~.~~~­ REF ID:A66855 

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Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 10-25-2013 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 
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·. St'B.lECT: Report. ~ Ad Hao Ocliad. ttae ~ ... ~.t Pol.~,,.aph . 

1. Th8N appears to' b. .ie evidence i.;, flm subject roport jaS to 

tl1a w.lue of the pol~lgraph 1n trinr.inc out taeta bear:lnt; 1"on the securt ty 

ot 1ndi viduals. SCIM q•etioil arlscs, hoWevr, . a. to. the extant t.o which 

:Lt ean be m!'el;; and pi-aperl:i uod·in connection with eeourit~r elearanou. 

lt 110uld appear that 1Mltorc ~ ue oi" the pc.1.~graph can be ct.anded u 

proposed t.hrouchout the acency, .a ·better legal and etbical fouudaUan than 

now ex1st.8 Irtrl';l have t.o be establuhod. ror i ta -.rpl9~1*'lt.. · 

2... ~ an ethical point of rl.ev, 1 t -.a ti> ne that theN '!.• :more 

to be eaid 1r. justi...~caUon o£ the use o! the pol~aph on proepecU ve -- pl.oJeel than on pereona .Who .- &lnlady elltllol"ld11 In the formt' ca•, sabmilSion to a pol7E"Ph teat oari be·Jlli&dt a condition ot esrtllo:;tment, like any 

ot.hw 1Pecit1e4 requirer .. cnt; and thereby plaoed ~en enU&-ely '90l.mt&J"l· 

baaia. In other word.a. the person· nttected 1a CO&tpletel~ tree to choose 

whether OI' not he Wi8Ms to accept a:plo ;ment wdn'· the ·condition.a inlx>sed, 

and i. autte:l'IJ no d1sa.dvs.nta&e other than il'lellgibilit:-r if. he re.tuea to 

eubd.t to the polyeni>h test •. It, b~, the·requirement 1s 1.i't)Oeed on 

eatablished 91PloJ8e• and eapeeiall:r. older emploJBC•• they 11ay find tna:a-

•lftlf v!rtually t~od to submit to a."'#Oid j~1Jlr. their job•• ,..... gardleas of whether their oppoaition 1a on the r~mdls of poos-:bl.e •elf• 1nariln1na~on .or Nirel.3' on those of. ~onacientio• object1an. - . . . 

3. This ai.\\aatioll.. is especiall;. · true ot m.J.it.ar~ peroonri0l. tnlike 

tbl oi'Vilian emplo;.,.reea,- the vast major:Lt:r ot r.dlitariJ 1nd1Vidual.IS do no~ 

OCllllf . :lnto the. llDl'k on a vo:iuntar".r ba.isis. .,. are- 111Dpl7 ordered. It is 

d1tticult to see~ therefore, hall we can ~· the polytftpli te.-t. to t.h9l 

on any etrtlll"a.1 scalo and still adhwe ntrlctJ.y to the i.dca or voluntary sui.a.s.cn. . . . . - . 

~- 1'lM objections Which have' been· ~t ~ r.,- attention. qalnlt · the pol}'l"Ph aacmi to 1te111 &U:ioat enti.Nl;r t1'Gll the use ot atld.aalou nan 

aultin~; 

1nd1-.idwll 

.tram the 

ha.a ~kraail• or haG not question.a ent~ in 

in 

eapionace, judginc DN"81 'Violated 

ohanctal'• 

hb1M i.-

~ 

SU,. 

d:l.erer;arded bi~ setcurit.)i' oet.J1, or .talcd.fiod his P. H. ~ .. are fairl.7 e~tf'Qrward 1;ucst:lonu to whici' • ..,'le.f:b1itive anGlfe:.··e .aan be tiven. s.b 

q•JosUOns bear <l11"90·.:.1:r on the purJoSfJ oi'.' the &ecurit.:; 1.ftveott,:ation, and 

henoe, are more r-enerall:r accepted as beinc ir. th• pfulic intenat.. But 

qust.itrns Whicll dalve 1nto 22tters or H1U8l behavior and otber ps~ologiaal. 

