. . . • 

ta l'9 .,,11aatton of 

~'-'· r.s.a. .. sns.1 ... 11r.111, 

rtJ.e« "•· '· im, C1'7Ptoprllp1ale Appe.1"8'118 

811'1 

REF ID:A39512 

• 

Moir. IS, ROOll 189' 

Reaponalw to :i"atent. Otttoe .A.cHoa 4et.e4 Dee. S, 193?1 

it ta 4eatft4 to _..nc1 •• rct11owa: 

Ill •• .,.asrscnHoa, ,... 11 delete '1le •'*-" acaprld.Dl' ti. panrl'llph be8'-81DI wttla u.- 10 tbrovil11 to •u ml ti t• 

page ..C d• clel•te tho f'i~•t ...,.. 1111.•• or PBf'9 4. !'or tbe oenoellel 

mttttr .Utt tute 'he tollawl• 1 

wllen- tbe lacH,,ic!ual alphalleta or a .. , ot twn'Jl-•l• or more llizect otpher 

alpllR'bet• eN cauaed to preaent tberJ•el wa ror alpllierlng P'll"l!O•• ta • 

tlxal •q.aae 11nd t. 1• •...- 1• n1ular~ repeat1!4. ·1:hen fl: \:e1 oa 

U. .,.,__ 1• 4epre•ee4 •11' OM ot tm• olplld a1pba'beta, 11Dwwr, 

ta ael.eeW. 4\ll'SDI OH oamplaw pre•nt.at;t• of' Ge ~- of 111lpm'beta 

••• \be olJba• 1'98'1lttm• obtatMI .1ape114a .apoa U.. cdJllel' •l~bet '1111.t 

bu ...._ •l••W. ~· •19e•lon la •rte« aeocmUne to a wry long 

I~ apeekl ... tu foNplng Ol'JP\Op9pld0 Opfttl\loa 

1• acC011Pli•he4 ln PN•U•laa U. tnwnHaa in tbB tollowtng --1': -

pproved for Release by NSA on 09-30-2013 pursuant to E.O. 

13526 
REF ID:A39512 

• • 

!he rotor 3 aerTea AB •witch1r.~ nieana tor chanp,1nr the •bole 

aet ot \went7•aix connections bet~een the keyboard 1 And the bank ot 

indicating deTtce• 2. The rotor 1e cauae4 to rotate w1 th a c0J1ataut ·angulaJ' 

wloe1 t1 b1' the motor 93, and the tS• requirel tor the ro1Dr to Jll8ke .011• 

coaplet• :re10l11tion will here1natter be retM"n4 io a• the oparatin~ cycle • 

.a.a1N11tn1• R aystem einploying twent;r-a1x eleJ1-mte ( to correspond with the 

twentJ"-•1z lettera ot the !ngl.1ah alphabet ) rotor 3, 1n .m.atlng a complete 

reTOlutlon 1'111 paaa th:roUP,h twenty-atx an~le.r POll1 tlon.a, each oona1U1tag 

l/2&th or· thft tiMe l"ftquired tor thR rotor to complete on~ opp,reting cycle~ 

The op~Sfttin~ c7cl~ nay thel'P.tore be regarded aa being aubdi"t'lded into 

twenty-dz e~mAl timf!•intP-rTels ch1rin~ 1'hich a letter may be enciphered 

by the cryptorr'ftph. To ~ach or thaae time-inte~ala or anruler position• 

of the rotor, there cor.··e1ponda " cipher alphabet, that ta, a aet ot oonner.tiona b~t•ean t..lJ.e keyt;;>a:rd. and th• bank of 1nd1catiiig de'ftcea. Coo:rti• 

nated with the rotor 1• tbe distributor 4, ttboae bruah arm l& cftuaea b:ruah 

'13 to sweep owr tm twent7-aiz equal ae,,.nt1 of the face ot tile c11at:r1• 

butor a711cbroaous~ w1tb the rotation or tb.e rotor. The distributor cooper• 

atea wtth tt.e :i.-.eying mechanism to ~eiteraine which or ti1e cipher alphabet• 

will be aelect~1, thet is, •hicb ot thP. ~~enty-aix angular poa1t1ona ot the 

totor, or which ot the twenty-air ti ~-1aterYala, •ill be the one aeleotecl 

during A apecitic opernt1n! c7cle ~or eno1phBr1ng ( or 1~c1phl!tr1ng ) a 

letter. Thia 8etP.ct1on in ftach cAae T"rtea wtth the aucceaaiT8 operPtlng 

c7clea eccordinll: to ft cipher ke1 which 1a r>roducel b7 tb.ei ca-wheel cipherke7 mechnnism 5. ~ach dif"ffl!ren' one of the twentJ"-aix Ume-intena.la •ill 

yield A different reaultant tor the aeme letter ; theret"ore there ore 

2 
REF ID:A39512 

• • . . . 

