{"id":40603,"date":"2021-02-25T20:33:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T00:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?migration=converted-node-468535"},"modified":"2024-03-27T16:06:19","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T20:06:19","slug":"step-1-earth-analogs-help-advance-missions-to-moon-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-1-earth-analogs-help-advance-missions-to-moon-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Step 1, Earth: Analogs Help Advance Missions to Moon, Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header\">\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-0 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2\">5 Min Read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStep 1, Earth: Analogs Help Advance Missions to Moon, Mars\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1025\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp 7360w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=768,513 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=2048,1367 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=900,601 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=1200,801 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/hera_main.webp?resize=2000,1335 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" loading=\"eager\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"padding-y-3 padding-x-3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"hds-caption maxw-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><figcaption>Two inhabitants experience isolated living quarters as part of the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) project. Missions through HERA test how humans withstand prolonged isolation and confinement in preparation for missions to space.<br>Credits: NASA<\/figcaption><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>This article is part of a series that details each step NASA\u2019s Human Research Program is taking to prepare humans for long-duration missions to space. Step 1, described below, involves Earth-bound simulations of life in space. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-2-station-space-laboratory-as-testbed-for-moon-mars\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-2-station-space-laboratory-as-testbed-for-moon-mars\/\">Step 2<\/a> relies on research conducted on the International Space Station to better understand and manage the effects of long-duration missions. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-3-artemis-moon-missions-as-an-astronaut-testbed-for-mars\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-3-artemis-moon-missions-as-an-astronaut-testbed-for-mars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Step 3<\/a> tackles the challenge of keeping humans healthy in the deeper space environment of the Moon. For an overview of these steps, click<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> <\/a><\/em><i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<em>.<\/em><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As astronauts venture farther into the solar system to take the next giant leap to Mars, the first step to understanding how space travel affects <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/the-human-body-in-space\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/the-human-body-in-space\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">human health and performance<\/a> begins with research on Earth. NASA will take a steppingstone approach using knowledge gained on Earth and building on 20 years of research aboard the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Space Station<\/a> to send explorers to the Moon, through the agency\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\">Artemis program<\/a>, where they will gain experience for future missions to Mars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One-way NASA researches astronaut health is by using simulated missions on Earth, called analogs, to study what happens to humans in spaceflight-like conditions that can be replicated on the ground. NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Human Research Program<\/a> studies how humans adapt to challenges that astronauts will encounter on missions to the Moon and Mars by using extreme environments similar to space, such as remote places on Earth like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/antarctic-stations\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/antarctic-stations\/\">Antarctica<\/a>. The research aims to find ways to keep crew members healthy in body and mind, both during and after their missions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Together, analog studies, space station research, and lunar missions will reduce risks for Mars-bound astronauts in many ways. This includes helping develop approaches for astronauts to work efficiently and safely on another planet, perform well as a team, diagnose and treat medical issues, and manage radiation exposure and other critical factors essential to accomplishing Mars missions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?w=1536\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"STEPS 2 MARS INFOGRAPHIC\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png 2700w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=225,300 225w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=768,1024 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=1152,1536 1152w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=1536,2048 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=300,400 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=450,600 450w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=675,900 675w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=900,1200 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/steps2mars_infographic_embed1.png?resize=1500,2000 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Down to Earth<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Much of the research focuses on addressing the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/5-hazards-of-human-spaceflight-bkmix\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/5-hazards-of-human-spaceflight-bkmix\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> five hazards of human spaceflight <\/a>\u2013 radiation, isolation and confinement, distance from Earth, microgravity, and hostile\/closed environments \u2013 which can be simulated to some degree in facilities on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe hazards are the main stressors that can change the physical and mental health of astronauts.<strong> <\/strong>To address these issues, we need labs where we can reproduce and control as many related factors as possible,\u201d said Jennifer Fogarty, former chief scientist for the Human Research Program. \u201cThis is where analogs come into play.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ground-based analogs provide a unique way to study the effects of space exploration on humans with the benefits of research on Earth. For example, analogs offer access to a large set of volunteer participants and state-of-the-art equipment that does not need to be launched into space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnalogs allow us to study the effects of space exploration faster and cheaper because the research is easier to do on the ground,\u201d said Brandon Vessey, deputy element scientist for NASA Research Operations and Integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Human Research Program currently uses five ground-based analogs to learn how to address the hazards of human spaceflight and prepare for missions. The studies focus on testing the design of spacecraft habitats, as well as helping international crews work well together, maintain their mental health, and adjust to living in microgravity.