• e 

e 

e 

• e 

Tb•a document la to be read only by those peraonnel oflieially indoctnnated in ~ordanee with eom• munication intelligence security reKUlations and autho1'1zed to receive the information reported herein. 

CRYPTANALYTIC MAOHINES IN NSA 

NSA-34 

30 May 1953 

Wheatley, LeRoy H. 

The first installment is complete on the job of writing a 

brief description of all analytic machinery in the Agency, 

whether past, present Gr projected. It includes 51 equipments, • r 

and later installments will add approx~mately 150 more machines, 

plus photographs of many of the equipments. To this will be added 

• 

a table of contents and index by the time the project is completed. 

Correotionn, addit1ona and comments are invited." 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 06-16-2014 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

r 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Fonn1 ~'-;JOSC TOP SECRET Ci's:NOE 

1 
• 

• 

TOP REF ID:A60928 

SECRET CANOE 

This document .. to be read only by thoue personnel oftieially indoctrinated in accordance with com- munication intelligence security regulation• and authorized to receive the information reparted herein. 

DESORIFTIOM OF ANALYTIC l.fACHHfl!ll{{ 

This is the first installment of a collectioi}; of ,machinery 

descriptions which will ultimately be a complete· Ii~ O:f"l"l~J.l crypt- -

analytic machines built by and for the JITational .SeeU.t.~.1 Aft.ency or 

. i ta prAdecessors. The purJJOse 1.s to provide a brief' set pf intro- .. . ,. ductory facts about each machine, and provide the analyst ~th a 

starting point for learnin~ any machine. 

Since 

invited to 

I 

these initial e):positions ere tentative, the reader i~ I , 

I I 

inform Roy Wheh~ley, ext. 5?.7 at ARS, of any errors or ... 

omissions noted. In linited detail, tho descriptions give the name, 

nature, purpose, origin1,:,if~ction, size, speed, location, and status 

of all equipments whe~he;r :i;>ast, present or currently projected, J>lus 

; ! I• I I ' , 

any further information considere~ important enou~)l to be included. ' I I 

I : : 

Plans call for a comple4 Tabfe of Contents, Index, and Glossary 

of Terms whe~ .the task is fi ll~ concluded. Logically, many minor I I 

I 

F,adgets and.simple co~structions ~re excluded for convenience and 

, clarity, but everything considered interesting o~ significant is 

included. · lnl.ei~ status, location and number, even their function may ! 

' and do change, so the date of 1

publications must be ta' :en as a guide 

in these respects. 

Mumbering and naming of machines has not always been adequate, 

so al.most every system of designation found, such as the BuSM.pa 

11X and OX" list, Army's· comparable "AX and APSAF11 list, local Maval 

11N and NO" list, etc., have been included to best in1mrc a.g.?.inst 

ar.1bieui ty. 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
• 

T 0 P iff. ~¥.Cilfi ~ AN 0 E ...., .A.:.# '-" .&. " .&.;.I .&. u 

Thia document ia to be read only by those personnel officially indoctrinated in accordance with com• munieation 1ntelligence security regulationa and authorized to receive the information reported herein. 

CRYPTANALYTIC MACHINES IN NSA 

.r, "". 

·Ma¥ 1953 

Most crypta.nalyllis r.educea to counting, comparing, rewriting, 

and referring. Ea.ch of these operations by itself is simple and 

easily done by the proper t)'J>e of machiner7. When there is need 

to do them in combinations, or especially if a choice of methods 

m'IU!t be made, mechanization is not so simple. For some operation• 

~..advantages of machines is evident. Some steps can be dona faster, 

more accuratel7, and with better organization by .machine. Theoretically with enough men and enough time anything a machine can do could 

be done by hand. But to do certaln very routine computations, auch 

aa that done by SUPERSCRITCHER, by means of a crew of thousands of 

people would raise tremendous personnel problem•, •o that it might 

be impossible to actually carry thi,out. The old joke about solving 

a. simple substitu~~pn b7 a crew of 26 factorial.Ohinamen 1• no more 

t~ a jok~ • 

. tr111n111935 :p~~cticall7 all cr11>tanal1sis,, both1 bf• the. <Nav7nqcl 

the ArJ111, was done b7 hand. About that time the poaaibiliUe11 of 

accounting equipment, such as IBM (International Business Machines) 

and Powers, was realized end some was procured for experimental use. 

It was a success, and pver a period of years man.1 special techniques, 

unorthodox for accounting, were developed, some requiring modifica- , 

tions of the machines. ~ special devices or·g~tes were developed 

to do epecialised analytic dev~cea, the first of whic!'h'wal called 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Form1 fu 1~0SC TQP SECRET CANOE 
,; - ) TOP ~~!P~ t2\JANOE This document 11 to be read only by tbooe personnel oftlcially indoctrinated in accordance with com• municatJ.on 1ntclligence security regulations and author1zed to receive the information reported herein. 

the GEEWRIZZER and applied to columnar transposi~ion systems. 

Vannevar Bush of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, undertook to develop a special machine for cryptanalysis. With the aid 

of graduate assist8llts this was done and the machine was shipped to 

the Navy in Washington in 1941. Later, two of the graduate assistants came too, John Howard and Lawrence Steinhardt. John Coombs 

went to the naval Computing Machine Laboratory in Dayton to build 

BOMBES. The design of Bush's machine was ambitious, and provided 

for photoelectric comparisons of two texts for coincidence, monographic, digraphic, etc., up to nine letter repeats, for special 

patterns and for isomorphic repeats. In operation it proved to be 

slow (it printed for each comparison, no matter how uninteresting) 

and full of "bugs 11 • Some of the functions were abandoned after 

operational and maintenance experience, such as the isomorphic re- , 

peat search. At a later time improved models were built, and atill I 

exist as the 70mm (the tape wi~th) Comparators. The~ have bp.d long 

and useful service. 

