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REF ID:A39254 

rap i;~RET' 

&YllTY INFQRMA"R9N 

AIR DEFENSE COMMAND 

BRIEFING 

-

Declassified and approved for release bv NSA on 09-03-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 

AIR DEFENSE COMMAND · ENT AIR FORCE BASE 

COLORADO SPRINGS · COLORADO . 

' 

ADC-TSCO~~ 

REVISED APRIL 1953 

TOP SECRE:'f.' 

&e.Q.IRl+Y IN!l'QRM.~111 This is coff N~ oiL<?.!P..copiea. 
top secret 

BY AUTH: CG • ADC 

INITIALS:~ 

DATE: 

REF ID:A39254 

dL J>~~co~T••Ns INFORMATION 

AFFECTlr·~G TH,· ··,·;:,)NAL DEFENSE OF THE UNI TEO. STATES· WITH:-

IN THE MEANIN\..- <'.>•' THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITL.E 18 .U.S.C, SECTIONS 793 ANo' 794 ITS TRA.NSMISSION OR THE REVEL.ATION OF 

ITS CONTENTS 1N ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS 

PROHIBITED BY LAW. 

RETAIN OR DES"'!"."'OV IN ACCORDANCE WITH AFR 205-1. 

Do NOT RETURN 

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REF ID:A39254 

TOP SECRET SECURITV INfFO~MATION 

FOREWORD 

THE 'PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT IS TO GIVE THE REA~R A BROAD UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRESENT 

AIR DEFENSF; SYSTEM, INCLUDING STATUS TODAY, PROGRAM3, AND GENERAL PLANS. 

THE INFORMA '!'ION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CURRENT AS OF APRIL 19$3. .AMENDMENTS WILL NOT BE 

PUBLISHED AS CHANGF.5 OCCUR. 

TOP SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION 

·. 
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· TOP SECRET SECURITY INFORMATION 

IlfDIX · 

PAOI TITLI 

1 Histoey 

2 Threat TocilQ' 

3 Critical Areas 

4 Air Defenae Responsibilities S ADC-RCAF-AAC-IfEAC Relationship 

6 Mission of AOO 

7 Basic Air Def'anae Organization 8 ADC Organization I 

9 ADC Organization -II 

10 Value of Warning :·: 

11 Air Defense Programs 

12 Four Basic Actioiil . 13 Perm Radar lfet (~heoretical Coverage) 14 Calibrated Radar · l5 Radar Coverage Limitations 

16 AC&W Station 

17 Ra~ar_b~en~ion Progr~ _ 

i; -~~~l!tt' i!~ 20 Second Phase Mobile Radar Program 21 Gap Filler R~ · 22 Ground Observer System 

2.3_~~"4 Organization_:;' 24~~-..... : .. et Ships . -

2$ Airborne Early w&rni:ng. &: Control 

26 Sea &: Airborne E~ly Warning &: Control 

27 Passive Detection.··· · 28 .&DIS ·:~. 

29 Corridors &: SClT : =: 

.30 Electronic Identification 

31 Airborne Interrogation 32 Free Spaces 33 Rules of Engagement 

34 Fighter Dep 10)'lll811t 

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CL!SSIFICATIOI 

COMMEITARY CHART 

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SECURITY INFORMATION 
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TOP SEORET11 nfifftoM~ITV INFORMATION 

TITLE 

Current Fighter Deployment 

Fighter Aircraft Inventory 

Ff SS Fighter Program (By Type) 

ANG Backup ·' 

Interceptor Arm&ment '-. 

Pr0gr8mrned AA lBfensee · · . Present AA Defenses 

ED ~ 

Electronic Countermeasures 

Decentralization Coniroi 

Air Def'ense Warning·: ·... -· 

Civil Air Defense .Warning CONELRAD · . ~ . 

Wire I 

Wire II _ 

Wl9ather in· Air Defense. 

Air -Defense Exercises 

Operational statistics 

Present Boundaries 19ss~--~ 

c~&-operat1ons 

Panorama 

Kill VS Cost 

Future Threat 

Future-Surveillance 

Future Weapons (F-102)" 

Future Weapons (l'tl03) 

Future weapons (Bomarc) 

Future Weapons (Local Types). 

How Much Air Defense 

Forces Required in Future 

Future Cost 

Ballistics Threat 

_, 

TOP SECRET 

2 

CLASSMCATIOI 

COMMENTAR! CHARr 

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SECURITY INFORMATION 

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REF ID:A39254 

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REF ID:A39254 

TRRUT TODAY 

. . . THE MAJOR 'l'HFW.T WE FACJS TODAY ts CERTATNLY OBVIOUS -- m snv:P:T .AIR FORCE IS A HIGHLY ORGANIZED AMD 

VEBSA.TIL'll! CC'MPLU OF AIR· FORCES, A'M~ "lITH FTRsT CLASS E':)"TI'MENT. TRIS FClRCE IS SUPPORTED Bf A MASSIV! 

INDTJSTRIAL AND Rl!'SEARCH STRtJC'mlm OVER T"ffICH IT EXERCTSES THE HiflHEST PlfiCllU'l'IES. THEY HAVE MOVED A LONG WAY 

II OVERCf'IMING THEIR Im':tCIENCf IR LOHll 'RAJfGl!: ~IR POT.JER. TODAY, THE CO~HTDER nF Tim SC1VIET WNO RANGE AIR 

Ft"RCE HAS AT HIS DISPOSAL- SEVE'IUL HUNDRED ro-h•s -- 'l'RE ~ROVll:D SrtV'TET Am,,T:A'l'T'ON 0'1i' OTT'l B-29. HIS FORCE IS 

Ct'NT'Tltl!ING TO lffi'j:ND AND TS TMDROVIWG Tlf l>li.:'RF"R'l • .OTCm J\ND r~PABILI'lT. .n.ON'l '·TJ'TH THTS RAPID RISE II IN1G ~NOE 

ATR P0"'1ER IS TR'I!: cnFANIOR 'IUSE OF S.,-Ct!:'J' A'1""'4IC P0'4ER. T!'Ol!:TRF.R TRET 'll'OJN 'J'HP: ~T Ol4'1'Bt"T1S ~T THIS 

COUNTRY HAS ~R DO'.ai. 

AS OF HO'#, VE IS~T! THE ~nv!ET UNTOH IS ~l'PABtll! 011' MAS~ ff.AIDS ON THE URITED STATES WITH AS MANY AS 

FOUR HURDtmD TU-b'1 CAJt'll'Vnm '!'OS~TBT..Y "111: HUNDRED A-BOMBS. B!' l;t$ THTS 'J'FPUP.-T \fAV '"'ET .. L BE l.nOO ATJtCRA1'1' 

AND SOO"A-BOMBS. 

'l'O Comrt'ER TRIS 'l'HREAT Rl?UIBS THE COORDJWATED EFFORT f'IF AtL OF US -- MILITAR!' AND ·CIVILIAN. TODAY, 

WARS ARE FOUGHT Bf THE PF.OPLE AS A WHOLE -- HOT MEltEtY Bf MILITAR!' FORCES. CIVIL DEFENSE PROGRAMS MO'S'l' 00 

HAND-II-HAND T.IITH iBE MILI'l'A.Rf 'PROll~Mt:;. \TE MAY ROPE 1i'OR THE BEST -- BT1T TlfE MtJST BE llft!PARED FOR THE \!OBST. 

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SOVIET AF CAPABILI-TY 

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SBSUR:E'ff DlPOHMM':E0H 

SECRET. 

CRITICAL AREAS 

SHOWN HERE ARE THE CRITICAL AREAS TO BE DEFENDED. '!HE SELECTION OF 'JHESE AREAS WAS BASED UPON MANY FACTORS, INCLUDING: 

A. THE CANADA-u·.s. EMERGENCY DEFENSE PLAN, WHICH LISTS AREAS 1, 2, AND 3 AND THE CENTRAL NEW MEXICO PORTION OF 

AREA S AS CRITICAL AREAS • . i-

.lj. • • • 

B. THE 'A.m FORCE EMERGENCY WAR PLAN WHICH ALSO INCLUDFS ATOMIC INSTALLATIONS AND STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND BASES 

AS CRITICAL TARGETS. 

C. 1HE CONSENSUS OF ESTIMATES OF USSR INTENTIONS. 

D. THE MANNER OF ATTACK; '!HAT IS, BOTH; HIGH AND LOW ALTITUDFS. 

E. '!HE LIMITED DEFENSE FORCFS AVAILABLE. 

. . THE DECISION WAS MADE TO ESTABLISH .AREAS FOR AIR DEFENSE WITH HIGHER PRIORITY ON THOSE AREAS WHEREIN DF.STRUCTION OF . . . 

POPULATION, GOVERNMENT ARD INOOSTRY'illULD HURT THE UNITED STATES MOST IN A PROTRACTED WAR; AND THAT ANY OTHER CRITICAL 

TARGETS OU'ISIDE OF THESE PRIMARY AREAS WOULD .OF NECESSITY BE AFFCJIDED LESSER DEGREE OF PRIORl:TI. THE RESULTANT AREA 

PRIORITY LIST IS AS. FOLL01•1S: AREAS 11 2 AND 3 ARE ASSIGNED PRIOII TY 11A11 • AREAS 4, SAND 6, PRIORITY "B". .AREA 7 AND 

THE REMAINING SCATTERED SMALL AREAS SHOWN, PRIORITY "C". THE REMAINDER OF THE COUNTRY, PRIORITY ''D". •. 

THIS DOl!S NOT MEAN THAT AREAS 11 21 AND 3 WILL BE AF.FORDED PROTECTION TO. THE EXCLUSTION OF EVERYTHING ~E. IT DOES 

MEAN THAT WITH PROPER PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING BASED ON THIS PRIORITY LIST, MORE EFFECTIVE USE CAN BE MADE OF THE LIMimD 

FORCES NQW AVAILABLE AND THOSE PROORAMMED FOR THE NEAR FO'l'ORE. 

THIS DETERMINATION OF PRIORITIES WAS MADE BY ADC. TO OUR KNOWLEOOE, NO· TOP LEVEL DECISION HAS BEEN·MADE AS TO 

PRIORITY OF AREAS FOR AIR DEFENSE. 

3

SECRET. 

Sl!ieuRiff INP0RMA:'ll9M 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

SECRET 

CRITICAL AIR DEFENSE AREAS 

se:CFi!ET 
.. 

REF ID:A39254 

AIR DEFENSE RFSPONSIBILI'l'IES 

THIS OUTLINES THE RESPONSIBILims OF VARIOUS AGENCTES IN THE AIR DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES. THE AIR FORCE 

HAS BEEN GIVEN "PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE AIR DEFENSE MISSION. AND IS CHARGED, THEREFORE, ''1ITH ACHIEVED REQUISITE 

COORDINATION WITH. THE OTHER MEMBERS OF TH"li.: MILITARY FAMILY, .AND T.fiTH CIVILIAN AGENCIES WHICH EITHER HAVE A POTENTIAL 

FOR AUGMENTATION OF DEFENSE CA"PABILITIE.S OR DIRECT OR INDIRECT RESPONSIBILITIES TOWARD THE PROTECTION OF OUR PEm>LE AND 

OUR INDOSTR!'. THE AIR FORCE FURNISHES THE FIGHTER li'ORCE AND T.JILL FURNISH LONG RANGE AREA WEA.PONSJ IT FURNISHES THE 

BASIC GROUND ENVIRONMENT FOR SURVEILLANCE OF· THE AIR, AND FOR THE CONTROL OF THE WEAPONS Tl'THICH ARE PROVIDED; IT INITIATES - . . 

THE WARNINGS REQUIRED TO ALERT MILITARY AND CIVILIAN COMPONENTS; AND IT ESTABLISHES REQUIREMENTS ON OTHER SERVICES FOR 

PARTICIPATION IN '!HE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM. 

·THE ARMY IS RFSPONSIBLE FOR FURNISHING ANTIAIRCRAFT FORCES FOR INCREASIWG THE DEFENSE OF VITAL TARGETS. SUCH 

FORCES, Tim:N IN TACTICAL -POSITION, COME"tR!DER '!HE BROAD OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THE AIR FORCE. 

THE NAVY FURNISHES AUGMENTATION FORCES AS REQUIRED, WITH THE GENERAL tJNDERSTANDING THAT THE.SE WILL BE FORCES 

HAVING AN AIR DEFENSE CAPABILITY WHICH CAN BE INITIALLl; SPARED FROM THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE PRIMARY MISSION"OF THE 

NAVY. 

OTHER AGENCIJ!5, SUCH AS THE FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE ADITNISTRATION, '!HE CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION, .AND THE . . 

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, COORDINATE AND COOPERATE WJTH THE ATR FORC!!: IN THE E.ST.ABLISHMENT OF PROCEDURES, AND 

THE EXECUTION OF PLANS, DE.SIGNED TO PROVIDE FOR: AN ADEQUA~ CIVIL_· DEFENSE, THE CONTROL OF CIVIL AIR TRAFFIC, A:ND THE 

CONTROL OF ELECTRONIC EMISSIO:tfJ • 

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AIR DEFENSE I OF CON.TINENTAL UNITED • '• STATES I • • ' 

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• 

U.S. AIR FORCE ~ ~ ~ PRIMA.RY RESPONSIBILITY 

U.S. ARMY ~ - - - - - ANTI AIRCRAFT ARTILLERY . . .. . ~ '• ' . ... .. 

-

U.S. NAV-¥- . ..- . -~- - ~ - ~ - FORCE . AS 

- REQUIR~D .. . ~ .... 

-·-· -- .. 

• 

CIVIL AGEN.CIES ~ ~- - GOC, FCDA, CAA., FCC, •re. ... . . ~- . . 

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REF ID:A39254 

8iaJRl'l'Y IllF-ORMAT:E91 

SECRET 

ADC - ROAF - AAC - NEAC RELATIONSHIPS 

. . 

AT THIS TIME, I WOULD LIKE 'l'Q MENTION THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES \l!TH RESPECT TO AIR DEt 

FENSE AND OUR RELA.TIONSHIP WITH THE ALASKAN AIR COMMAND AND THE NORTHEAST AIR COMMAND. THE AIR DEFENSE COMMAND COORDI-

. . NATES VER! CI.MEI:! T"1ITH THE CANADIAN AIR DEFENCE COMMAND, AND mE RESPECTIVE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS OPERATE PRACTI~LLY AS 

ONE. ·BUT THERE ARE LIMTTATIONS WHICH MUST BE ONRVED DUE TO INTERNATIONAL CO]'\f?LICA'l'IONS. THERE ARE "TWO COORDINATED 

SlSTOO" RATHER THAN "ONE INTEGRATED SYSTEM". OPERATIONAL CONTROL MUST BE MAINTAINED BY THE APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL OF THE 

COUNTRY IN, OR OVER WHICH, THE OPERATION IS TAKING PLACE. 

. ·THE ALASKAN AIR COMMAND AND THE NORTHEAST AIR COMMAND COORDINATE CLOSELY T·'ITH ADC; BUT THE FULL CAPABILITIES .OF 

THESE COMMANOO CAN NOT BE DIRECTLY APPLIED TO DEFENSE OF THE UNTTED STATES. THE ENEMY CAN READILY AVOID THESE AREAS Br 

PROPER SELECTION OF ATTACK ROUTES. 

IR THE WILDING OF THE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS - LOGIC, PRIORITIES AND MEAGER MEANS mc~ATED DEVELO~T fRDM THE PRIME 

TARGETS OUTWARDS. THUS, WE EVOLVED ISLAND T!PE SYSTEMS SUCH AS ALASKA. EXPANSION OF THE SEPARATE S1STEMS HAS NOW 

BROUGHT OUR PLANNING TO THE CONSIDERATION OF NORTH AMERICA AS A WHOLE. EVENTUALLY, THERE MUST BE ONE INTF.GRATED Am 

DEFENSE SYSTEM FOR 'DIE WHOLE CONTINENT. 

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SECRET 

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REF ID:A39254 

COMMAND RELATIONSHIP ~ FOR 

DEFENSE AGAINST 

AIR ATTACK 

- - - - -- - - - --- -- -- -- -~-- ~,.....~ --- ~ :--- ----------~ 

USAF ,, 

AIR DEFENSE COMMA D 
REF ID:A39254 

MISSION OF ADO 

THE MIS.SION ASSTGNED THE AIR DEFENSE COMMAND IS TO: 

(1) PROVIDE AIR DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES. 

- - (2) SUPPORT THE EMERlF.NCY OPERATIONS OF STRATEGIC AIR CO*AND AND THE MILITARY AIR raANSPORT 

·· ·. ;<Sll:RVICE • . " . ·~ 

~ ... "·(jy -;~o~-~PARTICIPATE IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE COLLATERAL MISSION OF AN'f.I-SUBMARINE 

:- .: ·.,.;. .. ·~. ··.- .. . ' -... • I ' .. •: • 

'·1ARFARE. 

HOtoJEVER, CERTAIN ESSENTIAL GUIDANCE HAS t:e:T TO BE PROVIDED TO ALLOT'1 ADC TO PROPERLY ACCOMPLISl;l '!HIS • . . . .. 

;MISSION. FOR EXAMPLE: . . :. 

A. THERE IS NO FULLY APPROVED PRIORITY LIST OF TARGETS TO BE DEFENDED. .. 

B. HOW MUCH AIR DEFENSE SHOULD. WE PLAN FOR? SHOULD WE STRIVE FOR SO% KILL OR 9.S~ KILL? FOR ONE 

, THING • THE ECONOMICS OF '!HIS CANNOT BE EVALUATED BI AOO. GUIDANCE MUST COME FROM HIGHER ECHELONS OF OUR 

. GOVERN.MENT. 

6 • 

S!!JfJJRlff HW~!'If!f . 

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REF ID:A39254 

ADC MISSION 

I. PROVIDE· AtR -DEFENSE OF THE UNJTED STATESW ·. 

2. SUPPORT. EMERGENCY OPERATIOf\JS OF SAC. AND MATS. 

-. 

3~ PARTIClPATE IN USAF CO~LATERAL MISSION OF ASW . 

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REF ID:A39254 

8Eemtfft Ilfti'OMmT:tOlf mrrJcrm 

BASIC AIR DEFENSE ORGANIZATION 

·THIS CHARI' ILLUSTRATES THE ORGANIZATION OF THE .Am DEFENSE .COMKA.ND AND 'l'HE ARMY .ANTIAIRCRAFT COMMAND FOR AIR 

· DEFENSE OF THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STA TES. THE AIR DEFENSE COMMAND, 1o1T'l'H ITS 'HEADQUARTERS· IN COI.DRAOO, HAS THREE 

MAJOR SUBORDINATE COMMANDS - THE EASTERN, CENTRAL, AND WFBTERN AIR DEFENSE FORCES. EACH OF THESE DEFENSE FORCES 

IS FURI'HER SUBDIVIDED INTO AIR DIVISIONS. THE ORGANIZATION OF ~ ARMY .ANTIAIRCRAFT COMMAND IS OEm:RALLY PARALLEL. 

WHILE NOT SH01"'1f ON THE CHART, THE CLOSE ASSOCIATION HERE DEPICTED IS CARRIED ON OOWN THROUGH .THE LOWER. ECHELONS, 

WITH AA BRIGADES OR GROUPS WORKING WITH AIR DIVISIONS, AND BATl'.ALIONS WORKING WITH ASSOCIATED AIR CONTROL AND . . 

WARNING SQUADRONS. 

'l'HE RELATIONSHIP ~TALL ECHELONS IS INTIMATE, WI'IH COMMON DOCTRINE AND COMMON UND~TANDING. RULES OF ENGAGEMENT ARE womool:o~T MUTUALLY.WITH Tm: AIM OF ACHIEVING THE OPTIMUM FROM ALL WEAPONS AVAILABLE. 

