: : 

,• ~ ~ I -·:-r-. • -· 1 11 a• 1 .•,.r .. I 1 • 

. . ..... ..... , ... . 

• 

•' 

REF ID:A40335 

• I .......... 

,,. .. ,,. 

. 

·~ <;J• .. ... ,,, +.~---

!hi• :l•wa.\loa wllltea t.o CIZ'J'Ptosnp1alo appn.•tu tor auto-

•Ucnll.1' enelpbldq U4 Cleatpllenng ••-..•• 

A• otajen of' \ba ln"K"attoa ta tb8 Pl'O~•I• of • a1'7PtolftJtlt wt.t1' a keJ'bmal tflli ldP-•P894 •mal OJltl"aUaa, • 1Mmk of ta4teets.n,, 4m- or eleoba •rn•t• r. DDt1Dt- or reoartttng a. 11pbftt 

e,UOla of t!le ....... 11• tbe latte ue beSlll •••"Pb9n4, •n4 fa&' 

aoUllC • reaodllll' tbe plain-tat ld-.a •• ~ ....... 111"8 beJ.• 

4Htpbltr91 ; ant ce1'111ln cs. pllatnc •oluln1- tatal'po-4 '•twea the 

~Jiil an4 ti. ..... ot lD4lae'lne 4"1 .. or eleetJto-Mimet• for •a-

•'•~ •llalta1 .. tJae •111'1on9hlp bet .... 1lle •Hll&9 aban•teN a4 ti. 

•ti** 8Jllbola. fte 1mnti• la ,primJ"tl.J' omaaernal onl.F wtth t:ll9 

aip.~ •Clblllil• Ntwlwll '° allDWe wldoa la ot atwpte cle•lP ltu\ 

• 

•••tlllllaM J'l•ld• ~ of o-t •9U'l.tJ'• !Id• etpberl11& 

••>mt• .. lop •••• wlltcda .... 1 ia t'IMt •2'J'PtDpapb.t• 11..-& 1• tbllt 

it :lnwl-. opentlcm •laae. u.. as •• •114 '1:118 .... orntor".napida 

re•l'• a. 4epn4•' upoa a ts. tao._,~- la acaatat]7 c~ 

.,.1.,. ....... ; 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 09-30-2013 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

2 
•···I 

REF ID:A40335 

..... 

·.\ 

.. ftc. <& .-... u altenetlw ..._ f'ft oae ot t• llul• i ·_.. 

,. 

, . ; 

.. 

; 

;)," ',. . leterrtng to -:r11. 1, the prlnols-1 •1-•t• aout•' ·~:) 

te1'oal'4 1, 8 'IMIJlt Of 1n41•tlng 4a'fi•a I, a fttattng Oipbw 7 b Jte.t. . ~ 

bnetn•t:ttt •lled. • rotor a, • 41atrtwtor '• a ....... 1 ... ,. e . :i 

~ . . 

. tor pl'Odaotng ·• oljlaer ~ • • 19nuat1on-h'Ualatl• •eban1.t beNSaattu- •lled a tnulatcw I, 11114 a •titbmllZ'I f. · 

,.,. t'UD4--'81 orn\ooeph1a prtneiple ot the Pl'ff!tll\ lawnUoa 1• •• follow: J:91'bOU'4 orra,1on 1• cyclic in ohancta ent 19 

JU'f0Na4 •1tb a c~aen.ae eiailar to tbat 1n teletne opera\1on. D&ar1118 

•* oycl• or t~ openUoa, llereiu.tter J'eternt to u tbe operatlztg er.role, tbe moae1alw alpbabeta or a oomplote aP.t ot ae or mon •txet 

olp'llel' alpbabe'• ea preaaW ta a tt-4 •ctamoe, tor poMllt•al ~1oJ'­

_, tn enolpbez.nt OI' ... lplMtl'Mlll~ OAl7 one of tlae• atplla. alJltabeu, 

llo•wl', la •leoW 41idq •cl& openttng OJ'cle 8B4 the •leotloa ia 

w~t.a la nooe•l•• openH.q erol•• eeooJ'dlDC '°a Y•r'T 1oac ·~ 

tq eau.11u.ma_,, -· '° • a .... 1'"'4. 

1• ao.-plleMI P.ott.-~ u tollowa1 !lie 011n\llt& orale 18 tl•tW . .. : ~ ·.: . . :· . .. . ·. _;z ::.. ·-~ . . . . . . ~ . . . . . • , 

Q ·.ta~·-·· eqal 7'.t~ ... tenallt .,. -- Of \Jle 41a\dtnatoJi 4, UI a 

' · · 1~,,~--~ 1te ~-l~~ c~· M1111.-..> ntialll. ~117 .. or. t~ -~ · 

'· 

. . . . . . . "' ~ .. ·· · ...... · ... : ... ~·-:: .: .i.;) .. ~: ~ :"" .. ~ .. ·.:.: · ... · . •. . · .. : ~··. . . .... .. . . . .. . .. .· • • .. ·.~ 

,·;-: .-·· ·. -~•,·.•··•··or:•·a.•·::e-··W1a1eia·,._ .• .._1•i,·.--..1.ate1 •···•·~· ·. ·:·. ;···: t -~· > ·,: :5),'.·}>; ~ ;~1~ /~.":. : .\ <~':. (' i'' . . .. ;>. .\ .. • ·': ":~:_'-~':;r::;.:. " 0 •• i : ' /) ;·:; 
REF ID:A40335 

tr 1.-. 

·;~·~· 1 / 

~-·:; _.'_; ., .. : : . 

~,Iii ~l. 

~ ~·'. ,· . ~;--

k•Ybo111't 1 and bank or tsUcatlq le"fiae• 2 aeaoo1aW4 witl tba $tn s • . /;'. 

A apeotno u .. u\eml 1• Mleete4 •ttlatn •ch o-perattac ~.:lO' --- . . . :_:.:· ·;~ . 

ot the trualatol' I *1oh 1• •••olatecl •1 tla tbe 41atrtblator " . .._. Gae 

inr1'ohlaoal'4 '. ,.. u--1atenal tbat •111 be aelectecl ta ... -~ I 

wrl•• •1'Ja auo09881W opentt.Dc 01018• aaea!d.Sn.s to a ny *1.d le ~ J· 

proctuoe4 It~ ca em-•Jaeel a1plmr-DJ' •ahan1•• s. Jaoh 1ntena1 . .s11 

71•14 a 4ltterent reault tar tba ... letter. 

Tbe 'iceJ'bOard 1, ampr1a1Jtg 28 ohaftcten eq,utwlmta 'to 

tbe leti.n of tbe alpbabet, .baa a_ cor.reapon41ng nmaber or coatactl of' 

•hie\ onl7 no are ah011D J.?a nt 10 and 11 1 col"ftapon41ng to ·the letter• 

fo'l"ll o'f glow 181lpa whicb. are illuainaW when current paaaea tbroqgh 

t~• bu't a pref'erred abod:lae:nt 1a to haft the 1ndicattng deTicea take tile 

tom ot eleotro-rapeta or aoleaotda •?d.oh opera-.. t.be k•Y• ot a neontng tnewrtter, ao that a prln.'84 recol'Cl of the enciphered or 4eo1phered 

meaange •1 be Ede. 

Tbe rotor 3 1• a clpher-cam:mtator wheel ot tol'll now ve1: 

kno1'1l 111 the crntoGrapl&ia art. I• 1• mounte4 on a rotaubl• nan u. · 

rtgb.t-b.aad atatoi- 141 each proT1de4 wltla a ring ot ae 1Nlll•ltn.ri118 ua 

aprtns: ~taeta IDR1ate4 f'.Na •• another and._ uer•tna a alight p~U.U.· 

epinat ti» tao• or l'O•r 3. A •tor u, 4rawtng power trm llOll1"m 94', 

4:r1 T•• '• •haft 11 aa4 'Ima the :ro tur a at a oaaatut apeet -~· U., . . 
REF ID:A40335 

atator 13 and 14. ~e rotor ia made ot 'bakelite or •11111.ar iDmlating 

' •terial u4 aou1et• ot two taoea, a 1ett-'ban4 taee and a rlght-lmll4 . taee·:~· ·'-8• 'beutng a 1'1ag ot 28 oontaot am'f'aeea J. 1 B1 c, • • • z, 

eqa141atantl1' •Plloecl troa oae another .o1:roumteNJitlall1 • the outu face. 

I11aal11tet conductora Jlll••1D& through tbe rotor ao11119at the 28 ecmtaot 

aurtaoea of th• left faae to \boae of '\Jae right· taoe 1 in a •nm-i- •hlob 1• 

taee 

:rec1p:rooal in :pain. !'!lat 1•, it A on· '118 latt/1• aonneote4 to J: on the . . I 

right taoe, tma % on tba 111tt tace 1• ecmneote4 to A on the right tAs.e.: • . . 

:rela_t1oneb.ip ia obtained wUhou"t ar.eotal awitching nJTaD@'mHnta theref"ol""• .. 

