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Distrlbuti1n: Special 

Translated: RrlP 

' . ~~L?Ust 194 9 

• REF ID:A4148575 

20 copies 

Cow No. ____ _ 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 11-19-2014 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

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REF ID:A4148575 

Dro F.dgar Gretener Ao Go 

Elektramechanik und Lichttechnik Zttrich 

31 Ua1°ch 1949 No ... 158 

Cii:her devioas for Telsprinter Oi;:eratian 

H!g!lin - Gretener = System 

Ao General 

Tm cipher devices of the ff.,G system, here called 'lt (Tele=Chiffrier-

~t) 1 serve f"or t~ automatic encirflerment and decipherment of messages 

transmitted by teleprinters., To each al the tv:o teleprinters of a link 

is assigned a re, whiqh takes care of the encipie:rment of tre messages 

·transmitted by radical change of the out..;eoinB teleprinter impulses and 

ol the decijtlermant of the messages received by reconversion or the in= 

coming teleprinter impulses (restitution of the original impulse form)., 

Both procedures are conpletely automatico Operation of t.ha tel.a= 

printers is exactly tha same as withput 'ID, and the nessa-3es are al1:m;ys 

written :in plain text.a Only the electrlcal impulses en the.~ (or in 

the aether) are enciphered.. 

Figure 1 shows schematically a teleprinter connection with TC" 

Bo Tula printer ~ tems 

\ 

The TC are built for 

a) Use with teleprinters ?.ith the International· 5=element c:cxle 

( 5-unit &yS tetn) ,. 

b) Use with ETK=Teleprinters (lJ+~lement code, l!OJtbination vi1ri ting) 

(14=unit system)., 

It is proposed to build tAw ty~s of TC: 

"Standard" far use exclusively w:ith teJ.e.pr:interD of the 5=m1it systemo 

"Universal" for us e,p optionally .9 with teleprinLe rs of a 5=U11it a~ 

ot the l4-un.it s'flstemo 

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Co ~ Ciiber Procedure 

a) Ci er Procedure for a Tele int.er Connection of the 

un t stem. 

Double current polar operation o (No Bo ProbabJ: TC will also -be 

built f'or _sinGJ..e rurrent. operation ·and single tone operation with the .5=miit. 

systam)o 

Co1U1eoting the teleprinters v.dth the TC devices is veey simple in this 

case (Figures l and 2)o The 'l'C are :introduced· into the line between the 

teleprintel'f:i b)r using tv~o inp.it and two ·output binding posts o In the teleaprintens nothing need be changedo The tel&=-cipher device {Tel and TC2 ) 

cons.is ts of the actutil cipmr part CH end the polarized re~ R with its 

.two make and break contacts re1 It will be seen from Figure 2 that by 

reversing the polat"ity or. R ( thromng the contacts r ) the polar.it7 o£ 

the teleprinter l:ine a ... b is rwersedo The cipher imJlllses ·are produced 

in the cipher put CH according to a definite program and control the 

relay Ro Hence the teleprinter line undergoes a reirersal or polarity in 

the rJ:\fthm of the cipher impulses o 

· Like the teleprinters, the tele=cipher devices VDrk ai the st.art =-

stop principle o The start. results from the start impulse of the tele= 

printer over tha line st (dotted line) o Through Q'le revolution from 

start to stopJJ teleprinter and TC rm synchronously, "4th the teleprinter 

producing the writing impulses and the TC the cipher impulses {or reverse 

polarity impulses) o 'l'he mat.ter of euparimposing the two series of impulses 

will be explained by an WCSAple (Fi61re J) o 

By cs cill.ograms in Figure 3 ve show hem tha series of impulses of the 

letter "R" is transformed by the reverse polarity impulses or the TC . . l 

into the 'Series Of impulses Of th9 latter . H()tt • (nOi}iler lettarn) an:d js 

reconverted at tha l'OCeiving erd by TC2 into the impilse aeries "R111 o To 

clarify the rules or imp.llse enciJiterment, the. following assumptions are 

made (sea Figura· 2) o 

2 
1,, For the 

teleprinter 

impulses 

2,, Far the 

TC 

impulses 

- REF ID:A414857~ e 

If conductcn- a is positive,, this means "case +n 

1£ concluct9r a is negative,, this means "case -" 

When contact r is raised, th 1a means "case +" 

~Jhen contact r moves dmm.o this means "case ""'" o 

Under· these rresupposi tions the combined· ef !ect of the different 

cases of tels printer impulses arxi TC iq:>ulses is sho\m · in FifJJ.ru 4o This 

is the socscalled "multiplicative" mixing of iJ!i>ulaes (ceJ..led "mixing" for 

short in what follOilla) sinooJI far axample,, a " ... " lead impulse arises from 

Teleprinter iJ:pulse + 

+ times = = ""'~ etco 

'IC impulse 

b) Cii:her Procedure for a Teleprinter cOnnection of tl'e 14-unit s:vstemo I 

(Sing.le tone tclegrapey or single channel voice fra'}uency telegraphy)o 

Tha wiring up ot the teleprinter or the TC is hare somaWiat different from 

that of the 5 .... unit system l:ecause 11a are working here with single tone teJ..e .... 

grap}\y ·rather than double current (polar)o (See Figure 5 and descriμ:.ion)o 

The Amcticning at the cipher prccasa is ba.sicall,y, however" the same 

as with the !)=Unit system, namely start; - stop operation, producticm. of 

~ipher imrulses which are mb&d. id.th teleprinter inpulses for enci}'.ilex·ment 

at the sending station and 1cr deci1lherl!Elnt at the receiving stationo The 

mixing results according to Figure 4o 

In the l.4""1nit system the 14 writing imμ.ilaes correspond to the l4 

alement.s of the combinatian writingo 'Che letter consists of at most 5 of 

the 14 element.a, as can as seen from the attached alph&beto The letter 11zn 

(Figure 6) I for instmice9 arises by the c<nbinat.ion or elemnts 2,, 3i:i 6, and 

9 and thus t.he impulse series will contain ~ulses 2~ 3p. 6, and 9o By 

mixing with the impulse s aries produced by the TC according to the "JlDJ.lti= _ 

plicative" prinoiple of Figure 4 there arises on the line the enciP'tered . ' 

~ulse serieso The characters of this impulse series are often not 

readable charact~so In contmst to tha 5=unit system,, where the (legible) 

cipher letter "0" was obtaimd fran the letter "R" 1t 1va hers get from the 

lettiin- "Z" tm lllesibl.s symbol hJ o All possible combinations of 14 elements 
e REF ID:A4148575 e. 

