_,../ ; 

I ~' ' 

t• • - ~"~ • , . ' 

. ] jl. 

!>M le 64711 •. 

r ~ • " ~- .;~ ' ,,_...,.b-,,.. ·-:";. ' --~ ...,: ~..,,- --::~~·-: ;;:'• 

fte·1~8'--v..u@·:c;,.•·maet ~:-

' 

(file ~ r4 tlltt lawl s..- Gb !•r) 

_. -~ .,~ <A ~ 1~ '> 

,, 

!ha lapa-Clda -.rtve. Ude ~ A-oll .. sputa et tlr,e 

-~ Incidat, bmtst 1atc1~ tlula d SWfGSAI in J-.1i171932. 

"!"' about Wa u. w optr111nm1:11 a met diatrudal u. _,. hav1=g to attend ~ laot'1N8 Jroa dq to dq .... ...,.. cl&nae .~ the aa...i c.aun1ca:u.oaa Sellool in ~ .._ Thel1, .U 

t4 a nMea, be ft091wli ordeni1 w ~ to the la-.1 Gtmrel Statt. I 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 12-19~2014 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

·1 

: 

- ~ ~ -- - - -

 .:~l90··1e '4711' - REF ID:A65640 

' ':.. ,. ... 

Tlaa AMr1aaa aUpl• eip!Mlr iJS a oode ill wbi.eh tae onatmi ~rd· 

1111 h np.1•-1 lt¥ ~ latteN llO that at tint cJenoe it. 1a dit• 

tidt to t9ll C..tMr tba ...... 1a 1n :r;mal 'a:b or 1a uotber ton1&B 

lupq8. ,,_ 1JS ••v uaect a rct.ation qllt.n in Gieh • ditterent ~ _. .mpte4 d&ll7 oa an elrND dq o,J'Cle. 

Aeeordiq t.e -~• ot ooda c!eeiph.IJ'ilss, this •78t.D ie the 

eaa!.ed DI~ •iJlplalt to deed.Jim". u a eamnl rui., tba tr.-

qunq with whieb t.M i.tten of the !,,glteb alpA.abet. appear 1• 

ETOAJms ••••• et ..an. To cbart. tb.18, it would appeu .. , 

E 

I ' ' A 

I 

- ----- __ .!... _ __:._a~- _1_ -

(1'! 0 ia pwn 1A tu al~ u.t in the tat but ie oraitt<KJ ill 

the chart. ill tl:ae or1g1al doODINlt.) 

TU. one ood• ...... AM~ Up0:D exaw5n1ng the &.quenay ot oarta.in 

eod• bJB, 1f the ri!'der of appearance 1e 1D tbs form ot U. abcmt 

ehar\ then 1t oan be pnamed th.st 1siapl• cipher baa been tllled. 

Then letkra S2'0.lJIRS •••• are applied to th9 nrs 1n order or t'requanq ~ U' part. or an ED6lilh word appeara, the rent ~cull¥ 

be deoipbtred ~ ot the chal"actvlaUoa of E:agl.iab worde. 

ror exupl.a, .fro~ the pecrallaritiee 1Jl the poa1t1on of let~n 

in wo.rd21 suoh u infonat ....islb d.1 'Q.er,!cm~ aJ:d !JJP7, the tirn olwt 

1• tolmd. Partkul.arl.T U the telesraa 1• a1litar7 or d19lo11at.ic 

1n nature, a 61.Ulil 1e eaail3 ffn1nd becauae ct the UH of diplo•t!.e 

or a1lit.ary t.erw.1D:>J.eo. lbazi •peo1.f1o proper name, such 11• pl.aoe 

:a.uies, pera:ma.1 ~•• or \mit 14mltUioati.onA appear, lett6r11 tor 

the •saa19 did• t'rcm theae pr1l>Oipel. worde say be Eound e.-s1l,y. 

Ev~ t7PUte 1'bo Mft no teonnlcal t:Dowledge can ao.ally decipbel' 

mueps U tMJ' beone aocatomed ta the work. E'fttl 11' t.he oipherlq 

table 1• c..ianpd, one dAY ia precticall.¥ all t.hat 1• ... _.,. ror 

~-

State Dltpartmnt· oodea are based upon the Cod• Book ~ epe.Ming troa the viewpoint ot the principle& ot deciphering, 1t ia e 

typct of wbatitut!on. There are two foru, tu om ~l~ o:etea 

snd the two wllme ·~-=· The ke.,y end 1.nterpntation ef code~ 1'l 

the e>JJB '901Ull8 qet.a is llllted 111 alphabtrtical or i•ro-ha lf!quellH. 

T?nm fro15 thi.a om wlu.e alone both MkSns up of code 11relll!lge11 

ai:.d ruderiq ~tions ca be aecoap.Uesbad. Ill ti. tlJO vol.we qste11, WllWM• tor receiving and andi.Dg mena~s are bomS 

mparat.al.7·· Cod• keys em or1gi?ial tena are~ 1n alphabot.ioal ord9r or !n I•EO-BA eaq\Wnoe am the aorrupondi.D3 1.nte!'pX"ll• 

tatiou and oode by• are allanad 1.rregtlarl.7. Dy .sP'Pl11.ng ~!)&CiallJ' 

preae.ri'kd •thodD to th1a base cod•. • •n c.OEplicMtcd IXIAap 

can be constnictlld. Thie 1s tl» code s7stea uaed b1' all nmtions 

tor 1llp01"tut. ooamii.caticma. 

Ta 1c:maerable aount (endleao cogbbationD an be created 

trua the umber code::: in order to 1nmoeue the dif!1cult.y in dec1pbe.1.ng) of alt•rable ooJlbir.at.ion• in the preaor1'bed mt.hods 

Mk•• t.Me t.n=e ona oZ the met ciittic:olt cod.ea tc dsci~r. 

2 

,-
' I 

I 

t 

t-

• k r ·. .. 

.•' 

DM lo 64718 e REF ID:A65640 • 

At abwt 1ih1.a ti.a t.b9 ONrrED ~TATES State Deparwment was 

utU1sJ.n1 the am YOllme e,_t.ea. Thh was tba eaa1est form to 

d"1J'ba'. Ia deaipbuioa this ton ot ••BaP 1 tint of all, 

code k•J'D of' thil ~pu .re ~ and a mllaticm t.bla .... Tbaa blu-1 gpen t.h1.a table, a blank card in which codo 

ke,ra a1'9 8d 1a alphabe'Ucal. order la Jl&de. The coabin1Jlg of 

te,-1 to tb9 Olde•• Sa tb9 •CCIDOilaJlt TOwl (?WU il!al.u!ed• as 

a "f091) QCGMMJxtt, 'ftNel, consonent• ordar or "coaaoDant, vowsl, ~. oewcmaat, TOftl• Ql'dor. !ben OJl 't.b.• 01"Hted blank c:od8 

t.b9 beq'llDq ot ~ of cad• 071 Sa the 1ate!"Ol8pted asaag. 

1e .n.cs. After doSJic ~ tm WOid •umm>n appe&l"9d V8J7 freq~. 

!~on it aa diacovend that it NpNaent.d a period. Jfext in 

er4er of fNQQIDIS7 wzie oodaa npnaent.q comaa, alld coaon worde 

aueb u la, tbat, et eat.era. It uzs qv.1te d1.tt1eult work Wt de~1fltaed b79 wre ooatsman1 ~ked on tb9 blut cud•. 

low am \bell then wre t!:meswben a r.q•.t to th9 !eMpelta! 

1IOuJJ1br'1Jllim1nterpNW mnn·on~ amt tqa to the cot!• ••eac- #- a ~ buka~ ot a 1E 1>1pl.mat1o at.noe. ?here •re 

tiaa 1lbm tM tB Aw1be•udo:r ant a...,,.._ fl'oa the Staten.- ~..m, i.o ta. J.-ae J'e1"5lgn Otti.09. ID nch a cue the tint 

'~-Sa-~ - gramped b1' oa.par1Dc the-~ •1th . \Si • 

Stata 

<( ~,,..-. 

n........ .... _. \W P'U s.n·-__.~ ·-~- •-H_._,_ 

_ _..., ~-

" - q\lS.u oftu ta ... t.bat olaa to a pea'\ mmber o~ ke79 

aft 4M1pbaft4 1a b1M la t.b1a ..,,.. • 

.. ·" Duiq \119 M~t rd \?19 Sbanp1 Iao!dtn\1 Cc mr ill C'h.te~ 

Gwftl SB'IRAMJIA (13 °/ ) os.- i•ned. a~. Tbll Dlrlca ·~a a1•-1 1a Sl&IOBAI s. d.iatalJ ect a oa4e t.el•era to t.b:e 

S:Yte ~.· B W PNI' 1'1 tat. tbU -.a t.M EJlg]J.eh treela• .~ et tu .tat .. nt, ud after wol'idq on it ewhilAt, it as diaconr- . ·ec1 t.Mt 1~ .... n•OUT 90 ad w WR Nal'd.94 'b7 wry truJ.t1\1l. resulta. 

iii ~ -..J, '7 ti. UM tM SbaDFl5 Incident cam \o a e10R, u ·~ u 5,000 ~ WU'8 deoipbarahle. !Ima \he pneral •ud.nc of 

