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8EeRS'f = SllHfRPf'Y IHPORMA'f I0N 

TRANSCRIPT OF OFFICE OP COMMUNICATION SECURITY CONFERElfg! 

SUBJECT: Replacement Of the Combined Cipher Jlachino 

Date& 22 December 1952 

Time: lOOO - 1200 

Places Room 19232 

Present: Office 

Col. A. L. Paah.,naki Lt. Col. B. J • Re vane 

Dr. R. H. Shaw 

Kr. T. ft. Chittenden 

Mr. W. F. Friedman 

llr. J. H. Douglas 

Col. ". A. Shaw 

Cdr. J. T .. Pend ergrasa 

Dr. H. J. Stukey 

llr. F. Raven 

Mr. J. R. Chiles 

Maj. w. M. Hamilton 

Mr. A. W. Small 

Mr. R. Battey Mr. D. Wol.rand 

Capt. R. L. Taylor 

Kaj. E. J. Giese 

StCRET 

C/SEC 

C/SEC 

g~~l8 

CONS 

p/p 

L~O 

TECH 

O:PllS 

OPHS 

R/D 

.Army 

J.rmy 

Army 

Army 

Havy 

Air Forae 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 01-28-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 

l 

r· 
Si!l8ft'E'l' 

COL. PACHY.NSl:Ii 

1a to present to 

to a paper whioh 

Chiera of Staff. 

REF ID:A59490 

The purpose of thia conference, gentlemen~ 

you the Di~eotor'a position in reapeot 

we recently received from the British 

Have you seen that? 

MAJ. GIESE: I saw it upstairs. 

COL. PACHYNSKI: Just to make sure everyone underetands 

the position or the British 1n this matter I will read the 

paper aver. It shouldn't take too long. 

Col. Pachynski read the proposal to the U.S. Joint Chiefs 

or staff which is contained in Memoran~um SK-1~0952 

dated 28 Kay 1952. 

COL. PAOHYNS~I1 The paper was forwarded to the Direotor 

ot the Batlonal Security Agency by the Joint Chiera ot 

Starr tor comment and reco1nmendationa. We have held a 

aeries ot meetings on this subject within the Agency 

and have prepar~~ a reply ror the Director which reflects 

hie position ln this matter. 

Copies of the proposed reply were distributed. 

COL. PACHYNSKI: I might mention that copiee or the reply 

will be rorwar~ed ooncurrentl7 with the rererral to JCS 

to members ot AFSAC for their information. 

llR. FRIEDMAN: I w1ah the British would at1ok to one handle 

ror their designation or their body. I notice in the paper wh1oh you have just read that they reter to themselves aa 

the United Kingdom Chiefs or Starr. I suppose in thia 

paper we should use the same designation. I auggeat that 

in the t!nal version we make it the U.K. Ch1efe or Staff 

throughout • 

DR. SHAW1 How did all that POLLUX get into th1a paper? 

OOL. PACHYNSKI: The British referred to it aa POLLUX, to 

the s:yat~•· 

DR. 8BAW2 It plaoea a certain amount of strain on ua--

the gradual 1ntroduot1on or POLLUX/ADONIS, reaching 

completion within six months after the original tar~et 

date of l January 1955. Tb.at 1& in paragraph 4. 

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.. -u t~ c ~. .. .. 

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8B9RB'1' 

MR. FRIEDMAlf a Ia that agreed? 

DR. SHAW: There has never been any question about it. 

MR. FRIEDMAHa I nottoe that the U.K. paper doesn't aay 

anything about ADOBIS. TheJ talk about POLLUX. llaybe 

we should say nothing in the paper about POLLUX being 

inadequate now. 

DR. SHAWi It is not a question or it being inadequate 

now. It nevor waa adequate. They were given a system w1th encrypted indicators ror the purpose or permitting 

just that d1at1not1on. 

llR. FRIEDMAlh What 1• the name? 

DR. SHAWs ADONIS. 

MR. FRIEDMA.Ba Is there an agreed paper which etatea that? 

DR. SHAW1 There has been a oonaiderable exchange of JCS 

papers, aubjectz ADONIS. 

MR. F.RIED.MANr The one you read talks about POLLUX.. It 

t!oe•n't mention ADOlfIS. Kaybe we should explain 1n that 

paragraph why we use ADONIS and then •imply use ADONIS 

and not say POLLUX after that paragraph. 

DR. SHAWa I think something like that should ba d:>ne. 

It ia confusing an issue which shows sign.a of becoming clear. 

MR. FRIEDMABt I thought at least ono ot the U.S. Services 

aaid that thoy would •"opt tho .AFSAM '7, provided they could 

send traffic with plain indicators. Ia that no longer true? 

DR. SHAW: 

problem. 

CCII. 

It is at111 true but it has no bearing on tb1a 

lt la not conceivable aa a replacement ror the 

MR. FRIEDMAHz For the CCK purposes 1t 1a ADONIS. 

CAPT. TAYLORi What are the relative eeourity mer1ta or 

BRUTUS and ADONIS in general terms? 
REF ID:A59490 

SBSR:S'l 

llR. FRIEDMA!h I will let the 41 people speak on that. 

DR. SHAWz That dependa on how general you want to be. 

CAPr. TAYLORz Within ten per cent ot inf1n1t7. What do 

you mean by saying that the things that are wrong w1th 

BRUTUS will be improved by ADO'R'IS? 

DR. SHAW: There is the posa1b111ty ot incorporating the 

rotcr-off feature. There la a whole raoet which 1a exploitable on BRUTUS that is not exploitable on ADONIS. 

CAP!'. TAYLOR: What do you think about the plugboard 

proposi t1on? 

DR. SHAW: I am striotly in favor Of it. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: My understanding ot it 18 that it 18 a 

feaa1ble mod1t1oat1on engineering-wise. What effect does 

that have on the security of BRUTUS? Does 1t make it 

comparable to ADOlUS? 

DR. SHAW1 OJ, 7ea. Oft the cutt I would aay,w1thout 

having prepared any stud1ea on the subject, that BRUTO'S 

with the plugbos.rd would be more secure than ADONIS w1 trout 

!t. 

CAPT. TAYLOR 1 What are the aspeo ts w1 th regard to BRUTUS 

and ADOHISi It aaya 1n here that the U.S. Services have 

agreed to the POLLUX/ADO:tUS pr1no1ple. We are adopting 

that aa a baa1o statement. Ky recollection 1a that while 

it 1a an essentially correct statement, it le only halt a 

statement in that the atatanont was that we would teat 

both BRUTUS and POLLUX, the AF8AJf 7 and ,7,and then make 

a determination. That waa the baaic plan 1r I remember 

correctly. The u.s. would make the determination and 

inform the Br1t1ah; What puzzles me he~e is the practloal 

aapect, the production aapeot. It is stated in here that 

we can get the new one much raster than BRUTUS. Why is 

that? 

MR. FRIEDMA?h The contractor handling that is the 

Teletype Oorporation,and I think the7 are a little behind 

on it. 

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REF ID:A59490 

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LT. COL. RAVANE1 First ot all one is under development. Dtck~ isn't it the 47? 

MR. CBILESz The 47 1a behind the 7 as tar as I know. 

CAPT. TAYLORz Wouldn't readjustment of the pr1or1t7 take 

care or th1 a d1f .rerenc e? 

LT. COL. REVAliE& We are talking about two th1nge now. 

MR. CHILF.sz It wouldn't be for about a 1ear in production 

and quant1 ty. 

LT. COL. REV.ARE a The paper here deals with ayatems. You 

are talking about equipment. Ir ADONIS were adopted, it 

1a mJ understanding that the joint crypto plan would be 

the 47. 

CAPT. TAYL~R: The 36-point rotor 47? 

LT. COL. REVANE s That ia at leaa t two years behi:rd the 

AFSAM 7. There ia no intention to toroe the 7 upon the 

Bavy in place or the 47B. 

CAP~. ~AYLOR1 I was oUl"1oua dbout whether it wouldn't be 

possible to start out with BRUTUS with a readjustment of 

the priorities and have a mod1t1cat1on in the form of the 

26 by 26 plug. That ls the next machine for use w1 th the 

mod1f'1oat1on and would come out arourd 1Q58 or 1960. That 

would boa still bettor overall equipment, aocept1ng a 

minor reduction in seour1ty in the meantime. 

MR. FRlEDKANc Aa I understand, the 1ntroduot1on of plug- board• in the BRUTUS model.a now would neoess1 tate fairly complete changes in design. Isn't that right, Dick? 

MR. CHILES1 In the 47 I think 1r they are able to get 

thin separators, they might have enough room to put a 

plug in the 47. The big trouble oomea in with the 329, 

the thing that is going into the 2QOO. 

