1

OFFICE OF

CHEMICAL SAFETY AND

 POLLUTION PREVENTION

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON D.C., 20460

MEMORANDUM

 PC Code: 125851

 DP Barcode: D341496

 June 7, 2010

SUBJECT: Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Section 3 New 

Uses of Isoxaben on Bearing Nut Trees and Vineyards

TO: Bethany Benbow, Product Review Manager

Kathryn Montague, Product Manager 

Registration Division (7505P)

FROM: Brian Kiernan, Biologist

Charles Peck, Environmental Engineer

Environmental Risk Branch IV

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

REVIEWED

BY: Thomas Steeger, Ph.D., Senior Biologist

R. David Jones, Ph.D., Senior Agronomist

Environmental Risk Branch IV

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

APPROVED

BY: Mark Corbin, Acting Branch Chief

Environmental Risk Branch IV

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

I. Executive Summary

Dow AgroSciences is seeking registration for a new use of the active ingredient isoxaben 

(PC Code 125851) as the sole active ingredient in the herbicidal end use product FN-3133 (Reg. 

No. 62719-LIN). Registration is being requested nationally for pre-emergent control of 

broadleaf weeds in bearing nut trees (e.g., almonds, beech nut, Brazil nut, butternut, cashew, 

chinquan, filbert, hickory nut, macadamia nut, pecan, pistachio, and walnuts) and grapes. There 

are currently twelve Section 3 registrations based on isoxaben as the active ingredient (ai). There 

are no current food-use registrations. The proposed method of application evaluated for this 

assessment is ground spray but the label is not explicit. The proposed maximum single
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application rate is 1.0 lb ai/A. FN-3133 may not be applied more than twice per crop year up to 

a maximum total of 1.0 lb ai/A per crop year. No reapplication interval is specified on the label.

Conclusions – Exposure Characterization

Isoxaben is moderately persistent and mobile (Kd = 0.81 to 6.63 mL/g). The mobility of 

isoxaben may decrease with increasing soil clay content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), 

although not significantly enough to consider isoxaben bound to soil or sediments. The 

compound may represent a ground water concern when applied to certain soils and/or where high 

water tables (shallow ground waters) are present (i.e. less than one foot below grade) and high 

rainfall/ irrigation occurs. 

Isoxaben does not hydrolyze and does not appear to readily degrade in terrestrial 

environments. Primary routes of degradation appear to be biodegradation in aerobic and 

anaerobic water bodies and photolysis in shallow, clear water bodies. 

Four major degradates detected in laboratory biometabolism studies include: 

hydroxyisoxaben; dimethoxybenzamide; methoxyphenylpyrimidinol and AEM 

hexenoylisoxaben. Four minor degradates identified include: hydroxymethoxybenzamide; 

oxypropyl isoxaben; desmethyl isoxaben and methoxyphenyl pyrimidinol. One available

mobility study and an EPISuite analysis indicate that several of these isoxaben degradates are 

more mobile than the parent. The four major degradates identified above are included in aquatic 

estimated environmental concentrations using a total toxic residues approach.

Conclusions – Effects Characterization

Consistent with isoxaben’s intended use as a herbicide, the compound is toxic to aquatic 

and terrestrial plants. Isoxaben is practically nontoxic to aquatic and terrestrial animal species on 

an acute exposure basis. Sublethal effects (abnormal larvae) were noted in an acute 

estuarine/marine invertebrate study with clams, but no data are available on the chronic effect of 

isoxaben on estuarine/marine species. No effects from chronic exposure were observed in 

studies with freshwater species. Chronic effects on the growth and reproduction of birds and 

mammals were reported in the available toxicity studies. 

The four major degradates identified in the exposure characterization are considered to be 

as toxic as the parent compound based on their structural similarity and are included in estimates 

of total toxic residues.

Potential Risks to Non-target Organisms

Isoxaben is moderately persistent and combined with its potential chronic effects, the 

proposed use of the compound the proposed use of isoxaben on grapes and bearing nut trees has 

the potential to adversely affect the growth of birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians, reptiles and 

mammals from chronic exposure. Depending on soil conditions and weather, isoxaben can move 

to surface water via spray drift, direct runoff or through runoff of sediment-bound residues. 
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Estimated concentrations in water are considered likely to adversely affect aquatic plant growth 

and this could significantly impair primary productivity. Impaired primary productivey could in 

turn lead to decreased water quality and reduced forage for aquatic biota and result in secondary 

effects across a broad range of aquatic animals. Acute and chronic risk estimates for direct 

effects on aquatic animals are below levels of concern; however, there is uncertainty regarding 

the extent to which secondary effects from decreased primary productivity will impact the 

aquatic community. 

Additonally, growth of nontarget aquatic and terrestrial plants is expected to be adversely 

affected. Because there is differential toxicity across the species of plants in the available 

studies, it is possible that this could lead to shifts in nontarget plant communities exposed to 

isoxaben. Changes in plant communities, which provide habitat, food and are primary producers 

in ecosystems, can lead to indirect effects to terrestrial organisms.

Potential effects to federally-listed endangered and threatened species (listed species) 

based on exceedances of Agency Levels of Concern (LOCs) require an in-depth listed species 

evaluation to determine the extent of potential co-occurrence of listed species and the areas in 

which use is proposed on grapes and bearing nut trees . Identified potential risks to listed species 

are summarized in Table 1. Listed terrestrial plants may be directly affected by isoxaben use, 

and indirect effects on other listed species are possible. 

Table 1. Potential Listed Species Risks Associated with Direct or Indirect Effects Due to the Proposed 

Application of Isoxaben on Bearing Nut trees and Grapes.

Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effects

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants -

monocots Yes Yes1

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants - dicots Yes Yes1

Birds Yes Yes1

Terrestrial-phase amphibians Yes Yes1

Terrestrial invertebrates Yes Yes1

Reptiles Yes Yes1

Mammals Yes Yes1

Aquatic vascular plants Yes Yes1

Aquatic nonvascular plants Yes Yes1

Freshwater fish No Yes1
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Aquatic-phase amphibians No Yes1

Freshwater invertebrates No Yes1

Mollusks No Yes1

Marine/estuarine fish No Yes1

Marine/estuarine crustaceans Yes Yes1

1Nonlisted LOC exceeded for terrestrial plants, therefore there is potential for adverse effects to those species that 

rely either on a specific plant species or multiple plant species. Plant indirect effects may include general habitat 

modification, host plant loss, and food supply disruption.

II. Problem Formulation

A. Nature of the Regulatory Action

Dow AgroSciences is seeking registration for a new use of the active ingredient isoxaben

(PC Code 125851) as the sole active ingredient in the herbicidal end use product FN-3133 (Reg. 

No. 62719-LIN). Registration is being requested nationally for pre-emergent control of 

broadleaf weeds in bearing nut trees and grapes. There are currently twelve Section 3 

registrations based on isoxaben as the active ingredient (ai). There are no current food-use 

registrations. The proposed method of application evaluated for this assessment is ground spray

but the label is not explicit. The proposed maximum single application rate is 1.0 lb ai/A. FN3133 may not be applied more than twice per crop year up to a maximum total of 1.0 lb ai/A per 

crop year. No reapplication interval is specified on the label.

B. Previous Assessments

Isoxaben was registered for use as a pre-emergent herbicide in 1989. There are currently

twelve Section 3 registrations based on isoxaben as the active ingredient (ai), including use on

rights-of-ways, turf, landscaping, nurseries, other industrial (noncrop) areas and non-bearing fruit 

and nut crops. There are no current food-use registrations. The reregistration review docket for 

isoxaben was opened in 20081. No ecological risk assessments have been conducted previously 

for isoxaben. 

C. Stressor Source and Distribution 

1. Nature of the Chemical Stressor

Isoxaben is a pre-emergent benzamide herbicide used for the control of broadleaf 

(dicotyledonous) weeds. The specific mode of action for isoxaben is not well understood, but 

isoxaben has been shown to inhibit the conversion of glucose to cellulose in cell wall synthesis in 

 

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sensitive species, with grasses (Family: Poaceae) tending to be more tolerant than other plant 

groups (Salihue et al. 1998). Isoxaben is not thought to be highly mobile in adult plant tissues, 

apparently limiting its toxicity to older plants, but allowing increased efficacy in emerging 

seedlings. Nonetheless, the vegetative vigor of early growth plants, particularly ryegrass, is 

affected by isoxaben, as discussed in the Ecological Effects Characterization. Chemical 

properties of isoxaben are presented inTable 2, while the structure of isoxaben is depicted 

inFigure 1.

Table 2. Nature of the Chemical Stressor

Common name Isoxaben (EL-107)

Chemical Name N- [3-(methylpent-3-yl)isoxazol-5-yl]-2,6-

dimethoxy-benzamide

Pesticide type, such as herbicide or 

insecticide, Herbicide

Chemical class benzamide

CAS number 82558-50-7

Empirical formula C18H24N2O4

Molecular Mass (g/mol) 332.39 g · mol-1

Vapor pressure (torr) <3.9 X 10 -7

Henry’s Law Constant at 20oC 

(atm-m

3

/mole)

8.5x10-10

Solubility in water (ppm) 1 

Log Kow 2.64

pKa at 25oC 9.78

Figure 1. Chemical structure of isoxaben.

Isoxaben is moderately persistent and (Kd = 0.81 to 6.63 mL/g) mobile (MRID

41106303). There is some indication that the mobility of isoxaben decreases with increasing soil 

clay content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (MRID 41106303), although not significantly 

enough to consider isoxaben bound to soil or sediments. The compound may represent a ground 
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water concern when applied to certain soils and/or where high water tables (shallow 

groundwater) are present (i.e. less than one foot below grade) and high rainfall/ irrigation occurs 

(MRID 40059508). 

Isoxaben does not hydrolyze and does not appear to readily degrade in terrestrial 

environments (MRIDs 41106302, 143786, and 164646). Primary routes of degradation appear to 

be biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic water bodies and photolysis in shallow, clear water 

bodies (MRIDs 40059507, 46393201 and 46393202).

Major degradates detected during aerobic and anaerobic soil metabolism studies and 

aerobic and anaerobic aqueous metabolism studies include: hydroxyisoxaben; 

dimethoxybenzamide; methoxyphenylpyrimidinol and amino ethyl methyl (AEM)

hexenoylisoxaben. A mobility study (MRID 41106303) and EPISuite2analysis indicate that 

several of these isoxaben degradates are more mobile than the parent. Additionally, four major 

photolytic degradates (Unk 3, Unk 3i, Unk 5a, and Unk 5b) were detected but not conclusively

identified (MRID 47140003). The Health Effects Division (HED) evaluated the isoxaben 

residues of concern for human health. Because the formation of the photodegradates was 

considered minimal (e.g., formed only during aqueous photolysis) and a structural activity 

relationship (SAR) analysis performed by HED concluded that none of these degradates were 

expected to be more toxic than the parent compound, these photodegradates were not of 

exposure concern and were excluded as residues of concern. HED concluded that the major 

degradates detected during the aerobic and anaerobic soil and aqueous metabolism studies were 

not expected to be more toxic to humans than the parent compound, but data were not available 

to exclude them as residues of concern. As such, the degradates hydroxyisoxaben,

dimethoxybenzamide, methoxyphenylpyrimidinol, and AEM hexenoylisoxaben were included as 

residues of concern for human health (USEPA, 2010). For this assessment, in the absence of 

ecotoxicity data, these degradates were also included as residues of concern for aquatic 

organisms using a total toxic residue (TTR) analysis. 

2. Overview of Pesticide Usage

Isoxaben was registered in 1989 for various uses, including: rights-of-ways, turf, 

landscaping, nurseries, other industrial (noncrop) areas and non-bearing fruit and nut crops. The 

majority of uses have an application rate of 1.0 lb ai/A/application, three applications per year 

with a 60-day reapplication interval, applied either as a dry flowable product in a broadcast spray

or as a granular product in a spreader. Some uses are only 0.5 lbs ai/A/application and there are 

hand-applied soil treatments at rates up to 2.0 lbs ai/A/application. 

Based on label instructions for the 12 registered isoxaben product labels, most prohibit 

aerial application; however, it is not clear whether all of the current uses prohibit aerial 

application (e.g. usage on conifer seed orchards). There are label prohibitions on chemigation 

and direct applications to water. Warnings regarding the potential toxicity to aquatic organisms 

and avoidance of spray drift are on the labels as well. Isoxaben is not for sale, distribution or use 

in New York State.

 

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In a memo from the OPP Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) dated 

08/01/2007, national non-crop usage accounted for nearly 19,000 (94%) of the 20,372 lbs 

applied annually (on average) for the years 2003-2005, with rights-of-way alone accounting for 

an annual average of 11,619 lbs (57% of total applied).

Isoxaben is currently limited to non-bearing food crops (i.e. food crops not yet producing 

a marketable harvest); therefore, historically, only a small percentage of total target crop area 

planted is expected to be treated. For instance, according the Screening Level Usage Analysis 

(SLUA, 2007) for isoxaben, the maximum area treated for almonds, apples grapes and walnuts is 

less than 2.5% of total area planted for each crop. Registered non-bearing crop uses include 

almond, apple, apricot, avocado, banana, blackberry (and other raspberry crops), blueberry,

cherry, citrus fruits, elderberry, fig, grapes, nut trees, olive and pomegranate. Approval of the 

new food use on bearing tree nuts and grapes would likely increase the amount of isoxaben used 

on these crops and as such increase the percent crop treated.

D. Receptors 

1. Aquatic Effects and Terrestrial Effects

The receptor is the biological entity that is exposed to the stressor (USEPA, 1998). 

Aquatic and terrestrial receptors that may be exposed to isoxaben include any organism within 

the action area.

Consistent with the process described in the Overview Document (USEPA, 2004), this 

risk assessment uses a surrogate species approach in its evaluation of isoxaben toxicity. 

Toxicological data generated from surrogate test species, which are intended to be representative 

of broad taxonomic groups, are used to extrapolate to potential effects on a variety of species 

(receptors) included under these taxonomic groupings. 

Acute and chronic toxicity data from studies submitted by pesticide registrants along with 

the available open literature are used to evaluate the potential direct effects of isoxaben to the 

aquatic and terrestrial receptors identified in this section. This includes toxicity data on the 

technical grade active ingredient, formulated products and, when available, degradates. Open 

literature studies are identified through EPA’s publically available ECOTOX database 

(http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/), which employs a literature search engine for locating chemical 

toxicity data for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and plants. The evaluation of both sources of 

data may also provide insight into the direct and indirect effects of isoxaben on biotic 

communities from loss of species that are sensitive to the chemical and from changes in structure 

and functional characteristics of the affected communities. 

Isoxaben’s effect on aquatic organisms is estimated from acute and chronic laboratory

studies submitted to the Agency by the technical registrant. The registrant has submitted acute 

and chronic studies on aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates and studies on the effects of 

exposure on aquatic plants. Freshwater fish, e.g., bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and

rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), are used as surrogates for all freshwater fish species. 
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Freshwater fish are usually used as surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians unless amphibianspecific data are available; amphibian data are unavailable for isoxaben. Freshwater invertebrate 

effects are estimated from studies using the waterflea (Daphnia magna). Effects of isoxaben on 

all estuarine/marine fish are estimated from effects on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon 

variegatus), while estuarine/marine invertebrate effects are estimated from studies on Quahog 

clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) and grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Effects on aquatic 

vascular plants are estimated from studies on duckweed (Lemna gibba), while effects on aquatic 

non-vascular plants are similarly estimated from studies on surrogate species of microalgae.

The effect of isoxaben on all bird species is estimated from acute oral, subacute dietary

and chronic dietary studies on two species, bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallard 

duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Recent changes in the study guidelines require an acute passerine 

study, which is not available for this assessment. Birds serve as surrogates for reptiles and 

terrestrial-phase amphibians. Effects on mammals are estimated from acute and chronic rat 

studies submitted to and reviewed by the Health Effects Division (HED). Potential effects on 

beneficial insects are estimated using the honey bee (Apis mellifera) as a surrogate.

Ten species of terrestrial crop plants are studied to estimate the effect of isoxaben on all 

terrestrial plant species. 

Table 3 provides a summary of the taxonomic groups and the surrogate species tested to 

evaluate potential ecological effects of isoxaben to these non-target taxonomic groups. 

Table 3. Test Species Evaluated for Assessing Potential Ecological Effects of Isoxaben

Taxonomic Group Surrogate Species Acute Toxicity Classification

Birds1 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)

Practically non-toxic

Mammals Laboratory rat (Rattus rattus) Practically non-toxic

Insects Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) Practically non-toxic

Freshwater fish Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Moderately toxic

Moderately toxic

Freshwater invertebrates Water flea (Daphnia magna) Moderately toxic

Estuarine/marine fish Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

Moderately toxic

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrates

Grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)

Quahog clam (Mercenaria mercenaria)

Moderately toxic

Terrestrial plants Monocots – onion (Allium cepa)

Dicots – soybean (Glycine max)

Not classified

Aquatic plants and algae

Duckweed (Lemna gibba) 

Green algae (Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

Not classified

2. Ecosystems at Risk 

The ecosystems at risk are often extensive in scope, and as a result it may not be possible 

to identify specific ecosystems during the development of a baseline risk assessment. However, 

in general terms, terrestrial ecosystems potentially at risk could include the treated vineyard or 

orchard and areas immediately adjacent to the treated field that may receive drift or runoff. 
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Areas adjacent to the treated field could include cultivated fields, fencerows and hedgerows, 

meadows, fallow fields or grasslands, woodlands, wetlands, riparian habitats, and other 

uncultivated areas. 

Aquatic ecosystems potentially at risk include water bodies adjacent to, or down stream 

from, the treated vineyard or orchard and might include impounded bodies such as ponds, lakes 

and reservoirs, or flowing waterways such as streams or rivers. For uses in coastal areas, aquatic 

habitat also includes marine ecosystems, including estuaries. 

E. Assessment Endpoints 

Assessment endpoints are intended to be representative estimates of biological entities to 

be protected, and their attributes that might be affected by exposure to the pesticide stressor. The 

valued entities are terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, aquatic vascular and 

nonvascular plants, and terrestrial plants. The attributes used to gauge the effects of isoxaben on 

the valued entities are mortality (or phytotoxicity) from acute exposure and reproductive, growth 

(length and weight) and survival effects from chronic exposure. 

Guideline toxicity tests are intended to determine pesticidal effects on ecological entities 

that include birds, mammals, fish, terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and plants. The most 

sensitive toxicity endpoints are used from surrogate test species (receptors) to estimate treatmentrelated direct effects on acute and chronic reproductive, growth and survival assessment 

endpoints. The studies are used to evaluate the potential of a pesticide to cause adverse effects, 

to determine whether further testing is required, and to determine the need for precautionary

label statements to minimize the potential adverse effects to non-target animals and plants. 

F. Conceptual Model

For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it must reach ecological receptors in 

biologically significant concentrations. An exposure pathway is the means by which a pesticide 

moves in the environment from a source to an ecological receptor. For an ecological pathway to 

be complete, it must have a source, a release mechanism, an environmental transport medium, a 

point of exposure for ecological receptors and a feasible route of exposure.

A conceptual model provides a written description and visual representation of the 

predicted relationships between isoxaben, potential routes of exposure, and the predicted effects 

for the assessment endpoint. The conceptual model consists of two major components: risk 

hypothesis and a conceptual diagram (USEPA, 1998).

This risk assessment does not take into account atmospheric transport in estimating 

environmental concentrations (note, very low vapor pressure indicates that vapor-phase transport 

will be negligible), nor does it account for ingestion of isoxaben residues by animals in drinking 

water or contaminated grit, ingestion through preening activities, or uptake through inhalation or 

dermal absorption by terrestrial animals. Exposure to terrestrial animals is based primarily on 

dietary consumption of residues while aquatic assessments assume that all potential routes of 

direct exposure are accounted for. Plant exposure is based on spray drift and runoff.
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1. Risk Hypothesis

Isoxaben is proposed for use as an herbicide on bearing nut trees and grapes, which 

involves situations in the environment where potential routes of exposure can result in direct 

contact to forage items (e.g., grass), as well as indirect contamination of adjacent bodies of 

water. Since no previous ecological risk assessment has been conducted, the following generic 

ecological risk hypothesis is being employed for this risk assessment:

Given the uses of isoxaben and its environmental fate properties, there is a likelihood of 

exposure to non-target terrestrial and aquatic organisms. When used in accordance with the 

label, isoxaben can result in reduced survival, growth and/or reproductive success in both 

terrestrial and aquatic organisms, either directly or indirectly. As an herbicide, direct effects to 

plants are expected and subsequently indirect to effects to other organisms dependent on both 

terrestrial and aquatic plants may occur as a result of the proposed used of isoxaben on 

orchards and/or vineyards.
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2. Diagrams

Figure 2. Conceptual model for isoxaben exposure to terrestrial organisms. BOLD lines 

indicate route of exposure considered of higher importance for isoxaben. Dotted lines represent low likelihood 

routes of exposure. 

Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute

Change

Isoxaben applied to nut orchards or vineyards

Direct

application

Spray drift

Birds / Terrestrialphase amphibians 

/ reptiles / 

mammals

Terrestrial 

insects

Individual organisms

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Food chain

Reduction in prey

Habitat integrity

Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover

Community change

Terrestrial/riparian plants

grasses/forbs, fruit, seeds 

(trees, shrubs)

Runoff

Birds / 

Mammals

Exposure

Media

Soil

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Ingestion

Dermal uptake/Ingestion

Long range 

atmospheric

transport

Root uptake

Wet/dry deposition

Birds / 

Amphibians

Ingestion

Ground water
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Figure 3. Conceptual model for isoxaben effects to aquatic organisms. BOLD lines indicate 

route of exposure considered of higher importance for isoxaben. Dotted lines represent low likelihood routes of

exposure.

G. Analysis Plan 

This document characterizes the environmental fate of isoxaben to assess the extent to 

which non-target organisms might be exposed through the proposed uses of this herbicide on 

bearing tree nut orchards and vineyards. The toxicity of isoxaben is also characterized, based 

primarily on registrant-submitted toxicity tests. Estimated exposure (based on total toxic 

residues) and effects are integrated to calculate risk quotients (RQs) for non-target 

endangered/threatened and non-endangered animals and plants. These RQs are compared to 

predetermined levels-of-concern (LOCs) to determine which taxa may be potentially affected.

Although risk, in the context intended here, is often defined as the likelihood and 

magnitude of adverse ecological effects, the risk quotient-based approach does not provide a 

quantitative estimate of likelihood and/or magnitude of an adverse effect. Such estimates may be 

possible through a more refined, probabilistic assessment. However, this is beyond the scope of 

this screening-level assessment.

Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute

Change

Isoxaben applied to nut orchards or vineyards

Spray drift

Fish/aquatic-phase 

amphibians

Eggs 

Larvae 

Juveniles / Adults

Individual organisms

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Food chain

Reduction in algae

Reduction in prey

Habitat integrity

Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover

Community change

Surface water/

Sediment

Runoff

Aquatic Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Exposure

Media

Uptake/gills 

or integument

Ingestion Ingestion

Long-range 

atmospheric 

transport

Wet/dry deposition

Soil Ground water

Uptake/gills 

or integument

Aquatic Plants

Non-vascular

Vascular

Uptake/cell, 

roots, leaves Riparian plant

terrestrial 

exposure 

(Figure 2)
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1. Measures to Evaluate Risk Hypotheses and Conceptual Model 

a. Measures of Exposure 

Measures of exposure to aquatic animals and plants are concentrations in surface water 

based on aquatic and terrestrial models that predict estimated environmental concentrations 

(EEC) of isoxaben using maximum labeled application rates and application methods that have 

the greatest potential for off-site transport of the chemical. The models used to predict aquatic 

EECs are the Pesticide Root Zone Model coupled with the EXposure Analysis Model System 

(PRZM/EXAMS). The model used to predict terrestrial EECs on food items is T-REX. The

model used to derive EECs relevant to terrestrial and wetland plants is TerrPlant. 

PRZM and EXAMS are simulation models coupled with a graphical user interface to 

generate daily exposures and 1-in-10-year estimated EECs of isoxaben that may occur in surface 

water bodies adjacent to application sites receiving isoxaben through runoff and spray drift. 

PRZM simulates pesticide application, movement and transformation on an agricultural field and 

the resultant pesticide loadings to a receiving water body via runoff, erosion, and spray drift. 

EXAMS simulates the fate of the pesticide and resulting concentrations in the water body. The 

standard watershed geometry used for ecological pesticide assessments assumes application to a 

10-hectare agricultural field that drains into an adjacent 1-hectare water body that is 2 meters 

deep (20,000 m3volume) with no outlet. The linked PRZM/EXAMS models are used to 

estimate screening-level exposure of aquatic organisms to isoxaben. The measure of exposure 

for aquatic species is the 1-in-10-year return peak or rolling mean concentration. The 1-in-10-

year peak is used for estimating acute exposures of direct effects to aquatic organisms. The 1-in10-year 60-day mean is used for assessing chronic exposure to fish and aquatic-phase 

amphibians. The 1-in-10-year 21-day mean is used for assessing aquatic invertebrate chronic 

exposure. 

Measures of exposure to terrestrial plants irrigated with ground water were simulated 

using EECs from the Screening Concentration In GROund Water model (SCI-GROW, v2.3, Jul. 

29, 2003) that were postprocessed (procedure outlined in Appendix A). SCI-GROW was a 

regression model used as a screening tool to estimate pesticide concentrations found in ground 

water. SCI-GROW was developed by fitting a linear model to ground water concentrations with 

the Relative Index of Leaching Potential (RILP) as the independent variable. Ground water 

concentrations were taken from 90-day average high concentrations from Prospective Ground 

Water studies. The RILP is a function of aerobic soil metabolism and the soil-water partition 

coefficient. The output of SCI-GROW represents the concentrations of isoxaben residue that 

might be expected in shallow unconfined aquifers under sandy soils, which is representative of 

the ground water most vulnerable to pesticide contamination. Postprocessing assumes that 

ground water concentrations estimated by SCI-GROW are applied to a field via one inch of 

irrigation.

