.-

0COP SEGRE) 

..-1&1)ed@iiiber 1957 . ~ -. ..... •; dMliK>RAHDUM FOR THE RECOBD 

SOB.:l'ECl: Hagelin Negotiations 

1~.A:rter Mr. :earl.ow 1ett stockholm to v.l.sit the Hagelin. Laboratories 

in. 2'Dg- J-.1 ~~.~ 1 Mr. Kaplin. urge9. that I Ji.sit hf")\'1'-ZD8 as soon. as con.ven.ien.tJ 

~ ~ f.'. " ·~' • . \... .. 

for the purpose~ ~on.ti. ~ ~s ;with~~~ the "Gen.tlemen. 's . ~· and also to see the progress that had been made in the devel.opment of,._new apparatus. AccoJ:dinsl1')after spending a few dqs on. ho~ 

in Scand1Dav:La, I proceeded to FrankfUrt tor preliminar.r talks with the 

.. ~~1" Ob:ief/ ot NSAEtJR and .ASAE tO ascerta.1n what late intonna.tion. vas avail-

/\ E~~~~ 

ab1e con.cerning devel.opaen.'$ in./\Gel'Jlllm1' in.· the ~logic field which 

might have a bee.ring upon the talks which would later en.sue between. IQ'Sel:f' 

am Mr. Hagelin. The information gleaned tran. ~ 

~ contereDC5 with the 

aforementioned persorme1 turned out to be quite usetul. in. 'lq' tal.k.s with 

Mr. Hagelin. After a few da:ys holidq with friends in. Frankfurt, on. 

22 September I proceeded to ZUr!cb. where I was met at the air.port at .. 

lBOO hours by Mr. Hagelin., who took me to zag b7 alltanobile. Mr. Hagelin. 

- . insisted that I be his house guest, which necessitated ca.n.cellation. of 

a hotel resern.tion. which I had made. .After dinner we had a brief talk: 

among which the toJ.J.ow:Lng "Were the prin.cipa1 items of concern: 

k ~. He astonished me 'bJ' handing~ a caw of u.s. Patent --

Bo. 2.802.<>47, issued on. 6 August 1957, on. an ''Electric SW1tch1ng 

Device tor Ciphering Apparatus". A can of this patent is attached 

- - -- ... - 0COP eECREl -- eclassified and a roved for release b NSA on 07-24-2014 ursuantto E.O. 1352 
... . . .. .. . . 

- REF -ID :A60669 

as Exhibit I. The reason f'or my astonishment was that this patent 

covers the re-entry princi:ple in electric rotor machines 1 a principle 

first thought of', at least in the u.s., some t::lme in 194o. It was 

conceived by Mr. Albert Sn.all in connection with the efforts of' the 

Army S1gna1 Intelligence Service to solve the Japanese highest level 

diplana.tic cipher machine (the so-called "Purple"). The idea had.1 at 

my insistence, been written up, an application for patent thereon had 

been filed, and the application and all papers connected therewith in 

the -Patent Office had been placed in secrecy. So far as I am aware, 

this application is still in a secrecy status,t.jW. ~cco:rding to U.S. Patent 

';:.. 

Law, the Patent Office shc>U.ld not have issued any patent on the re-entry 

principle and mechanism therefor without going through the mechanics of 

a "declaration of interteJ:.-ence". It is probable that there was a 

slip-u;p in the U.S. Patent Office and this will have to be investigated. 

This phase of the matter bas been turned over to Mr. Stauf'f'er, Pe.tent 

Counsel, Office of Resea.rcll and Developnent. Natura.lly I did not disclose 

to Mr. Hagelin that we h8'1 a real interest in the re-entry principle or 

that an application for a patent thereon was pending in the U.S. Patent 

Office and was in secrecy status. He did make a camnent to the effect 

that even though he had the patent, he was pretty sure that he could 

not obtain royal.ties fran the U.S. for its use. I thereupon asked h:i.m 

~ .......... ~ 

what made him think we" are using such an idea and his reply was sanething 

to the effect that he assumed that we too would have thought of such 

a neat and simpl.e thing l.ong ago. He went on then to add, with a smile, 

that his application for a patent on this re-entry principle, filed in 

2 
· .. ., .. REF ID:A60669 

ft"OP 3ECRElJ 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL86-36/50 USC 3605 

Japan at the same time ~ l}'t it was filed in the u.s. (October 1953) had 

,... , ,...__ ..... 

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..,,. ~ 

" I 

.... 

•I _. .. ::J • \ \, ... *· • .... ..... ~ .. ', ',, ,- \.M.. t ................. • -.. ~ - r~ 

been rejected by the Japanese Patent O"fficel At this\writing :r:. think 

Mr. Hagelin's patent is broader than the u.s. application in that his 

covers the situation 

"O (J..... 

~~ Mr. Hagelin em~ilii-8.--lr:e!'.~-~ decision which 

f\ 

had very recently been handed down by the Bonn Govermnent to\the , (OTT") 

Siemens Company With regard to th'e~~of one-t:tme-tapeJ\telepnnter 

ciphering apparatus. The Bonn decision permits the Siemens Company 

to sell. their aforementioned apparatus to all custaners except the 

Soviet Union~ 4-satellites thereof. I went into this in~ 

greater detail Air' )it" subseqtr.ent conferen~ w1 th Mr. Hagelin and this 

tk.J~:t' report will deal with this ~Wr- on. 

3.-

0COP eE:GRE:lJ 

.. 

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:· 

REF ID:A60669 

it emerged at a contact-point on the output stator. 

,£.d': There was considerable detailed inf'omation f'ran him 

- about the radiation studies which had been made by the Siemens COm.pa.ny 

~ ~~ and which was reported ~~ Mr. BarJ.ow'i ~rip report. I deliberately 

asked Mr. Hage1in to tell me about these studies, as though I had not 

heard about them already f'ran Mr. Barl.ow. 

f. He had heard several times about c~laints of NATO users 

- of the U.S • .AFSAM.-7 machine13. :t©stly, he said, operational f'ail.ures 

were due to dirty contact surfaces on the rotors. This camnent, 

incidentally, was a repetition of an idential one ma.de by an old 

friend, a captain in the u.s. Navy, who is on duty with Allied Forces 

in Northern Europe (AFNE) and wham I visited in Oslo just before going 

to Zurich, tJN.b.. ~ o... ~ ~~~a\~ IA.A SAc. '-Pn{.,.-- HQ '-- ~· <:) C . !,-- Mr. Hagelin told me in same detail. of' the deterioration 

in his business a.nd social relations with his son Boris, Junior, in 

Washington. Later I J.ea.rned from Mrs. Ha.gelin that their poor relations 

with their son begain soon after the son's marriage apparently because 

of in-1.aw/daugb.ter-in-law :imcampa.tibility. I was to leam more about 

this later, too. 

