STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
 

In re: J.H. FILED 

No. 16-0525 (Ohio County 15-CJA-114) November 21, 2016 

RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

OF WEST VIRGINIA 

MEMORANDUM DECISION 

Petitioner Father S.H., by counsel Peter P. Kurelac III, appeals the Circuit Court of Ohio 

County’s May 2, 2016, order terminating his parental rights to five-year-old J.H.1 The West 

Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee Niezgoda, 

filed its response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”), 

Joseph J. Moses, filed a response on behalf of the children also in support of the circuit court’s 

order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a postadjudicatory improvement period and terminating his parental rights to the children. 

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these 

reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

In October of 2015, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against petitioner and 

the mother alleging that they engaged in domestic violence in the child’s presence and that the 

mother abused drugs. The petition contained additional allegations that petitioner, the mother, 

and the child were involved in a previous abuse and neglect proceeding based upon the same 

issues of substance abuse and domestic violence. Petitioner was incarcerated at some point 

during the previous abuse and neglect proceeding. According to the record, petitioner was 

incarcerated for distribution of controlled substances sometime after the initiation of the first 

abuse and neglect proceeding and remained incarcerated through the dispositional hearing in the 

instant case. The mother successfully completed an improvement period and she was reunified 

with the child. The child was removed from the home and placed with his maternal grandmother. 

In March of 2016, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing wherein petitioner 

stipulated to the allegations as contained in the petition. Based upon petitioner’s stipulation, the 

circuit court found that petitioner abused the child. The circuit court noted that petitioner “knows 

1

Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials 

where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va. 

254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013); 

State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 

W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990). 

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his circumstances have not changed since the last petition.” Subsequently, petitioner moved for a 

post-adjudicatory improvement period. 

In April of 2016, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing and addressed petitioner’s 

motion for a post-adjudicatory improvement period. Petitioner testified that he completed 

domestic violence and crime victim awareness programs and parenting classes while 

incarcerated. He also testified that he was due to be released from incarceration to a halfway 

house in July of 2016. Petitioner blamed the mother for their history of domestic violence and 

downplayed his role in the domestic violence, claiming that he “never hit a girl.” Petitioner 

admitted to sending the mother “romantic” letters while incarcerated, despite the fact that they 

both informed the DHHR that they were no longer romantically involved with each other. A 

DHHR worker testified that petitioner has an extensive criminal history, including multiple 

convictions for drug offenses and domestic violence offenses against the mother. By order 

entered May 2, 2016, the circuit court denied petitioner’s motion for a post-adjudicatory 

improvement period and found that an improvement period was not likely to remedy petitioner’s 

parenting deficiencies. The circuit court also found that petitioner failed to prove that he would 

participate in or complete an improvement period. The circuit court noted that petitioner has only 

seen the child three times since August of 2014. The circuit court also found there was no 

reasonable likelihood that the conditions of abuse and neglect could be corrected in the near 

future and that it was in the child’s best interest to terminate petitioner’s parental rights. It is 

from this order that petitioner now appeals. 

The Court has previously established the following standard of review: 

“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de 

novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the 

facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the 

evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether 

such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a 

reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, 

although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire 

evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been 

committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply 

because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if 

the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record 

viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 

470 S.E.2d 177 (1996). 

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). 

To begin, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a postadjudicatory improvement period. In support of his argument, petitioner asserts that his motion 

for a post-adjudicatory improvement period was denied because he was incarcerated. Petitioner 

also asserts that he had an “anticipated release date” and completed various programs while 

incarcerated. Upon our review, however, the Court finds that petitioner failed to satisfy the 

applicable burden to obtain an improvement period. We have held that the decision to grant or 

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deny an improvement period rests in the sound discretion of the circuit court. See In re: M.M., 

236 W.Va. 108, 778 S.E.2d 338 (2015) (stating that “West Virginia law allows the circuit court 

discretion in deciding whether to grant a parent an improvement period”); Syl. Pt. 6, in part, In re 

Katie S., 198 W.Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996) (holding that “[i]t is within the court’s discretion 

to grant an improvement period within the applicable statutory requirements”). We have also 

held that a parent’s “entitlement to an improvement period is conditioned upon the ability of the 

[parent] to demonstrate ‘by clear and convincing evidence, that the respondent is likely to fully 

participate in the improvement period . . . .’” In re: Charity H., 215 W.Va. 208, 215, 599 S.E.2d 

631, 638 (2004). 

