Superfun dRecord s Cente r 

## U. S Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Fina l Pollutio n Repor t

(POLREP ) BREAK : 2-4

- OTHER : 2

- 3.0 O



## I . Headin g Date : Subject : From : POLRE PNo . OSC/RPM : SDM S DocI D 25930 0



### September

27 , 200 6 Eastlan dWoole n Mil l Superfun dSite , Non-Time

Critica l Remova l Actio n (NTCRA) , Corinna , Main e U.S . EP A Regio n 1 - Boston , M A Fina l Edwar dHathaway , RPM-/. ^ 

## II . Background : Site ID . No. : Deliver y Orde r

No. : Respons e Authority : ERNSNo. : CERCLIS : Sit e I D No : NP LStatus : State Notification : Actio n Memorandum : Star t Date : Completio n Date : 01T 6 N/ A 

### CERCL A N/ A 

### MED98091547 4 010104 3 Fina l NP L(Jul y 1999 ) Yes , Main e DE P Notifie d Signe dJul y 22 , 199 9 Novembe r

19 , 199 9 Ma y 10,200 6 

## Sit e Informatio n A . Physica l Location/Site Characteristic s Th e Eastlan dWoole n Mil l Superfun dSit e i s locate di n th e Tow n o f Corinna , Penobsco t County , Maine , approximatel y 6 mile s northo f Newport an d2 5 mile s northwes t

o f Bangor , Maine . Approximatel y 80 0 peopl e liv e withi n on e mil e o f th e Sit e an d2,50 0 liv e withi n fou r

miles . Th e Tow n o f

Corinn ai s locate dwithi n th e Eas t Branc ho f

th e Sebasticoo k

Rive r (EBSR ) watershed , whic hdrains t o Sebasticoo k Lak e approximatel y thre e mile s southo f

th e Town . Topograph y withi n th e watershe di s typifie db y gentl yrollin g hill s t o steepl y slopin g ridges , varyin g fro mnarro w valley s t o fairl y expansiv e

low-lyin g floodplains . Elevation s withi n th e immediat e vicinit y o f Corinn arang e fro m 20 0 t o 32 0 fee t

abov e mea n se aleve l (msl) . Th e forme r Eastlan dWoole n Mil l straddle dth e EBS Ran dth e souther n portio n o f th e forme r

Mil l Pond . Th e futur e lan dus e assumption s fo r th e 2 5 acr e Sit e an dsurroundin g area s ar e base do n th e Reus e Pla n that

wa s develope db y th e Tow n o f Corinna . Th e larg e lan dare ai n th e cente r o f town , currentl y occupie db y th e Site , ha s bee n targete dfo r ami x o f commercial , residential an dmixed-us e development . A n expansio n o f th e water suppl y ha s bee n implemente db y th e local wate r distric t t o support futur e growth . Th e majorit y o f

th e Sit e i s availabl e fo r

re-us e sinc e th e curren t

cleanu p progra monl y occupie s abou t

thre e o f th e 2 5 acre s covere db y th e Site . Th e availabl e 2 2 acre s ar e currentl y bein g markete db y th e Tow n o f Corinna . Th e bac k

portio n o f

th e Site ha s alread y bee n brough t

int o productiv e re-use . A 2 0 uni t senio r housin g facility , Corunde l Commons , opene do n thi s portio n o f th e Sit e i n February 2006 . 

### B . Remova l Sit

e Evaluatio n Prio r t o closin g i n 1996 , Eastlan dWoole n Mil l wa s amanufacture r an dfinishe r

o f woo l an dblende dwove n fabric . Fabri c finishin g include ddyein g o f th e fabri c t o mee t produc t o r custome r requirements . Thi s dyin g operatio n too k plac e i n dy e kettle s an d utilize dvariou s chemicals , includin g dye s an ddye-aid . Dy e mixture s consiste do f varyin g amount s o f

water , dye , dye-aid , an dothe r chemicals . Dye-aid , whic hWa s use dt o improv e absorptio n o f dy e b y woo l fabric , typicall y containe dchlorinate dbenzen e compounds . Th e tim e o f dye-ai dus e ha s no t

