i_ 

• 

.. . --

' r-.. 

\ \ '. ,. 

. , .. 

\ \ ~v. • \, . . ' ·.. ··. . . \-·. 

\: ·: . . '\ 

; :\> 

REF ID:A42843 

' l. Detore t.be flr•t. World War, Aaarloa wa• u•l.A& oo4•• aD4 

oipbv• M> aiapl• a eolloolboJ 00'1.ld worlc t.bea out.. ft• tut.• of 

Colonel Sou••'• •••ase• t.o WllSOA •er• uncloutt.ediJ q1&loltl.1 4•eoclecl 

by •••r1 other ·aati.:>n. Th• aeoret. 418pat.obN ot t.he ... rlou 111H1cm 

to liUH1a •er• . ll8ecl as •le1MAtar1 eu..pl•• 1A t.he t.rai.Di.Dg of· awtut. 

orntograpllerei\Ut. arur ••'4 ent9re4 u. war. AD4 oil tla•• auu.p• d•p•Ade4 t.lle t gbt.1.Ag ot t.b• war &Ad t.h• •k1A& ot t.bo peaoe I 

p. • 

2. .!Yen t.he raAk1Jl8 ott1oera OD t.be •••t.vll Front oould DO\ be 

p•r.u&d•4 that. tbel.r •x1at.1Jl8 -tbod ot OOlllllWlloatlon was •a.iirelT 

iu•our•. .&. 10waa ottiov witJl th• alcetobl.e•t. mowledg• of ornt.osrapb7 Ht. °"' t.o pro•• tbl.a. Proa an interoept ot an .&.Mr1ou •••P 

be l•arAed t."l* diapoaltloa. d t.roopa along the St. llibl.•l aalhnt, 

tb• JW."nber abd name• ot our diY1aiona, &Ad, finally, &he aot1&&l bour 

at. wl11oh t.b• great AIUrioan ortenain would be laua.obed. Tba •A..,., through rMd1Jl8 tbe .. eaagee, waa prepared tor the great attaui•• ot 

1918 and begaia to w1 thdraw. Tbe aurpria• attaok bad aiH•d it.a purpp••· 

p. 19 

-........T~ 

Z.'ftbe ~· ot _ Horet. ink 111 Ger-..n apioe in t.hh dowitr1 dur1Ag the ~as\ war ia a raaoinatins one. Tbe1r ohem.iat•' teolmiaqu• •a• 

perreoted t.o tbe point wbere t.h•Y 00\lld ooooeal seoret inke 1.lapregA&tecl, witbout 4i•oolou.ri.Ag, in ha.Ddlterobl.eta, oollar• 1 

or silk •oarrs. Tbe •PY bad ~, to soalt tile ga.nuio.t in water to 

bring out the obemioala. lie lla•d tbl.• •olut.ioo to write bis lott•r, 

threw 01.1t the aolutifn, dti•4 tb• ga.naent a.Dd wore it ut1l th• next 

u .. 1 t waa aeeded. Later t.h•Y den loped a r .. gent wbiob ooul4 4•nlop 

a letter wr1tt•o witb olear water. Aaer1oa.D ch811l1ata bad an aDXlou• 

time betor• the7 diaooYered t.hia simple aolut1oo: l.Jlavt a aeoret1Ak letter lo a glass <iaae an<1 shoot in a thin vapour ot 1od1ne. Thia 

vapour graduall7 settles lot.o all t.be tiD.1' orevio•s or the paper t.bat. 

haYo beeA d1atu.rbe4 by pen and water, and the olear outlla.• ot tile 

writ.ins tlis visible. p. 35, •2, cDd +t 

~. BT lanwirT, lil8, tho Code aJld Cipher lolutioo S.otion or WI-8 

bad 1mahrooae4 rapidl7. ~t this t~e seYeral strange me•sagea troa 

Germany to Kexioo •er• 1otereat1ng them espeohlly. Tbro1&gb gueaa atter 

gueaa, .. oh ooe cootirmsd later bJ a .. tbematioal tor:lllll&, tb•7 toua.4 

that the Genaaa.s were 11ain8 an Engllsb 4iot1onary to encode tbelr di•-

patohea. Tbe aeaaapa were beamed s:tralnght at tbe goYe.rnaent radlo 

station, were addressed to tbe Ger!ll8.D. .~oister in Mexioo City and 

autboriud a bug• bribe to Me.doo to stay ne1.1tral. w~er dlapetcbee proved tbe maohia.atioAB or ~apan in i.:e~ico. Then, suddenly, the atat1on 

