Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed May 2, 2024.

In The

Fourteenth Court of Appeals

NO. 14-22-00281-CR

NO. 14-22-00282-CR

NO. 14-22-00283-CR

CHRISTOPHER DI-MATHEW ARREAGA, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the 182nd District Court

Harris County, Texas

Trial Court Cause Nos. 1762750, 1685507 & 1685508

MEMORANDUM OPINION

A jury found appellant Christopher Di-Matthew Arreaga guilty of two 

counts of aggravated sexual assault of a child (trial-court cause number 

1685507/appellate-court case number 14-22-00282-CR and trial-court cause 

number 1685508/appellate-court case number 14-22-00283-CR) and one count of 

“super” aggravated sexual assault of a child (trial-court cause number 
2

1762750/appellate-court case number 14-22-00281-CR).

1 See Tex. Penal Code 

Ann. § 22.021(a)(1)(A)(iii), (a)(B)(iv), (a)(2)(B), (f)(2). The jury assessed 

punishment at imprisonment for 50 years in trial-court cause number 1762750, 35 

years in trial-court cause number 1685507, and 35 years trial-court cause number

1685508.

In what we construe as four issues, appellant argues that the trial court erred 

by denying his motion for new trial because (1) the State presented false DNA 

evidence; (2) there was prosecutorial misconduct—namely, the State’s failure to 

deliver Brady material and the State’s avoidance of statutory notice requirements; 

and (3) he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Appellant also argues that 

(4) the evidence is legally insufficient to establish that he acted in concert with 

others to plan the sexual assault. We overrule appellant’s issues and affirm the 

trial court’s judgments.

I. BACKGROUND

One night in July 2020, at approximately 1:00 a.m., the two complainants—

sisters A.R. (age 13) and E.R. (age 11)—snuck out of their house and walked to a 

McDonald’s to meet up with a female friend—A.C. (age 12)—and hang out with 

some boys A.C. had met online. The two complainants had never met the boys 

before.

A few minutes later, appellant, his brother Bryan, and his friends Daniel 

Tellez and Jose Majano picked the girls up from the McDonald’s parking lot in a 

black sedan and drove the girls to appellant’s home. The boys separated the two 

sisters, telling E.R. to go into one bedroom and A.R. and A.C. into another; Bryan 

1

“Commission of the offense under subsection (f)(2), which effectively replaces the ‘or’

between subsection (a)(2)(A) and (a)(2)(B) with an ‘and,’ is . . . what the court and parties 

referred to as ‘super’ aggravated sexual assault of a child.” Moreno v. State, 413 S.W.3d 119, 

128 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2013, no pet.).
3

and Majano entered the room with E.R. while appellant went into the room with 

A.R. and A.C. 

Bryan and Majano asked E.R. to enter a closet. Majano removed E.R.’s 

clothes and he and Bryan orally, anally, and vaginally penetrated her with their 

penises. After roughly an hour, appellant entered the closet after Majano left the 

closet. E.R. testified that appellant instructed E.R. to perform oral sex on his 

brother, Bryan, who was still in the closet. E.R. claimed that after appellant and 

Bryan left, Tellez then entered the closet and made E.R. perform oral sex on him. 

Bryan and Jose removed E.R.’s clothes and positioned her on her hands and 

knees. Bryan and Jose then simultaneously put their penises inside E.R.’s mouth, 

vagina, and anus; when she started bleeding, Bryan and Jose put a towel 

underneath her. Appellant then came in and told E.R. to “suck his brother’s dick.” 

Bryan’s penis touched E.R.’s mouth before she was able to move away and say 

“no.” When appellant and Bryan left the room, Daniel entered the closet and 

forced his penis into E.R.’s mouth. E.R. told the forensic nurse who interviewed 

her that the boys were filming her and showing other people the sexual assault via 

FaceTime.