TU 41.•tri'bu\02" 4 conaista ot a set ot 2& equal-area aeg-

•n.ta or contact anrntcea 15, 1 ·:eulated tram one another and diatribute4 

01rcumrerenUall7 on the tace ot \he diatrtbutor. A. bruu a:na 18 1 oa 

t.be aae ahatt 12 ea t~:• rotor 31 neepa onr t.hll face ot the cl1atributa 

4 at a coaa\On.t ro.te ot apeecl •nohronoua •1th that ot tu rotor s. Tm 

J'Otor 3 and bru.ah arm 16 are keyed to tbe ahitn 12 80 that th••• t•o e1eacd cannot be angular~ cl1aplacecl relat1w to each 0th.fir, 4ue ta •11ppege 

on the ahett. An'Bnp•nta 187 be •4•, ho•wr, to cheap tm relatlw 

aqnlar poa!Uona ot tbe rota%' ar.4 the llrullh am it 4••1red. lh"aa~ arm 16 

tel'lllnate• ·t:n a bruah '13 'llh1 eb sweep• Mer 4htril'illtar •fPl8nta lS aid 

eet111tlS.llliea .,..llta"17 ccmtect w1 th .,acb. or th• lattar 8-ee••lYe~. DlaVi1Nt0%' •9'1811'• 15 are ·oonneote4 to tbe right-b8a4 •'t ot tenataala ft 

of llW1'4:thboar4 7 1tr a aet ot conductor. 1'11 ot which oal.J' fl h• an abowa. 

IS 

\ 
REF ID:A40335 

The oa-•beol etphel"-k•J' mechalli• 5 pre>Tldee a long olpber ke1' 

tor ornt.-,pld.o paopoaea. It con.tat• ot rtw or a lllll~tpl• ot tlw 

oa•1'eu'inc wbttela 21. 22. m. 24, 28 ot cHtterent 41setera. 'file 

periJtlleiT of eaa!a wbeel 1• 4l"l'f4ecl up 1Dto eqllal •-•ta to wbioh Pl'O-. 

Jeei!nc luge 8a"Y1Dg to eat aa .... •1' lie attaeJte4 OJ' into w!dell ._ _,. 

'be ID..ne4 ; \lie mailer• ot ._.nt• oa. t;he ditteZ'eJlt •heel• a:i. ]ll'de~ 

a'bl7 ·~ime to one tm0theZ'. l'or example, wlleel 21 •J' Jlaw. 100 .._., •• 

wheel tt :ay haft It, Wheel 2s •7 haw 99, wheel 2t •1 haw 11, ad wbeel 

26 •Y bl!.Te 89. JP1.n4 to theae wheel• are nteheta ae, 2?, 289 291 30. 

I 

ae.-nte in tbe ..,.bearing wheel with wh1eh tbe :ratchet 1a aaaoa taW. 

Pawle 31., 32, 33, 34, :!5 on a :rocker 8l"Dl 36, which 1a operatacl b1' mgnet• 

Sf. 88,.dJ'ive ._ _..'beartnc wbeela 1c 11. atepwtae •mier, under aontrol 

ot ~,· ~•rael lMll' kaJl-board cqn.tect 39 tbrouah power aource 40. aach tim /l . a k9'.1• depreuecl 1"00keral'il: 36 and the pa~l• 31 to 35 aernt to etep wheel• 

'.;i" . 11,:,~ "5 1"o.rari one 1niervol. 7.be cmraa on the per1pher1ea o"t the cam-

-/',).. 

harinef"·•h••l• 21 to 28 OOll'b'ol con.tac\ lner• 41, 42, 43, 44. 45 and the 1.-;'. ;'; I _/ ¥~ OJl'!l"ate aantaeta naeociated 'llere•1 th, 141, 142, l~, 144, aml 14&. 

/ , .. Ht wt~ be 11114ernooct tba• -the •111t1nte on t!Mt JMll'iplwJ'7 ot each wheel 21 , .. : r.,r\ . . 

. t~ ~ mootll ml'h•• noept •bar• a c1111 1• ln.•necl la or amzea to 

L ~ . . ./the ••~at aJMl each wheel D7 !llft a o-. in•rted 111 8111' llmbel' ot the / 

I ·"'' 

/ .i•lottlli!I . .._nta. Ccmtao\ lewr• 41 to 45 an therefore nlaticl and 'theli- .r Ii rr 

' : I '• 

'r\e.eeoe~W aontaau 1'1 to US are e1oee4 oalJ when •- an pre-W I ' .. ", • • £• for ..,. ti. _.. -at at ti. ·-i. n to 111. ...--.. 

.,,.~: .~t~t l8Yen "1 to 415 '1'1U 'be operated in peiwatattw pog~S.nga 

I ;, 

. I ~ . . 1 .. /J. 

.. :{'t'' >1 r:: . .'.,.~,, ,. l . ,. _;.~· ·; 

• 
' REF ID:A40335 ' . 

IO filla" all 32 -,o••ible Jaudot-aode aoab1mtlona _, be •' \IP;. b1 tlle 

ooataota 141 to 146, t• bfiq PUIJO••• CGntaata 141 to 1'5 an 

oonneeW to oon4actm;oa 4:6 to eo u4 eontrol •P•ta 51 to ee, the 

tuaotioa of whloll "111 b• 4eaar1'be4 pn..atl.1'. lfow •lace the ..._ 

·::· 

bearing neela 21 'to 25 are ot d itterent 4S.em.etna nl tbef .•~/ nep 

torwr4 om etep tor each 4epreuion ot a key on the keJl-boU'6J "l, tt 

,... •beel• are 1D1 Uall.7 al1gne4 at a boa h •rt ao aa to aonet1P.OD4 

to 11 eipher ke1, tllla 1n.1t1al allg:amat Will ractv onlJ' attei- 100 z 

91 x 9'1 z 91 z 8G or 'l,'lff ,469,700 letters llaw beea enotJ)IH'M (or 

cleatp!Mtrecl ) • Thu• a cl:pher ke7 ot grea• leng"1l 1• aed.e Rft$.lable tor 

OZ"J'Ptog?'aphi c purpoaea. 

bara 81 to 115 which are normally held in poai tion by the r9tracttle 

apringe 58 to eo. The tranalstor bars are •lo1itad aoeordlng to t!le 

nq_uirementa ot the sauctot; or 5-Wlit printing telagreph code, so tbllt; 

32 dttreront alipmenta or alota •7 he preaented to a ••" ot ~2 atunt 

ban labeled sa. Olll.J one atat 'bar ean 4rop into a specific alignment 

of alota And when thta occurs a contact aaaoaieted with the aelac'84 

etmat bar 1• cloMct. S"everal ot theae ooataota are ehon at ff, it 

being obTiou• '\!lat then are 32 eueh contac\a ln all. T!aeae contact• 

&7 are.connectect to oonciactora ea wh1oh l.e•4 to the .. , Of II teabal• 

69 ot 1111ltellboa1'4 '· 

It will aaw beooma olmi- tut tbe ae .. vheel clpher-o~ 

•cbaAia e aenea aerel.7 to aele-a1i ne out or 38 oirculta leading 

' 
REF ID:A40335 

ta 'he W.mlllal• 69 ot Pl teh'boU'I! ' 8114 tJJa t thia •leatlon,. Mlq 

q,ui te ftrlable an4 ctepe.111Ung apon tlle au.oce••1• pe:imta'1oaa at up 

bJ tlMt eam-whHl •oha.Dl• &, tlm• pro4uoe• • lcma, ftl"iable •t••• 

ot kt111ng ciroutta ooneapdlng to teJtng ohvaotera a.cl 11en111.attei: 

:retene4 to a• tbe nn.nc •qmnoe. 

!he SI tendnal• et ot awt tollboard ' an aonnea~ to 

a oorn.,omt.111& maber of tlezible oonduotora ?O, aad t:ba llitter 

temina'• in Jacka, a1ch •J' he inae:nect lnto plug• n ooueowtl 

to tttrminala fl OJI tbe other a14• ot awt tobboard f. 'J.'bere are but 28 

auoh plup '11 am eaoh ot 'them bu a pdr ot hole• for :rece1T1ng Jacka, 

'but on.17 aiz of the• 4ouble-Jaole plup wUl ba"Ye 'both bole• oocu.piel 

'b7 jaake. BJ' thi• U'1"8Dgeme11t tbe 32 J>O&•ibl• reaultant k971.ag alrcl.11 ta 

set up by translator 8 are re4uce4 to 261 ot which siz will be "4oubleetteota " , tbat la, 1n eix case• t•ie •• keying alJaracter my be nroucht 

about 'by iWO 4if'terent B&Udot tJP.l'mUtationa 88°' up b;y ~be tranala tor 8. 

~ich aix keying oi:rau1te theae Will tMt depend• upon the war in wb1ch 

tbe tlezibla conductor_. '10 are conneetad to plugs ?l a:t BDJ given ti•. 

It •111 be aeen late~ t· ·at JlO ambigul t7 1a occu1.oned 'b.;· the preeen.ce or 

a keying alrcui t which 1• ot the doable-et:t'eat type. 