Exposure to terrestrial animals through consumption of treated feed items was calculated 

from the maximum proposed label rate using a nomogram derived from the work of Hoerger and 

Kenaga (1972) and Fletcher et al. (1994) using the spreadsheet model T-REX (version 1.4.1). 
14

Measures of exposure to terrestrial plants were expressed as a fraction of the mass of 

isoxaben applied to a treated field. The screening model TerrPlant (version 1.2.2) assumes that 

default fractions of the intended application will be transported to an adjacent field through 

runoff and spray drift. To evaluate the spatial extent of risk to nontarget terrestrial plants, 

AgDRIFT®v2.01 was used to determine at what distance from the application area LOCs are no 

longer exceeded.

b. Measures of Effect 

Measures of effect are obtained from a suite of OCSPP guideline studies conducted with 

a limited number of surrogate species. The test species are intended to be representative of the 

most sensitive species, but are typically selected based on their ability to thrive under laboratory

conditions. Consistent with EPA test guidelines, the registrant has provided a suite of ecological 

effects data to the Agency. Acute measures of effect are typically the median lethal 

concentrations that produce 50% mortality in the test organisms (e.g. LC50). Measures of 

chronic exposure typically result from reproduction studies for which a no-observed-adverseeffect-concentration (NOAEC) is determined. The measure of effect for terrestrial plants is the 

EC25. Endangered plant effects endpoints are the lowest test rate where there is no observed 

effect on survival or growth.

III. Analysis

A. Exposure Characterization 

1. Environmental Fate and Transport Characterization

The physical and chemical properties and the environmental fate source data from 

submitted studies for isoxaben and its major degradates are summarized in Table 4. 

Environmental fate and transport properties of isoxaben are characterized in further detail in the 

following sections. 

Table 4. Physical/chemical properties and environmental fate source data for isoxaben and its 

degradates.

Property Value Source Comments

Chemical Name N- [3-(methylpent-3-yl)isoxazol-5-

yl]-2,6-dimethoxy-benzamide -

Molecular Weight (g/mol) 332.39 -

Solubility in Water 

(mg/L @ 20°C)

1

MRID 

40059506

Vapor Pressure 

(torr @ 26°C)

<3.9x10-7 MRID 

40059506

Octanol-water partition 

coefficient (Kow) 434 MRID 

40059506

Hydrolysis Half-life

(pH 5, 7, and 9; 25°C) Stable MRID 

00250449
15

Table 4. Physical/chemical properties and environmental fate source data for isoxaben and its 

degradates.

Property Value Source Comments

Aqueous Photolysis Halflife (days) 6 MRID 

47140003

Soil Photolysis Half-life 

(days) 49

MRID 

47428403

Aerobic Soil Metabolism

Half-life (days)

161 (sandy loam)

210 (silt loam)

277 (silt loam)

866 (sand)

MRID 

47140004

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism

Half-life (days) 224

MRID 

41106302

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life (days) 21 (sand and sandy loam)

MRID 

46393202

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life (days) 18

MRID 

46393201

Soil-Water Partition 

Coefficients (mL/g) (Kd)

0.81 (sand)

2.48 (sandy loam)

4.41 (loam)

6.63 (clay loam)

2.18 (loamy sand)

MRID 

41106303

Henry’s Law Constant

(atm-m

3

/mol)

8.5x10-10

–

Calculated from 

vapor pressure, 

molecular weight, 

and solubility.

Bioaccumulation

At 0.25 ppm:

14x for edible, 134x for nonedible, 70x for whole fish tissues

92-99% of 14C residues eliminated 

by 14 days

MRID 

40059509

Terrestrial field dissipation 

half-life (soil texture) in top 

6 inches of soil

34-55 days in spring treated sand soil 

(Florida) and loam soil (Indiana)

78-174 days in autumn treated sand 

soil (Florida) and sandy loam soil 

(Texas)

72 days in clay loam soil (Illinois)

122-134 days in silt loam soil 

(Indiana)

MRID 

40059508

MRID 

40059508

MRIDs 

40532102 & 

40532103

MRID 

00250449 & 

00153107

Isoxaben is moderately persistent and mobile (Kd = 0.81 to 6.63 mL/g) (MRID 

41106303). There is some indication that the mobility of isoxaben decreases with increasing soil 

clay content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (MRID 41106303), although not significantly 

enough to consider isoxaben bound to soil or sediments. Isoxaben does not hydrolyze and does 

not appear to readily degrade in terrestrial environments (MRIDs 41106302, 143786, and 

164646). Primary routes of degradation appear to be biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic 
16

water bodies and photolysis in shallow, clear water bodies (MRIDs 40059507, 46393201 and 

46393202).

a. Transport and Mobility

Isoxaben is not volatile, with a vapor pressure of less than 3.9 x 10-7torr at 26oC (MRID 

40059506). The compound exhibits weak acid behavior (pKa = 9.8), is neutral environmental 

pHs, and is moderately soluble in water at environmental pH=7 (1 mg/L; MRID 40059506). The 

reported Kow for isoxaben was 434 (MRID 40059506). 

Isoxaben is considered mobile, with reported soil-water partition coefficients (Kd) from 

five soils ranging from 0.81 to 6.63 (MRID 41106303). A regression analysis of the adsorption 

coefficients versus the organic carbon content yielded a p-value>0.1; as such, the Koc model was 

deemed inappropriate and Kd values were used in the modeling. 

A leaching and adsorption/desorption study was conducted on one of the identified major 

degradates: hydroxyisoxaben. With reported Kd from five soils ranging from 0.06 to 0.84, this 

compound was more mobile than the parent (MRID 41106303).

Compounds with Kd values less than five present a potential concern for ground water 

(USEPA, 2008a). Therefore, isoxaben and its major degradate hydroxyisoxaben, based on study

data, present a potential ground water concern in some soils, especially those that are sandy and 

have low organic carbon content (all Kd values for both compounds, except for clay loam soil, 

were less than 5; MRID 41106303).

b. Degradation

Isoxaben is stable to hydrolysis at pH 5, 7 and 9 (MRID 00250449). It is rapidly

photolyzed in shallow, clear water, with a corrected environmental half-life of 6 days at pH 7 

(MRID 47140003). Major degradates include dimethoxybenzamide and four degradates that 

were detected but not conclusively identified; a uracil (Unk 3), an oxime (Unk 3i), a pyrazolone 

(Unk 5a), and an isoquinolone (Unk 5b). Study authors indicated that extensive efforts were 

made to identify the compounds, but in the end the best that could be done was to identify

structural and functional group changes that occurred during photodegradation. The names and 

structures of these unknowns that were proposed by the study authors based on this analysis are 

provided in Appendix B. Isoxaben photodegrades comparatively slowly in soil, with a corrected 

environmental photodegredation half-life in soil of 49 days in sandy loam soil at pH 7.0 and 

0.99% organic carbon (MRID 47428403).

Isoxaben does not readily biodegrade in soil under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, with 

half lives of greater than 150 days. In four foreign soils held under aerobic conditions, isoxaben 

degraded with half-lives of 161 days (sandy loam), 210 days (silt loam), 277 days (silt loam), 

and 866 days (sand) (MRID 47140004). Overall recoveries were greater than 90%. The only 

major degradate identified in the study was hydroxisoxaben. The study was classified as 

supplemental, as all of the soils were foreign and it was unclear if they were comparable to soils 

in the United States. Loam soil was incubated anaerobically for 60 days after 60 days of aerobic 
17

incubation (MRID 41106302). Isoxaben degraded with a half-life of 224 days. Overall 

recoveries were greater than 90%. The only major degradate identified in the study was 

hydroxisoxaben. The study was classified as acceptable.

Primary routes of biodegradation are in aerobic and anaerobic water bodies. In two 

aerobic aquatic systems (brook water-sand sediment and brook water-sandy loam sediment), 

isoxaben degraded with a half-life of 21 days (MRID 46393202). Major degradates include 

dimethoxybenzamide and AEM hexenoyl-isoxaben. The study was classified as acceptable. In 

an anaerobic aquatic system (water and sandy clay loam soil), isoxaben degraded with a half-life 

of 18 days (MRID 46393201). Overall recoveries were above 90%. Major degradates include 

dimethoxybenzamide, methoxyphenylpyrimidinol, and AEM hexenoyl-isoxaben. The study was 

classified as acceptable.

c. Field Studies

Two terrestrial field dissipation studies were conducted for isoxaben using five sites in 

the United States. Two of the studies were conducted on turf plots (MRIDs 40059508 and 

40532102); the spring and autumn treated turf plots in Florida (sand) were level grade while the 

plot in Illinois (clay loam) had a slope of 5-10%. The remaining plots were bare ground (MRID 

40059508); the plot in Indiana (loam sand) had a slope of 2% and the Texas (sandy loam) plot 

was level grade. Of the five sites, only the Indiana site reported subsurface drainage. Turf 

applications were made using a backpack sprayer while bare soil applications were made using a 

tractor-drawn boom. Isoxaben, as a 75% dry flowable concentrate, was applied to all plots at a 

rate of 1.0 lbs ai/A. Florida sites were irrigated with 0.2 inches (spring) and 0.5 inches (fall) of 

water following treatment, with additional irrigation applied during the May to September 

timeframe if less than 0.1 inches per day occurred. A total of 74 inches of rain (plus irrigation) 

were received in Florida over 313 days, 28 inches in Illinois over 211 days, 13 inches in Indiana 

over 127 days, and 21 inches in Texas over 182 days. Samples were collected to a maximum 

depth of 24 inches in Florida and 12 inches in Indiana and Texas. Samples were analyzed for 

isoxaben and the degradate hydroxyisoxaben. In the majority of terrestrial field dissipation 

studies, isoxaben was equal to or less than 1% in soil samples collected at depths greater than 6 

inches. However, one sample in Florida (MRID 40531202) had an isoxaben level of 2% at a 

depth of 6-12 inches at 129 days after application. The study noted that the water table at the site 

was within 10 inches of the surface and that potential groundwater contamination could have 

occurred. In all but one of the terrestrial field dissipation studies, hydroxyisoxaben was ≤1% of 

the applied in all soil samples collected below 6 inches. However, in a Florida study (MRID 

40532101), was detected in four soil samples at depths of 15-30 cm at levels ≤2% of the applied. 

The limit of detection (LOD) in the studies was 0.01 lbs ai/A (MRID 40059508) and 0.02 lbs 

ai/A (MRID 40532102). Half-lives for isoxaben ranged from 34 to 147 days.

A third field dissipation study (MRID 00250449/00153107) was conducted using two 

outdoor lysimeter-enclosed bareground plots (0.656 m2) of silt loam soil in Indiana. In the first 

test, isoxaben (14C isoxaben labeled on the carbonyl carbon) was applied at a target rate of 250 g 

ai/ha (0.22 lbs ai/A) to two plots seeded with winter barley in October, 1980. In a second test, 

isoxaben was applied at a target rate of 150 g ai/ha (0.13 lbs ai/A) to two plots (one plot received 
18

14C isoxaben labeled on the carbonyl carbon while the second plot received 14C isoxaben labeled 

in the 5-position on the isoxazole ring) which were maintained free of vegetation in November, 

1981. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 15 cm in the first test and 37.5 cm in the second 

test. In the second test radiolabeled isoxaben was not detected below 15 cm until week 50 and 

was always below 4%. The half-life for isoxaben ranged from 122 to 134 days. In the second 

test, two degradates were identified in samples collected to a depth of 15 cm: hydroxisoxaben 

and hydroxyethylisoxaben. The maximum amount of hydroxyisoxaben occurred on Day 32 at 

8.6% of the applied amount and declined to 4.6% at Day 100. The maximum amount of 

hydroxyisoxaben occurred on Day 86 at 3.9% of the applied amount and declined to 3.8% at Day

100. This study was classified as supplemental, as the use of lysimeter plots were not truly 

representative of field plots due to their limited size.

d. Bioconcentration

Isoxaben residues accumulated in bluegill sunfish with maximum bioconcentration 

factors of 14x in edible tissue, 134x in non-edible tissue, and 70x in whole fish tissue during 28 

days of exposure (MRID 40059509). Residues accumulated by exposure day 28 were depurated 

quickly; at day 14 of depuration, isoxaben residues had been reduced by 92-99% in the edible, 

non-edible, and whole fish tissues. The study was classified as supplemental because isoxaben 

residues were incompletely characterized and residues in the whole fish tissue were not 

determined experimentally. Due to the relatively low KOW and bioconcentration factors in fish, 

isoxaben is not expected to accumulate in aquatic or terrestrial food chains.

e. Degradates

Major biodegradates of isoxaben include hydroxyisoxaben, dimethoxybenzamide, 

methoxyphenylpyrimidinol, and AEM hexenoyl-isoxaben. Additionally, four major photolytic 

degradates (Unk 3, Unk 3i, Unk 5a, and Unk 5b) were detected but not conclusively identified 

(MRID 47140003). Chemical names, structures, and fate data for these degradates are provided 

in Appendix B. Based on structural analysis of the biodegradates in EPISuite, three of the 

biodegradates (hydroxy isoxaben, dimethoxy benzamide, and AEM hexenoyl isoxaben) have the 

potential to be more mobile than isoxaben, with methoxyphenyl pyrimidinol appearing to be very

immobile. As mentioned above, hydroxyisoxaben was detected in all of the terrestrial field 

studies. In two of the studies (MRIDs 40059508 and 40532102), hydroxyisoxaben was ≤1% of 

the applied in all soil samples collected below 6 inches. However, in the Florida study (MRID 

40532101), was detected in four soil samples at depths of 15-30 cm at levels ≤2% of the applied. 

In a third study (MRID 00250449/00153107), the degradate hydroxisoxaben was detected in 

samples collected to a depth of 15 cm. Hydroxyisoxaben was ≤9% of the applied in all soil 

samples collected below 15 cm.

f. Residues of Concern

Major degradates detected during aerobic and anaerobic soil metabolism studies and 

aerobic and anaerobic aqueous metabolism studies include: hydroxyisoxaben; 

dimethoxybenzamide; methoxyphenylpyrimidinol and amino ethyl methyl (AEM) 

hexenoylisoxaben. Additionally, four major photolytic degradates (Unk 3, Unk 3i, Unk 5a, and 
19

Unk 5b) were detected but not conclusively identified (MRID 47140003). The Health Effects 

Division (HED) evaluated the isoxaben residues of concern for human health. Because the 

formation of the photodegradates was considered minimal (e.g., formed only during aqueous 

photolysis) and a structural activity relationship (SAR) analysis performed by HED concluded 

that none of these degradates were expected to be more toxic than the parent compound, these 

photodegradates were not of exposure concern and were excluded as residues of concern. HED 

concluded that the major degradates detected during the aerobic and anaerobic soil and aqueous 

metabolism studies were not expected to be more toxic to humans than the parent compound, but 

data were not available to exclude them as residues of concern. As such, the degradates 

hydroxyisoxaben, dimethoxybenzamide, methoxyphenylpyrimidinol, and AEM 

hexenoylisoxaben were included with isoxaben as residues of concern for human health

(USEPA, 2010). 

For this assessment, in the absence of ecotoxicity data, these degradates were included as 

residues of concern for aquatic organisms using a total toxic residue (TTR) analysis. Using fate 

data for isoxaben and the degradates of concern, half-lives were recalculated for the TTR, as 

provided in Table 5.

Table 5. Physical/chemical properties and environmental fate source data for residues of concern

Property Value Source

Aqueous Photolysis Half-life (@ pH

7; in days) 6 - 15 MRID 47140003

Soil Photolysis Half-life (days) 63 MRID 47428403

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life 

(days)

206 (sandy loam)

342 (silt loam)

358 (silt loam)

1,116 (sand)

MRID 47140004

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life 

(days) 446 MRID 41106302

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Halflife (days)62 (sand)

166 (sandy loam)

MRID 46393202

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Halflife (days) 265 MRID 46393201

Freundlich Adsorption Coefficient

(mL/g) (Kd)

0.81 (isoxaben, sand)

2.48 (isoxaben, sandy loam)

4.41 (isoxaben, loam)

6.63 (isoxaben, clay loam)

2.18 (isoxaben, loamy sand)

0.06 (hydroxyisoxaben, sand)

0.22 (hydroxyisoxaben, sandy loam)

0.37 (hydroxyisoxaben, loam)

0.84 (hydroxyisoxaben, clay loam)

0.3 (hydroxyisoxaben, loamy sand)

MRID 41106303

g. Transport and Dissipation Pathways

In addition to its degradation via aquatic metabolism and aqueous photolysis (in clear, 

shallow water), isoxaben and its degradates are likely to dissipate off site mainly via leaching 
20

through soil and runoff of dissolved residues from treated fields. Deposition off-field or into 

surface water via spray drift may also occur. Isoxaben and its degradates are not expected to be 

subject to soil, water, or air transport via soil-bound residues (very low adsorption) or

atmospheric transport via partitioning to air through spray drift or volatization (low vapor 

pressure). 

2. Measures of Aquatic Exposure 

a. Surface Water Aquatic Exposure Modeling 

In order to model aquatic EECs of isoxaben originating from ground applications to 

control broadleaf weeds around bearing nut trees and grape vineyards, PRZM scenarios were 

modeled. Sensitivity analysis of PRZM indicates that precipitation and curve number (CN) 

contribute significantly to variability in EECs (FEMVTF 2001). For grapes, scenarios

representing wine grape vineyards in San Francisco, CA and grapes grown in New York were 

modeled. While isoxaben use is prohibited in New York by the proposed label, the New York 

grape scenario was used as a surrogate for grapes grown on the east coast of the United States. 

Modeling was conducted for bearing nut trees using the Georgia pecan, the Oregon filbert, and 

the California almond scenarios. These scenarios are used as surrogates for the bearing nut tree 

orchards on the proposed label (e.g., almonds, beech nut, Brazil nut, butternut, cashew, chinquan, 

filbert, hickory nut, macadamia nut, pecan, pistachio, and walnuts). For this assessment, only the 

highest exposure values (e.g., those from the New York grape and Georgia pecan scenario) have 

been reported. In less vulnerable areas, EECs may be substantially reduced (i.e. > 25%).

b. Input Parameters

Input parameters for the PRZM/EXAMS model for applications to bearing nut tree

orchards and grape vineyards appear in Table 6, respectively; data source and comments

accompany values for each parameter. SCI-GROW input parameters are presented in Table 7. 

Methods used to derive input values are consistent the EFED Input Parameter Guidance.

Table 6. PRZM/EXAMS input parameters for isoxaben applied to bearing nut tree orchards and grape

vineyards

Input Parameter Value Source Comment

Application Rate in

lbs ai/A (kg ai/ha) 1.0 (1.21) Proposed label. The maximum proposed application rate considered for this assessment is 1.0 lbs 

ai/acre/application, with a total annual 

Applications per Year application rate of 1.0 lbs ai/acre. 1 Proposed label.

Application Intervals 

(days) NA Proposed label.

Modeled Scenario Grapes: NY Grapes

Nut Trees: GA Pecan

Date of Initial 

Application

Grapes: September 14

Nut trees: September 21 ---

Selected day with largest precipitation 

event between emergence and harvest 

dates.
21

Table 6. PRZM/EXAMS input parameters for isoxaben applied to bearing nut tree orchards and grape

vineyards

Input Parameter Value Source Comment

CAM 1 Proposed label ---

IPSCND 1 Proposed label

Molecular Weight 

(g/mol) 332.39 Product chemistry data.

---

Henry's Law Constant 

(atm-m

3

/mol)

8.5x10-10

---

Calculated using vapor pressure, molecular 

weight, and solubility.

Solubility in Water at 

25oC (mg/L) 1.0

MRID 

40059506

Freundlich Adsorption 

Coefficient (mL/g) (Kd)

3.3 (isoxaben)

0.36 (hydroxyisoxaben)

MRID 

41106303 Mean Kd value.1

Application Efficiency 0.99 Input parameter guidance.1

Spray Drift Fraction 0.01 Input parameter guidance.1

Aerobic Soil 

Metabolism Half-life 

(days)

710 (TTR) MRID 

47140004

Represents the 90th percentile of the upper 

confidence bound on the mean (450) of 5 

TTR half-life values.1

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life 

(days)

274 (TTR) MRID 

46393202

Represents the 90th percentile of the upper 

confidence bound on the mean (114) of 2 

TTR half-life values.1

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life 

(days)

795 (TTR) --- 3 x single half-life. 1

Hydrolysis Half-lives 

(days)

Stable MRID 

00250449 No significant degradation in study.

Aqueous Photolysis

Half-life (days) 15 (TTR) MRID 

47140003 Maximum dark control corrected half-life.1

1 EFED input parameter guidance is located at: 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm.

Table 7. SCI-GROW input parameter values for isoxaben and its degradates

Input Parameter Value Source Comment

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 

Half-life (days) 342 (TTR) MRID 47140004 Median value 1

Organic Carbon Normalized 

Partition Coefficient Koc

434 (isoxaben)

57 (hydroxyisoxaben) MRID 41106303

Values derived from 

regression analysis. See 

discussion below.

Application Rate (lb ai/A) 1 Proposed label –

Maximum No. of 

Applications/Year 1 Proposed label –

1 EFED input parameter guidance is located at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm.
22

Because isoxaben has a number of major degradates with similar toxicity as isoxaben, a 

total toxic residue (TTR) approach was used in the modeling. Half-lives for all of the studies 

were estimated for the TTR by summing the amounts of isoxaben, hydroxyisoxaben, 

dimethoxybenzamide, methoxyphenylpyrimidinol, and AEM hexenoylisoxaben for each 

sampling period and performing a regression on the log-transformed data. For adsorption to soil, 

a regression analysis of the adsorption coefficients versus the organic carbon content yielded a pvalue>0.1; as such, the Koc model was deemed inappropriate and soil-water partition coefficient

(Kd) values were used in the modeling. Per EFED’s Input Parameter Guidance, the arithmetic 

mean of the Kd values was used. However, a mobility study (MRID 41106303) and EPISuite 

analysis indicated that several of the isoxaben degradates were more mobile than the parent. As 

such, two sets of PRZM/EXAMS and SCI-GROW modeling runs were completed: one set using 

the mobility estimates of the parent (Kd = 3.3 mL/g) and one set using mobility estimates derived 

from the degradate study (Kd = 0.36 mL/g).

While aerial application of isoxaben on bearing nut tree orchards and grape bearing 

vineyards was not specifically prohibited on the label, EFED modeled ground application of 

isoxaben because: (1) isoxaben is a preemergence herbicide proposed for control of broadleaf 

weeds; and, (2) aerial application of isoxaben on bearing nut tree orchards and grape vineyards

would likely destroy the crops it is meant to protect. It should be noted that aerial application of 

pesticides normally results in higher EECs. As such, higher concentrations would be expected if 

isoxaben had been modeled using the aerially application method. For the PRZM input 

“chemical application method” (CAM), a value of 1 was selected to represent foliar applications

for grape vineyards and bearing nut tree orchards. For the PRZM input “condition for 

disposition of foliar pesticide after harvest” (IPSCND), a value of 1 was selected for both 

applications as the pesticide is surface applied to control broadleaf weeds. Ground applications 

were modelled, using a spray drift fraction of 0.01 and an application efficiency of 0.99, per the 

Input Guidance. Application dates were selected by examining the precipitation events in the 

corresponding meteorological files and selecting the date with the highest precipitation that fell 

between the emergence date and the harvest date for the respective crop.

c. Modeling Results

PRZM/EXAMS EECs representing 1-in-10-year peak, 21-day, and 60-day average 

concentrations are located in Table 8. SCI-GROW EECs are presented in Table 9.

Table 8. PRZM/EXAMS-simulated EECs for isoxaben applied at maximum application rates to 

grape vineyards and bearing nut tree orchards

Scenario 1-in-10 yr Peak

(μg ai/L)

21-d Avg Conc

(μg ai/L)

60-d Avg Conc

(μg ai/L)

Parent Kd Data (Kd = 3.3 mL/g)

Grapes 14.2 13.9 13.2

Bearing Nut Trees 22.2 19.4 18.1

Degradate Kd Data (Kd = 0.36 mL/g)

Grapes 12.0 12.0 11.5

Bearing Nut Trees 18.0 17.1 16.0
23

Table 9. SCI-GROW EECs for isoxaben applied at maximum application rates to grape vineyards

and bearing nut tree orchards (μg ai/L).

Scenario Acute

(μg ai/L)

Chronic 

(μg ai/L)

Parent Kd Data (Kd = 3.3 mL/g)

Grapes / Bearing nut trees 0.71 0.71

Degradate Kd Data (Kd = 0.36 mL/g)

Grapes / Bearing nut trees 14.5 14.5

FN-3133 may not be applied more than twice per crop year up to a maximum total of 1.0 

lb ai/A per crop year. As such, EFED performed PRZM/EXAMS and SCIGROW runs for two 

applications of isoxaben at 0.5 lbs ai/acre/application, using the scenario with the highest EECs, 

bearing nut trees. As the label does not specify a retreatment interval (RTI), EFED conducted 

PRZM/EXAMS runs at RTIs of 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days, using the same fate 

parameters outlined in Table 8 and a Kd of 3.3 mL/g. SCIGROW runs were conducted using the 

same fate parameters as presented in Table 9. Results for all model runs indicate EECs were at 

or below the values derived for a single application of isoxaben to bearing nut tree orchards.

e. Monitoring Data

Isoxaben is not included as one of the analytes monitored in U.S. surface and 

groundwater under the USGS’s National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program 

(http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). Surface water and sediment monitoring data from the California 

Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) indicate that six surface water samples were 

collected and analyzed for isoxaben in 2006 in Stanislaus County, but all of the reported 

concentrations were 0 μg/L. The database did not provide the limit of detection for these 

samples, so it is unclear what the concentration truly was. Monitoring data for isoxaben 

degradates were not available.

3. Measures of Terrestrial Exposure 

The proposed application method for isoxaben being evaluated is ground broadcast spray. 

This application method can result in various routes of exposure to non-target terrestrial 

organisms, including ingestion of treated foods, spray drift and runoff. The label specifies no 

more than two applications per year but does not specify limitations on application intervals. 

The seasonal maximum application (1.0 lbs ai/A) can be applied at one time.

a. Terrestrial Animals 

Exposure estimates for terrestrial animals assumed to be in the target area or in an area 

exposed to spray drift are derived using the T-REX model (version 1.4.1, 10.09.2008). This 

model incorporates the Kenaga nomograph, as modified by Fletcher et al. (1994), which is based 

on a large set of actual field residue data. The upper limit dietary-based values (Table 10) from 

the nomograph represent the 95th percentile of residue values from actual field measurements 

(Hoerger and Kenega, 1972) and are based on the proposed maximum single application rate of 

1.0 lb a.i./Acre.. The Fletcher et al. (1994) modifications to the Kenega nomograph are based on 
24

measured field residues from 249 published research papers, including information on 118 

species of plants, 121 pesticides, and 17 chemical classes. 

