f_ 

IL 

r,.;;:: . ... 

i. 

:-

-·- -------

REF ID :A67392 " 

Mr. David A. Saloon, 

CW.er, Division of Com:JUniora.ti'lne 

and Records, De~artmcnt of Stat~, 

Waldllneton, D. c. 

Dear l4r. Salmons 

In accordance with the Chief 31£D,~i 0fficor 1 s 

reply to your lotter of Jllllufll')' 16, I am sendlnt you a par~utation tabl~ and instructions pertaining therdto. This table 

is constructed according to our latust princi~les and will ;rovide a eet of 150,000 five-l~tter code groups embodying the 

two-letter difference and nontransposability fe3tures throughout. 

Attached& 

Table and 

instructions. 

Very truly yours, 

Willi~ F. Friedman. 

Chief of Si&nal Intelligence Sectl~n. 

lA\ppr?ved fo~_Relea~~ by NSA on 04-10-2014 pursuant to E.O. 1352§ 

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REF ID:A67392 

Sectio~ 2. - SeeQnd Letter 

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6 }I.. S"'W -:. 

f'I. ~.,..o ... --

~ "'l\.f) ~ .,.. 

"1 +- r "° - 'W 

lu 

ll "M> -J... ~ ... ~~<ao ' ~ 

__ lb""° .,..,. ~ -:. ~1 \ .,,. 0 ,,,. ' 

4-tho 1-. fs' -;.3~'2.CjO .. \ 0 

4 ~' 6 "1-.. 4 : \ g ., 'J.Q 

~YOO 1-. f 

,, 

'"""" 

- -- -- - -,-c. ----- ~ .S"voo 

r 1 ... l- o 4 ~;).:a..~ "0 

(.\..Jll \ • b v4-o 

- ( '• ~ 

=-----q_r 

'1 )I. !>ao -:. ~~ _ J<... )HJ. II ..,_ ~S' oO 

<&: ,c -r 1r11 ,..._ _"-I __ ~ o ~ _[H.l I l "" ";}... ~tJ'trU 

'f .,,~ ,..._ '-\~ -~--\~\___ ::. \:.,~oo 

\v ·'f....~ 

; -- ~pv-o 

~ ~o co 

-;~ 

~ 

lol{ Cb() 

\ ~ '-"'lO 

~ 

¥ )(. t'>o - ~\ (;. 0 

'1~ ~ -- ~~o 

...... - ' 
v - - I\:.._\ ,cis. ~(.. 

"/'1:,, _\ . . 

l1 ~~~1-· lO~\~ 

\<o" bo i- )C1-Yb 

tl "'f.. bc>l- -\0~\9 

\ ~ ~ ~04- -- \ Otl l-" 

--J] f.. b o.S'"" - t\'4b \ 

- \ {r><. b_o 1 - lo~ 1'b 

-__ , J ~ bbl - '0 ~ \ ~ 

\ ~ 'i( b~ 1 - \ 09 Yb 

\ 1 ¥ bo..J. - I o);b)( 

\ ~'J( (Q o(, - l ~oc/ 

-11 ~~ol - \03\~ 

\ ~ 1:. b 6 I - \ ' ~1 !:. 

\ i '/.. 661- \0~\1 

\ q ~ bO ~ - \ \ 'f 1'° 
• REF ID:A67392 • 

lo i <.. 

"). ""'" 'I.. JJ..,. . -1_ -- - to~ - -- "'\.~ 

;..104--a 

-'}.. 

- - -- 4<> ~ta 

_-i-4 - "'.'" _:~ q 3 i, ·' '/- i) --- --- - - -

..,.,\. -... ..., ---. - - - - ---

~r 'ft... . 