Here, it is clear from the record that petitioner failed to demonstrate his ability to fully 

participate in an improvement period. Petitioner has an extensive history of domestic violence, 

incarceration, and substance abuse. The circuit court was presented with evidence that petitioner 

failed to correct the conditions that led to the filing of second abuse and neglect petition, blamed 

the mother for their history of domestic violence, and downplayed his role in the domestic 

violence filing of the previous petition. Petitioner’s own admission that his circumstances had 

not changed since the previous petition’s filing supports the circuit court’s finding that he was 

unlikely to fully participate in an improvement period. It is clear from the record that petitioner 

failed to accept responsibility for his actions and their impact on the child and moderated his role 

in exposing the child to domestic violence, among other abuses. “Failure to acknowledge the 

existence of the problem, i.e., the truth of the basic allegation pertaining to the alleged abuse and 

neglect or the perpetrator of said abuse and neglect, results in making the problem untreatable 

and in making an improvement period an exercise in futility at the child’s expense.” In re Timber 

M., 231 W.Va. 44, 55, 743 S.E.2d 352, 363 (2013) (quoting In re: Charity H., 215 W.Va. 208, 

217, 599 S.E.2d 631, 640 (2004)). As such, it is clear that petitioner failed to establish that he 

was likely to fully participate in a post-adjudicatory improvement period and we find no error in 

the circuit court denying petitioner’s motion. 

Petitioner’s second assignment of error is that the circuit court erroneously terminated his 

parental rights based solely on his incarceration at the time of the dispositional hearing. Pursuant 

to West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(6), circuit courts are directed to terminate parental rights upon 

findings that there is no reasonable likelihood the conditions of abuse and neglect can be 

substantially corrected in the near future and when necessary for the child’s welfare. West 

Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3) provides that no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of 

abuse or neglect can be substantially corrected exists when “[t]he abusing parent . . . ha[s] not 

responded to or followed through with a reasonable family case plan or other rehabilitative 

efforts[.]” We have also held that “[t]ermination . . . may be employed without the use of 

intervening less restrictive alternatives when it is found that there is no reasonable likelihood . . . 

that conditions of neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected.” Syl. Pt. 7, in part, In re Katie 

S., 198 W.Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996). Further, we have explained that incarceration may 

support the termination of parental rights based on the analysis of a series of factors. See In re 

Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (holding that “[a]lthough we have not adopted a per se 

rule regarding the impact incarceration has on a termination of parental rights decision, we have 

likewise not said that the facts surrounding a parent’s incarceration may never form the basis for 

terminating parental rights.”). With regard to incarceration, we have held that 

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[w]hen no factors and circumstances other than incarceration are raised at 

a disposition hearing in a child abuse and neglect proceeding with regard to a 

parent’s ability to remedy the condition of abuse and neglect in the near future, 

the circuit court shall evaluate whether the best interests of a child are served by 

terminating the rights of the biological parent in light of the evidence before it. 

This would necessarily include but not be limited to consideration of the nature of 

the offense for which the parent is incarcerated, the terms of the confinement, and 

the length of the incarceration in light of the abused or neglected child’s best 

interests and paramount need for permanency, security, stability and continuity. 

Id. at 91, 717 S.E.2d at 875, Syl. Pt. 3. 

In the present case, the circuit court was clearly free to consider petitioner’s incarceration 

as a basis for the termination of petitioner’s parental rights. The circuit court based its ruling on 

petitioner’s incarceration and additional factors. In this case, prior to his termination, petitioner 

had only seen the child three times in twenty-three months. Petitioner had a long history of drug 

and domestic violence convictions and substance abuse, none of which had been remedied since 

the filing of the previous petition. Notably, petitioner’s own admissions confirm his inability to 

correct the conditions of abuse and neglect that led to the current petition’s filing. Given the 

circumstances presented, there was no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of neglect could 

be substantially corrected in the near future. Furthermore, the child required stability and 

permanency. The circuit court also found that termination of his parental rights was necessary for 

the child’s well-being. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b)(6), circuit courts are 

directed to terminate parental rights upon these findings. For these reasons, we find no error in 

the circuit court’s order terminating petitioner’s parental rights. 

For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s May 2, 2016, order terminating petitioner’s 

parental rights to the children is hereby affirmed. 

Affirmed. 

ISSUED: November 21, 2016 

CONCURRED IN BY: 

Chief Justice Menis E. Ketchum 

Justice Robin Jean Davis 

Justice Brent D. Benjamin 

Justice Margaret L. Workman 

Justice Allen H. Loughry II 

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