AT PRESENT, THE ARMY AND THE AIR FORCE HAVE AN ORGANIZATION WITH FORCES SPECIFIC.ALLY ASSIGNED FOR AIR DEFENSE 

OF THE UNITED STATES. THE U. s. NAVY COOPERATES IN PROVIDING FORCES 1.ffiEN AVAILABm, · 'lllRaJGB TBE T~ SEA FRONTIER . . . 

HEADQUARTERS. COORDINATION IS ESTABLISHEDJ AND STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURE'S ARE TESTED ".RE:Qt_JEN~LY IN JOINT - i:. 

i EXERCISES. 

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REF ID:A39254 

ORCANIZATION-CEOCRAPHICAL SUBDIVISIONS-

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34 . 

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iiWW••rnt' .. ....... _,..., .. ____ _ ................ ...-. ........... ~ . ................ lllllli ........... ._... 

............. -.... .. ..-. 111---
REF ID:A39254 

ADC ORGANICATION - I 

. . . . THIS CHART ILLUSTRATES THE TlPE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUR~ USED BY AIR DEFENSE COMMAND. A TOTAL OF ELEVEN DIVISIONS 

AND EIGHT WINGS ARE ASSIGNEDJ H0'•7EVER, ONLY TWO TYPICAL DIVISIONS ARE SHOO HERE DUE TO SPACE. LIMITATIONS OF THE CHART. 

• I 

PRIOR TO THE.AOOPTION OF THIS TrPE ORGANIZATION IN FEBRUARY 19$'3,.THE COMMAND HAD UNDERGONE A SERIES OF REOIDANIZA- . . . 

TIONS WITH THE LESSONS LEARNED BEING A'PPJJIED HERE •. BASICALT~Y,_ THESE LESSONS WERE: · 

A. THE DIVISION COMMANDER SHOULD HAVE CONTROL OF ALL ADC TOOLS IN HIS AREA WHICH ARE NECESSARY FOR . ACTIVE AIR . .. 

DEFENSE. '!HIS INCLUDES '!HOSE ADC BASES WHICH HAVE FIGHTER SQUADRONS THEREON. 

B. ONE MAN ON EACH. AOO OPERATED BAc:;E SHOULD, TA7I'IH MINOR J!!XCEPTIONS, HAVE COMMAND OF A~L OF THE ADC UNITS 

LOCJ\ TED THEREON. 

Ce WINGS SHOULD BE INJECTED BETWEEN DIVISION AND OPERATING UNITS 1.JHEN A REASONABLE SPAN OF CONTROL IS EXCEEDED. 

FOR OUR PURPOSE, THE MAXIMUM SPAN IS ABOUT 16 UNITS. 

OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THE FIGHTER AND AC&WUNITS IS EXERCISED DIRECTLY BI DIVISION~.LEAVING THE WINGS AND AIR 

DEFENSE GROUPS RESPONSIBLE FOR ADMINISTRATION, TRAINING, AND SUPERVISION OF LOGISTICAL SUPPORT OF THEIR SUBORDINATE 

UNITS. THOSE FIGHTER SQUADRONS SHO'-JN AS BEING ASSIGNED DIRECT TO wnm OR DIVISION ARE LOPATED UPON ANOTHER COMMAND'S . . . . 

BA.SE IN A ~ANT STA'I'.US• THE AIR DEFENSE -GROUPS ARE THE OPERATING AGENTS FOR ADC-OWNED TACTICAL IW3ES. THIS GROUP 

ORGANIZATION· IS ILLUS'IRATED ON THE NEXT CHART. 

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SQDNREF ID:A39254 

DlV 

DEFENSE 

FORCE 

-·Aur 

DEE GP. 

A oc· 

-~· -/" 

DEFENSE 

FORCE 

DIV 

DEFENSE_ 

FORCE 

DIV 

A.CW 

$QCJN_ 
REF ID:A39254 

ADC ORGANIZATION II 

SHOWN HERE IS THE OtDANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF AIR DEFENSE GROUPS WHICH OPERATE A MAJORI'l'I OF OUR . . 

BASES. 'IHIS IS A Tto UNIT WTIH THE T/D AUGMENTATION VARI'ING WITH THE WORKLOAD. CERTAIN OF OUR LARGER 

BASES, SUCH AS HAMILTON, Mc~ORD, S~LF~OOE, ETC., ARE OPERA.TED BY A LARGER AIR DEFENSE G~OUP -- IN 

THIS LARGER GROUP, THE FUNCTIONS OF AIR POLICE, FOO~ SERVICE, MOTOR VEHICLE, ETC., ARE Pfi.:RFORMED BI 

APPROPRIATE SQUADRONS RATHER THAN FLIGHTS AS SHOWN~. 

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REF ID:A39254 

MAT EA EL. 

SQDN 

INSTALLA"f.IONs 

,-IEL.D MAINT. 

USAF 

INFIAMARY 

BASE A/C MAINT 

TAANS A/C MAIN1" 

• 

.AIR BASE 

SQDN 

· AIF't l*CUC£ 

FIX.COMM. 
REF ID:A39254 

8J!:SURI'l!f M9RHl.t'l'I91 

SECRET 

VALUE OF WARNING 

THE BASIC PRJ:REQUISI'l'E FOR THE EFFECTIVE PREPARATION AND OONDUCT OF AIR DEFENSE, AS IN ALL MILITARY OPERATIONS, IS 

THE AVAILABILITY OF TIMELY AND ACCURATE INTELLIGENCE. 

GIVEN THIS INTELLIGENCE, THE EXPLOITATION OF THE INVALUABLE ELEMENT OF SURPRISE Tol'ILL BE DENIED THE ENEMY, STRATEGIC 

AIR COMMAND WILL NOT Bl!: CAUGHT ON THE GROUND; - THE AIR DEFENSE FORCES WILL BE IN A MAXIMUM OPERATIONAL STATUS; - ESSll:NTIAL 

IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES r..x>ULD BE IN EFFECT; - AND CIVIL DEFENSE MEASURES CAN BE MORE READtt;Y· A006t-WLisHED. . . . . . ,... . • P' • •• - .,-

THIS CHARI' ILLUsrRA.Tl!:S THE BUILD-UP IN FIGHTER STRENGTH PER TIME OF WARNING. AFTER NO~L DUT1: HOURS, IT"_ NOW TAKES o I o .. 0 

. . . AT LEAST ONE HOUR AND THIRTY MINUTES TO GET THE MAXIMUM ADC FORCE INTO ACTION. THIS IS MUCH TOO LONG AND IS DUE TO 

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AND To· THE FACT THAT '!HE GREAT MAJORITY OF OUR CREWS AND KEY AIRMEN CANNOT OBl'AIN FAMILY Hdism 

' ON OR NEAR THE BASE. MANY HAVE A 20. TO 40 MILE DRIVE TO MAKE. TO REOUIRE CREWS AND KEY AIRMEN TO REMAIN ON THE BASE IN 

SUFFICIENT NUMBERS TO MAN AND SERVICE THE FULL COMP~NT OF AIRCRAFI', ON A 24-HOUR BASIS, WOULD RESULT IN PRACTICALLY NO 

TIME WITH 'i'HEm FAMILilS AND IS A QuESTION.ABLE DEMAND IN PEACE TIME. TO CORRECT THIS SITUATION - IS CONTAINED IN THE . . AIR FORCE FISCAL S4 · BUOOET REQUEST AN ITEM FOR MINIMUM ESSENTIAL HOUSING TO MEET THIS URGENT NEED. 

AI.SO INmCATED ON THE CHART IS AUGMENTATION FORCE BUILD-UP WITH INITIAL EMPLOYMENT IN PLACE AND '!HEN TIME FOR DEPLOYMENT. SIX HOURS IS AS YET SOMEWHAT OPTIMISTIC BUT WE ARE STRIVING TO PERFECT OUR PLANS TO ACHIEVE THIS GOAL. 

THE IMPORTANCE OF ADVANCE WARNING THRQUGH EFFECTIVE INTELLIGENCE OBVIOUSLY CANNOT BE OVER EMPHASIZED, BUT THE FACT 

REMAINS THAT AT THE PRESENT ~4E CANNOT DEPEND ON SUCH WARNING AND MUST PLAN FOR ONLY 'nIAT WARNING GENERATED BY THE AIR . . 

DEFENSE SYSTEM ITSELF. 

• 10 

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T, 

REF ID:A39254 

9.: 

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FlQRG.ftS.:· THATr 

WJuU.. B:NGAtut 

HQl:IRS· 

9ECRl!:"I" 

.. - FOR·CES~ OF ~.. -- .. 

:OTl-itER · COMMANDS 
REF ID:A39254 

SESURI'l'I BJ19RHA!mH 

SECRET ......... 

AIR DEFENSE PROGRAMS 

HERE IS A COMPOSITE PICTURE .OF FACILim S PROGRAMMED, AND IN MOST CASES, nNDED Fql. AN ESTABLISHMENT SUCH AS SHOWN 

ON ~IS CHART WILL P11!WIDE A RELATIVELY MODEST AIR DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STA'l'.ES BY ABOUT 19.5.5. · THIS INCLUDF.s: 

A PERMANENT U. S. RADAR NET OF 7.5 SITE.S AND 18 CONTROL CENTE~. (LIGHT SHADE) 

A PERMANENT RADAR EXTENSION NET OF AT I.BAST 33 SITES IN CANADA AND OTHER APPROACH A~, 

.. •\ ... . ,.,.,,; 

A SEMI-MOBILE RAI4\R NET OF AT LEAST 79 SITES, PLUS SMALL LOW ALTITUDE GAP FILLERS. ·".(1fE~ DARK SHADE - IN U. S.) 

.PICKET VESSELS ON AT LEAST 10 STATIONS. 

AEW&C.AIRCRAFI' ON AT LEAST 8 STATIONS. 

A GROUND OBSERVER CORPS OPERA:TING ON A 24 HOUR BASIS IN CRITICAL AREAS AND ON CRITICAL APPROACHES. SMALL AUTOMATIC 

RADARS !!!,! REPLACE ALL OR PART OF THE GOC IN THIS TIME PERIOD. 

AN INTERCEPTOR FORCE OF AT LEAST 142.5 AW INTERCEPTORS (.57 SQUADRONS@:·2.5 ·pm SQUADRCW)_. 

ANTIAIRCRAFT GUNS AND GUIDED ROCKE'l5 FOR ADDITIONAL DEFENSE OF THE MOST CRITICAL TARGETS. 

IN ADDITION TO THESE BASIC REQUIREMENTS, IMFtJvEMENTs ARE PLANNED SUCH AS-: 

EOUIPMENT FOR AN IMPBOVED SYSTEM OF THREAT EVALUATION AND WEAPON ASSIGNMENT. 

IMPROVED INTERCEP'IDR ARMAMENT TO INSURE 110NE-SHOT"' DESTRUCTION. 

AN EFFECTIVE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM. 

PASSIVE DETECTION AND ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURE ECUIPMENT. 

A SECDRE AIRCRAFT IFF IDENTIFICATION SlSTEM--.. 

"'" . ·. ~. ·11 

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• . .

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REF ID:A39254 

,°':f~/;~,,~:'to'.::,6',' ,,, -{1'' ~ ', "" 'I' 

,~ eeeAe+ 1

' 

:14fcoAL OF PRESfNT 

'' ' ''._l ------~~~= 

PROGRAMS '~l" \l \i: :"',:{ ,""',;J~"-i,~:l~ 
REF ID:A39254 

THE FOUR BASIC ACTIONS 

FUNDAMENTALLY, THE FOUR BASIC ACTJONS OF ANY AIR DEFENSE ARE: DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, INTERCEPTION, AND 

DESTRUCTION. GIVEN ADEQUATE~ MEANS TO ACCOMPLISH 'IHESE ACTIONS, EFFECTIVE AIR DEFE~SE BECOMES A FUNCTION OF TIME •. 

THE TIME REQUIRED FOR IDENTIFJCATION1 INTERCEPI'ION AND DESTRUCTION, MUST BE LESS THAN THE TIME ~TWEEN INITIAL 

DETECTION UNTIL BOMB RELEASE LINE. ALL AIR DEFENSE COMMAND EF:mRTS ARE DIRECTED 'l'Q!''1ARD THE ULTIMATE IN THESE 

FUNCTIONSJ THAT IS, '!HE RA.PJD, ACCURATE, ONE-SHOT DESTRUCTION OF HOSTILE AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE'S. 

THE FIRST OF THESE ACTIONS -- DETECTION·-- IS LOGICALLY ACCOMPLISHED BY THE RADAR DETECTION NET. IN THE 

CASE OF L01•J FLYING AIRCRAFT, INITIAL DETECTION MAY BE ~DE BY THE GROUND OffiERVER CORPS. INFOID-'.ATION ON AIRCRAFT DETECTED IS IMMEDI.ATELY FOlf~ARDED TO THE AIR DEFEN~E DIRECTTON CENTERS '·•lHERE JT rs ASSIGNED A TRACIC 

NUMBER AND BECOMES A PART OF THE INFORMATION PROCESSED BY THE DIRECTION CENTER IN THE OONDUCT OF AIR DEFENSE. 

NOT4', '!HE PRESENT AND PROGRAMMED MEANS TO AOOOMPLISH EACH OF 'l'fw.SE FOUR BASIC ACTIONS WILL BE OUTLINED • 

• 

FIRST 1 DETECTION. 

12. 

• 

• ~. 
REF ID:A39254 

DETECTION IDENJIFICAT10N. 

,,,- . 

• 

,_ 

• 

~ DESTRUCTION 

~ ,, -~·~_,,,,. .,I,,._ -

.~ 

+ ... ( 

A. ...... 

~ 

~ .......... 

...... ._... ...... .. .,,, 

-..~~--- ..... -~------­

c. ......... - ......... ---...-.. ...................... _____ ,. ....... --. ....,...,._ .. ,... ......................... 

• 
• 

REF ID:A39254 

SEl0~Pl'¥ IHFORMA'H9M 

SECRET 

PER1'.fANmT RADAR NET (THEORETICAL COVERAGE) 

THE PERMANENT UNITED STATES RADAR NE'r CONSISTS OF SEVENTY-FIVE SITES AND ELEVEN AIR DEFENSE CONTROL 

CENTERS. ·DOTS INDICATE THE RADAR STTF.S, AND ~ .. THE AIR DEFENSE COJTROL CENTERS. ALc;o INDICATED IS THE 

THEORETICAL .!!!Q!! ALTITUDE COVERAGE. 

THE DEPLOIMENT OF THESE RADARS WAS BASED UPON MANY FACTORS, INCTUDING LOCATION OF CRITICAL TARGETS, 

PR~BA.BLE ENEMY ROUTES OF APPROACH, TERRAIN, ETC. 

ALL OF THESE SITES ARE PRESENTLY OPERA.TING ON.A 24-HOUR BASIS, BUT MA.NY DO NOT YET HAVE THEm FULL 

COMPLEMENT OF EQUIPMENT • 

13 

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SEC'HRTTY J;)li!QRHl'i'J:etf 

.e 

• 
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ercprr 

RADAR DEPLOYMENT 

•• 
REF ID:A39254 

iEGYRPl'Y INPeRMi'fEOB . 

SECRETCALIBRATED RADAR 

SUPERIMPOSED ON THE PREVIOUS CHART IS THE PRES~T CALIBRATED COVERAGE OF THE PERMANENT SITES. THE OUTER 

IRREGULAR LINE INDICATES COVERAGE Af50,jooo FEET AND THE INNER SHADED PORTION .COVERAGE AT S,000 FEET. THE 

DOTTED LINES DIDICATE 301000 FEET COVERAGE FROM T'"10 SEMI~MOBILE SITES NOW OPERATING. 

FROM THIS, YOU CAN SEE THE APPROXIMATE ACTUAL RADAR COVERAGE THAT T•JE HAVE TODAY. NOTE THE LIMITED 

COVERAGE AT S,000 FEET • 

... 

14 

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SEl9ffRH'Y INF9HMA'fI9W 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

.RADAR DEPLOYMENT 

·e 
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RADAR COVER LlMI'fATIORS 

~. 

. · IN ORDER TO ~RtFY WHAT WE MEAN BY COVERAGE AT A SPECIFIED ALTITUDE, THIS CHART DEPICTS A .VERTICAL . . 

CROSS-SECTION OF· THE ROTATING ~GE PATTERN OF TWO RADARS B4.SED 190 MILES !~ART. TBIS _IS Tr?ICAL OF 

OUR PERMAHEBT 'RAPAR NET. THIS DRAwIHG IS NOT TO SCA.LE, BtJ'l' DESIGNED 'l'O ILLUSTBATE THE IDA AL~TUDE GAP 

WHICH RESULTS FROM RADAR IMPUJ1;ES, IN THE LOWER LIMIT, BEING CONFINED TANGENT TO THE EA~'S SURFA_CE RATHER 

THAN THE DESIRED FEATURE OF. FOLIDWING THE ClJRVA'I'tJRE OF THE EAR'IH. OBSTRUCTIONS SUCH AS MOUNTAINS FURTHER . . 

INCREASE TBE DEA:D SPACE. .AN OBVIOUS SOLUTION IS, OF COURSE, MORE RADARS, BUT LARGE NUMBERS WOULD BE 

REQUIRED AND THE .. PRICE OF PRESENT TYPE RADARS T•1f'ULD MAKE ~ C<IJT PROHIBITIVE. 

' . ' : ... :'•I ·• ... ..· .:::. il 'r.•' 

·. 

·' 

: 

. . -

·e 
REF ID:A39254 

RADAR COVERAGE LIMITATIONS 
REF ID:A39254 

AC&W STATION 

THIS SHOWS A TYPICAL ISOLATED RADAR SITE. THE ONE DEPICTED HERE IS AN .AIR DEFENSE 

DIRF.CTION CENTER WITH CPS-6 RADAR. TO KEEP THIS TYPE SITE OPERATDJG AT A 24 HOUl/DAY RA.TE 

FOR SURVEILLANCE AND FIGHTER CONTROL REQUIRES .All)UT 42 OFFICERS AND 3hS AIRMEN. 

THIS TYPE SITE COSTS ABOUT es.000,000 COMPLETE, DEPENDING UPON LOCATION. 

16 
REF ID:A39254 

.... 

.......... 

AIRCRAFT CONTROL 

a WARNING STATION 

················· 

• 

~MILY HOUSING AREA 

ER 

SUPPLY 

INTENANCE 

CENTRAL HPTING PLANT 

... ·· 

. .. ····"· 

.· 

.· ,• 

.. ··· .·· 

... ... 

,· 

.. ···· ,•' 

./,.// 

--
,_ 

REF ID:A39254 

~Eemtf 'f'Y Hft'OHMA:ffotf .-

-SECRET .- - _ .. 

. RA.DAR EXTENSIOif···PROGRAM ·.· ·. -.; . .. .. - ~ .. 

- .·- - . -SHOWN-ON· nrls-CltART·,IS- TJIE THEORETicAL maw, OF· _THE--~ROG~~ll CANAffiAN AND~-NoRTHEA.ST AIR c~ 

':RAU~~ NETS. Tim;SE-SEPARA~ RA~AR ~s- A~-~ELY -~~RnrNATED Tfl~ THE u. s. RADAR' m AND~ I~ EFFECT, 

.. ·- SERVE' AS AN EX'l;'~SION OF, Tl_IE u~ _s. NETWORK~:.·-. -: - -. .. 

- . THE LARGE GIRGLF.S IW:JI'.CATE THE SI.TES i.ffiI.CH-wILli_- BE- ~~D INITIALLY BY u. S;_J.'.'E!SONNgt. ··- .. 