CAPT. TAYLORz Have you aeen the Conley 50-po!nt plug? 

llR. CHILES1 Yea. In the 329 thing that is going 1n there 

1an' t any place to get the neoessar7 oonneotlon using the 

output side ot the plug, or the basket. You would have to 

ul. ~CRET ·u. 
REF ID:A59490 ., ........ -.., ,<f:\ 

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make the thing. We have talked this over with BUSHIPS. 

It ,Aeemed to be the general consensus that 11." it were to be"""i,~ooi,-porated, 1 t wou1d have to be a change in the 2900 

1 tselt.' We would have to make the plugboard a part ot 

the 2900. ~-

Where 1t plugs 1nto the print-wheel me~han1a•? . . MR. CHIIBS: ·yes, on the' 2900. It 1t were done on the 2900, 

I think this would mean calling them hack and tehabll1tat1ng them. I should think that would be a two-7ear ~habil1tat1on 

program. -~!?l 

JIR. FRIEDMAB : You mentioned the Conle,- t7pe of th1 ng. I think I have seen one of those, but this isn't exaatly what we mean bJ' a plugbOflrd. 

CAPT~ TAYLOR: But it would accomplish a s1m1l~r.pu~ose. Whaji. JOU are talking about engineering-wise is ~111 a 

little better. Theoretically it seems to be feasible. 

Instead of a .flock o.f plugs, ,"fou put the Conley plug on 

the---1ns1de. On the outside you have a pluggable board 

like·you do on an IBM set-up. You have the c~oaa wires. 

You have to change the plug not :from the inside but rrom 

the outs1d e. That idea merits some cons1derat1 on. It 

might be an answer to this problem before we jump off on 

another one. R. 1:1 ; 

COL .. -PAuBYNSKI: 1'hia is nothing more than a general 

atatement in detail that we are discussing here in this 

dec1a1on. Any action to press for the use or the BRUTUS 

system aa an interim measure would be contrary to the 

objective which has been set up by the u.s. Services to 

provide tor a completely compatible system, a new system 

1n the u.s. Services. !low 11" BRtlrUS 1s used aa an interim 

e7atem. then we get into the same rat race which the 

Director ia strenuoualy opposed to and which we have had 

in the past and have in tbe present where JOU have to 

provide ror compat1b111t7 for a non-crypto security equipment thl'ougb use or an improvised basket system. 

The p~oduot1on possibly of the AFSAK 1, plus the fact that 

the Jrm7 and Air Force both are extremely desirous of 

having the equipment in the1~ hand• and placed in operation. 
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REF ID:A59490 

SECRET 

would provoke such a situation. The D1reoto.r'a view ia 

that it would compound past .t'olon1es made in th1a respect, 

•o he .t'eela we ahould now get off on the right .root. We 

are in an advantageous position with respect to the 

AFSAK 7 production p1oture. It ia one equipment that ~oea 

two things. One is that it meets the requirements rrom 

the atardpo1nt or the m111tary oharacter1at1oa ot the Air 

Force and the Arm7.. It oan be made available w1th1n a 

date that is pretty close to l January 1955 for Combined 

and WATO use. 

MR. CHITTENDElh I would like to connnent .. on that as to 

coat. By 1960 the cost ot doing what Oapt. Taylor 

suggests, of stepping 1nto a better ayatem by going through 

the BRUTUS phaso :r1rat would be about t1so _ooo,ooo. To go 

to a better system now with ADONIS would oost about 

ta ... ooo .ooo. 

CAPT. TAYLOR1 I have a question on security. Is BRUTUS 

oons1dered more or less aeoure than the CCK? 

DR. SHAW1 More, oertainl7. Imneaaurably moro. 

CAPT., TAYLOR: What level of aeourity are you trying to 

provide? The highest level, or are you trying to prov1d e 

intermediate levela 1n BRUTUS or ADOBIS, either one? 

COL. PACRYNSB:I 1 Dy level what do you mean? 

CAPT. TAYf..ORz The clasa ot holder. For example, do you 

want the type ot security which you would expeot tar 

COlJIDun1oat1on with a Class 5 holder or a Claes 6 holde~? 

Do you want it for high command or for the operational 

level? 

DR. SHAW& At the present time the COM, HERMBS, 1• being uee~ tor substantially all combined communications. In 

general systems and 1n high command systems we have to 

have Class ~ and Class 6. The idea 1• to replace that 

ayatem. We have to have something to take Clasa 5. 

CAPT. TAYLOR s That will be made available 1n the ECll, the 

889? 

MR • .PRIED!U.1'1 For certain high command systems? 

S~CREl 

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. 

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CAPT. TAYLOR& How about for oartain high command oommun1-

cat1ons? 

rR. SHAW: Th.at 1a Class 6 and 7. 

llR. FRmDMA.Nt COMINT? 

DR. SHAW: It amounts to Class 7 and part or Claaa 6. We 

take out the COMINT material. 

N.R. BATTEYz While we are on tho aub•j eot of security, I 

would l1ke to inquire about th& British implication that 

the AFSAM 7 isn't aa secure aa 1t should be. In one part 

or their paper the)Y aay to 1noreaae the aecur1t7. Is that 

worth oommen ting on in roplpng to the Br1 t1ah? 

MR. PRIEl>MA!h I.f' we had 1t to do over again, we probabl.y 

would have included provision tor plugging or the AFSAK "1. 

DR. SHAW1 I sincerely trust that future ~ed1t1ona of the 

7 will have 1 t. 

MR. CHITTENDEN: I "'-ould like to point out tor Mr. Battay'a 

peace or mind that a change has been made in the number ot 

rotors per set which ahould overcome that objection. 

tR. SHAWt It won't overcome it, but it ameliorates it. 

MR. BATTEY1 Is that situation worthy or making a comment 

on to tm British? Apparentl7 at the present time they don't teel eatiatied on the security or the 7. 

MR. CB ILES 1 I think 1 t depends on how muoh detail :you 

want to go into 1n a paper or thia aort to aolve the major p~oblem. The 1mpl1cat1on in thia paper certainly is that 

the security or the ADONIS ayatem aa it will be put forth 

will be adequate tor the length of time that we intend to 

to be. 

MR. FRIEDMAlz I think llr. Battey'a point !a a good one. 

It wculdn't hurt to put in tho paper reoogn1t1on of their 

canment and go on and aay with a view to improving tho 

•'JS tem tba t we agree that probably at thia time we 11111 

have to 1ncreaae the number or rotors per set. That should 
REF ID:A59490 

SBOfti!l'l 

improve the a1tuat1on. It won't go as tar aa the plugboard 

would. I think that also we ahould take ocoas1on to point 

out that much aa the cryptographic experts approve tho uae 

or plugboarda,the operators ~1~approve. At present U. s. 

opera.tors highly Cl!• approve the use of plugboo.rde. It 

slows up the thing. It 1• a aource or error. It createa 

panaemoniwn when you are aot up for a day• a period and 

a massage comes in for the preoed1ng pe~iod. All 1n all 

if we could avoid it, we woul~ like to avo1d it for the 

aake or th& operato~a. 

CAPT. TAYLOO.: Th.at 1s a good quoat!on, the degree ot 

pandemonium. Up until now the operators have hot been 

too aer1oualy considered. It 1a our feeling that man1 ot 

the arrangements n~w 1n effect ere unnecessarily confue1ng and too compliaated for the type of operators we have in 

tho fi~ld. One ot the things whioh we ar6 v~ry uneasy about now 18 the rotatable notch ring idea which I think 

hae worse d1sadTantagas than tho plugboard. I don't know 

the r~la.tive merits o:r the plugboard. 

The aeour1ty question 1s an interesting ona. We are still 

ritluatant to believe that AJAX 1a as insecure ae it is •tate~ to be. We are more 1ncl1ned to approach that thing 

rrom a practical p.roduat1on viewpoint than from a seour1t~ 

viewpoint. Assuming that th1e 1a the oase. BRU'l'U'S has 

ae!equate security, ma7be not as ?:Juch eecur1 ty a.a you would 

have by aomo other means but adequate seour1ty, we might 

get ouraolves into an ong1noer1ng and produet1on hole that 

makes 1t 1mpoaa1ble to auppl7 ERU'.l'US. Let me ask alao 

why the 1na1atence on ~his solution here. Are we going 

to put them 1n an impossible poe1t1on? 

MR. FRIEDMANi Put the Br1t1ah in an impossible position? 

CAPT. TAYLORi Yea. engineering and produot1on•w1ee. They 

have gotten themsel.vea an adaptor for use w1 th TYPEX, but 

they haven't done much or anything elae. What Ar$ we doing 

to holp them out by this eolution? 

