UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

NOV 0 8 201Z 

MEMORANDUM 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Trifloxystrobin (129112) 

FROM: 

THRU: 

Tara Chandgoyal, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist ~ ~:f! Biological Analysis Branch ~ ~ ~ 

Rafael Prieto, Environmental Protection Specialij}j L I ~ ~f jU)) 0 

Science Information and Analysis Branch (/I'''{~ 

Andrew 

Economic 

Lee, 

Analysis 

Economist 

Branch 

:(0( \.....J<; ~ fAA. l ~ 

Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P 

Amet 

Biological 

Jones, 

Analysis 

Chief 

Branch {_}t--¥(; /.) ~ 

Diann Sims, Chief LJc~ Science Information and Analysis Branch 

Timothy Kiely, Chief ~ Economic Analysis Branch ~ J . · 

Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7 ) 

TO: Moana Appleyard, Chemical Review Manager 

Risk Management and Implementation Branch 5 

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) 

Product Review Panel date: October 17, 2012 

INTRODUCTION 

The purpose of this document is to convey usage information and a broad overview of the pest 

management roles of pesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The 

anticipated audience consists of the team of EPA staff currently evaluating the registration status 

oftrifloxystrobin and eventually the general public. This document builds upon the data already 

provided in the "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also provided to Registration 

Page 1 of7 
Review teams by BEAD. The document is based on information and data available to BEAD as 

of October 19, 2012. 

Trifloxystrobin is a fungicide that belongs to group 11 of fungicide as per Fungicide Resistance 

Action Committee (FRAC, 2012). Trifloxystrobin is locally systemic, broad-spectrum fungicide 

with preventative and specific curative activity and displaying rain-fastness. It is used on a wide 

range of agricultural and horticultural crops in temperate, sub-tropical ·and tropical climates in 

open fields and glasshouses. 

Trifloxystrobin was first registered in 2000. 

HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FOR TRIFLOXYSTROBIN 

Section 18s Status: BEAD did not find any active section 18 on this fungicide 

(http://cfpub1.epa.gov/oppref/section18/searchresult.cfm). In 2007 Louisiana requested an 

emergency use of this fungicide on sugarcane to control rust disease but the request was 

withdrawn because the state could not substantiate its emergency conditions. Similarly, in 2007, 

Indiana requested an emergency use of this fungicide on vegetables and a legume to control rust 

but the request was withdrawn because the state could not substantiate emergency conditions. 

A Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED) was not issued for trifloxystrobin. 

There is a SLUA available for trifloxystrobin. 

COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS 

Trifloxystrobin is formulated as water dispersible granules. This chemical's application methods 

are aerial, banded, broadcast, chemigation, ground, seed treatment, and spot treatment. 

USE SITES 

Agricultural Uses 

Trifloxystrobin is registered for use on rice, com, soybeans, wheat (winter and spring), grapes 

(wine, table, raisin), peanuts, pecans, apples, sugar beets, almonds, cherries, citrus, hazelnuts, 

pears, pistachios, peppers, celery, cotton, peaches, walnuts, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet com, 

plums/prunes, cucurbits, dry beans/peas, apricots, cauliflower, strawberries, onions, mangoes, 

hops, lettuce, carrots, cotton, and others. · 

Non-Agricultural Uses 

Trifloxystrobin is registered for use on conifers/forest trees, ornamental and/or shade trees, 

ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns and turf (including ornamental non-flowering 

plants ornamental woody shrubs and vines. 

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USAGE 

Agricultural Uses 

From 2006-2011, and based on private market pesticide usage data, trifloxystrobin's annual ' 

agricultural usage averaged 311,000 pounds of active ingredient (A. I.) treating an average of 7 

million acres, for an average application rate of0.044 pounds per acre. 

From 2006-2011, com (23%), soybeans (20%), and rice (16%) accounted for the largest 

percentages of usage in terms of total pounds of A. I. applied. For the same time period (2006-

2011), in terms of total area treated, soybeans (44%), com (14%), and cotton (8%) accounted for 

the largest percentages. Note that where the proportion of pounds applied exceeds the proportion 

of acres treated, as in the case of com and rice, the application rate will be higher than the overall 

average of 0.044 pounds per acre. Conversely, where the proportion of acres treated is greater 

than the proportion of pounds applied, as in soybean and cotton, the application rate will be 

lower than the overall average. 

As seen on Table 1 below trifloxystrobin's top states in terms of both pounds (lbs.) applied and 

total area treated (TAT) are California, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and 

Minnesota. As with the crops, when the proportion of pounds applied exceeds the proportion of 

area treated, the application rate in the state will be higher than average. See, for example, 

California and Arkansas. In states such as Iowa and Minnesota, where the proportion of area 

treated is greater than the proportion of pounds applied, the application rate is lower than the 

average. 

(Proprietary data, 2006-2011). 

Figure 1 depicts trifloxystrobin agricultural usage, in terms of pounds applied (Proprietary data, 

1999-2011). Trifloxystrobin was registered for use on com and soybean in 2006 

(http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2006-0l-04/html!E5-8273.htm). The rapid increase in 

fungicide usage (2006-2011) on com and soybeans may be due claims of plant health benefits 

(http://www .research. bayer .com/ en/20-stress management.pdfx?forced). 