The advent of the war in late 1941 gave great impetus to procur1ng mechanical aide tor the crY,ptanal;rat. The I.e. MACHINE was made 

to compare two texts and measure coincidences. It could compare . ' 

texts up to 600 letters long at all offsets in a few seconds, and the 

machine was small enough to sit on a desk. In practice it did not 

work this wa:r, however; the device was eimple enough, but the preparertion of the text onto photographic plates was not, so the machines bad 

to be operated as a battery near the camera and dark rooms. 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
(_ . ) 

/ 

Thia document is to be read only by tboae personnel ofr1C1ally Indoctrinated 1n accordance with com• munication intelligence security regulations and author1zed to receive the information reported herein. 

Another photographic device, TESSIE, was atarted early in 1942. 

It compared texts for repeats. Subsequently the Army developed a 

super photoelectric device, the 5202, OOMP.ARATOli., which had much 

greater capacity and flexibility. These along with others formed a 

distinct series oi photoelectric comparators, the last oi which was 

AMBER, completed in 1947. All of these machines, except the last, 

contributed definitely to the prosecution of the war. In recent 

years photoelectric techniqμ.es have been used less •than digital 

electronic. 

The only analytic. machines ever bui°lt in large quantity were 

the BOMBES. These were designed in 1942 with advice from the Bi•itiah. 

The Navy designed a 16-unit model of which 125 copies were made, 

nearly identical. To operate and maintain these around the clock 

took a trained crew of 800 people. The Army built a single ma.chine 

called MADAME X, consisting of 144 units, which could be run as 

several separate machines with smal·ler numbers of units. 11S also had 

·the advantage of trying the wheel orders in automatic.succession. 

·,These BOMBES were used against the ENIGMA, ·the cipher machine used by1the1Germana ,for 90 per cent of their enciphering, and consequentl7 

were of the greatest importance. One estimate b7 the Navy was that, 

costing less than a cruiser, the BOM:BE installation had caused the 

• 

sinking of 60 German submarines. The successes against the German 

ArrD.7 end Air were even more important. 

The introduction by the Germans of new reflectors with unknown 

wiring led to the invention and construction of several machines, 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
. ) 

• 

-

TOP ~@fl~~t tJANOE This document 11 to be read only by those personnel ollicially indoctrinated Ill aceordance with com• mwiieatlon 1ntelligence eeeurity regulations and authorized to receive the information reported herein. 

!0P S~Bit'E! GAMJE 

called "SCRITCHJtlli.S". able to do the BOMBE problem without having all 

the enciphering elements. .These machines came quite close to being 

digital computers and were )>ro~ably the most ingenious machines 

built during the war. The fundamental idea of scritching is credited to the British. 

·Arter the war the comparator series continued to develop. The--

Navy product was GOLDBERG, which was the first machine designed to 

hold its data on a magnetic drum. The Army built CONNIE which used 

punched teletype tape. Both these comparators were influenced bt 

the :British war time machines called ROBINSON and COLOSSUS. In fact, 

the name GOLDBEUG is an American version of ROBINSON, since the 

cartoonist Rube Goldberg drew weird gadgets just as Heath-Robin•on 

did. From CONNIE was developed the more special ROBIN for making 

round-robins, or all comparisons. The sonic delay line machine Dl!ILLA 

usea a new medium. sound waves in mercury, to continue the line. 

Since 1946 there have been three main linea of new developments, 

the exhaustive trial devices, the dictionary machines, and the cr1J)tanal7tic computers. 

The exhaustive trial devices include HECATE and W.ABLOCI. They 

distinguish themselves by having very high operation rates, and by 

being large and working only by exhaustive trials • 

The dictionary machines look up weights, meanings, etc. 0 in a 

large memory. They are physically large and limited in their abllities. Their rates of operation are not so fast as HECATE, but are 

- 4 -

'P0P BJil6H! C:A:MO!I 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Form1 fJ~~OSC TQP SECRET CANOE 
'- I ) T 0 P RXP.if= ~'i 2P. AN 0 E 

u .A:.J '""' .... " .&.J ... "" 

Thll document ;1 to be read only by thooe peroonnel oflicially ind,!>Ctr1na~ In a~ordance with co~· munication Intelligence aecurity regulations and authorized to receive the information reported herein. 

high nevertheless. They started with Navy's MERCURY (a war time development, long defunct) and Army's SLIDE-RUN Y.ACHINE, and now inelude DEMON I, II, and III, SKATE I and II, and SLED I and II. Thia 

last can also do such operations as dragging cribs and reading 

depths. 

The computers were inspired by developments at Harvard and the 

University of Pennsylvania. They are extremely flexible, able to do 

almost any logical process by breaking each problem into minute steps; 

As a consequence of the minuteness of the steps some operations are 

not nearly so fast as are some more specialized devices. The machines 

developed at NSA are not copies of standard computers but specially 

designed machines with much more logical fle~ibility. They are 

ATLAS I and II , ABNER I and NOMAD. 

In retrospect these machines have seemed to create more work than 

they accomplish. ·In the original planning it was expeo~ed that the 

burden of hand work would be lightened and the need for personnel decreaaed. 10 .Although man.y- things formerly impossible are now done, 

tLthere1·are1in fact more hand jobs than before. These require more 

n· analytic· ability, and bring more pressure on the people in order to .. 

make best use of the ma~hines. The reason for this can be seen b7 e.n 

example. A dertain process called a 11pa.ss 11 is needed to solve a 

crn>tanalytic problem, ~OTSTRA.PS. To do this br hand takes several 

\ 

hundred man hours, valued at nearly $1,000. This is exorbitant, so 

BOOTSTRAPS was deterred in favor of more feasible jobs. 

- 5 - ~gp Si;QB:Bllf 6:tlf61 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Form i1~osc TOP SECRET CANOE 
• ~ j 

REF ID:A60928 

Thul doellll:lent 

TOP 11 to be read. SEGR~!, only b,ll' t~oee podao~b.odzied t/ receive 1n2r~~2ca~theom- the information reported herein. munieatlon •ntelhgence aecur1ty rellUlatiOl19 an "' 

. •, 

Then a method 0£ doing a pass 'W'a.s devised on card. equipment.. :87 

this means the cost was approximately $32.50, '11?,..,R;ura~ hundred 

passes were mad.a. The result of a sequence1oi passe~ is~the material' 

from which cr1Ptanalysts can proceed to a solution. i'he new method 

• 

led therefore to more work for cr1}>ta.neJ.yats. Each solution opened 

new Jobs to do as Well. ' 

!!.'hen a program tor making a pass on .ATLAs became operaUonal and 

the cost 0£ a PaBll becue $1.25. !l'hia 1a such a bargain that all 

Available data~\.... thro'!l!h ~. prooe .. , maid.Ilg a tr-oua Job ., .. . 

tor crn>tanalyats C8'd p~~ti\ text). !hia ia the way anal.yt;ic machinery makes more work fdF th~_ analyst rather than leas. 

