).

fracture – Cracks formed in soils, sediment or rocks by natural stresses. In Florida, many

fractures have been developed to relieve stress caused by Earth tides (SDII Global Corp.,

2002). It is synonymous with joint.

fracture trace – A confirmed pattern observed through remote sensing (aerial photography

or satellite imagery) that owes its origin to jointing or fracturing in the underlying soils, sediments or bedrock. See photolineament (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

groundwater level – the measurement, in feet, of the elevation of the top of an aquifer, as

measured in a network of groundwater monitoring wells and/or supply wells. The level can

fluctuate in response to aquifer recharge and groundwater withdrawals.

grotto – A cave chamber or room preceded by a narrower passage (Modified from Field,

1999).

Hydrilla – an invasive, exotic, aquatic plant that is growing rampant in many springs and

rivers.

hydrogeology – the study of subsurface waters in their geologic context.

impermeable – not permitting the passage of fluids. In the case of geologic formations, an

impermeable layer of earth is one through which groundwater cannot pass.

joint – See fracture. 

karren – Features that develop on the upper surface of a limestone or other soluble rock as

it is weathered. These features are prevalent in the Quilin area in China and in western

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ally buried under the cover materials and consist of pinnacles and depressions in the rock

surface. The depressions may or may not be related to sinkhole activity (Modified from SDII

Global Corp., 2002).

karst – A term describing landforms that have been modified by dissolution of soluble rock

(limestone or dolostone) (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002). 

karst terrane – A terrane, generally underlain by limestone or dolostone, in which the

topography is chiefly formed by the dissolution of rocks, and which may be characterized by

springs, sinkholes, sinking streams, closed depressions, subterranean drainage, and caves.

karst window – 1. A depression opening that reveals portions of a subterranean flow, or

the unroofed portion of a cave (a vertical window). 2. An opening in natural limestone walls,

formed by the joining of subterranean karst grottos as a result of dissolution processes (a

horizontal window). Both terms are modified from Field (1999). Note also that the FSNC

believes that flow through an exposed conduit in the aquifer is different from flow onto the

Earth’s surface. For this reason, the FSNC does not consider a karst window to be a spring.

It is an exception to the definition of a spring (See spring). 

karstic aquifer – An aquifer containing soluble rocks with a permeability structure that

includes abundant interconnected conduits dissolved from the host rock. The interconnected conduits are organized and facilitate the circulation of fluid in the down-gradient direction, wherein the permeability structure evolved as a consequence of dissolution by fluid

(Modified from Huntoon, 1995). 

laminar flow – Flow in which the head loss is proportional to the first power of velocity.

Water flowing in a laminar manner will have streamlines that remain distinct and the flow

direction at every point remains unchanged with time. Darcy’s Law strictly applies under

laminar flow conditions only (Modified from Field, 1999).

limestone – A sedimentary rock primarily composed of the mineral calcite (CaCO3).

Limestone is soluble and often develops karst features when weathered (Modified from SDII

Global Corp., 2002).

magnitude – See Spring magnitude. 

nonartesian - A condition in which the upper surface of the zone of saturation forms a

water table under atmospheric pressure. The term is synonymous with unconfined (Field,

1999).

offshore spring – The point of discharge of the spring is seaward of the mean low-tide

level. 

onshore spring – The point of discharge of the spring is landward of the mean low-tide

level.

overflow stream – A stream valley that is down-gradient of a swallow hole, swallet, or

blind valley and that carries water only when the recharge capacity of the swallow hole is

exceeded. In Florida, the term is sometimes used to identify an overflow, or paleo-overflow,

stream valley (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

paleokarst – This term describes either an ancient karst terrane or the presence of features

associated with an ancient karst terrane. The term is used to describe old sinkholes and

other karst features that are no longer actively forming. In west-central Florida, the term is

used to refer to sinkholes that formed decades to millions of years ago and are no longer

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active (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

paleosinkhole – An ancient sinkhole that is no longer active. See relict sinkhole and alluvial sinkhole (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

photolineament – A natural linear feature on the land surface that has been identified

from aerial photographs or other images. Photolineaments are identified by alignments

within or between lakes and wetlands, sinkholes, stream segments, soils, and vegetation

patterns. Photolineaments are also known as photolinears. Note that photolinears may or

may not represent geologic features, so the term is not synonymous with fracture trace. See

fracture trace (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

pipe – In karst terminology, a semi-circular conduit through which water and soil can pass.

Pipes are often nearly vertical and have steep (nearly vertical) sides (SDII Global Corp.,

2002).

polje – A large flat-bottom sinkhole complex formed by the coalescence of several smaller

sinkholes. Poljes are flat-bottomed because of subsequent sedimentation, usually by a lake.

Payne’s Prairie in Alachua County is an example (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002). 

ponor – Hole in the bottom or side of a closed depression through which water passes to or

from an underground channel (Field, 1999). It is synonymous with swallow hole.

raveling –The process by which water transports soil particles downward into cavities in

the underlying strata. Because sand is typically damp and the grains are angular, in Florida

they do not easily ravel without moving water. Because of their cohesiveness, clay-rich strata are more difficult to ravel than sandy soils (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

relict sinkhole – A relict (or relic) sinkhole is an ancient sinkhole that is no longer active.

It may be expressed as a sinkhole lake, depression in the land surface, or loose soils in the

subsurface. See paleosinkhole and alluvial sinkhole (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

resurgence – re-emergence of groundwater through a karst feature, a part or all of whose

waters are derived from surface inflow into ponors at higher levels (Modified from Field,

1999).

river rise – see resurgence (Field, 1999).

rock-collapse sinkhole – A collapse sinkhole formed when the limestone, or other soluble

rock, cavern ceiling fails and collapses into a void (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

rubble – In the context of karst, rubble describes the gravel-like debris that forms as limestone is weathered (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

sag depression – A sag depression is often the surficial manifestation of a solution or cover

subsidence sinkhole. As the underlying bedrock is dissolved away, the cover materials slowly sag, creating a depression. Owing to the shallow water table, sags often become small, circular wetlands (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

sand boil – A spring in which the vent has been filled in with sand. Spring discharge continuously suspends the sand particles that cover the spring. Thus the spring has a “boiling”

appearance.

seep – 1. To move slowly through small openings of a porous material (Field, 1999). 2. With

regard to springs in Florida, a seep is also a noun that infers one or more small openings in

which water discharges diffusely (“oozes”) from the ground-water environment. Discharge

is from intergranular pore spaces in the matrix and flow is typically laminar.

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seepage – The infiltration or percolation of water through rock or soil to or from the Earth’s

surface and is usually restricted to the very slow movement of groundwater (Field, 1999). 

sink – See sinkhole. 

sinkhole – A landform created by subsidence of soil, sediment, or rock as underlying strata are dissolved by groundwater. Sinkholes can form by collapse into subterranean voids created by dissolution of limestone or dolostone or by subsidence as these strata are slowly dissolved away (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002). 

siphon – 1. In speleology, a cave passage in which the ceiling dips below a water surface

(Monroe, 1970). 2. A flooded cave passage. A gallery (conduit) in the form of a “U” with water

moving only under pressure when the siphon is completely filled (Field, 1999). 3. Site and

origin of an intermittent spring; section of a flooded cave or sump flooded passage (Field,

1999). 

soil piping – Laterally limited, vertical areas of loose soil often caused by downward vertical movement of the soil (raveling). See pipe (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002).

solution sinkhole – Sinkhole formed by the slow subsidence of soil or sediment as the

upper surface of the underlying, water-soluble sediment or rock is removed by dissolution.

See cover-subsidence sinkhole (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

source aquifer – The aquifer from which the water in a spring originates. 

spring – A point where underground water emerges onto the Earth’s surface (including the

bottom of the ocean). The image of a trickle of water springing from a hillside hardly matches that of a vast cave pouring forth a river, but both are called springs. Springs may be

exsurgences or resurgences, depending upon the source of their water. They may also be

part-time exsurgences and part-time resurgences. In some usages “spring” is restricted to

the water that outflows, in other usages the word can refer to the water, the outlet, or the

locality of the outflow (Field, 1999). Note that the FSNC believes that flow through an

exposed conduit in an aquifer is different from flow onto the earth’s surface. For this reason, the FSNC does not consider a karst window to be a spring. It is an exception to the definition of a spring. 

spring boil – Variable discharge from a spring in which hydrostatic pressure is great

enough to cause a turbulent discharge that is visible at the water surface (modified from

Field, 1999). 

spring complex – See Spring Group. The FSNC encourages the use of spring group anddiscourages the use of this term.

spring group – A collection of individual spring vents and seeps that lie within a discrete

spring recharge basin (or springshed). The individual vents and seeps of onshore spring

groups almost always share a common spring run, or a tributary to the run. Spring group

vents and seeps are often spread over an area of several square miles. It should be emphasized that the term spring group will be restricted to those vents and seeps that discharge a

well-defined spring recharge basin. The spring vents or seeps within a springshed may be

referred to as springs. As an example, the Rainbow Springs Group will include several

spring vents that drain the Rainbow Springs Group basin, and discharge into the Rainbow

River spring run. Note that a spring recharge basin is defined only by potentiometric data

and not by chemical or other physical characteristics of the spring discharge. However,

chemical and additional physical data can, and should, be used to better define individual

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spring vent basins within a spring group basin. This type of mapping was conducted for the

Rainbow Springs Group in Marion County by Jones et al. (1996). Not all springsheds have

been mapped. Therefore, if a springshed is not mapped, then it is acceptable to use the term

“springs” to refer to multiple vents discharging into a common spring run. 

spring magnitude – A category based on the volume of flow from a spring per unit time.

Notes regarding magnitude – One discharge measurement is enough to place a spring into

one of the eight magnitude categories. However, springs have dynamic flows. A spring categorized as being a first-magnitude spring at one moment in time may not continue to

remain in the same category. Therefore, the magnitude of the spring is to be based on the

median value of all discharge measurements for the period of record. The median of a set of

scores is the middle value when the scores are arranged in increasing (or decreasing) order

(Modified from Triola, 1998). 

It is recognized that historically, many springs in Florida have kept one magnitude category, even though the discharge may have changed considerably from when it was first

assigned a magnitude. For this reason, a historical category is acceptable in the Florida

Springs Classification System. For example, the discharge of a spring may have been taken

in 1946. At that time it was classified as a first-magnitude spring. No other measurement

was taken until 2001. During that year, three discharge measurements were taken. The

median value of all four measurements reveals that the spring should be re-classified to a

second-magnitude spring in 2001. Nevertheless, it can still be considered a historical firstmagnitude spring. The term “historical” refers to the period of time prior to the adoption of

the Florida Springs Classification System (2003). 