ill S.'-'- lleJutMDt. tel.ear- uaSmg Wa fm'1I ot code wa• -~ ·ft"•.: 'lbe Wt.al .-.r ot ..mda QP'hl• or be!q erMted in a code 

~~~(i•.'lmder 'bl one w.lme qate• sm-pauee 100,000. !'bere.toN ·~-b tnJ.r a work ot patiaoe to work cut. tm oode 1n the ¢n41.Jll ~t....s .,. •• 

1r· .. ~. 

' . -_-·. It 1a ..... 8Ql'9 bm 1lbm 4eo1ph9riq d!ttioalt cod• •uepa, 

~ t.i. ~pe ~cannot be S•&SN4 cd all oonoerned ~ ....... 1D\aw ~ labor. u after paimtak1ng 

ettol'\a a G1M to decdpbninc 1• w1\h1D GD1 1• pup, code te711 tluh 

aer111 099 '• 9.J9• wUtber be S. awka or ul.Mp. ZftD whlle l,yUJa 

lD ~- ~ 1li86B .a U. aode• tluh aaroaa om •s mind 1!11t1l 

tirw>Js \bl .a •e 01'0'S 1• uard. m.n an 1mp1nt1an doe• pop up 

om. aq Jm11p °'4 ot bid ewn 1aa U. aldd]• o~ the lligbt to get ts _,~ bllt the hint whJ.ah OM ~ U bad ~ apiD tade nq 1ika 

a 4naa. It 1- u.id that prut1c•11y all mn who wos earmetq 

n \hU work aufter t.roa Ml'TOUS brukd.cmm. 

•ga had t~ t.bat, llUO!l a Job 111.8 not wortJnlhll.e ud ouit to 

tlic: "'*1111~,.\.08: ~t \!Jen w noth1J:I& &l.ee tor hill to do but to go 

eat. 80M iitre ud eomit, U.ft. Tlma be ca.a to .,.. t.?ie Aarloan 

Conatalar oi.n.o. la ICU. HORftr, thi. t.ne or stealiq 1• thll 

mat. d1U1~ ot &11 cla-• ~ ~. To steal alaae 1a ~ 

good ooucb• 1't l• 1llportaDt that U. o~t.aot leara ot aiw 

loU ot doom 1 at.a. !hie 1a bee..- U tba lw 11 cUIOOftrecl, tbe 

eode will be ehaDpd am all tJ:w put hardthi.pe wlll ~ 1Zl vain. 

J 

, 
REF ID:A65640 • 

Sta•\Snc of Code .... 

ID th• M!'}7 part at 19''' a aertdn tail.ff eeaaOld te ao in 

and wt or tM blri_. CGNUlaw 1D IOll. 'Sew a._,. ,_.1a, 

am would putuN ~lou lllaeeU..oaa cbar.1 st ub4 \a t1e "· 

First or all, b9 .. _..,.17 ad th~• u4 h9 w ft1'7 h-st. 

Be zaan. p!md the tru\ ot tb9 conaulata 9tan' •JliMrs ~d ~--

an acetpted. replar w:illlllate trac!lau. ·· 

Eft'htmt~, th• beant1fnl fra8ftll• ot ~no.ct~ 

the ~tairul &ad 'lalf•, and the ..... ot W&1'da - beu'7 tbat 

entice• c!rcn1nlA UTi194. 

On a oertdn Sa~ in April, tJle Censult 1a Meta 91>1rlta, 

•nt to Ttew the cbtft7 ~lohna !n tuU bloa at SAQ1 an4 ODD, 

and tbance spent the ni&bt !a WU) alc'blg at a QIOJI a-iaa haaae. 

On thia .. nigbt enera1 btzrghn C!"9pt into the G011J1111at. 9 ud 

tho ..r. 1n the conaulll otftOI rooa WU opemd.1 &1:14 tb9 entf.re codl 

back '!118 stolen. 'IThan the C8llr.1l retarmd lcllldq llOl'!WJg, tll• at• 

waa locked &lld found 1n proptr ardtr u .,r.re, and no t.aU•t.&le 

.:•b ~ 1.•rt behind. 

'!'hat !rJa1m11s•Ub tal1o1" •e a~ a c1"9r~ ctt.gui91d 

Japant• 1m11p11. Attsr w1mlJ.ni cner the 60DIUlata •t&fl' mU.r• 

and 

~ 

cmldUct1J.lg an uhauatiw 8Zl4 th~ Llhl"eh, be l.Ml'Dt4 U.. 

ot the ocx1e book, and that thl ka,. _. "°9~17 

!n thl canwl • s poa•aaien ud was nner mparat.d rrma bh. 

H°"'9wr, U a contimlal •tth ttJr an ~ .. nt 1• leapt, 

that oppartmd~ 1a 'bound t.a cc•. ODii da7 a aanaul.att it.art ..- ber,· 1!b~ had been br1bed by thu taller, .. ann•IJld. b7 tbe CO!l8t1l 

to ~e ottic:e. I~diatel.7 UpCID enterlns tha ccmuD off1Clll, the 

bribtd consulate start •llber not1ced tbt ate uy laSd aJ"el9Uly 

an a desl::. CUrbing hie t.hrcbb!ng beart, b9 ~aib.11! tb9 CGUUl'• 

cleek·and nonchalant~ placed h1- 1.tt band over t.b.111 _,.., and with 

bowel! hea.d 11atened to tbl cmw.1' • ordlra. Whan tbt bribed CCDS!l• 

la tA ', rr"41T mllhlr lett thll ocmsil • s attict an.- oo:mpl.eting the 

bu1...\as11 at band, 1n tht i:aJ,m ot Ma i.tt balld, whidl bad bl.n daubed 

with .ax, •a an •:u.ct btJs'int or the at• tq. A duplicate ny wu 

mdl, and ca. thy wh8n the bJ w~~ tr1a4 attc the CIX1all. had retarn9d 

ho2, 1t titted ezaotl,y. All wu ~ read.Smu, and th1c f'aet - 1.nmdiately 1'1Nd to t.be Tcqe lempeita1. A J;9ra(m !n charge of 

ta. Bare eracldng Qp1n.t1an ~ cU.ai.-tdled tr-om the ncnt cbaabar 

of the Nnal C''9Dh"al. Statt, and. wh9n tbe CODIUl 'A8 eno£l4 1D •'"'7 

mking, tba mth-8-.S.t.aci a.u.nt dram, the pilt9riJl3 or the ordt 

boo~, w.s psrf'm'Md. 

Tulmd1at9ly tlltreJter the I®- Kampeitai O?"ganS•d a 1p1c1al 

teu to tmdlrtake aiadl.u- ep9c1al uaigmant.. 

iltl!bm's of th1s tum becaae apprentice• 11l sat• anufa.~ 

complU'l.19s and thorongbly f...U~ U-.mal•• w1'21 th9 cou~cticm and mei'..hod.s of •pning l!J..f'o•. Other• cilagu!.8ad thalm•lwa ea 

mrcl>..QDts 

in b-il>ing 

and 

~ 

«mducted 

~te 

•arebe• 

•tan" aadlera. 

witb.Sn t.1J9 

There 

caualate 

wre photogra~ 

• ~ 

technicimut o:in; tll•• eo 1 • "ataly pbotoerapbed thll .tole ~ 

boob without~ lea of u.. Som pen.:ma ah&dOwad apd •:drc1Md 

surve1llanes O'Y't?' QCma'Ul.ate 8tatf 111111btre, or engaged in ea amSu.-

tlon and lla1aon work. Y•t ottien .re 3udo-9n 11hoae o~ u- ~ ignmnt,... to patrol and guard th9 eonsnlate co.-1

nda ed tc at.art 

4 

..... 
REF ID:A6564c9 

a npt al ta.,..,_.~ bOtt lt\t. • 1abowlnc COOPlate .tatt ••:nJ aheald t.M7 ~ eb•• wtms. te the O"M'lla'• 4tzriJla o .,.u-. 

Ia .acb a ..,....., •••rJ Va ••n- .. s1wa a dltiaita 

uatp•rit, em ntautlw traJ•1111 ... .-e-· 

Tbe oeda ltoak th&' llLI ~la - thh IJ~ bellilql4 to u. 

8tate Dlrp&r'blnt an4 ha.cl t.n 90llpiled atter mJ37 ,.&T• of' Naa~ 

aftlr the Sban&Nf. Iad.Mn'l, - - ~ called ~ "Cira,)' Card." 

A1'tcr that, th1a •tbod .. Wied wbndtl!:r ~d lrJ the Gemral 

swr Hsaclquarters tild u. 11.aY&l 0.-.ral start, ~not ce17 tm 

oe'5t boek et the Olr1-a Stat.a De~ bat the 41pl .. t1c eod9 

berllca or qria.11 ou.r natiCIDll wre obtdmd.. '1'hl.W tbe dUft=.lt 

tut of d9etpblring •• peatty au.en.tad. 

-.rbe Pl'.._u or U.rlcan Cadla 

l.retmd thi• U., tM Sp1c5&1 Chubar ct tbe F«Jr\h Seotloa ~ 

tbli •aft! Ge.mral SW! 1IU rea·~U!ld U. Elanuth S.ction, Fourth 

Deparwnt. ud it.a taeil1t.i.aa wre ft.b8tanti•U~ ~ to met t.:. 

maeutd m9d tor reaearch on tb9 osmn rums, CREA? ilUTADt, and 

CHDA. On"'/ Jal 371 U. U9rl.caD Baul Attacbe in IEIPOO wired an 

emrgmq ...... to the Char rJt ll&val Operaticma 1n Y.ASBIHGTO!f :00.a 

Thia ••sqe •• 1nt.wmpted b]' Ulc OWAn& radio nm1T!Dg stat1ou, and .: 

ane:i decodini1 it started •Ao~ to nlJab1- 1nf.._t1an11 and 

wn on u tolln: ".lt l?CO h.ar• toa1a1tt, tb9 Chim• ~ dll 

att&e\: t.be JapnneH f'tZ"••·ii Th.ii !nte]JJ,pn• .. ,..,. waa 3ft3l 

presented 1n aom-t u dl.t•ua e-ddenot at tbs In.tarnatioaal 'fa 

era.. Tr1btmal 1n TOl!'Oe 

ID tho latter part ot 19Y/, an U.riarl Stat. :apart111mt eoarw 

cam to ms to ~- a •• code book~ Thia -.s & ao'J.bk cca. .,. .. ..n..4 the "Jboolm coae,• aJ14 an 1t. begu to be uaed the 

tollowi.ng ,.ar, a code 1dmit1cal to tbn ar1g;lml. ...-. Llnad;v 1n azr 

•enrt. chawbtr . ....,... 

- Ari the Chim IJsoYaD.t ~ =re q£3:'aftt.ed b7 thl fet1 and Japane~icep re!at1CIUt becam .:>:.-• tilu.1 t.m Amrlcan Stat• 

D.partnnt, 1n 1938, began t.e nae a dif'ticmlt coda call8d ta. ":';trip 

Clpber .. " 4 J:»Zt 0t thh codrJ _. llWln ant'i ~ ~hetQgraphio ~ 

•• ewn •ant to 11!"• · Howettl1"1 beca'Ull the all ~t cfJdl kq 

wa• 1111e1ng, tm mt.hoc o: uae oould not bl l.e~raed. Atta a pap!r 

17&ttam had been !111.tJa arid inttmaiw re•.rdl coru!uet&d. ~ .thi!I ~' 

a propsr notrn "Major BAP.R&Tn apptared in om or ibe !J!teret;pted 

•••gee. .l:am had bsc f'OGD41 and tbl cods 'fB.11 thence deeiphsl"ed. 

Tbs f'olln1xt.g 1• a d1agru o~ thla code. 

5 
;• 

. 

~ 

t 

p..io- . 

. ; 

- Doc lo 6471S e REF ID:A65640 ~ 

I l 1!lxlrlz!1 HQ s ty g ............ Yi (26 lattenJ) 

ll s ¥6 YA B z ; 0 ------ -•ll•u«t 

j•'.7 Ill 7 . /a z p E 

___ .... ~- ....,.._. __ ............ ,... 

IV 11 1~lJ 

'l •.3 s 0 I 

. .125 ... 2, -yp A B z iJ y' ~ 

--- 'YI ' (IutraatlGm) The -.rtoa. lltripG are alid 

I I Sil\o pl.am as that t'JI: ezupla the 1'0l'd ~MP 

I I '* • JL.,.m.tm::tl&r. ~ce ~ htt.n UZFOU, I I GARIB, be cam ceat 1IOJ'da. I 

I I 

I I !!Iii ordll' ot al'J'qillg the a.Ude• cUttan each 

ID I accarcUnc t. b ooa. ..,.. 

nu. eecl9 waa quite eiaple to Ult bat baaau. r4 tba ~ 

.m ~Santa ad qrlat1an9, it °"2ld not be ciaciphDJ'84 t.hr~ 

~aaal •thode• llso, tb1a eodll _. •ztn•l.v ccurpllcatad ~that S.t ooal4 be alt.ud ~ b7 cJtencSng tb9 code key 

di t.be arr~~P-" of U. 8'rlp i..ttere. 

llth;qh tbl blrlta St.ta~ code book COl1l4 an4 as !~In Ssa •di a •mwr, a ahdtar code 9hicb the .lar1am i!flV7 

·?~: ~- ~ ·~ to me coc14 an 119 Rta!»4 bJ' 1ueb •thoda, ana t.m. ~..,._.117, ao iBtmwaUan caulcl be Sntermpted tr. tha. Bowwer, 

. ~ 

"Ga1289 tbt7 W9.l'9 alao aaillc uou.r eilrple eld9 called the •simple C1Jtm',• 111eb ~ Sntarmtlm na ob't.a!md &ota th!a eca:'ce. 

Spied e W !'lMt. 

.: !lie ~ ot tblt fSnt 8hmakl Dsd.dmt rapidl:r pit a strain ~ J~..-.blrtcu nla\lf.u. OtetAtng t.o pa'\ Pftau:N m JAPG, 

ti. lhdt.4 Statn O.wz 8" .-.bl.et ti. Padfic n.t, 11blcb at 

ta. UM "'9 ba wwwwww Sa Ba.SSaD •ten• '!'be w..U. of both 

tU Unlte4 Statea d4 Dl"ltbb Far Zdt J'lut8 ~ !&Dtmlad 

DIC' !Bum&l. ~ alln\ JS'ealRZN bqin to be aJJP]~flC! ID JAJU. 

Tbt l&T&l Cemft i SWi'~ Sn a .te.te ot tena'• u dark clendm 

JwMr.S war Qe 1.1.CIPic, beaan to _,. p1.aDa Sn earmst tor 0peat!m:.s 