Meanwhile, in the other room, a baby was sleeping on the bed so appellant 

put blankets on the floor and had A.R. lie down next to him. A.R. did not want to 

lie next appellant, but she did not know what to do so she eventually laid down on 

the blanket. Appellant then repeatedly asked A.R. to give him oral sex, and A.R. 

repeatedly refused. Appellant then got on top of A.R., gave her a hickey on her 

neck, took her pants and underwear off and put his penis inside of her vagina and 

anus. A.R. kept telling appellant “no,” but he would not stop. A.R. noticed that 

appellant was recording the assault.

Eventually, the boys had the girls get back in the car. When the car stopped, 
4

the girls exited the vehicle and called the police from the nearest gas station 

because the boys had taken their phones. The police found the girls’ phones in an 

automated Walmart kiosk where they had sold the girls’ phones. Security footage 

verified that all four of the boys walked into the Walmart later in the morning on 

the day of the sexual assaults.

The girls were taken to the hospital to undergo sexual assault examinations; 

the nurse observed a bruise on A.R.’s neck and noted several injuries to E.R.’s 

genitals, which were actively bleeding at the time of the examination. The police 

obtained a search to collect appellant’s DNA, but claimed they could not obtain a 

search warrant for Bryan or his DNA because he was a minor. They compared 

appellant’s DNA to the DNA discovered on the towel that was placed under E.R. 

during the sexual assault. The DNA analysis showed that it was seven times more 

likely that DNA recovered from the towel originated from E.R. and appellant 

rather than E.R. and an unknown individual and three times more likely that the 

DNA recovered from a swab of E.R.’s genitals and underwear originated from 

appellant and an unknown individual rather than two unknown individuals. The 

DNA expert explained that these results only offered limited support for the

proposition that appellant was the contributor to the DNA associated with E.R.; 

the DNA expert also admitted that biological siblings share a higher percentage of 

DNA compared to other individuals. The DNA evidence linking appellant to 

A.R.’s underwear, however, was incredibly strong: it was approximately three 

trillion times more likely that the DNA mixture from the sperm fracture recovered 

from A.R.’s underwear originated from A.R. and appellant rather than from A.R. 

and an unknown individual.

Appellant argued that he did not participate in the sexual assault; instead, his 

DNA simply transferred to both complainants from objects in the house. The jury 
5

implicitly rejected appellant’s theory and found him guilty on all three offenses: 

two offenses of aggravated sexual assault against A.R., and one offense of super 

aggravated sexual assault committed against E.R. by forcing E.R.’s mouth to 

touch Bryan’s penis and by acting in concert with Majano or Tellez, who engaged 

in conduct that would constitute the offense of sexual assault of E.R. during the 

course of the same criminal episode. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.021.

During the punishment phase of trial, the State presented evidence that 

appellant assaulted C.R.—a different twelve-year-old girl—approximately two 

weeks before assaulting A.R. and E.R. C.R. testified that appellant drove her to 

his house and sexually assaulted her; she eventually ran out of the house and 

walked for three hours to the nearest gas station.

Appellant was sentenced to 50 years’ imprisonment on the super aggravated 

sex assault conviction and 35 years’ imprisonment on both of the aggravated 

sexual assaults; the trial court ordered the sentences to run consecutively.

2 See 

Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.021(f)(2).

Appellant filed a motion for new trial and requested a hearing. In support of 

his motion, appellant attached several affidavits, including one from his DNA 

expert claiming that the DNA mixtures recovered from E.R.’s genitals likely 

originated from appellant’s brother Bryan and not from appellant. Appellant also 

complained that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and that the State’s 

actions regarding the DNA evidence constituted prosecutorial misconduct.

2 After reviewing the reporter’s record, we concluded that appellant was not properly 

sentenced. We abated the appeals so that the trial court could pronounce sentence in open court 

in each cause. See Meachum v. State, 273 S.W.3d 803, 805–06 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 

2008, order) (“Following the Court of Criminal Appeals decision in Thompson [108 S.W.3d 287 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2003)], we conclude that we lack jurisdiction over appellant’s appeal based on 

the trial court’s failure to pronounce the sentence in appellant’s presence.”).
6

After holding a hearing on the motion for new trial, the trial court signed an 

order denying appellant’s motion for new trial. Appellant appealed.