The location of a discharge measurement is critical for defining the magnitude of a spring.

Whenever possible, a discharge measurement should be restricted to a vent or seep.

However, this is often impractical. For example, the only place to take a measurement may

be in a spring run downstream where multiple springs have discharged into the run. For

this reason, whenever a discharge measurement or water sample is taken, the springs

(vents or seeps) included in the measurement need to be reported. The exact location of the

discharge measurement (using a Global Positioning System with approved locational specifications) and a standardized locational reference point for each measurement is encouraged. 

spring pool – A small body of water, either artificially impounded or naturally occurring,

that encompasses one or more spring vents. It contains spring discharge that flows into a

spring run. 

spring recharge basin – Those areas within ground- and surface-water basins that contribute to the discharge of the spring. The position of the divide is orthogonal to isopotential lines. It is synonymous with springshed. Note that the position of the recharge basin

boundary is time-dependent. That is, the boundary is representative of a “snapshot” in time,

rather than permanent. Thus, the boundaries of springsheds are dynamic and vary as a

result of a changing potentiometric surface. If a spring is found to drain one springshed during times of high potentiometry, and another basin during low times, then the spring should

be connected with two spring basins in the spring database.

Whenever practical, descriptive aspects of the recharge basin should be noted in the spring

database. The following are examples. The relative recharge to groundwater within the

basin should be noted. Those portions of the basin where confined and unconfined groundwater conditions exist should also be recorded. Finally, groundwater vulnerability within

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the springshed should be noted if possible. A potential tool to predict vulnerability is the

Florida Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment (FAVA) model (Baker et al., 2002). 

spring run – 1. A body of flowing water that originates from a karst spring (Field, 1999).

2. A stream (river, creek, etc.) whose primary (>50%) source of water is from a spring,

springs, or spring group. For example, the Wakulla River, where the predominant source of

water is from Wakulla Spring, is a spring run. However, farther down stream, where surface water tributaries, contribute 50% or greater of the flow, the Wakulla River is no longer

considered a spring run. A detailed hydrogeologic (e.g., the collection of discharge and seepage data) study may be needed in order to identify boundaries of a spring run.

spring seep – See seep.

spring vent – See vent.

Springs – Multiple spring vents or seeps located in proximity to each other.

The usage of this term is discouraged, but for pragmatic reasons, it cannot be entirely

dropped. For example, several vents may discharge into a common spring run and the collection of scientific data (e.g. water samples or discharge measurements) cannot be obtained

from individual vents located in the run. However, it may be practical to obtain a composite water sample or composite flow measurement representing several vents. Under this situation, the term springs is acceptable. However, a list of each vent or seep represented by

the composite sample should be recorded by the sampler, and ultimately placed into the

spring database. 

steephead – A deeply cut valley, generally short, terminating at its upslope end in an

amphitheater, at the foot of which a stream may emerge (e.g., ocean, lake, river, or stream)

(Field, 1999) . 

springshed – See spring recharge basin. 

subaqueous spring – A spring that discharges below the surface of a water body (Field,

1999). The term infers a pre-existing receiving surface-water body and is synonymous with

submerged. 

submerged – See subaqueous.

submarine spring – See offshore spring.

swallet – See swallow hole. 

swallow hole – A place where water disappears underground in a limestone region. A

swallow hole generally implies water loss in a closed depression or blind valley, whereas a

swallet may refer to water loss into alluvium at a streambed, even though there is no depression (Field, 1999). 

tidal spring – A spring whose discharge is controlled by tidal cycles.

Near the coast, tidal springs may alternately discharge saline and fresh water. Inland, the

pattern of fresh water discharge may simply reflect tidal changes in the potentiometric surface (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

turbulent flow – The flow conditions in which inertial forces predominate over viscous

forces and in which head loss is not linearly related to velocity. It is typical of flow in surface-water bodies and subsurface conduits in karst terranes, provided that the conduits have

a minimum diameter of approximately 2-5 mm, although some research suggests that 5-15

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mm may be more appropriate (Modified from Field, 1999). 

trace – See overflow stream (SDII Global Corp., 2002).

uvala – Large, complex sinkholes with irregular bottoms, formed by the coalescence of several smaller closed depressions. The bottom of an uvala is characterized by multiple sinkholes and an irregular bottom (Modified from SDII Global Corp., 2002). 

unconfined – See nonartesian.

vent – An opening that concentrates ground-water discharge at the Earth’s surface, including the bottom of the ocean. The spring point of discharge is significantly larger than that

of the average pore space in the surrounding rock and is often considered a cave or fissure.

Flow from the opening is mostly turbulent.

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APPENDIX B

FLORIDA SPRINGS LOCATIONS

Appendix B 1

Springs visited by FGS springs teams.
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SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

ALA930971 Spring Alachua 29 49 40.59404 82 38 27.00683

ALA930972 Spring Alachua 29 50 40.78446 82 37 51.08023

BOULWARE SPRINGS Spring Alachua 29 37 15.20674 82 18 25.90535

DARBY SPRING Spring Alachua 29 51 09.41767 82 36 21.46651

GLEN SPRINGS Spring Alachua 29 40 30.04208 82 20 52.43622

HORNSBY SPRING Spring Alachua 29 51 01.27940 82 35 35.52436

MAGNESIA SPRINGS Spring Alachua 29 35 00.26351 82 08 58.53592

POE SPRING Spring Alachua 29 49 32.57677 82 38 56.30233

SANTA FE RIVER RISE River Rise Alachua 29 52 26.01811 82 35 29.89039

TREEHOUSE SPRING Spring Alachua 29 51 17.58982 82 36 10.35691

BLUFF SPRINGS Spring Bay 30 25 30.95551 85 32 54.19590

ECONFINA UNNAMED SPRING Spring Bay 30 25 53.46073 85 32 50.76532

GAINER SPRING #1C Spring Bay 30 25 39.62276 85 32 45.82853

GAINER SPRING #2 Spring Bay 30 25 38.61221 85 32 53.95200

GAINER SPRING #3 Spring Bay 30 25 44.30302 85 32 55.63252

PITT SPRING Spring Bay 30 25 58.67918 85 32 47.14062

SYLVAN SPRINGS Spring Bay 30 25 54.33622 85 32 53.60107

SYLVAN SPRINGS #2 Spring Bay 30 25 53.79535 85 32 50.33000

GROTTO SPRINGS Spring Calhoun 30 35 57.88414 85 09 51.27854

HAMILTON SPRING Spring Calhoun 30 31 09.30846 85 09 47.51557

SALLY SPRING Spring Calhoun 30 34 13.08407 85 10 24.31085

ALLIGATOR SPRING Spring Citrus 28 48 01.61737 82 35 16.71295

BAIRD SPRING Spring Citrus 28 42 26.91486 82 34 41.51827

BAIRD SPRING #2 Spring Citrus 28 42 29.88288 82 34 42.80038

BAIRD SPRING #3 Spring Citrus 28 42 32.85551 82 34 46.71905

BAIRD SPRING #4 Spring Citrus 28 42 33.33298 82 34 48.98521

BANANA SPRING Spring Citrus 28 48 03.63542 82 35 17.43986

BEAR SPRING Spring Citrus 28 48 06.46985 82 35 14.12002

BLACK SPRINGS Spring Citrus 28 52 38.27996 82 35 56.40000

BLUE HOLE SPRING Spring Citrus 28 47 55.63428 82 35 22.33820

BLUEBIRD SPRINGS Spring Citrus 28 47 20.38027 82 34 46.25807

CATFISH SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 52.79993 82 35 56.40000

CHASSAHOWITZKA SPRING #1 Spring Citrus 28 42 58.24206 82 34 30.31907

CHASSAHOWITZKA SPRING #2 Spring Citrus 28 42 57.66401 82 34 31.62518

CHASSAHOWITZKA SPRING MAIN Spring Citrus 28 42 55.86505 82 34 34.33253

CITRUS BLUE SPRING Spring Citrus 28 58 09.60157 82 18 52.34350

CRAB SPRING Spring Citrus 28 43 01.91694 82 34 33.06893

HALLS RIVER SPRING #2 Spring Citrus 28 49 35.68181 82 34 59.62634

HOMASASSA UNNAMED SPRING #1 Spring Citrus 28 47 53.86830 82 35 23.74112

HOMASASSA UNNAMED SPRING #2 Spring Citrus 28 47 52.92319 82 35 22.74140

HOMOSASSA SPRING #1 Spring Citrus 28 47 56.66734 82 35 18.69090

HOMOSASSA SPRING #2 Spring Citrus 28 47 56.64696 82 35 18.78832

HOMOSASSA SPRING #3 Spring Citrus 28 47 56.63299 82 35 18.67376

HOUSE SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 50.27996 82 35 27.60000

HUNTER SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 39.94721 82 35 32.93340

IDIOTS DELIGHT SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 16.62662 82 35 22.03278

JURASSIC SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 42.27223 82 35 23.71117

KING SPRING Spring Citrus 28 52 54.19171 82 35 42.17575

KINGS BAY SPRING #1 Spring Citrus 28 53 17.33734 82 35 23.06303

LITTLE HIDDEN SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 08.81344 82 35 38.62216
BULLETIN NO. 66

361

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

LITTLE SPRINGS Spring Citrus 28 54 01.19048 82 35 43.33308

MANATEE SANCTUARY SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 26.86286 82 35 33.37429

MILLERS CREEK SPRING Spring Citrus 28 54 03.95996 82 36 13.68000

POTTER SPRING Spring Citrus 28 43 53.76119 82 35 47.56254

PUMPHOUSE SPRINGS Spring Citrus 28 47 47.38366 82 35 17.85628

RUTH SPRING Spring Citrus 28 43 56.87501 82 35 42.21258

TARPON HOLE SPRING Spring Citrus 28 52 54.63844 82 35 41.33285

THREE SISTERS SPRINGS Spring Citrus 28 53 19.41119 82 35 21.08767

TROTTER MAIN SPRING Spring Citrus 28 47 47.31958 82 35 11.02787

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Citrus 28 53 01.37159 82 35 43.25219