2. The next day, M:>nday 23 September, was spent in friendly 

chatting with Mr. Hagel.in, in the course of which the following items 

of' inf'omation were J.earned or discussed.: 

a. He once again referred to his "re-injection" patent, 

this time with sane pride in accampliShment or achievement, so that it 

was obvious that he wanted to talk about it some more. I therefore 

·4 
... 

:· 

REF ID: A60 669 EO 3_3(h)(2) 

[OP SEGRE) PL.86-36/50 USC 3605 

asked how he happened to think of, or hit upon, the\.\;i.dea of 

"re-injection~ whereupon he told me: In l.952 he'd been to\Bonn and 

had seen Dr. Huettenhain et al. (he referred to the gl'Qup as "Die 

Studien Gesellschaf't"" ~ BoIL'a), and that/during this v:tsit Dr. 

:ID¥ttenhain had said somethj.ng in regard to 

Mr. Hagelin tol.d me t.hat he 

•• wondered how this was possible but he did not ask Dr. Hlrj;teJ:lha.in to 

ex;plain. When he returned to Zug he began to ruminate and to think 

about this point; he made sketches and dralQ.ngs, but coul.dn 't tigure 

out how one could do such a thing as Dr. H~tenhain had mentioned.. 

.. . Final.ly, he showed his drawingsito his Chief Engineer, Sturtzinger, 

who inmlediate1y said: 

Mr. Ha.gel.in said 

that he didn't quite understand. what st.Urtzinger meant by 

It developed, 

Hagelin said, that this was exactly what StUrtzinger had in mind, but 

Hagelin was care:f:'Ul to tell me that he'd thought of this neat trick by 

himself and before stilrtzi11ger could explain what he meant by the word 

________ ___,!in this instance. I then took up Mr. Hagelin's 

last-night's reference to the fact that he failed to obtain a patent 

in Japan on his idea: "Haw was it that the u.s. Patent Office cited 

Q... 

~Japanese patent against you and still gave you a U.S. patent on 

5 

0COP eE:CRE1 
REF ID:A60669 

0COP SEGRE) 

your 're-injection' circuitry?" He replied: "The Japanese patent 

wasn't cited by the U.S. Patent Office; it was cited by the Japanese 

Patent Office itself when my application was filed in that country". 

I asked Mr. Hagelin if he could give me the Japanese patent number and 

he courteously su;p:plied me not only w1 th that information but also 

with a cow of the Japanese patent. (Exhibit II, attached hereto.) 

E..- We talked agaj.n about the Bonn decision mentioned above 

c. 

in paragraph Jl:. Mr. Hage]j.n stated that he had recently visited the 

Siemens people in Munich in connection with their sale of one-time-tape 

cipher teleprinting macbine1~. {Apparently the occasion for this visit 

was to tell them that he haCL heard of the r sales of such equ:i.pnent 

o.v.uc..ii~- tr< 'Yltu.iJ"' 

to certain countries which he thought were I\ iro -curtain countries.> or 

were inclining in that direi~tion. ) He told them he wanted to find 

out whether there was any basis for these stories. It was then that 

he learned from them of the Bonn decision to allow Siemens to sell 

their oo.1T teleprinter equipment to all countries except the u.s.s.R. 

and its satellites. Mr. Hagelin told me that he expected to follow 

suit. I thereu;pon asked him when or under what circumstances a country 

is to be regarded as a satellite of the u.s.s.R. Row about Egypt? Or 

Syria? Or certain other M:i.ddle East countries? He shrugged his shoulders 

and asked me in turn "How :i.nd.eed? I don't know ~r to that. 

But of this I'm sure as regards Siemens: They've sold some of their "'8~~6.. /\ 

OTT teleprintersf\~'b-. ~h~~&ls:V':t~.,!!. 

---......::::::...>1-~vi~ict:r 

6 
c. Mr. Hageli~ 1fn~ lj-lf~ reque~ted. I keep from 

his son Bdrls, Junior, unti:i." he himself' toJ.d him-:OtJia:t the· entire 

stockholm plant was to be m1)ved to ZUg early in 1958. The purpose is, 

he said, to integrate aJ.1 Hagelin operations and activities in one 

city, and Zug was best for him. He would try to keep in his employ 

as many of the Stockholm personnel as would be willing to move to 

Zug to work for hlll.. It was at this point that Mr. Hagelin stated 

that he had aJ.ready investei over $7501 000 in his ZUg plant and operations; 

- . 

that $500,000 of that amount came frail his capital; the rest came from 

profits which his business had earned in the past several. years and 

which he decided to plough back into the business. 

d. It was also at sane point in the conversation on this 

day that Mr. Hagelin told m.e that his son Boris, Junior, demanded and 

received a lump sum of' $25,000 as an .advance payment of the inheritance 

he is slated to receive. M:r. Bagelin added that since the son's arrival L ' 

in Washington another $5,000 was demanded and sent. Mr. Hagelin 

expressed some irritation a·t his son's financial conduct, saying that 

he bad bought a very expensive home and tvo automobiles; it was no 

wonder he was running short of money, but no more advance on the young 

man's inheritance would be sent him. 

