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28 March 1946 

JOINT COMMUNICATIONS BOARD 

AD HOC COMMITTEE ON SECURITY OF COMMUNICATION~. 

EDUCATION IN COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY 

Note by the Secretary 

Attached herewith and circulated for the conaid13ration 

or the Ad Hoc Committee on Security of Communications are the 

I '· \..:-

• 

,,,:; 

WC .. , 

':'J studies made by all three Services on Education in Communications _;j-~ 

Security. ~ ~ 

C • L. GRISWOLD 

Secretary, ad hoc 

Cqmmi ttee on Security or CommW1ications 

CONFIDENTIAL 

eclassifi ed and a roved for release b NSA on 11-06-2013 

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0 ONfilI:BEN'f D\L 

ENCLOSURE 

EDUCATION IN COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY 

Report by the ad hoc Committee on Security of Communicat~ 

THE PROBLEM 

1. To consider the state of training in communications 

security in the A my and Navy, and to make recommendations concerning a joint pr•ogram of education in commurhcations security 

matters. 

FACTS BEARING ON THE PROBLEM 

2. Appendices "A", "B" and "C" outline the various types 

of training in communications security given in the Arm~ Ground 

Forces, Service Forces, Air Forces, and in the Navy. Included 

in the outline a.re the texts and pamphlets used as guides in 

the courses. The outline covers training given to specialists, 

both enlisted and officer, the general instruction in security 

.. matters given to all personnel, and the advanced or 11 po::t-graduate 1 

training given in such installations as the Army War College. 

3. It is impossible to estima'te accurately the amount of 

informal training (such as warnings; comments, lectures, 

instruction to individual groups, etc.) given to noncommunications personnel in Naval units afloat, Army field 

' 

installations, etc. 

4. The recent war revealed instances of jeopardy to the 

security of communications created by the ha bi ts and ac·::.ions of 

all categories of personnel. Such railings can be attr"lbuted 

largely to inadequate training in communications securi~y and 

misconceptions as to its importance and purpose. 

5. The least satisfactory aspects of communication.:i from a 

security point of view were the following: 

E-1.closure 

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~· Aircraft communications. Circuit discipline~ 

procedure, monitor control, and use of plain languag1~ 

fell short of acceptable minimum standards. 

b. Use of voice radio by surface craft. Plain 

language disclosures were frequent, numerous, and 

serious. Failure to realize the range of possible 

interception at frequencies of 30-100 me. was one 

of the reasons, and failure to write or think out 

messages before transmission was another. C:trcutt 

discipline was unsatisfactory in many instances. 

c. Message length, both on voice nets and radiotelegraph circuits. The resulting overloads affected 

the security of crypto systems and fatigued communication personnel to the point where efficiency and 

alertness were impaired. The only conceivable solution 

is briefer messages, better operation especially on 

voice circuits, and elimination of unnecessary procedure. 

Studies during the war showed that message length cculd 

be reduced up to 40% or 50%. 

d. ovvrclassification and use of excessively high 

precedence. These were widespread violations. Overclassification tended to destroy respect for all classifications, and excessive use of precedence may have 

facilitated enemy traffic analysis somewhat, in addition 

to delaying messages of great urgency and destroying the 

values of precedence. 

e. Transmission violations, especially off-frequency 

operation and incorrect authentication. Unauthorized conversation and incorrect procedure were also prominent 

among "violations to be eliminated in peacetime training." 

f. Service messages. The percentage rose to 2G and 

above in certain areas. It was substantially reduced 

through the efforts of security units but remained Lnnecessarily high. 

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_g. Errors in encryption. The number remained 1igh. 

A majority were unnecessary and could have been avoid.ed . readily. The practice of assigning new and inexperi•3nced 

officers to crypto duty appears to h.B.ve been a major 

cause of such errors. 

h. Physical security. The number of occasions of 

loss of cryptographic documents were unnecessarily high 

in both services, and was due largely to carelessness and 

lack of understanding of the importance of close safeguarding on the part of using and responsible personnel. 

6. In many cases the least satisfactory aspects of communications security, as regards non-specialists, resulted from or 

were aggravated by a lack of appreciation of the importance of 

communications security by officers in command assignments. 

CONCLUSIONS 

7. In general, it is considered that the scope and 

quantity of communication security literature and training 

aids, and the number of hours devoted to training communication 

specialists in approved security practices are adequate. In the 

main, the weaknesses noted in the activities of communication 

specialistsJ as listed aboveJ stem from laxity and carelessness 

which develop on the job after specialist· training has teen 

completed. 

8. The training in security given to general personnel, 

both enlisted and officer is inadequate. There is currently no· 

vehicle for disseminating such information to enlisted or office1• 

personnel in either service. In certai_n schools, namel;y the 

United States Military Academy, and the Army-Navy Staff College 

no formal instruction in security matters is given exce~t to 

specialists . 

Enclosure 

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RECOMMENDATIONS 

9. In order to achieve high standards of security in joint 

communications, it is recommended,that the Joint Communications 

Board: 

a. Transmit to the Secretary of the Joint 

Security Committee a memorandum concerning a general 

security pamphlet designed for enlisted personnel, 

this memorandum to be substantially as set forth in 

Appendix "D" . 

b. Transmit to the Secretary of the Joint 

Security Committee a memorandum concerning a general 

security pamphlet designed for officer personnel, 

this memorandum to be substantially as set forth in 

Appendix "E 11 • 

c. Transmit to the War and Navy Departments a 

recommendation, substantially as set forth in 

Appendix 11F" • 

COORDINATION 

l~. No coordination is deemed necessary. 

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Enclosure 

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APPENDIX "A"· 

Report by A.AF AGO 
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APPENDIX "A II 

DISCUSSION OF EDUCATION IN SECURITY OF COMMUNICATIONS 

Prepared by AAF ACO for J.C.B. Purposes 

.In general, curricula of AAF schools pertaining to 

security of communications are based on such fundamental 

publications as AR 380-5, TM 11-469, etc., but consist largely of lectures developed individually at each of the several 

schools. In amplification of the fundamental requirements for 

security in communications, subject matter of these lectures 

has been obtained from many sources. In some cases, bocks of 

general circulation have been employed as sources of material. 

These include "Cryptography,, .the Science of Secret Writing" by 

Smith; 11Eler;:ientary Cryptanalysis" by Gaines; "Secret and Urgent" 

by Pratt; and "The American Black Chamber" by Yardley. In other 

cases, additional material has been drawn from instructions in 

crypto$raphy, such as TM 11-484 (Elementary Military Cr~ptography J, TM 11-485 (Advanced Military Cryptography), etc. This 

bas resulted in various cur.ricula, each vitalized with understandable and informative examples, which are not readily 

adaptable to portrayal in chart form. ·For that purpose, a 

resume of instructions in security at representative AAF schools 

is presented, as well as a cha.rt listing basic publications, their 

nature and their use. 

2 Attachments: 

1 - Resume 

2 - Surnma.ry 

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Appendix "A'· 

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RESUME OF EDUCATION IN SECURITY OF COMMUNICATIONS 

Prepared by AAF ACO for J.C.B. Purposes 

A.AF Communications Unit Training Center,, Pinedale, Calif1)rnia. 

In the course for Cryptographic Technicians (SSN 805), 13 

hours were devoted to security of communica ti.:ms. Various phases of security were presented in other courses as pertained to the 

system, device, etc., under study. In general, the enli:3ted men 

enrolled in this ~ourse were earmarked for overseas duties. The 

13-hour course on "Safeguarding of M:_litary Information" was 

based on AR 380-5 and TM 11-469. ({,......,. .. )~) 

4230 AAF Base.Unit (Signal School), Kelly Field, San AntJnio,Texu~. 

This school was one of three operated during the past wars by 

the Air Technical Service Command for the training of pe~sonnel 

to be assigned to overseas air force service commands. In the 

cqurse f ~r Cryptographic Technicians (SSN 805), 21 hours were 

devoted to "Safeguarding Military Information". This course was 

based on AR 380-5, TM 11-469, FM 24-5, CIRP (Current Instructions 

Registered Publications), registers~ instructional docum~nts 

pertaining to cryptographic systems 'e.nd devices, Training Circulars, etc. \ · · ,• _. ..-;}-... ':f~o./ '°" p ~ l Vt l Lf' .. •~~.,, •'. (I"•-· .. A.AF Tecbnical School, Scott Field, Illinois. 

In the course for Message Center Officers, Cryptographic 

(MOS 0224), 48 hours were devoted to cryptographic security and 

duties of the cryptographic security officer, and 72 hours to the 

background of cryptography and military cryptographic systems. 

The purpose of this course was to instruct officers earmarked 

for assignment to such organizations as the Army Airways Com- mu...~icati0ns System, AAF, the numbered air forces and AAF 

c.Jnunands. The course was based on AR 380-5, technical manuals, 

field manuals, training films, registered instructional documents 

pertaining to systems and devices, SOI and SOP received frolll 

overseas organizations, etc. 

In the course for Cryptographic Technicians (SSN 805), 12 

hours are devoted to security of communications, with the basic 

publications being AR 380-5, training manuals, training films. 

Security was stressed throughout the remainder of the course 

during instruction on cryptographic systems and devices. 