GOLD HEAD BRANCH Seeps Clay 29 50 30.11996 81 57 14.40000

GREEN COVE SPRING Spring Clay 29 59 36.24158 81 40 40.47755

LAKE LOWERY EAST Seep Clay 29 51 40.12380 81 58 48.40561

LAKE LOWERY NORTH Seep Clay 29 52 17.71784 81 59 17.63200

LAKE LOWRY WEST Seep Clay 29 51 57.68345 81 59 44.23546

WADESBORO SPRING Spring Clay 30 09 26.99993 81 43 21.36000

WW GAY 1 SPRING Spring Clay 30 09 14.46664 81 43 41.50567

WW GAY 2 SPRING Spring Clay 30 09 14.09724 81 43 42.76178

BLUE HOLE SPRING Spring Columbia 29 58 49.90703 82 45 30.37914

CEDAR HEAD SPRING Spring Columbia 29 58 59.87993 82 45 31.32000

COL1012971 Spring Columbia 29 51 24.88338 82 43 47.98160

COL1012972 Spring Columbia 29 51 23.37869 82 43 54.11730

COL101971 Spring Columbia 29 49 55.96126 82 40 09.71116

COL101974 Spring Columbia 29 50 02.39359 82 40 36.04462

COL428981 Spring Columbia 29 51 12.72895 82 36 19.87571

COL522981 Spring Columbia 30 19 15.75973 82 45 21.29422

COL522982 Spring Columbia 30 19 17.26457 82 45 23.50213

COL917971 Spring Columbia 29 55 29.37914 82 46 19.16566

COL928971 Spring Columbia 29 53 10.18590 82 45 05.50717

COL930971 Spring Columbia 29 49 52.19216 82 39 24.26238

COLUMBIA SPRING Spring Columbia 29 51 14.79924 82 36 43.03174

JONATHAN SPRING Spring Columbia 29 50 01.64220 82 40 31.49836

JULY SPRING Spring Columbia 29 50 10.22827 82 41 47.02639

MILL POND SPRINGS Spring Columbia 29 57 59.98198 82 45 35.91104

ROARING SPRING Spring Columbia 29 58 34.37278 82 45 28.35706

RUM ISLAND SPRING Spring Columbia 29 50 00.67261 82 40 47.39167

SANTA FE SPRING Spring Columbia 29 56 05.29573 82 31 49.51351

SAWDUST SPRING Spring Columbia 29 50 24.05018 82 42 12.63676

SUNBEAM SPRING Spring Columbia 29 55 41.13995 82 46 11.33000

WILSON SPRING Spring Columbia 29 54 00.18166 82 45 30.77006

COPPER SPRING Spring Dixie 29 36 50.45069 82 58 25.89046

DIX95971 Spring Dixie 29 42 15.83410 82 57 09.87250

GUARANTO SPRING Spring Dixie 29 46 47.26884 82 56 23.84945

LITTLE COPPER SPRING Spring Dixie 29 38 01.36291 82 58 00.64657

MCCRABB SPRING Spring Dixie 29 41 07.75853 82 57 36.73483

POT HOLE SPRING Spring Dixie 29 48 38.45340 82 56 09.08124

STEINHATCHEE RIVER RISE River Rise Dixie 29 46 11.68370 83 19 30.12578

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Dixie 29 41 10.52030 82 57 35.41763

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Dixie 29 49 09.98 82 56 00.35

POTTSBURG SPRING Spring Duval 30 17 23.99996 81 34 15.24000
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

362

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

MYSTIC Artesian Well Escambia 30 51 29.23726 87 18 49.32000

BEAR CREEK RISE River Rise Franklin 29 58 54.30176 84 27 47.41686

CHATTAHOOCHEE SPRING Spring Gadsden 30 41 50.67820 84 50 55.82004

BELL SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 35 50.79905 82 56 28.21751

CAMPGROUND SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 53 57.44378 82 51 57.94092

DEER SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 50 28.19260 82 42 26.36683

DEVIL'S EYE SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 50 06.57413 82 41 47.72224

DEVILS EAR SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 50 07.25618 82 41 47.76176

DOGWOOD SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 50 17.00300 82 42 06.45613

GIL1012971 Spring Gilchrist 29 51 21.24493 82 43 55.88224

GIL1012972 Spring Gilchrist 29 51 21.77982 82 43 57.75409

GIL1012973 Spring Gilchrist 29 51 22.27194 82 43 58.42096

GIL84971 Spring Gilchrist 29 49 47.50374 82 53 29.18497

GIL928971 Spring Gilchrist 29 52 32.15183 82 45 06.81066

GIL99972 Spring Gilchrist 29 55 51.30746 82 48 08.69692

GILCHRIST BLUE SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 49 47.64094 82 40 58.26536

GINNIE SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 50 10.82130 82 42 00.43704

HART SPRINGS Spring Gilchrist 29 40 32.66692 82 57 06.16075

JOHNSON SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 49 53.39302 82 40 46.95758

LILLY SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 49 46.98134 82 39 40.36496

LITTLE BLUE SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 49 49.14570 82 41 01.78264

LITTLE DEVIL SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 50 04.42810 82 41 49.31750

LITTLE OTTER SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 38 11.10199 82 57 30.33850

LUMBERCAMP SPRINGS Spring Gilchrist 29 42 23.69995 82 56 17.00002

NAKED SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 49 47.70631 82 40 52.58593

OASIS SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 55 32.81873 82 46 49.34863

OTTER SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 38 41.28799 82 56 33.90968

PICKARD SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 49 49.92287 82 39 43.51370

ROCK BLUFF SPRINGS Spring Gilchrist 29 47 56.70244 82 55 07.10573

SIPHON CREEK RISE River Rise Gilchrist 29 51 22.28796 82 43 58.98266

SUN SPRINGS Spring Gilchrist 29 42 17.05266 82 56 00.69796

TRAIL SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 53 54.08930 82 52 00.16615

TWIN SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 50 25.63336 82 42 21.10921

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Gilchrist 29 53 48.59192 82 46 01.67347

ALAPAHA RIVER RISE River Rise Hamilton 30 26 20.28890 83 05 22.42421

HAM1017974 Spring Hamilton 30 25 03.78192 82 57 57.46288

HAM610982 Dry Hamilton 30 25 02.76226 83 12 26.66790

HAM610983 Spring Hamilton 30 25 13.47193 83 12 51.37945

HAM610984 Spring Hamilton 30 26 25.51546 83 13 10.50028

HAM612982 Spring Hamilton 30 28 29.08715 83 14 36.17819

HAM923973 Spring Hamilton 30 25 08.13997 83 08 56.64998

HOLTON CREEK RISE River Rise Hamilton 30 26 16.51193 83 03 27.41134

MORGAN SPRING Spring Hamilton 30 25 12.79996 83 12 26.50000

POT SPRING Spring Hamilton 30 28 14.88900 83 14 03.83680

ROSSETER SPRING Spring Hamilton 30 32 40.78378 83 15 00.20466

SEVEN SISTERS SPRING Spring Hamilton 30 25 02.99993 83 09 19.19002

TANNER SPRING Spring Hamilton 30 27 52.46996 83 13 03.83999

ARIPEKA SPRING #1 Spring Hernando 28 26 18.71084 82 39 31.62071

ARIPEKA SPRING #2 Spring Hernando 28 26 07.06175 82 39 32.15603

BLIND SPRING River Rise Hernando 28 39 28.32178 82 38 04.62095
BULLETIN NO. 66

363

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

BOAT SPRING Spring Hernando 28 26 11.57852 82 39 23.43618

GATOR SPRING Spring Hernando 28 26 02.75456 82 39 05.61341

LITTLE SPRING Spring Hernando 28 30 48.47083 82 34 51.69968

MAGNOLIA SPRING Spring Hernando 28 26 01.93348 82 39 08.95630

RITA MARIE SPRINGS Spring Hernando 28 41 24.53773 82 35 20.10944

RYLES SPRING Spring Hernando 28 41 13.79555 82 36 50.82444

SALT SPRING Spring Hernando 28 32 46.74908 82 37 08.27512

WEEKI WACHEE SPRING Spring Hernando 28 31 01.88591 82 34 23.39828

BUCKHORN SPRING MAIN Spring Hillsborough 27 53 21.81080 82 18 09.79690

CANAL SPRING Spring Hillsborough 28 02 05.22798 82 20 34.88255

DOUBLE SPRING Spring Hillsborough 28 02 10.43941 82 20 37.52772

EUREKA SPRING Man Made Hillsborough 28 00 21.44066 82 20 45.15040

EUREKA UNNAMED SPRING Man Made Hillsborough 28 00 26.72676 82 20 38.59778

LAST SPRING Spring Hillsborough 28 02 02.78866 82 20 33.30366

LETTUCE LAKE SPRING Spring Hillsborough 28 01 05.52659 82 21 00.25600

LITHIA SPRINGS MAJOR Spring Hillsborough 27 51 58.60184 82 13 53.29394

PALMA CEIA SPRING Spring Hillsborough 27 55 18.73560 82 29 17.93494

SULPHUR SPRING Spring Hillsborough 28 01 16.08143 82 27 05.88568

HOLMES BLUE SPRING Spring Holmes 30 51 06.03450 85 53 09.04751

JACKSON SPRING Spring Holmes 30 42 42.03410 85 55 41.01654

PONCE DE LEON SPRINGS Spring Holmes 30 43 16.32590 85 55 50.46575

THUNDERING SPRINGS Spring Holmes 30 55 14.73953 85 53 27.13902

VORTEX SPRING Spring Holmes 30 46 13.98785 85 56 54.50546

BALTZELL SPRING Spring Jackson 30 49 50.15996 85 14 03.84000

BARREL SPRING Spring Jackson 30 35 32.75884 85 10 14.44800

BLACK SPRING Spring Jackson 30 41 55.40302 85 17 40.07576

BLUE HOLE SPRING Spring Jackson 30 49 12.52348 85 14 41.62272

DOUBLE SPRING Spring Jackson 30 42 13.67996 85 18 11.16000

GADSEN SPRING Spring Jackson 30 42 12.08682 85 17 18.42259

GATOR SPRING Spring Jackson 30 46 40.32732 85 10 01.73597

HAYS SPRING Spring Jackson 30 53 42.33124 85 13 28.14546

HIDDEN SPRING Spring Jackson 30 42 20.19996 85 18 26.08999

HILL SPRINGS Spring Jackson 30 39 51.62947 84 55 34.62006

HOLE-IN-THE-ROCK SPRING Spring Jackson 30 47 00.19622 85 09 22.11250

JACKSON BLUE SPRING Spring Jackson 30 47 25.85360 85 08 24.31806

JACKSON BLUE SPRING 

APALACHICOLA Spring Jackson 30 36 59.28347 84 55 19.37320

KING SPRING Spring Jackson 30 38 11.52064 84 55 10.24882

LITTLE LAGOON SPRING Spring Jackson 30 37 14.50376 85 10 02.87490

MAUND SPRING Spring Jackson 30 44 46.71532 85 12 55.79978

MILL POND SPRING Spring Jackson 30 42 13.31996 85 18 27.00000

RACOON SPRING Spring Jackson 30 42 24.56996 85 18 14.87002

ROCKY CREEK SPRING Spring Jackson 30 40 31.24114 85 07 55.38263

ROOKS SPRINGS Spring Jackson 30 41 16.43658 85 14 03.79594

SANDBAG SPRING Spring Jackson 30 47 19.39445 85 13 18.90707

SHANGRI-LA SPRINGS Spring Jackson 30 47 24.59713 85 08 34.38618

SINAI SPRING Spring Jackson 30 39 52.54999 84 54 37.65690

SPRINGBOARD SPRING Spring Jackson 30 42 26.63996 85 18 23.76000

TANNER SPRINGS Spring Jackson 30 49 29.83667 85 19 30.68040

TWIN CAVES SPRING Spring Jackson 30 47 12.88262 85 08 41.77590
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