~.. Mr. Bagelin told me that he regretted that he would not be able ... . 

to be with me after Tuesday evening because he·Wa.s scheduled to go to 

7 
REF ID:A60669 

Paris very early on Wednesday for a business conference with the French 

Interdepartmental. Cammi ttee on CJ:-yptography. He added that he expected 

the meeting to keep him in Paris the afternoon of Wednesday, all day 

Thur~ and part of Friday, that he had p~ed to be home lat~ Friday 

night, and that he thought he wo1lld have very interesting news for me on 

his return - that is, if' I shou.lli find it possible to stay and would accept 

his cordial invitation to stay in Zug and await his return. After a 

moment's thought I concluded that it would be advisable to do so: first, 

it would give me an opportunity to see some of' his new developments or 

... models and to discuss them with S"turtzinger and Mr. Nyberg, Hagelin' s 

manager-of-works; second, it wouJ.d give time for a detailed visit through 

the Hage1in p1ant; third, I could perhaps discuss the radiation matter 

and al.so the Bonn decision with these two gentl.em.en and might l.earn more 

than had been told me by Mr. Hagel.in and by Mr. Barl.ow,; fourth, the news 

Mr. Hagelin thought he would br:l.ng back from his visit to Paris might be 

of' considerabl.e interest; and l.a.stly, perhaps I would l.earn more about 

Hagelin's plans as a result of the Bonn decision or about his future pl.ans 

for his business as a whol.e. I therefore accepted his invitation to stay 

until his return. My decision and acceptance of his invitation later turned 

out to have been a good. thing, as I learned considerably more fran. Mr. Hagel.in 

than would have been the case had I not stayed on. 

3T !!:,.• The next day, Tuesday, 24 September was spent in further leisurely _. 

discussions with Mr. Hagel.in, during the course of which the following items 

of interest in this report are set forth bel.ow. 

8 
REF ID:A60669 

0COP eE:GPE:l 

b. I asked Mr. Hagelin if he knew whether or not the Bonn decision 

referred to above was in writing. He said he could not give a positive 

answer, either negative or afti:rmative; he didn't think it was. "But," 

he went on, "The Siemens peopJ.e told me that they 

~~ ~ told that new 

security regulations were being or had already been " drafted but ~ l\not yet ~ 

acted u;pon. They will be acted upon presumably after the e1ection, in 

which Dr • .Adenauer is almost sure to be re-appointed. The Siemens people 

were told that the new regulations might change the whole picture and bring 

about a new situation. ~ 

c. I queried Mr. Ha.gelin a.gain as to wmatile:z: Siemens"'fted:-A•al~ -~ ""f/11 OTT te1eprinter equipnents and if so, did he know to wham they had been 

sold. "To Jugoslavia, for sure; and I suspect also to Egypt. I think they 

sold some to India, too." When I expressed astonishment at the saJ.e to 

Jugosla.via, since it seemed to 111e to belong to the Sate1li te category 1 he 

said: "That sale was made a year or more ago, when relations between 

Jugoslavia and the u.s.s.R. were not so good as they are at present. Well, 

.I guess one could still sey- that Jugoslavia is no satellite of the u.s.s.R. 

isn't that so?" I told him I d:Ldn't really know. (In any case the sale to 

Jugosla.via was con.finned by Mr. Nf.Y'berg the next day 1 when I visited the 

Hagelin laboratories. ) 

d. I asked Mr. Hagelin whether Siemens had developed a key-tape generator .. 

for sal.e to their customers who purchase their CY.l'r teleprinter equipnent. He 

told me that Siemens were making a tape generator for the Bonn Government but 

according to a design and specifications by Dr. Huttenhain. Hagelin didn't 

know its characteristics, except that it wasl.__ _________________ __, 

t;ype. When I asked what the other Siemens customers would use to manufacture 

9 EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

0COP SEGRE:) 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

key tape, Mr. Hagel.in said: "Well, I su;ppose at first they will produce 

them by hand--punching the keys <>f a keyboard perforator. But Siemens is 

going to make tape generators of a type I am developing. In fact, I expect 

them to make generators for my custaners, of course acco:rding to my design 

and development. My prototype is a.Jlll.ost finished·." 

e. I asked whether Siemens had any com;peti tors in Europe iE:o:::::am. 

making and selling OTT teleprinter equipnent. Mr. Hagelin stated that the 

Lorenz Company were competing but their/equipnent is usu.aJ.ly much more 

~~ewg~~ 

expensive tha.nl\the equivaJ.ent Siemens equipnent. He understood that Lorenz 

was still in the develOIJD.ental stage/as regards their OTT generator; the 

product of their first attempts was/ not good. When I asked about other 

competing fimsJMr. Hagelin said. that the Italian Olivetti Canpa.ny "'/:.~ 

putting out/ OTT teleprinter eq}liIJD.ent ~~ and generato.;:>but he didn't kn.ow much about 

them / I\. 

/except what can be gathered :f.'rotl1 an adve;t"l;ising leaflet. OMI, he said, was 

- -

still "playing around" with t]1e:tr of'f•line cipher machine. 

f. I asked what he tho.ugh·!; were his prospects :for se1ling his new . /\. 

ti Mr. Hagelin stated that he was of the opinion ______ ___. ~ ~ ~·.;;td 

that he would sell enough of' them. to get back~ development .. eoetsA'or- it-. 

~~ solD. ~;;:: ~~ ~~ that these·,;,.., sold to the French t 

for study. I expressed seme-litie~...o~he financial prospects for this L ..P 

~ ~ ~d·~~e. ~"1~ •• ~ ~ ~ ~1'° .. 'l'\.C..\'" ~ ~ f""Q~ devel.opment beeause-~bable~hi~--of-the...mmmi~ none of' I\ /\.. 

the Eur.opean Governments coul.d a.f'f'ord. to ~many such ma.chines. Mr. Hagelin 

v 

ma.de no comment on my remark. It was my feeling at the time that he was 

continuing this devel.opnent mo:i:-e out of pride and a detezmination to produce 

a good off-line machine than i'c>r financial returns he might garner tor this 

development. 

10 

0COP e~CRElJ 
.. REF ID: A:6~ 6~8 3.:?(h)(2) 

fOP SECRElJ Pl.>86-36/50 USC 3605 

g. We talked once more about the testing o:f' his\.new rotors. I had 

asked Mr. Hagelin the first time he boasted of having put a circuit through. 

