THIRD DIVISION

MILLER, P. J.,

MCFADDEN and MCMILLIAN, JJ.

NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be

physically received in our clerk’s office within ten

days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.

http://www.gaappeals.us/rules

November 9, 2016

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia

A16A1259. IN RE: ESTATE OF JIMMY CURTIS.

MCMILLIAN, Judge.

Jimmy Curtis, an adult ward, appeals from the superior court’s order denying

his motion to modify his conservatorship. In that motion, Curtissought to replace his

conservator, Robert Long, with Virginia Hilton or Cuddell Ollis, two of his sisters.

We affirm for the reasons set forth below.

Long is Curtis’s brother-in-law, married to a third sister, Jewel Long. The

probate court named Long as Curtis’s conservator in an order dated August 28, 2013.

Less than two years later, on April 30, 2015, Curtis filed a motion in probate court to

modify his conservatorship, requesting that either Hilton or Ollis replace Long as his

conservator. Curtis’s motion asserted that Long had breached his duties under OCGA

§ 29-5-22, by consistently failing to consider Curtis’s expressed desires and personal
values, failing to communicate with or be reasonably accessible to him, and failing

to uphold his dignity and respect. See OCGA § 29-5-22 (b) (1), (2). Under Georgia

law, where, as here, “the petition for modification does not allege a significant change

in the capacity of the ward,” a court has discretion to modify a conservatorship “upon

a showing that the modification is in the ward’s best interest.” OCGA § 29-5-71 (c).

After holding a hearing on the motion, the probate court denied the motion in an order

dated June 4, 2015, based on a finding that “no evidence was offered that proves any

misdoing or misusing of any of the ward’s funds by the conservator.” 

Curtis appealed the probate court’s order to the superior court in accordance

with OCGA § 29-5-110 (a),1 which provides for a de novo review of the matter. See

1

 OCGA § 29-5-110 (a) provides, in pertinent part, that

the ward, individually or by the ward’s legal counsel, representative, or

guardian ad litem, or the petitioner may appeal any final order of the

court to the superior court in the county in which the proceedings were

held. The appeal shall be in the same manner as other appeals from the

probate court to the superior court but shall be heard as expeditiously as

possible. The appeal shall be de novo unless by agreement the parties

specifically limit the issues. . . . The burden of proof shall be upon the

petitioner and the standard used by the court in reaching its decision

shall be clear and convincing evidence. 

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also OCGA § 5-3-2 (a) (“An appeal shall lie to the superior court from any decision

made by the probate court, except an order appointing a temporary administrator.”).

Under OCGA § 5-3-29, 

[a]n appeal to the superior court in any case where not otherwise

provided by law is a de novo investigation. It brings up the whole record

from the court below; and all competent evidence shall be admissible on

the trial thereof, whether adduced on a former trial or not. Either party

is entitled to be heard on the whole merits of the case.

See also OCGA § 29-5-70 (a).2

“The filing of the de novo appeal in superior court has

the same effect as if it had been commenced originally in the superior court,” and the

superior court’s task “is to try the issue anew and pass original judgments on the

questions involved asif there had been no previous trial.” (Citations and punctuation

omitted.) Long v. Greenwood Homes, Inc., 285 Ga. 560, 562 (679 SE2d 712) (2009).

See also In re Estate of Wade, 331 Ga. App. 535, 536 (771 SE2d 214) (2015). 

Thus, Curtis bore the burden on appeal to the superior court to show by clear

and convincing evidence that the requested modification was in his best interest.

2

 OCGA § 29-5-70 (a) provides, in pertinent part, that “[u]pon the petition of

any interested person, including the ward, or upon the court’s own motion, the court

may conduct a judicial inquiry into whether the ward is being denied a right or

privilege provided for by this chapter and may issue appropriate orders.”

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OCGA §§ 29-5-71 (c) (best interest standard); 29-5-110 (a) (burden of clear and

convincing evidence).3 The superior court found that Curtis did not meet his burden.