364

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

WADELL MILL POND SPRING Spring Jackson 30 52 38.28439 85 20 41.64000

WEBBVILLE SPRINGS Spring Jackson 30 50 21.21000 85 20 04.32910

WHITE CAVE SPRING Spring Jackson 30 37 51.86035 84 55 21.86472

BIG BLUE SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 19 39.84154 83 59 05.37889

BRUMBLEY SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 20 41.38685 83 58 51.63330

BUZZARD LOG SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 19 48.49867 83 59 12.80159

CASSIDY SPRINGS Spring Jefferson 30 19 57.79618 83 59 20.53169

GARNER SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 19 49.11654 83 58 59.21861

HORSEHEAD SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 20 41.50061 83 59 40.35473

LITTLE BLUE SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 19 51.03001 83 59 20.53162

LOG SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 20 25.92060 83 59 34.81300

MAGGIE SPRINGS Spring Jefferson 30 20 24.28436 83 58 57.68033

MINNOW SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 19 53.52348 83 59 11.73419

THOMAS SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 20 22.96831 83 59 32.36658

WACISSA SPRING #4 Spring Jefferson 30 20 25.49767 83 59 25.92294

WACISSA SPRING #1 Spring Jefferson 30 20 22.12573 83 59 30.39677

WACISSA SPRING #2 Spring Jefferson 30 20 23.58924 83 59 29.33542

WACISSA SPRING #3 Spring Jefferson 30 20 26.13379 83 59 26.67959

WACISSA UNNAMED SPRING Spring Jefferson 30 18 08.21520 83 58 46.62692

ALLEN MILL POND SPRING Spring Lafayette 30 09 46.22782 83 14 35.05582

CONVICT SPRING Spring Lafayette 30 05 18.02483 83 05 45.48203

LAF57982 Spring Lafayette 30 03 40.23209 83 03 26.53031

LAF718971 Spring Lafayette 29 57 34.11421 82 57 11.94293

LAF718972 Spring Lafayette 30 00 41.85806 83 00 15.33938

LAF919972 Spring Lafayette 30 05 31.72952 83 06 48.07465

LAF922976 Spring Lafayette 30 15 38.05693 83 14 58.86251

LAF924971 Spring Lafayette 30 06 07.96039 83 09 57.99049

LAF929971 Spring Lafayette 30 12 40.60735 83 14 43.44263

LAF929972 Spring Lafayette 30 11 24.34132 83 15 01.50696

LAF929973 Spring Lafayette 30 10 48.03586 83 14 51.87034

LAFAYETTE BLUE SPRING Spring Lafayette 30 07 33.00334 83 13 34.08020

MEARSON SPRING Spring Lafayette 30 02 28.83595 83 01 30.10127

OWENS SPRING Spring Lafayette 30 02 45.39289 83 02 28.06919

PERRY SPRING Spring Lafayette 30 05 47.06556 83 11 17.70104

RUTH SPRING Spring Lafayette 29 59 44.78154 82 58 36.50272

STEINHATCHEE SPRING Spring Lafayette 29 50 28.54568 83 18 29.04944

TROY SPRING Spring Lafayette 30 00 21.69385 82 59 51.00914

TURTLE SPRING Spring Lafayette 29 50 50.61469 82 53 25.02992

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Lafayette 29 53 40.41316 83 14 38.92344

ALEXANDER SPRINGS Spring Lake 29 04 52.68292 81 34 33.18089

APOPKA SPRING Spring Lake 28 33 59.76522 81 40 50.40768

BEAR SPRING Seep Lake 28 39 06.13933 81 43 00.77887

BLACKWATER SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 53 17.12548 81 29 50.83508

BLUE ALGAE BOIL SPRING Spring Lake 28 52 30.37652 81 26 26.32506

BLUEBERRY SPRING Spring Lake 28 51 02.63448 81 26 41.48441

BOULDER SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 52 17.96837 81 27 00.35546

BUGG SPRING Spring Lake 28 45 07.15223 81 54 05.46221

CAMP LE NO CHE SPRING Spring Lake 28 57 08.71600 81 32 31.88220

DROTY SPRING Spring Lake 28 49 41.03508 81 30 37.29701

GREEN ALGAE BOIL SPRING Spring Lake 28 52 32.87694 81 26 24.73411
BULLETIN NO. 66

365

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

HOLIDAY SPRING Spring Lake 28 44 25.44860 81 49 04.68854

LAKE BLUE SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 44 55.14115 81 49 40.11391

MARKEE SPRING Spring Lake 28 52 14.15240 81 27 09.83128

MOCCASIN SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 51 08.20548 81 26 34.45814

MOORING COVE SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 45 00.42131 81 50 01.22777

MOSQUITO SPRINGS Spring Lake 29 02 11.32973 81 26 04.99063

PALM SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 50 37.57891 81 27 00.34247

SANDYS SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 44 42.10472 81 48 35.94629

SHARKS TOOTH SPRING Spring Lake 28 52 23.72635 81 26 24.09781

SNAIL SPRINGS Spring Lake 28 49 25.84384 81 29 11.31756

SUN EDEN SPRING Spring Lake 28 44 39.97698 81 49 11.59727

WOLF HEAD SPRING Seep Lake 28 38 41.86741 81 42 23.74373

HORN SPRING Spring Leon 30 19 08.88884 84 07 43.44719

LEON UNNAMED SPRING #2 Spring Leon 30 16 51.53736 84 08 50.38638

NATURAL BRIDGE SPRING Spring Leon 30 17 06.66470 84 08 49.64183

RHODES SPRING #1 Karst Window Leon 30 17 01.78994 84 09 18.55663

RHODES SPRING #2 Karst Window Leon 30 17 11.25902 84 09 35.83872

RHODES SPRING #4 Karst Window Leon 30 17 00.71419 84 09 26.17790

ST MARKS RIVER RISE River Rise Leon 30 16 33.77096 84 08 56.15862

BIG KING SPRING Spring Levy 29 06 59.12338 82 38 32.13899

FANNING SPRINGS Spring Levy 29 35 15.32191 82 56 07.09559

LANCASTER SPRING Spring Levy 29 11 26.52115 82 59 17.41960

LEV719991 Spring Levy 29 27 03.69954 82 41 43.31526

LEVY BLUE SPRING Spring Levy 29 27 02.68632 82 41 56.27890

LITTLE FANNING SPRING Spring Levy 29 35 11.02801 82 56 07.69423

LITTLE KING SPRING Spring Levy 29 06 39.04787 82 38 52.13515

MANATEE SPRING Spring Levy 29 29 22.20119 82 58 36.73866

WEKIVA SPRINGS Spring Levy 29 16 49.49425 82 39 21.89729

FARA SPRING Spring Madison 30 16 34.43992 83 14 08.94790

LAF922975 Spring Madison 30 15 40.19908 83 14 47.69736

LIVINGSTON SPRING Seep Madison 30 28 34.21996 83 24 39.80891

MAD610981 Spring Madison 30 24 53.86241 83 12 05.32220

MADISON BLUE SPRING Spring Madison 30 28 49.56870 83 14 39.70763

SUWANACOOCHEE SPRING Spring Madison 30 23 12.01740 83 10 18.35922

MANATEE MINERAL SPRING Spring Manatee 27 29 51.40802 82 32 57.03590

BLUE GROTTO SPRING Spring Marion 29 12 54.90590 82 02 59.59133

BUBBLING SPRING Spring Marion 29 06 04.45568 82 26 05.45136

CAMP SEMINOLE SPRINGS Well Augmented Marion 29 30 21.79253 81 57 05.23206

FERN HAMMOCK SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 11 00.86384 81 42 29.50128

INDIAN CREEK SPRING #2 Spring Marion 29 05 35.59200 82 25 15.83720

INDIAN CREEK SPRING #3 Spring Marion 29 05 34.63847 82 25 15.20821

INDIAN CREEK SPRING #4 Spring Marion 29 05 34.81609 82 25 16.22651

JACOBS WELL SPRING Spring Marion 29 12 53.91616 82 03 06.56150

JUNIPER SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 11 01.34171 81 42 44.68090

MORMAN BRANCH SPRING Spring Marion 29 11 32.83310 81 39 27.86598

ORANGE SPRING Spring Marion 29 30 38.34216 81 56 38.65956

RAINBOW BRIDGE SEEPS Seep Marion 29 06 06.93691 82 26 15.79805

RAINBOW CAVE SPRING Spring Marion 29 05 24.88474 82 25 35.23602

RAINBOW EAST SEEP Seep Marion 29 06 09.72821 82 26 14.29706

RAINBOW SEEP #1 Seep Marion 29 06 09.75326 82 26 15.04144
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

366

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

RAINBOW SPRING #1 Spring Marion 29 06 08.91328 82 26 14.87918

RAINBOW SPRING #2 Spring Marion 29 06 08.34505 82 26 14.18438

RAINBOW SPRING #3 Spring Marion 29 06 07.54517 82 26 13.97962

RAINBOW SPRING #4 Spring Marion 29 06 06.86693 82 26 13.77319

RAINBOW SPRING #5 Spring Marion 29 05 54.60688 82 26 10.93715

RAINBOW SPRING #6 Spring Marion 29 05 34.11042 82 25 42.83152

RAINBOW SPRING #7 Spring Marion 29 05 32.12585 82 25 36.36966

RAINBOW SPRING NORTH Spring Marion 29 06 09.70546 82 26 16.36307

RAINBOW UNNAMED SWAMP 

SPRING Spring Marion 29 05 36.49985 82 25 44.31486

RECEPTION HALL SPRING Spring Marion 29 12 52.60666 82 03 05.05098

SALT SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 21 02.35728 81 43 58.05199