- - --- ----

-

\ \'is~ I..! b ) - l<c""-601 r- )() Cf.~ 

'"'() -c..o J..p )'._ (.. 0' - \ J... I '-1.o --- ., - -----

lo\~ \Cf.,... ~~1- \\ )~ 3 

\ q '1-.. bOl, ~ \' )\4 -- ---- -

·tq ~ G,o ~- )\ 4q~ - - - --

_ \~x: toob- 1090<6 

\ q -,( bOb- \I~~ - - - - --

_,, ~ bo 6 - l D 3o-i- -- ------ --

\~ '( bt)f- \ 0 &1 l- - --- _ ... _ 

\ 1 ,c. bO~ r-- 'o vS-l 

\ ~ ')(._ b01-- I\{~~ -- ---

\ l "' 601- l D 0 \ 9 - -----

'~"' b()f-- \ 0 Cf "Yb 

\7 ~ bO~ - ) t>_ 'Y~I 

-- - --- \~1' <o o..t. ,_ \o~1v - -- -- ----
... 

7,Kt,0):::--

71'<,.;"7 =-

// /... fo...o ) :: 

• 

Cf)._ _'i r . - --- 6 

V).,,lf r - - - ---

-

' '}/ --

lo< f!J o ) ::. ' 0 7 O 10. -tn . .ict30 7f606 ~ Y 1 -_Y)..... 

7K-<.OJ--_ ~-~_f'_ ____ ?_·i./~1-?i-l37tf'X_/,O) :=- '{J>Jb 

S'-1< Co 0 (, ,,;: - 't.f 'If-..... ---~:-'b-~J!o 7 /( ~) ? y _ i '19 

». fo 0 " .:::. lf_j __ </_ tf' f';. ~ h- 353b ~ / t ~ ) ? v tf_J ~ 

/ f X "0 l ~ ' ' ' ' II• .fetv~~ 1 ~ f ;t~ () Y := fl/ ( J _ _ _ (p x <. 0 <I :; ] ' \. </ fo· ff•·.,,,~,, 

} rf. ~ a l ;;.. 'i "":-_,,_I 1 · ~i1. -.;&.\.,,; 

7 >(too) ::.. Y_~· __ '(_ ~ l·~t~·}'fn 

ft r <a o 1 ~ · 4 _ ~ _) 7 , , . '°4q)· ')""~ 

~to () 1 = '( t_.ri_ --- ~ j!~·3C\'f~ 

fJ? ~ 0 J ~ lf i' }, i ~1 y "° 0 'i ::.. ~-y \.., y_ 

~;< <u>1 :: r4 ~ :s 

J1.lDO) _:: Lf'/Jb 

<if I i.197' ~4 l "2,. 

9 X~9l ~ J116 3 

(.,. ~ 0 y ~ l' ) 'f_ ---

1· '!._~~ 

1 ·'/fl 

'6·~3 

,.~,~ 

~ •_j~I) 

I {I.~ ~ .r - ~ ~ r.1::-_ _ __1\. ~,, 

~~,l_'11: ttrrb 

~f~O 

'f../3, 

31•/( 

'+-tn 

a.1o1-o 

, ·-

.. 

bO .3 II 

bo..J ~ 

&o) l\ 

Coo C. 11 ll 

_C,o( ~~~I 

3aM ~ ---

l_'t .. ~ --- -- .. - - . .. -: 

i · '1, :!> _ ?'f(,r 

-

Ifs'. 'fq l -, -

~'-~ 

-- -

...... , < 11111 
1-

ii!-: 

~-

-

"=-

\ ....... REF ID:A67392 

5ouroes or errors • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ~_1;Q3 or 1m:hlea ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

Yhe error corr~ct<>r t~bl~ end t~e L1110-lett.r differciice • • • • • 

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * • • • • • 

Corrlctlne errors or th.a atlbstitutlun ty;a •••• Correot1~ errora or the tr:·.n1;os1t1.)n V~o " • • 

Corrcct1D&:, other.types·of errors ••••••••• 

Servloe meaaag~a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

. . ~ . . . . • • • • • • • 

• • • • • • • 

• • • • • • • 

Parsgr~h 

1 

2 

' 4 

5 

6 

7 

1. Sources of lll'?'ors. - ds.rbloa or .wt1l~t1ons in th• te.:irt o~ ceya>to-

. - ... gr~s co~$ tro; two ~~~rcea& 

. ·- ..I• matl 1use in enq:>dl.llP, or ~c~ >.lterl.Jli:L ttr c:so1nf:.• - These err:>ra 

---- ·::. 