THE rors :rNn1cATE- PRESENTLY oPERATING -Min ·Paoo~ ~c.ANAnrM-i ~I-T!s. . - - THE TARGET DATE FOR HAVING ALL SITES _TECHNiqALLY EQUIPPED WAS ;L •JULY OF LAST YEAR. AS OF THAT DATE, 

.ALL mE RADAR GEAR -truf sUPPos:ED ·To HAVE BEEN m -PLACE AND CAPABLE oF ·oPEiiATioN. IT ts Now APPARENT THAT 

~ ~ 

THIS ..PROGffj\M mm;. i;m: ABOUT.TWO YEARS.BEIHND SCHEDULE, DUE PRIMARILY TO EQUIPMEN.T-PRODtjCTION·DE-I:iAYS. THE·· · - - -· - - -.::.--~ ~·- ---· - .... .. ...... - --:.: - ,.,. .. - ··: .. ,.;" . .,,, ... .:-:,~ ... -:..: -- .- -~ .. ~·-'" ..... :. '",! ':. ... i ,_-- -· - - .... ~ .... __ .. _ .. ·--··-- ~ - _... ·-

:· · .~,-·.. · -··DELAY IN. TBE-AG.'l'IVATION. OF 'IHESE.SITES.1:S ALSe BEING-.AOORAVATED -BY·.TREMENDOUS'LOOISTIC 'COMMUNICATIONS MID ~ .. . ~ ,, "' . . ..... 

. JUs'i' .PLAIN LlVING: ~R~- ItfVOLVEJ! IN EST~~~Q. AND OPERA:TINq_: RAD4R SITES I~ _THE .. ~O~-,,NORTHERN 

/ REGIONS INDICATED. 

17 

SECRET 

- - -......... 

~ . .. .. (". .. ~, ..... 

~ 

.. ' 

·-
• 

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• 

REF ID:A39254 

RADAR EXTENSION PROGRAM· 

·. 

' 

1 

. I l 

I I 
r_ 

REF ID:A39254 

DOUBLE PERIMETER AIR DEFENSE 

IN CONTINUOUS STUDIES TOWARD D'PROVING THE .AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM, C<'NSID"ERA'!'ION IS GIVEN TO EVALUATION OF DAY-TO-DAY 

OPERATIONAL STATISTICS AND RESULTS OF AIR DEFENSE MANEUVER.c;. ALSO TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION ARE REPORTS BI SCIENTIFIC STUDY 

GROUPS, SUCH AS THE WEAPONS SYSTEMS EVAIDATION GROUP, THE RAND COJll>ORATION, AND 'PROJECT CHARLES AND LINC~LN •. · AS A RESULT, 

- -

THE THEORY OF DOUBLE PERIMETER AIR DEFENSE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. AN Aat'IVE AIR DEFENSE BAND OF AT LEAST 2.$0 MILES IN DEPTH ,_ 

IS ESTABLISHED AROUND THE fi:RITICAL~..pj,~ET AREA. THE FUNCTIONS OF DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, INTERCEPTION, AND DESTRUCTION .- ~ .. -:.~. . . ARE CARRIED OUT IN THl$-~BA-ND. TO ATTAIN THIS CAPABn,ITY, A OOUBLE PERIMETER OF PRIME RADARS, WITH SATELLITE GAP ·FILLERS, w~.;.: :. • • 

IS ESTABLISHED. THE INNER PERIMI'ER IS 70 MILES OUTSIDE OF THE TARGET AREA. 'lHE NEXT PERIMETER IS ANOTHER 120 MILES ·- ~ .. . . . 

FARI'HER OUT. INTERCEPI'ORS ARE LOCATED-.:0(-~s BAND FOR IMMEfilATE EMPLOIME~T. AIR TRAFFIC CORRIDORS WI'IH SECURITY REPORTING POINTS ARE ESTABLISHED THROUGH THE -BAND. 

THE DCIJBLE PERIMETER DEFENSE DOES NOT ELIMINATE DEFENSE IN DEPI'H THROUGHOUT THE TARGET ARJi'..AS - RATHER IT IS THE 

INITIAL. "MAIN Lnm::r>F RESTST.ANCE." 

FOR DETECTION. OF HIGH ALTITUDE ATTACKS,_ 'lJIE DISTANCE BE'l'WE~ RADAR SITES MAY BE SuBs'P.ANT~AL - (15'0 to 2.$0 MILES). 

FOR COvERAGE JX)l.JN_ TO .$,000 ~ET, A SPACING OF 120 MILES BETW~F.N SITES ON EAaI Pli:RIMETER IS ACbEP'l'ABLE. f<?R COVERAQE" OF 

ALTITUDES BELOW s,ooo ~ET, A REQUIREMENT EXTSTS F- THE DEPLOYMENT OF SMALL RADARS FOR GAP F):LLING wrm THEIR INTELLIGENCE REMOTED TO 'IHE PRIME RAD.AR SITE.S. 

18 

EiPJCTED 

SJ!iEH':JRFI'!' INP0RHA:ffeN 

• 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

=:-1-;.~l'ir~~SE-~~NO -1=1 ============-==-===-..... _ _,... __ ..,._.,...._ -------------- -._..,~.....,..._ 

:~!It .::' l~, · rPj},U~JE -~~~~~.E:Tif R fPF 'ffl~l!>lETu!t~QAttS. : tgOMM I ,f!l~Tu!/J!E N ·~R:l.~KlE1{S .,A~D .!l~O.!J\~l.f!l~~11Ji~N 1IAI!P.~S tQN:,~~CH:Eft.&RtME~T~R. 

~ '~~J-L 1MN.M~~.f4ED ;~RW.ABS·t~&~.o:r~o-,TO '!RRJ.~E·:~AP.~BS •,FiOR ·.l0W 

-.-: .~A.~rl:TLU,DE .&PM~~:~~GE ,f5i!II~W .~i9Jl0') 

1

·• F_IGH,T,ER 1§9.,U~Q~O~S .1PE·P~O~;f:D JN :!ftf!R·~~n;~R '.l0~E ,;AND .~IN 

'.f!E!. 1;AfiGET ;A~~A 

24 ij,9.VR G QC ~IN · ~~.~l,~EtER ·A~.EA 

~.D!Z JN f.ERl~E~:ER ~-R~A (A1L ,~LT"l[~p~S) 

'!=:- 1BA.FFIC 9P~if-89L M@JQP~S T~B9~PH ,_ PERIMETER .4REA '' "• ~. -a-, 

RES"'FRIC"'FEO SECURIT'1' IP'~FORMJ!LTIOP'<d 
REF ID:A39254 

SESYR±Tf m'O-.":J:OI 

SECRET 

PERMANENT .DD FIRsT PHASE MOBILE; RADAR 

AS INTELLIGENCE. SOORCEs INDICATED THE INCREASING CAPABTI.ITI oF m ENEMY ·ro PENETRATE AND·ATTACK AT tow·:ALTITUD!S . . . . . . : . - . 

THE LOW·ALTI'l'UDE GAPS IN THE PERMANENT RA.DAR NET, AS CONFIRMEP ·.Bl' ACTUAL CAT.iIBRATION,, CONSTITUTED· A -SERIOUS OOICIENCI .D 

THE SYSTEM. THIS DEFI'1:ENCY NECESS!TA~ REP~~A.'MMING .. -~ ;~~~D "'. .RADAR NET 

- ro ·tr.nriNATE .. THESE GAPS Br .~OSI~omo 

PROORAMMED SITES AND Il~STALLATION~ OF ADDITIONAL RADARS. 

SHOW' oi. '!HIS . CHAR'!' ARE THE' PERMA.~· SITES (SOLID Bi.A CK CIRCLES);,, TH}i:. Pij()G-D ·.CANADIAN s!TES. .· (:aor.,iow CIRCL]j:S),, . . . . . - . . .. ).,.,~ . 

AND .THE· PROGR.AMM!n FIRST PHASE soo-MoBrt!. . SUPPLEMENTARY - ·. .. sI~ ·{HATCHED crRc~>~· ·"IiES!·'cmyI.Es ,. . A~ ~cAL!:n. . ro ±~rirCA~ 

THEO~:{CAL COVERAGE.AT s,,ooo FEET. ONCE AGAIN, :ALL 'mESE SITES ARE NOT YET IN EXISTENCE.NOR WILL THE AC1UAL COVERAGE 

BE ~>~~~TE AS INDICATED AT. 'm~S ALTITUDE.· · . . . . . -~. . :~~". . :·· . . . . 

: . ... . . "'= '• • '•, I \ "' • ,. ' • 

'!'HIS .PROGRAM WILL PROVIDE THE INrlIAL STEP· FOR COVERAGE OF 'l'HE MQST IMPORTANT STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND BASBS; AND AS . . . . . . • '' • ~ ) ' ~ '• .J • ' • ' '• ' ' ,.. ' I ' '•, '· ¥ ~-:•',, • • • ;, o ' ~ '• • ' ' •• ~' -I 

SHowN ~ ·T!JE SOLID BLACTC LINE, mE. PARTIAL ACCOMPLISHMENT -OF A SYSTEM 9F DOUBLE AIR ·DEFENSE PERIMETERS AROUND ·THE .. . . . . . . -

NO~~-, ·NORTHT~T,, AND WEST COAST TARGET AREAS. SO.ME OF THESE SITES 1•1ILL BE <>PERA.TING _TRIS SUMMER AND THE MAJORITY 

SHOULD' BE COMPLETED BI SPRING .OF 19S4. : . ·. -· • "' • I 

: :·. 

·AS YOO-~ S~ BY TJ:IE BROKEN LINFS,, A REQUIREMENT EXISTS FOR MORE HA~ TO OOMPLETE THE.PERIMETERS. HOT! r • • .. • • ! • '" 

-. PARTictJLARLY '!HAT VITAL OOASTAL PERIMETERS MUST 'BE PROVIDED RADAR SURVEILLANCE THRClJGH THE PLANNED USE OF PICKET ... 

VEsstts i:ND" !m00aN! E.A_Rr.Y 'tlARNING AND coNTROJ .. ·AIRCRAFT. 

... . . . 

19 

SBEJURI'Pf INPORHA!IeN 

-.· ; 

-··a · ...• . ~ 

---··- ... -. - :"'...'' 

. . 

e. 
REF ID:A39254 

OEORE"F 

IM PHASE MOBILE PROGRAM 

"\ 
REF ID:A39254 

:.,eum:'f! 1M'O!M1LT!O'll 

.· . 

-;.:• - - • . . ,· ~ .-:· · SECUT ·. "-,. --· , .... 

'· .. . ... "- .. - .,.. .. "' ... 

SECOND~PHASE HOBI~ lll-DA~·-P.ROGRAM -..... . 

. - ... I •r ._ • ••• •"' • ,.'" .. ~:• .I:•· '"_.;~"' .... '" : .. • - .. ""l. ~ 'I 

.... -:.. .. -: .... l'I 

:,' I"' 

- .. - • t'" -

., ·~'WA.VY HA-fCHED_cnt~S .ni~CA:Tlt PROORAMMED POSITIONS OR THE 35' SECOND PHASE MOBii.$ RADAR SITES. THESE -. .. - .. r .. , -:. -· -

·sms .ARE POSITI'ONED :n{ A MANNER ·wm:CH INmruSEs THE SURVEILLANCE TYITslN THE .. OOUBLE. PERIMETERS Pfio.r.ECTINO THE I ,. r • '"' • '" • • • • 

. . CRITICAL· INDUSTRIAL AREAS~. THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN APPROVED BY HEADQUA aTERS USAF AND WILL BE IMPLEMENTED AS SOON - .. ... . :j.· .. . . ·-. - - " • -... - - .. 

... ,, -~,.:.As. .. ~,·.19umjEmii,.AND m:iso~_BECOJJE AVA~JJLI.":- . ·:··: ... - . ·-. ~--,·~··.. _ -~- -.:::- .. _. ~:t .. .-·--;,.."!'· ........... ~ _-.·.-· 5 . • - . '.~·.- -: .... e .--:·~~~;.::_ .. :_-:;~M:s~!-miWL!s~_.~ 'AUit>-sJ&i~·m.lkiiI~ATE 41tici~nc!L·!~al:i;tr\i;'Ei!:- :-. .,.-~ .. - . : . ·: -· . ,:·· ··; .. : ·._··;·-~>~:> ·--~~. ~~-~r.~·~_. · \ ·: :· .. : '·. . '. .· ... _· .. -- ··. '"; ___ ~: .. ' -··:~-· .. ~~- ... . . ~ _, . . ··~~~·f{~:;._.:- .:· .. _;~~~-··_ .. . · ~--~ ,. ; . ALTHOUG~. THIS ~CJHJ?- G~~t :,~E THE-~;~ :..RA~R::SliW~~'CE AND ~ TO PlJR~~ CLOSE' THE. LOW . ·.. . .~--,r~/~~ ·· · · _." 

·_· ··5~:·:-~~ GAPS~-~ GAPS ·~im:~-~'M'.iL·IN-:~s~~ THitriuo!oiffm -~uaLE :PERIMETER.~uAJi~--A.cRoss·-~1TAD-.. 1PP~im ·-.~ .. ~·.:_. :· ~;·~-.;~_:! -~~ .. : .: ·> ... ·- -.... .. . . ,,,.. .. -- 4 

··.: -ROUTES. .· ·· .. · .. 

•• ,.-•., • ~r ,.. '",.. ,,.... r •11 .. • • • I .,-..:, .. ._"•• : - .. r:::•' ., " • ,,,,."'•• •., ... ·•··.! .. ' 

. . . •. . . : .. DEVELOPMENT Is-m:nn VIGOROUSiiY ·PTJRSUEn TOWAlmr SOLvING THE 'tow· ALTITUD!: APPROACH' DITE.dT-IOH "PROBLEM' . ;, .. .· ... · .-. ,,. , . . . . 

EMP~ A RELATIVELY CHEAP SMALL AUTOMATIC RADAR CAPABLE OF PROVmINa ·5IJRvEILLANCE FRCJ.f ·THE SURFACE. TO • • ' • • -. • • r ,,. 

6,boo FEET FOR mSTANcEs OF 30 MriEs. 

_. 

......... 

20 

SECRET 
e 

e 

GEeAE"F 

REF ID:A39254 

SEeAET 

2ND PHASE MOBILE PROGRAM Q 

' 

! - ---- -:--..J- -------- --- ,L _________ J 

( 1

1 111 i ' 

! I : '-, -i"~ -- -·----f 

!1 ,1 ' ' 

1

\ l~llllllllllf _____ { 

f ' ~ 

l ' \ / ,J I / 

J I 

_,, ~ 
REF ID:A39254 

S!CU!lI'l't IRFORMATIOB 

SECRET. 

GAP FILLER RADAR· 

. . THE SM!LL IX:lTS INDICATE THE INITIAL PLANNED POSITIONS OF THE LOW A!:iTITUDE AUTOMATIC GAP FILLER TYPE 

RADARS. SOLID BLACK IN U. s. - HATCHED IN CANADA. APPROXIMATELY 300 wrLt BE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE THE DESIRED 

LOW ALTITUDE SURVEILLANCE. '!HIS PROORJ.M WILL BE IMPLEMENTED AS SOON AS SERVICE TESTS CAN BE CONDUCTED. ON . . . . . . 

SEVERAL DIFFERENT RADAR Sl!;'l'S UNDER .CONSIDERATION. UNTIL SUCH TIME .A~ T.JE HAVE SUCH RADAR DEVELOPED, INSTALLED 

AND OPERATING, THE ONLY PRESENT LOW ALTITUDE DETECTION MEANS AVAILABLE IS THE GROUND OBSERVER CORPS. 

21 

.SECRET 

S'-l8tJRI'l'Y DW'9RMfA'r91 

--
ei<'WRET 

GAP FILLER PROGRAM 

____ Q 0 ~ '~ .. ' ' 

-o 
REF ID:A39254 

GROUND OBSERVER SlSTEM 

AH D'l'EGRAL PA R'l' 01' 'fHE EXISTIBO DETECTION :NET IS THE GROUID OBSERVER CORPS. THIS S?STBM mm:NDS UPOH CIVILIAR VOLUR-

. . 

TEERS AID IS THE OIU 'MEA.BS HO'.r AVAILA.BLE FOR DETECTIOH OF ID•T FtnlG AIRCRAFT. ITS EFFICIENCY II TRIS MISSIOR IS IR DIRl!XlT .. . .. . 

PROPORl'IOH TO THE MAHNIRG ACHJEVED, THE SPIRIT ~ND ENTHUSIASM OF THI!: VOLUNTEERS, AND THE CONTINUAL 'IRA.INIIG EFFORT GIVEN BI 

THE Am.FORCE. 

THE SYSTEM IS OBOA.NIZED mo h9 ~s, EACH COHTAIRD'G A FILTER CENTER. mE P'ILTIR aERTERS ARE INDICATED BI DOl'S. 

EACH IS STAFFED WITH A SMALL P!:RMAJIENT AIR llORCE DETAcmm'T OF onPICBRS AND AIRMEll. THEY HAVE ml OOAL MISSIOR OF TRAINI?IJ 

THE S00 TO 1000 VOLUNTEERS TO OPERATE THE FILTER CZN"l'ER AND THE MANY VOLURmRS WHO SUPERVISE THE MANNIHG OF THE OBSERVA'l'IOI 

PCSTS.WITHII mE AREA. 

TO REACH THE IESIRED BP'FECTIVDESS, SOME 19,000 OBSERVER"POSTS ARD A MIHnmM OF HALF MILLION voUJNTEERS"ARE REQUIRED. . . 

OHt!' ABOUT ~ OF THE DQOIRED VOLUHmRS ARE RCN AGTIVELY PARTICIPATING. AS THE FULL m"BC'l' OF THE mJCA'l'IOH AND REcmJI1Dm PRooRAMS RCJI BEIIO LAUNCHED IS FBLT, THIS 'PERCD'TAGE SHOULD INCREASE SUBSTANTIALtl' • 

• 

THE DlRKER SHADED PORTI.OR IS THE AREA II WHICH THE SYS'l'EM BAS Bl!BR ON CONTINUOUS 2h-ROUR DUTY SINCE JOLY LAST. THE . R!'QUIREMDT FOR TRIS 2h-ROUR 'olA.TCR WILL CONTINUE UNTIL A MECHANICAL OR ELECTRONIC DEVT.CE IS ACTUALLY AVAILABLE AND HAS 

• 

PBDVED IT CAR REPLACE THE ms ARD "EA.RS OF THE BOMAR OBSERVER. 

22 
REF ID:A39254 

·GROUND OB:SERVER :CORPS 
REF ID:A39254 

ORGANIZATION ,. . 

THE GOC IS PRESENTLY OPERATED AS A VOLUNTEER AUXILIARY TO 'llra AIR FORCE. HERE IS '!HE PRESENT ORGANIZATION. 

NOTE THAT THE FILTER. CENTER IS THE ONLY PLACE IN Tim SYSTEM ~"1HERE WE HAVE ACTUAL INTEGRATED MILITARY-CIVILIAN 

EMPLO!MENT DURING AC'IUAL OPERATION. THE ORGANIZATION REQUIREMENT FOR AN AREA IS ESTABLISHED Br THE AIR FORCEJ 

THE STATES ARE THEN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RECRUITING AND PERSONNEL AJJfiNISTR.ATION OF THE VOLUNTEERS. THE AIR . 

FORCE THEN TRAINS THE VOLUNTEERS AND HAS OPERATIONAL CONTROL OVER THE SYSTEM. 

23 
e 

• 

REF ID:A39254 

GROUND OBSERVER CORPS 

MILITARY & CIVILIAN ORGANIZATION 

STATE DIR. 

ADC ··---·~------------------------------~ OF 

CIVIL DEF. 

AF 

STATE 

co-~c 

WADF CADF" EADF 

I 

AIR Dl·YS. • AIR DIVS. 

1 .. 

