\ 

• .. 'fll 

l50 3.3(h (2) 

PL<86-36/50 USC 3605 

~WY Cl! l1IIERE MECHAlJIZED OP.ERATI~3 \CAI!DEIJEFIT 

THE 001-~ EFFORT Ol~ Ll'JERAL '!BITS 

I ca.mrz OOLLEC'lictJ ACTIV'I'l'IES 

Ao Funct.icmal. oa'lieg~.es o£ lht&rcept Probl.ems 

lo 

il;J on h:lgh potJ&r• high frequency L-rad-......-• ........--=H=igb-=--,,pee-d-=--m-orse--an----=-d-rad-7.cliopr.lnter (both single cbamlel 

and :nml\iplex) a.re ued en the main .links although there 1s st.i.ll 

sma mnual mo:rse. In gena&l.• g~igna1.s &N-\.ava..Ueble 

at presen-t 11$ercept sites., !he pl"OBl:iiilis laJ'ga~ one ot 

ettic.ient opea.tion. and handling ot. the ext~ l#ge qμanti.ties 

ot t.rattlc Ti11oh mu.st be ecreened tor desi?e4 Dl&S&ages. 

2o BIYT'l Qca!.!l'SJl3 Rfcti.o..(IQB}. 

lfaticmal Oaramei'01al Radio is the name chosen,, \tor the pu:l°'"'> 

pose ot this papeJ:t, tor mt.em.al nm«>ra, such• the BJi.Uian 

and Rueaiau CiY.!J.., These nets car17 intei'nal. o.Ol21lt.tlreia1 traffic 1 

ot the t;ne gen•~ oarl'Se4 in tJte U o So 'b7 l'lest.Emi T.Jn:lono 

eclassified and a roved for release b NSA on 06-09-2014 ursuantto E.O. 1352 

T0P SECRE'f FR()'fll 
I 

Radiotol.epho.n.e 

;. 1.111 ':tm st.rate@ 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL86-36/50 USC 3605 

M1litU"T SVategic refers to high l9'9l mUitary ~1c~t1ons .. 

including those 001mecting Corps and A:trq Head.quarters 'tf,lth t·lar 

l..r1nistr:r (and. tor m:nespond2ng ml echelons ()t the pa.rall.~l service 

branehes). m~., ll1gb tratfils d.ensS:liies 8Dr1. ver3 seo'Ul'"e 

craptographic systems are used. at this level. In the Uo S.,. \Armed 

Forces heav.r use is made ot radio inolurlo 

the radiopr.lnte:r •lti exes. ID 

6. support Cpgm:lcatione, 

Sl1pport Oonmnnicat1ons :is the neme choeen1 Zor tlle purposes 

of 'Ulis paper, tor those conmnmications required,. either on a 

bru.dcast Gl" a point;-•to-po:ln~ basis to supp~ various tnea of 

operations. Weather nets and b:roadoasta, na.v:tgaticaa.1 s:mtmns 

and. semces are exBllLPles ot support. CC111DUD1cat.1ons. I 

mpport; ccmmmrdcations (literal) 1nclude hand speed l·i. .... or_s_e_ana------1 

sing].a channel radioprint;er. 

2 

T0P SE€RET FROTII 
. 'f{W ~~~lepl FIW'fll 1..:J D \...A .I. '-.D .I. 

EI SE9RB! m<>'J!ll EO 3.3(h)(2) 

- --- PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

lo 

pl.ex en thl'ee or touro All three of these have posed serious 

intercept probl.ems wh:loh have required research and developmni;o 

were lJa: e or :rec cr.vp 

r&cli.opr!nter, and because technical consideraticn such as 

a:tremel.1" w:l.4e am :lnconsisten\ frequano7 lmy.lng shitts a::ose. 

Mqnetic t~3e recordirJ,g of the demodulated sigml w.lth later 

central processing to hazd (page) oaw in NSA presened 'Vital. 

signal intOJ."JDation, and made it possible to carry out. the 

critical processes ot printing, 11Dder eontrollad. la.borator.r 

conditions and preYented the irretrievable loss f4 inf."ormation 

in the fiel.cl,. A t.vning aid was deri.ae4, and this has enabled operaf~rs to make substantial17 better record.iDgs than 

was previously possible. Central. Processing, in the Special 

Intercept 'l4•ohn1ques Division• Of'tice ot Collection, PROD9 

using synchronized tree-running teleprinters provides page 

copies ~or the c~m:ua:q&ts, show.l.ng the time rela.t.icmehip 

of characters sent by each operator by the · · ~. - the page COJ)ieSo The c ..... ~ . hie dcnice r 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

' 

TOP SE€RE'F FRO'FII 

( 
TQr~tnt~;~fTII --'L,.""O•P~BE~tJBAR-ft!t:f31P-f 4ilpn~t(3~ttY...i PL 86-36750USC 3605 

Denands for improvement flt interc•pt ot this signal. have 

led to considerable ettorts •on the part of PRODJ tho signal 

is now · ~and e~ processed sim:ila'l"l.7 

to the described abaV'e. Circuit diB=a 

....mLDllmDiiil:Jiiiiiil_."isiUiii!illnrds are «ircell.ent, and relat.i~ 

bel.i.eved to be us~ The sialal is 

,.ui!ii:II.V'"ilr:iianiiiiiii!E&.d on one side ot a Double Frequency Shitt 

tnnsm1ss1ono keying rates and standai'disatian of shitts are 

such tha'b intel'Caption and demDdula.tion JD8l" e.tf'icientl.y be 

accomplished w:l.th atamard equipnant; 1 includiug the AFSKi/ D35 

Double Frequeno,' Sh1tt Demodulataro 

OGl'.P 

sequentl.1', severe s ~ ara placed 

on intercept eq.d.~. To date, these spec:l.al needs have 

been met 'b1· an inter.Sa high preciaion intercept syut• still 

undel'gOing development.. am imp:roveaenb# :lncol'pOl'ating .hi@ll.l' 

tuning 

stable nee1Ting 

indicator. 

ml 

The 

recording 

Flexible 

equipai'hs 

Multiplex 

and 

alwap 

a ~ 

appears in 

a circuit# 1.e ... with two 1487 transdssian am rec~ 

between tm pe>in.ts, and both links &1.'e s.imul.taneouaq ~ 

ccmled on the S8Dl9 magnetic tape. The :recordings a.Te thvn 

processed in NSA under oonditicms designed to give both th.a 

bast possible transcription and an evaluation of the probable 

degree ot garb1eo Research and Devel.opunt. on this probl•, 

1nclud:lng the Central ProCE>ssi:ng Aspects, are continubg., 

\\\ 

4 

T()P SECRET FR0TII 
T(i'~Im8111 .FRil'FII 

E03.3(h)(2) 

