J-S69005-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

CHRISTOPHER LEE OGDEN

Appellant No. 140 MDA 2016

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 16, 2015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County

Criminal Division at No: CP-35-CR-0000107-2015

BEFORE: STABILE, DUBOW, and PLATT,*JJ. 

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 18, 2016

Appellant Christopher Lee Ogden appeals from the judgment of 

sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County 

(“trial court”), following his guilty plea to recklessly endangering another 

person under Section 2705 of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2705. 

Appellant’s counsel has filed a petition to withdraw, alleging that this appeal 

is wholly frivolous, and filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 

U.S. 738 (1967), and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 

2009). For the reasons set forth below, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of 

sentence, and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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The facts and procedural history underlying this case are undisputed.1 

On August 25, 2015, Appellant pled guilty to the above-referenced crime in 

connection with fleeing from the police and leading them on a high-speed 

chase through the City of Scranton on December 31, 2014. In exchange, 

the Commonwealth nolle prossed numerous other charges against Appellant. 

On December 16, 2015, the trial court sentenced Appellant to 12 to 24 

months’ incarceration. On December 21, 2015, Appellant petitioned the trial 

court for reconsideration of sentence. The trial court denied Appellant’s 

reconsideration motion on December 22, 2015. Appellant timely appealed to 

this Court. Following Appellant’s filing of Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, the 

trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion.

On May 27, 2016, Appellant’s counsel filed in this Court a motion to 

withdraw as counsel and filed an Anders brief, wherein counsel raises three 

issues for our review:

[I.] Whether the sentence imposed was inappropriately harsh 

and excessive and an abuse of discretion?

[II.] Whether the trial court failed to state on the record reasons 

or sufficient reasons for imposing a sentence in the aggravated 

range?

[III.] Whether the trial court imposed an illegal sentence when it 

failed to state whether []Appellant was eligible [for Recidivism

Risk Reduction Incentive (“RRRI”) Program] in violation of 42 

Pa.C.S.A. § 9756 and 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4501?

Anders Brief at 4. 

____________________________________________

1 Unless otherwise specified, these facts come from the trial court’s March 

14, 2016 opinion.
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When presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the 

merits of the underlying issues without first examining counsel’s petition to 

withdraw. Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 290 (Pa. Super. 

2007) (en banc). It is well-established that, in requesting a withdrawal, 

counsel must satisfy the following procedural requirements: 1) petition the 

court for leave to withdraw stating that, after making a conscientious 

examination of the record, counsel has determined that the appeal would be 

frivolous; 2) provide a copy of the brief to the defendant; and 3) advise the 

defendant that he or she has the right to retain private counsel, proceed pro 

se or raise additional arguments that the defendant considers worthy of the 

court’s addition. Commonwealth v. Lilley, 978 A.2d 995, 997 (Pa. Super. 

2009).

Instantly, counsel’s petition to withdraw from representation provides 

that counsel reviewed the record and concluded that the appeal is frivolous. 

Furthermore, counsel notified Appellant that he was seeking permission to 

withdraw and provided Appellant with copies of the petition to withdraw and 

his Anders brief. Counsel also advised Appellant of his right to retain new 

counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional points he deems worthy of 

this Court’s attention. Accordingly, we conclude that counsel has satisfied 

the procedural requirements of Anders. 

We next must determine whether counsel’s Anders brief complies with 

the substantive requirements of Santiago, wherein our Supreme Court 

held: 
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[I]n the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed 

counsel’s petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a 

summary of the procedural history and facts, with citations to 

the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that counsel 

believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s 

conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s 

reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous. Counsel 

should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling case 

law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion that 

the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Here, our review of counsel’s brief indicates 

that he has complied with the briefing requirements of Santiago. We, 

therefore, conclude that counsel has satisfied the minimum requirements of 

Anders/Santiago.

Once counsel has met his obligations, “it then becomes the 

responsibility of the reviewing court to make a full examination of the 

proceedings and make an independent judgment to decide whether the 

appeal is in fact wholly frivolous.” Santiago, 978 A.2d at 355 n.5. Thus, 

we now turn to the merits of Appellant’s appeal. 

Because Appellant’s first two issues challenge the discretionary aspects 

of sentencing, we shall consider them together.2 Appellant argues that the 

____________________________________________

2 When reviewing a challenge to the trial court’s discretion, our standard of 

review is as follows:

Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the 

sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal 

absent a manifest abuse of discretion. An abuse of discretion is 

more than just an error in judgment and, on appeal, the trial 

court will not be found to have abused its discretion unless the 

record discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly 

unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or illwill.