I 

I 

I 

f'ILTER CENTERS . XIDllllllllllOIXXll 

. -

OBSERVATION POSTS lllQlllllU~lll!lllUllllMlllllXlllQJXIJ 
REF ID:A39254 

SB0URf'l'f Bfii!ORMA'PI0N 

PICKET SHIPS 

COASTAL TARGETS SUCH AS NEW YORK ARE INDEFENSIBEL IF WE DEPEND .SOLELY m>ON A LAND BASED RADAR SYSTEM. WI!: 

MUST EXTEND RADAR COVERAGE SEAWARD TN ORDER TO PROVIDE TIME FOR Im~TIFICATION, INTERCEPTION AND DESTRUCTION OF 

HOSTILE AIRCRAFT BEFORE THEY REACH THE B>MB RELEASE LINE. THIS SEAT-TARD EXTENSION OF RADAR COVERAGE IS ALSO A 

REQUIREMENT FOR COMPLETING THE DOUBLE PERIMETERs AROUND CRITICAL AREAS. PICKET SHIPS, STRATEGICALtr LOCATED, 

TmtD NOT ONLY SERVE TO EXTEND RA.DAR COVERAGE SEA.WARD AS AN EARY,.~ ·WAmmlG DEVICE BUT WOULD, IN ADDITION, SERVE 

AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING FIGHTERS AND PROVImNG CORRIDOR POINTS F.ba: INB"lJND .AND OUTBOUND AIR TRAFFIC. . .. . . ........... .. . .. . . ·~"' . . . SHOWN ON '!HIS CHART IS A PROPOSED PICKET.SHIP DISPOSI'I'I~N, :BAS~· ON REQUIRED HIGH ALTITUDE COVERAGE AS. 

EXTENDED IN VERY DARK SHADE. THE LINED AREA INDICATES THE INCREASE'.'IN THE MAXIMUM POSSIBL"Jf; COMBAT AREA AGAINST .. . . . . . . . . .. ,· .. /=.:. . 

HIGH ALTI'IUDE ATTACK. MORE VITAL J;S THE GAIN OF CRITICAL ·TIME Br. P!CKET SHIP RADAR DETECTION OF LQt,7 ALTITUDE 

APPROACHES. PlCIQ!:T SHIPS ARE AT PRESENT ONE OF OUR MOST UIDENT ~UIREMENTS • 

• 

24 

Elf WCTED 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

PICKET SHIPS 

.. ---, /'~"'""' .... , \ ' \ \ 

f \ : 

: ~: I . / 

) 

,, .. ------___ J 

' ( _______ / 

: .,,,> J ./ 1· ,,,,.,'" ..... _ ....... " 

---·----, ,, 

',, 

~ -.................... __ ... _______ _ 

SEeRET 
I· 

REF ID:A39254 

A!RBomm ~ WARlfIBG AID COIITROL 

mE PROGRAMMED GROUND RADARS, AUGMERTID BY ~ USE OF PICOT SHIPS, Pll>VIDIS .J. RU.SJIABr.B RADAR 

. . DETECTION CAPABILITY. HOWEVER, WE STILL DO HOT HAVE SUFFICIEll'l' DBT!C'fi<ll RARGB TO J.t2UBVI DISIRID rm. 

PH>BABILIT! THROUGH PROVIDIHG 'DIE REQUIRED TIME FOR AIR COMBAT. ,. 

AIRll>RNE ~y WARNING On CONTROL HAS ALREADY :eJ:g ~ FEASIBLE OVER VI.DR. J.IkBOBD BARLr 

·'. 

WARNING AND CONTlioL AIRCRAFT COULD OPI!BATE BEYORD THE COVERAGE OF THE LAND BASED .AID PICDi' SHIP RADARS 

1i., 

A SUFFICIENT DIS~NCJ!: '.1'0 ALLOW THE INTERCEPTORS TO CONTACl TB! EDMf AT OR NEAR THE LlMIT OF TBBIR 

RADIUS OF ACTIOR. THE AIRBORNE EARLY. WA.RNIKG AID CONTROL AIRCRAFT, JS A REmJLT OF OPJ!&TI<llAL 

.CHARAC'l'BlllSTICS, WILL MATERIALLY ASSIST IN ALLEVIATIIG THE CRITICAL LC1il ALTI'.l'UDB A!TACI PRom·DL 

2s 

.. 

~ 

• 
REF ID:A39254 
REF ID:A39254 

SIClmI!.l'Y DU'ORXL'l'IOI 

SECRET 

SEA AND AIRIDRNE EARLY WARNING AlfD OONTROL 

SHOWN HERE IS THE INITIAL OPERATIONAL PI.Alf FOR THE USE OF BOTH PICKET SHIPS AND AIRB>RIE EARLY WARNING AND . . . 

CONTROL AIRCRAFT AS A MEANS OF PROVIDING THE ESSENTIAL EITENSIOlf OF '!HE RADAR COVERAGE SEAWARD. 

THI!: COVERAGE INDICATED ADJACENT TO THE SHORELINE IS AT 2,soo FEET AND FROM SHORE BA~:ED RADAR. PICKET SHIP 

RADAR COVERAGE AT 2,500 FEET IS INDICATED IN V!Rr DARK SHADE. AIRBORNE EARLY WARNING RADAR COVERAGE AT SOO FD!' 

. . IS IIDICATED BY THE L.l\.RGER CIRCLIS. 

ALTHOUGH~ P~R!' PDRPCSE OF~ ·IS ~ OOMPLETION ·OF -~.SEAWARD .EXTENSIOif .. OF THE IX>U~·~:oot 

. PERIMETERS' THE MOB:riiTI. OF · m:rS SYSTEM AttoWS: ·um ~DEPLO!M!NT ·:rF DOUIRED. FOR .EXAMPLE: WrTH. t LITTLB ·tr!RlfilfG. 

A SECOND BA.RRIER OF AEW .STATIONS rmt BE PUT .INTO OPERATION ON AN EMERaENCY BA.SIS TO EXTEND COVERAGE OUT TO ABoUT - ·. . . 

700 MILES. .. . . ; 

· 1HE AIR FORCE "PRESENTLY HAS CONTRACTED FOR S7 LOCKHEED. CONSTELLATION TYPE AIRCRAFT FOR THIS ;MISSION. SCHEDULED .. . . -

PRODUCTION· WILL PERMIT ORGkNIZATION OF THE FIRST SQUADRON· EARLY IN 19$h. ·THERE IS AT PRESENT ONE PICKET SHIP ... . . . 

ALLOCATED FULL TIME AND ONE· PART ~ ON • EAST. COAST. ABOUT TWENTY SHIPS ARE REQUIRED To MAN '!HE NEC!SS.AR!' TIN 

· STATIONS CONTINUOUSLY. 

26 

smtrr· 

8!SURH'Y Dffi10RMA'l'Rll 

.e 

• 
REF ID:A39254 
REF ID:A39254 

·SECRET ... 

PASSIVE DETECTION 

PASSIVE DETECTION METHODS INCIDDE DIRECTION FINDING AGAINST ENEMY AIRCRAFT RADAR EMISSIONS. RANGES CONSIDERABLY IN EXCESS OF RADA~ LINE OF SITE HAVE BEEN OBTAINED WITH EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT. 

ADC HAS RECEIVED 9 EXPERIMENTAL SETS AND HAS 'DIEM IHSTALLED IN THE NEW YORK, SEATTLE, AND SAN FRANCISCO 

AREAS. TWENTY-NINE SETS ARE PROGRAMMED. 

THESE EQUIPMENTS ARE DESIRED AT PERIPHERAL RADAR SITES TO EITHER DENY THE ENEMY 'DIE USE OF THIS NAVIGATIONAL 

RADAR OR INCREASE OUR "CHANCES OF DETECTION; AND ALSO, THEY WOULD BE OF GREAT VALUE IN. CASE THE ENEMY ATTEMPTS TO 

JAM OUR RADARS. 

27 

SECRET 

6Ei88'RI':PY Itfti'eftMtlPf ON 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

• 

• 

DETECTION 

..... - ___ .. ___ .,.... ____ , ___ r __ _ ---..---~ 

, ' I t 

~ I I 

---.:Ii.\_ \ \ . . 

\~ 

\ 

\ 

I 

\ . ----¥ ______ .., ___ .. _____ r---·-----_....1-----------1 l 

. \ ~ 

I ' ( t I l 

I I 

: l I I 

I I 

\ \ I I 

I I 

. ' \ " ~ ", I ' .. , \ I '..... \ .. ' .. , \ ,, I 

',, ,_} 

-~ 

( 

---2 ----- ---v 
REF ID:A39254 

.ADIZ 

- REIT IS mB 'PROBLEM OF IDD'l'Imtm TRA.'1' "1RICH HAS BDR DITJSCHD. 

IR ANY DEFENSE S!STEM, TIME IS OF 'PARAMOUlfT lMPOllTARC!: ABD IT THl!:m'ORE IS IRCOMBEIT UP01I 'IHI SYSTIM TO l'URIISR 

. . A MEARS OF RAPm ID!ITIP'ICATIOK OF D!T!CTED AIBCRAF? AS FRmRDL!' OR HOSTILI. lilEI WI RIALIZE THAT THIB ARI ORR 

2s,·oocf~:tRcRA.ft FLIGHTS A Dil' PROM FIELm WI'MD THE u. s. 14RERE THE CAI HAS F~CILITIES, WI cu SEE Tim MAGRl'l'ODI or 

'l.'H! IDENTIFICATION PffOBLIM 14HICH FAC!S US IR ll INITIAL SURPRISE ATTACK. 

ELEC'l'ROIIC IDaT.IFICA.'l'ION CA.RIOT B! Rl!:LDD UPOR A'l' '!HE PRBSDT '1'IME BECAUSE WE DO llOT HAVI A SIQJRI S!S'l'DI, ARD 

B!CA.USB IT IS AT PRISEN'l' · IMPRACTICABLB TO INSTALL D'F ON ALL <DlllRCI.AL OR CIVIL AIRCRAn' • TllJS mE AIR DIFl?lSI. S'!STIH 

MUST DBP TRACK or ALL PRIERDLY AIRCRAP'l' PDl'l'RATINO THE U. s. DD THCSE WimII CERL'J.D' CRITICAL A.DAS. TRIS IIVOLVIS 

THK ASSISTABCI ARD COORDID.'l'IOR or 'Ml CAA, 'DIE mPARTMDT OF TRAISPORT OF CABADA, ,ARD OUR OWi MILITARY FLIGHT SIRVICI. 

RAPID OORR!Ll'l'IOI OF FLIGHT PLUS FURNISHED Bf 'DIESI AGDCIES MUST Bl ACCOMPLISHED AID lllERI J'RIE'NDI;f IDBITIT! IS 10! 

ESTABLISHED, 'IHI N.UT ACTIOR, THAT or DTIRC!PTIOI, MUST BS TJ.DH. 

Mr CBAlr? SRM TD PR!SBRT Am DBFIHSE IDERTIFICATIOI ZONES OF THE U. s. AND CABADA. FRIEND~ AIRCRAFT USDO 

'l'HESi ZONES ARI Rl~IRED TO P'IL'I FLIGHT PUNS llf ADV'ABCE OF P!NE'l'RATIOI. THESB ZmES ARI, Bf 10 MDE, m UL~m. 

AS otJ4 PBOORESSIVI CAP.ABILITIES "'IA~RT, CHANG!..q ARD ADDITIORS 'atL Bl MADE UN'l'IL A S'!STIK IS ESTABLISRBD lilBDII 

UllCLIARED PENITRATIOR OOifSTITUTBS A HOS'l'IL! ACT. 

28 • 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

---1 AtR DEFENSE COMMAND f-l ________________ ___:::::::::::all!!l!iiilil!!!!!!!L..__ 

AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONES 
REF ID:A39254 

8Be&11£ft BIP0RMl!If>lf 

RESTllCl*ED.·~:· .. . ·. . . ~ 

. . .• ·.-··- -::· .. . : ~-- ,, ~· ... ., ' :· . -- . ... . · .., ' . . .,.,CORRIJ)Ol6. ·m Sad "'". ·.. . ' ~ • . ~ . · ·· . . 

~-?i"'';,-~·L~;;~:_::· :- '~. :; <-:~ "-~: : _ >.:. ::<- -::~ -_ -_;: L . ""?" -<:: ·~ _- - ;£~(_ -:::_' j~;~-,~~- '- -:_ '- ''_;: ;_, - : ';:~,>~i.. ,- " . -~ ":, .. :t:-·: ·., > ·=:--,-Bdm:jIIST 0. mm .mar mz. cdiamoBs :ACIOSS Tm: cWDfu ·BORDD-~· TB RAi>ID.- OOmlmoRs OR .• ~m ~Acffm. ··:··· · ... ·. :.:-::-:· -·:~:-· ... =~~-} --~=- .. ·-- ."'_: .. =::·- __ ...... -. -., .. ;• __ ,,.,·· . :_, .. ~---.--- .......... ~~.~;=- .·"' .:·:· :--~:-· ·.· .... · ·_. . .. . . : .. · .. ··':DG6ruTt~-=~ i'OW ~y TO ETA~·~·~.-~ WI FEIL.'~!:~ A:ij,us~:~ AIJIQUJ.ftJDll~CATIOI'.· 

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. ·.~~ ····±~~-~~ A~· s~fr·-~:-~· is~~· AT. m ~OFF. BABB~~.;:~ :SYS~~- mm Wl'l'IF ~-ifllOI,IBBA-·.. . . ·~ ~ ~~":·:'.!_ .... ~$r:~·.· •. , _. ·=-·~: .·:::. ·. •, .:_ ... .,.· • , .• 3,,•=..i:· -~(·>·~ . ..:,_. ... :.::.:·.,;.,:.,~· .. :~ ... _":.:·• · ..... ·. 0 

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ti- · ~:.~IeR:-<>T-~ .. ~::¥Jl:~·.~~~~t·4.ll'·• ~lf.~IS130~·~:~'.-~'IB.Rq~ .di-.-~ ~',r~ •. ~ii·. ·:-;:_-·.-: .... . ·.·~:. -.~· .... .. I • .. :--_ o ' o .. ~' • 'o o • ~~-- o.. .,. -~ ... :· ··::.~ .. =-~ '[.• -:• ' ,;'.~ • o o .._ .. "" ' ' ,,,. • • o ". •'-.: • :·- • • o ""'' -~ r-' "' ' ' ·.. ' • ol 0 ",: • 

.·· . . l!J.'T ROTE 'l'BI ·DO!l'S. ~ 'l'HESI 'RIPR!SEN'E· IDIR·-DO$FERS! zons WHICH .Aftlft(Elf :emm ESTA'BLISBBD AID· Ill wm:m ARTIAIRCIAl'.r . . -. . -. . . : . . _; '. - . -·. . . - - .. ·.·.. .. . . . : .... -... ~~... ·. . . .. - . ': .... . . 

·-- .· .-~~s~:~:-~~~ .. -~·~~~,.~-~.---·ctm> ~~ ~~}~~~ .. P~·~'~-~~.JIJ!.~~~ T9 ~ ~ 

'iaAIRST uicwm:~RaW'T. 'IHIS ~:'ooTaEit--~TEP' TAKEN TO··.niMw.m -PA~f-~·RESTarC~ORS OIJ ~FIB. oUR BASIC POLICf ·m TO· :. o 0 , • ' •, o ' 

0 

I " -, I o ' 

.~~r~ ~~ ~:~ T~Q .90:-TROL.'~~- ~: ~ :~~~· ~ --fJiL. }'llAPOIS. :A·~--~·. T~ ENG~~ .. ~ .. ~· ~CRT THQGE .. ~~-:-

CALLY ~m) TO PBDCEED mBOUGH THE imnnEn. AW&.··· : · · · · · · 

FOR EJmRG.CY. ~~ -~: 10~ HA~. A ~~TED:.:PL&i ·~ ~. SECIJRITY :~~L o~··A~ ·~~(: oow1tAs St!T. ms: PU.• • • ' '• ... • :. " : • ·.~ • • • • • ' • o,• • • • " • • •" :. • • • "• '• I • _., • • .;, ' • ' • • ••" t ' • • • • ' : 'l • 

;p~:rm:,s FO~.~- TIMPORiaY:·DIVDSIOl.OR oROUIJ)m· OF .ALL UIBSSDI'IAL-ClVIL AND MILITA.RI' .AIR TRAFFIC AND THEI A CAREFULIZ • . :.·f:. -.• • • .. - . - . . . • -

. mDULA!ID''YU3W OR .PRIOftr'I'f :FrJ;~." :1i;rs ACTION IS.ESSDTIAL TO THE~ oti'·~ .q~··IRVOLVBD AID,~ ~SSARY·.TQ . 

. AVdill ·OVm. SATOalTIOB. oF.-o1m ·nnrincATIOlf sYsTEH • .- 1BE PO~cY, Howlna~ IS TO PEmfr.T A OONTROLIED MAIIMmi Fi.ow OF Am 

TWTl:C ~:j. v·~~;~ ·P~T OF~ u~·-s·. I~ ~\'EAtz o~ .i. . ··:. . . . . • .~·.. . .. ! . ·. . . . . ....... . .-.: 

..:.· ... 

... RESilHCTED 

. :- . 

. ;· ·.- .- -. 

.. -·; .. 

• ,of ••• 

. ... --· 

.e ... :.. ~ . 

. . 

·.· 

9· 
• 

REF ID:A39254 

---1· A:IR GlEFliNSE COMMAND' I--------------'-------__.._____:~b£C!::?!!RE~1 =---

llCAIT 

91!!3itE I 

AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONES 

FIRST HOSTILE IDENTIFIED 

S.C.A.T. 

INNER DEFENSE ZONES · 

IN EFFECT 

SECRET 

• 12J 

()) 

111.cmi 

l'Nl>l• 

• .u.---~-....w· 

~..,...-,.au.. -..iuG'~ 

- ( ~ ~C"-.:llol~-7w1tll~ 

. ~ ----~!liiUT~. _. 1-., ::-=::::-i~- __ 1 ___ 1111 
REF ID:A39254 

SECRET 

ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICA TIOH 

THE BASIC IFF MARK X SYSTEM PROVID!S NO GENUINE IFF SEOURJTY BUT IT CAN AS..~IST CORRIDERABtI IR ALLBVIA'l'ItlJ 

THE IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM. OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE TO ADC IS ITS USE TO EITEND TR! EFFECTIVE RADAR RA.N_OE FOR 

·CONTROL OF IRTDOEPTORS. 

illlBClllllB mAllSPOllil!BS ARB AVAILABLB ll PlOll'llR .UllCRl1T. Mllll. I :nmml!OOATOR u+ ARB ROW DISDLLID 

AT 93% OF THE PERMA?m'T llAμAR STAV'ONS. 

RETROFITI'Dm' OF ALL FIGH'l'BR AND AIHINISTRATIVE AIRCRAFT, WITH EXCEP'l'IOH OF c-L.S•s AND c-h7•s (Nar SCHEDULED 

FOR RETROFIT) IS as:c OOMPLE'l'B. TH!: REMAINING 15% CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF" .ADmlIS'l'RJTIVE 'l'f'PES. 

'JBE SECURIT! AND SELECTIVI IDEN!'IFICATIOI FEATURE OF THIS EQUIPMENT IS STILL II 'DIE lEVELOPMERT STAGE. 

. . TRIS ll'EA.Tmm IS llSSENTIAL Tif ORDER TO IRCREASE THE SECURITY OF THE SlSTEM. 

• 

30 

SECR!T ·-· 

: -· SBeURl!Y IRPellfA'HeR 

. e· 

• • 

• 
• 

• 

REF ID:A39254 

IDENTIFICATION FRIEND.· OR FOE 

' 

MARK X SYSTEM 

NOW 

BEACON ASSIST ON INTERCEPTORS 

AIDS IDENTIFICATION. 

\. 

\. 

BEACON ASSIST. 

\. 

. \. 

\. 

' 

\. 

\. . 

EVENTUAL 

SECURE IDENTIFICATION 

·' 
REF ID:A39254 

-SECRET 

AIRBORNE INTP.:RROOATIOH 

THE AIR DEFENSE COMMAND HAS NO AIROORNE INTERROOATTON CAPABILITY. Br THIS I MEAN THAT IT IS 

IMPOSSIBLE FOR .AN AIRBORNE INTERCEPTOR PILOT Dl'JRING BAD T'JEATRER OR AT NIGHT TO DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN 

FRIEND OR FOE IN A MASS AIR BATTLE. EVEN THOUGH SEVERAL SYSTEMS ARE UNDER CONSIDERATION, NONE ARE 

PRESENTLY AVAILABLE, AND OUR INTERCEPI'ORS ARE WORKING UNDER.A SERIOUS HANDIC.AP UNTIL THIS EQUIPMENT 

IS AVAILABLE. 

