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- , .. ' . . ' ... ..1 .... ,..,._. 

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.No.· 163e . ._ I I 

EO 3.3(h)(2) . 

,. " ' ,.. ~ ... .,\ r,. I 

.~ 

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PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 · .• · 

.... "' I 

_ 'Iype _.....--...-_._._ TKG 5/14' 

J.1. General 

. 

' 

'. 

The telecrypto apparatus has been developed in order t~ 

ensure secrecy in telewriting coJWnunicutions. In such.cases · 

the tele~riters will not be ·connected directly to the lin~ 

but over the telecryptos as per figs. l and 2, 

The secrecy of the messages tran.s~itted over the li:ue- · 

is obtained in such a way that every ~nd each o~ the impalse 

com.bina.tions ;II eu.1 tted rrol'i".t tne telewri ter on depressing keys. 

on its keyboard will be modified in the telecr::rrto, and will 

be trans~itted over the line in this modified (ciphered) ~oT.. 

At the receiving end the ciphered i~pulse combinations will 

be re-transformed through the action of the corresponding 

telecrypto apparatus and received by the telewriter in its . 

original foru., so that both telewrite~s will write tl;Le origil)&l · 

text. 1l·:hen transr:..1 tti11g a itessage the telewri tera are u~ed · 1n . . the normal 11ianner. as if" no additional apraratus were connected .• 

The reading of" the cotc1mun1ca.t-ious on the line by third parties· 

will however not be possible. as the impulse co~bittations 

between both telecrypto apparatus are ciphe~ed. 

B. Telewriting s1stem. ' .. . 

. ' 

.· 

"' I I"._ r _. .. 

"> . 

' . 

'- . 

,. 

The telecrypto is constructed in such a manner tbat it ' . . 

can be used for both 5-pulse and (after reconnectio.n) ·for 'tbe ,../: \ . . 14-pulse system. ./ · · · . '~ I ~ 

l. Telewriting system according to the international $-p~ls~- : 

code. The different signs are composed and :t;ra.il.Smitt°i:td j,y .. · . ' ' 

5-:r;ulse combinations. ·. · ..... I r 

0COP SEGRE) . , · · 

Declassif~ed and approved for release by NSA on 07-14-2014 pursu~nt to E·.o. 1352e ~ ·- ·. ! , 
• Ne. 163e . • REF ID: 

- 2 - 0COP eE:CRE1 

kain operating systema: closed circuit curreut 

Double current 

~udio freyuency telegraphy 

~aximum operating speed: 7 signs per second. 

2. E!K-telewritir..g system (Dr. E.Gretener A.-G.). 

The different signs are com1:osed and tran.sati t ted by 

14-pulse coAibinations. 'l'he respective signs are not ,. printed, as f .i. ~ith the 5-rulse systeit, in one operation, 

but combined trot.a 14 different elementary signs. Each 

ele&ent corresponds to one of the 14 impulses. 

Cperating system , 

Audio frequency telegraphy 

Maximum o~erating speed : 5 signs per second 

~dvantages: ~ much simpler construction and smaller overall 

dimensions aud "1eig.."1.t than tnose of' the 5 pulse system. 

Considerably Sllialler risks fo1· faulty transmission, 

especially for radio co.am.unications. 

C. Operating principles. 

~he telecrypto apparatus produces impulse series of the 

s6J!le character as those of' the ~elewriting apparatus emrloyed, 

i.e. 5-pulse corubinations;when used in conjunction with tele- ,, writers operating on the 1nterna.tioz1a.l systelli and 14-pulse 

con<binations when used with ETK-a.pparatus. ~1.he cr1Tto-im1Julseseries and the impulse combi~ation of the.telewriter ( clear 

text-impulses) will be coubiiled, i.e. converted in the manner 

hereinafter described so that the o1rher-1wpulse series is 

obtained, an.cl this impulse-series is then transmitted. 

At the receiving end these cirhered 1~pulse series are 

again converted with an identical cipher-impulse series and 

the original clear text impulse series will be reconstituted. 

The cryp~o-impulses materialize every time .o. key on the tele-

•riter is depressed by the st~rt impulse of the tele~Titer. 

!OP SECRElJ 

·. 

Mod 1002 ------------------..-----------A---,.--,11-z11r1e11. ____ 111_l_llOO_IU.-4-,-.-1..Ji11 
. • ti! , . ,. ... 

·. 

.. 