Table 10. Unadjusted* Dietary EECs from TREX v1.4.1 based on a single application of 1 

lb ai/acre.

Terrestrail Animal Forage Item

Dietary-based

EECs

(mg ai/kg diet)

Short Grass 240.00

Tall Grass 110.00

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 135.00

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 15.00

*not adjusted for size class or nutritive value of food item

b. Terrestrial Plants

Exposure to upland and wetland plants is estimated using the TerrPlant (v1.2.2) screening 

model and AgDRIFT (v2.01). TerrPlant estimates potential exposure from a single application 

using default assumptions for runoff and spray drift (Table 11). For runoff plus drift, TerrPlant 

incorporates two similar conceptual models for depicting dry and semi-aquatic (wetland) areas of 

terrestrial habitats. For both scenarios, a non-target area is adjacent to the treated field. 

Herbicide exposures to plants adjacent to the treated field are estimated to receive runoff and 

drift from the treated field. For a dry area adjacent to the treated orchard or vineyard, runoff 

exposure is estimated as sheet runoff. In the model, sheet runoff is defined as the amount of 

herbicide in water that runs off of the soil surface of a treated field which is equal in size to the 

non-target area (1:1 ratio of areas). For wetland areas, runoff exposure is estimated as 

channelized runoff. In the model, channelized runoff is the amount of herbicide that runs off of a 

treated orchard or vineyard 10 times the size of the area adjacent to the treated orchard or 

vineyard (10:1 ratio of areas). Estimated exposures through runoff plus drift and drift alone are 

then compared to measures of plant survival and growth (e.g. effects to seedling emergence and 

vegetative vigor) to develop RQ values. AgDRIFT provides point estimates of mass deposition 

at distances from the application site.

Table 11. EECs for isoxaben (lbs ai/A) based on the proposed maximum single application rate of 1.0 lb 

ai./Acre.

Description Equation EEC

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.001

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.01

Spray drift A*D 0.001

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.002

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.011

B. Ecological Effects Characterization 

All toxicity studies were conducted with isoxaben, with the exception of terrestrial plant 

studies, which were conducted with a formulated product, i.e., FN-3133. A search of the 
25

publically available ECOTOX database (05/04/2010) resulted in no relevant open literature

toxicity data. 

1. Aquatic Effects Characterization 

The registrant has submitted a suite of studies, as required by CFR 40 Part 1583, which

examine the toxicity of isoxaben to representative aquatic organisms that serve as surrogates for 

organisms that may be exposed. Both acute and chronic effects were determined for freshwater 

fish and invertebrates. Acute effects on marine/estuarine fish and invertebrates and aquatic 

vascular and nonvascular plants were also examined. However, some data gaps remain and will 

be discussed later in the document.

 

a. Aquatic Animals 

i. Effects from Acute Exposure

Most of the available aquatic effects studies were conducted at nominal concentrations of 

0 (control) and 100 mg ai/L. Very few were conducted with a co-solvent, and the water 

solubility of isoxaben is 1 mg/L. There was no reported effort to centrifuge or filter the solute. 

If the solutions were actually prepared with a nominal concentration of 100 mg ai/L and the 

measured concentration is roughly 1 mg ai/L in the acute studies, a precipitate should have been 

reported. However, no precipitate is reported for any of the available studies.

Freshwater Fish

In 96-h acute toxicity studies, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; MRID 00132146), 

bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus; MRID 00132145) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio; 

MRID 00137844) were exposed to isoxaben at mean-measured concentrations of 0 (negative 

control) and 1.0 mg ai/L. No sub-lethal effects were observed in any study. The LC50 and 

NOAEC values (Table 12), based on a lack of mortality and sub-lethal effects, were >1.0 and 1.0 

mg ai/L. Based on the results of these studies, isoxaben is classified as moderately toxic to 

freshwater fish on an acute exposure basis.

Table 12. Freshwater fish and amphibian acute toxicity for technical grade isoxaben.

Species 96-hour

LC50 mg ai/L 

Toxicity 

Category MRID No. Study Classification

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

>1.0 Moderately

toxic

00132146 Supplementa

Bluegill sunfish 

(Lepomis macrochirus)

>1.0 Moderately

toxic

00132145 Supplemental

Common carp

(Cyprinus carpio)

>1.0 Moderately

toxic

00137844 Supplemental

 

3

Code of Federal Regulations 40, Part 158.subpart 630. Terrestrial and aquatic nontarget organism data requirements. 

http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/textidx?c=ecfr;sid=fe712efed37d095118c7637457e011b3;rgn=div5;view=text;node=40%3A23.0.1.1.9;idno=40;cc=ecfr#40:23.0.1.1.9.7.1.1
26

Estuarine/marine Fish

In a 96-h acute toxicity study, sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus; MRID 

40531304) were exposed to isoxaben at time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations were 

<0.02 (<LOQ; controls) and 0.86 mg ai/L. The 96-h LC50 was >0.86 mg ai/L. The LC50 and 

NOAEC values (Table 13), based on a lack of mortality and sub-lethal effects, were 0.86 and 

>0.86 mg ai/L, respectively. Isoxaben is classified as moderately toxic to estuarine/marine fish 

at the limit of its water solubility. 

Table 13. Estuarine/marine fish acute toxicity to technical grade isoxaben.

Species 96-hour

LC50 mg ai/L Toxicity Category MRID No. Study Classification

Sheepshead minnow

(Cyprinodon variegatus) >0.86 Moderately toxic 40531304 Supplemental

Freshwater Invertebrates

Water fleas, Daphnia maga (MRID 00132444), were exposed to isoxaben at meanmeausured concentrations of 0 (control) and 1.3 mg ai/L. No effects were seen in either the 

control or treatment groups. Therefore the 48-h EC50 and NOAEC were >1.3 mg ai/L and 1.3 

mg ai/L, respectively (Table 14). Isoxaben is classified as moderately toxic -toxic to 

estuarine/marine fish at the limit of its water solubility.

Table 14. Freshwater invertebrate acute toxicity for technical grade isoxaben.

Species 96-hour

LC50 mg ai/L Toxicity Category MRID No. Study Classification

Waterflea

(Daphnia magna) >1.3 Moderately toxic 00132444 Supplemental

*at the limit of solubility

Estuarine/marine

Quahog clam larvae (Mercenaria mercenaria; MRID 40531302) were exposed to 

isoxaben at for 48-h under static conditions. Larvae were exposed to mean-measured 

concentrations of <0.02 (<LOQ; negative control) and 0.96 mg ai/L. The 48-hr EC50 was >0.96 

mg ai/L (Table 15). The NOAEC was <0.96 mg ai/L, based on a 40% reduction in normally

developed larvae. The only observed toxic effect was an inhibition of normal larval 

development. It is not clear from the study how ‘normal larvae’ is differentiated from ‘abnormal 

larvae’. Isoxaben is classified as moderately toxic to this species; however, the 40% effect on 

larval developmental is discussed further in the Risk Description..

Grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio; MRID 40531303) demonstrated no effect from 

exposure to a measured concentration of 1 mg ai/L of isoxoaben. Isoxaben is classified as 

moderately toxic to this species at the limit of its water solubility
27

Table 15. Estuarine/marine invertebrate acute toxicity for technical grade isoxaben.

Species 96-hour LC50

mg ai/L Toxicity Category MRID No. Study Classification

Quahog clam

(Mercenaria mercenaria) >0.96 Moderately toxic 40531302 Supplemental

Grass shrimp

(Palaemonetes pugio)

>1.0 Moderately toxic 40531303 Supplemental

ii. Effects from Chronic Exposure

Aquatic vertebrates

A 66-day early-life stage study of the effect of chronic exposure of isoxaben to rainbow trout 

(MRID 00137847) was conducted under flow-through conditions. Fertilized eggs/embryos 

(100/level, early-eyed stage) of rainbow trout were exposed to mean-measured concentrations of 

<0.002 (<LOD, controls), 0.024, 0.048, 0.093, 0.19, and 0.42 mg ai/L, respectively. No 

treatment-related effects were observed on any measured parameter during the study. The 66-

day NOAEC and LOAEC were 0.42 and >0.42 mg ai./L, respectively (Table 16). 

A 33-day early-life stage study of isoxaben with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas; 

MRID 00137848) was conducted under flow-through conditions. Fertilized eggs/embryos 

(100/level, <48 hours old) of fathead minnow were exposed to mean-measured concentrations of 

<0.002 (<LOD, controls), 0.025, 0.048, 0.095, 0.18, and 0.40 mg ai/L, respectively. No 

treatment-related effects were observed on any measured parameter during the study. The 33-

day NOAEC and LOAEC values were 0.40 and >0.40 mg ai/L, respectively. 

Table 16. Early life-stage toxicity of technical grade isoxaben to freshwater fish.

Species NOAEC

mg ai/L

LOAEC

mg ai/L Endpoints Affected

MRID 

No.

Study 

Classification

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

0.42 >0.42 None 00137847 Supplemental

Fathead minnow 

(Pimphales promelas) 0.40 >0.40 None 00137848 Supplemental

No chronic toxicity data were submitted for estuarine/marine fish. However, given the 

reported effect on estuarine/marine invertebrates in the acute exposure study, these data are 

needed for risk assessment purposes. 

Aquatic Invertebrates

In a 21-day static renewal life-cycle study, first instar daphnids (MRID 00137845) were 

exposed to isoxaben at mean-measured concentrations of 0 (control), 0.13, 0.69 and 1.01 mg 

ai/L. No effects were observed in the control, 0.13 or 0.69 mg ai/L treatment groups (Table 17), 

but 13% of the daphnids were immobilized in the highest treatment group. Additionally, 
28

statistically significant effects were reported for growth and reproduction (brood size) at the 

highest treatment concentration. The NOAEC and LOAEC for the study are 0.69 mg ai/L and 

1.01 mg ai/L, respectively, based on impaired growth and reproduction.

Table 17. Freshwater invertebrate full life-cycle toxicity for technical grade isoxaben.

Species NOAEC

mg ai/L

LOAEC

mg ai/L Endpoints Affected MRID No. Study Classification

Waterflea

(Daphnia magna)

0.69 1.01 None 00137845 Supplemental

No chronic toxicity data were submitted for estuarine/marine invertebrates. However, 

given the effects observed on larval development in the acute Quahog clam study suggest these 

data are necessary for risk assessment.

b. Aquatic Plants 

Three studies assessing the effect of isoxaben on the aquatic vascular plant duckweed,

Lemna gibba, are available (Table 18). In a 14-day toxicity study, the freshwater floating 

aquatic vascular plant duckweed (MRID 47428401) was exposed to isoxaben (technical grade 

active ingredient;TGAI) at mean-measured concentrations of<0. 5 (<LOQ, control), 5.8, 13, 24, 

46, and 93 μg ai/L. A NOAEC was not defined in the study. The EC05 and EC50 values for 

decreased biomass, the most sensitive endpoint, were 2.9 and 13 g ai/L, respectively. Inhibition 

in biomass in the treatment groups ranged from 13 to 96%. 

In a 7-day acute toxicity study, duckweed (MRID 47428402) was exposed to isoxaben 

TGAI at mean-measured concentrations of <0.50 (<LOQ, control), 3.1, 6.0, 12.3, 23.6, and 45.9 

g ai/L. The 7-day NOAEC and EC50 values for biomass inhibition, the most sensitive endpoint, 

were 6.0 and 10 g ai/L, respectively. The inhibition in biomass in the treatment groups ranged 

from -1 to 95%. 

In a 14-day acute toxicity study (MRID 47428406), duckweed was exposed to Isoxaben®

500 SC (formulation) at mean-measured concentrations of <0.5 (<LOD, control), 5.1, 10.1, 20.3, 

38.5, 84.2 and 172.1 g ai/L. The 14-day NOAEC and EC50 values for biomass inhibition, the 

most sensitive endpoint, were 10.1 and 15 g ai/L, respectively. A hormetic (low-dose 

stimulatory) effect of 18% increased biomass was seen at the lowest test concentration. In the 

remaining treatment groups, percent inhibition in biomass ranged from 6 to 95%. 

Studies of nonvascular plants are also required and typically involve microalgae. A 

supplemental 14-day static study reports a NOAEC of 1.4 mg ai/L for the green algae 

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly Selenastrum capricornutum). The study is from 

1984, before microalgae studies were routinely submitted to the Agency; raw data were not 

included and the study is not consistent with Agency guidelines. A complete suite of the four 

aquatic nonvascular plant studies has been requested in the Registration Review process.
29

Table 18. Toxicity of technical grade isoxaben to aquatic plant species.

Species/

(duration) % ai

EC50

g ai/L

NOAEC

g ai/L

MRID Study 

Classification

Duckweed (Lemna gibba)

(14 days)

Technical 13 2.9 47428401 Supplemental

Duckweed (Lemna gibba)

(7 days)

Technical 10 6 47428402 Supplemental

Duckweed (Lemna gibba)

(14 days)

Formulationl 15 10.1 47428406 Supplemental

Green algae 

(Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

Technical >1400*1400* 00153111 Supplemental

*Supplemental data not used in Risk Estimation

2. Terrestrial Effects Characterization 

The registrant has submitted a battery of studies that examine the toxicity of isoxaben to 

representative terrestrial organisms that stand as surrogates for animals and plants at risk of 

exposure. Effects of acute and chronic exposure were evaluated for mammals; data are also 

available for birds which serve as a surrogate for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles. Data 

on the effects of isoxaben on terrestrial invertebrates are available with studies of the honeybee 

(Apis mellifera). The toxicity of isoxaben to terrestrial plants was evaluated using representative 

monocotyledonous (monocots) and dicotyledonous (docots) plants.

a. Terrestrial Animals

i. Effects from Acute Exposure 

Birds

The acute oral toxicity of isoxaben to 20-wk-old bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus; 

MRID 00132146) was assessed over 14 days. Isoxaben was administered by oral gavage at 

nominal doses of 0 (vehicle control), 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. The 14-day acute 

oral LD50 was >2000 mg/kg-bw (Table 19). Since no effects were observed in any of the 

treatment levels, the 14-day NOAEL, based on a lack of treatment-related effects, was 2000 

mg/kg-bw. Isoxaben is classified as practically non-toxic to bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) 

on an acute oral exposure basis.

Table 19. Avian acute oral toxicity for technical grade isoxaben.

Species

LD50

(mg ai/kg 

bw)

Toxicity 

Category MRID StudyClassification
Page 30 of 146

Species

LD50

(mg ai/kg 

bw)

Toxicity 

Category MRID StudyClassification

Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus 

virginianus) >2000 Practicallynon-toxic 

00132146 Acceptable

The subacute dietary toxicity of isoxaben to 12-d old bobwhite quails (Colinus 

virginianus; MRID 00132142) was assessed over 8 days (5 days with treated feed and 3 days 

with basal diet). Isoxaben was administered to the birds in their diet at measured concentrations 

of 0 (negative control), 56, 180, 480, 1500, and 4500 mg ai/kg diet. The 8-day subcute dietary 

LC50 was >4500 mg ai/kg diet (Table 20). The NOAEC, based on a lack of treatment-related 

effects, was 4500 mg ai/kg-diet. Isoxaben is considered to be practically nontoxic to bobwhite 

quail on an subacute dietary exposure basis.

The subacute dietary toxicity of isoxaben to 10-d-old mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos; 

MRID 00132143) was assessed over 8 days. Measured concentrations were 0 (negative control),

63, 190, 540, 1600, and 4800 mg ai/kg diet. The 8-day subacute dietary LC50 was >4800 mg 

ai/kg diet. The NOAEC, based on a lack of treatment-related effects, was 4800 mg ai/kg diet. 

Isoxaben is considered to be practically nontoxic to mallard ducks on an subacute dietary

exposure basis

Table 20. Avian subacute dietary toxicity for technical grade isoxaben.

Species

LC50

(mg ai/kg 

diet) 

Toxicity 

Category MRID Study Classification

Northern bobwhite quail

(Colinus virginianus)

>4500 Practically

non-toxic 00132142 Acceptable

Mallard duck

(Anas platyrhynchos)

>4800 Practically 

non-toxic 00132143 Acceptable

Mammals

Rats (Rattus norvegicus) are typically used as surrogates for all mammals, and the data 

are typically reviewed by the Health Effects Division (HED). The following paragraph is taken 

directly from the HED ‘Toxicology Chapter of the New Chemical Registration of Isoxaben’ 

(125851_121587_TX006559_R023250.tif). 

‘Sufficient data are available to show that Technical Isoxaben is not lethal to laboratory 

animals when taken by the oral touts (MRID MJ031, MJ032). All test rats (10/sex) survived a 14 

day study in which Technical Isoxaben was administered orally by gavage at a dose of 10,000 

mg/kg in approximately 34 mi/kg dosage volume (category IV). In a study with mice (10/sex), all 

animals survived to 14 days after a dose of 10,000 mg/kg (category XV).’ 

Therefore the LD50 used in this assessment is >10,000 mg ai/kg-bw (Table 21) and is 

classified as practically nontoxic to mammals on an acute oral exposure basis.

Table 21. Acute oral mammalian toxicity for isoxaben.
Page 31 of 146

Species LD50Toxicity 

Category

Affected

Endpoints MRID No. Classification

Wistar rat

Rattus rattus >10000 mg 

ai/kg-bw

practically nontoxic none

MJ031, 

MJ032 Acceptable

Terrestrial Invertebrates

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) were exposed via contact to doses of isoxaben technical at 0 

(control), 33.9, 67.4 and 101.7 μg ai/bee (MRID 0015311). No mortality or other subeffects 

were reported at any of the doses tested. The LD50 for isoxaben is >101.7 μg ai/bee and isoxaben 

is classified as practically nontoxic to honeybees on an acute contact exposure basis. 

ii. Chronic Effects

Birds

The one-generation reproductive toxicity study of isoxaben to 20 pairs per level of 17-

week old northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus; MRID 00153110) -was assessed over 24 

weeks. Isoxaben was administered to the birds in the diet at mean-measured concentrations of

<LOD (control), 105, 313, and 1073 mg ai/kg-diet, respectively. No treatment-related effects 

were observed on any adult or offspring parameter at any treatment level. Therefore the NOAEC

and LOAEC for the study are 1073 and >1073 mg ai/kg-diet, respectively (Table 22).

The one-generation chronic toxicity of isoxaben to 12 pairs per level of 20-week old 

mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos; MRID 00153109) was assessed over 23 weeks. Isoxaben 

was administered to the birds in their diet at mean-measured concentrations of <LOD (control), 

100, 298, and 946 mg ai/kg-diet, respectively. The study is classified as ‘Supplemental’, because 

it provides insight into the potential for effects of chronic exposure of isoxaben to avian species, 

but the study is insufficient to provide a definitive endpoint. There was a significant reduction in 

the proportion of eggs hatched to live 3-wk old embryos, indicating reproductive effects at least 

as low as 298 mg ai/kg diet. There was a high percentage of cracked eggs in the control (11%), 

nearly double the high-end normal value (6%) as stated in the OPPTS 850.2300 harmonized

guideline4; the elevated number of cracked eggs in the control raises uncertainty regarding the

conditions under which the study was conducted. Furthermore, the number of eggs laid per hen 

was higher than expected (59 vs 38), and the mean percentage of viable embryos per eggs set 

was very low in the control (71% vs 85-98%). There was also an apparent effect on hatchling 

survival per egg set and the number of hatchlings per pen, but high control variability did not 

allow for statistical detection. Additionally, data for two important growth endpoints, hatchling 

weight and 14-d survivor weight were not provided. While these problems are not enough to 

invalidate the study, a definitive endpoint could not be determined.

 

4 USEPA 1996. Ecological Effects Test Guideline 850.2300 Avian Reproduction Test. 

http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/publications/OPPTS_Harmonized/850_Ecological_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/85

0-2300.pdf 
Page 32 of 146

Table 22. Avian reproduction chronic toxicity for technical grade isoxaben.

Species % a.e. NOAEC 

(mg ai/kg diet)

LOAEC 

(mg ai/kg-diet)

MRID Study Classification

Northern bobwhite quail

(Colinus virginianus)

94.5

Technical

1073 >1073 00153110 Supplemental

Mallard duck

(Anas platyrhynchos)

94.5 

Technical

Not established 100 00153109 Supplemental

Mammals

Rats (Rattus norvegicus) are typically used as surrogates for all mammals, and the data 

are typically reviewed by HED. The following paragraph is taken directly from the HED 

‘Toxicology Chapter of the New Chemical Registration of Isoxaben’ 

(125851_121587_TX006559_R023250.tif). It is worth noting that HED considered isoxaben to 

be a Class ‘C’ carcinogen.

‘Rats (25/sex/dose) were administered 0, 500, 2500, or 12500 ppm (0, 25, 125, or 625 

mg/kg/day) Technical Isoxaben in the diet in a three generation reproduction study (MRID 

MJ019, core grade minimum). Parental female toxicity was demonstrated in lowered mean 

bodyweight, lowered mean bodyweight gain, and lowered food efficiency during growth, 

gestation and lactation at 2500 ppm and 12500 ppm. Parental male toxicity was found in 

lowered mean bodyweight during the growth phases. Both parental males and females showed 

increased mean relative liver weight at 12500 ppm and females only at 4500 ppm. (NOEL= 500 

ppm). Reproductive toxicity was demonstrated at 12500 ppm in significantly (p<0.05) decreased 

numbers of viable pups born and depression in mean body weight of progeny on postpartum day 

21 (NOEL = 2500 ppm).’ 

Therefore the NOAEL used in this assessment is 25 mg ai/kg-bw/day (Table 23)

Table 23. Chronic toxicity of isoxaben to mammals.

Species % a.e. NOAEL 

(mg ai/kg-bw) 

LOAEL 

(mg ai/kg-bw) MRID Study Classification

Wistar rat

(Rattus norvegicus)

94.5

Technical

25 125 MJ019 Supplemental

b. Terrestrial Plants

Seedling emergence testing (MRID 47428404) indicate moncot grass species (Family:

Poaceae) tested were unaffected at treatment rates equivalent to an application rate of 0.888 lbs 

ai/A, the highest rate tested. However, only three monocot species were tested. Corn (Zea 

mays), a required test species, was not included in the study. Onion (Allium cepa), which 

typically represents non-graminoid monocot species such as lilies and orchids, was also not 

included. Among broadleaf plants (dicots), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was unaffected at the 

highest rate tested, while fresh weight was affected in pea (Pisum sativum) and sugarbeet (Beta 

vulgaris). Emergence was the most sensitive endpoint for carrot (Daucus carota), lettuce

(Lactuca sativa), oil seed rape (Brassica napus), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Lettuce 
Page 33 of 146

was the most sensitive dicot (EC25 = 0.0095 lbs ai/A); a NOAEC was not established in the 

study, but the lettuce EC05 (0.0014 lbs ai/A) is used in lieu of a NOAEC. 

Vegetative vigor testing (MRID 4748405) indicated that all species tested except wheat 

(Triticum aestivum) and tomato were at least somewhat sensitive to isoxaben. Among monocots, 

ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was particularly sensitive to isoxaben and was the most sensitive 

species tested (EC25 = 0.014 lbs ai/A; NOAEC 0.0034 lbs ai/A. As with the seedling emergence 

study, only three monocot species were tested. Corn, a required test species, was not included in 

the study. Onion, which typically represents non-graminoid monocot species such as lilies and 

orchids, was also not included. Among broadleaf plants, cucumber was the most sensitive 

species, with an EC25 of 0.089 lbs ai/A, and the NOAEC was 0.028 lbs ai/A. Table 24 provides

the most sensitive endpoints from all plant species tested.

Table 24. The most sensitive terrestrial plant endpoints (lbs ai/A) in the studies submitted 

for isoxaben.

Species

Seedling emergernce Vegetative vigor

Endpoint NOAEC EC25 Endpoint NOEC EC25

Oat None 0.888 >0.888 Fresh weight 0.0069 >0.888

Ryegrass None 0.888 >0.888 Fresh weight 0.0034 0.014

Wheat None 0.888 >0.888 None 0.888 >0.888

Oilseed rape Emergence 0.020* 0.028 Survival 0.444 <0.888

Pea Fresh weight 0.056 0.29 Fresh weight 0.056 >0.056

Cucumber None 0.888 >0.888 Fresh weight 0.028 0.089

Carrot Emergence 0.0138 0.043 Fresh weight 0.0034 0.888

Lettuce Emergence 0.0014* 0.0095 Fresh weight 0.056 >0.888

Tomato Emergence 0.0067 0.016 Fresh weight 0.888 >0.888

Sugarbeet Fresh weight 0.056 0.073 None 0.444 0.73

*

-EC05 is used when calculated EC25 is less than derived NOAEC.

3. Ecological Incidents

Both the Agency’s Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) and the Avian Incident 

Monitoring System (AIMS;5) were checked for incidents involving isoxaben. No incidents

involving animals were reported in either database as of 5/11/2010.

Five incidents involving plants are reported for isoxaben in EIIS (Table 25). Four of the 

incidents have a certainty index of ‘Possible’ and one as ‘Unlikely’ to involve the use of 

isoxaben. The ‘Possible’ incidents span 1994 to 2003 and involved ornamental and tree farm 

applications. The reported numbers of affected plants range from 298,346 to 676,000, and 

included woody plants. All incidents report the application rate as 1.0 lbs ai/A. 

 

5 American Bird Conservancy. Avian Incident Monitoring System 

http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/policy/pesticides/aims/aims/index.cfm Accessed May 2010.
Page 34 of 146

Table 25. Summary of incident information reported to the Agency as of 05/10/2010.

Incident ID Use Site Legality Certainty State County Year Total 

No.

Total 

Area

I014702-017

Ornamental, 

woody

Registered 

use

Possible CA Santa Cruz 2003 35000 NR*

I013636-027

Ornamental Registered 

use

Possible OR Washington 2002 NR 6 acres

I001485-001

Tree 

farm/plantation

Undetermi

ned Possible NR NR 1994 676000 NR

I010414-002

Ornamental Registered 

Use Possible CA Santa Cruz 2000 627405 6.5 acres

I006865-001

Nursery Registered 

Use Unlikely OR Multnomah NR 298346 NR

*Not reported

IV. Risk Characterization

A. Risk Estimation 

The risk quotient (RQ) approach, comparing the ratio of estimated exposure 

concentrations (EECs) to toxicity endpoints with predetermined levels of concern (LOC), is used 

in this assessment to estimate potential risk. If the RQs exceed the LOCs, the Agency presumes 

potential for risk to the taxa. These LOCs (Table 26) are the Agency’s interpretive policy and 

are used to determine the need to consider regulatory action by indicating whether a pesticide, 

used as directed on the label, has the potential to cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. 