THE E-9 FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM WILL BE THE FIRST PRODUal'ION FIRE· CONTROL S'!STEM TO INCORPORATE 

AIR-TO-AIR IFF. HOWEVER, THESE ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE AVAILABLE TO ADC UNTIL EARU' 19.SS. A 

RETROFIT PBOGRAM IN THE EARLY FIRE OONTROL SYSTEMS IS EXPECT.ED. 

31 

SECRET 

Sf!l9S'Ri'ff INli'0RMA'l'fON 

• 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

AIRBORNE INTERROGATORS 

• 

AT NIGHT OR IN OVERCAST 

_assn 
REF ID:A39254 

FREE SPA CBS 

UNDBR PEACETIME OONDITIONS THE '1'REMENDOUS .AMOUl'1' or AIR TRAFFIC IR THE VICMTY OF LA.ROE METROPOLITAR AREAS 

CA.USES AN IMPOSSIBLE IIIBN'l'IFICATIOI 'PROBLEM. THUS 'NECESSITATm Tim USE OF FREE SPACE AREAS. 

THIS cmRT DEPICTS THE SITUATION T"".['l'f!I'N THE 28TH AIR DIVISIO!f AREA SUR'Rommnro SAW FRANCISCO. '!'HE CHART 

IWDICATIS THE RADAR COVERAGE, THE FREE SPACE AND THE AIR IJJ5J!'ENSE IDENmICATION ZONE OOUNDARY. TRI!: DDISIOI 

. . 

COMMANDER IS MA.IRt!' C<8ERNED WITH PENETRATION OF THE Amz BOU'NDAR!'' THEREFORE, RORMALLY' RE CAN AFFORD TO TAD 

THE CALCULATED RISK OF DISREGARDIRO ALL RADAR AND GROUND OBSERVER INFOHKATTOI ORIOIRATIN'G WITHIN TB!!: FREE SPACE. 

mE DMSIOH OOMMAIDIR MAY ALTER THE LIMI'l5 OF, OR ABOLISH, '!HIS FREE SPACE AREA AS THE SITIJATIOB 

DICTATIS. 

.. 

32 

• 

• 
REF ID:A39254 
REF ID:A39254 

SECREt 

RULES OF ENGAGEMENI' 

AFTER IDENTIFICATION OF AIRBORNE OBJECTS AS HOSTILE OR OF QUESTIONABLE CHARACTER, INTERCEPTION BEGINS. TO PROVIDE 

. GUIDANCE FOR OPERATIONAL DECISIONS SUCH AS '"1HEN AND WHEN NOT TO OPEN FIRE, RULES OF ENGAGEMENT HAVE ~EEN PROMULGA'JS]). . "' . 

THESE INSTRUCl'IONS ARE IN EFFECT NOW. ALL AIR DEFENSE UNITS AND PERSONNEL HAVE BEEN 'THOROUGHLY BRIEFED IN" THEIR PURPOSE 

AND INTENT. 

AS NOTED ON THE CHART, AIR DEFENSE FORCES ARE AUTHORIZED TO DESTORY AIRCRAFI' IN FLIGHT WITHIN THE SOVEREIGN oommARIES AND '!HE COASTAL ADIZ's OF THE UNITED STATES ~oJHICH --: 

1. COMMIT HOSTILE ACTS. 

2. ARE MAINIP'ESTLY HOSTILE IN INTENT. THIS CONDITION IS DECL.L\.RED ~~1HEN THE PATTERN OF INCOMING UNIDENTIFIED 

AIRCRAFT, THAT IS, SIZE OF FORMATION, HEIGHT, SP~ED, DIRECTION AND/OR SIMULTANEOUS PENETRATIONS, INDICATE BEYOND A 

REASONABLE DOUBT THAT THE AIRCRAFT ARE f.f.ANIFESTLY HOSTILE. 

3. BEAR THE MILITARY INSIGNIA OF THE USSR, UNLESS PROPERLY CLEARED OR OBVIOUSLY IN DISTRESS. 

TO ASSURE DESTRUCTION OF THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ATTACKING AIRCRAFT, A FAMILY OF WEAPONS MUST BE USED. THIS IS 

NECESSARY FOR FLEXIBILITr, THE ADEQUATE COUNTERING OF MANI DIFFERENT ATTACK STRATEGIES, THE COUNTERING OF COUNTERMEASURESJ AND TO ASSURE INCREASING MASS OF WEAPONS AS THE ATTACKING FORCE NEARS VITAL TARGETS. THIS FAMILY IS 

INTERCEPTORS, LONG RiHGE MISSILES, LOCAL WEAPONS AND COUNTER-COUNTERMEASURES. EACH WILL BE DISCUSS~ AS WE PROGRESS 

THROUGH THE PRESENTATION. 

33 

·SECRET 

SJ!JeBRI'l'f INPOftMA:'l'feB 

·e 

-.... . ... 

.... ,.·--·· 

e· 
.e· 

.. . . . ' 

REF ID:A39254 

SECRET 

SEGURRl INFORIAllON 

ENGAGEM:ENT 

AIR DEFENSE FORCES ARE AUTHORIZED TO . . 

DESTROY AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT WITHIN. THE 

SOVEREIGN BOUNDARIES AND THE COASTAL 

ADIZ'S OF THE UNITED STATES WHIOH: 

·• I. COMMIT. HOSTILE ACTS. . 

.•. _·_,.· · _;. e2. ARE MANiFESTLY HOSTILE IN INTENT. 

. . 

.3.BEAR THE MILITARY. INSIGNIA OF THE USSR. 

l UNLESS. PROPERLY CLEARED OR OBV\OUSLY IN D\STRESSl 

SECRE1=-

SECURIJY INF8RMAJ18N 

......-. .. -.. 
REF ID:A39254 

Sl:SUR±'l'Y INFORMA:'ff0H 

SECRET 

FIGHTER DEPLOYMENT 

ALL WEAPONS MUST BE PROPERLY LOCATED IN ORDER THAT THE INTERCEPTION OF HOSTILE AIRQRAFT CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED RAPlpr.;r 

AND EFFECTIVELY. THIS CHART INDICATES THE PROGRAMMED DEPLOJMENT OF THE $7 INTERCEPTOR SQUADRONS ALLOCATED TO THE AIR 

DEFENSE COMMAND FROM THE AIR FORCE 143 WING PmGRAM. ALL SQUADRONS ARE TO BE EQUIPPED WITH ALL WEATHER INTERCEPTORS. 

THESE INTERCEPl'ORS WILL BE CAPABLE OF INTERCEPTIONS AND.DESTRUCTION OF HOSTILES IN ANY WEATHER, DAY AND NIGHT. AND, 

WHILE THE INTERCEPTOR IS ~LY COSTLY AND COMPLICATED, '.1'1iE BASIC DEFENSE FORCE MUST OONSIST OF THESE TYPES •. DAY 

FIGRI'ERS OF OTHER COMMANDS AND SERVICES WILL AUGMENT THIS FORCE AGAINST MASS ATTACKS IN GOOD WEATHER. 

WE'VE ALL DISCUSSED THE LONG RANGE INTERCEPTOR CONCEPT VERSUS THE SHORT RANGE, ~mg ONE CONSIDERS A GIVEN MONETARY 

CEILING FOR INTERCEPTORS, STUDIES SHOW THAT A GREATER OVER-ALL KILL1 PER DOU.AR, IS REALIZED IF INTERCEPTORS WITH RADIUS . . 

OF ACTION OF 3$0 - $00 MILES COMPOSE THE DEFENSE FORCE. THE BASIC REASON IS 'lllE "SNOW-BALLING" COST OF TRYING TO GET 

MORE RANGE. FOR EXAMPLE, - FOR THE SAME TOTA~ PRICE YOU CAN 1IJY A FORCE OF 1$00 INTERCEPTORS OF $00 MILE RADIUS OF · 

ACTION -- !!Q!. ONLY 800 - 900 WITH RANGES OF 800 - 1000 MILE RADIUS; AND, THE OVERALL KIU. CAPABILITY IS HIGH IN FAVOR 

. . OF THE LARGER NUMBER OF SHORTER RA.NGE INTERCEPTORS. 

. 34 

SECRET 
·.e 

.. . --~-

• 

REF ID:A39254 

--................ 

FIGHTER DEPLOYMENT 

7.., ... _ 

.

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REF ID:A39254 

SEWftil'! IlU'OftMA:T!Oll 

SECRET 

cmuumT FIGHTER IEPLO!HEllT 

SUPERIMPOSED OR THE PREVIOUS CHART' w.g HAVE THE DEPLOIMERT OF THE so SQUADRCE AS OF JUD mrs YEAR. 

mE h F-Sl SQUADRClfS ARE INDICATED BI THII LINED CONCENTRIC CIRCLES. THFSE AIRCRAFT ARE THE PROPELLER 

DRIVD MUSTAifG FIGHTERS OF WORLD WAR II, AND LACK '!HE PERFORMANCE CHARA:crERrSTICS REQUIRBD; BUT THEY ARI 

CER'l'AIILY BE'ITER THAN ROTHDG. 

THE UNBROKER HOLLOW CIRCLES REPRESENT 17 SQUADRONS EQUIPPED WITH OTHER TYPE JET AIRCRAFT. THEY ARE VER! . - CAPABLE FIGHTER AIRCRAFl' BUT THEY ARE .!Q! EQUIPPED FOR OOMPLET!LY ALL-WEATHER OPFlU.TIOH. 

THE BBOoN HOLIDTH CIRCL!S DDICATI THI 29 SQUADROHS EQUIPPED WITH ALL-WEATHER AIRCRAFT.·· ALl:.-WIATHER 

FIGHTER INTERCBP'IDR AilCRAF.l' AR!: DFSIGNED FOR. THE Am OO'ENSE 'COMMAND MISSIOH Aim ARE CAPABLE OF IR'l'ERCEPTIOH AID 

DESTRUCTIOB OF 'BIB TARGET SOLE!!' BI IISTRUMENT FLYING. IN.ADEQUATB PRODUCTION OF THESE AIRCRAFT THUS FAR, LlMI1S . . . 

mE NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT II THFSE SQUADRONS TO ABOUT 12 INSTEAD OF 2S EACH. 

THIS FIOH'l'ER FOHCB WILL smmtr BECOME MORE PO'l'EN!'' HOWEVER, WITH RECEIPT OF NEW ALL-W.U.TBER JETS • . \. 

3S 

SECRET 
REF ID:A39254 

FIGHTER 

---..... ____ _ 

----------

f) 

• 

5'GAR t~GYRIH' INFBllMATIBN 

'\., 

\ 

\, 

\ 

\ •. ,,._'-.; 

sceft!'f :5EC"AIJY lllFBRMATl8N 

DEPLOYMENT 

-------r---

8 j,.,Ir'~>-
REF ID:A39254 

.. 

FIGHTER ATRCRliP'l' INVENTOR! 

.• . 

HERE IS THE AIR IEFERSE COMMAND FIGH'BR AIRaw'l' INVEl'l'ORY OF 1 JULY LAST !EAR, AID PROJECTED TO 1 JULY 19S4. 

THE 'l'OP BRODI LDE INDICA ms '1'HB REQUIREMENT BASED Oii 2S AIRCftAFl' P'OR EACH SaJADROll AU'l'RORIZBD. 

AT THE BOTmM ARE THE ALL-WEATHER JET IITERCEPl'OR AIRCRA.Fl' WHICH Alldil ESSENTIAL ro m ACCOMPLISHMENT 01 OUR 

MISSIOB. OUR PRl!'SENT UNEHVIABLE POSITION IS DUE TO THE llfELL IIIOWI' ~RODUCTIOR DELAYS. '1'HE DROP INDICATED WAS DJE TO 

A SQUADROR TRANSFER-OVERSEAS, AND TO 'DIE WITHDRAWAL FOR MODIFICATION, OF ALL THE IORIHRO'P r-89 AIRCRAft. 

mE MIDDLI fHADBD BLOCK DlDICATES OTHER JETS AID THE TOP SHADED BLOCK CONVENTIONAL FIOHTDS. TH&SE WILL ALL Bl 

REPLACED EVER'l'UALL!. 

THE SPACE lB'l'WimN THE TOP BRODN LillE ARD THE SOLID LIRE INDICATES, OF ~' mE INVENTOI! SHOR!AOE. 

BOW, LET'S LOOK AT THE ALL-WIA.THER PICTURE BASED OK OUR ACTUJL REED RATHER THAI OR AIRmAl'l' AUTBORIZATIOI. 

TO ACCOMPLISH THE .ASSIOBIID MISSIOR, WE SHOULD HAVE TODAY, l.42S .ALL-WEATHER FIOHmRS. PROJECTED IIVIRTOHr 

FOR J1JIE INDICATBS WE WILL RAVE 372 ALL-WBA.THER FIOHTEBS •. THIS IS ONt! 2~ OF OUR HEEm. 

•• 
SE:G~ET 

REF ID:A39254 

FIGHTER AIRCRAFT INVENTORY 

1600 

1400 

1200 

1000-...-

800 

600 -

400 

200 

00 

I JULY 

1952 

REQU\RED - , 

---

, 

, 

I JULY 

1953 

I JULY 

1954 

1425 
REF ID:A39254 

BEffiffii'PY lfi'ellfA!:EeN 

SECRET 

FIGHTER PROORAM BI TYPE :AIRCRAFT 

THIS CHART SH~ DECEMBER 1955 POSITION OF FIGHTER SQUADRONS BY .!!!! AIRCRAJ"l'. 

THE ALL WEA'IHER INTER_CEPTORS WILL CARRY 2.7S INCH AERIAL ROCKETS AS MAIN ARMAMENTJ WITH THE F-89 

CARRYING SEVERAL GAR ... ~_Am!O-AIR MISSILES AS WELL. - . 

AS· THE DEMAND FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF ALL 14EATHER INTERCEPI'OHS INCREASES SO OOES THE· COMPLEXITY 

.. OF THESE Wl!:APONS. MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL MUST BE MORE SKILLED, PIOOTS MORE EXPERIENCED. THE TRAINING 

REQUIREMENTS HAVE INCREASED IN COURSE DURATION AND DETAIL FOR ALL PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THESE PROORAE • 

• 

• 

37 

-SECRET 
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9FB6's 44 SQ 

9CANADIAN 
... 

REF ID:A39254 

BBSURI'l'! meRMA:'fieN 

SECR£T 

ANG BACKUP 

THE HOLLOW BLACK CIRCLES INDICATE THE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN ULTIMATE POSrrION OF REGULAR FIGHTER DEPLOYMl!:fr ' - 'l'BE 

SOLID BLACK CIRCLE'S, '1HE S2 ANG FIGHTER INTERCEPTOR SQUADRONS EARMARKED FOR ADC. OF THESE S2 SQUADRONS °19 WILL 

Bl!: RETAINED.FOR AN F.sTIMATED D PLUS .3 MONTHS AND THEN BE ASSIGNED TO TAC. 

. . 'WHILE THE Am NATION.AL GUARD UNITS MAY HAVE LITTLE CAPABILITI AGAINST AN INITIAL SURPRISE ATTACK, THEY Alm 

OF CONSIDERABLI VAWE IF l4E HAVE EVEN A FEW HOURS WARNIBG. · IN ADDITION, 'IRESE SQUADRONS WILL PROVIDE A POOL 

. . OF TRAINED PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT FOR USE DEPENDING UPON THE srruATION. 

38 

SECR£1 

SECORl'11 DF'ORMA'l'IOR 

• 

.e 
REF ID:A39254 

---f AIR ~ CCIMWINO ft E 

.AIR NATIONALGCUARD BACK-UP 

-7. 1• I I ··-•---....... .L...,.., i __ _ 

. 

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\. : \.,, i 

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·· ............ .._ __ """'--

• 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

SECRET 

INTERCEPTOR ARMAMmT 

THE DESTRUCTION OF A HCS'l'ILE AIBCRAFT IS BASICALLY A FUNCTION OF EITHER THE ARMAMENT CARRIED BI THE INTERCEPTCE, 

OR THE WARHEAD OF THE LONG RANGE MISSILES, AND '!HE CAPABILI'l'!' OF ~ ANTIAIRCRAFT BATTALIONS. 

·~~ . §~~PRESENT DAY INTERCEPTOHS ARE EQUIPPED WITH 4 TO 6 SO CALIBER MACHINE' GUNS OR 20mm CANNONS THAT REQUIRE THE 

PILOT TO CimE TO AT LEAST 1 1000 FEET BEFORE FIRING. THIS MAKES THE INTERCEPl'OR PILOT VULNERABLE TO THE GUNS OF THE 

BOMB~R WHILE AVERAGING ONLY 10 - 20% KILL PROBABILI'l'f. 

· THIS YEAR, THE INTERCEPIDRS TACTirn ~-l!LL CHANGE, DUE TO THE ADVENT OF THE NEW TYPE FIRE OONTROL S!STEMS AND THE 

2. 75 AE~L ROCKET. KILL PRO~BILI'l'f SHOULD INCREASE TO lS - 35%. 

IN 1956, WITH THE GUIDED AERIAL ROCKET AS ARMAMENT, THE INTERCEPl'OR IS ABLE TO FIRE FROM ANY APPROACH AT A 

3 MILE RANGE. WITH A PROPERU' filRECTED SALVO OF 4 TO~ MISSILES, THERE IS A 50% KILL PROBABILI'l'f. 

WITH THE ADVENT OF NUCLEAli .ARMAMENT, THE INTERCEPTOR'S JOB IS MORE SIMPLIFIED. NO D;rRECT HITS ARE REQUIRED mT 

RATHER MISSES ARE LETHAL FROM THE ATOMIC BURST. THIS TECHNIQUE CAN BE EXPECTED TO PRODUCE 8.S - 9.$% PROBABILITY OF 

KILL. 'nIE INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR~ ON FIGHTER INTERCEPTORS HAS BEEN UNDER S'l'UDI FOR SOME MONTHS • 

. 39 

SECRET 
REF ID:A39254 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL. 86-36/50 USC 3605 

---1 AIR DEFENSE C~MMAND 1-I ------------------------=~::--

INTERCEPTOR ARMAMENT CAPABILITIES 

1952 

50 CAL & 20 MM GUNS 

1953 

.. , ~.,...,..--.~1, ..... 00~0-Y~o~s----.' 

2.75 IN ROCKET 

1956 

b a • 3 MILES 

GAR I <FALCON> 

E 
REF ID:A39254 

SICYRI'l'Y INPERMA:'f!Olf 

PROGRAMMED ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSES 

THE ARMY AA COMMAND IS PROGRAMMED TO HAVE 66 BATTALIONS B!' 19.SS WHICH Ttl!LL DEFEND 2.3 CRITICAL LOCALITIES 

WITHIN ·THE UNITED STATES. YOU WILL NOTICE THAT THREE GENERAL TYPES OF TARGETS ARE INCLUDED: POPULATION-INDUSTRIAL . . 

AREAS, STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND BASES, AND A'IDMIC INSTALLATIONS. THE HEAVIEST CONCENTRATION OF ANTIAIRCRAFT ..... 10 

BATTALIONS -- IS AROUND'': NEW YORK CITY. NEXT IS WASHINGTON WITH SIXJ. THEN CHIClGO WITH FIVE. OTHER. CITIES BA.VE 

ETIHER THREE OR FOUR BATTALIONS PLANNED. SEVEN SAC BASES AND THE SOO LOCKS EACH WILL HAVE A SKYSWEEPER BATTALION • 

. THE HANFORD AT~C INSTALLATION WILL HAVE FOUR BATTALIO~ AND SANDIA-KIRTLAND WILL BE DEFENDED, IN AN EMERGENC!',, 

BI ALL AA BATTALIONS LOCATED AT FORl' BLISS, TEXAS. 

