TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters



# Appendix A-3: FDEP’s Summary of Chl. a Literature Pertinent to Lake Numeric Nutrient Criteria DevelopmentTSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters



### A3-1 

## Appendix A-3. FDEP’s Summary of Chl. a Literature Pertinent to Lake Numeric Nutrient Criteria Development

Table A3-1. Summary of Chl. a Literature Pertinent to Establ ishment of Protective Thresholds

Resource Chl. a Threshold Basis Citation Virginia lakes 25 μg/L as monthly average, 50 μg/L as single time maximum TAC recommendation, Delphi technique Gregory, J. 2007. Virginia Enriched Water Designation . Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.

Florida clear lakes 2 to 8 μg/L 75%ile Reference lake distribution and contour plot interpolation Tetra Tech. 2003. Development of Florida Lake Nutrient Criteria: Summary and Synthesis . Tetra Tech Inc., Fairfax, VA. 12 pp.

Minnesota lakes by region and use 3 to 5 μg/L for designated trout fisheries, 9-22 μg/L for deep lakes, 20-30 μg/L for shallow (<4.5 m) lakes Multiple lines of evidence, including regional patterns, reference lakes, fish response, lake user perception, paleolimnolgy, nuisance algal bloom and macrophyte frequency Heiskary, S. and B. Wilson. 2008. Minnesota’s approach to lake nutrient criteria development. Lake and Reservoir Management 24:282-297.

Florida colored lakes 9 to 18 μg/L 75%ile Reference lake distribution and contour plot interpolation Tetra Tech. 2003. Development of Florida Lake Nutrient Criteria: Summary and Synthesis . Tetra Tech Inc., Fairfax, VA. 12 pp. Virginia lakes Region 14 (coolwater fisheries) 25 μg/L Median chlorophyll value in lakes with Good to Excellent fisheries Gregory, J. 2010. Rulemaking Information

. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wqs/rule.html#NUT 2. Accessed January 2010. Virginia lakes Region 14 (warmwater fisheries) 60 μg/L Median chlorophyll value in lakes with Good to Excellent fisheries Gregory, J. 2010. Rulemaking Information

. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wqs/rule.html#NUT 2. Accessed January 2010 Virginia lakes Region 9 (coolwater fisheries) 25 μg/L Median chlorophyll value in lakes with Good to Excellent fisheries Gregory, J. 2010. Rulemaking Information

. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wqs/rule.html#NUT 2. Accessed January 2010 Virginia lakes Region 9 (warmwater fisheries) 35 μg/L Median chlorophyll value in lakes with Good to Excellent fisheries Gregory, J. 2010. Rulemaking Information

. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wqs/rule.html#NUT 2. Accessed January 2010TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters



### A3-2 Resource Chl. a Threshold Basis Citation Virginia lakes Region 11 (coolwater fisheries) 25 μg/L Median chlorophyll value in lakes with Good to Excellent fisheries Gregory, J. 2010. Rulemaking Information

. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wqs/rule.html#NUT 2. Accessed January 2010 Virginia lakes Region 11 (warmwater fisheries) 35 μg/L Median chlorophyll value in lakes with Good to Excellent fisheries Gregory, J. 2010. Rulemaking Information

. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wqs/rule.html#NUT 2. Accessed January 2010

Texas reservoirs with Secchi depth of 1-2 m 20-25 μg/L Recommendation based on full contact recreational users perceptions Glass, P. 2006. Development of Use Based Chlorophyll a Criteria for Recreational Use of Reservoirs . Water Environment Federation’s Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC). 13 pp. Iowa lakes 25 μg/L Nutrient Science Advisors Class A Lake Nutrient Recommendations Wilton. T. 2008. Nutrient Criteria and its Connection to Local Water Quality . Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA. http://www.iowadnr.com/water/standards/nutrie nts.html. Accessed January 2010.