"' , • REF ~@WY!il-TM 

-' - I~o. 163e: 

!he com.positien of .the cr71Jto-1mpulse co~binations varies from 

sign to sign Olld the series or these variations is to all 

pra°'ioal purposes limitless. If one f .1. would always strike 

the key •A•, the~ :the c1ph~red impulse com~inntious in the line . ~ou.ld Cha.nae contihUOUSlY· . . Fig~ 3 illustrates as an example the trtUlSltission o~ 

the letter "Y•. according to the 5-pulso code. l - 5 are 

the f'ive elementary impulses.. + iJhen current and - no current. 

Une 1 shows ~he imp11lse combination, produced by the 

.tele¥1ter.. line 2 shows a crypto impalse combination, in 

this example the cO&binAtion for the letter "L0 • In the 

line 3 multipli•d product of lines l ar..d 2 is obtained of the 

ele~e~tar7 impulses. ~he couversiou is done according to the 

tollowi.ng r,tJle of a multiplication 

+ • + .= + + • - = ... 

.. • • = + ._ • + = -

It will be seen as a res:ilt o'f" tbe ciphering 011eratio.n that 

the letter "0" is obtained in this case. If the line 1~, 

tapped with a teletiriter (without telecrypto), there will be 

ob tai1ied- t~ letter "0° instead of "Y" • 

From tbe lines 4 - 6 wi 11 be seen that t.b.e original sign 

combination. as produced by the sellCling telev.riter, uill be 

reconstituted by ~he multiplication of the c1p~ered impulse 

' combination w1th the correspondin_g crypto impulse combination. 

5-pulse system. 

A~ practicall7 all the possible difter~nt impulse 

combinations ill 'this system stand for signs (letters, num~rals, 

punctuation signs), tha ciphered impulse combinations ~111 

give x-eadable sips during tro.».BDlission.. The action of the 

telecrn>to apparatus consists in this case ot the exchange of 

signs : The letter ftY", for inst&.nce, ~s written on the 

telewriter, me.7 be e:ichanged tor aD "0" as s!lown in the 

eD.illrle above. A perso.n.,. who taps the line and has ·no kXlowledge of the crypto :i,ll!pulse series employed, ~111 thus obtain 

letters and nwcer~l~ in an ab~olutely arbitra.ry sequence. 
Mod 1002 • 

- 4 - • 

14-pulse system 

#ith. the 14-pulse system libout 16'000 impulse coo;.bina.tions 

can be obtained; of these only ~~out 50 combinations (=-0.,~) 

give readable signs. By the conversioll of the clear text. 

combinations with those of the orJPtO series,· there_~ill 

generally .be obtained unreado.ble imrulse comb1natio11a in. t.be 

Ciphered impulse series. SO that an wxn may for instance be 

changed into IS etc. A telew~i ter, branohed on to the 

cOil.lmunication channel, and not equipped with a telecrypto 

apparatus, will here write unreadable sips. 

D. The c11lhering kexs 

!he key1Dg ele~ents ot the ciphering key serve ~o obtain 

the varilible crypto-impulse series. As elezeuts for the 

ciphering kess a nwr:~er ot •~eels (f.1. 14) are used. These 

pin wheels carry a number of sli4able or rotatable l'1118~which 

can be displuoed individually, by hand, and can tske two 

dirferent positions. In one of these positions o~· or seve~al _ 

cont~cts will be closed {or opened). and ~ice versa in the · 

other position. Each pin is defined by a number on the 

circumference of the pin wheel {key number). These key 

n.wnbers are also used to de~ine the startina; positions of the 

pin ,;heels. An or-erating mechanism acts on the pin wheels and 

coves them a:f'ter eo.ch tranS!:&itted sign,. in an irregu.la::t ma.rme-r, 

The Movelllent rhythms can be vs.ried a.ud can be changed 

arbitrQrily by hand. 

The pin wheel contacts are oonnected in accordance with 

a special system. ihe connections terminate at a collector, 

which has five sectors tor the ;-pulse syste~ and 14 sectors 

tor the 14-pulse S78tem. The indi"Vidual segments are either 

electrically activated, o~ not, depending on the position of 

the pin whe'e1s, Whan a collector. brush passes all segments. 

a 5-pulse or 14-pulse combination, or the so cal"le4 ornto 

impulse series, is obtained. 

An exceedingly complicated "program•• tor the o~position 

ot the cryJ>to impulse se~ies is obtained on account of the 

0COP SECRE1 
- - - -- -- --- ---- -------------------

lo.16Je. 

system used for the connection of the pin wheel contacts. 