Append ix "A 11 

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I. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 

A. Officers. 

B. Enlisted Personnel. 

II. SPECIALIZED INSTRUCTIONS. 

A. Officers. 

ITEM 

AAF Manual 100-46-2 (CIRP) 

/--l 

(._~'"'' ~.' I , ' ' . 

r 

Radio & Cryptobraphic 

Security Bulletin 

AR 380-5 

TM 11-469 

StJWi.'IARY OF INSTRUCTION IN SECURITY OF COMMUNICATIONS 

: Normally, Army personnel receive security instructions 

: in specialized schools 

• • 

NATURE 

A ready reference on matters pertaining to communications security. 

In general, it deals with the broad 

principles of security; specifically, 

it is desi~ned to preserve security 

of cryptographic systems and classi- ~ied communications. 

A wartime publication of the AAF, prepared by the Office of the Air Communications Officer to keep field units 

abreast of current requirements and chan~es in directives pertaining t• 

communications security. 

An Army regulation encompassing 

detailed requirements for safeeuarding of military information. 

A technical manual (Communication 

&ecurity) setting forth basic information concerning security of 

USE 

Constitutes a basic instructional publication 

in schools, as well as 

a procedural guide. 

Textbook purposes and inclusion 

in courses. 

Constitutes a basic instructional publication in 

schools, as ~ell a~ ~ procedural guide. 

Constitutes a basic inotruc r.j onaJ_ publication in 

, . 

.. 
ITEM 

FM 24-17 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-484 

TM 11-485 

t~ ll> 

tr{ 

~ id TF 11-321 (1) 

a 

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NATURE 

communications and presenting 

established procedures for preserving that security. 

A field manual designed to furnish 

information regarding handling of 

messages and to indicate duties 

and responsibilities of personnel 

assigned to duties involving the 

handling of messaGes. 

A field manual to furnish basic 

information bovorning communications essential to officers and 

enlisted personnel of all arms en~a~ed on communications activities. 

A technical manual for the information and ~uidance of officer 

and enlisted personnel in the 

fundamentals of military cryptography (elementary). 

A technical manual for the inf orma ti on and ~uidance of officers 

and enlisted personnel in the 

fundamentals of military cryptography (advanced). 

USE 

schools, as well as a 

procedural guide. 

Textbook purposes and 

inclusion in courses. 

Textbook purposes and 

inclusion in courses. 

Textbook purposes and 

inclusion in courses. 

Textbook purposes and 

inclusion in courses. 

A training 1'ilm pertaining to pre- Visual Gi·al11:i.ul:> ~ _, cl. .L \,L • 

cautions against revealing information 

to the enemy taken in bivouac area as 

unit moves forward; search for and 

confiscation of articles which might 

,. 

R:SS 'ffi I 0 'f'ED 

•• 
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~ :x> 

h-1 

iij 

Cl> 

,(I) 

'(') s. 

I-'-

>l 

> 

ITEM 

TF 11-324 

TF 11-2044 

TC 71 

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NATURE 

betray information to the enemy, 

and costly results of disobedience 

of security discipline. 

A training film designed to impress 

the necessity for safeguarding of 

mili ta.ry inf orma ti on. ,-

A training film stressing violations 

of transmission security in taskforce operations. · 

A training circular pertaining to 

the maintenance of security in the 

operation of radio facilities. 

USE 

Visual training aid. 

Visual training aid. 

Textbook purposes and inclusion in courses. 

B. Enlist8d Personnel. Items listed above also usod for purposes as stated above. 

III. ADVANCED SPECIALIZED INSTRUCTIONS. 

A.. Officers • 

ITEM 

AR 380-5 

NATURE 

An Army re5ulation &ncompassing 

detailed requirements for safeguarding of military information. 

USE 

Basis for lecture at Senior 

Staff Officers 5chool at 

Orlando, Florida. 
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APPENDIX "B II 

Report by ASA, ASF and AGF 
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CONFIDEIN'i'IAL 

APPENDIX 11B II 

COMMUNICATION SECURITY TRAINING 

(Army Security Agency, Army Service Forces and Army Ground Forcer~ 

Section 

Office'l'.'B 1 Courses, General • • . • • • . . • • . • • • . • • . . • . • . • • • • . . . . I 

Officers 1 Courses, Specialized •••.•..•.••••.••.•....••... II 

Enlisted Courses, Gene~al ••.•.•••••••..•••.•..••••••..•.• III 

Enlisted Courses, Specialized •••••..••••••••••..••.••..•• IV 

Postgraduate Courses, Specialized and General .••••••.••.• V 

Rel'.D.a:ra ks .................................................. ,, VI 

I. Officers• Courses, General 

1. Officer Candid.ate Courses, ASF 

a. Corps of Engineers 

Signal Communication (including Signal secur~ty) 8 h~1 · 

FM 24-5* 

FM 24-18 TC-7~, 1944 

TF 11-2044 

b. Corps of Military Police 

Classified Military Information 

AR 380-5 

AR 380-10 

c. Ordnance Department 

FM 101-10 

Safeguarding Military Information 

AR 380-5 

d. Signal Corps 

Safeguarding Military Information 

AR 380-5 

1 hou:.. 

Cryptographic Security 2 hou··--

TM 11-469 AR 380-5 

TM 11-484 TB SIG 62 

CCBP-7 

Cipher and Code Sfstems {Brevity Codes and 

Converter M-209) 

TM 11-484 

TM 11-485 

TM ll-380 

TB 11-380-2 

TC 72, 1944 

Signal Center Procedure (including functions 

of Communication Watch Officer and Crypto- graphic Security Officer) 

FM 24-17 

8 hul:· 

2 l:.:.~.· 

. * For resumes of references, see Appendix. 

f'' Ai:·pendix 11E '' 

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SOI 1 s (including authentication systems and other cryptographic items) 

FM 24-5 ire 12, i944 

TC 74, 1944 

Radio Code and Procedure (including Transmission Security) 

TM 11-454 

TB SIG 2 

TB SIG 5 

TF 11-2044 

TF 11-2068 

e. Transportation Corps 

Signal Communication (including correct 

message writing, cryptographic and 

security measures) 

FM 24-5 

Safeguarding Military Inrormation 

TF 11-205 

TF 11-325 

AR 380-5 

2. Officer Candidate Courses, AGF 

a. General - All AGF Courses include: 

Safeguarding Military Infnrmation 

Military Censorship 

b. Armored.Corps 

' 

Operations and Prearranged Message Codes 

TC 5, 1945 

Converter M-209 

TF 11-1400 

Communication Security 

FM 24-5 

FM 21.H.8 

FM 101-10 

Authentication Systems 

TC 74,, 1944 

SOI 's and SSI 's 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-380 

TM 11-469 

AR 380-5 

TF ll-~044 

TC 72,, 1944 

Safeguarding Military Information 

WD Cir 407, 194!~ 

AR 380-5 

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TC 99, 1942 

2 hours 

3 hours 

l hour 

3 hours 

2 hours 

2 hours 

1 hour 

3 hours 

1 hour 

1 hour 

1 hOUl" 

2 h8ur: 

Appendix "r 

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G ONPIDEIM'fIAL 

c. Field Artillery 

Communication Principles (including 

Converter M~209, SOI's, operations codes, prearranged message codes) 

TM 11-380 FM 24-5 

3. Signal Officer, Basic (MOS 0251) 

Si~nal Center Procedure and Operation (included duties of cryptographic personnel, ~peration, and use of 

cryptographic systems and devices, 

preparation of SOI 1 s and SSI's, and 

communication security) 

AR 380-5 

FM 24-17 

Classified documents and equipment 

4. Officer Courses, AGF 

a. General - All AGF Officer Courses include: 

Military Censorship 

b. Field Artillery Officer 

Message Handling (including Converter 

M-209, cryptographic security, operations codes) 

FM 24-17 

TM 11-469 

TM 11-280 

TC 5, 1945 

Communications Countermeasures 

Specially prepared material 

c. Anti-aircraft and Artillery Officer 

Cryptography 

Converter M-209 

Authentication Systems 

SOI's and SSI 1 s 

Transmission Security 

d. Armored Officer 

e • 

Communication Security (including operation and prearranged message codes, authentication systems, Converter M-209) 

FM 24-5 

TM .11-380 

TB 11-380-2 

AR 380-5 

TC 5, 1945 

TC 74, 1944 

Cavalry Officer (hnrse and Mechanized) 

Cavalry Officer {Horse) 

Military Cryptography (including use of 

Converter M-209) 

TC 33, 1945 

13 hours 

44 hours 

1 hour 

10 hours 

2 hours 

l hour 

1 hour 

l hour 

1 hour 

J. hour 

8 hou:c-·. 

4 h'1u:r.; 

TM 11-380 

TC 74, 1944 

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f. Signal Corps Course for U.S.M.A. 

Graduates 

Signal Center Procedure and Operation (including duties of Cryptographic 

pers onne 1, and c ommunica ti on sec ur:t ty) 

CCBP-7 

AR 380-5 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-380 

TM 11-469 

TM 11-485 

TC72 1944 

TC 74, 1944 

TC 5, 19Lf5 

TB SIG 19 

WD Cir 21 

Division Field Problem (including cryptographic duties) 

(references as above) 

Higher Echelon Field Problem (including 

use of WD Cryptographic Systems) 

(references as above plus classified . d:::icuments and equipnient) 

Morse Code and Procedure (including familiarization with authentication 

systems) 

TC 74, 1944 TC 33, 1945 

5. United States Military Academy 

(Post War Curricula, 1945, which lists the broad 

phases 0f academic and tactical training contains n~ references tJ specific security subjects.) 

