{"id":142324,"date":"2022-07-22T21:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-23T01:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-481390"},"modified":"2023-10-02T13:58:31","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T17:58:31","slug":"15-ways-the-international-space-station-benefits-humanity-back-on-earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/15-ways-the-international-space-station-benefits-humanity-back-on-earth\/","title":{"rendered":"15 Ways the International Space Station Benefits Humanity Back on Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?w=1920\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Benefits_15_Ways_Collage.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The first decade of the International Space Station was the decade of construction. The second decade moved from initial studies to fully using the orbiting lab. We have now entered the decade of results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With more than 20 years of experiments now conducted on the station, more breakthroughs are materializing than ever before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Explore 15 of the ways the space station is benefiting humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"medical-scanning\"><strong>1. Producing the next generation of medical scanning technology <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In their quest to study neutron stars, the team behind the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=1705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>NICER<\/strong><\/a> telescope created and patented an X-ray source that could be turned on and off very quickly. This also happened to be what a neuroradiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital needed for his quest to improve CT scans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Traditional CT machines are large, heavy, and consume a lot of power. This makes them hard to deploy in environments with few resources. Rather than spinning the large X-ray machine around to capture a CT scan, the Massachusetts General Hospital and NICER teams worked together to create a stationary ring of these small new modulated X-ray sources that can be mounted around the patient, firing when needed. This technique can decrease the amount of radiation the patient is exposed to and enable a better image quality even at the lower radiation level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Limiting radiation exposure is helpful for patients on Earth now and potentially for future astronauts on their way to Mars. The device has been patented, and additional work is now underway to take it from a prototype to a testable device.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1123\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png?w=1123\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"images of a scan of a human hand\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png 1123w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png?resize=300,142 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png?resize=768,363 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png?resize=1024,484 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png?resize=400,189 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png?resize=600,284 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/phys_ct_scans_2.png?resize=900,426 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1123px) 100vw, 1123px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A scan of a human hand obtained by Dr. Raj Gupta\u2019s research team testing out the new CT scan technology.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cemu003eCredits: Raj Gupta, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical Schoolu003c\/emu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"drugs\"><strong>2. Creating new drugs for disorders like Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An International Space Station study of the crystal structure of a protein associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), an incurable genetic disorder, provided hints for compounds that might inhibit it. A professor at the University of Tsukuba in Tsukuba, Japan used those hints to design several promising compounds, including TAS-205. A 2015 study verified the safety of TAS-205 for use in humans, and a small <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31957953\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial<\/a><\/strong> in human patients was published in 2017. A <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04587908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phase 3 trial<\/a><\/strong> to examine the effectiveness of TAS-205 in situations similar to actual clinical use began in Dec. 2020 and will continue until 2027. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research team estimates the drug may slow the progression of DMD by half, potentially doubling the lifespan of many patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"artificial-blood\"><strong>3. Forming the components for producing artificial blood for animals<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to showing promise in drug development, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency\u2019s (JAXA\u2019s) other work on <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crystallizing proteins<\/a><\/strong> in microgravity inspired development of an artificial animal albumin. Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood but is difficult to crystallize on Earth. Researchers used the space station to crystalize albumin from cats and dogs to better understand the structures of these proteins and how they are formed. Veterinarians in animal hospitals have trouble providing blood transfusion treatments since there aren\u2019t large stores of donated animal blood, an issue that could be positively impacted through potential application of this work to veterinary medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of crystals\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=400,300 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=900,675 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=1200,900 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ahh_pcg_eds_finding_keys_in_space_to_treat_diseases_on_earth.png?resize=2000,1500 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">Protein crystals formed in microgravity in the space station\u2019s Kibo Module.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cemu003eCredits: NASAu003c\/emu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"robotic-arm\"><strong>4. Robotic arm technology applications in an automotive factory<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The creation of space station robot <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/research\/experiments\/explorer\/Investigation.html?#id=747\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robonaut<\/a><\/strong> led to the development of an industrial strength robotic glove. NASA and General Motors (GM) developed a Robonaut prototype and tested it on the station, where it successfully performed simple tasks alongside astronauts. The team then reconfigured the hand-like portion of Robonaut into a wearable device to help both astronauts and auto workers avoid hand fatigue and injury. Initially called Robo-Glove, the device now is commercially available as Ironhand, produced by Bioservo Technologies of Sweden. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"student-research\"><strong>5. Student research in space<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>People born after November 2000 have always known life with humans in space: they grew up in a world with an International Space Station orbiting overhead. Call them Generation Station, those for whom space has always seemed accessible, a place where scientists from around the globe conduct research. Numerous students from around the globe have even sent their own research or code to station. They have helped conduct DNA sequencing experiments as a part of the Genes in Space program, or controlled robots using their code as a part of the Kibo Robot Programming Challenge. Many have designed and deployed small satellites from the space station, sending their work into low-Earth orbit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"heat\"><strong>6. Lowering heat in cities and tracking water<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Data from NASA\u2019s ECOSTRESS payload has already had many applications. ECOSTRESS measures subtle changes in temperature to identify plant stress. Those same measurements can be used to identify extreme heat, such as that produced by fires or lava flows, and to study movement of warm water currents and heatwaves in cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ECOSTRESS data has been employed in efforts to reduce heat absorbed by city surfaces, better allocate water, reduce fire risk in forests, measure plant stress, search for geothermal energy sources, track mosquitos, and help farmers efficiently water their fields. For example, Cool Streets LA researchers studying different materials that could reduce urban heat used data from ECOSTRESS to see how the surface heat of neighborhoods changed as they applied coatings. They found a thin gray coating can make an asphalt roadway reflect the sun like a concrete roadway, reducing surrounding heat about 2 degrees F.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/eo_aue_iss055e006395_sm.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/eo_aue_iss055e006395_sm.png?w=600\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of the exterior experiment facility on the space station\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 16%; object-position: 52% 16%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/eo_aue_iss055e006395_sm.png 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/eo_aue_iss055e006395_sm.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/eo_aue_iss055e006395_sm.png?resize=400,267 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">The suite of Earth-observing payloads attached to the Japanese Experiment Module is shown as the International Spaceu003cbru003eStation orbits over the southern Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand in 2018.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cemu003eCredits: NASAu003c\/emu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ultrasound\"><strong>7. Ultrasound procedures on Earth<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For people who live in major cities with fully equipped hospitals, having access to quick and accurate medical imaging technology is not usually a problem. However, when medical facilities are not within easy reach, accessing this technology can mean the difference between life and death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To care for astronauts aboard the International Space Station, crew members were trained to use a small ultrasound unit to examine fellow crew members through the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In partnership with the World Interactive Network Focused on Critical Ultrasound (WINFOCUS), the ADUM team took techniques developed for station astronauts and adapted them for use in remote areas on Earth by developing protocols for rapidly performing complex procedures with remote expert guidance and training. Using the ADUM methods, WINFOCUS has trained more than 45,000 physicians and physician extenders in over 60 countries. As local healthcare providers are empowered, more patients can access quality and timely diagnostic care, making the healthcare system more efficient by allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"air-filtration\"><strong>8. Apply station air filtration technology to fighting COVID and preserving food in grocery stores<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Using NASA\u2019s Advanced Astroculture (ADVASC) system, station crews successfully grew two generations of Arabidopsis plants, a model organism that is well understood and often used in fundamental biology experiments. The system provided precise control of environmental parameters for plant growth, including temperature, relative humidity, light, fluid nutrient delivery, and carbon dioxide and ethylene concentrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists adapted the ADVASC system for use in air purification on Earth. Initially used to prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetables in grocery stores, the technology drew the attention of winemakers, who used it in their cellars to enhance storage conditions. Multiple companies also now use this technology in air purifiers that were shown to be effective in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The companies have produced and distributed numerous purifiers during the pandemic. A separate technology tested for detecting contaminants on the space station went on to be included in an air sensor used on Earth to generate a \u201cvirus propagation risk index\u201d in shared spaces, letting people know to reduce crowding or take other steps to limit risk. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1354\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of an astronaut observing a plant experiment\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 45%; object-position: 50% 45%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png 3032w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=300,198 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=768,508 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=1024,677 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=1536,1015 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=2048,1354 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=400,264 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=600,397 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=900,595 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=1200,793 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/sp_syw_iss005e07212_from_io.png?resize=2000,1322 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson observes the Advanced Astroculture soybean plant growth experiment.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cemu003eCredits: NASAu003c\/emu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"colloids\"><strong>9. Colloids and everyday household products<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The latest formulation of Procter & Gamble (P&G)\u2019s Febreze Unstopables TOUCH Fabric Spray with touch-activated scent release technology is the company\u2019s first to incorporate materials based on its colloid research conducted on station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colloids are mixtures of tiny particles suspended in a liquid. They include natural mixtures such as milk and muddy water as well as manufactured products from shampoo to medicine. Studying colloids is complicated by the fact that gravity causes some particles to rise and others to sink. Microgravity removes that complication and makes possible research like the Advanced Colloid Experiments (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www1.grc.nasa.gov\/space\/iss-research\/iss-fcf\/fir\/lmm\/ace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACE<\/a><\/strong>) conducted by NASA, the ISS National Laboratory, and P&G.