beca.Dl• silent, Just as it promised so m.LlCh. .;)()f!lPD& 1A :.dl-8 was either 

a Genaa.D spy or had a loose tongue, tor thet'--riWle ot intormati.oo was 

olosed tor the re-t ot the war. P. 85-69, 108 

5. In February, lilB, a man waa oaptlll"ed orosaing lhe itell10SJll 

border who was oelieYed to be one or the most dangerous and W>.aorup- ulous or the Germa.n aples 1.o AD.erioa. Notnins was round on l:llm Dl.lt 

a sorap or paper bea.rlna a Juablo or lotto.rs. Its doo1pheraeot resulted ill the death sentenoe •txlllbl•xW••eywtrt tor the llMlD oarrrU.. 

the document, for 1t read, "Tho bearer or this is a subject or Ul• 

E:llplre wb.o.t.4avela_as a ~-uss1an under tn~ name or ~ablo #aberslti • 

Ke is a Ger11an seoret agent. Give him all the protection and aa 1•-

taoce necessary." It was iddressed to the German oonsulsr au~hor1ttee 

in ~exioo. ?. ~l-1~2 

6 Tne Navy 0e~artment had insisted on organizing th•ir own Crypto~apbic oure~u: ou~ lo July, 1918, tbef sud enly d1acbarged all their employees, donated thert" elaoorate secret-ink equipment 

to our laboratory, and plso~d a liaison officer in ~a~ i~dr~a•gent '•l/J} tbe:r.. ·;:-n•agb ! t h.ad beeo \o ex1st.enoe for over a l1 1! 

:., 

.. ~ .. 

I 

' J 

l 

·_;; 

·;ti.:;~;,. __ :~·~-·~~~-~~-~-··-~-·~~~---~~~-------~·-·-----~~------~ ·~. 

~/ I 

.... 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 08-18-2014 pursuantto E .0. 1352a :;C 

''}• 

·ii·. 
\ 

) 

~ 

~-·-- . 

REF ID:A42843 

larp per80KLDel, it 1Mt4 ta.1le4 to deoiplt.•r a •J.A&l• o1per or oot• ..... 89 or to 4•Y•lop one aeore\-1.Ak lei~. 

~ 

7. la u.e laat war, tu Brit.lab OOA.a14v.4 ua. C1plt.e a-ar .. a 

90 i:aportaDt t.iaa\ U.-7 plaoe4 an Adalral at. it.a h•4. BMaUM ot 

th• ..... _.. ~' Jae obt.a1De4 troa iM ... -.. tia' Ilia ~u 

bureau 4ecipbare4, thla MA, Ada1ral Ball, •t.oo4 A•n to U..,. 

George ill posu. ft8 .rorei.p Ottio• en-Yie4 hie poai\loll lrM\.17, 

tor 1 \ waa al.mo•\ wboU7 4•pen4eAt OA Jl1 . tor 1AtorQa t1on HTM111q 

·.ne Hcret poU t.1oal illtriguH or •Ae!Q' ud neut.ral goT.rDMAta • 

.,or 1A.sta.u.oe, ttw t-.ou ~:rm.AD-CanllAU aot•, ill wb.loh 0.1'9A7 

promised L:.6i.1oo the St.ates or • .. Jile4ico, Texaa and AriM>Da it a.be 

would declare •ar a.gainet tbt:: llll1 t.e4 St.at.ea, ceae troa t.!ae Br1t.iah 

Cipher &u-.... p. 1~9 

f 

.• 

. ; 

, .. . ' .-_ 

a. There waa oo wonder that Zllgland ne a greet Power. Sile 

read praot1call7 e~e?T code telegr.- t.bat passed oTell her cable•. 

p. l~ 

9. DiriAs the haoe Conterenoe a t.elegraD waa 4eoipbered •hioh reported an Entente plot to a~aaeeinate President Wllaon 1 eltber 

by ad~illistering a elow goiaon or bJ g1T1Dg b.1.m tb• 1ntlu•nsa 1D ioe. 

