• Ji&ftf.165545. 

LIST rH "tJ-.sTIOflS f.EU.'l'JvE ri'O 

AP..!'T AIR FORCE"' 'rIT,ITARY CIJARACTlmISTICS 

'FOR co~"'Ul~IcATTONC' s~'~Rtrr Fi'UIP'"'='-11' 

~.!Jl'"al ''uestions or +~m.s for !>iscu.ssiop 

l. Does Amy A~ r• Forces plan t.o leave to 1\.rmy Security Agency th.e 

decision as to Wi\et.har a. device built in rccordnnce with the "'/C•s i:::. to bo 

an integrated or non-integrated eqidll!ll.ent? 

2. '·any S\Jllgestions v.111 nrC>.:abl.y be l!'.&d'd wit'i reg~rd to trair.ing 

paricds on all the A~ enuiJX"ent. Under the army enlistnent syste111. it is 

necasHry th"lt considEiration be given to the portion of an enlist"'ler:.t period 

. given to train.1ng for a job Jtnd certain4r the AAF sl·ould exnress t"i.c.n•nelveson this point. T~is training ti.Jr.e snould be minirrun consistent witn other reruirements. ijowev ~r, whcr.,, the use of a devlce is 1.ntC'ndarf to be cnch ar- t,o l"'Qnuire 

extremely short and Bl.Mple trainJ ng psJ;""lods 11 specific reference t.o ~.h.is l'IB"'uirement should be given,. "Yi.th indicatlon of tha prl ori:i:.y or this require•ri1'1t as 

comparod to requirerentr:1 tor secur:~ty, wei~ht, aize 9 speed, etc.. Fc-r :f nstance, , 

with the v,..209,, whera- operators c.re const.ant.l.y beinl" shot. up, to be :-c-placed by 

l'lere novices, \'Jith no training to sneak or, the rf"rutrell"ent tor sil"nle 1'18.intenance 

and operation trainint, takes precedence over security, as does weight and size. 

tn this respect, t:ie Chief, "'Pchri.101.l Starr (' :X~\~-~l) oroposed to z.i\P and Resed..,..lh 

and Developir ... nc. I>iv'n~o~ in A-Wil 191..6 11 that ell future "/C~s be wr~t,en mu.ch 

like a nen·sp.1oer stm.7, vdt.-.-i P1rst t..hings first. Abbrevi.11t~nns of lro •·/c•b bJ 

cutting rror; t"le end t,'1cm leaves ttiE' esaential , .. ec.uirerents exprcss<•o. _ n the firs::. 

paraEranh1 and a del•naation of th:sa in order o!: d~creasinv, imoort~nr.e as the end. 

or the presentatJon ~s e~proachedo 

S~scific r~LS~ione or IteMS ror Discussion ~-----------........ ---------------------- a. Present plarminp: considers this systcr1 for uoe only bet.ween .1r 

eclassifi ed and a ursuantto E .0. 1352 
• • 

General ~uestions or Items for Discussion 

\ f\ a. ._ ,. llltnrl te ,._, • te ...... 'Ilsa .. C-. • ills&•z W112C~ ·:. , _ _.. ... .,. nu. .................. .,,.. .. • • ..... , ••• ,.. "' .. .-. 1' 

i ' 1 

. ::~ .., .au .. .,,.. ...... , t ... ,_; ........ II leatl•• ••• ,. ... I 

2.. !:any suggestions will nrobably be mad0 wit!1 regard to traininp, 

periods on· all the AAF enuip."lent. Under the anny enlistr~ent system it is 

necess.q,ry th1t considerat.ion be given to the portion of an enlii>t'."ler:t period 

given to training for a job 11nd certainly the AAF should express therr.solves 

on this point. This training time should be minir.:Uf'l consistent with other reruirements. Eowev..:r, wher-::! the uRe of a device is intended to be snch EW to require 

extremely short and si~91~ training periods, specific reference to this re~uire~ 

ment should be given, with indice>.tion of the prioz--lty of this requirer::ent as 

'compared to requirer:ents for security, wci~ht, size, 5peeg, etc. For 3.nstance, 

with the '''-209, whi:ra operators aM constantly hein~ shot up, to be rf?!)laced by 

mere novices, with no training t.o sr>eak of, the rcru1re~ent for sir.mlc maintenance 

and operntJon training takes precedence over security, as does weigl~t and size. 