apsut ti. 1111n:D sr~ss. Bo..YC't coaftomt.ad ws.t.b actual 11att, tt n.l'_. that notr-inl ~~at all abont the llidted st.ates Hav. 

ot emrn, U. ,,,...,.,. of~ 1t,. ~. the!J' llPMds, anmante, 

e\ •'-a eou.b! be ~ tr. WJam• • :Ftg!ltiag Sh1Jr8• or a •tat!ati-1 ~ ~ UA!ted St.ta• budptal tar ld.Ut.!7 pll"pOAa. l'llat .. mmom _. b n.htiJll akUl of b United stat.. n.et .• 

1f1tJ!,eat b:Jw1aa th!a, it .a. impoea1hl• t. ••U.te tm 9D4llV a1ta&• 

tlca. .ldatral '!'000 4idact1eall.7 gJ'Md 'llhln ha cUsbu.ded hie ~ 

b!md tlaett atter U. end ct U. Ruaao~a;amu nr that naval tTa!n· 

J.q t!lloul.4 be bue4 e tba pr!n~pla t.bat a gt:D llhich 19'1'8~ mtua11 

1'9 tc'plt la tbe eqta1 o~ a h"ubdfed guna which met fin a !nmd!"lta 

•iHi berare b1tt1q tMir art. Taqibl.o stnrJ.gth a11d lntang!?>b 

.U.qtb, 1aah u po.!a+..-1 out b7 Adalral '!'000, Gombinsd t.o mb 

' 
REF ID:A65640 .e 

aotaal ~uac ~- !blln wb&t .. tM tetlqA1- •V.Jlltb o~ the trnltet Stat..1 lldJ! 

J .. _.,, .. """'"' 

JapaJll8• 11rinl 1a \b9 utrmD &T'A.'lU aul.d 1IO 9m"9 a.pp]1' Sa• 

fanatlall t.bu trinal:b' IQ°f ftJ.ariaa arahS.pm aarrr .... cl'N... I 

•••• ii or "Sin• tb9N .. 1n tm 11 • .,, baw TOllmt .... 1n t1ii9 ~! •ni<» ..Jut to baw a tie• NUDd•the-wlrld trip, thei. wU1 t.aG t9 

their bnl.a 'llbea a wu- °W'eab aa\. 9 TIMI D&ftl a"-.lbe Sa W.IBHmlTC.W, 

DC cou.ld leara ll1)thinl• n. Haftl GeMral Start belU ta pt n.tle••• 

It could not ..- plana witbmt havi.Jsg ta. Snf'mw.U.ca. 

~·Jawd, goale .. ye4 TWJII ( L.!l ;f'f ) • 35 or 36 J9U'• old 

and cla.d 1D. a ababb7 ..S.t., .. abtmrd the CHICJIIBU ~ whidl aUacl 

tl"Olt 10IOH.lll 1D s.ptear 1m. B• had a Jeaa attndo\, 11hoae 

head, nth lmgl"on.d hair, leokad Uh that ot a liO!.UBO (Ti ~oan). 

In~ llh1pe pu-.r Uat Lt CfMlllr' TlGJl:I'a poa1tiaa 111a8 &iwn 

u 1n11ps eta!' or the lla'ftl 'i"eal:mical Dlparimnt aad lli attendutlil 

u clerk at tba !iull}Octcll"'• otrs.ca. '!'b97 had bteD •aret~ _.dltftd 

to lear.i the rut patel' ar the Oaitad Stat..1 n.ete tJ7 .-ana ot radio. 

T!GAMI' s attendant .a &11 apart radio an baDcl-p1ebd tor ~ Jrab. I.18~ to the rad!o •• nt>t U1eaa1 1n t.bill tmnzD STA"m.S and 

an,t>C'dy ~ tree to do it. TAG.lKI and h!a ua1ataAt wee w17 •am" for 

the jcb1 •inc. it -.a u wnhtard • •t attempt to steal .. 1r9t1 of 

the UNI'!ID STA'JZS 1&"7 bJ' 2"8d1o. They bad e:zcban!ed oupe of atar 

ritb t:-.. !r taaiU.. fffZ' the t!ml. putlng, an.cl left J!.PAI wit.b 

aohz and baro1c feel.Sl:ga. 

The twc CC'lmtr,an spent a halt J'Ul"t wbicb it taolt t.baa to 

beeom sccustOW1d to Aal"1can l..U9, 1a OSHIIJGTOI, DC, atu~ 

aethcda to i?ltue1pt tbl Unit.d St.tea la~ a co.-miaatima. T!ml, 

the7 boaatit a higb•powr reot1VW' z the pretat t.bat it wcml.d t. 

leaded cm a NY! boat, l:a!t which instead, th97 Wt&l1H in their car. 

' . 

lf'ter tizxl.!.ng oui "'1at th9 Unit.-4 Sta tea !Ia'tJ'' • aJa!lJal nwnta lle!"t,: tbe;r ~gan im 1t!near7 ~ tM TJII'l'BD Sttn:S. 'l'be7 rautd t:p 

and down tb9 Sut and 'fa1t CC...U 1.1D ?EO!lad9, Y181t1ng naval tralnint. b3.see • 

Pcaing ~ eomaleecent. they ap1nt la1sunly d&19 at an Qdt· 

Mnt houn Sn ImiCi ES!CE within a •to!»'a throw ot a nMt ano!l!iS'a19. 

At another tim tb97 get Joh. u caHt&bn at a 119&1~ tudlr• cO'QD~boase. lhll• T!GA.II ~.&r41J took 1t eaar, gotq n.h!q er 

oa:t.ting gl"ue, hi• claok would ~ck b.laelt up Sn h1a bedl"Oml er a lhed, 

liS'Ulnine intontl.1' to radir; ....... ot a nMt SJ!! tra'•"'"• 1fhe t.119 

night can an.cl the ~ •• h<.ed, 'i'l.G.00 vreuld P'appla with a 

r;o?.mtein·.oTradio •aasea. atay1q up all a!drt abaarbed 1n his work. 

The7 ~d that tM United .St.at.a ad Japmt• la"l1' aMd ap-

).'ll"oxim.Utl)- the ..- typa of tire oon"\J'Ol •uqaa. FGl" !utuee, 

r. spo-tt.r- ;>l.4D9 :repQrti!JB a e.n whim t•ll soo .._.. short or th9 

tu-get, nnt t.v • ...,._ U (up) S 1n UJ8 t1nlt.9d St.ate• 1&'17. It 

'IP&C s (ahcrt) 5 111 JAPAN. 'lit.b th1a piece of Jmowledp,. tb97 ~ 

d9t.ndm the aecurat::t ot fl.re ~ ~ to tll9 rad1o ~ troa 

by 

the 

a 

scam 

stop -.tch 

ot naTal 

the 

ammm'J'• 

tlml olapaed 

Tmy bet.• COU14 oo.11p1t.e 

the tiriq 

t.ba race 

•1in&l 

b7 

fros 

~ 

the 

ahip a12c tm report or tba iapaat. 

Thr.19, 1n ellgbt.17 m tbcl a .,ea:r of vqabmid lite, thq l8amd, 

the fiihtil:i skill or the trnite4 stat.a la~ fairl:r •11. What th97 lea~d ae llJ!'W man U.)' bad apect..d ~ tM United Stat.81 107. 

7 
REF ID:A65640 e 

It. - ~iDc tar tlntft tbla ftriq a-...... lhG$1 t.hn ldttlll 

'1111 tar,n. !b9 eowiW ..U-pl"l.M ~ ~ .Tapu1• in usak4n1 

\Mt 1at91ift -~-wek \n,at"C .. 1b •peo1allt7 WU 

~lbattued. 

!M7 •'l'lte'' .. quite a !tit ~ 1at.ssa\1oa oe tm tha1tad St.ate• 

hV, ftlMM~ far U. opeftt1onal p]•mfna ot tbe l•Pf1211• Se~. 

Al ....... \Mi lB ln7 Mii abftt tba IW t.n>e of traiDiq u tJle J.,... .. wa,, !t Uld tm.. tbl• u 9laeh 1'ae1 ml ts.w ~m. .. ~ e •':tlon trr tnJDS.rc .. t)Mt latter. It oa:f't.•5n17 ._. tbt 

'MY7 ~ a "aw• ~. .Both nnte. he! \lieu an eba!'Mtel'i..atlca 

b 1 •17, UIS \Mre wa 11\U. d1tt•.ran• 1D amq of tire. 

!be m 1av wu tar sup9rlor 1D • •'catiau di! a'1'1atimi, n11e 

the Japan·• •N allCh'tl3' better 1D nigtrt. ftcht.ine• Beoau... or the 

4lftereno9 ill \ha tra.1a1q .,.,a, tbe aerJ.aim fi&htil3a power t"CNlabed 

ita •x1- 1D Jm. '*1le ours dJd 1n Deo11lnr. 

btura!z& 1a ZJ.7U 111 two )'9U'S1 'l"'•II ao'Qlded an &l.8J9 that 

1ibe tiaiw.1 &tat.• 1la'f7,.. ronddable.. !.ie ~:bed the Jap.mest: 

bT;y f~r ita CC'!F'ecGee~ 

In 'Uat tb9 fts:htiq uw. of the OZdted St.tu Ba.v WU 

laloa\1 wlLat t.t.m o! pl&nll wre bei.J.11 ..S.? It waa a top ..Wtary 

MUW'&. aa1 ceiAd mt. be Jaloml .. u,.. Tm opon.ti<mal pl.am of 

ta J'9?'•• tl"'7_, wld.eh WN Niii EU~ •WJ'7 ,.ear, Mn !'irr..t drn.fted 

f.'t tile nnt. (Openticu) Seetlcm of t!MI 1.....i Chief ot Stat~, 

w.rttt.n wt 1D "SUKI" ~ thA aeat..hm eM.et, and lceked 1Bp in a est• 

atte-r -~ eppl'Cftd. !.be.r wn De"lel" typed or ~~. It wu 

Jvrt. ua,y 't.o t6b a loK at t.be d~. ~would f1r.:d it 

d!.tfiC'Qlt tc •tal it. 

At the Jieq], ::it..tt College at EU'lk'i, •P llamUWre U'rl lfl\!" 

goes wre eonduct.ed dq 1n am rlq Gt4. Students were clin~e4 

1ma two ~ aDl wre ubd tc .U. oy.ientioml plus with ~ll 

eft!JPle data. Th•M plama wre au:..~ b,7 iutnl .. Al"Se are~ 

~ 

.mJdGta 1lbo md• t!le best ;ll.aM wre appo~ ~ of tl.io 

t1Mt8 wb1cb ftl"e ellp19d 1D D-p mitle~8 • 'l'b,e;3~ ~CW 

~ 

t, . .,,., !'Bpeatod tnJer all ..,.iftbla mr:d1tim:JJ1 3t.~~ ~DmlG;~; 

cezota~ lotJf.oal eoncl.um!.oz:,z. !bone eonclu!on5J qro 1"90-

poattible for tbe est.1.-ticD that the Uu1W Statu kV ..W f'irlt\ 

CQIW \'!p tl!l!'aqb tbe MAP-5!1ALLS am the °"-1\0IJl!S ~ M a~tnpt t'3 

ret.ake \be H!ILIPPm.8 am, aftm- <?'.rt.ting of: th9 lm~ Ma!.n.~r:d 

~!!!' regioJJ.fl er mtm-al re~"GO.e m:id 11aitll2£ fa: our .tigbt~ 

8t..~...b to be nha.mted~ ::lose in on tho Ma1nl•zri. T'41a esti~10'll 

pro1'ed to be ex&ctl.T ~be u. aa the URmD St.a'IZ' ~ntjAn Raiabo11' Ho 5, which wa.a to bl fJUC'~ co1nc1c11=.g dth thE 0.ecle...~l~ 

-o!. var, called fer, iiS ~·'aed 111 "fbe Rising SUD o! t.h~ PJ..CT.Y.!.C~V 

Ca~..ein (Ziavy) la<RISOX '• ?>oak publ.isbed aft9r tho er~ 

Am!l& the bari.oan literntw.'9 ued u lL"GBeareh. •teriQJ. Ye.e 

P..ear Adlliral FRCET 8E "'0-1er:1&a eup-tps0 - it_. mt.~ -.hen 

tMiJ motb.-eawn book bad bem obudned. Idoa.s oon:t61MC in th..~e 

book ~:. &laost 1..1•x:tiCAl 'W!th the plcnG empl.Qyltd by the 'QJii tee! 

Stat.es bir;r 1D the laat wnr. That, 0£ aoUJ"ee, ~ ll02S't.hillg nobod,,r 

ia..., until the ..:- ~. Our ~ 1llUlted to t1Dd out wh~thao 

it• est1mt1ons •re COft'41c:t or oot. 'f'b.sn an two ~ to do !t. 

n. &Jm1.J&l li1l:tWU'twre ot the tmitsa statee N&Y7 t":neralJJr utt 

a pnet.1oe of part ot its optl"a'tiomtl. plc.na. Tile right ~rson ~ 

.tndid th• phna o~ aucb e.nmal -=-~ co~ pt a~ ! ~ell. r>f tJi:g 

Jla'Y7'a opc•ation&l plan.a. 

8 
---------- --

-

--&loo '° 64718 e REF ID-:A65640 

!be .Rav bu MJV scbaola, and ~ati°' a.m atrdeu aret ~·t 

ai ibs• 90beol• .i.oat without mpticm. Taa wtrw:to.ni, .u 

!laval Sta.ff eou.,. pwluatoa, tak!Bg a pr1do k provS.Dg th!! vnatMU e.t ~ knowledp 1n t,m, amuala ot t:u.at1m ud at:c-ategy 

thit7 'll"ete, aneouG1mu'1.r add.a llilitaJ.7 eeCl"eta mt neosa~~"7 

t~ t.be boata. U ~ Japana11e F.a.-q got tbeEe books, it oc;t~ dr 

t.da a ...,.i idea ot tblt tacrU.a md strategy o~ th& tE &ivy. 

EWQ' ts.. ta. UJd.ted State• n..te •n on ~~~, ~b41 

._TapamM imv1abl..J Aat a wenhip to t.ba lllWll'WWr &NU or had. 

u oil-taker boaal tor~ Nti121'1i1118 &om tbe W5t coot c£ the · 

lJJflfiD SUDS, eq'lllpped with • rece!ving aet, go throu~ the &.!'90 

tor the pmpeee ot p1cldng up nd1o •••Pl com..iciJJg Sntot'llllt1a! 

Npl"li111ac the pl.am eDl ~ion of UDIUft~. 

Lt Clllir •p reoa1ftd a latter &botrt. 19l4 w!lice Pid, 0 I ~l"I 

a 1!81.t.\ Stat.• k"7 Li. (Sen1elt Gniae) on t.lw reH~ list a!3d 

Pall.alt.le~~ meni08." np mt tbe .mer of tbe l~tte.J.• 81'6 

j~ ti\&\ be waa a Lt (SWS.or Qrade) placed on tbs NHl"Ve .l!e't 