-~ 

~. --- . 

sr' awtdal·l? tq t.ha a:ercise or gre>t care o.- th• pvt or thoao praparinJ 

diepatchea wb1ah la t.hf! beat •11\!tJL"U •.rd .Qiai.nat moat or t.b"' 110r: aeriou.3 errors 

aade 1n cO!!allnic:•tl.".ln - thoae aadct at th.: source. Where tla·1 .,em ta, 9ftr.Y 

dlsp.t.tch. ahauld b9 varU'ie'..lJ th11.t 111, decl,,lher~d mJ de=eodsd frul4 Ute tau 

t7p11d copy by aouone other thAn th'~ par3on •ho orlclnallj 1>ru;11rc.-d t.he Hll-

•SC•a before it 1• t11~..! tor t.r~rini•eian. It 1s not ~ rellabl·, ch;sck aerai, 

t.o eueodo or enci,?h.a a eecond ti.m.~, beC!J.U!c the ••e error 1.3 Tery Ukel;y to 

be ro~eated.J the r~verae ~rocoaa• ~~let~ decod.ing, is oerte.in to dlaclosc llbl1' 

e:rTOJ"I and will' inNr-3 thit.t thlil 11.nel di&tplltcc. 1it corr;;ct. ;;hen ti.de is iapractlca.blo~ tho! di!;'J!ltoi. ahoulrJ be Yer1t1ed .rter it b1us beEm !il~\!, ~snd my 

errors no tea should b-:) corrocted an.i thi.: l'lddre1.eea notit1 ··4.!. It tb9 ~rrorn 

•~ral.y 1nvolv~ a v•r1 li.Mttec nUtAbe.r ot slngl~ lettara, a corr~ctton ae!B"f• 

.aq bo 1entJ but l.!' the error 1' or 11. aeriou.3 nature, such. ae th~ use o! tho 

11bo-.ild ~ dona by the com:.t-.ndinr: otficer of' th~ tr~a!ttlne •e•s"'f"' center, imd 

B• Jitrora B~O iD \l;&Sllll.S•ion or ri&csp\i~Jl• - Thea& ar.; un'l.TOiCltt.bl& 90 

rv u the peraon who F\lJil:;U"ad th_-; 41:JP'\tch ia ooncerned1 lllftd ~nstitute b,y t11&1" 

• 

aro of throo VP•_•• 
REF ID:A67392 

(l) Substilutlona or incorrect l~tters !or the corrGct on:s. • - '.d:! - .... :-: J- • .. - :.. - -- t - - -1f2f Tra.ns.t)Oaitiou• o:: tL.e --.burs of a !>ali- o"f correct 1olttors, -, 

·tJ) O:ll11slona anci Rd.di Uone of letters. 

}. By t"IJ" the mo~t. cos-:on errors ar.: or th• rlrat Vil-• ;md it 11 

fortun"-t•l.7 true +.b'lt lt 1• unusu...i ror a o.;>~rator to auo ao:r•.: th"l?? a 

111.ngle 11ach error in " grou,.> of' five letters, 

3. Thtii error eorroctor table 'lnd t.;zo-letter diftore."'1.C&. - ...1• The 

eode grouil:s e;>loyed 1n this code wer3 conetructc.:d 1r;" u!lllla ot th~ cbvt aho;m •• 

• inaut at the end or the bo:>k11 Stac~ a chru-t ia ott-3n csllcd a •por:1:it1tlon 

t~bl'J", 11cooe 'll'Ord CGrHtt.ructlon tabla" 1 •a garblu t&bl.o•, etc. In thefllo ir.-

been inelud,,d in tbe code l.n order to a.salat in tha correet.toz~ of errors. 

}. The errt.lr corr111~tor tl!ble tor tb.1• cod3 consists o! t1Yo st:cU.·)n81 

Seetlon l. A alnile colu.'IU1 ot' 26 lettor:-, tr.,;a whic}~ U!i.t 1n1tl~ letters 

- -=-"•:! F 

aro t:i.k:en. 

S.Ctl'!>lll 2, J, l\fid 4. Thrse intermediiite squares of 16tters· (with 

chrtain b:J.ank spaces) ) , fro-;i whic:- the aecJnc!., third. llli4 ___ _ 

f'ou.rth l:.:ttere, rospactivaq, ara t:lken in turn. 