bee n documented , althoug hi t

ma y hav e bee n a s earl y a s th e 1950 s throug hth e closin g o f th e mil l i n 1996 . Th e 199 1 Spil l Containmen t an dPreventio n Pla n prepare db y Acheron , Inc . (Acheron , 1991 ) indicate s tha t Eastlan dWoole n Mil l use dapproximatel y 5 0 gallon s o f Caroli dMX S ever y day . Reportedly , amonochlorotoluene-base ddye-ai d wa s als o use dat

th e mil l (MEDEP , 1990) . Th e dye-ai dCaroli dMX S reportedl y containe dapproximatel y 6 5 percent dichlorobenzene s an dapproximatel y 3 5 percent biphenyl . Th e dye-ai dCaroli dEW S containe du p t o 3 1 percen t chlorinate dbenzen e compounds , includin g 1,2-dichlorobenzene , 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene , an d1,2,4-trichlorobenzene . Unti l constructio n o f

th e Tow n o f

Corinn aWastewate r

Treatmen t

Plan t (WWTP ) i n 1969 , liqui dwaste s fro mth e mil l wer e discharge dt o th e EBSR . Thi s occurre deithe r b y overlan dflo w t o th e rive r followin g discharg e t o th e groun dsurfac e beneathmil l buildings , o r

b y direc t discharg e t o Mil l Pon dDamtailrac e als o locate dbelo w Eastland' s buildings . I t

wa s no t unti l 197 7 tha t

al l liqui dwaste stream s wer e finall y directe dt o th e WWTP . A s aresul t

o f thes e discharg e practices , overburde n soi l an dbedroc k underlyin g mil l buildings , an drive r

sedimen t an dunderlyin g soi l extendin g several hundre dfee t downgradien t

wer e contaminate dwithchlorinate dbenzen e compounds . Groundwate rwa s contaminate da t concentration s wel l abov e federa l drinkin g wate r Maximu m Contaminan t

Level s (MCLs ) an dStat e o f Main e drinkin g wate r

Maximu mExposur e Guideline s (MEGs) . Routin e pumpin g o f nearb y residentia l bedroc k well s serve dt o sprea dth e contaminatio n laterall y alon g bedroc k bedding-plan e fractures . T o addres s potentia l risk s fro mus e o f contaminate dgroundwater , severa l nearb y residentia l wate r suppl y well s wer e fitte dwithactivate dcarbo n filter s betwee n 198 3 an d1993 , an da publi c drinkin g wate r

suppl y syste mwa s installe di n 1995 . I n1997 , th e Main e DE Pperforme da n emergenc y respons e actio n t o remov e 54,67 3 pound s o f variou s hazardou s substance s fro mproces s pipes , containers , an dvessel s withi n th e Eastlan dWoole n Mill . 

### C . Othe rAction s To-Dat e I nadditio n t o th e remova l activities , EP A ha s als o performe daremedia l investigatio n an dfeasibilit y stud y (RI/FS ) fo r th e Site . Th e initia l RI/F S activitie s began i n fal l 1999 . I n Septembe r

2002 , EP A signe daRecor do f Decisio n (ROD ) t o selec t

aremedia l actio n fo r th e Operabl e Uni t

I are ao f th e Site . I n Septembe r

2004 , EP A signe daN o Furthe r Actio n RO D fo r

th e O U I I are ao f

th e Site . EP A complete da n amendmen t t o th e O U I RO D i n Septembe r 2006 . EP A ha s kep t

th e communit y wel l informe dthroug hth e releas e o f publi c informatio n fac t sheet s an dpubli c meetings . 

## IV . Respons e Informatio n A . Situatio n \ 

### 1 . Curren t Situatio n Th e NTCR A fiel dactivitie s were complete di n Novembe r 2005 . Th e fina l activit y fo r th e NTCR A wa s th e submitta l o f th e 200 5 Phas e I an dPhas e I I Remedia l Performanc e Assessmen t

Report o n May 10 , 2006 . 