beea- of -.m trouble .ma 'that. b1a wile had Iii.! tm.it. tor a 

diwr.e. An America bul'buii 1a a aoEP].ete loMr in • diwree sv.lt ~"'Ida .u.,. am ... must PV h18h alis»'D1'• The Lt (Se.n!CP 

O!Wie) ba4 ~ ... 1lban be tomx1 biJ&Ml.t 1n finncU.1. ... 

~· .. Wd llJ" thn the eon ot a rear edl!L~ ool.d11.!g ~ 

illportant. posit.Se Sa ta. Ope.ratlona De~•• atud71ng to 

ta.tar -U. Sa~ _statt Scboal, ming •cret docmmnta u •t'-"d¥ .- ~J '1Jat. \be -4ainl'• ._ .. a &lON &1.eDd o1' t.is, ~ 

~"be oeu14 honaw ~.that h• 1IUllld brbg a b>ak to ~t" if 

< - • ' ~ -1.d ... it 1a CID8 lliglrt.. 

~t tor ~ton _. prosptly HC8, ud the firzt : ··- · :'** tea ~ ~t _. u ariaticD tact.lea :an-al mted s.t t!:ta 

. _ -~'t'!a'U.la CIMt. Mboo1 at IUS.ACOU. Tb.e ~act tbat the bcok mn-

·"".;, .. - ~~:w_ul ~ vwa ~a U. msuu,s# the IWUAIUS alld OUAJA, i:. '' ~!~~ -re mot. ... • .. ~~ .tor aplenatio'!l ~ tM uu of a~ u0!39_. _.. ~ ~ wrt-~U• tor ov Naearab. tryil wu elated. 

C-. &lq "19 -. ftitiq 1n b1• oar pubd ozi a sornei- dea!gmted 

!a Ma proll1m w1Ua U. Lt IOI' a •tr..t o:>ntact, but the Lt., en a.l• ~ pDl'tlla1 .. , ~ed te appear. Bti .. loiterillg oti t~ aidewlk lnk'na Sllto .-.111m1ow~ c.n he .telt the shadow nr a~ he- "181-~ .. W a teeline ~t b9 aa bainl lbmdowd. St-art.led, 

bl Jmped h&o bis oar Uld M'f.ll'md to b.11 qaarten. Tbrongh bis 

.... - laarMd t.bat tM Lt bad bee &l'Tuted. 

The ~d::l.~,., 1d:&o liftd 1D a !mt, in a robvb with b12 obild!ru, 

wu -.t4 \e .._ ~ dremJ.llc t.be llt.1q of Ma oonnienc. in l~quor~ 

'l'hia at.~ ·~~ to b1a wuteta1 speft'!iqc o~ mom7 ~ reMllt.ed la~ an.n. •J• t1n to BEW Y\l1'! with hia pbotog!"llp..'do 

mpt1fta anl teDt pe.88&111 • a Japuiue lrelshter to tteat a ~t.Y 

retna-\ to mu. 

Dm'iJl& U. &uttllD ot 19381 the llS Pacilio Pleet held la!-~ II!~ 

..,_,.,•r• Sa BamUatt ..-ten. About W.. u.,, tha w1reluit 'r..elliPDOe 83'.tea ~our 107..., hi&bl;r ~. nte wireleas di..~~):' 

Uoa-f1:M:J!JJC .Wiou UN DDt. oDl7 omtablillhld sith!u JUMJ btit 

9 

• 
Doe Ko 64719 REF ID:A65640 • 

tht7 

~ 

wen ~ ~ tbe 8ou\b SN S•J1 .. r. ! wirel.N• 

q.t.• •• atmed ~ ti. et.in hc1f1a o.... area • 

.lftaJ-~ atl:ldiea mi the NA.l\• ot ~ •JmH11l crud -• 

Ten et oar ln7 ud the J.aras••-1• WW1lln ~ tm • 1n7, it 

-u poai1ale "° obta1a ~11 MCllN\e ...U.t. td ••mJ ..U.t!QM 

'b7 thl .".189 of~ winleu 41recU.m-t1nd•q t.pp&Tat.u ..a 'b1 lant1.ng f.M TR Ill)''• « !Bi eatia 00Jld.1Uoti nD \bolzP t.be milO' -a. 

oo\lld ~ t>. read. It wu :i.um4 U..t W.. •• ney llidft.na,_.. 

wban Mk Sze G utJ.ate or battle plam • 

!be OIADJ. llm"a ~1pal Unit wu atat1Gmd 1D a lar• whit.-

'IUUd bd 1 d1 ac hiddu in the OUlpbor forest ~ OW.W lt.1n ill a 

aec\icm ot ~.W (the I&nto P2&1a). '?bU beOUI t.be .,..,._. 

cet.v ol a larp mnlto~ mt.on. Tlll the end et the 1111.r 

t6'all ~I. 1.nt.llis-nee wu N~ u a h1Pl.7 1.lnal'Glbl.e aipal i.r.. lllpnee ..rn .. a.ad .. the~ r•t1oa. Dnr1q tM til"at 

¢.aM ot the fi!legba1 IMideJSt, "I" aa aple,..S u a mwa deeode', 

am at tat t.iml ~ _. • reoop1sed ~.ran deoc.d9r. Si.Doe im, 

..-f. 11 had .oeld tha p.lil,.Uon ct Sta'tioo D1.i'ector. l:le •Jltert&iae& tile 

~.-&.:.that. t.b1a weuld be tlle beat opporttsdt.7 to test Ule •tt1e1"9J' ~ r.bo mnl .uit.~ qata and ~ bepn :p~tfma 

i.'c1· th. tcstc. Thtt grazrl MDBllWrts ot tbe m Pa.U1c l'J.•et w.s 

t=:rf!retore uaed as the il"8Jl3. -.mttMra ot cur .laVal latGlllpmoa 

Dt~co. 

b41e ao:iitors wna plaoed cm oU taubra e.alliag fo!" Ire .., 

GE;I;~~; an! tll9 sh!.pe ftl'e insi.rtwted to u.il iJl \be TiciJdty er tM 

rs :?J.Nt dunaa t.ba ml~PU "r the enm1 MDeUWJ"~ Ra.die Gp9raten ~~ also di~tcbed to t.he llllSB.lLL lalaJli• to work ct 'Ulf: li a- 1',~P.ina poati. A d•taUed NpOrt et t.ae mmit.or1q aitu.ticn wlll ·. ~ .:ni ttad iiM to lbdtttd !lpae9. 

·~iOHWr, b,y tatftroepti.llC the wtm1oat1~u ot t1'e llDR'ft!9 

::mp:iJ'le £.aticl'&> t ... 'i\n S&DRft..I" pll.ns tor ••1-il&tad OftJ'lllN.s~ ,operatio...,.;, t.:W Orpniut10!4 ilf tM ::.T!&ftl n..t.a, thti PJ'OC"Hi ~f ~ 

"9nfi,.'fttra, &Dd ather s1.mr"'...e detail.s Uidl ~ded notll•:n:t •t•r- ~ for o;.ierat!o:.s Rft ~t aA! tbers w:ia -a:r pobt• whitalt ·~\."1:: ::'fJS£!ble th6 bpr.o..,_trt.s of our O'l1i mftl orp:ih.a~i~ • 

. 1-...tter t.2- SJXta"Rl:'a, -&an. 9lu c;:x~J.ajurl the mve11111ta ot tM. 

:;. ... ~-tt; cy ~rar.J:i al-.zrto et th9 l'n,y iilnistry, there ,,.re -~ ad• 

til"'~~-~-:: "ho 1l9N as~ed b;r the 'f'ut NIO\l!lt. o£ ictenatio:i e.i~ 

'.'1e ~~ be91; a?U•-to obt:aiL. I 

?he 'Mf..relasa IJrlAlllguce DL.""f!C'ted ApSut 

ths tG Paai.tic 2'1Mt 

!t th.st tw, tb t:eram--Pol!&h nr h-1 sta.-t9d i:l IOF.OiB, 

.::-.Dd. the lightning .. ,.taclt3 ot Gi.EKU'Y had ~-ocbd the world. TM i:=· G-:>verr.aent Gal."1.1.m:al; wat.atad thll ~mnb o! t.be Ja?&Jle• 

Gcve:na??t am atat1o.:.d tbe Paci.no neet. in HAD!! ~ ~rte!" 

t~ g:"2.!X2 DIDSWWra a:x1 sil.a:crt.l,f 11-a.tahed tJ.\s 7u ~rn •itws.t.la11. 

~ t.hia t•nM aitu.at1cn, the OW.IOA Signal Unit. ~po,re.i. ~r 

w.:.r time emrps;q • ad a'l11 UDdertook a 4et&1..l..d at'DIS7 '4 U. •1iil-

!!J.~ ei~l'" am the er\\~ t..legnn, espec1.all.,y of perlO!aal R&-

~;,.re::: sent 1:y t~~'- C"-:ew rr.crrbo:::r:. of t!1~ .F'leet, which cs:ne in during 

lO 

•' 
REF ID:A65640 

. . • 

tM ~1.oD or t.i.szg.s fraa the Pu1t!o FlMt. He _. abla 

\e Hta1A-* 1Jlt.ciHt!al htoratl•. 

TM at.d1•'nc .r tm PH1fto nan 1a IWl.ln - -* a ..._ 4 .. , unapeet.t .,.. ~ it appeared te haft enat• qld\41 a cantta.to:a wq tM 1'lMt. an •lh:n. S1nee tbl popaldioa in tbe 

91d.u1'7 ot Purl Har1:or 1mre&Ad 8uadcl.7 b7 aneral tea ot 

tbD\laDA1 t then ... • Olqlll\S.cll ~ t.9lep-u9 1Dqu1r1J:11 abeszt' 

i.11e rutaJ. or -.u.1 .m roam aDS tel.•11"88 ca'''"' t.r the w1•• 

amt eh1ldrea of the em ...mr.. Al.8e, U.19 - a ,,,,.sM.1 •1· '-.u. -.re a ..u. ~ tbe tD1mm aun:s HJ1t • telaciu to 

Ml' lmHlm4'• •-""91' ooap'•'n'ac t1'at bar bumnd Md not MDt 

8Jq •llHiatWe e11ew.._ to her. TMN 18 DO dlttu.aoe 1a hwea 

,_., '•• hat er '!Mt.. 

u tM .tq 1a BllU.lI leb~~e~,thare W9re alpa tbA tb9 

8'lWW maben _,.. bel2•'n1 te pt. bored. OD St. Yai.tDI'• Dq, 

14 Feb l/J, t.ba 1'~ ~ ........ -- b.1 • eNW 

..... r te Ill• sirl Mam 1D W!'ll.E, 9Blm BAWAII would not be 

so bl• U 1'0Wl wul4 lie IQ' Tdents.ne.• ~ ~•iabwtaa or the 

cm • ..._., enl4 be pl•'ni.7 dlrtected • .u.o, tM -~ traaJ.nc 

..Wule et~ t6 7lNt oa LAMAIJU ROl.d, ua1ng Pearl ~r u 

tb91r ~ bue alld J'll8t. oup, wu eaeUr i.an:m. Ew17 Pr14a)" 

tbe F..,.uter Seatlon ot ealb ship 1--4 u order to ~ a mrtaiJ.l 

UMat et ~- •at and wptabl.H dellwnd te a •rt.ain pier. 

17 ealcmlatiq the maber or tbe para; wl ot a M1p nth •SJPfCCd• .,.i_r 

~ 

...... ratlon, the poa1t10D er tb9 pier ad the Mip ... 

a'1e to be •diatad. Petbapal it 1• wal'tb •k'n«. 

spedal. mt• t1'at U. 1Du1e 1ntell1pnca tor tbe plaDa ~o at.taak 

Peal autlor had~ 1-u 1D bud owv a JQr mad ~h.8l~el:ie£ore. 

Dw111c Ula latt9r HU ot 1940, th9 relat10D01p betwo the 

ilin'ID STADS .m ruu ......_ W01'M and tbl catunaa or 111telli• 

~ on tM m ••v beoa1 1na:NuJ.ll&11111portaDt.. £1xnzt thi• 

tiM tlMt ITaftl S.aret Cb•""er ad~~ to JIEIPIJlC, SH.&iGHAI, 

and c.ur?OJi • but ta Dl•IU!it,T Of explMlaa ~ tb9 w1ftleaa intel.ll• 

geme an tb• ti> .ltlantic Fleet _. felt J thereror., an ottioe wu 

eatabl.1Uad in E1ICO Cit¥ 1n tM latter part ot tb9 ~ar to pt.her 

1mlQUla aateri-.1 ~ mwmllta Gr tbe AUutio Pleet ud 

i.ha .,..ni. ~ tl'.18 m Battle n..t.. 

ID roao, 1lbaN ~ HeadQuart.ra wu located~ the hnl. G9M1"&1 

Statt, hwta Depart.ant., lltb Snt.1on beam tbll l&Tal o.-r.i St.att, 

Spe•.1al 

~ 

Sent• UAlt, ud the orpntsatioa •• rapidJ¥ expanded am 

... 

u 
REF ID :A65640 

Ha.wall Sea Dat.Ue 

At dmm Gil 26 IJov 41, th• ?int. Taa\; f orc• ailently let:t the •n~ HIT<ZA.Pru Bay or ~lr"'U Ialand and etealthily 

appreac!'.114 tbe co.J'tharn Hawaiian 'Ra.ten 11!.th &ll their 111..rctlc19 

apparatu.e an4•r leek and kef to Jll&1nta1n abaolut.e e1lenc•. 

Since -....r, the a1r Wlit ot t.h1a fleet bad gme through a 

ftgttrau. t.nJ.n1llg •chedule. Ql the other hand, at. tbs air baa• in 

nusw u. 12t.h Cabined ilr unit .. can.et.&nt.17 being trained. 

.Aa •sual, the7 were tl~ t1'a dam te dusk. The radio 

at.at1.n • the ban ws.s t.r. ca11JQ6 cede ot the air-eratt can1.sr. 

'ftw.1 a.Da\an~l.7 eahln,p:i UPleu mnupa t.e deceiw the eAger «Je1l1' 

llatcwra et the sl:wleaa direct.ion ti."lding at&tlana in ta:-o.tt 

fUJfAII SDI IWl'ILA and lead th.a t.o bellne that th9 Taak i='~ waa 

8\111 apt 1o tbe SETO Inland ~ 

'ft'9 •iftlue eperatora m the Flag Ship A!AGI or th• Tuk ft)J'ee 

"" alel'Md ta U..tan to tbl re1>9.R8 ~the Imperial Genaral 

Headf}ul"tea bl"CNldcut trm t.hl Teqo wiftlee• 1t.aUCJn. r.:n~, 

the MGbeJ'Sn& pei11t1m o.r eaob 1h1p Gt tho U..~ Pacific Plo~ 1n 

Pearl Hattter ... •1Nd ac=n\el7 and in cl9tail. Even the in-ea!linJJ 

mrl Kt ae'nc mlpe, t.tw condition~ the acur1ty aeuurea, 4s-

~mH taallem•• and -1atence ot ant1-eutma.r1ne cete were report9d 

ln 69\aU. 

