MEMO RO I NAME OR TITLE 

Col. Marcy 

ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION 

c/s 

2 

3 

4 

REMARKS 

INITIALS 

DATE 

l'ROVALS, 

CT IONS 

CIRCULATE 

COORDINATION 

FILE 

INFORMATION 

NECESSARY ACTION 

NOTE AND RETURN 

SEE ME 

SIGNATURE 

Re Report by Insi)ector on J.nal.Ttical. Machine Empl.07-

mtmt 1 I concur in the paper aa a whole am urge the 

adoption ot all the recommendations as rapi.dly as 

_,. be practicable. I • partteularl,- partial. to 

the reCOlllllmllations in Pare. 7a, b• d,, and e. - ... - .... 

eclassified and approved for release by NSA on 

1-23-2014 ursuantto E .0. 13526 

FROM NAME OR TITLE DATE 

2 Aucust S2 ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION TELEPHONE 
/ .. REF ID:A60166 

DEPAR'lilEtr.l' OF lEFENSE 

.A1lMED FORCES SECURI'J!!' IGERCY 

Wasbington 25, D. C. 

• 

15 August 1952 

lllK>RA!DDl FOR: Conaialtan:t M 

Comptroller 

Chief, Ottice o't Operations 

Cl:d.et, Office of Rt. D 

SUBJEC'.f: Reporb 'b7 the Iuspector to the Director on. ~ical. Machine 

Empl.oJment, dated 15 .August 1952. 

l. 'four attention is d1rected to the sub.ject report, copiea Of 

Vhich have been sent to the addressees of this 'lllSIK>randum. 

2. In orclezt tbat appropriate action can. be ~ on the :recomnendations ot the report, JOU?' comment is deeirod at the earliest practicable 

date, and :l.n BD1' event no later than 29 Augus't 1952. 

Cop)" to: 

Admiral Wenger 

Inspector 

~~·h Colonel, S:t.gual Corpe 

Chief of Statt 
_,,,. REF ID:A60166 

-,-s _5 ,). - l./ 2/ (,' c /{ 

--51CAN08 

!ff !!!'J!!T ~!!9! 

l!!!!l!f ID.f!olQllatloD 

.AJi'S.A 

lS &uguato 19S2 

atapo~t b7 the Inspector '° the DiPeotor 

Aaal.rtloal Machine 

-

lr&play::ient 

!!! £}!2'8LEM 

1. !o determine what pol.1c1ee and practicos 11' our uae ot 

e:n&1)"'tical taachine17 are oon4uc1Ye to gPeate•t e~ticienc1 and. 

ertecfl\Yeneea. 

J!:OTS 

I. !'be anal~t1cal machtrel".J coyere4 1n thte report 1a l1•to4 

an4 49acr1be4 in tbe__Jtaper •Jill.ehlnea Vaed in OPJPtanal7a1a•, .lP&A 

!napector/13 June 1952. . 

J. AU uaaco data cited her.in are ror the .rtnt alx :montbe ~ oalenc!a:r s2. 

4.. Det1Tl1tionss 

Pl'Om!nv. (•chino procoaaee) ... La.71ng out in apoc1t'1o d•tail the t9CCa! and procedural atope that v111 be taken in 

the conduct or 1nd1v1dual .. chine pi-oce••oa. 

IJ!H4ul1M (;;achlnes md •chine proceeaes) - Planning 1ihe emploJ111eni ofliiach!nea and machine oOD'Jplexea, 4eteri:aln1ns 

tlb!.ch machines ahall partol'R vbich proce••••• lan4 4ev1•1ng new 

aethod.e an4 app11oat1ona or machine proceaatnc. 

P!~.<;us~Io! 

S. A• incloaure. 

GOl'OLUSIOWS 

6. ~er1ved tbl'ougbout tho dlac1.U1e1on. and translated 

4irectl7 into reca:mtondat1ons belOW'. 

\ 

BCOJDll9DATI'lllf8 

1.. It 1• reco:a:mcn4e41 

•• !!ML' the function ot analJtlcal machine emploJJnont 1tlannlne and. aehe4'.Jl1ng (under th• pl'1nc1pl•• or 

••NBftph l of the D!acuaaton) 'be placed 41nctl7 

lm4.er the .APSA·02 Teobn!cal Director (0211'), with 

a Xach!ne Method.a Group (including A.P!A·.3S •a4y1ao1"1" J:llllllb01'8h1p) to •••1at him. That •pacea ror this 

gl'Oup be tl'llll8te~red r~o~ the ltatt (APSA-OOF an4 

USA.-12 auc_,geete4) • •n4 bodiea hara APSA-2.2 an4 

APIA-lS. 

!bat the principle of bavlng decentralised machine 

1aatallat1ona adjacont and &Tail.able •ol and d1raotl7 

'GDder tho eontro1 or .l lndi Y14ua1 anal7t cal aeo tiona 

(including APSA-41) bo recognl•a4 and aupportedl an.4 

t;hat additional needs ot varioua aectiona ln th a 

Napect be tilled u •oon aa practieable. That the 

•upply a:a.d maln.tenanco ot theae 1natallat1ons ~nolud.1nc the 1n1t1ative therator) be the 1'8spou1b111ty ot the Machine D1Yiaion. 

••rGMos 

toP 8EeR.e! C"AROI 
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REF ID:A60166 

•BBB CANOE 

,., fS@!!.!"!S! AJ'8A 

l.S Auguat 19S2 

•port; b7 the tnapector to the 'Direotor on .lna1J1;1oal Jll&ch!ne 

-lo,ment · 

. . . --. ~ ~ ~ - ~ - ~ ---- ~ -. . -. -. -- ~ - --- •• 'ftaat the d•••lopment or comparat1Tel.7 •imple. c=spaot. an4 •••117 -lntained ••lectore and counten o~ 

moderate 1peed. aultable ror 1n41Y14ual eection U11e, lie pl*Oaecuted •• a part; of our :research and develop ... aaa11t program, (DEHHAM reaulta .a7 ropreoent an accept- a'ble a tart in thle direction.) 

!bat, with the tranate:r at the •oh1ne method.a and 

1ebec1ulinc: tunct1on to 02!, APSA-22 be i-eorganised .. .tollowes 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Merge the wIBH Bftnoh• and the 8 1AM Bnnch" aa 

.-ie or, it atbdn1atrat1ve conYon1ettoe requiree! apllt th• pPOCNa1ng c~onent 'b7 1oma more Yal 4 

•riter1on than the IBM/RAM one. 

hanaf"er the proceaa pro~rai:n1.ne .tunction to the 

,roceaai?Jg branch or branohes, 

Retain, •• a •taft group 41Nctl7 under 22, one 

•r two aesiatante to aaelat With second-level 

-chine •ohed.ul.lne; L"t4 Job d.1spatoh1ng. 

•· 'fta.t the quallt7 et e1y111an machine eperators be 

N.1ae4 through a progit&z""l ot 

(1) 1acreaa1ng th•i~ anal7tical roapona1b111t1ea 11114 'backgroun<J. and 

(2) 1'&1•1nu their entire pade •tructure -.ccord.1.nglJ'. 

~hat tho admln1atrat1ve 4ec1a1ona an4 d1apcmaat1ona to 

.S,.T• thia e.ttect ba purau.ed. at whatever leyel or Oo'l'erA-

.ent 1• neae•••rJ, ata:f'te4 v1th1n AJ'SA b7 A..WSA-02 ed 

.&P8.1.-1S in oollabora.t1on. 

r, that Mach1ne D1Y1•1on ati-ength be augc&ntod ae eoon aa 

Po••tble b7 an 1ncroaao in m111tar7 pe:raorlllol, aupported 

•7 tba Milita.rJ Oepai-tmenta aa rollow•• 

(1) Sa"7• fteturntne to dut7 1n A1'SA all •••1 peraonnel •ual.1.tied 1n ana17t1cal machine operation and. Min .. tee.nae. 

(2) All Sentceo. Vndei-tak1ng to arrange necosa&J7 

»9l"Jlanenca and non-rotation ot qualified anal7tical 

.aohine pe%"8onnel, with adequate oareer oppo~twiltJ'. 

TJ:.at the ad.M.1n1atrat1ve deo1a1ona and dispensations taTo1ye4 1n thle aUpport be pm-aued. aa bigh •• l'leoea•&rJ 

ln the Department or Oetenae, •tat.tod within AFSA b7 

APIA-02 and APSA-1.S' in collaboration. 

•• !bat il'SA•02. AFSA-15. and the Oonptroller collaborate 

tn exploring •Y•r-J means ot tac111tat1ne th.a rapid llhit~in.g ~ peraonnel at:rength betveon the Machine ~1Tielon and the anal.Jtical sections ~ AFSA-02, aa 

needs Y&l"J, with a vlew to 

(l) prori.dln:; g:reater .tlexl b111 '7 1n the -nagei'!lent ~ 

COMIWT operat1ona, 

(2) ~ot1ng the analyt1oal oompetence and backgraunc! 

ot Bach1ne 1'1Y1a1on peraonnel aa 1 whole, and 

111 a.I CANOE 

!OP lnll!m C:OtJR 

J 

J 

-1 
_______________ ... __ , ___ ~ __ .:; .. ;.,_....,,_: ______ ... - ~..i:,e..,....___:_·.~-~-..tREF ID:A60166 

• •l 

•SEOECANOB 

IOP AKQRZT c••o• AP8A 

15 Auguat 1952 

llaport ~7 the Inspector ~ the Dlroctor on Analyt1oal Kach1ne 

Slipl.OJ?!J8Dt 

(J) :pi90m0t1ns understanding and •ppreclat1on ot maoh.1-~e proceaaea and potontia11t1ea b7 ana.-

1.J'tloal •eet1on porsonr.el aa a whole. 

h. 'l'bat our pl•nnt"e to~ the ~ort Xeads building bo 

.,._examined with an 97e to the pr1no1ples e.~rcsaed 

1n para, 18 ot the D1acuaa1on. 