~bat voltage --~~~~~~~~~~~~"'il:~~~~~'ffk,,.-~-·· . .,..-.... ~l!!:!~ 

was being used f'or this testing and he/\ replied that he _did not k~But 

today he told me that he had inquired about this point and now had an- answer ~ 

~Only " 24 volts.r yet the current on each transit\.went through ~J 

ro be """" _.,,, cxe th<. sbmdna f /}..k ~~ ~ ~;.. ~~ l I ~ 1-f 

h. Th.esubject of the~TELEX communication system came u;p. I ci'anmented "(.E'~~ 

that I thought that the use of OTT teleprinter equipnent in TELEX communications 

boded no good for off-line cipher machines because of the lower cost of such 

equipnent, its simplicity and ease in use, its security, etc. Mr. Hagelin 

~A,;c1l,, S"f 

agreed with my view (but seef\"Dl!law for camnents on this point by Messrs. Nyberg 

and Sturtzinger). I asked Mr. Hagel.in abo~~ ':t: servicing of • 

' - ~ ~~~/\ equipment for TELEX communicaticJns, just to ~what he would say" He gave 

the obvious answer: Since in Europe the telephone and telegraph services 

are operated by the government, maintenance would be by government servicing 

men, and that such servicing wo11ld include 1ooking a.t'ter the tel.eprinter 

machines.(w1-.r ~'<t~> i~,~~ r~~ 

i. I referred to his statement yesterday that Siemens had sold sane .J 

OTT teleprinter equipnent to the Egyptian Government and asked Mr. Haselin 

if he knew what agency or department of the government was concerned. He 

-

stated that lie thought it wa~ f•:>r internal. use by the Egn>tian .Arm:y but 

maybe sane of it was for the Foreign Office. He added quizzicall.y that I 

ought to be in a better position. than he was in respect to the latter 

question. 

11 
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REF ID:A60669 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

fOP SECRElJ PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

j • Referring to the possib1e saJ.e by Siem.ens of\ OTT te1eprinter 

equipnent to the Indian Goverm1ent, Mr. Hagelin said he thought that i~ 

government was in a good position to manufacture tape because, he said, 

they had lots of IBM machines. I said I didn't see that \IBM equipnent 

would· .be practical. for producing tape; Mr. Ha.gelin said that the cards 

could have ho1es for rand.an 1etters and then you wouJ.d print up sheets of 

those letters; finall.y, sane clerk would use these sheets to\punch up a 

tape on a keyboard perforator. I camnented that it seemed a round-about 

~- ~~ ·~~ wa:y of getting,#\ tape for a ~ 1ria.chine. (l ~ Q--

k. When I talked with th•~ people in ASAE at Frank:t'Urt1 I was told 

. -

about a certain Willi Reichert who ha.cl been saJ.vaging and selling same of 

the Worl.d War II Gezma.n. gehe1m.1schreiber machines to the French ("Tunny", 

"Sturgeon", "T-52e", etc.). I asked Mr. Hagelin if he knew a ''Willi Reichert". 

"Yes, but not personally and un:t'avorably--he sells to both sides, the \Westem 

or Nato countries and also the Satellites." Mr. Hagelin went on to say that ~~ao)..~ . 

/\Reiche~?; had sane sort of a se!::ret, c~e ~ ~ which he gets these ol.d 

t:Ji,,,)~..e..r~J~~ -- - --- .. SielAens machines.:a.t;~s su;pply has practically run out. 

1. Mr. Hagel.in said that the Siem.ens people had him to thank for the 

Bonn decision which permitted ·them to sell their OTT teleprinters to all 

except u.s.s.R. and its Sa.tell:ltes. I asked how that came a.bout. He answel"ed: 

~ ifNL"';;I 

with Siem.ens. I suppose my needling ca.used iifte....U..S.- to have the Bonn Government do sanething which would make things 

" 

easier for "~- s:i~ens to get business) 

ilJl. this in turn ~ hel~me because I have an agreement with Siemens 

-- - 12 
.. REF ID:A60669 

fOP SEGRE) 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

-pl 86-36/50 USC 3605 

according to which they are tc> sell oti:cy- OTT equiJ;IJ1¢nt but no off-line 

mschines, wher] in;;:::::::=-; ''""'~l'!/Y~on~ them." I did n qui e o r" :ll8 bu decid.~o drop the subject. 

f~~~ . m. Lieut. Colonel .Arnau:i,, -e:f o(;he .. ~ with whan Hagelin 

/\ . - -· ____ Q.j~ 

~ 

had dealings fq~, several year1:J in regard to French ~orders for Hagelin equ:Lpnent 

'fA.M. Lt)~ \o'l..o ~~ ~ t~ C.,~~ ..... ~ ~. I 

Vwas gone,( '1re was sent to du1:;y w:l.~ troops because he was so i"~ecisi ve 

about what he wanted or shoul.CL do in regard to cipher equipnent. He just . ~- .. _ .. 

couldn't seem· to make up his z11.i~so his superiors got him out of that . - -

.-

Commi~s:Lon .sl_u Chiffre. . He was replaced "!r.f a Col.qnel Ribadaud-Duma.s. And 

~ 'd~k.~i-t.-~~~ ;..+.~~~,.._.> incidental.q, A Colonel Verkuyl:~ of-~~ ~tch Army 1 wa~- repl.8.ced a coupl~ of _ _ _ 

years~~ by a Colonel. sc~Jk." ( ~ ~ ka.,.v..a ~~ }w"fS"vt.. ~ t<~p~_,~~.i:.l...NS~s~t~.) ~-H~~~.J-,.n. 4~~ The next day( Wednesc~ay! ~5 _se~~b~r~was_ ~pent in visit:lneJltli&uy /~. :.. 

I -- - . 

Hagel.in pmces, l.aboratories ~ work~op~,. and in talking with Messrs. t .. I: 

,, Nyberg and Sturtzinger. Princ::ipal items of' discussion and of' apparatus - - -- ........ ;. 

viewed are set forth below: 

\b,. For several yea:rs now the Hagel.in firm has been working on a 

modification of the c-type m.a.c::hines so as to make them operate with perforated 

tape (OTT encipherment) inste1n of with pin-wheel and drum-bar mechanisms. 

(NSA has tried, too 1 but I am not cl.ear as to how successfUJ. its own attempts ho..vtl. ~a · -Uu;1 l-o IM.~~~ o-{t ~ Here the idea was to "~rF-.able -'to -use the large stock of Converter M-209 

machines in storage depots.) At the He.gel.in l.aborator.y I was shown a oe,~ C-1~ ~-.&4 ~di.4.o~ 

working mOdel. of such a modif:l.ed c-type :Dia.chine. With the A new C-52 or 

CX-52 machines, the pin-wheel. assembly can be removed and repl.aced rather 

readiq; when removed, the new canponent for taking a perforated tape can 

be inserted and the machine is ready for use as an OTr machine. This, of 

course, is true also of the keybo~-operat~ c-52_ or CX-52 machines, since 

. . i3' ~ 

!OP qiccRS) --
REF ID:A60669 

0COP eE:GPE:l E03.3(h)(2) 

Pl 86-.36/50 USC 3605 

the new Hagelin electric key1:1oard is designed. so that it nil take a C-52 

or CX-52 as its crypto-elem.ent. The modi:f'ica.tion of the J.a.tter machines 

:l'o:...ll'l'T~ amiears to be neat apa of~~~,(:;}~~ Jl... C. ~. I was shown thewrk b&"nch on w. ich the new rotors were - undergoing test, as described. above. 

to the output statoi• 

~ cl. 