~. H. Campaign.a. ' 

- 6 -· r -

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Farn178H10SC 1 Jul 52 TOP SECRET CANOE 
Ma.7 1953 

AiIDF.R {il,SA.FDlOO, OXMJ?) is ~ photoe+cctric compare.tor, simih.r 

to HYPO, using four photoelectric cells t.o scan two superimposed 70mm 

films, npply "reights nncl. count coincidences. Two equipments, scrinl 1 

and 2, were built by Eastr.18.n, I~odak company for navy for depth ~:march 

in JJil'-37, a Jflpanese weather system, but; arrived. too late in 1945 for 

that purpose. The contract also prod~ed two cameras, 5 1H x ll'L x 

51D (tn.pered) and two card reaci.ers p'!t x 9'L x 3'D . A 71H x 81L x 

2' D unit supplies identification ~a.ta to the cp..mera. A DJillrnITOHETER 

was devclopod by 'Eastman Kodak tq- check AMBER film. 

The bate ig 160 ch.~rncters1deep by ~20 columns wide, permitting 

comparison of a lart;e bloclc of, dnta at one time. The scanning area 

of the film may be treated na two zones, such as plus and minus. 

Characters are rei:tcl fror.i cal"ds and photographed as spots of light, <, 

each 1·1lth a o_ne to ten densi t~· r11.ne;e ( O to 100 per cent tre.nsmission 

factor in stepg of ten) provicling n system of nineteen weights. The 

machine can be set to find the sincle best point of coincidence, or 

all points above a pre-set threshold. 

It measures 6 1H x 4 1L x 4- 1D and ts now at lil'aval Security 

Station, one in Room 20109 and the other in Room 20210, doin~ general 

comparison, weighting, coincidence counti.ng A.nd message settin~ 

eeainst key. The comparison rate is 800 characters per second. 

Ref: NSA-lBl'Library 

Mr. G. Kier 

Mr. s. Snyder A 

Mr. '.Ii'. Spurberg 5~1\ E;' r 

€0l'J?IDENT I:t\L 
TOP ~ ~u ~Ih 1'=PAA2P~ -AN 0 E J.'-£1 i. u 

Thia document 11 to be read only by thoae personnel ~llieially in~1na~ in ~dance with co~· munieabon intelligence security regulations and authorized to receive the information reported herem. 

Ma)" 1953 

•"..BABIC DEOIPlU.:RD!G DEVICE 

The A.BABIC DECIPHl'.lRIJIG DlilVICE (A'Ji'SAF -11.5) i.s n rell'l.y-operated 

substitution rlevfoe for rlecr:rntin~ messn.('"es in a.n Arabic cligraphic 

substitution svstem complex b~' converti.np; t\·•O di.1~i ts to one Arabic 

letter. The one model was built b;v HSA-352 in 1949. 

It conai.sts of a stanrlard. ni.gi ta.l lrn;rboard for input, a junction 

box to take an 8 x 20 ph1gboard for substitution, and an electromatic 

typewriter equipped w1th Arahi c lcey-slw':R for ont:?iit. Two dig'i ts of 

cipher are typed on the keyboard, combined into one impulse in the 

~lue;board, which is wired according to a particular substitution 

key;J:list 8.J1('1 which o·oerates a corresnonninu type bar on the tvpewriter. 

(' The device proved sati.sfactory in use, but the feature of requiring a plugboard wiring for each of a tremendous number of keylists used in the complex of substitution~)ystems·slowed operation 

drastically. It is stored currently at AHS in Room 2021-A. Operation 

is at typing spaed, np to B characters per second. Size is best expressed by listing the components: an IBM keyboard, an 8 x 20 junction box and an electromatic .typewriter. 

Ref: 1'Ir. E. Azar 

Mr. N. Christopher 

J.Ir. H. Herczog 

?-tr. ?>I. Pattie 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

9?0!' S. !dR"' ?f 1;J ''0 , 

Form1 fJf~OSC TOP SECRET CANOE 
•;>;; ''•r 

• 
REF 

AlttU3IC DECIPHi£EUNG DEVICE 

APsAF 45 
I 

llBl' 1953 

The ASP wn.s nn r.lectroi.1r.chn.J1i.c:-J ,i..cvico for tllo decr.iption nf 

call si.;na in certain Jn.··,:i.ilEISe s;rstcuas. 0110 11ni t ~n.a comploted b7 

USitoML in /1.Jlril 1~4:4; construction n'f r. second. coil.cl \'m.B d:leconUnuod 

becn11ee of ayatom clll'l.n~e. 

Thero were throP. units to the dAvicc: a kana. koyboard for input, 

1, 

three aeparo.te plu.:;boD.l·da ( t\;O for 48 kaDfL and one far 10 d1g1 ts) to 

I 

accomplish sillll'le aubRtit~tiona by pluggiJ:i«, and a re~nerat1on t1})e- ... writer for out~ut of nec1phcr~ent. The r.11.1.Chin~ automaticRllJ" stepped 

. . ... to the next stocker nfter n deciphorment. 

I 

It operatod for only two or threo months before the s79tema 

clJansed, and was an 1mprovemont over hand methods for handling a 

large traffic volume. SiH was 2'H x 4•L z l 1D plua ka;rboard and 

...... ragen. typewriter. It hns beon dismantled. 

Raf: Cl!l!-21. 

lfSA-18 files 

' 

.NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY ... ,71.'1lcs: TOP SECRET CANOE 
'' ''' ;''l'i'' 'II 0111) ·' 't.\• f{'i\l"J") lo)•·~)(•;~ l1;>;;"'.li •• r , ., ,.... ,.t 11 \~'•1~ ,//,.:' .~n) 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

I 

- ~. ""'! .. 

