{"id":637049,"date":"2024-03-26T09:24:31","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T13:24:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/?post_type=podcast&p=637049"},"modified":"2024-03-26T09:24:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T13:24:31","slug":"sun-series-how-to-experience-a-total-solar-eclipse","status":"publish","type":"podcast","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/podcasts\/curious-universe\/sun-series-how-to-experience-a-total-solar-eclipse\/","title":{"rendered":"Sun Series: How to Experience a Total Solar Eclipse"},"author":414,"featured_media":634106,"template":"","meta":{"nasa_hds_core_meta_l10n":"en-US","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_editor":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_article_contacts":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_topic":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_linked_locations":[],"nasa_hds_core_meta_article_related_articles":[],"hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_id":"","hds_migrate_meta_pr_release_type":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_x":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_location_y":"","nasa_hds_core_meta_gallery_images":[]},"categories":[2837,10627,9486,10796,3275,3276,2835,2907,12875,10795,9481,9480,9484],"series":{"id":12713,"title":"NASA's Curious Universe","link":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/podcasts\/curious-universe\/"},"internal-terms":[],"coauthors":[12170],"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Sun Series: How to Experience a Total Solar Eclipse","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/podcasts\/curious-universe\/sun-series-how-to-experience-a-total-solar-eclipse\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/podcasts\/curious-universe\/sun-series-how-to-experience-a-total-solar-eclipse\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/curiousuniverse.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/curiousuniverse.png"},"articleSection":"Science & Research","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Katie Konans"}],"creator":["Katie Konans"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"NASA","logo":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/themes\/nasa\/assets\/images\/nasa-logo.svg"},"keywords":["Science & Research","Heliophysics","Sunspots","Audio","Auroras","Coronal Mass Ejections","Heliosphere","Magnetosphere","Planetary Science","Podcasts","Radiation","Solar Flares","Solar Wind","Space Weather"],"dateCreated":"2024-03-26T13:24:31Z","datePublished":"2024-03-26T13:24:31Z","dateModified":"2024-03-26T13:24:31Z"},"rendered":"<meta name=\"parsely-title\" content=\"Sun Series: How to Experience a Total Solar Eclipse\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-link\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/podcasts\/curious-universe\/sun-series-how-to-experience-a-total-solar-eclipse\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-type\" content=\"post\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-image-url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/curiousuniverse.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-pub-date\" content=\"2024-03-26T13:24:31Z\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-section\" content=\"Science & Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-tags\" content=\"Science & Research,Heliophysics,Sunspots,Audio,Auroras,Coronal Mass Ejections,Heliosphere,Magnetosphere,Planetary Science,Podcasts,Radiation,Solar Flares,Solar Wind,Space Weather\" \/>\n<meta name=\"parsely-author\" content=\"Katie Konans\" \/>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/nasa.gov\/p.js"},"read_time":36,"featured_image":{"id":634106,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/curiousuniverse.png","title":"curiousuniverse","alt":"","caption":""},"season":7,"episode":3,"audio":{"id":637051,"file":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/curiousuniversenasapodcasthowtoexperienceatotalsolareclipse.mp3","meta":{"dataformat":"mp3","channels":2,"sample_rate":48000,"bitrate":192000,"channelmode":"joint stereo","bitrate_mode":"cbr","codec":"LAME","encoder":"LAME3.100","lossless":false,"encoder_options":"CBR192","compression_ratio":0.125,"fileformat":"mp3","filesize":59366641,"mime_type":"audio\/mpeg","length":2472,"length_formatted":"41:12","year":"2024","date":"1801","time":"1451","artist":"","album":""}},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>About NASA\u2019s Curious Universe Podcast<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Come get curious with NASA. As an official NASA podcast, Curious Universe brings you mind-blowing science and space adventures you won\u2019t find anywhere else. Explore the cosmos alongside astronauts, scientists, engineers, and other top NASA experts who are achieving remarkable feats in science, space exploration, and aeronautics. Learn something new about the wild and wonderful universe we share. All you need to get started is a little curiosity.<\/p>\n<p>NASA\u2019s Curious Universe is an official NASA podcast hosted by Padi Boyd and Jacob Pinter<\/p>\n<p>Discover more ad-free, original NASA shows at nasa.gov\/podcasts<\/p>\n<p>Find the full NASA\u2019s Curious Universe catalog at nasa.gov\/curiousuniverse<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/5NT0kUEUIdS5FxotBPJvMX\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-634106 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/curiousuniverse.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1247\" height=\"685\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Episode Description:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On April 8, 2024, the Moon will pass in front of the Sun, casting a shadow across a long swath of Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Total solar eclipses have fascinated human beings for thousands of years. Watching the Moon eclipse the Sun is a surreal, multisensory experience that you\u2019re not likely to forget. But Eclipses also offer unique opportunities for NASA to study the relationship between our star and home planet. <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198255871 BCX0\">Learn how to experience a Total Solar Eclipse. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198255871 BCX0\">Join current and former NASA sun scientists Kelly Korreck, Fred \u201cMr. Eclipse\u201d <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW198255871 BCX0\">Espenak<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198255871 BCX0\"> and Cherilynn Morrow on a journey through time and space to solve eclipse mysteries.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Aeros by Arun Ganapathy]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">HOST PADI BOYD: Have you ever experienced a total solar eclipse? It\u2019s this strange, magical, somewhat unsettling moment when\u2026 in the middle of the day\u2026 the world suddenly goes dark, as the Moon blocks out the Sun.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Children shouting, playing on a playground]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED ESPENAK:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The first eclipse I saw was back in the early 1960s. And I was only, let's see, that would have made me 11 years old.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Waves lapping at a dock]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY KORRECK:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">My first total solar eclipse was in 2017. And I had the privilege of being on the USS Yorktown in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: That\u2019s Fred Espenak and Kelly Korreck. Kelly is a NASA Sun scientist who studies total solar eclipses, and Fred\u2019s an eclipse addict. He\u2019s earned his nickname, Mr. Eclipse, by experiencing 30 of them, all over the world.