- I was taken on a tour through a11 other parts of' the J.aboratories, 

machine shop and offices. The plant a.s a whole is now at least three times 

) 

as large as it was when I visited it in February of 1955· Everything and . 

- ~~--ll~+~ evecy ~e~ seemed to be spotlessly cl.ean and the whole place"~wjMfe\l~ 

1-.· -~ ~~i8A~..J o.M.d... ~ 1' ref'J.ectio~of quiet, A efficien1; direction. 

Y..!: We proceeded next to Mr. Nyberg's office for a taJ.k: and it was 

then I l.earned for the :first time about the three slightly different versions 

of machines in the several categories of Hagelin machinEB in Eroduction or 

unde~ devel<?l!!,e:.::-(This~be ~~d~tail ;:ter in .this 

0

-- re;:,;) ~ --------~ 1 

filt~he fact that Hagelin was planning to put out three different versions 

of his new machines astonished me greatly, as Mr. H~el.in had no~ made a .. 

~ 1 ~..!.~~~~~;~ single reference to this in a:'-1 ~f' the.,taJ.k:s we had.A ~-.be. -u 

~ ~~ told Mr. Barlow,aiBMtt·tl>i ~ ~~a..-d- ~e±ilh&~-Nyberg /ftJM)~ .9~ ~~ or Mh·~lt3~~~ StUrtzinger ""'IKaM<Be.rl.OW ~ 

~ . ~~~Q· 14 ~ 
b. The discussion now took the form of a sort of lecture by 

Nyberg and St~zinger to /acquaint'-me with the facts about electromagnetic 

radiation from crypto-apparatus, facts discovered by Siemens researchers 

and cOilllllunicated to the Hagelin firm. I "took it all in11 &.s though this was 1 

Mri.. ~~-u>--..R~ }~ "MfJ.. oJ.O.. ~ f\$4, ~ ~~i~' "~te m,A, .. ~ all new/ to m1. ,.... ~ quite clear that the Siem.ens ~e H~n \do() --....,,,~-

engineers know about all .forms or sources of intelligence from~ation of ~~ ~ 

( ~~~~ /."':~ ~ ~ COMINT ~em excep;~coustical~hrough gla!?S windows or thin wallsj ,..~ t, ~ ,0Ten in ~ case I cannot be certain that they do not know of this sourc:,i ~ ~ 

because it was not mentioned and, of course, I was not in a position to ask £ . -;/< 

the proper questio~. Nyberg did mention one form of acous~ical radiation-- ~~ · 

xa. ~uld be gained by focusing a large parabolic/l~;.te """"' i ~ J ~person speaking to anothei:, say in a box in the grandstand of' a football f E f, 

stadium. He also mentioned the fact that if' one was in close proximity to a i.'f~ 

teleprinter one could learn things from the sounds made by the relays as they ~J · ~ 

opened and closed. 

15 

OCOP 3ECRE1 

t \,., ·"' 

~t ~- t 
REF ID:A60669 

fOP SEGRE) EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL.86-36/50 USC 3605 

c. Based upon the discoveries made in regard to radiation, the 

a elin firm 

~ What Mr. Hagelin had told me on the first day of my visit, in 

regard to the Bonn Govermnent decision as to Siemens• sa1es of telecrypto 

(A.. .q;;x-~ 

apparatus ~s repeated by Mr. Nyberg. He added t)!)i.e information.)however-' ~ ~ ~~ ~ '-i ~ J.\.~ ~ I\ 

~ Hagelin firm was- 511P.P0Seti7'to apply for and z-e ~ the Swiss Governtc ment export licenses for the ~te::nai f!b~pnent of,.._ equipment made in SWitzerland. 

~1s~~ra.l rule this requirement~ not enforced. l'Tb.ey most often " - - ' . winktll' their eyes, but every once in a while Mr. Hagelin has trouble on this 

score. 11 I asked about the curre::l-: SWedish Govermnent ~l±C?Y in regard to 

~rt lice~ses/\. ~ )~ ~Mr. ~).w.12, Ny'Derg did ~ not quite 

Jv o.+1~ get the ~ 

drift of my question..)~ 

{!Jflt. replied somewhat as follows: "The Swedish Government has no control over 

the shipment of our OTT equi:pment made in Switzerland, of course; but we 

conform to the wishes of the Swedish Government ~ly in consideration of 

JAG~~~ iAbio t:lo...>-

our obligation as patriotic&redish c tizen~ . .'~o do/\what they wantAand not do what 

they don't want us to do." 

e. I asked whetheJ:• the rules imposed upon the Siem.ens firm by the - • ~ T - I 

Bonn Government were also imposed upon the Lorenz or other Germ.an firms~. ~E"C~ . (j 

Mr. Nyl¥erg' replied that he supposed they were all treated the same wa:y. 

" "But Lorenz has been trying hard and pushing the sales of their equipnent, 

though their prices are not only considerably higher than Siemens but also 

16 

WOP SECRElJ 
REF ID:A60669 

their products were not as efficient as Siem.ens' products. 11 

f. I discussed with Mr. Nyberg his estimate or prognostications for - the sale of their new off-line rotor machine the developnent of which is 

nearly camplete. I said that it seemed to me that the trend was now away 

from off-line apparatus and toward on-line teleprinter cryptographic machines. 