leper.\ A 

Ji-"'9 ftwabeT :JS a\ 00 hourw 

an 4 Decembol" 

'!be ahipa anaho1"8d in Pearl Harbor on the art.moon ot 29 HOTUlber ••n .. fell-. 

A 3"tor {Bet.11MD the Uanl Arsenal and F<JID tel.am) 

IT (Xanl Anwial. liorthwest. Whari'. ) 

Pmnay!l.'t'ania (P.attleahip) 

Alisma (B&tt.leahip) 

n (SJ-..ere-Une pG•t.) 

C&llCer.n la (B&t.tl..-11hip) 

Tmwa1n (Bat.tlea.l\lp) 

1'aJ7land (Battle1h1p) 

lf•at. Y1r&ln1a (Pat.tleah1p) 

gs (llaftl Anenal Rapair Wharf) 

?trrtland (Clau-A cftl1eer) 

In clMk: 

CU..-A cruiaera 2 

1 
,.. ·.,-

• .• ., . 

. 

- --- ·- - - ---- ..... 

.,_ ·. 

REF ID :A65640 . • 

Ia__.1112ttaaa1 

~ 

~ 

4 

1 

. ~t• .. : Patftl-boata 2· 

' 

~~ ·' ll~~e4•nlmit9 2 

Rapalr ahipa 2 

Mlae ... per l ... ,. 

B s9o:Mr (the Ma area ti.i tJ. n-'hwe9' d.beot.s.an of VOim 

Island \o the vlc1nit7 ot 1CllD I.eland) •. 

FV (shoft-Une poet) 

' la:ingt.on (!~ etam.) 

Utah (?ar&et.-at~p) 

Clas•-Si CNiaer l (San ~:. \)'pe) 

c lua-D c ruiaera 2 (a.ha tne) 

~s)_ 

i C Seotol' (~ lock} 

nest;royor-ten48'.l'S 

t ·n Sector (Ciddie . leek) 

' 

2 

-l2 

-. 

n ~o c~~ 1.."'t status. u of the a.ttemooo ~ Decaaber 2. Shon.-

leave for tr...e •n.ilora 11u allowed as ueual. It .._. that t.hej- are 

not. i.."l a st.fate of preparedneso. a~ 

{ttcctted) 

fteport A. 

JSTtlO snipe !Shieh were at ancho!" on 6 Deetmber. mi -!11.Qe 

t>att..le1toiptt, three elua-a c1Uiaers~ -UU.. sea-plane can1en, and. 

17 d_estro~r.s, With tour clas ... B cru.S.nN,. three ~n, one 
REF ID:A65640 

a1~t earriu, and one hea.v cnd.c•r in doek. a.ll en at.and-by 

atatua. Unu.1a.al actiTitiu in th• Fl..t. eo-1ld net be cet.ected .. OAHU lelaad ••• ea."lll and was r.ot blA=:it.9<! out. "Th• !~av,- r;;.part-

.Dw.\t et U'9 I•rl.&l r..r..er~ Hu.d.quarten 1a contident. of yotir 

allCCea••" 

>:.o~ to ~he po:at-«&r pc~ilcat.imn 9 tt..e !iava.l secret Int..elu.i.~a Of'1'1• in ~AS!?'IKG'ro?l hQ.CS. dC«ied the teagru which 

tJw Ja..pa..._.. e4verm:ent. had sent to ttw J&;JN'li89D Ccmaul in !ieHClJjlU 

request.in& \be &.~oh•red poaitlonm or the ti.et fJ!.thln ?e.IJ"l Har~ 

and it.a c.\&rt.. :Pl:G1111Yer, t..i~o,- we1-e net able to u.ndQrstand the !t!lll 

•1gl13.tic.lflnoe et tL• abOTe ~rd.er. 

That. 1e not all- ~..19 UNI'f;;".O STf.~ had dul1 daeiphered alaoet 

all ot th• _.Alff bet.nnn th9 JaptVWa& Gfte:maw:mt.. tma t.._ J.-par.ne 

emoy to~ ti'?r.ITm STADS. The UNITBD S'lAtf' ... i::; wu ec>gnisant ctr thD 

f aet. that i.mbus&dor Ji::M'JnA ( itt· f J ) would submit the wt. 

notiM at. 1300 heu%"11 (l~al t1&9j on 7 !'>eeel!ber c..nd alao the 

Grd•r to raetroy th• oadl..-.g au.h.1..-in m 6 &;eauber. 

It. u Rid th&.t alert w1rsa were sum\. cut. t.o all the &me6. 

force.s 11gne4 ey the Chlet ot ~!aTa.l Operations nnd the Chi~r &t 

Start. Wit.\ all t."lon ~'1 .. &•-'n.ti~ why 1tU t.be surpriae :at.t.;.ek 

on iU'NAII c.ar.ried cut •• aucceutullJ'? 

It w«ild have been aere ;.ila,y tor the US 3ecret Cham.!:ier, whtch 

h.&d hiatei, an4 UPerience &i.cce Y~.DUti', to le am by •ire lesa t1.m 

maneunr pl erA ot th• Japaneae Navy• which wue the uanal anntlb.l 

p:rnct.ico. 

f.iew•'ftt"• the "-an.eilVua ot t.h.t9 C~hinad fleet., •hi.ch wers re~eat&d 19ar aft.er y9ar, were eoneentrat.ed en the study or t.!le 

battle pl.&"18 t.o destroy an !Q~11117 OTense<lS attack ot tho in ~leet. There wu no t!.i:;.e when they would leM one to believe thttt 

they we?W rchea.n1c:c~ to att..o.ck iL,R .tII. .I'h1..s a beca.use the attack 

cm llA~All wu a nn id.ea which was et.~""d !or the .fi!'8t time a tC"rt 

cenths prior te the •'t.art of the w~r. 

It 1• t-ellwed t~at. tt.i.o US H~va.l Socret. C:hll.!lber findy held 

to their bel.1.e! th&t J.~PA~1 would take tho uau~l course; Judgir-1. 

by the t..raJ.n.1.n& o! the Coab.bed Floet year a!tor year. ?iould it 

be a. lliat.&k.o t.o u~ucie th:l.t the negllpcee of the UH'ITED ~'I'ATSS 

11.u due to t.heir Olln o'ftlr-contidonce .. ! 

vr. llTA, 7'.wlo { .-& ~:· :...._ i, ), who ~a3 the con5al 

General i~ HA~Aj! darl.~.,g thGt tir.~. lat•r d.1~ er n ccrebrul 

h.a.8!Jlor1'4.age in TSIP.G1':.0. It 1e regnt.taba that we "ere not able 

to learn the t.I"U.e &1tuaticm of t.~c:.t par.Led frtm h.1.g. It can ngt, 

be .rorgotten t.hat. th.on •ere z:ia.n;v 1'.id9n1 thankless t.aeka beMnd 

the at.t:;i.ck cm fiA'!!.II. 

14 
.. ~ . 

.. 

. , . 

. t' 

.... - . .. 

·l ,,,. ':4~ , , • 

\ . . ,~,"!-. 

1( .• . 

·. 

···-

.. , 

'j" 

... 

. -~:.._ .... l:!lt..;_' 

Dea •• '47ll ·•· 

RE~' ID ::A65 6 4 0 .. •• . ' I 

S.t.bnft~ .. 1 ' : ' If I • 

l' ... U.,. ta.a 'liall ajt acceptal bdlo Nle that ii) air 

O)llftUcml a\taokitN m8' haw tbJM tlw mmt flgtltlns atftn&'h ._ tM ~. l•dll- • -. Um a\Uldall'll NqU1N thNe 

\Ula mDft dq;t1- t,!lan UJ8. def~ lfweNl't- ~ON - -.r1 

tbeR - 9}0 Alu.ct Pon:ea•,~Janq: lra U. amtb and lf the e_,,,_. ~ .. wludld u.a-... 1.100.. · - • " I 

.. 

~ tJa1a ft.guN GDP .AJ.f4i Md Sfl ml tJ19 twfF· 5(>6. TIJt 

U,pft 1118 -' t.bae fold lrllt. app~q 9NL H_...r• tu· 

dd ........ f'ueed to dlapene thelr nnnauia. tbentom .. u, 

m pee1ll>i. '9 &.&In lca1. mpel'lefll.7.- 1'&1' one amald not becaile-

.,tllllat.k.~~ .tlta\ l\ -ld lie en ea17 .-ntJ.en. It. was 

.,- deda te Oeft7 an~~ a\'8ck, bit\ a -.u.na and · ·· 

tee''lb ai&• ~ well b&W apolled ~ Ra~I operation, and • · 414 .... .. • u..18 \i" ·-- . . . . . ....... ..-n. 

.._,. ... Ja fJie .ea\b ~' W... pl&tmed ~ ·tbe •lr terco 

alt woaJ4 1119· d9pleJed ancl .prapal'84 1" 80llthem ,fORllOSA '° at.\ack 

.a llem u u. .... er ..a.a. lD BUAD waa Npol'&ed. Thuetore• 

la .... ~ .... ·~ -· lSJlte 111 .. ···"'· the Alml'J.oan and .:!• Bdtllab. BedlGD .i \be •l" e,.n.1..Uc la SJIARCRAX. was \ranatened · 

ietb* ... ·(.~ ~ )~!AllO·(,~j:j.) 

_ •--'~ lnlt. '9 11..un to •-. cgpjmnteaUma. . 

. ·In u. la, •. ""'~~-· .... ~-plane·~ the PllILUPDD . .,. lllO.....a ~.. en 4 .,._.. an R'4lnarJ 

. - ...... u. .,,.. that, -~ t1cbtv p1anee •Gllld be k9p\ .. 

a. lJ dri• altift. ak\aa •aa 1eaued b7 tl&e Pld.~ tigtda~ pla•··aan. _._. •• ooat--=--. 1hS.e ..... wnled 

u M JI. ... J91dh1- that; Ul9J bait ~ Gill" opuati--1 p1-

and. alO\ ftllllel"' '1' illpG891bl9 t• •~to Caft7 0'1t a •l'Prille 

a\taiok. . . -

• ......... aoa ~~the ... bue C'W'JftlO&tlon a 

.-, et tJ181l' . .r~n 9ent. a teJeara Nqa"'1ng he\el N•~ 

\lam &t. .. heMl. ID. BAGUIO fer Ule "'l'b amt at.b or Deeabar a\at!ag . 

\'la&\ U.,-.il4 be tilal'lf'ter'.an ~ nlgb\ ..._u.. trip. so. 

~ beaWll a 81&'- et nllet. · . . . 

-. · "Gil•• Jd&h' .t -the. -opening· _91 ·u. war. all man. HN · u.'91Wta 

tie ..... ._.loat,1eaa bet.. mtoUJU'I u4 tJae l'BIL'i:PP.~ wMD 

ea· ....... GJ,JI -~ tM C&YS.'9 Gcama1oats.one pmt, wiled. Ute 

·S~.'el .. .,.. .• e.nmAm.CIRT"'t w'4apaa a\Alt.ed hat..111\1 .. • qa.lnat 

ar.s•- t.z.ode .. -plan 41" (do). 'l'bt.e w1N - lli t~ re~ ,.- _itl.·"41.J' to &ll laaa!t . · · 

fl ..... r. ~'.J.7. ·~ t"CIDlCBA t!'U cow"4 wlth 

49na• feg Ull U. air t ...• , .U'"onabl• '° tq. It WOlll4 h&'fll 

'"8: a-·~ 1t t~ ~ bed c:omMl'at.\uked ~ ·~ ~ tl.elde 

wa ., ..... 14\h GUJI' alrplue•. We talt. 1\ ·••· aerloaa ~~t w 

8Dd.ea9ft4 ld.&11\S.~ t.o ~ftllpt, ... ~ C_.QSQAU.omt. •' "' - I • ' 

· Ii .... ,.. U.. •'*>' 4ld iaet. attack anUl ear a1r toNe bd 

eanled .911\ an Snlt.-lal at.tack In tb.e ~ .r the samfdq. . : 

S!mlta..a..17 wlUa t.he ~ of ov· air at.~~. the plan became 

a Mdh-.. ealU."11 ot ettieU'lt, 1uulng ot •rden to tnnepo" -.ar uteri~ n eeMn.. · · - - · · ·. '· . . -

' 

15 

· .
nee •• l:47ll e REF ID:A65640 

B&\t.le ot MIW.il 

- Ot:r c.-1* ~lee\, Wbloa bad deetff!'M tJw lll1n AMriean ud 

Drlt.iah Fie.ta in the Hulalian and Malqm SM Sa.tt.lee ~1J\lll4 

int.npfd .,.pen.l.1._ .ia the ••t.h aP.ad Ute -...\ - tbe 111nner· if t.,... 

tOQ,iht and al11q9 M1sin& tbe1r 9bjecUw 1t t.he7 at..taclard. OUJ' 

Rising Sun tlaa. tl• ._. tar u the Seuth F"aci!ic and Vl9 Inert• 

Ocun. It •• 1 H l.1lt9 impualaled na aigh.\. It. w ir.nit.Wlle 

that I th?'llGgh the grN.t ri.Cteri• 1n t.b& .ant pl\ue Of 9~1'Atiao,t 

t?l• !i&ht.ln& sp1rl.t et t!'!e ettloers and an not up and \hat. Uie 

arregant. t .. l.J.n& ~ t~spiain& the 9f14ll:1" er.pt iato their hea.r\a. 

On ;,prtl 181 tM enemy p~ •ldd•nl,r raided TOUO. Adal.nl 

T AXJ.lfO'l'O ( J, ,11'. ) 1 C hiat ot t.be C tlit4M4 ?:Wot., who NU&ht t. 

c.plet.. the de!l.Dllh ~n tbl !BA• plamm te eaptnre Y.IDWAY amt 

deltJ"e7 "'8 ~ fleet. b7 & •ingl9 blm b7 ent.1c.lng th9 1nu.J !'leet. 

into aetim. Al far ae I u OK1091'D9d it C«.ll4 baw mueoeed9d it 

we bad at.ta8ted at. the opening et t.he war...-. tbo e~ •&a ofl 

guard. 

It 11&1 plamed that. cur weak ct&lT1.er anit ebecsld at.ta.ck trh9 

encl\1', 11ho ee--1 w haT• wall prepned :.dan netwo~aa and penrtuJ, 

repl&caable um aminicable carriers 1n ltAIAII. PUr\Mman, t.htl 

lecatlen of ta C19T t.&ak teroe was net. kDRr\. ti oert&lnlJ' wu 

a ~reu. cpent1anal Qnd.er\,aking .... ~1 .. .;1 WCJ7 et tbe eperaUe 

plan• and ae1'8Mat H.I abaeb&taq n•HUL?• ~1th1t1t that U..re 