~'till reterrtng ~o ?if!• 1, the el•etr1cal cu•c·.!U tor 

crypto'!rsphie tunctiontng will no• be cleacribe4. It •ill be Hen 'that the 

circu1 t f'rGll po•er aoarae 18 to the te7board 1 mast p&•a t'l'lroU@ll coatact 

19, •blah la controlled by u1n r~lllJ e. Beaoe, 4epnA10D o~ Bll7 key 

o"t te)"boarct 1 durlllf' the ti• acmtact 19 ~Sn• open will produce no 

etteat •lD• ao power 1• being d•l1Tere4 to the Jnayboard 1 an4 hu.oe no 

8 
REF ID:A40335 

c1rca1t to the bank or 1Dd1aettng d.encea 2 1• eatabliehed. Let ua -

now· upon •bat cir01matance aloaure ot amtact 19 depencla; . ln other word•• 

let ua ·•e wll.811 •1D relar 8 •111 be en•1"81ze4. tat a.a aonatder a apec1t14 

operat:lng qale .! la the long aequence ot operating c70lea !. • DQ1"1ng 

thi• operating cycle braah azm 18 ot distributor 4 •111 1111ke a c0mplete 

rewlu.Uon and a COrNQOD41ag ccmplete revoluUcm ot the ctph•r GGllLmutator or rotor :s, will take place. Thi• opentini 0701• z .ma7 be - . 

regar•ec1 as being d11'1ded. up 1n11o 26 equal ttme-tntenala of .ff!'J' ahort 

cluntioll, eech aorreeJ!Ondtng to a apec1t1o anauJ.,ar poe11:1on of the braall 

arm 16 and or rotor 3 in t.be c ircurateru.cea through which these two 

element• are in motton. The a1:roui t tor relr.r 8 includes bnah '31 

brush am 16, and one ot tu 26 aepenta 15 ot d:!.stl'ibutor 4. ·;·htch ot 

the 2& ae~nta U5 ot d1st~ibutor 4 will be "aliire" , that ia, connected 

to power source 20 ~uring operating cycle ~ depends upon t3e wtrlia at 

ni tcb.boerd 7 and upon the particular contact ot tite SAt of" :32 contact• 

6'1 which hap~ena i~ be closed d~1ng operetine; c~cle z. '!'ha lettor de- -

lator bnrs el to 86 ot translator e, ond this depend• in turn upon the 

apeo1t1c position end composition. (11• reprda CUllJ) of' the ca~wheel cipherkey mechanism 5. tat ua easume tbat .cJurtne; thi• apecitia operettng cyal• 

z the aopan.t designated ?• 1n 11'1g. 1 is the 011• which i• "alh'•"• A -

oi.rcu.1 '& ia conapletP.4 aa tollowe: pawn aouree ao, ecmducwr 75• •1D relay 

a, conductor '1&, anmtum " end back aontaot ?8 ot NlaJ' 9, aolldutoi-

'19, 'bruh arm 16 an4 bN•h '15 of di•t:ributor 4 ; the t»ruah then betas • . . 

118111911t 74 the current ooatiauee throug)I. ...... , 'M, conductor 80,- to 

one ot the contact• 72 or aw1\cbboe:rd '• ad '!Mince thraugh the nltoh-

'boa:r4 along one ot the tlaible aoaductora 90 to Oll9 of the contacu at 

I 
I 

l 

I 

; 

I 

~ ... \. 

REF ID:A40335 

on the other a1c1e at the switchboard, then.ae along one or the ccmducton 

68 ao tbat one or the contacts 8? wb1ch 1• cloae4 lt1' tbe Hleotecl atat 

ba:r 86 of tranalatO?' 6, tinallT along COl!lllOD retU1"11 collductor 811 baclc 

to power source 20. !tela:r 8 is energ1Zflld et tba instant tbat brudl 'IS 

1a passing OTl9r 11Te 8881J18Dt '14, end since rotor a rewlw• •JDchronoulJ' 

•i th brush arm 10, the an~ular posi Uon of rot.or 3 wt th respect to 1 ta 

stators 13 and 14 corresponds to tba &ll@Ular pos1 tion ot bl"J.ah arm 16 

at that 1nst~nt. Thft ciph-.r r•sa.lt~nt produced by dei>1'8sa1ng a key on 

ke7-b0Azd 1 •ill be determined by the anguL~r :position ot rotor 3. T.De 

reeson tor this ia that since rotor 3 ~as 26 ct;ber1ng positions each 

yielding a completa]lr different set ot cipher res:iltants f'or tbe 21 

character keys of keyboard l, the specit"ic cipber reaultent tor a apecitia 

keyboard che.r~cter enaiphttred •1 thi_n a speci:tic operating c7cle ~ 4ependa 

upon the apecitic aeP,1D9nt of distributor 4 which is al1"9 during that cycle. 

Th4' eireui t through t~e '~~board l, the rotor ~ rm'.:! ~he bP..r.k ot 

indicating deYicea 2 will now be described. \'!'hen a kPy 10 corl"9.sponding 

to the letter "~" is depressed during operating c7cle .!.• nothin~ ~appe:s 

until brash '13 reaches ae@!llent '14 or. distribntor 4, for t;he keyboard 

remains "dead• atil tblrt moment. Tbe instant t~at rele7 a is energized, 

current is deliwred from power source 18 throu~h closed contact 19 and 

armature 82 ot rela7 B, along conductor 83 to the acmtacta ot kqboard 1. 

Since COlltact 10 ia closed, the au.1'rent aontinuaa along conductor 84 to 

a COJ1.ta~t on stator 131 thence throug!i the :rotor S, which ia at t!lat instant ~ 

in an u~lar poai t1011 aoneapon41ng to tbat of bnah am lit to a conatut 

10 
REF ID:A40335 

• 1• 11.pt •taior 14. tbm• al0q IOlll!•tDI' If co l&ll•tS .. lnl• 

OI' mleao14 aa, ftlall aon-IJIOll(• f I• 'Cid• n .. n) to lett• ~ • · 

tllmae along ...... _. IO '""gta •law ao'1ns NJai' '• ftali~ ai.s 

eoDll,etal' 11 'llllot m ,_.. llOal'ee 11. 801-14 • I• eot:a•W4 

,I 

(al' 1: lallpa AN .... a ~P ts lltthtel) to lall•te tbe dp'lln 

hr.al tant mq• tor lllUa-tat. la'tel' "I" • 

lllllll dolwaetlal nle1 I l• __.cs,_. '218 atraa1 t tor mSa 

•1117 I la lanba •t 91 •!:ea amaiwe n la •Ub4!"1la. \ ••!la•SeallJ' 

CIOfttNlW trt.p • ....... 1e91' '' 1114 l:Dlda t.• ._,. hoa eaataet 

?a aa:Ul t.htt 3.i.Te:r•l bU' on ··~1"1 1 ·r•ta&na to nONB11'bli tlla 

b7 le rolnMll, '8bftnapo11 lewzi 9' 1• allowcl to tall baalr Anl oi... 

to _.., ntebet• 18 'to IO ad ad:naol.v. _..1-1r1ns •heel• 21 to • 

- ••P to:nBl"d to tb8 nat JD•ltlma, aa'StiJll ap n •• 8'PllD11 ,_....._ 

Hm or eoataeti-Jawn Q. "° •, •••td•ta4 armtaeu 1'1 •o 18, 11111 

..... ,. Dl to II. .l ... 'lmJ'lllC ollBftetel' 1• tl1u em'ltltabd 'bJ' tnalatol' I ud tD ~·'- 1• now n• tor ,. a.-t opentln& •rel•• ... 

if '1111 - a. la .. ,..._. oa ti.ta ..,,.._. Ula -.at•Jat pmk•I at 

........ •t 11141•UDS .... ,_ •Ill ... 4lt.t.nat. •1•• .. ..,_ 

•Mn•ttll' llaPJlll• aeo14ea'8ll7 to•• tJll -- u 11eton. COlltlntl · 

:. 

u 
, . ... 

. . ; .. ":. . . . -:: '-1•·.1 •• : i 

, I',· ·: / 

REF ID:A40335 

. '//..f.•.;·. • ~ • r •{ "ii! ' t ./. :•·: .--~~~{ .. ) . . . 

/ de]liteula of. \be Rme key •111 pl'Obn a wrJ1111 •11.•n• or equlwlenu ~ ,./.. . :. . . 

. ~8,POa4;... Sa ~ngt)l •1 \h ·the lencth ot ULe nJ'f.llfi •et••• prcduael '· .• 

Slnce ta eorme-.,.lou within the rotor s uie reotproeal 

1• pa11'a1 •• ezplatH4. the 4eotp11.ement ot a •••P tetea pla• 111' 

Nse,tlq: tlto _wheel• or e--neel meohanl• 5 to 'he 1n1Ual k'e1 pod-

\loil', an4 ~perattaa the ltqboerd 1 to eo:rre•pcm4 •Uh tbe etpmr letten •. 

whefreupon tbe plata-ten •Qaiftlent• •111 ,,. produaecl at the bllDk or 

&Gin~_ 1.ena ta ~Elab., hoa"r• that tt several meaua .. ere ea.ciphora4 

.,,. ~h• ~ DJin.g eequence they will be 1a ihe - aerie• Of cipher 

....... 

el.jiaabeia, u4 in Wa oase tht1re ez1ata a poaa1'b111ty ot a solution bJ' . . 