“Absent an abuse of discretion, we will not reverse [a lower] court’s determination

asto who willserve an individual’s best interests as conservator.” Cruver v. Mitchell,

289 Ga. App. 145, 146 (1) (a) (656 SE2d 269) (2008).

1. In his first enumeration of error, Curtis asserts that the superior court

incorrectly found that Curtis was not denied a right or privilege by Long because

Long did not make himself reasonably accessible, improperly disposed of Curtis’s

property, and failed to treat him with dignity and respect. See OCGA §§ 29-5-20 (a)

(2), (6); 29-5-22 (a), (b) (1) & (2); 29-3-35. 

The evidence from the hearing on Curtis’s motion demonstrated that Long was

substantially performing his duties as Curtis’s conservator, and it is undisputed that

3 We note that at the superior court hearing on Curtis’s motion, both parties

incorrectly framed their arguments under a preponderance of the evidence standard.

These arguments apparently were based on OCGA § 29-5-71 (d), which providesthat

“[i]n any proceeding under this Code section that would restrict the powers of the

conservator or restore powers to the ward, the burden is on the petitioner to show by

a preponderance of the evidence that the [requested] modification is in the ward’s

best interest.” Pretermitting whether Curtis’s probate court motion to change

conservators constituted such a proceeding, Curtis’s burden on appeal to the superior

court was governed by a different statute, which required a showing of clear and

convincing evidence. OCGA § 29-5-110 (a). 

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Curtis’s health and financial situation had improved since his appointment. Curtis

admitted that Long spoke with himon the phone approximately once a month and had

come to see him four times in a six-month period. The evidence also supported a

finding that they communicated about Curtis’sfinancial affairs. To the extent that the

evidence was disputed, for example, as to whether Long treated Curtis without the

requisite respect or whether he properly communicated with him, we must defer to

the superior court judge, who observed the testimony in person, to weigh and resolve

any conflictsin the evidence. See Cruver, 289 Ga. App. at 147 (1) (b) (appellate court

will uphold lower court’s factual findings if they are supported by any evidence and

defer to the court’s credibility determinations). Additionally, Curtis presented no

evidence to dispute Long’s testimony that he sold Curtis’s property at the probate

court’s specific direction and that the money was placed in Curtis’s bank account.

Curtis admitted that he had no evidence to show that Long had ever stolen anything

from him. 

Although Hilton testified she was willing to act as his conservator, she was

ambivalent about whether he actually needed a conservator, a pointCurtis himself did

not contest. And though both Ollis and she stated that they frequently spoke with

Curtis on the phone, neither had made an effort to visit Curtis in person at the VA

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facility to investigate his current living conditions, and they had made no apparent

effort to determine his financial situation. In addition, there was evidence that Curtis

inappropriately spent his allowance4

on other people, including hissisters, by sending

them his debit card in the mail for their use. 

Based on this and the other evidence presented, we cannotsay that the superior

court abused its discretion in finding that Curtis failed to show by clear and

convincing evidence that he was denied a right or privilege by Long as provided in

OCGA § 29-5-22.

2. In a related enumeration of error, Curtis contends that the superior court

erred in not allowing him to obtain a conservator that is in his best interest. We

disagree for the reasons stated in Division 1. In addition, we note that although under

OCGA § 29-5-3 (b) (1) and (7), an individual nominated by an adult ward prior to the

appointment of a conservator is given the highest ranking in the statutory order of

preference for conservators, while a relative like Long is seventh on the list, the

probate court originally appointed Long as conservator. Nothing in the record

demonstrates that Curtis either nominated anyone else prior to that appointment or

4 The evidence showed that Long put $450 per month in Curtis’s bank account

for his personal spending, $250 more than recommended by the VA facility at which

Curtis lived and which provided 100% of his room and board. 

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appealed the probate court’s order appointing Long. And although the statute

provides that a court must give consideration to the order of preference, it may also

“disregard a person who has preference and appoint a person who has a lower

preference or no preference.” OCGA § 29-5-3 (a). “[U]ltimately[, the court is]

required to appoint as conservator that person who shall bestserve the interests of the

individual.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Cruver, 289 Ga. App. at 146 (1) (a).

Accordingly, we likewise find no abuse of discretion in the superior court’s

determination that it was in Curtis’s best interest to deny the motion to modify the

conservatorship.

Judgment affirmed. Miller, P. J., and McFadden, J., concur.

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