(io eo ~· ~l.6,000) ~· OCCUI:' as ci]iler impulse SEl'ieSo ffence SODS 16,000 

clifferEl'lt ciphar chm"aatere are possible~ or v.h:i.Ch only about 40 are readable 

symbols (letU,rs and numbers) o This is the principal dif f'erence 1n comparison 

with tha 5-unit systemo 

Do Gemration and variatiCl'l of the Cipher Imiulee Series in the TCo 

(Ci!Ber System). 

Thus rm- we have shown in \'Uh.at manner the mhture of the teleprinter 

im}'lllses with the cipher impulses cones about. o ''Je shall ll()tl _describe briefly 

the manne1~ of ·generati,np; the cipher impilsas, io 6 0 the cinher sjstemo 

' a) !}!l. p1nwh63ls o · 

The pinwheels a.re the actual cipher elements of the 'l'Co Accord~ 

their function will be explained first .. 

Figure 7 shews 1n schematic form the arrangement. or pinwheels,,. side 

view and top view o All pinwheels 1 are mount.ed. rotab:cy on a r 

COrnmon pim1heel shaft 3o 

A pinwheel cons:ists of 

.,,. the body l, am. e.ttachBd to its rim the 

... key numbers 4 

... the pins 2.o which can be slid ax1ally ·(by- hand) and project from 

the body eittar to ths left er to the rlght .. 

Furthermore to· each pinwheel is attached a ratchet wt:ieel, 5. The pins 

2 er a pinwheel are numbered serially with key mmbers starting with 01. 

The hi{jlest key number vr a pinwhaal corresponds to tre number of pins 

(lilrew.i.se the number or teeth of the ratchet wheel) ani is called the 

division number or t.he division or the pin wheelo .14 different pin wmels 

are provided with divisions differing rrom pinwheel to pilumeelp as follows: 

Wheel 1 2 · 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 l2 13 14 

Division 29 3i 32 34 37 J8 3 9 /J. 42 43 44 45 46 47 

With its pins each pinwheel controls four make aid break contactsj) 

or which two are mounted on one side and two on the other side of the 

pinwheel body (see top view Figure 7) o The two make and break contacts 

on ona side are combined Ui the wiring die.gram into ane double make and 
.,: ... ~ 

··-

l. 

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break contact S v .9 while the two make and break contacts on the other side 

fwtction as individual make and break contacts 5" and 5 1 ". So is controlled 

by the pins 2 of a pimmeal through a feater 6.md (S"• son by a feeler 7. . . 

"j.t at a definite position of the pinwheal a feeler strikes a pin, ·the make 

§\n:i b',."'L'lak contacta are chan;~d ever (Fieure 7 side view 5 9 ), in the other 

event tm make and trea.k contacts are not · cbangEd over (Figure 7 aids view 

S" S~") o If the feslers 6 and 7 ware to scan at .the same point an tha · 

circwnfersnce of the· pinwheel, the position of s• to sn 1 S'" would always . ' 

.-be,co.upl1F:mentary_, io·eo_, if S~ is thro;;nD $ 11 VlOuld not be throv.n and vies 

. versa, due to the fact that a pin can project from the pinwheel body ~ 

to the left or only to the right.) To avoid this, the feelers 6 (rieht) 

and 7 '(left) are mounted 1 pin division apart around the circamference. 

The stepping (advance] of the pinwhae.l is accomplished by a ratChet 

wheel drive with ratchet v:heel 5, pawl 8, lever 9, opring 10 and a swine 

bar 11 which is c0Mr.1on to all tha pinwheel.so There is further a control 

magnet M which with its armature system can encase in the stepping 

mover.tent. Tm functioning of the stgpping is as follQVs: 

With each start of tha TC (i .. eo uith each letter struck an the 

teleprinter) the swing bar 11 executes a swingine movEr.Tent to the position 

indicated by dot tad lines and ~ck againo If the control nagnet ll is 

without curl"ent, lever 9ir driven by spring 10,, will also execute the 

sw:i..nging movement and by means of pawl 8 will move ratchet wheel 5 (and 

w:iJih it ~he. pinwheel) forward by one divis1ono The filng b~ 11 activates 

the lovers 9 of all 14 pinmeial.s.. If' the control magnets a.re witl"~out current 

each of the 14 pinwheels is advanced. by one pin dlvision with ea.ch charactezo 

struck Q!l the telsprint.ero . (These divisions differo11 however, from v1heel. 