•u: no poes1b1lit.Y e.t au.e=ss. 

' 

: !be tinst st.9p k nunt-ering e...W.eat.ien aw ia to reci~Ge 

the i nualier •t c0«aun1•atJ.ea atat.ima. "• mat censi4er the tact 

thai. wh•nenr w!N c~at.1 ... an aent n arw g!.Ting acme 

1rJ,mat.1.on. et 1a.te llig9nCI T&lae ta tilts ~ .reprd.lu• ct it. 

worth. 

ff ....... r, the a.rrog&rlt .f'eellag ameng the aft1~rs ~d een put. 

the.:a oft i;uard and they lett. o~ tor ~..,. •nuw • and t.tre ~t.1• 

am1 tborcu&tnesa th•t. preYSiled in the Haw&ll eperatien WU !er- ~ot.ten. 

, Fu rt.hem-..• the unit,a t.hA.t were t-e part.1e.1pD.te 1n tne ep.ra.-

ti;c eor.ai:tted ef .ujar put.a at the C mb1n9d Flee\ and they Wl'8 

d.iapened in a lar&9 a...-e~ ranging tr. th!t szro Iai.tnd Sea t.• 

SUF:Ji. Ctcaequsnt.17, 1t. O(!ceaa1tatAd an increUfi in t.ho naaber 

ot co=~"licat1G!'18. 

Cll other hws the U.5. wu eagerly 11-te~ag t.& w.r cma:.mim- ~iefi~ in order to d•toet. the aait &ppe.art..nae er tta Japa.tW'89 f'le~t.. 

which •'-• cru.1ain£ e:ve,rywh•N at, will. ."it. Ulu tb::e, an adjatant. 

ef th• i\~"f 2r1'i Sped.al landlna Uni~ san\. the tellolt1ng povrq 

ccc:.pu~ code Maaage t.• all ferce•. "All post.al matters ~aed 

t.o the unit. att.or 5 June will be torward.ec! te ~antAY". 'Rhat 

canleaaoe1aJ It. w:a juot lika reporti."Jg to the e~ th.• t.1- i.rx! 

the pace of tur att.aok. Ala•, a cert.alzi. Suppl.7 soctim sent a 

poorly eliapOled cQde rae1•ase lnatruct.ing that anoanguent.a be llSde 

w tran.spo:t. d.rlnking water t• LrtD'-AT. 1:1'loewr aent t.he •SAD' 

16 
f 

I 

r 

~ 

~·~. . f/11111. .. 

REF ID:A65640 ~ 

~!·•~ '9 -~ .,, M~Jt ie nit. a WJt1a an4 M llA a Mt\er t.e 

'-!i ~~l:f~td u· ~- m\1 t.e tbe a .. s. tenee, wbo wn•uprl1' ~\etili&· ~- ..,--..·~~ .. JaJMa11e, U. taligru was eig.lficant. 

~ twl' Ml&\ llitvraI - \M cJ.7 le&Lal p!&De \!'lat -.u w1UH.ut,·..:•t.r.~.:-. ,pNellJle .rape- &\t.aok. \!btN wn M.fli7 

·.th.rtwTr•ft&.::-~w'Md sob 4 -rw1 a . 'lbe J&pMUa ···- ... ~J·... -· .. - ...... ....... ~ri.a~ Cille~;i; ~re c-.1a~~~w SecsUon, wh1~.,. 

..Ctr•~ &ad a.i°Wlna all ~1.,., eent oat wamln,gs 

.w1t.b oeld· an,perw.t1GD bat. u. d&aag9 Ja&d t.m deae al.zudJ • .,,. 

Ac~ \e the AMrloao battle npnt publlahed atior the 

·'!•r• t.h• ·u~b .• ka4l9 &botAt\ t.he eperat.1•.-P1..p -. aeat.b betorela.ud..i 

'l'M, tuk !C"Oe· w.J'. i...Siately l'eoall.ai~ fH.lf.A·II and at'*tlH CGIQaiN;ti.. ee Ja.?>WAI RN O"Rt.~ qpediW and wen worked ea 

day and ni:&h\• AirplanQ weN Hilt. te VIDW.lY 1n gnat, DUllben. 

rt. kariea.u ••re full at. ~1"11' tor tb1a fight.. but. tM 

J&patlff9 Ccaabinld Pl.Mt. aa ovaMeoMdlnt.. belining that they could 

dest.n.J thl •.DlllG' at ene b109. Ttma tJle7 d14 net """ bother 1euc.h 

t.e ••arch f .r tha •Il9ilV am weat. into a.Uco. 

Mi~ ettbmar!ae ~\ wu 1.aated •••where 1n t.he pat..~ ot 

the at.~aidni fleet. aent. a lmg ndie ••age on .)0 llq. On th.e 

:U•t. -the eDllSl\T plwa and •abMr:lne• bM•a wr,- act.1.ftl and m~ 

more orpnt -saawt ~ . ...-.r beto19 were nnt. Aune 180 

••~ .. that. •rw ·~ ct. cm l Jww t"l"Qli Hua11an 11&ters, 72 

•HHiff •re ~lauil19d ugct.. 

Th• GDmq hl't&inlif beo.ua ~ ot ou.r operatienal plans. 

QJ:r hepe et & eurpriae attaok wu ahat.tel'9d. U we bad oainta~ 

th• eaa.~1oo • earcincl at. tJie op9niag et tbe wu- w might b.aw 

NCcmaidlred. •ii plans• oat t.he lead.era ot tin t.Mk. tercea,, the 

Headqg.1u•t.r• ctf't.b• Cmb1n9d Fleet and Iaperlal Gcleftll Meadquarten 

.. re cmt1d-'•• belin1.n« that. oor taak fern wu at.l"Wlgsr thm t~e •Dla.r. It ...e.no d1ttennce t.o t.bml \hat. oa..r plan.shad beon 

detect..!. Thu, th• tle.t penuted 1a t•ll-1ftl Ute or1gini!l. plM 

withGU.tt lm.•ledge of •nu.1 aovemn\e~ and ttwy etemoed ott te 

certain deatm•tlcn. 

The .-r1un tuk force bad~ departed tram HM1IL!I en 

K&T 30,. a day af.ter t.lw CGG.b~ Pl.est had left t.he s~ Inlaol Sea~ 

and 1lu uit1nc; at a. pcdnt 200 naut.1.oal W.l•• north et UI°"AY te 

carry CGt a tlarJc aurpr1c• &tt.a.ck a..g&inst ear ta•k force wbich d8 

modng W.ard nr;w>.Y. 

our tatk force. w1t.hw.t. knGllledge or t!da dtuat1on. c&.-. to 

a pre-arrar.gGd pet1nt on Ju.no .). 1tlD \iae u.e witert.u.nate beC&\lff 

a den.n teg envelapsd the f:?.eat... Final.JS-,, in d~rat.ion, they 

Tialated. tho t-e.n on radio cowrunic&tian and ill•umd an ordG?' C!>t 

change o! di:..oUon by ahoru range radie oomtm1cat.1on. 

The me-n"i-9 wu hBAJ"d by the main t"leet.. w.~ch was 500 to 600 

nautical aUa au.y; t.h.eretore. it. •a.a obvieu11 that tho :uerican 

t.uk torce • wh1.eh was clo•n· • int.ercept.od tbo •aaage. By t?&eir 

aee or a dis•etiOD finder tbl locat.1an 0: oar t.aak tore• wu cxycead. 

Ju.at u ene «q>ec\ed t.he ~ tlYiruz patrol nboat•" made cent.act 

with *1r tuJc !orce at. dnn ~ thi 5th. 

17 
111111111111 

°" •• 6\71.1 e REF ID:A65640 

T..U.U, and 1tratea1,a.all.7 a 1t1rpr1ee a\kolc waa ne lonr:;er 

,p99.d.b1-. Wbln tM atkckJ.n& !.roe rNdled the MIDWAY obj9c:ti~ 

\ti.re u.. a9' a •1.n&la plane cat the grwnd. TM attack h.ad c=-

p lne~ f&llff. ~ u eGr planee lett, fff their obJeot1~ thll 

._,.. plaon ..... t• attack. CU.r trul;f ett1e1ent alX1 highly trained. f1.P\91'1 .-. 6-D. the_..,. pl&nu l1H laawa ett a t!'$e. 

l•oNr,, u tad.a ett-pa.rd awnt., th9 ~din bmben tram the 

\uk t_.. blmbM ~ tbne u:rrien, lAOl. 1 AIAGl lied SCRIU, which 

..,.. -..i.,.a in n.c1n& ti.- 1a an ins\.ant.. Tt. HlRitJ whiab 

tw&b.' ollmt\q and rlelea\q and knwad. ..it th• ?CiUC'fO!m ft.I 

als• .m: '7 ~ eJJINV att.acU. 

Thu Ute ..-u..r_.., ~l:r \n.lMd JapaMH t&ek t•roe at 

w1\il ..U.Uta Sa a "'1· 87 tJl1a M\tl.9 the st.atu.a et &tt&eker 

....... ma u. h ... ~ the Japazw1• Ma"f7 te u,. ,..rS,oan. cur 

arzwcat .. lAiffS tirst. lest. 1a 'he battle Id c 1mfe&t1W111 and 

Ulen 1-' \be 1IU' .._i.teq. 

oa 17 "P' U a teller- ur1wcl at Ute S•l••• Aru u.s. 

Ur r.re. ~. lec&tecl Dea!' ffeaMrMn Fald ta aJA.DAlGUAL. 

I\ ref*"l• isl ff\ail U. aehed.ale et a tnnt-llne 1napeat1on to 

k _. lPJ Plae\ A.6ll1ral YAlWIO?O, c.....m.r-1n-4h1.et et the 

~-.. o•!aiN ~l..Mt, and an •rder t't-ea tJw S.Ci-.t&ry a! the 

hT7 k -~ Id.a pl.ad. 

~ 

Ea U. t•U-1n.c dq~ Uw l.8Ui. the w.at..h9r waa ol•ar and &:oeci· y~ta Pan7 tlw tr-a ~l Air Pi•ld •at&- two 

•••·· a'\\aek b ._.. w1 th a ah tl&htar plane noert.. The7 tn.'19l.W ~&lee U. weat 11.de f>t DOOCJ.AnVIIll X..lanc1 and headed fffr 

*PAI.US ilr ....... 

Tlle7 wtn -41enl.r at.\eelc94 ~7 16 P-JS,9 that had bffn wa.1\1.n,g 

fff U.., Ud idlLt.nl. IlJUKOTO'• plazw .. •Mt 4om int• the 

JMca. !*- M&Nh pu\7 late' f-.nd tbl lat1d7 .t A.dll1r&l !A!UllCTO• 

-. Ui4l ~ "'14 Wlun9e .... rand pepcl&.r1\7 aaKJ& t.n. whole 

IP7, si\Uq w1\la liah CZTSJUJI nerd. 1n h1a ham1a u 1t he wer. 

n!U a.lift. 

Pri_. te Ul1.- 1M14mt, ner •ln• the •Dlll7 began t.he.1.r 

e.aWrelr..ift .._s..i OOAl.lALCAIAL 1n Attguat. 1942, «i.r Ra17 had 

lM9'1 ~r-awl.7 etnlulh.c te'I' ha.lt a J"U.1"1 Md \be au aramd 

OOA.D.U.CAIAI. U4 t.11•1 a ~,._,.&rd !•it ar nanl "fff.M1-. 

In U. 99& H\tl.e ett SAVO Ialmd. cm ll O&tober tbe FUmrl'AXA 

.-

........._~ 

nnmu ft.ft 

tm.t \be 

"'*· mt, TM 

tliliHmA, 

tultl ... XDIJCMA, mnt al ~._ and .2SU1 

tbre• 

u 

9\ber 

~ 

... t.n1"'9 an a.k • u- l.2t.A t.nd 13\h Qf •ane.r du.r1ni the 

ULi.M h'•ns ... ut\le. Apin, en 3-0 R.,,etat>er, the !AF.AO WU 

..u 

~ 

&\ Ou:aleea•l wben.p. BM.1da'8 tM.- ab199,, enera.l 

.,8R&Jd 1ll u.Ma-rat.er tmpe-rt.ation wen IWlk at the 

anaulanal ~. 

"(1'1 *'?ftl:wllt.ratien et th• •1'1&1n&l in lABA.) 

l8 
n• •· ~718 e REF ID:A65640 

51Me u- belSm'n& er \he war. ea- arf7 bd cpnt-4 a 

1pHSal eplftU• Mit. 111"1 tbl ~ at ftOSWwJas ....., eoclil 

bMb h9 \be ..nir.a ahlJe. and bat& ~ tbe 1!llleS C1I WA!a 

ud RZroI.S!, 11bl•b •19 l1Sq en \b8 .. "''-'° .Un d9lp aal ~ ar.arsw W\k 1D tM 4'1p1111• bml •ten ..a •ap1 ... 

a.re~. ~ 1!1 • ••~• ar diw.n eea.ld Ritt mlJ t1 w aim.t.e. at. 60 

.-Mn ~. ant with \heir laterlv U'lf!a& '9ehntqae • NQUir1Dg 

an hCJ>.;t~,. atb mbMrgiz:g cad mrfad=c~ w d14 mt n~ la 

obtili1n.; &Q1t.b1ac 'ft.la.able. 1\ \.tan u.. th• Aaer1.cana C«l1' 

operate tor «.e air o:id.er aia11.i.:..r:' csxlit.s..na. 

Thi Japaneee '1'8 ... la sunk in tM Q.&1T9I eea ana n?"e r\R 

overlooked b7 tM c.s. ?fa"."1 •aiah •u datr-4 with aperier di'riac 

teehn1cl•n•· 

In th• caee et and twcea. 1liwa a t!i.tiMl sito.&t.iec art.91 

all the t=d8 boeka an gaaall.7 -.tl'W.19d. altbGuab dlae \em.-

handlln& b7 pel"l9Ba 1n charge 1.epert.an\ bo9ka .-tl&tes tall lnt.e 

ene!:I¥ hand. Io thee• ~ oar na:ry waa u1ng a twe Tel.um cede 

syatea tar at.rat.eiP.cal aaawuniat.Um, and U the arl..&lnal b~ 

were recne.nd b7 th• •n:M,11 1t waa ~that. oar code c911ld 

bo decoded by tb9 entl!Q" cm• expsl't.s ne matter hOll l&lch th• cede 

method •u Ch~ed. 

ene ep1nim h.u it \Mt both ArlV am Nanl wi1t. 1n tbe t~ 

li.a.u wen udng a poer battle at.rat.gr c:adll. t'l.s the ordeio te 

at.t.a.ek .tdla1ral Y~OTO's plm• wu ~smd by t.he :leoret.a!'f .r thlt 

~avy prier to hi.a inapecticn ~r~ the wiN report.ing the acilot'hs.1-