LT. COL. REVANBz I would have to go back to the start 

study to answer that. We worked up the estimated cost or 

t1nano1ng BRUTUS for use of the u.s .. forces alone, not 

U.K. o~ MATO. For the .t1ret year of the war 1t would 

require about 13,760 various types or adaptors and machines. 

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REF ID:A59490 

There are certain thinga to be oona1~ered. On the AFSAM 47 

there would be 6,CX>O each for the first year or the war. 

Kore would be required tor full mob111zat1on than for the 

tirst year or the war. That accounts for the higher cont. 

For the U.S. foroee 1t would be 36.1 million dollara. 

On the AFSAM 7, 2 1 000 each la carried in that tigure. On 

tho AFSAK (29 basket, the ~29, 1t is 800 eaoh. Then on 

top or that you have the rehab111tat1on coats, costs tor 

spare parts tor all the var1oWI types of adaptors and 

machines. Full mobilisation requires 12,642 various types. 

Xn addition to the 13,000, you have the rotor problem compounded. Then you have apare parts and rehabilitation costs. 

A lot of the maoh1nes will be ten years ar more old. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: Won't the rotor problem be s1mpl1:t'1ed with 

es-point rotora rather than ~6-point rotors? 

I1r. COL. REVANlh I don't think ao. Under the cone ept of 

.ADONIS you have 36~po1nt rotors throughout. Logistically 

tor the users ot Combined and NATO systems we will only 

supply them with one type or rotor. For NATO when you get 

into that, under the BRUTUS concept we considered that the 

U.X. would supply themselves BRUTUS-wise. So it comes up 

to a grand total cost to the U.S. ot 93.3 m1111on dollars, 

whereas based on ADONIS/BRUTUS, the g~and total to the U.S. 

tor full mob111zat1on tor the first year or the war !a 

61.7 million dollars. Adding the tr.K.-NATO rorceo 1n there, 

1t comes to 84.8 million dollars. The g~ana total cost to 

the U.S. forces for the rirat year of the war going to 

ADOHlS 1a only 29.6 million dollara aa compared to 

35.l million dollars for BRUTUS tor the first year of the 

war. That is about 6 m1111on dollars d1f~erenoe tor the 

tirst year ot the war. Engineer1ne-w1ae and log1at1o-w1ae the APSAM 7 is 1n production now. 

Lt. Col. Revane spoke off the record. 

CAPT. TAYLORz Ir JOU felt the 47 would be all right ••••• 

LT. COL. REVANB: You men~ioned the practical aspects o:t' 

thia thing. A lot or development would have to be done 

on th& various types or maohinea to go to BRUTUS. One or 

the biggest jobs would be tor the AFSAK 7. You don't have 

anything at all on that. 

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rim. CHILESz They have done aome 110rk on it. It would be 

a long way away. 

LT. COL. REV.Alis You haven't even gotten out of the 

aevelopment stage. 

MR~ CHILESz It la a matter ot trying to get a satiefaotor7 

rotor that will tit into the space available in the 7. With 

the aeparatore you would not be able to accomrr.odate the 

BRUTU3. One ot the serious things 1a that it we went to 

BRUTUS and used that adaptor in the 7, the plugboard situation there becomes extremely difficult. There wouldn't 

be the space available that there would be in the 47 to 

aocompl1ah that end, the output plugboard. With the 7 

adaptor to have it work BRUTUS, that is the thing that is 

a lo~ wa~ away. On the 47 I believe the laat eat1mate 

was that it would start 1n produotion 1n January, 1954. 

That ia about all I was going to aay. The 329 runs about 

the same. 

MR. CHIT'rENDSH: It depends on the eng!neer1ng space for 

the plugboard in the 329. 

MR. CHILESs Aa tar aa the 329 goes, we won't be able to 

put the plugboard in that aa far as we know at the present 

time. It would be a matter or adding 1t in the machine 

1tselr, to the baa!o machine, the 2900. 

CAPT. TAYL<lt1 Speaking of a solution baaed on practical 

aapeota, I gathered that it has to be compatible with the 

7'• that are going to be used by two of our Services. 

COL. PACHYNSKir Going back to the question about the 

British development position in this matter, there is 

alao attached to this oommun1catjon rrom the British 

Joint Chiera or Staff a aeoond paper or which you are 

probably aware. It has to do with replacement or the 

Combined Cipher Machine. They point out that they want 

to add other things. They state that in view of the above 

production-quantity requirements for each or the Commonwealth nations co?XJernod, the U.S. may be required to 

provide all the equipment. which would be aa follows. 

The1 add them all up. The total comes to e.540. That 

total represents 4,200 £or the lavy. l,3QO tor the Army, aid g50 tor the Air Force. We recognize the development 

pos1t1on of the British. We recogn1zo the requirements 
REF ID:A59490 

SES RB'! 

for the machines that we would have to furnish !t they did 

go the AFSAM 7. In the ~eply it la specifically stated 

that baaed upon the bel1et that the APSAM 7 w1ll be aatisfaotory equipment. and that the neoeas1ty may exist tor 

the u.s. to produce equ1pmenta to meet all requicements. aot1on is being taken to 1ncreaae production capabil1t1es 

for the AFSAK 7. 

CAPT. TAYLOR 1 Could I d 1greas for a moment and ask how 

you all feel about giving ~Bohinea to the South African 

Government and on wht baa1a it is to be done? That came 

up in the JCEC Panel not long ago. The Br1t1ah Joint Se~vlcea Mission seems to be strongly in favor of auoh an 

action. 

COL. PACHY118KI1 I don't believe that we have had an7 

strong feeling or any objeot1on to such an action. C&rteinl7 

1r the Italiana, the Greeka, the Turks, and a few others get 

them, I think they are entitled to them. 

CAPT. TAYLORi We have bad a little ~eluotanoe about it. 

The7 want to include Ceylon and Pakistan as well aa South 

Africa in their request for the same tJPmot crypto systems 

that were being used tor BATO. 

MR. CHI'ITENDEH1 The So1.1th Africans d1d hold the CCK dur~ng 

the war. 

DR. SHAWs The only remarks which I heard on the subject 

were trom various reproeentat1voa ot the Br1t1ah Admiralty. They rount1 it neceeaa~y in order to have South African 

ah1pa working with their fleet. 

MR. WOLFARD: The7 wanted ue to release that to aix countr1ea. 

For Ceylon and Pakistan they juat wanted us to give them 

training editions. 

CAPT. TAYLOR& 01•1g1nally they wanted ue to give them. the 

device and the tra1n1pg ed1t1ons. TheJ wanted us to gtV• them the device and the sy•tom. 

MR. WOLFANlh Only the training ed1 t1ons. The South 

African• want us to give them the operat1onal •1atem •• 

well. They point out in their paper that the~ intend to 

give the South Africans an intra-British machine which 

they think haa greater aeourity than the BRUTUS. 
REF ID:A59490 

CAPr. TAYLORa That was Just a d1grosa1on. 

MR. SMALLs Ir the Br1t1ah could show us some manner 1n 

which they could build a pluggable output into our machine, 

would that 1n any wa7 make BRu'TUS acceptable to us? If 

we gave the reasons we give here, this would then not hold. 

Would we then have to rall back on same other reaaona than 

those given here? 

LT. COL. REVAN'lh On that question from the pro<Juction 

a·tandpo1nt if they come up and say that they can g1 ve m 

BRUTUS with a plugboard berore we oan get out the AFSAI 7, 

I think the7 probably would be 1n a very good position. 

I don't think it 1s possible rrom what our own production people know about the situation. Bow do you reel, Col. 

Shaw? 

COL. SHAWr I don't know anything about the British 

capacity to do this. From our point ot view the rehabilitation, calling 1n enough equipments to get plugboarda on, 

is an exoeedingly waatetul time factor. 

LT. COL. REVANE i The only equipment a which we have tor 

NATO are the 1700a and the SIGRODS. We l!!on't have anything 

in etook tha. t we could make BRU'l'US machines out of. We 

would have to haul tho machines out and bring them bsok. 

'Ihat means going out ot oommun1oation. 

JIR. SKAIL1 As tar as we rrom the Army are concerned, we 

are here to listen to the Director's poa1t1on and are not 

to make any statements on our own. We are just here to 

listen and to join in the dis ousaion tor information 

purposes. The thought that I had here was to reiterate 

our historic stand, that we would like to see the 7. 

What it will be when the paper canes out hasn't been decided. We know there 1a a lot of reluctance to the 

pluggable input, that it would not he put on BRUTUS aa 

rar as this paper goes. 

MR. CBILES1 It says that it will delay it. 