to wheel; each vrhesl requires a dif f'erent number of steps for· a f'ul1 

revalution) o . If the control magnet of a P,inwheel is excited,, the armature 

12 will prevent leveT 9 from swineing oute Ttte pinwheel is not advancedo 

Control magnets M are connocted to the power source via pinwheel contacts 

S "', whereby association of the control J:JB.gnet of a particular pinwheel to 

cont.act sou or another pinwheel is sEilectiwe and variableo 

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REF ID:A4148575 

Vai.'iants 

' ~'11th the pinwheels above described a pin can only project from the· 

pinwheol body 

· either to the le.ft -- or t,o the right -- i 

hence a pin set in a particular way will activate either contact s• slate 

or contacts (511

1 S"') oncyo In crder to 'oreak this rule, single pins 

(eo go l to 2 pins in each pinwheel) are made so long ,thlit they project 

on both sides or the pinwheel body,, and other single pins ara made so 

short that they project neither to the right nor to the left. ·Of course 

the~ie two types of pins are not settable_o· -

I.ri Fir,ure a the entire arrangement of the pinwheels is shown 

schematicol.ly., In acldition to the pinwheels the rotary feed switches Sp 

' 

and rotary separator switches Tr (variait 'l) or permuatim switch Py and 

permutation switch Pz (variant 2) are mounted on the pinwheel shafts; 

these are controlled by control magnets .)ft and M (variant 1) er !tr · · Sp Tr 

and Mz (variant 2) (explanation below) o 

b) If one introduces a. double make and break contact according to 

Figure 9a into a double lead a ~ b, then by activating the double· make 

and break contact the polarity or the lead iB reverssdo For the sake of 

si.mplicity the four ~la connection of Figura ·9a. will be replaced by the 

symbol of Figure 9b, io .e o Figure 9b represents a 11lead polarity reversing 

double make and break cont.act" er ibz- bre~ty a "polarity revarser"o It 

·' one connects several such polarity reverser& in a chain (in series] (e., go 

, 6 u."lits (s1 to s

6

)) according to Figure io· am applies to the input posts 

a de voltage (Gleichspannung) ot definite polaritY.11 then the polarity ot the 

output post i.3 dependent on the position of D.l.l 6 polarity H!verserso If 

we desi1Y1Si;;e the "non-=-polarity reversing" pesition or the polarity rsversers 

by + (contacts up in Figure 9a) and ttw "reversing" position by <E> (contacts 

doval in Figure 9a) then vre get as result (polarity of the output pmts) the 

sign product of the signs from 1 to 6, e o g., 

6 

I 
- REF ID:A4148575 -

su 

. 5 Result. 

+ + + 

or + + + + 

Result ~ ·o Out.put polarity reversed l"lith respect to inputo 

Result + "" Output polarity not reversed.with respect to in}llto 

In Figure 11 there has been inserted between euch two poJarity 

reversers at' a pole.rity reverser chain a condenser which is brought :into 

contact with the one or the other branch of th• polarity reverser chain 

selectivaly throuftl, a make and brea'c contact s•t.. All -condensers are 

connected on one aide in series and to the = pole ot the input o The 

condensers may be charged ~ not.. Whet~ cl iS charged.I> depends on 

the position of S v and S" o Whether c

4 is charged depends on the . l l ' 

posit ion ot Sa 1 19 S o 2 fJ Sa 

3 ~ S 0 

4 » and S "

4 

etc o 

Figure 12 gives the basic diagram (variant 1, for variant 2 see 

Figure J.2a and Section D., e) far the Bagelinc-Oretener c:i:pher systemo There 

is a chain of polarity reviFsers viith the reversers se1 D ss2 ooose14 o 

(Theb'e •pola.rity reversers are the 14 double nake and break contacts of the 

pinwheels o) Tm input or f'eed to the cha.l,n <£ polarity reversers is 

located at the leads marked Sp (tha so-called rotary feed switch)o 

The chain of polarity reversers must not of course form a closed 

circuit., Tharefore it is broken at a point desilJlated by Tr (rotary 

separator switch) 0 

In a mannsr similar to that in Figure 11,p 14 corden~rs c

1 to c

34 

are connected to the chain of polarity rewt-sers 'thrcn~ the simple make 

and break contacts S"l· to sn14o ·(These ainple make and break contacts are 

those of the pinwheel.so) Furthermore these diaerams contain the· distributor 

camutators for the 5=unit system ani the 14-unit sys temo With the l4=unit· 

system ea.ch of the 14 condens~a is connected to one of th2 14 commutator 

segments end in the 5=unit system e.1ery th:ird ~dens8F is comeeted to 

one of the 5 conmDltator sa3nentso 'fba conde~ers can be disconnected from 

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REF ID:A4148575 

tha chain of polarity reversors throuc:;h the cam contacts ni, to ~ 

[Nockankontakt] o The ma.ancts Ji)_ to~ are the control r.aeMts or the p~ 

~sl.s rmich in turn arl3 controlled by the pinwh/el oontC:t.Cts_S"'l to S'"i_li,o 

~ T~ rotary feeder switch Sp through which curNnt is introduc~ tha'-;;ain-· ---

of polm"H.y rwersars is stepped one :rdivis ion" of the chain of polarity 

~eversers in the direction or the arrow each time a character is struck on 

the tel eprintcr (start of the TC) and analogously the rotary separator switch9 . ' . 

e o Bo in .the opposite directiono The formll'd OOVetlents of_the rot~ feeder hG·wcvt...r";~di,"CIZt1 . --~~----:-- switch am. <::£ the rotary separator switch are controlled ii! addition by the 

. control magnets i5p and MTr, eo ~hat there is only an advance in realit7 

when the corresponding magnet is Yli th out current 0 ~p and MTr in their ., 

turn are· controlled by pin.wheal contacts. In this wJ.y the charge of any 

conden:::::!i\' is dependent on a constantly changing number Cllld a constantly 

changing a~aneemcnt of the pi?mheelso Polarity roversar- SbJ) which is 

introduced into the lead to the chain of polarity revsrsers, is controlled 

by a pinwheel (through a relay which is not shot11n), nhose control magnet 

is constant)¥ without current (stepping each ti.ma a. key ·is struck)., . This 

PJ":l;Ven·!;s reaching a position in which all pimmeals stand still (all control 

magnets are excited)o 

Tm coru:lansar C 7 ,ror instancaiin the position shewn in the drawing 

receives its charge (or "ne=cha.rge") from the rotaey- feed and separator 

switch through the pol.arity reversera 

Sb s 0 s G s' s g s I 

p 2 1 ) p 4 D 5 J) 6 

'r 

sm , 7 

arid the make and breBk contact siv7.. If v1hen tm next. key is strucklil Sp 

for instance stands still while Tr roves one "division" .lll th0 direction of 

the arrow (so that tra seraratian or the chain ar polarity revers~s is 

between so6 andS'7 ) then the charge or~ aftEr the next ley is struck 

depa~s upon 

So D 5'1 1' snl4 , sel3 II sau :::. sull , salO ~so<) ,, S's and S"7 " 

8 
e REF ID:A4148575. 