### 2 . Remova l Activitie s t o Dat e Th e Site wa s propose dfo r inclusio n o n th e NP Lo n Apri l 23 , 199 9 (6 4 Fed . Reg . 19968) . I t wa s liste dfo r

fina l inclusio n o n th e NP Lo n Jul y 22 , 199 9 (6 4 Fed . Reg . 39878-39885) . I n Jul y 1999 , EP A signe da n Actio n Memorandu mt o initiat e a NTCR A a t

th e EastlandWoole n Mil l Sit e t o addres s th e contaminatio n i n th e soi ltha t wa s actin g a s acontinuin g sourc e o f contaminatio n t o grounclwate r an dsurfac e water . Th e NTCR A include dtw o approache s t o remova l contaminatio n i n soi l tha t i s actin g a s asourc e o f

contamination . Th e firs t

approac hwa s t o physicall y excavat e th e contaminate dsoi l an dreduc e th e contaminan t concentration s throug h therma l treatment . Thi s approac hrequire dth e remova l o f th e forme r

Eastlan d Woole n Mil l structure s an deigh t othe r structures . Thi s approac hals o resulte di n th e permanen t

re-locatio n o f

th e ESBR , th e remova l o f th e da mthat

wa s locate dunde r th e forme r Eastlan dWoole n Mill , an dth e re-locatio n o f Mai n Stree t

(Rout e 7) . Th e secon dapproac huse da n in-situ treatmen t technolog y t o reduc e th e contaminan t concentratio n i n thos e soil s tha t were no t accessibl e durin g th e excavatio n an dex sit u treatmen t

program . NTCR A Excavatio n an dEx-Sit e Treatmen t Program : Beginnin g i n 1999 , th e USEP A retaine dth e Unite dState s Arm y Corp s o f Engineer s (USAGE ) t o implemen t

th e NTCRA . Th e USAG Eretaine dWesto n Solutions , Inc . (Weston ) a s th e prim e contracto r t o perfor mth e NTCR A cleanu p activities . Thi s NTCR A ha s include dth e remova l o f th e mil l building s (performe ddurin g th e winte r o f 1999/2000 ) an dcontaminate dsoil s fro mfou r area s (performe dfro m 2000-2001) . NTCR A work area s ar e describe das :

• Are a1 :Regio n underlyin g forme r EastlandWoole n Mil l Building s 1 , 1A , 3 extendin g acros s th e forme r locatio n o f

Mai n Stree t

(Rout e 7) , an d includin g th e segmen t

o f th e EBS Rbeneathth e forme r Eastlan dWoole n Mil l an dextendin g acros s th e forme r Mai n Street . Th e contaminate d soi l i n thi s are awa s remove di n 2001 . • Are a2 : Segmen t

o f ESB Rdow n rive r

fro mth e forme r

Eastlan dWoole n Mil l t o th e abandone drailroa dtrestle . Th e contaminate dsoi l an d sedimen t i n thi s are awa s remove di n 2000 . • Are a2a : Segmen t

o f EBS Runde r

th e abandone drailroa dtrestl e betwee n Are a2 an dAre a3 . Th e contaminate dsoi l an dsedimen t i n thi s are awa s remove di n 2000 . • Are a3 : Segmen t

o f EBS Rfo r

adistanc e o f

severa l hundre dfee t

beyon d th e railroa dtrestle . Th e contaminate dsoi l an dsedimen t i n thi s are awa s remove di n 2000 . • Are a4 : Lo t

88 , Buildin g 9 , US T Area , Buildin g 1 4 Area , an dothe r miscellaneou s areas . Th e initia l contaminate dsoi l remova l fo r thes e area s occurre di n 200 0 an d2001 . Additiona l contaminan t soi l remova l fo r th e Buildin g 1 4 Are awa s performe di n 2005 . Durin g 200 0 an d200 1 approximatel y 75,00 0 yd 3 o f chlorinated-benzen e contaminate d soil s wer e excavate dan dstockpile dat th e Site i n line dcontainmen t structures . I n 2001 , pilo t

testin g o f a n on-sit e therma l soi l treatmen t syste mwa s performed . Th e result s o f thi s pilo t tes t indicate dthat

th e treatmen t

syste mcoul dmee t

th e treatmen t goal s establishe dfo r

th e NTCRA . Full-scal e treatmen t o f contaminate dsoi l usin g a non-sit e ex-sit u lo w temperatur e therma l syste mbega n i n Octobe r 200 2 an dwa s complete di n Octobe r

