REF ID:A69476 

·---........--~.--...-.....----..,- ~ _.,...,,..-._ - __,._ - _ .. ,,,__, _. _ ~ -- Of...FICE I FROM: 

01: THE: 

OHIEF · 

sfoNAL"' 

ott1cER . 

w 

... 

.. 

ACTION: 

NO: 

SPSIS-ib. IS-lh-04592 FIL.E DESIGNATION: 

None 

9 May 1945 

S!6RE!P 

Record of Trial of German Saboteurs 

·-----~ -....-...-..-.. -- -- ~--------------

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 07-14-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 
--- --

:;~~ -

- --~- = ~-- .... REF ID:A69476 

:-___ :_ ·'So A ET 

J ARMY ERVICE FORCES 

SIGNAL SECURITY AGENCY 

WASHINGTON 25, D. C. 

IP!lS-l. 9 lay 191.5 

,:UIJlCTa l\eaor., of Trial of Oerman ~abotev.~1 

!01 A1s1etant Coiaaan~•nt 

8iana.\ SeolD"it7 Ac•nq 

l, Inolo1~~ for inforiDAtlqn en~ ttl• wit.bin Signal 

Stc\11'1\.;y Aaeuq &re tour eo~ic1 or a l\i1e•t or information \f~ir•n 

trO!ll. the lteeor.d ol "1'!9bl ot lllli.'1• c. Colepauch an"'! 1.r1ch Gi.pel, 

acawse4 ae Qe.n1an eepionage agent~. 

a. In a aaorand\11!! 0£ A7 116.rch l?.'5 frr»~. \he Co:D::r..nrling 

Otticer ot Sipcl Securi t7 A1enoy to the Deput7 Chi•! ot Mil! bey 

lntelllgence !el"'Yic• it was recueEteJ t.ht.t llIS procur~ tl'om t.hft 

Ju.d-'e Adwoat.e Oener•l'1 Departaent. tho t:rl.'l.nacript ot te1U!90JV' 

, . 

tak~• 1D the trial or Colep&ugb and Gi11pel an-! tons.rd that. r•o~rd 

t,,o Si1n.al Secur1 f.J ~enq tor 1.nto:nu t.:lon. RoweTtir, bec&UBllJ cnly 

. -. 

one C0~1 or t.l:.e Reoord or Trial ie aY•il•~le •n~ beCaUl'9 or \he 

Yolurai?IOUI mture or Ute record (' wlue"'' conei•t.i~ of S69 pace• 

of t..rtlao117 an~ lO~ exhibit1), the Ju~&• ~dToc•t• Gener~l'• te-

,.rtment ••• unwillir~ to rel••·~ the r11.. J.rr4ng@m~nt6 ·~ro th~r•­

tor• ... ~. thro~h Lt. Color.81 Dul\co•t>. of Ml~ f~r the un~erf1gn~d 

to 'ri.JU. the .Jud~• J..dvocate General• a t'ep1trt:aeont and •x•.¥o1ne the 

tile 1n t.h~t ottlce. Tb• inolo1•~ dlaeet •w=t~rriae• thoec portion~ 

Of the t.er.tl!IOr.tT dealiq Wl th HCU"dt inkP.1 micro)1bot°'r1phf, aipher 

11•t•m• an~ cl~nde~t1ne r•~io co:m:nmicAt!~n. 

). llthoUith thir: 1nfonet.1on n1 or1.ginallJ' requested b7 tho 

Laboratorr Branch, it ir belie~ed tbFt tho Director of C~:niaun1cati~ns 

leeeerch, Sicn•l fl.curit," AcenCT Rl•torien, Int.ell1ienee ~1Tiolon, 

aa~ Co.m=un1cat1~~ Branch 11e7 aleo be interested ic th• inelosed 

Hport.. 

l. lnelorure 

1. lepor:t (J.. CJ•) 

WILL.AP.Ii Ill. J. lilFd> 

Captain. ~icn•l Corp• 

Liai•on Otticer to ~IS 

SECREi-= 

/ 
-------------------

9 lay 1345 

lHlORMATIOH TAKFH 1ROJ 'lHF R~COHD OF TP.I~L 01 

'IILJ..lAld C. COLfPAUGH >.HD !RICH GIMPEL 

* * .. * * * 

lnaex 

I. General !nfor~ation •• • • • • .. • Pu.ge ~ 

II. Cipher Systems • ••• • • • • • •• Pece 3 

III. Micro~hotogr~phy • • • • • • ••• Pago 7 

IV. Radio Co.':12!Un1cetion • * • • • • • Page 8 

'· Secret Inks •• - , • • • • • • 

.. 

l 

b!CRE:T 
REF ID:A69476 

SE:GAE-r 

111'~.fi.i,t.}. TIOJC T/.~"FN .FROM. THF ftFOORD 01 TRIAL or 

WILUJJl c. COLEPAUGil A8D WCB GIMPEL 

I. GDl!RAL IMFOBMATIOI 

l. 1"1ll1na Curtis Colep&.\llh, a native of the United St.t1tea, 

an1 irioh G1m))4'1, a "Ger.~an, lett Ger:Ji-ey 1D October 1144 1·boer1i a 

Ger-1an •ubia&rine an l h.nded 54 dqs later ott the c:>P-et o£ Maine 

OD th~ niaht of ~~-JO Nove~ber 19~4, at French:itan1a Bay, proceeding 

'thence to Jew York City where ttiey were apprehended by the FBI the la1t. 

weak ol teoe:nber 1944 and eubae uentl7 ti. ... icd in J6nuer7 1945 bJ' a 

lilitar:r COlll'tf.i~sion &nd c~nTioted UD er the s~nd ArLicle or ~.r. The 

tollowirig infor~·tion is ~en frail the Reoord at 1'riel o! these ~en, 

on tile in the O!!lce ot Ju•lie Mvoce.te Geru-ri.tl, U. S. Arrq. The 

Record of Trial is claselfied Sl'CR..v.?. 