II. OFFICER COUR~ES, SPECIALIZED 

1. Army Security Agency 

a. Radio Traffic Analysis Officer (MOS 9605) 

Ba.sic Military Cryptography 

TM 11-484 TM 11-485 

Security (Safeguarding Military Information 

and Cryptographic Security) 

TM 11-469 

AR 380-5 

TC 74, 1944 

TC 5, 191l5 

TC 33, 1945 

TF 11-205 

TF 11-324 

TF 11-2044 

CCBP-7 

TBSIG 2 

SIGNAN-2 

SIGMAP-1 

b. Cryptanalytic Officer, General (MOS 9600) 

42 h:-iurs 

3 h::mr~, 

49 hours 

Subjects and referencessa.me as Radio Traffic 

Analysis Officer,, above, plus the followin.~: 

Appe':'ldix 11~3' 

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War Department Systems and Systems Analysis 

AR 380-5 

TM 11-380 

TM 11-460 

TM 11-469 

TC 74,, 1944 

TC 5,, 1945 

TC 33,, 1945 

TB 11-380-2 

TF 11-1400 

SIGNAN-2 

SIGMAP-2 

SIG INFO 

Classified documents and devices 

c. Cryptographic Equipment Maintenance and 

Repair Officer (MOS 9606-Cl) 

d. 

e. 

f. 

g. 

Security 

AR 380-5 

TM 11-469 

SIGNAN-2 

Classified documents and devices 

Cryptographic Equipment Maintena.nce and 

Repair Officer (MOS 9606-C2) 

Security 

AR 380-5 TB 11-380-2 

TM ll-380 SIGNAN-2 

TM 11-469 Classified documents and devices 

Cryptographic Equipment .Maintenance and 

Repair Officer (MOS 9606-03) 

Security 

AR 380-5 TM 11-469 

SIGNAN-2 Specially prepared 

ma. terial · 

Program of instruction for Communicati~n 

Security Instructors ( ASF and AAF ) 

Physical,, cryptographic and transmissi~n 

security,, War Department Cryptographic Systems and systems analysis,, traffic 

analysis and radio deception 

AR 380-5 

TM 11-469 

SIGNAN-2 

TB SIG 2 

TM 11-454 

TF 11-2044 

FM 24-10 

TM 11-460 

TM 11-460 

TB 11-380-2 

TF 11-1400 

TC 74,, 1944 

TC 5,, 1945 

TC 33,, 1945 

TM 11-380 

Classified documents 

and devices 

Program of instruction for Communication 

Security Instructors (AGF) 

Physical, cryptographic and transmission 

security Converter M-209,, field codes,, 

traffic analysis and radio deception. 

175 hours 

36 hour•., 

30 hou1··~ 

30 hou:;•s 

183 hours 

AppHndix "B 11 

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AR 380-5 

TM 11-460 

TM 11-380 

TB 11-380-2 

FM 2>+-10 

TC 74, 1944 

TC 5,, 1945 

TC 33, 1945 

FM 24-5 

TF 11-1400 

TB SIG 2 

TM 11-454 

TF 11-2044 

2. Army Service Forces, Signal Corps 

a. Si$nal Center Officer, 

(MOS 0224 ) and 

Si$nal Center Officer, 

(MOS 0222) 

Cryptographic 

Fixed Station 

Preparation of SOI's and SSI's 

TC 72, 1944 

TC 7~, 1944 

TC 5, 1945 

FM 24-5 

AR 380-5 

Signal Center Pr~cedure (including safeguarding military inf0rma.tion and communication security) 

TM 11-469 

TM 24-17 

AR 380-5 

Military Cryptography (War Department 

Systems) 

TM 11-469 

TM 11-484 

·TM 11-485 

TM 11·380 

TB 11-380-2 

AR 380-5 

Classified documents and devices 

Signal Center Operation (use 0f systems) 

FM 24-5 

·FM 24-17 

TM 11-469 

AR 380-5 

Classified documents and devices 

Combined Field Problem (similar to Signal 

Center Operation, above, but in the 

field) 

b. WAC Message Center Officer 

Military Cryptographic Systems 

TM 11-380 

AR 380-5 

TF 11-205 

Clo.ssified d0CUments and devices 

Preparation ~f SOI Items 

FM 24-5 TC 72, 1944 

Operati~n of Tactical Message Center 

AR 380-5 Classified documents and devices 

8 nm:..~ 

81 hot•.r·::: 

158 hours 

136 hours 

66 hou::·"J 

86 h0urs 

Appendix 11B 11 

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3. 

4. 

c. Telephone and Telegraph Officer, Inside 

Plant (MOS 0410) 

Signal Center ProcedU?>e (includin$ message drafting and traffic pro~essing) 

AR 380-5 

d. Radio Officer, Field (MOS 0501) 

e. 

Signal Center Procedure (includins message drafting and traffic processing) 

AR 380-5 

FM 21~-17 

TM 11-469 

CCBP-7 

PreparatiJn of SOI 

TB SIG 51 

TM 11-462 

Supply Officer, 

Supply Officer, 

TC 72, 1944 

Depot (MCG 4410) 

Administrative (MOS 

Safeguarding Military Information 

AR 380-5 MISC 929 

TF 30-950 

4411) 

Other ASF courses 

a. All officers of the Transportation Corps 

:receive: 

Security Measures 

AR 380-5 TF 11-325 

TF 11-205 

b. Military Pulicy Investigators Course 

Censorship and Safeguarding Military 

Information 

AR 380-5 FM 30-28 

Army Gr.Jund Fc.·rces 

a. Communication Officer, Infantry (MOS 0200) 

C :Jmmunico. ti on Pr:)cedures and Security (including Convertor M-209, cryptJ- graphic, physical, and transmission 

security) 

FM 24-17 

TM 11-469 

TM ll-380 

TB 11-380-2 

TB SIG 2 

b. Co~unication Officer, Armored C0rps (MOS 0220) 

Message Center Procedure (including handling of classified messages) 

FM 24-17 FM 24-5 

13 hours 

16 h --u,... .. '-J - L) 

2 h~:.U:"." ..... 

1 hour 

g h' 

Append"'...; 

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Authentica. tion 

TC 74, 1944 

FM 24-5 

Codes and Ciphers 

TB 11-380-2 

TM 11-380 

Communication Security 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-469 

TM 11-454 

FM 24-6 

TC 5, 1945 

TB SIG 5 

AR 380-5 

4 hours 

10 hours 

2 hours 

III. ENLISTED COURSES, GENERAL 

\.. 

...... .1 

I 

1. ASF basic training - The courses for all 

services include: 

Safeguarding Military Information and 

Military Intelligence 

TF 11-324 AR 380-5 

Basic Signal Communication (including protection of communication facili~ies and 

security) 

· FM 24-5 

2. AGF basic training - The courses of all 

Arms include: 

Safegua~ding Military Information and 

Cans 01.,ship 

AR 380-5 TF 11-205 

3. AGF Noncommissioned Officer training 

a. Field Artillery 

Safeguarding Military Ini'ormatiori 

SOI 's 

b. Cavalry 

Military Cryptography (including general 

principles, prearranged message codes 

and operations codes, authentication 

systems) 

TC. 74, 1944 

FM 24-5 

c • Armored Corps 

TC 33, 1945 

Communication Security (including Converter M-209, Authentication systems, and security in general) 

TC 5, 1945 TM 11-380 

TC 74, 1944 TM 11-469 

TB 11-380-2 AR 380-5 

2 hours 

3 hours 

1 hour 

1 hour 

~ 

1 hour 

3 hourf· 

8 hours 

Appendix "B 11 

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SOI's and SSI 1 s 

TC 72, 1944 FM 24-5 

IV. ENLISTED COURSES, SPECIALIZED 

1. Army Security Agency 

•. 

a. Traffic Analyst {Radio) (SSN 709) 

(Same subjects and references as Radio 

Traffic Analysis Officer, par. la, 

Sect II, above.) 

b. Intercept Operator, Fixed Station 

(SSN 799) 

Safeguarding Military Information 

AR 380-5 

AR 380-10 

TC 99, 1942 

Communication Security 

AR 380-5 

TM 11-469 

TC 33, 1945 

CCBP-7 

TF 11-205 

TF 11-324 

TM 11-469 

TB SIG 2 

TC 74, 1944 

TC 5, 1945 

TF 11-1400 

NOTE: Intercept operators and Control 

Chiefs, SSN's 538, 543, 738 and 739 

receive this instruction also. 

c. Intercept Operator, Fixed Station (SSN 799) 

(Short Course) 

Safeguarding Military Infurmation 

(Sa.me references as in b, above) 

d. Cryptographic Repairman (SSN 801-Cl) 

(Same subjects and references as in 

in par. 16, Sect II, above) 

e. Cryptographic Repairman (SSN 801-02) 

(Same subjects and references as in 

par. ld, Sect II, above) 

f. Cryptographic Repairman (SSN 801-03) 

(Same subjects and references as in 

par. le, Sect II, above) 

g. Cryptographer (Code Compiler) (SSN 807) 

2 hours 

72 hourf 

3 hours 

10 hours 

3 hours 

36 hours 

30 hours 

30 hou:-~ 

Basic cryptography, War Department systems, Systems analysis, SOI items of crypto- graphic nature, physical, cryptographic and transmission security, communication 

security organization, code and cipher compilation, production, distribution 

and accounting) 390 hours 

Appendix "B" 