twertt7-aix dirt'P-rent result~nta post:ible t"or P.RC:!"l lP-ttrr. ·. ·1thin the 

oper1-1t1 'IC cy-cln, t:hen a koy ot the keyboard ta ClepNsaed, the letter 

oorrespondinc to this key ia encipllerPd ( or decip~rttd ) by thRt one 

of the cipher alphabets which was selected in th~ Aforeptd lrlMnftr • 

.Arnnge.menta are r.mde !'or lock1ne up th.e !re;rboord ao t'hfl.t wbP.n e te7 

ia depressed not onJ.7 will ·a• aasocirited ke1}>oArd contnot be cloH4 

but alao it will re1'18in closed for one whole operating cycle and no 

other J:ey can be depresaed during tlmt aar:ie cycle. 'l'hua, keyboard 

opere.Uon ma1 be regRrdad as being rhyt.bn!c in char111cter fllnd may be 

pertol'!"l.ed 111.th a ceder.Ce a1~1lar to that in teletype o~P~tion. 'l'be 

o-per8tion Jr the k~j"or.rd reaulta in the action of thft responsi•• in• 

cUcat1ng devicea 2, ~h1ch MY print the cbr.rF1.ctera produce4 bf the ciphering op~rfltion in a rhytlunic manner. 'But 1 t is obT1oua tbet th.la cadence 

doea not ha""P. to be reprod11ced identicnlly by the openitor who 1R to 

deciphP.r mesaegPa for the CP."er.ce is not t:t nll Pn esBPntil'll pP.rt ot 

the !unct1oning or th9 npperatus. !n tnct, if ft clutch 111Pchr.nism .-:re 

pl"l)v11\el whereby t··e rotor And the distributor would only be started con• 

aequent upon the depression of any key 01" the keyboord, f!nc! would be 

stopped auto•tically at t!u~ end of thl'I operf'lting cycle, then tor each 

depression ot the ke7 the rotor ana th111 distributor brush am would 

atar\1 would make one complete re"f0lut1on, the letter would be encipbAred 

( or deciphered ) end upon completion or the raTolut1on both th~ rotor and 

the distributor brush al.11l would ato~. Thus, no cadence tn keyboari:1 oi>erat1on 

would be required, and operating speed would only be limited bf practical 

considerP.tior:s. 't'hfl forer.o1nr appal'fttus and its Oi1er1ttion ~ill now be 4eecr1bed in detail. - • 

3 
REF ID:A39512 

I 

\ • • 

:""'~Wff 7, line '1, ool'l'f'a\ "bench " to 1'9lrd - - bench • • 

~ l'lfft 10, 11• 2, change " ao " to J"ADd • - to - - ::r.ne. ;m~e, 

lnst li'lt1tt Ct>r:rect the epel'l'l.nf ::>f' "COD&tact " to 1"9f\c1 • - CODtflct • • 

J'ftf!'ft, line 3 Noa °'he bot tea 'before the wold '"oon tile'" At the end. ot 

'bft pa1;e, cn.r.cel .. a " 1tnd aubat1tut• - • Oll8 • "' 

~~'~t'" ir., 11 ne ~, cn:ncel ,. t4 '' 111:d a1bat 1 t11te - - 85 - - • • 

ttne ~1, cAnt'flll " 115 " 1tnd g11bati t.ute .. - l.16 • - ~ 1t·r. 4, r:Anattl 

" es "nnd :1ubat1 tute - - 8' - • ; t.1ne 10, cs ncel " 85 .. ,..nd subatitute - - 84 - - ; Line 11, cancel "a4 " end au,atitute - - ms - -

~r.col':{\Orntft th~ rotlo~inf nddittonal cl•l• : 

aubatr.n'tirll:r :ln tbn nanner and tor the purpoae herein described fltt4 

11.lustrf: te4 by the ncco~rsny1ng drf'~inga. 

The E:xaminor'• queriee AB to th~ mean1np of the ~xpreeaiona 

• time " 1 "time•intPr'ftl.la ~ • ftnd alao •• to th9 aiJ'lllticP.noe or 

t~o axpre•aton .. caden~" haw been n~ted ft:r.4 the Mtter 1naerte4 on 

pa'-9• 3 end ' or the apeotfioution will, U ia bel."eve4, clarity the 

mean.lag ena wi 11 othar•t ae siw a botter Wlderatand mg ot the opera:t1on. 

CerP. hR• bean tft'l(f"n to confine the 'lnae:rte4 mr.tt•r strictly to the d iaoloaure "nd to nvo14 new Sit Uer. 
..... 

REF ID:A39512 

• • 

~11 for·~r.l r.orrections 1-r. t.hf' ap~ctticJ:!t.1.on hr."fe been. 1111de an4 

·" 

the oontuaion in reference DUll9rela on p~g• l& baa ltke•l•• been recttfte4. 

·- 1th re aoeot to tbe cl1!11ma1 1 t 1a noted thrt tna rrcunda of 

1'9j~ctton ~o to clAArn8ae or dtaclooure in reapeot to th~ qu•ct1on ot 

oyolio pert"oNea.ae. The Rmpli tiftd m.~~tter direet~ 'to be S!I ae!'t~4 111. 

the apeoU'1cat1oa on pegea 3 an4 4 1• 1D'tand•4 to o.-rco• thia ,;rountl 

ot' objtitct!on. 

pa tents are not otted ea antio1pf\1i1ng 'h• claiu orte1nflll1 preaentd. 

In thft first pl.A.ce. the ,;wtent to '.".rede la in a 1WK>'te cla•• and doea 

not ap)>fMl.r to be pertinent. >.a to tbe otbllr petenta, ttnct P"rtiaulffr.17 

reterr1ng to the laat t1D, Tis: :r.och an.d 1Iebem1 tt ta eutticlea\ 

to call at Ltmtion to t!le ~net that the ap:pa:ratua in each inetrm.o• ia 

. pP.riodia ormeter·lik• in it• Opt"retion. none ot thftae pAtenta appeera 

to conflict and th~ cl~ima originally preaen'ted appn•r to fully 418-

t1nguiah fl'CID the known en. 

tbe fore~1rir. .• 

Rear~ottully aubnitted. 

Vi ei:'. ·····:ried'CIAn, 

BJ': 

Attorne:1a