In this respect, t:ie Chief, 'T'echnical Staff ("Df.."tf.-Pl) 9roposed to A.to..? and Research· 

and Developrr.ent Div~s.!.on in A!lril 1946, that all future ~:/C'ls be written much 

like a newspaoer story, with first things first. Abbrevi.<itfons of tho ''/C's by 

cutting fror-L t~ie end then leaves tne essential requ:i.rcr:ents exprnssnc ::..n the first, 

parae;rarh, and a delineation of these in order of decren.sirrr, import•·nce as the end 

of the presentation i1> l:\nproached., 

.~pacific ,...ucstions or Ite~1s for Discusdon 

J. ~:aster _; ·ncrypted Transn5.r; sion ::.~ystem. 

a. Present planninp; considers this syster.i for use only beti:;r:ien :::ir 

-. ,J 
Department and theater headquart.ereo Unless AAF is organized as a separate 

service. a device under Ir-"R II, XI or IX might well fulfill thfl conte'llplated requirements of tbe AKI o 

• 

b. Suggest that in paragraph 1 the term "infinite aecurity11 Jdght. be I 

replaced by appropriate delineati.6ri of "hi~h securitl"" mlach l~ke the reference in 

m.'R I, Grourd Point.-t.o-Point Section of SIGlRA.. Security •11viaion is reluctant 

I 

to consider security in tar.ma of itltinit7. 

I 

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"Co In paragnph 2f {lf/C 1 $) suggest "Operate ·'1th standard ~rplicable 

t1pas or signal communications e~uipnent." 

4. High-~·edium Echelon Liten.J. Syatemo 

a. Indication here is for n "bl.a.ck box" t,hat can be used \"11-....h normal 

applicable standard Teletypewrite!" 11auipment. The "black box" should in no 'Wa1' 

11 prevent" "delive17 ot standard page or tape copy freer. this equipment, nor hinder 

the operation or the standard eauipment at the spaed ot modern printing telegraphyo 

Since planning for the future incll1Ciea 100-150 speed eoui?nents in t.ie tel.et7J>S 

!'ield, some "cover" ph."t"aaeoloQ to guarantee thie i"a.pid operation sbould be in- 1 

eluded. 

bo Reference paragraph 2j (r/C•o)" Further explaraaticn of ''nomal 

t.e1Gtyp8''iriter po11er Bti:P?lJ" is d~s.lr&blea 

c. Reference parav,raph 2f, ('11'/C•s)a It is considered that ~he direct 

encr,yption or numerals, while itsal..t feasible, would cause considera?:>La difficulties in the operation of such a d~ice. The f'e.ct thdt transmission ~rs will 

occur in some degree would necess.i.tate the repetition or each numeral in any .> 

aasage. 1\'hen transmission is by :radio, this is almost certain to raault in message 

delays and loss or cha.•mel time. Erroro that may occur in sinaJle cha"t"acters ot 

numerals that are spelled out, howeyar, will not nor"IE!.lly cause raC1uasts for re2 
peats. ,\ repeated numeral actually renuires a second repetition, if t.h3 f'irst 

repatition dif'f'ers rr.~r the original tranSmission, in order to 'ieterl'lln~ which 

is correct.' However, tabuldtions co.nnot be handled by spslled out. nu.wars es 

well as b7 directly encrypted numerals. 

5o Low l!.chelon Literal System. 

a. Tieterence parar,rap..'1 2a ('"/C•a). Su11p;est substitution o! "Be capable 

ot emergency operation from standard batter.v supoly." I 

b. SecUl"ity or this device should be expressed as 3de"'Uc:Jte in terms o: 

the echelon ot use. Policy on this matter should be promulgated and the P/C•s 

revised ~ AA1 in accordance with the policy if' possible. 

c. Reference paragraph 2g ('VC1s). See paragraph 4c above. 

d. Reference paragraph 2j 0"/C•s). ~at is meant b7 standard military 

,.., • power source. 

6.. Airborne Literal Systemo 

a. Paragraph 4a above acplies generall)' here. 

b. Reference paragraph 2j (!'/C•s) parap-aph 4c above aoolie.s. 

c. For reasons unknOTO'l, soccific ~er supply references ara not madeo 

d. Security should be COl'sidered on terms of the &~proved policy, as 

aderudte tor the echelon considerado 

7 a Special ?'ission S=·stem_,_ 

ao Suggest,rophraaing of 11 intinit.e" security. 