aspects of oond:lCt r.ia:; • .ru-1d Zl'eqUt.ntl;/ do.1 ·brine twtb reTel.at.S.olUi vb1cb 

actuallJ' have q"Jeatl01-iable boa.1'1.n~ q10n aecur1ty and may place t.be individual 

in an ellbarnHil"..g ar..d uelt-&a#ading position. Furthermore, .the evaluation 

of the information thus brought forth requires the exercise of extremely 

careful j~dgment on what may.be tenuous-gr~unds • 

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' , . 16 Dacember 19.$'2 

. !U!J!O!•_ ~!.t_o! !d_fl!c_C~!~e-l!. "J!'!.. 2,f_P21ll!•Eh--:-.;. _. ____ _ 

S. ~ considering the eYi.denc& on ttbich tejectiona or prospective 

employees have been Jlllde, ·t ha°"' felt that at.nd&rds could be used for 

proapecti ve · emplGJ8•S vbich Jd.ght not be applicable to established ...... 

pl019911 tor the aillple reaao~ that in the ca• ot the former~ where 

questions of moral aonduct ·are involved, one could decide with le• impuni ty that certain riake nead .not be taken. t.s ·rar a.a eatablished eapl07eea are concemed~ · the question arisea a• to vliether we are endeavoring ta .in·hain the highest moral stanarde by rules ·of conventional conduct or whether we. are merely. interested in whether or not our securitq is ·rea:L~ compromised or in aeri.ous daneer. Without questioning the de· 

sirabili ty of the. firat aim,. I belio'le there my be son.e 4erious differences 

of view as to whe~ our. real rights and. reaponeibili~ea lie. 

6. imre ii perhi.pa no denJing that people ot low morai character 

are JllOI'e likely to represent rislc than those or higher character. Neftrtheless~ urileea care·. is exercised to avoid creating u.nneceeaary embarrusmezrt., or intring~nt o! ·iridiT.i.du.al rights, by wha~ may be regarded ae sho~gun methods of inftding the privaq ot indivi~ls, our whole po]T-

-. graph pro(~Dl m&J" be jeop_ardi.aed. 

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· 7. . It is posaibl• that w W\Y' be on aa!er grouni i£ we •rely' ft• · 

quire ~r established eployee• that they give ·a poeiti"WJ or negative . anner periodic~ly" to questions- ~bich bear direct11". o~ security,. namely: 

' - . a. _ Ha'VG. they engaged directly or ind1:rectly: i~ e$pionage actiVit1es? 

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b. Have they knowirJ&lY" violated Public Jar Sl.J? 

c. H•ve ,the~ knalin8J.y Violated the11" aecurity oath? . . . 

d. . Have ".they knovingl:y falsified their P .H.s, in an;,y respect which 

bear_s upon aecuri'ti'? 

The problem o:f exploring these questions is than a utter fol' "tibe illftetigati ve -.gencies charged b,r law -.;i.th: c~ter-espionage act.t."f'l\tee, 

the 

. worth· 8, In 

of 

con_clul!lion 

the poJ.nraph, 

I mlgh~ \nit empbaaia.ihat 

mereJT. to" B\Jggest 

iey- purpose 

·.t•t its 

.is 

reaJ.:'ftl.• 

not 'o ~ 

CD 

be defeated.by iqarudent uee. As I aee it, the· pol.Jgraph can be,... ti' 

establish ~inite iDMicurity by questions such u thoae··1n paragrap" t abo,,... It· can also be utted to establish potential aecurity hb&rde. ttaa 

first can be accoq>l1sbed in a more or leis straightforward manner, alUl 

oppoe1 ti~n to 1 ~ UN in tbia :mnner wo¢d probabq be relatiYelJ' 91.S&h~• 

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CON F4 0 t:i\4·=·r iAL 

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. - -- . REF ID:A66855. 

_ . ~ .. CONf"ID.lf~TfAL ..,t.GUnt·I f~CbHitb\fifJN 

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!be -..Ml u•, howeftr, imolwa rmi.roua dat..table 1snea, raging l'llOll 

thl talllbilitf' or bmUl j\ldpant to •tten ~ ethic• and law. ,..,. 

mpt be eo• -'ftlltaat• tberefoa, in cont.laing ue or t.he po]Fgftlph on · ••tabli9hecl ~to the dlteNination ot·•ctul imeeuntJt, &t.1-t 

until it i•..,. ..-~ aeoept.cl am~ ot ·tte _.. cont"'8ftl&l. 

1-• haw_ beltD .. ttled 1n i w r..,... 

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