2003 . Qualit y contro l testin g o f th e soi l afte r

treatmen t documente dthat

al l o f th e soi l that

wa s use dfo r

on-sit e backfil l containe dresidua l level s o f contaminatio n belo w residentia l cleanu p standard s an dme t th e NTCR A groundwate r

leachin g criteri atha t

wer e develope ddurin g th e NTCRA . T o support

th e NTCR A excavatio n an dtherma l treatmen t activities , atemporar y groundwate r

extractio n an dtreatmen t

syste mwa s constructe dt o ai di n contro l o f groundwate r

infiltratio ndurin g excavatio n activities . On e bedroc k wel l an dfou r overburde n well s wer e connecte dt o atemporar y treatmen t system . Th e syste m remaine doperationa l unti l Novembe r 200 4 t o provid e hydrauli c contro l ove r th e groundwate r

plum e durin g th e initia l phas e o f th e NTCRA . Sinc e 2004 , th e groundwate r

managemen t

syste mha s bee n operate da s necessary t o suppor t th e NTCR A in-situ oxidatio n program . Detail s concernin g th e NTCR A excavatio n an dtherma l treatmen t progra mar e presente di n th e Fina l Completio n Report , Area s 2 , 3 , 4-Lo t 88 , an d4-Buildin g 4 Soi l Remediatio n NTCRA , Eastlan dWoole n Mil l Superfun dSite , Corinna , Maine , (Weston , 2001) . Westo n Solutions , (Weston ) (2001) . Fina l Completio n Report Area s 2,3,4-Lo t 8 8 an d4-Buildin g 4 Soi l Remediatio n Non-tim e Critica l Remova l Action , Eastlan d Woole n Mil l Superfun dSite , Corinna , Maine , Jun e 2001 ; Westo n Solutions , (Weston ) (2002) . Fina l Completio n Report Area s 1 an d4 Soi l Remediatio n Non-tim e Critica l Remova l Action , Eastlan dWoole n Mil l Superfun dSite , Corinna , Maine , Jun e 200 1 NTCR A In-Sit u Treatmen t Program : Thre e area s o f

contaminate dsoi l were no t accessibl e t o th e NTCR A excavations . On e are awa s locate dwithi n Are a1 an dth e othe r tw o withi n th e Are a4 US T Are aan d Buildin g 1 4 Area . Thes e remainin g soil s ar e locate di n th e saturate dzon e betwee n depth s o f si x t o 4 0 f

t belo w groun dsurfac e (bgs) . Th e fina l phas e o f th e NTCR A targete dth e reductio n o f

contaminatio n i n thes e sourc e area s usin g in-sit u chemica l oxidatio n (ISCO) . EP A als o retaine dth e USAG Et o implemen t thi s componen t

o f th e NTCRA . USAG Eretaine dNobi s Engineering , Inc . a s th e lea dcontracto r fo r th e remainin g NTCR A activities . A n ISC O Pilo t

Stud y wa s performe dt o identif y th e optima l oxidan t

technolog y fo r

us e i n th e NTCR A ISC O program . I n th e Sprin g an dSumme r o f 2004 , Nobi s installe d2 3 ISC O injecto r

well s i n Are a1 t o depth s rangin g fro m3 5 t o 4 0 f t bgs . Followin g injecto r installations , afield-scal e pilo t stud y wa s performe db y asubcontracto r t o Nobis , Xpert

Desig n an dDiagnostic s (XDD) , an dNobi s i n Novembe r 2004 . Th e pilo t stud y wa s designe dt o evaluat e effectivenes s o f tw o potentia l oxidan t

technologies , Fenton' s reagen t

andiron-catalyze dsodiu mpersulfat e (ICP) . The Fenton' s Stud y Are a consiste do f

injectio n o f

10,00 0 gallon s o f

sulfuri c aci dan d11,53 4 gallon s o f hydroge n peroxid e int o tw o injectio n wells . Th e Persulfat e Stud y Are aconsiste do f injectio no f 5,58 0 gallon s o f

persulfat e an dchelate dFe+ 2 catalys t int o tw o injectio n wells .Th e result s o f thi s pilo t stud y indicate dtha t