SILVER GLEN SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 14 45.03815 81 38 36.50111

SILVER SPRING #1 Spring Marion 29 12 53.50633 82 03 04.73569

SILVER SPRING #10 Spring Marion 29 12 55.49720 82 02 42.52348

SILVER SPRING #11 Spring Marion 29 12 55.58936 82 02 38.06164

SILVER SPRING #12 Spring Marion 29 12 56.97245 82 02 42.01152

SILVER SPRING #2 Spring Marion 29 12 54.42959 82 03 03.41323

SILVER SPRING #3 Spring Marion 29 12 55.39442 82 03 00.69887

SILVER SPRING #4 Spring Marion 29 12 58.17215 82 02 57.09494

SILVER SPRING #5 Spring Marion 29 12 58.00187 82 02 54.58020

SILVER SPRING #6 Spring Marion 29 12 56.03980 82 02 50.67046

SILVER SPRING #7 Spring Marion 29 12 56.14427 82 02 46.91695

SILVER SPRING #8 Spring Marion 29 12 57.73619 82 02 44.98739

SILVER SPRING #9 Spring Marion 29 12 56.16346 82 02 43.83229

SILVER SPRINGS MAIN Spring Marion 29 12 58.34214 82 03 09.47239

SWEETWATER SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 13 07.60094 81 39 35.52840

TOBACCO PATCH SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 25 42.72740 81 55 26.08666

WATERFALL SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 06 05.25528 82 26 08.39040

WELLS LANDING SPRINGS Spring Marion 29 25 15.65587 81 55 10.85120

WILSON HEAD SPRING Spring Marion 28 58 47.14367 82 19 17.27814

SU-NO-WA SPRING Seep Nassau 30 26 17.16518 81 52 59.30782

EGLIN BLUE SPRING Seep Okaloosa 30 38 45.81445 86 27 06.63498

ROCK SPRINGS Spring Orange 28 45 23.20358 81 30 06.24503

SULFUR SPRING Spring Orange 28 46 12.65160 81 30 33.06002

UNNAMED SPRING Seep Orange 28 40 50.29345 81 33 21.42540

WEKIWA SPRING Spring Orange 28 42 42.79147 81 27 37.51506

WITHERINGTON SPRING Spring Orange 28 43 53.72944 81 29 23.66520

CRYSTAL SPRINGS Spring Pasco 28 10 55.92310 82 11 06.53075

HORSESHOE SPRING Spring Pasco 28 23 51.18317 82 41 23.82767

CRYSTAL BEACH SPRING Submarine Spring Pinellas 28 05 03.96406 82 47 05.10911

HEALTH SPRING Spring Pinellas 28 06 23.08536 82 46 20.08888

BEECHER SPRINGS Spring Putnam 29 26 55.16801 81 38 48.70601

FOREST SPRING Spring Putnam 29 27 31.67993 81 39 30.60000

MUD SPRING Spring Putnam 29 27 39.59996 81 39 41.40000

NASHUA SPRING Spring Putnam 29 30 32.75996 81 40 37.20000

SATSUMA SPRING Spring Putnam 29 30 45.35996 81 40 31.79996

WELAKA SPRING Spring Putnam 29 29 40.39415 81 40 23.69773

WHITEWATER SPRINGS Seeps Putnam 29 38 01.31996 81 38 34.44000

WARM MINERAL SPRING Spring Sarasota 27 03 35.64500 82 15 35.83390
BULLETIN NO. 66

367

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

CLIFTON SPRINGS Spring Seminole 28 41 59.53978 81 14 17.22397

ELDER SPRING Seep Seminole 28 44 27.78490 81 17 28.75769

GINGER ALE SPRING Spring Seminole 28 41 33.56891 81 23 27.89736

HARDEN SPRING Man Made Seminole 28 49 16.99759 81 25 00.73049

HEATH SPRING Seep Seminole 28 44 42.69725 81 07 41.34605

LAKE JESSUP SPRING Man Made Seminole 28 42 36.79920 81 16 04.76468

MIAMI SPRINGS Spring Seminole 28 42 36.59591 81 26 34.91135

NOVA SPRING Spring Seminole 28 49 03.02 81 25 06.65

SANLANDO SPRINGS Spring Seminole 28 41 19.32374 81 23 43.06664

STARBUCK SPRING Spring Seminole 28 41 49.24784 81 23 28.21542

FENNEY SPRING Spring Sumter 28 47 41.99129 82 02 17.21058

GUM SPRINGS MAIN Spring Sumter 28 57 31.39798 82 13 53.49317

ANDERSON SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 21 12.27474 83 11 23.01403

BAPTIZING Karst Window Suwannee 30 08 01.90540 83 08 02.96300

BATHTUB SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 05 30.21454 83 05 54.01471

BETTY SPRING Spring Suwannee 29 54 53.19652 82 50 23.84185

BLUE SINK SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 20 08.48569 82 48 30.39404

BONNET SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 07 27.56312 83 08 17.45945

BRANFORD SPRING Spring Suwannee 29 57 17.52527 82 55 42.27175

CHARLES SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 10 02.50997 83 13 49.27001

COFFEE SPRINGS Spring Suwannee 29 57 34.04671 82 46 31.17828

COW SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 06 19.01995 83 06 49.70999

DEVIL'S EYE SPRINGS Spring Suwannee 29 58 25.22532 82 45 36.03208

ELLAVILLE SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 23 04.07800 83 10 21.01832

FALMOUTH Karst Window Suwannee 30 21 40.18723 83 08 05.97030

HIDDEN SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 06 09.37386 83 06 50.39762

ICHETUCKNEE SPRING Spring Suwannee 29 59 03.09750 82 45 42.72664

LIME RUN SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 23 20.38942 83 09 48.11936

LIME SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 23 28.38764 83 10 07.31993

LITTLE RIVER SPRING Spring Suwannee 29 59 48.71054 82 57 58.74329

LURAVILLE SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 07 10.40095 83 10 01.64914

ORANGE GROVE Karst Window Suwannee 30 07 38.13488 83 07 50.74802

PEACOCK SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 07 23.61518 83 07 59.35274

PUMP Sinkhole Suwannee 30 08 19.63928 83 08 06.97474

ROYAL SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 05 01.36334 83 04 29.20753

RUNNING SPRINGS Spring Suwannee 30 06 16.07076 83 06 57.32302

SHINGLE SPRING Spring Suwannee 29 56 03.81646 82 55 13.62360

SHIRLEY SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 12 39.62995 83 14 41.34998

STEVENSON SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 25 01.51997 83 09 10.62000

SUW1017971 Dry Suwannee 30 25 42.43584 83 01 46.56536

SUW1017972 Spring Suwannee 30 25 22.95073 83 00 55.52798

SUW718971 Spring Suwannee 30 03 50.56466 83 03 43.18801

SUW725971 Spring Suwannee 30 03 43.25576 83 03 26.30311

SUW917971 Spring Suwannee 29 55 56.60828 82 48 02.70324

SUW919971 Spring Suwannee 30 05 01.09014 83 05 13.40473

SUW922971 Spring Suwannee 30 17 08.68996 83 13 51.70001

SUWANNEE BLUE SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 04 53.29805 83 04 08.47682

SUWANNEE SPRINGS Spring Suwannee 30 23 40.11979 82 56 04.33547

TELFORD SPRING Spring Suwannee 30 06 25.37824 83 09 56.66105

WALKER Sinkhole Suwannee 30 08 00.64820 83 07 47.22877
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

368

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

BEAVER CREEK SPRING Spring Taylor 29 45 57.41093 83 20 06.17885

BIG SPRING Spring Taylor 29 58 27.36930 83 44 19.79621

BRADLEY SPRING Spring Taylor 29 42 00.16996 83 24 40.06998

CAMP GROUND SPRING Spring Taylor 30 04 04.26511 83 33 13.76330

CEDAR ISLAND SPRING Spring Taylor 29 48 58.72961 83 35 01.97444

EVA SPRING Spring Taylor 29 40 39.76997 83 23 57.31001

FENHOLLOWAY SPRING Spring Taylor 30 04 23.40127 83 40 00.32376

FOLSOM SPRING Spring Taylor 30 06 49.85996 83 34 41.32999

HAMPTON SPRING Spring Taylor 30 04 53.35975 83 39 46.24549

JABO SPRING Spring Taylor 29 52 57.31039 83 37 22.50797

NUTALL RIVER RISE River Rise Taylor 30 09 01.72447 83 57 47.82391

SPRING WARRIOR SPRING Spring Taylor 29 56 06.06628 83 36 35.15659

TAY616992 Spring Taylor 29 54 45.11268 83 39 02.94174

TAY622991 Spring Taylor 29 52 24.79994 83 37 32.59999

TAY69991 Spring Taylor 29 58 11.67114 83 44 43.47150

TAY76991 Spring Taylor 29 40 34.90997 83 23 07.27001

TAY924991 Spring Taylor 30 06 28.64660 83 37 38.61797

TAY924993 Spring Taylor 30 06 29.97432 83 37 41.43925

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Taylor 30 06 25.85866 83 37 35.92492

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Taylor 29 52 24.89995 83 37 33.80002