He countered by stating: "I Am ~the contrary ~'t.:toa,~Jmrei'F: 

in talking with mill tary people in various countries. They feartl that . dependence upon on-line wire-circuit teleprinter systems~ "'° very dangerous; 

paratroopers could put camnunication lines out of order veey easily and then 

what would camnanders do for communications?" I conceded the truth of the 

contention if the apparatus is worked over standard. wire lines; but it doesn't 

apply in the case of radio teleprinter communications. "However," I continued, 

"I think your 

~ 

rotor machine is going to be too expensive for your customers' 

financial ab~lity. I assume that one unit will cost around $31 00_9, though this 

~~,) could be much less; in case la.rge numbers of machines could be produced and sold. " 

" ~~~ 1{..M- Mr. llyberg countered: ''Your estimate of $3,000 is too high. Jmyhw,~ if we 

produce a first-class machine we sha.l.l not l.a.ck customers." 

6. The following sub-pe.ragraphs surmnarize the most important points 

,, covered in conversation with Messrs. Nyberg and Sturtzinger in regard to forth:-

cam.ing developments and new E!quilJD.ent! 

~· The Ha.gelin T-~i5 ( cryptoteleprinters) machines will be ready 

for sale early in 19,58. They are nla.king an initial series of 30, and these 

will be of three types as regards the degree of security afforded by them: 

(1) Type I {or Category 1) - Ma.chines for the West or Westoriented count1•ies. This includes NATO members and countries 

friendly there1~o. These machines will be the very best that 

17 
REF rr-;l;Rf~69 .E0~:3(h)(2) w '--'' '-'L-'--'' ,L-" PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

~~A.Cr. 

/agelin· can produce; I = 

I ..... ------------...J'~will embody all the 

flexibility, as regards usage, that Hagelin\has worked out,. 

(2) Type II (or Category 2) .. Machines for the Friendly 

Neutral Countries. Machines of this category 

and are not so flexible as Category 1. ...._ ___________ __, 

'. - machines. The countries bel.onging to or fal.ling in this category 

are not yet firmly fixed in mind. Finland might be considered one 

such country. 

-/?>~~~ (3) Type III {1:>r Category 3) - These machines arel\third best in~ 

Hagelin model.. They are 1 .... _____________ _.Pm lack 

flexibility. Cc>untries of doubt:f'ul. orientation or countries 

leaning toward the U.S.S.R. block fall. in this category: Indonesia, 

India, Egypt, and all. Near East Countries. 

b. Literature corresponding 

~ 

to these thl"ee different types or 

categories accanpanied the~~~ summary of this detail.ed. trip report, dated 

1. November 1~57. The literature is referred to in ;paragraph 3 of the aforementioned summary and formed J:nclosure 5 thereto. The different brochures are 

lt. )) 

distinguishabl.e only by secrei; marks printed thereon. 

c. With regard to iihe ''pocket machines", •. type! "CD", I learned that 

~dM.cl here again more than one model was to bell.sold. The co .. 55 (in a green case) 

is saleabl.e to all countries 'f:;hat have the old c-type machines,, such as c-381 

c-4116, M-209..)~ j The- CD-57-~• the newest 

model of the ~ f and c~~f<?r 

OTT operation. This model is to be sold only to NATO or NATO-friendly countries. ,_ ~· 

It is of interest to note that whereas the CD-55 is in a green case, the CD-57 

J.8 
.. - --

REF ~D_ :.A§O 6~8 3_3(h)(2) 

0COP 3~:3~_61 PL-86--~6/50 USC 3605 

-

is in a gray case; 1'ib this seems to be the sole difference between the two 

models so far as 11the outside·r11 ca:n tell. In other words, although cr,yptographically the two models a:i:•e qUi te differen~ they iook\ quite alike externally 

except as to color of case. The "s~gment 11, that is, the Pe.rt which is pushed 

to operate the device, is dif'ferent in the two models; anil this difference can 

. ' 

' 

only" be seen by taking the ma.chines ape.rt;. .. ...... I ... ,,..-, - LW£.-C - ......... WC_ 4WC t& c~.~~,"1 "4::l ~~;t--~) d. As noted above, the CD-57 can be used with a one-"bime tape. The - . ~ 

tape-reader is inserted in the space occu;pied by the key-wheel assembly; the 

latter canes out quite readily. 

e. There is one ad.di tional important difference between the OD-55 

and the CD--:57. , 

the 

~ 

c4/Hr d~vices,~ ~ ~t~ ~,~U N~~iWw .... ·· ~~w~ ~ ~~~. - - . (j c 

i. Mr. Nyberg told _me_ that he lJ,ad been recently on a visit to ~ r 

Belgrade and I gathered. that he had either sold o:r:had. tried to 1el1 the 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

19 

0COP eE:CREl 
REF ID:A60669 

[OP eE:GRE:] 

~ 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

Jugoslav Government same of ~ 01'!' equ:ipnent. He\ told \me on.ly that J:ie saw 

(the Jugoslavs had shown him) an order to Siemens for. their 01'!' mixer and 

-k c~ ~ -("""-' i~ tt-1 Ol\. A. ~~ ... •.: _ 

teleprinter ma.chines; but ..,.,... was.-D'de ·to» some c-52 t:v;pe machines (not A \ \ \ -

cx-52)t:o ~ J'1J~• ~-

j. Descriptive ]j_terature_ on the new Hagelinl\ta.pe \generator is in 

preparation. The developnent of the generator has been\ completed but\.there 

still remains ~~~ the design"-of the ;~f 

~~· :c9'Se~'i 

k. The "BY''ma.chine wi~ be ro~ like the CX ty,pe machine but 

- The\ keyboard 

and base will be the same as the present Hagelin keyboard E!.D.d base uni.t/ but 

will be modified for high-speed operation. This BY ma.chine can be developed 

and produced rather quickly because all the canponents are already available. 

can be determined 

Work 

on this machine is now being given first priority at the pl.ant. 