IC Pachieve dsuperio r

subsurfac e distributio n relativ e t o Fenton' s reagen t du e t o it s longe r

reactio n half-life . Base do n post-pilo t stud y soi l sampling , a48 % tota l mas s reductio n wa s estimate dove r th e pilo t stud y are a(XDD , 2005a) . Base do n thes e results , IC P wa s selecte da s th e oxidan t fo r full-scal e treatmen t

applicatio n fo r

th e NTCR A ISC O program . Th e NTCR A ISC O Pilo t Stud y wa s als o incorporate di n th e Remedia l Desig n fo r th e OU I ISC O progra m an dresulte di n th e selectio n o f IC Pa s th e oxidan t

technolog y fo r

th e O U I Remedia l Actio n ISC O programs . Th e NTCR A ISC O Progra mcreate dtw o work areas : Phas e I , whic hinclude dth e contaminate dsoi l associate dwithth e forme r US T Are aan dBuildin g 1 4 Area ; an d Phas e II , whic hinclude dth e contaminate dsoi l associate dwit hAre a1 . Phas e I Activities : Followin g demolitio n o f

Buildin g 1 4 Are ab y th e Tow n o f Corinn ai n 2004 , alimite d excavatio n wa s undertake n b y Westo n adjacen t t o th e forme r

loadin g doc k

t o remov e a smal l quantit y o f

contaminate dsoi l tha t

wa s presen t

i n th e vados e zon e adjacen t t o th e loadin g dock . Th e excavatio n di dno t exten dbelo w th e wate r

table . Analytica l result s fo r confirmatio n soi l sample s collecte dfro mbas e o f th e excavatio n indicate d contaminate dsoi l remai n in-plac e a t depth s belo w th e wate r

tabl e (approximatel y 6 f

t bgs) . I n Sprin g 2005 , Nobi s installe d2 0 injecto r well s i n th e US T Are aan dth e forme r Buildin g 1 4 Are at o depth s rangin g fro m1 5 t o 3 0 f t bgs . ISC O treatmen t

consiste do f tw o full-scal e injection s o f ICP , followe db y confirmator y soi l boring s an dgroun dwate r sampling . Thes e injection s were performe di n Jul y an dOctober/Novembe r 2005 . A tota l o f 13,31 9 gallon s o f

persulfat e solutio n (22,12 0 Ib s o f oxidant ) an d13,51 4 gallon s o f chelate diro n solutio n were delivere dt o th e US T an dBuildin g 1 4 areas . Confirmator y soi l boring s an dgroundwate r samplin g indicate da n approximat e 90 % reductio n o f

dissolve dphas e contaminatio n an da n approximat e 71 % reductio n i n sorbe dphas e soi l contaminatio n followin g th e Phas e I IC P applications . Th e Phas e I Tas k Pla n (Nobis , 2005b ) an dth e Chemica l Oxidatio n Phas e I ISC O Wor k Pla n (XDD , 2005b ) describ e i n detai l th e activitie s that were performe dt o complet e th e NTCR A sourc e reductio n i n thi s area . Th e 200 5 Phas e I an dPhas e I I ISC O Remedia l Performanc e Assessmen t

document s that

th e ISC O ha s bee n successfu l i n reducin g th e mas s o f contaminatio n i n th e Phas e 1 Area . Th e NTCR A fo r th e Phas e 1 are ai s complete . Th e O U I Remedia l Actio n wil l includ e long-ter mmonitorin g o f th e Phas e I Are at o confir mwhethe r

groundwate r

restoratio n i s achieved . Phas e I I Activities : I n Augus t 2005 , Nobi s an dXD D performe don e full-scal e roun do f Phas e I I ISC O treatment fo r Are a1 . IC Pwa s delivere dt o th e subsurfac e vi a1 1 ISC O injecto r wells . Approximatel y 19,25 6 gallon s o f persulfat e (31,94 7 Ib s o f

oxidant ) an d19,42 3 gallon s o f chelate diro n solutio n (2,42 9 Ibs ) wer e delivere dt o th e Phas e I I treatmen t area .Confirmator y groundwate r samplin g performe dfollowin g full-scal e [SC O applicatio n indicate dareductio n o f

dissolve dphas e contaminatio n b y approximatel y 63% . Soi l samplin g performe dfollowin g th e ISC O Pilo t stud y indicate da38 % reductio n i n residua l DNAP Lcontamination . Th e Phas e I I Tas k Pla n (Nobis , 2004b ) an dPhas e I I Ful l Scal e ISC O Injectio n Pla n - Applicatio n # 1 (XDD , 2005c ) describ e th e activitie s tha t were performe dt o furthe r th e completio n o f