YOU WILL NOTICE THAT MANY LARGE CITIES DO NOT HAVE ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSES AT THE PRESENT TIME. THE ARM! --

LIKE THE AIR FORCE -- CAN STRETCH A DEFENSE DOLLAR ONLY SO FAR. EVEN SO,, THE AA COMMAND IS PLANNING FOR THE 

EMERGENCY USE OF 90 NATIONAL GUARD BATTALIONS WHICH '.flLL BE USED TO STRENGTHEN ACTIVE DEFENSES AND TO ESTABLISH 

ADDITIONAL DEFENSES. WHEN THIS PROGRAM IS FULLY IMPLEMENTED, MOST OF THESE BATTALIONS CAN BE FEDERALIZED AND 

PLACED ON SITE WITHIN A DAY OR TWO • 

• 

SEletfR!ff INF6RMA:'f'feN 

.e 

·e 
·e 

9· 

• 

REF ID:A39254 

. "8EC .. 51: 

. . 

... ANTI 'AIRCRAFT ARTILLE.RY 

DEPL.QYMEN.T 
REF ID:A39254 

SECIJ1tln: MO!MA:'l'!O!f .•... . 

SECR£J 

PRESENT. ANTIAIRCRAFI' DEFENSES 

HERE WE SEE THE PRESENT DEPLOYMENT OF THE S7 BA'l'l'ALIONS THAT ARE CURRENTLY ASSIGNED TO THE AA COMMAND. 

ALL fJT THRm OF 'IHESE BATTALIONS ARE LOCA'JED ON-SITE AND ARE READY TO FIRE. THE FOUR BATTALIONS NOT YET 

ON SITE ARE INDICATED BY SMALL DOTS OUTSIDE OF 'IRE LARGER CIRCLES (3 IN CALIFORNIA, l IN WASHINGTON). 

GETTING THE GUNS LOCATED TO DELIVER EFFECTIVE FIRE HAS BEEN A MAJOR PBOBLEM DURING THE PAST TWO IEABS. 

FIRST, REAL FSTATE HAD TO BE BOl]GHT. OR LEASED. m:i;s' HAS BEEN DONE. '.lHEN, HOUSING AT THE BA.TTERY 

POSITIONS WAS NECESSARY IF TROOPS WERE TO LIVE THERE ALL THE TIME. ADEQUATE FUNIB 'NERE HOT AVAILABLE, 

BUT MANY OF THE BATTALIONS MOVED ON SITE AND LIVED IN TENTS FOR MANY MON'lHS. ~ABRICATED HUTMENTS . 

WERE OB!'AINED SEVERAL MON'IHS AGO, AND WI~ THE SOLDIERS THEMSELVES DOING THE LABOR, THESE WERE ERECTED 

WITH A GREAT :mPROVEMENT IN LIVING CONDI'.II ONS. THF.SE CONDITIONS ARE STILL SUB-STANDARD FOR PERMAN!NT 

LIVING BUT ARE NECESSARY IN ORDER FOR ANTIAIRCRAFT TO FIRE AT ANY ''UNKNOWN" TIME. 

41 

SEeREr 

.e 
REF ID:A39254 

'G ,.--·rj .\ I \ \ . \ 

'I \ \_ __ ,l..-

1 0-
REF ID:A39254 

SEi<*JRI'lf IHPGRMA:!ION 

SEC~T . ·: . 

NIKE 

IN A FEW MONTHS, 'IHE ARMY ANTI.A.IRCRAFT COMMAND WILL BEGIN AIDING GUIDED MISSILES TO MANY OF ITS 

DEFENSES. '!HIS MISSILE, THE t'NIKE", WILL BE m'ECTIVE UP TO 60,000 FEET ALTITUDE AND OUT TO 2S MILES 

IN RABGE. THUS, THEY ~'1ILL COVER A MUCH GREATER AREA THAN THAT OF' GUNS. THE "NIKE", WHICH IS NOW 

GOING INTO FULL PRODUCTION, HAS BEEN VERf SUCCESSFUL IN TEST FIRINGS AT WijITE SM DS PROVING GROUNDS, 

NEW MEXICO. SEVERAL RADIO-CONTROLLED B-17s HAVE BEEN COMPLETELY DF.sTROYED BI THE "NIKE"; THESE DRONE 

··B-17s WERE AT ALTTl'UDF.S UP TO .30,000 FEET AND AT RANGES .UP TO 18 MILES. BY '!HE FALL OF 1954,. 28 NIKE 

BATTALIONS SHOULD BE OPERA ~ONAL AND ON-SITE AT 12 CRITICAL AREAS. A SUBSEQUENT INCREASE IN NIKE UNI'IB 

WILL RESULT IN AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MISSILE DEFENSES • 

• 

·• 

\ . ""42 

SESURPPY DIFQRMA'l'l91' 

... . . 

.. I 

• 
• ·.: ,_ - '• 

•• , 'I.' 

:.C-~.-r,.;:<- ~~?1t%'!~{·1_~;.~ ;':~; 

t.~'-i; ;(t4-:~ ~y,_ :. -

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~- ... _ .. ;-' 

. ,, --N·i·K __ _ , -_ 

-~ y•:.-

J:I• .,- ·c-·;:.·.J'· 
REF ID:A39254 

ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES 

ELECTRONIC COUNTEmmASURES AND THEIR EFFECTIVE EMPLOYMENT HAVE A VITAL PLACE IN THE AIR DEFENSE PROORAM. THIS 

INCLUDES ACTIVE ECM, PASSJ:VE ECM, AND ECM TRHNING. 

THE PASSIVE AND TRAINING ASPECTS OF THE_ECM PROGRAM INCLUDE PASSIVE DETECTION AND ANTI-JAMMING. ANTI-JAMMING 

TECHNIQuEs AND PROCEDTJRES HAVE .BEEN DEVET,.OPED FOR BOTH RADAR AND COMMUNTCATIONS EOOI'PJtraNT. A CONTINUING ANTI-JAm!NG 

TRAINING PROORAM IS BEING CONDUCTED TO MAINTftIN '1H1!: 'PROFICIENCY OF OPERATTNG /IND MATNTF.NANCE PERSO'Nm:L 

ACTIVE ECM CONSISTS OF JAMMING OF ENEM!' ELECTRONIC E'JUI'PMENT. THE RF.sMRCH AND DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF THE GROUND 

JAMMER PROGRJM lATAS TURNED OVER TO THE SIGNJ\L CORPS. TO PREV1!'NT POSSI'BLE INDISCRIMINATE /IND tJNCOORD'INATED JAMMING, 

1

"1HICH co_ULD NULLIFY OUR F.NTIRI!: AIR DEFF:NSE SYST!i:M, IT IS "OBVIOUS THPT THE USE OF ALL Gl?OUND BASED JA"1'-fING EQUIPMENT 

IN THE ZI MUST BE INTEGRATED INTO THE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM. 

A DEFINITE STA~ OF OUR REC!UIREMENTS CANNOT BE MADE UNTIL THE FE.ASIBILITY OF THIS EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN DEMON• 

STRATED BI OPERATIONAL TESTS. BASED UPON.JlmSENT KNOWLEIDE, POINT DEFENSE OF VITAL TARGETS APPEARS TO BE THE MOST 

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF GROUND BASED JAMMER<3. OUR DESIRE, HOWEVER, IS TO OBTAIN AN~ JAMMING CAPABILITY. THE 

GOAL0 IS TO DF.sTROY ALL DETECTED HOSTIJ,ES BI ACTIVE MEANS. IDEALLY, WE WOUJ~I? DF.NY THE UNDETECTED HCSTILF.s ALL USE 

OF HIS NAVIGATIONAL AND OOMBING RADAR BI JAMMIHl. 

k3 

SECRET 

•• 
REF ID:A39254 

Rl!!STRIOTED Sl!!CURIT'f lf>~FOAMATIOP.4 

ELECTRONIC COUNTER MEASURES 

200Mi 

PASSIVE ~ DETECTION 

I 

GND:JAMMER 

~ 

~_) ~) 

~ ---------...~ 

"' PASSIVE DETECTION 

I 
REF ID:A39254 

FA!l9'::JRI'!¥ IRFGmft.TrQW 

SECRET 

DECENTRALIZATION OF CONTROL 

~ 

mrs. CHARI' SHOWS THE LOCATION OF ADC HEADQUARTERS - :er ~LID STARS THE THREE AIR DEFENSE FORCE HEADQUARTERS AND • 

B!' HEAVY BLACK LINES THE AIR DEFENSE FORCE BOUNDARIES, B!' BI.A CK SQUARES THE 11 AIR DIVISION HEADQUARTERS. THE DIVISION 

SECTORS ARE SHOWN BY NARROW BLACK LINES. CIRCLES INDICATE RA.DAR STATIONS. 

THE AIR DEFENSE COMMAND CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS AT PRESEMT IS "DECENTRALIZATION OF CON~OL 11 • THE VERY NATURE OF 

OUR ASSIGNED MISSION, '!HAT OF PROVIDING AN ADEQUATE\AIR DEFENSE AT .I.NY UNKNCY.4N TIME, DICTATES THIS POLICY. DECISIONS 

STJ~ AS SCRAMBLING FIGHTERS, CONTROLLING AIR TRAFFIC, ESTABLISHING CONDITIONS OF .ALERT, MUST BE MADE QUICKLYJ THE 

TIME FACTOR INVOLVED IS ALL IMPORTANT J.ND MAY MEAN THE mFFERENCE BETWEEN SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN AIR DEFENSE. FOR 

EXAMPLE, 'IRE DIRl!:CTION CENTER CONTROLT.ER CANNOT \TAIT FOR /tIR DIVISION 'Plf:RMISSTON TO SCR,,.MBLE FIGHTERS. AIR DIVISION 

. CANNOT WAIT FOR .IIR DEFENSE FOJtCE PERMISC)ION TO ESTABLISH cnNDTTTONS O'F 'f'ARN:r.NGJ .AIR DEFENSE FORCE CA.WOT '•IAIT FOR 

HEADQUARTERS ADC TO DECLARE ACTION AS '4'.ANIFESTLY HOSTILE IN INTENT. THF.Sl!: JMPORTJINT DECJSJONS MUST BE MADE PROMPTLY 

B!' THE COMM'JNDER ON '1HE SPO'l'J HE JILONE HAS FIR<;T HAND INFO'RMft TION ON U CH SPECTFIC INCIDF.NT, JI ND MtJST TAKE APPROPRIATE 

ACTION IMMEDIATELY.· 

THIS IS NOT THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD OF PROPER THRE>T EVJILUATJON AND WEAPON ASSIGNMENT, - BUT MUST OONTINUE AS 

LONG AS WE HAVE MANUAL ME'IHOIE OF DATA COLLECTION, HANDLING, AND DISPLAY • 

• 

li4 

SECRET 

• 

• 

• 
·e 

REF ID:A39254 

DECENTRALIZATION OF CONTROL 

•---..--.... ---.------- __ _rL 

II ! • ~~ I 

I 

I 

_______________ ;--------- --~ 

I 

29 

1. 

I 
REF ID:A39254 

AIR DEFENSE WARNING 

THE DIVISION CONTROL-CENTER IS RFS~ONSIBLE FOR np:TIATm T.t\RNINGS. HIGHER HEADQUARTERS CAN ALSO 

INITIATE WARNINGS. THE DEXlREE OF '·'ARNING IS INDICATED BY ONE OF FOUR CONDITIONS OF ALERT. WARNING RED --

MEANS THAT ATTACK IS IMMINENT OR UNDERWAY, AND IS ANNOUNCED OVER ALL WARNING SYSTEMS AND BY CIVIL 

OFFICIAIS TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. WARNING YELLOW -- MEARS THAT ATTACK IS LIKELY, AND IS ANNOUNCED OVER 

THE WARNING SYSTEMS MT NOT TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. WARNING WHITE .... MEANS "ALL CLEAR" TO THE GENERAL - . 

PUBLIC MT A MILITARY EMERlENCY EXI~ AND EMERGENCY .l\IR TRAFFIC CONTROLS ARE IN EFFECT. 

THIS ALERT SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO KEEP US ON OUR TO"l!S AND ISSUE TIMELY WARNINGS; lf(JT YET, BY TAKING 

A CALCULATED RISK, AVOID UNDTJE DIS~PT!ON OF NORMAL CIVIL ACTIVITIES. 

THE FOURI'H OONDITION, APPLYING ONLY TO THE ACTIVE AIR DEFENSE UNITS, IS CALLED "AIR DEFENSE READINESS", 

WHJCH MEANS TH.AT INTELLIGENCE INFO'RMATION AND/OR SUSPICIOUS PATTERNS OF. llNIDfilJTIFJED JIIRCRAFT 'INfilCATE 

AN INCREASED POSSIBILITY OF AN ATT.ACK. THIS CONDITION IS DISSE'-UN..A'l'ED ONLY TO THE MILITJltY AND IS A MEAd\ 

OF PLACING THE A!ll DEFENSE SYSTEM IN AN J.DVANCED STATE OF PREPAREDNESS llITHOUT UNNECEc:SARILY DISRUPTING 

· ACTIVITIES. 

• O' hS 

SECURITY INFORMATION 
REF ID:A39254 
REF ID:A39254 

CIVIL AIR DEFENSE WARNING 

· • OONDITION OF AIR DEFENSE WARNING, AS. DETERMINED BI THE .APPROPRIATE AIR FORCE COMMANDER, IS PASSED 

OVER THE S?ECIAL AIR DEFENSE WARNING NET, SIMULTANEOUSLY, TO ALL CIVIL, KEY POINT, .AIR DEFENSE WARNING 

CENTERS, WITHIN THE AIR filVISION ARE.A. EVERY STATE HAS ONE OR MORE KEY POINTS. THE AIR FORCE IN !Q WAY 

PRFSCRIBES ANY RESTRICTION, ON THE RECEIVING CIVIL AUTHORITIES, AS TO THE mssEMINATION OR USE MADE, OF 

THE AIR DEFENSE WARNINGS RECEIVED BY THE KEY POINTS. 

THE FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE ADMINISm~TION HAS LIAISON PERSONNEL AT OUR AIR DIVISION HEADQUARTERS. 

ONE OF 'mEIR FUNCTIONS IS OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THE CIVIL AIR DEFENSE T~RNING S'!STEM. THE AIR DIVISION 

.ADVISES THE FCDA REPRESENTA;TIVE OF m CONDITION OF AIR DEFENSE WARNING. THE" RESPONSIBILITY FOR Dissool 

RATION FROM THE AIR ~E CONTROL CENTER, TO THE PUBLIC, 'mEN RESTS ENTIRELY '41ITH CIVIL AUTHORITI. 

THE MILITARY AIR DEFENSE WARNING NET IS ESTABLISHED IN A SIMILAR MANNER BUT IS OPERATED Elfl'IRELY Br 

MILITARY PERSONNEL. 

46 

·e 

..... • 
REF ID:A39254 

,~;~;··;;~-:;;f;•f·~p-~·!:~~::~~·::~=--~l-~~,-;: .l' "' -.;, ;: ·'· ,-, ;" ':•T;~"i'\'\11"<··; 

0 m·;:;;;~-,,_ _____ ~r--"'-:..--'--1----Il<_.,-v_'. ;.~-, .... · ... - 'it_'.,-:'': ', •'1"1',-'~'/"!:t .. , 1 ~ 

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'" ·' '• ' 
REF ID:A39254 

• 

-- USTrJCTFD 

COHmc>L OF 'ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIA'l'IOHS 

DURING THE PAST n«:l YEA~, THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, IN CONJUNC'l'ION WITH 'l'HE FEDERAL CO?MJNICATIOHS COMMISSION, HAS DEVELOPED PLANS TO CONTROL ELECTRONIC FACILITIES WHICH MIGHT BE USED BY HOSTILE AIRCltA,FT FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES. _TBE MILITARY REQUIREMENT FOR DENYING THEIR USE IS MET ToJHEB THEY LEAVE TE AIR BUT IT IS 

ESSENTIAL '!HAT THEIR SERVICES CONTINUE TO SUPPLY CIVIL DEFENSE INFO~ '!TON TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. 

THIS CHART REPRFSEN'l'S . THE PLAN DEVELOPED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF BOTH '!HE AIR FORCE AND CIVIL DEFENSE. IT 

IS A SYNCHRONOUS-SEQUENl'IlL 'S?STEM THAT PROVIDES FOR. THREE OR MORE STATIONS IN A CITY OR SMALL AREA TO BROADCAST IN A VARIED SEQUENCE ON THE SAME FREQUENCY; ~ NEGATING THE USE OF THE AIRCRAFT RADIO DIRECI'ION FINDING 

EQUIPMENT. PARTICIPATION BY THE RADIO STATIONS, DURING THE DEVELOPMENT PERIOD, HAS BEEN ON A VOIDNT~Rr .AND 

COOPmATIVE BASIS. TESTS TO DATE HAVE PROVEN 'l'HE F.FFEC'l'IVENESS OF 'J;HE·PLAN. 

FOR THE CONTROL OF AIR NAVIGATION AIDS WE HAVE AN APPROVED JOINT DEPAR!'MENT OF DEFENSE - DEPARI'MENT OF 

COMMERCE PLAN. IN ADDITION• PLANS FOR THE CONTROL OF RADIO STATIONS OF VARIOUS OTHER GOVERRMERT .AGENCIFS 

ARE NOW IH FINAL STAGES OF PREPARATIOH. 

47 • 

llESTPJCTED 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

• 

BASIC PLAN - CONELRADI s 

• , SYNCHRONOUS SEQ,UENTlAL SYSTE·M 
REF ID:A39254 

·-SECRETWIRE I 

THE BACKBONE OF AIR DEFENSE IS THE COMMUNICATION NE'lWCRK 

REQUIRED TO" INTEGRATE THE VARIOUS ACTIVITIES INTO AN EFFICIENT 

AND COORDINATED SYSTEM. 

THIS CHART SHCJWS HOW THE VARIOUS EIEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM 

.ARE TIED TOGETHER.· WE MUST HAVE A RA.Pm MEANS OF COMMUNICATIONS 

FCR: 

A. GATHERING. INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY RADARS AND 

ClROUND OBSERVJ!a_POSTS. 

B. ~ IDENTIFICATION. 

C. FOR THE STATUS AND CONTROL OF WEAPONS. 

D. FOR PASSING INTELLIG»ICE DATA BETWEEN VARIOUS 

LEV~ OF COMMAND. 

E. AND FOR GIVING TIMELY AIB DEFENSE WARNING TO THE 

NATION AND THE CONTROL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. 

• 
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I 

I \iJ/ 

REF ID:A39254 

COMMUNICATION NETWORK 

ADC 

~-~ J" C I ,', 

DC a 

._____.,__~_ ----i - A A A- -- -;- - - - -~ - --
REF ID:A39254 

SECRET 

WIRE Il 

THIS NEXT CHART WILL GIVE YOU SOME IDEA AS TO THE VASTNESS 

OF COMMUNICATIONS REQumED BETWEEN THI VARIOUS ACTIVITIES. WE 

PRF..SENTLY HAVE 3 DEFENSE FORCES, 11 COMBAT CENTERS, 79 RADAR 

STATIONS, 20 ANTIAIRCRAFT OPERATION CENTERS, 64 FIGHTER BASES, 

26i Am DEFENSE WARNING POINTS, ABOUT 2200 GROUND OBSERVER 

POSTS AND OVER 300 RADIO STATIONS PARTICIPATING IN THE CONELRAD PROGRAM • 

. . .A.T PRESENT WE ARE LEASING FROM THE TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 

... COMPANIES ABOUT 1301 000 MIIES OF-FULL PERIOD VOICE AND TELETYPE 

cmCUITS, .A.T .A. YEABLY COST OF ABOUT $6,Soo,ooo. IN ADDITlON, THE 

COMMUlUCATION cmCUITS AND LONG DISTANCE FLASH CALLS MADE BY THE . . 