3

II. ANALYSIS

A. Legal sufficiency

In what we construe as his fourth issue, which we address first, appellant 

argues that the evidence is legally insufficient to support the jury’s finding that he 

acted “in concert” with co-defendants. Appellant does not challenge the sufficiency 

of the evidence for his two convictions of aggravated sexual assault against A.R., 

nor does he challenge the other elements of his super aggravated sexual assault 

conviction.

1. Standard of review and applicable law

We apply a legal-sufficiency standard of review in determining whether the 

evidence supports each element of a criminal offense that the State is required to 

prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318–19 

(1979); see Temple v. State, 390 S.W.3d 341, 360 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). Under 

this standard, we examine all the evidence adduced at trial in the light most 

favorable to the verdict to determine whether a jury was rationally justified in 

finding guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Temple, 390 S.W.3d at 360. We consider 

all evidence in the record, whether admissible or inadmissible. Winfrey v. State, 

393 S.W.3d 763, 767 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). We also consider both direct and 

circumstantial evidence, as well as any reasonable inferences that may be drawn 

from the evidence. See Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 

3 Appellant filed three separate notices of appeals, one for each conviction. Trial court 

cause number 1762750, appellant’s conviction for super aggravated sexual assault against E.R., 

correlates to appellate case 14-22-00281-CR. Trial court cause numbers 1685507 and 1685508, 

appellant’s convictions for aggravated sexual assault of A.R., correlate to appellate cases 14-22-

00282-CR and 14-22-00283-CR, respectively.
7

2007). We will uphold the jury’s verdict unless a rational fact-finder must have had 

reasonable doubt as to any essential element. Laster v. State, 275 S.W.3d 512, 518 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2009).

We do not, however, re-evaluate the weight and credibility of the evidence 

or substitute our judgment for that of the fact-finder. Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 

742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Because the jury is the sole judge of the 

witness’s credibility and the weight given their testimony, we resolve any 

evidentiary conflicts or inconsistencies in favor of the verdict. See Isassi v. State, 

330 S.W.3d 633, 643 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (“As long as the jury’s finding of a 

culpable intent ‘is supported by a reasonable inference, it is within the province of 

the fact-finder to choose which inference is most reasonable.’”).

Sufficiency is measured by the elements of the offense as defined by a 

hypothetically correct jury charge and as authorized in the indictment. Malik v. 

State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). The hypothetically correct 

jury charge is one that “accurately sets out the law, is authorized by the indictment, 

does not unnecessarily increase the State’s burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict 

the State’s theories of liability, and adequately describes the particular offense for 

which the defendant was tried.” Id.

For the offense of aggravated sexual assault, the hypothetically correct jury 

charge requires the jury to find that appellant intentionally or knowingly caused the 

penetration of the anus of another person, or caused the sexual organ of another

person to contact the sexual organ of appellant, and that the victim is under the age 

of 14. See Tex. Penal Code 22.021(a)(1)(A)(i), (iii), (a)(2)(B). For the offense of 

super aggravated sexual assault, the hypothetically correct jury charge requires the 

jury to find that appellant intentionally or knowingly caused the mouth of a child 

under the age of 14 to contact the sexual organ of another person, and that 
8

appellant acted in concert with another who engaged in conduct that would 

constitute an offense of sexual assault during the course of the same criminal 

episode. See Tex. Penal Code 22.021(a)(1)(A)(ii), (a)(2)(A)(v), (a)(2)(B), (f)(2).

2. Application

Appellant acknowledges that the statute does not define “in concert.” 