L. I~ererence parasraph 2b f''/c's) reccmr"'end subst:it1on of "caoable of 

Multiple conf'erance operation. 11 

c. It is understood t'iat oaragraph 2h (""/C•s) ftl3ans-thA.t AAF does not 

want ~c be li~ited as to message lengths tor each indicator used • • • • they d~ 
REF 

not want to haTe to string out a aeries ot short measa,es t.o get a predetermined 

mesaase l.cmgth tor sanding 111th a ,.:lven indicator, nor do the7 wish to ba"Ve to 

bNa,k or othend.ae curtA11 lengths ot •ssapea aent. Uftder one ind!cator. '9llt 

I 

the wording doea not claArlJ' COftV8J' this thou..P.ht. 

d. How does "mobile airborne-operation• ditf'er h'an nairborne opnration"? • 

e. Paragraph 4c above apnliea. 

t. Further cnnaideration J!d.ght be F,iven to utilization ot a cmnon 

deri.ca tor 'r/c• a 5 and 41 '"oecial "~ssicm S7ate."!I and Airborne Literal S;ystmr... It 

this 1a practicable the adYantages are obvious • . 8. Aircraft ••nement Sl!tem. 

a. Reterenoe paragraph 2d (••/c•a) "Taoe" should be moditied. Is orinted \ . 

or punched tape or both intended.., 

b. Reference paragraph 2e (!!/Cta) panLgraph 4c above applies. 

c. Reference pa:r8«1"8ph lc:I ("·/c•a) what ia r.eant by "NOl'r.!81 Code Roam 

Personnel., Par&Rl"&ph 2 above applies. 

d. Further an:pl1t1c&tion ot paragraph 1 ('-/C1s) required .. 

9. "'eathar Callectlne smea. 

a. Reference paraeraph l (••/c•a) is not weather tratt'ic sent in .!J! 

Clal!lai t"icationa during war t1me? 

b. Rete:rence paragraph 2j (1•/c•E) 1\'hat are the present and anticipated 

a:lrbome pOwer supplies? Voltu:es, etc.? 

c. Specific reference ahould be made to a remiirei-.mt ... or 1311\181 and 

autmat.ic on-line,, and of't-line operation, 

JD" l'edi~!fie;h "F.chelon C1phonz SntM. 

a. Reterenc:e paragraph l (1'/c;•s) How .lbout. Ton Secret? 

b. Par&grP.J>1'1 2c (V/C• a) n:1Rhf, be more clearly stated to ind.icl)te that 

4 
~55. . a.. Reference :Jc ('• .. /c•a) Suggest nax:1mun: we1Rht•1 Bi.sea, etc. be given. 

":bat 1a, or more app:ropriateb, what 11111 be _. llmitatlor.a aa to weight .and 

111.sse placed on it111:11 to be tranapo:rf,ed bJ "atandare cargo aircralt."7 

11. A.1rbome Ciphonl f.rui :ml.t. . a. neterenca pan.graph 2b (1f/C•e) Since the C~Oflr&phic eauipmnt 

will auppl.J' a .aignal for l!l0dulat1an onl7 to the rad).o t.ranllllitter and ei,nce the 

tranll!dtted aipal will theret"ore be a characteristic ot the radio tranamitter 

and not ot the o1ph001' convert.er it :5.a,ratber ditt"icult to •e hem tho cpnvel"ter . aq aupply a signal thatr w.lll hot be urduq attected b7 at.":lOoph lrica and inter-

' 

terence. 

b. Reference pa.r881"aph 2:1. (1 •/C•e) VARU•· Doea thJ.a rtean standard 

airbome power •pplT/ If ao, what are at.andard airborne oower eunnliee? "lhat I • 

trend will they take in the futm'il" .. c. Retermce pull!ftph 2k (''/C•a) 'The airtorce eou1."lll0nt would be held 

b;r PTa1lld force unit.a •1th wbiab the Air 1i'orce unit wished to COl!lllNllicat.e. Thia . . eruipn.-nt. euopliea a eignal tor modulatioa 'bJ' HF line-ot-a1ght cczmand radio aeta, 

• 

wtureaa normal ground units cannot use HF line-ot-ai5ht tranmaai.ona except f'or 

abort diatancea or to aircratt. Ttierefore the AAF anuirnnnt would 1"0rk with 

identical equipaant 1stJUed to Ari un.i:ba that. noed it • . d. Reference para,,zoaph 2p ("/C•a) n•!inimum "las" pl"obabl.7 would do 

bet.tar than "no J. ...g" 1t _tacihnicai col'rectne•• ls desired. 

12. H1@K..U.ar.i Echelon Citax Enu1relnt:. 

a. Reference paragraph 2a und 2f (''/C•a) Tiaeae m~ht be stated thueq: 

Not adnrae]7 atrect t. 1e traf'tic handling ..aanacit1, operating 

:ran~, or intelllgibifit7 non:iau,. ltfforded by &ft3' t:ranl!lliatd.on 

117atem with "'hiah it is uaed. 