What happens wit.en encipherine a letter (or a c'igit) is as follc:wrs 

(see FiBUre 13): 

In the stop position of the TC the cam contacts [Nockenknotal;:te] n 

. are closed. Ths condensers are connected to the chain or polarity reveroers 

and are charged or not charged, just according to the "accidaital" product. 

of the cont.act positims of the mOJ'll9ntarily associated pinwheel contactso 

By striking .-, key on ths teleirinter the cont.rel shaft of the TC is started 

and makes a complete ravolutiai. (s~chronized with the control shaft of the 

telsprintel.•) o Since each condmser leads to one col!Ull\ltator segments during 

the course of this revolution the condens«r voltages of c1 , c2 , c3 o. o o etc o 

are taken off one after the other by means of the brush and conducted to 

the amplifier Vo The impulses thus obtained at the output of the amplifier 

are the previously described cipher impulses, which control the polarized 

relay R (see also Fie,ure 3 and Figure 5) o The proceeding is· tm same for 

the 5-unit system and the l4=1lllit system" On]Jr in one case there is a 5-part 

( + start ~ stop ca segr.ent) commutator and in tm other a 14"':'part ( + start ... 

stop ~ segment) commutatoro 

During tre revoluticn of the control shaft of the TC .(during the tins 

of sanding out and sncj.phering 1 character) the advance of the pirnvheels 

must occur simultaneous)Jro. This., hoivsver, means a cmrplete cmnr;e or the 

positions of tlw pinwheal contactso So that, despite this change, the 

co:ri!enser charges may Nimain constant ewer a complete revolution ot the 

collaetar brush (C'O!ltrol shaft),, all condensers are cut off from the pin= 

whe&l. cont.act by the cam contacts n shartly before the start and ars I 

' connected up ·again shOi"tly bai'ore the sto Po The condensers serve as storerso 

It is claar that each mw series of cip}Er impulses is completely dif= 

ferent from the preceding o 

c) Additional Substitution 

In order to avoid having the polarity reverser S 9

1 (ct' pinwheel l) 

connectad constantly to polarity reverser' S 1

2 (of pinwheal 2)) and this 

latter to s•

31

etco 7 the rnannar of conne'cting the pinmeel contacts is tade 

subject to substitutiono The substitution points are indicated in diagram 

9 

1 
l) 

2) 

3) 

4) 

- REF ID:A4148575, 

1

;'$equence in the chain of polarity reversars" 

Substituticn key 1 

"Assodaticn of the pinwheel make and break contacts sn 

to the chain or polarity reversers" •. 

Substitutiai key 2o 

"Association of the storaee c:ondensers"o 

Substitut.iCll key 3o 

"Associati<n of the control magnets. to pimvmal 

contacts so"" o 

Substitut~ k~ 4o 

'l'b.e substitutians alweya take place within a Se:'ies.11 tμus x vJith x, 

y with y

1 etco 

Fi@l.re 14 shows a substitution scheme fort he substitution Xi ~ x

14 o 

Palarity revm-ser s~ 1 for instsnce is no longer comectad directly with . 

s~ 2 via~ but th~ leads a 8 b' lead throu~ the permutatian slli.tch PX t.o sn

8 _ 

etco Tm permutation switch wheel P ·has .fourteen divisions o T}le internal 

x . 

connections are made according to an arbitrary plano 

Norm.ally t.a1s permut._aUon switch wheel is made so that it am be ttirned 

and set by hand lilile the lead comections (sliding contact) are fixedo 

By turning tm permutation switch wheel one or more se~nts the association . . 

of' the polarity reverse:rs is completa..1y shiftedo The l4 segments are 

. numbered {01 "to 14) in order to de.fine the position or the perllD.ltatim 

. switch wheelo (Par.nutation switch· key nwnbers)o 

The internal connections of the permutatiorl: switch wheel may be 

\ . 

chan[Jld by 

- resoldering err 

-=- by changing the screws or 

.....,., by changing t..he plugging o 

• 

Th.a shu-t.s of Yl . to Yl4 are ma.de in analogous fashiono A permutation 

switch 'l.'eheel Py of lilos constructicm is providedo 

For the shifts Z :.,, Z (condenser leads) and W1 .:.. w14 (contml ma.giiets) . l. ,. l4 . 

similar permutation a'l'iitch wme.1.s Pz and Pw are provided; in these cases 

however the substitution leads li"dll no longer ba two pole but one pole 9 

corresp:m.dine to the diagramo 

10 

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• REF ID:A4148575 

Accordi~.gly l:- perrnutat.ions sw:ttch \i:hcals (each\ 1th 14 se~ts. 

pCX"mutation switch t:hl)Gl ksy numbers 1 to 14) are presenti1 •1hich normal:cy 

· are onl.y turned and set by hand and then remain in this positioo for one 

or more messageso 

As a further variation it liouJ.d be possible instead of using only ons 

pe.rmutation switch \·1he&L:, to use 2 ar 3 or t.hem which Y«>uld be connected :1n 

series according to the familiar principle of tbs ~rmuta.tion ,.Jitch cipher 

machineo 

'tVhether .1:.h3 changing or internal. connections is to be made more or less 

. conveni61t, depends on the wishes of the cu5 toraar o 

d) The make-u:e of the varirus cipher keys 

l) Pin posit ion (lert - right) 

on the 14 pin v1heels o Each pin can be pushed so that it projects 

to the left or right from the pin wheelo The pins are numbered 

(see Figure 7) o 

There are 548 pins in all o 

Setting by hando 

The pin positions do not change while the 1111chine js runningo. 