Appellant and the State both agree that being “in concert” can be generally defined 

as “an agreement in design or plan” or a “union formed by mutual communication 

of opinion and views.” See Arredondo v. State, 270 S.W.3d 676, 680 (Tex. App.—

Eastland 2008, no pet.) (defining “in concert). Using this definition, appellant 

argues that the record does not support the conclusion that he acted in concert with 

Majano or Tellez because he was not in the closet when they were sexually 

assaulting E.R. and the record does not indicate that he ever verbally encouraged 

the assault or facilitated the assault by restraining E.R.

However, a defendant’s intent can be established by circumstantial evidence. 

See Patrick v. State, 906 S.W.2d 481, 487 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). The present 

case contained sufficient circumstantial evidence to support the jury’s finding that 

appellant acted in concert with Majano or Tellez, including but not limited to the 

following evidence:

• all four co-defendants arrived together in the same car to pick 

up the complainants; 

• appellant and his co-defendants separated A.R. and E.R. prior 

to sexually assaulting them; 

• appellant placed his penis inside A.R.’s vagina and anus in his 

room while Bryan and Jose simultaneously placed their penises 

inside E.R.’s mouth, vagina, and anus; 

• appellant was aware that E.R. was in Bryan’s room during the 

assault and could hear her being assaulted; 
9

• appellant entered Bryan’s room after hearing a knock on his 

door and then instructed E.R. to put Bryan’s penis in her mouth;

• appellant kicked E.R. in the head when she pulled her head 

away from Bryan’s penis; 

• Daniel was in the room when appellant instructed E.R. to put 

Bryan’s penis in her mouth; 

• Daniel entered the closet after appellant ordered E.R. to put her 

mouth on Bryan’s penis and made E.R. put her mouth on his 

penis; 

• Jose and Bryan entered A.R.’s room together with their penises 

exposed and attempted to make her put their penises in her 

mouth; 

• Bryan took the complainants’ phones after the sexual assault 

and refused to return them; 

• all four co-defendants drove the complainants away from the 

scene of the offense; 

• the co-defendants made fun of the complainants after sexually 

assaulting them; 

• all four co-defendants traveled to Walmart together to sell the 

complainants’ phones.

In sum, the testimony established that all four co-defendants were working 

together to plan and execute the sexual assaults. They took turns with each 

complainant and often there were multiple co-defendants in the room together 

during the various assaults. Considering the evidence in the light most favorable to 

the verdict, we conclude that the evidence was legally sufficient to support the 

jury’s finding that appellant acted in concert with the co-defendants by planning 

the sexual assault in advance and working together with the co-defendants to 

achieve their common goal. We overrule appellant’s fourth issue.

B. False DNA evidence and prosecutorial misconduct

In his first and second issues, appellant argues that the trial court erred by 
10

failing to grant his motion for new trial because: (1) the State presented false DNA 

evidence at trial; and (2) the state committed prosecutorial misconduct by (a) not 

disclosing the underlying DNA testing records, and thus violating its Brady 

obligations; and by (b) failing to provide actual notice of its intent to introduce 

evidence of extraneous offenses. We will address these claims separately. These 

arguments pertain to all three of the underlying convictions.

1. False DNA evidence claim

a. Standard of review and applicable law

An appellate court reviews a trial court’s ruling on a motion for new trial for 

an abuse of discretion. Webb v. State, 232 S.W.3d 109, 112 (Tex. Crim. App. 

2007). Under this standard, the reviewing court must view the evidence in the light 

most favorable to the trial court’s ruling, and only reverse if no reasonable view of 

the record could support the court’s ruling. Id.

Generally, to preserve error for appellate review, the record must show that a 

complaint was made known to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or 

motion with sufficient specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint. 