of Bie expected \ou.r of the trcint.-ll.ne mdt.• wu read !er cert.a.in 

by t.he ~aval Secftt Chaaber 1n WA.SfW(O'fOM, D.C. It !a P"•uaied1 

JWl.~ f'l"ft. th• a1tu.e.t.hln ~ than dq-.1 that CG:" naTal cgdq hall 

all'Uadj ~OIJll inte the t1end.e ct the tt.8. ~av .in t.be Eml8r .n.tJ.erW4 

abew, or that wr wr.r pooi- code e,ywtem l189d at the trent had bHO 

d•~dd. 

1 !d'ter th!.= ~u oar U.ct.1..~l •P9n.t1ans were ~eeUTreet 

bJ' t.he ~· It.. ua Uka pl.ving poker when Qppoe.1t1m mass e.:il 

abQGt CUI" hf.ads. .~t. Ga1da,c<'nal baae6 an elabonte 'ri.ctory 

cel.obPA'U.m part,y ua held fer the tightw unit thAt succ.saf\14!' 

ehot dGlllm ,\dail'al !Ai.llJ:.!OTO' s plane. !1089'1"8r, it 1.s aa1.d t.hat · t.tJ.s 

eelebrat.1.en wz:.a ~~t et.rlatq secret. u t...'le7 !u..""'911 that JAPA.li 

:dgllt detect Ji.Ott ~e 1ni'ar=a.t1an,. whic!l was re8pona1.ble tor thi.8 

gnat SW.CeG!!9~ 1tU ootw.cd. 

t.£:te"Ct.ivenau ct t..h& Nav&l 3ecrot 

C ha.gbo r Dur1ng the ?JU 

5inc:e l Ap? 4l, eii~bt gcnt.bs prior te the ootbl"llak ct t..._ &:1 

the U. s. i:'~ ha.d placed All rad1o C9R'Pln1eationa on a war--U.• 

basis. They ci1.aeont.iil.u8d the Sh.ple Cipher ua1agwa which h.&d 

been 1n uae t.ill than~ as 11ell ae o~.nr:r lM.g\iage COS'JUnieat.i~.e 1 

and ne17tntng was put into t.he 3tr1p Cipher. t~r t.bat. t.he 

d.eclp!iering e! c&Ce act1all1 becam1 1.cpeuibl• although it.s Com Ra 

kn91tD. 

lS 
~ .. r .'~ .., 

~ - .. · 

.. 

REF ID:A65640 

W! ft!!'91~ ~ .~ ~ U. S\~p Ci;Mr :?lw WW u.s. ·' au..~ WAD;· wfd.da - nitk. in SfwrmAJ at \be tMtg!mlng ot the 

wz, and .... .._ temd m WAD I•laal -4 Ccatmmat. 

_ H_,,,,r# ~ ~ \he te~ 11U MnNd "1th _be&'"f7 eil 

... ~ ~\~1t"r ~· wit,hmt coda rui.. • .re able te nld •1*111 ~~ -~ .t.lJIH •1t.h -~ ~\ ~ ~. alt.holl&h an..r the eaao 

chanlN U9it a•• lt. ••••• imp••iltle tor aa te r-4 theme 

u w1n ••aa• tlode4 te tMtcw l.c& dail t.o th• nature .t 

tb91Jt ~---, \b9 o.s. Jf&V aaed \bl.e ~ 1D CDllblaat.lai 111~ 

naftl. ~~. ll•rw••~~ u tb• ~ altu\im tlU'ned ag,:1~ 

ua,., mr l•i Secnt Cbaber lNt bepe et d9oad1l1& !apcl"t&nt «Wla3 

C..CSaa um at'9p\s t-9~1:M Gede b°*8 f.J'a nnlma •hip• .. re W18lt8"9a~l and 9\he!" such mmur et abt&1n1ng m.9111 Gede• wera 

0t.1t ett. 'tberW&fter,. CIW" artol'k nro t.umttd t.mar11 Jud&ln& the 

nnmber et Ullft•!•1ena and b7 lcacaUng \b9 pes1t1.ons et n.die t~tt~ atatlme. In tbo8e da7a, the u.s. wu u•1ng a eade 

callc· ~ (BNl.dcut fttr A:llled Merchant Sh.1p9 Card) toie1 udaUGOe p1rtah1lng to tnnaportat1cn. Th18 oode wu called 

ti.be SLllUple Table 'l)pe V&l'S.O}-• went Cede (V.ff!O mma lt.~NJI A.~30) 

and we H?9 able k deeod• it. witrhaut. mob dUtiaalt.f. 

P'lattle:more,. \he •imple abbrerl&U'GIW ua-1 tor oomnn.leatioo 

l>y t.ba u.s. au'bmr1.nea tor r,ape..-t1n1; their pa1t.1an t.hl"ff times 

& d.&7 (0600, 1200, and 1800)' Wero kncwa t.e "'11' ~ ... .,,.. 

Aa a nsult •t .t.ud3ing the •taUat1ca on the enNl7 cCK!IL'Wlle&it.lona wh.10h appear.t pl"Ur to thn ciem.1'• suaou.U:n C>tfena1"• 

•1nce th• b&t,t.l• ot aJADA.J.CA..'tAL, •• oame to a at.age wh.ere n eould _ .. ~\--~ U. •n11111'• ne1t move correetl7. 

Jfa!"lh&lls Open.ti~ 

AcHf'41n& \o 1mutig&t1ona C9ftdllct.td ~ the Qloda signal unit• 

the a.,...nt •l AM1"1un air imit• trca tho UlfITKD STJ\TK'> rac1flc 

ceut te trA•.lII url-.d·lY'.r !ncreaaod. 1n t.he latter part or JUl.7 191.3. 

A \ot.al of SO e 60 units n-rc U'f'ed in tt-J.a operation. 1n ~b9 

earl.7 part, .,i Januat')' 1944 t.hll sue air UAlte Hre mowd to.a.I'll 

SUVA and CA.UTCM I1laNl1 and. 1n the latter put, ot t.hia aanth tbeJ' 

CeM91loed Mn h'ell CAltt<lt Ialand ~ TAP.A.WA 1n t.be Gll.niRT 

I•landa. 'lh9re wu aiica ~ e.as a~W't ~ tn.naport plinee 

aocm.pllO'in& this sweeping •h1!t, ond i.t. the: .-... t.1M mmsl"OU8 

tranapert, .,....la ~ pt.h•rin& 1n tJw Tic1n1t~ of the 

HAWAI!Al' Ia1L"ld.a. Thie in!t.UWt.t.1m WU abt&1ned t'raa 119.WS". 

In the earl,y pa.rt. et Janua.ry9 t.'\e ecrzm.m1cat1on bet•cm sti1!)11 in 

acd. a.round the i-U·.lfA.IIA?; I•l&.ndal bee.- c;utte 1ntena" .t and arouncl the 

20th .r the aanth, th• nw.iMr or aubllar1.n99 crwAtl7 1nerea.s9d 1r. 

tbo v1c1n1t7 o! the MAE\SBJ.LL lalatda uM1 bet•c HAWAII &nd the 

~tIA.LL~. Alee, &NUnd 15 Jamar;y nn an1t call a1gnala of flwt 

diapw1t.1on, prasu.mbly orpnilPd twr a new gperat.1006 appeared in 

appro.xili&t.el7 SC ea&111Un1eat1ona. 

20 

.. 
.-

... 

.. 

REF ID:A65640 

Tb9 Cuda ~ on1t. pncilct.Gd nth cont14.enco that tho ez~ 

lfOQld c-.noe operaUom aga1mt tb9 liARSHAll. Ialanda in the 1.:&tt&r 

;azi. et Jarwa17 er tbo earq pUt. o.t '9bJ1aa17. In a clear r.9an.gs 

1nte1"89pted. uum4 24 or 2S Jmuary1 it. WU a:e8Z'ned that th.~ Cst-.eral 

•.tticen ti. tlm CA!iroK IalanS te !!RAJrA. Thia wsa usu.."lOd to b9 

Sn prwpal'&Uaa for laMlng 9Pr&t.1sm• aDLt aa ~. the tl.amm 

et the J.inula opnt.1m waa isnlt.ed m 30 Md .31 Jan 44 by mau 

air att.am oni- tbB •nt1re IU.~U!.L Ial.mds ana. 

Aa eua be eMn 1n thia inat.anoe, 1r.d1cat1ana ~ impend!r.g ..... opera.\lma beoam evidmt In the ~ lncTRn 1n .:a~ 

aD1 ODW\J'ra\S.an .r tnnapo" ah1P8• plaMs. and air unit.•. ~ 

na tell•eil b;r \be .incra ... 1n oMrnnteau .. bet.•en Gil 1h1pa 

and U. emtMn\.J"aUm et mbmariMa mu t.hs t.argat arGA ee"leral 

...aw_.. th• c=r ld&WJlt ot eperat1ona. A*, special call. 

a1pal9 et 1J9UP di.lpo91t.1ems erp."licacl tern• ~perationa ap~ 

in lA\enlpW ~ c •ntcauaw. Put atatJ.at.ica O: radlo 

••ucu W p?'Oftd thG 45191.opm.ab wlb u th ... wen al.1Rl)'9 

fell--4 b7 e:.r, •rat!OM within tn woe!m. 

A~ tbe pRdlo\lm et t.M Na~• ncnt chetber ro~ 

ta.I IWtSHAU. ClpH'&tJ.en prned csorrwct, t.be7 co.ild takD nc counte!'- ~· 12w .-!o9d fleet bad ~ tlw stnngt.ti et tier tut 

teJ1CM, 1lfl1G - t• balk et her nraQ&tJ'I, and Ute .u wiJ.te baaed 

m tbe-MABSHAlL Ialanda darin& the ,.a aZl1 a halt SolCIDClle 

e•apt.lp.. nm t.ht c.b1M4 fl.Mt ... unable to engase 1n a deci-

•l w - b&\\la• bat aa tQJ'ad to etand SdJ.7 b7. 

TtJI S.lvms Renhall1 outer deten. ~r bad bMn p1Me9d 

and ev t_.... wen tranticall.7 engaa-11n lrt.nngthenlng ttw •· 

t .... aftW b&'dq WS.thdrun t,o the JWi.mu-11..t C&l'Ollna-

...t\~ I• "''?•• perSmter wb1ch w •t&bllahed &a a ntight ~ tb• tin!ab• s-tt.S.tc. The tuk f'71'Cll aaceleftted 1ta tra1.nln& 

eehedlll• 18 oldllr t. ...i th• 4Adllm which had bean •st at. th• end. 

ot Apl'14. 

a ..... r ... tbe et"i9Q'• allltar.r ~t inoreued in etrengtb 

neb d.,-1 car tanu wff•nd t.wice u at&rQ' loan a.a production 

Ol!llld nplue• _,. fi&btlna P~. wea.ke1Wd N.Ch d07 Md our ~-.le 

~Mk 1-11' and 1-r. 

ID lla,J iw.t.. •1anal in~\lligenae reported that, a group ot t.~pairt. wuele and air toroe unl.t.,.. bogimJ.na t.o canwzoe oi:en 

\M IWt!HAU. Ia~. Tba Caab.lned P'1"t. HMd.quartAra omcluc.1ed 

tbd t.be ...., - ttudlld ter tJJe watem pan ot the CAJWU>nt 

Ialaal.a am ucenll..-iaq, aGQ&tii to take adftntaae ot tho s1taat!-on 

b7 ~t\Sac tblt eoUN atnngth ot tba fleet cembat, and ordered 

\bl asaum et Opft'&U-an "A". A• the a:Qnth ot Hq neaNd. its end, 

tb• t~ ot e-.q mbar!ne ~ ott tho eut cout &f 

the PflILIPPDCE I•lar:id9 and \ba UAR.IAltAS 1nol'Ull9d ao rapidq thAt 

tM 1n\e~ attiee S..IUCI a wam1ng te the ettoct th6t the n9&t 

eper&Umal 11>.,..Uw .. tbll •ARIAJ'fA.,, but th• Camblned Paet 

pent..W on U.U "•atom Caro&•" beU..t and l"fltsad tG gift 1..-,. 

' 

~• 
-- REF ID:A65640 • 

Duin& tbe aS.441- part. at May, Hr '?Mt 1e:. le. 1 8Mfttq proceeded te TAJfl'fUI 1n U. JOl.O 1-1.aaU, .. t.IRN9\ .t ~AO. 

ea 

cM.tverge4 

re&J.on, 

t.be pN...,U• 

bllt. 

~ 

ma.~ 

t.bec 

\a 

that, 

their 

1n no 

thl7 

9Ul"priH

t.1-

Cftl4 

and 

1 

DA 

eur 

a wl»le 

be 

4dftOD9 

4etActecl 

horda 

pat:rel 

et 

1n 

ealllJ' 

th1a 

fl.G\.1.llu 

~ 

~ 

••?'!. au_!ll( in rapid •u<:ca•lOA. 

?.aiJ':~ in the nmin& et Z11'a1'1 \be 9M1V •t.taaked DlAX Ial!IDt 

in ~est.m Im QUIDA and dlftl"ted & pazot o: oa.r tlM\ t.e t.hia 

aru.. fhL'\ 1 an Jane ll, tb97 attukwd \he MAilIANAS in ~ t.ras. 

Cambinec1 

•1.21, "~ .Ull 

P'leet 

Wl&ble 

H~"-en, 

to di~ 

•~oh 

the 

claog 

enaJ'• ,. real 

\bis pan 

pl&na 

or 

Md 

~ 

1'WllWJlld 

uod•c1.ded. lf".mn tbe ~ began ...epJ.n.g t.be Salpan MCMft&9 wi 

the lJt.h, 1ti fiaally •rdared tbe taak t~ te t.he at.tack. 

1'b1o \~ 40la.7' wu tat.al. lb&tt t.he talk toroe appeared. 

en the !'ielci er batt.le Gin t.be 19th, the l:arianu ... ,.. Bu• U.r 

Poree had &~ Gffr1 detea~ed and was unable t. C&ft7 oui 4'V'Rl 

a.d.squate ~.,ea. In a l"BCCM&i..Manso 1n tho oa.rl.7 hc•u,. 

o! the 19th, th.• wt force diacOYered ~ne em::7 taak £ore••, 

built around a tat.al ot ll o1~t. C&J'den, a1 tl'.e ooe&n Md 

ot GUAY. rnn be~ t.""...e ens.a;'• ra.'l@9 or attack, ~• tt.ak fGl"08 

t.ock the Wtiat.J.119 and l!.unched ~ ... a1r att&ek. It alao p'l.a.nnlll 

to at.tack, botrtl Gming an3 goina, by ~ilisia.g the hue on Gl.IAY,. 

but it.a planu ·.aera 1nt.ercept.od by th~ OJWIO' • t.ight antia.ircrat\ 

