UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D

.C. 20460 

### NOV 08 201Z

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION

SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Trifloxystrobin (129112) FROM:

THRU: Tara Chandgoyal, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist

# ~**~:f!** Biological Analysis Branch

## ~**~ ~**  Rafael Prieto, Environmental Protection Speciali j} j 

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# ~**~f** jU)) 0 Science Information and Analysis Branch

### (/**I'''{~** Andrew Lee, Economist 

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# ~**~** Economic Analysis Branch 

# \.....J<; fAA. l Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P Amet

### Jones, Chief /.)

# ~ Biological Analysis Branch 

# {_}t--¥(;

Diann Sims, Chief

# LJc~ Science Information and Analysis Branch Timothy Kiely, Chief

# ~ Economic Analysis Branch

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. · Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7 ) TO: Moana Appleyard, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 5 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) Product Review Panel date: October 17, 2012 INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthe pest management roles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status oftrifloxystrobin and eventually the general public. This document builds upon the data already provided in the "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also provided to Registration Page 1 of7Review teams by BEAD. The document is based on information and data available to BEAD as ofOctober 19, 2012. Trifloxystrobin is a fungicide that belongs to group 11 offungicide as per Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC, 2012). Trifloxystrobin is locally systemic, broad-spectrum fungicide with preventative and specific curative activity and displaying rain-fastness. It is used on a wide range ofagricultural and horticultural crops in temperate, sub-tropical · and tropical climates in open fields and glasshouses. Trifloxystrobin was first registered in 2000. 

### HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FORTRIFLOXYSTROBIN Section 18s Status: BEAD did not find any active section 18 onthis fungicide (http://cfpub1.epa.gov/oppref/section18/searchresult.cfm). In 2007 Louisianarequested an emergency use ofthis fungicide on sugarcane to control rust disease but the request was withdrawn because the state could not substantiate its emergency conditions. Similarly, in 2007, Indianarequested an emergency use ofthis fungicide on vegetables and a legume to control rust but the request was withdrawn because the state could not substantiate emergency conditions. A Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED) was not issued for trifloxystrobin. There is a SLUA available for trifloxystrobin. 

### COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Trifloxystrobin is formulated as water dispersible granules. This chemical's application methods are aerial, banded, broadcast, chemigation, ground, seed treatment, and spottreatment. 

### USE SITES Agricultural Uses Trifloxystrobin is registered for use onrice, com, soybeans, wheat (winter and spring), grapes (wine, table, raisin), peanuts, pecans, apples, sugar beets, almonds, cherries, citrus, hazelnuts, pears, pistachios, peppers, celery, cotton, peaches, walnuts, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet com, plums/prunes, cucurbits, dry beans/peas, apricots, cauliflower, strawberries, onions, mangoes, hops, lettuce, carrots, cotton, and others. · Non-Agricultural Uses Trifloxystrobin is registered for use on conifers/forest trees, ornamental and/or shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns and turf(including ornamental non-flowering plants ornamental woody shrubs and vines.

Page 2 of7USAGE Agricultural Uses From 2006-2011, and based on private market pesticide usage data, trifloxystrobin's annual ' agricultural usage averaged 311,000 pounds ofactive ingredient (A. I.) treating an average of7 million acres, for an average application rate of0.044 pounds per acre. From 2006-2011, com (23%), soybeans (20%), and rice (16%) accounted for the largest percentages ofusage in terms oftotal pounds ofA. I. applied. For the same time period (2006- 2011), 

### interms oftotal area treated, soybeans (44%), com (14%), and cotton (8%) accounted for the largest percentages
. Note that where the proportion ofpounds applied exceeds the proportion ofacres treated, as in the case ofcom and rice, the application rate will be higher than the overall average of0.044 pounds per acre. Conversely, where the proportion ofacres treated is greater than the proportion ofpounds applied, as in soybean and cotton, the application rate will be lower than the overall average. As seen onTable 1 below trifloxystrobin's top states in terms ofbothpounds (lbs.) applied and total area treated (TAT) are California, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Minnesota. As with the crops, when the proportion ofpounds applied exceeds the proportion of area treated, the application rate in the state will be higher than average. See, for example, California and Arkansas. In states such as Iowa and Minnesota, where the proportion ofarea treated is greater than the proportion ofpounds applied, the application rate is lower thanthe average.

(Proprietary data, 2006-2011). Figure 1 depicts trifloxystrobin agricultural usage, in terms ofpounds applied (Proprietary data, 1999-2011). Trifloxystrobin was registered for use on com and soybean in 2006 (http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2006-0l-04/html!E5-8273.htm). The rapid increase 

### in fungicide usage (2006-2011) on com and soybeans may be due claims ofplant health benefits (http://www.research.bayer.com/ en/20-stress management.pdfx?forced)

.

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### Fi re 1. 