Sectl~n 5. A •1n£1~ ro~ ot 26 lattora, tro.:i which th~ fiu~l letter• 

.£• The buic pr.lnc1pl~ in ua1ng thia th-'tt'le to con~truot codo word:! 1a 

coa,.>:>aJ.cg a code 11 U.11.t a9.Ch ot 1ta five aeotiona cont.rU:uttt• on-::- snd onlJ 

011.a let~r to th\9 tona'1t1on of t.htt •orf. "'n.•1 that in :u.:lect1ni; th\! succertd Yu 

init1~1 letter aolect~c is A, th& til"et letter in Sectton l. le •.Y then 

aelect uy en<J or th.; lf:tters on the ••• lill~ 'lfU.~-, A but in ~.,cti.Jn 2J eu~1 _· o:Ja 

•• e-.ilect 11 1i•1nz; J.T aa th• init.1.'ll ;>sir o!"·lettera or th.$ cod:s ~rou.; b!Ung 

lnto S.atlon : and •elect 'the third letter, tor example o, 8lv1n~ A10 aa the 

I ;;- I" 
f 

! 

. 

I--

I 

t-

~ i- . 

~ 

-...;....-

·~ 

-

--,,c -

.... 

I _:-·: 

- ,- -~ 

-' -"j 

- ;""! ... ---.. 

tow.-Ut l•t.t.ai·w ~.?Q:Jv •• aeleot ~. g~v~.g the tour letters AFOC.11 I'll then 

- - ~ kava &Yail~bloa aa \he r1tt.: l;~ttor o:ll.1' onr: latt.er, n11J11t11!1, tb.~t which, ln ~ootion 

~--

' is d.1ra4tl.7 ~bo•~ tho ~ we 1-!lected. In thJ..i aaae th: letter 1a !, givin~ the 

j. 'lit.~ D'O aa t.'1~ 1n1t1:U tr1.gr9*1h •• •fV' OOtlStruct, b:.:sid"la .AFo:;.;;,. a 

9er1ea O! 2.2 CO~e &1°0U~8 "1.1. dif!eri~ frOMS on• 8110ther 1U ~h~ la.."ft. two l~tter11 

m.Q havG, b·;s!dea AFOCiil,, a eerio• ot 8~ code arou;a all cil.fferin~ tro: o~e 

mot.her 1D the first t¥.10 let~are,, for .u-.pla ENJ(,,, .. , !VO~, llAJ.,...6. Oon3lderntion 

Of thi• Nthod. Of C-"lnBtruet1:m rill !how thAt nhe."l thit latteri; llt"tt CO:::lbinec:i in 

- __ -...... 

the a'Ulner 1nd1.cited1 th~ reaultins code l~0\11)3 miet all differ tro~ one imother • - __ ._ ·1 .... -.......-~,""-

in at leut t110 lett.era. This is re!ur~d to s.1 th~ "t.~o-letter d.1tter.aiU ~-- ~ __ 

c:i 1t· 1, or £J"•n.t. usistance in eorrec~ .ttore wba:. they occur u th':! reeult --

or Dllstues in writini, cowing,.. tr~aatsaion, or rcco;tt.ion. 

4. CorrocU.ni •rrors of the aubstttut.ton 'tlJJ~· - .!• Sin,gl·-Ltter 1Ubstitutione ftl"o b) !!r th"l mat ueuu or all t.J;>e• of error::s. imd their corr~ction 11 

princl.lle. 'I'h-:.- .!l'lsthod dll bi: 1llu:!:t:rati01:d 111 'ID e.iuwple, 

.!• Su~_.;;ose the code croups OOSCU apa,">ova 1n a diepatch. 1n th ... ;or.it.tom 

m1own 'bitlo-;r and 1& not. round llat-s:d in th~ decoding 110lwae1 

• • • mccu 

., 

.. '" 

4Ib., tll"l'or •81 bo in tm,y one o! tb• tin l•t.tara or t'Osctl 1 and b; ob'U!ging the 

one at '1 till·:, a aaxll'IWI or fiv.t ;J0&&1b1Ut1es ror tti.il oorr,Jct grou&1 •lll be 