GROUND OBSERVI!R CCRPS COST· ABOUT 13.S MILLION PER YEAR. CR FOR . A. COMBINED TOTAL OF .A.BauT $101 0001 000 PER YEAR FCR LEASED COMMUNICATION SERVICE. 

WHEN ALL OF THE PRBSENTLY APPROVED PROGRAM IS COMPLETED, 

W WILL BE LEASING ENOUGH CIRCUITS TO REACH THE MOON AND CIRCIE 

IT 12 TIMES. 

NEEDIESS TO SAY, MODERN WARFARE DICTATES THAT WE BK ~PARED 

TO DEFEND OURSELVES WITHOUT THE BENEFIT OF ADVANCED WJ:BNING; A 

FEtl MINUTES MAY SPELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN t,uccESS AND DEFEAT. 

I WISH TO EMPHASIZE T~. AN f'FICIENT ~MMUNIC~TION SYSTEM ~ 

BEING IS ESSENTIAL TO Al( EF.FlfTIVE .AIR DEFENSE_. 

SECURITY INFORMATION ·~ 

• 
REF ID:A39254 

AIR .. DEFENSE!.· SYSTEM 

STANDARD WIRE NETWORK • • 

ADC 
REF ID:A39254 

WEA'DIER IN AIR IEFENSE 

N!A.Tmm SUPPORi' IS PROVIDED TO ALL ECHELONS OF 'lHE AIR DEFENSE COMMAND BY THE 3RD WEAiHER mwtJP. 'JES IS 

A UIIT OF THB MATS AIR WEATHER SDV'ICE .AND "SERVES AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE AIR WEATHER SERVIaJ GLOML !B'llOROLOGICAL 01.'ll)RJ[. 

TRI OBGllIZATIOll OF mE 3RD WATHER GROUP PARALLELS '!HAT OF THE AIR DErENSE COMMAf{D m:ROUGB A:tL J!al'EUlKS • 

DOWN m THE. FIGHTKR Ill'.l'IRCEPToR- MSE LEVEL. WEATHER GROUP, SQUADRON AND D~T COMMANDERS Alm Ann.&Bm JIOll 

OOTIES JS STAFF Ttl.U.TRER OFFICERS AT ALL WEA'mER ECHELONS •.. • 

mK WEATHER SUPPORT PROVIDED IS TAJLORED TO '1HE NEEllS OF THE USING AGENCY. AT HQ AIR DEFENSE CCMWm IS .0 

Am DEFENSE T.fEA'IBKR SERVICE FORECAST CENTER "WHICH PROVIDES NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WE>THER FORECASTS, INTBLtJGDCB 

F.STIMATES OJ' P<SSIBLE INVASION ROUTE WEATHER, COMPLETE CLIMATOtnGICAL S'IUDT.ES REOlJIRED AT AIR DEFENSE COPIM:ARD • 

.A.TEA.CB DIVISIOW CORTROL CENTER IS A WEATHER UNIT WllTCH PROVIDES 'AREA FOREC~STS, FIGHTER BASE FORECASTS,, !ID 

• 

BATTLE ABU WE.A~ DFORMATION •. WEATHER DETACHMENTS AT FIGHTER BASF.8 PRf'\VIDE W&THER OBSERVATIONS AID 

ID'ORKATIOR ~ARY FOR '1HE CONDUCT OF FIGHTER MISSIONS AND RETURN TO BASE. 

so 
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REF ID:A39254 

WEATHER ORGANIZA Tl ON 

WADF 

F·I 

BASE 

ADDC 

AIR DIV 

ADCC 

F-1 

BASE. 

ADDC 

EA DF 

F-1' 

BASE 

ADDC 
REF ID:A39254 

AIR DEFENSE EXERCISES 

THE PRESENT PROGRAM FOR AIR DEFENSE TRAINING EXERCISFS CALIB FOR TWO COMMAND-WIDE EXERCISES A DAR. THESE ARE 

TENTATIVELY PLANNED FOR JULY AND DECEMBER. "STRATF.GIC AIR OOMMAND PROVIDES. THE MAJOR AOORESSOR STRIKE EFFORT, APPROXIMATELY 200 STRIKE AIRCRAFl' WILL FLY SIMULATED REALISTIC ATTACK ROUTES AGAINST '!HE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM WRING A 48 HOUR 

PERIOD. 

'!HE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THE.SE E;KERCISES IS TO PROVIDE REALISTIC TRAINING IN 'mE EMPLOYMENT OF OUR AIR DEFENSE 

CAPABILITIES AGAINST REALISTIC TECHNIQUES OF ATTACK. 'IHE SECONDARY OJJJECTIVE IS 'ID TEST AND EVALUATE THE AIR DEFENSE 

FOR<Z CAPABILITY IN CONDUCTING THE DEFENSE. THESE EXERCISES ~"1ILL PROVIDE TRAINING FOR INTEGRATION AND EMPU>YMENT OF 

ALL FORCES A]fD FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR AIR DEFENSE• TO INCLUDE FACILITIES OF OTHER COMMANDS AND SERVICES AND THE ROAF. 

PROM 'DIESE EXERCISES WE RECEIVE INVALUABLE S1STEMS TRAINING, OPPORTUNITIES 'IO TEST OPERATIONAL PLANS AND PROCEDURES, 

EVALUATE POLICY AND DOCTRINE, EMPLOY FORCES HAV:ING A COROLIARY OR SECONDARY MISSION OF AIR DEFENSE, AND GARNER~·INFORMATION ABOUT OUR STRENGTHS AS WELL AS OUR WEAKNESSES. GENERALLY SPEAKING, THIS IS AN EVALUATION OF THE OVERALL TRAINING 

AND OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY·OF THE .AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM •. 

ROUTINE TRAINING MISSIONS Fto~.JN BI SAC UNITS FOR CA~RA GURNERY TRAINING T.JILL STILL PROVIDE FOR OUR· REQUIRED· 

INDIVIDUAL TRAINING. 

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REF ID:A39254 

. 

A IR DEF.ENSE EXERCISE-S· 

I i: •:- ) 

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REF ID:A39254 

SECUR!T!" .INl"tl!lMrr!Oll 

·OPERA TIORA L STATISTICS -- --i'":,.- . 

• 

THE AVERAGE TIME FROM SCRAMBLE ORDER 'ID AIRBORNE WAS 3.9 MINO'l'ES. . . . .. 

' INTERCEPTION TIME AVERAGED 16.S MDmTES. 

TARGET TRAVEL AVERA.GED 9S.6 U.tJTICAL MILES TO INTERCEP.'I'ION (BASED ON TARGET SPEED OF 2li<> KNO'i'S). 'IBIS IS J. 

CRITICAL FIGURE ~MOST AREAS .AND MUST BE REDUCED BY IMPROVEMENTS IN EQUIPMENT• PROCEOORES ARD TRA.INIIO. 

~ -~2 ,• 

SEClll'· . .... 

... · . 

. .. 

• 

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REF ID:A39254 
REF ID:A39254 

Slcmt.1TT DfORIUT'.TCll 

mmcrm 

PRESBIT BOUNDARIES 

(Eff' 1.6 Febru.ary l9S3) 

FOR '!BE IEl'l FEW IDIE'N'l'S, I 1LL DISCUSS THE AIR DEFEEE S!STEM THAT IS BEIRG PLANNED FOR IMPLIMEl'l'A 'l'ICll 

D mE 19SS-16 PERIOD. OBVIOUSLY, AS THE THRU.T IICREAS:er so MOST OUR CJ.PABILITI IRCREASB· TO MORE AccoRATBLY . . 

AND BAPIDU COPE '!fim SA'MRATIOI ftPE ATTACKS • 

. 'l'BIS CHART lB TO RBPRESR YOUR MEMOR! OI 'BIB ARMS OF RBSPOISIBCLI'l'! TODAY. mE WIDE LID'S DIVIDB TD 

AIR JBPDSI 101lCI "REOIORStt AID '!'RE NARROW Lnms DELIREATE THE AIR DIVISIOW "SBC'l'OBS 11 • THIS S!STEM RA' 

'l'Hm AIR DERNSI FC'RCBS AID 11 AIR DIVISICllS. 

.. 

S3 

RESWJcttD 

SECJTBT'IT DJFORMIT'J'OI 

• 
.. 

REF ID:A39254 

--- ·I. -~ ... ..., 

PRESENT- AIR DEFENSE BOUNDARIES 

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REGTRIGTE:Q 

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REF ID:A39254 

SECRET1955 BOUNDARIES 

SHOWN HERE .A.RE THE AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITr WE FEEL ARE ESSENTIAL. FOR THE .1955. 0'1NCEPT OF QPER!_TIOB. --~lILL HAVE THREE - .. ' : 

AIR DEFENSE FORCE "REGIONS" BUT 18 AIR DIVISION "SECTORS". THE TRIANGLES IND!-c.ATE THE AIR Dl_VJSIUR 

~ ~ ~ 

tX>fiJftlf~~. . ~ 

TO, IN '!HE PRESENT SYSTEM AS CONTROL CENTERS OR ADCC 1 s. THE SOLID TRIJNGLES INDJ;<tiTE _.COMB.A!!' . 'fi~ Pms.~~l QPERATIIll AS~ - - " - . . "" - -

CONTROL CENTERS, .AND THE HOLLOW ONES THOSE THAT MUST BE CONSTRUCTED. .. .~~-:_. ; ·,I ... 

.. - _.,-: '-: ~· ~':t;i~~ "', '-~ - ' .. -.~~:;."': .. -- .. .,,,.... : --

.~. ~NEW ALIGNMENT OF DEFENSE FORCES AND DIVISIONS IS TO AFFORD ·'JHOSE-ARU.s-:or'pu~-eom~-PV ~TIOR Mlll-BlOB 

~mrAL PO'l'EllTD.L THE MAXIllUM EFFECTIVENESS IR AN Am DEFENSE SYS?ki.·-.:su±:..:~~~:~ ~~~ • 

_-·.Of- AU. .WOPOllS SlJCB AS Ill'll!RCEPTOllS, LORG-RAJIGE SURFACl!-1'0-AIR GUIJJi;iii MISSI~,. ~ DJi~-&ll!i~J' _,tii)J .,. . · 

nW WEAPQNs WE CAN VISUALIZE FOR USE AGAINST MANNED AND UNMANNED A~~ .. "'- .- ";~·· .. ~ . : :·~.;.·: ~ -~~-::~t-.·.-. --= :: .... /.~:::~:-~; :· -_ · _ • . 

. ~AIR DEFENSE, FORCE BOUNDARIES RING THE CRITICAL DEFENSE ~~ND ;i6[~'~~~ .. ·~-~·: "',. • • ... .... "' I( l'". • - :;, .. _ "" "'' :""' 'f'. ~ • I 

.c'l:rTERli: NUMBER .AND CHARACTER OF TARGETS IN AREA, TYPE TERRAIN, :AVAltABtLI;r. "Di"WEAPON-·~-'· ~~-ncttl-~ ,. ' ..... · .. ~,J;."'~ .. ·~'7r ~ -i'.l'~=f!~ll(.;:. '!.;.._.._,~ .... ~:.:~~~,Jii: ~ ~-.:, ..... ;:4--. ,'i:" ..... ~!·.-!'~ • .. ~·~· ..... • 

TlJ!$., RA'NGE OF WEAPONS, AND THE PROBABLE NUMBER OF ftIR BATTI.Ep THA"i':MAf-oc~mt tKjj« O~ ,A~:;·~. ':'.,.n- ·'!--~.~=:~ · .. ,~.. _, .. _. , ._. 

:- II THE \~S SYSTEM ALL REQUIRED DATA t•TILL BE FED INTO THE COMSA~-~~jE!l{Aiftf~i~~nflW::.t-~ •. ,_ ""'--· ... .. .. .... - : .. ' -""( ... 11 _..... .......... .. - - .. -... : y·~ .. i -;~ ,i'"f.,:)r, ~... - -t'':, ..... •c • _ - ..ettJ.,, , • _ 

~~ ~VE AVlruBLE TO HIM, THROUGH GENERftL ft ND SPECIFIC DISPLAY, ~· (_)vm.Au OR _s~- 'oF ~ ~;a~~ A'1> Bit.' ... ~ ... -~~ -~ ~.... .-":., , .. - ~ ~-- ~ ..... ~ 'i. ,.,~¥ 

'WI:i;,r HA.VE THAT INFORMATION PRACTICALLY INSTANTANEOUSLY. !.:- . ~-'"' -~· \< _ _-~· ,- \ ., ·"' ·~, :-?-.... -i.~ f. , - • '..;: •• 

S$LAR INFORMATION WILL BE AVAILABLE TO AA OPERATTONS PERSONNEL-STAT.TONED iT-"l'RE.'·~'r·-~ "Uiu.Y ~ .t ·"' -. ...: '" .. - ~ . . ..: ..... 

INFORMATION WILL BE FED ELECTRl"\NICALLY, WHEN APPROPRIATE, TO THE AA OP.ERATIONS- CE~R.JtiHElJ.E ~ DtSSm'b:iiATIOll TO -.. - ... . .. ' -

LOWER ECHELONS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED m: SOME SUCH SYSTEM AS 1HE 414A, NOW UNDER ·DEVELOtM!J' BI ma~· <DIP$. rJ' IS I"' • .. • 

HERE AT THE COMBAT CENTER THAT THE THREAT IS EVALUATED AND PROPER WEAPONS ASSIGNED 10. COMBAT 'flU~ !HRlT. 

54 

SECRET · SFJetfR!'ff IHFORMM'IeN 

, 

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e. 

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REF ID:A39254 

A!R. DEFENSE BOUNDA~lES~ l.955--· 

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I .A._ ADCC~ - fTO IE DJ;ll8NA:rt£~ COM8A-T CENTERS\ r-, ·~-, \ 

A ADDITIONAL COM841' CIENTERS, RISQUl(IEQ '\ 

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&EORST awww111 •••tw 
REF ID:A39254 

SEWKlll Bffi'eflfA'Pml 

COMMAND AND OPERATIONS "' "" I ~ 

IT MAY BE HELPFUL AT 'IBIS. POINT TO DISCUSS WllAT THE ORGANIZATION oF· THE AIR DEFENSE ~ND MIGH'l' LOOK LIKE IN TERMS OF 

COMMAND :AND OPERATIONS OF THE VARioUS LEVEIB IN 19.SS. ~IS CH.~RT SHOT·rS· THE AIR DEFENSE. COMmND HEADQUARTERS, A TYPICAL Ant 

DEFENSE FORCE, 'IRE COMBAT CENTER AT DIVISION LEVEL, AND TAaI'ICA.L UNI'l_'S •. THE COMBAT CENTER IS THE HIGHF.ST ECHELO~ IN FULL 

CONTROL OF THE AIR BATTLE AND IS THE "HEART" OF THIS SYS~. THE coP>OONDER HERE HAS UNDER HIS DIRECT COMMAND ALL 'DIE SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL FACILITIES TO EFFECTIVELY EMPLOY ALL ASSIGNED. WEAPONS. ON AN AREA BASIS. 

THE FUNm'ION OF THE DEFENSE COMMAND HEADQUARTERS IS COMMAND, FUTURE PLANNING AND ~ROGRAMMING, SUPERVISION, TESTING.THE 

SYSTEM, AND PROVIDING TIMELY INTELLIGENCE TO THE DEFENSE "FORCE COMMANμERS. DURING AN AIR BATTLE,. THE FUNCTION WILL BE TO 

KEEP '!HE SITUATION CONTINUALLY EVALUATED IN ORDER TO SHIFT FORCES AT APPROPRIATE TIMES. 

THE FUNCTION OF THE DEFENSE.FORCE HEADQUAR:rERS IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE COMMAND HEADQUARl'ERS mT IN FAR MORE DETAIL, 

WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE CONDITIONS PECULIAR TO EACH AREA OF RESPm~IBILIT!'. '!HE USE OF FORCES OF O'IHER COMMANDS IS 

PLANNED IN GREAT DETAIL·AT '!HIS LEVEL. 

THE FUNCTION OF THE COMBAT COMMANDER.IS TO PROVIDE DEFENSE FOR TA;RGETS IN HIS AREA WITHIN THE CAPABILITY OF HIS FAMILY 

OF T"1EA.PONS. 

HERE Afa SURVEILLANCE INFORMATION IS PRESENTED TO THE COMBAT OOMMANDER DTR"ECTT .. Y FROM DIRECTION AND SURVEILLANCE STATIONS. THIS DATA IS TRANSMITTED, PROCESSED AND DISPLAYED ELECTRnNTr..ALtY ON A NEA~ INSTANTANE('IUS BASIS. INFORMATION 

CONCERNING T4-l'EAPONS ASSIGNMENT AND TJSE FW.JS ])()lA]tf.rlARD FROM THE COMBAT CENTER;, 

THE FLQti( OF INFORMA'f.l"ON UPWARD 'l'ffftOUGH EACH CO~ND ECHELON IS IN 1HE FORM OF A COMMANDER'S EVALUATED ESTIMATE. 

e. 
REF ID:A39254 

1955 

·COMMAND 8 OPERATIONS • 

• . ADVANCED P~ANNING AND 

e COMMAND DECISIONS BASED 

UPON INTELL.IGENCE FROM ---------- ALL SOURCES 

COMMAND DECISIONS BASED 

UPON GUIDANCE FROM HQ. HQ 

A D C, AND EVALUATED ---------- INTELLIGENCE FROM THE ADF 

COMBAT CENTER • 

• THREAT EVALUATION ·.HQ ----------I •• AD WEAPON ASSIGNMENT 

" . 

WEAPON UTILIZAT!ON 
• 

REF ID:A39254 

THI s CHART- SHOWS A THUMBNAIL SKETCH OF A 1955 TYPE SEm::mnm' D_ «JFmnmmr ~ ill!'. ~ncn;nnm AVJ.Il.UW!t FOR ilR 

. bEFENSE. _THIS SYSTEM WILL EMPLOY AIRBORNE EART .. Y WARNING AJ!1!1dtti11', ~ SIIF]]!1S, P.ISSD!J, JDICfttCfirnl IQJIPM!&IT, t.um RlSED 

- RADAR, ELECTR()NIC COUNTER.'MEASURE EQUIPMENT, ALL AVAIT.ABLE 1--.."1!1YDlm .D1lDl !l9llR BASIC GBlDtllll!m ~ Ji'OR mE: TIMl8: P:mnoD 

... UNDER DISCUSSTON O~ 1955-1956. · 

SOME ASSUMPTIONS WILL BE NECESSARY AS TO THE HUNDREDS W S'filb'ID!l!rnillS ~l!ID 'fil!lflrnIJ5AN!m OJ.ii' D.Cf'TCS Tm.T CB :mt l!JJSED Bt 

THE ATTACKING F'ORCES. - THEREFORE, WE 1PJILL ASSUME A REASONA:E3D. IDJ]lil'JP][C!ili,T .AftACK Thfl!Ial im.LtJ!@ll!fE 'ftnt CD!tlPIEm ARD 

COORDINATED DEFENSE EFFORT 1\IITHIN THE _SECTOR. 