' Ol'fp"teualT'~O prooeaqn. To explain w~t ta aoant 1tJ' theae stateaeni• 

it,": 1a iaeoea&1U7 to aall a\tention to the tact '~' 'be elpher oc:m.nator j :·_; .: __ J·.. • • • 

a· pro~1tn a •t ot II olpbe.r alphabeta al14 t.ha't beelcallJ' tbe. erntogra~ . ,. , ·-.pr1~p1e . . ot the a711t• •• 4esortbe4 1• o.iae 1A which '&~· 1~1Tl4- • ' ,j I ; • • • 

al ~'9be·t.a ot thta "' · ot II o1f]ler alphabet• ore bi-ought into plq_ .. ,.;JI ... ~. . ~ . . •. . . . . . . . \ ·,u ')/l · i.._ • ) • • • • • • • 

1~Aife~•r: .. ~~~ b7. tbe kepq •Cl•••ce •• , up ,, th~ · ~~i:-·ia_. 

~~:.:~.:'~ .. -~~ w ·cou.Sdel' Ual• teJ1.ng .eequence ta .l>e ~uo!I. .~:t tot 

'o/,;, 1•, : '/ • 0 • , 0 I 

· 1 '<l • I ••• I ., ' . • 

•. "fTt·!';-7~.~·-~~GJ Oil t~ •--wlaHl• the t1rat IO alphabet• to _be 

··.$(it ·,· ; . : . . . ·-~~·.: · -.L·t .,_ : ! - ·· 11 . 

. ·:~-.;~: i! '\S : :, .. ~··_... . . . ....... ··~~~: .. ·.~··· ':_-. : .·. . . 

,Ji:;~--~~,~!,,;:::·_--:, ;;r :· _:··~: ... ; .... . . . : · .. · .. · . .. .. · ..... 

; • • ~ •,·.,•':,:. ::r•' .:; ~:·• 

. < . . ... ,. :~ ... . .. .. . . . .. ,· .. 

~ . 

• .r .". 

·. ::· 
REF ID : A4.0 33.5 

\l'Oaglat Sato plQ an alplul'be\ n•'ben 11, '• 11. 11·, 11. I, 181 111 

11, 11 11 181 II, 9, 11, 191 •• 11 181 Me ... It •WN.1 ••1881• 

•tut wt.U& Qe - lnlUal .. "llaed ae'\illg1 tlMI R••••tw let'9n 

ot all *• -~·. wf.11 .,. la ti. - •tua• ot otpMr •lt>Jaallet~. 

u4 tlMtnfon ti. 9f!wnl •uage• _,. lae apel"Slapoae4 1 11•14lag •lama 

of lettera ntoll an mlpJla'bette la ._,odtl•• Ol'1 ewa St t1Mt . 

- ..... llo not aterl at -•t17 tlMt - polat la • ~ •fl•••• 

lRlt porU•a of '118• ........ OYRlllp - -tllar With ~e.,.at to , .. 

b:rl.118 •qaenae, tllilll tll9 crrerlapp1Jas pol'ttOM wlalell ... b tlae ._ 

alplla.laeta, ..-, l»e •••el.lllO*• POI' ...,i., utac a. - •t••-

ot alJmbet ambers •n,lone4 at.ne, •PPD• a tin' •••• beslu 

wttll alphabet armber 16, a •aolld •••-· wtt• alpbabet 41 a third. 

one, •1th alpbaltet 191 aml • a, l• la •zre.17 U•UllZ'J to eMtt t!ll 

•oomt •••P one let;ta to t1le l't&ht ot U. tin•, alllft the tbl~ 

•nee- oae l•itn to tbe right of $he •0084, u4 tllea all tbree ---· 

1'111 'be properl.7 aup.,rtapoll84 with :reapeat to t;Jaa k9)1.ag •qmaee; tllll 

lettera In aoluma an aow ta 'ha .. olplaer alpllabeta, a:n4 tlae aeeeag• 

ue meept1'111l9 of •la'l• bJ' maoal.pllabetle prinotpl••· !b9 '"JIR 

potau tor •'91"illpo91'1cm a• be .. oenatae4 ewa ntJaoat • ~ow1.aae 

of t:tae partial.er keJ M\tbp for tJaeae •me• ...... , tl'W. a letall.81 

•WJ' ot "8 npetltto• 'betw.- •UBP•• I' la •••lla'J1 tllenfoa. 

~ . I• Ol"t.er to.ot.nunut tlli.a JOut•su- of RJ8li11PO•bc ....... • 

pu1e tlaenot ~ tllat ~.w111 •.ta tJae - keylllg •.-a• .. to Jllpot 

a ..,..papJll• ---to '119 ...... • u to ••a'-T~ •*• ozt 

~~ -.~~~,1~ ~,-... ,"t11a .-a..··no11Mw~t or ueu1a1 • o ~.:":·:: • '• • • ~· I·-.., • • ' ' ' • :: • ~ ,• • • ' ' 

-~ )7 -U-tl~~ ~ii of alplla .. ~•.• . · · I ' •.' I• : ,• .. ~ o • o o 

.· . .-:. )>: :.': · ... ,, •;: .. : ~~·~ :· .. · ..... · ...... !"-!.. ... .. 

""i .· . -~ .·· ~·;. . •, ·:: . . .·.ii.. .. ": .: : .. . · .. ):'.~> .. ~ .~·· ... . ··:c : . 

.. · •. : i .•• "'· 

. 

.. ~ . , 

....... All -

.• 

.. - .. : ·. ...· -' ... ... 

• ' • o I. ~: -~· .. :~~-.. . . : :·. ·.· .. '!~· .... .. 

. · .. ··. ·• : 

'·· i 

.. ·.; :~· 

: : . ·:~­

. ~=.: ·.· . . 
.. ;.. 

REF ID:A40335 

Kea'lllml• tor aaocapllulaa W• la a!loa ta rsa. a. BIN 

t1w al'latt 121 eani•• anenl olp!ia -tato:n _. zrotora, la, · 

a, la, 14, ul ... !bl• mtora ue •JU'SW ,. ... uou.alt7 ataton 112, m, UM, 12D1 •ah oen71Ds rbp of acmtaata • 

botb taaea, to PJ."0~4e tor ematt.•1 'J' ot eS1"01ll t frcm one l'Otol' into 

. Ue aest. ft• ecm•ot• ID tlle• atatan, • ae '1aa• ta ataton D 

u4 U, alNaq 4eaol1.lael, · U'8 '8ll·'bearllt8 apn .. ocmtaat• ma •~. 

Jft• aaalaat t.1le zoton .,. u to Jloll •ell l'Otu lD pla•, u4 ·keep 

t 1: hGa l'Otatlng on t1Mt 811att 12, naept ..._ ntato~ •tloa 1• :m-

. ,U.W to 111tr •alUI lo be leaatbell. n. :perlJlau'r of each rotor . . . 

la to Se ••n a aollu 211 la whloll U P• teetJa i.w been out • 

u to engqe. with par wheel.8 113 an4 IH. whtall oe acnmtacl Oil allltt 12, 

the latte ao• aornapoadtns '° abaft ·~_..or ftg. 1. · Gear wbeela au 

.•114 21• can be 1Dt1epell4ent)7 alid alct~• al.mag the ahatt 12 an4 n794 

ln'o poatt1ma on tbe amt,, by .... ~' al:Dlm, ao u to enaaae the 

tootbld aollarli ot IUl7 two of' i!ut ttw l"Oton la to le, at tbe Will~ 

tbe operator. Gear wheel• 21S 1m4 114 baw 28 teetll 8114 .tbat.r pltab 

··1• t'be ... .. ._. m tm coliara ot l'Oto2'• k an4 lfl, m tbat tile 

mot1::>n lmpartecl to a l'OtoJo ~ Wbe•l 11.S or •heel 21• la a 1:1 41-lw. 

!'119 a11an ia ta Z'Otate4 1a7 •tor 18, u. l• ftg. 1 r tile 4l•~rlbutol' 6 

· ot 1'11· I l• tllll cllatrtbutoza alldlllrl.7 aabere4 ta fta· 1, wltll tbe 

k'uh •I'll u u1 bzwdl n. ftu, tamal ot lrtTtaa om :rotor a, •• 

l• rig. 1. ,, • .,tor ..... abaft 11 •J' drift aq tw ot '118 tlw l:tffmi.: ~ 

.. 

. • 

. . eat rot.or• la to a.. fte f'lmatlon or. tbe 4lavlbator ' ma4 lanala am 

14, la aow tJae - aa 4HOl'11M4 la OOlllleOti• wl 'Ul ftl• 1 1 lnlt tll8 

l'Otfnt that •111 be aaaoela\84 •1th '1le• •J.emata la DOW ~\11»1• 

ot.wrtab111'7• 

. · ..:·· . 