If f .1. the first impulse element gives ncurrent" or not may 

depend on the position of up to 12 pin wheels, :.and their 

position at th~t moment is dependent on the com.bio.ations used 

for the ikovement of the ~i.n wheels up to that .noment .• 

J1dditional keyins eler;..ents are also used, in the torai of 

ciphering { ~.er11tutation ) collectors, of whicb. one is &l\?ays 

supplied. This is adjustable by han4. On special demand 

one or two extra CiIJhering collectors, which obtain the same 

irregqlar kind of movement as the pin wheels, are also SUPI'lied. 

The ciphering collectors are marked on their circumferences 

with numerals in order to define their starting positions. 

There are also supplied special connector plates, ~hich can be 

exchanged in a very simple way • 

• 

The pin wheels and the two ciphering collectors with 

automatic 1t.ovements PS 1 and PS 2 (Fig. 4) are mOtmted on a 

shaft at the front end or the appe.ratuli, while the hand 

operated ciphering collector PS 3 is to be found at the right 

hand side o~ cover of the machine. 

~· Comnos1ng,the ciEherin.g key settin5s. 

We distinguish between interior and exte~ior settings. 

The interior settings are changed ~ore or less frequently, 

depending on the intensity of the crypto service, while the 

exterior settings are composed when starting a conimun:l.cation· 

serios, or ever.tually every time a telegram is sent. 

The TKG 5/14 allows the following key settings : 

a) Interior key settings. 

l. ~he positioning of the pins on the pin wheels, which 

total about 500. 

2. Arbitrary arrangewent of the movement program for the 

14 pin wheels and the two ciphering collectorsw 

; . '!'he choice of dif'ferent connecti'on pll,\tes t~r the· 

ciphering collectors. 

fOP SECRElJ . ' 

A.lllaelll Zlrlab •• lllllQ m. '' w Utt 
'. . .. .,. 

I' 

• No.l63e 

- 6 -

b) Exterior key settings 

1. The stu:rti:og positions of the 14 Jlin wheels at the 

beginning of the communication, ~bout 35 different 

:positions for es.ch J..•in wheel ':l.l"e possible. 

2. "Ihe sturting i.-ositions of the three ciphering 

collectors, each collector 00.11 take 28 different 

positions. 

Both the interior and the exterior keys can be set by 

hand without any tools. 

To set the pin wheel pins, as well as the starting 

positions of the pin wheels, a rlexiglass cover is opened 

with the aid ot the lever "li", when a sufficiently l!!rge 

sector ot each pin wheel ~ill be uncovered. 

. In order to compose the move~ent program for the pin 

wheels and ciphering collectors, the protective cover "A" 

is opened. The changes can be made by varying the position 

ot contact plugs. 

It should be noted that the different key eleLents can 

be adapted within reasonable lim.its to the needs of the 

customers, with regard both to construction and 'rliring 

diagrams. 

The construction of the TKG 5/14 apparutus offers an 

exceptionallThigh degree of safety, when fully equipped. 

I~ tllaJlY cases the e~uip~ent can be simplified; the wishes 

of the customer can be taken into account. 

ihe teleorypto will be built in such a way that the same 

applll'Utus ca~ be used together with tole~riters according to 

the 5-pulse s the 14-pulse system. The change-over from 

one sys~em to the other is done by changing the l>Osition of 

a conneot1tl& plug "U". a.fter rewoTing the cover plate "P" 

~lig. 4). and b1 the exchanging of two gear wheels. \ 

The telecrypto apparat.u~ will be built for 

1, 5-pulse closed circa1~ current · ~ . or 

14~pulse i"l'-'I 1 

. . OCOP JECRE1 

'- -·· \002 L...~-~----=-.:....--~-----=====::...--------------.....1 A • .._.,, ..... .... lOCID DI. IT W 11111 
Mad, 1002 

Wire or radio can be used as communication channels. In case 

ot radio the smaller sensitivity of the 14-pulse systea _ 

against perturbations should be noted. 

r. Electrical dater. 

!he tclecrypto apparatus cun be used ~1th : . l. 110, 125, 145, 220 and 250 volts alternating cu.rrent, 

50 cycles 

i=·ower consumption abt. 100 VA. 

2. 12 volt direct current {Battery) 

Power consumption abt. 70 Watts. 

G. Mechanical construction, dimensions aud weigt.t. 

The telecrnto appar.itus consists, as will be seen on 

Fig. 4, of a :trame of sheet metal trr, which contains the 

electrical elements such as vacuum tubes, transformer, 

resistances, condensers etc. and of an upper part O'f, which 

contains the mechanical elements -: .motor, gears, o1phor1n& 

collectors, Fin wheels etc. The upper part is hinged on the 

base, and by tilting it up, all parts in the interior ot 

the base will be easily accessible. 

