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• 

RATIOUL smua.rrr .AGBllCY 

Wuh!llPon 25. D. C. 

:.a.SLJR:'i!""! IUPOU::A'i'iUI: 

Serial• oooa 

Jllll>lWmUK 102 THB armnur, JOm CHIWS OP STAn 

SUBJ.IC'1'1 llep1acaMnt ot the Camldmd Cipher MacMm 

l2 Janua.17 1953 

!he Jotm Chief• ot Statt ~rzrecl aoU.cm on J.c.s. 'Sl4/22. 

at. their _.t.tng on s Jaziaal7 1953 mt;ll the Ol.Jreotor, Ratilmal 

Secur1"7 A&fll!Jll7. aaald. pzrepan oel'ta1n arend-n. 0 Aocsarcll.nsll'. 

it 1• req..necl that. J .c.s. a:Y'/4/22 be withdrawn and 1n l.1811 

tile~ 'UJe lnc1.oatan 1• tOl'WaMed t. ocmatderatian b.r the 

Jo1Dt Cid.et• ot statt. 

Incl: 

lllm Ir DDNSA tor the 

JCS, llUb.1. u abON 

001 V/UlB. 

DDS 

' 

:3211,...--~--~ 

P/P (2) 

UlG (1~ 

.AO ~- ~~s 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 01-27-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 

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• • 

J.IEliiDRANDUll BY THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

tor the 

JOil'll' CHIEFS OF Sf AFF 

on 

REPLACEMENT or THE COMBINED CIPHER llACHDJE 

References: &o J.CoS• 2f/14/7 ~. J.c.s. 2(1'/4/_ll 

c. J.c.s. 2074/14 :i· J .c.s. 2074/ZJ. 

l. The U.K. Chiefs ot St.att have replied (.&ic.1oall1'8 nAn to J.c.s. 

2C/14/2l) to proposals made b,y the U .s. Joint Chiefs ot statt (Enclosure "A" to J.c.s. 2074/14) pe~ to zeplacement ot the existing 

Comb1ned Cipher llachine (CCII). The propoaale 1>1' the U.S. Joint. 

Chiefs ot Stati' were made 1n light ot a zeque.t b;y the U.K. Cbieta 

ot Statt, dated 4 Januar.r 1952 (Fhcl.oaure to J.c.s. 2/J74/ll), tor 

the U.S. to provide equipnenta (either AFSAM 7 or AFSAM 47) an a 

free loan baais tor Commomre~th and NATO use, regardless ot whether 

the C17Ptopr1nciple was ADONIS or BR11l'US. The U.K. Chieta of Staff 

now urge selection ot the BR\1l'US aystem to replace the CQ4 in accordance with a UK/US agre•ent, made in September 1950 and apprond bJ' 

the U.S. Joint Chie£s ot Statt 1n Januar.r 1951, to use this cryptoprinciple (Imcloaure "B" to J.c.s. 'J!J74/7). 

2o The reply to the U.K. Chief• ot Statt ~ained in the &lclosure atatea that although the problem is urgent, this urgenq ha• 

been leaeened 'b7 the U.S. action in rel.easing the ~ to the U.K. 

and 1a not. now autticient to warrant imnedia\e adopt.ion ot BRUTUS. 

The repl¥ states that the U.S. now f'avore the AOONIS cryptoprincipleo 

It recamnenda that the decision an the cryptoprinciple to be used ~ 

the new Cod>ined Cipher Machine be deterred f'or at least 120 dqa 

pending the outcome ot service teats ot the AFSAM 7. .&nphuia is 

placed in the replJr on the tact that ADONIS otters considerable. 

advances in c17pto-techn1quea, .ae.x1bilit7 of' usage, li:Dd. conaiatencr 

with u.s. Joint planning. 

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. ,, 

3. Separate ac\ion will be taken through appropriate channels with 

reapect to the release to the Union ot South Atrica ot the cryptoprin-

' .ciple selected. Thia quest.ion was raised by the U.K. Chieta ot statt 

in their memorandum, Ac:r 97. 

4. It ia recammended that the draft. .memorandum in the &lcloaure be 

forwarded to the Repreaentativea ot the U.K. Chiefs ot Statf'. 

'JQP HGBIS'l 60!&0h RIB&ll 53 ¥!" 

Cow 2 of 't6 copies 

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ENCLOSURE 

DRAFT 

UWRMIDm.t 10R '!HE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED KINGDOll CHIP.I'S OP STAFF 

Subject: Replacallll!lnt ot the Combined Cipher llachine 

lo The u.s. .Joint Chieta ot statt have studied the mmorandum traa 

the u.K. Cbiata ot Statt,, Ar:t 96,, dated S December 1952, and regn\ \hat. 

thq cannot agree to the J>l"Oposala 1n paragraph 6 thereo:t. 