.!.'?? 889Ri1! Pft011t PL 86.,,36/50 USC 3605 

3o Noise Oommm1caticJDs 

A cammm1•::at1on. technique, attracti -ve to commm1ca.tors 

both beca'llSe ot ce.l!'IW.n eonceaJment; and anti-janming teatures8 

is known as 1'noise communica.tionsn and. 1s cVNid;l;y vndergoin,g 

exbens!Ye aq>er:J.mentation by u. s. gzoups. (Moise collllllm:S~ 

cations,, generaJ.4r using some form of white, or appuentl.7 

1ilhite1 noise as the carrier to be modulAted by tba int•ll:lgence), 

follow clirect.:cy- flom. modern intOl'JJBtion tbeo17 studias am 

the va:ri.ous correlation time dorm.in f1l ues\tfi1ich 

al'8 now ad.YallC 

4. Cmtographict,_RacH.at:\99. 

E03,3(h)(2) Various elsct.rieal. an4 electromechanical device~~ such as 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 teletype machines mq ncliate signals which can be nad an 

power lines and through the ai'r>• as well as on the sigml. line 

itselto \ 

s 

T0P SE€RET FR0TII 
TOD ~~111 FRjlTll T ~ •.J .L:J '-""" _._ ._ .L:J _._ 

EQ 3.3(h)(2) 

mt SJi!f»:ii m@Il PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

bas been developed. in studies designed to maintain the 

security ot our own oryptogr&:tilic devices. These techniques 

are, hanwr1 available for offensive use. Although most 

o tions of this o would. be coven the ssib exists 

II TRAFFJn OPERATIONS llJD&7.&IJDEIIT <R SlS1lEU 

Ao Prel1m:lnar.v' Procaes:U>g 

lo Lo.filing and E~t_B 

After tn:f'fic has been microfilmed am time-stamped :1.1; is 

brougtt. into tbe anal;yt1c sectians wbere it is sepam.t;ed into 

identifiable 81'stem8• A record ot all traffic t~ which a 

seciticn 1s respons:U>1e is maintained in the form. or a 1og. 

Messages a1"8 band sorted 1n an order dete:rminsd by the format 

of the log and then recorded in the log by bando Duplicate 

messages an noted. at this point and messages are given 

worksheet numbers. orig1nals and duplicates are tiled together. It' textual material is to be keypunched into cal'ds or 

ta.pa the tzattic is edited by tlD logger. This eclitbag includes deletion ot uniDtOl'JlBtive mater1al.1 reol'd.ering ot 

.1ntormat1on, discrimimtion between textual and. n~text.ual 

groups, correct.ion ot group 1.mgth and run-together 8l'OUPS1 

etc. often the same messages are logged in tl«> or more 

d:lttennt wqs by t.he same •r ditterent. sections. Properl;f 

speaking, legging and editing are not readJ.q separable. 

One sat al logging information eoul.d be enough tar logs tor 

all needs it a means tor ~ resorting were aT&il ~ble., 

CuzTe.ntq uper:lments a:re being made to determine techniques 

:needed tO'r machim ~. Time in preparing logs must be 

kept at a minimum. t~ the older the log is the less valuable 

it beeom.eso Two protot,n>e editing maohines are Utlder con-:-

s\Z"11Ct-ion. When editing is perfoned l.ogg1ng intormt1on can 

and should bo extracted.a Logging currentl.y requires about ~ 

0£ PROD man hourso As this is atten routine and duplicated. 

hand work there is a need for D&ehan:lsaticm.., 

6 

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'fra.ti'ic arrives at. USA. in as mmQ" as !'our d:Lr.f'erent. 

.t:ormsJ hard cop7, perf'ara.ted. paper tape. magnetic tape. and 

occasionally punel1ad cards. In cases in which hard copy does 

not ex1sh it is usual.ly' ma.de. In addition edited versiQTIS 

of this data are required variouacy in punched cards, pe1• 

f'orated paper tape .. and magnetic tape as inputs to the various 

._ytic machines. The smne data 'IDs::/ be required :in :more than 

one of these forms. Currently there is considerable duplication 

ot ~ in sl.i!'Jl't;l:y Ve.eying toms., 

3t> Rfta st.a38!-am Recovea 

Currently all hard copy traffic is nd.czro.tilmed and 

numbered in order at a?Tive1. This m.nnber• is needed to zrca... ~er back to the microtilm. CJrd1na!'y photogmphie techniques 

must be used to obtain a. print 'dlich can be used by the ~~ A prob1em c4 vast magnitude ex.ista in the storage 

ot coUateral int'oniation used bJ' the intelligenee e.n&qst.su. 

Th.ese files are ot such a nature as to require continual additi~1 

·both ot mn-r subjects md new intorne.tion 'Ullder old subjeetso 

J...N.eh of the :rep:roducUon ot this :l.ni'01"mtian is done by 

standard. pho·l.iographio 1iechniques., The :recording, reproduction~ 

aqd cataloging o.t this material. are all 111 need of meehmdzed 

aid. There :Ls clll'rent.J.7 a study pzioject on this topu o 

Bo Han-TEixt.ual AnaJ.ysis 

1Tatt1c analysis ean be thought ot as all cmmll' obtained .tram 

sources other than text.ual. Of prima17 importance is the re.construction ot 

ccmmunication nets employed b7 the E1Z1C11Q" o Hets azoo reconstructet by the 

analysis ot Oall signs, trequen.CJ:les1 chatter, n1Dli>ers, page and. pad mmibe1"'s, 

addresses,, and collateral intormatiah. Continuit.ies in one or mo.re ot 

the a.bova nenti.oned. categories mq estBbl.ish nets. standard. mi SOJ:'t1ng 

and indexing p~cesses aicl tbe.·tl'&f.'tio ana.lyst~ by speeding up and :making 

~ accurat. bis l'0\1t.1ne opara.U.one. t.rhese sorts an basic~ logs arnnged accordi.ltg to Varioll.S characteristics. Since most. 'f/A operates en 

a. reasonably cun:ent basie one ot the principal problems is to shorten the 

time to get IBM runs made~ This lag is both a function at IBM speeds, ke)• 

pmch operator shortage, Emd the 5'.owlless ot ~1.n:l.stra.tive J.l"OCed.ureso 

Machine aids tor these l:f.stings are needed to pel'mit use of personnel toiaaa.1.Jt.i.e operations ra:thei• tmn clsisica.l.o {Scma call. sign~~ 

problems exia~ whioh 81'9 suitable £or soluticm by ccmputer p.rci$'"ams) o 

7 

TOP SECRET FR6TII 
Co Texliual ~ 

i. fl.SB Text !·Iessp~ 

Large TOJ.umes of plain text messages aw received b:f" 