........ .:_~____.~~ ~~~~~L-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ·-~~~~~~~~~~.,J..~~~~ 

J,..

11 

i I ., I , \ 
RE 
AUTOSCRITCJ-r:-m 

The AuTOSCRITCHl:lR, or' (GRAPEVIJTI~) ,.,;,_s n . rcln.y oporo.ted cribtostcr-11.sed to solve Gei-1Jrui E!~IGl-tA. tr:i.ff1c t11ro~h c::hnustiv,e trinl.s. 

Req_uirin~ n. cri'b of n.1'o'-i.t :.~n-lettr.rs o:n.<1 kl\o"m rotor "irinc, it exhaustivel~r fl.SOllmod steckcrs (en~--i'lb.te. pl'\ll!'.£~ings) until the co"'."rect 

reflector plucgin{; E!JlC1. st.ecJ:::cr weri! founc.l. , It was built by Army in 

1944 and opernted 11n tll July 19•l:5, t1i1en the GermA.n problem ended. It 

was replace!!, b:r the electronic St-:J>Elj.SCRITOHElB, for which it served as 

a test model. 

\ · 1'he menu (pairings of crib o.nd cipher letters) was set up on a 

plugboard and an arbitrary st~ckJr w~s assumed so as to satisfy the 

first pair of letters. Further q.~sumptions included wheel order ~d 

no SWTO (slow w~eel iuni over~ ~{e., only fast and medium wheels involved in the movement). Each piugging ass~tion was automaticall7 

tested thr~~ succ'e~s~v~ pairilij;s until eliminated,_ ·the machine 

rsending i~UJ.'e'·'pro'Qgh ~he ~ot9r wir!ry:s~ aen~t:ng contradia~ions, 

no~ontrad.ictione and confirma.tiona of exit pointJ. W'Jp.ljm, all letters 

l.n the menu. produced nt> contradip.tions the machine stoppe~, allowing 

hand record of data for ~ther-~eeting. Probability of solution 

_was about 70 per cent •. 

1'he ma.chine measured lf'H x lO•L ;E 3'D • Avera&e set-up time 

.-- was 30 minutes, but running·time was as much a.s ten to fourtoen.dqs, 

three shifts a day. ~eed ~ra.s 25 ~eats per second. ~eing slow, 

- l 

-... - :-

,... 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Fonn f;.\~OSC TQP SECRET CANOE 
O' __ .,,. 

TOP ~Jd¥iW f]ANOE '1'lala 4-lm.t 111 m b• read~ bl!' t1ama ~ ~ ladoatrlutad la.~ with - mmilaatlon la.tellipiaaa •lllll'ltv i'allllatlou imcl authcldmd to naelve tbe la.farmatlon nparilld Hn1a. 

~-~~1'~~ 

..:, .... 

AUTOSCRITOmm (Con~) ......... 

ra.thor iJ1flbxillle ruvl lnc'ony,en~C'11t for tl'!ctin;:_~ All.Cl mn.illtena.nco, 

it wns dlem."'lntled. 

Ref': :M.A.C. Outline 120 

Mr. R. BoWma.n 

· Mr. R. Moulton 

Mr. J. Raisch 

I 

- 2 -

- - -

' 

I , 

TOJ.:> ~: ~Q;;t"l'C' ~;.J_::_8..-:_! 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 'Fc;,,,./1l~osc TOP SECRET CANOE -,-

• - L 

.J • 

_, 

REF ID:A60928 

AU'IDSCRITCHER 

(GRAPEVINE) 

l~? ~EE~H FROT:-; 
This document 11 to be read only by those personnel ofli.cially indoctrinated in accordance with cc>1n• • munication intell!l!!.nce security i'egulationa and authorized to receive the information reported herein. 

'l10J"1 S:i'i9R11!e 0:M-u'fl --- - . May 1953 

.EO 3.3(h)(2) 

B-~ll STJ~OKER l!'IN!W.Jl PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

The n-211 S'.I'EOI~R FIITDER Wnfl n. !'lj)CQinl purpOSf' (:,"enCrfl.tor c.esic;ned 

by ASA for use in conjunction with th~ condenser-type FREAK (refer 

to M.A.C. Outline #'ll) i1'l. stn.tistica.l•eolution of tho stecl-cer of one 

coordinate of the .__ ______ .... 1'.B-211 mA.trix. It was built by ASA 

in 1947. 

The m.-~chine had two sets of Z5 rel~ys,I 

I FBF.J\.K made a sta- .__ ______________________ ___, 

tistieal ~ally of the cot\rdinates resulting from combination of 

generated key and fractionat.ed tape. A record of results (in tape 

and print) permitted the operator to select f~vorable cases. 

Not much use was made of t~is generator, due to failure of FREAK. 

Rate of speed was about 17 minut~s per message, It was considerably 

smaller than a typewri tcr, ~.nd is~ now dismantled.. 

Ref: M.A.C. Outline #57 

Mr. H. Collins 

Mr. R. Gordon 

Mr. J. Russell 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 
May ' 1963 

The n~me CAI-IEL is n :phonetic re11derine; of OHL, the n.bbrcvia.tion 

for OF'.ARc\.CT'ERI STI 0 ?!ESSAGE LOOA'!'OR, wh" ch wri t:i n 1;-un i t relay gate 

designed to opcrRte uith ~. ,.05 TA:etJLATOR jn locatillb OI (Cryptographic 

Instruction) messE1t;es. Those messnges contnined I\ conversjon sq'l:!&l"e 

to be used in certnin Jpp Arm~r systP1.is. It \/A.B built by Army• s 

F Branch for :B Brnnch, delivered "..n Febl'l.l:ir~r l9il5 and is now dismantled. 

The device wns desifillcd to ma1.:e use of the fact that the Japanese 

frequently sent a conversion snu.~re for A. pA.rticular por1od as a 

measate. A line of 10 digits, 0 to 9 in some one of its 10! 

(. 3,628,800) permutn.tions, 1'TA.S represented aa· tan four-digit groups. ( . !1.11'}.e machine deoipherod a messac;e using the current square end matched 

resulting plain groups ten at a time against these ten known groups. 

In the right set of cessages ten such seq(Jnces of the ten gr~ups 

would be found. A print of all the plain text was made and an indication was given of every hit. 