... 

.·.: 

I . 

~ .. : ___ _;__..:....-_._;.~-..;..._..---".-....AO" ............ ~---· ..... ...; ___ ·- .:.:---..__--=-_.._· .. :_ ... _, ___ . ·---..:---.··-- - . ·.t ~ 

. . 

.. 
REF ID:A40335 

Tiie nton Ill. to :S. •• to M •t \o a b~i br ·aupsilg 'lie .... . . .. 

letten cm tJaell' petpanea at a Ma4 .uola. ss- '"" ue n . . . 

ln41~41181 ntatoq plld '1•• ot •ela '°'° a:9 tJae ..wt, tllen ue · 

-8 4S.~aat l~tl~l •1itll8• ~t tbe• Ntna. •*..:... •tU111 JN-

~lbg a lltfRat •t ot II Jatb8 tn tM ,.. ... of eleotde _.;rest• 

flt.a .. 1111"°81'11to.1Mmt ot •lltOV. ......... ·11:n11tta . . 

of •l.ao14a I aN 8Jlo• ilap nti~ la J'S&• a. la tJd• tlguw 

stator• ~ ~ 149 a4 l'Otar• Is, to 15,! ooneapoat to ti. •bdlar~ 

4••1P•te4 atatora an4 l'Dtn~ ot J'tg. a •. na tawnal •tl'l•s• ot 

n'&on SS, '!.- B.!,t Ml IJ. ue ao' reotproa~ 111 palre, u l• •• 

ea• wttla tJai9 •1D&1e J'O\or I ot J'lg. 1 1 1nat ure all nnl• oomaeotSrma. 

!lie zirowr a. la, ho9nd', 41ttanat ID 1 u eoaamotloa tna ,. ot!le• - . zroton. ill t!lat U ba• a ring ot oontao\a on on~ om flloe ea4 tbe• 

ooataet• an lnt•zieo-oW 1D pairs. Tim• rowr 19 ••rw. u • meena - tor nTeralnc a aunenti aomlDS lato ~ •' ot rotor• troa a aontan la 

atator lS, pa.aatng throgp ro'°r• 1;!1 S}, la_. =!.- u4 •ll41ng ~ t beak 

tllroag!a roton I!. I.!- 'Y. w uotb.er eontaot in etatol' 15. . Statol' 

1' no• ae:nee no eleevtoal racttoa bvt •:ntlJ' •• • MObmdoal lleallle 

against w~eJl. rotor f!. pre•••. "R•l.aJ' a. ecmteet 111 al'Jlll'1an 811 ml 

'bette17 18 tlOl'J"eapoad to atatlarlJ' 4ea1paW4 el-•'• ot 'ft&· 1. ftil 

n1a ot '119 DJ'\Oud 1 ao• aerft a 4oa111• hlaotl• iuteal ot a a:lJ[rgle . . 

taaetloa •• ta .rte. 1. Jach DJ" Optl"llh• a l•wr whlo:b OJ8D8 •. GQlltaot 

. . 

ana elo•li. aother. ror laetaaoe, nn tu B Jrq 1• 4epnaRI ~~ot 

. . 

l•wr 10 I• •ttlldawn ftma eoaaot 111 ••• .na oontaa• at 111~ a.a 

.. .. .:· :: .... . . 

JI .• 

. . . . .-~_· .. ·.:>~_: ... /~; /. . •. ........ . -.. . . ..... . . . . ~ l .~ ..•• J. ..... . .... :~ . ·· .. "'. .· -· :.:. : .... . 

-~~~;~·:~:-~,2~~~.~.: ;~·--~~~·,_·; .. ~: . .".:._ ~-~~i~.~;~:~·~~:~.~ --~- :·.~-- .. ~--···- .. : ______ -~~-·---~ ·::·~~;__;·~ .. ~'.~ -......... . 

; 

.. 

i 

. -~· 

.': 
f. 

·. 

..... ~ 

i I 

. ~ =· 

. I 

• 

REF ID:A40335 

.., 

•. '1<.. 

as, ecm:~ot 1111 lewll' 10. ecm4Qc1iOI' ~to a oontaot llti ia atatv 13, 

: tllnae th:'oalh tDa aton aa4 'b•ek w a:ao\MI' eaa1iaot ~]8~111 •tator 11 . ~-

'Ulenoe al.on« ooad•.._...•~ le'Y9 11, ooa1iaet. ll.3, 901.H.014 -·'4.'', be.4* 

· to ba tt .. ry J8. soi.oil ·~· 1• •o"uate4 anl t'.be •lpliel" re•ul tct ot 

B 1• I.I.• X. 4••1fb91'bg1 ·aamat.aa tbat 1i'he rotcu .. arl!J in t:1e lden.tiaal 

JO•Ula t'lie7 Wttl9 Jn.wha enG1,PhPrlD1 (tlle o1plY i- !:a/ aeinr t.39 a!1119), 

on 48i1N8&1ng t?le ~ bJ' of \l\e 'key .. oard 1 t wlU be .... thR t t:te followlllf re•iJl'OC!'ll deal)IMtJ'Sni oiroul 1i 1• eataltllne• : 

8114 •olr thr.:>Qfdl \he roton ~ oontect m, ooaduc~ 8', le"lt:.:r 10, 

eoaaet· 111. aoluo:l.4 •• I lMack to ba1iMl'J· 'lllU, \hit plaia-te::r.\ nllGltaa't ot :, l• ~. Ia tbl• mnrLer a nei11roe• .. l eo1p~ri~·4•cip.Ji\rtag relattoaulp S G rea411y eat1:bli•1".e~. 

. . 

.,..""' Aft.for t"tie 1n+.rod11cttaa of th• fOJ"Rf.OS. taatuma. TM DJ ,_ 

a •• ...,. wtl1 !109 eoutst ot 1.'11!1 tollolrln« e1-t• 1 

(l, · 'rb9 0Cl:l\10•1t1on of' 1.U - WbMla fll Ct11Bt 1•• '118 

... .. · P6•1 t.toa1 ot ._..e_. oa t;b.e •1.wela) ena their lnl t.1al •'\ina or 

ai-..ri.t at B bonoh ark; tu eoueo.tiou at •tkhlloprd: '· 

(I) !be oa:>011lH• at tU TOtol'll1 tbat 1• tmtl' la~ 

wtrlnp; "9 relatiw oriel' of ~tDtoa If., ~ I.! u4 &! on 'he 

··"· 11114 the tnl:U.al' •ttlng or •lti ., ot au tile rotor•., • 

bench •ft· · 

(S) Tbe rotora Die' G'll Mleetet tor •lll'flt.•ent wl\.b 

••• •heel.a 112 ian4 '"· 

... 
'· 

. " 

REF ID:A40335 

n 1Moama ol»~ou· "that ewa lt t.wo -·•ae• .. 14ntl'!81, . 

latte• tor let'81'1 nu ft tllaT. 1tegia at ua.u, tlie - -~•' S. the . . .· 

1m7D8 _ ........ )U"0411Ge4 11J' tlla C• 'wheel w1•17, •4 ewa lt gm . ••1 ipJ 1• ...... wtO. tbe -- J'0'°191 80 loDC U tlle •ttl .. Of 'Im . . . . . . .. 

rotor• la to la • •Wt 121 l• llttemt 1t7 at 1-t. - · 1etMI' tOI' · · - - . . . .I' • ',, . ~ -

l · tblt• two • ...,.., o• • 1cmc aa eS.,JIO ot pu •heel.8 W a4 .Ii' ta I• • • 

._.,. '° '.dw 4tfh~t zotara, tlle •lJlle• ~· wtll 1te •1ttenc.t ~ . . ~~ . . . ntena1J7 thae wtll be ao atga ot tJs• latlll'Hl l4eat1t,.· ot tbe two 

. . tate. brtlmmre, ~ l• nou.tng to prewat then 11a1J1C tb1'ee 

pal' ... 111 alallu to. --ns luteaa or oDl.J' ,., ..... la J'Sg. •• 

in •hlob oaae tbree ot tbe fi'ft zrotol"a oaa be 4rtTeD. ac1, flt cov•, 

U' tilen nn _, 10 rotor• l \ woall ~ po•i bl• to haft llllJ' aumber up 

W 9 Of 811011 clrlTtlig per Wbaela, tllta8 atfolo41ng a ftJ'J' wide reage for 

DJiag parpoeea. Ill other wor4a, •• 110• tull.y dewlope4, the 1119tm 

proT14ea f01' a aal.HpU.a1'1' of Jtep, a.el tut a aiq•n•• •J' be 

iaplrle4 'fo •llllllP8 8WA 1D. the ....... ftefll kaJiq 884l'1~D08 1 Wl 'Ja & 

oorre•pon41ngl7 htgb 4ecn• o_t GTPtoerapUa meeuri tJ'• 

• traaalator aeU.111• • ln n.. 1 .., be nplaoe4 ,,. • 

•1'8tem ot 1a1ieraon.neeted ooatao,-lner• ti, ad aaeoo1atecl pa1a4 eataota 

•laowa •ohmm.Uaall.7 1D J'lt'• '· Ja tlle latwzi tSgve, tm ooauot Jawzia 

'1 to e u4 tile magnet• 11 to &I an !lmDlogoua •la alllllar~ leatgaaW 

ocmtaot: lner• 04 DagDeta of 111. 1 aa4 99"9 tll9 .. faaottoa;· \1a9 'ban 

. . ·- ~ 

11 to II ot. ft&• ' are 1-Dloaou ·w1• .. lllilelT leelpatll '8n of ft&• 1 . . 