HSAo l·Iuch ct this is ~ a. coJ11119:rcial na:ture and io at 

interest (depend.1ng upon the subject matter, .f'irms, or 

countries invalved) as prov:l.cting valuable collateral. mtmnationo S:iuce the volume is so grea.t as to J;JP•clude 

detaUecl aa1Dimt1an 14 .all messages, a Pl'9U.mir&ar.Y scarm.1.ng 

1s performed upon :lncCDing messages to sea U they contain 

Imy WOl"da1 addresses,, et.co This is a h'Ulllan operaticn ~ 

vol.T.lng scanning ovvpr:lnted per.tai-at.or tape, e.xtmcting 

messages ot interest., and printing on tape operated. VPe-=-

l111'!1.ters. When messages are selected f'e printing they are 

also categorized. as to subject omtent accarding to the kB1' 

Wl'ds not.eel. Currenlil.1' devices are 1mda dnel.opnent, both 

tar automatilo tOl'm':l.t cont.rolled pr:t,nt.,!Qg and far: cat.agodzation. together tdth f'Q\1mat controlled printingo 

Possibilities far language translat.ioa have bea conside:recl 

bri.etJ.¥ but l!10 wrk is going on at the present time in. IJSAo 

2o 0Gmll8l'Ci&l. Coge Ilessap,~ 

'1'his pl'Ob:Um 'is "!fllZ'T similar to the p1a:lli text; problGo 

Al.though little t.ork i.s being done cm. such qa\emsJ ~t 

might be desired at SOJ119 time to place mo:re emphasis m. 

them. ~ eindl ar to that required f~ plain text 

scann!ng cou'ld be used. 'l'he p:roblem. is o1mp.11tied. bl' the 

fact that co:le gzoups ba.'¥9 a unifo:m length, and complicated 

by the f'act that many cedes might be used over one 

ccmmmicatiom link. Equipn.ent tir priiming code gzoup 

meardng currentl;r exJ.sts. 

III DIAGNOS1'IC OPERATIOMS 

A. Seal'Ch for end statistical. EvaluaUon ct Phenomena 

In ~ cases truttiC appears mi.ch is not plain text but has 

bean tmOraPted by smm unknown pi-opesa., It is moessU'I',,,. in the absence 

of' artT pertinen\ intonation ·ub.a:lisoner. to attempt to make scma sort 

at dia&nosis t4 the e17Pt4,..syatem invol'V'ed 1n order .that an intelligent attack mq be eamed out;., This diagnosia mtl1' be made upm the texts 

themselves (Id•tit:y) or upon same derivative text. {La.tent). 

8 

T0P SECRE'F FRO'FII 
l'll IdMt11« 

Among the eharacter.1stic8 which ~ be searchBd tor 

an given monogra.pbic, d1graphic or ct.her polygraphic free~ 

quencies or :L-Ougbness. Sets o:l messages havmg the same 

charactel"!l.st:lcs mq be grouped toge'ther am:1. dif'terentiated 

from oliher g.roups ot messa.geso statistical ph8n01DlJli~ occur5.ng 

with certain paiadicities 'l!Jtq be sought f~o All ot these 

character!st:Lcs 8l'8 searched tar and evaluated by means of 

caaput,ers, C4"11lfiers, mt equipu.ent and 1n some cases desk 

aids. 1.n adtilliion to these countable phencmiena ot individual 

messages there are between-message phenomena such as hi.gb 

co1ncidmoe mtes. Machines ot the canpa;rator class ate 

used tor 1ibiis problemo Machine a.ti is U8Uall1' that ot 

po1nt11lg out 'tJhe:re phenClllSD& exist and t4 a~ soma 

statist.icaJ. ten ot sigr.d.ficance to tlw.m. Exsm:tna'fAi.on c« 

tt+e usefulne1ss ot tbe phencmcma. requires the ...,..k of a ~,, In perfoiming these operatii.ons one at tbe 

lal"gest problems :ls volume of 'tmrk. FGl" a:ample, if 1000 

messages are received per dq in a certain QStem am they 

aN to be COil1}E.r84 with ea.oh ot.her at aU possible juxl;aposit.1.ans 

a total ot abM 500 x JJ:J6 ·coincidence seazrohes must be adeo 

This tl'P9 ot operation is being done ournntl1'~ Tbs problJm 

ot doing th1is -ror a Dl.OflthO a or a year• s tmtfio is «......, 

burdemdng a1~ present. equipnenli speeds. 

2o k§tm! 

Other ql:L&itable phenomena mq not be obsel"V'able frm. 

the text ot 1he message i'bself, but rather hom. a dor:Ln.ti.ve 

texl# such as might be fOJ'mad b7 replacing each letter by 

the ditfeftmae between itselt and tbe preceeding letter, or 

replacing eacsh letter by the distance to the n~ repetition 

et that let.tm~·. tiheu these derivativ. text;s have been 

toned they mq be examined as discussed. :ln the p::receding 

paragraph. In general., tm• la~ properties &"N d.ua to 

part1al.1 but not complete duplicaticm o'Z variables :'la the 

eno1pher.lng 1rocess. In. sC!l18 cases data oOllV'enicm am 

pr8pQ"atiaA equipnent are able to tom. the 4-lvative ten 

1lt1lle prepa.FJ.ng the data tor a.chine pl"CICesaing. Computers, 

canparatOZ's, counbel'S,, and IBM equipment are alao used.. 

B. Tens at Specific ffnotheses 

There Jl81" be casEts in mich there is sane *9ascn to suspect that 

a particular eBOr.vpliing pl"Ocess :ls used., When this· ie so more pawerEu.1> 

tests may be used. to deteJ~ the 'Vel.idit7 ot the hJpothesis. 

9 

TOP :SE€RET FROTII 
' . 

Oma.hi meohine systems produce noticeable characteristics, 

ft?r a.ample,, th• En1 pa t.;vpe machim has the characte:ristic ~ta 1etter cannot encipher :tnt.o itself.· When a .t'requency 

count is made of the text lettero tibich occur frequently :1n 

plaintext occur trl.th below average trequsmy in cipher text. 

A single test. of thia nat'Ul'"-e may sene to proV$ or disprove 

a given bJpothesis. other machine systems have thea 

~d1'rl.dua1 charaeteristios ltl:lch miq be used t.o give IllOl'e 

powerful. tests. Canputers1 eount;ers, and IBM equipment 

lDSaV be used ·i.o pertorm. these dia,gnostee 

2. Hand sutems 

In soma ciwes it mEO' be believed that a new, unenciphered. 

code is 1n wse. It a var.tety ot trattic is beirlg hardlsd over 

the link in questi~ mssages must be compared against 

themselves .t•.,-, withili--inessage group coincidences. It codes 

became known or partiaJl1' lmoi-m ne·ssages ~ be compared 

with a reeog1U..tiQu . .bank ot known. code groups and scored 

stat1st.1ca.1.ly. In mBn1' cases codes w.tll be enciphered with 

what a1:'8 supposed to be one-time-pads. Re-uses of this kq 

mq- cccur on a different link ,atte:r au· extended period.. 