Although risk is often defined as the likelihood and magnitude of adverse ecological effect, the 

risk quotient-based approach does not provide a quantitative estimate of likelihood and/or 

magnitude of an adverse effect.

Table 26. Levels of concern (LOCs) for various taxa. 

Risk Presumption RQ LOC

Birds

Acute Risk to Non-listed Species EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day 0.5

Acute Restricted Use EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day (or LD50 < 50 mg/kg) 0.2

Acute Risk to Endangered Species EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day 0.1

Chronic Risk EEC/NOAEC 1

Wild Mammals

Acute Risk to Non-listed Species EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day 0.5

Acute Restricted Use EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day (or LD50 < 50 mg/kg) 0.2

Acute Risk to Endangered 

Species EEC/LC50 or LD50/sqft or LD50/day 0.1

Chronic Risk EEC/NOAEC 1

Aquatic Animals

Acute Risk to Non-listed Species EEC/LC50 or EC50 0.5

Acute Restricted Use EEC/LC50 or EC50 0.1

Acute Risk to Endangered 

Species EEC/LC50 or EC50 0.05
Page 35 of 146

Risk Presumption RQ LOC

Chronic Risk EEC/NOAEC 1

Terrestrial and Semi-Aquatic Plants

Acute Risk to Non-listed Species EEC/EC25 1

Acute Risk to Endangered 

Species EEC/NOAEC or EC05 1

Aquatic Plants

Acute Risk to Non-listed Species EEC/EC50 1

Acute Risk to Endangered 

Species EEC/NOAEC or EC05 1

Aquatic 

Isoxaben is soluble in water to 1.0 mg ai/L, and the measured soncentrations in the

aquatic studies were at this reported limit of solubility. The studies were conducted in the 1980s 

and did not attempt to increase the solubility by use of a cosolvent, as recommend in current 

protocols. As previously mentioned, the reported nominal concentrations for most of the studies 

was 100 mg ai/L, however no precipitate was reported. All aquatic studies are considered 

supplemental.

Acute Fish

Because the LC50 for fish is non-definitive (i.e.LC50 >0.86 mg ai/L), RQs are not 

presented. The EEC/LC50 ratio calculated with the highest concentration tested for reference 

purposes (0.03) would not exceed the LOC for risk of acute mortality to listed species. 

Freshwater fish serve as surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians. Since no mortality or 

sublethal effects were reported in the any of the freshwater or estuarine/marine fish studies, risk 

is considered low for these taxa. 

Chronic Fish

No effects to freshwater fish from chronic exposure to isoxaben were reported up to the 

maximum concentration tested for fathead minnows, i.e. NOAEC=400 μg ai/L. The maximum 

60-day TTR EEC is 21.1 μg ai/L and the resulting RQ is 0.05. The chronic RQ for freshwater 

fish of 0.05 is two orders of magnitude below the chronic risk LOC of 1.0. There are no chronic 

toxicity data available for estuarine/marine fish, so RQs cannot be calculated. However, based 

on the available freshwater fish data, no chronic effects to estuarine/marine fish are expected.

Acute Invertebrates

Because the most sensitive acute LC50 or EC50 for across the aquatic invertebrates

(freshwater and estuarine/marine) is non-definitive (i.e. Quahog clamEC50 >960 μg ai/L), 

individual RQs are not presented. The RQ calculated with the highest peak TTR EEC of 24.5 μg 

ai/L and the non-definitive toxicity estimate for the clam is < 0.03 and would not exceed the 

LOC (0.05) for acute riskto listed species. While no sublethal effects were seen daphnids or 

grass shrimp, 40% abnormal larvae were reported in the clam study. 
Page 36 of 146

Chronic Invertebrates

Based on the maximum 21-day TTR EEC of 22.7 μg ai/L and a 21-day life cycle test 

with the cladoceran Daphnia magna NOAEC of 690 μg ai/L, the highest chronic RQ value is 

0.03. The highest chronic RQ (0.03) for freshwater invertebrates from the proposed uses does 

not exceed the chronic risk LOC (1.0). No effects were reported in the daphnid life-cycle study. 

No data for chronic exposure to estuarine/marine species are available. Given the developmental 

effects observed in the acute Quahog clam study, there is uncertainty regarding the potential 

chronic effects of isoxaben on estuarine/marine invertebrates. As such, risk to estuarine/marine

invertebrates cannot be precluded.

Plants

Frank effects on duckweed biomass were reported in all three studies available. Effects 

were roughly equivalent at both 7- and 14-days and for both formulated product and TGAI. The 

RQs (Table 27) based on the most sensitive of the available endpoints exceeds both the listed 

and nonlisted LOCs for the proposed uses.

Table 27. RQs for aquatic vascular plants from the proposed uses of isoxaben.

Proposed Use

Maximum TTR EEC

μg ai/L

Nonlisted

Species RQ

EC50 = 10 μg ai/L

Listed Species RQ

EC05=6 μg ai/L

Grapes 14.2 1.4 2.4

Bearing nut trees 22.2 2.2 3.7

Appropriate endpoints for aquatic nonvascular plants are not available for this 

assessment; therefore risk cannot be quantitatively assessed and is presumed for these taxa.

Terrestrial Animals

Birds

Potential risks to birds are evaluated below. Risk estimates for birds are also used as 

surrogates for reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians. 

Acute

No acute toxic effects were observed in either acute oral or subacute dietary studies with 

either mallard ducks or bobwhite quail. The acute and subacute endpoints for avian species are 

non-definitive (i.e. > highest limit dose and dietary concentration tested), therefore RQs are not 

presented. Although ‘RQs’ calculated with the highest dose tested in the acute oral study (2000 

mg ai/kg-diet) would exceed the acute risk LOC (0.1) for listed species foraging on short grass 

and broadleaf plants/small insects the absence of any sign of toxicity among the birds tested 

makes the likelihood of actual risk low.
Page 37 of 146

Chronic

Because a NOAEC is not available for birds, potential risk cannot be precluded. For the 

proposed new uses, a reference RQ calculated with the mallard chronic LOAEC (100 mg ai/kgdiet; Table 28) exceeds the chronic risk LOC (1.0) for birds by more than two-fold for species 

foraging on short grass. Avian RQs are surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.

Table 28. Upper Bound Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

NOAEC (ppm)

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects

Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

EEC

(ppm) RQ EEC(ppm) RQ EEC(ppm) RQ EEC(ppm) RQ

100 240 >2.40*110 >1.10*135 >1.35*15 >0.15

*

bold indicates RQ exceeds chronic risk LOC (RQ≥1.0)

Mammals

Acute

Although the acute oral LD50 for rats is nondefinitive and exceeds 10,000 mg ai/kg-bw, 

no mortality was observed in any of the treated animals; therefore RQs are not presented. Since 

isoxaben is considered practically nontoxic to mammals on an acute oral exposure basis and no 

sublethal effects were reported, risk is considered low. 

Chronic

For the proposed new uses of isoxaben, dose-based chronic RQs exceed the chronic risk 

LOC of 1.0 (Table 29) for all size classes of mammals foraging on short grass, tall grass and 

broadleaf plant/small insects except large (1000 g) mammals foraging on tall grass. The RQ for 

small mammals (15 g) foraging on short grass exceeds the LOC by more than four-fold. All 

chronic dietary–based RQs are below the chronic risk LOC (Table 30). 

a

bold indicates RQ exceeds chronic risk LOC (RQ≥1.0)

Table 29. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients. EEC in ppm.

Size Class

(grams)

Adjusted 

NOAEL

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass

Broadleaf 

Plants/

Small Insects

Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large 

Insects

Granivore

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

15 54.95 228.82 4.16a104.88 1.91 128.71 2.34 14.30 0.26 3.18 0.06

35 44.46 158.15 3.56 72.48 1.63 88.96 2.00 9.88 0.22 2.20 0.05

1000 19.23 36.67 1.91 16.81 0.87 20.63 1.07 2.29 0.12 0.51 0.03
Page 38 of 146

Table 30. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients. EEC in ppm.

NOAEC 

(ppm)

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects

Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

500 240.00 0.48 110.00 0.22 135.00 0.27 15.00 0.03

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients 

Terrestrial Plants

The most sensitive monocot and dicot in the vegetative vigor and seedling emergence 

studies are used to derive the RQs in TerrPlant. In the seedling emergence study, no monocots 

were affected; however, only three species were included in the study, and they were all grasses. 

The most sensitive dicot was lettuce (EC25 = 0.0095 lbs ai/A). Rye grass is the most sensitive 

monocot in the vegetative vigor study (EC25 = 0.014 lbs ai/A) and pea is the most sensitive dicot, 

with an EC25 >0.056 lbs ai/A (NOAEC = 0.056 lbs ai/A). 

At the maximum seasonal application rate, RQs for both listed and non-listed dicots 

exceed the risk to terrestrial plant LOC for species exposed to runoff plus drift in adjacent upland 

and wetlands as well as drift alone (Table 31). The LOC for nonlisted plants is exceeded by

more than 11-fold and exceeded for listed species by over 78-fold. The RQ for listed monocots 

exceeds the risk to terrestrial plant LOC by nearly 3-fold.

Table 31. Risk quotients for plants and endangered terrestrial plants for ground 

application of isoxaben at the maximum seasonal application rate (1.0 lbs ai/A).1

Terrestrial Plant 

Group

Ground Spray

Adjacent uplands Adjacent wetlands Drift Only

Monocots <0.1 0.12 0.71

Dicots 2.11

12 2.9

Listed Monocots <0.1 0.12 1.0

Listed Dicots 14 79 7.1

1Bold values denote an exceedance of the LOC (RQ≥1.0).

B. Risk Description 

Isoxaben is characterized as a moderately persistent and mobile compound. Although 

primary routes of degradation include aqueous photolysis, aerobic aqueous metabolism and 

anaerobic aqueous metabolism, uncertainty regarding the potential toxicity of its residues 

increases estimated environmental concentrations. Consistent with the risk hypothesis, potential 

direct risk to both plant and animal species is possible from the proposed uses of isoxaben. Since 

risk to both aquatic and terrestrial plants is indicated, indirect effects to other taxa may occur. 
Page 39 of 146

Since the screening-level assessment uses few surrogate species to estimate risk to all aquatic 

and terrestrial organisms, it is possible that some species will be more sensitive than those tested.

Although the label is not explicit, the proposed uses are thought to be ground spray, to 

avoid injury to the proposed uses on bearing nut orchards and vineyards. This assessment 

however, does not evaluate aerial applications. If the proposed uses are intended to be applied 

aerially, the potential risk in this assessment will be under estimated. Risk in this document is 

calculated based on a single application of 1.0 lb ai/A, the total annual rate. The label allows for 

two applications at a lower rate, but additional modeling indicates that this scenario has no 

appreciable effect on the risk estimates.

Since the acute aquatic studies reported endpoints greater than the highest dose tested, 

RQs were not presented in the Risk Estimation section. However, there is uncertainty in the 

assessment. The studies did not attempt to increase the solubility of isoxaben in water beyond 

the reported limit of solubility of 1.0 mg ai/L. However, EECs were modeled using a total toxic 

residue approach (TTR) because degradate toxicity is unknown. Therefore, EECs are thought to 

be conservative and as such are likely to be protective for aquatic species.

No adverse effects were reported in the either the acute or chronic toxicity studies of fish, 

therefore risk to fish is thought to be low. Although chronic exposure data are not available for 

estuarine/marine fish, the absence of effects in the available acute and chronic studies suggests 

effects are likely to be minimal. Also, since isoxaben has limited solubility in freshwater, its 

solubility in salt water is likely to be lower than that in freshwater and as a result make it less 

likely of causing adverse effects.

The sublethal effects reported in the acute exposure estuarine/marine clam study, i.e.,

40% abnormal larvae at the highest dose tested, suggest that isoxaben may have an effect on 

sensitive aquatic invertebrates. Abnormal larvae were defined in the study as number of normal 

larvae minus total number of larvae. Although the clam is an estuarine/marine species, it may

represent freshwater mollusc species more sensitive to isoxaben than daphnids. ‘RQs’ calculated 

with highest test concentration are <0.02 and are below the acute risk LOC for listed aquatic 

invertebrates. Because of these sublethal effects in the acute clam study and in the absence of 

estuarine/marine chronic toxicity data, the potential for chronic effects cannot be precluded for 

estuarine/marine invertebrates. 

There is potential for the proposed uses of isoxaben to adversely affect aquatic vascular 

plant based on frank effects seen in the submitted studies. The RQ for listed aquatic vascular 

species exceeds the LOC nearly four-fold for the bearing nut tree use, based on a relatively 

conservative scenario. In less vulnerable areas, the LOC exceedance will be less, proportional to 

the lower EEC.

Isoxaben is classified as practically nontoxic to birds on an acute oral exposure basis and 

no effects were reported at the highest dose tested. Given the absence of effects in the acute oral

and subacute dietary studies, acute and subacute risks to birds are considered to be low. 

The lack of a chronic NOAEC for avian species (mallards) means that potential risk from 

chronic exposure to birds is assumed. The RQ calculated with the LOAEC (100 mg ai/kg-diet) 

from the mallard duck study exceeds the chronic risk LOC of 1.0 by more than two-fold. No 
Page 40 of 146

effects were reported in the bobwhite quail reproduction study. There was a great deal of 

variability in the mallard duck study’s controls and the study was marginally considered 

supplemental. Additionally, both studies lacked important growth endpoints. 

While risk of mortality from acute exposure to isoxaben is expected to be low for 

mammals from the proposed uses of isoxaben, chronic risk is indicated. Although dietary-based 

RQs do not exceed the chronic risk LOC of 1.0, dose-based RQs exceed the LOC by over fourfold for small mammals foraging on short grass. The dose-based calculation takes into account 

that different-sized animals have to consume different amounts of food and that the food itself 

has differing nutritional value. Overall, small- and medium-sized mammals foraging on short 

grass, tall grass and broadleaf plants/small insects exceed the chronic risk LOC, as do large 

mammals foraging on short grass and broadleaf plants/small insects.

Given that risk from chronic exposure from the proposed uses of isoxaben is indicated for 

birds (and surrogates) and mammals, this route of exposure is a primary concern for these taxa. 

This assessment is based on a single application at the seasonal maximum application rate, but 

the label allows for up to two applications per season. Two applications of isoxaben at 0.5 lbs 

ai/A seven days apart does not appreciably change the risk estimates using the default foliar 

dissipation half-life. However, if the foliar dissipation half-life was, hypothetically, found to be 

3 days, two applications of 0.5 lbs ai/A would roughly halve the chronic RQs. Reducing the 

application rate by one half also reduces the RQs by one half, but there are still exceedances. 

There is uncertainty with respect to the species chosen for testing and their relative 

sensitivity compared to the range in potential sensitivities found in the ecosystem. Animal 

species selected for toxicity testing have generally been selected for their ease of husbandry in 

laboratory environments. It is possible that exposed species will be more or less sensitive to 

isoxaben than wild type species. The predominant direction of this uncertainty is unknown.

Although considered a preemergent herbicide, isoxaben may injure plants in later stages 

of development as well. Although the seedling emergence RQs, derived from runoff plus drift, 

are much higher than those for drift alone, derived using the vegetative vigor endpoint, RQs for 

dicots and listed monocots exceed the risk to terrestrial plant LOC. While grasses do not appear 

to be affected by isoxaben based on seedling emergence, some grasses appear to be susceptible 

to injury by isoxaben at later growth stages.

Although sublethal effects on growth are used to calculate RQs for nontarget plants, only

ten crop species are used to estimate phytotoxicity to the entire terrestrial plant population, 

including trees, mosses, ferns, etc. It is uncertain how well the tested species represent the 

sensitivity distribution of the terrestrial plants as a whole that may come in contact with 

isoxaben. Additionally, since chronic and reproductive effects in particular are not evaluated at 

this time, the sublethal endpoints should be considered the best available indication of potentially

critical effects to individual plant species and plant communities.

Runoff is a major factor in nontarget terrestrial plant exceedances based on TerrPlant. It 

is difficult to estimate how far from the application site adverse effects may occur. While RQs 

cannot be directly used to estimate the magnitude or likelihood of effects, it is true that lower 

application rates result in lower EECs. However, given the LOC for listed dicots would be 
Page 41 of 146

exceeded more than 79-fold at a single application of 1.0 lbs ai/A, even with a reduction in 

application rate the potential for nontarget plant effects would remain. 

It is also important to consider that modeled runoff is only compared to endpoints from 

the seedling emergence study. The method of pesticide application in the guideline studies 

allows for analysis of effects to seedlings from both spray drift and runoff, but the vegetative 

vigor studies can only be analyzed for effects from spray drift. The potential for effects on older 

plants, such as those in the vegetative vigor study, from runoff through stem contact or root 

uptake remains an uncertainty and plant risk may be underestimated in this assessment. 

There is uncertainty with respect to the species chosen for testing and their relative 

sensitivity compared to the range in potential plant sensitivities found in the ecosystem. Plants 

tested are crop plants, typically subjected to hundreds of years of human selection. It is possible 

that crop species will be more or less sensitive to isoxaben than native wild type species. The 

predominant direction of this uncertainty is unknown. The only monocots tested were grass 

species (Family: Poaceae), which are generally not sensitive to isoxaben at the application rates 

tested. Typically, onion (Family: Liliaceae) is the tested species representing the other monocot 

families (e.g. Orchidaceae, Smilacaceae). The lack of a second monocot family tested results in 

considerable uncertainty about the potential risk to non-grass species. 

Effects to sensitive trees and other perennial species may occur that cannot be accounted 

for by current modeling and phytotoxicity studies. Changes in plant community composition 

may occur due to differences in species sensitivity. Such changes could lead to local reductions 

in biodiversity and influence animal species through changes in available habitat and preferred 

food sources.

The drift RQs in TerrPlant are based on estimated exposure roughly 200 feet from the 

application site, and exceed the LOC by over 7-fold for listed nontarget plants. The AgDRIFT 

model was used to refine the potential effect of isoxaben drift to nontarget plants. Ground 

applications at the total annual application rate, 1.0 lbs ai/A, were modeled for all of the species 

in the seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies (Table 32). This table indicates the 

distance from the edge of the application area where the RQ for that endpoint falls below the risk 

to terrestrial plant LOCs. For the most sensitive species, lettuce, effects on seedling emergence 

may be seen at out to 249 ft from the application area, and beyond 997 ft for listed species. For 

vegetative vigor, effects may be seen out to 174 ft from the application area, and out to 554 ft for 

listed species. 

Table 32 Distance (feet) from the edge of field where the RQ falls below the risk to 

terrestrial plant LOC for seedling emergence endpoints for ground application, based on 

AgDRIFT EECs.

Plant 

Species

Seedling Emergence Vegetative vigor

Listed Nonlisted Listed Nonlisted

Oat 3.3 <3.3 325 <3.3

Ryegrass 3.3 <3.3 554 174
Page 42 of 146

Plant 

Species

Seedling Emergence Vegetative vigor

Listed Nonlisted Listed Nonlisted

Wheat 3.3 <3.3 3.3 <3.3

Oilseed rape 125 92 6.6 >3.3

Pea 46 10 46 <46

Cucumber 3.3 <3.3 92 30

Carrot 177 49 554 <3.3

Lettuce >997 249 46 <3.3

Tomato 331 154 3.3 <3.3

Sugarbeet 46 36 6.6 3.3

The distance estimates are derived using EFED’s AgDRIFT default values, which include 

the use of a high-boom (50 in height) ground application and ASABE droplet size spectrum 

‘very fine to fine’. However, herbicides are often applied with larger droplets sizes and the 

proposed use sites, bearing nut orchards and vineyards, together with the use of isoxaben as a 

preemergent herbicide, suggest these may be highly conservative assumptions. AgDRIFT 

modeling was also conducted using low boom (20 in height) and ASAE droplet size spectrum 

‘fine to medium/coarse’. Using these parameters, the longest distance to an exposure value equal 

to the vegetative vigor NOAEC is 144 ft and to the seedling emergence NOAEC is 430 ft. While 

this is still a considerable distance from the edge of the application area, it is appreciably less 

than the undefined >997 ft distance predicted using the default parameters. 

Adding addition uncertainty to the drift estimates is the assumption of the model of a bare 

ground fetch for the wind to traverse before carrying the droplets out to the predicted distance. 

While this is an uncertainty regardless of the application of the model, the assumption is less 

likely to be true for many of the bearing nut orchards. Most of these orchards feature a fairly

dense stand of trees with a relatively closed canopy, which would presumably alter the flow of 

air across the application site. Therefore, even the estimate of 430 ft may be very conservative 

for many (but not all) of the proposed application sites. Large tree orchards (e.g. pecans) and 

vineyards are less likely to have the degree of air flow interruption as the smaller tree orchards 

(e.g. apples).

Because isoxaben is moderately persistant and moderately mobile, contamination of 

ground water used as irrigation was considered as a possible route of exposure to terrestrial 

plants. The highest estimated groundwater concentration value from SciGrow (14.5 ppb) applied 

in one inch of water on an acre of land corresponds to an application rate of 0.0032 lbs ai/A, 

roughly one third of the most sensitive terrestrial plant endpoint, lettuce seedling emergence

(Appendix A). Therefore, this route of exposure is not expected to pose a significant risk to 

nontarget terrestrial plants. However, should this estimated ground water concentration result in 

exposure to aquatic plants via ground water recharge, the aquatic plants may be affected. 
Page 43 of 146

No incidents involving animals have been reported to the Agency's EIIS database, and no 

incidents involving birds are reported in the AIMS database. However, the absence of reported 

incidents should not be construed as the absence of incidents. Incident reports for non-target 

organisms typically provide information only on mortality events and plant damage. Sublethal 

effects in organisms such as abnormal behavior, reduced growth and/or impaired reproduction 

are rarely reported, except for phytotoxic effects in terrestrial plants. EPA’s changes in the 

registrant reporting requirements for incidents in 1998 may account for lack of reported 

incidents. Registrants are now only required to submit detailed information on ‘major’ fish, 

wildlife, and plant incidents. Minor fish, wildlife, and plant incidents, as well as all other nontarget incidents, are generally reported aggregately and are not included in EIIS. In addition, 

there have been changes in State monitoring efforts due to a lack of resources. However, the 

incident data discussed earlier suggest that, at least for plants, exposure pathways for isoxaben

are complete and that exposure levels are sufficient to result in field-observable effects.

As required under FFDCA section 408(p), EPA has developed the Endocrine Disruptor 

Screening Program (EDSP) to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide active 

and other ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect produced by

a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may

designate.” The EDSP employs a two-tiered approach to making the statutorily required 

determinations. Tier 1 consists of a battery of 11 screening assays to identify the potential of a 

chemical substance to interact with the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid (E, A, or T) hormonal 

systems. Chemicals that go through Tier 1 screening and are found to have the potential to 

interact with E, A, or T hormonal systems will proceed to the next stage of the EDSP where EPA 

will determine which, if any, of the Tier 2 tests are necessary based on the available data. Tier 2 

testing is designed to identify any adverse endocrine related effects caused by the substance, and 

establish a dose-response relationship between the dose and the E, A, or T effect.

Between October 2009 and February 2010, EPA issued test orders/data call-ins for the 

first group of 67 chemicals, which contains 58 pesticide active ingredients and 9 inert 

ingredients. This list of chemicals was selected based on the potential for human exposure 

through pathways such as food and water, residential activity, and certain post-application 

agricultural scenarios. This list should not be construed as a list of known or likely endocrine 

disruptors.

Isoxaben is not among the group of 58 pesticide active ingredients on the initial list to be 

screened under the EDSP. Under FFDCA sec. 408(p) the Agency must screen all pesticide 

chemicals. Accordingly, EPA anticipates issuing future EDSP test orders/data call-ins for all 

pesticide active ingredients. 

For further information on the status of the EDSP, the policies and procedures, the list of 

67 chemicals, the test guidelines and the Tier 1 screening battery, please visit our website: 

http://www.epa.gov/endo/.

C. Uncertainties and Data Gaps

The aerobic soil metabolism study upon which this assessment is based was conducted on 

four foreign soils. The study was classified as supplemental, as all of the soils were foreign and 
Page 44 of 146

it was unclear if they were comparable to soils in the United States, adding to the uncertainty of 

how quickly isoxaben degrades in an aerobic soil environment. A study conducted on soils from 

the United States would provide better clarity on the degradation of isoxaben and confirm the 

results obtain herein. However, using a TTR modeling approach and employing the 90th

percentile of the upper confidence bound on the mean of the five TTR half-life values reduces 

the level of uncertainty in the conservative nature of the EEC estimates.

Several studies were submitted to fulfill the adsorption/desorption data requirement. 

MRID 00164645 was classified as not acceptable for a number of reasons, primarily because the 

leaching was not continuous and done in a timely manner, a complete material balance was not 

provided, and the soil samples were not analyzed for residues. MRID 00132124 was classified 

as unacceptable for a number for reasons, primarily because isoxaben and its transformation 

products were not identified after aging, prior to leaching, or after leaching. MRID 41106303 

was reviewed in 1990 and classified as acceptable, provided the “toxicology branch determines 

that degradates other than 201469 (hydoxyisoxaben) are not of toxicological concern.” For the 

drinking water and ecological risk assessments, the degradates hydroxyisoxaben, 

dimethoxybenzamide, methoxyphenylpyrimidinol, and amino ethyl methyl (AEM) 

hexenoylisoxaben were not expected to be more toxic to humans than the parent compound, but 

data were not available to exclude them as residues of concern. As such, mobility data on 

isoxaben and its degradates of concern would provide better clarity on the mobility of isoxaben 

and its degradates and confirm the results obtain herein. Alternatively, toxicity data which 

precludes the degradates hydroxyisoxaben, dimethoxybenzamide, methoxyphenylpyrimidinol, 

and AEM hexenoylisoxaben as residues of concern would eliminate the need for mobility data 

for the isoxaben degradates and a new mobility study.

The bioconcentration study for isoxaben residues accumulated in bluegill was classified 

as supplemental because isoxaben residues were incompletely characterized and residues in the 

whole fish tissue were not determined experimentally. While the relatively low Kow and these 

bioconcentration factors in fish suggest that isoxaben is not expected to accumulate in aquatic or 

terrestrial food chains, an acceptable study would reduce uncertainty with regards to aquatic 

exposure effects.