- 9 -
0 ON.PIDI!3M!IAL 

e REF ID:A72363 -

AR 380-5 

FM 24-5 

FM 24-10 

FM 24-17 

TM 11-469 

TM 11-380 

TM 11-484 

TM 11-485 

TM 11-454 

TM 11-460 

TC 5 1945 

TC 74, 1944 

TC 33, 1945 

TB SIG-2 

TB 11-380-2 

TF 11-1400 

TF 11-324 

TF 11-205 

SIGNAN ... 2 

SIG INFO 

TF 11-2044 

CCBP-7 

WD Cir 91, 1944 

WD Cir 163, 1944 

Classiried documents 

and devices 

h. Cryptanalysis Technician (SSN 808) 

(Same subjects and references as in 

par. lb, Sect II, above) 

2. Army Service Forces, Signal Corps 

a. General - All enlisted specialists training 

at Eastern Signal Corps SchoolJ Fort Monmouth, N .J., receive:' 

Saregue.rding Military Information and 

.M:l li ta.ry Cena orship 

AR 380-5 

TF 30-1315 

TF 11-324 

All enlisted specialists trained at 

Central Signal Corps School, Camp Crowder, Mo., have received: 

Safeguarding Military Information 

AR 380-5 TC 99, 1942 

b. Teletype Operator (SSN 237) 

Signal Center Operations, Signal Security 

CCBP-7 

AR 380-5 

TF 11-2044 

WD Cir 342, 1944 

Elementary Military Cryptography 

FM 24-5 

CCBP-7 

AR ~80-5 

AR 380-10 

TM 11-380 

TM 11-484 

TM 11-485 

TF 11-205 

c. Message Center Clerk (SSN 667) 

Elementary Military Cryptography (including normal operations of 

authorized low level codes and 

ciphers, and Safeguarding Military Information) 

CCBP-7 

TM 11-380 

TM 11-484 

TM 11-485 

AR 380-10 

TF 11-1400 

TB 11-380-2 

TF 11-205 

AR 380-5 

175 hours 

2 hours 

1 hour 

3 hours 

30 hours 

68 hours 

Appendix 11B11 

- 10- ad/Se:.£..l:_ 
REF ID:A72363 e 

d. Facsimile Operator (SSN 893) 

Signal Center Operations (including signal 

security) 

AR 380-5 

TF 11-2044 

WD Cir 342, 1944 

e. Cryptographic Technician (SSN 805) 

Signal Center Procedure (including handling of· classified messages) 

FM 24-5 

FM 24-10 

FM 24-17 

Elementary Military Cryptography 

( :tncluding authentica. ti on and Converter M-209) 

CCBP-7 

TB 11-380-2 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-380 

TM 11-484 

TF 11-205 

TF 11-1400 

WD TC 74, 1944 

TM 11-485 

AR 380-5 

Advanced Military Cryptography (WD Cryptographic systems) 

Classified documents and devices 

f. Radio Operator, High Speed, Manual (SSN 766) 

Radio Procedure (including authenticat:ton 

and communication security) 

g. 

CCBP-7 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-469 

TB SIG 5 

TF 11-2044 

TM ll-454 

WD TC 74, 1944 

NOTE: Radio Operators SSN's 740, 777, and 

792, Radio Repairman, Single Channel Teletype, receive the same instruction. 

Radio Repairman, RCM (SSN 1648) and 

Radio Operator, ROM (SSN 1766) 

Safeguarding Military Information 

AR 380-5 

TF 11-205 

TF 11-324 

TF 11-325 

3. Other ASF courses 

e. Military Policeman (SSN 677) 

Transmisoion Security (in connection with 

voice radio instruction) 

TF 11-2044 

b. Physical Therapy Technician (WAC) (SSN 072) -----...... 

Safeguarding Military Information 

AR 380-5 

6 hours 

36 hours 

45 hours 

196 hours 

34 hours 

4 hours 

2 hour:-: 

1 hour 

- 11 -

Appendix "B 11 

ad/See 1 
------~------.-- ----- -----

e REF ID:A72363 • 

0 ONPIDB!Nlf'IAL 

4. Army Ground Forces 

a. Communication Chief, Infant~y (SSN 542) 

(Same subjects and references as in 

par 4a, Sect II, above) 

b. Radio Operator, Infantry {SSN 776 and 740) 

(Same subjects and references as in 

par 4a, Sect II, above) 

c. Radio Repairman, Infantry (SSN 648) 

Transmission Security 

d. Basic Communications Course, Parachute 

School 

SOI 's 

Converter M-209 

Security and authentication 

e. Radio Operators' Course, Parachute School 

Converter M-209 

Security 

SOI 's 

Authentication 

f. Message Center Course, Parachute School 

Cryptography 

SOI 's 

Security 

Converter M-209 Exercise 

g. Cqmmunication Chief, Armored Corps (SSN 542) 

SOI's and SSI 1 s 

TC 72, 1944 FM 24-5 

69 hours 

69 hours 

1 hour 

2 hours 

8 hours 

l hour 

4 hours 

1 hour 

1 hour 

2 hours 

32 hours 

1 hour 

1 hour 

12 hours 

3 hours 

Message Center Procedure (including handling 

of classified messages) 8 h:Ju.:;><. 

Authentication Systems 4 buttl ·· 

TC 74, 1944 

FM 24-6 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-454 

Codes and Ciphers (including Converter M-209J 

operations and prearranged message codes) 10 hm1;.•s 

TM 11-380 

TB 11-380-2 

- 12 -

TC 5, 1945 

Appendix 11B" 

ad/Eec 1 
REF ID:A72363 

Communiyation Security 2 hours 

FM 24-5 TB SIG 5 

TM 11-469 AR 380-5 

h. Radio Repairman, Armored Corps (SSN 648) 

Communication Security and Procedure 

FM 24-5 

TM 11-469 

AR 380-5 

TF 11-2044 

TC 74, 1944 

TB SIG 5 

V. POSTGRADUATE TRAINING, BOTH GENERAL AND SPECIALIZED I 

1. Command and General Staff School 

a. Air Course 

Safeguarding Military Information 

Signal Security 

Internal Se~urity and Censorship 

SOI's and Signal Annexes 

b. Ground Course 

Safeguarding Military Information 

Signal Security 

Internal Security and Censorship 

c. Service Course 

Safeguarding Military Information 

Signal Security 

Message Security 

Censorship 

d. Arm~-Navy Staff College Course 

No specific communication security subjects 

2. Signal Corps Advanced Officers' Course 

14 hours 

~ hour 

1 hour 

l hour 

1 hour 

i hour 

1 hour 

1 hour 

~ hour 

1 hour 

1 hour 

1 hnur 

Signal Agencies and Orders (including Safeguarding Military Inf' .::>rma ti on, pre para ti on of SOI 's and 

SSI 1 s 58 hc•.rc~ 

FM 24-5 

AR 380-5 

TM 11-380 

TC 72, 1944 

TC 74, 1944 

Radio Communication (including Transmission 

Security) 38 hnu:rs 

TB SIG 2 TF 11-2044 

Appenclix 11B 11 

- 13 - ad/Sec 1 
' REF ID:A72363 e 

0 O!iF IDBN'i'IAL 

Signal Center Procedure {including communication security and use of cryptographic systems) 

AR 380-5 

CCBP-7 

FM 24-17 

Classified documents and devices 

42 hOUI"B 

VI. REMARKS - 1. It is required under the provisions of War 

Department Training Circular 99, 1942, that all military personnel be given short lectures (15 to 20 minutes dura.t.ion) 

periodically during training on the subject of Safeguardtng Military Information. For personnel being prepnred :for overseas 

duty, further requirements in this matter a.re outlined in.the War 

Department publications, POM and POR. 

1 Incl 

Appendix - List of 

References 

- 14 -

Appendix "B" 

ad/Sec 1 
' . , REF ID:A72363 e 

0 Off.Ei'E*lN'I'IAL 

APPENDIX 

LIST OF REFERENCES 

Section 

Army Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 

Field Manuals . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II 

Tec.hnical Manuals ........... · ......... , . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . III 

Technical Bulle tins ........................ , . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . IV 

TI'J:Lining Circulars . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V 

'WD C ire ulars .... ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI 

Training Films ............. e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII 

Miscellaneous ............................................ VIII 

I. ARMY REGULA1rIONS: 

1. AR 380-5 "Safeguarding Military Information" - the 

basic regulation on security of military information within the 

Army. 

2. AR 380-10 -- Laws, Executive Orders, etc., Pertaining to 

Safeguarding Military Information. 

II • FIELD MANUALS : 

1. FM 24-5 -- "Basic Signal Communication" - a manwil on the 

funda.mentals of signal coJllillunica tion and communica. ti on S•3curi ty 

for all arms and services. 

2. FM 24-6 -- "Radio OperatQJ:' 1 s Manunl, Army Ground Forces" - a guide for the training of field radio operators in radtotelegraph 

procedure. This manual contains a section on station authenti- ,,. co. ti on. 

3. FM 24-10 -- "Combined Radiotelegraph (W/'11

) Procedure 11 -

approved transmission procedures for radiotelegraph. 

4. FM 24-1"{ -- "Signal Center and Message Center Pr·.:>cedure" - essentials of signal and message center installation and 

operation. A large portion of this manual is devoted to 

cryptographic security. 

5. FM 24-18 -- "Radi'J Communication" - basic informn.tion 

about radio communication essential to all personnel using radio 

as a means of communication. Each of the eomponents of communication security is treated briefly in this publication. 

6. FM 30-28 -- "Military Intelligence" - Regulation:s governing communications and censorship are covered by this 

manual. 

7. FM 101-10 -- "Organization, Technical and Logist:Lco.l Data" - a staff officers r manual containing a brief sect:Lon Wldet' 

Signal C::>nununication devoted to the E:ssentials of commun:Lcation 

security. 