Cop1o• to1 DJ'J(Ji) 

Olde.t or 8 \a.t't 

w.. h1edman 

Comptroller 

02 

ll 

J5 

K. 8. L. r:ooDWD 

Capt.in. U .s • ll&YJ 

Iaapcctor 

IDPSERrc~ANos WP SIGR.W QABOB 
-·, 

\ 

REF ID:A60166 

APSA 

lS Auguat l9.S2 

DISCUSSIOH 

l. ~oae ot analytical naohinoa. A toroe ot people la 

the moat ~lbt~-a..~a veraa£11e ot' an&'t~ttoal a.genta, It tollow• 

that an anal,.tioal machine, 1n order to be worth;;' or oons1derat1on ~o-r our pl'ooeaae•,, miat have •o~o advantage over a force ot people tbat outwe1gh8 1ta dieadvia.nta..~e or 1ntor1or tlex1b111t7 and Ternt111 t7. Yb!• a4vantaee, it happens, la alvaya one almply ot 

geed. F.Tal'J' 111.chino ln our 11•t 1• able to pe:ttro:rm one or more 

jrl'Ocisaes {•eter than they oould be partol'med by a rorco ot peop1e equ•l 1n • •• to the force roquirod to operate an4 maintain the 

•ch1ne 11 fh!a gain 1n time benet1ta operationa in two wa7•1 

a. It eavea •n-houra in certain operations which vould be 

pei-ror.:sed aDJV&.1 (at leaat 1n part), with or without 

90hinel'J, and thua per:.'11 ta machines to replace men, vlth gaina in effectivoneaa and economJ". 

-· It per:n1ta certain operat1ona to be perforc:e4 vhichJw~theut the PJ11chino•, would never be undertaken at all. even 

1n part, in v1ev 0£ proh1b1t1Ye or tantaatic requ!~omenta 

ln mn-houra. 

Log1oally tno ••cond 1• no more than an extension ot the tir-st, 

but practlcall7 the ap11t •UGgeats a oatecorizat1on vldch has 

ao:no application to thia anal1ei•1 that 1• 1 catesor1sat1on by 

atent1.aliti. 

I. Machines accordln- to .e.cetent1al1tz. 87 thia criterion 

the mach1n"'ea·ta11 tnto two oit'egorteaa 

a. Labor-savers and extender•. Machine& which replace ii'tm ?or "operatl'Ono whlcfi would be undertaken. at least 

in part, even vlthout them, 

Hetolut1on1zera. M.achinea 11h1ob llllke posaiblo attacka ~en coiil:d not be undertaken without them. 

Aocordine to this break-down our anal7t1oal maoh1n9a line up thusa 

Revolutionisera 

•ov available - .. IBM, ABB~. ATLAS I, (GOLr.BERG Uld CODIE 

are borde~line caaoa). 

PzroJected • • - • BOMAD, ATLAS II. (AFSAP l•l 1• a borderline caae),. 

J.!bor-aavera !!!.2, extenders 

All othera. plua a lal"So part of IBM. 

'l'hare u7 be ao:uo quarrel w1 th calling the medium ai1d 10116 oyole •olution aelecto~• 9 l&bor-:avera" rather than wrevolut1on1zeran 

on the ground that operational exploitation or certatn •1•t0?~• 

vould not be po•e1ble without thm:a. While this ia undeniable. 1t 

oantains qual!t'icationa which make 1ta vholo tl""..ith quantitative ather than qualitative. In any oaao, •• vill cleal'ly emerso .. eount!.ns these solution aoloctora ae .. re l&~or-e.xtondera doea 

no violence to the principles ot their aound ~lo;r~ent, and the7 

ai-e therotore, perhaps arb1tro.r1ly, •o counted for the purpos~a 

ot thla anal7ala. 

J. f:iloymcnt ~elato.,g to ~otent1alitz. 'Pt!e categorization "7 potent a lljl:eiidi atrect!i' o a phUoaaphy 11.:=fnt, '1'he 

. 1 ~~ 

Znoloe\U'"e wlth &PSA Inspector'• re~!~~ _9r __15 A_w;\llt 14152 --- -----· 
~.,. • ..,.C' ..... ~.,.,:-t.-!i~""'!'~ -'!,."._t;wo:\Yf.~-r·i .. ~-.......... , .. ~e-p· ........ c••.t ·~-.-- .,.. .... _.""':: T• ...... _ .-:: ........... , ~ ...... • ~ ... -'"I;. •• ,,--. - .. Tr,"'·: .. .,,:11£..,..--,1 .:~-... ~""- .. .. ~ -::.! .. ~ •.J ............ ~ .. ·~ .. 31 1..- -.w\. f""-"'.dt. \ "f!";..";;.~""~'-""!-"":" ... --!!!t"-.... -•• _ .. - - • ....... - -t'~·-i_ ·~-!..J-.~ .. • ~=..:...•~i'..!~," ... '"1 .. ~,~ .. ..-:-._-: ... "'!. ~ ... '-'. --.. --~:. ~-... ·"1.-... ~~~ .. 4,.,.__, ·~ t 

REF ID:A60166 

APSA 

lS August 19$2 

t>ISCUSSIOH (cont1nuod) 

labol" ... aavera and extondel'a aho11ld obvioual7 bo e.mployod. to perform flli' o~eisat!on whero the7 •tand to •••o man-houru and apood up 8 reeultsJ tho rcvolutionisera ahould be emplo1ed to tho l1m1t 

on opeMtione which could not bo atter.ipted without them7 'Ji""'t!:rai 

gla:n.Oe these tvo Poquiremonta look like •11ghtl7 quibbled v•~~1one 

or th• aame tho'Uf:ht, but aotue.117 tho7 an tar apart 1n em.pbaa1•• IA the two approaches to the machine emploJ1Dont probiom which the7 

f

enerato, 'l'he problem ot .. king the labor-aavera cart"y their weight 

• 1az-cc11 the •tra1~ht-.tov.iard Jlallqemcnt problem or inaui-1218. a.7 

'b7 da7 and boUl' b7 hour, that operation• •~e being pei-formod •• 

et.reot1vol7 and,ert1olentl7 as poaaible, I~ the de~nd tor the 

talents o~ a certain labor-aavine machine ia such that 1t 1a active 

IO ho~ par week, and 1 t ia detel'Cl.ined that there are no re111clual 

-..u beine petttormcd by hand or b7 other achina17 that could be 

done better bJ thia l':l&chi~e, and it has no 'backlo{., then 1ta eJllploJ'!!l&nt leaves noth1nc to be desired •• it apenda 20 houra ea.oh 

week •&Yins labor and apeedinc reaulta, and thero i• nothipe IQOite 

bm_ il .iQ. jo1 ita idle periods represent no lia1 an! g!Yo no Siile 

'Ni' Z"cpxaoa'C!l.* '1'h.wl Sll!L'E• and DEMOJra, ot whatever vintaee! have 

done thetr et1nta and •7 roet when thoro 1• no more of the l" k1n4 

ot vo:rk to do.# Whether thezte ta, 1n tact, no more ot thei:r kind 

of work to do ia a matter tor 02'• technical peo~le to detoraino, 

aa a oont1nu1nr; put or their nol'Plal jobs or rw:mlnp; the shop. With the rfvolstlonizere, ho~over, there ••ems to be noed to~ mi 

mt!rel7 Tn'erent'approach. Itt we have a machine that makes it fO~llble to un4ortake analytical attacks that ve could not underJI!!, ~ paftiallt' Without 1t, WO woul! S8enl to be"a!lihting 9117 idi"i!On1 ve a low' Ii io epend any •1gn1t1cant time idlo Or" 

pertot'm!nc labor-savinG operations.A It it ha• t1mo available 

ftflr a labor-aav!ne apcrat1on, 1t •hould be ao ecplo7ed, but the 

moment th1• happena it ehould be a a1gnal for the beat brnina to 

go into a huddle and devise •om.o rovolutionary emplo,:nont to take 

eYeP the thr.ae involved.,• 11.axi.'?!'.ri e.mplo:;nent o~ tho labor aavera 

!.nYolvee &1!!1>17 good A.FSA-02 management 1n the ord1na1'7 aen•oJ 

... -... --.... - ............................... - -.. -.. -.......... .. • t di•res&N here the argu=ont that the apace 1t stands 1dlo 

in costs 11SOne7. •111'!.e th!• la true, the p:roper analJ"sie ot 

all the tactora bri~s 1n the .formula tor the equ!wlence or 

man-hoUl'a and 1quaro.rcet, involv!~ conoepta aompletel7 boyond '1:18 CSQli1Pl9&hanaion ot all e.xcept those who aro at ho:ie 1n the 

ll01"9 atratoeph.eric lovels ot Advanced Management, 

I o~ couraa an expanded. toroe ot uial{•t• :might -ite .more wo1"k 

ror them to do. But the beat conce vable reason f*or e.xpand1nc the torce would bo to produce r.iore f'or tho conaW!'lers, and the 

dea1rabi11t)' or th1e, tram this anele, 1• beyond the scope or 

tia •tu~. -rhe queatlon orilie doa!rabil:lt7 o.r expandinc tho 

-.al7aia f"orce !J>;lelz to keep tho DEMOB bOlit be1~ idle in 

.alu.able f"loor apace 1nvolvea the tol'mUl!\ tor the equ1valenco ~ mo..~-!:iours and aquare-roet. •• 11Jent1oned in the precod1ng tootnoto, q.v, 

Cl IBM, becauee of' lta natural 1a an obrloua exception to the 

Pl"inoipls that tho revolut onizera should ideally net be 

.-p107od 1n labor-aav1ne. IBM 1• 1nd1apouablo ~o~ l&bor- •••1ncl end a larse part o£ tba IBM 1natallat1on mast alway• 

oe ava lable tor labo:r-saYinc and extond1ng; opora.tiona. wlia1; 

th!a pr1ncii;1le means vith regard to IB?t ia that I!lM'• cs.pac1t7 fOl' "rovolutiona.ry~ application fhould be ut111zod; whether by 

eztended Bhitt Cl'Orllt1on O!'t b;; PllOcurc..-Aiit or additional achJ.nca 

la a potnt ror d.tt:r::i1r.~t1on baaed on log1stio considerations. 

• 

!noloaui-e w1 th AJllSA Inapeotol'I a Peport ar 15 AUc."'118-t 19>2 

-; 

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" .. 