WALDO SPRING Spring Taylor 30 02 57.04282 83 37 47.73504

WORTHINGTON SPRING Spring Union 29 55 35.78552 82 25 33.30311

DeLEON SPRING Spring Volusia 29 08 03.40811 81 21 45.89417

GEMINI SPRINGS Spring Volusia 28 51 45.97816 81 18 41.05552

GREEN SPRINGS Spring Volusia 28 51 46.03925 81 14 50.92382

SEMINOLE SPRING Well Volusia 28 50 43.78862 81 14 02.65409

VOLUSIA BLUE SPRING Spring Volusia 28 56 50.94154 81 20 22.51824

CRAY'S RIVER RISE River Rise Wakulla 29 59 22.19996 84 24 28.80000

INDIAN SPRING Spring Wakulla 30 15 02.87863 84 19 19.50193

MCBRIDE SLOUGH SPRING Spring Wakulla 30 14 23.93959 84 16 10.43450

NEWPORT SPRING Spring Wakulla 30 12 45.70142 84 10 42.56281

NORTHSIDE SPRING #1 Spring Wakulla 30 14 15.10638 84 16 52.31978

NORTHSIDE SPRING #2 Spring Wakulla 30 14 15.30334 84 16 52.48625

PANACEA MINERAL SPRING #1 Spring Wakulla 30 02 04.85228 84 23 23.63903

PANACEA MINERAL SPRING #2 Spring Wakulla 30 02 04.97922 84 23 24.29398

PANACEA MINERAL SPRING #3 Spring Wakulla 30 02 06.12996 84 23 26.28935

SALLY WARD SPRING Spring Wakulla 30 14 29.08982 84 18 38.87953

SHEPHERD SPRING Spring Wakulla 30 07 31.07993 84 17 07.80000

SPRING CREEK RISE #2 Submarine Spring Wakulla 30 04 54.42470 84 19 47.62675

SPRING CREEK RISE MAIN Submarine Spring Wakulla 30 04 48.63742 84 19 47.30992

WAKULLA NO NAME SPRING Spring Wakulla 30 12 53.33224 84 15 59.41858

WAKULLA SPRING Spring Wakulla 30 14 06.64382 84 18 09.21445

ECUCHEE Seep Walton 30 44 13.63769 86 11 36.57512

EUCHEE Seep Walton 30 44 20.18904 86 12 16.94930

MORRISON SPRING Spring Walton 30 39 28.38082 85 54 14.17759

BECKTON SPRING Spring Washington 30 38 55.12913 85 41 37.18691

BRUNSON LANDING SPRING Spring Washington 30 36 33.22386 85 45 30.88955

CLEMMONS SPRING Seep Washington 30 38 29.09602 85 41 34.67252

CYPRESS SPRINGS Spring Washington 30 39 31.48618 85 41 03.74010

DRINKING SPRING Spring Washington 30 36 44.82670 85 49 23.58433
BULLETIN NO. 66

369

SPRING NAME TYPE COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE

GALLOWAY SPRING Spring Washington 30 35 50.85632 85 50 31.25684

HIGHTOWER SPRING Spring Washington 30 36 18.18864 85 45 55.50811

JACK PAUL SPRINGS Spring Washington 30 36 46.29344 85 44 01.46141

MILLERS FERRY SPRING Spring Washington 30 34 27.77538 85 50 25.72832

PINEY WOOD SPRING Spring Washington 30 39 30.78500 85 41 26.30076

SHELL CRACKER Seep Washington 30 39 04.37544 85 41 14.65876

SKIPPER SPRING Spring Washington 30 34 32.92918 85 50 37.58482

UNNAMED SPRING Seep Washington 30 40 09.90959 85 39 19.72148

UNNAMED SPRING Seep Washington 30 40 07.62715 85 39 20.89912

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Washington 30 34 41.56356 85 50 16.77052

UNNAMED SPRING Spring Washington 30 34 40.58346 85 50 21.17558

WASHINGTON BLUE SPRING 

CHOCTAWHATCHEE Spring Washington 30 30 47.73215 85 50 49.86766

WASHINGTON BLUE SPRINGS 

ECONFINA Spring Washington 30 27 10.16100 85 31 49.32757

WILLIFORD SPRING Spring Washington 30 26 22.38644 85 32 51.29221
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

370
BULLETIN NO. 66

371

Appendix B2

Location of additional known or reported springs

in Florida not visited by FGS spring teams.
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

372

SPRING COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE SOURCE

ALA112971 Alachua 29 51 16.94 82 36 10.59 SRWMD

DEEP SPRINGS Bay 30 30 57.45 85 27 09.86 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1A Bay 30 25 43.11 85 32 46.11 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1B Bay 30 25 43.09 85 32 47.34 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1D Bay 30 25 43.09 85 32 46.5 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1E Bay 30 25 43.15 85 32 47.30 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1F Bay 30 25 43.20 85 32 48.22 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1G Bay 30 25 38.61 85 32 48.47 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1H Bay 30 25 38.59 85 32 49.09 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #1I Bay 30 25 38.55 85 32 51.68 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #4 Bay 30 25 31.48 85 32 54.42 NWFWMD