III • TECHNICAL MANUALS 

1. TM 11-380 -- "Converter l•'l-209, M-209-A, M-209-B (Ciphers) 11 -

g~neral operating and maintenance instructions for the Ctmverter 

M-209. This mn.nual also c"Jntains instructions for the p1~eparation 

of pin and lug settings. 

Appendix "B" 

- 15 - ad/Sec 1 
• REF ID:A72363 e 

G ON.l?IDEN'i'IAL 

2. TM 11-454 -- "The Radio Opera tor" - for use in t::aaining radio operators. This m.anuo.l contains a section on phys.Leal,, transmission and cryptographic security. 

3. TM 11-460 -- 'Tiivision Field Code, Training Editton 

No. 2 11 - a. training edition of a typical two-part field code. 

4. TM 11-462 -- "Signal Corps Reference Data 11 -- a 1::ollection 

of data of general interest including inforniation on the speeds of 

various cryptographic systems. 

/' 5. TM 11-469 -- "Communication Security" - a. basic tnformation 

concerning the security of military communications and e:3tablisr~ed 

procedures for preserving that security. The individual components of communication security are treated in some detatl •. 

6. TM 11-484 -- "Elementary Military Cryptography" ~basic 

principles a.nd cryptographic systems. This manual conta:Lns a 

comparison between code and cipher systems, procedures fl)r the 

correction of errors and a list of fundamental rules for safeguarding cryptograms. 

7. TM 11-485 -- "Advanced Mili ta.ry CryptDgraphy" a.d·ranced 

military cryptographic systems (double transposition, poly- graphic substitution# combined transposition-substitution, 

code systems in general, enciphered code and cipher mach.tnes). 

J:V. TECHNICAL BULLETINS 

1. TB SIG 2 -- "Think Next Time" - a callee ti:>n of anecdotes 

illustrating the consequences of breaches of c0mmunication 

securitr. 

2. TB SIG; 5 -- "Defense Against Jamming" - jamming defense 

for the Commander and his staff, the signal officer and ~he 

radio operator, and countermeasures. 

3. TB SIG 19 -- ''Application of Teletypewriter and 

Automa.tic Ciphering Equipment to Fixed Radio and Wire CiPcui ts 11 -

general characteristics, principles and application of radioteletype systems adopted for fixed communieations in the Army, and the coordination of these systems with wire teletypeuriter facilities. 

4. TB SIG 51 -- "Tactical Call Words" - call words 

recommended for use in tactical communications. 

5. TB 11-380-2 -- "Message Keying Instructions for Converter 

M-209, M-209-A, M-209-B" - ge~eral enciphering and deciphering Procedures established for the Converter M-209. 

V. TRAINING CIRCULARS: 

1. TC 9~, 1942 - "Safeguarding Military Information" - a 

directive on security education containing lecture materj_al on 

safeguarding military informati:m and a list of topics to be avo:ida 

in comtersation. 

2. TC 72, 19~4 - "Signal Operation Instructions" - E.. guide for division sfgnal officers and their assistants in the pre- paration of SOI's and SSI 1 s. 

Appenc~ix "B 11 

- 16 - ad/Sec_l 
I L 

• 

REF ID:A72363 e 

C ONPIBBN'i'IAL 

3. TC 74, 1944 - "Authentico. tion Systems" ... emphasi3es the 

importance of' authentication as a secu:rity measure, expl11ins the 

rules and regulations governing all authentication syste:ns, and 

authorizes three specific systems for intra-Army and joint Arni.yNavy use and three emergency systems for intra-Army use ~nly. 

The three systems which are authorized for joint Army-Na1y use 

are also described in the Navy publication CSP 900 (A). 

(Amended by TC 33, 1945, below) 

4 ~ TC 5. 1945 .. "Operations Codes and Prea:rro.nged Mi~saage 

Codes, Compilation e.nd Use" - establishes uniform proced~res 

f:.)r the cor:ipile.tion and use of' operations codes and prea·rranged 

message codes'~ithin division or comparable organization, f~r 

separate tmits, and for A.AF units down to a.nd including '>Ting. 

5. TC 22, 1 1945 (Section II) -"Authentication System3 11 -

amendtJ.ents to TC 74, 1944. 

VI. WAR DEPARTMENT CIRCULARS: 

1. WD Cir 91,, 1944 - "Security Classifications" - agreement 

between Combined Chiefs of Staffs on the definition, cla3sification, and handling of matters to be safeguarded. 

2. WD Cir 163,, 1944 (Section II) - "Army Cou!'ier Se::::>vice" - instructions for the transmission of matter via Army Cou~ier 

Service • 

. 3. WD Cir 342,, 1944 {Section III) - "Military Information 11 -

pr~cedure for furnishing classified military information to 

other government departments, Federa.1 or State, or to co:r>p~)rations 

or indiv:tduals. 

4. WD Cir,4071 1944 (Sections II and III) - 11Messag13" - directi.:>na for the classification of communiques, etc., to be 

released to the public. Transmission of personal recorded 

messages is forbidden by this circular. 

5. WD Cir 21,, 1945 (Section I) - "Message Handling" - definitions or terms used in message handling. 

VII. TRAINING FILMS: 

1. TF 11-205 - 11 Sareguarding Military Inf or.ma ti on, Gryptogro.phic '' - correct procedures f0r handling cryptographic materia.l::sJ 

dispJsing or classified waste, and :maintaining the securlty or the 

code room. 

2. 'l'F ll-j24 ... "Safeguarding Military Informs. tion" • a. 

treatment of the necessity of safeguarding military information 

in general. 

3. TF 11-325 - "Safeguarding and Proper Handling of Classified Material" - this film deals with the handling of classified 

matter in general. 

4. TF 11-1iwo - ''Converter M-209" - opera ti on procedure. 

5. TF 11-2044 - "Radio Transmission Security" - gra:,:>hic 

illustrations of th~ necessityfbr observing transmission 

security regulations. 

6. TF 11-2068 - "Defense Againa t Radi.:i Ja.rnming 11 -

recor.imended procedure. 

Appendix 11B" 

- 17 - a.d/SecLl_ 
. . .. .. ~ . 

• REF ID:A7236-

7. TF 30-950 - "Next of Kin" - a. film depicting the often 

fatal results of breaches Qf general security discipline. 

e. T.F 30-1315 - "Postal Censorship" - ~,'general tre.9.tment 

of' the necessity for cens e>rship a.nd cans orship pr•ocedure. 

9. MISC 929 -- "Private Snafu in 1Sp1es 1 " - a.n a.nim3.ted 

cartoon treating general security practices. 

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS 

1. CCBP-J - "Combined Conununication Instructions" - a 

treatment of combined commwiicati::>n matters not fully dealt 

with in :)ther combined communication publicati0ns. This manual 

covers message drafting a.nd communication security 'in s~~e detail. 

2. SIGNAN-2 - "Cryptographic Communications, 1943" - a 

registered cryptographic publication covering principles underlying authorized cryptographic systems, cryptonets and cryptographic systems, cryptographic communication and rules f::>r 

cryptographic security. 

3. SIGMAP-2 - "Reports of C ::>mpror.11se of Cryptographic Material and Violations of Cryptographic Security'L a registered 

publication outlining procedures for reporting lmown or suspected 

compromises, violations of cryptographic security,, eva.lu.'3.ting 

violations of' cryptographic security and the effect of a compromise on systems,, and submitting cryptographed message3 to the 

Army Security Agency for study. 

4. SIGINFO - "Monthly Informational Document" - a m•3dium 

for the disser.:i.ina ti on of current miscellaneous informa ti.Jn on 

cryptographic systems,, procedures and material. 

Appendix "B .. 

- 18 - ad/Sec 1 
.. • REF ID:A7236-

C 6N.F IMN'fIAL 

'. 

APPENDIX "C II 

Report by Navy, Op-20-K-23 
:c 

Q 

' -

A. 

~F ID:A72363 

A.PPE1'1DIX 11 C" 

SUMMARY OF NAVY TRAINING IN COMiviUNICATION SECURITY 

Prepar~d for J.C.B. Purposes By Op-20-K-23 

PART I - GENERAL, BASIC TRAINING 

GENERAL BASIC TRAINING FOR OFFICERS, REGULAR AND RESERVE 

Item Nature of Material 

COUit'Iffi!IN'f'IAL 

Use 

1. &ea.manship Manual (1944} 

NavPers 16118 

Chapter 2::.., 18 pages-covers all phases for of!"icers. Is textbook for NROTC uni ts. 

Classirication, physical security, trans- Is textbook of Naval Academy. 

2. Naval Communications (1945) 

NavPers 16042 

mission security, cryptography security, Study of 1944-45 catalog 

preparation of dispatches, and processing shows that a maximum 0£ 4 

of dispatches are treated to extent needed or 5 - 90-minute periods 

by all officers for action and 5 eneral in- out of a total of 2,000 are 

formation. available for formal study 

of communication security. 

This represents .20'jo to .25% 

of total class time. 

ChaptBr IV -- 17 pages -- is devoted formally 

to communication security. It includes 7 pa5~s on handling of registered publications 

and 5 for Article 76 of Navy Regulations. 

The remaining 5 pab&s treat COMINST 4000 and 

4010, physical security, cryptoe,raphic 

security, the Navy crypto6 rapl ... ic plan, and 

transmission security in about equal proportions, with a paragraph or two f.bout 

personal security. A number 01· other 

topics are treated incidentally. 