. , 

. 

. 

" 

j 

' 

... 

ii' 

• 

.. 

i 

·i 
REF ID:A60166 

'101' llCRd CAllOB .lPSA 1S August 19.$2 

DISCUSSION (continued) 

.tu.11 time emplo11~ont ot the revolutioniaera, however, involves 

aomat."tlng on an altogether dl??erent p!ane, inventiveness and 

ent tic ima~ination and ana.lztical CO?DEetence of the li!iliiat .--.~i!-· nd' 'the two reciii!i'e approaches filom &o dll'ferent '"' 

a ing pointa1 1n the first caae, the approach 1• "Which ot ~- 3i~abcan be done better b7 ao~e machine?"1 in the aeoond, I'i81iou e "What can we get ~ machine to do?" 

4. P~eaent em~lo:;t'!ent versus reserve capacitz. It hAa 

been a matter ol: poller In tlil:t lgenc1 tliat maoriho opera tiona 

ehould bo generally con£1ned to one ahitt, •1th a view to :maintaining in roady reserve the 66% ot total capacity represented b1 the two idle ehitta. Lest this polie7 be reearded as in 

contl1ct wtth the .f'oregoingt let lt be clar11'1ed here. Surely it is not the roal intent or the polic7 that ve actuall7 retrain 

bmn necessary or desirable .machine emplOJTl'IGnt to create an 

az.t1t1cial or illusory reservel Surol7 it .!!. ita real intcn' 

that we should procure and 1natall1 posa1bl7 not threo timos aa 

much machinery •• ve ncod, but at ieaat mol"G tba'l'l ve needJ 1'o 

other interpretation makes aenae, and onr: lnaotar as this 01\0 

4oa1 la the pollc7 a valid working doctrine. 

S. Bmt>lomont of the re•olutionizara. ATL.t\S ha.1 been 

-nne4 dvrns ilx aar-ann'ts, f'lve even!ng-shltts, and rive m1dah1tte per week. Th s 120 hours per week le 76~ or total available time (168 hoUl'a per week). Curing the rirat thl'ee months 

ef _f!alen.4ai- 1952, because of light uaa~e in the m1.d-sh1tt, A'l'LAS .. -~· ~ual uae o:r \Ul.der •1ntenance or alteration on11 s~ O't;otal a.\"ailable time. !'his vaa increased to 72~ durinc the 

eeaond three months ot the 7ear, very nearly .tull utilisation 

during mamied ahi.t'ta. A turther broakdown ot ATLAS' a amplo111.ent t'ollowe: 

a. '.Pota.1 hOUl's 1n 

three month period - - • • 2184 - - - - • - 2184 

b. 'fotal hours -.nned dur1rlg 

three month period • - - - 1664 • - • - - • 1664 

o. Total hours on "revolut1on1ser"joba - - - - - 774.2 - ~ • - - 1099.7 

4 .. 

•• 

fotal houra 1n ma1ntonanco, 

alteration, teat1ne. or 

training ... .. ... - - - ... - -

Total hour• on labor-aav1ne 

and extending job• - w - -

21.s.1 - - ... -- 166.9 

144.6 - - - ... - 201.6 

~. ~otal Rroductive time 

(o plus e) - - • - - • - - 918.8 - • • - - 1)01.3 

•• Total non-idle time (o p!ua C! plus •> .. .. - - llJJ.9 - - .... - Mil 

h. 'l'otal idle time 

(a :aiinua g) - ---....... lOSO.l - -........ l. Percent ot total 

1ro~ctivo tinle •• 

rei0lutlon1zer" - ., --... 8~ --.. - -

ZDolo•ure wtth APSA Inapecto~'• ~•port ot 1$ Auguat l9S2. 

' 

1$68.2. 

61.S.S 

8~ 

-

.. 

-

• ' 

-

"' ' 
REF ID:A60166 

16:"'. - - .,, • - - 16!'t 

1,l! .. - • ... • - ll~ 

Ptt?'CfJf'~ of wkl &ftllft"le 

tblo u l&bOr-aavf.il' and .tond•rs.~······ J!<·-···-

'!'be 1ut thrca $.\ams (J. lc1 •« 1.) &l'e tJ:ut Qn•a 'Wh!oh( T..e'Jr U.. 

'Ph11oa0Ph7 et p&N..:~;fi. 31 •hc't~1"' ~e !!dnl•i•o4, tt, v l l M aefll'l ~~11.e 1c!l., t1~• bu haem ap~l'ec1-.bl7 out down f.n tho aeecmd ~· uaatc as a t..bOr-G&ver an4 exten~or baa l9Gmn!~~~ 'ro- ~lor.all;y ecnota.~t;. or thtt oth•P revolut.lont•o:r:, !""''4'! le ....a 

b\ tbla !'Clo p1'9.ottoall7 not at all <••• pal'&. '• rol'lcwl"f.) 1 A!!r.f~ ba• cm17 reaentl7 been 1Mtalled an:! JJ¥t th'J"'OU.;:h its !Dltial 

.,.i-atlonal '••ta 1 en~ Cv~n7~ ~ been u••d 86! ot etil7 ene •hltt 

.-slual-..11

- lD an •••ort1a117 la!Jor-~tondlnc role ill U.. aolutlon 

td .P!lDAti (f•eneh 'ba:.14 •c~leJt) ••tt1nv.a. The otnel' \tol'darllna 

-•· r:~r!·'A~'J, lt~t•fl qea 1». rml7 one-shin, l• dlaoa.11•ed Sa ~':Ni-;h '• !9ollc;.rtnc. 

'· fS?lOEe?!t of 1-hill 1ahc:Jt--!&TCN. II\ ~ene~l, an.d vtth 

speotrta ro.a•PV&~1ona, n-...a~ Se Hid-ihat tbi l•~c:r-aav•r• are do1n~ all or * ~ JOba •n"1 ""'8t of' t.n .,.,\1 enea that t.be 

analpta uk or '1iiii. '1".bo apac!tle NaaPMtlcma are u tol.low1 

~ • DJ" h:rt the @"'~'•r part or IBM mpl~nt la tor 1&1tor- - ~and atcr...,1on. ~~ ~ 0010plox ~e been wor~!~ 

•' 

~ 

about. tull oapac t tt:r 4ur1rll'.: one •hit i and halt•o.&p•o 1 \)" 

a aeconl (punoh11ta ha•• been workod at; on17 a 

11&t;le over or.q-th!J'd oapaef.t:J' in t.he eeooi:.4 ahltt1 

llht.oh lr.dtca:.cu that. PJ'C?l.r&tlon 1a JIQ!. tbe 11.:J.t~ 

.taelo'P) • -n,.tie 1• "1.deap:road eompl&"Ifti'"1 ln pa~1 T 

believe. jua\tflltd, t>at Ia~ reaultal uo •l.ow, va\ ...-h of th• ~4 1• not autt!elent~ oheo~ea tor 

aoourr.01. •Ptt 'Ulat Me> amob :t-.aa had to be rei~oee !n 

8ol• OI" 1n p&l'\. °bf!C&USG Gf lNattll 1111:.!Ch ahoul4 MTG 

bee e&U£ht on ~" .tloo:- •t tu saeh1nes b\tt; whloht. 

S..t.ead.. a:-o allowed to oa:r-r.1 th.JIG~h to .U end or 

the p~occ••• aocur.~latln:t e?'Z"Or lO t!le t'a\Al •1•1atlon 

O!t ••1..dta. 

Pl! • Tb8 90ft!!"! •~t•~:; hn batm ~lying about ~ ue~o !ft 

OAa lhU' ud S~ In a aeeond. At tho ar:~ ttllff, the 

..-k 

~ 

lt wu pr-Gv1;16J. tor an.1 la .. hw. i• not ~:.1~ 

to eor.iplet!on vi\h an7~ln,g like .,_ •peo4 which• 

la u.. 11p;.ht or 0t1-r 111taeton1 we ahoul4' ~Hua tor. A& 

IA ta. .... ot l'\}~, the 41.ttteul•J here •• ..,..,. to tMt in 

epot'ation ot ._ 111a.eh•nes ~ol•••• not 1n prep&Mtton. 

!IN:if-.. Thb op.Qr;atol'•hU been~eod ch&Plzle on.e !ull •hit$ 

a ,S-de.7 wec.r. . -!!tween 2Y: and So!, or thl# ••"'• baa ~ on aeleotol' Jo'ba wh1oh •ould haY8 been .W:., Vl th l••• .eor~ventence and ::ron 4'11&1' (lnlt aot nao.aall&W'!.17 leas 0£floi9.."'!07), on o~hlt~ --~~'nee. 

!&Eo.ft ~A!?!.:.,re~t""•· ft•rv are nwnb.o:.rs or ••11 · St ~,,...~ =c. · !.n~Jobtl • ~1 r ... tPO:!i a tw 
REF ID:A60166 

APSA 

lS August 1952 

DISCUSSION (continued) 

m!nutea to tive or •1z hours each, Which do not get dona and are not ovan asked tor because ot the oompl1ca t1ona inherent in the centralisation ot machine ~acilities. '!'?le anal7ats either do these b7 band oipaae thm!i ovel" and go on to other thine• or •lternati ve attacks. 