2:: An interesting feature of the proposed new Hagelinjelecrypto machine 

(~-57) is its f'1exibility in usage. ~e~e are 8 different ways of using it 

20 
REF ID: A6El669(h)(2) 

0COP SECRE1 PL86-36/50 USC 3605 

and I was given a diagram showing thesE! 8 ways. (The diagram accompanied 

~ 

- h - - - - _J -~"' • • \ - ' ·-._ • • ""-

report ~6November 1957) •. _- ~~ ~~rl ~f. fl~~i~t~_ .in U:s~g~ - . -

rated in other H Jin machines one interestin w is to 

assembly, for example). This sort of 1•hing was termed "stretching out the 1 TT 

one-t:i.me•key tape. " 

m. I asked who thought up the idea of having different categories 

of security for Ha.gelin equipnent and was to~ that this was ~.lby 

their friends in NATO. They had, of ccmrse, no official ~t'o:.t.-\4.. IX'!br.n1:a-r•arhnA11 

~ 

~ with,.French, 

~ 

Belgian, Dutch j~riends-- ~ ~ .. : 

~~ 

... ~ ~-- - 0 ~--. • (~ ~ " ~~ ·. ___ [~ ~ When I asked if Siem.ens was g:f.vingl Ito 

different customers in regard to protec:tion against radiation, the answer 

was sketchy--the Siemens fim is very Esecretive about such things and there- . - I I - fore Hagelin, Nyberg and Sturtzinger ktLOW li ttJ.e )if anything >in regard to 

this point. 

i)' !:; 

'-" 

On Friday morning, 'Z7 Sepi;em.ber, I resmned my ta.J..k.s with Mr. .u "-" 

: . taeL ML ~~~oJl<.'11\A.A Hagelin, he having returned from Paris sooner than had been expected. He~ad\) d ft... 

ll'A. ~ ~ . c:x I\ 

received/\..an order from the French Government for about $250,000 for~ and 

teleciphering machines, these being fo1: the Army, .Air Force, and Foreign 

Office mostly; a. few telecipheril!S ma.chin~s "!ere for the Navy. 

~WQ..~\...~~ !!_: Mr. Hagelin/\.discussed br:f.efl.y his "Gentlemen's .Agreement" with. 

the French. He was told that while the!y could of' course apply neither legal 

nor moral pressure at all, they would "be grate:f'ul. if he would refrain from 

2l. 

0COP SECRE1 
•' 

' 

It:"• 

..: 

. h ~ 

, . . 

REF ID:A60669 

.• 

'. 

. ... 

·:i ·.~: ·• ·' • 

.. --·-..... _. . ... _ ... .. '- ___ .... ' 

--., ·1..\_.,.="'·~~r.:;_",,, - • •• .r• ... 

·- , - -· ·- ... 

. ,. ........... • I 1..,,L. - -

. . 

- ..... ~· 

.. ' •-'.r .... 

. _.. " 

-- .... -. -.. ~--

• .. 

. . ') . 

~ . 

-- a r-· 

.. 

..... 

. . 

. . . 

- .. .. . 
·. .. . REF ID:A60669 

0COP SEGRE) 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

Pt ~6-36/50 USC 3605 

selling to all Arab countries, especially Egypt, any of hi.s ex machines 

or any of his OTT generators. He . co~, if' he w:tshed., sell .his c-type 

machines; also his OTT attachments for working them.)f:!O long a.s did not sell~ 

any of his~ O'l'r generators; in fact, he could sell his old (and 1m;perfect) 

generators. (I took this to refer either to his ball-bearing aJ.1-mechanica1 

genera.tor, or to his f'1rst m~J. eJ.ectronic one.) ..... ,,,._ .et & _ ""-

~,,~~~ a-'...::J 'l~ · .. !:..· Mr. Hagelin ~~8..-&il.¥ a~though the French asked.him 

to refrain from selling certa.in.~f his products to Arab countries, they at 

least gave him some orders for llis equipnents 1 orders in sigo.if:i.ca.nt quantities, 

not just one or two, as did the u.s.,L..1 _______ ·______ ·_· __ ___.I 

him. 

I I . ~ A French Company, Compa.gnie Industr:LeJ. Telephoniqu.e (C.I.T. ), 

had developed an electronic OTT key generator but this firm was unable to 

guarantee a delivery date short of two years fran now--and the French 

Government was in a hurry; it could not wait that long. .pf.a A. 6-. 

~ llogelin has a contract; with Siemens whereby ~~n furnishes 

O'l'r generators to Siemens. Since the Siemens firm is presently permitted 

to sell.to all countries except the u.s.s.R. and its satellites, and since 

Siemens does not have to tell Hagelin to whom. the Hagelin OTT genera.tors a.re 

to be d,<:livered, it is Ellai.ly possibJ.e that the new Hagelin generators could 

wind u;p in countries where we (the U.S.) would not care to have such machines 

in use. ~~· is an ~t point to note~ i~e,.that there 

is nothing the U.S. can do about.~ unless it be to urge the Bonn Government 

to institute as soon as possible and to enforce the proposed new security 

rules :uegarding sal.es of such eqill.pnent • 

. 22. 

0COP eE:CRE:l 

.. -
REF iD:A60669 

f. Mr. Hagelin sta.ted that the French seem to be aware of the 

- dangers of electromagnetic radiation from teJ.eprinter equiIJllent, but that ..,._ A . 

/Jtwvu.. ut ~· J+t.. ~Q..1-. t~ 10 ve. Ao 

they really weren't too knowledgeable about tbfs~ecause they had ~sted 

certain Hagel.in equipnent and had passed it as not dangerous frail the point 

of view of radi~, whereas he: (Hagelin) knew that that equipnent was 

not provided withf\.the anti-radiatio~ protection which the Siemens fim. had 

found necessary. 

g. The ex machines for the French will be ready for delivery in 

- 3-4 months; the teleciphering machines in 4-5 months. 

h. Mr. Hagel.in sta.ted that he had heard from three different 

sources that the Americans and the British had alleged that be had sold CX-tY.Pe 

~ t>l?..f~ machines to ~ ol! or new customers who wanted~~· This, he vehem.entJ.y 

averred, was not true. When he tried to trace these allegations to their sources.>~ 

/l~~e was unsuccessful and therefore he was going to dismiss them from his min~ as .... - -- . . well as the tales that the Americans and "!!he Britiajl ha.d made derogatory comments 

about the security of the Hagelin equipnents. I asked Mr. Hagel.in whether it 

might not be possible that some competitor started such rum.ors and derogatory 

- ~4'4!: statements about his apparatus. Hagelin said "That could not be so..>:f.lel! l aknow 

~~ 

~no c~eti tors in the business I am in; certainly not as regards the manu.facture ~-~fW.o.c.~~M ~M~~,w.t'H~~> 

of machines of the C and crx.-type,.tftl I said: "Well, how about Willi Reichert, ,.. " ~ . . for instance?" Mr. Hagelin speedily rejected Mlch·-M idea~.\- ~~Q;r-~ .Be- ~~A.._ OJ.) o... eo--·~~ ,_ ~ OM I, 'hto ,ot..~i. ~\~- ...__ · \J i. Mr. llagelin told me during this con~rence t'!.at while hE. waB~ i\, 

away on his ::.ip Mr. Nyberg had made a sale of $50,000 worth of equipn.ent to 

a new customer. I did not ask who 1 t was but I suspected :hat it was Jugoslavia. ~ 