See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1). The defendant must also show that the trial court 

ruled on the objection or that the defendant objected to the trial court’s refusal to 

rule on the objection. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(2).

b. Application

Appellant’s motion for new trial did not allege that the State presented false 

DNA evidence at trial. Instead, appellant asserts that the issue was preserved for 

appellate review because it was discussed during the hearing on the motion for new 

trial. However, although the issue was discussed, appellant never clearly raised this 

objection to the trial court for a ruling nor did the trial court rule on the issue. See 
11

Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(2); Lankston v. State, 827 S.W.2d 907, 909 (Tex. Crim. 

App. 1992) (“As regards specificity, all a party has to do to avoid the forfeiture of 

a complaint on appeal is to let the trial judge know what he wants, why he thinks 

himself entitled to it, and to do so clearly enough for the judge to understand him at 

a time when the trial court is in a proper position to do something about it.”).

Because appellant’s trial objections do not comport with the issue he raises on 

appeal, we conclude that appellant has failed to preserve this issue for appellate 

review. See Tex. R. App. 33.1. We overrule appellant’s first issue.

2. Prosecutorial misconduct

In his second issue, appellant complains of prosecutorial misconduct, 

alleging the State violated its Brady violations by not giving him the underlying 

DNA data and by not giving him actual notice of the extraneous offenses it 

intended to introduce at trial.

a. Applicable law

“Under Brady, nondisclosure of favorable evidence violates due process 

only if it is ‘material’ to guilt or punishment.” Pena v. State, 353 S.W.3d 797, 812 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (citing Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87 (1963)). 

“Evidence is material to guilt or punishment ‘only if there is a reasonable 

probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the 

proceeding would have been different.’” Ex parte Reed, 271 S.W.3d 698, 727 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2008) (quoting United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682

(1985)). “A ‘reasonable probability’ of a different result is accordingly shown 

when the government’s evidentiary suppression ‘undermines confidence in the 

outcome of the trial.’” Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 434 (1995).

“Brady and its progeny do not require prosecuting authorities to disclose 
12

exculpatory information to defendants that the State does not have in its possession 

and that is not known to exist.” Pena, 353 S.W.3d at 810. Similarly, the State does 

not have such a duty if the defendant was actually aware of the exculpatory 

evidence or could have accessed it from other sources. Id.

b. False DNA evidence

We first note that contrary to appellant’s assertion, appellant’s expert did not 

identify any actual errors in the original analysis of the DNA in appellant’s case or 

reveal any benefit that would have accrued to appellant if the data generated from 

the DNA analysis had been turned over to him. Instead, appellant’s expert testified 

that based on a new DNA analysis using Bryan’s recently-acquired DNA sample, 

the testing shows that it was more likely that the DNA evidence recovered from 

E.R.’s genitals was deposited by Bryan and equally likely that the DNA evidence 

recovered from E.R.’s underwear was left by either Bryan or appellant. Because 

the State was not in possession of Bryan’s DNA sample, the conclusions of 

appellant’s DNA expert were largely based on data that was not available to the 

State at the time of trial. The new analysis performed by appellants’ DNA expert 

also supports the State’s theory that appellant caused E.R. to have sexual contact 

with Bryan. Thus, there was no Brady violation relating to the analysis of Bryan’s 

DNA. See id.

Appellant also complains that the State did not give him the entire 850 pages 

of DNA testing records regarding his results; he claims that having such data 

would have allowed him to better rebut the State’s theory of the case. However, 

before trial, appellant was given the lab reports that summarized all the data, and 

he was given the technician’s conclusions that appellant could be excluded from 

the majority of the DNA comparisons with E.R. In the two instances that appellant 

could not be excluded as a possible donor—the sample from the towel and from 
13

E.R.’s genitals—the data appellant was given only offered limited support for the

proposition that appellant was the contributor of the DNA associated with E.R.

Appellant was already aware of that information and made that argument at trial. 