~se points are dlaouaaed 1n detail 1n the following parasrapha. It ah:>uld be mentioned 1n paaaine that SJtA.'lE II rUl"Alahea a tine 

m-m,ple or a labor-aaver which •eel!ls to be vell ~lo7ed, It hae 

1'eon uaect1 1n three apparentl7 well packed ehitta1 .. (but, let .jt bo 

aata, with a rather hish maintenance ttme1 recent "1 about l'n!'), al.most aolely on Jobe vhich it 1• well E1tted to do, 

7, IBM•• labor-aavlni cmglof?ont. fhe lBH nlant•a troubles 

aeem. to be !Wt io fiiidequa e qual !cations and p0tent1al1t1ea of 

r.reot!l"el. '1'ho lnta'.te at the botto!!l baa been largal;r in the G8~2 

enter1ne pW1.ch operator) grade which• •• tho lowest civil-aervlce 

pia4e1 la the •ump 0£ the porsonne1 pool, eontainine, alotl!: with 

a«:!.e poople ot excollent potential, man7 or the dPif'tera and part 'b:.e Q&ztanta, and aome people who have no natural potential to 

aeh!eve h!gher q_ua11tioa tiona. ~e 08·2• thus provide thin 

pickine• tor as.4, 5, and 6 operator and euperv11or material. In 

&441t1on, r:ot onl7 tho intake pa.de ot oa .. 2 but the entire grade 

•tructuro ot the Maohino Division la too lov1 b7 at least one o~ 

two gro.des to prO'Vide tor the kind Of 'both 4alent and incantiYG 

that tr; taa di•tineu!ahed fro:t. other Govermra0nt agencies) needs 

1.11. 1ta chine Diviaion. Appa~ontly, too, the outside labor pool of as ... 49, $al and 611 1• inadequate, perhaps ro,...the ea"9 reasons 

tih&t exist v thin APSA• Added to this lack ot adequate sources ~ replenl1h.~ent ot ~ood tloor talent 1a the faot that ~at o'E 

\be tew e:l'lpl07eea with this talent are in the Mac}\1ne.,s~iv1a1on•• 

.tront-ott1oe Jllethods ~ranch (AFSJ\•221), preauma.blf~~Y are the 

only people q.ualitied to •n that Br-...noh, '!'he bad e.tt"ecta or 

"11a whole eituation arc two-!'old, u tollow111 

a. '1'be people on the tloor are not adequatel7 qualified 

to Jcnov, from the analrt1cal •tandpoint. 'ldlat they are 

doing andi'O,biln,rl u.na'bie to pieogrum their o"Wn Jobs, bave 'o receiTe dotu.!led 1nstruct1ona which thoy follow 

ltllndl7. Errors 1n bath pz-ogra:mtng and execution tend 

to go undetected, and this la aggravated bJ' the tact 

tbat aome or tho floor peraonnel are unrol1able 1n per- rorm&nce o~ even acme or tho ohecke tho.t the7 are qual1- t1o4 cd requi:red to make. The tloor peraonnel tend 

tbwsl t~ be a group ~ d1a1ntci-eated autO!!lfJ.tor.a, 1.n1!ead ~ 8..1.C'ti Jalllnbe:ra o~ the ~lztical team (u they were in 

l>oth Agencies du.rlne WI • -

'b, In Yiev of the •1tuat1on on the tlooP, tho Method.a Branch 

1• torced to •pend nm.ch ot 1ta time in the detailed er~ 

.. !ii of 1nd1Y!dual IBM joba, much or vh!cli I•. 'to an 

eiJiiCbine man1 a fa:lzal;y l"OUtine OpeMt!on, '!'he l'letbodl 

lb-anch thus baa tael.r lai-gely tied up 1n work whioh be· 

longa at opcrnthit:;•sect1on level, or vhich, it 1t m-..:ust be 

4n.e at branch levol, ehould bo eon.tined to the machine 

12Pl'ft1.pjj branchee. 

!he ef'tect 1• ow::ulative. The able people ot the Methoda Branch 

lll'O unablo to devote proper attention to the p~!ma.17 Job of a 

11Kothoda Branch"• wh1cli. 1• to dl'eam .!!2 new and better usea toi- w~I' 1n other wo:rcta;-tJiiy atte too '6ua:r"'WTtJi pro.-:ramr.ilnnc> !o '• a l• to devote adequate creative and conatructive •tudy to 

• 

• j 

• 

j 

.. 

• . 

1 

. 

-

i 

I 
REF ID:A60166 

»ISCUSSIOI {continued) IM J I 1a 'I 

Hhodullnr.. At the aamo tL-ae the;r are abaent .rro.m the operating 

oor, ifhe~e. amonc o~her things, the7 aro needed to develop thotr 

own roplacenente and raise the level or tloor talent. IJ'h.e not 

reault 1a a aelf perpotuating ataaia which roquiroa •ome deliberate 

boo·t ... atrap .11rt1ne. Tho Machine D1v1a1on is mov1nG toward tbe rirat 

:oull 1n thia direction by a pl'Ocram ot te;nporar117 ahiftina Methods ll'9..~ch people to the tloor, where they aro to train and 1ndoctr1· 

nato the operat1nt; aection people in the analytical and pro~inc 

iabue• or the work, with a v1ew to eventuall7 ah1ftin.r, the duties 

ln.volvect to the .machine •ectlona. whero tho7 belonr,. Fo:r thle 

aovo to be ~ullf ertect1vo 1t will h&•e to be acco:.ipan1e4 b7 a p~gram o£ raia1.Dg both tho grade leyels or •chino ope:rat1n~ 

aeot1on joba and tho potential qual1t1cat1ona levol or Machir.e 

D1vle1on raorulte. A .t1rat movo in th!• direction la a1Na4y underway, an &l".N.n;!:ement N&ched late 1n Juno between the tersonnel D1v1s1on and APSA-02 wheroby the atandarda tor lle\f punch 

operators are ra1sed. Much aore need.a to be clone 1n tbia d1roc-

'1on. It would appear to be not 1Jlpoaa1ble to convinco the C1Y11 

lerv-ice Co:.:md.aa!on that our machine operltor need• are at leaet "'° gl'&dee higher than thoso of PSA and :PHAJ the IUllDW'lit1on tor 

the attempt ia clearly the undarota.nditi:: ot the anal1ttcal proceaa Whioh vo ahould demand in our opo~tora, not exoept1~ the punchers, 

81 ~ ROBIN job. ft.e BODIH program vaa pushed t.bltoush a.a 

an 1nter1ii meuure on the ba•i• that 

a. Bo alreadJ" available or 1Jfn.1no~tly ayailable solution 

11&11 eat1etaotol"1, even •• an 1nter1m one. 

b. The work could not wait tor the J!!ti?ne.t~ •olution (Dill.LA). 

!'ho aooond promise. imposed b7 APaA.-02. could not, at course. be 

eballenced b;r an7one elae. The ti:i-at, however. was challenged b7 

the then Bead of APSA•lSl (Mr. Duae7) and appears to mo, nov :relntorced bJ but 110t depending aolel7 on soD18 binda1ght, to be 

wlnerable. The ROBilla, hav111e coat close to a millior.. dollaJ'a, 

are now under acrut1n7 aa ha.vine produced a totally ur,expcotod 

lack ot reaulta. '!''"1ore 1• no reason ;ret to bla=e the ROilI!l •m•:et, an4 the million ia bJ' no Mans wasted, because the ROBIHa I! preaumably alve.;rs bavo usea, but I am convinced that a good .._1 le•• mane;; •pent 1.~1'0v1nr; AMBER would have permitted ue 

(with the help ot other ex1at1nc :naoll1~ea) at lea.at to chock out '12.~ theorJ" and appl'O&ch of the ROBIBe to rind whether we ~eall7 

Deeded them. 'l'hei-e •7 bo no~ wrong vlth the theor,' and 

approaohj hut the t"act that we arc even now checking those to aeo 

whether '1lere 1a 1nd1catos the posaib1lit7 that we crashod iliei'Cr" 

IJ!houl 1ii.Oiifng-too vell vhero we were going. The ROBIN deal, 

inc1d.cm.tall;r, 1• tho pertect anawar to azqone who aa;ra that ouiapproach to our problems 1a "niv..gardlJ' and par=1mon1owa". In '147 

opinion this particular deal -.a e.xt.ravagant, 

9. ROBDI utilisation •. Putting a.aide the h1ato17 ot the 

llO!?Ila, vli!cfi oanno£ tie aI'tered and poaaibl7 ehould not it it 

oould• we t't1l'n to the da;v bf da7 uaea or tbeae sch1nea. APSA .. 02 

could not wait tor D'P.LLA. J'evertheleaa, with DELLA now botng lnatalled, tho ROBI1'a have bean emplo;red at leaa than S~ 

eapacit;rl !he reason 1• that there aN not enough ROBDI oporatora to .an the •chlnea at 1"ull oapao1ty 24 hours a da7. !he ilOBDI 

Jll'Oblem thus boil• down to one of personnel, requtr~ the aamo 

l'9Jled1es that are needed ror IBM1 the Machine D1v1•1on a1mpl7 dooa not have enoush people or b.lgh enoue)l caliber. 

10. ftOPI!I 2re1arat1on. The preparation ot :nate~1al ror ROBIN 

1llU8trates a po!n Vhlch baa a bearlne on the Kaohine D1via1on•e 

b.loloaure w1 tb. AJl'BA Inapec tor• 1 npoi-t - I I 
.f1l-~~ ; I ,-j ~~~-~· ~~'l;-·~' ,.,.;·~~:-~ "t:<f"F"..:.•~ -t' J" -~ ,• 0 

\' 4--,t~.; •-~·>JI'{", 5'1. ,!f , ""·"''~' ,'J.• • • J'i • • • ••. • ...... •· .. '<It •< • _J'.j;, • , ', _.._•.. • ... • • .., • "'/. • .. .-.-,, .., _, • ' ~:ii- •• '' '\t.,.. V 1 .- r \ I: P..-,. ..a..... .)s•, .. _ \.. - ., "" ~ w 1 .. ~~·~'I' ;- --,, :I .. r~ '6' - ;;J"-• • • 

·~~·-· :'ii'i~a~-~· .. ~~ •i'l\rf~·~- ~ 1.•v·\l!;.; t.-'.,':: .• ,'•j;-· ..... .- • ~ ::,i :at_ii: i:.S~fi ~~~.:.·~··o;:-- ·~, ., 'L ·•· ·• .>t i;. -; ' ,\·r~- -~" ,. 'ti M" •t • ~ " ~ 

f£. ~ . .., -~<.j .. ,qi:,,., ........ ; -·~ - """:,} .~ .... ~~r:.i. -. ... , ,. ~ ·""' ,. • .B .-. ~~ t)-~~-, . . .. . ~.-!'· . ··- . .. • . - • - , . ..,, ... • .. :t;l ·- __ ._..., •. - ,,._....,...,.&=; __ l.,._ ... .:._'!':-~a.:. _. n~F. I ...::a:.c:· • - . . - . - - - - ·-· . - J:'\..1::.1, -- . -·:.t"l.u'"""' ...... -~ -- .. -- .. __ ....... __.. .... ·ft. ..... _ ...... ---..=..-=r.. 