2. Before lee.Vint; Ger-...i.cnr, Colep&ugb 11.D~ Gimpel wora ;iven a 

Le1oa fil:I bea:rlrc the nemoe of 20 Ailerlcan priaionera or war interned 

in Ge7'1MilJV" "To be useJ by ug in th~ event we wisheC. to corr01-pond •1th 

Berlin." (Colepfugh's te~tl~on;r, P• 3) "Wo were to wr1t.e en 1.noououe aeus~<- or letter, but the inf'ori» \A.or. Yre desired to 't.rans'llt •oul(l be 

plaoe1 ~n th~ letter lr$ u~ in e~cret ink 6nd All lett~rs 101~ to those 

America.n pr1:onera or war "oulc! be exr.:. nt-d b7' the Etocurit7 Ar:D)" in 

Berlin ••••• On the &aJU ~ey I :11a.;~e :a1crophotogrt1p.1'.lic ~ota on a 

.tilJa, which .lots conta1i::.od instruati ·ns r ...... r Gi•pel on bow to builJ a 

radio an 3 aleo for receiving en~ tr~nemitting aeaaages •hen we roeched 

the United 5tcst.ee, wc.ve lengtl:ls and t.111-9 for receivi°' an-'t tr~na11111tt1JJC 

••sea&••, an~ the two n8lleG or 1nd1v1duels ser•!ng aG 111til drop• in 

Li•bor. aXld M&~r1d which were t~ be ueed b7 Gi~pel in t.rarie~lttin~ secret 

aen&ges.• 

). Colepaugh' 8 testi.:<Ol'.J't cont! l'U1 ng, p. )a •.tn DrePtien we were 

civen a aJcrophotogrt.ph1c ap, e.rc.tus whlch we put aboard th•~ aub.'larir..e. 

Thia W&& to be uso.t t.o •al!:~ pb.otogr•.phic uots for iJOSDible trtinsaission 

of intol"tlll.tion tre!a the United St~tea anti to enabi~ us to reen euoh ~ota, 

but •• left the apparatus on tho aubm~r1ne bec•uee it •~s t~o h~&vy t~ 

csrcy, in dew of our weakene1 condition etter t.h~ lo~ t.rlp. Woe were 

aleo 11ven ••••• ~cret ink en~ a aup.17 of developir.g powder to 

develop Brr/ eecret meHfl.gee th1.1;. ••re 1ent. to u• in tho Uni t.ed Str;tas. 

•• were g1v1n a co~~ !or aen~in;: mess,~es on the radio, utili11r.g es a 

base tho words 'Luc1cy" Strike Cigsrstie• 1 It's Toasted. 1 • 

2 

SEer1E-r .. 
~~-------------------------~ REF ID:A69476 

~~eRET 

4• Oiaptol• • tea:timot>T1 p. 61 11 1 wa• to build an 80-ntrt rttd1o 

t.rani&1tter i:c. the United St.ates, and GeraarIJ' 1'115 to a~rt sen.:11rc 

meGacge1 to •e ••••• They 1a•o ine the Lt"icr. ce::ttre. in 06se I could 

not ml' :<e rt -4'1.o c.,ntetct w1 th G .. rr,a;nT • • • • • I w1. s to u: e the L"1 Ch 

cr;met-a. to aakt> up aicrodots, •n" the•e were to be maile:i to Gerutl7 •• 

• • • I ftB to get. in contE ct. with smc neutrttl ship to cerry the 

letters over.• 

II. CIPHER S!ETEMS 

''" Colepe.ue"l' n explanation ot tl1e a1pher qet,..111 to 'be u~ed ror 

ra~1o co:n..-iun1c!·t1on w1 t11 G1·r;we117 ap e&rs on p. ))9 li Hf! ot thP. Record 

or Trial 1n th(' wsti.'80IJ7 of nn 1Bl egf"rit t:ho Btf.tP..\ thi.t Colept1U&h 

":J...!Tised that t,.,,. first atep 1n the u~e tJf this code tre.9 to tcJce a 

f~a1lier phr••• be~ring )l letters. ln Berlin, 7ih11~ the 112.ttt"r ~es 

bei~g ~15eu•sed With GiMpel en~ hi~~~1r, he happr.n~d t,o notice th-. 

phr~r.e •tuct;r Strike Ci&arettes, It•• Toi~tedH in e aagazine in th• 

ottice 1u.d t~ct. hapj..en:-c\ to be 31 leto;.er& so ht" chOFP. th11t one •• •~~111' re~eabel"od. 

11The fir::t etep ir1 eetting up a :ser-n1ge for coding is to teke 

the t ... hraee •tuc!q f!tr1ite Ct1erett:.ea, lt'"' Toeeteid11 1..nr., etartirie in 

the left., plecP. the l•tters ot thP phran w1 th one s~ce in bet•een 

each letter until 16 letters or th~ phrLFe h~v• been put rlown. Thu9 

ft hc.ve .1-J:L-.£-;r-.r.-.!.-.!- sm 10 on Ui> to the •ixteenth letter. The r"'.-

ma1n1ne 15 letters are tn•n rlec~~ 1n t.b.ose e=pt1 &pbce: st.tarting ~t 

the ~pace whieh represen~• the month in ~he 7~~r in which th~ aePra&e 

is. l!l&Jlt. l'~ ••su-r.~ het·e thet this •e&11.uige 11&8 be1r.g Hnt on J.pril .26th, 

•o th~ tourth epec9 in this cc.re would be l,~,J.4, nx• ~ that ia ~te 

•even~e~ntb l~tter at •tuck)' Strike Cigarettee, It 1 c Toaste~,• so the 

letter goett t.'1~rc &nrf ,-ou contir.u~ with the lS re:naining letters or t.he 

phr&ee F-J:-~-a-.1.-t-.1-.&• f\n ~ 110 on. In ot~r 11ord~, rlcb.t throutth until 

t.hC!' rcaa1,-.fni 1"5" iet..t"'rB r.ave boen CO:"lpleted, y<'ur leet ) letters goitt~ 

her~ (po.Ltir~). 'ib~t &ivoe you the phres~ in e ditf~rent order, th~ 

•Mle letter£\ tn e- .iiffe!'f."'nt order. 