There 1a D;J uay of lmow1Ag wbetber t.b!e plot bad an7 trutb ill re.at 

and if 1\ bad, whether it auoceeded. But there are tbeae an4en1.abie 

tacts: Pt.resident Wilson's first sign or lllneea occurred ~l• he waa 

1n Par1a, and he was soon to die e l~ricg doeth. p. l~ 

lO. After the 1'&r, ail eect1ona or Ill-& ware de90bU1ze4 oxoept that which dealt •1th the solution or ood•a and ciphera. TIM f\uld• 

allowed could not be expended wit.hint the D1•tr1ot. ot ColUlll>la, •o 

theJ: looated in a brcnrnat.one front in the Beat Thirties 1n t.M baa.rt. 

ot 11 .. Tork Ci t7. Thero ~ liJl;fiU tor ten 7een was bou.ed t.la• 

.&mefliou ~lack Cha.lllber. Ro one knew ot it.a u.ietenoe but. a r .. ·mii 

ill t.be SMte Depart.int. i'. 166 

U. ~1.ng U.. Wa~ .u-maa.ot Conterenoe hold 1n 1981, 

aoae tiTe tbouaand deciphered lapeJJ.es• ae•-se• oootaln~ tJl• 

aeoret 1natrliot1on.s ot the lapanese del ... \.ea wero aent to Waab~D. 

Through t.bea •• learue4 Just. bow oloee G'r'•t 3r1ta1n and Japan 

were, and t.bat a ooaplete Wlderatan~ between th~ tlfo oowit.rie• 

wae propoaed botore the oonterence. P. 17~. 20S 

12. For instance, Lord C11rzon proposed that before the •ap aoeae 

Government made any prop0. al· to the A~er1cao Government ooocerning 

tae ?soif1c con.terenoe, the coot~ots or the propo3sl could be conf1dentlally co:.unu.nlcatet to the 3r1tlsh Go•ernment. 

?. 209 

13. on NoTe!'lber 28, 1~21, Le :nack: Chamb~r dec1p:.iered tbe ~at 

1~porta.nt and tar-reecb1og telsgra~ tnat ever oaased tbrougb 1t~ aoora. 

It is trom the Japanese fJre1gn vttlce to the Japane~e plen1;~teot1ary 

in Sashington. It is tbe first sl~a or •e~k..nees OD tbe tea-to-seTen 

Japanese demanda. Tbe following teleg1·am definitely deter~ned tbe r~spective strength of t.be rleet~ or Japllll llDd tbe Uoited ~tates; 

..,\-e'. are:;:~C .your op1o1.oa that 1.a is oece:;sary L avo~d en7 clssh 

with Great ~riteln and n.merico, particularly A.,~r1ca, in regard to 

Lne arOlH~ent ll~ltation que~tion. tou. will to tne utmost 1111:1ln~ein a 

middle attitude und r~douJle your efforts to carry out our pol.cy. ·.·'· 1· :. ·<~ I . se of .... ev i ti' ole necess ty, you will work to ts ta ol 1 sp your it .. '·. ':',·'.-'~_:,- .. ~ · n Clld • 1 or lC to 5 :>. If lo soite of yo..ir ut!llOst efforts, - · ,,.,con propose • ' . f 11 b ' "OUr . . ;.-'• ·" .. ·:» ~\:"C;):!10S nee ' 1 ( ~oentratloo · ""· °'ri ' · · · . . 1 N l 3 you will er.dee.•our to +im t the ;:iow.;r o co .. 

., 

... ' --· ·· ·· ·. · · · · · essary 10 view or tbe si tuatlon ..... to a act.: on ~ 

i <.< : -~.·· .-., ;ir .. ~rosa o ;r the ?Jacrr-i-c· ·oy a gu11rantee to reuuce or at lei.st to 'm.· 