2) . Pinwheel sett~s ~ 

. Setting of .the 14 pinwheels l:w' turning them by hard according 

. to prearranged key o Ea go setting of pimiheal 1 on key number 

51 pinwheel 2 on key number 12 (Figure 7) etco 

The pimvheal settings change whUe the r.e.chine is running 

due to the steppmg (controlled by the cont;rcl magnets) o 

(There· is a changed key for each new letter) o 

Tha initial settine or the pimmaels at the bsginnine of 

a trans.mission .is reBB.i'ded as the. key o 

N.Bo The TC is provided vr.tth a counter11 which counts every I 

. character struck on tte teleprinter (io eo every stepping or the 

pinwheels) o . Toorefc:re a nw:iber or transmissions may be uniertaken with a single init.ial settinga It is only necessary to 

transmit (in clear) the eountez- readine before each new tra.namissiono 

ll 

----. 
.. 

e REF ID:A414857 •. 

2a) Initial setting of too _rritl!X'Y feed smtch and the rotary 

SeJ:Qrat<lr switcho 

(Similar to that v1ith the pim'lheela) o 

3) Setting of the n§lrmutation s\tltch wheels, .. 

Setting of the four l.4=part permutation switches by hando 

Normally no automtic steppizle (no chanea or the key as set 

while the machine is running) o 

4) Tzp·~ of in~rnal_..S'_mections of the permutation switch wheel.so 

The internal connecticns of the permutation sllitch meals, 

Go go according to Figura 14» can be altsred (by hmid) more 

or less frequentJ.y according to a prearranged k~Yo These 

connectiClls are normally solderedo However they can be by 

screws or by plugsa 

e) Variant 2 

· Fjgure 12a gives a diagran of wriant 2 of the telecipher deviceo 

Wiring and inannsr of operation are vsry sim..ilar to the above described 

varimt le The only differences ·are: ~L ~!MM~_~ -t/..;.,' ~~a,~) 

la Rotary feed and seps.rator switches fall auto 

2.. The 2 pole permutation switch wheels Px W1d fyg likai.vise 

the l pole -permutation, switch wh_eel Pz n01J1 rave 28 parts 

eac'ha 

(28 positions marked by numbers)o 

Jo ·The mtcrnal connections of the permutation S\'dtch v1heels 

are now by plugging .. 

4o The }Ermutation switch wheels Py and Pz are mounted on the 

pirnvheel shatt (Figure 8) o They are set by hand and n.re 

advanced autanatical.J.y (1 division at a 'time) while the 

m:i.chine is runningo They are controlled by the oontrol 

magnets My and Mzo 

5 o Permutaticn switch wheel Px is set only by harido 

· (No change while the ma.chine is running) G 

The introduction of f'ead. voltages is at 4 points,, namely_ 

by the leads 1, 2 for .:instance at G.J., by JJJ 4 at @, by 

12 
e REF ID:A4148575-

51 6 a~® and ~{ 1, 8 at. (l.:2} o These leads can be sui.t died a~ . 

will. b,y plugging in perm11tatim switch mee.l Px (just like al.1 I-~~ . 

other swit.clable leacts) o Front t111e to tine at the feed inlet. bl 

tile permutatJ.on mritch wheel ~e chain of polarity reversl!II's 1a 

separated qy cutting off tb.e""'!i,~:i;ad (l'it,Ure l2a)t> In 

this """ there arise 4 parts or the chain of polarity reversers, 

each separat.e frOlll the othar1 and their conpoaitian ie natura.lly 

dli'ferent from Px far each switch poeitiono 

60 'l'ha assa: iatian of ~trol mapts ll:i_ ~ Du.. ot the p:imlleels, 

as well as.~ and i!z to the pirmh9al. contacts s•rt1 to su1

14 

cmt he chosen at will a.m substitut.ims mde by hmd plUgging. -

Here hOl'iever no parmutaticn smtch wheel :ls irovidedo 

(su14 is cantrolled by a pinwhsal wl:lose cont.rol magnet is· 

artitical~ deprived or current pemanently, io e. this pinwheal am~s steps) Q 

- Eo llechanioal Details 

Tl'B. driw or the control shaft trlth the con:mutators (far the 

cipher illpulse generati~), the cam plates JI as well as the drive i'or 

the steppina of the pimvheelia"' is taken care of by an electric motor 

·{vie. gears)o The speed is ·regulated by a c&nt.rifugal switch., Bet~ 

motor and control shaft :ls a coupling of spe c.ial construe ti.an• which 

is cont.rolled by· a loo power starting maePet.. 'Phis starting magnet in 

I 

turn operates at the starting i.q)ulse of the teleprintero Uith each 

· start impulse the coupling ail:a,c;es spantaneously whereupon the control. 

shafts aakes one revol1it. iono 

The construction or the TC is such that there is m upper part 

containing primrily ~he nracban:i=al portien (pimvheele,, control shaft, 

motorjj et.co).. 'fhis UpJ)Sr pa.rt is IID\Ulted on a 1~1er part in such 

manner that it can be tipped ha.ck; the lower part contains primarilJT 

electrical components (runplit'iers~ :rectifiers etco)., 
F o Technical data a 

REF ID:A414857. 

(Universal '1'1Pe) 

la TeleJE.inter SYSffmo 

2o 

lo 

4o 

The TC oan be evd.tched over tor Opel'ation 1n the 

a) .5111St BJSt..u (inta'Doticmal. teleprinter system). 