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P&G says that the work on the station helped them envision and understand the formulation, allowing them to create a fluid that looks and feels like water. As of 2022, station research has contributed to three new patents for the company. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"retinas\"><strong>10. Creating artificial retinas in space<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Artificial retinas could restore meaningful vision for the millions of people on Earth who suffer from retinal degenerative diseases. U.S.-based company LambdaVision has now flown experiments to the space station five times working toward their goal of manufacturing artificial retinas in microgravity. LambdaVision is evaluating a manufacturing process to develop artificial human retinas using a light-activated protein called bacteriorhodopsin, which could replace the function of damaged light-sensing cells in the eye. The process creates implants by applying layer after layer of a thin film. Microgravity may improve the quality and stability of the films by limiting the aggregation and sedimentation of particles that occur on Earth. The experiment that launched in Dec. 2021 demonstrated the manufacture of a 200-layer film for the first time in microgravity. This is a crucial step towards using the microgravity environment for life-changing medical manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cancer-treatment\"><strong>11. Making cancer treatments simpler for patients<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ISS National Lab sponsored PCG-5 study is focused on improving how drugs are delivered to patients. The study worked to grow a more uniform crystalline form of the monoclonal antibody Keytruda\u00ae, which is used to treat several types of cancers, including melanoma and lung cancer. Monoclonal antibodies do not dissolve easily in liquid. That makes it difficult to create a drug that can be given via an injection in a doctor\u2019s office rather than intravenously, requiring patients to spend hours in a clinic setting to receive the drug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The PCG-5, a Merck Research Laboratories study, produced high-quality crystalline suspensions that could make Keytruda\u00ae deliverable by injection, making treatment more convenient for patients and caregivers while significantly reducing cost. This work is ongoing, as is research on other potential therapeutics, according to Merck Research Laboratories. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dna-squencing\"><strong>12. DNA sequencing microorganisms around the solar system<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists use the International Space Station as a testing ground to study how to keep astronauts safe and healthy on long-duration missions. In 2016, NASA astronaut Kate Rubins successfully conducted the first DNA sequencing in space, opening the door to molecular biology research in spaceflight conditions. The team used a MinION (pronounced \u201cmin ion\u201d) sequencing platform, a device no bigger than a cell phone, to read the nucleic acid bases in samples sent to the station for study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This technology can enable scientists to quickly identify pathogens on the space station or on future exploration missions, and even potentially identify life on other planets in the solar system if it shares a common biochemistry with life as we know it on Earth. The use of the device in space can also help provide information to researchers using the device in remote locations on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/micro_ortm_iss048e069880_sm.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/micro_ortm_iss048e069880_sm.png?w=600\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of an astronaut working with an experiment\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/micro_ortm_iss048e069880_sm.png 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/micro_ortm_iss048e069880_sm.png?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/micro_ortm_iss048e069880_sm.png?resize=400,266 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">NASA astronaut Kate Rubins prepares for a run of the Biomolecule Sequencer experiment. It seeks to demonstrate, for theu003cbru003efirst time, that DNA sequencing is feasible in an orbiting spacecraft. A space-based DNA sequencer could identify microbes,u003cbru003ediagnose diseases, help researchers understand crew member health, and has the potential to help detect DNA-based lifeu003cbru003eelsewhere in the solar system.\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cemu003eCredits: NASAu003c\/emu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>NASA astronaut Kate Rubins prepares for a run of the Biomolecule Sequencer experiment. It demonstrated, for the first time, that DNA sequencing is feasible in an orbiting spacecraft. A space-based DNA sequencer could identify microbes, diagnose diseases, help researchers understand crew member health, and potentially help detect DNA-based life elsewhere in the solar system. Credits: NASA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"monitor-heat\"><strong>13. Monitoring heat safety on Earth<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Core body temperature rises faster during exercise on the space station than it does on Earth. ESA\u2019s (European Space Agency\u2019s) ThermoLab experiment has investigated body temperature regulation and cardiovascular adaptations in crew members since 2009. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Technology that measures body temperature developed for the study by German company Dr\u00e4ge has begun to make a difference on Earth. The devices are deployed in many clinics to monitor infant incubators and patients during surgery and have been used to study how extreme heat affects farmers in Kenya and Burkina Faso. Other applications of the device include monitoring for signs of fatigue in people working in extreme conditions, including firefighters and fighter pilots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"world-science\"><strong>14. Better understanding the fundamental science of our world<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Many experiments on station are uncovering new information and providing clues to long-standing scientific mysteries. This information helps researchers to further humanity\u2019s understanding of things like combustion or fluid physics, which can lead to improvements in everything from fuel efficiency to electronics cooling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When researchers on NASA\u2019s FLEX study analyzed fire suppressants by studying burning fuel droplets, they made a surprising discovery: continued, low temperature \u201cburning\u201d after apparent flame extinction. Now known as cool flames, this combustion process is distinct from the flames that keep us warm by the campfire. Typical flames produce soot, carbon dioxide, and water. Cool flames produce carbon monoxide and formaldehyde. Learning more about the behavior of these chemically different flames could lead to the development of more-efficient, less-polluting vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?w=1920\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"image of a student standing at a microphone\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/afrc2018-0150-069_large.