NTCR A sourc e reductio n i n thi s area . Th e 200 5 Phas e I an dPhas e I I ISC O Remedia l Performanc e Assessmen t Eastlan d Woole n Mil l Superfun dSite , Non-Tim e Critica l Remova l Acion , Corinna , Maine , Ma y 200 6 document s tha t

th e ISC O ha s bee n successfu l i n reducin g th e mas s o f contaminatio n i n th e Phas e I I Area . Th e Phas e I I progra mwil l continu e a s part o f th e O U I Remedia l Actio n tha t target s 

### 3 . Enforcemen t Enforcemen t

activitie s hav e bee n limite db y th e lac k o f viabl e potentiall y responsibl e partie s (PRPs ) at

th e Site . Eastlan dWoole n Mil l cease dt o operat e i n 1996 . Th e family-owne dcompan y i s no w defunc t (i t cease doperation s shortl y afte r completin g a reorganizatio n pla n pursuan t t o Chapte r

7 o f th e Bankruptc y Code) , an dmos t o f it s officer s ar e deceased . Th e Sit e i s currentl y owne db y numerou s entities , includin g th e Tow n o f Corinn aan d th e State o f

Maine . Th e Stat e acquire dit s titl e throug heminen t domai n an d abandonment , an dth e Tow n o f Corinn aacquire dit s titl e throug hta x foreclosure/eminen t

domain . Ther e i s currentl y on e privat e owne r o f aportio n o f

th e Mil l comple x wh o acquire dtitl e a t acreditor' s auction . EP A i s continuin g t o investigat e it s enforcemen t option s at

th e Eastlan dWoole n Site . 

### B . Planne

d Remova l Activitie s There ar e n o additiona l planne dremova l activities . Al l o f the . remova l action s require d b y th e Actio n Memorand ahav e bee n completed . 

### C . Nex t Step s N o additiona l remova l activitie s ar e anticipate dat th e Site . A detaile dsummary o f th e remova l activitie s i s presentedi n th e Preliminar y Close-Ou t Report an d 

### D . Ke yIssue s Ther e are an o ke y issue s at thi s Sit e relativ e t o th e NTCRA .

## V . Cos t Informatio n

Th e remova l ceilin g fo r

thi s NTCR A i s $61,000,000 . Ther e ar e n o previou s remova l action s that

contribut e t o th e ceiling . Th e curren t leve l o f expenditur e fo r

th e NTCR A i s $59,178,973 . Ther e ar e likel y t o b e som e trailin g cos t du e t o th e tim e la g fo r invoice s an dpaymen t

tha t wil l increas e thi s cos t

t o jus t unde r th e ceilin g o f $61,000,000 . 

## VI . Dispositio n o f Wast e Th e majorit y o f

th e contaminate dsoi l wa s excavated , treate dt o mee t cleanu p levels , an duse don-sit e a s fill . Soi l tha t di dno t mee t th e cleanu p level s wa s transporte dt o a n off-sit e facility . Treatmen t plan t residual s were als o transporte dt o off-sit e facilities . Th e dispositio n o f

wast e i s documente di n Fina l Completio n Report Area s 2 , 3 , 4-Lo t 8 8 an d4-Buildin g 4 Soi l Remediatio n Non-tim e Critica l Remova l Action , Eastlan d Woole n Mil l Superfun dSite , Corinna , Maine , Jun e 2001 . Fina l Completio n Report Area s 1 an d4 Soi l Remediatio n Non-tim e Critica l Remova l Action , Eastlan dWoole n Mil l Superfun dSite , Corinna , Maine , Jun e 200 1