A carrying case is provided for the transport~tion ot 

the apparatus. 

the dicensions of the TKO 5/14 will be seen onf Fig. 4. 

They are . 

• 

Width 

410 mm 

Depth 

350 mm 

The weight is about 55 lbs.(25 .kg.) 

!OP 3ECRElJ 

Height 

225 mm 

.t. x-11 Z11111b •• 10llD UL 11 9 .Utt 
•• 

.. 

MO.. 1002. 

Mo.163e • REF~8 

- 8 - • 

H. Qperation. · 

Arter ha.VilJ8 co1mected the telecrypto to the n:aius, 

or to a battel'y, and to the telewriter, service co~munication is first established in clenr text. ~he lamp L1 

indicates that the apparatus is collilected •. The switch S 

is set in the position "clear" wr...1.ch disconnects the 

'ciphe:ril;l.g mech:inism of the telecrypto. In this rosition a 

red lamp L2 w~rns that clear text is being sent. i .. fter 

having sent the routine messages, and after huving made all 

ke7 settings, the switch is ci'...anged over to "Crypto", 

after which the secret communications can ~tart. 

i1hen the tre.nszission conditions are poor, f .1. 

atmospheric disturbances when using radio channels, it may 

happen that the two teleCl"YJ.'to apparatus fall out of step. 

From this moment the ·deciphering at the receiving e11d will 

become taalty, so thn.t the receiving telewriter will not 

write clear text any longer. 

The orcrator at the receiving end ~111 in this case 

strike the special key ot his telewriter, which interrupts 

the trt\D.Slllission. Both operators then put their switches 

S in the "clear• position. In order to avoid the tedium 

of making new settings of the secret keys, a counter "~" 

is i>rovided tor, which automatica.lly counts the number o:f 

operations ot the telecryptos. In order to put the two 

telecryptos into step again, the operator of that station, 

whose telecr:roto got behindhand, has only to press the 

button D a nun..ber of times, until his cailnter shows the 

same number as his correspondents. When this is obtained, 

the switch Sis rut back into position "Crypto~, and the 

transmission of the secret message can be continued. 

!OP 3ECRE1 

.a. ..,._.. •Ill* 11111 m 10llO UL 4T W 1111 
I'-

... - ... 

... FS 

"' TC 

y 

L 

0 

0 

L 

y 

•' 

e 

• Telewriter - 9 - • 

• Telecrypto • 

Line 

~ - - PS TC hiphered impuls; -I 

I1ppulse combinations 

ot clear text 

combinations 

Fig. 1 

• No.16~e 

TC ~I'S I 

Impulse combinations 

of clear tert 

Radio communication 

~-------L,_ I l's ~ TC ~ SB iJc ~=~~:a~:;s SI 

Impulse combinations 

of clea:r: text 

1 2 ' 4 

·--- + - + ... -----

-- --- + 

---· - .. - + 

. ---._ _____ -- - - - + ---·-

~ 

. + - -

- .. - .,,.. -

- '" 

+ ••-I - + -

TC FS 

Impuls& combinations 

ot clear text 

Fig. 2 

5 

+ Impulse combination of the tele- -- writer 

Ciphering combination of the + ----- - transmitting telecrypto aPJ>aratus 

Ciphered pulse combination + ------ (transmitti:QS aide) 

Transmitting Channel 

Ciphered pulse combination 

+ (receiving side) ~-- --

Ciphering combination of the 

+ receiving telecrypto apparatus -----

+ 

Clear pulse combination. on the 

receiving side,. 

Fi&• 3 

.1. ............. llOa ... m,4T WUU 
. .f 

. ~ 

. 

• 

A 

> 

~ . No.16], 

. PSt 

. . 

Klar 

~pto ~ 

I I 4-to I 

i---t------'-""-~-. --··-·------

~! .~i- j 5 .\L1 '~ 

St = H -- FS 1 = PS 2 = PS 3 = s = 

L l = L 2 = z = D = u =i: 

p = 

OT = UT = 

fig. It 

Pin wheels 

Leve-r 

Ciphering collector 

" " auto~atically driven " - " . Ciphering collector 

Switch 

driven by hand 

Red lamp Green lamp Counter 

Button of correction key Connecting p1ug 5-pulse to 14-pulse syste~ 

Cover plate for the elements to change the 

movement program of the pin wheels. 

Upper part Be lov.-er pa.rt . 

!OP 3ECRElJ • 

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