There is also uncertainty associated with the ability of the aquatic exposure modeling to 

simulate aquatic exposures as well as in the selection of input parameters. In this regard, one of 

the potentially important parameters that can impact concentration estimates is the selection of 

appropriate application dates. Although the pesticide application dates were selected to be most 

appropriate with considerations for application recommendations, model simulated cropping 

dates, and label restrictions, variability nevertheless results because the the time span that a 

pesticide may likely be applied may be large and the actual application dates are unknown. Such 

variability is caused by the temporal proximity of a pesticide application to rain events. As with 

all model estimates, the values presented here should not be viewed as precise estimates.

V. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species 

The screening-level risk assessment indicates that risk to birds and mammals from chronic 

exposure is possible from the proposed uses of isoxaben. Chronic risk to estuarine/marine 

invertebrates is presumed due to lack of data and sublethal effects in an acute study. Risk to 

aquatic vascular and terrestrial plants is indicated. In addition to listed plant species risk, the
Page 45 of 146

Agency considers the LOC exceedances as indicative of a potential for secondary (indirect) 

adverse effects to those listed species that rely either on a specific plant species (plant species 

obligate) or multiple plant species (plant dependant) for some important aspect of their life cycle 

(indirect effects). Indirect effects may include general habitat modification, host plant loss, and 

food supply disruption. Further analysis regarding the overlap of individual species with each 

use site is required prior to determining the likelihood of potential impact to listed species. Such 

a refinement is outlined in the following sections.

a. Action Area

For listed species assessment purposes, the action area is considered to be the area 

affected directly or indirectly by the Federal action and not merely the immediate area involved 

in the action. At the initial screening level, the risk assessment considers broadly described 

taxonomic groups and so conservatively assumes that listed species within those broad groups 

are co-located with the pesticide treatment area. This means that terrestrial plants and wildlife 

are assumed to be located on or adjacent to the treated site and aquatic organisms are assumed to 

be located in a surface water body adjacent to the treated site. The assessment also assumes that 

the listed species are located within an assumed area, which has the relatively highest potential 

exposure to the pesticide, and that exposures are likely to decrease with distance from the 

treatment area. 

If the assumptions associated with the screening-level action area result in RQs that are 

below the listed species LOCs, a "no effect" determination conclusion could be made with 

respect to listed species in that taxa, and no further refinement of the action area is necessary. 

Furthermore, RQs below the listed species LOCs for a given taxonomic group indicate no 

concern for indirect effects upon listed species that depend upon the taxonomic group covered by 

the RQ as a resource. However, in situations where the screening assumptions lead to RQs in 

excess of the listed species LOCs for a given taxonomic group, a "may affect" designation

cannot be precluded and may be associated with direct effects on listed species belonging to that 

taxonomic group or may extend to indirect effects upon listed species that depend upon that 

taxonomic group as a resource. In such cases, additional information on the biology of listed 

species, the locations of these species, and the locations of use sites need to be considered along 

with available information on the fate and transport properties of the pesticide to determine the 

extent to which screening assumptions regarding an action area apply to a particular listed 

organism. These subsequent refinement steps could delineate how this information would 

impact the action area for a particular listed organism and may potentially include areas of 

exposure that are downwind and downstream of the pesticide use site.
Page 46 of 146

b. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk 

The RQs calculated based on the ratio of EECs to toxicity endpoints exceed the LOC in 

this case the chronic exposure endpoints for bird and mammals and the NOAEC values from 

aquatic and terrestrial plant toxicity studies. Should estimated exposure levels occur in proximity

to listed resources, direct risk to listed birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians, reptiles, mammals and

plant species and indirect effects on animal species (aquatic and terrestrial; Table 34) are

possible. Appendix C provides a count-by-state listing of species for each taxon that may be 

affected by this action. This screening-level assessment is based on the initial assumption that 

listed species within the taxonomic groups of concern are actually present in areas for which the 

estimated exposure levels used for RQ calculation can be expected to occur. A specific 

determination for any RQ in excess of listed species LOCs cannot be made until a determination 

of the co-occurrence of the listed species with the action area has been determined. This was not 

done for this assessment.

Table 33. Potential Listed Species Risks Associated with Direct or Indirect Effects Due to 

the Proposed Application of Isoxaben on Grapes and Bearing Nut Trees.

Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effects

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants -

monocots Yes Yes1

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants - dicots Yes Yes1

Birds Yes Yes1

Terrestrial-phase amphibians Yes Yes1

Terrestrial invertebrates Yes Yes1

Reptiles Yes Yes1

Mammals Yes Yes1

Aquatic vascular plants Yes Yes1

Aquatic nonvascular plants No Yes1

Freshwater fish No Yes1

Aquatic-phase amphibians No Yes1

Freshwater invertebrates No Yes1

Mollusks No Yes1
Page 47 of 146

Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effects

Marine/estuarine fish No Yes1

Marine/estuarine crustaceans Yes Yes1

1Nonlisted LOC exceeded for terrestrial plants, therefore there is potential for adverse effects to those species that 

rely either on a specific plant species or multiple plant species. Plant indirect effects may include general habitat 

modification, host plant loss, and food supply disruption.

c. Indirect Effects Analysis 

Because terrestrial plant RQs are above risk to non-endangered species LOCs, there is a 

potential for adverse effects to those listed species that are plant species obligates or plant 

dependant for some important aspect of their life cycle. The extent to that the new uses of 

isoxaben will indirectly affect listed animal species will require identification of listed species 

that co-occur in areas of isoxaben use and an evaluation of critical habit as described below. 

Because of the potential extent of the use of isoxaben, EFED cannot preclude the possibility of a 

‘likely to adversely affect’ designation for listed species based on this assessment.

d. Critical Habitat

The screening-level risk assessment has identified potential concerns for direct and 

indirect effects on listed species associated with action areas where isoxaben is used. In light of 

the potential for effects on listed species, the next step for EPA and the Services is to identify

which listed species and critical habitat are potentially implicated. Analytically, the 

identification of such species and critical habitat can occur in either of two ways. First, the 

agencies could determine whether the action area overlaps critical habitat or the occupied range 

of each listed species. If so, EPA would examine the potential impact of the use of isoxaben on 

listed species and whether impacts on non-endangered species would affect the listed species 

indirectly or directly affect a constituent element of the critical habitat. Then EPA would 

determine whether use of the pesticide overlaps the critical habitat or the occupied range of those 

listed species. At present, the information reviewed by EPA does not permit use of either 

analytical approach to make a definitive identification of species that are potentially impacted 

indirectly or critical habitats that are potentially impacted directly by the use of the pesticide. 

EPA and the Services will work together to conduct the necessary analysis.

e. Co-occurrence Analysis

The goal of the analysis for co-location is to determine whether sites of pesticide use are 

geographically associated with known locations of listed species. At the screening level, this 

analysis is accomplished using the Agency’s LOCATES (v. 2.10.3) database. The database uses 

location information for listed species at the county level and compares it to agricultural census 

data for crop production at the same county level of resolution. The database contains Federallylisted species that are located within states known to produce the crop upon which the pesticide 

will be used. Because the screening-level assessment considers both direct and indirect effects 

across generic taxonomic groupings, it is not possible to exclude any taxonomic group from a 
Page 48 of 146

LOCATES database query for a screening-level risk assessment. Therefore, a ‘may affect’ 

designation cannot be precluded for listed animals based on this assessment.

VI. Literature Cited

FEMVTA. 2001. FIFRA Environmental Model Validation Task Force, Final Report. Editors: 

Jones, R.L. and M.H. Russell. Available online at: http://femvtf.com/femvtf/index.htm.

Fletcher, J.S., J.E. Nellessen, T.G. Pfleeger. 1994. Literature review and evaluation of the EPA 

food-chain (Kenaga) nomogram, an instrument for estimating pesticide residues on 

plants. Environ. Tox. Chem. 13:1383-1391.

Hoerger, F. and E.E. Kenaga. 1972. Pesticide residues on plants: Correlation of representative 

data as a basis for estimation of their magnitude in the environment. In F. Coulston and 

F. Korte, eds., Environmental Quality and Safety: Chemistry, Toxicology, and 

Technology, Georg Thieme Publ, Stuttgart, West Germany, pp. 9-28. Support Document 

#14. 

Salihue, S., Hatzios, K.K., Derr, J.F. 1998. Comparative Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism 

of Root-Applied Isoxaben in Ajuga (Ajuga reptans) and Two Ornamental Euonymus 

Species. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 60:2 pp. 119-131

USEPA. 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Office of 

Research and Development, Washington, D.C. EPA/630/R-95/002F. April 1998.

USEPA. 2004b. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide 

Programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticide and 

Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs. 

US EPA. 2006. Standard Soil Mobility Classification Guidance. U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. April 

21, 2006.

USEPA. 2009. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and 

Transport of Pesticides, Version 2.1, October 22, 2009. Office of Pesticide Programs, 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division.

USEPA. 2010. Memorandum from George Kramer to Isoxaben Risk Assessment Team. 

Isoxaben. Report of the Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcommittee (ROCKS). 

March 31, 2010. 

Willis, G. H. and L..L. McDowell, 1987. Pesticide Persistence on Foliage. in Reviews of 

Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 100:23-73.
Page 49 of 146

MRIDS

MRID 00250449

Mosier, J.W. and Saunders, D.G. 1983. Hydrolysis of EL- 107 in buffer solution. A Chapter within: EL-1 

07. Application for 2-year EUP. Unpublished study conducted by Lilly Research Laboratories, 

Greenfield, Indiana. Sponsored and submitted by Elanco Products Company, A Division of Eli Lilly and 

Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. Report No.: I-EWD-82-05. Final report issued June 9, 1983.

MRID 40059506

Rutherford, B. 1986. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Technical Isoxaben. Laboratory Project ID 

BSR8506. Unpublished study performed and submitted by Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN. 

Final report issued October 22, 1986.

MRID 46393201

Sarff, P. and L.G. Heim. Anaerobic soil degradation of isoxaben. 2003. Unpublished study performed by 

ABC Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, MO; sponsored and submitted by Dow AgroSciences LLC, 

Indianapolis, IN. ABC Study No.: 46880, Dow study No.: 010045 and Dow PTRNo.: 30258020-5562-1. 

Final report issued May 23, 2003.

MRID 46393202

Sarff, P. 2003. Aerobic transformation of isoxaben in aquatic sediment systems. Unpublished study 

performed by ABC Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, MO and Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN; 

sponsored and submitted by Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN. ABC Study No.: 4688 1, Dow 

AgroSciences Study No.: 010044 and Dow AgroSciences PTR No.: 30258020-5037-1. Final report issued 

May 23, 2003.

MRID 41106302

Rainey, D.P. 1989. 14C Isoxaben anaerobic soil metabolism study. Laboratory Project ID ABC-0224. 

Unpublished study performed and submitted by Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN. Final report 

issued May 4, 1989.

MRID 41106303

Saunders, D.G. and F.L. Powers. 1989. Soil adsorption and desorption of isoxaben and soil metabolite 

201469. Laboratory Project ID AAC8851. Unpublished study performed and submitted by Lilly Research 

Laboratories, Greenfield, IN. Final report issued March 21, 1989.

MRID 47140003

Cook, W.L., F.R. Batzer and J.L. Balcer. Photodegradation of isoxaben in aqueous buffer. Unpublished 

study performed, sponsored and submitted by DowEIanco, Indianapolis, Indiana. Study ID No.: ENV93 

144. Final report issued March 25, 1996.

MRID 47140004

Huhtanen, K. and L. Heim. 2003. Aerobic soil degradation of isoxaben. Unpublished study performed b 

ABC Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, Missouri; sponsored and submitted by Dow AgroSciences LLC, 

Indianapolis, Indiana. Lab Study ID.: 46879, Dow Study No. 010043. Final report issued May 12, 2003.

MRID 47428403

Saunders, D.G., and F.L. Powers. 1996. Isoxaben photodegradation on soil. Unpublished study 

performed, sponsored, and submitted by DowElanco, Indianapolis, Laboratory Study ID No.: ENV95011. 

Final report issued March 20, 1996.
50

MRID: 130273

Citation: Uniroyal Chemical (1983) Bee Adult Toxicity Dusting Test Summary. (Compilation; 

unpublished study received Jun 22, 1983 under 400-EX-62; CDL:250574-A) 

MRID: 132140

Citation: Elanco Products Co. (1982) The Toxicity of EL-107 (Compound 121607) in Short-term 

Exposure Studies with Representative Wildlife Species: ?Summary of Toxicity Data|. (Compilation; 

unpublished study received Jun 10, 1983 under 1471-EX-85; CDL:250793-F) 

MRID: 132141

Citation: Kehr, C.; Lake, S.; Brannon, D.; et al. (1983) The Toxicity of EL-107 (Compound 121607) to 

Bobwhite in a 14-day Acute Oral Study: Study A00682. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1983 under 

1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN; 

CDL:250793-G) 

MRID: 132142

Citation: Kehr, C.; Lake, S.; Bronnon, D.; et al. (1983) The Toxicity of EL- 107 (Compound 121607) to 

Bobwhite in a 5-day Dietary Study: Study A01082. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1983 under 

1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN; 

CDL:250793-H) 

MRID: 132143

Citation: Kehr, C.; Lake, S.; Brannon, D.; et al. (1983) The Toxicity of EL- 107 (Compound 121607) to 

Mallards in a 5-day Dietary Study: Study A00882. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1983 under 

1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN; 

CDL:250793-I) 

MRID: 132144

Citation: Francis, P.; Grothe, D.; Lake, S.; et al. (1983) The Acute Toxicity of EL-107 (Compound 

121607) to ... in a Static Test System: Study C02182. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1983 under 

1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN; 

CDL:250793-J) 

MRID: 132145

Citation: Grothe, D.; Francis, P.; Lake, S.; et al. (1983) The Acute Toxicity of EL-107 (Compound 

121607) to Bluegill ... in a Static Test System: Study F07382. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1983 

under 1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN; 

CDL:250793-K) 

MRID: 132146

Citation: Grothe, D.; Francis, P.; Lake, S.; et al. (1983) The Acute Toxicity of EL-107 (Compound 

121607) to Rainbow Trout ... in a Static Test System: Study F07482. (Unpublished study received Jun 

10, 1983 under 1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, 

IN; CDL:250793-L) 

MRID: 137844

Citation: Francis, P.; Grothe, D.; Lake, S.; et al. (1984) The Acute Toxicity of EL-107 (Compound 

121607) to the Japanese Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a Static Test System: Study F10383. (Unpublished 

study received Apr 5, 1984 under 1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Prod- ucts Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and 

Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL: 252915-A) 
51

MRID: 137845

Citation: Francis, P.; Grothe, D.; Lake, S.; et al. (1984) The Toxicity of EL-107 to Daphnia magna in a 

21-Day Static-renewal Life Cycle: Study CO3683. (Unpublished study received Apr 5, 1984 under 1471-

EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:252915-B) 

MRID: 137847

Citation: Meyerhoff, R.; Sauter, S.; Lake, S.; et al. (1983) The Toxicity of EL-107 in Water to Rainbow 

Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a 66- day Early Life-stage Study: Study F00383. (Unpublished study received 

Apr 5, 1984 under 1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., 

Indianapolis, IN; CDL: 252915-D) 

MRID: 137848

Citation: Sauter, S.; Meyerhoff, R.; Lake, S.; et al. (1983) The Toxicity of EL-107 in Water to Fathead 

Minnows (Pimephales promelas) in a 33-day Early Life-stage Study: Study F08183. (Unpublished study 

received Apr 5, 1984 under 1471-EX-85; submitted by Elanco Products Co., Div. of Eli Lilly and Co., 

Indianapolis, IN; CDL: 252915-E) 

MRID: 40531302

Citation: Surprenant, D.; Dionne, E. (1987) Acute Toxicity of Isoxaben to Embryo-larval Stages of the 

Quahog Clam (Mercenaria mercenaria): Study #1982.0787.6100.514. Unpublished study prepared by 

Springborn Life Sciences, Inc. 25 p. 

MRID: 40531303

Citation: Gries, C.; Grothe, D.; Mohr, R. (1987) Acute Toxicity of Isoxaben to the Grass Shrimp 

(Palaemonetes pugio) in a Static Test System: Proj. ID C01387. Unpublished study prepared by Lilly 

Research Laboratories. 33 p. 

MRID: 40531304

Citation: Gries, C.; Grothe, D.; Seacat, J. (1987) Acute Toxicity of Isoxaben to the Sheepshead minnow 

(Cyprinodon variegatus) in a Static Test System: Proj. ID. FO1587. Unpublished study prepared by Lilly 

Research Laboratories. 36 p. 

MRID: 47140011

Citation: Billington, R. (1996) Isoxaben (EL-107): Toxicology Summary. Project Number: RB103196. 

Unpublished study prepared by Dowelanco Ltd. 29 p.

MRID: 47428401

Citation: Hoberg, J. (2002) Isoxaben TGAI- Toxicity to Duckweed, Lemna gibba. Project Number: 

12550/6159, 011193. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories Inc. 62 p.

MRID: 47428404

Citation: Eley, R. (2004) Evaluation of the Phytotoxicity of Flexidor (Isoxaben, 500 SC) Seedling 

Emergence and Seedling Growth Test- Northern Europe, 2004. Project Number: ACE/04/077, 10000134, 

EA04T4A003. Unpublished study prepared by AgroChemex Ltd. 45 p.

MRID: 47428405

Citation: Rockliff, C. (2006) Evaluation of the Phytotoxicity of Flexidor (Isoxaben, 500g ai/l, SC) GLP 

Vegetative Vigour Test Terrestrial Non Target Plant Study. Project Number: STC/06/E309, 

GHE/P/11418, 10000134. Unpublished study prepared byStockbridge Technology Centre Ltd. 116 p.
52

APPENDIX A. Calculations for Irrigation Exposure

To estimate exposure to plants when ground water contaminated by isoxaben is applied to crops, 

the following method was used.

Assume a field is irrigated with one inch of water containing 14.5 μg/L isoxaben (concentration 

estimate from SCI-GROW).

This results in 6,272,640 cubic inches of water on each acre of the field (one acre = 6,272,640 

in2), or 1.0 × 105L/acre of water (6,272,640 in3÷ 61 in3/L = 1.0 × 105L). Therefore, 1.45 × 106

μg isoxaben are applied to each acre of the field (14.5 μg/L × 1.0 × 105L = 1.45 × 106μg), 

which is equivalent to an application rate of 3.2 × 10-3lbs isoxaben/acre (1.45 × 106μg = 3.2 × 

10-3lbs).
53

Appendix B. Chemical Names and Structures of isoxaben and degradation products detected in submitted environmental fate 

studies

Name(s) Structure Occurrence Fate Properties1

Dimethoxy benzamide

2,6-Dimethoxybenzamide

Aqueous photolysis (major)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (major)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism (major)

Soil Photolysis (minor)

VP = 1.6x10-5torr

Sol = 8.4x104 mg/L

Log KOW = -0.22

KOC = 4.9 – 10 mL/g

Hydroxy isoxaben 

Pseudonyms- AA-045

N-[3-(1-hydroxyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-

isoxazoyl]-2,6-dimethoxy-benzamide

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (major)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism (major)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (minor)

Terrestrial Field Dissipation

VP = 9.8x10-12 torr

Sol = 462 mg/L

Log KOW = 1.53

KOC = 17 – 31 mL/g

KOC = 21 – 73

(MRID 4110603)

Methoxyphenol pyrimidinol

6-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-2-(2-

hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-4-

pyrimidinol

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism (major)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (minor)

VP = 4x10-10 torr

Sol = 41.2 mg/L

Log KOW = 3.56

KOC = 4800 – 38,000 mL/g

AEM hexenoyl isoxaben

N-[3-amino-4-ethyl-4-methyl-2-

hexenoyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism (major)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (minor)

VP = 3.1x10-13 torr

Sol = 265 mg/L

Log KOW = 1.71

KOC = 21 - 102 mL/g
54

Name(s) Structure Occurrence Fate Properties1

Unk32

6-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)pyrimidine2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Aqueous Photolysis (major) VP = 5.6x10-8torr

Sol = 853 mg/L

Log KOW = 2.0

KOC = 80 – 113 mL/g

Unk3i2

4-ethyl-3-(hydroxyimino)-4-

methylhexanoic acid

Aqueous Photolysis (major) VP = 3.8x10-6torr

Sol = 698 mg/L

Log KOW = 2.8

KOC = 51 – 126 mL/g

Unk5a2

2-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-5-(1-ethyl-1-

methylpropyl)1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-

one

Aqueous Photolysis (major) VP = 2.0x10-10 torr

Sol = 29 mg/L

Log KOW = 2.85

KOC = 222 – 228 mL/g

Unk5b2

4,6-diethyl-4a,8-dimethoxy-4-methyl4a,8a-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-

b]isoquinoline-2,9(1H,4H)-dione

Aqueous Photolysis (major) VP = 1.3x10-10 torr

Sol = 2221 mg/L

Log KOW = 0.65

KOC = 12 – 331 mL/g

1. Fate properties for degradates estimated using EPISuite 4.0.

2. Names and structures presented in table were proposed by the study authors based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 

identification of structural and functional group changes.
55

Appendix C. LOCATES Listing of Federally Listed Species

Species Listing by State with Use Criteria

No species were excluded

Minimum of 1 Acre.

All Medium Types Reported

Mammal, Marine mml, Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Fish, Crustacean, Bivalve, 

Gastropod, Arachnid, Insect, Dicot, Monocot, Ferns, Conf/cycds, Coral, Lichen

almonds, hazelnuts (filberts), macadamia nuts, nuts - other, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, 

english, grapes

Alabama ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Salamander, Red Hills Threatened Amphibian No

(Phaeognathus hubrichti) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Combshell, Southern (=Penitent mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma penita) Freshwater

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mucket, Orangenacre Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis perovalis) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Acornshell Southern Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma othcaloogensis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Dark Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema furvum) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

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56

Alabama ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cuneolus) Freshwater

Mussel, Flat Pigtoe (=Marshall's Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema marshalli) Freshwater

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema taitianum) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cor) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Alabama Lamp Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis virescens) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula intermedia) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Endangered Bivalve No

(Toxolasma cylindrellus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Turgid-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma turgidula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Stirrupshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula stapes) Freshwater

Shrimp, Alabama Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Palaemonias alabamae) Freshwater

Amphianthus, Little Threatened Dicot No

(Amphianthus pusillus) Freshwater

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57

Alabama ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Threatened Dicot No

(Marshallia mohrii) Terrestrial

Bladderpod, Lyrate Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella lyrata) Terrestrial

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Leather-flower, Alabama Endangered Dicot No

(Clematis socialis) Terrestrial

Leather-flower, Morefield's Endangered Dicot No

(Clematis morefieldii) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Alabama Canebrake Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia rubra alabamensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Green Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia oreophila) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Fern, Alabama Streak-sorus Threatened Ferns No

(Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis) Terrestrial

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Cavefish, Alabama Endangered Fish Yes

(Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni) Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Darter, Boulder Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma wapiti) Freshwater

Darter, Goldline Threatened Fish No

(Percina aurolineata) Freshwater

Darter, Slackwater Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma boschungi) Freshwater

Darter, Snail Threatened Fish No

(Percina tanasi) Freshwater

Darter, Vermilion Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma chermocki) Freshwater

Darter, Watercress Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma nuchale) Freshwater

Madtom, Yellowfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Noturus flavipinnis) Freshwater

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58

Alabama ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sculpin, Pygmy Threatened Fish No

(Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus)) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Shiner, Cahaba Endangered Fish No

(Notropis cahabae) Freshwater

Shiner, Palezone Endangered Fish No

(Notropis albizonatus) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Alabama Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Campeloma, Slender Endangered Gastropod No

(Campeloma decampi) Freshwater

Elimia, Lacy Threatened Gastropod No

(Elimia crenatella) Freshwater

Pebblesnail, Flat Endangered Gastropod No

(Lepyrium showalteri) Freshwater

Riversnail, Anthony's Endangered Gastropod No

(Athearnia anthonyi) Freshwater

Rocksnail, Painted Threatened Gastropod No

(Leptoxis taeniata) Freshwater

Rocksnail, Plicate Endangered Gastropod No

(Leptoxis plicata) Freshwater

Rocksnail, Round Threatened Gastropod No

(Leptoxis ampla) Freshwater

Snail, Armored Endangered Gastropod No

(Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta) Freshwater

Snail, Lioplax Cylindrical Endangered Gastropod No

(Lioplax cyclostomaformis) Freshwater

Snail, Tulotoma Endangered Gastropod No

(Tulotoma magnifica) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Mouse, Alabama Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) Coastal (neritic)

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

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59

Alabama ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Water-plantain, Kral's Threatened Monocot No

(Sagittaria secundifolia) Freshwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied Endangered Reptile No

(Pseudemys alabamensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Flattened Musk Threatened Reptile No

(Sternotherus depressus) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Arizona ( 56) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Threatened Amphibian No

(Rana chiricahuensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, Sonora Tiger Endangered Amphibian No

(Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) Vernal pool, Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bobwhite, Masked Endangered Bird No

(Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) Terrestrial

Condor, California Endangered Bird Yes

(Gymnogyps californianus) Terrestrial

Eagle, Bald Threatened Bird No

(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Terrestrial

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No

(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Pygmy-owl, Cactus Ferruginous Endangered Bird No

(Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

Blue-star, Kearney's Endangered Dicot No

(Amsonia kearneyana) Terrestrial

Cactus, Arizona Hedgehog Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus) Terrestrial

Cactus, Brady Pincushion Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus bradyi) Terrestrial

Cactus, Cochise Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Coryphantha robbinsorum) Terrestrial

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Arizona ( 56) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Head Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Pima Pineapple Endangered Dicot No

(Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) Terrestrial

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) Terrestrial

Cliffrose, Arizona Endangered Dicot No

(Purshia (=cowania) subintegra) Terrestrial

Cycladenia, Jones Threatened Dicot No

(Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis)) Terrestrial

Fleabane, Zuni Threatened Dicot No

(Erigeron rhizomatus) Terrestrial

Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks Threatened Dicot Yes

(Senecio franciscanus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus holmgreniorum) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Sentry Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Welsh's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Asclepias welshii) Terrestrial

Umbel, Huachuca Water Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Catfish, Yaqui Threatened Fish Yes

(Ictalurus pricei) Freshwater

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Gila Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila intermedia) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Chub, Sonora Threatened Fish Yes

(Gila ditaenia) Freshwater

Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater

Chub, Yaqui Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila purpurea) Freshwater

Minnow, Loach Threatened Fish Yes

(Tiaroga cobitis) Freshwater

Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater

Shiner, Beautiful Threatened Fish Yes

(Cyprinella formosa) Freshwater

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61

Arizona ( 56) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spikedace Threatened Fish Yes