pMt.sct.1ve SCZ'99ll aDi WU'e u."la.ble to acbi•ve Afl1 result.a. 

our pla:wa, which Atteapted to land en the bue m. ':lL'.l~ 

t.o :.-en~ their att.aee1 11ere attaektld a..'Jd alAoet. all destreyff. by 

tho .e~'a f igllte?"S "h0 were lJi.."lS 1n we.1.t !e'I"' th•. 

\ 

~. Cn the atheF hli:ld 1 the two ~ge &1.rcnft e&!Tiera, t..l-}8 t•.r.;; .• 

onti ;the ~H:-?.:.-~m 0 1Hil'9 sent to tJ19 'b9ttm in •aithem waters by 

enet<V .r.ib!:iar"~, which had d.:ployed 3rd w.aited in thn poa.i.t.ioo a& 

Olli" roa1ri !Ol'Cet ar& OU:" fleet WU £oroed t.e wit.lad.nur ha::. the t1At!4 

ot tmttle. ~n t....a.ie 20th, the HIC also 11aa sunk 1c • pursuit b)' t.;ie 

e.ne.iity t.uk fe.--C-9 • CUr !f!IR Z"'S&ini:lg pJ-~'lU "91'8 loat. in thi• «!8 

battil•: and Cp&r~t1i.m "A" •nded 1n tragic failure. 

L11 tJt..1.s battle# whir;h fru.stratec:. our o;>llr~U.on at eTOrf \l!r.:i, 

the:..., ie strcmg reason to belie-:e th.~t our pl.vl o! ~l"at.1.m wu 

clear t.c the o:r.-eJ:\)" ~!oreh&!ld. 

; Art.er G'Jf J>!J..C~{.;L, w~ 1el=13 began telling ane &tt•: t.he 

other, tho.re wae no l"OGlll tor doubt that our c.te boek haa been :se1.Hd 

b7 the enerey. 1~.ec<;)l'ding te 1'9porte, atter tJw war anded~ an o!fieer 

with an .'IS'L8r...c.m 1.~v•~ticn grco,p told &11 officer or the InteJ.lige:~ ottlca that a fi]~, .-1llng cz8d8 bosk,, which GKr 

ear?'Uc.n ha.C nQt Md t.1IJl!s t.e bum 2£"ld Md t.hnml into a toilet, bf.If QI'& iln1r~,, had bean piclmd ~ at. :·.:.::·~X'-~A !a.land & ,ear bet'ors 

t'pars.ticn "·'':. 

L"'I ~dsrine tl"J.s, ~ ! prejndicad in thillk1ng th.at ®.r 

!allure in t.he war or ei.gn.nl ecrm.u.!\ie&t.ior.w lq' at. thtt bcrt.t.a of 

this teJ.~~ too·~ Cur naval o.ir st.rength, which l'l&d been t.rA1.:iC:1.lu 

l.y destroyed 1n th1e t;at.tle 1 wna an.able to rise aga1n '!l!ltil t.":.• 

war• a end, and cur fleot had al~ lat th• &.b1llty to en,,..~ t?lt'I 

enel:\Y c~ly. The 'later M"lal bat.t!e oft tba niIU.~r-I;:33 and t

1

• 

Okinawa r'4~a! and a.U- bat.t.lea •ere hopele•• au.1.c14e cperat.iQ[" .. , 

aod 11e TJellt MV~X' !Wle to per.tom ths mi..""&Ql.9 ol d.oing the•o 

Herculean t.a.l!it$. 

. . 

.. 
REF ID:A65640 • 

~ l AJll' 451 •h• the •1-- oaasnud ti. adn•a Operati.an 1 

the writer# who Wu Uaa oJaat-et ... t.att or tbe St.b Air Plfft.1 ~, .. 

peeed or t.he tic..r er oar 1&v Air Pea, -. •sroe•ld. in a , .. pent. at~ en a larp, •al'JliAg te"8 a,gdna\ •wen1twla1ng 

edda• ~ t.lau ~oapera.te fJO..dq ~\tllt• I not1eod ·that wi. .. ~r 

Hr t-~ &~ \o CazTT oat a largw-aaala a1r att.a.ck, tr. 

-....r n~ bU -.hi,. w \be HUtb~ pa\ up a pr9tnt1n Hr'Mt 

et t1&ht.en,. 'lad sh.wN 1nd.1uUma ot pnparlng ter our attack. 

'l'•n, b7 wq or uperiMat, wn.n I bp&. *1e not.1on at tS.gflten 

aU.l" •~~land, u~ t.tlm a• l\a$un plama to dllllTer 

•rdH'I 1a Vi\iz:te• 9p9D84 up an 'EttbJ:k 111t.hwt. u..lng the radie 

at all, th• e1.1s1ui.n att&ek auru:Hd.ed. 

Enllslng th&\ wr- cede bad been bro1"..-. l nmed Imperial J 

Gtnenl ffeUli~n t1- and again but. to no aT&il. They ins19teil 

th.a\ the Gilde WU I.CU.. 

~T!zlg n.e eecnte ertdlriee, I cou.ld mq ccintinue tighting 

•1t.b abd:ri.ng. H••wer, when I resd Mr !~L"!lon BAI.mIN•s account 

ot th• ba.ttl.e., 1n the WD!R•a DIC!Sf ~1' An!"A-8t of lut 19ar1 

I realS Md that I .t-..acl bee.."1 ng.>it. 5ure encxigh1 oar cede had been 

brolml. 

(c:r. 17 April,, /4dairal Sl'fll.C-:CE, Cc:.our.del' of the Fitth Fhet 

reported te Adl11ral !HlilTZ., the o~M" 1n chiof ot t..he PscUie 

Fleet~ "Tha akill and ettect.iwne•• of emfq suicide air attack:J 

and the rate of loa• and duap t.o 8h1pe are 1uch t.t'.61.t all 

available -..iw •hould be emp1-yed t.. p"vent turt.her atta1:ks. 

P.ae-..ml at.tacks with all available planee ~ f~hu and Fom.oa.i 

Air tie~." 

(t'he at tack.a aro .rw1•; the Japsnqe fle 1cla are pganded 1"9 lsnt1811 ly bi b111tb1 aod rockota. Dut the r.AJ.JI1,.~z;;s arw well diap!reEd 

and c-.eutlagad; the auieid• ra14a esntl.nne. The dama.gad ships 

cleg the anohorage &t KERhl:A run'?~ there 18 a trail or l.i&i.p1ng 

cripple• all th9 •av acroea tho PA!!lFIC. P.at repl.&cKaOnta of 

tl.e11.h and 11teo.l ~ etead1ly wc1t•a..~. 

(Cone nn a.re the hepae of a quick victory. The Llnitrcd st.at.a 

tercea aet~le dgwn tor a ltrtg t.ri&l b7 blood and tire. For mo?"e 

than 40 oanaer:uthe daya--unt11 toul wsather bringa a brief treo.kt.h•nt are a1ri ra1d.s ewey night md rn>1'7 d.a7. ~neep becceeu a 

t.hina d.reamcu! m.ar..i.t.. Heads droop over gun aight1; tempers snap; 

•kippers are red-e,..d and h&.;1S&zd• "Yag.ic,n the Nav.r•s sy3~ct 

b,.aldng the e.mrq• • cod.es, ha.a enabl.«2 ~he tleft. t• t'or9cast"..the 

4qa ef b1g a\.ta~a. l.fJa.d8peaker1 •m.et.1..riea wart\ the ems the 

night b•tore to be prepared. But th11 h&s to ?:re atopped. Thlt 

•tra1n ot 11UU.-ig, the antieipated t.arNr.t ru.d.• vivid f'!oorn ~ a.-. 

perienee. aende m9.0¥ men 1nte h,yateria, 1nlsnit3. 1 

1'h1a Me paaaage ill clear evidence that our Navy was t~1ng 

dete~ted in ths bat.t.la ol rad1e wans. O\l:r ca.rda "ere bsd• 

&n4 th• •nu.r could nad our hand. ~10 wonder ,..., could net 111n 1n 

tbi.8 polatr p.:ie. 

TM Naval Intelligence ottl.ce alwa.,ya gave accurate advance W&r!;e 

1nlo o! t.he •.at~ I! next operaticn &tQlt ~ d.aya 1n adT&nc:e, but 

car tleet1 11h!.oh h&d alraa4T loet. 1.te balanced strength, 11&1 unable 

t.o take Advantage or thi• inf omatian. "tapeci&l ly in ihe Ok1na"a 
./ . ·~· 

~/-

,~ - Doo lfO ,.711 • 

REF ID:A65640 

r 

1tatti., our tleet. h&~ ullai;i1t«I its snti."'8 ct.re~i and ita tn 

n•1o\nc planea and eh1pe .ere unable ewn t.o f'\mcUon prcpe:-1.;r 

beca"8e et the-~ et fuel. Ewn i.-,,, ciasi.on or the 5ee?"at 

Cba.abe:r 1Ap1ed lnt.o a aere game OZ torecaat.!.n6. 

?oataerl;:t 

Co lS .AUgu.at.1 am1d.et contu.ion thrcast1out, the natic:n, t.ha 

·-,:: Iaper1al ed1ot adJn.g t.hc er waa iaau.lld• and the ?iaval $cteret 

Cbaaber clond it• t.J"oubled, ••1.ght.7, ov•r 3l year old hist..oey. 

1'b1a at.o17 1a a t.b1ng ct t.b'I ~t.. Rcweft.r, t.h• bntt.le or t?m 

1.arulbl.8 n41o waw1 S.. etill bei.QC a.1rriec en •ith 11\teneity, 

cancaahd &t. t1aa under t.ha c:l~ of ;.:-eace; aoaiet.uea be!U.r.d tt~ 

... nanu of a cold HJ'J and acnet.1'1u Sn a ahoot1ng war. It.e outcome -.1.ll baW an iapol"tant atlect. en t.M dostJ..-U.es ot nations. 

In oZ"da te win th1a battle, the neaeaeA:J'1 int.llect.ual fa.-

o111t1• mat be raob111ud, a perfect. sywttD to COllbino these 

tuillti• .mt. be organized wit.h careful tor..si.&ht.. aru1 thl.a 

•JSt.. au.a\ 1M eperated meet ec1.9nUf1.Gall:r. Sect.iomlia a...'id 

iaJa\.ieoee tor qaick natllt.e must be avuided. 

•• m9' e&J'.tul17 ua.-dne and n.tleat. m th• reeortl ot cex> Uma~u• det•ta that. OIJI' tr...a-.y eutt~red traa the Kaahlngtan Conte1'"l•, t.e amJlfAY, CperaUcn "A", and thl <Y.dnawa Operation. 

e1 ~S&g t» 1znll1bls ur, oar Nav alao :iaet the actual WU'. 

Tise hu pue1d A1Jd th• altuat1on has changed. Cn 6 Sep 4S• 

ao tl!e bat.t.leab.ip tassamI, GeDer&l M&G.UmlJR ottered a p1"&78f"t 11 0Hr loid, p1Na9 let. t.hla bl a peftm.~:nt. pcsaco. n SVen t..~e 

thought. th&\ thia tenent. pra,er had reae!led Goll-41.ut-ect bu~ A brief 

wnt. Mm \he world, 1n the taGll of nanmrntot agsre.aaion, ta 

t.rNblla& witb tear OYer the t!lreat ot !'. third world war. ~"orld 

War m, inde«i, will be a profound •u ~ L1eolag1ea. It will 

not be a war that. can be nt.t.led •1th haJ.1'""98.7 .uuures. Thia war 

will taJaa the t1P1"1 tom ol WlN1tncted .artare it it tollcwa 

the el.au Unea ot ClAUS'lJtlTl's war phi1oao~. To o.n ene,.,- sh.o 

~ manMna In~ oar count.17 can')'ing rad flags and crj1.ri~ 

"Ub•rat.1oal t1benUan! ", prote•t.a that we are neutral a.r.d that. 

•• ba1'9 NDOallcaed av will be preaching to dNt eans. '?he fat• ct 

QQI' tat.herl&lld c!epmlda en Joint partaenhip with th9 cl•ocrat.ie . uq> WldlP the UltIT'5D HA'?IOJS. 

Th1a lnnaible battle or the Ndlo nw•, •h.ich I ho.-ve "1ucrll:-Bd 

here, Gld t!2e acti,.ltJ.e• of- epi•• •~ 1n ti:ll Pins even now hehlnd 

the scama t.hJ'cudtcUt t.he world. 

t't'm ll'ta tq Umit.ed experience 'ld.t..~ t.he !\aval ~;ecret Chubor 

I JmOll t.bat. the i"..saaian co4e 1e •"O?Y bare to bl"9a!c. Their S!>"St.8 

<Jt nd.1G tranamt-e.alon ia h!.Q1ly dneloped, ~ I oYen had trou~la 

in 1nter9,tlns th•1r radio i:::esaag••· Th•ir otf1cere in charge of 

coda-boob an alao Yery atrlct, and I 1IU unable io obtsin any 

"sul\ ewn \ho-.:ieh I utiliud epvcia.l.ly ~ project eoctiOl.'l.I. 

Of: tb• othar hand, it la Al• to Nga.rd t~-..o t&et. aa proof t.t:at. 

24 
'\, . - J 

REF ID:A65640 

ta. hlll&a 1d.~ SJlf'- 1• opan\.\ni w17 ,..1t1.,.i, ard 

ett1cl:i9H.i,. hwt \ae ia\elliaanc• orp..'liaaUon o! ou.r Na...,-, wh.tch 

iJl re~ was tull o! tault.. in bet.k •pn.is&tlMl and opera.t1CHl, -.. aitl.9 w ~ the ruult. ~bed n.re. TM.. ti.., a _.... ....._. ~\ la •\eht'Q1ly 1'&1t.1.ng !or an opening. 

&lwuel e.&nJ 

U tM.1- npw' u aootpW u a -.ming t.o th• powen onr 

JJ..P'l.I w M eanh.l, thie wr1\er w11l be verr h&f?Y.