IJisCUSSIOJI (continued) .... I R 17 • I 

paaonne1 problems. ifhe hard cop1 received from the t'ield 1.1 

r1rat edited and collated 'bJ' the anal7ats (APSA-243) at Arlineton 

Jlall. then eent 8 a!lee to NAVSEOGTA to be punched.. !he punohine 

process lncludes thu r;akine or pace proofs, which aro chocked b7 

Ule punchers against tho edited hard cop1es1 tapes are corrected 

tr= this check :m,1. seooncl pace pl'Oaf'a are Nn. Thouo aiae thon 

•ent 8 :milea to A~l!ngton Hall, whero the anal7at3 or 243 check 

tibDm aga:!n, lflhlrJ' &l"e than aent 8 miles 'back to RAVSECS'l'A Wharo 

tlba Machirie D!v!sion•s punchers make t'inal correction• 1n tb.a 

RP•!.1 th0t1. 1"Un thc:'l to -.1 ·e hard ( "gra7") tap ea. The flN7 tapes 

Ute men 1ont S mles to Arllneton Hall Where the7 are run ·on the 

llOBIBs. It 1• not ~ puri>oae to emphasise the 32 miles ot tnvel 

Which this material \Jndereoes; !t 1a Nther rq purpose to point 

out the tollov1n:::: 

•• 

o. 

.,.,o diatinot groups o£ people! 8 ailea apart, ~n~aee 

1n what ia •saent1all7 a eine; e routine proceae. 

One ot thoee groups has a grado level avc~°"Efne; rul-2/), 

the other baa a grade level &Yerag1r-s OS-4/$. 

!'het'I !s nothinr more ditficul t about the routine 

opel'ltt!on ot the 08-4/S group than about that of 

the fJs-2./3 group. 

Aalde ~om th.a &PCUlllent that ed1t1ne and collation belon~, log1- e&'l1J and econom1call7, J!:!. the punohine proceaa (and are. 1n 

tact 11 o.f'tsn done there lii other areas or our et.tort), it would 

•oem to b6 poa=ible here to give the Machi.~• Dlv1a1on'• punohera J:dgber ~oapons1b111ties ~ higher sradee, thua kill!n~ the 

toilow1r_.z tbreo birds 1 

•• Belpil"-C to eolve the Ha.chine D1v1a1on'• peraonnel problems. 

b, Ric!4f.ne what ia oaten1ibl7 an ana.l7eta• a;roup or a 

.routine, mochAn1oa1 operation. . 

o. Savine total paraonnel, thus providing additional 

banda for, aaone other thinse, m&nnift£ ROBI1'a. 

11. tJOLDBERO. ~1• bordorline revolut1on1zei-•a aintenaiiae 

t!mo :l'W18-extremel7 h1shJ JS~ to SO%. D!eregardi!\8 th1a .taetor, wtdch is ooncoivabl1 capable ot correotion. ita uaace ia ot 

tntereat trm!! two atandpointa1 . 

•• tt ia v.aed b. onlJ ene ah1tt, which SU£g&ats the 

poes!bllit7 that a properl7 emancipated eroup ot .. thoda-1nvontora :d.ght be able to 4e•1ae some 

'Wies to till 1ta ape.re time. 

b. V1th proper preaaure beinc put on !ts eche4ule b7 

tshe cm.nc1pated ~roup ot metho4a-1n~entora, it 111 

eonce1vable that itD pre5ent 2S-So~ emploj!'lont as 

a ae1cctor would be ahitted to its leaa ve?'llat1le 

aousine! to permit its tull-tim.c uae 1n !ta h1ghei- oapab1l t7 •• an operator. 

lo:ne or OOLDBtraG•a less ve:raatile cousins are now fr.!Jplo;red onl7 

pU't time (in one •h1tt) or no t1mo at all. Consideration of' tb.ea~, vh!ch are colmten and tb.e elmpler kinda or selectors, and -;ne!r poaaible emplor-:ent leads directly into the next two 

p&ftgt'd.pha • 

llloloaui-e 111 th il"SA Inspector• a ropol"'t ot 

7 

. 

a 

. 

. 

.. 

~ 1 

.. 
REF ID:A60166 

AJ'SA 

lS August 19S2 

»ISCUSSIOH (continued) 

12. M1•oellaneous 81'1411 o-oerationa. Rveey ana1J't1oal •ection 

in 02 bas 'a conatant need l'or mu.1! piecemeal jobs 1n which ::achines 

oan minbd.ze man-houra. 801r.-a ot theae, ot a purol;; matl1ematlcal 

kind, are perto:rmed vith the aid ot tho anal7at•' desk-top IPi-iden 

ealc1llatara. An anal7at viahas to make a ma.th8?3at1cal computation. Uh• baa no Priden1 he oa.."1'1 do one or two th:t.ngas work it out b7 

band or tollov the :s.o.P to have the Job 4ona b7 the Machin& 

DS.v1e1on an the IBM-604 lor o•MALLEY, it appropriate)., Ir the Job 

la a "17 larse one, he vill, ot oours~! write it up and send it 

'o tho Maohi.ne Division, and. will ~•t !118 anawer 1n not less than 

two da78, It it la anythine other than T•r.f large, and ho w&nte 

file answer 19_.lgb1; £f, to f'lt 1n w1 th a currant train ot thought, 

he will proliii15I'j e a stab at work1n3 it out b~ hand. Po••••· 

elon ot the Friden mcana that h• 1• •••1ated and epeedod up 1n 

th1a oporationJ non-Eoaseaslon ot 1~ meana that the ~it v111 not 

m_ done or will ~£'&me Ine?.rlC!'in~. ~Iilimi cil'JoOli&i" '&ee'"n Uied puro 7 iiAD exa.!!!:;>le1ro are -.n7 countlns and. 

••lectine; joba to which the aal'l'lo argumonta apply. 'l'Wo of tha 

'baa!o chorea or Cl"J'Pt&..'l'l&l7a1a, monogra~hic and 4ierapbio t:requeno7 oountlng, are important ouea 1n point. An a.nal,.at ma.1 vant oounta 

Uken on one or tvo meaaae;ea "ther than a thousand. The thousand, 

ha would write up and eend to·'-;the Machine D1T:l•ionJ the one or ho 

Ile vO\lld toaa to a clerk to count manuall7, unless he baa a •chine 

oounter band7 and lrltoi'mal:Klmacceaaible. Poii'l1i1y the count or one 

oz- wo aeaeaee;-;"'aKvrn'.c~s that he wanta tbe oount on the entire 

tbouaand, in which case he will go thro'uch the tor.wal!ty or the 

work-roqueat to APSA-22 tor tr..e big Job. But poaelbly, 1natea~ 1 the oount o£ one ol' ~wo convinces him that thero•a nothlnc 1::.'l h1a 

hu.uch1 so ho alta..'ldO'."l& tba idea or fmttl1or countine. And thia laats 

ta !llPortant. tor U be cannot convonlentll cheok his idea on the 

w.1l._ ·~le hO ••iiueat thO 6§s 1ili ot D'Sl-22Vl'tli0ut aoliiik ~ci I• iiisa ve re8U1t-aio e7..-Ia'£ir ifter a conalaeia61e 

amount ot ertort b7 22 lnatoad ot ane hour later after an eaa7 

IUD. on hia own -chine). lii!Kactl1 aia!lar considerations appl7 to 

1lt.ding co1ncic!enco and. 41t1'el'oncine rruna. on 1;he whole, the lack 

of certain aachtne• directlz and 1nf'ormally available to the 

azaal.7ata leada to thi' !o11ow1ne inettlclenoie•t 

a. Work which ahoul~ be done 11 not done, or . '-· It la done b}" !land JUthods, or 

•• I' ia unnecesaar117 1ntlated to :make it big and 1.Diportant 

ttnougb to be put thl'ol.1,Gh the S.O.P. tor perrormance b7 

tbe central :naohlne poo1J or it la ordered 1n toto oven *- a t'1rat piecemeal reaulL !lfA.pgt ahow the completo job to be u.tm.eceseary. 

!bo principle• involved. here are recogn.1.aed, and aever:.a.l a•ot1ona 

bave their aaall machine roo::>.a. adjacent to the1~ main areaa. 

There 1a, howevep_,a mild. but; constant prea1ure to minimize thi• 

4iapen1on end to prevent 1tc turther growth; there ••ems to 'be 

a tm:idonc,. to aocopt u u1amat1o the the017 that 1t 7ou have 

eor.iothinc which 1a a -chine. and ao:meth!ng calleaa Hach1.ne 

D1v1•1on, the ma.chino m:uat obvioual7 b•lot'JL to tho Machine D1v1· 

a1on. A• a result, aame section.a do not have all the locall7 

eontrolled mach"lnes thoy need, and aomo have none at all. 

Central 20011nt"' ••~aua diapara!on tor o\er&tlori..al convent "pose £he Fo1101r-"lne," ata\;ement u &i1iiqi le 1 

bi. the abaonce or ove:rr1cline reasona to the oontrU'J' 

the tqole needed b7 a teclln!clan to do h a job ahoul~ 'he (&J under hie licnodiato control b near an4 

oonven!.ent to him, 

lnoto.uro with APSA InapectoP•a ~•port ot lS Auguet 1952 

• 

.. 

I 
REF ID:A60166 

USA lS A'QGuat 19S2 

DISCUSSION (continued) Y1IR I u • .. 

X bellove that there are three possible "o•err1d1ng reaaona to 

the cont:i-lll'J'", two or them oo:ipellint and one perm1ss1Te, u 

f-ollowas 

1.oa.011100 

•• '!'hero being only one tool ot the kind (or a 11ri1teC! 

l\\U'lber), and. that conat&ntlJ noodcd by more tban one 

distinct group ot techn1o1ana 1 centralized pooling under a a~at8lll of pr1or1t1ea 1a unavoidable. 

Lor1et1cs conatdera.t1ona euch that decentrallzed use 

voUld be YaAOCeRtablz expensive or ~~tallz 1.m:pract1ca- 1Jl.a. 