It is used for reference and 

supplementary purposes by 

NROTC units and the Naval 

Academy. 

• 

I 
I\) 

= 

REF ID:A72363 

3. 

Iter.i 

Naval Orient~tion (1944) 

NavPors 16138 

4. Officer's Correspondence 

Course on Nava.l Qommunica tions 

Nature of Material 

Chapter 14 -- "Security of Naval Information" -- 8 pages -- covers personal security and Article 

76 mate;rial. 

Chapter 18 -- "~ecurity of' Naval Cornmunicationslt -- 13 pagos -- contains espiona~e material 

from DNC 10; DNC 10 anecdot~s on personal 

security and telephone admonitions; reports of compro~ise and anecdotes on physical security; 

4 pa~os on transmission security, and 3 pages 

of DNC 10 material on cryptographic security. 

Assignme:;nt No. 4 consists o:f true ... false, completion, and othbr new-type questions covering 

Chapter 4 of COMINST. 

Assignment No. 3 is based on Chapters 2 and 3 of 

COMINST, and thus cov~rs the socurity material 

in Chapt6r 2. 

B. GENERAL,, BASIC TRAINING FOR OFFICERS A4.D ENLISTED PERSONNEL 

1. Not~s on Communication 

Security (1943) DNC 10 

Contains popular, general tr~at:ment of all phases 

as understood and emphnsized in early 1943. 

Very readable. Covers processing, radio 

security, and even deception v~ry briefly. 

Emphasis is on physical and cryptographic 

security, with extensive account of methods 

and succ~sses of cryptanalysis in the first 

World ~ar. 67 pag8s. 

(Revision (1945)) now in preparation is more 

inclusive and ~ore comprehensive, Rnd som~­

what more advanced. Em.bodies much of wartime experience not covered by 1943 edition.) 

C O~i f'Ii)BN'i'IAL 

Use 

Used for refE::JI'ence and supplem6ntary purposes by 

NROTC units and the Naval 

Academy. 

Is a familiarity course for 

all officers but is not 

required. Was widely us6d 

bcf ore the war in training 

reserves. In January of 

this ye~r over 500 were 

enrolled. 

Widely read and very popular. 

100,000 copies were distributed to ships and shore 

stations. Used in communication. midshipmen, and 

indoctrination schools for 

reference and supplementary 

purposes. Probably reached 

more enlisted men than any 

other public~tion cont~ininb 

security material. 

• 

I 
= 

REF ID:A72363 

2. 

Item 

Security Bulletin 

OPNav 20-6 

3. Film MA.552 {TF 11-205) 

Crypto5raphic Security 

3A. Film MA 553 (TF 11-325) 

Safeguarding end Proper 

Handling of Classifit:Jd 

:Material 

C • FOR ENLISTED PERSONNEL 

1. Handbook for Uon-rated 

Men 

Nature of Material 

By January 1946, six issues of 24 pages and 

ono of 14 pages had bt:en publish~d. The 

articles deul with all phases of security 

in an arresting and readable manner, using 

current material and wartime ~xperience to 

make treatment timely and operational. Supplement for originators in three issues 

covered phases pertaining primnrily to orifuina tors and drafters of messages 

Mostly 2. lecture. May hi~ve been withdrawn. 

Applicabl& to all who handle messages. 

Also built around a lecture. General 

coverage. Applicable to all who handle 

classified matter. 

Communication security requirements for Q and 

oth&r specialist ratings are listed, but 

nothing about security -- not even personal nr.i.TtC'ln'"r'IC'llii-ln "'_ ..... __ ,. _ .... .-.!::' • 

2. Aside from Navywide posters and perhaps a movie or two such as "Next of Kin" 

on personal censorship, no general, basic training was nrovided for all 

enlisted personnel. 

a OnPifli!llff ttL 

Use 

Circulation plat6au was 20,000 

copies. It ~ent to all ships 

except LCI(L)'s and a faw 

other small types, to most of 

the lar~er shore stations, 

and to many MarCorps and coast 

Guard activities. BuPers 

distributdd 1,000 to selected 

schools undor its cognizance 

on the basis of one for each 

instructor. 

Wide distribution among enlisted 

personnel in communications 

was encouraged throughout the 

N&vy, end the classification 

was kept low in order to permit such use. 

381 prints distributed by Nnvy. 

693 prints distributed. Now 

obsolete. 
::: 

REF ID:A72363 

PART II -- SPECIALIZED TRAINING 

A. SPECIALIZED TRAINING FOR OFFICERS 

Item Nature of Aiaturial 

1. The Communication Officer· This ?6-page pamphl~t contains 4 paragraphs 

{Revised 1945-6 NavPers 16101) on security as such but contains a para- ~raph or more on each of the following 

security-relatod topics: registered 

publications, recognition si~nals, codes 

and ciphers, coding board, paraphrasing, 

drafting messages, clearing garbles, 

censorship, radio security, codress, and 

wave propagation (misleading as to security 

of VHF). 

2, Curriculum for Officers Class,Of total of 535 hours of lectures and practical 

Submarine School, New London, work, 99 are devoted to communications. 

Conn., NavPers 16391 (replace- Lecture No. l under communications is 

3. 

ment) October 1945. devoted primarily to security. Lecture 

Practical Joint Commu..nications 

{Harvard) 

NavPers 16398 May 1945 

No. 15 covers registered mail and classified 

files, and Lecture No. 16 is about cryptographic security. Enemy deception is one 

of the topics in No. 17. About 10 hours of 

the practical work s~ems to pertain to 

security7 making a total of 13i hours presumably d~voted to security. 

Tho topic of publications (3 2-hr. periods), 

radio in convoy (2 2-hr. periods), codes and 

ciphers (16 2-hr. periods), and transmitters 

(6 hrs.) inevitably involve security, but 

there is no indication of the extent to which 

5Gcuri ty ma.y be COT!ered in thA stndy of Joint. 

amphibious, advanced base, and other phases of 

cornnmnica. tions • 

Use 

Is used as the communication officer's t~xt in 

NROTC units, according to 

BUPers, and is on initial 

commissioning allowance 

list for units afloat. 

As indicated. Texts are 

DNC 5, NavPers 16101 

Revised, and instruction 

booklet for crypto systems. 

As indicated. Lists Pac 

?O{B), DNC 5, DNC 10, 

RPS 4(B), Security 

Bulletin and instruction 

booklots for crypto systems among the texts. 

,.. 

.. 

I 
~ :::::. 

'd 

lrj 

CD 

1: g, 

...... 

x 

.6 

= 

REF ID:A72363 

4. 

Item 

Dispatch Drafting Manual 

(1945) 

NA Vll'IC 1024-DPP 

4A. Dispatch Drafting and Use 

of the Field Message Book 

(Revised Nov. 1944) 

NAVMC 3589 

5. 20-K Lectures and slldes 

6J 20-K Security School 

Nature of Matorial 

Section 2, "Dispatch Drafting," - 20 pa.ges, 

covers drafting much as Ch2pter 2 of COMINST 

does, with e.ttention to security applications 

and two pases of play-by-play instructions for 

paraphrasing, mode.led after the mat(..ri~~l in 

DNC 10, 

Appendix I, 20 pages, contains much of Article 

76, ll.R., and circular letter re top secrfJt 

control and code words. Appendix II, 4 pages, 

conte.ins more rtbout code nrunes und related 

matters. 

Subst~ntially the same us NAVMC 1024-DPP, 

described above. 

The "Bureau Lecture" for originators and draft~rs of mess· ~~s cov~red the measures 

applicable and tf.:.(.. rc.aaons for the existE.:nce 

of these measures. 

The cours(;j wr:.s an advunced course r.ds.ptcd to 

the needs of the officers attending, but 

usually ran one or two weeks and covered 

all phases of security rather intensively. 

CGNFIDtlN'fIAL 

Use 

Compiled by the Marine 

Corps Schools for general 

use by msssase drafters. 

Published for instructional 

purposes chiefly in the 

Marino Corps School at ~uantico (command and 

staff course). 

It w~s ~iven dozens of tim~s 

in the Bureaus of the rJavy 

Department, o.t lcluantico, 

nnd at various points in 

continesnto.l United StatE::s 

before 40 to 100 or more 

officers at a time. 

Mor6 than 1,000 offic~rs 

took this course, especially instructors from 

communication schools. 

,,.. 

, 

.e 

• 

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' 
REF ID:A72363 

Item 

7. Exercises. Issued by 

Commander &an Diego 

Shakedown Group FOTC 

Pacific. Revised 15 

March 1945 

8. Catalog -- U. S. Naval 

Academy Postgraduate 

School -- 1945-46 

9. Wa.r College, Newport 

Course outlines 1945-46 

Nature of Material 

Most of the 400 exercises contain a section on 

communications and this section contains 

security overtures even tholl8h security is 

not mentioned. There are 13 communication 

exercises, which include drills in radia 

direction finders, TBS, radio, visu&l 

methods, and recognition. 

Out of the 18 courses in communications which 

are listed, one (N-13) is devoted specifically to communication security and most 

of the others apparently involve one or 

more of the four phases of security to 

some extent. 