THE ATTACK VEHICLES _WILL BE AIRCRAFT OF VARIOUS TYPES tr41Jr'IDIH 5Plfil!DD5..l!W m"LSO oms.., J.ftJ.CKDG FROM 'mE llEGK UP To 

45,ooo FEET. THE ATTACK WILL OCCUR UNDER THE .wER-oF NIGH&' «JR DIDl WIUTI!lll!m .. um i!!]l][][.J[. D'fm.Tit SDIJLTAROUS Pi!ln:'imTICD 

OF THE DETECTION NET TOWARDS SELECTED TARGETS. -

HERE rs PrfoBABLY WHA'P wr1L, HAPPEN~· 

,. FIRST HOSTILE DETECTED -BY AEW&C AND IDENTIFIED .AS JJIID5'lflIJLE:.' ClOMBAT mmillIDD mrcumrs AIR DKFfilt'ISE WARNDG 

REl> - IN'.l'ERCEPT BEGINS- - INNER DEFENSE ZONES ACTTilE .,.. AIJ.. .AGffiNm,'l[JHS AllJl)J_Sl!t!D][Cl!IS TJiP.AUD - ADC Jlll!lCLABIS ~ _ 

SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC. m -EFFECT • OTHER'HbSTiLEs m~ ..:'1li!rmiiDCAST SFJfi(JRS,OOft'ROJ.Um.:.. OVKR&IJ. 'JBRDT 

EVALUATED AT- COMBAT CENTER - MORE INTERCEP'IS BEGUlf - AIR ·RA\ID S:nJ!fJ!lE .DE Wi.ADllITTr rom..IC - JU. FOHCES mYIIG 'lo ACTIOR -_ 

READINESS ~ ·A'ETtl· AJ;RCRAFT AND PICKET VESSELS TR!CKINff.HOSTILilS AYNfIIll mDL"tJUl'.i ~ - TWl&\'f EVJ.IDA'HID AS DASS 

ATTACK. - ALL INTERCEPTORS COMMITTED - DECISION TQ USE LONG ~ m5STIJ!l'S - :MlISfilIJ!lS 'oom!llll'l'ft:D - :nrrKRm?TOOS ARRIVE 

FROM ADJACENT SECTORS - ATTACKERS ARE JAMMING-GROUND .RADARS - ~smm.5 nl!DI - .J~ MGDS AGAINST AIRCRAFT 

APPROACHING TARGETS - LOCAL WEAPONS ENGAGE. IN -ADDITJON 'ID _m1mmRJCI!IF'JroBS AllIDJ :irnmrn um.rnr, lfrnlSILES - ADDITIOIUI. RAIDS 

DETECTED PENETRATING FRINGES OF RADAR COVER - INTERCEPTORS RE'~'Fm!lml - EIIB'~flm JUTIDS APP~allm ADJACEm" S!Cf'Clft -

COMBAT OPS AT DEFENSE FORCE DIVERTS INTERCEPTORS. TO ADJACENf.U' Sit~ - ~ ~ DN:Git mssTI.IS JAUJICBED FOR C'ClNTROL IR· 

ADJACENT SECTOR -

BUT 1NHAT Ci\USES US SLEEPLESS NIGHTS IS THE 1..fORRY THAT THE B~m.JB: 1'fll1ll][J[. mGD M'Jro'Pm. 1'"1JE JB!AH "ll'm:s OOMPI.E"l!K SIS'l'm • 

• 

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REF ID:A39254 
REF ID:A39254 

TOP SECRET 

KILL VS COST 

BEFOR! msCUSSillO THE MORE mSTAIT FOTURI, •ir•s s:m WHAT THIS S!&l'EM IS wOam D Ca:J'l' AID BFnC'l'lVDlfE. 

HERE SHOWI IS A COMPARISOif OF KILL VERSUS <mT. IILL IS Ilf PERCDT BD'ORE BOMB RELEASE LID, AID CXST 

II BILLIOIS FOR OB'l'.AIIIIG SU<JI IILL. 'DIE TOP CURVE ·rs FOR AT'l'.ACZS AT HmH ALTITUDE JI' DAILIGH'l' AID THI :eoT'l'Cll 

CUl1V'I POR LOW JL'l'ITUDB A'l'TJ.c;:rs AT llIGm'J 'l'HI TWO m'llMIS II OUR AIR DD'DSB CA.PABILiiT. TBIS CHAM' IS JI . EX'l'RAPOLA.TIOll OI DATA FlDI A DETAILED Am DD'EltSE S'l'UDY ImC!l'TLY COMPLE'Dm BY HQ ADC. THIS STUD! 1llS BASBD 

UPOlf mE Pll>R\BLI ~ THREAT FOR TIME PERia:>S sHONlj ilD, DlnlfSI FORCIS 'l'Hl'l' ARB PBDGRAMMID FOR 19SS' AID 

ilTICIPATID FOR 19.57 ASSUMDO SAME RIIA TIVI FUllD J.PPROPRIATiatS .AS KOW BEI1'G RECIIVBD FOR AIR DD'Dm. THI 

KILL AGJ.IIST HIGH ALTITUDE DAY ATTACK IICRBASES PROM ABOUT 18. D 19.$2 TO ABOUT S'~ BI~ 1'~; THE KILL AGAIIS'l 

lfmHl' .A.TT.Adi .IICRIAS!'.S PROM ZERO TO AlDJ'l' liS• D 19.57. WHIL! THIS IS A TBMDDOUS DCRIASl1 .AS YOU WILL SD, 

'l'BI8 IS BJ 10 M!AifS .AD!lQUATI. 

S7 

TOP SECRET 

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REF ID:A39254 

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.. K~B-IL.IL v~ s c·osy·· 

2'· -6: 8· 10 12: 14~ 

COST. --B-ILLIONS; 

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SECORI'I'! INFURMAT:r:Olf 

FUTURE THREAT 

SO FAR WE'VE DISCUSSED i'HE AIR DEFENSE "PIC'IURE" UP. TO THE 1955-57 TIM!: PERIOD. 

NOW LET'S DO A L!'l".l'LE CRlSTAL BALL GAZING TO SEE T~.T OONSIDERATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN 'HIE PERIOD 1957 μID 

1960. I'LL BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE THREATJ SURVEILLANCE RW-lUIREMENTS, THE WEAPONS, AND LASTLY THE 6h DOLLAR. 

QUESTION; HOW MUCH AIR DEFENSE DO WE NEED! 

Br 1957 THE USSR CAN PRODUCE UP 'ID 1000 A-:!30MB3 OR THE EQUIVALENT; AND BI 1960 THIS ftf.AY REACH 20001 

DURING· THE SAME TIME PERIOIS $E WILL HAVE SUFFICIENT DELIVERY vEHICLES TO USE ANY AMOUNT OF HIS A-BOMB STOCK 

PILE HE FEELS IS REQUIRED TO KILL 'ffiE UNITED STATES. THE DELIVERY VEHICLES WILL BE DIFFERENT TYPES VARYING - . 

IN SIZE FROM THE SNARK TYPE MISSILE TO 'IHE B-52 BOMBERJ WITH SPEEDS RANGING FROMM .8 TO M l.5J AND ATTACK 

. . 

ALTITUDES FROM THE DECK TO 55, OR SO, THOUSAND FEET. MISSILES LAUNCHED FROM SUBT«RINES MAY BE USED. A 

SUCCESSFUL A'l'l'ACK WOULD BE CATASTROPHIC. 

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SESURI'l'I INR>'RMhTI91 

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FUTURE THRFAT 

·1957 

1800 2000 

• 1000 2000 

1960 

., 

.. 

J. : • 

. . - ... 

. . 

·. 
REF ID:A39254 

. FUTURE SURVEILLANCE 

THIS SHOWS THE FtJTUltE SURVEILIA NCE REQUIREMENTS, NOW IN THE SERIOUS PLANNING STAGE, TO PROVIDE ALERTING 

TIME REQUIRED TO EFFECI'IVELY BEGIK COMBATING THE INCREASING 'IHR!AT. 

THE LINE AC:ROSS THE NORTH IS THE DISTANT EARLY WARNING ZONE PROPOSAL OF PROJECT LINCOLN, TO PROVIDE ~ 

,, ... 

.-_..:' 

MAXIMUM WA.ltNING OF AN ATTACK EN ROUTE. FUHDS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED FOR INSTALLATION OF FOUR SITES IN THE McKENSD 

BAY AREA (OUTLINED IN BLACK: BLOCK) FOR EXPli:RIMENT AND TEST OF EQUIPMENT FEASIBILI'l'!', 'PRIOR TO CXJ.fMITMENT OF 

FUNm AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE WHOLE LINE. NOTE THAT FLANKS MUST Bl!:· EX:l'ENDED BY AIRBO!NE RADAR AND PICKET V!SSEIS 

TO HAl"1AII AND SCOTLAND. SHO'.JN BI '!HE BROKEN LINES ARE THE PROPOSA:LS FOR "FENCE" TYPE DETECTORS. THESE EQUIPMENTS ARE RELATIVELY CHEAP, SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE FROM 0 TO 80,000 FEET. THEY WILL WARN OF A PENETRATION OF 'lHE 

LINl!: Br ANY AIRCRAFT. ALSO SHOt« IS THI!: RADAR COVERAGE OF THE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS REQUIRED TO TAKE COMBATIVE 

ACTION AGAINST THE ATTACK. 

IT'S OBVIouf NOW~- MUST BEGIN 'l'O PLAN AIR DEFENSE or' THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTIBEMT RATHER THAN. JUST 

THE CONTINENTAL U. s. 

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F"UTURE SURVEILLANCE 

·-. 

.......... ··-·-··-··-··-··-··-·-··-·· 

,-ep S~liiUi'T 

"FeP SESAET 

AEW TO 8COTLAND 

Ill 
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CONFIDENTIAL 

FO'tORE WEAPORS 

(J'-102) 

IfOW, LEl'S WoK AT THE W!APOHS THAT SHOULD BECOMB AVAILABLE ·m m FU'l'UU. 

FIRST, THE MANDI> IRTIRCEPTORS. 

THIS IS TH! 1-102, BJILT Br CORvAill 

6o DEGRE!:, TltUE DELTA CONFIGURATIO:tf, TURBO JET ENGIR· 

COMBAT WEIGHT 191000 L~. 

MAXIMUM RA 'I'! OF CLIMB hS ,ooo FT. PER MIRU'm 

CEILilfG 6o,OOO Fm 

MAXIMUM SPE!D 1100 KNOTS 

RADms OF ACTIOI ABOUT soo NAUTICAL MILES 

ARMAMEIT - llOCKErS AND GUIDED MISSIL!S 

THIS AillCRAFT IS PROGRAMMED TO BE THE MAIN INTERCEPTOR OORilfG 19$6-19$8 PERIOD. THE FIBST ONE WILL 

FLY I:tf FALL 19.$3. 

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CONFIDENTIAL 
1:~~l: i.':1:1" : 11 )11):: t:~<;~:l :'Jl~~'..l".})/:;i: ~~~~~~~~~~ 

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BEfmffff INP0BKl.i'H9N 

FUTURE WEAPONS 

{F-103) 

THIS IS THE F-103 BUILT BI REPUBLIC: . 

DELTA CONFIGURATION, WITH TAIL SURFACES 

TCJROO JET AND RAM JET ENGINE 

COMBAT WEIGHT - 2$,000 LBS AT TAKEOFF •· . ... . 

MAXIMUM ~TE OF CLIMB - 601 000 FT. PER :r-p:NOTE . 

CE~ING - OVER 60,000 FT. 

MAXIMUM SPEED - 1800 KNO'IS 

RADIUS OF ACTION - ABOUT hOO NAUTICAL MILES 

ARMAMENT - ROCKETS AND GUIDED M:tssn.ES 

THIS AIRCRAFT AT PRESENT IS PROGRAMMED TO FLY IN<i9SS AS A RESEARCH VEHICLE. ·-·· 

• 

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F~I03 
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SECRET 

FO'TURE WEAPOBS 

(BOMARC) 

HERE IS THE UNMANNED INTERCEPTOR UNDER DEVELOPMENT. IT IS THI BOMARC; A JODJT BOEDIG AIRCRAF.r - UNIVERSITI 

. OF MICHIGAN DEVELOPMENT. 

3 Fl'. IN DIAMETBR 

3S FT. LONG 

LIQUID ROCKET, AND RAM JET ENGINES 

WEIGHT ABOUT 111 000 LBS. AT LAUNCHING 

CEILING 80,000 FT. 

SPEED 1.$00 KNOTS 

RANGE - lSO IN EARU' MODELS AND 2.$0 LATER. 

THIS TACTICAL WEAPON SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN NUMBERS BI 1957, AND IS TO BE PHASED INTO THE SYSTEM ALONG 

wrr:a INTERCJ;Pl'ORS TO PROVIDE MASSED WEAPONS AGAINST MASS ATTACKS. 

IT IS PLANNED TO HAVE ABOUT 31000 OF THESE MISSILES BY 196o 01 85 LAUNCHING SITES OF 30 MISSILES BACH. 

'DIEY WILL BE CONTROLLED BI BOMARC DIRECTORS IN 'lHE AIR IEFENSE DIRECTION CENTERS. 

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BOMARC 

, 

·--·· .. , ... :_ 

• 

II 
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9!0URfff Bffi!ffilfNf.1:01 

· SECRET 

FUTURE WEAPONS 

( LOC.AL m>ES) 

TO PROVIDE PURTHER PROTECTION OF THE MOST CRITICAL TARGETS WE MUST HAVE, IN ADDITION TO INTERCEPTORS AND 

LONG RANGE MISSILES, $PONS OF A RELATIVELY SIORT RANGE, HIGH RATE OF FIRE, AND CJ.4PABILITY OF HOMING ON TARGETS 

AT ALL ALTITUDES FROM POINT OF LAUNCHING. THIS MAY BE A LOGICAL FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIKE TYPE MISSILE. 

THIS WO~ BE, IN EFFECT, THE LAST DITCH DEFENSIVE FIRE - TO BE ADDED TO THE ATTRITION BEING INFI.fTED BI INTER-· 

CEPTORS AND LONG RANGE MISSILES. 

ALL WEAPONS WE'VE DISCUSSED MUST BE SO DESIGNED TO BE ABLE TO COPE RlflDLY AND ACCURA.TELY "WITH ANY COUNTER-

-. . MEASURES THAT CAN BE USED AGAINST THEM. THEY MUST AISO BE ABLE TO OPERATE'~ !4'AXJ'MUM' EFFECTIVENESS TOGETHER, 

WI'IHOUT DESTROYING EACH OTHER. THIS IS NOT AN IMPOSSIBLE REQUIREMENT. 

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CL()CAL TYPES) 

,.· ~ ~ .·. ~ ·1 ~ ' 

' ~ "~~ ' ' 

. f . . ~. ' f • 

* 
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SECORl't! lN1"omlJATi01' 

SECRET 

HO~T MtTCH A I'R DEFENSE 

RATHER THAN ATTEMPI' A OONTROvl!:RSIAL DISCUSSION ON HOW.MANY BOMm ON T/JRGET ARE REQUIRED To·iNocK THE u. s. 

OUT OF EXTSTENCE AS AN ADVERS/J.RI; LET'S PICK 1\N ARBTTJtARV' li'TGUR~ _OF 100. ])El)ENDING UPON BOMB YIELD THIS MAY 

BE ENOUGH IN ITSELF! 

USING '!HIS FIGURE THEN, .AND THE THREAT '•JE FACE IN THE FUTURE, AS SHOWN HERE, WE CAN SEE THAT OUR AIR DEFENSE 

CAPAfilLITr MUST BE IMPROVED IN TREMENJ)('IUS MAGNITUD!:-,.'1'0 "PREVF.NT OBLITERATTON OF OUR NATION. THESE ARE COLD, HARD 

FIGURES, 'oJITH IMIACT HITHERTO UNRE1\ T,I7.ED BI MANY OF US. 

HJT WHEN WE CONSIDER tflAT CAN HAPPEN.IF WE ARE HIT FIRST -- IT IS QUITE CLEAR OUR FUTURE AIR DEFENSE PLANNING 

MUST BE IN TERMS OF CONSIDERATION TO 10()% KILL BEFORE BOMB RELEASE. LINE S WI'IHIN PRESENT. NATIONAL POLICY IT T.JOtq.D 

BE FATAL TO ATTEMPT ANYTHING ELSE1 

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REF ID:A39254 

" 

SESFlli.T . . 

HOW MUCH AIR DEFENSE. . . 

NUMBER BOMB CARRIER KILL 

OF. USSR ·ESTIMATED REQUIRED TO PREVENT 

A BOMBS 'AVAILABILITY 100 BOMBS ON U.S. TGTS. I 

300 1953-4' 66% + ' 

500 1955 80%+ 

1000 ·1957' . 90% + 

2000 1959 95% + 
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SECRET 

FORCES REQUIRED IN FUTURE 

THE NEXT QUF13TTON. IS, HOW CAN YOU OBTAIN KILLS APPJID.ACHING 100%. CONSIDERING THE THREAT WE'VE DISCUSSED, 

AND AFTER THE NECESSARY SURVEILI.JNCE ~ND CONTROL FACILITIES ARE PLANNED FOR, IT BECOMES PRIMARILY A MATTER OF 

NUMBERS OF Tr/EAPONS. AN ESTIMATE, BASED UPON THE BEST AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON HAND IS SIOlff HERE. :,,. 

BI 1960 WE WILL NEED ABOUT: 

1'1 INTERCEPTOR SQUADRONS 

160 BATTALIONS-OF LOCAL MISSIL"F.S 

AND 3000 BOMARC - - -

ALL EQUIPPED t.rITH THE MOST LETHAL ARMAMENT AND 1,TARHEADS t.E CAN DEVISE. 

WHIJ.hm:SE REQUIREMENTS APPEAR TO BE IN THE ''RIGHT BALL PARK", THEY CAN, OF COURSE, ONLY BE FIIDfiX 

ESTIMATED AFTER OONSIDERABLY MORE ELABORATE WAR GAMING AND DETAILED TECHNJCAL AND OPERATIONAL STUDIES. 

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REF ID:A39254 

- SLGRl!:l 

FORCES R"EQUIRED IN FUTURE 

(BY 196,0) 

0 ' , ~ ' 

151 SQUADRONS 160 BATTALIONS μ'(μ: 

.. 3Q;QrQ 

NONE 

39 SQUADRONS 55 BATTALIONS BOMARC 

Be!Cl~E I 
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SECO!t'!Tr Dfti'O!Ml'l'felf 

SECRET 

FUTURE OOST 

AND NOW -- WHAT WILL '!HIS COST? 

WELL, IIf MOIEI' IT LOOKS SOMETHING ·LIKE SHmm ON THE CHART. - - -

THIS IS Alf APPROXIMATION SHOWING Alf ,ANNUAL EXPENDITURE FROM NO"tJ' ON OF S BILLION DOLLARS. THIS .IS . 

CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND OPERATING OOST; AND WOULD INCLUDE THE COST OF THE AIR DEFENSE COMMAND, THE ARMY 

ANTIAIRCRAFT COMMAND, THE COST OF AMC AND TRAINING COMMAND SUPPORT AND THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF, OTHER COMMANDS 

AND SERVICES DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE AIR ·JEFENSE MISSION. AND IT WOULD INCWDE SEVERAL HUNDRED MILLIOI 

ANNUALtr FOR RESEARCH, DEVELoPMENT AND ENGIIEERING. 

THIS WOULD BE ABOUT 10,C OF THE U. S. TOTAL ;ANNUAL MILITARY EXPENDITURES. 

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REF ID:A39254 

&EeRE"I"' 

.. 

ANNUAL COST 

N.OW FUTURE 

eEe•U~T . 
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S!6Uft'f'f'! !iff'OHMtcTf ON 

SECRET 

BALLISTIC THREAT 

ALL WE'VE DISCUSSED SO FAR HAS INVOLVED AIR DEFENSE ONJ..Y AGATNST MANNED AND UNMANNED AIRCRAFI' -- NO 

CONSIDERATION AT ALL OF THE THREAT OF AN INTERCONTINENTAL MTSSILE WHICH APPROACHED JTS TARGET IN A NEAR 

VERTICAL TRA,JECTORY AT S'PEEDS OF AROUND .MACH-10. THE PROBLEMS OF DETW.CTING THIS 'MISSILE, TRACKING IT AND 

KJLLING IT, ONCE AIRBORNE, ARE STAGGERTNG. AND - VERY 'RLUNTLY - ~-1E HftVE NO IDEA WHAT THE SOLUTION MIGHT 

BE. 

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END 

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1MfOQMOT10N 

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S&C' 'l~ITY l~JFQ!;iMA"FIQPI 

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