It ke7 has ~'en reconred .f':rom one use. at.her messages 1JIQ' 

be matched w:f .. th tba ke7, inspecting the i-esu1.ts for ei.the:r 

known or unknown ea.leso Because ot the volumes at taxhs 

that might bet :tnvot'V94 all poss1bilities eannot be tested 

wi'th present equiIEnt• 'l'here must be a reasonable ~ 

theeis that 1he situation exLsts betore teats oan bo ma.dee 

Coantera• ccmlpllterS1 test and recopitim devices• em IBM 

equi~ 8.l'Et all used to~ theae prob.1.emso 

lV OPERATIOUS BASED OI\J KtlClfiEDGE OF '!Ur: GmJERAL SYS'l'llM 

Ao ?..tachine S7Btm8 

1-. Depth Search,.and Reaci1¥ 

It 1~ baa been detendned that depths are Upq to 

exist 1n a EVstem., an ettort is made to search tor themo 

1'hese mq be observabl.e from characterJ.s'tics 'Which appear 

in a log such as indicators, fZ'Olll high coincidence rates 

between messages or other observable phenanenao When 

depths have bcaen found· and 1t the mder:cy:t.ng languages are 

at least put.1.alq known, assistallce mq be givm to the 

T0P SE€RET FR0TII 
, 

" 

,b~St. This mq be done b7 :t'urniehing a. list of 

pd.rs r4 woM8 -illhose am.ultaueous occurrence is compatable 

'Id.th the text.s invoJ.ved and. l'll'lich have a good probabiliV 

of OCCU'ft'ence in the language involved. Searching is d.Cl'JB 

with IBH equ:lpment, computers,, canparators, and. test and 

recognition cievi.ces while depth reading is usUalq done 

With test mi recognition devices. 

2o Ml!Chat Recoveu au4 SettJm. 

r.n most cipher ma.Chine systems tbeiee are two problemsJ 

:maoMne reoatrery and settingo llach1ni Ncovel"T means 

recoverv ot 1ihe pl'ima17 variables ot the maoh:lne syat-. l~ setting recove1"1' :nozmalq reE•rs to the recoVtQ.7 of 

the message-id.ea val'":lablss 'ddch are most atten positiaw' 

:ln the Ciphel:it machine c70].e or c~les. Same mach!ne 1"9-

cover.r proceuses are largeq statistical. in nature. These ~be pert01-med on computers or mi equipait. others Dla1" 

require methctds of attack combi:D:f.Jg logical steps with ahaustiw trial techniquss. 

1bese req\d.re the assumpt.ion ot a cCll!"rect portion ot 

plain text tor a. given cipher text together with asaumption 

~ certatn of.' the per1od1c variables ot tl,le 918tan. E»» 

haustive 'hriEtl techniques applied to the rema.ininl 'Y8Z':labl.es 

during the q: .. ration ot an analogue to the cipher mch1De 

together with log1ca1 tests at each trial, serve to identUT 

the rema1 ning variables when thl eorrect plain tut assumption 

has bee madt!lo Setting and parUal machine recove!',V' as w"1l 

as cmputem are used tor thiso 

An e~ is that of a wlred-rotor 87stan in which the 

peri.ad1call7 changing parameters are 1derd;.1t7 ot robors, a. 

ldl-.1. motion cor.d;rol.ling e1emnt, and the a~nt ot a 

set ot manual.11' inserted. wires mile thl message-wise varring parameter is initial. rotor settings. (The et'tect or the 

t-d.res is to app:cy- a selt-mverse sim:ple subst:U:.ution to the 

plain text before it enters the rotor mue, arid to appl.1' 

the same si:mpil.e substitution to the tct emerging frm the 

maa to tom the.'.tinal. cipher text.) 

The 'ldr1ng of the ral;or ma.se, together With a pl.Am/ 

e1pher pair produced with that wiring carries 'With it a set '{(.; 

ot rest;rict.1.cns cm the substitution, of the fom ".l is tm 

811bstitute ot B U and onlT it C is the aub.Utute at D"o 

G.l.ven a saqμence ot plain/cipher pail's and th• wiring mases 

produr:ing the.a, the restrictions implied.~ be autticimt 

to detum1ne ~ the substituUGD. (For «Xample, tho 

11 

TOP SECRET FROTII 
• 

two restrict.ions, "fl is the su.bstitution or B it and onq 

1t 0 is the substitution of IJft and ttA is the substitution of 

B if and cnl;y- if C is the mbst.itu'tion of En together impq 

that A is jo·t. the substi.tution ot B• 0 is not the substitution 

ot either Dor E.. A sutticient number ot restrictions rD.B'¥ 

yie1d nA is i:iat the substitution at any letter except'F", 

which is equ:l:valent to HA is tbs substitute or F",,) Morecwer, 

it tho logical p1"0C8SS of determining tho substitution is 

carr1sd out using a sequence ot whtinge diher than. that 

aetval.q used in the encipherm.ent, if may be that. no substitution 'Wi:U satisfy the implied :restrictions - that is 1 

the restrict.ions Jlllq be mutually contradictor.r. 

Since, w.f.t..h a llmited set ot :rotors,, there is a limited 

set ot mases possible, and, in this 81Stela, rotor mot&ton. is st~ lim.1.ted, it is possible to try for a given matched 

plain and c:L1:>her sequence, all possible maze wil"lng sequences,, 

e11m1nating those which yield contradictd.ms,, in the ettort 

to determine the substi.tution idl'.iJJg. 

In sam.e mach:5ne systems, the indicators are suoh that e~ 

when all the periodic va.r.lables have been deta?mined,, ti» 

message-wise va.r1abl•s cannot be detendned by an easy :methodo 

In the absence ot any knowledge of the pla1D. text {other than 

statist.ioal) of a. particular message11 it Jl!B1' be necessary to 

do the equi-v1Ll.fmt ot deciphering it tar possible values ot 

the message-1d.se variable and exmdne the results statist:lcally 

to d.etezmine 't~ actual:cy is plain. 

It there is a high probab1lit7 that a certain word, er 

one ot a list~ ot words, occurs in the plain,, it mq be more 

economical to detemine those val.ms, if arq, ~ the messaP"" 

wise var.fabJ..Ets,, mich permit the simultaneous OCCIU1'1"eD08 C'.ll 

t.he cipbe r tEIXI:. being e:ram:lned, end one ot the wl'da of the 

list. Settiz:ig r&OOTel'J' am ~~~ used tor thia. 