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Now, the odds that you, listening to this episode, are currently experiencing a total solar eclipse are pretty low. They\u2019re rare phenomena. <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In any given place, where you live, for example, you\u2019ll only get one about every four centuries.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> So, I\u2019m not going to get in the way here\u2026. I\u2019m going to let Kelly and Fred tell you what experiencing one firsthand is like.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And leading up here this is actually a really, kind of eerie scene.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You start to notice that the quality of light now is starting to look a little odd.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The light seems weird, and your brain definitely starts thinking, something doesn\u2019t seem right. So, there's this feeling of kind of anxiety yet also excitement.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Sun is no longer a disk in the sky, it\u2019s a thin crescent. And on the ground underneath a shade tree, you'll see the ground covered with little crescent Suns, it's an amazing thing.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Tinkling windchimes]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And the first part that happens is Baily's Beads. So, you see these bright little lights, they're the Sun's rays coming through the mountains and valleys on the Moon.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Heatbeat, whooshing wind]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We forget that the Sun is what's giving us warmth but in the last 10 minutes when you've got over 90% of the Sun covered, the temperature is going to start to drop. My reaction physiologically is that the hair on the back of my neck is standing up, my heart is racing, and you just get a visceral feeling in your gut that something is wrong. This just does not seem natural. It seems so far out of any kind of everyday experience.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Sheep bleating, crickets chirping]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What does happen in general in eclipses is that animals think it's nighttime. So, animals such as crickets, or roosters, who you know, think it's nighttime, it's time to roost.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you've got birds around, they might start singing their evening songs because they think it's sunset, it's getting dark out for them.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Owls hooting, tinkling windchimes]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So, you're seeing these light beads all along the side of the dark moon that's covering the bright sun. And then you see one final one, which is called the diamond ring. And you see totality.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Advanced Technology by Thomas Gallicani]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Whooshing wind]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And in the last few seconds, the moon's shadow races over you and it's traveling over a thousand miles an hour, you don't see the edge of the edge of the shadow. It's just either you're in it or you're out of it. It just sweeps over you so rapidly. You're plunged into it and suddenly, daylight drops to an eerie twilight. About as dark as it gets maybe about a half hour after sunset. And when you look out in the direction of the horizon, you\u2019re looking at the edge of the shadow into areas that are still in daylight. So, you look around the horizon and you\u2019re surrounded by a sort of 360-degree sunrise in all directions, sunrise and sunset. And of course, then you look back up at the sky to where the sun had been. And there\u2019s no brilliant sun in the sky anymore. What it's been replaced by is a black disk surrounded by this eerie gossamer halo, which is the Sun's corona.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">At this time, you don\u2019t need your special glasses, you can look with your own eyes, at the protrusions from the Sun, which are filaments, they are millions of degrees of hot gas that are flowing off the Sun.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Explosive solar storm sonification]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fred<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And it\u2019s indescribable, it\u2019s so beautiful. The shape of it is always different at each eclipse because it\u2019s affected by the magnetic fields of the Sun, which are changing from day to day.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And it was breathtaking. The things that I had studied my entire career were there right in front of my eyes, and they had been hidden by the brightness the Sun normally has. And so I was with friends, and there was much laughter and hugging and just overall an amazing experience.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[2023 Ring of Fire Eclipse broadcast: Wow, it looks great]\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Even though most total eclipses last two or three minutes, all of them seem to last only a few seconds, subjectively, because this happens so quickly. Because now you're outside the Moon\u2019s shadow again, and you\u2019re plunged right back into bright sunlight. The shadow races off across the Earth's surface and leaves you. You got another hour or so of partial phases. But you've just experienced a total eclipse.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Everyone who experiences a total solar eclipse seems to come away with the same question\u2026<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For most people, the first question on their mind is\u2026<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2026when\u2019s the next one, when do I get to do that again?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Because I want to see it.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Because it is just such an amazing experience.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[THEME MUSIC: Curiosity by SYSTEM Sounds]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134245418":true,"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: This is NASA\u2019s Curious Universe. Our universe is a wild and wonderful place. I\u2019m your host Padi Boyd and in this podcast, NASA is your tour guide.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Welcome to the second episode of our Sun series! <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It\u2019s a big year for our nearest star\u2026 we\u2019re near solar maximum, when the Sun is at its most active and explosive, and NASA\u2019s Parker Solar Probe is going to make its closest approach to our star, <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">flying<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> through its atmosphere!<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> So, in our star\u2019s honor, we\u2019re taking a deep, five-part dive into the plasma. If you missed our first episode, you might want to go back and check that one out too!<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: At the time of this recording, there\u2019s a total solar eclipse on the horizon in North America. <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On April 8, 2024, the Moon will pass directly between the Sun and Earth, totally blocking its light for several minutes along a path stretching from Mexico to Canada. <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And since our Sun\u2019s atmosphere, the corona, is particularly active right now, scientists are expecting a pretty stellar show.