1 'l'he ne:rt 1tep 1c to give th~~• 1)6.rt1cul~r letters nurneric~l value- Th~ t ls con.- alrhftbt"t1cdl7. the first "'-" in tl\ift gr<)Up 1!- gi'"ttn t.hfll 

Wtlue 11 the 11ecorid 9 1" i~ given the Yalu~ ~. It th~r& ~~re more •A•a• 

they 1'<'uld be~r the eucceedir~ nu~bera. l'h~·A are no mor~ ·~•s• an1 therP are 

r.o"B1 ~·, ~o th~ fjrrt letter 8 C" 1!, &iver, the ve..lue .3 ar..~ eo on uratil )1 

letterF ha..-e bften given Yblu~s up to 31. 
----- REF--n>--:A69476 

<iECRET 

•'!h" next. 1tep 1e to black out b"low the muar,rels a. p~ce e.;ual 

to t.he nua">er or d&te ot the ~nth izi which the •"seage iff to bo sent. 

T"ni& ie April :c.6thJ Colepaugh bla.c'lced out the •pace un~er April 26th. I~ going oTer the 11&tter later he eei~ th&t th~ bl&ckout should go beto~e 

t.he date or the month. • • • • HoweTer, inaeMuch a• he ~ut it here we •111 

conti~ue thftt ""7 oe it will be ole•rer to TOU. 

•thci. atartlri& e.t the 1J)l'.o.e to t.he right of the blt-ck-out t.h~ 

••siieo is '1l'in.ted. In this ease hf' ht.• put f.oYD "11&e a.uto b1: t.ter7 

eUr. Yoit," &n1 then ~t the end ot the 1ent5noe he vuts in till-in letters. 

Here h~ b&s two 1 1 • an~ two t•e. Bere he has •1 b.ae ~ell ti~e hops 

Jou are having a good time al10• knrl till-in lett~rs an~ "Jill meet 1ou Tu~~da7, Walter"• which ie hi& code Ii8.Jle, er,~ thr.n he muP.t put in fill-in 

letter1 eutfiolent to Rilke the total nwaber of lettere in the mese~ge 

diT!flible by five. You notice he akil).P.•1 the blf'.clt-ou't 6pi.oe &E hi!' 

c~~~ to 1~. · 

''.Che ne~t &t~p in wording ~his aessage 1~ ~o UEr the e~•e letter& 

but put them in e dlffaL"ent order. Je e.ccompliEhed th• .. t b)" rc~d!r.g 

f:roJs the nuemrice..l Yt.luee ate.rtina a.t lJ I A ! 1a placed down hori:1onta117 

here. Ther. goir.g t.o ~. 1 R T, anf eo on, readir.g !ro:n tho? verticbl and 

putt.11 i 1 t in t.tu. horizontal line. In oth~r wore a, this group of lettera 

i• the nm~ ar: thie •!th tho exception thbt they have been t;rEo.nspooed. 

the next 1tep ia the s&me. This group of letterE ir tr•nspos 0 d once 

aore, For instance, •• etarted at letter l,-.,. 0 T, 'tfhich goe• horiaonte.l~ 

or JO TJ under~, X RT IM i. Hera we have MM f, ~n• thie 1~ the grouptn~ 1~ W".!oh the ll9BP6~e will tinally be sent. Therefore, it ts 

sepe.rr.t.ed in groupf; or tive letter•. 

•tht,; t !.!: oontinut?c tJDt11 10U co.:ne to the third en'l t vurth group• 

fro.A ~'le- end of the ::l8&Faige. Those &re Uttl'~ !-Jr th,.. ke7 in dacodin.J 

the •esBaee, so tbe7 are left O~knk as this trhn&p~sitioi. wea. I~ order 

t.o b1..iJ.ld up thOf\9 two group& thia key 16 Ufllf"d. '!'aid?'~ thf9 f!lo'\ltth o! the 

7e&r in .tlich th~ messnbe is aent the lettera are li~t~n. ur.til lO let~ere 

are ~own .:>n the pa.pFir. Mow it ao hap1 ·ene t~t April bae 5 letters, eo it 

ie •~re}J' a repe&t at ARJil ta get 10 le~ters. H~d it been !&nu·17, tJhich 

baa 7 letters, 10~ have &(~IJ nn4 Jep ~a~ing up the io letters. Tbete 

letter& a·e then given nU11eiYc~1 'ft.l~in the ease 11C:.nr.~r ~s we did in 

praTiou6 1t~p5. A is 11 J. i• &, a~t eo forth, until the lettera have been 

elven TalueP. The one with the 10 lo not carried overJ it lt mer•l.T o. 