~ 

t it 

23 
REF ID:A60669 

j • Mr. Hagelin confided. that he had original~ contemplated putting 

- - out only two categories of his ~quipnent~ as regard the security they were to 

afford. But it seemed that during the time he was in SWeden in the summertime 

" . - of this year Sturtzuger and Nyberg established three categqries, which, he 

-i..t. P~.J himself' thought, would be one too many. Two categories') would give sufficient - . k. 

problems)in keeping track of which customer got what.~. 

k. I asked Mr. Hagelin if while in Paris he had seen Colonel Black. 

(Mr. Hagelin had told me some time ago that he knew Black and of his organization). 

' "Not this time, 11 he said. It :Ls clear therefore that Black's influence works 

through the interdepartmental q~ittee on cryptography, since Mr. Ha.gelin had 

on this visit received a rather large order in a very few hours' visit with the 

members of that committee~~~~) ~ ~ ~ ''k1~ ~'\(~~. '1.~~. ' --~--- -- -- -1. An interesting note related by Mr. Hagelin during our conference 

this day: He had been told of "an amusing episode". The Belgians had asked 

the Luxembourg Army people why they didn't use the new .American cipher machines 

during a very recent NATO exercise, and "they kidded them about this". "But'~ 

~Ct . 

Hagelin went on to say; ~ during that exercise there was lots of rain and the 

only cipher communications during the maneuver were those of the Luxembourg 

\) 

forces -- they were using the Hagelin C-type machines! 

/ 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

24 
REF_ ID:A60669 

treated tu.rther on in this report. 

,,-..... 

9 f a. OUr conference was resumed on Saturday, 28 September, sitting ''--

in the Hagel.in garden in bright, warm sunshine (the first day/of such weather 

in the whole week). It was an opportune time~~ M:rt. Hagel.in several. 

more questions. 

. -· .. - . ' 

-

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

25 
REF l;D; A6°: 669EO 3_3(h)(2) -

0COF' 3ECRE1 PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

b. First, what about th•:!_ fut~e of his son Boris Junior in the 

- -

affairs of C:rypto A.G.? He answered: "If he proves himself in. the U.S. and 

1earns what he shou1d 1eam, it is possib1e that he might be able\to take over 

the whole business some day in the .future--but not.the near future. As a 

matter of fact, I've been thinking of merging my business in or with Siemens. 

Then they could take over the headaches which I now have in dealing with\my 

customers under the handicaps imposed by limitations and restrictions as 

to vhcrn I can sell what machines. I'm tired of being the only whipp:!.ng bey.•·(~ 

c. Second, what could he do to stop Boris Junior from putting out \ · 

instructional literature about c ic communications the use of 

insecure crypto-equipnent, and t E~ faulty use of good equi!Jllent? I\. To this 

Mr. Hagel.in answered: "I should i~hink your authorities would be in a better 

position to control this sort of thing than I. After al.l., he is in your 

country and I am here, in SW1tzer:Land. 11 I said: "Boris has been calling in 

person at every legation and embassy in Washington and I suppose he is 

11educating 11 some of them. I know he put out one document that we're not happy 

about. 11 To this Mr. Hagelin commented: "He should cal.l only u;pon Central 

and South .American countries. But, of course, he ma;y be cal.led to do repair 

and maintenance work on our equipment in the_ 1egations and embassies of countries ,., ~~~ 

other than Central and South .Am.e:t"ican and that) is o.k. ~New York repair and (\ .,.. - maintenance man (~rchie Johnson) is sometimes to; f:r awa;y for a job that 

must " be done without any delay. 11 I did not pursue this subject any further -

1 ~~tL ~~ _l ask wh~taer he ~ _a.:.nY Sl>ecial word or mess~e he wished mp .to convey ) ~ "'Vf"""" ~''- PJU- ~ ~ ll'e.llll.-.J~~ i-o ~ ~~ ~~.(..A~. 

to Boris Junior? /\t None~ he said/'_.~_c_e~ tha: ~~wanta& to wish him well. in his 

Q )) 

business and hopef that he can make a good thing of it. Mr. Ha.gel.in added by 

26 
-WP"iD~ · A60 669 1=0 3.

3(h)(2) ~ • PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

t I 

~~T way of comment that his /\difficulties with~ son began right after the ~ to ~W'OA~ marriage~ Edith, the American wife- who had brought him and Mrs. Hagelin /k~ 

~ 

~ /\. ~f!J..\~ -tf.J ~. /.J,dll) ~ tz-rlng family problems. ~:t:"b-.er:·l.e!fmed- fr.om Mr. Hagelin/' ~· ~ 

~ returii.~ Europe from a visit to America in the Spring \pf 1956j iblit;J. had 

told them that Boris Junior was homesick and "would love to \come. back to 

Switzerland, but Edith is opposed to this idea. 11 

~,}.~~~.a'f:~t~kt~~!~f1r~d'~ e...Af,,....~ ¢1.y cot.._:r.d.th. DP..-~ -n\vell., crypto-equipme/i~ and corninlh'rl.c!tions equipmen~ 

~t'1.~ s line. Especially not in regard to teleprinter. equipm.en.t. " " , . - . ' 

That's r~t in ~em.ens' line." 

~ ~i~=- note,J:~~. Ha.gelin told me during this conference 

,... 

that) because of technical difficulti.e' ~ii.:iJlf ving up the CY-type motion 

and machine; the firm was going to use[ \ I ~.(~)~ 

machine I\• ...> '· _ 

"::;Xt.'?-Arrother .. 1.mports.nt-·noti:--... he had very recently conceived\of a way 

of making his pocket machine (CD) ~>out one-half its present size.\ It could 

be just a bit bigger than a ack of kin -size ci arett~ J2 "t~. l~ 1 

') ~ ._____ _____________ ______, 

\ '-\....' '" "1 , H:'..t ej)~'-'\Pr>~ 

fi"OP 3ECRE1 ~~ 

- ").1 -