· .. 0 !, , /.;:~{ •. ~!:~1;~~~;:;4~i ~:o ~k. "~i~~f~~~i~ Ii:;~:.,I~ ~.~n~~ !~"~;~··: I <~ • • ·~ -: '. • , t •, • •• -~ :· 
l. P. 11 .. I\ •• of\ea .... _.. \aa\ ....... h .. lac& \ai.,. u u 1•M.l9'11le 

clpb.er. In • etrlc\ ...... ~· h •"' ,..._, !er ta \M e&l't., "1Ule ~ ..._ 

Je.cca wr.w • ~· -..uort~ la 1 ei~ \bat au '•• tar t.efl• eaal.Jd• • ...,....,, ta .....i .... all etl)oWn er-. & ....,. oa Np6ih1 ........ .....-u .... h ~\1-.1~ ..... , ... ai •• ~ ....... , etpMH ,,.. •• , ,.......,17 ..... ..., ...,. H wrs''" ta• ..,y'f, .-117 tr - wtt.-.t mica e"Net•l U.lal .. , ..a .... ,. wt U11•t IJ*!\&l .,.,... "8. hie tilfo"' " enak ~ ~ wtl\ al_.,. M 

-. • ur~1 ~;.sole \ .. tlli9«, a wel l\Jl e.f tlM ai \Mir •.h,....i am& ........ IJ)Ml.i tu \.lllr aMll. 

1. 1: 16 .•• AlM, tM -.n eoe""'la a-4 Mfe Uw dpMI', tM ...-Hf' UbllAMt 

\Mre h •f ener. It• cl'*- h .,...,,. ....... • al9-le ~ rW.•• all tM 

rM\ el U.. ..... -ce "'1\...-tu ..... \e \M -.. wi\ll \be u,. A.a .tttoer et \M 

~rt Un n&ck OW.Mer .. ,, .. ,., lW' ...,., .. "' of •11 \be o11*r •••·,,..*la 

-pae19' \ar~ ,..._, '~'-•' ta.riw \M v.,.H h.r wen ~el. 

~. P. M. · •• ~ •lleprtoc.l oo4e -- "r'T ..... 1D .... , tM UM of ta. W.rU var. 

&al \M M1J •aner • ., aa\toa , .... \o t t ,., ~ ceaeort• \ellc:r.... .u ,. u .. ~· oeasor !'ou.d 1a &1• ..,. ... • \ehrT1..e troa • •• ..apee\M ot Nla,f a •'#· 8 Je\O.r h ti.e.:.4,• \be ••aacoe HU •lr)l7. ~ oe9e0r co•H..-.4 U nhfl1, el!.·~ ta• u .. , to ..,._tneT h .......... •M ln U p t~. ten •1111 .. 

u.. n1>l,J -. ol•cM oa a11 ..._, 1 h fatMI' 6-.& er 4 ... M&t• 

4. P. 'lt-12 ... -.CS• ef \M onftrt~•lt '09'91'7 ~- tM e1M•• \lea .... neeaUe>a of ltt.rJ ~ ot ... \e o-a ~ d_.... .. e, • ._.. tval .... 

Sa oti-ff'M lnten. WM9 •17 .. ta oaru~~ allll ....s.ac tor Mill ..,.._ 

of bcl&.t, &ll lMI' OO"'"PO ...... wtUa Mr .... t'let .................. 11aldae-

... •ll•~'ll' 1 hor.\&r7 rot lwnt s.rn ... u-1 .... • ,_.. l-.lt ta ,.,.~ ..... ....i-\Haki-c ..... ••P' '° pl.aM b1a wi\ll .._ ca.e-., ..... .. a •II J4W f91' Mr eNfft OOITM.,........ ftte fln\ ........ tall hi&e 

hl•~·· ~ --- Qowa .... 117. Jt ·~·~ ... , ... '"611 et •• tacnt .. .,i.aa ........ h•'9 n1-~ .... --' -- ta ....... - lb ,.,.. .. " 

aU9&MU'• ewa ...... bolt w1to _,.,.. ta \M .-.... UMI' *17 Utlauei, 

........ ol , ... pl•'·. --...... , -· •v.n.4 wld ...... u. Mein& .tt ...... \M •b,.,... - n ... fer \Mir u .... ~ ... •11 -.rla\ ..... wiUda. 

!191lUl, *J7 QaeM et hoh wc:1 oa \rl&l fOff !NI' Ute. 

& • p. ""-•· •• -.u". ,.....,.. .. ~ .. ta\e ... Yi .. Ult' .._. ... ,. &11 .. 