(Meda fulgida) Freshwater

Spinedace, Little Colorado Threatened Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda vittata) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Endangered Fish No

(Poeciliopsis occidentalis) Freshwater

Trout, Apache Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus apache) Freshwater

Trout, Gila Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus gilae) Freshwater

Woundfin Endangered Fish Yes

(Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater

Ambersnail, Kanab Endangered Gastropod No

(Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long-nosed Endangered Mammal No

(Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Jaguar Endangered Mammal No

(Panthera onca) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca) Terrestrial

Ocelot Endangered Mammal No

(Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis) Terrestrial

Pronghorn, Sonoran Endangered Mammal No

(Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) Terrestrial

Squirrel, Mount Graham Red Endangered Mammal Yes

(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis) Terrestrial

Vole, Hualapai Mexican Endangered Mammal No

(Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis) Terrestrial

Ladies'-tresses, Canelo Hills Endangered Monocot No

(Spiranthes delitescens) Terrestrial

Sedge, Navajo Threatened Monocot Yes

(Carex specuicola) Terrestrial

Rattlesnake, New Mexican Ridge-nosed Threatened Reptile Yes

(Crotalus willardi obscurus) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Arkansas ( 22) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Arkansas ( 22) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Fatmucket, Arkansas Threatened Bivalve No

(Lampsilis powelli) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater

Mussel, Speckled Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis streckeri) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Rock-pocketbook, Ouachita (=Wheeler's pm) Endangered Bivalve No

(Arkansia wheeleri) Freshwater

Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus aculabrum) Endangered Crustacean No

(Cambarus aculabrum) Freshwater

Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus zophonastes) Endangered Crustacean No

(Cambarus zophonastes) Freshwater

Bladderpod, Missouri Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella filiformis) Terrestrial

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Threatened Dicot No

(Geocarpon minimum) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Cavefish, Ozark Threatened Fish No

(Amblyopsis rosae) Freshwater

Darter, Leopard Threatened Fish Yes

(Percina pantherina) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Shagreen, Magazine Mountain Threatened Gastropod No

(Mesodon magazinensis) Terrestrial

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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Arkansas ( 22) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Ozark Big-eared Endangered Mammal No

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii ingens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, California Red-legged Threatened Amphibian Yes

(Rana aurora draytonii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Frog, Mountain Yellow-legged Endangered Amphibian No

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Salamander, California Tiger Endangered Amphibian No

(Ambystoma californiense) Terrestrial, Vernal pool

Salamander, Desert Slender Endangered Amphibian No

(Batrachoseps aridus) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, Santa Cruz Long-toed Endangered Amphibian No

(Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Toad, Arroyo Southwestern Endangered Amphibian Yes

(Bufo californicus (=microscaphus)) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Condor, California Endangered Bird Yes

(Gymnogyps californianus) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Gnatcatcher, Coastal California Threatened Bird Yes

(Polioptila californica californica) Terrestrial

Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes

(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Plover, Western Snowy Threatened Bird Yes

(Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Terrestrial

Rail, California Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris obsoletus) Terrestrial

Rail, Light-footed Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris levipes) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

Shrike, San Clemente Loggerhead Endangered Bird No

(Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) Terrestrial

Sparrow, San Clemente Sage Threatened Bird No

(Amphispiza belli clementeae) Terrestrial

Tern, California Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum browni) Terrestrial

Towhee, Inyo Brown Threatened Bird Yes

(Pipilo crissalis eremophilus) Terrestrial

Vireo, Least Bell's Endangered Bird Yes

(Vireo bellii pusillus) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Cypress, Gowen Threatened Conf/cycds No

(Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana) Terrestrial

Cypress, Santa Cruz Endangered Conf/cycds No

(Cupressus abramsiana) Terrestrial

Crayfish, Shasta Endangered Crustacean No

(Pacifastacus fortis) Freshwater

Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta conservatio) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta longiantenna) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Riverside Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Streptocephalus woottoni) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, San Diego Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta sandiegonensis) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Threatened Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta lynchi) Vernal pool

Shrimp, California Freshwater Endangered Crustacean No

(Syncaris pacifica) Freshwater

Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Pool Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Lepidurus packardi) Vernal pool

Adobe Sunburst, San Joaquin Threatened Dicot No

(Pseudobahia peirsonii) Terrestrial

Allocarya, Calistoga Endangered Dicot No

(Plagiobothrys strictus) Vernal pool

Ambrosia, San Diego Endangered Dicot No

(Ambrosia pumila) Terrestrial

Baccharis, Encinitas Threatened Dicot No

(Baccharis vanessae) Terrestrial

Barberry, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis) Terrestrial

Barberry, Nevin's Endangered Dicot No

(Berberis nevinii) Terrestrial

Bedstraw, El Dorado Endangered Dicot No

(Galium californicum ssp. sierrae) Terrestrial

Bedstraw, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Galium buxifolium) Terrestrial

Bird's-beak, Palmate-bracted Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus palmatus) Terrestrial

Bird's-beak, Pennell's Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris) Terrestrial

Bird's-beak, salt marsh Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) Saltwater

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bird's-beak, Soft Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis) Brackish, Saltwater

Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina) Terrestrial

Bluecurls, Hidden Lake Threatened Dicot No

(Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum) Terrestrial

Broom, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Ione (incl. Irish Hill) Endangered Dicot No

(Eriogonum apricum (incl. var. prostratum)) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Southern Mountain Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum) Terrestrial

Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothamnus clementinus) Terrestrial

Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus) Terrestrial

Butterweed, Layne's Threatened Dicot No

(Senecio layneae) Terrestrial

Button-celery, San Diego Endangered Dicot No

(Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Bakersfield Endangered Dicot No

(Opuntia treleasei) Terrestrial

Ceanothus, Coyote Endangered Dicot No

(Ceanothus ferrisae) Terrestrial

Ceanothus, Pine Hill Endangered Dicot No

(Ceanothus roderickii) Terrestrial

Ceanothus, Vail Lake Threatened Dicot No

(Ceanothus ophiochilus) Terrestrial

Centaury, Spring-loving Threatened Dicot Yes

(Centaurium namophilum) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Keck's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sidalcea keckii) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Kenwood Marsh Endangered Dicot No

(Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Pedate Endangered Dicot No

(Sidalcea pedata) Terrestrial

Clarkia, Pismo Endangered Dicot No

(Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata) Terrestrial

Clarkia, Presidio Endangered Dicot No

(Clarkia franciscana) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Clarkia, Springville Threatened Dicot No

(Clarkia springvillensis) Terrestrial

Clarkia, Vine Hill Endangered Dicot No

(Clarkia imbricata) Terrestrial

Clover, Fleshy Owl's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta) Vernal pool

Clover, Monterey Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium trichocalyx) Terrestrial

Clover, Showy Indian Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium amoenum) Terrestrial

Coyote-thistle, Loch Lomond Endangered Dicot No

(Eryngium constancei) Terrestrial

Crownbeard, Big-leaved Threatened Dicot No

(Verbesina dissita) Terrestrial

Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Atriplex coronata var. notatior) Terrestrial

Daisy, Parish's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Erigeron parishii) Freshwater

Dudleya, Conejo Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Marcescent Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Dudleya setchellii) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya nesiotica) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Monica Mountains Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Verity's Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya verityi) Terrestrial

Dwarf-flax, Marin Threatened Dicot No

(Hesperolinon congestum) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes Endangered Dicot Yes

(Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, San Benito Threatened Dicot No

(Camissonia benitensis) Terrestrial

Fiddleneck, Large-flowered Endangered Dicot Yes

(Amsinckia grandiflora) Terrestrial

Flannelbush, Mexican Endangered Dicot No

(Fremontodendron mexicanum) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Flannelbush, Pine Hill Endangered Dicot No

(Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens) Terrestrial

Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Thysanocarpus conchuliferus) Terrestrial

Gilia, Hoffmann's Slender-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) Terrestrial

Gilia, Monterey Endangered Dicot No

(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria) Terrestrial

Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's Endangered Dicot No

(Pseudobahia bahiifolia) Terrestrial

Goldfields, Burke's Endangered Dicot No

(Lasthenia burkei) Terrestrial

Goldfields, Contra Costa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lasthenia conjugens) Terrestrial

Grass, Hairy Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia pilosa) Vernal pool

Grass, Sacramento Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia viscida) Vernal pool

Grass, Slender Orcutt Threatened Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia tenuis) Vernal pool

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) Terrestrial

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Ivesia kingii var. eremica) Terrestrial

Jewelflower, California Endangered Dicot No

(Caulanthus californicus) Terrestrial

Jewelflower, Tiburon Endangered Dicot No

(Streptanthus niger) Terrestrial

Larkspur, Baker's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delphinium bakeri) Terrestrial

Larkspur, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense) Terrestrial

Larkspur, Yellow Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delphinium luteum) Terrestrial

Layia, Beach Endangered Dicot No

(Layia carnosa) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Lessingia, San Francisco Endangered Dicot No

(Lessingia germanorum (=L.g. var. germanorum)) Terrestrial

Liveforever, Laguna Beach Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya stolonifera) Terrestrial

Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island Endangered Dicot No

(Dudleya traskiae) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lupine, Clover Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus tidestromii) Coastal (neritic)

Lupine, Nipomo Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus nipomensis) Coastal (neritic)

Malacothrix, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothrix squalida) Terrestrial

Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothrix indecora) Terrestrial

Mallow, Kern Endangered Dicot No

(Eremalche kernensis) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Del Mar Endangered Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Ione Threatened Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos myrtifolia) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Morro Threatened Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos morroensis) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Pallid Threatened Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos pallida) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island Endangered Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos confertiflora) Terrestrial

Meadowfoam, Butte County Endangered Dicot Yes

(Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica) Vernal pool

Meadowfoam, Sebastopol Endangered Dicot No

(Limnanthes vinculans) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Braunton's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus brauntonii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Clara Hunt's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus clarianus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Coachella Valley Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Coastal Dunes Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus tener var. titi) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus albens) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Fish Slough Threatened Dicot No

(Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Lane Mountain Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus jaegerianus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Pierson's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Triple-ribbed Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus tricarinatus) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Milk-vetch, Ventura Marsh Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Mint, Otay Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Pogogyne nudiuscula) Terrestrial

Mint, San Diego Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Pogogyne abramsii) Terrestrial

Monardella, Willowy Endangered Dicot No

(Monardella linoides ssp. viminea) Terrestrial

Morning-glory, Stebbins Endangered Dicot No

(Calystegia stebbinsii) Terrestrial

Mountainbalm, Indian Knob Endangered Dicot No

(Eriodictyon altissimum) Terrestrial

Mountain-mahogany, Catalina Island Endangered Dicot No

(Cercocarpus traskiae) Terrestrial

Mustard, Slender-petaled Endangered Dicot No

(Thelypodium stenopetalum) Terrestrial

Navarretia, Few-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciflora (=N. pauciflora)) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Navarretia, Many-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha) Terrestrial, Vernal pool

Navarretia, Spreading Threatened Dicot No

(Navarretia fossalis) Vernal pool

Niterwort, Amargosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nitrophila mohavensis) Terrestrial

Oxytheca, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Ash-grey Indian Threatened Dicot No

(Castilleja cinerea) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja grisea) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Soft-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja mollis) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Tiburon Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta) Terrestrial

Penny-cress, Kneeland Prairie Endangered Dicot Yes

(Thlaspi californicum) Terrestrial

Pentachaeta, Lyon's Endangered Dicot No

(Pentachaeta lyonii) Terrestrial

Pentachaeta, White-rayed Endangered Dicot No

(Pentachaeta bellidiflora) Terrestrial

Phacelia, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Phlox, Yreka Endangered Dicot No

(Phlox hirsuta) Terrestrial

Polygonum, Scott's Valley Endangered Dicot Yes

(Polygonum hickmanii) Terrestrial

Potentilla, Hickman's Endangered Dicot No

(Potentilla hickmanii) Terrestrial

Pussypaws, Mariposa Threatened Dicot No

(Calyptridium pulchellum) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Hoffmann's Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis hoffmannii) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, McDonald's Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis mcdonaldiana) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Sibara filifolia) Terrestrial

Rush-rose, Island Threatened Dicot No

(Helianthemum greenei) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Bear Valley Threatened Dicot No

(Arenaria ursina) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Marsh Endangered Dicot No

(Arenaria paludicola) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Sea-blite, California Endangered Dicot No

(Suaeda californica) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Ben Lomond Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Howell's Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe howellii) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Monterey Threatened Dicot Yes

(Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Orcutt's Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe orcuttiana) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Robust Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Scotts Valley Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Slender-horned Endangered Dicot No

(Dodecahema leptoceras) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Sonoma Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe valida) Terrestrial

Spurge, Hoover's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce hooveri) Vernal pool

Stickyseed, Baker's Endangered Dicot No

(Blennosperma bakeri) Vernal pool

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Stonecrop, Lake County Endangered Dicot No

(Parvisedum leiocarpum) Vernal pool

Sunflower, San Mateo Woolly Endangered Dicot No

(Eriophyllum latilobum) Terrestrial

Taraxacum, California Endangered Dicot No

(Taraxacum californicum) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Gaviota Endangered Dicot Yes

(Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Otay Threatened Dicot Yes

(Deinandra (=Hemizonia) conjugens) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Santa Cruz Threatened Dicot Yes

(Holocarpha macradenia) Terrestrial

Thistle, Chorro creek Bog Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Thistle, Fountain Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale) Terrestrial

Thistle, La Graciosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cirsium loncholepis) Coastal (neritic), Freshwater, 

Thistle, Suisun Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum) Brackish, Terrestrial

Thornmint, San Diego Threatened Dicot No

(Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Terrestrial

Thornmint, San Mateo Endangered Dicot No

(Acanthomintha obovata ssp. duttonii) Terrestrial

Tuctoria, Green's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tuctoria greenei) Vernal pool

Vervain, California Threatened Dicot No

(Verbena californica) Terrestrial

Wallflower, Ben Lomond Endangered Dicot No

(Erysimum teretifolium) Terrestrial

Wallflower, Contra Costa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Erysimum capitatum var. angustatum) Terrestrial

Wallflower, Menzie's Endangered Dicot No

(Erysimum menziesii) Terrestrial

Watercress, Gambel's Endangered Dicot No

(Rorippa gambellii) Terrestrial, Brackish, Freshwater

Woodland-star, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Lithophragma maximum) Terrestrial

Woolly-star, Santa Ana River Endangered Dicot No

(Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum) Terrestrial

Woolly-threads, San Joaquin Endangered Dicot No

(Monolopia (=Lembertia) congdonii) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Yerba Santa, Lompoc Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriodictyon capitatum) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Hutton Tui Threatened Fish No

(Gila bicolor ssp.) Freshwater

Chub, Mohave Tui Endangered Fish No

(Gila bicolor mohavensis) Freshwater

Chub, Owens Tui Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila bicolor snyderi) Freshwater

Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled Endangered Fish Yes

(Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) Freshwater

Goby, Tidewater Endangered Fish Yes

(Eucyclogobius newberryi) Freshwater

Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater

Pupfish, Owens Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon radiosus) Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (California Coastal Run) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Spring Run) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Sacramento River Winter Run) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish

Salmon, Coho (Central California Coast population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Salmon, Coho (Southern OR/Northern CA Coast) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Smelt, Delta Threatened Fish Yes

(Hypomesus transpacificus) Freshwater, Brackish

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Steelhead, (California Central Valley population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Central California Coast population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Northern California population) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Steelhead, (South-Central California population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

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73

California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Steelhead, (Southern California population) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine Endangered Fish No

(Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni) Freshwater

Sturgeon, green Threatened Fish No

(Acipenser medirostris)

Sucker, Lost River Endangered Fish No

(Deltistes luxatus) Freshwater

Sucker, Modoc Endangered Fish Yes

(Catostomus microps) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Sucker, Santa Ana Threatened Fish Yes

(Catostomus santaanae) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Trout, Little Kern Golden Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei) Freshwater

Trout, Paiute Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) Freshwater

Abalone, White Endangered Gastropod No

(Haliotis sorenseni) Saltwater

Snail, Morro Shoulderband Endangered Gastropod Yes

(Helminthoglypta walkeriana) Terrestrial

Beetle, Delta Green Ground Threatened Insect Yes

(Elaphrus viridis) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Beetle, Mount Hermon June Endangered Insect No

(Polyphylla barbata) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Beetle, Ohlone Tiger Endangered Insect No

(Cicindela ohlone) Terrestrial

Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Threatened Insect Yes

(Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot (Wright's euphydryas) Threatened Insect Yes

(Euphydryas editha bayensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot Endangered Insect No

(Speyeria zerene behrensii) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Callippe Silverspot Endangered Insect No

(Speyeria callippe callippe) Terrestrial

Butterfly, El Segundo Blue Endangered Insect No

(Euphilotes battoides allyni) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Lange's Metalmark Endangered Insect No

(Apodemia mormo langei) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, Lotis Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Mission Blue Endangered Insect No

(Icaricia icarioides missionensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Myrtle's Silverspot Endangered Insect No

(Speyeria zerene myrtleae) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Oregon Silverspot Threatened Insect Yes

(Speyeria zerene hippolyta) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue Endangered Insect Yes

(Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Quino Checkerspot Endangered Insect Yes

(Euphydryas editha quino (=E. e. wrighti)) Terrestrial

Butterfly, San Bruno Elfin Endangered Insect No

(Callophrys mossii bayensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Smith's Blue Endangered Insect No

(Euphilotes enoptes smithi) Terrestrial

Fly, Delhi Sands Flower-loving Endangered Insect No

(Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis) Terrestrial

Grasshopper, Zayante Band-winged Endangered Insect Yes

(Trimerotropis infantilis) Terrestrial

Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx Threatened Insect No

(Euproserpinus euterpe) Terrestrial

Skipper, Carson Wandering Endangered Insect No

(Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus) Terrestrial

Skipper, Laguna Mountain Endangered Insect No

(Pyrgus ruralis lagunae) Terrestrial

Fox, San Joaquin Kit Endangered Mammal No

(Vulpes macrotis mutica) Terrestrial

Fox, San Miguel Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis littoralis) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Catalina Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis catalinae) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis santacruzae) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Rosa Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis santarosae) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Fresno Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys nitratoides exilis) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Giant Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys ingens) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Morro Bay Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys heermanni morroensis) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino Merriam's Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys merriami parvus) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Stephens' Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus)) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Tipton Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides) Terrestrial

Mountain Beaver, Point Arena Endangered Mammal No

(Aplodontia rufa nigra) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Mouse, Pacific Pocket Endangered Mammal No

(Perognathus longimembris pacificus) Terrestrial

Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Endangered Mammal No

(Reithrodontomys raviventris) Terrestrial

Rabbit, Riparian Brush Endangered Mammal No

(Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) Terrestrial

Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn Endangered Mammal Yes

(Ovis canadensis) Terrestrial

Sheep, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Endangered Mammal No

(Ovis canadensis californiana) Terrestrial

Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Ornate Endangered Mammal Yes

(Sorex ornatus relictus) Terrestrial

Vole, Amargosa Endangered Mammal Yes

(Microtus californicus scirpensis) Terrestrial

Woodrat, Riparian Endangered Mammal No

(Neotoma fuscipes riparia) Terrestrial

Otter, Southern Sea Threatened Marine mml No

(Enhydra lutris nereis) Saltwater

Seal, Guadalupe Fur Threatened Marine mml No

(Arctocephalus townsendi) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Alopecurus, Sonoma Endangered Monocot No

(Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis) Terrestrial

Amole, Cammatta Canyon Threatened Monocot Yes

(Chlorogalum purpureum var. reductum) Terrestrial

Amole, Purple Threatened Monocot Yes

(Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum) Terrestrial

Bluegrass, Napa Endangered Monocot No

(Poa napensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Bluegrass, San Bernardino Endangered Monocot No

(Poa atropurpurea) Terrestrial

Brodiaea, Chinese Camp Threatened Monocot No

(Brodiaea pallida) Terrestrial

Brodiaea, Thread-leaved Threatened Monocot Yes

(Brodiaea filifolia) Terrestrial

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California ( 290) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Grass, California Orcutt Endangered Monocot No

(Orcuttia californica) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Grass, Colusa Threatened Monocot No

(Neostapfia colusana) Vernal pool

Grass, Eureka Dune Endangered Monocot No

(Swallenia alexandrae) Terrestrial

Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt Threatened Monocot Yes

(Orcuttia inaequalis) Vernal pool

Grass, Solano Endangered Monocot Yes

(Tuctoria mucronata) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Lily, Pitkin Marsh Endangered Monocot No

(Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense) Freshwater

Lily, Western Endangered Monocot No

(Lilium occidentale) Terrestrial

Onion, Munz's Endangered Monocot No

(Allium munzii) Terrestrial

Piperia, Yadon's Endangered Monocot No

(Piperia yadonii) Terrestrial

Sedge, White Endangered Monocot No

(Carex albida) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard Endangered Reptile No

(Gambelia silus) Terrestrial

Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Threatened Reptile Yes

(Uma inornata) Terrestrial

Lizard, Island Night Threatened Reptile No

(Xantusia riversiana) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, olive ridley Threatened Reptile No

(Lepidochelys olivacea) Saltwater

Snake, Giant Garter Threatened Reptile No

(Thamnophis gigas) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Snake, San Francisco Garter Endangered Reptile No

(Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Whipsnake (=Striped Racer), Alameda Threatened Reptile Yes

(Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus) Terrestrial

Colorado ( 16) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Cactus, Knowlton Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus knowltonii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Mesa Verde Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Terrestrial

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77

Colorado ( 16) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Mancos Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus humillimus) Terrestrial

Wild-buckwheat, Clay-loving Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum pelinophilum) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Greenback Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki stomias) Freshwater

Skipper, Pawnee Montane Threatened Insect No

(Hesperia leonardus montana) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping Threatened Mammal Yes

(Zapus hudsonius preblei) Terrestrial

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Connecticut ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Threatened Insect No

(Cicindela puritana) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

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Connecticut ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Delaware ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Florida ( 92) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Caracara, Audubon's Crested Threatened Bird No

(Polyborus plancus audubonii) Terrestrial

Kite, Everglade Snail Endangered Bird Yes

(Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Scrub-Jay, Florida Threatened Bird No

(Aphelocoma coerulescens) Terrestrial

Sparrow, Cape Sable Seaside Endangered Bird Yes

(Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) Terrestrial

Sparrow, Florida Grasshopper Endangered Bird No

(Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Bankclimber, Purple Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptoideus sloatianus) Freshwater

Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus penicillatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ochlockonee Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus simpsonianus) Freshwater

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema pyriforme) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Slabshell, Chipola Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptio chipolaensis) Freshwater

Threeridge, Fat (Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Amblema neislerii) Freshwater

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Florida ( 92) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Torreya, Florida Endangered Conf/cycds No

(Torreya taxifolia) Terrestrial

Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave Threatened Crustacean No

(Palaemonetes cummingi) Freshwater, Subterraneous

Aster, Florida Golden Endangered Dicot No

(Chrysopsis floridana) Terrestrial

Bellflower, Brooksville Endangered Dicot No

(Campanula robinsiae) Terrestrial

Birds-in-a-nest, White Threatened Dicot No

(Macbridea alba) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Liatris ohlingerae) Terrestrial

Bonamia, Florida Threatened Dicot No

(Bonamia grandiflora) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Scrub Threatened Dicot No

(Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) Terrestrial

Butterwort, Godfrey's Threatened Dicot No

(Pinguicula ionantha) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Campion, Fringed Endangered Dicot No

(Silene polypetala) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Fringe Tree, Pygmy Endangered Dicot No

(Chionanthus pygmaeus) Terrestrial

Gooseberry, Miccosukee Threatened Dicot No

(Ribes echinellum) Terrestrial

Gourd, Okeechobee Endangered Dicot No

(Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis) Terrestrial

Harebells, Avon Park Endangered Dicot No

(Crotalaria avonensis) Terrestrial

Hypericum, Highlands Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Hypericum cumulicola) Terrestrial

Jacquemontia, Beach Endangered Dicot No

(Jacquemontia reclinata) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Lead-plant, Crenulate Endangered Dicot No

(Amorpha crenulata) Terrestrial

Lupine, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus aridorum) Terrestrial

Meadowrue, Cooley's Endangered Dicot No

(Thalictrum cooleyi) Terrestrial

Milkpea, Small's Endangered Dicot No

(Galactia smallii) Terrestrial

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Florida ( 92) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mint, Garrett's Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra christmanii) Terrestrial

Mint, Lakela's Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra immaculata) Terrestrial

Mint, Longspurred Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra cornutissima) Terrestrial

Mint, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra frutescens) Terrestrial

Mustard, Carter's Endangered Dicot No

(Warea carteri) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Beautiful Endangered Dicot No

(Deeringothamnus pulchellus) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Four-petal Endangered Dicot No

(Asimina tetramera) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Rugel's Endangered Dicot No

(Deeringothamnus rugelii) Terrestrial

Pinkroot, Gentian Endangered Dicot No

(Spigelia gentianoides) Terrestrial

Plum, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Prunus geniculata) Terrestrial

Polygala, Lewton's Endangered Dicot No

(Polygala lewtonii) Terrestrial

Polygala, Tiny Endangered Dicot No

(Polygala smallii) Terrestrial

Rhododendron, Chapman Endangered Dicot No

(Rhododendron chapmanii) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Apalachicola Endangered Dicot No

(Conradina glabra) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Etonia Endangered Dicot No

(Conradina etonia) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Short-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Conradina brevifolia) Terrestrial

Sandlace Endangered Dicot No

(Polygonella myriophylla) Terrestrial

Skullcap, Florida Threatened Dicot No

(Scutellaria floridana) Terrestrial

Snakeroot Endangered Dicot No

(Eryngium cuneifolium) Terrestrial

Spurge, Deltoid Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea) Terrestrial

Spurge, Garber's Threatened Dicot No

(Chamaesyce garberi) Terrestrial

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Florida ( 92) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spurge, Telephus Threatened Dicot No

(Euphorbia telephioides) Terrestrial

Warea, Wide-leaf Endangered Dicot No

(Warea amplexifolia) Terrestrial

Water-willow, Cooley's Endangered Dicot No

(Justicia cooleyi) Terrestrial

Whitlow-wort, Papery Threatened Dicot No

(Paronychia chartacea) Terrestrial

Wings, Pigeon Threatened Dicot No

(Clitoria fragrans) Terrestrial

Wireweed Endangered Dicot No

(Polygonella basiramia) Terrestrial

Ziziphus, Florida Endangered Dicot No

(Ziziphus celata) Terrestrial

Darter, Okaloosa Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma okaloosae) Freshwater