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[2023 Ring of Fire Eclipse broadcast: We\u2019ve got about two minutes here folks. As you can hear, the crowd is chanting and counting down until our moment right now...]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Roughly 32 million people living in the path of totality, locations where the Moon will completely cover the Sun, will get to experience a total solar eclipse.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> And 99% of Americans will experience at least a partial eclipse.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[2023 Ring of Fire Eclipse broadcast: One more minute, folks...]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: But if you live elsewhere in the world, don\u2019t tune out! Wherever you are on Earth, chances are there will be a total solar eclipse somewhere near you, at some point within your lifetime. And you won\u2019t want to miss it. When the Sun and Moon, the two most important celestial objects in our sky, align perfectly to cast a shadow right on us, it\u2019ll be a reminder like no other of our place in the solar system\u2026 on a little ball of rock in the vastness of space.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[2023 Ring of Fire Eclipse broadcast: Five four three two one. Oh my God. I mean it doesn\u2019t look real. I didn\u2019t think I would cry, like what is going on! Gina, I thought I\u2019d have goosebumps, but I\u2019m literally shaking. I know, I agree...]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Repercussions by Elliot Greenway Ireland]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: So, in this second episode, we\u2019ll learn all about eclipses... the science behind this cosmic coincidence, what drives umbraphiles, also known as eclipse chasers, to chase totality all over the world, how Indigenous Americans a thousand years ago studied and respected the Sun and Moon during eclipses, and the unique NASA research that can <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">only<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> happen during the few short minutes when everything aligns. Oh, and we might just solve a mystery\u2026 one that has to do with tree rings, bowls, spacecraft and ancient petroglyphs carved into a desert rock.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An Eclipse is all about being at the right place at the right time. And things literally aligning, just with you.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: That\u2019s Kelly\u2019s again. She\u2019s a NASA Sun scientist\u2026 a heliophysicist! And she\u2019s also the program manager for the 2024 eclipse.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So, what we're talking about aligning here is the Moon, the Sun and the Earth. And depending on which order they're in, you're going to either block out the Sun or block out the Moon.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When things align differently, so Earth casts its shadow on the Moon, that\u2019s a <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lunar<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> eclipse<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. But what\u2019s happening on April 8 is rarer\u2026 a solar eclipse.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So that means the Sun is out front, the Moon is in the middle, and it's blocking out the Sun to the Earth\u2019s vantage point. And it doesn't happen everywhere on Earth, it's a very special path that you actually can see the moon completely blocking out the sun.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: On a map, that path looks like a long, curved stripe that the circular shadow of the Moon travels along as the eclipse swoops across Earth\u2019s surface.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The path of totality, or that path where you're going to see that total eclipse, is really narrow, because actually the Moon\u2019s shadow is very narrow, the Moon is very small compared to the Earth and compared to the Sun, it just happens to be just far enough away at the right size to actually block out the sun.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">That we have total solar eclipses at all is something of a cosmic coincidence.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Not every planet with a moon has eclipses like ours! The Sun is way bigger, 400 times wider, than the Moon\u2026 but the Moon can fully block its light because it also happens to be 400 times closer to us than the Sun. So, to us here on Earth, they look exactly the same size. And of course, to experience an eclipse, not only do you have to be in exactly the right place, the \u201c<\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">path of totality,\u201d <\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">you also have to be there at just the right time.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Eclipses only happen every so often, about every 18 months, somewhere on Earth.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: T<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hat\u2019s because the Moon\u2019s orbit is slightly tilted\u2026 so it doesn\u2019t always perfectly line up with the Sun and the Earth. <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But while it takes centuries on average for an eclipse to repeat in a given place, they\u2019re happening fairly often somewhere on Earth.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> So, if you miss the total solar eclipse in North America this April, not to worry!\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Looking at Earth by Elliot Greenway Ireland]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You can catch the next one in Europe in 2026, in Africa in 2027, in Australia in 2028 and so on for at least the next few million years.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> It\u2019s an eclipse world tour! But that also means when there\u2019s an eclipse in your neighborhood, and you don\u2019t have to voyage halfway around the planet to see it, it\u2019s pretty spec<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ial. And <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">experiencing <\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">it is even more special.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As much as it's a celestial event, and it's a date, and it's a time, it\u2019s a full experience. It's really a full body inspirational, almost spiritual experience to see this eclipse.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Soaking up that cosmic dance firsthand can be transformative. So much so that some people get hooked!<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Eclipse chasers go all over the world in search of these eclipses, and actually we know very well where they're going to be for the next about 5,000 years. So, we can plan our travel accordingly.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Since they happen somewhere on Earth every 18 months or so, as an eclipse chaser you can experience quite a few eclipses in a lifetime\u2026 <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">if <\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">you\u2019re willing to do some serious travel, that is. And some folks a<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">re more than willing\u2026 those eclipse chasers, or as they\u2019re sometimes called, <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">umbraphiles<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, lovers of shadow.