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him to 12 to 24 months’ 

imprisonment because (1) the sentence was inappropriately harsh and 

excessive and (2) the trial court failed to state on the record sufficient 

reasons for Appellant’s sentence. 

“Initially, we note that when a defendant enters a guilty plea, he or 

she waives all defects and defenses except those concerning the validity of 

the plea, the jurisdiction of the trial court, and the legality of the sentence 

imposed.” Commonwealth v. Stradley, 50 A.3d 769, 771 (Pa. Super. 

2012) (citation omitted). “Our law presumes that a defendant who enters a 

guilty plea was aware of what he was doing. He bears the burden of proving 

otherwise.” Commonwealth v. Yeomans, 24 A.3d 1044, 1047 (Pa. Super. 

2011) (citation omitted). “However, when the plea agreement is open, 

containing no bargained for or stated term of sentence, the defendant will

not be precluded from appealing the discretionary aspects of h[is] 

sentence.”3 Commonwealth v. Roden, 730 A.2d 995, 997 n.2 (Pa. Super. 

1999) (citation omitted).

It is well-settled that “[t]he right to appeal a discretionary aspect of 

sentence is not absolute.” Commonwealth v. Dunphy, 20 A.3d 1215, 

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

Commonwealth v. Bowen, 55 A.3d 1254, 1263 (Pa. Super. 2012) 

(quoting Commonwealth v. Cunningham, 805 A.2d 566, 575 (Pa. Super. 

2002)), appeal denied, 64 A.3d 630 (Pa. 2013). 

3 The record in this case reveals that Appellant entered into an open guilty 

plea.
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1220 (Pa. Super. 2011). Rather, where an appellant challenges the 

discretionary aspects of a sentence, an appellant’s appeal should be 

considered as a petition for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v.

W.H.M., 932 A.2d 155, 162 (Pa. Super. 2007). As we stated in 

Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162 (Pa. Super. 2010):

An appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his 

sentence must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by satisfying a 

four-part test:

[W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) 

whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see 

Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly 

preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and 

modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. [720]; (3) whether 

appellant’s brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and 

(4) whether there is a substantial question that the 

sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the 

Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Id. at 170 (citing Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528 (Pa. Super. 

2006)). Whether a particular issue constitutes a substantial question about 

the appropriateness of sentence is a question to be evaluated on a case-bycase basis. See Commonwealth v. Kenner, 784 A.2d 808, 811 (Pa. 

Super. 2001), appeal denied, 796 A.2d 979 (Pa. 2002). 

Here, Appellant has satisfied the first three requirements of the fourpart Moury test. Appellant filed a timely appeal to this Court, preserved the 

issue on appeal through his post-sentence motions, and included a Pa.R.A.P. 
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2119(f) statement in his brief.4 We, therefore, must determine only if 

Appellant’s sentencing issue raises a substantial question.

The determination of what constitutes a substantial question must be 

evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Commonwealth v. Paul, 925 A.2d 

825, 828 (Pa. Super. 2007). We have found that a substantial question 

exists “when the appellant advances a colorable argument that the 

sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1) inconsistent with a specific 

provision of the Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms 

which underlie the sentencing process.” Commonwealth v. Phillips, 946 

A.2d 103, 112 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 964 

A.2d 895 (Pa. 2009). “[W]e cannot look beyond the statement of questions 

presented and the prefatory [Rule] 2119(f) statement to determine whether 

a substantial question exists.” Commonwealth v. Christine, 78 A.3d 1, 10 

(Pa. Super. 2013), affirmed, 125 A.3d 394 (Pa. 2015). 

This Court does not accept bald assertions of sentencing errors. See 

Commonwealth v. Malovich, 903 A.2d 1247, 1252 (Pa. Super. 2006). 

When we examine an appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement to determine 

whether a substantial question exists, “[o]ur inquiry must focus on the 

reasons for which the appeal is sought, in contrast to the facts underlying 

____________________________________________

4 Rule 2119(f) provides that “[a]n appellant who challenges the discretionary 

aspects of a sentence in a criminal matter shall set forth in his brief a 

concise statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with 

respect to the discretionary aspects of a sentence.” Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f). 
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the appeal, which are necessary only to decide the appeal on the merits.” 