GAINER SPRINGS #5 Bay 30 25 37.00 85 32 53.96 NWFWMD

SYLVAN SPRINGS #2 Bay 30 26 02.24 85 32 55.13 NWFWMD

SYLVAN SPRINGS #3 Bay 30 25 56.77 85 32 55.77 NWFWMD

HEILBRONN SPRING Bradford 30 01 25.73 82 09 19.99

CRUMBLY SPRING Calhoun 30 35 29.10 85 10 15.77 NWFWMD

PEACOCK SPRING Calhoun 30 32 12.65 85 09 58.77 NWFWMD

WINDOW SPRING Calhoun 30 32 49.18 85 10 05.87 NWFWMD

ABDONEY SPRING Citrus 28 47 48.69 82 35 10.05 SWFWMD

BELCHER SPRING Citrus 28 47 48.29 82 35 10.63 SWFWMD

HALLS RIVER #1 SPRING Citrus 28 49 20.88 82 35 38.21 SWFWMD

HALLS RIVER HEAD SPRING Citrus 28 49 36.51 82 34 49.18 SWFWMD

HIDDEN RIVER #2 SPRING Citrus 28 46 07.01 82 35 03.63 SWFWMD

HIDDEN RIVER HEAD SPRING Citrus 28 46 07.36 82 34 59.69 SWFWMD

MCCLAIN SPRING Citrus 28 47 46.57 82 35 13.90 SWFWMD

TARPON HOLE #2 SPRING Citrus 28 52 53.92 82 35 37.36 SWFWMD

THREE SISTERS #2 SPRING Citrus 28 53 17.20 82 35 23.11 SWFWMD

THREE SISTERS RUN SPRING Citrus 28 53 17.12 82 35 22.30 SWFWMD

TROTTER #1 SPRING Citrus 28 47 46.89 82 35 10.83 SWFWMD

COL101975 Columbia 29 50 01.76 82 40 41.55 SRWMD

COL428982 Columbia 29 49 38.16 82 38 45.68 SRWMD

COL61981 Columbia 29 56 04.00 82 31 49.99 SRWMD

COL61982 Columbia 29 56 17.90 82 31 49.33 SRWMD

GRASSY HOLE Columbia 29 58 05.00 82 45 35.36 SRWMD

JAMISON SPRINGS Columbia 29 55 32.97 82 46 12.44 SRWMD

DIX625991 Dixie 29 43 36.81 83 20 40.73 SRWMD

DIX625992 Dixie 29 43 08.56 83 20 46.36 SRWMD

DIX625993 Dixie 29 40 37.18 83 21 38.96 SRWMD

DIX625994 Dixie 29 40 35.61 83 21 50.51 SRWMD

IRON SPRINGS Dixie 29 40 25.05 82 57 27.33 SRWMD

ROCK SINK SPRING Dixie 29 43 40.45 82 56 57.4 SRWMD

GIL1012974 Gilchrist 29 51 52.13 82 44 24.26 SRWMD

GIL101971 Gilchrist 29 49 56.43 82 40 42.25 SRWMD

GIL107971 Gilchrist 29 53 27.62 82 52 27.00 SRWMD

GIL107971 Gilchrist 29 53 27.62 82 52 27.00 SRWMD

GIL107972 Gilchrist 29 53 56.39 82 51 58.52 SRWMD

GIL729971 Gilchrist 29 53 21.67 82 52 29.88 SRWMD

GIL729972 Gilchrist 29 54 45.95 82 50 12.43 SRWMD

GIL729973 Gilchrist 29 54 48.25 82 50 12.08 SRWMD

GIL917971 Gilchrist 29 54 41.08 82 50 32.46 SRWMD
BULLETIN NO. 66

373

SPRING COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE SOURCE

GIL917972 Gilchrist 29 51 36.98 82 52 46.32 SRWMD

GIL917973 Gilchrist 29 51 31.85 82 52 51.07 SRWMD

GIL928972 Gilchrist 29 52 49.65 82 45 11.91 SRWMD

GIL99971 Gilchrist 29 55 16.79 82 49 26.77 SRWMD

GIL99974 Gilchrist 29 55 06.96 82 46 18.26 SRWMD

HAM1017971 Hamilton 30 25 33.80 83 01 20.89 SRWMD

HAM1017972 Hamilton 30 25 40.47 83 01 40.50 SRWMD

HAM1017973 Hamilton 30 25 23.64 83 00 38.32 SRWMD

HAM1019971 Hamilton 30 23 24.62 82 55 36.60 SRWMD

HAM1019972 Hamilton 30 24 01.29 82 56 36.34 SRWMD

HAM1023971 Hamilton 30 23 10.12 82 54 22.87 SRWMD

HAM522981 Hamilton 30 20 35.32 82 50 29.11 SRWMD

HAM610981 Hamilton 30 24 56.43 83 11 57.74 SRWMD

HAM923972 Hamilton 30 25 08.23 83 08 42.53 SRWMD

LOUISE SPRINGS Hamilton 30 20 47.37 82 49 54.20 SRWMD

WHITE SPRINGS Hamilton 30 19 46.88 82 45 40.06 SRWMD

BEAUFORD SPRING Hernando 28 38 09.82 82 35 47.24 SWFWMD

BETTY JAY SPRING Hernando 28 41 25.39 82 35 29.41 SWFWMD

BLUE RUN SPRING Hernando 28 41 12.50 82 36 05.17 SWFWMD

BOBHILL SPRING Hernando 28 26 04.96 82 38 27.98 SWFWMD

JENKINS CREEK SPRING Hernando 28 31 19.31 82 38 02.64 SWFWMD

MUD SPRING Hernando 28 32 46.98 82 37 29.35 SWFWMD

BOYETTE SPRING Hillsborough 27 51 13.20 82 16 26.52 SWFWMD

BUCKHORN EAST SPRING Hillsborough 27 53 20.67 82 18 05.19 SWFWMD

BUCKHORN SOUTH SPRING Hillsborough 27 53 12.85 82 18 18.76 SWFWMD

BUCKHORN WEST SPRING Hillsborough 27 53 21.14 82 18 16.82 SWFWMD

GREEN SINK Hillsborough 27 52 02.93 82 17 00.84 SWFWMD

LITHIA MINOR SPRING Hillsborough 27 51 55.14 82 13 51.58 SWFWMD

BOSEL #1 Jackson 30 49 50.60 85 14 02.91 NWFWMD

BOSEL #2 Jackson 30 49 50.31 85 14 03.42 NWFWMD

COFFIN SPRING Jackson 30 42 27.52 85 18 23.34 NWFWMD

DANIEL SPRING #1 Jackson 30 56 55.32 85 18 57.74 NWFWMD

DANIEL SPRING #2 Jackson 30 56 56.90 85 18 56.18 NWFWMD

DANIEL SPRING #3 Jackson 30 56 55.61 85 18 53.18 NWFWMD

DANIEL SPRING #4 Jackson 30 56 51.89 85 18 54.51 NWFWMD

DANIEL SPRING #5 Jackson 30 56 50.99 85 18 51.45 NWFWMD

DANIEL SPRING #6 Jackson 30 56 43.75 85 18 46.34 NWFWMD

DANIEL SPRING #7 Jackson 30 56 43.72 85 18 46.09 NWFWMD

DRY CREEK RISE Jackson 30 41 19.07 85 17 27.96 NWFWMD

HAYS SPRING #1 Jackson 30 53 44.79 85 13 30.35 NWFWMD

HAYS SPRING #2 Jackson 30 53 43.66 85 13 29.19 NWFWMD

HELLER SPRING #1 Jackson 30 49 53.13 85 19 37.16 NWFWMD

INDIAN WASHTUB Jackson 30 47 17.02 85 08 42.46 NWFWMD

JORDAN SPRING Jackson 30 46 10.5 85 11 57.31 NWFWMD

MCRAE SPRING #1 Jackson 30 34 09.59 85 10 33.72 NWFWMD

MCRAE SPRING #2 Jackson 30 34 09.59 85 10 33.72 NWFWMD

MCRAE SPRING #3 Jackson 30 34 10.83 85 10 33.89 NWFWMD

MCRAE SPRING #4 Jackson 30 34 12.54 85 10 34.36 NWFWMD

MCRAE SPRING #5 Jackson 30 34 12.54 85 10 34.36 NWFWMD

MCRAE SPRING RESURGENCE Jackson 30 34 10.40 85 10 25.57 NWFWMD
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

374

SPRING COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE SOURCE

ROOKS SPRING #2 Jackson 30 41 17.37 85 14 03.13 NWFWMD

SIMMS SPRING Jackson 30 42 39.09 85 12 24.80 NWFWMD

THE CRACK Jackson 30 42 25.86 85 18 26.48 NWFWMD

UNNAMED SPRING Jackson 30 49 48.90 85 14 11.25 NWFWMD

UNNAMED SPRING Jackson 30 49 47.94 85 14 12.66 NWFWMD

JEF312991 Jefferson 30 20 41.82 83 59 45.06 SRWMD

JEF63991 Jefferson 30 19 29.81 83 59 09.11 SRWMD

JEF63992 Jefferson 30 19 23.51 83 59 12.09 SRWMD

JEF64991 Jefferson 30 20 38.88 83 58 49.49 SRWMD

FLETCHER SPRINGS Lafayette 29 50 48 82 53 34 SRWMD

IRON SPRING Lafayette 29 49 35.50 83 18 28.96 SRWMD

LAF1024001 Lafayette 30 00 27.06 82 58 56.10 SRWMD

LAF710981 Lafayette 30 02 42.36 83 02 01.91 SRWMD

LAF919971 Lafayette 30 06 11.58 83 08 51.53 SRWMD

LAF922977 Lafayette 30 15 34.87 83 15 05.40 SRWMD

LAF924972 Lafayette 30 06 17.30 83 12 14.10 SRWMD

LAF929971 Lafayette 30 12 37.25 83 14 45.71 SRWMD

LAF93971 Lafayette 29 57 40.88 82 57 16.51 SRWMD

BLACKWATER MINOR #1 Lake 28 53 17.54 81 29 48.99 Seminole S.F.

BLACKWATER MINOR #2 Lake 28 53 18.30 81 29 50.15 Seminole S.F.

BLACKWATER MINOR #3 Lake 28 53 18.00 81 29 52.00 Seminole S.F.

BLACKWATER MINOR #4 Lake 28 53 17.29 81 29 52.60 Seminole S.F.

BOULDER MINOR #1 Lake 28 52 18.53 81 27 01.73 Seminole S.F.

DOUBLE RUN SPRING Lake 29 40 47 81 44 32 SJRWMD

MARKEE MINOR #1 Lake 28 52 16.29 81 27 10.36 Seminole S.F.

MESSANT SPRING Lake 28 51 21 81 29 56 SJRWMD

SEMINOLE SPRING Lake 28 50 44 81 31 22 SJRWMD

UNNAMED SPRING Lake 28 52 28.30 81 26 42.17 Seminole S.F.

LN-UNK SPRING #1 Leon 30 16 58 84 09 04 NWFWMD

LEV97991 Levy 29 11 30.40 82 59 19.41 SRWMD

MAD610982 Madison 30 24 54.24 83 12 07.05 SRWMD

MAD612981 Madison 30 27 02.96 83 13 23.83 SRWMD

MAD612982 Madison 30 28 20.95 83 14 35.67 SRWMD

MAD922971 Madison 30 18 24.17 83 12 53.62 SRWMD

MAD922972 Madison 30 18 12.34 83 13 20.80 SRWMD

MAD922973 Madison 30 18 08.54 83 13 29.34 SRWMD

MAD922974 Madison 30 18 08.27 83 13 29.82 SRWMD

MAD922975 Madison 30 17 36.63 83 13 57.21 SRWMD

MAD922976 Madison 30 16 56.92 83 13 57.55 SRWMD

BLUE Marion 29 30 51 81 51 25 SJRWMD

NICHOLS SPRING Marion 28 50 22 82 12 10 USGS

RAINBOW #8 SPRING Marion 29 05 04.63 82 25 44.08 SWFWMD

RAINBOW SWAMP #4 SPRING Marion 29 05 34.78 82 25 16.42 SWFWMD

RIVERSITES Marion 29 26 29 81 55 25 SJRWMD

BARREL SPRING Orange 28 42 41 81 28 18 SJRWMD

CRYSTAL #1 SPRING Pasco 28 10 56.58 82 11 06.55 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL #2 SPRING Pasco 28 10 56.58 82 11 06.67 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL #3 SPRING Pasco 28 10 56.71 82 11 06.58 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL #4 SPRING Pasco 28 10 56.67 82 11 08.52 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL #5 SPRING Pasco 28 10 58.24 82 11 08.53 SWFWMD
BULLETIN NO. 66

375

SPRING COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE SOURCE

CRYSTAL #6 SPRING Pasco 28 10 58.78 82 11 07.76 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL COMPOSITE Pasco 28 10 57.83 82 11 08.17 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL SWAMP #1 SPRING Pasco 28 11 13 82 10 52 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL SWAMP #2 SPRING Pasco 28 11 06 82 10 48 SWFWMD

CRYSTAL SWAMP #3 SPRING Pasco 28 11 07 82 11 34 SWFWMD

SALT SPRING 2 Pasco 28 17 35.51 82 43 04.42 SWFWMD

CROAKER HOLE Putnam 29 26 18 81 21 41 SJRWMD

CHUMUCKLA SPRINGS Santa Rosa 30 50 00.90 87 17 48.76 NWFWMD

ISLAND SPRING Seminole 28 49 24.40 81 25 01.80 FDEP

PALM SPRING Seminole 28 41 28.03 81 23 34.23 FDEP

UNNAMED SPRING Seminole 28 49 03.20 81 25 07.00 FDEP

CRESCENT BEACH SPRING St. Johns 29 46 06 81 12 30 SJRWMD

SHANDS BRIDGE SPRING St. Johns 29 59 16 81 37 28 SJRWMD

A. WAYNE LEE SPRING Sumter 28 51 34.91 82 05 15.71 SWFWMD

ALLIGATOR SPRING Sumter 28 57 36.82 82 13 45.68 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND HEAD SPRING 1 Sumter 28 45 26.56 82 03 44.60 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND HEAD SPRING 2 Sumter 28 45 27.49 82 03 43.57 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND HEAD SPRING 2A Sumter 28 45 28.39 82 03 48.28 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND HEAD SPRING 2B Sumter 28 45 29.20 82 03 45.05 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND HEAD SPRING 3 -MAIN BOIL Sumter 28 45 29.67 82 03 45.31 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND HEAD SPRING 4 -BLUE HOLE Sumter 28 45 30.37 82 03 47.50 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND MAINTENANCE SPRING Sumter 28 45 24.39 82 04 05.36 SWFWMD

BELTONS MILLPOND MAINTENANCE SPRING Sumter 28 45 25.16 82 04 06.25 SWFWMD

BIG HOLE (Dead Spring) Sumter 28 45 33.05 82 05 54.94 SWFWMD

CANAL 485 SPRING 5 Sumter 28 46 07.50 82 07 01.24 SWFWMD

CANAL 485A SPRING 1B Sumter 28 46 10.60 82 07 04.80 SWFWMD

CANAL 485A SPRING 2 Sumter 28 46 12.94 82 07 03.38 SWFWMD

DIXIE LIME & STONE CO. SPRING Sumter 28 45 16.17 82 03 18.66 SWFWMD

GUM SPRINGS NO. 1 Sumter 28 57 33.49 82 13 50.83 SWFWMD

GUM SPRINGS NO. 2 Sumter 28 57 13.84 82 14 12.69 SWFWMD

GUM SPRINGS NO. 3 Sumter 28 57 13.21 82 14 14.50 SWFWMD

GUM SPRINGS NO. 4 Sumter 28 57 10.8 82 14 26.50 SWFWMD

HENRY GREEN SPRING Sumter 28 52 09.46 82 05 40.93 SWFWMD

SHADY BROOK HEAD SPRING 2 Sumter 28 47 08.96 82 02 44.13 SWFWMD

SHADY BROOK HEAD SPRING 3 Sumter 28 46 46.96 82 02 36.30 SWFWMD

SHADY BROOK HEAD SPRING 4 Sumter 28 45 15.96 82 04 59.30 SWFWMD

SUMTER BLUE Sumter 28 47 08.96 82 02 44.13 SWFWMD

MATTAIR SPRINGS Suwannee 30 22 41.05 82 53 28.03 SRWMD

PEACOCK SLOUGH Suwannee 30 09 24 83 09 56 SRWMD

SUW1019971 Suwannee 30 22 58.03 82 54 54.59 SRWMD

SUW1023971 Suwannee 30 23 47.29 82 56 13.93 SRWMD

SUW107971 Suwannee 29 54 46.34 82 50 42.54 SRWMD

SUW917972 Suwannee 30 01 57.66 83 00 48.62 SRWMD

SUW919972 Suwannee 30 05 27.21 83 05 50.46 SRWMD

SUW919974 Suwannee 30 06 19.32 83 07 16.75 SRWMD

SUW922972 Suwannee 30 18 46.40 83 12 35.11 SRWMD

SUW922973 Suwannee 30 18 47.59 83 12 35.31 SRWMD

SUW922974 Suwannee 30 18 48.19 83 12 35.48 SRWMD

SUW923971 Suwannee 30 23 31.01 83 10 01.04 SRWMD

SUW923972 Suwannee 30 24 15.92 83 09 27.76 SRWMD
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