•Then the word. Dt:p.t.~chlin·~ ir pb.ce~ beiow theaa nuaer~ls. Oa1 t the 

l.i!at D1 hulFi;uch •• 10 letters are re \lired, ew• 7ou •ill notice thtt 1.he wo~ Deut~Cblt-n~i has no rcpeat1.r.._; letterE. Bclo1F the l'Or\i !Jeut.ehclall'i 

tbf' re:na1r!ir'6 letters or the alphebet. ar·e. placed down. There han A, eo 

no j. 1E ~·ut. rt.own.. Ko BJ ao a B 111 put l'.lown. There .le a C an·~ D. lfo l'J 

r 10•~ downJ eo on untll tbP rem~irii)\? letterr or the alph•bet h6va been 

pl.&.ced uneer reutechbnj. 'Ibis then is uee<\ ae a k('7 in bu1ld1f16 up the 

4 

-SECRET 
thir~ and fourth 1roups fro3 the end in buil.1~ up th~ •~eeai•• 

•the ne1t 1tep iF to take the 7th ti.r~ 8tb groUIJS tro .~ t.b.e beg1nninc: 

ot the 111et1eece• !bet ii thi11 I R fl A .l T '? L 0 I, l!:lnd they are plaoed. 

dO'flll here. The ll\lllP.TiCal (ie£11..gnp,tionf Of ther" lettere 8.l"P then placed 

belOll thera. '!• you will notice 11! t.hf!' T1um.oral ;, 110 th• 5 is pl11ced 

below !. ft la th~ nua~ral 1, 10 th t ie pl.free~ below th~ R, en~ so on, 

until t.hl! pro~r numerals tro11 thb ke;r haTe been plnee·~ bf'low these 

letters. Bo:ilo- thone Jl\llll"rals are plaoed on the 7t.h group a B'!'riea ot nu11n·1~ls repreeenting th'! da7 or th"!' aonth on •hlch thE" ll"9Sfltige 1e aer.t.. 

!h1i wa sen\ on tbe ~6th o! April, eo •e have &, O separeit!r~ the t11'o 

Cl'OUpe or numeral• •n·\ ¬her ~6. Un.r:ierneeth the StJi group 11'e he.ve the 

aonth ot the 7o~r in which the aeaPa~e ia•~ent an~ the number of groups 

in the ···~age, 90 1l'e have 04 "Which 1• .A.pril 2nn 0 eepar&ti?Jg it. rrolll 

th!" m.amber ot groups and 2~ reprcsP.nting the 11U111bcr of group&:. Those 

.nu.aernla aro i:1Jded tog'"th"'r •ithout ceireyin:; over &.JJ7 r.Wllb,rr;. 60 this 

ie tho result of the addition of th~F• two groups or numbers without 

&nJt.h.1nz carried oYer. 

'These nUllbers then rcpreeent whtt 10 into the thirj and fourth 

croup; troia the end ot the menage, except t.lt··t they aust nOY be tran9-

po1ed b11c1t into letters. Jgdn 1"e go bhck to the !te7. '7 coulti be an 11:, 

1 or v. We chooe!E' V here and put it down bdow thf' 7. It we have 

uot.her 7 we wr'11lri.n1 t use th~ SW19 ;Lel.ter1 we u2e the F rath~r then the 

V &g£1111 ar..d 10 on fro:a thill 'kq eub&tituti:ng letters for the nu:sl'.l'rals. 

tou 1.otice th.It ... J.o not put aey vowel• in those ~.,. groupa. Colepa:ugh 

1&11! the t. if Towels were ~ut ir. there 1 t ttould show th. t. the agent• were 

working under control, thPt \.hey •ere actuell.1' working with the Onited 

8t1.tc11, bei~ ap,.il"ehendecl,, 1111·i th t we Yere •ending the meet-egea rather 

than the agents these .. lwa. 

•then we tc.ke th~Pe two groups an~ put thea buck into the mese6ge 

as the t.hir·\ and fourth groups rro:l the end &nrl ttud;. 11:' ;your :aer;:t age &a 

it 1, •ent on t.be ra~1o.' 

6~ 'l'he cipher 51ate~ describe~ in the foreioing pgregraph ie 

turf.her illustr~ted in E:ahibit 96 or th~ R~cord or Tri.e.l. aa followa1 

' 

SECRET 
L f u I c D lt ! ! T 8 f T I It s I I I. T E s c T I 0 G J. .l s I 

.162430 6 .3 5 14 7 31 2S 20 26 'i.7 81.6lllll21548 9 ;.2 4 «.'9 l) 17 10 l :r! ~) 19 

u s I .& u T 0 B J. T T E a y (' 

.. I l v 0 

L 't l l ! I I i .l D s tr l L L T I 14 I Ii 0 p ! y 0 u '· B. E H 

J v I I G A '1 0 0 D T I • ! Ji. .. 5 0 1 1 , .. I L L :I E 'E T I 0 

tJ t u ! 8 D .A y l l ., J. L T I R :x J; Q 1 z 

1 A '! l a T I G s T p l y ' D 1 11 E H 

\D ... f""'- it' 

,.i 0 ! C' E • L A 1i x I f u I u ... L R T 1 s l R I L I G A 0 I 0 I .. . ;1 en 

\D ..\, u I 0 • ! L ~ T 0 Ii 0 s T w • L A ! T 0 .,, z ' E ! T v T D 

,:( " A • ,; 

Q D I v " 1 A B I l 0 ! I L l. I u .i 0 l 

1-1 

~ 

~ mm YllOIP IIUlA UIBL APRIL ~6 

UUSl SitDJ. tlUW. nLOI APilLJ,P!llL 10 letter• 

1 7 ,, 3 5 :-.. 8 0 i. 6 

l1J.tl IlilO WI.Gt mm ,DYU'!'SCHLt I leE1ve ot! laet D, aa 

. ~ F'G l J ! I O P Q this aalr.e• 10 let.tera ,. Jl'lSO! wrur BO!OT IJlD' .LliWIYZ 

QtIBEl EOIBS TVLKF VFBQL 7th aDd Stb ~rou.pa 

Irutil 'l'TLO! 

r 

ElLZS UUXE.X 5ll4L ).>t'OS 

100 letter• ... liV ... 6 <..6.:Q-. 