Therefore, we cannot conclude that had the 850 pages of the underlying DNA data 

been given to appellant, the result of the proceeding would have been different. See 

Ex parte Reed, 271 S.W.3d at 727. Accordingly, the evidence was not material, 

and there was no Brady violation regarding the underlying DNA data.

c. Lack of notice of extraneous offenses

On appeal, appellant argues that the trial court erred by failing to grant his 

motion for new trial because he never received actual notice of which extraneous 

offenses the State intended to introduce at trial. However, appellant’s motion for 

new trial makes no mention of the State’s alleged evasion of notice requirements. 

During his closing argument at the hearing, appellant claimed that the State gave 

insufficient notice of its allegations against him, but he never explained why this 

purported notice violation entitled him to a new trial. Keeter, 175 S.W.3d at 760. 

And the trial court never ruled on this objection. Therefore, we conclude that 

appellant has failed to preserve this issue for appellate review. See Tex. R. App. 

33.1.

In summary, we conclude that appellant did not preserve his claim of lack of 

actual notice for appellant review. Additionally, we conclude that there were no 

Brady violations concerning the DNA evidence. Accordingly, we overrule 

appellant’s second issue.

C. Ineffective assistance of counsel

1. Applicable law

Both the federal and state constitutions guarantee an accused the right to 
14

assistance of counsel. U.S. Const. amend. VI; Tex. Const. art. 1, § 10 (Tex. 

Official). This right necessarily includes the right to reasonably effective assistance 

of counsel. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686 (1984); Hernandez v. 

State, 726 S.W.2d 53, 55 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) (applying Strickland standard to 

ineffective-assistance claims under Texas Constitution). To prevail on his claims of 

ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must prove (1) counsel’s representation 

fell below the objective standard of reasonableness and (2) there was a reasonable 

probability that, but for counsel’s deficiency, the result of the proceeding would 

have been different. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687–88; Hernandez, 726 S.W.2d at 

55. In considering an ineffective-assistance claim, we indulge a strong presumption 

that counsel’s actions fell within the wide range of reasonable professional 

behavior and were motivated by sound trial strategy. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689; 

Duncan v. State, 717 S.W.2d 345, 347–48 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986).

To evaluate the effectiveness of counsel’s performance, we look at the 

totality of the representation. See Robertson v. State, 187 S.W.3d 475, 483 (Tex. 

Crim. App. 2006); Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).

Any claim for ineffectiveness of counsel must be firmly founded in the record, and 

the record must affirmatively demonstrate the alleged ineffectiveness. See 

Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814. Because “the record is generally underdeveloped,” 

direct appeal is usually an inadequate vehicle for claims of ineffective assistance of 

counsel. Menefield v. State, 363 S.W.3d 591, 593 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). For that 

reason, “we commonly assume a strategic motive if any can be imagined and find 

counsel’s performance deficient only if the conduct was so outrageous that no 

competent attorney would have engaged in it.” Andrews v. State, 159 S.W.3d 98, 

101 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
15

2. Application

In his third appellate issue, appellant argues that he received ineffective 

assistance of counsel because his counsel failed to: (1) retain a DNA expert and 

failed to gather and review the lab files; (2) object to the State’s untimely motion to 

consolidate the three cases tried; (3) object to the State’s allegedly improper notice 

of extraneous offenses; and (4) thoroughly investigate and prepare mitigation 

evidence. This argument relates to all 3 of his underlying convictions.

We note that in his motion for new trial, appellant did not raise the second 

and third rationales mentioned above; he only specifically raised the first and 

fourth rationales—failing to retain a DNA expert and failing to thoroughly prepare 

mitigation evidence. At the hearing on his motion for new trial, the second and 

third rationales were hardly discussed; accordingly, the record is generally 

underdeveloped regarding his trial counsel’s strategic motives for not objecting to 

the State’s motion to consolidate and not objecting to the State’s notice of the 

extraneous offenses.

a. Failure to retain a DNA expert

Appellant’s first claim of ineffective assistance of counsel asserts that his 

trial counsel was deficient by failing to retain a DNA expert. At the hearing, 

appellant’s trial counsel testified that based on his experience of trying cases with 