!'oii.ml. The group 1:! Wl"1tton do-:rn five t.J.aee, le11.virl;t a blmk ap'lCe tor the 

letter tbtJ.t ia UIA.lll~d to U..:: ll1oorrt:ct 1n eac!1 C':M!e. ThuiH 

(1) 

~;l ~; 

.... 0 s 0 0 

D-SCU 

D 0 .... CU 

D O S ... tJ 

~osc- - ~ 

• 

{l) AslJWling tho tiret letter, D, to ba wrone, the ~rocesa con•iet• 1n I 

.Cincil.q tho correct latter ;to 'bo inaert~d in the P"oup -OSCU. Beter _ --.. 

- J ... 

.... 

-=-~ \_•tt..,.._ 

------:,..--:---------- ::: .·: --------==-=--=-...i..-_-------_-__ -___ _ -·--.iii 
, 

.:~- - ----- - --

REF ID:A67392 

to thl!il ez~ .. t-orroctor tabl.ijl and in 8ect1on 5, hi~'- =1 t.h 

11* we find, by folloiting \he mccea:JiV'e lett.rs C, s, and O, 

1D Section• 1.. 1 _11 and 2, res;:u1ct.ively, t.h"l.t the !1r•t. lott.er ahould 

.. {~) A•na1.n(' the aecond let.t.er, 01 w bs •ront 1 thi:t proc~duriJ in t'lndlng: 

t.b.e alssint llltttir l.n n...scu is exactly th ... ••e ae wider (!.) 11.bava 

except tn~t we noi1 111ut locat• th" aecon·i letter of the iJ'O-..ltJ1 

in Seotions ,, £, ~d ), re~p3ctivaly, ,nd then rtndins the letter 

1ll S•ct1an 2 which is at th@ 1Dter3Gcti?n ot th~ hor1sont~l lino 

IA wb.1cn li 1.s locat~d 1n &ict1on l ~d t.he nrt1clll colu::m 1r. 'lfhicll 

---th~ 8 (a 1oc:lt··:1.1 · ln- Sact!.on '' ;a !1nC. Ii blank- in the table whi~ 

in<U9ates th~t _if only one letter in the group DOSOU is wrong, it is 

iiot' the ~econd. • 

(J) 1aaua.lng tha thirc! letter, 3, to be •r:>~, th" )raosdur':J ln oorrect.ina - -

:00-C'O consists J.n find!Di that lst.ter in Section .! whicll llo.s at the 

1nter••ctlon ot the ~ertlcal lin•. det,rmtn~d b'J tollor.1.ns the 

0 . let\e.ra D oi&/in !4ct1on3 l Gild 21 reapect1TG°l¥1 11\nd the hori&ontl!il. 

line clete.ratned b:f follo¥1nr- th~ letters U and C ir. ~9ctl~na 5 and 41 

re1Jpeotivel.¥• This 1-:tt.tar is K, eh·in& DOlCU aa "i third ~sa.tbil.U1. 

(.4) Aasum1n~ th.a !our~ l~~~~r, c, to '.btt wron&, t.he prooodur~ in C;')rr.ctint JIJS..U 1.3 obv1oua. ife follo-. tha !attars D, 01 snd S in 

Sections l, ~, 'Ind ? res;>~ctiY"ul.1' 1 th:n find th.: liitttor ln Jectlor. 

•·whia~ liea at the intera~ction O! tba hori•t)I\t'lJ. lino thU9 deter-

.:a.lnett, wit!i th~ ve.rtic!\l colu11n 1n whicb U la loe1J.tod 1n SectiiJn 5. 

In this CU'l, •a find .Ill bl:mk in the tabla, wh!C!'! 1.n.J.c.:it~:s tb111i 

1! ·on-1.J 0:1~ letter in the grotlJ noscu ia wronc, it is not th• fourth. 

0) Aaauill.nt the t1!1J~ l~tter, U, to be 'llrOilfi the 11roced11r·_, ahoi'tJ thit.t. ·= ~ "ii - ';oo - _ _... .... I + • I 

. lt ehould be z~ ft1Y1ng DOSCZ GS p poso1b1lity. 

th :t. one 1a 

lhllt·at-ad •hich boat. t'ita tha cont.;..xt. Thu~u 

--~ 

I - -

• -- ·r-=cr" s-· 

.. ; ,- ........ 