Average rate was one card eve17 15 seconds plus print time. It 

measured 7•H :x: 4 1L :x: 2•D • 

Betz '1~3548 tilea 

Mr. s. l'.ullbaak: 

Mr. J. M&Jol 

Mr. J. llaiach 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

, 
REF ID:A60928 

Ma.y 1953 

,, f"'D c•'I •n 'fl'., "'fRI~'~) II • li d ,_,_ t r it"- CurYOC~ .. 1 .c\-'l.·t. • • • • • •" ••• "'' '"" c:.r:'\"P s .. =' zl" C1.it•rrt c o s v ~.i. no .1. 

t . .rr>r. rl11,;r. Tt • rR bu1lt by In1.cri1"tion.al Bus4.nrsa l'acb1.nel' Corp., 

URIT".clR nncl n 11lu,,,,borrcl. 

A fi.lo of cnrcln hns bl'cn developed :for eJ.l code 6rou:ra in tho 

e=~e=tem Nl<l tl1cir oa.uivnlcnt Ohinn11e charrcter, liBt.iDG tha consociv1.iVE> t:,rpcl'ritcr f1~ctloua r.i.nd !cc;; stro~ces roru1.rod to 11 drn.u" thC' 

cbr.rnctcr. This is "CC'>rlJ."lishet!. b=r bl'nph1.D.!; Ct'Ch C~t'Ctar, than 

roduc:I nc t'i.o rlcmcnt a in c-rch bl':"pl. aau.,ro tn the cloaoat rnln:l.ad 

etroi:c. An IBI-~ cnrc'l 1 R ~"rc-mrotl in r1locinl coninc; for each chnrn.cter 

p.nc\ 1. ta c:!:u!u·r tc:::t code ;;rfl'T"', :ivc1·r.A.:: ~-:is RtroJ:ea, pntl sna:o 

tot~lin..~ ~5 or ro. J\ r1rc·· of tl101110 ~B roncl by thr mn.chine throlll;h " 

. pliJGbonr" to 1.ho 05~ c:u .. ,l: r·.t!r.~ u11i 1.. UR.:..nb :ill 'li?:l.c t;'}.IC.'\;l'itt"r 

the et;rlizcd clll"r:ict£ct rrn\\LrPd b~.- tho dr.cll:. 0£• the t:'Po alus free 

(suppllcd by I1,t.orru~Uon.n.l :Rua~,rr.r· l:.,c"i1nn C.>'l']>.) h I\ lk>:JNI. rl1>hncho.rnctors on uppC'r CASO. 

rp'Le ot 10 stro1:r?s per socor..ci. It tn st.111 n"¥:•~l ... l•.1• "fo~ \\..'1r. 11'l. 

.. \rli1:c;ton Hnll Stntior1 in 'B.0011 1605-A. 

Bet: Ila.china :Brana!a .Annual Jleport 1 1946 

Lt. !. 111ara 

Ill". J. Po'V81"a 
.. .. 

~ 

May 1953 

OOli'NIE I and I I 

CONNIE, (AFSAF-1, AFSJIJ!-D/U) is a ,general purpose teletype-tapo 

. ' 

comparator, used for polyg.raphic coincidence counting, of up to pen-

' 

·tagraph size. Uodel I was experimental, \completed by Army in October 

1949,, Just after the merger .. , A contract for an expanded equipment, 

model II, · (:AFSAF-1-1, now AFS.AF-D/U, sometimes called the new or 

expanded CODIE-), waa let to National Union Badia Corporation with an 

expected delivery date of August 1953. IDA, (.AFSAF-1-X, or AFSAF-D/52), 

is a modification of CONNIE and is described under that title. 

Input for both 1e a high-speed. dual tape drive, a pair of photo-

' electric tape read.era operating at 5000 cha.racter.sper second. Output 

is to two AFSAF-44-l DIGI'l!.AL RECORDERS. In the fall of 1951, four 

Remington Rand card readers were also provided for model I to hold 

bn~ stationary card apiece and supply a crib Qr pattern, such as for ......... _ 

a notOhed wheel, thus simulating regular wheel motio~. :Oharaoters 

. are scanned, stored electronically and trea~ed cyclically, malqing 

successive matches against te~t. In general, the machine counts 

binary coincidencee, combines these internally for character coincidance, and matches totals against a preset threshold. 

CONNIE II will have several improvemento: a 32 x 32 magnetic 

binary matrix, a criterion generator with a variable threshold pr1nt 

control and auxiliary storage unit. It will ha.1'\dle larger numbers at 

a much faster rate and will p~rmit weighting and variablo grouping. 

\ 

- 1 -

£~c~!T 

~Sif-RIC~E-D 
.f ... 

CNUHH I and 11 (Cont 1 d.) 

Model -I measures 8'~ x 33 1L x 2'D plus the photoelectric 

-. 

render input. It is now in use,~ .Arlington Hall Station in Room 

0·1:13-B and has a rate of 5000 coI:J.pnrhons per second. Model II 

"7111 al.so operate at Arl 1.ngton Hall. 

Raf: Mr. w. Cole 

Mr. J. Deutsch 

Mr. R. Gordon 

M:l!ss M. Hobbs 

Mr. J. May 

Mr. J. Powers 

- 2 -

~ccRt:T 

RE-S_TR"IO!f.ED 
I' ~)';''I' t' ' 11 °111) · • ·,.,. r;- • ,,l .. J) ro) •· ,, <• ·~ 1;'-; 1 •• r I_, /•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

" 'i I· 

1 'I I I • If I 

' .. 

->. -

I I_ 

\) 

........ ~- ~ ... : --......& r 06 
REF ID:A60928 

CONNIE I 

AFSAF 1 

with two AFSAF 44 WtBATON 

DIGITAL RF.cORDERS (left) for output 

GECRET 
f'll'f IG&S~ Mq 1963 

OOPPEB.HlWl (.Al'W-94, CJIMN', OXPO) ts a relay-operated photoelectric comparator for locating double group repeats at epl 

interval in two cipher meaaages by aompartng the messages on 70mm . tape at all Juxtapositions. !l'hia la !11 effect a depth' aea:rch. lour 

llUCh were bull t tor lll'a'Y1' b7 J!l'ational Oaah Baglatar Ob. , the flrat ln 

1944. Al.so, four panchea were bu.ll t. Model• II 1'hrougb. V were 

plmmed bu.t neTer material:hed. A TAPI OBEODll (aea 01!! paper 22) 

waa developed 111 1944 ta improve tape accurac,.. 