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detinlte. llOl'l!Sl voice c:l.raaits ax be apllt m.s to 'baldwidthe 11 tJm~ 1s11 bav:lllg 

ludw!dtba of 1600 CIS mad c:b-ouits ot this tine v1ll not pand.t ftl.caildle tn.na--

m_.lona I !his ohaactar:latta mpt. j,S'Uperq· ate.ta c:let:baS:tel.7 tha pantd.sa:lb'.le 

~ alloaationo 

Go ReferllllC'G pazsppb. 2a and 'act (B/C•s) Bare, e.pin, the 11blach bm:B 

ldGila :la adftDC8cl o The seam"i Q' aqulpaent allODld not1 \1han 1111eci •1th tacat•1 J e 

GICl1d.pnent, tbat aaa meat 2o aDCi 2d (11/c• 111), 1D 1!.111' ;ay ..p"8ftllt tM tams1mile eiamp.-

. a. aatennce pa1"&11"&pll :?a &114 2t (11/c•a) aaa pua.graph l2a aboft. • I 

ba ls tb:ls to be aa "1atapta11• or "black bor' '7pe ot equlpaaat' 

e. Rat81'811G9 3b (D/C•s) 'lhere ls tbat •11a'blle alrbome opan.tiaa 

do SoClll"l°t)' should be apreaeed ill taNa ot the "adequate• poli0'3' 

pa~, or at l•at &111adaratandiz11 ahou.14 be NLchad.o 

' 

l4a laald it be adv!aa'bla to t1'1' to standaidi•e 1 the Ol'der ot• p-es911tai;1oD 

t4 the inf'onation lild& in the •""•used 1D pNpirilag th• two ~-e.tta attached 

' 

oa TAB .i and B! Ca acms1411ftt1.on be glftll at. thla time to n"iting·th.e l/c•a 

alt.la •first• thillp f'il-at.t Otwlouq11 1D aa. rJ/C•a we1p.t and a!H U'9 aore 

important tllaD ci~cree ot 88CUl"lV ~ Speed of Opa1'Bt1cm u:d Yim 't?GZ'l!&a CaD 80ll8 

tilxp1"888ion Ot thle ftlatiolf ba 1.Dcl'Dd,Qd :lJ1 tJt.a f.!/c119f I 

6 

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~ 5~4· liilllTAitl Cl!J\RACTERISTI~ FOO tm>m~-=--"'IIGH ECHEL011 CIPHONY SYSTEY 

commtTER ------

Air Foreaa ma a requirement f'or voice sacre01 eq"3,ipment tor 

commnd and conference purposes among high a.nd madiul'I echelonao '!'bis 

equipment \iill be designed to afford secar1 v f'ro11 enem;y a.lial.Jsis to Vq.ice 

·wire and radio communications or claaaifica\1ons including SECRM:' and TOP 

c-SECRETo 

20 OPF.RATI<XiAL CHARACTEll.ISTICS 

This aquipuent shall: 

ao Not adversely' attect the traf'f'ic handling ca.pacity0 operating '-

range, or 1ntelligibilit7 no~ attorded by' &.117 transmission system \71th 

which it is used...-

bQ Be so constru.oted that lmo.:rl.Gdge or the aenera.l crypt0osystems 

and/or possession or the aqu:lpnent ,vUl not ccmpromlee the aecuri t;r ot the 

CO'lll!IUDicationso 

c'" Be so constl'ucted so that the specific key '!1147 be readily 

changeable by the operating :personnelo 

do EClit a clear, strident W&l'!ling to both subscriber .ind attendant 

~hen transeission 

ao Be provided with a uimpla •orgcney dest..""Uction meunao 

r o Operate successi'ull.v ,dth appropriate types or stapa.11rd ... 

11'.ilitary radio sf'ts intended tor voice transmssion and \11th wire telephone 

eq,uipmiJnt !'i.s.vini; e. transrdss1on ba."ld width or at least 3000 01cles per I 

second without r:iod1t1cation or oithero 

SECRET 

/ 

I' 
2~ OP'l•.fiATior:AL CBARACT"!iltll>TICS (Cont•d) 

lo Be operable tro11 a standard telephone hands.t it consistent 

~ 

ho Providl9 ror multiostD.tion net opel"ationo 

io Provide ror r.IUl.U.-subacrlber operation orr one terminalo 

j., De operable fron a 115/2)0 volt. 50/flJ cyclo par1er source and \.. 