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Toy Soldiers by Adam Paul Courtenay Burns]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Mr. Eclipse, Fred Espenak, is one of them. For him, part of the fun of eclipses is mathematical. He likes to make his own predictions about where <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">they\u2019ll happen next.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But on a more visceral, gut-wrenching appeal. It is simply the most incredible celestial event you can see, and you don't need a Hubble Space Telescope, all you gotta do is be able to get into the path of the eclipse and be there on the right day and the right time and have some luck with the weather to see this event.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Fred is a retired NASA astronomer. Now, he lives out in the Arizona desert with his telescopes.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I built one observatory. And it got so crowded, I had so many telescopes, I had to build a second one. So, I've got two now. The skies out here are absolutely beautiful. I lose a lot of sleep.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: He started working at NASA in 1976, the week the Viking spacecraft landed on Mars. It wasn\u2019t Fred\u2019s main job, but he quickly got into making eclipse predictions. Which isn\u2019t an easy thing to do\u2026<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The first component is you've got to have a good model for, it's called an ephemeris, basically it's a mathematical model that describes where the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are in space with respect to each other.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: With that <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ephemeris<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, you know <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">when<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> an eclipse will happen. But to figure out <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">where<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> it\u2019ll happen, you have to model how the Moon\u2019s shadow moves.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You've got a shadow moving over a curved surface that\u2019s not perfectly circular either, you have to take into account the fact that the Earth's shape is an oblate spheroid. It's sort of a little squashed sphere a little bit. And you have to take that small effect into account and the speed of the shadow and how rapidly it moves across the Earth's surface. A lot of mathematics, a lot of modeling on the computer.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Fred is far from the first person to predict future eclipses. Humans have been doing that for at least the last 3,000 years, just by keeping track of the Moon and Sun\u2019s positions in the sky. Then, they got a lot more accurate.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Birds chirping, horse hooves on cobblestones]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Playfully Curious by Adam Paul Courtenay Burns]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: In the 1700s, Edmund Halley, yes, the <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">same guy<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> the famous comet is named after) made the first models of how the Moon\u2019s shadow moves across the Earth during eclipses. He asked regular people across England to time the eclipse, using the grandfather clocks in their homes.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Ticking grandfather clock]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Suddenly, we could predict both when and where eclipses would happen with precision. Here at NASA, a couple of centuries later, Fred got <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">so<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> into predicting eclipses like Halley and generations of people before him, that he earned his nickname...<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I guess one time somebody introduced me as Mr. Eclipse because I was developing a reputation for lecturing on eclipses and photographing eclipses and talking about eclipses. So that name just sort of, sort of stuck.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: But Mr. Eclipse\u2019s total obsession with totality started long before he joined NASA, back when he saw that first eclipse in the 1960s as an 11-year-old.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And I had a small amateur telescope, a department store telescope, that my parents had gotten me a year or two earlier. And I was very excited about the upcoming eclipse. And I was visiting my grandparents in southern New York, at their summer home. And from where I was located, it was only a partial eclipse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Looking up through his little telescope, Fred was mesmerized. But the thing is, a partial eclipse isn\u2019t anything like a total eclipse. The way Fred puts it\u2026<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A partial eclipse is sort of like getting five out of the six numbers in the lottery, you almost won. But basically, you lost. If you don\u2019t get all six numbers, six numbers is the total eclipse. Five numbers is a partial. There's no comparison. One's a loser and one's a winner\u2026<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: He\u2019s thought a lot about this.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A partial eclipse is like having a tailgate party in the parking lot during the Super Bowl.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: So, after watching the partial eclipse from his grandparents\u2019 house, Fred decided he had to see a total eclipse. But there was a problem. The next one on the continent was in 1970, almost a decade away. So as an 11-year-old, he put it on his calendar. After years of waiting, the day finally arrived. By then, Fred had a driver\u2019s license, he was a senior in high school\u2026<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Magical Secret by Bertrand Allagnat]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Car engine starts, car drives away]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I convinced my parents to let me borrow the family car unchaperoned and drive 600 miles south to get into the path of this total eclipse. And I've been planning this thing for seven years. I had read lots of books and magazine articles about it. I had my little telescope with me with a camera hooked up to it now. I was going to try to take pictures of this event. And I managed to get a couple of pictures. But I was absolutely dumbfounded by the event. It was so spectacular, so incredible. So far beyond anything I possibly could have imagined.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: As Fred drove to the eclipse, he had accepted that it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. But after he saw it, he had to see the next one.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So initially I thought this was my one chance. After this was over, I knew I had to see another eclipse. One was not enough, that three minutes went by so quickly. And there was so much to see. And it was so exquisitely beautiful.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: The next one in the U.S. wouldn\u2019t happen for 21 years, in 1991. But there would be one in Canada in 1972.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Well, that was only 1000 miles to drive to. I could get to that.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">After the eclipse in Canada that year,1991 still seemed like far too long to wait, so he looked for the next eclipse.