., , 8 i"rca begi~ .£\) groups 77l60 370~7 -(4tb group trm end) 

;, 4 1'3.-oll .. '2 groupe 

VFBQL TVLIJ' 
• .~. - L 

~-JD:A69476 ._;ECRr:. I 

III. llCROPB.OTOGRAPHt 

7. In Colepaugh1 • testi&on)', P• 9, he explE.in'-'•.i it woe planned 

he en 1 Ci•pel would •uke ur:e ot th.ei 111cro:.'ota in t&dng photoa;rapha 

or •1ar pl&nt.e, uterittls Wl•' othPr ite!lll to be eent to Ger;;j(ony.n 

Colepeugh said he hfo·i been lntor.ud in UP.rma.oy he waa the f1r5t 

Jaer1cc·n to have ••eD the Oer-a.n e: uip'!I- r.t u110:-d for photogr111phir.g 

111.crodote. An FBI 11,zent teFtiticd at. the trie.l thtst Colepaugh hfld 

•tated he and Gimpel ~•ere elven treirJ.r.g in the fliorophotogr&phic 

dots 1n Berlin on 1 shortly' betorP. t.he7 lert Berlin he 11arie the &otusl 

a!.crot1otfi which ertt th ... Goverment• s exhib1 t, usir-e th·:: ldcrophoto- 1r~pbic e.ppar&tus ••••• He edvi:ed thP.t. th111 apparatua or •6chine 

•~• .. t up ae tollow1a 

•~e •~id that it wca a box-like affair powered 0bJ a six-volt 

automobile b~t~erJ. The current tr""1 thie tea into a bulb which &ppeered 

to be llD ordini.?'J' beedlight bulb or •n automobile with no ranector .. Tbe light fros this bulb pnsse~ through a convex lens, t.hPn throuch t.h~ tils .Uich bore the iuia~n to be reducei to the •icrodot. Thh lfhE 

ord1n•-r,r Le1C6 Cl!laert til•• Aft.er pauing t.hrv~h t.h" fil.11 th~ light 

beu-1~ t.he iv.ge went t.llrot.J«h e Pttriea of lenH• wh1 ch reduced the 

aise o! the iae.~e arr:1 ~al10 throuch a aeries or llirrors wbeonevt"r 1 t w£1 

nece-=t: 17 to bend t.be light. tt £.inell.1' hit a prin s:t th~ bt.a;e ot ~he 

box whioh def'lected the light at a 9C degree e.ngle up to the 16-

ail lia~ter tilm which was to bear the microdot. 

•rhi~ fil..!Jl1 aE he oxpl1 1n-d it, c~'~ on rollR or ~bout i• or 

1-1/;(.".. It hu1 bf!e.n 1pec1E:ll.J' trt'cit~i:i with chnicals 110 thPt aiv 11\E.ge 

ap;:.Pl'-ring thereor. eoul.: be enlrrge.i an~ st11J. ~1ve e. oleeor 1ra• . .:e. It. 

,,., wo\11\1 on t.wo rollb en 1 , e.tt•r :rn exporur1J ~es t· ~en, one re~l would 

be ~o-.ed up to t.h" ne7t not.ch gi't"iJli •. 1,_.1t1.,11Pl tila for another exposure. 

Aft.·•r t.~e exp.:>t'ure ns ta ·•n, an.~ incid~nt.El.17, he mentioned that the 

lqth 0£ e:xpoF\l.rlt ~Pj.~en·'e-1 on th_, age of the !1J.JI &S it. ~etE'rioratud 

rapidl;y, f.o th{ t# th• length of e:xposure v• .. r141='d !ro:J 20 1ec.:in:l1 to 4 

mlnu\t!&.. ift-:.r 1~ 1't>.8 ezpoee! it Y.'llS r4)rl".>Ve·j and plr!icec 1n s. highly 

concentrat~d deTeloper. 

•l'he pan bearing thtt developer wa11 cooled b;y ice 10 th!'::t t.t •.'.>uld 

protect the f1ls while it •~F beirig developed. The !ila w&e plft~e~ in 

the pua t .Jur ltli11ut~• ani th6'n in En ordinar,r mixture for thr.Je ::1lnuter,. 

It. wus t.ben dried. In order to i..irove whPth r the mlcro.1ot wtits oorreat,ly 

pleoed :m th«! fil.11 an.J bad been Ci'f'cn the ~·ropc:r 8XiJ:>Eure en:l d8Vl"l0pP.d 

properly, it Wfa theQ place~ back into the mc-ch'.ne by- aebns ot clipe into 

the aame espoaure end then loo~in.( ·iown a tube wt;1ch ColePhut!h believ&J 

t.o be e hi&h-powert:d aicrorcopc, it Wflf. poPribl., to see the aicro:;ot end 

·7 

SE(~RET 
REF ID:A69476 

it ••• enlc.r11ed 11utticientl7 to 11oe whether the Job ha·i be1&n properl1' 

done.• 

8, Th• Rccol\.1 o! Trie.11 P• 101 potnts out th~t 01.llpel bad brolJ&ht 

with hi'!!\ f'ro!l Q.,r·r~ey seven rolls o! DliiW (unu•ed) Ieop11n film. The fil• 

ns later deYelopt>:! b;;r the FBI, but. JiEclost'd not.hi°' on it.. Thn film 

was contain~~ in packagea bor.rirl.g the following l&bel& 

r 

!SOPAN '1 

f einkorn 

Fi:ne Gr~ iri 

Grt-ln Fin 

Grc..no .Fino 

NJ"IJ. 

J;1' iJlll 

10 

';!.'f' Sch. 