3. Decmt.ton 

At times, the cryptanal.Jt.1.c process yields complete mf'Ol'Dlation cor1c81"Ding a e17Ptographic period. ~A period :i.s 

an haaogenem1s set ot cipher text mU'Jh has been enc~ed 

with a single cipher machine setupo Any massage-id.• 

Yal'iaticms ill the ma.chine setup are obtainable tran the 

cipher textsa) It is then necessary to perfOl"Jll the deCJ.7ption ot all anilable ten 1u accordance with the rules 

ot the 8'8'- am print the resulting pl.dn. Analogs and 

c:leoryption deavices often using punched card or tape input 

are used for thiso 

TOP SE€RET FR0TII 
B., Hand. Systems 

EO 3.~(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/SOUSC 3605 

1. Additive Er.i.d,ebL1!¥FJ....l. 

SuccessfUL 1'SCOTEtl'3' ot additi~ enciphered mss~es 

depen4s on prediatabw.t7 ot the kq. Key beco:ues ~ctable 

when (a) 1t is geneztated in a non-rardom marms~ or (b) 

tdlen it. is Nusad. EXploitabls genera.tad kay is eithw 

P'foclucecl bJ· a cletinable procesa, in which case the p:roblsms 

ot additive NCOY817 becme almos~ 1dmt1cal to those of rend~ng :me.ch:tm enci.phezmnts, or prcdu:ad b.v' a unknoi.m prooeaa which results 1n an ca:ploitabl.8 characteristic (an ...,,._ in lllOllog1'aph1c rov,gbnesa). Beuse ot key pamits 

discover.r of the reuse and NCO'f'9Z7 ot the text based m 

tbe racaaatrw:tion at the lml'· 

There a:re tour facets to the wedges into additiw aiOiph....ms: (a) ·S,.tm. D1scrim1DD.t1an, or the •1n'm1zati.cn 

et. the nunber ot Tariables tbat mu.st be cana14ered :1n reading 

a nw 8J'B'Hm, 1a alaoat al.wap perlor•d by hand or Cl1 a ~r because ot the Tar.lab1lit7 of the steps 1'8q1d.redJ 

(b) Indicator Reoor.el'I' 1 'ta utilisatiaa ~ the deciphezmant 

.f.ntomaticm. nppl.!84 to the intended reoipimt b7 the 

a9llder, hu been camad an almost ent~ an m pl'Odea••• (particular3'Y 801"t.ing) but, to a limited ezteS, 

laas been dcne cm ccmputers and, recognit.icm deri.cea; (c) 

Depth Seal'ch1 the diaCOTel7 of •ssages ha.Ymg the a .. kq, and .iaoJ.og 11eareh, the discover.r of msaaps having 

t.h• saae undm'-~ plain text; and. 41ttermt (bat aploitabl•) 

key, 1iJ or such import;ame that it has been a\tapta4 en most 

of the oailable equipunbs {canparatorat oaapllten., counters, 

lBM •quiP!rm am :recogaitim equiplmtsJ as wl1 as IV" handJ 

~17 ld) Exp]ottaticm, the actual code • plain-text 

l'800ftl'I' cm. the baaia ot the :!ntoma'Mm. ga.inad in me or 

mo:N ot the premding steps, is ot such a T&Z"J9d nature that 

vlnval.11" eftl'T analltic equiIJIBlt J oampsite:rs, cauparators, 

counter., JBM an4 NCogniticm equipnant, aa .U as decr.vption 

devices am hand. •thod 81'9 m ua•o 
TCW rt.1!JitiDftfBT1 FBl)TII . IJ .12''-..f EO 3.3(h)(2) 

2 ~M:i' PR6'lH PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

These procedures are normall.1' perlomed b;y computers 

although mM equipnentfl with JDa1V' interveni.»g manual steps 

have been used. 

311 Additicmal..J:ompl.!2: Pi£0C.5.U£.U 

'l'here an many- complicated. procedures, more logical. than 

statistical. in nature which are used. An exmnpls 1s the 

soluticm. ot a simple columnar transpos::1:hi011., with lmi_.. 

11:lntr text c+rd.inary language., bat unknown subject mttero 

Here one wJ.JJ. juxtapose each pair ot sequences of text trom 

the message which might be successive columns from the 

or1g1nal. tom, end tor each pair make an estimate ot the 

relative prc1babilit7 of their arisblg causa:r:Qr,, 'lo tm 

better scor.fng pa1ra1 trial. thirc:l co1umns are added• and 

new probabUit:r e&thates am further eliminations are made~ 

until a seora is obtained which is lmlikel.)" to haw been 

obtaimd 1>1' random in the .mmiber of" trial.a attanptedo 

A second example is the case in t«iich it is lai01G that 

additive ks7 has been derived by a specitie complex manual 

process (with a'fi least one variable of the system unknown) 

but such that the detailed nature at the UD:ler:cying plain is 

unknown. Here it :ls necessary to toll.ow the steps ot the 

cipher clsrk tar each possible value ot the miesirg param 

meter to gemzate trlal additives, to strip each trial 

~ive t:rom. the ciphex- text, and e::iram:lne each result:tng 

pseudo pl.a1μ tar l.aoguage...like propertiesb Computers are 

best SlAited to this 'WOl'ko 

14 

TOP SECRET FR0TII 
V SUPPOR'l' FU!ICTICllS 

'l'hese tuncticma emb1-ace a. mmt>er of dUforen:t; aotiviti.es ·which 

rnq empl.oy mechanized aiclso These activities are smi.et·mat general to 

all cryptana:cyt;ic wrk ard are nali based on arq particular tratfic or 

Q's'temo 

A. Linguistic and Statistical Aide 

A number of special d1cticlnar:les and stat:lstiDal. stlliies bassd. 

upon various languages o1." interest are 1"8quired as aids to cr.ypta.ru:icystso 

The d1ct1onar1eo and stat.istic s 'f.DBtY' be based upon parlij.cula.r traf'fiQ 

decrypt.ions or upon general. s~s ot the languagao Dictionaries 

arranged in special Ol'd.el-!Dg (such as backwards) 1lJlq' be desired. Frequent 

revision of dict.ionar:tes and statistical st'l.¥li.8 s are requiredo Most 

studies of this nature have been made using IaI equipnent. Sane desired 

studies have not been made because too great a vol'UDle of IBU w·Ol'k "'10uld 

have bee requiredo Besi.des llnguistid-studies large numbers ot special 

:mathemat:k:al and statistieal tables have been prepared;,. These mcl.ude 

specia.l Poisson,, bincmd.al. and multinomial tables and otherso 'Ibis 'tmrk 

has been done both on m-i equipnent. am on compuben. 

Bo Generation of Ci,pto-system data 

It is sometimes d.esired to pl'Ovide the anal.y5 with listings of 

data perbain:lng to a part.icu.1.ar cipher machine s;ystem. For example, 

tables which enable Ccmptltation or cycle distar:JCe between speeitic 

machine settings end lists of successive settings of a cipher machine. 