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The next one after \u201872 was in 1973. Now this was a little more challenging, because this one was in the Sahara Desert in northern Africa.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Play flies overhead, seatbelt chime rings]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: As you might have guessed, he made it there. And that was just the beginning. At some point, once you<\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> start<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> chasing eclipses, it gets hard to <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stop.<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And that was the start of a, you might say a lifelong addiction of chasing total eclipses all over the world. So, by this point, over the past 50, 53, 54 years, I've been to 30 total eclipses of the Sun. And I've seen a total eclipse on every continent, including Antarctica. So, it's taken me all over the world. Unusual places like the Altiplano of Bolivia, or the desert in Mongolia, or East Africa with wild animals and spectacular wildlife.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Frogs chirp, desert winds woosh, lions roar]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Not every eclipse has been spectacular\u2026 some have been frustrating, ruined by cloudy skies, an eclipse chaser\u2019s worst nightmare.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You can predict exactly where and when a total eclipse is going to be, when it's going to start, when the total phase will begin, exactly how many seconds of totality you're going to get. All these things can be predicted years in advance, but you can't predict the weather tomorrow.<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: But Fred does get asked a lot\u2026 does he have a favorite?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Electro Strut by SACEM]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The funny thing about that question is, occasionally, my wife Pat will go to some of my lectures with me. And she noticed that I was answering that question wrong. When I told people what my favorite eclipse was, she had to remind me that my favorite eclipse was the one where the two of us met. Because that was almost 30 years ago, halfway around the world in India, we were both on the same eclipse trip together. Sparks flew. And eventually, we got married, and she's been a traveling companion to most of my eclipses since then.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: It\u2019s hard to describe what\u2019s so special about eclipses to someone who hasn\u2019t experienced one before. But there\u2019s just something about how it\u2019s both predictable, routine and inevitable for Earth and humanity <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in general<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2026 and so profoundly affecting to <\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">actually witness in person<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FRED:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">No matter what mankind does, there's nothing we can do to change, or impede or affect in any way, the eclipse. It's going to happen at a certain time. And at a certain place. It's an inevitability of it. And it gives you a sense of perspective of how small and insignificant we are in the universe. And yet at the same time, we're a piece of it, we're an integral part of it. So, it's, it's an interesting effect, to experience a total eclipse, and it's a humbling experience, I think.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: And for the April 2024 eclipse, Fred\u2019s plans are made. He\u2019s going down to Mexico, where he\u2019s crossing his fingers for clear skies, and getting ready to add another eclipse to his collection.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Internal Logic by Elliot Greenway Ireland]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Eclipses are incredible to experience, but for NASA, they\u2019re also really important opportunities for science. For centuries we\u2019ve looked up at the sky with big questions, and eclipses have repeatedly given us the answers, during experiments that are only possible during the few moments of totality. Here\u2019s Kelly again.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The eclipses are special for science, because they set up the right conditions in our laboratory of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon. So, for instance, Einstein's theory of relativity was actually proven during an eclipse.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: After Einstein published his theory of general relativity in <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1915,\u00a0 scientists\u2019 big question was whether he was right about gravity\u2019s power to affect space and time, warping light around stars.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Warping whooshing sound]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: After four years of waiting for a solar eclipse to dim the Sun enough to look, they proved him right!\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Solar hum sonification]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Today, our big question is about the Sun itself\u2026 why its atmosphere, the corona is so much hotter, millions of degrees hotter, than its surface. Scientists are studying the S<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">un all the time using lots of tools and spacecraft, but they\u2019re particularly excited about the upcoming eclipse. <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Without an eclipse, it\u2019s <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pretty hard<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to see and study the corona from here on Earth, because the surface, the photosphere, is a million times brighter.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It's like trying to take a picture of a light bulb, it's really hard to see anything else, you know, around it. Because it's the brightest thing in a picture. So, when you block out the sun, that middle part that super bright, you're able to look at, at the outside.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We have spacecraft and telescopes that block out the Sun, creating an artificial eclipse so scientists can look at the corona through the instruments\u2019 eyes, but they\u2019re not nearly as good at the job as our own Moon is.<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So here at NASA, every eclipse is an opportunity \u2026 the Sun being blocked by our Moon offers scientists a few precious moments to study the faint corona of our star. And those moments of totality are so precious that heliophysicists have a trick up their sleeves to get the most out of that very limited time, using a fancy, high-flying plane called a WB-57.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: WB-57 flies overhead]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">KELLY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So, this eclipse is going to be around for four and a half minutes of time. So that sounds really, really short. But clever scientists have figured out how to extend that a little by using the WB-57 airplane and putting their instruments aboard that and flying along the path. So, they don't get a lot more time. But they get a little bit more time to make observations and get that important data during the eclipse.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: By flying really fast and high up in the Earth\u2019s atmosphere during the eclipse, they can get about 10-20 seconds more out of totality than you can on the ground. It\u2019s not that long, because the shadow is moving much faster than an airplane can fly. But every moment counts!