J500 H. & D. 

Patronf! 

Cartridge 

Ce.rtroucho 

Cartrucho 

9. 'l'be &trip of Lele~. fil.n t~en !rom. Colep6~h e.n·'. Giapel showed 

lO aicrodot.a, each about l/16" lon.; er,~ cPntere~ or. the 16-11illimetor 

tila atrip. To dev~lo th~ dotr- ane r~he the ~rinted 1n£or~~t.1on the7 

contai r.od, the tBI ~nlar;i:eil tt.1.c :nicrodotr ~Ov ti:llee. 

10, Gi•pP.l ha~ also brought .-1 ti;, h1111. !ro:n G ... r.~t:ny a LP.ice cameraJ 

th~re was no film in the Cli:llera. Gimpel •l~o hGc a portre1t lens 

(photo5raphic lPn~) to use in the Cbmere. 

IV. Rl.DIO CO!-IMOJUCtTIOll 

ll. Befote their sppreheneion in Hew '!or.c, Colepauch en~ Gimpel 

he11 _purche!ed cert&1n er ulpaent to erect a rt:•lio receivir.;:: an: tri·n•-

•1t~1r~ atetinn, At the tLlle or their arrest the7 bed a Gener&l ~leQtric 

radio (with "hort.-wc.ve band), two millitaaetera (100 and ~~O ail liamperea), 

a lodel P.B. 100-volt ohm:,eter, en.~ a coPT ot the JU:dio ~mateur's Rand- bo~k. 1944 Edition, publi&hed by t~o Am.ericbn Rl"i.dio Relh1 Le&~ue. The 

•illiem.etere wi:re :ne.nufnctured by The Sterling Mfs. Co. &.n·.:i were tor AC 

oper~tion. The oh!:L~et~r •~• manufactured by the fup~rior In~trument Col, 

lew tork, I. I. · 

12. '?he tollowiZJi; inforraLtio~ on ri~io procedure• cipher syaLem.a !or 

dieigu1dlli: radio opt:reti0n, covdr r.e.mee, ana •11 jrops •~i. t'-:·en fro:a 

8 
REF ID:A69476 

&~6RE.T 

the enlarge~ nicrodots bro\.ght oyer trom GP.Z--8J'll' bJ' Colepauch en.1 CU.apel. 

•1. lCfl.J. Lettere 

1 o n fl o 11 e o n • o 

2twotwot.wot. 

3 t h r e • t h r e • 

I. o u r r o u r r o 

f t 1 T e t i T 8 f 1 

6 • 1 ~ 8 1 z • 1 z • 

7se••n•even 

8 ight.eight 

9 1 11 a n 1 n • n 1 

0 1 e r o • e r o • e 

Sun~a7 

lon1t.l' 

Tue ror.f' T 

WednetdM)' 

Thur11dr7 

fr1c!q 

E:atUrdt.J' 

7 

6 

' 4 

' 

'!he date 1e expre~ret! in four figurea, ••I•• )l.8~310@. 

Thla number 1• ~'Ult1pl1ed bJ' the number or the dq of the 

"Week, ••l•t Wtidne:-daT - 31 .. 8-3108 :x I. - 124J2. The 

call let'ter ia for.aed f'ro::i .four fiaurea. It e. tiTe-digit 

nuaber hes reaulted t'ro~ t.Ji~ mu.l.tiplic~tion, tho fire\ 

digit 16 omitted, thus .cJ...32. 

Cont;-oi1 For:iaa the cell let.ters froo the tour flgurss, rending tro::1. left to right, e.g., 

2-J.eO J 4-)=E J .3-.2:0 J t.hu• O!O. 

~t the .a•e t.im.e, the tour letter& •tendir.g below (the 

tirnt onea) are chosen ror ad<lltionl'll call letters, ••I•' 

l 

2 

J 

4 

' 

Ca1l Letters 

• 

• 

• 

• 

O!O 

I.RR 

IEU 

u;v 

ID 

With thAi;e ce.ll letter•, the- next rive c&.11 lotti;>rs are 

for.ned bJ' usir.g eaoh preaedirig letter (in tho English 

alphe.bet). 

6 llDll 

7 R'-<:: 

8 HUT 

9 DRU 

10 HD11 

9 
-:. .. -; · ... . -.. - ~ ~ ~. 

lt •E• occur& twice in thA c•ll letter$, the first ~ne 1& 

then re~l~ce~ by a "Y". 

Qyt1tr.ti.,,n1 For:ae. the cu,:i.l letterf Crom the i'·•ur nWDbi=rs. 

reu-!ine fro;.. ri~ht to leftJ thus, in th·~ e:u..:aa>le, 

2-3=HJ J-4=tJJ 4-~=tJ - HUT. Otherwi8e the prccejure i& 

as in th~ e~sE or control. 

11um.,rice· l k.e7 which ch&ri&P& "Donthi7 11' for;ned fro111- t.he 

iqlir~h iu.:lt!:5- of t.b.e a!':':C.thEI. In 1i'1 ~it.ion, tht' kq r.ord 

•.cFl1Tf'CH:.Alfl 11 without the l!leCOD.•i nnn u1' t.ha c:oapbti~·r. 

(of' the alphabet) eccor .. ing to the se uence of th~ lett.era. 

••C• J A !C U J. R Y J A I 4169280~37 

DEUTSCH LAI 

B 1 G I J l M 0 P C 

R V I l: ! Z 

In the ca.l!fl of a chi-1>4P <•t fr~quenc1 of :n.ore tl1lln ~O 

ld.loCTclee, the next oall letLer :nu&t be sent. 