In certain hand systems in ·which t.he comb:ining ot text.s 1s done in 

several. steps, tables shewing the encl results of the several steps for 

various va.r:la.ble'B may be desired. These problems are normally done by 

taM. equipment ar canputer·so 

C • Desk Aids 

'.I'here are a nunber of small devices which mq be provided ~or 

the individ'lal cryptanalyst to use direct:q along with his worko '?base 

:Include COll1DleJ."Cial adding·JIE!bhines and. desk ceJ.cula.tors~ individual. 

cipher machines,, analogs of portions ot various eyrpto pl"OCesses,, ta'J.l7-

1ng counters and the like. Such devices may be TerY" useful, pl'Oviding that 

tlie:r are a.ctuJ.q wail.able to the person while working., There is a 

n.•ecl for more such equipr>.ents to aid in relllOT1ng clerical. bul'dans_.tl."fS 

the ana];rst. Something llniC1' is acestage more erwiiU, than a desk calculator n 

would be ot useo 

'l'he:re are t:lmes,, in the course of curftlnt:.:c~is,, ,.lidcb. 

during elmilmts appea.r which are not subject to regular periodic changeJ) 

but are such that a change in them would obviate Clll'ftnt methods or 

T0P SEC!RET FR0TII 
attack. .Again there Bl"e times when inf'o:ma.tion as to new cipher 

machines or tVStems not. inuse, but ottered .tor sale• becones availablea 

In this sort ot situaM.on a substa.nt1al effort. to prepare to so1ve a 

prob1• which ma.v neve1• exist i.s just.if'iedo 

16 

T0P SECRET FR0TII 
Ilf'l'RODUCTIO:N 

• 10ENDIX I' 

M!\CHINE llIDS 

In the tollowing pages a brief description of computers and more 

special purpose devices 1~ made. 'l'hese descriptions are followed by 

a listing ot the principal machine aids currently available for use. 

(or shortly to be ih use). ~ short description of the principal ru~ctions ot each are gi•en. For the listing under computers. an 

e.ttempt has been made to "def'ine" the categories into which BSA 

cor.1{.>uter programs fall. Some explanation is made as to why certain 

P,roblems should be assigned to computers and others to special pu~­

poe:e devices in order tha·t the reader may obtain a general notion ot th~ areas 1n which computers and special purpose devices are best 

sui.tede 

COl\IPUTERS 

Besides large scale 11ata handling problems. the 'gency is taced 

with analytic problems which may be classified under two general headings: the "work horse" problems which require almost continuous ~rrort to effect almost daily solutions. and problems which require machine etfort on a much smaller scale and on a more sporadic time b~sis. Under the second t1Pe. one would include problems requiring only a tew machine runs to effect a solution atter which no immediate 

need tor machine time is required. These problems are definitely handled by means ot a genceral purpose computer or IBM equipment. 

Under the "work horse" machine problems we have the tollowing 

tuo classes: 

Class l. Problems which involve many and varied types of 

computational and logical operations and require a reasonable 

amount or machine t11ne. 

Class 2. Problems which involve a few operations but may require considerably more machine time. 

It is felt that problems in Class 1 are best handled by general 

purpose digital computers. and that problems in Class 2, in most 

cases. are best handled by special purpose devices. 

Problems in Class 1 1aight be handled quite well by special purpose devices. However, due to the variety ot operations required to ef~ect a solution. the equipment would w111 approach the design of a 

general purpose computer. For this reason it is deemed advisable to 

develop general purpose equipment with the idea that the added cost. 

tf' not excessive. is justified in having a device which has general utility even after the problem or problems which motivated the device 

no longer exists. IOP ~~CRH CO iROL NUMBER ~Of l.S1 _ 1 

!. PPEND IX J C1JPY 1 I OF / Co GOPIE . ~ rA(;E .11- - 1rlf _~-3- _..sPAGES 

TOP SECRET FROTII 
, 

Problems in Class 2 ~re usually given every consideration aa t.~oi:'ilputer problems and are handled as such unless by virtue ot size, 

·iYJporta.nce,, time conswnption and monetary savings., it is decided th!it 

they warrant special purpose equipment. 

5.: Of.1 P l\R ll. TO~ 

In searches tor causal characteristics (such as reuse or key, 1 ·ncipherment with most variables 1dent1ca.1,, etc.) 1t is often desired ·:~o ntake coJhpariaoris between texts in an effort to find if' and where 

"'.nese circumstances exist. ~mong the "symptoms" being sought may be ~mah items as high coincidence rates,, simila?' repetition patterns, 

:.;,nd characteristic frequency distributions. 

Tasks or this nature are often performed on comparator equipr•tents. These equipments have in general the ability to examine texts 

at "Many juxtapositions,, to generate certain periodic texts, to make v~rious combinations and comparisons using logical circuitry, and to 

count 9.nd compare results against a criterion in order to test tor 

t>1gn1ticant results. Gener~l purpose comparators, with great flexibility 1n problem. capability, and limited purpose comparators are in 

...ise. 

frE.fTING RECOVERERS 

In a number or machine cipher systems ~11 periodic variables are 

oi'ten recoverable leaving only a particular message variable, that 

nt the position in the machine cycle,, to be recovered. It is desired. ~:neref'ore, to provide a means for recovering the position or sett:!.ng of the machine at the start of the encipherment. 

Setting recoverers are in general or two varieties: crib place- 1,1ent and statistical placement. In crib placement procedure, a μ~obable plain text word (or crib) is assumed to underlie some posi- ··~:lon of the message 'ind possible machine settings are tried on an 

•-!Xhaustive trial basis or by a series ot logical tests to see if the 

,issumption can be ver1f'1ed or proven talse. In statistical placement urocedure, a message is decrypted at all possible settings and the 

·•r-sultant possible plain text is examined :f'or statistical plain text 

•lharacteristics. Since certain languages have a very strong odd 

'.i.etter-even letter unbalance some procedures consider cipher• key :~nd plain text streams solely on a modulo 2 basis tor statistical 

i;1lacement • 

§1;!.TING ~ND P~RTI'L M~CHINE RECOVERERS 

In some machine cipher systems not only the message setting but 

also some ot the periodic machine variables are unk:Down. Procedures 

have been developed to solve both unknowns.simultaneously. These 

•H•ocedures generall7 involve exhaustive trial setting runs while , ~~,plying logical procedures to test assumptions of the other vario.bles .. 'i?c.r these tests long c1•ibs may be required, or very long cipher texts 

::md statistical plain text chara.cter1st1cs may be used. 