!.~~11Ye 

•• Tools employed in oont1nu1ng maa• operat1one or fixed 

t:;pea, with 1arr.e amounts ot raw ma.tel'iala, requtnne onl7 routine or 1.ntoraittent participation or •urve11-

1ance b;r the i-equ1rirte technicians. 

Alonf vtth these prlnciplea, there ahould be noted the eaeential 

cma led premise that an increased expanse caused by decentralization 1• not necesaa~!ly an lf'&COe~able expenee1 a ama.ll increase 

S.n ap~ional convenience may we I tie worth a lar~e increase 1n ~etiae1 tr the oporatlon !a an important one (opponente ~ thia 

rlev v!J.l cite the eaa&ntial evil per ae or the 14le machine, bz.lns:ine 1n the concept or the equivalence of -.n-houru and •Q.Ua.re feet. alree.47 mentioned). What these pr1nclplea point to 

vfth rega~d to A..'E"SAta anal7tical !l!&Ch1nory ta the yalidit7 in 

\hat f'ield ot what can bo ca.llod the Small Modol. Shops Pr1iic1ple. American induatey lone aeo discovered the :re4uot1o ad abaurJtW 

of the centra1!1ation-for-etr!cienc7 principle oarrled be)'ond a 

Jl'easonable pointi the Oove?'m:ient 11 a little bGhlnd 1nduet17 ln 

'111• regard laut ia. I believe learn1nc. !'b8 philosophies 1nvolvod have beon thorouchly dlscuased 1n other connections, 1.J1d 

aieed no t'urther bela.borlnc hera. 

14. 8Rec1fic &2f11cat1on o~ decentraltzat!on er1nc1\:le to 

Fimea'rmach'.lneit. A• tli!a-phl1oaopliy app!lea epec!:.r caltf 

• there la o v1ousl7 both :roo:i and neceaait7 tor both 

Olltltl"al pool!nz and dispersion. A'fLA!; JIOMAT>l GOLDB'mGi 8UTK II, the l>EMO!le, t>iiLLA SLED. and a rew otbera obv oual.J' 1'al under 

the :tirat oompe11!nc roaaon ror oentttal poolin.c. 'l'he BOBili• (at leaat 1n their preaant ueae•l and a largo part ot the IBM co~lex 

come under the perm1.as1vo rea•on tor central pooling, and therelora (aince the lo~1at1ce cona1derationa alwa1a point to centl'lll 

pooltnc •ven 'When the7 4o not ccx:;>ol it) need not be ~oucht over 

a the baa1a of tho co1-:ipollil"-G reasons. CADILLAC, the .trequenc7 

eounters,, the deak calculators, the HATHEWa (and theix- fellow 

eoapellers>,•ICCOLO, !!tKJ!', and auch are obv1oualy tools ror 

!D41Tidua1 il.nal.19ta and ana.l.ytlcal aectlona, but aono who need 

them oooaa1onall7 do not have them, and tho~e 1a,, in oUJ'" list, 

no ooincldonce selector o~ digraph counter Wholl7 suitable to~ 

decentralized uao, althougl1 there is need for tb.oae. In this 

oonnact1on lt 1e noted that the Machine D1v1a1on haa tho two 

TO-mm gene"-l COI?:;>a.ratora, four apec1al1zod 1electora (the COP?i!RBEA.Da and 1':S3l~a), and one 1ilaple atatiatical crib placer (Si'ORX) which a:rc not beine used at all, but which (with the 

probab1o exception or the COPP~ar-are applicablo to anal7tlOal pi-oble:os that coma up h'om time to time. The reason whf these 

are not usoa is that OOLDBWRG oi- IBM or ROBIH do the Jobs moN 

eonven1ent17 or mo:re 41U1okl7. But 1 t •ppeai-a to .e that !Bl 

• 'I 

. 

1 

... 

-

,;; 

'I 

.. • 

t 
REF ID:A60166 

AFSA 

lS' Augws t l9S2 

IUSCUSSIOH (continuod) 

wf'n vh1oh uaar-e rir;ures ahow ,!!. not needed !!l ~ centrcl 

&.PJ iii! a E:z:t1yE'nve cani!lciit't!tor trinirer £0 a •ectlon tliiit Yt. ~ an eae,- extemfon ot tl'Lla. an;--machlno thar111111& 1$Urea ahow 1a uaod exclus1vol7 or ~ly •o bJ' one 

Mct1on is a 1t~~ candidate tor tr:m::ater to that section. 

U'ndeia this reason I\(! SK.AW. I could T9f7 well have been ~ven '° l..PSA-243 (tor COLLitIOOE work) dur1nc the past elx month.a,, 

aru.t the tvo '001·1!21=.e eould be turnod ovor to APSA-233. Several groups~ 1nclu41ns 041 • analysla division. have da~1n1te need 

fo1' 11. amall 11.lilO'Ul\t of on-the-spot IBM machiner;r Ul1der their 

lanedlate oporat10J'lal control. 

lS. t"..evelopmor•t needs ln co!1Tioct1on with decentra11.zat1on. 

l>e•p1t.e t!io foroco!rie tlio !'ac~ hii iiiO 1Ue ·- eomparatore And that the~e aro at least two aect!ons that noed 

1;o makt> occaa1or..al allding co1ncidenee runs on the spot Clo not 

neco9aartly add up to a 4ec1elon to g1vo theao aectlons thoa~ 

.ampai-atora. The 70-~ C0'_.1aratora are obaoleto and a Uttle 

oomp1u to operate and M!nta!n. It is quite poaaiblo that 

noey aec tlon 1n 02 vould. l"utuae tho gitt ot ono. 'l'l~4) sec t1ona 

vauld ..D9!_, however, refusa a aL!!ple• modom coaparator operat1na 

at Mcli"ii&te .speed tram T/T paper tapes or a ar..11111 dirm,h counter 

operat1..wie; tl'Ol'l a keJboard or tror. ta;,e. !'here 1a a det:1nite need ~ such •il!Ple analytical ~ac~!nos suitable ror 4eccntra11zod 

ue and capable or .t'"'.mot1on111(" vith :Un!n.im matntenance. 'rho 

Di!llHAM ~roject m1cht com:e1va.bly lead to equ1p111cnt bavln:: just 

u ilDJPonant uaos 1n t .. t'SA contN.l proccestne as 1n tba tiold 

oatfita tor which it is be1nc; 4ea1ened • . -

1'..., to;:1st1ca cons1dorat1ona, rentals. The tbow1.a.t ti1&t 

... "1•oentrallzed WIG or 'O'o'iii"'onbional lt;M -.chineey is dea1r91>1e brlnt";a up a loclatlc• factor •h1ah 1a peeull~r to that 

IWChinc17; that 1•• the matter or rental costs an~ its boarinc 

on ut111sat1on. We have been 91"011e ta accept as axiomatic the 

14oa that a ronted !!J&Chlne vaetes money 1D the appro.ximnte proportion of ·1ts idle time. 'J"hi" idea I now wish to cballo030 

arK\ rorute. 1.Jnles• tho :machino 1a ent.lrol.:f idle. tb'3 amount or 

ldl.e ttr.:.c baa •en little t;o do with whothor ite rental 111 

jast1t1od or vaated. 'l'b.e anly eona1deratlon that a1gn1:t1cantl7 a1"1'ect-' the juat1t"1ab111tJ' o~ a rental oost ta trhat use (not 

'bow man.L~:W-a er wse) haa boan c:..ot out or the m"ac1iliie. l?"-

tbe mo produooa mont.."il.7 resulta that •PO vorth more tharl. 

l'8 -.mth~ rental, tho l"Glltal ie Juat1f1ed, whether tho machine 

produce:1 the re:sulta 1n one ho~'• operation or 720. tr these 

reaul ts can be obtained v:l th central pool!n.z, t.hen the machine 

ahmlld be central.lJ pool.e4, •o that it oan bo uaed to proauce o~~r result• tor other tuial.7ata ln otherwise 1d1e timoJ but 

U ~ aannot, the machine ah"'9..t.1~ not be ~oolod. and aho\il'CT be 

'Iirtvrth the ana1ya£ wWi neeas It liiie'E'a e'1y Aft1lab1e. The 

eo:.t ot ~ t ts idle till'le la zero; the coat ot its results la 

tho coat or rental. Tho only quest1on1t app11cable arcn 

•• 

c. 

ta the omplOJ'tl&nt dependent on the U11J.lyst•a having 

the :mao111ne 1mned1t1.tcl,- •va1lablc? . 

If' •• how man7 man-houra docs he eave wlth the 

machine. an4 vbat resulta doe3 he cet that he would 

aot nun attempt without 1tt 

?11 the total operational TC.luo o~ b. wo:rth the rcnte.1 

a.oat? · 

The rental econO"V real1zebl'> frO'Cl contral J.I0011nc. vhero th1a 1• 

poas1blo9 should be rcgardod aa h1gh1y we1coao volvot 9 not aa • 

necess&l'J cond1t1an of machine om:ploJ".1!.ont. 

lnclosure with APSA !napoctoP1 • report; ot l.S A1Jt!;U.Sto 19S2 

10 
REF ID:A60166 

A!i'SA 

1;; Aur,ust 195'2 

DlSCUSSIOU (continued) 

17. Lo~ .. !attce con•ider3.i:.1ona, other. A.etrre tror. rental coata, 

11h1ch 1• • ccins!de:ratlcn pecu!!ar to !Aft al.one, the lo:-;1•t1ca .:ra.oto~a involved ••e •• rollowar 

a. Procure 'i.Orlt and atortnr; or oan.aumab1e aupp11ea (pap·ar. aar4a. tar-e. etc.) 