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-media hds-module wp-block-image\"><div class=\"margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline\"><div class=\"hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto\"><figure class=\"hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?w=2048\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048\" alt=\"envihab\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg 5336w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/envihab-embed2.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><figcaption class=\"hds-caption padding-y-2\"><div class=\"hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0\">A person undergoes a tilted bedrest study at the German Aerospace Center\u2019s \u201c:envihab\u201d facility.<\/div><div class=\"hds-credits\">Credit: DLR <\/div><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>These analogs and the hazards they study are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/envihab\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/envihab\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">:envihab<\/a> (gravity, environment): Located in Cologne, Germany, this analog is largely used to study the effects of microgravity on the body. Volunteers are placed on strict<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/one-small-step-without-ever-leaving-bed\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/one-small-step-without-ever-leaving-bed\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> bed rest<\/a> in a position in which the head is tilted down at a slight angle for one to two months, to induce the effects of weightlessness on the body. The facility is also used to examine how elevated carbon dioxide exposure and artificial gravity, through centrifuge spinning, affect crews. Elevated levels of carbon dioxide may impact the health of astronauts living in a spacecraft, underscoring the need for reliable air filtration technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/antarctic-stations\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/antarctic-stations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Antarctic Stations<\/a> (environment, isolation): Scientists study how isolation and confinement affect cognition, as well as the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/clowning-around-lightens-the-load-nasa-studies-team-dynamics-in-antarctica\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/clowning-around-lightens-the-load-nasa-studies-team-dynamics-in-antarctica\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> teamwork and social relationships<\/a> of individuals working at research stations in the extreme environment of Antarctica over the winter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/nek-and-sirius\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/nek-and-sirius\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NEK<\/a> (isolation and confinement): In Moscow, Russia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasa-seeks-u-s-citizens-for-ground-based-simulation-of-life-in-space\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasa-seeks-u-s-citizens-for-ground-based-simulation-of-life-in-space\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">crews<\/a> of volunteers live inside a space station-like habitat for up to 12 months while researchers study the physical and mental health, social interactions, and team dynamics of those volunteers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/hera\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission\/hera\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Human Exploration Research Analog<\/a> (isolation, distance): Located at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston, this analog is a simulated exploration habitat for studying behavioral health, crew communication, medical capabilities, and how astronauts use equipment and technologies. HERA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/smd\/space-life-physical-sciences-research-applications-division\/human-research-program\/hera-mission-xix-departs-for-mars-moon-phobos\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/smd\/space-life-physical-sciences-research-applications-division\/human-research-program\/hera-mission-xix-departs-for-mars-moon-phobos\/\">simulations<\/a> can also look at the crew\u2019s ability to work autonomously. In a real mission to Mars, the crew members would experience communication delays due to the distance from Earth and would need to work together, with only sporadic input from Mission Control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/radiation\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/radiation\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Space Radiation Laboratory<\/a> (radiation): NASA teamed with the U.S. Department of Energy to establish a lab at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York to help assess health risks associated with space radiation. The lab uses beams of ions to<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/galactic-cosmic-ray-simulator-brings-space-down-to-earth\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/general\/galactic-cosmic-ray-simulator-brings-space-down-to-earth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> simulate <\/a>cosmic rays and assess the effects on biological samples and equipment. This research helps to improve risk assessments for humans and develop techniques to reduce those risks as astronauts travel beyond Earth\u2019s protective magnetosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Path Forward<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research conducted in analog environments will help ensure the women and men on future missions to the Moon and Mars will remain safe and productive. The research also is helping astronauts on the space station live and work in low-Earth orbit for months at a time, in preparation for longer and farther missions from Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><code>____<\/code><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NASA’s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Human Research Program<\/a>, or HRP, pursues the best methods and technologies to support safe, productive human space travel. Through science conducted in laboratories, ground-based analogs, and the International Space Station, HRP scrutinizes how spaceflight affects human bodies and behaviors. Such research drives HRP\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/nasas-human-research-program-three-steps-to-mars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">quest<\/a> to innovate ways that keep astronauts healthy and mission-ready as space travel expands to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details\">\n<section class=\"padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-14\">Details<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading\">Last Updated<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-8\">Mar 27, 2024<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0\"><div class=\"padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black \"><div class=\"margin-bottom-2\"><h2 class=\"heading-14\">Related Terms<\/h2><\/div><ul class=\"article-tags\"><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/\">Humans in Space<\/a><\/li><li class=\"article-tag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\">Human Research Program<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles\">\t\t<section class=\"hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-4\"><h2 style=\"max-width: 100%;\" class=\"width-full w-full maxw-full\">Explore More<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/kennedy\/nasa-mission-strengthens-40-year-friendship\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"289\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?w=289\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg 2154w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=289,300 289w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=768,796 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=988,1024 988w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=1482,1536 1482w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=1976,2048 1976w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=386,400 386w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=579,600 579w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=868,900 868w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=1158,1200 1158w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/billy-stover-and-butch-wilmore-at-ncaa-ceremony-1.jpg?resize=1929,2000 1929w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Mission Strengthens 40-Year Friendship\u00a0<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/solar-system\/planets\/mars\/nasa-selects-commercial-service-studies-to-enable-mars-robotic-science\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg 4798w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1-viking-mars-globe.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA Selects Commercial Service Studies to Enable Mars Robotic Science<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3 days ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/missions\/station\/iss-research\/nasas-commercial-partners-deliver-cargo-crew-for-station-science\/\" class=\"color-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?w=300\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/starliner-crew.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subheading margin-bottom-1\">4 min read<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"margin-bottom-1\"><h3 class=\"related-article-title\">NASA\u2019s Commercial Partners Deliver Cargo, Crew for Station Science<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"square-2 margin-right-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"16px\" height=\"16px\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" style=\"enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><g><g><path d=\"M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z\"\/><path d=\"M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1 week ago\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"\" class=\"hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards\">\t\t<div class=\"grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2\">Keep Exploring<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"heading-36 line-height-sm\">Discover More Topics From NASA<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/living-in-space\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Living in Space<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"370\" height=\"618\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?w=370\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png 370w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?resize=180,300 180w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?resize=239,400 239w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/meir-2.png?resize=359,600 359w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/artemis\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Artemis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg 5504w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1365,2048 1365w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Artemis-I.jpg?resize=1333,2000 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/hrp\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Human Research Program<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png?w=404\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png 404w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png?resize=229,300 229w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/jasmin2.png?resize=305,400 305w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/international-space-station\/space-station-research-and-technology\/\" class=\"mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Space Station Research and Technology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><circle class=\"color-nasa-red\" cx=\"16\" cy=\"16\" r=\"16\"><\/circle><path d=\"M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z\" class=\"color-spacesuit-white\"><\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"hds-media-background  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536\" alt=\"\" style=\"transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;\" block_context=\"nasa-block\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is part of a series that details each step NASA\u2019s Human Research Program is taking to prepare humans for long-duration missions to space. Step 1, described below, involves Earth-bound simulations of life in space. Step 2 relies on research conducted on the International Space Station to better understand and manage the effects of long-duration missions. [...]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":637931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2656,3811],"news-tags":[],"internal-terms":[11528],"coauthors":[8643,12303],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Step 1, Earth: Analogs Help Advance Missions to Moon, Mars","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-1-earth-analogs-help-advance-missions-to-moon-mars\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-1-earth-analogs-help-advance-missions-to-moon-mars\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/stepstomars1.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/stepstomars1.png"},"articleSection":"Humans in Space","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Nathan Cranford"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Jennifer Turner"}],"creator":["Nathan Cranford","Jennifer Turner"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["NASA Directorates","Science Mission Directorate","Space Life & Physical Sciences Research & Applications Division","Human Research Program","Humans in Space"],"dateCreated":"2021-02-26T00:33:00Z","datePublished":"2021-02-26T00:33:00Z","dateModified":"2024-03-27T20:06:19Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Step 1, Earth: Analogs Help Advance Missions to Moon, Mars\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/humans-in-space\/step-1-earth-analogs-help-advance-missions-to-moon-mars\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/stepstomars1.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2021-02-26T00:33:00Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Humans in Space\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"NASA Directorates,Science Mission Directorate,Space Life & Physical Sciences Research & Applications Division,Human Research Program,Humans in Space\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Nathan Cranford\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Jennifer Turner\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":5,"time_ago":"3 years","featured_image":{"id":637931,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/stepstomars1.png","title":"stepstomars1","alt":"HERA","caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40603"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40603"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":637904,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40603\/revisions\/637904"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/637931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40603"},{"taxonomy":"news-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tags?post=40603"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=40603"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=40603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}