Up to 250 cipher mesaagea a.re punched into a pair ot opaque 

70mm plastic tapes b7 means of a 70mm tape punch (con.etdere4 a part 

of the machine but actually separate) at an uerage rate of 40 meaaagea par hour. A whole group ia punched per frame uain.g blna.r7 

ao4e vl>,lah re111!.rea fl\• of '1le 1nren\;r-ab: tepa lenle for -

digit. !rhe two tapea being ma.tched are complement_,. to one another, , I 

ao that a h:lt appears as a blackout to two of the 11Je ptiotoel.ao'tl"lb I 

.(.118. A hit atopa the machine tor manual recording. i i 

I I COPPEB!DW> I ta taster am aoana a wider apan than the BABY 

mmB l'OllOE DIVIOll or TESSIE lli (100 groupa atm.11ian.eoualy Teraur 

IJ3M1a 17 groupa and TISSlll 1 a 20 groupa). It la ourre11.tl7 in uae a1i 

Ba'V'&l Security 8tat1011. in Boom 4152 and meaaaree 9 1H z 6 1L z a•D , 

I plua a amal.1 tape punch. !l.'he machine oparatea at 4000 frame1 per 

aecollll. 

llets :Brief' Deacript;ions ot JWI Equipment 

OI!! 11, aa, 24, 41, 42, 94 

M. A. 0. Olltllne fl4 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

CfhtFlfJENT/A I;; 

JIEOSTRICT:Ep 

1a1;a1am. 
coN¥1ijE}~f AL 

SBOtmffY INPORMA'f'IOM 

Mny 1953 

OOUNTESS 

oobm!E@s (A1i'sa~Djl3) i~ to be a limited. purpose group-I.a. 

device to do a round robin "llearch for monographio through pentagraphic coinoidenoos either ad.Jaoent or split up :ln &D7 or all 

phases. !rhe one model ordered waa cozqpleted. in 1952''b7 NSA.-354. 

-PJ.aii~tor- if COUNTESS II (sub-project 351-437-53) were dropped when . ' . :l t t/as found that modifications could be completed. in 1953 to proVicle all the features desired. It :ls one of' the PRINCESS equipments, · 

col!pll"ing over a Wider than usual span of text, aJ.O = 1034 cb.aradtcrs. 

A 517 REPRO.DtJOER PUNCH ope1·atlng at 40 to 50 cards per minute., 

60 characters per card or a high-speed telet;n>e tape read.er at 100 

characters per second is the input. Characters are inserted. aucceaaively into a 5-place A-register and alao onto a magnetic dl'UJll 

which feeds all preceding characters to a 6-plaoe :B-regiater. The 

drum holds aJ.O = 1024 characters, the contents of 17 IBM cards, and 

. at each revolution feeds all the characters it then holda through 

the :B-re~ter where they are compared. electronically with the qontents of the .Ar-regiater. 'l!b.rougb. plugging, search can be made for 

&n7 coincidence, up to pents.graphic length in any phase. It calculates 

the statistic L::i. =If(~-1 > • Hits are wired to one or mo~e of :10 

deaade counters which are fle:dbl7 interconnectable b7 plugging, each 

having separate presettable threshold.a.' When a counter threshold is 

exceeded, the machine stops and another 517 DEPRODUCER punches aa 

- l -

CONFIDENTIAL 
c;omlmtN!f I:A:L 

SECmtrrY INFORMA'flON 

COu1lT~GS (Cont'd.) 

J:l...~1 as 20 :lde!!tification characters. tbe contents of tho 10 counto.··1 

am\ a.n indication of which countor caused the hit. Di to Clld blcn!:s 

are al.lowed for and the drum automaticall;r limlto the length of ti;::--::t 

acceptable to 1024. causing a punch-out and starting a :new c;vole, 

whenover the capaci t:r is exceeded. Th.ere are plans to provide mct111n 

ot making lengths of text as low aB 100 cbaraotera ca.use a pa.nch-out. 

Size :le: 8 1H x 26'L x 21D plua two 617 PUNCHES and a tape 

reader. Drum spoed is 7200 revolutions J>91" minute, rosulti~ in up 

to i25,000 comparisons per second. It will operato at Arlington lte.11 

Station. 

Ref: Mr. W. Grogan 

Mr. J. H~uke 

1-h". J. Powers 

-2-

CONFIDENTIAL 

.. 
6:f)Sif-l~-Wli~I-AL SBGUBl'l'Y INPOR:MA'!'ION 

@IID#d!f@ >6'~#T Mrq 1953 

DELLA l and 2 

PELLA (AFSAF D/51-1 and -2) is an electronic round robin compnrcitor usiug sonic_ nolay lines to m:itch datl\ f'rom magnetic tape~ at 

n mec;f'.cyclc pulse ra.tu. It counts character ---- or variable group hits 

Md listR or 1i,1nchr.s inctico.tions of A.11 DV!.tches which exceed a pre- . 

determinen vN.ue. Two equinrnent were ordered from Tecbnitrol En§ineer-

' 

ing Co., of PhilRdelphi~. The first opora.tional model was delivered 

July 1952. A seconcl is <lue by Jul7_ 1953. In general, lll!ILLA is deBiblled to no a round robin compnrisons of' lOOo''messagee of various 

" len&ths up to 1000 characters ench in a.bout 17 hours of machine ti~e. 

Ori6inRlly aesic.ned fo~ round robin search only, later changes 

ba.ve mRde possible iaomorphic scn.rch Rnd mixed monograph-digraph hit 

counts as \·•ell as m;itchi.ns t!roupa bet\·.reen tApes (not within tapes) if 

so desired. Input "-s b;r t~·ro or fottr magnetic tFJ.pes as in A:BNER. 