be prm.d.llCI with a standahl power plant. co.p&ble ol continuous opera.tiono 

ko Be operable .11th corresponding Arm, GrQ'UDJ !i'orcea equip:aonta 

3o f!IXSIC,Y. CHARAGfiUISTlC§ 

a'll 'i'he converter ahall be 11ght11 sturct:, CCJ111PLct and or the 

slmplest possible design consistent "Sith other reQuiranentsc 

bo The connrter sb ... U be houaed in a submersionoproof ca.rrya 

ingoease or eases which are of a sut9t1c1ently 1"UJaed ant! weatberoproof oQDco 

atruetion to vitb.s'b.nd norm.l tasa~e in +J1e fieldo 

Co l'he converter and power source shall be trdDSporta.ble in 4117 1 

standard carco a.il'crafto 

rlo ,,11 c03p0mnts shall be so constructed as to be cape.bl'! or 

gperation mid stora.2:e under ~11 clbatic conditions to be encountered in 

the t1eld11 

ea The converter shall be separable into CO"'\pOn('nts fMJ.c~ not- to 

euaed a tvro-a&n loodo 

f o It shall bft capabla o:!" beifli.1 installe:l by 't'vo nieno 

' 

g., "lt shall not require close. control or ..\m'J1ent terapm·a.ture by 

Q?:!ra1.ina 1,ersonnolo 

h. It sb&.ll be ca.pabl.e or bein~ :l.nsta.llod and oreratcd in any 

a.'iol ter INita.ble to the iD.o:it.all.ation of comparable conmwd cations equipmento 

2 

SECRET 
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REF -HGJff.5-4• 

4o 'J.'!lAlt•lNG jr~UlftJ;d.F.!l:TS 

The tra1Din3 tor ororating and maintenunce prsonnel ror this 

- eqm.-nt ehall be the mintmmn consistent t1Uh c1tt>er requirPllPD.tsQ 

( 

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' SECRET 
e REF $BllSs4s • 

fULITAlU'. CHAKAC!ER.lSTlCS FCfl AIRBCfiME CIFllOIX S!S'rEL1 

CONVER'l'ER __ ..._.._ 

Air Fore.es has a J'lequirement tor voice secrecy equipment ror uso 

in ~ e~elons pointot0opo1nt, o.1rotoca1r, and air ... t,o..#ound communicaticma I 

provid~ security to include the m1nimum elassification, or C<ld''IDJ::RTlAL 

and which 1s an integr&l. part or a:lrcrart ccmra.nd commanlcations equiprien.ta 

2o OPf.I\A'El<IAL CHARACT£RISTICS I 

This equipment sha.111 

a a Not adversel;J affect tho traffic liandling cripac1 ty, operu ting 

ra~e, or intell1gibU:1t7 normally attorded by J.ny tra.nsr.dssion s:~stem r1ith 

eich it is useda 

\ 

' 110 Be so constructGd that knoulodge o= the senara.l crypto0 system 

and/or possession of the ec;,111pn ... nt will not conpror.iise the &eC'Ql'lty of tl18 

communicat1onsc: 

Ca Be so constructed so that the specific key ':BY be r~adil:r 

ahall€,re&ble by the operi:1t1ng persomolo 

d a Be an intcgr .1.l part of &.:lrcrui't oor'r.16:.M r..t.d:io equipMtmto I 

' I 

Bo Be operable Cro~ a sta.ndard microphoneo 

to Provide f"or mult1osta1iio.'l oporationo 

g" Se opera.bl'! from sts.nda.rd pa•1or available in nilita.I""J aircr11.f'to 

ho Ne>t rettuire oonst.3.nt control of s;,rnchronimtiono:: 

( . 1.. :le operable 'i:itb Air Forces equipment ;;hen held by Ground roreest 

,, j 0 Be usable :'or point ... to.poin1, lo-a echelon voice trufticc 

,. 

SEGRET 
... ' 9: 

2., OPF.RATIONAL CJIARACtERlSTICS {Con.t!!d) • . - la Require thm.t theN shall be no lag betff~n tba time ot 

reception and the t1.11e or tn.nsrdss1ona ' 

mo Be provided with a sir.l.,la emergency dutruct1cm meanaa 

'.)., f_RYSICAL CHAt'lACTpISTICl 

ao The equipaeat ahtlU be capable or beia: installed in arq 

military aircrai'tn 

bq The equ1pmont shall be capable or be1Dg operated and stored 

under all climatic conditicma to be encountered 1n the tieldo 

Jfl 

Ca The weight or CJ"JPtouapbic elel!lflnt should not exceed 15 

4o TRAINPIG RIHUIR?MPTS 

'1'he tN1ning for operating and :aintenance personnel ror this 

equipment shall be the minirmm consistent vrith other re~uiremntsa 

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2 

SECR£r ..