...., oaU ,., ~'et a.kM~re'• pee- ... '• ao nan. All \lie •H_,.• 

el•l• \!de tao\ la wt,._.. la Mftrel ef ..,._.'*""''~.a\•• w a rUi•lou --.r -'ff ....nau" \o ..,roTe \Mir ~la\. tM aau-• ... t ... O.W 

'~' n-ea .,... r.-rbal• oot•d•w11 et -UH •84 \en oaa .. •te~ 

•lleiwMH. ior .-.,1•. \\ 0.t.a .. t..•\re\et Ma\~ wo\e \M 

fer\7-llna P .. la1 u.. '-1.D le .....,... fel"\,...•1'~ \ae fen,...etnla ..,. tr.. , .. Mfba19« h ..... , .. f....,_..ab~ weM r,,_ \M eM la .-CS "····· 

6. r. II •••. AneUto U. h a C 9' lUer&rf \~ UCMU ftllea, .. ..al N 

..._ .. Allaa Poe .... ,_: ... u.. .,_,,. ..._..i.a.r-, • .._ of lla -. 

a ta-.a a.M. ...-.1.-. Wl"O•\le Wtloe• at.._ .. ttftUee ,.,. ulTW•l\# 

••\Aol'tU•• l&.1• •' dl..co"fft' \U.1 U Mill .... ..., lll &aelr dlt"91 ~114 ,..it .... 

la, .. h•'- ,...... 

'·he ......-1 erUlcha el all UM ----~-.Metpa rw•e le Ma\ ........ 

tMorh'1•• of t.-i1 Ml-\W-.l • •'- eteui, &...a. \at._ et'- •U~\MI' 

utt .... a\ forM el '1'f'e.(a ...... ,_, -. - a Mil .. l\.hll• • .I . .. .. lettw 

of tae al"*'"' ... unniM '• U a Nl'I" el •l ... _..•'">el a .,..11• 

Uffere9' oa1Ml~ ,,.... ..... er •••. t.a- t..uaee) ..eidle all U.. Met ••rwte 

01u ~•r Gtf.,..._ ,..,.... ••• UM b\ee\lea et lllMw ....n.au .... ef\q ~oe~1•1e 

oal.1 wt\h • -.attrt-c .. l.Me. la,.,. foau el tne watctt .,. ..... ualJJ ue ,.... Ia .._.ntoa, , .. •u ... u..a eou\os ot _,,.,. •H.r11n tr.-• kel ,.., --1•._ 

eat oHs.\•1"1'1 b~t•WMat pn.c't~ l....,...hl•. AU \a. '--' .... ~\ft 

h\o aaacre..tac er 1 ...... l\I. !'alt 4oe• aft\ -..an.11,..., '-' •c.a .... , •. ta- ,,ia11: u MHlT ..... ,....,eh• ..... u,,..-.i. et7">~"*1• wt.._. 

ti> \ De '"· 
REF ID:A42843 

•. '· uo-ue ... ID ~ 18701 • R12.HU .... ftlM fq QM lhe'llf.l , .. I' .Ue:ad.er. 

Ila ....._. ~ \.o alowq tor tM ~aal .IUallh'• aal \MJ' ,... ... a e.i-~ ., 18'6 OD a1a a.a \be OM n9P W!U~ Wiili ~ .. COIDUJ 

1c\o •....,..elf~ fLnt n~lloa. TM pollee -=c.-.. la •J*iriac tJM· 

ot , .. _.. t a &Mt ~ ._ NToluUo»rlff, a -.A ....t 16.._..l'tltt. I. ~ 

w1'o .... l~W td-lf la~ a.11 \l'U' -.. ~T- • oW.Q ~\ \e hllWP 

'o Uw ~ oatclu; 1' ~ • intrtca'•l.7 eoc.t~ed -.U..cr1?\ Wlca M 

til:nel O'NJ' 1-4.t~Ml.7 '-\be •Uior1'1n. ~ &oim. 1'-. no~ mre l~ 

• 1011« ~ oa ..- _..or tbe q~ clau, Wll.leJl MMf1' ali..-4 '• oa.,.... 