· •114 ee"' a equ~ut taotl•• Tts., to •' .,, .,. ,._tetlw ~-·"' 

. · . .;.~ ... . · .· .. ~ 

.... ~ .:. ~ ·.· .. ~;~· .. · .. . . \:: 

.. ~-::;:· : · ..... ! "' • 

.. . 

· ......... . :· . 

. : . . . . : . ~ 

:'!" ••••• ;· .. :··· . . : ... :> ·: . 

.. 

. . ·. :: ..... _ ...·-,::.:_-.=!?~"::_:· .. ·.· .. · 

I•' I 

. . . .. . · ... •, 

. . 

.. ~ .. ··~.:~.:~·. ~.::~": ... " . 

. ·: ·::.-.:.·:::·_:;.f:f.·;·~;_:::' ',·~::~ ..... · . 

. . ·. ~·.;.-... :?~~ ·:· ·~:.::-.-~// .. 

. . 

" .. ,,.• . ··:,,,. 
. . ---...- . ..,,._ .. .,...--:· ---

, 

., 

, ' 

·. 

REF ID:A40335 

- --.:·-..·:- .... --

' "'\ 

ot aotaaW u4 aoa-aotaa~ bare, pamtatiw aft'aa•-t•_of ~·••'­

lewn OIJ9NHBC nltobea _ID eataltliaJ& oae of U 4ltteNat elreutt:e to 

t'b8 teml•lJI ot ••ltohboed '· It WS.11 "9 ... tllat pe:mateUw •nU&e- ... ·-

in •leotllla oa• ot II JetM foi- a e11ft'91lt tlow111C fl'Ga JOW•~ .,.roe 20 

to t'be •1'oblJoU'tl 7. !'la• aapet• 151 to H al t:'laelr aeaoe1ate"4 barll 

e1 to e8 _., be nplaoect '1" aa1 '1pla-oantae1i alar• wall 1moa ln "'._ art. 

c11ug..,, .mo1Ut'lcetton• end equtrueat al'l'l!npaeau a?'9 contempl&tal 

Yitbin the ecopa or U. 1nTeat1on aa d.•t1ne4 br the appeade4 elem: 

. . .. 

. .! . . : "' 

. '· .. · .. : '·· .. ,.:.. :-

I •' 'I ,'' 

. . . ~ . .. . . I • • •1 

... • 4' ·.·• .... 

··.; · - . . . ·; .. 

. : -~ .. . . . . . . ~- .. · .. 

... : ... ··.·, .. ·. . 

.. . 

·. 

. . ~ 

.. . . .. ...... . ·• .. ·· 

... . ;.···. 

···._.:·.>=-·: 

• - • 4 ~ ~ • 

. · ..·.:.. • • .. ', .) -~•• I 

: . .. .... 

·. 

·'-,,, . 

·- ·:' 

. · ...:,,'"~ 

. . 

·. ,.····.~ 

·_.:.;t ~ ":t 

.::.:~:~,:~: 

. ·<j- . ·· .. 

. ' 
REF ID:A40335 

• • 

I alaSa : 

1. Tn ft cryptcwrapb, s k•yboard ooapr1dnr a aet or c~:-aoter 

•leMn.te, •n4 a col'1"8a]JOJl41111 •' ot •11Jl•Unv •1-n.t• in. oper"!t1W 

electrical oonnect.1oll; meua lnc1Ud1ng e olp!ler :reno~ meahanl• tor 

'fM171&R 'be eonnecUona between the oltareetei- •1.91!19nta and the •1SDll1tafl 

8lementa, snid .. ohRniaa hRTlntt e au.lt1plio1t)' ot )IOtant1e1 olphertng 

poeit:lona end being driwn •fluenttall)- •n4 repnlttw~ at a •ifD:m 

anral~r Yftlooity tbJ'lough all aaid poat\lone, eaoh ooaplete JW~lutton of 

M 14 !'OWi' •ohen1• oonaU tutlng a olpllflrlng ayele aD4 eaoh •e id alpherlnf cycle oorreaponaing to the t1118 durlr.g whioh a keT ot the keyboar« ta 

4epreaae4 i aa4 aeena 'for •leottng one ot aatt poteatlal oipmrlq poal• 

ttan.a \o beooae the oparetl"Ye oip!l8ri111 poa1t1on •1\hln a olplllllrtna oyole. 

2. In a C!"fptoc.raph1 a ke}'boar4 oom:pr1e1ng a •t or ohnl"l!lotttl' 

ele,n'91 ana 11 corJ'fJa:"lOndinf: eat ot atgneltng •le•nt• tn ope!'ftfil w 

eleetrtoel oonnectlon ; a clph1'r roto~ lll'ObaAima tor T'l:l7illf' the oonneotion.a bet...-een tie cbaNoter element• and tbll atgaaU.ng eleraenta, •ii 

rotor autohllnt .. hATtng P. 111111tip11otty ot ?Oten,lal olphertna po•itiona 

an4 being 41'1 wn •quatl•ll.J and repe'1,1"Yelr "ta uut.tol'lll an,,ular wloelv 

t!arouc1l 11tll el'id po•l tiona, eech oaaplete retolutlon ot aa14 rotor mecbant• 

conati tut1nt: " ciphering eyctlA an4 l!!laob. ea14 olphPriDf' o::cle co1"1"tlspo1u11111 

to th• ttae d\ll"ing •blob a key ot ti. k•1'0e1"d 1• deprea811Cl; •an• tn 

eelectlnr, one of uS.4 potential aipbertq poaitlou to 'beoome the operati»a 

otphPring poal Uon wt \hla a oipbarintr ayole; an4 .._. tor neying *bit 

•l•oUoa with •u:aeaeiw etplaertna eyol••• the le'ar eD1"N•JOll4bc to 

8ucae•1'f• depreealona ot '118 kqa ot 'bit k•1'0ad • 
REF ID:A40335 

·-- • 

:s. In a c:rypto,F.repll, a ta)'boer« ooaprhllll a eet of obal"ftctel' 

•lmen• and oorreap0Ad111g oontae\a elM\r1oeUJ auooia'84 tbenwt\b ; 

•n la41catiag ••1-ni• ooapr1a111& a nt ot a1pal1Jtc •le••'• correepondlng la ~ •1\h the n11111ber ot oi.rao'ler •JAaeata 81l4 ln circuit 

Nla\10ll ~rew1th ; •an.a tor ea'8bl1ah1 .. ant 'Ylll'J11lg tbt eleetri•l 

ooaneotioaa between \lie .-noter •1--ta u4 -- a1pal1ng elenenta, 

aa14 ..ua inclwling " o1Jt.I' rotor mnnc '\benia a aet ot 1a11Ulate4 

•m4t1owra, •14 l'Otor be181 apabl• of •••mllll a ml UplioUy ot 

:poteatial e"tpbarlnc po•l tioaa; -n• tor dJ'i'Y!.DC 9ff14 l"OWr •qa11attel11' 

ad NJetit1ftl1 at a unttol"ll angtiler wloclty 'tlU'ougll all ae14 ctphertnc 

po•ttlona; each complete re'WOl~tton. of .a14roM>r aon•tltutlng a ctpberlq 0101• aad eaoh ant4 otptaerlac eyoi. oone.,owJ.hg to * \1- e leer' 

Of tbe 1re;rla0al't la 4epna ... ; •aaa tor •leet1D& Ob Of •14 potential 

etpbertac po•itlou to beoam ti. opera\tw oiphel'1QS poa1t1on wlthta a 

o1ph~r1ng cycle. 8'.lid D!'ana OClllprtalng a 41•tr1butor meeh .. 1 .. end • bJ'aah 

t1M4 to rewlw about the taae or ae14 diatribu'\ol' ayncb.ronotae17 Witll ••14 

rowr; a o1rou1t lao,_u4ing a relay, which wlum actuated aouecta the DJ'-

laoar4 tor open\ ion , . aid nl.a7 being ooatrolle4 thltougll aa14 c1J"cul' 

in wh1eh ia 1nolu.de4 the brush ot aa14 41ab-1'bu\or aeobaaia ; a tre11.iato11, 

and a oontact oloH4 b7 •14 tranalator; a Ht ot caa llheele tor ooat:roll1• 

••14 truelator; and J!ti'tflna tor •Dlul•rlT 4tepllla1ng the reepectlw oaa •heel.a 

of' .. 14 aet with aucceae1w depreaalona or the k97a or the kQ'boert. 