DR. SHAWt Is there any posa1b111ty that BRUTUS w1 thout 

the plusboard would get out betore the 7? 

MR. CHILESr What 1a your schedule? 

lS 

... "'' l -.... 
COL. SHAWa 

MR. CHILES1 

COL. SllAWz 

rr •• .._---'- • L --.. w 

REF ID:A59490 

SECRET 

The 26-po1nt 7 w1 thout plugboardl!i? 

No, 1 t cannot. 

Putting the plugboard in 1t delays 1t further. 

LT. COL. REVANEz The 7 is the quickest 1r it ia sat1sractory, 1:f the se~v1oe test ia eat1sfactory. It ia the quickest way 

to do it. As I tried to point out a. while ago, the development o:f the ad apt or to make the Army and Air Foree equ:f pment work on BRUTUS ia not evon f1n1ahed. 

CAPr. TAYLOR: You can•t change the priority of the taak 

at this point ao as to bring BRUTu:l out 1n time to meet 

tho British request here? 

MR. CllILES1 The pr1or1t7 o:f the 47 and the 429 are already 

at the top. We have suspended everything else. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: Supposing you abandon the 7 for the time 

being and concentrate on the 47, can you bring it out in 

time? 

MR. CHILES: I don't think the two contl1ot actually. The 47 is being done by Telet7pe and it is true that 

the1 are suboontraoting eome of the other production to 

the same company that is doing the 7p Burroughs. I think 

the thing has been set up easent1all7 with Burroughs. I 

am. not aur e • 

MR • CHIT TEND EN 1 They are • 

GA.Pr. TAYLOR: To concentrate on ADONIS here doesn't arreot 

produot1on one way or the other or the 47. Ia that right? 

MR. CHrr·rENDENr The 47B now hinges on the .rapidity 111 th 

which the eng1neer1ns oould be performed. 

CAP?. TAYLOR a It doesn't 1mp1nga on tlB priority on the 

47 either. Is that correct? 

MR .. CHITTEIDElf1 'l'he two are not in oon:t'lict. 

Sf CRET 
REF ID:A59490 

SEGRE'i' SECRET 

CAPr. 'I AYLOR 1 There 1s no way to bring the 47 out faster? 

MR. CHILES 1 Wot unless we can jack up Teletype. 

CAPT. TAYLOR1 I wanted to get 1our views on it. I notice, 

Colonel. that you have a number or experts in the 5eourit7 

or these dev1cea arourd here. Two or them I reoogn1zed. 

In Undersea Warfare one 1s anti-tax and the other is prorax. I wondered 1t you would ask them the1r Yiewa on the 

security aspects at these devices. 

JIR. RAVElh I would want a rurthel" de:f'1n1 ti on or anti a:a!I 

pro. 

CAPT. TAYLOR 1 Pro is the proeeoution ~ one' a owr1 aubcampaign. Anti means countering the other rellow•a. 

MR. RAVEN: I am here aa 02's representative. I probably would be classed as anti. 

DR. STUXEYc I am here as Shaw's tentative relief. 

CA?.I.'. TAYLORs I would like to hear their views on the 

devices 1f they have studied them. 

COL. PACBYBSXI: They worked on the problem together. 

It aeema to me they ought to speak with one voice on it. 

CAPT. TAYLOR 1 On the aecuri ty aapeot you sa1d, Bob, you don't consider BRUTUS auff1o1ently secure for NATO use. 

DR. SHA\h The thing 1s this. If you put 1n a machine now 

ar in 1955 'Which will be used tor ten years, the machine 

JOU put 1n £or ten years wh1oh has to operate on anything 

ao hot a• olaaa1t1ed traffic hae to be auch that when it 

goes out at operation ten years from 1955 the laat message 

you sent in 1a at111 secure ror a aubatantial length or 

time. 

CAPT. TAYif.)Rr It ought to be, yea. 

DR. SHAWr Under the c1rcumstanoes the 7 with encrypted 

indicators, which ta the ADONIS, 1a better than the 47 

26-point rotor machine with enorypted ina1cators, wh.1oh 

1a BRUTUS and which would be 15 years £rom production • 

....... - - - 1C::. II .. -~ r-3.,,. •, -- .-.. ....., ~' .... ' .. 
REF ID:A59490 

The 47 with the enorypted indicators~ which !a the 26-

po!nt BRUTUS as wo now have it, will very likely be 

readable. The 7 I expeot will not. 

CAPT. TAYLCR: Don't you propose in ten years to h~v• a co~pletel7 new one? 

DR. SllAW; You still have to be able to read the laat 

mesaage sent in the old ayatem. We don 1 t contemplate 

thR.t w• W1ll get into the sort of fix we are in now. At 

least I hope we will not get into a situation whore the 

ayatem on which we have been depending fails betore there 

1e a replacement. 

--- ~ 
REF ID:A59490 

r-: ~ • -

critical analya1a to aee whether 01' not indeed it is valid. 

We w1ll oft1o1ally submit 1t to the D1reoto~, Xational 

Becur1 ty Agenc7, for hia comments and cr1t1o111m. When we 

get the ultimate reeponae from the Director, NSA, that 1t 

is invalid and that the or1g1nal evaluation of the doublet 

attack is indeed oorreot, we will or course abide by that 

decia1on. Until such time aa he has actually critically examined this pieae ot paper w& still have some reservations. 

DR. SHAW1 It seems to me that th~ U.S. Havy has no cho1oe 

in this situation except to recODllllend complete suspension 

or everything we have talked about here th1a morning. 

CAPT. TAYLORS We are making no reoanmendat1 ona here this 

morning at all. 

MR. SMALL: The Army felt aomotime ago when 1 t went bet ore 

APSAC two 1eal'Sago, when the problem ot BRUTUS oamaup. the 

Army felt that perhaps the 1tCll ahould be given to the 

British. We felt the 7 should be ma~e the CCM eventually. Our reasons then are the same aa they would be now. That 

isn't an oft1a1al atatement. The 9 is ooming along. There 

are two ver, strong reaaona tending toward ADONIS rather 

than towaztd your machine. We •till want to win the noxt wa~. We want the one that looks beat at that time. Those 

are the two strongest reasons aa ~ar as I can aee. I 

notice that neither or them. shows up in this paper. I 

don't know whether the Director wanta to take it into 

account. It will have the aame rotors aa the 9 and will 

make our training problem an~ our log1st1oa problem easier. 

It might also allow giving encrypted indicators to low 

ech•lona. Those a:re two 1mportant l'eaaona for the Army to 

want the 7. 

LT. COL. REVABB1 I would 11ke to make a prediction a:rpray 

that with the simple 7 an~ the 9 coming into use you are 

going to be enciphering ~our 1ndioatora. 

MR. BJIALL1 That was a ta.ctor in favor o~ the 7. 

MR. RAVDr I am in complete agreement with Bob. I 

peraonally teel that for the long-range haul that he 1s 

talking about that the 47 oerta1nl7 will not make 1t. In 

m1 own mitt! :r:· have some doubta that the 7 will make 1t. 

I think the ~,with reservations on 1t, ia the slightly 

more secure machine. There 1• marginal aeour1t7. We are 

playing in decimal points here. 

• 17 ' "'- ·--- - - _......, JJ 
REF ID:A59490 

~L P-6RB I I 

MR. FRIEDMAKa Aa to tho point wh!ch Al raised about why 

we Oon't mention these things and he brings in the AFSAM 9, 

I didn't know that the Dr1t1sh were 1n on the AFSAK 9. 

MR. WOLFAND: Yea. 

MR. CHILESi They were not interested in it from their 

connection with the combine~ replacement. 

LT. COL. REVAKB1 We aro getting off the problem. The 

problem 1a to replace the CCM as quickly an possible. 

DR. SHAW: That is the point that waa j11st raised. f)bea it 

need replacing? 

LT. COL. RP.VANE1 We are raced •1th th1a situation. The 

Br1 ti sh say that 1 t needs repla.oen:.ent aQd we agree w1 th 

thm. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: For the pu.rposee of this paper deal1118 

with the British Cypher policy Board and 1ts reapona1b111t1as 

we have said that tho COM is insecure and that it does neod 

replacing. I quit~ agrGe thnt one must adresa himself to 

that port1 on of the problem. I think that the quest! on 

of tho relative aeour!ty 1s so.-nothin3 of a a1de 1asue. Th~t makes 1t so very ~1rr1cult. You hav<J to drop evar7-

thlng that yo.l have already done. 'l'he evaluation or the 

AJAX aya~em two 1ears ago completely disrupted the 

cryptographio planning. Whether or not 1t 1e too late to 

do anything about that I don't know. I bring that matter 

up as aomath1ng to consider. The Br1t1ah, however, seem 

to have written the strongest memo.randum I have ever 

read from them on any eubjeot. They have the bit in their 

teeth. I am not prepared here to say one way or the other 

that we go along with them. We are 1nol1ned to ag:reo with 

them. I do certainly have the teo11ng that Prank Raven's 

•tatemant about thB degree or aecu.r1ty, \Vhich I described 

aa being w1th1n t&n por cent o~ infinity, 1• a pertinent 

ractor. The length of use 1s certainly a pertinent 

taotor. There is a period of time c.1ur1ng which the laat 

messag• should not be readable. True. 