Staff Class. R~ferences to be read: Art. ?6 

N.R., Chapters 2and 4 of COMINST, DNC 10, 

RPS 4 and 6, and the following chapters 

of Pac 70(B): Chapter 4, Authentication; 

9, Radio Silence and Radio Security; 13 Radio 

Interf'e;rence; 26, RCiVI: and 36, Reg. Pubs and 

Coding Boards. The reading was supplemented h ....... +.r-11~- , __ "-_ ...... ,_ .. .P_ .... _ ---.. ----~ "'"""= .,, .. ' , ... _. •- u·' r·. UJ UU.J-.<\.,_, \}'""'· U.J..J .L.L UJJL Q..11..!J-0.1 J..C.1.!Ut:i} U:J 1::1 t.U ti .Lt. 

officers on various phases of operational com- ~unica tions, demonstr~tions of crypto &ids at 

NOB communication office, a lecture by officer 

from CNO, and exerci::i;:,c i;.1 iriu:1saf;e r.::--afting, 

and study of cor.imunicr .. i.J, o ..... ~..:. 

GONFIDElN'fD\L 

Use 

Distribution limited ~ostly 

to fleet training activities 

of various kinds and CO•s 

or prospective co•s of all 

vessels operating or scheduled to operate under FOTC 

Pacific. 

N-13 ana four others (N-7, 

N-10, N-17-18) are prescribed for the general 

line curriculum. N-13 

is one of three listed 

for electronics engineering, 

and it is one of 12required 

in the applied connnunications curriculum.. N-16 

(correspondence) with 10 

hours of practical work, 

is included in the aero- lo~ical en~ineering curriculum. 

As indicated. The December 

class was the second such. 

None currently in session. 

, .. 

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= 

REF ID:A72363 

Item 

10. Army-Navy Starr College 

Nature of Material 

Command and Staff Clo.as. This als.o runs about 

five months or 100 days, of which one week 

early in the course is allocated to communications for fumiliarity and refresher 

study, and one day of th.ct Wb&k ls given to 

socurity and includes reading CNO lecture, 

review of registered publication system, 

and survey of crypto aid system. Security 

enters informally into seminar work and study 

of communication plans. 

Beginning in July, the course will run 11 

months and will cover communications thus: 

I 

II 

Instruction and study 

(includes CND lecture and total of 

day or two formally to security 

•••• 8 working days 

Research and analysis -- Studies 

of specific World War II operations 

•••• 4~ working days 

III Practical npplication 

Communication planning exercises and 

preparation of communication plans 

•••• 24 hours 

The courses are in tent~tive form~ but Capt. 

V/illiam B. Baile;y (Navy) has assured 20-F-3 th~t thGre is ample coveraLe of cornmunica tions and security throubhout. Both topics 

are woven into th~ courses, however, instead 

of being tre;ated ap~rt from other phases of 

operations as separate units of study. 

GQl'lFIDE!M'.fIAL 

Use 

As indicated. 

As indicatEid. 

e 

e 

e 

e. 
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CD ::s 

0 Pr 

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REF ID:A72363 

B. SPECIALIZED TRAINING FOR OFFICERS AND ENLISTED PERSONNEL 

1. 

Item 

Communications Handbook (1944) 

Opi:lav 33-N4-17 

2. Radio Discipline Sense 

(1945) NavAer OO-BOQ-24 

3. 

4. 

S6curity bense (1944) 

NavAer 00-80Q-16 

Are Destroyer Radiomen 

Readyii- for Battle? ( ComDesPs.c) 

Nature of Material 

"Security of Publicntions", 2t pages, treats 

losses, portinb of compromise, use of 

publications in aircraft and destruction in 

case of c.. forced lo.nding. Incidental security topic is the use of hand sign~ls to 

avoid breaking r~dio silence -- ,Paees 7-8. 

Handbook is 176 pagos, 4n - 5-3/411 , with consider~ble color work and plastic binder. 

T:i:1is pamphlet cove.rs :radio security only as 

it pertains to aircraft, especially voice 

radio. Topics include tuning, phraseology, 

procedurb, plain languaee disclosure, frequency shifts, and radio silence. 24 pages, 

breezy style, larg& type, curtoon-type 

illustrations. 

Treats personal censorship forcefully, 

&ntertainly, and pructically, with wisecracks, anecdotes, and illustrations. 

Closes with a list of 10 topics to avoid 

in WP.rtime • 

Cov6rs·a11 phases of radio security, especially procedure but does it informally by emphasis 

on correct procedure, authentication, call 

sign boneration, tuning, t6sting, and oth&r ekill~. '!f·ry l"hnllEing-i.ng. Contains illustrations. 

ii-Lt. Kloss thinks this is about the only op&rational one that has much to do with 

communication security, but remembered that a nurnb~r of coI?lI'1ends such i,s the 

Central Precorru.'1:!.sBic.:::1:!.~g Uni::; in New York got out: n .,.. u....,~h.-!' 0.f' pnr: lj_c:a tions. 

CQNFID:SN'l'HtL 

Use 

For aviation officers and 

enlisted personnel. 

Primarily for pilots. Used 

principally by primary, 

fleet and operational 

trainin6 commands. 

Special requests within 

aviation and to some extent outside have totalled 

5,000 - 10,000 copies. 

Same as "Radio l>iscipline 

Sense 11 above. 

Widely distributed by 

CornDesPac to units 

afloat. BuPers printed 

10,000 copies and sent 

some to each radio school. 

e 

e 
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REF ID:A72363 

5. 

Item 

Guide to Communications ror 

the Lar~er Types of Landing 

Craft - Atlantic Fleet 

Training Comm.and, M~y 1944 

6. Signal Communication in The 

Marine Infantry ReLiment 

(1945) 

7. 

MCS 3-101 

NAVMC 3919 

Combat Intelligence (1945) 

MCS 3-1 

NAVMC 3778 

Nature of Material 

This is an outline rather than a text. One 

of 14 subjects in the "curriculum" is communication security, and security is involved to some extent in other subjects, 

such as messages and drafting, publications, 

encryption and decryption, and radio communications. Treatment is to b~ found largely 

in references rather than the booklet itself. 

For security, these consist of NOTES, Chapter 

4 of Cominst, t=~nd Article 76 of N.R. Frontispiece is a good cartoon, "Is Your Message 

Really Necessary?" 

Contains a reference or two to security phases 

of messu0 e center operation, almost a pa0 e 

on "Security considerations in using radio", 

and mention on security in connection with 

a voice radio net. 

Sectio! 5, 11 Counterintellie,cnce 11 , 11 pages, is 

largely about security. It covers: 

Secrecy discipline Conceal~ent of troops and their 

activities 

Classification of documents 

Signal cornr.lunicntion security, including 

censorship {3 pu6es) 

count er propaganda 

There is a partial recap pp. 159-60 and 

some mention of s~curity incidentally in ~!"."!'li~r sections -- p. 100, for i:-xf'mpll?, 

CONF'If)EN~!:AL 

Use 

The "Communication Curriculum" 

prescribes security for SM, 

QM, RdM, RT, RM, and all 

officers. Messages and 

drafting is listed for all 

officers, destruction of 

publications for communication officers only. 

For both field and instruc~ 

tional u5e apparently, 

even thoubh cover says 

"For Instructional Purposes 

Only." 

Chiefly instructional 

MarCorps schoolsj some 

use in the field indicated also. 
I 

)-1 

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REF ID:A72363 

C. SPECIAJ.,IZED TRAHUNG FOR ENLISTED PERSONNEL 

1. 

Item 

Recommended Mutbrial for a 

Course in Communication 

Security for Radio 3chools 

(Revis6d 1945) 

NavPers 16400 

2. BuP~rs rating manuals 

for radio, sonar~en, 

-~-~n1~r~ n~~ A~~O~Q• LJ ..&.e!).&..L(..4•.LH,V.A..L' i......,,._ - ..,,.,,...,,, - - ;I 

also handbook for nonra tGd men. 

Nature of Material 

A 22-pab~ outline for luctur8s: 

l. Personal censorship ••••••••••••• 2 pages 

2. Introduction to s~curity -- COMINST 4000 and 4010 plus trans~ission methods in order o~ bvCUl~ity, m6thods of 

nchi8ving radio security, and 

authentication ••.•••••••••••••••• 3 pages 

3. Physical security -- handling, 

stowing, accounting, destroying, 

and rGporting d8struction of 

classified m.att8r ••••••••••••••• 3 pages 

4. Radio s~curity -- rndio security activiti~s, do's and 

don'ts for operators, radio 

silence and circuit di .cipline, 

protecting call sign~, protecting 

codes e.nd ciphers, foiling deception •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 pages 

Examples and anecdotes -- th&re are 

41, mostl:r fro:rl DITC 10 and Security 

Bulleti.i1, with ndditional refc:ronces 

to latt~r ••••••.••••••••••••••••.••• 8 pages 

Noted virtually no ..C'OfE:re::nces to security. 

Bven such security measures as use of 

rrdni.m1m1 aperture for ·visual ar.d. avoiding 

long call-ups by r•a.dJ.otolEigra.i.Jh are not 

as a rule pr8sented. Except that this 

defect will be largG~J remedied iP nbw 

series now b~.Ji n~. ~.1•t.•Xt .'.'' .. d. 

GOWFIBBN9?IAL 

Use 

Used in all radio, communication and signal 

schools und&r BuPers 

cognizance. 

For advancement ~n rating. 

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REF ID:A72363 

Item 

3. Film MN 2621 - Radio 

Transmission by Hand 

Sending 

4. Film MA 3809-10 (Navy 

number) TF 2044 (Army 

number) 

5. 

Radio Transmission 

5ecurity 

20-K lectures and slides 

. Nature of Material 

Communication socurity requirements are listed 

for certain Q and other specialist ratings 

but THERE IS UOTHING ABOUT Sl!:CURITY IN THE 

BASIC BOOK FOR NONRATED MEN, not even 

personal censorship. 