<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Human Behavior by Jan Telegra]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335551550":2,"335551620":2,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Eclipses have happened as long as humans have lived on Earth, and much longer than that. And beyond being unique opportunities for eclipse chasers to experience and scientists to study, the alignment of our Earth, Sun and Moon provides a unique opportunity to connect across time and space, with sungazers past and present. And even, maybe, make new discoveries in the process.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN MORROW:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All of our ancestors, not just in the Southwest, but you and I have Sun-watching ancestors, all of your listeners have people in their history, in their ancestry, who learned to live well, and in harmony with the cycles of the Sun. So, the seasonal cycles of the Sun they used to learn where the Sun rises and sets on a horizon to track time. And to, ah, it\u2019s time for the winter, winter ceremony, time to prepare for harvesting, time to prepare for planting. You learn to live in harmony with the seasonal cycle of the Sun, we wouldn't be here if our ancestors didn't figure that out.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: That\u2019s Cherilynn Morrow, astrophysicist and outreach director of NASA\u2019s PUNCH mission.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I like to introduce myself these days by saying I'm a solar physicist, by mind and training, and I'm an educator at heart. And I am a singer songwriter, by soul.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Cherilynn grew up wanting to become an astronaut. She became a pilot, and then an astrophysicist. Then she realized her true calling was connecting other people of all backgrounds and cultures to space and science through our Sun. She never made it to the Moon, but now she spends her time in a place she says is nearly as otherworldly. It\u2019s a place called Chaco Canyon, in northwestern New Mexico. The place where Sun watching on this continent began.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Crickets, desert wind, crackling campfire]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Human Behavior Jan Telegra]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cherilynn 30:09<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chaco Canyon captured my heart and my spirit of adventure. Chaco was like my \u201cMoon.\u201d It's a very austere high desert landscape... long horizons as far as you can see, which makes it very good for Sun-watching. And canyon walls, red rocks, low vegetation, juniper, saltbush, sage. Pungent desert-like smells, very dry climate, very cold in the winter and very hot in the summer. So, it's a very remote and challenging natural environment for anyone to live in. And yet a thousand years ago, all roads in the region led to Chaco.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: There\u2019s evidence of ancient, thousand-year-old sun-watching throughout the Southwest, at Chaco culture sites like Mesa Verde, Bears Ears and Chimney Rock. But Chaco Canyon drew people from across the region. It was especially important. It\u2019s a world heritage site today, well-known for its monumental sandstone buildings, perfectly aligned to the cardinal directions. But the more scientists have studied Chaco, the more they\u2019ve come to realize that the ancestral Puebloans who once lived here were watching the sky. If you look closely enough, you\u2019ll find spiral petroglyphs, rock art carved into cliff faces, that act as little \u201cstand here\u201d signs. They indicate exactly the right spot to wait and look out at the horizon to see the Sun shine through certain rock formations on the equinox and solstice. So when it was time to pick a place to focus outreach efforts for NASA\u2019s new PUNCH mission, Cherilynn picked Chaco.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Garden of Synapses by Jan Telegra]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So, by focusing on Chaco, which is regionally important to the descendants of the people who lived and built Chaco, yet it also is a world heritage site, we actually are able to connect with the cultures there. So, we're in collaboration, right, with the descendants of the ancestral Puebloan people who made Chaco come alive a thousand years ago.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: To Cherilynn, there\u2019s<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> a direct line from the past inhabitants of Chaco, who studied the sun here to learn how to live within the seasons it controls, and NASA\u2019s own efforts to study the sun through missions like PUNCH. <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The PUNCH mission consists of four suitcase-sized satellites that will fly through the space between the Sun and Earth to form a three-dimensional image of the incoming solar wind, data that could improve space weather<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> forecasts<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">beyond what we can do today<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Whooshing spacecraft flies overhead, beeping]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cherilynn<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PUNCH is going to study the science of when does the sun's corona, the Sun's outer atmosphere, right, that we see during a total solar eclipse. When does that corona end and the solar wind to stream begin that region between the planets that interplanetary space? When does the corona end and the solar wind begin?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: So just like the petroglyphs and calendar-like rock formations the ancestors of today\u2019s Puebloans built here at Chaco to understand and live within the earthly seasons our Sun controls\u2026<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The PUNCH mission is going to play a role in learning to live well and in harmony with the Sun's magnetic activity cycle.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: That activity cycle and its storms affect our technological world.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Our theme portrays NASA's exploration of the sun, NASA heliophysics, as a natural extension of humans long-lived inclination and dedication to studying the rhythms and mysteries of the Sun. Really, our ancestors got it started to learn how to live well with the Sun and NASA exploration is just an ongoing, contemporary way in which we do that.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PAD<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As Cherilynn dug in further at Chaco, she learned about <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a particularly interesting connection to NASA <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">science at a site called Rock of the Sun.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Searching for Clues by Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Berger]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: It was one of those rock carvings\u2026 a petroglyph\u2026 but one unlike any other she\u2019d seen in Chaco Canyon.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Crickets, footsteps on gravel]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So, this petroglyph is about hand size. If an adult person reaches their hand, spreads out their thumb to pinky, that's about the size of the petroglyph, eight inches across. It's a circle and it has curlicue lines emanating from all around the petroglyph. And then up to the left, there's another pecking of a smaller circle.