JIR. PRIEDMAN1 With reference to the quost1on er AJAX, ~elaying answering this until that baa been settled, I 

don't aee how we can do that very well. The British are 

- ----·-- .... -
REF ID:A59490 

pressing. and we are subjected to a dela7 ot a oouple or 

days in forwarding the paper to JCS. To answer a question 

of the kind that you br1ng up would introduce a delay of 

several weeks. 1r not months. 

CAPT. TAYLOR1 I don't propose that you delay on that 

baaia. I merely atate that we are going to make eueh a 

proposal. 

YR. FRIEDMAN& The crux or the problem le getting it 

off1c1all7 agreed. We have ofr1c1•lly agreed on the 

insecurity of AJAX aud have off1o1ally agreed on the 

neceaa1ty for a qu1e'k l'eplacement.. 'l'here is need on the 

part or the British to have a firm determination made ao 

they oan get started. It ae~ma to me to dictate this 

kind ot a respo:ns &. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: Perhaps ao. Really the only ground that 

1t could be handled on is the praotiaal ground ae to which 

could be gotten first and oheapeat. 

MR. FRIEDMAN: The answer to that 1s very clear. It 1a the 

ADOliIS, the AFSAll 7. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: I am inclined to regar~ the security aspects 

as a aide iaaue. 

LT. COL. REVANEr In going baok into this thing even before 

the so-called doublet attack came up there was an attempt 

to 1•eplaoe the CCM. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: That 18 correct. 

DR. SHAW: It was established without rega~d tor the 

doublet attack on 3 October 19'7. 

LT. COL. REVANEz It ia a aide 1aaue. We have to replace the CCll whether this other thing came up or not. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: Cu1te true. 

L~. COL. REVAHEt We feel that this is a practicable program. 

We te&l that aa tar aa the Wavy 1s conoerneO it will not 

1nte.xf'ere w1 th ;your operational i .. equirements r~ the 47B 

·--•--.""!.~ ... 
~ .......... ----------~ 

REF ID:A59490 

l i-;a, -- r.-- f:I fll• • ' - t !-

, r..;' '"•1 •< ,. 

fl·'1"4 !'";:!'.lei_~ 

- --- . 

because even the Navy would be asked to carry the AFSAltt ? 

as aoon as possible, as soon as it la available. Aa aoon 

as you have the AFSAK 47B, you would send tho 78 back to 

us. Then we would givet them out to meet other requirements" 

As far aa your budget is cor.cerned, aa far as the Navy 1a 

concerned, you won't eve~ budget for the AFSAM 7. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: You bava heard the old arguments that wo 

have beat over and over again, the question of apace, its 

1mportanc e upon the number or rotors that; we can carr7 

on shipa,and the number or machines which we oan carry 

on ships. 

LT. COL. REVAHEs ~he baskets am rotors going into 

BRUTUS are somewhat bigger than tho 7. As far as apace, there 1an't a lot 0£ difference between carrying a big 

basket or something the sizo or the 7. 

MR. FRIEDMANi May I euggeet, Ml•. Chairman, in order to get 

on with this now ! would like to ask the Army it they have 

any con:menta on the paper, whether there are any factual 

errors or ambiguities that we oan straighten out. We would 

like to have the help ot the Services on th1s paper so that 

we get it straight. I would like to have the Air Force 

make similar comments. We will make the change about 

POLLUX/ADONIS. We w111 introduce a single sentence to 

explain that. 

COL. PACHYNSKI1 There ia one thing I would like to ask 

in respeot to your question about the British point about 

the security of the AFSAM 7. You don't reel, I take it, 

that tho comment made on the security or BRUT'CS versus 

the so-called POLLUX/ADONIS 1n this proposed paper is 

aurr101entl7 covered? 

MR. EATTEYs They do 1nd1rootly. My only thought was that 

sine e the British made a apeoi.f1o point to queat:1 on the 

eer.urit)' ot the ?, our paper might be a little stronger if we reaffirmed our own beliet that it would be adequately 

aecure. 

MAJ. HAMIL'l'O?h Isn't that taken care ot in the last 

sentence ot paragraph 4 of the enclosure? 

llR. SMALLs Does 1t eay 1t 1a better than BRUTUS with 

enc1phored indicators? 

.. ..... l .a.. jllllm 

20 ~-~---~~-
REF ID:A59490 

st CR El 

SEGRB'l' 

MR. BATTEYi I will pass tlJl t c omuent along as something 

to think about. I am not deo1ded in my own m1:nd. Ir you 

think 1 t would nake a atrongel' paper, I would auggeat putting it in. 

LT. COL. REVANE: There is another aspect which is not to 

be overlooked. Besides the security aspect there 1a the 

operational requirement to get eome machines out for NATO 

and tor Combined Communications purposes. 

CAPT. TAYLOR1 I think that it ia a mistake to do this on 

the basis of security requirements, on the basis ot 

relative aeourit7. I doubt very much that we oan get the people to agree to paragraph 3 here. 

MR. CHI'I''l'ENDEN1 What do you think 1a the most practical basis? 

CAPT. TAYLORr -hich one can you get out ~1rst •nd cheapest? 

MR. CHITTE!IDEN: This paper does represent an 1nd1oat1on 

or wmt we can get. 

CAPT. TAYLORs I am not in position to accept or to reject this paper at th1a meeting. 

MR. FRIED11AN: You aren't supposea to. We wanted to have 

some help. If you felt that there wore any mistakes 1n 

here, we don't want to forward any papers with mistakes 

1n them. 

CAPT. TAYLORt Paragraph o goes back to our action of 

last year on the baaio plan wh1ch aa1d, "Go ahead with 

the thing. We will teat them and will take the one which 

proves to be the beat." Apparently that ia still going to 

be the one. This gives the impresaion that it has already been determined rrom these te8t8 that the 7 1a quite 

aatistaotcry and therefore the &"1t1sh planning should 

be based on the .ADOBIS sys te:rn. 

llR. FRIEDMAN: I think you are right. 

I!r. COL. REVANEz I don't think there la anything in the 

paper which aaye that anyone, the Pr1t1eh, the liav7, or 

an7one else haa to take the AFSAM 7 with the ADONIS 

pt'1nc1ple. 
REF ID:A59490 

!ESRE'I 

KR. FRIEDKAifa 

ur. COL. REYABE: Or buil~ a d1f~erent maoh1ne altogether 

than either one ot than. 

CAPT. TAYLORi The 47B, we ~on't know juat where we atand 

on the 47B yet. 

MR. CHILES z It is a long way ort. The work on that hasn•t 

progressed as rapidly as we had hoped it would, pr1mar1ly 

because of the Elllphais1s on the 47 an:'J the :529. We wanted 

to get those out first. As t'ar as I know, up at Telet:ype all they have done 1a to make some rather extensive tests 

on the 36-point .rotors to aee 11' they are going to run 

into any trouble as far aa construction and resistance 

went, etc. 'l'he last report I aaw on that was that the7 

had run the 47 print er tor 100 hours continuously w1 thout 

error. That is tha ~6-po1nt rotor maze. 

MR. WOLFANDr You oould say pretty aa~ely that the 47B 

would be about a year beh!rd the 47 produot1on-w1ee? 

MR. CHILES: 

47 at loaat. 

how tea ta on 

a new :rotor l.f 

It will be a 7oar or 18 monthe behind the 

Tale type es ti ma tee two 1eare. It C! epends on 

the .rotors work out. If they have to develop !. t w1ll be delayed longer. 

CAPT. 1AYL0Rs The paper here doesn't aay so. We strongly believe that the 7 will be the thing. It say• in paragraph 

6, "Based upon the bel1e.t' that the AFSAM 7 will be sat1afaotor7 equipment, and that the necessity may exist for the 

U.S. to pro~uoe equipments to meet all requirements, action 

is being taken to increase production oapab111t1ea .t'or the 

AFSAM 7." First of all we believe it 1a the 7 that wo 

ought to go ahead with. Thia saya 1n paragraph 6, '~hererore, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff believe that 

consideration of BRUTUS as a replacement tor the CCK should 

be suspended until completion of aerv1ce teat1nga of the 

AFSAK 7." 