DNA evidence, he felt sufficiently well-versed in DNA evidence to interpret the 

DNA results and explain them to the jury. He further explained that he was 

concerned that if he hired a DNA expert, it could open the door for the State to 

admit evidence showing that appellant assaulted a third juvenile just two weeks 

before the assault of A.R. and E.R. While that extraneous evidence was introduced 

eventually in the punishment phase, the State was prevented from introducing that 

evidence during the guilt/innocence stage of trial.
16

Appellant claims that a DNA expert could have been able to analyze the data 

and present evidence that Bryan was the source of the DNA associated with E.R., 

not appellant. However, the record does not reflect that Bryan’s DNA profile was 

available before trial; in fact, the record gives no indication of when Bryan’s DNA 

profile became accessible. Additionally, evidence that Bryan was the source of the 

DNA found on E.R.’s underwear and genitals still supports the State’s theory 

because appellant was charged with causing E.R. to have sexual contact with 

Bryan. We cannot conclude that appellant’s trial counsel was deficient for failing 

to retain a DNA expert in this case.

b. Failure to object

We have previously concluded that there are legitimate reasons for not 

wanting to sever criminal cases. See Adekeye v. State, 437 S.W.3d 62, 72 (Tex. 

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. ref’d) (concluding trial counsel was not 

ineffective for failing to sever cases because trying the cases separately would give 

the State “two shots of getting a guilty verdict”). Because we can assume a 

strategic motive, we cannot conclude that appellant’s counsel was ineffective for 

failing to object to the State’s motion to consolidate.

Regarding appellant’s complaint that his trial counsel failed to object to the 

State’s allegedly improper notice of extraneous offenses, appellant has not 

demonstrated a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s alleged deficiency, 

the result of the proceeding would have been different. The extraneous offenses of 

which appellant complains are merely the acts the State alleged appellant 

committed during the underlying offense. Appellant received notice of the alleged 

facts through the indictments. There is no evidence suggesting that appellant was 

surprised by the evidence at trial or generally unaware of the offenses alleged 

against him. We cannot conclude that appellant’s trial counsel was ineffective for 
17

failing to object to the State’s notice of extraneous offenses.

c. Failure to prepare mitigation evidence

Appellant lastly argues that his trial counsel was deficient for failing to 

adequately prepare mitigation evidence; specifically, appellant asserts that his 

counsel waited too long to hire a mitigation expert, which led to the expert not 

having sufficient time to find relevant mitigation evidence. The mitigation expert 

testified that although she typically prefers to begin mitigation work on a case one 

year before trial begins, she was hired to work on appellant’s case three days 

before trial. Thus, appellant claims she was unable to conduct an adequate risk 

assessment, discover evidence of appellant having a potential learning disability, or 

find out why appellant had dropped out of school.

However, regardless of how late the mitigation expert was hired, mitigation

evidence was still presented at trial through appellant’s mother, girlfriend, aunt, 

and stepfather. They collectively testified that appellant was negatively affected by 

his parents’ divorce, that appellant moved a lot as a child and was often bullied, 

appellant’s school requested that he be tested for a learning disability while he was 

in the sixth grade but his mother refused and so he was never tested, appellant is 

currently the caring father of a five-month-old baby, and that he is a hard worker. 

Nothing in the record suggests that the result of the proceeding would have been 

different had the mitigation expert been hired earlier in the case; therefore, we 

cannot conclude that appellant’s conduct was deficient concerning the mitigation 

expert. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687–88.

In summary, appellant has not demonstrated that his counsel’s representation 

fell below the objective standard of reasonableness and that but for counsel’s 

alleged deficiencies, the result of the proceeding would have been different. See

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687–88. We overrule appellant’s third issue.
18

III. CONCLUSION

We affirm the judgment of the trial court as challenged on appeal.

/s/ Charles A. Spain

Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jewell, Spain, and Wilson.

Do Not Publish — Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).