TOP SE€RET FROTII 
" TEST l\ND RECOGNITION OR CJ~ITERION DEVICES 

In situations where Jcey can be predicted or is used more than 

once, it is desirable to 1nake tests for its occurrence 1n a pai•ts.cular position and recognize acc::ord1ng to plain text (or plain code) c;-.. ,r- ~cter1stics. In the case ot codes these ma7 be known or unknettnr When 

the code is unknown or ca11not be predieteda recognition ot plain •1ode 

:::'.S opposed to random text must be performed by observing group revea-ca. 

othe1awise recognition ot 1c:nown code groups, known plain text grou}.)s or 

single letters. and plain text roughness are variously used. Provision 

must be made for the combining of streams or textual material acr-o~ding 

i.o the method ot the crypto system involved and selecting the streams 

:lu. the desired order. 

-~!~''!~S, TEST OD DECR}'PT~~..J>.!,VJ.Q.~~ 

In the simulation of various cryptosystems a variety or dev:t.ces ~~ ~ound useful to replace hand operationso A device may simulate all ~r pa.rt ot the actions of either a machine system or a band enciphered 

system and may have a manual,, tape, or card input together with a tape. c~i·d,, or printed output. Their principal ut111ty 1s as a labor saving ~;:ta.. They are atten used in the vicinity or the operating analytic nection • 

.J?.~!A CONVERSION, PREP'lftll!_:CON l\ND RECORDING 

Since data may arr1v~! at the l\gency in a variety ot forms includ·· 

1.11.g hard copy. perforated paper tape, punched cards. and magnetic tape ·~ud as it is utilized by both analytic machines and personnel in 

YilJ"ious ot these torms de-,rices are necessary to permit the conve1"sion o~ data from one such ~orm to another. 't this time minor cha1"tg~B 

~ay be made in the data such as recoding in a ditterent baud to:nn~t, 

~~P.letion of' certain characsters, insertion ot indicative information 

.:;.nd spaces,, etc. l\uxiliaJ'.7 input and output to analytic equipments ~re required. The variety of such equipments in use is very great. 

(!OUNTERS 

• e· 

In the course or exploratory and cryptanalytic operations a large 

smount of int'ormation is ()ften obtained from making counts ot va1)lous t~xtual characteristics. 4 number ot specialized counting devices e~lst for the purpose ot making these counts. The devices are often 

located in the vicinity of. the using section. 

§~LECTION DEVICES 

Large quantities ot J>lain text material are received in perfor- ated tape form. These me11sages requil"e printing in an acceptable r;1~ssage format. and because ot the volume involved~ deletion ot messages 

ot 11 ttle interest will b~! needed o By use of a list ot keY' words 

l>l.!1•ta1n1ng to subjects of interest• this deletion tunction can be ,;>er·~ 

iol91led in a step prior to printing. l'ormat is controlled by 1dent1-

f'icat1on of hea.d1ng 1nd1cat1ons 1 etc. Similar clevtces could handle 

commercial code material l>ut are not currently being planned. 

TOP SE€RET FROTII 
~ EDITING DEVICES 

The poss1b111ties or mechanised editing are currently beginning 

to be explored. The prol:tle111s involve reordering ot message inf'ormation, deletion of' supe~1·1uous material, adding auxiliary indicative 

intormatlon, collation of' several versions of a message to produce a 

best copy, provision ot ctutput for logging. regrouping or information 

and many others. ~ f'irst editing device, a limited purpose, character handling computer, 1s under construction. 

IBM EQUIPMEIT 

This categOl"J' includes standard IBM equipment plus modifications 

made to these equipments which ena~le problems peculiar to the 'gency effort to be solved with more tac111ty. Th~ aggregate of' ordinary and special IBM equipment; is capable of' perf'orming tasks of' any description (3ust as is a d:!.gital comput~r) but with certain drawbacks 

for very large operations including the requirement for manual handling of cards between steps or various operations. and the limitations on 

speed imposed by mechanical card handling. 

DESK 'IDS 

In addition to all the machine aids previously listed. there is 

a final category ot equ1i:•ments which are used by the individual crypt- analysts at or on the desk. These include desk calculators, actual 

cipher machines. and special purpose devices used to simulate portions of a cryptosystem process. These devic~s are required in general to 

be small. simply operated and quiet. 

T0P SECRET FR0TII 
•' 

'· Ff;:C>Tl_I. ; 

DR 'lFT 

1. COMPUTER PROGR~MS 

~. Cipher M~chtne ~nalog and Simulation: 

4 program which simulates the oper~t1on ot a cipher mqch1ne 

tn order to study its cryptographic characteristics. 

B. MCJ.chi.ne Setting: 

~ progr~m wherein p~rttal knowledge or the machine is known ~nd some subsidiary information (cribs, etc.) 18 employed to 

recover the initial setting of the m~chine. 

C. Decrypting: 

~ progr~m wherein the usually non-m~chine system is assumed 

and messages decrypted by me~ns of system ~nalog. 

D. Key Study: 

~ progr~m wherein key is ~n~ly7.ed with view to determine 

1ts ch~rCJ.cteristtcs and method or generR.tion. 

E. Computation~!: 

~ program wherein speci~l counts and tables, etc. are m'lde 

on sets or d'lta. 

F. Rough Key Explott~tion: 

A program wherein key ch~rqcteristtcs r~ther thqn ~ctual 

key vqlues R.re exploited to obt~in underlying "pl~in text". 

G. Logic~l: 

• ~ program wherein the basic operation is one of comp~ring 

and ordering. 

H. Stattstical Rese~rch: 

~ progr~m wherein the machine obtains 1ntorm~t1on concerning 

a popul~tton by r~ndom sampling. 

TOP SECRET 
·' 

;. DR \FT 

I. Mathematics Research: 

" ' program wherein mathematical and statistical theory is 

tested tor computat1011al, statistical and cryptanalytic teFts1-

b111ty. 

J. Engineering Research: 

' program wherein designs or projected designs are analyzed 

tor feasibility and optimal properties. 

K. Intercept Studies: 

These are programs involving intercept control and direction r1nd1ng. 

TOP SECRET 
~. l\FS ~:F Dl A. 