I 

... 
-------- REF ID:A67392 

(1) - o s cu~ n·o s cu• 

(2) b - s C U • (No group possible) 

D 0 S C U • (3) D 0 - C U =: JJ O K 0 T1 = 

(4) D 0 B - U • (No group possibl•) 

(5) D 0 S C - : D O S C % = 

aa thu corr•ot group; yielding ~he following& 

• • • 

• • • 

• • • 

• • • 

!!.• Lt all attempts to correct. t'U 1Jrror ~l!tt>t1med to be or tht• eingleletter subetJ.tutiou. typn hnve result&d in f111.lure or doubt, the n.ext atop 1• 

to &SGUJlQ that ml error or th.It tron1'po11Ji Hon ty;m l:t involved. This 111 •.x• 

plained in detail lu p11ragr~μh 5. 

S• Ccrre4t1.ng arroro or t.lirt trana;osLtion t7tte• -.!!• A rather coznon 

error, U8\U.tll7 made in oowina. is to tr&m1vosa th~~ £111il.Shert1 of a pair or 

l•tter&J thBt is, two l&ttera, both correot, exch.rul((e poaltlons ln the group. 

Ten auoh trim.spo$1tiona ar~ po9s1bl~ 1.n ~ 5-letter group, as rollo•~: 

Type (l) - lat anu 2d 

(2) - 2d n.nd 3d 

(3) - Jd imd J,th 

(J.) - /~th Md 5th 

(5) - lsi arul )d 

(6) - 2d and 4th 

(7) - 3d and 5tll 

(S) - lat and 4th 

(9) - 2d and 5th 

(10) ·- lMt ond 5th 

. ... ,, 

J!• IJ:e table trom which ti.le code worU.a qt' thia code h'.l!vo been CQJUJtrnf!Ud 

;Ls of' each cgaragtu: tJ:l!\°t OVQtl if two let terp in n group b0C9SQ tr•HUir)O!Odp 

:lbt r9m(L\\J!s cgde a;rqvg will ngt be 1 bon!.fid9 p;;;aue nnd hag.09 .;tr!M got 01 

tound !n ~!it d&QQding s"ctLon. On the other himcl, if a eodu group u HCe1.v6d 

_,_ 

~ 

<I '

I 

l 

., 

I 

,. 

I 

I 

• 'l 

I 

. .. 

., 

I 

j 

I 

f 

"J 

I ., 

.-If 

. ' 
REF ID:A67392 -,,r:--- -1_p~----=- -- --

....... , 

----~ 

• 4. - .,. a 

cioos contain • error or this sort, tr"!ll.a;ios1n;; Ua.i ~~rir letters Ifill unco'9'9.r 

it. Tho a>r:>aadur,; in q~it!I •im}lu. The !'irat lte;> in correctlni 1irl error 1• 

to Utn.1.IDO Ui~t a lllnile-l~ttar 3Z'ror at th.tl BUb:st1tut1')r.. t7;n lo 1.nvolv~d ~d 

proco~d •• at.'lw under paragrh.m 4. If thia reaulte in trdlura, o;, .&ives a a.or11;volved, 'II.BG thd pr;,;>er tr~a~osi ti:>n ot oac:. f.¥1-i-~ sh.:>~ above, :o1.nrl aeo U' 8Xif 

o! the re111.tltlnc; arouf)• ar't 1n the dcc:>dlnc t11ect ion.. Ir oflt. is found = 11.:ted, 

with a eeaning that welt fita the context, it •"if ~ aaanm.~d to be CQrr~ct. 

•rit.ttm do-.:n,, thua1 

-==-= 

One ad mll7 oni5 ot tho rox-o;,in.;· ten l!'O'tl~S will be f OU?ld on rotorolnce to the 

error cori"~ctor t:ibl.1J, Yiz .. , the ,a:rou~ RIY.>C. t4a·.t aofllllint; of tl\1.s rr<>Ul' 1" then 

eourht. 11! the decodine; aooUon, and ii it i"lts well wit?. the tont;;'tt, •!t· be 

taken to "&a- corr1.ct. 