### Pounds ofTriflo 200,000

0

Year --- Rice

--- Corn**Soybeans Other**  Crops

"Other'' refers to (in order ofhigh to low average pounds applied): Winter wheat, wine grapes, peanuts, spring wheat, pecans, apples, sugar beets, table grapes, raisin grapes, almonds, cherries, oranges, grapefruit, hazelnuts, pears, pistachios, cantaloupes, watermelons, peppers, pumpkins, celery, cotton, squash, peaches, walnuts, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet corn, plums/prunes, cucumbers, dry beans/peas, apricots, cauliflower, strawberries, and onions. Source: (Proprietary data, 1999-2011) Figure 2 shows overall trend oftrifloxystrobin use from 1999 through 2011 (Proprietary data, 1999-2011). As noted above, the upward trend is largely driven by increased use on corn and soybean. The upward trend also implies that the averages for the 2006-2011 period presented above may underestimate future use. 

### Fi re 2. Total Pounds ofTrifloxystrobin A lied on All Reported Cro s from 1999-2011 600,000**~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~** **~ ~**  Year

Page 4 of7

### Non-agricultural Uses Trifloxystrobin usage on golfcourses at the national level was approximately 8,000 pounds of active ingredient in 2002. (Kline 

### & Co.) 

### BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO TRIFLOXYSTROBIN As per FRAC (2012) there is a high risk that plantpathogenic fungi will develop resistance against this fungicide and resistance management is recommended by limiting total number of sprays per growing season along with a maximum oftwo sequential sprays oftrifloxystrobin. Resistance in apple scab fungal pathogen

- has been reported (Frederik and Cox, 2012). Similarly resistance in downy and powdery mildews ofgrapes and powdery mildew ofwheat has been reported (http://www.frac.info/frac/work!FRAC Ooi Minutes2009Final.pdf) The strobilurin fungicides (such as pyroclostrobin, azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin) have been claimed to promote plant health in many crops such as com and soybeans (http://www.apsnet.org/ edcenter/advanced/topics/Pages/StrobilurinFungicides.aspx) The rapid increase in trifloxystrobin usage on com and soybeans (2006-2011) may be due to claims ofplant health benefits onthese crops (http://www.research.bayer.com/ en/20-stress management.pdfx?forced)

. 

### CONCLUSION/SUMMARY Trifloxystrobin belongs to a group offungicides called strobilurins. Strobilurin fungicides have wide spectrum offungal disease control on different crops. Many fungal plant pathogens have developed resistance against strobilurin fungicides. 

### DATA NEED RELEVANT TO BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON TRIFLOXYSTROBIN BEAD is interested in obtaining usage data on non-agricultural sites such as ornamentals and golf courses. 

### Appendix A. Trifloxystrobin Usage by Crop Reporting District (2006-2010) Another measure ofusage is the use intensity. In this analysis, the use intensity is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per acre ofland in farms. This differs from the application rate, which is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per treated acre. Note that the average application rate is about 0.044 pounds per acre, or 44 pounds per 1,000 acres. The map below shows the highest intensity ofuse is between 3.1 and seven pounds per 1,000 acres offarmland. Figure 3 spatially represents trifloxystrobin's use intensity in the US. In Appendix A, concentrations ofuse can be seen. Trifloxystrobin use is relatively high along the Mississippi River in southern States. This is a rice producing area and sheath blight ofrice is a common problem that is controlled by trifloxystrobin that may have resulted inhigher use. The high use in Georgia State may be a function ofcotton and peanuts use to control fungal pests. The combelt is somewhathigh because it may have been used as plant growth promoting fungicide. In Lower California it may be used on many vegetables to control fungal pests.

Page 5 of7Average Pounds Per 1,000 Acres of Farmland

..<0.03 0.3-0.7 

### [::::J 0.8
- 1.4 

# CJ 1.5-3.0 3.1 -7
Sources: Proprietary Data. 2006-2010 USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. USDA, 2007. Census ofAgriculture. This is a map of agricultural pesticide usage at the Crop Reporting District (CRD) level. CRDs are boundaries created by USDA NASS which are aggregates ofcounties (USDA, 2010). Pesticide usage is displayed as average pounds (for the years 2006-2010) per 1,000 acres offarmland in a CRD to normalize for the variation in farmland between CRDs. Farmland acreage was obtained from USDA (2007). Usage is based on private market surveys of pesticide use in agriculture (Proprietary Data, 2006-2010). The survey data are limited to the states that represent the top 80-90% ofacreage for the individual crops, therefore, use may be occurring in regions outside the scope ofthe survey. CRDs showing no usage of pesticides may be due to either the lack of pesticide use in the region or non-participation in the agricultural surveys. In addition, across the years, there may be variations in the specific crops included in the CRD survey. This may result in a lower annual average for the CRD.

Page 

### 6 of7REFERENCES FRAC. 2012. http://www.frac.info/frac/publication/anhang/FRAC Code List 2010.pdf. Accessed on October 10, 2012. Kline & Co., 2002. Frederick, Z and Cox, K.D. 2012. Practical and qualitative resistance to trifloxystronin in populations of Venturia inaequalis in the Northeastern United States. Accesses on October 10, 2012. http:/ /www.apsnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012 Meeting Abstracts/aps12ab0142.htm Proprietary data, 1999-2011. USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. Online: http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/arms/resourceregions/resourceregions.htm#nass. USDA, 2007. Census ofAgriculture. Online: http:/ /www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007 /index.asp.

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