- dotl>le <NJ'Nnt. (pcalar) opeiratian o 

b) llrunU. "'8tem (m) 

- ~~tone OJl)l'&ticao 

~- Y!ltaaeo 

Th9 TC can ba c:omected to 

a) J.1118 ac voltages 

uo, la5,145, 220, 250 wJ.tag 

b) Batte17 de 'I alt,aee 

12 volt&o 

p~,!£ can&Wll\lt.ls 

a) Lina operat.ian a ca 90 VAo 

b) Battert operat;i one ca (D watto 

fte11D~ut.1ana 

a) llotor 400J rpnla 

b) Control Statt, can be shstted qr iiepl.acmg two drive wheels toie 

a) ~ SJ&tem 

Contirmau.11 480 rpm 

WritSng speed 428 charaatere per m1no 

b) l4-unit 19J'$tem 

Conliinuous: 355 rpm 

Writiug speed 300 charact.ers per m1Ao · 

Sa 'fubF optionall71 

a) EuroJ>!!BI 1 EZ ~-

2 EL 42 

3 EB4l 

ora 

b) An!ficans l 7r4 

2 7B5 

3 6H6 

l4 
e REF ID:A41485754t 

6. Fusoa 

l. S A 

2 O. 1 A 

2 2 A 

l 6 A 

1. Dimensions 

ca. 400 x 335 x 180 mm. 

s. :teidtt 

ca. 15 q. (nithait aareying case) 

G. In§tptians for opo:ratian 
REF ID:A4148575~ 

Ao General 

B. T!J.! m:inter aystem 

C. Cigr procedun 

a) Ci}:her proced.Ure for teleprinter 11ne of the s-unit systemo 

b) Cipher procedure tar tel.eprmter line of the 14-unit SJ'St8Jno 

D. Gerpraticg am variatiai ot the c;t,ptter impulses, in tha TC (cipher system)., 

a) The pinmeela 

b) Wiri111 diagrams (Variait l) 

c) Additional subst-1t~1ono 

d) Make-up of the varicus cipher ke)'Bo 

e) Variant 2o Hb-1.ng di&tP"am md method of op:rationo 

E. Mechanical. details. 

F. Technical. datao 

G.. Oparat Hig instruc tians o 

lh 

-.. 
Mod. 1002 

fernschr. 

Klartex-..-

Imi:->u l_se 

. I 

TC 

Station 1 

Fe rnsc b.r. 

Masell.- I I 

1 I 

b.. I 

. . 

REF ID:A41485754t 

Fig. 1 

Le itung . 

--~~--. ~----i TC 

C111f1r1erte Impulse -

. Leitung 

b 6' 

-

Kld.rto;;xtIrnpul se 

Station 2 

i ,, I · l! 

I I 1 j I I . 

l 11 I ;_<c- ~ 

.Ferus<.;r1r. 

:.1ascL. 

2 

! ~st 

I I . 

: I I 1 I· 

I L~ . ~J_j '-..- TC 2 

Fig. 2 _ 

----

., 

/ ~· 

. I :, 

A.M .. a .. ··rll ZU.rirh. i'Om 1000 111.•7 W_1119 
•: 

Mod. 1002 

REF ID:A414B575_. 

2 _ll_J 4 5 Stop 

I ·~i.__ 

. 

·r-

. -1 

Leiter a(F~~~i!5vt i + + . ' -,--+-____ __.____ 

Leiter. a., negativ 1 .' _ 

(Fall -) I - I 

I 

. 

I . . 

Von Fer·n- , I schreibmaticu' •' 

---l ausgesandt 

I Impulsserie · ( Buchstabe a) 

I 

I 

r,, nac1: ob en f ~ (fall +) 

I 

. + 

~ 

t-_._ __ _. Von TC er-

• 1 ze11gte Impul -

nacL 

~ -. - ~ serie {Lei- . I tungsumlJol'un r-t 

Lt!iter 

l.eiter 

gc.J.tiv 

unten 

(Fall -) 

a; (a;) pol tiv (fall .+) 

a~ (a 2') ne 

(fall -) 

I 

1 ·· 

1' 

.. I 

I 

I --_r= 1-· I 

-t 

. . ,;_____. _ _. _ _, 

a 2 pos. (fall +) t I + + . 1 

--,-· t-,-· ~ -1- . I I I I ,. 

a, neg. (i'all-) 1-. -• - - j . 

r, naci1 (~!~l +) f~ +-~, + _·+ ._+ ~ r, nae!, unten i. 

(Fa.11 -) 

. I ! 1Leiter a 2 iJO~itivt I · I + (Fall+) ! . . 

. -+1-- Le 1 t.::r a 2 negat1 v I 

( i·' a 11-) L _ · -

·I fig . .3 

. 

~­ + -L 

_., 

I gen) 

I 

lh1tf die Lei- . _J tung g~aende 

_ te chiffrier 

I te Impulsserie (Bud1sta 

lben 0) 

I 

I I Von Station.2 ~ empfangene · 1 Imciulsserie I (Buchstabe O 

-----, Von TC erI zeugte Impul - - -1 aerie (Lei-· tune;sumpolun 

· I gen) 

I Von Fern..:. 

.sclire ibr:lasct - ---12 ernμfangene 

ldechiffriert I Io...t'u 1-sserie 

(Bu cl1f:ltabe rt I . . 

I 

I 

A. Mr...,rll ZDrlcb b20 m IOOO 111. •1 ,'W 1110 
Mod. 1002 

- REF ID:A4148575-

Fiille 

FernscLreibirnpulse :} :1 :l ] TC - Impulse 

Leitungs-Impulse +- _.,. _.,. + ... 

1eitungs-Impulse :1 ~] ~} +· 

TC - Impt1 lse -

Fe nrnchre ib imp1llse +- + .. -- _ .... 