Iowa lakes TMDL reduction target 33 μg/L or 7.2 μg/L as alternate (based on TSI) TSI of 65 Wilton. T. 2008. Nutrient Criteria and its Connection to Local Water Quality . Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA. http://www.iowadnr.com/water/standards/nutrie nts.html. Accessed January 2010. Maryland lakes 20 μg/L TSI of 60 to prevent excessive eutrophication Rule. T. Nutrient Criteria in Lakes and Reservoirs: Maryland's Approach . Maryland Department of the Environment, Watershed Modeling Division, Annapolis, MD. 28 pp. Maryland lakes 10 μg/L, with 30 μg/L as an instantaneous measurement TSI of 53, to prevent eutrophication Rule. T. Nutrient Criteria in Lakes and Reservoirs: Maryland's Approach . Maryland Department of the Environment, Watershed Modeling Division, Annapolis, MD. 28 pp.

North Carolina lakes and reservoirs 40 μg/L Point of departure where some lakes showed adverse response NCDENR. 2007. North Carolina Administrative Code 15A NCAC 02B .0100, .0200 and .0300 Surface Waters and Wetlands Standards

. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Raleigh, NC. 145 pp.

Alabama lakes and reservoirs Lake or reservoir specific, range from 5 to 27 μg/L Existing Condition Macindoe. J. 2006. Why Establish Nutrient Criteria for Alabama Lakes? Presentation to Tallapoosa Watershed Conference. Alabama Department of Environmental Management, Montgomery, AL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters



### A3-3 Resource Chl. a Threshold Basis Citation West Virginia Lakes 33 μg/L or 7.2 μg/L as alternate (based on TSI) TSI >65 deemed impaired, TSI = 50 potential alternate criterion based on shift from meso to eutrophic Hansen, E and M. Christ. 2003. Suggested Next Steps to Develop Nutrient Criteria for Lakes and Reservoirs in West Virginia . West Virginia Rivers Coalition, Elkins, WV. http://www.cacaponinstitute.org/lake_criteria.ht m. Accessed January 2010.

Colorado Lakes and Reservoirs <5 μg/L – direct use water supply; <6 μg/L – preserve hypolimnetic DO; 20 μg/L – bloom threshold; <25 μg/L –high quality fisheries Protect water supply, fisheries, and full contact recreation Saunders, J. 2009. Colorado Lake Nutrient Criteria - Update . Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Water Quality Control Division, Standards Unit, Denver, CO. 24 pp.

Maine Use color cutoff of 30 PCU to establish chlorophyll expectations Taylor, W. 2003. Letter from William Taylor to Dawn R. Gallagher, Commissioner, State of Maine. European lakes Chlorophyll was found to vary with lake type and geographical region, and to be naturally highest in low-altitude, very shallow, high alkalinity, and humic lake types and naturally lowest in clear, deep, and low alkalinity lakes. The results suggest that light and mineral availability are important drivers of chlorophyll concentrations in undisturbed lakes. Carvalho, L., A. Solimini, G. Phillips, M. van den Berg, O-P. Pietiläinen, A. Lyche Solheim, S. Poikane, and U. Mischke. 2008. Chlorophyll reference conditions for European lake types used for intercalibration of ecological status. Aquatic Ecology 42:203-211.

Arizona sedimentary lakes, full body contact 20-30 μg/L TSI and weight of evidence ADEQ. 2008. Narrative Nutrient Standard Implementation Procedures for Lakes and Reservoirs . Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ. 20 pp.

Lost Island Lake, IA 33 μg/L TSI of 65, approved by EPA USEPA. 2008. U.S. EPA Region 7 TMDL Review. Memo,10-24-08. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7, Kansas City, KS.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters



### A3-4 Resource Chl. a Threshold Basis Citation
Lakes Haines, Conine and May, EPA lake Region 75-36 8-17 μg/L, and 16-19 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations. Paleolimnological evidence suggests that the lowest practical restoration target for Lake Haines, and perhaps other lakes in region 75- 36, is approximately 42 μg/L limnetic total phosphorus. Whitmore, T. 2003. Water Quality Trends Associated with Algal Changes in Florida Lakes: Historic Evidence for Defining Nutrient Criteria Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 29 pp.

Florida lake Wauberg 38-48 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.

Florida lake Bonny 15-16 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.

Florida lake Haines 17-19 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.

Florida lake Conine 8-19 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.

Florida lake May 13-20 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.

Florida lake Shipp 18-29 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters



### A3-5 Resource Chl. a Threshold Basis Citation

Florida lake Lulu 14-19 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.

Florida lake Hancock 74-133 μg/L Diatom inferred predisturbance limnetic chl. a concentrations Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.