It. -t!"ltenarice, inolud1n,e procuro:w.nt and 8tOP11\r- or 

••ntenAJ.'\ce part•, 

•· Prov1eion or trained. opentlng po:z-soMel, 

\'ha prcrr1e1cn ot trained operatlne personnel ror 4ecentra1ise4 

•chineey s.., b7 the nature ot the problc~11 easil7 solved. It 

would not be it the 11i8.Ch1nea were required to be .tu.117 manned, 

but decont.re.l.iaed 1n.-aaeot1on aachlnel"J" uaual.l;y 4oea not have to 

be 1\1117 •nned. It 1• ~ tlle e11aence ot th.ia kind. or-•chine 

arploJment ~t lt 1• onl1 1.nter:dttant, and that. in general, 

one or t;wo full t1.ue attondanta will •u!'t!ce ror a 'POO!D tu11 

ot mach1ne•1 the anal.7•t• tbemaelvea and tho1~ ole:r1cal aides 

vlll tlll 1n •• lntorwlttent aactdne operators an occasion, and 

v111 thercb;y 4o the!!'".1881Tea mid the Govornment more eood than 

haJim. T!le rew pezt"".:iar.aent tull-t1~e attondanta needed tor aucb 

1nstallat1one ahould be easily within tho capac1tJ of the Machine 

D1vleion to provide, on a rotat1Il2' baei•. Aa ro~ aupp11es &?l4 

ma.1.ntenance. it 1• tl'UA that d!apersion adds to the coat of theae, 

but this added cost 1• .m.tm.ndsed bJ" keep!l'l3 the ro51ons1b111ti ~ma 

~lz ...n4 maintenance centralised 1n the Machine D vision. Wf£JiiUC an-aFrancm"liln\. the O!iiz aCldlt1cm&r-eost aUrI'6uti'6te '° 

cl1apera1on or •omo mach1ne17 1• the additional man-hours of a!ntenance time entailed 1n tho ptqatcal aeplJ.1'9.t1on ot tho r.w.ch1nes. 

l bel1evo that thla would be necllg1ble in the 11P')lt of the gain• 

to bit expected 1n ,92on.tiona~ convenience. 

J.8. Reconclliation or ape~ational convenlenco and central ~!if· 1E !a £bio~ol1ca1tj poaafbte ao to ioeato and orbanlse 