4. In a oryptograpb., a keyboard ecap:r1a1q a set or oharac~l" 

el.etdn-ia; an 1ndic&t1DI meobaal• ooaprtaing a Mt ot a1pal1itg el-.ta, 
REF ID:A40335 

• • 

both eeta ot aleaent• beilg ta o1rcui t reletioa ; R cipher rotor f'or eatablia~lng a 11Ult1plto1"7 ot OOIUlectioD* betweea the character tleman'8 

and t'he a1p.alint elemeata; aeua tor dri<rlng aai4 !'Otor aequentiell.J 

an4 :repet1 U•el.7 througll the en.tire aeri•• et au.oh OOJlJleottoua, the 

tiM nqu1re4 tor the roto:r \o paaa through aa14 aeries or co.nnectiou 

eorreapoJld19" to en operating oycle; a diatributo:r the taoe o:r which i• 

41Y14ed a:p into inaulated aegment• oorreapondlag in nllllher w1 th the nab•• 

of obaraota elamenta, est ba"fing a bruh neep1ng said aepumta apolaronoualy •i'h the rotor; a otlll wheel Dl8ohaat .. tor eatabliahing a cipher ke7; 

a traJtalator nechanlaa for ooabiniltS the •tteota ot said cam wJw.el aeobani .. ; 

a ewttchltoar4 tor l'tlductng the sa14 ettect• to a aualMlr oorree:poadinc wttJl 

th.a number of' c1u1ncter el9'ata; a aource of poteaUal; end e rel&J' ooa• 

trolled by the caa wheel •obaal• 'through 'he 1ntf'rmediac:r or aaid trea ... 

la,or mechnlli .. and distributor tor the purpoae of ooJULeottng the teyboart 

to aid souroe ftt e aeleoted 1na'lut wt thin the operating oyol•. 

6. Ill a oryptotftpll9 a keyboard ecapr1aing cmncter 

elements, an 1n41Cflt1ne aeoh11.nism ooapriaing signaling el9'18nts, n4 

a oi~her rotor tor eatabl1ah1ng And au\oltatioell7, rhJ•hmtcally, en4 

.. queatielly Yt11"'71DB the oonnectiona b~tween the ohareeter elenenta 

an4 the a1gnal1n& element• ; aeana tor aeleotiag one ot a set or sA14 

ooanecUona 4ur1ng the Uae a key ot the keyboard ·1a 4epreaaect; anl 

me~ns 'for 1"'ll"1'1ng the aelentoa •Uh auooeaat w dep:re•atone ot the keJ'8 

ot tbe keybOAr4. 

6. In a Gfp\ogl"ftph., a caa-•be•l meohenism. 'f'or eatf!bl1ah1ng 

a cipher key sequence conaiating ot penaatationa ot a plurel-unit code; aa4 
REF ID:A40335 

• • 

means tor tren•latin~ the p&!lllltation• eet up in aal4 aode by 8fti4 

•--•heel meehan1• into a l1111te4 nllllbel' ot alngl.e-uait keying 

oharactere. 

f. I• a 01"J>Wgraph, a o--wheel •ob.all.1• tor eatabliald. .. 

e cipher key aequenoe aonaiat1n£ ot pe·"'lllUtetiona o~ a plural•UJlit eo4a; 

aeane tor tranalat1ng the pP-!'llUtet1ona .. , up in aa14 oo4e bT aa14 aaawbael ••hant• in.to a 11.mitecl auaber ot atngle-mt1t keJing oba:re.otera; 

end a ewitcllboard tor reducill~ said t971nc charaotera to a 8118ller aUllber. 

a. In a cryptogr8.ph which ••plo7a a trenaieior aaseablT 

ba1'1ng pemu1atloa bars and atuat ben 1• operat1Y• e leotrical ocmnecttoa; 

••• tor prod.ucing a releti wl1 long c1pber key sequence compoeet of 

a1nele-un1 t 'keyint.• ehara.otere, said mPaD.• inclucUng a cam-wheel .m~henl• 

tor oontroll1ne asid p~rmut~tion bera; a .. t of contacts controlled ltJ' 

.. 14 stunt bera; and a distributor proTide4 w1 th segments •hi ch are la 

electrical connect1oa with said eontect•. 

9. In a CJ"7P"toynpli. which employ• e tranaleto:r eaaem•ll' 

hs•inr perJD\ltetlan be:r• and e'unt bars 1n opPratiTe electrical conneotioa; 

••• tor producing a relati••lJ' long ctpber key •quence composed ot 

ai!lf:le-untt keying obaractera, aa14 meaaa including a cam-wheel meehaniea 

tor controlling the permutatioa bare ot llftid tranalator; a eat of oon.tacta 

controlled b7 the stun~ bara ot aaid tranalator; a c1reu1t inc:udine a 

.. itch board.; and a distributor, the ....-nta ot which are oonnected to 

eai4 contact• through said awt,ohboa:rd ~or J'eC\ueing the number ot ef'teeta 

olaatnable troa the tranaletor w tlle ••ber ot .. _nta oa the 4iatJ1.1)utor. 
REF ID:A40335 

• 

ic. In a c17pwpiapb. which 911Ploy• a tnnalator aa18!1blY 1nclu4-

1ng pel"nl\ltntton bera and •'uiat bara in operett•e otroG1t a:rransement ; 

•"'ns tor producing a 1"9let1Yt11l7 long cipher key aequenoa, aeid meUI 

cCl:lpri~i~g a eam •heel meobaa1aa tor oon,rolltng .. 14 permutetion bAra; a 

••t ot eontt-eia aontroll.e4 l>J said stat bera; a ftikh'board; end a 

41etT1butor heT1D& IMf',llenta in electrical oo .... ttoa with aatd oontacta 

through 3~1d awitohboard .taptet to red•oe \lle number ot ettecta obtflt11able 

trom atdd tnuale'tor to tbe ••ber ot MgllMlta oa the 41atributor, and to 

'lftry t~e connectiona betwHD ~ coatecta ot \he trenaletor and the MtJIB•t• 

ot the d i&tributor. 

11. In a ft'J'PWgre:ph, a keyboard eompl'istne e sat of ctuiirecter 

el ... uta; e correapondtng •' ot ai-.nelll'lf' 1tl,..iate, both Mota or e-le111«1.ta 

'Ming in operetift •leovtoal oonaeo,loa ; a "" ot ro~tebl• c1phEtrtq 

eaimDtAtOJ'S tor Y•l'Yln« the ooanecttons ntwea t1i.e oM.racter element• 

an4 the atenaling el•11uN1ts, aaoh or eeid COllD'lUt~tore havin£ e mult1pl1c1t7 

ot potenti~l c1pbartng poeitiona; .naeane tor sel~cttnt one or more of aat4 

OOD11Dteto:s to runction ea 10tora; meane tor dr1T1~ said a lected rotor 

or .~tore a&quen11a111 and repeiitiTttlY at a u.~trorm en;--ular veloci•J 

'throuf'b all ot their potential cipherll!F pooU;1ona, och c0r:1pl£>t.e ravolutton or said sele~ted rot.or or rotora con1Stituttne a ~1phr•rir.ig cycle, end 

e11.cb 1n1\!1 ctpherintr o,ale oorreapond1nt;· to t!Je '1• d•Jrin~ which a ke7 ot 

the ke7boerd la depressed; end 11te11na tor aeleotlnc one of seid pot~ntial 

o1ph~r1!1@! poa1t1ona to beoon9 the opere\1,.. o1plaertna position 1n aaid 

cip~ring cycle. 
REF ID:A40335 

• • 

12. tn 11 eryptot,raph, a lat7boflr4 eompri•tns a .. , or omreatel' 

•1-•'•; a aorreapoa41ag •t ot •1P•llllc tlemen\•• both •t• ot 

element• b•:lll8 la opera,1'19 eleotrtonl ooaaea~ioa; a aet ot rotatAbla 

et.pmring aoi:nu:tnion 'tor 'ftrtiDe tile aoauati ona 'between the oharactn 

elements and the a1gultag el...,ata, •oil of 111114 oa.atatora hfiT1ng a 

' 

mlttpl1c1ty ot pow11t1al alpllertng -poelttoa; ••• tor •l•c,tvely 

openting one or mre or •14 oomnmi1iwra aa roton, tnola4111& mean• 

tor etrtTing the - ~tl•UF ac1 apet1Uw)T 1t'li e un11"om angular 

w1octt7 1h1"0U8h all ot t'betr Po'eatial otpherlag poa1t:tona, •ncb oomplet• 

r~"YOlutton or eaid •·leo'-4 rotor or rotora conatttu\1.ng a clph~ring O'l~c1e 

an4 eAoh aa:l.4 ai'Pb1t:rins ayal• eorreapon.4S.nr to the ti• 4U.r111£ which a k•J 

of tbe lteJ'board 1• 4apreaae4; •ana ror aelect.1nt: one ot aet4 potential 

e1ph~r1J1f• a;clt•; and m<tans for nr11n& the aelectlon. ot aa14 J,iotelltlal 

clph-rln~ ~aattlon wtih •~•oe .. 1Ttt oipbbrl11& 07clea. 