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Those curlicue lines look suspiciously like a stormy solar corona visible duri<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ng an eclipse that coincides with solar maximum\u2026 like our 2024 eclipse will today. <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Picture the scene: An ancestral Puebloan nearly 500 years before the first Europeans set foot in New Mexico, looking up at a darkening sky and an angry, flaming Sun, and creating a permanent record of what they saw.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Chipping at rock, carving sounds]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">They may have even collaborated on it, like multiple people saw it only for a few minutes during totality, and then collaborated... what did you see? What did you see? And they collaborated on what would be represented in the stone. This is not the same as taking a picture. Your eyes are actually better at seeing the structures of the corona. If you notice when you look and you perceive those structures raying out from the disk in the sky, you take a picture and you\u2019ll get far less information.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: <\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Those ancient Chaco inhabitants, looking up at a less polluted sky, would have been able to see the corona more clearly during their solar maximum eclipse than we\u2019ll be able to in 2024.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> But does the Rock of the Sun petroglyph really depict a stormy solar corona during an eclipse? Well, just like we can predict eclipses thousands of years into the future, we can also accurately determine when they happened in the past. So we do know there was an eclipse in 1097.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We know that the 1097 eclipse path of totality included Chaco, so that's for sure.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Through some wild science that involves tracking radiation from the sun recorded in tree rings, scientists determined the 1097 eclipse did happen during a period of high solar activity.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Buzzing radiation, whooshing solar storm sonification]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And that means that it was more likely that there would be solar storms\u2026where that stuff coming off the sun can be exploded off, out of the corona. These are the type of storms that PUNCH will monitor from the time they leave the corona all the way to Earth orbit. Well, of course, we don't have PUNCH in 1097. But what we have are naked eye observations by the people who were resident in Chaco.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Onceness by Lorenzo Ferrara]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This was a time of high solar activity but also high human activity in Chaco. This was a time when people were still building the monumental sandstone architecture that we can see the remains of when we go there today.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: So, the indigenous Chacoans really would have been looking up at a very active corona. But Cherilynn still has questions.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We know that it was a stormy time of high maximum activity. Did the Chacoans witness some kind of kinks or curls or curves in the corona during totality? Just a few minutes of time, that's all you get. Did they witness something that they then recorded an impression of in that rock art? We're very excited about that question and about how modern NASA spacecraft like this, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, SOHO, who routinely measures the corona or makes images of the solar corona, Solar Dynamics Observatory, other missions who are observing the corona, we can compare with that data that we didn't have before. And see, wow, those features do they line up? Do they match up with what we now routinely observe in the corona?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: She hopes that by bringing together the petroglyph carving, some old drawings of eclipses from the 1800s, Chacoan pottery she came across with similar curlicue motifs, and NASA imagery of the corona, she\u2019ll be able to narrow down how humans depict the corona during solar maximum in art. There\u2019s no way to know for sure. But one thing is certain\u2026 this petroglyph is pretty special.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What we know from our cultural partners and the descendants with whom we're working, what we know is that whatever they saw, it was important to them. Or they wouldn't have taken the time and trouble to carve it rock so beautifully, and so meticulously.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: There\u2019s no reason to think experiencing an eclipse in 1097 would be any less enchanting than it is today.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cherilynn<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The spectacle of the Moon blocking out all of the light of the Sun in the middle of the day is just transcending. Because of the eerie lighting, it's just surreal, the earthly existence becomes a bit surreal, and the celestial reality becomes very real. It's a lovely cosmic coincidence that we have this thing, a total solar eclipse from Earth.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[MUSIC: Unraveling Minds by Jan Telegra]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: The most important point is that eclipses are this unique, cosmic coincidence that we can experience here on Earth. And when we experience them, we can take a moment to think about our place in the universe, and our place in human history.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When we come into contact with viewing the sun's corona, we can commune across time, with the Chacoans across time, space and culture, connecting the ancestral people who witnessed this eclipse in 1097, and may have recorded it in their rock art to now where we, you know, can see an eclipse at a time of high solar activity...<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Rock carving, cheering]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[2023 Ring of Fire Eclipse Broadcast: Wow, this is amazing, you can hear people screaming in the background. People are so excited...]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN: ...and connect it not only with them, but connected with the NASA missions that are exploring.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[SFX: Whooshing spacecraft, beeping]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: As you look up at the Sun\u2019s stormy corona this year, revealed by the solar eclipse, just like Chacoans did almost a thousand years before you, think about how many people have done the same throughout history. And think about NASA\u2019s Parker Solar Probe, flying through that corona that you can see with your own eyes for just a few minutes during totality.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[2023 Ring of Fire Eclipse Broadcast: Take off your eclipse glasses, safely of course, and make sure you look at the shadows around you, look at how the environment has changed, just make note of this entire event...]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: And in all that brief excitement, don\u2019t forget to take a moment to reflect on how many millions of other people are doing just what you\u2019re doing, across the country... looking out into the cosmos at a rare event that is beyond human existence, all together, all at once.