11..a. Ana tlle Tsar ...,. &•ea lc1lh4 Oii Id• ~ •rip '~ a ~ 

,., 9IM bea Ill.Md, 1\-. leuneci U-' MilniQUort -.a --ale& \o '*ie ._.._. 

l•hn • r.J.l Ml ~ din•U~. Howf Ill~\ -niAn Ule 1:a1n ot Uit JllDll•. 

u ba.A OPOeAla& la u. wlpUnlt \a\a \U\ ..,.. •iio.c:4 '- Co' ~ tu ~U.Ulolll • TeTJ' Glwv MColll ot-pMr wtl.ieb. &aT• hlpllcU lu~leu for 

\u llU'ClU. 

.. 9. P. l~!'. .. ,.'I°' • whf l1.e d:llr1~ tu fb.1rt7 t.,iu• Var ''- ue of .....,.. t~ .. e.c e1.'!l1Wl' 1 .... t.o !!*Tl rhn te ta. di.eua1"11" or a ~ s.r•t•. ' 

fl11e cl..nto. .._. tlMa •rte4 a1nu. DIU'illjlf '-A ~· s.-po7 Mntlq, .n.USA offi09IW 

-'• & ~ ~Uce of YrlUac ... ee,.a \o one "-aottwr he\~ ancita. 

01l\ vtta (ho9eJt ~chn. •ad dilrillC la. .8091' V•-r, wce?"I t• ~ tlliflr e~o 

9.Q w\ \al 110s\ •lvaeat&rJ ecaeau ~. -.un -... !OIWld t.b.o!'OWtlll.7 &.4•ou.'-• a. a c1pn.r. 

10. P. aa ... •\Un &ad wan 1a all u ... i.n Min d.ctu.l rt7 "'9 •01U'7 o! ... 

1U. to ~ lU ~·· e1n.Mre a.*1 co4ff. Ia t.ae NTSS•.a&.a oeac.17, ta. 

rGJ9-U•w waier u. Prla.oe of Coat• -" laTiac N1«9 \e u. lie ._, •VMClltM' : 

of ~·· 1' ~ ft:?'7 9'CJl &• Uo~ \hi "1>•1~ wouU 1-U uUl ~. ·, ....,, rq tia' u .. Coad.e'• •nq woa.1' " dect-•1<1 01 u...... lun aa JN _. ._.. · 

tl&uiQ« 1"&111-.r \M ni,p, a~-.. e->~\ t'1"7iag \o s.,.elt ti.roach \U u ... .... ~ • lac. 1U1>lol01Ul.7 ba4 poe9. J. ....,..~ -t~Uciaa wa• rlll't 

RC> ~ ~ reftlal.e4\bat \IM ... _,. ~1.17 ~ \t. ~h la tM ~ 

...... nlift'e u...·wt~ ..a!Uo:u of WU, "1\boQS w!lleh ~ ftllal' ~ '° ..... a.. Oo.a6 ha4 a ~t blawto, a:ra unle,. • flA« of \nee "~ U- --. 

awl U• cl_,. \o l•l-oat. •11:rt miornt~ tu :olaee •urn~. 

11. P.lG.,.~,,. •H UIG&l.17 llOl"e !udll.ar wUk f1et1ea1 e...,. .t OJTPt.oC"J)lilJ, pual.lel• ~ cfin be !oud lD ~ llf•. Cc:iM.a ~7le • ctiPMr -6 

.a ~ -.tm!aa 1a1 ued. ~ 1!fee1.1T•l.7 1n tao tAarlo.S Bel•• •terr ~ Ula\ -·-1 aleo ~ c7 Uae •ecret •oaieq of U. Ca.niolllU'i, h tM 

&11.J• of l\a.17*0 l'ftol\ ~lad ~r1aa-Spa..ta.b. "1.l• ln ta.e D.1 .. t-~ aeatlu'J. 

l~. P. 146 ••• !'ke dJl!ln wtdcJa ta wrtun b7 sabnltuti~ 911.eical no\ .. f,.r 1.-ttnh &llOU:lln' OOD"f'CUo»l 4rr1e- 1n !lct1o.a. f•1'1 ef!~Un u• of h -.s -... h \allllmene R1e0,0W'!f,. w1\Jl *rl~ D1etrlCD. ce ue oenateCJQ.9 la4J •!V w.ao rellN. dtl$ 

11 f9" .-p1ficut chorda o• t.M ,-.u.co (wbcl t-' ~rtuod tbll air}, \IMR ~ .-

vr<ot• dmra tiw J)Otll Uou:s oL t.ll• ft!.e1:Q' wrl. te on t .. front, ~Ti~ ~ri.9' t• 

vor4• 1n s ma108.l clJ*er. 