Commonwealth v. Ahmad, 961 A.2d 884, 886-87 (Pa. Super. 2008) 

(quoting Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362, 365 (Pa. Super. 2005)). 

A Rule 2119(f) statement is inadequate when it “contains incantations of 

statutory provisions and pronouncements of conclusions of law[.]” 

Commonwealth v. Bullock, 868 A.2d 516, 528 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation 

omitted). Indeed, we consistently have held that bald assertions of 

excessiveness are insufficient to present a substantial question. See 

Commonwealth v. Fisher, 47 A.3d 155, 159 (Pa. Super. 2012) (“[The 

a]ppellant simply asserts: ‘A substantial question is presented about the 

sentence where the Court imposed a manifestly unreasonable sentence in 

excess of the guidelines without sufficient justification.” . . . . This amounts 

to a bald assertion that [the a]ppellant’s sentence was excessive, devoid of

supporting legal authority.”); see also Moury, 992 A.2d at 170 (“As to what 

constitutes a substantial question, this Court does not accept bald assertions 

of sentencing errors. An appellant must articulate the reasons the 

sentencing court’s actions violated the sentencing code.”).

Here, Appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement provides the following 

explanation:

Appellant believes that his sentence is “so manifestly 

excessive as to constitute too severe a punishment.” See 

Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 812 A.2d 617, 624 (Pa. 2002). 

The lower court imposed a sentence of 1 to 2 years. Appellant 

believes that the sentence was inappropriately harsh and 

excessive and that this Court should conduct a review of the 

sentence. Counsel for Appellant recognizes that this sentence 

fell within the statutory limits, albeit in the aggravated range.
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Moreover, Appellant claims that the lower court failed to 

state on the record adequate reasons for imposing sentences in 

the aggravated range, since none of the facts surrounding the 

commission of the crime involved aggravating circumstances. 

This Court has held that such a challenge to the sentence raises 

a substantial question. Commonwealth v. Coss, 695 A.2d 831 

(Pa. Super. 1997).

Anders Brief at 10. Upon review of his Rule 2119(f) statement, we 

conclude that Appellant failed to raise a substantial question with respect to 

whether his sentence was inappropriately harsh or excessive. See Fisher, 

47 A.3d at 159 (“[A] bald assertion that a sentence is excessive does not 

itself raise a substantial question justifying this Court’s review of the merits 

of the underlying claim.”); see also Commonwealth v. Bromley, 862 A.2d 

598, 604 (Pa. Super. 2004) (explaining defendant did not raise a substantial 

question by merely asserting sentence was excessive when he failed to 

reference any section of Sentencing Code potentially violated by the 

sentence), appeal denied, 881 A.2d 818 (Pa. 2005). 

Appellant, however, did raise a substantial question with respect to 

whether the trial court failed to state on the record sufficient reasons for 

Appellant’s sentence. See Commonwealth v. Oliver, 693 A.2d 1342, 

1347-48 (Pa. Super. 1997) (“The claim that a sentencing court imposed a 

sentence outside of the guidelines and failed to state adequate reasons for 

the sentence imposed does present a substantial question that the sentence 

is inappropriate under the Sentencing Code.”). Accordingly, we address the 

merits of this claim. 

Section 9721(b) of the Sentencing Code provides:
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In every case in which the court imposes a sentence for a felony 

or misdemeanor, modifies a sentence, resentences an offender 

following revocation of probation, county intermediate 

punishment or State intermediate punishment or resentences 

following remand, the court shall make as a part of the record, 

and disclose in open court at the time of sentencing, a statement 

of the reason or reasons for the sentence imposed. . . . Failure 

to comply shall be grounds for vacating the sentence or 

resentence and resentencing the defendant.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b). The requirement that a trial court explain its 

sentence under Section 9721 has two components. As we recently 

explained in Commonwealth v. Flowers, __ A.3d __, 2016 PA. Super. 230 

(filed October 24, 2016):

First, the court must state its reasons on the record at the time 

the sentence is imposed. See Commonwealth v. Riggins, 377 

A.2d 140, 143 (Pa. 1977); Commonwealth v. Beasley, 570 

A.2d 1336, 1338 (Pa. Super. 1990) (“A sentencing court has a 

statutory duty to disclose in open court at the time of sentencing 

a statement of reasons for the sentence imposed”). Requiring 

the sentencing court to state its reasons at that time provides a 

procedural mechanism for the aggrieved party both to attempt 

to rebut the court’s explanation and inclination before the 

sentencing proceeding ends, and to identify and frame 

substantive claims for post-sentence motions or appeal. 