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Fi re 1. Pounds of Triflo 

200,000 

0 

Year 

---Rice 

---Corn 

Soybeans 

Other Crops 

"Other'' refers to (in order of high to low average pounds applied): Winter wheat, wine grapes, peanuts, 

spring wheat, pecans, apples, sugar beets, table grapes, raisin grapes, almonds, cherries, oranges, 

grapefruit, hazelnuts, pears, pistachios, cantaloupes, watermelons, peppers, pumpkins, celery, cotton, 

squash, peaches, walnuts, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet corn, plums/prunes, cucumbers, dry beans/peas, 

apricots, cauliflower, strawberries, and onions. Source: (Proprietary data, 1999-2011) 

Figure 2 shows overall trend oftrifloxystrobin use from 1999 through 2011 (Proprietary data, 

1999-2011). As noted above, the upward trend is largely driven by increased use on corn and 

soybean. The upward trend also implies that the averages for the 2006-2011 period presented 

above may underestimate future use. 

Fi re 2. Total Pounds of Trifloxystrobin A lied on All Reported Cro s from 1999-2011 

600,000 

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 

Year 

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Non-agricultural Uses 

Trifloxystrobin usage on golf courses at the national level was approximately 8,000 pounds of 

active ingredient in 2002. (Kline & Co.) 

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO TRIFLOXYSTROBIN 

As per FRAC (2012) there is a high risk that plant pathogenic fungi will develop resistance 

against this fungicide and resistance management is recommended by limiting total number of 

sprays per growing season along with a maximum of two sequential sprays oftrifloxystrobin. 

Resistance in apple scab fungal pathogen-has been reported (Frederik and Cox, 2012). Similarly 

resistance in downy and powdery mildews of grapes and powdery mildew of wheat has been 

reported (http://www .frac.info/frac/work!FRAC Ooi Minutes2009Final. pdf) 

The strobilurin fungicides (such as pyroclostrobin, azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin) have been 

claimed to promote plant health in many crops such as com and soybeans 

(http://www .apsnet.org/ edcenter/ advanced/topics/Pages/StrobilurinFungicides.aspx) 

The rapid increase in trifloxystrobin usage on com and soybeans (2006-2011) may be due to 

claims of plant health benefits on these crops 

(http://www .research. bayer .com/ en/20-stress management.pdfx?forced). 

CONCLUSION/SUMMARY 

Trifloxystrobin belongs to a group of fungicides called strobilurins. Strobilurin fungicides have 

wide spectrum of fungal disease control on different crops. Many fungal plant pathogens have 

developed resistance against strobilurin fungicides. 

DATA NEED RELEVANT TO BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON TRIFLOXYSTROBIN 

BEAD is interested in obtaining usage data on non-agricultural sites such as ornamentals and golf 

courses. 

Appendix A. Trifloxystrobin Usage by Crop Reporting District (2006-2010) 

Another measure of usage is the use intensity. In this analysis, the use intensity is expressed as 

the pounds a.i. applied per acre of land in farms. This differs from the application rate, which is 

expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per treated acre. Note that the average application rate is 

about 0.044 pounds per acre, or 44 pounds per 1,000 acres. The map below shows the highest 

intensity of use is between 3.1 and seven pounds per 1,000 acres of farmland. Figure 3 spatially 

represents trifloxystrobin's use intensity in the US. In Appendix A, concentrations of use can be 

seen. Trifloxystrobin use is relatively high along the Mississippi River in southern States. This is 

a rice producing area and sheath blight of rice is a common problem that is controlled by 

trifloxystrobin that may have resulted in higher use. The high use in Georgia State may be a 

function of cotton and peanuts use to control fungal pests. The com belt is somewhat high 

because it may have been used as plant growth promoting fungicide. In Lower California it may 

be used on many vegetables to control fungal pests. 

Page 5 of7 
Average Pounds Per 

1,000 Acres of Farmland 

.. <0.03 

0.3-0.7 

[::::J 0.8 - 1.4 

CJ 1.5-3.0 

3.1 -7 

Sources: 

Proprietary Data. 2006-2010 

USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. 

USDA, 2007. Census of Agriculture. 

This is a map of agricultural pesticide usage at the Crop Reporting District (CRD) level. CRDs are 

boundaries created by USDA NASS which are aggregates of counties (USDA, 201 0). Pesticide usage is 

displayed as average pounds (for the years 2006-2010) per 1,000 acres of farmland in a CRD to normalize 

for the variation in farmland between CRDs. Farmland acreage was obtained from USDA (2007). 

Usage is based on private market surveys of pesticide use in agriculture (Proprietary Data, 2006-2010). 

The survey data are limited to the states that represent the top 80-90% of acreage for the individual crops, 

therefore, use may be occurring in regions outside the scope of the survey. CRDs showing no usage of 

pesticides may be due to either the lack of pesticide use in the region or non-participation in the 

agricultural surveys. In addition, across the years, there may be variations in the specific crops included in 

the CRD survey. This may result in a lower annual average for the CRD. 

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REFERENCES 

FRAC. 2012. http://www.frac.info/frac/publication/anhang/FRAC Code List 2010.pdf. 

Accessed on October 10, 2012. 

Kline & Co., 2002. 

Frederick, Z and Cox, K.D. 2012. Practical and qualitative resistance to trifloxystronin in 

populations of Venturia inaequalis in the Northeastern United States. Accesses on October 10, 

2012. http:/ /www.apsnet.org/meetings/Documents/20 12 Meeting Abstracts/aps 12ab0 142.htm 

Proprietary data, 1999-2011. 

USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. Online: 

http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/arms/resourceregions/resourceregions.htm#nass. 

USDA, 2007. Census of Agriculture. Online: 

http:/ /www.agcensus. usda.gov/Publications/2007 /index.asp. 

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