•). Fr!Suenaiee. 

the outstation hea 10 tr~ni=:nitt.ing !re u~nci'!'I' •hich 

are numbered in an aacen;U~ n·.ucnce !rOiii l to 10. In 

ad::1tion1 the !re .uencie! ere dedgns· t.ed •n~ re ue1te-d by 

~1;1t JIY pumber& ~ which challl!e aonthly. Th~ ke7 nu.~brr& 

are c'ert vecl from the Il'U!D."'lrict..l T..tq of tbE: m0nth tro:n the 

auxiliary ke71 froa 4 aajacenL numbere re;1iJ\! tr..na left 

to rliht. 

Jlo. liloc;ycl'!'fl Key lumberfl 

(e.g. JenUf'l')') 

l 7100 41 

2 83.CO 16 

l s·no 69 

4 9800 9~ 

' 101.C.5 28 

6 1-UOO 80 

7 LdSO 05 

e 13550 ') 9 woo 37 

10 l,0,0 74 

10 

,. 6ECRE-r 
TAe contTol ~t.tion bL& the tolloAing rruqu~neie•a 

1 rrequenq 6900 Kilocrcles 

2 • 8100 • 

) II •750 n 

4 " 11500 • 

' " 1~'750 " 6 n l,4460 (4807) n 

•4. 'l'iaep. 

The tollow!ne: bneic tiz~& with the fre u.enc1~~ 

pert~inlng thereto &re in !orce1 

ha. Time Control Outst~t1on 

l O'JO GMT 69C<J 7100 

2 0~45 • 97SO 9800 

, ll.SO n 14460(4807) 13350 

4 1900 " llSOO ll2C'O 

' ~)10 II 6900 7100 

for tranrmir-ri;ion of t..1'\e aact time of th'!" traffic, trh~ l~e7 

Ullilb~r ot the •orking trequenc7 ot Aust will be added onto th~ basic time as a ainute couuti in connPction wit.h tbia 

it is to be noted thnt ti•e dolli,f (a1nutes) ehoul~ not 

amount to more then on ... hour, t11ere!ore1 onlJ' thP. -~iterence 

ia adjed onto t.he bae1c ti 1e. E:ltl!Jlple ~?) ?~-60=3~ to b~ 

&d<led(?). 

Lei t. (control att-t.1on) re?lW.ir.s on th~ tre _uency inrHcutod 

by tht- bat"1C t1ra an~ che.Dg~s (?) •hen re _uestec1. {J.uxllis.ry 

te;r.) 

Beea.u~" cf poor traf!ic con.-·1t1ons, tbP outst.t..tion st.rive• 

to chan.;e 1 t.& fret.. uenc i es currer.. tly. .A a U1'\16.l t.he oper1.: tor 

call! bJ' C'TC ,ml.y when there ai•e mever;_l me&Pe.gea on hr.nrl. 

lt the tran6ia1fr,ion which he.a n~t iOn~ well 1• th.en broken 

b7 ~BM, note th·t the out&t~tion t.~en •~nts to continu~ 1r0rk1rig on ~nother tre.uency; o~ll it lm·~uietel.J' et th~ clor9 

1.n order t::> continue the trc-nemitiEolon att~:r it 1& heard &1"'111, 

en.· e:o on. 

Another fre~.ucney 1e 6..1.wqa 

fro:n 1000 - 1'00 o:.r - the next. higher 

!rClll 1200 - l..400 GJIT -- the next loT.er 

with the Cf:.11& pert:.- ining thereto. 

ll 

SEeRE·r~ 
,,,... .... -· 

•• St,ert!ng Prooedpre. 

l. Beginning of opearation1. 

2. Ttt (?) lormel procedure. 

ROI ( i') St&rting procedure. 

). Call letters tor the startin1 procedure• Control.a WIS Outt<t~ tinna OIZ 

l. Attespt. at 0100 G:iT 

Control a 6900 kce. 

Outsttit10111 ruo ltca. 

2. Atte~pt at lLOO GIT Cont.r~la l#:.800 koa. 

Outsteti~na 13100 kcs. 

J. Atte::tpt st 1600 (T) G•T 

Control.c ll'OO kcs. Out~t~t!ona 10300 kce. 

The at£:rting procedure takeoe place in five-mir.ut.e 1nteirfil.a. 

Control beilnP. Repe&ts in fi~e ,inutee. Ir no trafflc 

ensue•, treneter auto3etic&ll7 to the next trihl aeries. 

After estc..bllfhir~ the connection, ch8n&~ to no:rt.11:sl proceduree ritb. th~ tre.n11mlellion or the group Ti.E (l). Ir tho 

tre!f1c brt~ks otr tor l'l'•riou~ reeaons, an1 if there i• no 

trLt!ic t.-:>r lo.,.ieir than •iaht dq&. 1 r~ turn t'J tht" t&tt•rtLn~ 

pr•:>cedur9 e.utomat.lcalq. • 

***** 

lt!1 Liebon (?) 

Call Letter•• IVA (1) 

Transmiseion tl~~a 0700 GIT an~ 2200 GMT on l~CO kce. 

On even da7F mo~ul~te tonea (?) ftith 900 kz (?). On un~v~n 

~·' onP call• ~RT. 

\,'- COntrol St.e.tiona 

From t!m~ to ti~e the c1ntrol gt~tion annr:runcea the nezt 

tranPmisflior. through CB.X, i th t~ur let.~er•• The let.t.tl!ra are 

dec1pherPd into ficuree aceor:Ung to tho e.uxilb17 HT• Thereb7 

12 

~r:t:R E--.. "="-. t.. ·--· ....,._ I 
REF ID:A69-476 

SECRE-r 

it is illldioateJ b7' the• 

lr.t tlgurez on P.hich dttf ti.tter th. 0 eurrer:t date ... ..: trarr.:.c eh..:ould t.ake pl1:.ce. 