'-...._ 

~- P. i-.. •• &e ~~r .z.e al...,._ ~l)Od. -...nae o! tae c.l&I ... 

wh19 ~&lo.,; Ute ~ of''Cl'i•h•lU~. Ut•~tllre o/ \raap ec,.tll1~. a c1reh w1'a • d.1•('0~1 UU-..r.lltr.-ir \ o::.e. _...,, 9!:-U.1 h • ~ plaM 

'o rob,• • cradelJ' d~wu t':i"\ •·t~ i in tlkh pl.ace.• • ~ ~ --.r 

•Tau'll i»Te to wort for aD.¥~ 7oe. ~t.• -·· 

il P. lfil •.. flilll ~-teat d1arJ tn ~lea U'eretllN ~ tiJ>n ~- '- 11e 

tarO'llSll '• eklll of tM ct"T'~~~r. n- $;1.-1. Pe-pr• ..,._ W!'Oh a.i• di•J'7 

dur1Jl4! tla l'Ule of C~rl•• II, U -. don• ill a Jl&Dl\ LL?>O•\ 111croeeoPi~l1 .-ll 

8 1J!i 16 -..!)11t a·~ to IHI wo.e t;roe of con'rdtioM-1 dea1~ ci'P'Wl' .-tu lllO ... 

wao bad 1•\ loolrld ~t could 1nter;ire\. h W la -.-.or1..,t uaUl \Jle aii:aat ... u 

century, wne11. tae tl-4 of ~l•n• Collec'8 u c=. .. rt'89 a.ul~ \bl ta.t.lc of 

dectptleri!'ll; 1t \o a d1"1nit1 •twf.en\ ......_Jo=~· So- of U,. -·~· nad. f1rat e>een Oil• tn\o for•1~ l•~•, •pell ed. pana\1o&ll1, Ulilll ~lpll.U .. 

e.Dd finDllY WT1tt91\ in .. oertbluMl. Jo.P 5a1\!l wcrk*l o...-•r UU\ ••eor1p\ hr 

tnr•• .~r•, tvelY• or folll't .. n .tiotr• a ~. aad \~• recU.t ,... )roo&t>l¥ .,..ii 

wort.bi·t~ labor. (L&ter, • cosi::l•\• key to \n• 41•TT .,., toun•. 

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REF ID:A42843 

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lllM ,_.,~ ,.......__... .. --.. •••ne &all yu11m1 w '° t.e 

qelle& -·la dmple .U.tlnlloa •• , Ul1' a do ... M_.pa W beea p&aH4 

kfen u. Qenll.u ~ selnll u. wbol• \Idec. Tbe7 eoaoea•ra'94 9Pf9•l'- ,._ 

epet ~ .... liloa11 Viffl .la-.iM1a loftle -·~.~II.OD~ 

ut .. Mf. qi at.,.. \0 u. lilll or ...... ,,._. rn.:h Usz &DI head ..,,__ 

were fol'Mt \o ~-- top\ur. 

lf· P. 190 ••• ta peaeeU., ern~-ptq ~ CC- 'o ...... Dl~Uc 

qaa\lou a.re ao lOllg9I' .. ~ •• artAC a .u. Duiq ~ ...,. lelllU"'el.1' 

MCOU•Uom or a perlo4 ea .....,.i lle&C9 U le poaatola \o aa4 oat ,_._.tan 

wDo -n reoe1'"4 ~l iaatncUona flF llaoll. 

J/I. P. ·.sa ••• ft8 laflU.0. .r u. tana\1oa et \ae el•ut.c MlliCftJb oa 

of.Jp\~JlllT-.. \r......_.. I\ ... aew pout.Ill• \o Ul'ff'\ ad.•"17 ,.,,_a 

lloae offtaa \be nep11 et a mlliaq, 41~Uo er comMl"Cl&l. -..OTar MhC 

eaJ"rh4 011 a\ a 41a\aae9. A\ Ula aw \lM. U \U.W tMM ~~a1oaU.-.,.. 

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Wo 4a\a or place caa lie &Hl.-4 \o 1'• .,._,, co4•• "-r• an obT1ou.e product ot 

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