Fair enough. That aeema to go back to the original idea 

of testing them and ta.king 11hiohever one proves to be 

the more satisfactory all things a> ns1d ered. I don't aee 

1n any plaoe in here where there 1a any statement a• to 

the date when the deo1a1on on whether or not the 7 satisractori ly meets the aerv1oe teat might be expected. The 
-.·-~--Wf,~-·:,.•;:,-,;_·=·~·=~-"2.w."""7£.,.•.,.·T - 15 ~ ._...,.,, " ~ \' "'""' .- ~ ,. 't"'" -., -'",.£:",_·~-~Lo~.· ~ ~~p--.. ... "'!Cf'" ·=· -:. 

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REF ID:A59490 

"'-.; '3 ... p ..• l?'·" !:i • l'I "i• f 1~ •'· ~ f! - ~ S£0RE'1' --- .... . ... -·· .. """ 

last I heard on the thing was that auch a decision 

probably had been overtaken by events due to d1£~1oult1es 

in production o-r both or these devices. There Wall informal 

agreement between the Director and one or the lfavy members, 

Captain Howeth, that they would render a decision by 1 

January 1963. It appears aa though that is impossible 

now. Asaum1ng th1s solution aa stated here should be the 

one that we should take, what than would one expect in the 

way ot a date tor determination or satisfactory service 

testing or the 7? 

MR. PRIEI>MAlh Col. Shaw,, when will the pre-production 

mcx1 els all be or t the line and a en t out? 

cor. ... SHAWa You are getting about 26 in Januar7. In 

Februar7 7ou will get 50. 

JIR. WOIPAND1 Produot1on models? 

COL. SHAW: These are on the production line. In Karch 

you will get 100. I would like to make one point clear. 

In the atart of the production line you don't get real 

production model.a until aftei- quite a tew have proved 

all the toola. You oan•t prove all the tool• on a couple 

o-r hundred instruments. Our rate really doesn•t begin to 

acoelerate until the erd or April. 

llt- FRIEDMAHa The question Capt. Taylor rals•d waa, 

"When oan we expect a deoiaion to be made upon the aerv1oe 

testing or the pre-production modela?w Shall we aa7 the 

first ot·xaroh• the first or April, the first at Kay. or 

what? 

COL. 81IAW1 I d6n't know how long the aervioe teat1na; 

takes. If ~ou get 200 by March, how man7 will you need 

tor ae~v1o~ testing and how long will it take? 

MR. QIITTENDE?la No one oan say just the apec11'1o date 

on which we will ha'Ve the complete number ot equipments 

tor aervio~ temt and the teats completed. The Army and 

the lav7 have wa~ved service teat to get the produot1on un.1 erway. It is not proposed by them that they conduot 

formal ae;rv1ce tests. There is no aenae 1n stopping 

action until the service test is completed and the 

equipment evaluated and rejeoted or accepted. They al'e 

taking the equ1pmenta aa they become available from the 

produot1on line and putting them through varioua operational 

testa and evaluating them that wa7. We hav• just completed 

the airborne teat on the production mod el ot the 7. It 

waa highl7 11uooesatul. . ,. 

r,... t • lrll> 

.,.., I'• t-)-:.r-1._f;. 

.-
REF ID:A59490 

~f:t" ~-· l -,, 

. . - L --

8EeRB'f 

CAPT. TAYLORz What you a~e ~oing at the present 1s all 

on £a1th completely. You recognize the need tor service 

test. All your plans are based on the auocees o~ those 

teats. If the tests rail, where are ••1 

MR. 8.MALL1 Gen. Canine could probabl7 atate a date it 

you demand an answer. 

KR. FRIEDMANz The paper ia not complete without a atatement of the date because the British w!ll aayd nAbout how 

long can we be expected to a1t here and wait? 

CAP'l'. TAYLOlh This paper asks the Itri t1ah to w1 thhold 

their ~ec1s1on to do something right away. 

MR. CHITTEND~N1 We promised them by 1 January 196~ we 

would have a dec1e1on. 

MR. FRIEDMAlh We ought to give them another date. 

CAPT. TAYif.).Rs Somebody hae to make a decision right or 

wrong to go one way or the other. Postponement of the 

deatsion makes all the planning extremely difficult. 

Preeenting them with a pre-conceived plan of what 1a 

intended 1a all vary well 1t 7ou are sure or your gi-ound 

and the thing turns out well. If it doesn't, you are in 

a very bad spot. It 1a ror that reason that we have taken 

the view that 1r you are going to bet on an untried horse~ 

you ought to bet on the tried and proved principle which 

the British have stated 1n their paper. The Nav{ certainly hopea that the commitment• 1n ravor of the 7 w!l be 

eucceaaful. Someplace along tbe 11ne and very eoon a 

decision has to be made. You can't keep putting off the 

ev11 date. Thi• pape~ should reflect that. Some place in 

wrttins that should be made. As or that date we have to 

make up our m1nda whioh way we are going to jump. 

MR. CliITT~NlJEBi That date 1a still l January 1953. I 

believe thie reply to the Er1t1ah was an effort to extend 

it, to extend it and oont'irm it. 

CAPT. TAYLORr We are about to decide on the 7. We can't 

.really decide. 

MR. CBITTENDEI: Turning the paper around. it sa~a that the 

U.S. Services have decided that ADONIS is what should be 

used. We •till have a reservation that the spea1t1o 
REF ID:]t.59490 

embodiment whioh the 7 ortera is going to be completely aucoe~srul initially. That is what thia paper aa7s. It 

talks about a principle. 

LT. COL. REVAWE: It has to say more than that becauae 

the Er1t1eh want a dec1a1on on a replacement for the CCM, 

either BRUTUS or ADOBIS. 

CAPT. TAYLORr It goes back to the memorandum which aays, 

"Let's aubmit both of the beat equipments for test. We 

will get their comments and will make a dec1aion a• to 

which one 1t will be." The memorandum aay• in paragraph 

6, "'l'beretore, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staf'f believe that 

consideration or BRU'l'US as a replacement for the COM should 

be suspended until completion or service testings ot the 

AFSAK 7." It doesn't say reject 1t. It says auapend it unt~l aervioe teat of the 7 1 leaving room for the poa1t1on that 1f the 7 fails we have to do soma other planning. I 

think the Director should either make his decision now or 

aay that the thing is 1n a state or flux and he thinks he 

can give a deo1a1on by 1 May. ffe sa~e, "I w1ll make a 

decision by 1 May." Stop putting 1t of~. 

MR. SMALL1 Bot1oe the rererenoe in paragraph e, line 6. 

Could we aa1 that eerv1ce test will be 1n1t1ated on 1 

Maroh? 

KR. CHILES i To pick a date would depend on what you mean 

by aerv1oe testing. If you mean what the Army means, it 

would be one date. If you mean what the ~av1 means, it 

would be another. 

MR. SMALL• What do we meanf 

CAPT. TAYLOR: I don't mean when I suggest that we pick 

a date tor eerv1ce test that it b11a to be a complete 1ervioe test. We reoogn1ze the 1mponderablea there. I 

do think the Director should piok a date, a reasonable 

estimate ot the time in which we think we will have 

enough 1nt'ormat1on on which to make a decision. 

MR. CRI~TENDEN1 The date or the deo1s1on 1• based on the 

best information available. 

MR. SMALLa We ought to state instead when we are to begin ael'v!ce teat. 

26 SECRET 
8i0RIR 

JIR. CHl'I'Tii:NDEN: S!noe we are "•al1ng w1th variables and 

1mponderablee, I think it is better to pick a date for the 

4ec1s1on ~ather thRn p1ok a date for aer~1oe testing be~ause that wlll depend on what you mean by service teat, 

what •111 bo aceompl1she" when the serv1c& test evaluation 

1a complete. I think the idea or a date tor the dec1s1on 

1 s a .fine 1d ea. 

MR. FRIEDMAN: I d!eagree violently with indicating that a 

decision will be made by th~ Direct.or on 1 April 195~. 

•R. SMALL: A dec1s1on to do what, Sir? 

1111. FRIEDA!ANc We will deo1de on the basis of test that 

we w1ll go ahead with the AF3AK 7, ADONIS. 

MR~ SMALL: I wondered what the alternative was. 

MR. FRIEDMAN: If the testing ahould turn out to be un• 

favorable i;o the :ir.a.ehina, ~.t ia obvious that we would have 

to delay etill turther to try to step up ERUTUS production. 

KR. S!lALLi It m1ght show that we should extend 1t. I am 

curious ~lbout whother that would be one or the alternatives. 