376

SPRING COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE SOURCE

SUW925971 Suwannee 30 25 39.81 83 03 03.81 SRWMD

SUW925972 Suwannee 30 25 39.85 83 03 33.49 SRWMD

SUW925973 Suwannee 30 25 27.19 83 04 08.44 SRWMD

SUW925974 Suwannee 30 26 12.08 83 04 43.79 SRWMD

SUW925975 Suwannee 30 26 13.45 83 05 13.01 SRWMD

UNNAMED SPRING Suwannee 29 53 48.16 82 52 22.18 SRWMD

BLUE CREEK SPRING Taylor 29 50 41.01 83 33 28.04 SRWMD

CARLTON SPRING Taylor 30 03 28 83 35 15 SRWMD

EWING SPRINGS Taylor 30 04 26 83 39 57 SRWMD

TAY616991 Taylor 29 55 09.46 83 40 56.15 SRWMD

TAY625991 Taylor 29 44 38.54 83 20 42.25 SRWMD

TAY625993 Taylor 29 43 53.12 83 20 47.93 SRWMD

TAY625995 Taylor 29 44 02.45 83 20 49.70 SRWMD

TAY69992 Taylor 29 58 14.68 83 44 47.73 SRWMD

TAY730991 Taylor 30 09 12.68 83 51 20.63 SRWMD

TAY76992 Taylor 29 45 41 83 20 06 SRWMD

TAY819991 Taylor 29 50 47.65 83 36 33.07 SRWMD

WOODS CK RISE Taylor 30 07 26.70 83 37 27.26 SRWMD

SPRING CREEK #1 Wakulla 30 04 48.91 84 19 47.46 FGS

SPRING CREEK #10 Wakulla 30 04 28.38 84 19 39.80 FGS

SPRING CREEK #11 Wakulla 30 04 26.41 84 19 41.41 FGS

SPRING CREEK #12 Wakulla 30 04 34.35 84 19 26.39 FGS

SPRING CREEK #13 Wakulla 30 04 33.08 84 19 24.89 FGS

SPRING CREEK #3 Wakulla 30 04 54.07 84 19 45.90 FGS

SPRING CREEK #4 Wakulla 30 04 47.97 84 19 50.55 FGS

SPRING CREEK #5 Wakulla 30 04 43.06 84 19 48.76 FGS

SPRING CREEK #6 Wakulla 30 04 30.37 84 19 43.60 FGS

SPRING CREEK #7 Wakulla 30 04 33.13 84 19 46.52 FGS

SPRING CREEK #8 Wakulla 30 04 27.10 84 19 36.44 FGS

SPRING CREEK #9 Wakulla 30 04 48.06 84 19 54.69 FGS

BARKING SPRING Washington 30 26 59.05 85 31 53.86 NWFWMD

BATHTUB SPRING Washington 30 27 21.86 85 31 58.62 NWFWMD

BURNT OUT SPRING Washington 30 40 55.32 85 38 45.66 NWFWMD

ECONFINA BLUE SPRING #2 Washington 30 27 11.16 85 31 52.50 NWFWMD

ECONFINA BLUE SPRING #3 Washington 30 27 05.55 85 31 52.19 NWFWMD

GLOWING SPRING Washington 30 27 22.25 85 31 55.96 NWFWMD

STRICKLAND SPRING #1 Washington 30 26 28.87 85 32 38.84 NWFWMD

STRICKLAND SPRING #2 Washington 30 26 26.64 85 32 41.63 NWFWMD

SURNT SOCK SPRING Washington 30 40 01.14 85 39 48.29 NWFWMD

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 34 40.44 85 50 21.36 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 36 32.16 85 46 31.98 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 36 32.16 85 46 31.98 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 36 32.4 85 46 33.96 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 36 43.56 85 49 23.52 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 39 48.96 85 40 14.16 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 39 54.72 85 39 55.08 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 14.4 85 39 17.28 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 22.5 85 39 09.84 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 22.5 85 39 09.84 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 26.4 85 39 01.08 W. Shirling
BULLETIN NO. 66

377

SPRING COUNTY LATITUDE LONGITUDE SOURCE

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 27.48 85 38 52.8 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 26.76 85 38 58.92 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 28.68 85 38 59.1 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 30 85 38 52.08 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 29.88 85 38 52.5 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 31.08 85 38 51.72 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 32.16 85 38 50.88 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 32.16 85 38 50.88 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 32.16 85 38 51.36 W. Shirling

UNNAMED SPRING Washington 30 40 39.12 85 38 45.24 W. Shirling

UNNAMED-303913085411701 Washington 30 39 13.26 85 41 16.51 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303934085403401 Washington 30 39 34 85 40 34.2 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303935085402901 Washington 30 39 34.93 85 40 29.07 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303937085402901 Washington 30 39 36.51 85 40 28.62 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303937085404001 Washington 30 39 36.53 85 40 39.58 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303938085401801 Washington 30 39 37.75 85 40 17.84 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303938085404301 Washington 30 39 37.89 85 40 43.21 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303939085401901 Washington 30 39 39.23 85 40 18.79 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303939085402501 Washington 30 39 39.15 85 40 24.57 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303940085404001 Washington 30 39 39.57 85 40 40.00 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303941085401701 Washington 30 39 41.16 85 40 17.06 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303941085401901 Washington 30 39 40.77 85 40 18.75 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303942085402401 Washington 30 39 41.79 85 40 24.32 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303946085401901 Washington 30 39 46.23 85 40 19.24 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303949085401701 Washington 30 39 49.37 85 40 16.67 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303949085401702 Washington 30 39 49.37 85 40 17.44 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303950085400901 Washington 30 39 50.25. 85 40 09.18 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303953085400201 Washington 30 39 53.34 85 40 02.19 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303955085401001 Washington 30 39 54.57 85 40 10.22 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303956085394801 Washington 30 39 55.86 85 39 47.72 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303956085401001 Washington 30 39 55.77 85 40 10.07 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303957085400201 Washington 30 39 57.48 85 40 01.61 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-303959085395301 Washington 30 39 58.62 85 39 53.15 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-304002085394901 Washington 30 40 01.96 85 39 48.55 NWFWMD

UNNAMED-304002085395001 Washington 30 40 01.86 85 39 49.95 NWFWMD

WILLIFORD RUN #2 Washington 30 26 22.45 85 32 52.39 NWFWMD

WILLIFORD RUN #3 Washington 30 26 22.04 85 32 53.42 NWFWMD

WILLIFORD RUN #4 Washington 30 26 21.99 85 32 54.11 NWFWMD

WILLIFORD RUN #5 Washington 30 26 21.16 85 32 54.41 NWFWMD

WILLIFORD RUN #6 Washington 30 26 21.16 85 32 54.41 NWFWMD

WILLIFORD RUN #7 Washington 30 26 20.73 85 32 54.81 NWFWMD

WILLIFORD RUN SPRING #1 Washington 30 26 22.46 85 32 52.39 NWFWMD
379

BULLETIN 66

APPENDIX C

Descriptions of additional springs

visited by FGS springs teams.
APPENDIX C - TABLE OF CONTENTS

Alachua County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

ALA930971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

ALA930972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

Boulware Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

Darby Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396

Glen Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397

Magnesia Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398

Bay County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399

Bluff Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399

Econfina Unnamed Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400

Pitt Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401

Sylvan Springs No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402

Sylvan Springs No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

Bradford County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Heilbronn Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Calhoun County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Grotto Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Hamilton Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405

Sally Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406

Citrus County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

Alligator Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

Baird Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

Baird Spring No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408

Baird Spring No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408

Baird Spring No. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409

Baird Spring No. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409

Banana Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

Bear Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Blue Hole Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412

Bluebird Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412

Chassahowitzka Spring No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

Crab Spring (Crab Creek Spring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415

Hall’s River Spring No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416

Homosassa Unnamed Spring No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417

Homosassa Unnamed Spring No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417

House Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

Kings Bay Springs Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

Black Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

Catfish Corner Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419

Idiot’s Delight Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419

Jurassic Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

King Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

Kings Bay Spring No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421

Little Hidden Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422

Little Spring (Independence Spring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422

Manatee Sanctuary Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424

Miller’s Creek Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

380

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Potter Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426

Pumphouse Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427

Ruth Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428

Three Sisters Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

Trotter Main Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430

Unnamed Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431

Clay County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432

Wadesboro Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432

W.W. Gay Spring No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432

W.W. Gay Spring No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433

Columbia County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434

COL101971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434

COL101974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435

COL428981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

COL522981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437

COL522982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

COL917971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

COL930971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

COL1012971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441

COL1012972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

Jonathan Spring (COL101972) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

July Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443

Mill Pond Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444

Rum Island Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445

Sawdust Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

Sunbeam Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447

Wilson Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447

Dixie County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

DIX95971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

Little Copper Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449

McCrabb Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .450

Pothole Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451

Unnamed Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452

Unnamed Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Duval County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Pottsburg Creek Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Franklin County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Bear Creek Rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Gadsden County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Chattahoochee Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Gilchrist County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456

Bell Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456

Campground Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457

Deer Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458

Devil’s Eye Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459

Dogwood Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460

GIL84971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461

GIL99972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462

GIL928971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463

381

BULLETIN 66
GIL1012971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464

GIL1012972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465

GIL1012973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466

Johnson Spring (GIL101971) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

Lily Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

Little Blue Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469

Little Devil Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470

Little Otter Spring (GIL94972) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471

Lumbercamp Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472

Naked Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473

Oasis Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474

Pickard Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475

Trail Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476

Twin Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477

Hamilton County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

HAM610982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

HAM610983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

HAM610984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

HAM612982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481

HAM923973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

HAM1017974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483

Morgan Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483

Pot Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484

Seven Sisters Spring (HAM923971) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

Tanner Springs (HAM612981) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486

White Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

Hernando County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488

Aripeka Spring No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488

Aripeka Spring No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489

Blind Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

Boat Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491

Ryles Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492

Rita Marie Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493

Hillsborough County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494

Canal Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494

Double Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Eureka Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496

Last Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496

Lettuce Lake Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497

Palma Ceia Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Holmes County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499

Jackson Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499

Thundering Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500

Vortex Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501

Jackson County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502

Barrel Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502

Jackson Blue Spring Apalachicola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503

Gator Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504

Hill Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505

382

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY