i-

·. 

, ......... 

- •• -=... 

'·. ------------.... ~~----....... 

.... -· .. 

... 

.... 

·. 

' L 

REF . ID :..A633_6.6:i . ., . _ .... ....,,.. .. :•- .· 

__ .. , 

"'l\:J.sl"'.i".:!!:', -... . . ~ ,. ........ ... 

:;_..;,_ ... _ .... ,,. .... _ _. ...... _ ., 

, . " ...... --,. !\"".-...,. P., .. .,,, 

..,. 

v ~. . ~ ..... -' 

-·••w:y:;---·--~"•"'--~-·.,_- -":-~--:!:--=-- _ __: .. :._· _. ____ ..... ____ I ~- ........__ 

.. .. 

-------'---~-=-: .. :s...r......,_~_-:..:.;:.·---·-i!~"':. ..... ,. _______ :._ _ __! _____ .,, ______ _ 

.. _ • - t 

. ,, • . 

.• ·, 

.. __ ... 111J.' .... 

.. - ·t., .......... 

,. ... 

.. _ ... 

,, 

·::-

.. 

. t . ;. 

.. .... - . 

~,. . 

;,, 

·. 

,, c &¥ 

·..,,_ ..... 

:-:.·. J' 

•·· 

. -------t\pproved for Release by NSA on 11-21-2013 pursuant to E .0. 1352fl~ .. ..... -· ~-~-- .- ':.. ~ ...... .I' 

",. 

.... 
REF ID:A63366 

Wbe Guera.l 'l'vill1Dg im"ite4 • to .wr .. a the •Wt ud student• ot tbe 

Senior School ot the Mari.Qe COZ"pe on the •ubJect "Cmmun!eat1ona Intelligence 

aDll Seot11'1ty" it vu with plasure rat v! attr that I acceltted the invitation 

~~ JO'l ·~ bacJrarouad mt•eWg I iD:f'onatiou about the ti•l.d to vbich 'ilMNe 

,b-u.t-~ ~~~ ~) P\"'i~~ ~ t-o -t~ btJ.cma, !Jtc•l¥ I the •CleQCe ~ CZ7P'tOlOQ" f - - teJ.l -You. aomething 

~~T~/C_- about how* dev.lopadJ aa4 \11tlQ\to 1.Adicate the •SJ'»l' in vhich it can. and 

f \ 

preeeutation ot the mnoer a:a4 inetrument&lit1ea 'Wbereb;J Camm:mieation Security, 

pru&tat10ll ot the buic pri.Qeipl.ee, pl"OCedUl"e&1 lll&Chi.Deey1 u4 argan1sat1on 

~ s~.,. t ti.,..)._ ~.t.. !~~<-\.(;() > 

vbereb7 Caw•ii1eat1ona .Intel.11gence, or, tar abort, C<»Ul'l'"'""ie obtained, haw-

... ~· ;. . . ilil.., ' ~-~~"""'·"·~-

it ~ ~ pr-operq ~used ur1 aateguarded 1 and ita A.utility ;1,a 1'M 

'M \ o..J ~!!{l-.J""~~A"'-~ ~°" \..,, 1,,,,,.. ~ 

eoD5.uct ot .moller:a. wn-are. 

/\ 

J'irat, then, tar hiat0l."1ca.l background. 

I opeue4 '1fl1' nmarka by referring to the science or Cl")"ptolasy as a vital 

aUitarJ' we&,paQ, but 1t bu not &l.VB18 beu regar..s.d u a veapoa., J.et al.one a 

' 

Yital weapon. I •here reminded at this point ot a •taey that I came acroee 

in u ol4 book on eryptoloa, a atory which 19 pro~ apocrypbal but vh1ch 

I give tar vbat it_, 1* worth. 
REF ID:A63366 

<14 

I't aeaa tbat abo\lt two tbouaan4 ~ tt&O there ~ a Pereiu. queen )-1t:1M-#. 

vtt.oe• n••~ Bemirud•) ._ who took an 1.a.tereat 10. ~· • Whether it 

~ n.~·~"J.··, vu 'becauae Of •t illtenat <r /\other Wlll&tural.AeW.l-i\a.&04Hla such u 

c\D'if»iV about what people call aecreta, the record doean•t •&71 but ~ 

it vu ~ tla\ •be •tan wrtillel.7 d•th· Presumably ebe nnt to Beaven, 

er pvbape to tlle otMr plaCe, but heyvg 

~~ lett inatruct1oa.1 ~ 

~ te .__ 4HJ1Gt;i:iloa 

~}a~ \&o~R. ........ a.-t~~¢r-~,·~-d..t .... ~~1~,,__ a-Mr ec'thl.1' r-aJmA trll s \Mtt~ u impoiina -.usole~f\ia-"4£a:A _. 

,-.------ ---- ~~,) ~- --~-- - -· ~· 

... ••:Fb4~~ ;en the outaide ot itt1f" .... ..._, OA it. t"ron't wall, 

{o ~ ~v.,,~~ :•. 

tbere wu/\carve4 a ....... ~ 

S'ta71 V911')" trawller' J 

If thou art tootaore, hungry, or 1a need of moae1-

l1alock the r144le ot the cipber graven below, 

AD4 you Yill be led to ricbea beyond all dr.u. of' avarice! 

- !II'·""""""" -

vlaM u..•~·--iHIF'r(;ar several humnd ~· t.be JICkl•ibility ot Mudclen wealth 

cms14ere.bl.e leDgtb ol tim, aolftd the ci}lher.. lt pv. hill 4etau.d 1Datruct1oaa 

ao. Polaibly !t iJ:t.volftd :t'!Min& the correct combillatioo to a 5-tumbler lock! 

. veu, :t. •ol.nd tlat oae too, a.tter a lot at work, and tb1li eDabled him to open 

the aarc:opbagu11,. 1n vhich he :f'OUDd a box. In the box vu a wisp in plain 

-2-
REF ID:A63366 

J•ggnap, aa4 thia 1a vbat 1t 8&141 

o, tboll vi.le aD4 iaa&tiabl.e mouater t To 41.aturb tbeff poor bones l 

U thou 1MM1•1t lAM'De4 •ometh1116 mere uaet'ul than the art ot 

4ec1pbn'iag, 

*:bo\l voul.4 1at not be f'ootaare, ~, Qr ill ne$1 ot moaey! 

word "SBA" but tbe letter •c" AM it •'taDtl• tor the vord C@fl'OLOOIC. Tbe title 

40WD 1A !liatcry u a si-ea-t tactician, •trategiat u4 luder of meu) or 1 on t.be 

~-f~:.... 

other Mad, hoW to loee battle• am,._- am ao 4ovn in billtacy u an ineompetent 

At this :point let • h&ttan to dez33' tb&t l '• cu"tin& arq retlectiowa 

men in each at the tvo categori&a--,.hw to vin" and "how to loae" battles and 
REF ID:A63366 

vi'\h an 1nci4ent ot tbe fil"et type, QQe iA which lota ~ tirat--clu• C<:Mllfr wa 

4oubt t~ that I'm goiag to go 1Ato tbat atill cOlltrOftl11i&l and 41.aaetroua 

L po1~ ror_ ..,~ -~-~oi:°:' 1A tlMI tali. 

Thia beiJaa a TOP SJCUr lecture it Will appear a bit incoagruoua tb&t I 

1n au.ch a 41autrou. ateat an4 cal .. 1 ty u 'the J'~s• blld !Drlicted. upon us 

a~ Pea:rl. 1'11111 cluo:r h&4 ~be •tJ the •tter coul.4 no loaaer be bu.bed up, 

\...#~ ~'""· ~ ~-h.Qi. tmy coa:tended)bJ" the .me4 tor llilit&ey eecrecy. So the:re,,..,vve 1nve1ti&ations--

, -·~it~ ~ V.·t-'j ~'EA- ~ t.,.,, ~ 0..,.. 

a balt 4oUa m' ~~vtaditle=-r~,._ gralld :f'111al.a Joint Congree•ional Inveat1p.t1m iAto tbl Attaolt on Pearl Rarb<n-. It YU thi9 invatigation which not 

ozaly 1taell' broupt 1.lito the open every detail an4 exhibit \meovered by._. 

.Jt, ... 
REF ID:A63366 

'rbere cam a 4a7 1n the Congt"etsioaal. Bieerinp when 10...;pti: ~ c. 

~,.,~ s--~ ~ ~~e 'vri~~~ ~wb:!~'cll1et ot statt,_ u.s. Ar'll!l:T at tm ti.ma ~ the Pearl Harbor At.tack~ vu 

' e&lled to t.be v1'tDe•• •tar:d. U. teatified tar aeveral. laog, l.eing ~- Toward 

written to OoverDor Devey in the .Autumn at 1944, 4urillg tbe Pn•14ential 

Cupai811. OeAeral Ml.l"•:t&U. b!t.JW. le p].ea(ed ~~ moa~ -.nwst~ with tbe Committ.M 

/\, 

&\Qt to farce hiln. to 41ao1oee tbe letter ar it.a cao:tcrta, but to no avail. Be 

bed to bow to the v1ll ~~ai~. ~ ~ ,~ • 

A ' 

(( U.S. citisem 4i•covered lut week that pctbapa their moat potent 

aecret wee.pen at Wcrld War II wu not raAar 1 .aot '\be W i"L'l.M, not t.be 

atom 'bomb, wt. a barmleaa little machine which ceyptograpbve pa.inst.aktngly cooatruate4 in a hidClen l"OClll in J'ort Wubington. With thie 

been 11-.rl •AOUSh to realise it ('l'IMB .. Dec. l.f). Jlav General Marehall 

_,_ 
REF ID:A63366 

H ._ble4 a relatiwly •all u.s. force to intttrcept a Jap invu1on 

<C 

D1"tcted U .s. aubmrinu unerriagl.y to tbe .-. lanes vbere Japanese 

reporting iatervieww "1th Hitler, givw O\n" torcea illvaluable inf'orm.tion 

Amt than TIME goes on to Ci ve lllCl1'tt 4eta1lJI ot "\bat •tory. We •ball retur11 to 

it later a tbs.a talk. 

It i.e bar4l7 MeeS•U'Y to tell you .how canttully Hmgic WA guard.s. betON, 

4ur1Da1 u4 after the var. It ill at~caret\il.l.J guar4ed. lvea the t&et ot 

auc'h a 4ffutin8 aurpriM attack. Let •read ;rou a bit from page 261. ot 

-6-
REF ID:A63366 

_,, 

an4 top noret a1 th1AI iatelligence that it appear• the fac1; the Japaneae 

/' co1ee - - brolrml ... ffllU'4ed .. ar _.. ~· : ta 1.at-uoa. 

t o'bta1.Ded tr1;a 4ecocle4 tnttic." 

TIME Alll.t ill comaection with tllia pbue ot tl:le etQl'J' Of Magic durtDg 

Warl.4 Var It11"8o pr1celee• a. 1>09••••10ll wae Magic tb&t the U.S. high COlll!!!BDO 

l.1"94 1A coutaut tear that ~ Jap1 would. cliacover tbe .Hcret, cbu.ge their 

corle ach1MJ'y, tarce U.S. erntographera to •tart all Oftr ap.1.Q." 

• '-" Lu.~ fH-if- ftd~ +~ Bov l 4C1111 t. want to seem to OYer..apha•ize tb.e 1mportance ot COMIITA but. 

:E think it warranted to read ;you vb11:t tbe MaJorit7 aai4 about 1t in ~Repcrio. ~ 

" .... aU vitne•••• tu111ar with MAGIC •terial throughout tbe war 

have tea'titied that it coutributed euormoua17 to the 4et'eat or the eneiv, 

SL"•tl.1' ahortell.19IS the var, u4 aave4 aDJ" thouauda ot livea. '' 

Qenaral Cbaaberlin. who vu MacArthur •a G-3 througbout tbe war 1A the 

F&c1tic, ma vr1t.ten1 "'&e iat01'•t1on G-2 gave Q ... 3 iA the Pacific Theater 

&lone •Yed. ua m.1Q" thout&Drls ot liftl aad ehor'teued the war 'b7 no less tbarl 

-1-
• 

REF ID:A63366 

i;: ~> ta.. L.>~ Wo..,JI" ~...o...tt 

~our a.._nden ha4 CCllill'l!At.beJ were &ble \o put wlat~arcea tbe7 13-4 

•o tbe loe••• 'WVN' qUit. anere, as can b6 1een :f'raa tbe tollowings # 

:l.n tbe ll6th D1via1ou. l\ecaUH ot beaY7 Geram attacb, 733 tanks am 

DM.l"]¥ aom.pl.etel.7 anojbilatei, although the 28th Divi•ion 414 aubaequent.J.7 1 

8'er COlllbat after 'beir&a rebuilt. ttl 

t Bo'Mrt 1. llln'2-, Dark hcember, 1-r7- ~· p. 211. 

What bappeuedt wq1 

I4 aa article which 11 ea.titl.ecl "Dattle.t!el.cl Intellip.a.cer The :Battle ot 

the JNl.ge u a Cue Biatory", all4 which vaa publi•hed in tbie J"ebruar7 l953 beue 

o'L CClldbat Farge• JourD&J., Hauoa Ba.ldviA said: 

"IAtelJ.ipnce deticienciee aD4 u. aatipatic co.acentrat1on upon our 
REF ID:A63366 

* • • * * * • • • * * • • • • • • • • • * • • • • 

Ju.wt 414 not pt &ll the :racta tbat were a:was lab.le. '?bero vu a variety 

reaoma1 eeanc• vbeD. the veatblr vu bad. J and when we cam up to tbe 

v- or ~-ti°" ......., about hal.Yel!. • 

A I hope I 1ve not vied yoo.r patience b7 9.llCh a ~ }fttac• to t:be real 

\) n'betaMe at ~ iie.+k1 so it •1 abwt time l IQ'l"· doWll to bru• taolm, tla&t 1.a, to 

\ 

,

1 

:tA vbe.t I - rraa TJllS, the word "llAOIC" vu UH4 to rC:c to the 

~t10A that - traa the aolutica or o.r.on, ltal•u, - Ja-e secret 

-9-
REF ID:A63366 

GOlllllUllica.tionm. MAGIC, ot course, a imply vu a l!lort ot code word ror COMINT. 

~to UH other aecret VQ1'49 to designate 't.bi8 eort ot intelligence an4 to 

O'bange tlw ~· r.t"om ti.De to time, for seC\Jri ty reaaona • .llov Ma:.gic ar Cau:HT 

1a C01Wpo8e4 ot tl:iree t,nee or categoI"ies of intelligence, an4 'by far the grea.test 

'the thrff ~ypo m: utegor1es al"e: (1) Special. intelligenee, which comH tran 

thoH _.sap•;. date. applicable to •uch thi.Dgl u their call.sip, the trequenciea 

-npleyecl, t.be 41rection er rout1np, and •o o::i; aEld (3) Wea:ther illtilllipnce, 

an4 even. 1n peace tillile to a certain degreo 1 ar~ encrypted. In .thia audience 

!here 1a hardl.7 Med tar me to gi-nt you a 4efintt1cn "'Of _CCIMJ:R'r, but. 

JU"b&:pe l ahoul.4 cite 1\e three prinCipal. obJecrtivea. J'irat, to provide 

authentic into.ration tar poliey .Un, to apprise them ot the realities ot 

-uI 

' I 

\ 

' 

' 
\I 

I 

I ' 

I 

' ' 

REF ID:A63366 

•uecesaf\ll. proaecu.t.ion, u4 v1t&L to a ah~n.ing ~, the period ot hoetilitiea. 

ground ill:rorna.tion abou:t COMilfl. CONil'r, which 18 'based upon. the aciea.ee of 

larpJ-7 baaed. '!lie tvo are but oppc:i5ite :taces or the aam coin, tor proaresa in 

one illev1.ta'bl7 ie.ts to progress in the other. JleAce, rq talk vUl. d-.1. vith 

it. 1a olw:toue U.t &Utben1i:tc ~1iian Yi th reference to the 1-cksround and 

4nelopoent at the ec1ence 1n tOl'eigu countries is quite epm"ee; an4 althougb 

about how goocl or ba4 thay were in c~isoa with ue. S~ioe it to •Y that 

\.\>, ~ti~t'O"" ~ ~~'\~t5 l\~Jh'(.. .... h. ~~ w loolred pl"etty sooJJ.1., together w1'th 0\11' ;pr1Do1,PLl ~, 1r1ta111, "'9,._voa tbe var, 

though 

o.1t.A-M---

~-. seem. 100 have 

~ 

~ the peaee eomewhere. 

I can Ollfy give a ta!rlJ' good acco~ of U.S. ceyptologic activities up to 

a. eertain point or ts., and eveu tMA I Will not b& abl.e to ·~ veey 11Ueb about 

tmm eimpl.Jr 'bec&l.We the •t.C2Q' 1a too J.ong to give in a lecture QI' ev.n a 1er1ea 
REF ID:A63366