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A student stands at a microphone as he asks NASA astronaut Serena M. Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor a question during a downlink event.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">u003cemu003eCredits: NASAu003c\/emu003e<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"inspiration\"><strong>15. Talking with station and inspiring the next generation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversations with astronauts, story times recorded by crew members, and educational science video recorded aboard station bring all of humanity along on its exploration of the cosmos. Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) provides students from around the world the chance to ask questions directly to an astronaut in orbit while learning the technical basics of ham radio operations. The program has now connected more than 250,000 participants with the space station and over 100 crew members. Hundreds of thousands of additional students have connected to astronauts through educational downlink as well, helping inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Lee esta historia en espa\u00f1ol <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ciencia.nasa.gov\/quince-maneras-en-que-la-eei-beneficia-la-humanidad-en-la-tierra\" rel=\"noopener\">aqu\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"15 Benefits of Space Station Research\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/o5DpMYDJ22o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Resources<\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/station\/research-explorer\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false\" aria-label=\"Space Station Research Explorer\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Space Station Research Explorer<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ISS_Research\" target=\"_self\" class=\"button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true\" aria-label=\"Follow us on Twitter!\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span class=\"line-height-alt-1\">Follow us on Twitter!<\/span>\n\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"button-primary-circle\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/benefits-for-humanity\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Station Benefits for Humanity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=400,225 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=600,338 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=900,506 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/benefits-cover-cupola-for-web-mod.png?resize=1200,675 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/latest-news-from-space-station-research\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Latest News from Space Station Research<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Space Station Research and Technology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/space-station-research-results\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Space Station Research Results<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg 6720w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first decade of the International Space Station was the decade of construction. The second decade moved from initial studies to fully using the orbiting lab. We have now entered the decade of results. With more than 20 years of experiments now conducted on the station, more breakthroughs are materializing than ever before. Explore 15 [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":256777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"64","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2735,3212,11285,2655,2662],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[3995,12225,8610,5093],"coauthors":[12410],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"15 Ways the International Space Station Benefits Humanity Back on Earth","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/15-ways-the-international-space-station-benefits-humanity-back-on-earth\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/15-ways-the-international-space-station-benefits-humanity-back-on-earth\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s118e09418\/s118e09418~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1307&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s118e09418\/s118e09418~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1307&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint"},"articleSection":"Missions","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Space Station Research Integration Office"}],"creator":["Space Station Research Integration Office"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Science & Research","International Space Station (ISS)","Benefits Back on Earth","ISS Research","Missions"],"dateCreated":"2022-07-23T01:10:00Z","datePublished":"2022-07-23T01:10:00Z","dateModified":"2023-10-02T17:58:31Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"15 Ways the International Space Station Benefits Humanity Back on Earth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/15-ways-the-international-space-station-benefits-humanity-back-on-earth\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s118e09418\/s118e09418~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1307&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2022-07-23T01:10:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Missions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Science & Research,International Space Station (ISS),Benefits Back on Earth,ISS Research,Missions\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Space Station Research Integration Office\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":12,"time_ago":"2 years","featured_image":{"id":256777,"file":"https:\/\/images-assets.nasa.gov\/image\/s118e09418\/s118e09418~large.jpg","title":"Exterior view of the ISS taken during the STS-118 Mission","alt":"","caption":"S118-E-09418 (19 Aug. 2007) --- Backdropped by a blue and white Earth, the International Space Station moves away from Space Shuttle Endeavour. Earlier the STS-118 and Expedition 15 crews concluded nearly nine days of cooperative work onboard the shuttle and station. Undocking of the two spacecraft occurred at 6:56 a.m. (CDT) on Aug. 19, 2007."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142324"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142324"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":662692,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142324\/revisions\/662692"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/256777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142324"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=142324"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=142324"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=142324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}