P.R. OHI'l~TEJ':Dillfr Ther~ wruld b& two to make. The decision 

is tho.t ·ADONIS is the superior eystem from the .standpoint 

or e~cur1ty, from the standpoint of oost~ and trom the 

standpoint of production. The onl1 thing which 1• left out 

of that picture, the only faotor which we don't have to 

make this piature complete and whioh we recognize 1n this 

paper, is tho workability, the acceptability or th& two 

equ1pmonts which are embodl~onts of ADONIS, the 7 and the ~7B. Theao are the only things which we laok in presenting 

to the D1rootor the faots on which ~o make a decision now. 

If we 11m1t the doo1s1on to l April for an evaluation or 

a npec1f1o equipment, we w1ll not be in muoh better 

position on 1 April than we are in right now. 

If we sa7 that the Dir~otor's decision should be oontined 

to a dec1s1on or principle, then tho paper la ackt,uate. 

'!he ~r1t1sh may ask us to dete1"m1.ne a rrs nc1ple, to make 

• decision on principle becauso they realize ae we do that 

they probably wlll have to have a different embodiment 

trom the principle thsn we w111 have. Avoidance on a 

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deo1s1on or principle prevents any'bod7 trom moving toward 

getting a production embodiment. I believe we have 

sutr1o1ent information available now to make a deo1s1on 

tar shorter than April l. 

MR. RAVEBz I am a little confused here. The basic 1esue 

whioh 1a at atake here 1s a very, very simple one. The 

basic issue 1a, "Will the AFSAM 7 work or won't it work?" 

Will we know by the rirst of April that it is a sound 

mechanical device or won•t we? As far as the ADOHIS 

pr1no1ple and tho POLLUX principle, that is just extra. 

That will be gingerbread on top of the baaic 1aeue. 

LT. COL. REVARE: Suppose we change the paper right now 

to sa7 that we are going to the AD0XIS pr1no1ple? What 

have we lost? We have to go to them anyhow? 

llR. FRIEDMAN: That 1e paragraph lk• 

CAPT. TAlLORz t don't think we have lost anything. 

LT. OOL. REVABE1 Lot's aay we are going to ADONIS. 

llR. FRIEDJfANi Refer to paragraph lb. It aaya, "The U.~. 

Servioea have agreed that the POLLUX/ADONIS c~ypto-pr1no1ple 

will be adoptea at an early date as a basic system tor U.S. 

Joint aanmun1cat1ona, if aervloe teats prove tho AFSAK 7 

aat1afactory." 

I don't •es that the tag end belongs there. The POLLUX/ 

ADOWIS pr1no1ple will be the baa1o &J'Stem. What has the 

aerv1oe teat on the AFSAM 7 got to do with itT 

MR. WOLPAJm1 Read the introduction to AFSAC 1277. 

MR. CHITTENDEHs We have agreed upon a plan which results 

in the u. s. Services •ay1ng that they would use the ~6-

point rotors • 

MR. RAVEBz The 36-point rotors are a long way trom the 

.AD05IS/POLLUX orypto-syatem. 

Mr. Chittenden read paragraphs l!,, E_, and ~ from the 

proposed plan • 

.MR. CHIT1'ENDENr We are putting the U.S. agre~ plan into 

effect. We are proposing that the Br1t1sh acoept 1t for 

Combined Communications. We are proposing that you accept 

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5 a_, ~r I ~ • n 

~ - .. • If I • 

8l*'Rfi!' 

th.a ADONIS orypto-pr1nc1ple tor Combined Communications. 

Then 1n the speo1f 1o embodiments there are technical 

problems that we have to overcome. Capt. Taylor has pointed 

that out. We can't overoane those until we have settled 

on a principle. We are able to ~o that now. 'l'he raota 

are available to give to the Director. Those facta Col. 

Shaw has presented very well. Lt. Col. Revane haa presented them very well. They are aeour1ty, cost and production. We could take out the portion ot the paper dealing with the 

AFSAJI 7 and its lnab111ty to operate. 

MR. FRIEDMAN: There is 1ncons1atenoy between lb and le. 

In lb we say that the U.S. Services have agreed on the 

POIL"Ux/ADONIS orypto-prinoiple aa the baa1o syatem. With 

that 1n mind it meana 36-po1nt rotors with a certa1n tn>e 

ot motion for the rotors, etc. Then in l~ it eaya 1n 

rererr1ng to the APSAM 7 and AFSAK 47 that the ohoioe 

between theae two equipments wae to be contingent upon the results of the aervloe testing and further securitJ 

atud1es. Am I wrong in aaying that it ADONIS baa been 

agreed upon, then the AFSAM 47 1a out? If you are going 

to talk about an7th1ng,7ou talk about the AFSAM 47B. 

LT. COL. REVANE1 Further security atu~iea ehow the ADONIS 

to be the more desirable. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: That la where I take the position that I am 

not definitely convinced ot it. Probably the degree of 

difference in security is not suft1o1ently great to override the question aa to whether or not the embodiment ot 

the principle that will work on one can be gotten out 

more cheaply and more·. qu1ck1:y than the other one under 

oonsiderat1on. 

LT. COL. REVAllh You are talking about BRUTUS $t not BRUTUS 

with the plugboard. · 

CAPT. TAYLOR1 If BRUTUS w1th the plugboard could be gotten 

out, I would aa7 that we ought to go along with the British 

and deoide on it. 

MR. CHlTTEIDEN: That ia the very point. Our study ot 

production and oost showa that isn't true. 

CAPT. TAYLOR1 How about 1r there was equality between 

them from the standpoint or production and workability? 

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COL. PACHYJISXI1 Speaking ot the aspects ot the device, 

l would aay aeourity makes tho deciding d1rferenoe. Ia 

the security aapeot aurt1c1ently great to be the deo1d1ng 

ractor in this paper? I don't think it is. I would 

think Mr. Friedman 1a qu1te right in aa71ng that he 1• 

certain tbe Er1t1ah w1ll be ver-y quick to p1ok that out. 

•i.e-;.... .. 

lfR. PRIEOMA'fh Om1 t paragraph lb. Oo on from la to le. 

It reads logically. It diaposei or th• question or service 

testing f1rat and then the aeour1ty studies. It winds up b7 giving roaaona ror adopting POLLUX/ADONIS and ••7a that 

we can do that w1th1n a reaaonable approach to the target date. It aa,.a that we are taking atepa to increase the 

production capab111t1•• and we aak them to hold up their 

deo1a1on until then. I think we shou1" g1ve a date. 

llR. 8MA!L1 What it reall7 amounts to 1• a statement to 

the Br1t1•h that we have the thing 1n hand. In the light 

ot oerta1n taotora 1t 1• 1mposa1ble to talk turkey on the 

t1rat ot Januar7. Don't be oonoerned about it until euch 

and auoh a time when we teel •• will be able to make a 

deo1a1on. Po~ 7our 1ntormat1on we are leaning heavily toward• ADOllS at tbia time. That 1• what 1n .fact you are 

aaying. 

CAPT. ~AYLOR1 I think it would be better than th1• paper 

right now .. 

JIR. PRIEDK.Alfr Of cou~se Tom aaya that we coula make a 

atatement in here now. 

MR. CHITTENDElh What is the dit'terence between going 

three quarters ot the way out on a 11mb that won't support 

7our weight and going all the way out? 

MR. PRIEDMAWr There ~· the posa1b1l1t7 that teats auoh 

aa are going to be made on the 7 might prove that 1t 

doesn't work or doesn't atand up. 

LT. COL. REV.A.!flh What J'OU are doing is what 7ou are going 

to do regardless of how we write this paper. We are going through aerv1oe teatlng of the 7. We are building the ~?. 

We are going ahead with the building ot the 47. We are 

going ahead with the adaptors. 

MR. RAVEN a Tb.at 111 the 4'7? 

LT. COL. REVAIB: Aa it is in production toda7. 

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CAPT. TAYLORs All planning ao tar haa been baaed on 

the concept that the 7 1s going to be workable, that the 

principle ~ the 7 and the modified 47 will be aat1etactory. They have done a certain amount or development on the 47. 

The mod1r1ed vera1on or it is read7. There 1a no d1tferenoe 

1n what they are going to do, but only in the way they say 

1t. 

MR. CHITTERDElh What you say 1 s true. 'l'he Brit l•h don't 

know that. They are going one direction with all their 

might and we are going 1n another. We have told them we 

are going to go 1n the aame direction as they are. 

LT. COL. REVAWBz They will have to have either the 7 or 

•7. We don't care which it ia. 

JIR. CHITTENDEHt Wo will give them an answer believing that we can baok it up. 