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CHERILYNN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And I feel like that's a very unifying idea that something in the natural world is being offered that we can all, all of us, no matter where we are in the U.S. can connect to. This is a way in which we can feel the unity. Everybody in the 48 contiguous United States can see at least a partial. We're all in this cosmos. We all belong to this cosmos and this universe. This is our star, all of us, one Sun.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134245418":true,"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Wow, I\u2019ve got goosebumps... I\u2019m so, so excited to experience this eclipse myself, and I\u2019m especially excited to share it with all of you! So, before we go... a quick word from the NASA astronauts of Expedition 69: Steven Bowen, Woody Hoburg, and United Arab Emirates astronaut Sultan Alneyadi. They just got back from the International Space Station, and they have a total solar eclipse safety message for us. Let\u2019s take a listen.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MUSIC: Awakenings by Elliot Greenway Ireland]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">STEVEN BOWEN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hello eclipse fans! Expedition 69 here, and we're on a mission to get you all ready for the upcoming total eclipse.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">WOODY HOBURG:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This is exciting and there's a lot to cover.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">STEVEN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">... If you are in the path of totality, everything will get dark. And you'll be in for this show of a lifetime. Expect lots of goosebumps.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I'm sure everyone watching wants to know how to safely see it, right? Here's the deal. The only time you can look at the total eclipse without eye protection is during a brief period of totality, when the Moon completely covers the Sun. Viewing any part of the Sun without protection, even for a short amount of time can cause serious eye damage.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">WOODY: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Never look directly at the Sun without proper eye protection. Sunglasses are not enough to shield your eyes from harmful solar rays. Use certified solar viewing glasses or handheld solar viewers to observe the eclipse. These specially designed glasses provide the necessary protection.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">STEVEN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If you want to use a telescope, binoculars or camera to view the Sun, you must place a safe solar filter on those too, except during totality. If you don't have eclipse glasses, you can use an indirect viewing method like a pinhole projector. Make a small hole in a piece of cardboard or paper...<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SULTAN ALNEYADI:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">...or use a colander. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">WOODY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">You can even use your hands. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SULTAN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Basically, use any holy object and cast a shadow on a nearby surface and check out the crescent shapes. If you're not lucky enough to be near the eclipse, maybe you're outside the U.S., you can still experience it all though with NASA live coverage on NASA+ April 8 from one to 4 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">WOODY:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">That was a lot. Did we miss anything?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">STEVEN:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":1,"335551620":1,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I think that covers it. You can find all this information and more at go.nasa.gov\/eclipse2024<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">WOODY: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Happy viewing!<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[THEME MUSIC: Curiousity by SYSTEM SOUNDS]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: This is NASA\u2019s Curious Universe. This episode was written and produced by Christian Elliott. Our executive producer is Katie Konans. The Curious Universe team includes Jacob Pinter, Maddie Olson and Micheala Sosby. Krystofer Kim is our show artist.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134245418":true,"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI: Our theme song was composed by Matt Russo and Andrew Santaguida of SYSTEM Sounds. Special thanks to NASA\u2019s heliophysics team, Marcellus Proctor, Julia Tilton and Scott Swofford.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134245418":true,"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134245418":true,"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PADI:\u00a0 If you enjoyed this episode of NASA\u2019s Curious Universe, please let us know by leaving us a review and sharing the show with a friend. And remember, you can \u201cfollow\u201d NASA's Curious Universe in your favorite podcast app to get a notification each time we post a new episode.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"134245418":true,"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[STINGER: 3...2...1... This is an official NASA podcast]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{"201341983":0,"335559740":276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"raw":"On April 8, 2024, the Moon will pass in front of the Sun, casting a shadow across Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Total solar eclipses have fascinated human beings for thousands of years. Watching the Moon eclipse the Sun is a surreal, multi-sensory experience that you\u2019re not likely to forget. But Eclipses also offer unique opportunities for NASA to study the relationship between our star and home planet. Join current and former NASA sun scientists Kelly Korreck, Fred \u201cMr. Eclipse\u201d Espenak and Cherilynn Morrow on a journey through time and space to solve eclipse mysteries.  ","rendered":"<p>On April 8, 2024, the Moon will pass in front of the Sun, casting a shadow across Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Total solar eclipses have fascinated human beings for thousands of years. Watching the Moon eclipse the Sun is a surreal, multi-sensory experience that you\u2019re not likely to forget. But Eclipses also offer unique opportunities for NASA to study the relationship between our star and home planet. Join current and former NASA sun scientists Kelly Korreck, Fred \u201cMr. Eclipse\u201d Espenak and Cherilynn Morrow on a journey through time and space to solve eclipse mysteries.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/podcast\/637049"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/podcast"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/podcast"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/414"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/podcast\/637049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":637064,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/podcast\/637049\/revisions\/637064"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/634106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637049"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=637049"},{"taxonomy":"internal-terms","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal-terms?post=637049"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=637049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}