The fourth reel, MN 262ld, depicts s&veral typ~s of operators who aru a hazard to the 

Navy. 

Tells the story of an Alli6d expedition from 

North Africa to Italy, showing how carelessness and poor circuit discipline on 

the part of one or two operators almost 

causes the landing to fail. 

Topic was transmission security -- all 

phases portaining to radio. 

GONF'IDEN'f'IAL 

Use 

These films went mostly to 

training aid activities to 

be reissued or loaned to 

othbr activities making 

requisition. The number 

of prints thus distributed 

by BuAcr was eiven as 

follows on 9 January 1946: 

a. 536 c. 500 

b. 534 d. 782 

The numbers to whom these 

films wore shown were not 

obte.inable. 

159 prints of MA 3809 were 

distributed as indicated 

above, 2 of MA 3810. 

Lecture was given b~fore 

large audiences of radio 

operators and other radio 

personnel at B~inbrid6e 

and several other points 

in continental United 

States. 

.• 

' )I 

I 
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0 & 

...... ....... >4 

r5 

= 

REF ID:A72363 

Item 

6, 20-K Training Program 

Nature of Material 

Courses for Q Specialists covered Chapter 4 

of COMINST and other secu!'i ty ref(::rences. 

Use 

s~veral hundred took one of 

these courses in p!'eparation 

for duti~s or advancement in 

rating in one of the sections 

of enc or one of their overseas units. 

, .. 

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• REF ID:A7236-

APPEJIDIX ''D II 

DRAFT 

MEMORANDUM FOR: SecretaryJ Joint Security Committee 

Subject: Education in Communications Security 

1. At its meeting on 1946J the Joint Comm.u- ------- nications Board considered the problem of training in c~mmunications security and approved the conclusions and recomnendation~ 

stated in the re~ort of the !.£ .h.2.£ Committee on Security of 

Communications. (J .c .B. ) 

2. The Joint Security Committee is directed to con3ider 

the various types of training in communications security given 

in the Army Ground Forces, Service ForcesJ Air ForcesJ 13.nd in 

the Navy, an outline of which is appended hereto, and to prepare 

for publication as a JANP a general security pamphlet di;, signed 

for enlisted personnel. This pamphlet should be similar to 

DNC 10 and the BuAer Sense Pamphlets of the Na~ry, like 

publications of the Army, and would draw from the exper'Lences 

of both services and especially from joint communications during 

the war. 

3. The Jo~nt Security Committee, in preparing the ~oregoing 

pamphlet will consider the following aspects of communi1~e.tions, 

which from a security point of view, were unsatisfa.ctor:r during 

the recent war: 

~· Aircraft communications. Circuit discipline, 

procedure, monitor control, and use of plain language 

fell short of acceptable minimum standards. 

b. Use of voice radio by surface craft. Plain 

language disclosures were frequent, numerous, and 

serious. Failure to realize the range of possible 

interception at frequencies o~ 30-100 me. was one 

- 1 -

Appendix 11D" 

ac./Sec 1 
' 

• REF ID:A7236-

of the reasons, and failure to write or think out 

messages before transmission was another. Circuit 

discipline was unsatisfactory in many instances. 

Q• Message length, both on voice nets and radictelegraph circuits. The resulting overloads affected 

the security of crypto systems and fatigued communica~ion personnel to the point where e~ficiency and 

alertness were impaired. The only conceivable 

solution is briefer messages, better operation especially on voice circuits, and elimination of un.~ecesaary 

procedui~e. Studies during the war showed that message 

length could be reduced up to 40% or 50%. 

d. Overclassification and use of excessively high 

precedence. These were widespread violations. Overclassification tended to destroy respect for all 

classi~ications, and excessive use of precedence ma3 

have facilitated enemy traf'fic analysis somewhat, ir.. 

addition to delaying messages of great urgency and 

destroying the values of precedence. 

~· Transmission violations, especially off-frequency 

operation and incorrect authentication. Unauthorized 

conversation and incorrect procedure were also prominent 

among "violations to be eliminated in peacetime tra.ining. 11 

f. Service messages. The percentage rose to 2C1 and 

above in certain areas. It was substantially reduced 

through the efforts of security units but remained rnnecessa.rily high • 

.B.. Errors in encryption. The number remained r 1g·'1.. 

A majority were unnecessary and could have been a.voided 

• 

readily. The practice of assigning new and inexperienced 

officers to crypto duty appears to have been a major 

cause of such errors. 

Apper..dix "D 11 

- 2 - ad/Se.£...1 
--~-~---~--

•• REF ID:A7236. 

0 ON.fi' IDElN'fIAL 

h. Physical security. The number of occasions 

of loss of cryptographic documents were unneeessaril1 

high in both servicesJ and was due largely to carelessness and lack of understanding of the importance of 

close safeguarding on the part of using and responsible 

personnel. 

- 3 -

Appendix 11D 11 

ad/Sec 1 
• REF ID:A7236-

APPENDIX "E II 

DRAFT 

MEMORANDUM FOR: Secretary, Joint Security Committee 

Subject: Education in Communications Security 

1. At its meeting on ------- 1946, th~ Joint Communica.tions Board considered the problem of training in cc·mmunications security and approved the conclusions and reco~1endations 

stated in the report of the~ h2.£ Committee on Security of 

Communications (J.C.B. ) --- 2. The Joint Security Committee is directed to coneider 

the various types of training in communications security given 

in the Army Ground Forces, Service Forces, Air Forces, and in 

the Navy, an outline or which is appended hereto, and tp prepare 

for publication as a JANP a general security pamphlet designed 

for officer personnel. This pamphlet should be similar to the 

pamphlet for enlisted personnel and should contain in a~dition, 

doctrine regarding the preparation of messages with particular 

emphasis on brevity and clarity, classification of messages, 

assignment of precedences, etc. Such a pamphlet should be 

directed at the officer with command responsibilities and should 

emphasize the purpose and importance of communications security 

and the danger resulting from inaccurate security. 

3. The Joint Security Committee, in preparing the foregoing 

pamphlet will consider the following aspects of communic~tions, 

which from a security point of view, were unsatisfactory during 

the recent war: 

' a. Aircraft communications. Circuit discipline, 

procedure, monitor control, and use of plain language 

fell short of acceptable minimum standards. 

b. Use of voice radio by surface craft. Plain 

Appendix "E" 

- 1 -
. .., ' • REF ID:A7236 • 

0 O:NPIDBN'±'Y .. L 

language disclosures were frequent, numerous, and 

seriou~. Failure to realize the range of possible 

interception at frequencies of 30-100 me. was one of 

the reasons, and failure to write or think out messages 

before transmission was another. Circuit discipline 

was unsatisfactory in many instances. 

£• Message length, both on voice nets and radiotelegraph circuits. The resulting overloads affected 

the security of crypto systems and fatigued communication 

personnel to the point where efficiency and alertness 

were impaired. The only conceivable solution is briefer 

messages, better operation especially on voice circuits, 

and elimination of unnecessary proce~ure. Studies during 

the war showed that message length could be reduced up 

to 40% or 50%. 

d. Overclassification and use of excessively high 

precedence. These were widespread violations. Overclassification tended to destroy respect for .all 

classifications, and excessive use of precedence ma~ 

have facilitated enemy traffic analysis somewhat, in 

addition to delaying messages of ~reat urgency and 

destroying the values of precedence. 

e. Transmission violations, especially off-frequency 

operation and incorrect authentication. Unauthorized 

conversation and incorrect procedure were also prominent 

among "violations to be eliminated in peacetime training •II 

r. Service messages. The percentage rose to 20 

and above in certain areas. It was substantially reduced 

through the efforts of security units but remained ll.Ilnecessarily high. 

g. Errors in encryption. The number remained high. 

A ma.jority were unnecessary and could have been avoided 

Appendix "E" 

- 2 - ad/Sec 1 
REF ID:A7236. 

readily. The practice of assigning new ahd inexperienced orr1cers to crypto duty appears to have 

been a major cause of such errors. 

h• Physical security. The number of occasions 

of loss of cryptographic documents were unnecessaril1 

high in both servicesJ and was due largely to carelessness and lack o~ understanding of the importance of 

close safeguarding on the part of using and responsible 

personnel. 

• 

Apper.d:\.x "E 11 

- 3 - ad/Se.£..1. 
' 

\ \ ) ~-- .... .' 

I I 

I 

I 

~ 

I 

·/ 

\ 

ID:A723 

c omr IeEN'i'IAL 

APPENDIX "F II 

DRAFT 

MEMORANDUM TO WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS 

Subject: Education in Communications Security 

1. On ------ 1946,, the Joint Communications Bou.rd 

considered the problem of education and training in communications security and recommends: 

. ~· The continuation of the training programs 

in communication security tha.t existed during the 

war as the minimum desirable. All courses should 

place strong emphasis on the lessons learned, the 

losses suffered, and the disciplinary action taken 

as the result of breaches of approved security 

practices in order to help forestall the development, later, of carelessness on the job. 

b. The inclusion of general courses L2 Gcr1~unicatiop.s security in the basic training of' 1:-;r_:1sted 

personnel, and at all pre-officer and officer schoolH. 

c. The inclusion in reserve officer training 

programs of courses in communications security. 

2. The foregoing is sent to the War/Navy Department for 

necessary action. A similar memorandum is being sent to the 

Navy/War Department. 

- 1 -

J 

_l 

Appendix "F" 

ad/Sec 1