Sawfish, Smalltooth Endangered Fish No

(Pristis pectinata) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Butterfly, Schaus Swallowtail Endangered Insect No

(Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus) Terrestrial

Cladonia, Florida Perforate Endangered Lichen No

(Cladonia perforata) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Mouse, Choctawhatchee Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus allophrys) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Southeastern Beach Threatened Mammal No

(Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Panther, Florida Endangered Mammal No

(Puma (=Felis) concolor coryi) Terrestrial

Vole, Florida Salt Marsh Endangered Mammal No

(Microtus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli) Terrestrial, Brackish

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

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Florida ( 92) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Beargrass, Britton's Endangered Monocot No

(Nolina brittoniana) Terrestrial

Beauty, Harper's Endangered Monocot No

(Harperocallis flava) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Seagrass, Johnson's Threatened Monocot Yes

(Halophila johnsonii) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Crocodile, American Threatened Reptile Yes

(Crocodylus acutus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Skink, Blue-tailed Mole Threatened Reptile No

(Eumeces egregius lividus) Terrestrial

Skink, Sand Threatened Reptile No

(Neoseps reynoldsi) Terrestrial

Snake, Atlantic Salt Marsh Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia clarkii taeniata) Saltwater, Terrestrial, Brackish

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Georgia ( 56) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica kirtlandii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Bankclimber, Purple Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptoideus sloatianus) Freshwater

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

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Georgia ( 56) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Acornshell Southern Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma othcaloogensis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus penicillatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema pyriforme) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

Threeridge, Fat (Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Amblema neislerii) Freshwater

Torreya, Florida Endangered Conf/cycds No

(Torreya taxifolia) Terrestrial

Amphianthus, Little Threatened Dicot No

(Amphianthus pusillus) Freshwater

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Threatened Dicot No

(Marshallia mohrii) Terrestrial

Campion, Fringed Endangered Dicot No

(Silene polypetala) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Pitcher-plant, Green Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia oreophila) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

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84

Georgia ( 56) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rattleweed, Hairy Endangered Dicot No

(Baptisia arachnifera) Terrestrial

Skullcap, Large-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Scutellaria montana) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Sumac, Michaux's Endangered Dicot No

(Rhus michauxii) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Black-spored Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes melanospora) Vernal pool

Quillwort, Mat-forming Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes tegetiformans) Vernal pool

Darter, Amber Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina antesella) Freshwater

Darter, Cherokee Threatened Fish No

(Etheostoma scotti) Freshwater

Darter, Etowah Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma etowahae) Freshwater

Darter, Goldline Threatened Fish No

(Percina aurolineata) Freshwater

Logperch, Conasauga Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina jenkinsi) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Endangered Mammal Yes

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

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85

Georgia ( 56) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Trillium, Persistent Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium persistens) Terrestrial

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Water-plantain, Kral's Threatened Monocot No

(Sagittaria secundifolia) Freshwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Adelocosa anops) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

'Akepa, Hawaii Endangered Bird No

(Loxops coccineus coccineus) Terrestrial

'Akepa, Maui Endangered Bird No

(Loxops coccineus ochraceus) Terrestrial

'Akia Loa, Kauai (Hemignathus procerus) Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus procerus) Terrestrial

'Akia Pola'au (Hemignathus munroi) Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus munroi) Terrestrial

Albatross, Short-tailed Endangered Bird No

(Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus) Terrestrial, Saltwater

Coot, Hawaiian (=Alae keo keo) Endangered Bird No

(Fulica americana alai) Terrestrial

Creeper, Hawaii Endangered Bird No

(Oreomystis mana) Terrestrial

Creeper, Molokai (Kakawahie) Endangered Bird No

(Paroreomyza flammea) Terrestrial

Creeper, Oahu (Alauwahio) Endangered Bird No

(Paroreomyza maculata) Terrestrial

Crow, Hawaiian ('Alala) Endangered Bird No

(Corvus hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Duck, Hawaiian (Koloa) Endangered Bird No

(Anas wyvilliana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Duck, Laysan Endangered Bird No

(Anas laysanensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Elepaio, Oahu Endangered Bird Yes

(Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) Terrestrial

Finch, Laysan Endangered Bird No

(Telespyza cantans) Terrestrial

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86

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Finch, Nihoa Endangered Bird No

(Telespyza ultima) Terrestrial

Goose, Hawaiian (Nene) Endangered Bird No

(Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Hawk, Hawaiian (Io) Endangered Bird No

(Buteo solitarius) Terrestrial

Honeycreeper, Crested ('Akohekohe) Endangered Bird No

(Palmeria dolei) Terrestrial

Kauai creeper Endangered Bird No

(Oreomystis bairdi) Terrestrial

Millerbird, Nihoa Endangered Bird No

(Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) Terrestrial

Moorhen, Hawaiian Common Endangered Bird No

(Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) Terrestrial

Nuku Pu'u Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus lucidus) Terrestrial

'O'o, Kauai (='A'a) Endangered Bird No

(Moho braccatus) Terrestrial

'O'u (Honeycreeper) Endangered Bird No

(Psittirostra psittacea) Terrestrial

Palila Endangered Bird Yes

(Loxioides bailleui) Terrestrial

Parrotbill, Maui Endangered Bird No

(Pseudonestor xanthophrys) Terrestrial

Petrel, Hawaiian Dark-rumped Endangered Bird No

(Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis) Terrestrial

Po'ouli Endangered Bird No

(Melamprosops phaeosoma) Terrestrial

Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's Threatened Bird No

(Puffinus auricularis newelli) Terrestrial, Saltwater

Stilt, Hawaiian (=Ae'o) Endangered Bird No

(Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) Terrestrial

Thrush, Large Kauai Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes myadestinus) Terrestrial

Thrush, Molokai (Oloma'o) Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes lanaiensis rutha) Terrestrial

Thrush, Small Kauai (Puaiohi) Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes palmeri) Terrestrial

Amphipod, Kauai Cave Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Spelaeorchestia koloana) Freshwater, Subterraneous

(ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Keysseria erici) Terrestrial

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87

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

(ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Stenogyne kealiae) Terrestrial

(ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Keysseria helenae) Terrestrial

(ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Schiedea attenuata) Terrestrial

Abutilon eremitopetalum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Abutilon eremitopetalum) Terrestrial

Abutilon sandwicense (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Abutilon sandwicense) Terrestrial

Achyranthes mutica (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Achyranthes mutica) Terrestrial

Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) Terrestrial

A'e (Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) Terrestrial

A'e (Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) Terrestrial

'Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nothocestrum breviflorum) Terrestrial

'Aiea (Nothocestrum peltatum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nothocestrum peltatum) Terrestrial

Akoko Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis) Terrestrial

'akoko Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce eleanoriae) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce deppeana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce herbstii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce herbstii) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce rockii) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. skottsbe Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Euphorbia haeleeleana) Terrestrial

alani Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope puberula) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

alani Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope degeneri) Terrestrial

alani Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope paniculata) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope adscendens) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope adscendens) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope balloui) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope balloui) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope haupuensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope haupuensis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope knudsenii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope knudsenii) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope lydgatei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope lydgatei) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope mucronulata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope mucronulata) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope munroi) Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope munroi) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope ovalis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope ovalis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope pallida) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope pallida) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope quadrangularis) Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope quadrangularis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope reflexa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope reflexa) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope saint-johnii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope saint-johnii) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope zahlbruckneri) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope zahlbruckneri) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron obovatum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron obovatum) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron trinerve (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron trinerve) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron viscosum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron viscosum) Terrestrial

Amaranthus brownii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Amaranthus brownii) Terrestrial

'Anaunau (Lepidium arbuscula) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lepidium arbuscula) Terrestrial

'Anunu (Sicyos alba) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sicyos alba) Terrestrial

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89

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion hosakae) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion laurifolium) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion longifolium) Terrestrial

awikiwiki Endangered Dicot No

(Canavalia napaliensis) Terrestrial

'Awikiwiki (Canavalia molokaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Canavalia molokaiensis) Terrestrial

'Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Centaurium sebaeoides) Terrestrial

'Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis cookiana) Terrestrial

Bonamia menziesii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bonamia menziesii) Terrestrial

Chamaesyce Halemanui (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce halemanui) Terrestrial

Cyanea undulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea undulata) Terrestrial

Delissea rhytodisperma (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea rhytidosperma) Terrestrial

Dubautia latifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia latifolia) Terrestrial

Dubautia pauciflorula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia pauciflorula) Terrestrial

Geranium, Hawaiian Red-flowered Endangered Dicot Yes

(Geranium arboreum) Terrestrial

Gouania hillebrandii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania hillebrandii) Terrestrial

Gouania meyenii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania meyenii) Terrestrial

Gouania vitifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania vitifolia) Terrestrial

haha Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea eleeleensis) Terrestrial

Haha Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea kuhihewa) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea acuminata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea acuminata) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea asarifolia) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea Crispa) (=Rollandia crispa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea (=Rollandia) crispa) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea dunbarii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea dunbarii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea glabra) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea glabra) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea hamatiflora carlsonii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea humboldtiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea humboldtiana) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea koolauensis) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea longiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea longiflora) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea Macrostegia var. gibsonii) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea mannii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea mceldowneyi) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea pinnatifida) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea platyphylla) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea procera) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea procera) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea recta) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Cyanea recta) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea remyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea remyi) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea shipmannii) Terrestrial

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91

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea stictophylla) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea St-Johnii) (=Rollandia St-Johnii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea st-johnii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea superba) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea superba) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra crenata) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyrtandra crenata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra dentata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra dentata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra giffardii) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra limahuliensis) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra limahuliensis) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra munroi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra munroi) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra polyantha) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra subumbellata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra subumbellata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra viridiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra viridiflora) Terrestrial

Haplostachys Haplostachya (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Haplostachys haplostachya) Terrestrial

Hau Kauhiwi (Hibiscadelphus woodi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscadelphus woodii) Terrestrial

Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus distans) Endangered Dicot No

(Hibiscadelphus distans) Terrestrial

Heau (Exocarpos luteolus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Exocarpos luteolus) Terrestrial

Hedyotis degeneri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis degeneri) Terrestrial

Hedyotis parvula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis parvula) Terrestrial

Hedyotis St.-Johnii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis st.-johnii) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia arborescens (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia arborescens) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia arbuscula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia arbuscula) Terrestrial

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92

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Hesperomannia lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Hibiscus, Clay's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus clayi) Terrestrial

Hiiwale Endangered Dicot No

(Cyrtandra oenobarba) Terrestrial

ho'awa Endangered Dicot No

(Pittosporum napaliense) Terrestrial

Holei (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Terrestrial

Iliau (Wilkesia hobdyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Wilkesia hobdyi) Terrestrial

kamakahala Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia helleri) Terrestrial

kamakahala Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia pumila) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia cyrtandrae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia cyrtandrae) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia lydgatei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaen) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia triflora) Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia triflora) Terrestrial

Kanaloa kahoolawensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kanaloa kahoolawensis) Terrestrial

Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Colubrina oppositifolia) Terrestrial

Kaulu (Pteralyxia kauaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Pteralyxia kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Kio'Ele (Hedyotis coriacea) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis coriacea) Terrestrial

Kiponapona (Phyllostegia racemosa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia racemosa) Terrestrial

Koki'o (Kokia drynarioides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kokia drynarioides) Terrestrial

Koki'o (Kokia kauaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kokia kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) Terrestrial

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93

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) Terrestrial

kolea Endangered Dicot No

(Myrsine mezii) Terrestrial

Kolea (Myrsine juddii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Myrsine juddii) Terrestrial

Kolea (Myrsine linearifolia) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Myrsine linearifolia) Terrestrial

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) Terrestrial

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens wiebkei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bidens wiebkei) Terrestrial

Ko'oloa'ula (Abutilon menziesii) Endangered Dicot No

(Abutilon menziesii) Terrestrial

Kopa (Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) Endangered Dicot No

(Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) Terrestrial

kopiko Endangered Dicot No

(Psychotria hobdyi) Terrestrial

kopiko Endangered Dicot No

(Psychotria grandiflora) Terrestrial

Kuawawaenohu (Alsinidendron lychnoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron lychnoides) Terrestrial

Kulu'I (Nototrichium humile) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nototrichium humile) Terrestrial

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago hawaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Plantago hawaiensis) Terrestrial

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago princeps) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Plantago princeps) Terrestrial

Laulihilihi (Schiedea stellarioides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea stellarioides) Terrestrial

lehua makanoe Endangered Dicot No

(Lysimachia daphnoides) Terrestrial

Lipochaeta venosa (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Lipochaeta venosa) Terrestrial

Lobelia monostachya (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia monostachya) Terrestrial

Lobelia niihauensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia niihauensis) Terrestrial

Lobelia oahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia oahuensis) Terrestrial

Lysimachia filifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia filifolia) Terrestrial

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94

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lysimachia lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Lysimachia maxima (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia maxima) Terrestrial

Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alectryon macrococcus) Terrestrial

Makou (Peucedanum sandwicense) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Peucedanum sandwicense) Terrestrial

Ma'o Hau Hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus brackenridgei) Terrestrial

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea apokremnos) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea apokremnos) Terrestrial

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea kealiae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kealiae) Terrestrial

Mapele (Cyrtandra cyaneoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra cyaneoides) Terrestrial

Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Flueggea neowawraea) Terrestrial

Munroidendron racemosum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Munroidendron racemosum) Terrestrial

na`ena`e Endangered Dicot No

(Dubautia imbricata imbricata) Terrestrial

na`ena`e Endangered Dicot No

(Dubautia plantaginea magnifolia) Terrestrial

Na`ena`e Endangered Dicot No

(Dubautia waialealae) Terrestrial

Na'ena'e (Dubautia herbstobatae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia herbstobatae) Terrestrial

Na'ena'e (Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) Terrestrial

Nani Wai'ale'ale (Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis) Terrestrial

Nanu (Gardenia mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gardenia mannii) Terrestrial

Na'u (Gardenia brighamii) Endangered Dicot No

(Gardenia brighamii) Terrestrial

Naupaka, Dwarf (Scaevola coriacea) Endangered Dicot No

(Scaevola coriacea) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta fauriei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta fauriei) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta kamolensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta kamolensis) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Nehe (Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta micrantha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta micrantha) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta waimeaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta waimeaensis) Terrestrial

Neraudia angulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia angulata) Terrestrial

Neraudia ovata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia ovata) Terrestrial

Neraudia sericea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia sericea) Terrestrial

Nioi (Eugenia koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eugenia koolauensis) Terrestrial

nohoanu Endangered Dicot No

(Geranium kauaiense) Terrestrial

Nohoanu (Geranium multiflorum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Geranium multiflorum) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea rivularis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea rivularis) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea subcordata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea subcordata) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea undulata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea undulata) Terrestrial

'Oha (Lobelia gaudichaudii koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. koolauensis) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia drepanomorpha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia drepanomorpha) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia lindseyana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia lindseyana) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia peleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia peleana) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia pyrularia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia pyrularia) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia samuelii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia samuelii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

'Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sesbania tomentosa) Terrestrial

'Ohe'ohe (Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) Terrestrial

'Olulu (Brighamia insignis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Brighamia insignis) Terrestrial

Opuhe (Urera kaalae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Urera kaalae) Terrestrial

Pamakani (Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana) Terrestrial

Papala Endangered Dicot No

(Charpentiera densiflora) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia hirsuta (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia hirsuta) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia kaalaensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia kaalaensis) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia knudsenii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia knudsenii) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia mannii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia mannii) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia mollis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia mollis) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia parviflora (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia parviflora) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia velutina (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia velutina) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia waimeae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia waimeae) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia warshaueri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia warshaueri) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia wawrana (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia wawrana) Terrestrial

Pilo (Hedyotis mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis mannii) Terrestrial

pilo kea lau li`i Endangered Dicot No

(Platydesma rostrata) Terrestrial

Po'e (Portulaca sclerocarpa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Portulaca sclerocarpa) Terrestrial

Popolo 'Aiakeakua (Solanum sandwicense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Solanum sandwicense) Terrestrial

Popolo Ku Mai (Solanum incompletum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Solanum incompletum) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pua'ala (Brighamia rockii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Brighamia rockii) Terrestrial

Remya kauaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Remya montgomeryi (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya montgomeryi) Terrestrial

Remya, Maui Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya mauiensis) Terrestrial

Sandalwood, Lanai (='Iliahi) Endangered Dicot No

(Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense) Terrestrial

Sanicula mariversa (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sanicula mariversa) Terrestrial

Sanicula purpurea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sanicula purpurea) Terrestrial

Schiedea haleakalensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea haleakalensis) Terrestrial

Schiedea helleri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea helleri) Terrestrial

Schiedea hookeri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea hookeri) Terrestrial

Schiedea kaalae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kaalae) Terrestrial

Schiedea kauaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Schiedea lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea lydgatei) Terrestrial

Schiedea membranacea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea membranacea) Terrestrial

Schiedea nuttallii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea nuttallii) Terrestrial

Schiedea sarmentosa (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea sarmentosa) Terrestrial

Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda) Terrestrial

Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina) Terrestrial

Schiedea verticillata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea verticillata) Terrestrial

Schiedea, Diamond Head (Schiedea adamantis) Endangered Dicot No

(Schiedea adamantis) Terrestrial

Silene alexandri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene alexandri) Terrestrial

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98

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Silene hawaiiensis (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Silene hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Silene lanceolata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene lanceolata) Terrestrial

Silene perlmanii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene perlmanii) Terrestrial

Silversword, Haleakala ('Ahinahina) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum) Terrestrial

Silversword, Ka'u (Argyroxiphium kauense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Argyroxiphium kauense) Terrestrial

Silversword, Mauna Kea ('Ahinahina) Endangered Dicot No

(Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense) Terrestrial

Spermolepis hawaiiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Spermolepis hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Stenogyne angustifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Stenogyne angustifolia var. angustifolia) Terrestrial

Stenogyne bifida (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne bifida) Terrestrial

Stenogyne campanulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne campanulata) Terrestrial

Stenogyne kanehoana (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne kanehoana) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium arenarium (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Tetramolopium arenarium) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium capillare (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium capillare) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium filiforme (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium filiforme) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium remyi (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium remyi) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium rockii (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium rockii) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Trematolobelia singularis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Trematolobelia singularis) Terrestrial

Uhiuhi (Caesalpinia kavaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Caesalpinia kavaiense) Terrestrial

Ulihi (Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Vetch, Hawaiian (Vicia menziesii) Endangered Dicot No

(Vicia menziesii) Terrestrial

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99

Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Vigna o-wahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Vigna o-wahuensis) Terrestrial

Viola helenae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola helenae) Terrestrial

Viola lanaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Viola lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Viola oahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola oahuensis) Terrestrial

Wahine Noho Kula (Isodendrion pyrifolium) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion pyrifolium) Terrestrial

Xylosma crenatum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Xylosma crenatum) Terrestrial

Asplenium fragile var. insulare (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Asplenium fragile var. insulare) Terrestrial

Diellia erecta (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia erecta) Terrestrial

Diellia falcata (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia falcata) Terrestrial

Diellia pallida (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia pallida) Terrestrial

Diellia unisora (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia unisora) Terrestrial

Diplazium molokaiense (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diplazium molokaiense) Terrestrial

Fern, Pendant Kihi (Adenophorus periens) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Adenophorus periens) Terrestrial

'Ihi'Ihi (Marsilea villosa) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Marsilea villosa) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Ctenitis squamigera) Terrestrial

Pteris lidgatei (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Pteris lidgatei) Terrestrial

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Huperzia) mannii) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Huperzia mannii) Terrestrial

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Lycopodium) nutans) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Lycopodium (=Phlegmariurus) nutans) Terrestrial

Snail, Newcomb's Threatened Gastropod Yes

(Erinna newcombi) Freshwater

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella abbreviata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella abbreviata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella apexfulva) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella apexfulva) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bellula) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella bellula) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella buddii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella buddii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bulimoides) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella bulimoides) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella byronii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella byronii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella caesia) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella caesia) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella casta) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella casta) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella cestus) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella cestus) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella concavospira) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella concavospira) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella curta) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella curta) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decipiens) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella decipiens) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decora) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella decora) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella dimorpha) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella dimorpha) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella elegans) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella elegans) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fulgens) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella fulgens) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fuscobasis) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella fuscobasis) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juddii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella juddii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juncea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella juncea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lehuiensis) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lehuiensis) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella leucorraphe) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella leucorraphe) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lila) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lila) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella livida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella livida) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lorata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lorata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella mustelina) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella mustelina) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella papyracea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella papyracea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella phaeozona) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella phaeozona) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pulcherrima) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella pulcherrima) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pupukanioe) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella pupukanioe) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella rosea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella rosea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella sowerbyana) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella sowerbyana) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella spaldingi) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella spaldingi) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella stewartii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella stewartii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella swiftii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella swiftii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella taeniolata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella taeniolata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella thaanumi) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella thaanumi) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella turgida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella turgida) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella valida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella valida) Terrestrial

Hawaiian picture-wing Fly Endangered Insect No

(Drosophila sharpi) Terrestrial

Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx Endangered Insect Yes

(Manduca blackburni) Terrestrial

Bat, Hawaiian Hoary Endangered Mammal No

(Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Seal, Hawaiian Monk Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Monachus schauinslandi) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Bluegrass, Hawaiian Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa sandvicensis) Terrestrial

Bluegrass, Mann's (Poa mannii) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa mannii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Gahnia Lanaiensis (ncn) Endangered Monocot No

(Gahnia lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Grass, Fosberg's Love Endangered Monocot Yes

(Eragrostis fosbergii) Terrestrial

Hala Pepe (Pleomele hawaiiensis) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pleomele hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Hilo Ischaemum (Ischaemum byrone) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Ischaemum byrone) Terrestrial

Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Cenchrus agrimonioides) Terrestrial

Lau'ehu (Panicum niihauense) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Panicum niihauense) Terrestrial

lo`ulu Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia hardyi) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia affinis) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia kaalae) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia munroi) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pritchardia munroi) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia napaliensis) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia napaliensis) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia remota) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pritchardia remota) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia schattaueri) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia schattaueri) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia viscosa) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia viscosa) Terrestrial

Mariscus fauriei (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Mariscus fauriei) Terrestrial

Mariscus pennatiformis (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Mariscus pennatiformis) Terrestrial

Pa'iniu Endangered Monocot No

(Astelia waialealae) Terrestrial

Panicgrass, Carter's (Panicum fauriei var.carteri) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Panicum fauriei var. carteri) Terrestrial

Platanthera holochila (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Platanthera holochila) Terrestrial

Poa siphonoglossa (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa siphonoglossa) Terrestrial

Pu'uka'a (Cyperus trachysanthos) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Cyperus trachysanthos) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 375) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Wahane (Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Idaho ( 20) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Four-o'clock, Macfarlane's Threatened Dicot No

(Mirabilis macfarlanei) Terrestrial

Howellia, Water Threatened Dicot No

(Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Sturgeon, White Endangered Fish Yes

(Acipenser transmontanus) Saltwater, Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Limpet, Banbury Springs Endangered Gastropod No

(Lanx sp.) Freshwater

Snail, Bliss Rapids Threatened Gastropod No

(Taylorconcha serpenticola) Freshwater

Snail, Snake River Physa Endangered Gastropod No

(Physa natricina) Terrestrial

Snail, Utah Valvata Endangered Gastropod No

(Valvata utahensis) Terrestrial

Springsnail, Bruneau Hot Endangered Gastropod No

(Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

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Idaho ( 20) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Caribou, Woodland Endangered Mammal No

(Rangifer tarandus caribou) Terrestrial

Squirrel, Northern Idaho Ground Threatened Mammal No

(Spermophilus brunneus brunneus) Terrestrial

Illinois ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Amphipod, Illinois Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Gammarus acherondytes) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Aster, Decurrent False Threatened Dicot No

(Boltonia decurrens) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Daisy, Lakeside Threatened Dicot No

(Hymenoxys herbacea) Freshwater

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Snail, Iowa Pleistocene Endangered Gastropod No

(Discus macclintocki) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

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Illinois ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect Yes

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Indiana ( 20) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Goldenrod, Short's Endangered Dicot No

(Solidago shortii) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

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Indiana ( 20) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Iowa ( 14) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Snail, Iowa Pleistocene Endangered Gastropod No

(Discus macclintocki) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Kansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

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Kansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Madtom, Neosho Threatened Fish No

(Noturus placidus) Freshwater

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Kentucky ( 48) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica kirtlandii) Terrestrial

Warbler, Bachman's Endangered Bird No

(Vermivora bachmanii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Ivory-billed Endangered Bird No

(Campephilus principalis) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta atropurpurea) Freshwater

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Kentucky ( 48) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Appalachian Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula sparsa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Bean Endangered Bivalve No

(Villosa trabalis) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Endangered Bivalve No

(Dromus dromas) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Yellow-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina florentina) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Tan Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) Freshwater

Shrimp, Kentucky Cave Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Palaemonias ganteri) Freshwater

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Goldenrod, Short's Endangered Dicot No

(Solidago shortii) Terrestrial

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Kentucky ( 48) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Goldenrod, White-haired Threatened Dicot No

(Solidago albopilosa) Terrestrial

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Large (=Braun's) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. ampla Rollins) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Small Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. perstellata Fernald) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Cumberland Threatened Dicot No

(Conradina verticillata) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Cumberland Endangered Dicot No

(Arenaria cumberlandensis) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Dace, Blackside Threatened Fish No

(Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Freshwater

Darter, Bluemask (=jewel) Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma /) Freshwater

Darter, Relict Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma chienense) Freshwater

Shiner, Palezone Endangered Fish No

(Notropis albizonatus) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Endangered Mammal Yes

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Louisiana ( 21) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, California Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum browni) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

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Louisiana ( 21) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Pearlshell, Louisiana Threatened Bivalve No

(Margaritifera hembeli) Freshwater

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Threatened Dicot No

(Geocarpon minimum) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Ringed Sawback Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys oculifera) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Maine ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Lousewort, Furbish Endangered Dicot No