Fig. If 

oSia'' __ 1 _ 2 -1 _} __ ~4 . 5 6 1 _ e. 9_j 1Q_i 11 +1~J 13 I 14 J s1o,,,_I 

.o o o o a 0 QEJ 0 m:f11B\IJIB! 1 r--'--- ·--- ---------1--~--. __ 1_1·-li I 

~ -- I~-.=::_ 11.1 

j+ 

1-

I 

I 

1-

l 

+ 

1-

.___ 

+ 

+ + +I+ + + +1+1+ 

- -! _I 

+I+ 1+ + 

1· 

+ + + 

-1 

- I -

+ + + + + + + 

Fig. 6 

I 

I 

~ 

I. 

A. ldo•Mcrll ZQrlch ~~'()ID llMMl Ill. 17 W l 119 
Mod. 1002 

REF ID:A4148575-

Em pf anger 

1·'--·--·--· 

Gleichrichter 

-T 

I Verstar~r I 

... 

. 

GRl KJ· <v11-.- ..... _ __.~_... I 

Druckmagnet 

Startstopl!ll.gnet 

I 

I 

. 

Sender 

. . 

· 1 

I Oi l1i I_ ........ Leit'~ 

Doppelweg-

• ... ....._...._.Gleichrichter _ U I 

t-----849 - - ........ + 

...., ~'~ t---4~-- + 

I . -~ fl o I ~W' ·'1 Oszilat5r 

I G_j,Geber 

17 1 Tast:e n & Kollektor) 

.. I '·----~·--+-·--I-..__...._. ETK I ------- . 

-u G 

. ,1, I t u H I 

f-=H'+"· I 

11 L-r , . I _ ~{t ·I I i r2 ----1~.j~ r _....,__ __ 

I I I L-..-4 ---' 

I I Dechiffr.ierung . I Chiffrierung __ .__ __ 

.I L ________ l ___ _ 

L -. . --------l-----

start1e1tWlg filr ~c 

TC 

.R 

I '" -

, ' . 

I 

" 

CH . 

. _ _J . 

~1------------------------·------· --------------------

Fig. 5 .. 

Prinzipschema von Er~- Maschine mit TC~ G"erat. 

Vorgang : A. Senden 

I 

a) Bildung der chiffrierten Wechselatromimpulae (Chiffrier'.:~ i '. 

Durch Dri.lcken einer Taste des ETK-Schreibers : Gleich - _ ... .,::;. 

' zeitige Auslosung des Staxtes von Schreiber und TC- Gerat- • 

.1.. M-U UJfch 610 m 1000 W. ~T ..... \19 
Dia8£am of the J!jTl\ mch#la with TQ device. 

Pz>ocadure: A. saw 

a) Foniaticn Of the ~~i:!MPJ'ed ac impulses (enci;her~t) 

bJr pressing a ley ot tile JmC )lr'int.Gl's 'silmltane0us ~eam I 

ot the start of the trinter and the TC dCJViceo Generation . . 

·of tl'le ETK impulse series in tbs s«ndcr G am of t.h.e cipher 

·.impulse serios (control by rel.iv R ld.th contacts r

1 and r

2 

tbi-ouiji CH).. "l&il.tiplicative" mjxing of the tt10 !mpulse 

series. (G - r10 see d:i.agNlll) end opt.irmm oi;eration · 

[? AuPsteuonqJ of the oscUlat;or with this Smp1Jse prOd.QCto 

Format.ion oft~ enalphared aa impilses (1500 c;rcles) wh1dl 

are sent to ti. line. 

b) P=tion of th~n 1£ ~e serJea .for the· ptinter ii t ena jim~-~e~_e=1o ' 

The enciifttred ac impulses from the lme COll8 via 

·anrpl•tier V tO rectifier GR and form the (cipher) clo . . 1 l . 

Vuptilae series Ul • An aux1lJ.aey voltage, UH is controlled 

_b.r cont.act-r2 of tha pcle.rized rel.iv' Rand forms the oiP.r 

impulse ser5is 00 o · With the polarity or the two impulse 

series 1nd1c&ied in the diagram m get once more a 

"mult.iplicative" mi:d.ng.r> so that at the output ot the . double 

path :rectif1er aa2 the deoiphsred (plain text). impulse series_ 

appears, 1thioh ops~ates tha printer magmt (pla.1.rl text) via · 

amplifia- '2 0 

~ plain t.ext 1JUpulse eer:ies controlling the printer 

111QiJ18t does not theretare. COJll9 dir~ctly from t)B sendsr of 

the ETK nachins -tut the cipher impJlse series tormed b7 (G -. r

1 ) 

· ·is decipte~ed b7 (tT1 - U0 or r

2)o 

Bo BeceJt,ian 

I 

The enc1pmred ac impul.ses coming from the 11D& are transformed 

into plain text according to A0 b)'-:'; ·just as .m &Ending. 
I-' 

Mo~. 1002 

1r-i=1 .Y0 

1 

. ' 

REF ID:A4148575~· 

llujri.ss 

urvndris.s 

Fig. 7. 

~. !'tleaoerll ZOrlcb ~20m 1.•~· Ill. •7 
Hf I H.I'; N . NI/ I HI . HIJ N? . N8 ,.,, 

I - I 

Hf# · Nff N-fJ' i J!HJ Nf.Y . 

I 1 I c ! _, i + ~ 5' ""j? \s.l!l·1111·ff .. t2~fJ\n I ~ i <9 i JI .Ji!> i .Jt i .J? 38 i jg I +I i +~ I '

3 ,, I t~ I 

t

6 I #? I 

. Fig. 8 . 