is. In a crnto,.•J"Rph, 11 :keyboard. ooapr1e1nr. a aet or cl'..erectel' 

element• and a corre~pondilll' aet ot contao'ta 8lectrtot.111' aeaoctete4 tbe:reMl" el.emerita ot th• key'boa:rt; e oi:teui t •1c t• includinF •1d •t• ot •leaenta end a aouroe ot Po'tell'\ial; •U• tor eut.omtioal'17, rhf'la1calJ.7, 

em sequen'UellJ' ea\sbliahlng a aul\ipl1a1t:r ot aeta ot dltteren\ JJP'\bll 

tor the puAp rd eleatr1e cu.rrent• trca tbe 00Ataot11 ot tlw ke)"b0ttr4 to 

tbe a1gDB11ng elements or the il'J4tcnt1nr mechanl•i mean• tor acmenta1·U1· 

.. ieottnr one o~ oald aeta of petha •n4 ai1111ltaneoual1' OODneo\ing t.he 
REF ID:A40335 

• 

COll.ll\oa terminal ot \ha ee\ ot oontRota ot the keyboard to .. td aouroe llO 

th~i an eleotr1o ourrent initiated by del>1'9••ina oae ot the key• ot tbe 

keyboard will flow ak>h{l one or the pat.ha in aa14 eelected aet ot petba 

to one or the •i£naling element• of the indioaUng •oheni•; 11Dd means 

tor Yeryine; anid momentary aeleotion ot a .. t ot aa14 ptJths with aucceaa1"19 

depreaatone ot tlw ke:ra ot the keyboercl. 

14'. In a oryp\ograph, a ke7b0a.rd comprising a set or o1Brecter 

ele~en:.a ~J·d e corresponding eet ot con'8at• olectr1celly Aasoel~ted with 

the chal'ftcter ele:nenta; an indiofl\ing 111Bcbani1111 aeaoo1ated with 81!114 ke7bonr4 

and comprising e oorreape>nding se-t of eit.n~line; ele1aente; multiple aeta ot 

electr1.c conductors, end attens tor rhythrdcelly end soqmmt1ftllf 1ntcrpo•1DC 

•14 oonductora 'between 11a1d keyboard ed aaid indiea.tiq~ rnoeht.r1hm; mean.a 

t:>'r iselectit~g ~ne i>t' sftitl uf:te CJt condu.ctora &r•d eat&bl1ah1D8 Opf'rat1• 

eloetrlool cormoot lune be'h·een the con'Ucts of ue.id keJbor1rd hnd the a1gnel1ng elPM~nta of ae.id iadicutinG mechanism; t1nd =~ana tor TAr~ing .. td aeleo-

'1on irregularly and "d th sllcceaa1. .,. de·'reaeion• of the keys ot Bflid keJ'boRr«. 

us. tn a crypto~nph, e ~eyboet'd COlJ1Pris1n.r, abarecter 

el91'!J.ellt&i a corresponding a~·t of signal1n.r eler.1enta in a 110'1.entially operatiw elActr!.cal c.onnr.ct1on t"i th t.',e lt.P.7b0eir"i; mef:na conprieing e rototoble 

co1111u1tntor tor VEr;i·int· tl:e aonnE-cti»r.& between the ktt:,rhoard eleaenta an& 

the eig-naling ele1'18nta; ti motor to rott1te the oomutf:.tor et a oonetnnt 

•peed, each cOtJpl••te rr"folut.ii.>n or the oo•utetor com:priein~ on.a o~ft;.t1n.g 

oyole during which t.'le ke:rboard •Y 'be 0J>111rate4 in eac1pber1n& or deoiphel'1111; 

a cam-wheel 119challia oompr1a1ng a set ot oam-bear1n& rotate.bltt members; 

aeau tor angulerl.y dla pl.aelllf:' the caa-bearins aea'bera upoa op"re tion. ot \h9 
REF ID:A40335 

• 

tetboerd; a ae:~i ot oontaot lewra and aaaooia\ecl ooataota eon,l"Ollel bT 

the oam-•beel il4lchen1•; a trnulator •ohu.1• ooa\l'Olle4 by the oea-11bettl 

:meolulllisa tor coabia.1B1 tu etteot• ot tile •--cmtrolled contact• aa4 

cau1ng 'the ael.eotioa ot o• ot a pl11ralit7 ot otpa..~k•TiDB c1rcu1 ta; a 

BWitchboerd. tor l'84uotna '\be plurality ot o1pbe:r-k•71D8 circuite '° a 

Junbe:- ot otrouita oone::poa41a& w1t1l \be 11\llllber of obel'tleter elementa ot 

tbe kefboard; a 41atr11Ntor c•prietng a plurality of' ineul.Pted aeraenta 

o~rreapoadiag in nwa'ber with the naaber ot olliracter el1111M1nta ot tll4t 

keyboard and coueoted to OM aide of the awttchboffrcli a 'bruah 1ll'9I aU'l"J'ia& 

a bru8h whleh HeeP• o•er tba aecan'• of the die\l'ibuwZ", SM b:ruu am 

being lce184 to 'the aeae •1-t'i on wh1oh the c_,..'lfltOJ' 1• tvkwt •o ,., 

the OOlmlltator end the 'bnah on the 41e~ibu:tor raee l"Ota\e •1Hl&i'oaou]¥; 

encl e r lay controlled b7 aid diat:ribu'\.ol' tor OOJlaeoting the ke7baard. to a 

po"'er couree for 8 apeoif1c inetmt" in the operatlq rJCl•, ae14 1aataat 

bejng ~etorm1ne4 b7 the oipher-~ef cor:ibination eateh11ahe4 by tU. oa ... wheel 

•cbftnta. 

16. 111 a orypto,.:.raph, a • eyboarc! co111i.iriaing e aet or chtil'ftct•I' 

elene~tu witb bawociat~d contaota; an ind1Ctit1ng mecblmiflll eleo\rioall.7 

aaaocint&d with the keybo~7d •Dd comprising a oorreapoa41ng .. t of elgllallag 

el .. nte; meaaa tor ooueo\in.,: the 0011.tacta w11i t tb• •i&Ml1D£ element• 

and tor '1'ftryin6 ae14 ooaecUona aeq,\leDt.1ally and r~oall.J ln a aulH.• 

pliot ty of way•, add 1u•n• eol.!lprlalng •tetor• an4 1nclud1q oipbert.ug 

rotors •hiob 11rO interposed bo~41"tten pair• or IMlid ete.tora end which haw a 

aulUylicity ot pownt1all.1-oper:·tivo ciplMtrlng positiona with reepec\ to 

aaid s'htora; a ahef\ oarrytng 881d rotor•; l'l98D• tor rotatins one or llON 

of said ro\on at a aona'tmlt angular nlocitJ'; M8Jl8 tor mcae11tfllrf.17 
REF ID:A40335 

I " · .... 

' f 

' •, 

' ' 

, I , I 

__,eoti.~ the IOJlllllOD tenunal ot tu oonteeta ot the keJboerd ia etroalt ' ' \ 

~1t1.oa, \llu oaaaiag \he Hlecte4 o1pll9riD.g poa1Uos of the rotor• '° ' ,.,,/ ' 

aot( aa U. opentlw eip)lerlq poaltloa; u4 .... u tor ftryiq the eel•o1ttO, ot •• 4rlwa rotor• ucl ot "1w11" opera'1w oipbertnc poe1t1oa w1t1'. 

' 

,'\ n~aat u deprualOD• ot tbe ke7e ot 'tlle key'boar4. 

/;, J 

'I ' 

' ' 

1;,· 

1 eharaoter e1 .. :au ant a •Ol"ftapoa41ag ••of •1...Uq eleaeate; 11PeU.ult 

117~ taolu41DC • aoaroe or poteatial ' ••• tor oonuo·ting the b1'Mtad 

to. •14 llOQJ'ce tor tbe purpoM ot eatabliahl.Dg operatlw eleotrloal oou .... 

tt. laetwen ti. lcepoard an4 tu alpa11q •1-•ta, •14 •an• 'bet11g 

ao'\Uatea oal7 4urllaa a apeetr10 \tae-ia'\ertal wlthla a ae\ ot equal ti..-

interwla into whlu eecb o:role at keyboard. opereUOll ia 41•1•1'ble.· 

18. rn e c1"JptOf'rapb includtay a ke.(board eoairia1n« a rt ot 

ohsrP.cter element• and a correa:pondi1J8 set ot altntaling elP11&nta; a ctrcui\ 

aystem 1nclwl1nR a eource ot potential ; meena ~or oo:maeotm,. tbe k9Tboar4 

to eRid source tor the yurpoae of nstllbliahing opertit!Te alftc~rtcal oomieoUon. bet•HD ,. ke71t0ard and the •ignal.ing elel.\ente, ani4 meana being 

aetuate4 onlf during a epeo1t1o tlme-1ntel""ftll within a aet or e~uel tillll1.nt .. nals tnto trbteh eaoh cycle ot keyboard operation 1a 4h1.aible; and 

aeena tor cha~ing tbe auoceaai~ ao'Alat1ng '1me•1ntel"'ftll•· 

I 
85 

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REF ID:A40335 

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