B. Copperhei:id 

c. 70 MM 

D DELL\ 

E. ROBIN 

F. IDI\. 

G. HYPO (See 3F') 

DR 'If T 

2. COMP!\.R!\TORS 

General Purpose H1gh Speed Comp~rator 

(Perfor~ted P~per Tape) 

Group Repe~t Se~rch between messages (Polystyrene tape) 

• 

Counts 1, 2, 3 and 4 ohar~cter repe~ts 

(70 mm p~per tape) 

Limited Purpose High Speed Comp~r~tor 

(1-64 chal'!!lcter repe~ts) (Magnetic Tape) 

Coincidence Counter with Threshold (Perfo~~ted Paper Tape) 

Coincidence Counter between bands 

(Perforated Paper Tape) 

Co:lnc1dence Counter with Threshold 

(35 mm film) · 

TOP SECRET FROTlm-1 
DR I\. FT 

3. SETTING RECOVERY 

4.. HEC~TE Hagelin Message Setter (Crib) 

B. W4.RLOCK I H~ge11n Message Setter (Sta~istical) 

c. W4.RLOCIC II Wired Wheel Hagel1n Message Setter 

(Stat1st1cal) 

D. VIVI~N Hagelin Message Setter (5 Wheel Parity) 

E. H l\GELIB MESSt\GE 

SETTER Hage11n Message Setter (3 Wheel Parity) 

F. HYPO (See 2G) Enigma Ha.gelin Message Setter (3 wheel 

H:agelin max. ) 

G. FIRECRACKER Purple Machine Message Setter (Crib) 

H. GROil.DE EJ:11gma. Setting 

TOP SECRET F~OTI I 
4.. BOMBE 

B. FROG 

C. BRIDE 

--P-ROTI 1-

Eo 3.3(h)(2) 

DR4.1'? PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

4. SETTING AND P'lRTIA.L MllCHIIE RECOVERY 

Enigma. Wheel Order and Stecker RecoverJ" 

...__ ____ __.!Stecker and Setting 

Recovel'J' 

Gentral Wired Wheel Stecker. Orde~, 

Setting Reeoveey 

TOP SECRET F-ROT~·-1 
E03.3(h)(2) 

DR~l''l' PL 86--36/50 USC 3605 

5. TEST ~ND REOOONITIOH OR CRI'l'ERION 

\. DEMON II 

B. SKl\'l'E II 

C. DEMON III 

D. SLED I 

E. DUCHESS 

1 . MIS'l'RESS 

0. GBBWHIZZER 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

..__ __ ___.~ey Pinder/Slide Run 

l>epth of 2 reading~ey Stripping (Base 32: 5 characters; Base 10: up to 15 

characters) 

Wired wheel dec1phermentjl>eptb searcb/ 

Key finder/Coincidence counts/group I.O. counts/chaining 

Group I.e. counts of' differences f.A t(f'21)} 

Placode finding (repeat search) 

Digraph weighting ot cipher text/!Pour1er 

weighting of cipher digraphs 

TOP SECRET F:ROT1-1· 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

DR l\.F'l' PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

6. 'NA.LOGS, TEST l\tm DEC:ft.YP'l'IOK DEVICES 

A. B-211 

B. C-38 (11'0} 

C. SATYR 

D. STURGEON' Analog 

E. BMBRYO OPHIS 

F. Bt\BY OPHIS 

G. ROE 

H. HELLC~T 

I. U'SA!P D6-

J.. Mt\ISIE 

K. PEELER 

L. Mt\TTHEW 

14. Chinese 

Typewriter 

H. CALL 35 

O. HOYLE 

P. M-8 

Q. PA.DDLE 

..__ ____ ___.IB-211 l\nalog 

Hae~e11n C-38 Analog 

Ha.gelin C-38 Analog 

Moclel c, D and B in one package 

O. l~. wired wheel 

G.P. wired wheel 

Deciphers Sturgeon tra.rt1c using externally prepared keJ' tapes 

Pol7alphabetie (26) decipherer 

D"•JI square decipheNr ~~ i6~1~~~~ USC 3605 

Code lookup and p~tnter 

Additive Stripper and Teater 

Strips key from cipher using externally prepared key tapes 

Draws a stylized (straight line) characters from special coding in 

that card 

Call sign decipherment 

Playfair decipherment 

Enigma. 4:na.log and/or 01Cey" generation 

Decipherment of two letter enciphered code 

TOP SECRET 
1. 

A. MILLIE. 

B. MATTHEW 

c. JOHN 

D. 4.Sf\P 25 

E. BUNNY 

F. CENSOR 

G. llYE 4.YE 

H. PRIMllTE 

I .. MllYBE 

J. cxoo 

K. Cl\PPY 

L .. TIZZ'! 

M. AFSAF 44 

B. Hi Speed 

T'l' Reader 

o. Hi Speed TT Punch 

P. Ferranti Reader 

DR41PT 

Perforated Paper 'rape to magnetic tape C'regen" or patterniaed) 

2-to-1 conversion of pe~torated paper tape 

Mononome Dinome Deciphel'!Dent 

High speed pertorated pape~ tape reader 

(Potter) used in tape checking 

High speed perforated paper tape pluggable rE~gen a.nd pa.ttern1zer 

I 

Oh~~cker tor coded paper tapes (Atlas, 

Demon) 

PeJ:-torated paper 1Jape patternizer 

Con1J)uter Program Tape PUncb 

Computer Magnetic Tape Preparation Device 

Perforated Tape Readera. TJ'pewriters and 

Punches 

Card to Tape Converter 

Tape to Card Converter 

Hi~h speed digital and/or literal recorder 

High speed mechanical perforated tape reader 

High speed perforated tape punch 

High speed photoelectric perforated tape reader 

TO~P SECRET 
• 

9. COtnfl'ERS 

~. CllDILL'C Monogra.phic Counter/I. o. computation/ baud le•el totals 

B. BllBY ll?.C,'J.'R"Z 36 catego197 aonograpb1c frequency counter 

(d1tterenc1ng optional) 

c. DEL'l'I\ COUlf'.l'ER Counts baud-no baud changes in 5 levels 

plus character totals 

D. DELT,-DO'l' COUNTER Counts runs ot bauds and no bauda in 5 

levels ot tape 

E. DIPPEREBCE COUNTER Counts d1tterences between two tapes (digital) 

F'. DINOME COUMTER Counts d1nomes supplied as one digit trom 

each ot two tapes 

TOP SECRET 

I 
A • PATRICIA. 

B. BUDDY 

C. P4DDY 

DRAll'T 

10. SBLEO'.l'IOI' DEVICES 

Message Categorization Unit 

Message ending reoogn1tion - Pormat 

Controlled Printing 

Message Categorization - ending Recog- n1 t1on - Pormat Control Printing 

TOP SECRET 
I\. BOGART 

DRl\PT 

11. EDITING DEVICES 

Limited purpose character handling computer 

TE)P SECRET FROTA 
DR ll1P'l' FRC>Tl-1 

12. IBM EQUIPMD'! 

4.. Standard Dlll f1mchea, Ver1t1ers, Sorters, Collators, Reproducers, Tabulators 

B. Spee1al IBM Cc,orc!1nat1ng Reproducer, Brute l'orce 

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C. A.ux111a17 DeT1ces RE~lay Oates 

D. 604 Sn~a.11 Oeneral Puiapoae Calculator 

TOP SECRET FRC>Tl-J 
.. 

A. 

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I ffnp:u:5~ eR E. F-:ROTI t 

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NCR 

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_____ lcr1b Tester and Decipherer 

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