. . I . . g 

·:'-

.,; . 0 

:- :l 
e REF ID:A414B575e 

_ _,__ __ --w-~11· 

. , Fig. 9b _,,- · 

b 

1 Fig. 9a 

Fig. 10. 

si si s; s. . + ~---·1"9--~ oe--~---1>'· ....---'II;~ -J',;>9---

. £1ngang :x: ·x 

s; s; SJ s.· 

,C., C2 C.1. c9 

-

fig. 11 

'• 

Mod. 1002 A. ~II Eirich M~Om 1000 UL 41 W' lllt. 
; 

., 

I 

I .. 

·. 

REF ID:A4148575 .. . I ~ . 

r 

lel~cniffr/ergero"I · · 

Chif!riersystem Hagelin- Gretener 

Pz:inzipschema Va~iante I. 

{&er .Sysl'~mJ 

· · Ko//e/rlar {t• ff-..J~1/rM 

w. /\' 111 

s,f' 

Legende: 1 + 14 = Kollektorlammellen ... • .,, s; + s:,.,so' = Stiftrad- Doppelwechselkontakte 

s, -t S,.. s:· + S~, = St1ftrad- Einfachwechselkontakte 

n.+ n~ = La de- Nockenkontakte 

M, + Mu, = · Stiftrad- Schal tmagnete 

Sp = Speise- Drehschalter 

Tr = Trenn- Drehsch~lter . Msp = Speise- Drehscha'i ter- Schal tmagnet M~ = Trenn- Drehschalter- Schaltmagnet 

C1 + C~ = Speicherkondensatoren 

X, + X,'t = VertcsuschungsschlUss~l 1 

Y, + Y 1,. = Vertauschungsachlilssel 2 W + :.::,,, ~ ·1ertau$c~ 

z, 1' z,¥ = Vertauscnungsschlilssel 3 I .ungsschl'lE;Jae1·-4. 

n· . 12 Da tl'J. 2 .. Ml. .. 

.J~ .. .... . 5k ... . 
==============~~~-~-~~==·==---~· _,_=-~--~--~-=-========~~-~)~==--==--=:_================7\.=)ar===:-===============~===-=---=-~--=-~· ~-~-~~7"() 

REF ID:A4148575 

+ - Kol/elrfor (serJyJ!em/ · -· -- .·. ~ 

~ 

~ 

~ ~ 

~ 

~ 

. q; ~ 

' ~ 

t 

,,~ 

~---0.11-~ 

'c::: ~· 

kol/elr/or (t~er Sf!slemJ 

~--+---'-----0 J * 

II ~ cti . 

o---f.---oS ~ 

---6~ ~ -.(: 

o-----t~---o 7 ~· 

___ _, " I.. • --4'--+----' c ~· 

.... 

c::: 

'i 

c::: 

~ 

~ 

~-----0-. ---0 

... -

fjg_ 12 0 ~ 

~ "' 

~ 

II/ 

""' 

Telechiffr/erg_eroel 

Sf!slem h'age//n - Orelener 

f'r/nripsch~ma //'7ri11nit' 2 

~ ... 

~ QI 

~ 

11y 
... 

_..._. 

I ~ 0

Mod. 1002 

REF ID:A4148575tt 

Zu S" und Umpoler-K,ette (St iftradkontakte) 

v 

Kollektor 

Stop lame 11e 

Bilrste 

Ste11erwelle des 

TC 

R 

Ci1iffrierIm~ulse 

A. M .. uerll Ztlrlch ~20 m 1000 Ill. •7 W 1119 
e REF ID:A4148575e 

Fig. ,,,. 

I_; 

A. !lle ... rll ZUrlcb ~20 m 1000 Ill.•' W lilt 
::7-~ ., - . 

. ' ,._ ... 

. ' 

.·. 

~ . . . 

i· .. 

1 ... 

., .... 

. \\ _,:.;·:· , . 

.. 

.. ,.,. 

. , • . 1,. 

. ' .. : ~- . . . 

. ' 

'. 

.. 

. . 

.. . •' 

-

: 

.,,~ : 

,..,,,.. 

.. . 

- \ 

,. 

.. . , . 

... 

.. 

. .. ' ~ 

-· <~- ··: 

~. y 

- .. 

, 

·e REF ID:A4148575e 

( ',' :;.,{ I'" ' - ·7 i;/ r ·1 I s. 1.1. ( ~ : _ :~ •) 

- . ' . ·' ' . 

1 2 .. ~ "' 5 6 7 8 9 ' '· 10 11 12 ts 1'+ . CJ ·_a D a B ~ Q El fl ll1 ~ & CJ 8 

R •• • • • B ... • • • • c • • • D (, • ,,. • J,/ • E • • •• • .. .! • 

F .;,;. • • G • • • • H' •• • • I • r(_ 

;J • • • • . " • • • • 

L • •• 

,., • • • • N • .. • • . . • D • • • • p • • • • B • • • • • ' , 

R • • • • • 5. • • . . • • T • • u •• • • - ,, • • • H • • • • -

X· • • • • )I • • • z • • • • -

.f .-, • • 2 • •• • • • ·3 • • • • 

' ... • • •• 

,. • • • 

6 • • • • • 1 • • • 8 •· , . .. •• . • 

g • • • • • ! 

I • ' 

+ • • - • ( . (. 

. • • 

> • • /_. • • . .., .. • •• • .. , • • .. .. . 

- • • -

:fl/' • •• •• • •• • 

KZ 5 Drtihl~ nach . Beda.rf -

: 

.. ,'\..•,:-i: . . ·- .. .... ~ •." .~'- .. r '· - ETK-sehrei/Jer. .si&~rhellsatphoMI J 

.. - .·. I 

. . I . . . m110/ ~ Mllei" - A. -ez IM .. 11/Je . . 

..... tJRl'S ·- tl':l>., 1 l"T. 

';\ '.': . - _,,• ... •· . ,. ~ Ing. f.Oretener ,, .,: ... ' ' I : - .. .' .Zorich·· -......:.__~ 

- -- '.L . -- . ~ .. ~) ,