2nd ti&ure1 the numb~r Of t.~B next tr~neeiasion 

ti~• (l,~,3, or 4 or ,.) 

. )rd 6.Jl ! £,tb figure&I the Kl!IJ' DUJ1bcr Of thP. prep&l'PI\ 

tr&nP~ittiDi !re ueno7 of th.P out5tit·tion -- •l~o trana1111tted (?) •todq• t~ ev·1l; iack 

ot clari~ in case t.he n~xt tra~szission 

t•ll! in the next t!~e. 

The truiemi ttirig trequencie• of the c':lntr.-;;l st!:. tion 

(•hich ~re) unclu.ncPd (?), ~r~ .1U1own to belor.g to the tr~n•airPion time. 

lqa On Jenu~1'7 ~Jr~ (?) t.RX Z (?) BHL Bign1f!~s noxt. 

trfdfic 011 JanuH7 )let. (1'). l'10S GMT .:m 

12)50 lcco. 

• ... • * • 

CoTer n6mer;a 

Addreuiaaa 

Yl D 1 

v 176/ll 

v 176/l~ 

r.avid 

Elser 

fl~lter 

...... *. 

J.laelio Leuro Lopea, ~a~rid, ~iete 76 

lir.tilio 1'el1pe Pint.>, Lisbon, .A'V'~e. Liberd~de 

1.29 Ce.vo dto. 

V. SECR!.? INJCS 

13. The lPcord of Trial, p. 394, •t~tes th t blue-~luck lnK w~s 

&iven to Colepaugh an:! Gimpel in Gcr·::flny. J. che'!!.iC!'l (der.criberl on p. 

42S of the 1\ecor·i ot Trle.l ae ,.re, .. iil;r obtehable .anyrbere•) hed been 

a'liled to the in·, r.: vint: 1 t the quali tiee ot secret ink. 

13 
\~_--; ----, --

! SE:~FMQ..:.A49476 

, 

: vtiC:I 

I 

t.... I 

~ 

Th~ two am w .. :re also given 10 to .(.0 small envelopes, r.bout en inch 

·~~re, oefttt;.1!l1ng e. finf-' white lJOWder rbout t.."ie coneisteno;r .-.r t~ble 

ealt. 'this po11d.er Ybff to be used in developing the •ecret ink. 

14. The Recor~ of Tritl,- p. ~5, mentions tn~t ~ ite paper (auch 

u any ordir.s17 o!f1ce et~ tionery) coul·:l be used for prep.:!rin& thg tecret 

1r£ me&!l'1>.ges. 

~. in l"Bl agent exp1&1rP.~ at the tri&l, P• 315 1 th~t •tbr- inr. ~=~ 

to be u~~d ir. th~ toll011in~ ~~nneri Usin6 whEt spie~r?d to be orvinr;17, 

bluc-blf:. ck 1 nk, but w1. s ir. r"lal1 ty the eecret .l.nk, th'!:ly woul·• 11r1 ta 

a :aeeerge, an ordlnttcy mean1~e, C\n e vi~ce of pr.per. l!t""r the l!ll06Bt1ge 

h:-«! drie1 th.er would tc.ke another pio;:ce of bl1:an:~ paper anj prerss it 

qs.inst the pa.p!"r bee.r1r•i th~ •er-.s&ge, "'ushir..g th~ ::;e t"o J-ieces of i>ioJl<:r 

tog~th=r through the u~e of pre~Eure •uch •F plLcin~ het'VJ' book~ on 

the• o"ft'r a period ot houra, pre£erLbly overnigh~. 

'The •HFr·~P woul·· be trnni:;:ni tlei to the blt..r.)c piece o! pr.per, 

altl1ouch it •&• not ~leibl• to t.hr n&ked eye. Then UJ1ing thls ~~ank 

piece or pl!lper on Which thf' m.er;r:e_,. h~d been traneml tted IU1 ordiri&r,-, 

1nocl~ll! fr1en~ly let.ter •oul· be wri tt.en t,.) .:in~ or the llail Jrope 

or ~n-- ot the American pr1Hcn'!re of tte..r. Thie letter woul•i be ir.tercapted bJ' Ger~sn authorities an.-1 t...tiq woul·'I developeo the aecrot :a('a&e.ee 

on the l•t.ter. 

11l:le ad'fi.&~d thr..t. the develop!'lent wi:s acct>::i1~lhhed by plr c1r.g the 

po;t:der !rom ·>Dea or th,,.Ee s•ll pllcit".a1ei; into a H.ucer ~r c11ell soup-pltite 

or water. Af~~r th~ powder huj disrolved the paper beariL,;! th~ ~e~~·ge 

w1as pl:-ced in th• water. lt Wt<.f th~n t&•·--n tro:!J thf'." w;i;.t r :::n.i drie-d 

in th•· frUal. I.fl. the paper dried the mie5F8.i!"' becE.me Yl!1bl.- ani:1 111'h"'11 the 

p&}"tt wa1 tulq dried tbe aesa,!O 11'oul•-i filp,::iear ~n a laT"nder or red\l1t>h 

coior .. 

•It, of C<Jurre, 'll'Ould bo in reverse bec&.uec it hb1 bt'r-n pl&ced on 

the originsl pi~ce of J>6.per fron thP. fbce or the or1gin&l •e~eago enr. 

1 t we.e •a 111t]J' .. reo.rl bJ" mean~ of • 11. rr::ir a.~ coul' be l"e~d eaeil:y even 

tb"ugh the otb.{-r writine of the lnocuows aM·&a.,;e wi.1 OV"!r it an-i becbUH 

it ••s in rever~• an~ in a ditfe~t color." 

14 

lrILl.i~"'> :it. J. ~.IRD 

Capt~in, Signal Cor;~ 

SECRE-r