-:z cal. groups and tho •chinea that aerve thom that we both 

acet the roqu1rG!lent or oporat1onal convenience and realize tho 

a4vante.e;ns ot centrAl 51091.ine. Tho ~ollowtnz topological (to eoir. a uaage of the word) diar,ram 1llu.tratea the poaa1b111t1e•. 
~~~~~~-- -----.- ----..---.---.-r-..~-~----

REF ID:A60166 

991 CANOE 

ftP 85GRB!' Sldf QE 

i!@CUSSI,9R (cont1nue4) 

In the J"l'eparat1on Kach1ne17 ring vould be all preparatlon 11aohino17, 

'both that aentral.11 pooled and that al.located to 1nd1rldual sectlona ~or the!~ direct control; the punchea allocate~ to a aeet!on would. 

rou&bl;y, be those adjacent to u~. but allooat1ona would conatAntl7 

change with nrylng %lCOda under ccmt:nltae4 pr1ortt1e• control. 

'ftaa aame would geno:rall7 bo true ot the next t;wo rln,cs. Co:mnon a~plY an4 ... intenance would a•l"Ve all parts ot the !na~allat1on 

l'lld-1-•..-117 t'rom the center. Be•1dee moatJ.ne the 41rec~ oporat1onal needa involved, ~ arr~emont along these linEu• weuJ.d have the 

i'ollovinc added lndlttect advantagea1 

a. Vau1d aaai•t 1n closing the gap betveon the two parta or :routine preparation now done ln tb.e analytical ••ctiona on the one band. and in the Jfach!ne Division 

e the ether (aec pa:ra. lo. a~ove), tac!litatinc tbe 

Jl1n1.a1s1ng ot the peraonne1 enca£ed in thia work. 

it. Vould pl"Omote, through oloae ccmtact, tho anal7t1oal 

oompetence ud background or •ob!ne operatol"a. 

e. Would p!'Ol?lOtc, 1ibx-oue;h cloae contact, the aaal7eta• 

appreciation and underatanding or machine pz-ocoaaos and potent1al1t1ea. 

It 1• ~reclated that J11U17 taotora render it 1mposa1ble to achieve 

11 tez-al. con:rorm.1 t7 vi th thi• eoheme in our urangemen t or ac tu.al 

noo:r apace and p?qaioal tac111ties. Thia being t.ue. one ot the 

l'equ!Pe.m.onta 1nYolved will alva7a b&Ye to be aacritioed to aomo 

tattont lD favor er ~ otheP. I believe that~ in accordance VS.th 

the pr1nc1plea developed in proced!ne paragraphs, ve should lean 

90N to diapei-aal tor opel'&tional convenience t;httn we have 1n \he 

put. IAt me make it abundantly c1ear that this 1s ~ an 1.ndorse118%lt ot t.be utterl1 unacceitab1e diaperaal representec:r-b~ amae or 

the machine !iiita!iatlona a£ laval Seeur1t7 ~tation, complotol7 r1m&0vec1 tram the groups that use thens. The concentration ror 

concentration•• aake ~epreaentod DJ' putting un~elated COMIF.T unita 

togethor at Arlinston Hall Vhila leaving eaaential parta ot their 

proceaaea at •avsecSta bae been an eJtceed1ne17 dead doe a1nce late 

1949, but I cannot nalat th1a ono last laah at it. 

19. Machine Hethoda Greun. In pa.r&graph S thel"e has beian 

41aouaaed ~Si emp1oJ111Gnt o't l!LAS and othel"" "reTolut1on1sere" U 

l'Uoh. In p~ph 7 there hu baen 41•cua•ed the non-emp1oJ1l1ent of J.PSA..,,22'• •Methodal 'BftDCh9 aa aucb. t'he two are intimately nlato4. CeP1;a1nl7 if there 1• an7 poaa1b111t7 ot 1ncreas1n:?; 

Afi.AS'•t and DH•a, uid. GOLDBERG'• emplo;:raent 1n the1l' run.er 

capab1l t1aa, 1t 1• tho function of the Method• Branch to deT1ae 

the ...,.. to do eo. But, aa ha• been ahown, the7 haYe not enough tiao tor th1• leTel ~ act1v1t7 under the preaent a?Wrantse:ment, 

and the7 are orgdlzat1onal1J aeparated trom t.ba anal.7tlcal 

pt"obleJllS 1nvolve4 and organlsatlonall7 tied to the arhl1n1atrat1~• 

1robleme o~ the oentml •chine pool. Bo amount ot"•i!alaori" e 

coordination• can eompletel7 make up for the n!ao~!entation ot 

T1ev-po1nt• ~ch 1• Sapose4 on the ifcthoda people 'bJ' theee O:f'gmi,.. Mt1onal a~em.ente. I propoae the tollow1ne eollltions 

•• Aboli•h the •thod.B Branch within A.PSA-22. 

It. Retain • -11 group (one or two) or 11tart aa•1atani• \1.'Dde~ APSA-22 to aaa1at him in aeoond-level aohedul1ng and ,tob d1apa toh1ng. 

•• !'ranater the Method• Branchta progl"aJlllllag r~..m.ottonm 

to the op~rattng branch•• or b~h ot A..PSA-22. 

l:ncloaure w111h .A.Ji'SA Il.Ulpeotor•a report o~ 1S' .Au.suet l.9S2 1.~ 
;.axaz ILJ.IJ a MAUt 4 J ts -~2. 2 -

c. 

REF ID:A60166 

AJl'SA 

lS .A.\16uat 19.$2. 

pt.BCUSSIOW (cqntinuod) 

bta'bliah • tlachiue Hethoda (lroup 41s-ectlJ under the 

!HJ:mical Jlirector or APSA.·02 (02T), with parttc1pat1on (ftex oftloio" or •aayj.•ol"J'• •~ 'ldlatever othor word• will 

.a\ist'J' our o~gan1sat1onal JDCroa) b7 AP8A•)5 • 

._ Jtachino Methoda Qroup, Wlder APaA-02'? would ha•q the ~eapona1b111tJ tor rirat-level proe&ae and macblne •ched.uline and roP !Dau~lne; boat and .tu.llo•t possible uae or the rovolut1onizers 

anct ma.x1mu:?L poes1ble aerv1ce 'bJ' the labor•a&To~a. The7 voul.d 

not, ~ courae, retrain e11tl:rol7 troa pro,;Nmrllne. sinco the 

1'1'1t1ns or new and protot7pe prosl"&UUI would be an tr-separable 

)Hlrt ot tho1r vork, but the;r would he rolleved entirely or tho 

n•pon•tblllt1 for routlne and rollow-up pro,riar-...na1ns. (lior. 

lncldentall.1', would the deyelopnent or 1doaa tor new machine 

-.p11cat1ona ~· 41acouraeed in APB.1~22. It could bo e:gpected '11at mald.ng tbc ~hlne opera tlnc 'branches part o~ the anaJ.7t1cal ~ would result aotua.117 in 1.ncrease4 thinking tlone theeo 

Unea w1 th1n the Kach1ne Di v1a1on. ) · 

10. !chine D1v1e1on op"'\lsatlon, othe:r u14ts. .lFSA-22'• 

pre•ant •p te fietiioon £Se • H !nnoti" and thO " J! Branch" does 

aot appear to be t-oc ft.lid t"roZ! a lot-:1ca.l .t"wlat1cmal etandpoint. llYerJ machine iD tbD •ISM Eranch• 1e a •1'8.p14 analyt1ca111&chine". the HAM Branch" 1• tull or !BR maoh1neey, the RAM Branch usea 

both t&lpo and ca:rda aa hoth 1Dputa and outputa and acme IBM Corp. •nelop:::onta nave turned to tape and aomo procc~nsea are done 

par\\17 'bJ' "IBM" machines and pa:rtl7 b7 •RAM"'. '!'here vou1d ••e;u 

to be aomo lo-:1c 1n ap11tt1n.,"; 22'• Ha1n1'enance Tlranch into two 

at thia baa1•t but not hia proce••trig CC>t1po.'1ont&. Ot couno an 

lllocical •P1 t or thi• kind doos no great harm pe:r ••~ but when 

1• 1a the ~alcal DUP"ti~eatation or a h&!'1'L-rul and d1•rllpt1ve •p11t between tvo r!Tal ph1losoph1ea or analrtical machine devolop-. Mntl •• 1n thia eue, it vou'.ld aeem. to be a4v1aa.blo to ass1a~ the 

lwial ng ot tho breach b7 removing \he •Jl!lb01. I theretore recamaen4 that the two b~chos hG rqade 1Dto one. or U cme would be 

too larse tor 0•7 ad..~1n1atrat1on. that the apltt 1te bued on some 

•re valid ocnsidei-atlon (•lJCh u. at the ••ant, tho untortuna.te 

ell'oumatancea ~ phys1oal location). 

11. llaob!no .D1v1a1on atr5tb. Better ad tulle:r uae or 

•chine aldi, acco'ra:n:;g '£0 Ehiprlnc1ples o~ thia 41acuas1on, •hould tallow .tra:a the ertorta ~ a proporl1 oonat1tutod, 

popes-17 auborJ.!nated Mach1ne Hethoda O:roup. Th.ta w!ll pz.- •uraablJ .aean a larGer allocation of peraonu.al to the Machine 

Division at once, and • cona1derabl;r larger allocation ult1-

•te]J. I uve no apec1f'1c propoaala alon& these linea. be- lieT1~ that tAe preaaurea generated b7 tho Machi.no Methocla 

Group Will result 1n the right 1m11wers •• ve go alone and tbat:: 

GUZ' ?U-a t preoc cupa tlon •hould be vi th personnel q,ual l t7 ira ther 

than numbers. but I point out the ~ollowinss 

.... 

Slnoe maoh!nea aultipl{ men and ainialze ll5.t1•houra. 

h.kinc men rrom analyt oal aeatlona and giving the~1 

to the Hach!ne D!Yii~on theorot!oall7 repraaents gain• 

not lo••• 

J11lit&:17 peraonnol ha••• in the put, .f'lmctioned. ve17 

Mt1e.taotor1q 11& tho pre-APSA -.chine ilv!eiona. 

!.'.J:MMle two point• are clevolopcd in the zie.xt ~o paragrapha. 

12. JJacldne Div1a1on 9racmnel - balance with an.alfiical 

eetiona' and clher a'Erm":-. m ata!oi:ieuti tliit, g!von too 

p90£3"1.e;tm; Pew an. atiie a.re beat emp107ed o;>era.tlng 

-fl' •I CAN6£ 

ftp IBtf!lft 8Al85 

JncloauJ'e with A.PSA Imlpecto:r•• i-eport ot l$ .&ugut 1952 .. _.._ -- - - -
REF ID:A60166 

.-ch!nee w...ioh ll'Ultlpl.7 per-:s.n-hour output 1a. of oourae 1 an 

OT8!9111.il4pl1ficat1on. In the f1rat place. the tll&Ohinea must be 

p'l'Operl7 employed to •ke thia tl"llaJ 1n the aecor.46 since th.ero 

!II a cona1derable &m'>unt of non-me'h1n., c,fi"ort in preparinc job• !'er the -.chines and 1n utilising theli- reaUl.ta,, t.hcre baa to be 

a bal.ance. 'baaed in each oa~e on spec1ttc a.nd unique corus1dera .. \1ona. between the atr.,DLtl"1 or tAo groups ael'ved and ot the 

machine-operator groups that ••rn tho'!Tl. 'l'hwl, there vould be 

DO point 1n robbing AFSA•24l' a COT. "'ilIOOF. 8CC t1011 to Mn Sllft I 

t'or tuller operation elnce, at the z:o::uent, the eotEHIDOE &eetton 

1• not l.ar&o enough to roed l&Jld util.1:o an o.xpanded. !T .... 'lTR I 

'9Pt'l"atlon. Tharo might, l'-awevar, be aorne point 1.n 1naz-o.ri:Jine 

JHJBDI ope~ct1on at the expense or APSA-243'• Atrl"ATROS5 eect1en. 

a1nce the latter is ncnr able to produce a steadily increasing \ackloe of vor~ tor th.a Ha.chino l>iylaion. I do not, howe .... er, 911.ke •DJ apecitic recommend.e.tiona 1n this reapaot, alnoe AP'S.A.-02 

and h1s aas1etants and advlae:ra preaur.Jabl7 ha.ve the aatte~ in 

llmd 1n tho light ot a11 or the ractoPs 1nvo1v0d l'B.thet- than ~t the tew 'bi-oueht out here. I 4D believe, hot:roV"er. that all 

idmin1strat1ve, sana:;a"119nt, and ori;an1z&t!o:nal 4ev1coa whtch 

would tend to civo tho~ a rz.oer hand and greater tlexlb!l1ty 1n 

ald.tting strength baok and :!o:rth u needs ..ary should be explored tor aeop,1on. with necessary .. a1atance end aup9ort trOlll 

'119 Peraonnel Division anc the Co?:?".ptrollerta iianaeoment BNnob. 

la ad.d1t1on, I auggeat thata a1noe wo havo no a1nE1• -.nagement m4. •thod.e p!tOblo:m u:re lmpo:rtant than the pl"ope:r ut111z•t:Lon 

of Otll" CO~I!ft •chine rasoul'C3S 1 an4 a1nce plans tor the 4-Telop ... •nt and ei!:!r'nt o-r theae reacunea a.re WllG the a.oat 

Important p n~ ;roblen involved 1n our meat :laportmt m.ajol" tiold, it would he no los• to allocate to APSA·02'• 'Ma.chino 

Xethoda Group ao~o o~ t.ba ap.aaea now devoted. to M"&gement. aethods1 and ~lana ln the Sta.ft »1v1s1ona ot AP'SA•OOF and APSA-12 • .1.1.thoua-~ aome ot t.ha bodies tor thia Cro119 wculcl hayo to ocnse 

flta::z the Macl:1n• D1v1•1on's prcasnt Hetboda !)ranch, t11ia would p~t toJ"!lline the SJ"Oup vlthout rob1.:>1nc the ~htne Diviaion of' 

•J' mnerloal ati--encth. 

Z). ~h1ne D!T1a1on ~•raonnel - uae or ~111tJU7. l're•AFS.\ tmal7t1oa~zuacfi!~e dlvlslonlf, especial~t!ii l2av71a• utilized 

a111ta?'J' personnel to ezcollent •4vantage. There are no ad:lll1n1•• ~rat1ve hindrances to movinr, m111taPJ personnel rrom Job to ~b 

u atJ"Oncth needs Y&l"J", an~ military personnel can bo O¥er&tect 

:ln ah.1.tta •• iaoqu!red.. JiTor these two reasons, l't(ltct or our :aoh1ne 

pereonr..el proble=a voul~ disappear tr •• had a au.tricient toroe o~ &d.equately qualified mil1tar,- porsoanol. But the Mavy•s ODCtime .... 11 torce ot adequatel7 ,u.11t1ed analyLlcal ?!DI.chino 

para01JJ1el has frittered away. what with normal attrition without 

npla.coment and ~ho J:aq•a 1ns1atonce on rotation (in a ak1ll 

where rotation 1s entirel7 1nappropr1•te), until it has prac- ticall7 d1aappeared. We could realize a considerable advantaeo 

r,or::. having a larger proportion ot t'llr machine 011entor atr•DGth 

tn m.111taey peraonnol. and en:-;, ettort abould be ma~& to enlist 

the QQQpcration and aupport cf the 11••7 in retll4~1~ al 1 aya!labl• machine .men to dut7 he~e and ot all three Serv1eoa in buildin6 ~ ~ ~ or competent \\tl.ltormad machine operators. with nec&a•aiwJ" 

spoe!.!il 41epen.aatlono regard1n,e perm&n'"1co and rotation. 

Al'V =:t A~irg·d.::1r~°:!:n~:!!~: ~~!z-::.,~: ::•::•ion 

ropOl*t. In general~ the7 !'all into three ~s, which MJ' bo 

CtSpreese4 aa threo major ~ inclusive racommenftationa, a.a foll01tu1 

•• 'M:iat tho utilisation. or our &D&l.J"t1cal ma.chine• be 

lncreased" &a appl"opr1ate to the wo divergont re .. tutmonta or their two oategoriea !Lli~a11t7. --1 CANOE 

!OP I eG'.R~ 6Alrl GIB 

l?!elosure vith A.FSA Iruspecto:r'• report o~ 1.S Auauet 19.$2 

~M·~ ....... =~~'-~-~4:::!:~!!!E!!!:~~!! :..- -._ .. -:- - .. 
REF ID:A60166 

DISCtTSSlUH (00:1t1nue4) 

Wbat; the 1•ed1ate ••M or doing th!• be certain iae~rs~S.aat1on• w1th1:n APBA-.02, p!'1nc1pa111 the .n:1f o~ the machine methods and achec!ul.1ng .tune ,1on out or AP&.4-22, and the putting Gt 1 t 

tl1re,tl7 (VS.th adequate •Utt) ec!er 02T. 

,,. tftMttJblprovod sch1no ut111a&t1on and porto~e bo p:rcm~ted by• t!rat, z-a1a!nc the qualitJ ot machine 

pers nnol b] 1ncroas1n,g their raapona1b111t1ea alKl 

ocr.ip tance and ra1a1ng tbei'l" gi-ado etructure and. 

•ec , inoreaaine their 11U!?l!>en. includin!~ lncro••in£ 

$he oport1on ot milita17 peraonnel PSODC them,. 

•• '!'hat the W10 ot ••11, decentn.l!:ced machine 1neta1lat1mu11- directly uuder individual eectiona ~ut with 

eentzta,11se4 auppl;y and -1ntenanco, be .toatel'"ed, and .s.ac~:;a •• required, and 1ihat our clevoloplilent ~ take aooOUDt ~ t.he need.8 1uvo1Te4. 

%m:losuro Id th A Iwapectol'"' • i-eport; or 1$ Augwat 19$'2 - ..;:..~ ...... -:.- '::.-mr.-:-• .-.-:Aw~---·'k 1._.._._::·~UE:u ........ _f'_,._z .. r ·-'.:.-.'it !:::Jit!lf".~t.. ..., .r :.·:~--t.·:,-.-;;:::;w:; • .,:;;-·,;.!, .... _I • ..:..... m· a"'!E"-...-..... ,.;., .... t:1