(Pedicularis furbishiae) Terrestrial

Salmon, Atlantic Endangered Fish No

(Salmo salar) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

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Maine ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Maryland ( 14) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Darter, Maryland Endangered Fish Yes

(Etheostoma sellare) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Beetle, Northeastern Beach Tiger Threatened Insect No

(Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis) Terrestrial

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Threatened Insect No

(Cicindela puritana) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Massachusetts ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

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Massachusetts ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Beetle, Northeastern Beach Tiger Threatened Insect No

(Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis) Terrestrial

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Threatened Insect No

(Cicindela puritana) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Plymouth Red-bellied Endangered Reptile Yes

(Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Michigan ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica kirtlandii) Terrestrial

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Goldenrod, Houghton's Threatened Dicot No

(Solidago houghtonii) Terrestrial

Monkey-flower, Michigan Endangered Dicot No

(Mimulus glabratus var. michiganensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Beetle, Hungerford's Crawling Water Endangered Insect No

(Brychius hungerfordi) Freshwater

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect Yes

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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Michigan ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Iris, Dwarf Lake Threatened Monocot No

(Iris lacustris) Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Minnesota ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Roseroot, Leedy's Threatened Dicot No

(Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi) Terrestrial

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Lily, Minnesota Trout Endangered Monocot No

(Erythronium propullans) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Mississippi ( 30) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, Dusky Gopher (Mississippi DPS) Endangered Amphibian No

(Rana capito sevosa) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Crane, Mississippi Sandhill Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus canadensis pulla) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

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Mississippi ( 30) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Combshell, Southern (=Penitent mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma penita) Freshwater

Mucket, Orangenacre Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis perovalis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Black (=Curtus' Mussel) Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema curtum) Freshwater

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema taitianum) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Darter, Bayou Threatened Fish No

(Etheostoma rubrum) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

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Mississippi ( 30) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Ringed Sawback Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys oculifera) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Turtle, Yellow-blotched Map Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys flavimaculata) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Missouri ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Curtis' Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina curtisii) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus aculabrum) Endangered Crustacean No

(Cambarus aculabrum) Freshwater

Aster, Decurrent False Threatened Dicot No

(Boltonia decurrens) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Bladderpod, Missouri Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella filiformis) Terrestrial

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Threatened Dicot No

(Geocarpon minimum) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Sneezeweed, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Helenium virginicum) Vernal pool

Cavefish, Ozark Threatened Fish No

(Amblyopsis rosae) Freshwater

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Missouri ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Darter, Niangua Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma nianguae) Freshwater

Madtom, Neosho Threatened Fish No

(Noturus placidus) Freshwater

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Cavesnail, Tumbling Creek Endangered Gastropod No

(Antrobia culveri) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect Yes

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Montana ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Howellia, Water Threatened Dicot No

(Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Nebraska ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Nebraska ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Penstemon, Blowout Endangered Dicot No

(Penstemon haydenii) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger Endangered Insect No

(Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Nevada ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Mentzelia leucophylla) Terrestrial

Centaury, Spring-loving Threatened Dicot Yes

(Centaurium namophilum) Terrestrial

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) Terrestrial

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Ivesia kingii var. eremica) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Astragalus phoenix) Terrestrial

Niterwort, Amargosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nitrophila mohavensis) Terrestrial

Sunray, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Pahranagat Roundtail Endangered Fish No

(Gila robusta jordani) Freshwater

Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater

Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled Endangered Fish Yes

(Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) Freshwater

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Nevada ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Dace, Moapa Endangered Fish No

(Moapa coriacea) Freshwater

Poolfish, Pahrump (= Pahrump Killifish) Endangered Fish No

(Empetrichthys latos) Freshwater

Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) Freshwater

Pupfish, Devils Hole Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon diabolis) Freshwater

Pupfish, Warm Springs Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis) Freshwater

Spinedace, Big Spring Threatened Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) Freshwater

Spinedace, White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda albivallis) Freshwater

Springfish, Hiko White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Crenichthys baileyi grandis) Freshwater

Springfish, Railroad Valley Threatened Fish Yes

(Crenichthys nevadae) Freshwater

Springfish, White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Crenichthys baileyi baileyi) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Woundfin Endangered Fish Yes

(Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater

Naucorid, Ash Meadows Threatened Insect Yes

(Ambrysus amargosus) Terrestrial

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

New Hampshire ( 4) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

New Jersey ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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New Jersey ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Curlew, Eskimo Endangered Bird No

(Numenius borealis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Beaked-rush, Knieskern's Threatened Monocot No

(Rhynchospora knieskernii) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

New Mexico ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Threatened Amphibian No

(Rana chiricahuensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No

(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Amphipod, Noel's Endangered Crustacean No

(Gammarus desperatus) Freshwater

Isopod, Socorro Endangered Crustacean No

(Thermosphaeroma thermophilus) Freshwater

Cactus, Knowlton Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus knowltonii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Kuenzler Hedgehog Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri) Terrestrial

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New Mexico ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Cactus, Lee Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Coryphantha sneedii var. leei) Terrestrial

Cactus, Mesa Verde Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Terrestrial

Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Endangered Dicot No

(Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) Terrestrial

Fleabane, Zuni Threatened Dicot No

(Erigeron rhizomatus) Terrestrial

Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost Endangered Dicot No

(Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Mancos Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus humillimus) Terrestrial

Pennyroyal, Todsen's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedeoma todsenii) Terrestrial

Poppy, Sacramento Prickly Endangered Dicot No

(Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Pecos Threatened Dicot No

(Helianthus paradoxus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Thistle, Sacramento Mountains Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium vinaceum) Terrestrial

Wild-buckwheat, Gypsum Threatened Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum gypsophilum) Terrestrial

Chub, Chihuahua Threatened Fish No

(Gila nigrescens) Freshwater

Chub, Gila Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila intermedia) Freshwater

Gambusia, Pecos Endangered Fish No

(Gambusia nobilis) Freshwater

Minnow, Loach Threatened Fish Yes

(Tiaroga cobitis) Freshwater

Minnow, Rio Grande Silvery Endangered Fish Yes

(Hybognathus amarus) Freshwater

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Shiner, Beautiful Threatened Fish Yes

(Cyprinella formosa) Freshwater

Shiner, Pecos Bluntnose Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis simus pecosensis) Freshwater

Spikedace Threatened Fish Yes

(Meda fulgida) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

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New Mexico ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Endangered Fish No

(Poeciliopsis occidentalis) Freshwater

Trout, Gila Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus gilae) Freshwater

Snail, Pecos Assiminea Endangered Gastropod Yes

(Assiminea pecos) Freshwater

Springsnail, Alamosa Endangered Gastropod No

(Tryonia alamosae) Freshwater

Springsnail, Koster's Endangered Gastropod No

(Juturnia kosteri) Terrestrial

Springsnail, Roswell Endangered Gastropod No

(Pyrgulopsis roswellensis) Freshwater

Springsnail, Socorro Endangered Gastropod No

(Pyrgulopsis neomexicana) Freshwater

Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long-nosed Endangered Mammal No

(Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Mexican Long-nosed Endangered Mammal No

(Leptonycteris nivalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Jaguar Endangered Mammal No

(Panthera onca) Terrestrial

Rattlesnake, New Mexican Ridge-nosed Threatened Reptile Yes

(Crotalus willardi obscurus) Terrestrial

North Carolina ( 55) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spider, Spruce-fir Moss Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Microhexura montivaga) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Elktoe, Appalachian Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta raveneliana) Freshwater

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Carolina Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Lasmigona decorata) Freshwater

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North Carolina ( 55) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Purple Bean Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Villosa perpurpurea) Freshwater

Spinymussel, James River Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema collina) Freshwater

Spinymussel, Tar River Endangered Bivalve No

(Elliptio steinstansana) Freshwater

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Avens, Spreading Endangered Dicot No

(Geum radiatum) Terrestrial

Bittercress, Small-anthered Endangered Dicot No

(Cardamine micranthera) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Heller's Threatened Dicot No

(Liatris helleri) Terrestrial

Bluet, Roan Mountain Endangered Dicot No

(Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Goldenrod, Blue Ridge Threatened Dicot No

(Solidago spithamaea) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Hexastylis naniflora) Terrestrial

Heather, Mountain Golden Threatened Dicot Yes

(Hudsonia montana) Terrestrial

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Terrestrial

Meadowrue, Cooley's Endangered Dicot No

(Thalictrum cooleyi) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Mountain Sweet Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii) Freshwater, Terrestrial

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North Carolina ( 55) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Sumac, Michaux's Endangered Dicot No

(Rhus michauxii) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Endangered Dicot No

(Helianthus schweinitzii) Terrestrial

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Shiner, Cape Fear Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis mekistocholas) Freshwater

Silverside, Waccamaw Threatened Fish Yes

(Menidia extensa) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Snail, Noonday Threatened Gastropod No

(Mesodon clarki nantahala) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Saint Francis' Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii francisci) Terrestrial

Lichen, Rock Gnome Endangered Lichen No

(Gymnoderma lineare) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Endangered Mammal Yes

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying Endangered Mammal No

(Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Terrestrial

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Arrowhead, Bunched Endangered Monocot No

(Sagittaria fasciculata) Freshwater

Irisette, White Endangered Monocot No

(Sisyrinchium dichotomum) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Sedge, Golden Endangered Monocot No

(Carex lutea) Terrestrial

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North Carolina ( 55) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

North Dakota ( 1) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Ohio ( 22) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Daisy, Lakeside Threatened Dicot No

(Hymenoxys herbacea) Freshwater

Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Madtom, Scioto Endangered Fish No

(Noturus trautmani) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

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Ohio ( 22) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect Yes

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Snake, Lake Erie Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia sipedon insularum) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Oklahoma ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Curlew, Eskimo Endangered Bird No

(Numenius borealis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Vireo, Black-capped Endangered Bird No

(Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater

Rock-pocketbook, Ouachita (=Wheeler's pm) Endangered Bivalve No

(Arkansia wheeleri) Freshwater

Cavefish, Ozark Threatened Fish No

(Amblyopsis rosae) Freshwater

Darter, Leopard Threatened Fish Yes

(Percina pantherina) Freshwater

Madtom, Neosho Threatened Fish No

(Noturus placidus) Freshwater

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

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Oklahoma ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Ozark Big-eared Endangered Mammal No

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii ingens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Oregon ( 36) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes

(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Plover, Western Snowy Threatened Bird Yes

(Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Terrestrial

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Threatened Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta lynchi) Vernal pool

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Threatened Dicot No

(Sidalcea nelsoniana) Terrestrial

Daisy, Willamette Endangered Dicot No

(Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens) Terrestrial

Four-o'clock, Macfarlane's Threatened Dicot No

(Mirabilis macfarlanei) Terrestrial

Lomatium, Bradshaw's Endangered Dicot No

(Lomatium bradshawii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Lomatium, Cook's Endangered Dicot No

(Lomatium cookii) Vernal pool

Lupine, Kincaid's Threatened Dicot No

(Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii (=var. kincaidii)) Terrestrial

Meadowfoam, Large-flowered Woolly Endangered Dicot No

(Limnanthes floccosa ssp. Grandiflora) Vernal pool

Popcornflower, Rough Endangered Dicot No

(Plagiobothrys hirtus) Vernal pool

Thelypody, Howell's Spectacular Threatened Dicot No

(Thelypodium howellii spectabilis) Terrestrial

Chub, Oregon Endangered Fish No

(Oregonichthys crameri) Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Lower Columbia River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

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Oregon ( 36) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Salmon, Chum (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Salmon, Coho (Southern OR/Northern CA Coast) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Lower Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Upper Willamette River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Butterfly, Fender's Blue Endangered Insect No

(Icaricia icarioides fenderi) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Oregon Silverspot Threatened Insect Yes

(Speyeria zerene hippolyta) Terrestrial

Deer, Columbian White-tailed Endangered Mammal No

(Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) Terrestrial

Fritillary, Gentner's Endangered Monocot No

(Fritillaria gentneri) Terrestrial

Lily, Western Endangered Monocot No

(Lilium occidentale) Terrestrial

Pennsylvania ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

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Pennsylvania ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Rhode Island ( 6) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

South Carolina ( 36) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Warbler, Bachman's Endangered Bird No

(Vermivora bachmanii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Mussel, Heelsplitter Carolina Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Lasmigona decorata) Freshwater

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

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South Carolina ( 36) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Amphianthus, Little Threatened Dicot No

(Amphianthus pusillus) Freshwater

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Gooseberry, Miccosukee Threatened Dicot No

(Ribes echinellum) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Hexastylis naniflora) Terrestrial

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Mountain Sweet Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Endangered Dicot No

(Helianthus schweinitzii) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Black-spored Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes melanospora) Vernal pool

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Lichen, Rock Gnome Endangered Lichen No

(Gymnoderma lineare) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Whale, Finback Endangered Marine mml No

(Balaenoptera physalus) Saltwater

Whale, Humpback Endangered Marine mml No

(Megaptera novaeangliae) Saltwater

Arrowhead, Bunched Endangered Monocot No

(Sagittaria fasciculata) Freshwater

Irisette, White Endangered Monocot No

(Sisyrinchium dichotomum) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

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South Carolina ( 36) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Trillium, Persistent Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium persistens) Terrestrial

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

South Dakota ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Tennessee ( 80) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spider, Spruce-fir Moss Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Microhexura montivaga) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

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Tennessee ( 80) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Elktoe, Appalachian Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta raveneliana) Freshwater

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta atropurpurea) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema gibberum) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cuneolus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cor) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Alabama Lamp Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis virescens) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Appalachian Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula sparsa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Birdwing Endangered Bivalve No

(Conradilla caelata) Freshwater

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Tennessee ( 80) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Bean Endangered Bivalve No

(Villosa trabalis) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula intermedia) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Endangered Bivalve No

(Dromus dromas) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Green-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Endangered Bivalve No

(Toxolasma cylindrellus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Turgid-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma turgidula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Yellow-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina florentina) Freshwater

Purple Bean Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Villosa perpurpurea) Freshwater

Rabbitsfoot, Rough Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Quadrula cylindrica strigillata) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Tan Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) Freshwater

Crayfish, Nashville Endangered Crustacean No

(Orconectes shoupi) Freshwater

Aster, Ruth's Golden Endangered Dicot No

(Pityopsis ruthii) Terrestrial

Avens, Spreading Endangered Dicot No

(Geum radiatum) Terrestrial

Bladderpod, Spring Creek Endangered Dicot No

(Lesquerella perforata) Floodplain

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

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Tennessee ( 80) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Coneflower, Tennessee Purple Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Ground-plum, Guthrie's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus bibullatus) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Green Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia oreophila) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Large (=Braun's) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. ampla Rollins) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Small Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. perstellata Fernald) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Cumberland Threatened Dicot No

(Conradina verticillata) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Cumberland Endangered Dicot No

(Arenaria cumberlandensis) Terrestrial

Skullcap, Large-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Scutellaria montana) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Chub, Slender Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimystax cahni) Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Dace, Blackside Threatened Fish No

(Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Freshwater

Darter, Amber Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina antesella) Freshwater

Darter, Bluemask (=jewel) Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma /) Freshwater

Darter, Boulder Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma wapiti) Freshwater

Darter, Duskytail Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma percnurum) Freshwater

Darter, Slackwater Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma boschungi) Freshwater

Darter, Snail Threatened Fish No

(Percina tanasi) Freshwater

Logperch, Conasauga Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina jenkinsi) Freshwater

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Tennessee ( 80) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Madtom, Pygmy Endangered Fish No

(Noturus stanauli) Freshwater

Madtom, Smoky Endangered Fish Yes

(Noturus baileyi) Freshwater

Madtom, Yellowfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Noturus flavipinnis) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Marstonia, Royal (=Royal Snail) Endangered Gastropod No

(Pyrgulopsis ogmorhaphe) Terrestrial

Riversnail, Anthony's Endangered Gastropod No

(Athearnia anthonyi) Freshwater

Lichen, Rock Gnome Endangered Lichen No

(Gymnoderma lineare) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying Endangered Mammal No

(Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Terrestrial

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Texas ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Barton Springs Endangered Amphibian No

(Eurycea sosorum) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, San Marcos Threatened Amphibian Yes

(Eurycea nana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, Texas Blind Endangered Amphibian No

(Typhlomolge rathbuni) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Toad, Houston Endangered Amphibian Yes

(Bufo houstonensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Texella reddelli) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Harvestman, Bone Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Texella reyesi) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Harvestman, Robber Baron Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Texella cokendolpheri) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina venii) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

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Texas ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Tartarocreagris texana) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Spider, Government Canyon Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Neoleptoneta microps) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Spider, Madla's Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina madla) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Spider, Robber Baron Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina baronia) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Spider, Tooth Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Neoleptoneta myopica) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Spider, Vesper Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Cicurina vespera) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Curlew, Eskimo Endangered Bird No

(Numenius borealis) Terrestrial

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No

(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Prairie-chicken, Attwater's Greater Endangered Bird No

(Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Vireo, Black-capped Endangered Bird No

(Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Golden-cheeked Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica chrysoparia) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Amphipod, Peck's Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Ambrosia, South Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Ambrosia cheiranthifolia) Terrestrial

Ayenia, Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Ayenia limitaris) Terrestrial

Bladderpod, White Endangered Dicot No

(Lesquerella pallida) Terrestrial

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136

Texas ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bladderpod, Zapata Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lesquerella thamnophila) Terrestrial

Cactus, Black Lace Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Bunched Cory Threatened Dicot No

(Coryphantha ramillosa) Terrestrial

Cactus, Chisos Mountain Hedgehog Threatened Dicot No

(Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis) Terrestrial

Cactus, Lloyd's Mariposa Threatened Dicot No

(Echinomastus mariposensis) Terrestrial

Cactus, Nellie Cory Endangered Dicot No

(Coryphantha minima) Terrestrial

Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Endangered Dicot No

(Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Star Endangered Dicot No

(Astrophytum asterias) Terrestrial

Cactus, Tobusch Fishhook Endangered Dicot No

(Ancistrocactus tobuschii) Terrestrial

Cat's-eye, Terlingua Creek Endangered Dicot No

(Cryptantha crassipes) Terrestrial

Dawn-flower, Texas Prairie (=Texas Bitterweed) Endangered Dicot No

(Hymenoxys texana) Terrestrial

Dogweed, Ashy Endangered Dicot No

(Thymophylla tephroleuca) Terrestrial

Frankenia, Johnston's Endangered Dicot No

(Frankenia johnstonii) Terrestrial

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Threatened Dicot No

(Geocarpon minimum) Terrestrial

Manioc, Walker's Endangered Dicot No

(Manihot walkerae) Terrestrial

Oak, Hinckley Threatened Dicot No

(Quercus hinckleyi) Terrestrial

Phlox, Texas Trailing Endangered Dicot No

(Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis) Terrestrial

Pitaya, Davis' Green Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii) Terrestrial

Poppy-mallow, Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Callirhoe scabriuscula) Terrestrial

Rush-pea, Slender Endangered Dicot No

(Hoffmannseggia tenella) Terrestrial

Sand-verbena, Large-fruited Endangered Dicot No

(Abronia macrocarpa) Terrestrial

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Texas ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snowbells, Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Styrax texanus) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Pecos Threatened Dicot No

(Helianthus paradoxus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Wild-buckwheat, Gypsum Threatened Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum gypsophilum) Terrestrial

Darter, Fountain Endangered Fish Yes

(Etheostoma fonticola) Freshwater

Gambusia, Big Bend Endangered Fish No

(Gambusia gaigei) Freshwater

Gambusia, Clear Creek Endangered Fish No

(Gambusia heterochir) Freshwater

Gambusia, Pecos Endangered Fish No

(Gambusia nobilis) Freshwater

Gambusia, San Marcos Endangered Fish Yes

(Gambusia georgei) Freshwater

Minnow, Devils River Threatened Fish No

(Dionda diaboli) Freshwater

Pupfish, Comanche Springs Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon elegans) Freshwater

Pupfish, Leon Springs Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon bovinus) Freshwater

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Snail, Pecos Assiminea Endangered Gastropod Yes

(Assiminea pecos) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Beetle, Coffin Cave Mold Endangered Insect No

(Batrisodes texanus) Subterraneous

Beetle, Comal Springs Dryopid Endangered Insect No

(Stygoparnus comalensis) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle Endangered Insect No

(Heterelmis comalensis) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Beetle, Helotes Mold Endangered Insect Yes

(Batrisodes venyivi) Subterraneous

Beetle, Kretschmarr Cave Mold Endangered Insect No

(Texamaurops reddelli) Subterraneous

Beetle, Tooth Cave Ground Endangered Insect No

(Rhadine persephone) Subterraneous

Rhadine exilis (ncn) Endangered Insect Yes

(Rhadine exilis) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

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138

Texas ( 86) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rhadine infernalis (ncn) Endangered Insect Yes

(Rhadine infernalis) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Bat, Mexican Long-nosed Endangered Mammal No

(Leptonycteris nivalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi cacomitli) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca) Terrestrial

Ocelot Endangered Mammal No

(Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis) Terrestrial

Ladies'-tresses, Navasota Endangered Monocot No

(Spiranthes parksii) Terrestrial

Pondweed, Little Aguja Creek Endangered Monocot No

(Potamogeton clystocarpus) Freshwater

Wild-rice, Texas Endangered Monocot Yes

(Zizania texana) Freshwater

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Concho Water Threatened Reptile Yes

(Nerodia paucimaculata) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Utah ( 34) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Bear-poppy, Dwarf Endangered Dicot No

(Arctomecon humilis) Terrestrial

Bladderpod, Kodachrome Endangered Dicot No

(Lesquerella tumulosa) Terrestrial

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) Terrestrial

Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial

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Utah ( 34) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Cactus, Winkler Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus winkleri) Terrestrial

Cactus, Wright Fishhook Endangered Dicot No

(Sclerocactus wrightiae) Terrestrial

Cycladenia, Jones Threatened Dicot No

(Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis)) Terrestrial

Daisy, Maguire Threatened Dicot No

(Erigeron maguirei) Freshwater

Milk-vetch, Deseret Threatened Dicot No

(Astragalus desereticus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Heliotrope Threatened Dicot Yes

(Astragalus montii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus holmgreniorum) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Shivwits Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus ampullarioides) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Welsh's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Asclepias welshii) Terrestrial

Phacelia, Clay Endangered Dicot No

(Phacelia argillacea) Terrestrial

Primrose, Maguire Threatened Dicot No

(Primula maguirei) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Barneby Endangered Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe barnebyi) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Shrubby Endangered Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe suffrutescens) Terrestrial

Ridge-cress (=Pepper-cress), Barneby Endangered Dicot No

(Lepidium barnebyanum) Terrestrial

Townsendia, Last Chance Threatened Dicot No

(Townsendia aprica) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, June Endangered Fish Yes

(Chasmistes liorus) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

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Utah ( 34) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Woundfin Endangered Fish Yes

(Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Prairie Dog, Utah Threatened Mammal No

(Cynomys parvidens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Sedge, Navajo Threatened Monocot Yes

(Carex specuicola) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Vermont ( 4) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Milk-vetch, Jesup's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Virginia ( 57) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Shenandoah Endangered Amphibian No

(Plethodon shenandoah) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta atropurpurea) Freshwater

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cuneolus) Freshwater

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Virginia ( 57) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cor) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Appalachian Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula sparsa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Birdwing Endangered Bivalve No

(Conradilla caelata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Bean Endangered Bivalve No

(Villosa trabalis) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula intermedia) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Endangered Bivalve No

(Dromus dromas) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Green-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Purple Bean Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Villosa perpurpurea) Freshwater

Rabbitsfoot, Rough Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Quadrula cylindrica strigillata) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Tan Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) Freshwater

Spinymussel, James River Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema collina) Freshwater

Isopod, Lee County Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Lirceus usdagalun) Freshwater

Isopod, Madison Cave Threatened Crustacean No

(Antrolana lira) Freshwater

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Bittercress, Small-anthered Endangered Dicot No

(Cardamine micranthera) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

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Virginia ( 57) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

Rock-cress, Shale Barren Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis serotina) Terrestrial

Sneezeweed, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Helenium virginicum) Vernal pool

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Sumac, Michaux's Endangered Dicot No

(Rhus michauxii) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Endangered Dicot No

(Helianthus schweinitzii) Terrestrial

Chub, Slender Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimystax cahni) Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Dace, Blackside Threatened Fish No

(Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Freshwater

Darter, Duskytail Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma percnurum) Freshwater

Logperch, Roanoke Endangered Fish No

(Percina rex) Freshwater

Madtom, Yellowfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Noturus flavipinnis) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Snail, Virginia Fringed Mountain Endangered Gastropod No

(Polygyriscus virginianus) Terrestrial

Beetle, Northeastern Beach Tiger Threatened Insect No

(Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Saint Francis' Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii francisci) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Endangered Mammal Yes

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

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Virginia ( 57) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Washington ( 33) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes

(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Plover, Western Snowy Threatened Bird Yes

(Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Terrestrial

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Threatened Dicot No

(Sidalcea nelsoniana) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Wenatchee Mountains Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sidalcea oregana var. calva) Terrestrial

Howellia, Water Threatened Dicot No

(Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater

Lupine, Kincaid's Threatened Dicot No

(Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii (=var. kincaidii)) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Golden Threatened Dicot No

(Castilleja levisecta) Terrestrial

Stickseed, Showy Endangered Dicot No

(Hackelia venusta) Terrestrial

Salmon, Chinook (Lower Columbia River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Puget Sound) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

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Washington ( 33) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Salmon, Chum (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Salmon, Chum (Hood Canal Summer population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Ozette Lake population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish

Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Lower Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Upper Willamette River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, Puget Sound Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Butterfly, Oregon Silverspot Threatened Insect Yes

(Speyeria zerene hippolyta) Terrestrial

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Deer, Columbian White-tailed Endangered Mammal No

(Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) Terrestrial

Rabbit, Pygmy Endangered Mammal No

(Brachylagus idahoensis) Terrestrial

West Virginia ( 15) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Cheat Mountain Threatened Amphibian No

(Plethodon nettingi) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

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West Virginia ( 15) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Spinymussel, James River Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema collina) Freshwater

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Rock-cress, Shale Barren Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis serotina) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Snail, Flat-spired Three-toothed Threatened Gastropod No

(Triodopsis platysayoides) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Endangered Mammal Yes

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Wisconsin ( 14) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica kirtlandii) Terrestrial

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Locoweed, Fassett's Threatened Dicot No

(Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea) Terrestrial

Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

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Wisconsin ( 14) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect Yes

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Iris, Dwarf Lake Threatened Monocot No

(Iris lacustris) Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Wyoming ( 1) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

No species were selected for exclusion.

Dispersed species included in report.