Norma.lly, one hP.lf of the r.?ess~es are put on one tape, and half on 

the other. PulsiilG ls ~t meg~cycle rate resulting in eight t~ ten 

million comparisons per second. Sixty-four mercury delay lines (half 

the number but identical with those in ABNER) provide the acoustic 

storaae. Comparison circuits and 9.ounters A.re provided for 64 offsets 

simultaneousl7. Group lent;th is_ VRria.ble and machine operation is 

a.synchronous, controlled by sicnals to indicate completion of various 

steps, sequences, etc. Length a.nd scorin& of hits is flexible and 

easily controlled by switches. Out~ut is to punch'Eld tape, an~ perhaps 

eventusJ.ly to an AFSAF 4~1 Printer. Pcysic::il units include: l!emory, 

>ecRe-1 

- 1 -

SOLi HllllUlt 
' GON~®fiNif-11\:L SECURI'f'"i' INFOKMl\TIOK 

S'EC/t..fr 

.DELLA l and S-.(Cont 1d.) ~ - ...... 

si:xty-four counters, timing, control, 4 Ra.J,1;heon-tn>e nagnet1c tape 

inputs, a tape punch output and Ji "fer auppl7. lta aize aa 7 1H z 

16 1L .x 2 1D , plus a motor and a generator unit. It haa .1u•t complete4 

ita initial teata at Naval Seoarit7 Station in Boom 4050 ualng paper 

tape•. 

Rd'& Kr. ll. Bowman 

Mr. w. Cole 

Mr. J. Powers 

56CF'<€-=T 

- a -

OONF·IDENTl:A:L Mdi;μ+!fM 
,, ,,, ;''l'i'1 'II 0111).' ·,,,\f{:i'.()) ''}),"'~!([;·~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I _, / •Jff.ll ~' j~ I!-..:' I~) 

-------
REF ID:A60928 

DELI.A 

AFSAF DSl 
----~ Eom1t51tW1'1:t\L 

BECURl'fY INPORMl.a:~ION 

·~ 

May 1953 

DUCRlilSS I 

DUCHESS (AFSAF-D68) will~&~ grou:P. 1011 ·=devfc'~'.'which differences 

two sequences of 300 characte;rs ea.ch at fi_uah .std:t~· testing the resuli for grou:pTepeats. Part. oi' the .. Prinoess project, the set of . . -·--. I 

devices designnted as "high speed sta.tistipa.l placode diagnostic · 

equipment", it is to be the.-~Uma.te· eqp!pment for which COUl'l'TESS and 

MISTR'l!lSS and OO~TSOR~ (the group-l:O ati!achme~t .to SIJ!JD) are interim 

devices. Two models are co~templat.«,. ln1t rto full contract has yet 

' been let, a.l.thoU&h International !'a.sin~ss Machine Corporation ha.a 

already constructed input i outp~t and differeneer uni ts .• · De;Li very 

was planned for 1953 • 

. Using a number of _ma.gnet~c drums, DUCHESS stores 1000 sequences 

·""Qf 300 digits each and· matches each sequence flush with another .... 

simil~ set of sequence strips, se~rching for group repeats in the 

result. The test wied ·1s the group IC teat, z:.r!~-i) ,' 'an.d···1v 

applied to four and ·five~digit groups. 

·Out standing feature of the machine i a its l:iirge ·rate of speed, -

all pairings of 1000 magnetic strips, or l million matches ~n en hour. 

Size has not yet been determined. It will be located at AHS. 

Ref: Mr. R. Bowman 

Mr. J. ~eutsch 

CONFIDENTIAL 

I 

! 

I 

I 

.I 

I 

.r 

I . 

I 

I . 

I : ' 

• 
, 

\. ....... 

• 

IT~y l9S3 

The EXP.AN'.DED C.:OMP.ARAT(l.H \ Al!'::JAl'-2?) was a photoelectric cor.iptU"ator, 

All enlarged version of the '"t01r.i;1 COMPARATOR designod to mtch two to.pom\ 

or films in search ol" vat•iui.ut co1ric1d.encea. Hegan laboratories built 

the one model in 1950 fox: .Army aa an experimental .model to toot a . 

method of ~aldn& comparieone. ·'the electronic circuitry worked properly but some of th~ mechan1cel features were unaatiafaotor7. 

The device recognized and counted characters or grou;pa of pattern oo:tnciclencea, lltt1n.e: b~.nm·y .eleotrontc counters and ~welve pluggable recognition units. It coul4 be plugged to indicate when a 

threshold had bean exceeO.etl. co\tld do weighting, or divide the ·field 

of viewing into sub-fields tor high-low comparisons • .A.photoeleatria 

cell scanned each of 273 'P•>asi:t>la spots (16 levels by 17 frames in 

the gate at one t1D1e). Two u.1.• three nlms or tapes, eaeh u;p to 200 

frames long, were p1ac.ed v1 t.ha e:ate and. the fast film was pulled b;v 

at a rate of 1000 fr-wnee !)•':or 1.H:"omt. Output was to (1) a matrix of 

neon lights indicat1r1g viif·•Hd Ly wbich of the 272 photoelectric calla 

was receiving light. to{<:.:) 11 ~1n1.lt-tn recording device which gave_a 

print-out at uaer 1a option on facsimile paper, or to (3) an applique 

unit built to record ~ec1m.aJ.ly the totala in the binar;v electronic 

oounf;era. 

Never intended for o~eratir.nal uaa, it has been d~amentled. 

!!!here were -tour ma,jo1· uu.u.". i.h.a larg-sat measuring 7 •:H · .z..... 4 'L x 6 'D ; ...... 

RE9'fftI8!BB 

RESTRICTED 
RB~0'ffB ..... 

~:xPANmID COMPARATOR (Cont 1d.) 

the other three together measuring 7 1H JC 6 1L JC 2 1D , plus po\?er · 

supply end a small applique printer unit. Bate of comparison \fas 

eff•otively 272,000 individual comparisons or 1000 matrix oompnricons 

per second. 

Ref: Mr. E. Fleming 

Miss M. Hobbs 

Mr. J. Raisch 

Mr. s. Sn;vder 

.. 

- 2 -

RESTRICTED 
~· ~ I ·, •,!;.\ i \ ' .!ii· j;, ;~ l· ' 

'"11, 

' I 

! ~-. " •... I! 