~. C:orreatint: other t,"pe• ot errorJ. - .J•; ·,.-1.D.ce- -all the oo(!e iJ"OUpB co~~:x:.iiiliiiiiiii 

tlll1n t1vo letter11, the oislsslon or ~dlt1•1r. of l!k l"3tter 1o st onc'll n~te~. Th11 

t1a">a of error ie llO!tt ott;;):n ciu.tt to the ruse .;rou;L~ a! t.he chir~te1·a or the 

iior:se tdet;r"-?h coda bl' th>! race1 vlnf o;i.,r:J.tor. S,- roference t~ th~ eri·or 001"-

x-eotor tl!l.ble:s !Vld to the t.1'.ble or most. c~non t..:lti&rtt.iJhic error:1, aho'lftl on i>ll• 

000 or th·1 dsc:)cliDi section,, the alljorlt7 ot such 1vblss c•.n be c~u·ructcd .. 

.,i. Ocoaalonell,y "t.t.o:1;ta to correct a glll"bled gro-.i.11 b:r '8~.J!ll.n.t; .-. 1ln.cle 

-

er1-or or the 1U.bstltut1on t7pe or mi error or the tr~s?o"1tlon 'tlPC rGl'Ult 1n 

tulur ... t.., find e au1t3ble arou~· In "1Ch: c~e.,s, i! th1t •ll\1n:!'.il)n ls u.ra;ent• 

and tt would delRJ act.tan to wnt tor a Hl"'lice =••B"C• (.,!U". 7), at.t .. ~t ahouid --

b~ aw to correct &rl sp;s>uGnt error lv" aaau;~lZ!f t.h"t t,..o l:..t.t8l"& h'lva b~en 

gvbled 1n tr:!!lsllieeion.. Tho llO~t n~tur~.1 usu:.Jt..i<lo 1!! to consider tb.1.t two 

' 

eQGuent. latt.u-a have beon ch!IJl4\?d b;' s. f-llaa grou.a>lllf or Mors.; aien~.l!!r. ~"~•int 

ton.a ttrst. threa lett.era to be correct, th'll lut two c;;.n be fOUJ!li by rt:tercnce to 

' 
- .-

\ . .:.~=---REF ID: A67 392 '.~-:-·\~ ..;.:.-~-.:. 

- .. 

t:~e 1ttbstitut1on t.;pe Lnvolvlll[' t~o e&p!l"&te\l. letter~. In uVC?J cas~, however, 

tba corr&ctlons involvlng two lettara should be regarded tJ.a t~nt~tiv~, unt.11 

•nlcint; or t.i\t) •IOJ".f;G in tf.U•ati.;>n •eritie• th~ corrc.ctione 11e.de. 

•Loned b,y th~ incorr..:::t .:mb:1ti.tuti::>n or latt.~e, b; th!J use or incorrect. ~Ph'lbeta 

and J.ncorroct 1nJ.1ci!ortt1 b;r .f:lllur!} ti.) sh.o:. a.11-m;;e.;; .L:i 11l:mi<..be~ ae·~uencas ;;h•n 

neces14117 1 .w. A proper und.erstanJ.ing o! thu uabmics or u.~ cl.,a>he:r s,st.• 

....,107ed 1• neceea"U"J tor: t.hri correct.ion o! err:.ra 1ntr~C.uc.N troll this 3GUl'ca. 

7. Service HS8~01. - In s d1.t.tloult. easi:., where tt. d1a;.a1.o: ia 80 bncU.y 

mt1l'l!ted th!lt neither the errror corr~etC)r tabl.e nor th'l tabla ot tt:.•lbtr'l.phlc 

error1 11•es m WUttrlaklllbla aecm1ng to the mt.il~ttld ais.;>~tct., or .. t.e:: doubt 

still ex\.ats "1• to th• ac~r:;.ey or 11. dt!;>~tch, soYertl grou~s or w'iich hl'l.V~ bad 

which ahould r~sult 1n disclosing errors aado in the ~rovlou~ tr:<m~lsP-ion. 

.. :..~ .. J' 

l 

! 

" 

)