CAP'l'. TAYLORa The Director will be in a very bad apot 1t the 7 should tail. He 1a go1ng to have to rely on a 

certain amount or testing which he has to do. He 1a going 

to have to rely on that because plans point in the direction 

that the testing 1a going to be euocesstul. 

LT. COL. REVANBs Be is covereO on the thing. He has let 

the Wav1 go ahead with the •7, to the develop~ent of an 

adaptor tor the 2900. If ~~ ~ail•, he bas one alternative 

then, to put those out. We probabl' ought to say, "To 

replaoe the CCJI by l January 1956." 

CAPT. TAYLORf I think you ~hould aay that here. 

LT. COL. REVAIE: A• of this date, all or the evidence 

1• in favor or aay1ng that we are go1tig to ADOBIS. There 

1a a posa1b111ty that may never come about. 'l'he probab111ty 

1a that it will oome about. 

CAPT. TAYLOR1 Then you should aay ao. 

MR. CHITTEIIDElf 1 I agree. 

JlR. FRIEDJIA!h I think that 1a right. A limited number 

ot them will be made available to the u.x. aa aoon aa 

poea1ble. Can't we give aome kind or a date there too? 

ao 

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MR. CBrtTENDElh 'l'hey have one now. We saw it. We ran 

60,0<X> operations on it. 

MR. FRIEDMARs Someone was m1alead1ng me then. 

MR. CHITTENDEBz Several people aw ea ted out that thing. 

MR. FRIEDMAlfz I am glad to know that. Maybe we could 

tell them th9t we will make so many available to them by such and suoh a date. In another place you can give th.em 

a date when the Direator is going to make a deoia!on. 

MR. CHITTEHDEN1 Ir you are going to do that, it seems 

w1ae to aOjust the paper by eliminating paragraphs 1 and 

2 completely. After a brief !ntroduotion, start the paper with paragraph 3 and go through paragraph 4. Eliminate 

6 and 6. The Director should come out with a statement 

aa to what the program is and as to what h1a deo1a1on is, 

as to the way to do 1t. 

LT. COL. REVANE: When caught, punt. I think that is what 

we ahould do. 

CAPT. TAYLOR: What bappena to the paper? It is a JCS 

paper which ia ~eterred to the Services. 

MR. WOLPAND1 You will get 1 t at rour 0 1 clock oma.ftel'noon 

for answer b7 •ix o•clook. 

CAP'I'. TAYLOR1 The general opinion 1n my organization now 

is that they are going along with the Br1t1ah paper. If 

certain apec1.f1o statements were made, based on ov1denoe 

available a~ at hand now, and if the Director or NSA 

would take the reapons1b111ty for those statements, the7 

might ••y, 9 All r1ght. Fall back on the 47 if the 7 

:rails." 

MR. WOLFANDs We have a joint agreement on that. 

LT. COL. REVAHEs I can't aee wh7 the Navy or anybody elae 

would object to this plan. We have already agreed thAt it 

would be the course or aot1on. We haven't reached the point 

ot no r&tUl'n yet, completion or service testing or the 7. 

CAPT• TAYLORS Ott the record. 

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BES RB! SEC REI 

MR. CHITTENDEN& That point 1s an excellent one. The 

paper should come out and aa~ what the U.S. poa1t1on 

now 1a. It should aa7 it without equivocation. 

COL. PAOHYNSXIr I think we should take oogn!zanoa or 

Capt. Taylor's point and get together later and aee what 

can be done about insuring that it is in there. Is thore 

anything else from the Arm~7 

llR. S.MALLa I have a little thought. It is not disolosure 

of the ECK pr1no1plee. D1aolosu:re of the deta1la ot the 

ECM principles would be more nearl7 accurate 1n the last 

pag• in the r1rth line up rrom the bottom. 

CAPT. TAYLORz The ditferenoe between prinoiplea or details 

diotatea that ~eo1a1on. 

MR. WOLFAND1 Wouldn't it be w1ae to include 1n the paper 

aome considerations of log1st1oa 1n that the British have 

included them in their paper b7 aay1ng they can't possibly have their people hold two maoh1nea? In our consideration 

ot the use or the AFSAX 7, •• Mr. Small brought out earlier, 

we might want one rotor throughout the Services 1r we 

could posaibl7 have 1t. Ir BRUTUS were adopted tor 

Combined use and we haa the AFSAK 7, for 1ntra-Army use 

wo would have to have two separate kinda ot baskets and 

rotoi-s. I was wondering it some point couldn't be made 

in reply to back up our log1atioe requirements just l1ke 

the Br1tiah have indicated in there. 

CAPl'. TAYLORr I think that ia important as far aa the 

Ba vy 1 s cone erned • 

D. CBIT'rEJIDE?fz Kore stress ought to be given to the oost 

or production !n that the produotion costs whether paid 

ror b7 the U.S. or anybody else might be cheaper this way 

or that way. 

llR. WOLFAND1 Did they 1Ild1aate that tho7 could make an 

adaptor ror a cipher machine to operate with ADONIS or 

BRUTUS? 

118.. FRIEDM'Alh The TYPEX. 

COL. PACHYJl8JCI1 They haven't done an7th1ng about ADONIS. 

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LT. COL. REVANBz l don't know how much deta11 we have 

to tell the Br1t1ah Chiefs ot Staff. We don't know 

whether they are telling ua the acoop or not. Juat tell 

them what we are going to do, that they can't carry two 

machinee. 

MR. CHILES1 The U.S. Joint Chiefs ot Start don't tell 

the U.K. Chiefs of Staff what they are going to do. 

MR. CBITTENDEHr We are working towards agreement here. 

We have to give them the same arguments w1th regar~ to 

our present viewpoint wh1oh would then perauaOe them to 

the eame point or view. Wo arrived at it attar some 

aoul searching. It should save them the time of digging it out themselves. We oould put it 1n the paper. 

llR. FRIEDMAN: Right after present paragraph 3 which will 

read the eame. I think the next paragraph could bring 

out the log1st1ca considerations that Dave has mentioned. 

It would help to bolster our poai t1on. 

LT. COL. REVA'Nlh 'le don't know •nough about the Br1t1ah 

situation. They are talking about d1t£1oult1ea in pro- duction. In the later paper they are talking about 

building a national maoh1ne and want to know what principle 

to use in 1t. Are they going to take the AFSAK 7 or 

build a new maohine? Are the7 going to keep another 

machine tor national use? Are th97 going to carry two machines~ lhen we get into log1at1oa, the7 could rebutt 

us every time they turn around. 

MR .. CHI'I'TENDElh We could tell them or the log1at1ca po1nta which appeal to us from the U.S. aide. 

YR. FRIEDMAK1 The7 have expressed interest in the AFSAK 9. 

haven't they? So 1t would be to their advantage from the 

point o~ view or going to a •lngle rotor type, tor 1nterchangeab111ty. 

ClPT. TAYLORa Take the position that we are going to 

tangle on the AFSAK 9 in the Xav7. They are go1ng ahead 

w1 th the 2:508. 

IR. FRIEDKARr It 1• a powertul argument in tavor or the 

•?B. 

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CAPT. TAYLOR1 B7 this time next year wet should know 

whether we are going to have the AFSAM 9 or not. The 

British know that there 1• posa1b111ty or error. They 

want to know wh1oh way the oat ia going to jump. If' that 

proves to be wrong, we will have to straighten it out. 

They want to puah the eat down the fence along w1th the ''7. The liavy wants to puah the oat down the 47 f'ence. 

The Director ot the Rational Security Agency aupporta the 

idea or going to the 7. It ia juet that a1mple. Someone 

haa to make a decl111on. 

rm. FRIEDMAN: All right. 

MAJ. GIESE1 I£ you want a positive statement. I think I 

can give it to you. We concur esaentially with the 

poa1t1on taken by the Asency. It might be a good point 

to say something to the Br1t1ah that there are certain 

expenses. I am not aura that the Director could comniit 

himself pos1t1vely at this time. I think the Dr1t1ah 

will want aome hardware. Ir they want hardware from 

Ul!I and production is lagging on the 7, I think that 1a 

a ahot in the arm. 

Col. Paohynak1 and Mr. Fr1$dman spoke off the record. 

MR. CHITTENDE?h The ECK has a long and tight e tr1ng attached to 1t. They are to come back. They are not 

tor intra-national use. 

COL. PACHYBSKI& Mr. DoUIJlaa and Lt. Col. Ravane can take 

this in band and put in the obangea that have been d1scua11ed here. 

MR. FRIEDM.A'Ns I want to thank the Service representatives 

ror coming here and helping ua. 

llR. SMALL& Would it be possible to have a preview or the 

.tinal paper so that we oan get stated? 

COL. P4CH'XlJSKI1 We will send you oop!es aa soon as 1t 1• 

run orf. 

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