2. The U.S. Joint Chiefs ot Statt agree aa to the urge11C7 ot reach1ng 

a practicable aid acceptable solution t.o the problem b11t do not believe 

that the urgency is such aa to oompel immediate adoption ot :emrros, which 

embodiee a c17Ptopr1nciple th&J' no longer tavor. 

3., The u.s. Joint Chieta ot statt are now inclined moat tavorab]1' 

toward the adoption ot the ADO?lIS cryptopr.lnciple, which represents 

import.ant advance• in CJ7pto-techniquea. Th97 cana1der that the 36--point 

wired rot.ors used in ADONIS otter greater tl.exibillty and opport.un1t7 tor 

the uae ot secure CZ7J>\opr1nciplea than do 26-point rot.ors. The United 

Stat.ea has atandardized on a tamiq ot developante, including teletype, 

utilising l6-po1nt rotors. The u.s. Joint Chiefs ot statt desire. there- . t'ore, not to project into th• tuture a c17Pt.oprinc1pl• tor Combined and 

NATO use which would be incompatible with other United St.ates cryptodenlopnenta. In view ot the taat that the United Kingdom ia campeUed 

to use a single machine to meet U.K., Colllnonwalth,, Combined, and NATO 

requirement•• it see1na that it would be to the advantage ot the U.K. also 

to etandardize on a machine capable ot using ,36-polnt rot.ors. 

4. Although the u.s. haa experienced del.qa in the product.ion ot 1ta 

embodiments of the A.OONIS cryptopr1nc1ple, one ot these 8Dbodimmta, 

the AFSAJJt..7, is now well in production and service tests b.T U.S. Sel"Yices 

ot final production models will be completed within the next 120 dqa. 

Fncloaure 

Ta- :m:ar C61ffftet lfJMBi!R »:W 

Caw 7 ot /6 copiea 

Page 1 ot J pages 

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. . .; 

The U.So haa alrea<V aupplled the U.K. with one of the recen~ dellyered 

pre-production models ot the equipment., t« study and tamillarization, and 

plans to tumish 10 to 15 tinal production model• (previously scheduled 

tor deliver,y b7 1 Janual"J" 1953) by 1 March 1953, tor U.K. tield trial•. 

S. The U.S. Services have al.reacV agreed that the ADONIS cryptopr1nciple will be adopted at an earl.1' date as a basic syat• tor u.s. Joint 

communications, it service teats (field trial.a) prove the AFSNJ.-7 aatia~ 

tactor,y. Further, it upon completion ot the UoS• service tests ot ~ 

AFSAJl=-7, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of stat! determine that the equipnent has 

proved to be accept.able, their present intention is to propose to the 

U.K.· Chief's ot Staff the adoption or the ADONIS crnrt-oprinciple aa embod.;,. 

ied 1n the AFS/JJ.1-7, as a substitute tor BRU'l'US, tor Combined and NATO use. 

6. The u.s. Joint Chieta ot Statt appreciate the apprehensions ot the 

British Chiets ot statt that outbreak ot hostilities might tind. the 

British Services inadequawly equipped tor secure National, Combined, or 

NATO comunications. They have therefore explored the poaa1bilit7 ot 

allqing theae apprehensions • 

.!• In JanuaJ71 19SO, the u.s. Joint Chiefs ot St.alt assured the 

British Chieta ot statt that the7 would endeawr, in the event ot an 

emergency occurring before the new CCM became available, to provide 

the UoK. with a Umited number ot Cipher machines ot adequate aecur.l.t1 

to meet immediate urgent. neede or highest. camnand Combined cannumS cations. Rather than wait tor an emergency the U.S. Chie.f'e ot staf't 

have authorized the Director of the National Secar.Lt7 Agenq to 

disclose the &:U: principles to appropr.l.ate U .K. authorities and with 

them to plan tor the introduction ot available quantities ot.~ll'• 

tor Combined communications. It is understood that as a result ot 

recent planning by the U .K. and the U .s., involving Conilined use 

ot the ECl4 and redistribution ot the CCU, a ai.gni.ticant additional 

quant1y ot CCM1 s is now available. This action, together with a 

Enclosure 

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" f. • • 

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recmt ~aion downward ot NATO requirements tor the Ca&, indicates 

that the latter can now be substantiall.7 mat. 

l!• In order to enable the UoK• to meet t.he l January 195S date 

tor the initiation ot the program tor the replacemsit ot the Combined 

Cipher JJa.chine, the u.s. would be prepared to ma.ke available to the 

UoK., under arrangement• to be determined later, U.S. AOONIS equipments, at least until the U.K. could provide tor its awn version of 

ADONIS. 

8. The u.s. Joint Chieta ot statt, therefore, propose that the decision 

as to which cr;rptopr.Lnciple be adapted in a machine to replace the Combined CipheZ" Machine be deterred tor 120 dqa, until the results ot the 

service teats ot the AFSAM-7 have became kn.own. 

Enclosure 

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Copy 1 or £ 6 copies 

Page 3 ot l pages 

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