Commonwealth v. Reaves, 923 A.2d 1119, 1129 (Pa. 2007).

Second, although “[a] sentencing court need not 

undertake a lengthy discourse for its reasons for imposing a 

sentence, . . . the record as a whole must reflect the sentencing 

court’s consideration of the facts of the crime and character of 

the offender.” Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280, 

1283 (Pa. Super. 2010). A “discourse on the court’s sentencing 

philosophy, as it applies to the defendant before it, is not 

required.” Commonwealth v. Hill, 629 A.2d 949, 953 (Pa. 

Super. 1993). But “the reasons must reflect the judge’s 

consideration of the sentencing code, the circumstances of the 

offense and the character of the offender.” Beasley, 570 A.2d 

at 1338; see also Hill, 629 A.2d at 953 (“Simply put, the 

sentencing judge must state his or her reasons for the sentence 

imposed”).

Flowers, supra, at *6. 
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With the foregoing in mind, we now turn to the record before us. Our 

review of the record reveals that Appellant’s allegation that the trial court 

failed to state its reasons at sentencing is without merit. Specifically, the 

following exchange occurred between Appellant and the trial court at 

sentencing:

The [trial c]ourt: Mr. Ogden, how many breaks have I given 

you?

[Appellant]: Quite a few.

The [trial c]ourt: Quite a few, including back in September, I let 

you out. You’re telling me now you want to get treatment?

[Appellant]: Yes.

The [trial c]ourt: I let you out of jail on September 8th knowing 

your sentencing was coming up. I told you you had to be here a 

week later, what happened?

[Appellant]: I –

The [trial c]ourt: You didn’t show.

[Appellant]: I did colors and the night before I got high and 

then—

The [trial c]ourt: Okay, well, I’ve given you every opportunity.

[Appellant]: I took off.

The [trial c]ourt: You took off. There’s—I’m beginning to feel 

like Charlie Brown and you’re holding the football. Every time I 

come up, you pull away. Alright, not today. With regard to 

recklessly endangering another person filed to 15-CR-107, 

you’re to be incarcerated in State Correctional Institute for a 

minimum period of time which shall be 1 year to a maximum 

which shall be 2 years. That sentence falls in the aggravated 

range of the sentencing guidelines. 

N.T. Sentencing, 12/16/15, at 3-4. Thus, the record belies Appellant’s 

contention. The trial court here stated its reasons for imposing an 

aggravated range sentence. In so doing, the court noted that it had 
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provided Appellant an opportunity to seek help for his addiction problem, but 

instead, as Appellant admitted, he continued to use drugs. Accordingly, 

Appellant’s argument lack merit. 

Finally, Appellant argues that the trial court imposed an illegal 

sentence insofar as it failed to find Appellant eligible for RRRI. We disagree.

At the outset, we note that issues of RRRI eligibility involve nonwaivable questions of law that implicate the legality of sentence. See, e.g., 

Commonwealth v. Tobin, 89 A.3d 663, 669 (Pa. Super. 2014) (construing 

a court’s “failure to impose a[n] RRRI sentence” as a legality of sentence 

issue) (citations omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Hodge, 144 A.3d 

170, 172 (Pa. Super. 2016) (“A challenge to a court’s failure to impose an 

RRRI sentence implicates the legality of the sentence.”). The RRRI Act 

provides (1) that a sentencing court must designate a sentence as an RRRI 

sentence whenever the defendant is eligible for that designation, and (2) 

that a defendant is eligible for that designation if he has not been previously 

convicted of certain enumerated offenses and does not demonstrate a 

history of present or past violent behavior. 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4503. Also, 

when a defendant has a prior conviction for personal injury, such conviction 

must be classified as a misdemeanor of the third degree to render the 

defendant eligible for RRRI. Id.

Instantly, Appellant has two prior convictions for simple assault, which 

were classified as misdemeanors of the second degree. Accordingly, the trial 

court did not err in failing to find Appellant eligible for RRRI.
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We have conducted an independent review of the record and 

addressed Appellant’s arguments on appeal. Based on our conclusions 

above, we agree with counsel that the issues Appellant seeks to litigate in 

this appeal are wholly frivolous. Also, we do not discern any non-frivolous 

issues that Appellant could have raised. We, therefore, grant counsel’s 

petition to withdraw and affirm the judgment of sentence.

Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 11/18/2016