1' 
EX.P.\NDED COMP.\RATOR 

c~n~ .\FSAF 27 

-- ---4'FIOE.NTIA.L 
REF ID:A60928 

BiSXlllt.ft""J} scctt~T 

mEAlC I 

lfo.y 1953 

. The nlEAX (AFSA1'-24, MULTIPLE Jll.EQ,UEN'OY COUNTlllR, later called 

· · 1lllilAK I, RELAY FlUWC or OOBDEN'SEB. JIBEAIC to distinguish it from the 

. . 

. ELEO!l!BONIC F.BEAK which auperceded it) waa a :rela.T opera.tcd _:frequeno7 

counter. It used condenaera for atorage of total.a, to make monographic and digraph.to counts of digital or literal text, handling 

u;p to. 32 ch'.aracter alphabets. One model was bu.ilt by Arm:r in lato 

: I 

1943. It proved to be unreliable and was dismantled. The B-211 

S~EOKER FI~Dmll was designed to operate in con.function with FREAK bu.t 

saw little usage due to the counters erratic performance. 

It consisted of two tape readers, a~ of rel&7S, 32 x 32 or 

1024 sets of seven condensers each, a scanning circuit, and en 

electromatic typewriter. The r.Bchine distributed successive digraphs· 

read from two tapes to the proper set of condensers. A ring circuit 

automaticall7 distributed text for a monographic distribution. The 

device also evaluated L:. !1(~-l) , for each distribution. 

It consisted of five relay racks and measured 9 1B x 8 1L x 2'D 

pl~a two tape readers for input and a regeneration t;,vpe~aiter for I 

' I . 

output. Bate of operation was 6 characters per second and., final 

recording took 14 minutes for a full width of 32. Its major uao was 

on HAGELIN problems 8Dd for cyclic·distribution. 

Ref: M.A. o. Outline Ill 

Mr. J. Russell 

U-!'~t7 

JllM!Fftfe~Tj;p 
M&T 1953 

FllOG 

:ntoG (.Al'SA:B'-33, B-211 OllIBDRAGGER, ) la an ----- ------- - --- . - - - ~. 

electronic massage setter for solving traffic from a straigb.tplugged (at the top) B-211 cipher machine. It was designed auc1 

completed b7 l!l'SA.-352 on 1 Jul.1' 1950. Origl:nal plan.a called for 

one engineering model and one operational model. Serial 1, a bread.-

board model, proved quite efficient and is still in use.. Serial 2 

ia under atud.1' bT NSA-35». There a.re plan.a to contract aoon for 11;a . 

construct;ion, with deliver1 eJ1P9cted in September 1953, !!he name, I 

I 

J'BOG was onl7 recently applied to thl/ machine when pl.ans for Serial 2 . . were initiated and has since been applied to both. 

J. max1mum crib ot 20 let;tera :ls represented. aa a 20-Card deok, 

uaual.17 b7 drawing one· pre-punched 3 x 6 card. per fractionated letter 

of crib. lllach carc1 contains coded ~ch.ea :ln a 30 x 15 .matrix. !he , . 30 levels proYide for the combined mln:lmm oTCle of a 16 and.10 wheel. 

The five poaitlona 1' the Yertical dimenalon proYlde for th8 five 

col'WIDla of the internaJ. :B-211 fractionating square. !hla plain text 

I 

deqk and a cipher t 1~'11 tape are tecl ;lnto the machine which goes I . 

through the :fUll c70le, testing all motionr and turnover poaaibilitiea, 

at.the same time cheling for bottom ateoker at .ever7 setting. 

A crib can be teated in aU poaitiona of a 600 letter message in 

about 6 or 7 hours. !Iha machine meaaurea 6 1:0: x 121L x 1 1D (6 frrur.es, . .......... ............ . 

incorporating a ring of 30lt!J1ratron tubes). Serial.! is located at 

! 

ABS in Room 0414-:B. 

:Bof: Mr. J. Co cln•mi 

Mr. M. Collins 

Mr. n. Moui ton 

NATIONAL SECURrI!Y .AGEN.GY11 

T/O.A. lZ 

I 

!f:!SP Eal9Rili' flii.U6M 

F-1 f.\~OSC TOP SECRET Cl~NOE 
,, ,,, ;''1•t1 • 11 ·111) · • ';A.(f.;(()) '.'})~·~'.~r;j [I:';;\ Ii '• r 1 a / "I 11 1 
REF ID:A60928 
"- -~ REF ID:A60928 

TOP SECRE'l_, CANOE This docwnent is to be read only by those personnel officially ind.octrina~ed in ae~ordance with co!"• munication intelligence security regulations and authorized to rt:!ce1ve the Jnforrnatwn reported herein. 

May 1953 

GEEWHIZZER I - IV 

The GEE\•lliIZZER (.AFSAF-112, ELECTROMECHANAGRAMMER) is a weighting 

device used with a 405 or 407 TABULATOR to slide a stretch of cipher 

text (originally 10, later 12 and. then 16 letters) ag~_,_inst the rest 

o! the message, selecting and summing weights according to th·~ resulting digraphs,. Four models were built successively. The fli's't, 

in 1941, was merely a 1;,et of rota.rv switches in·a small box and was 

probably- the first IBM relay gate. The second was a set of wire contact relays mounted in a 60 x 34 plugboard cover. The third, of 

·. 

heavier construction, was a 31H x 2'L x 2 1D gate, mounted separately 

to avoid vibration. The fourthior NEW GEEWHIZZER, often erroneously 

called Model II, is really Model IV. It is electronic, eupercedes th~ 

first three and has additional functions. 

. i In operation, the particular set of letters chosen, usually the 

first of text, are plugg4~d on al405 or 407 TABULATOR and the cipher 

message read from cards (:from tipe or cards in Model IV) •together 

I with associated sets of log weights of each particular letter, con-

' I 

sidered both as initial and finb.l half' of a digraph. These weights, 

I 

0 through 9, and later 00 ithro~ 50, are totalled and listed, lthile 

I ! 

all totals above a preset ',threshold are wired to print in a separate 

\ 

column to facilitate locating the best answer. Model IV has a 

32 :x: 32 pluggable electronic matrix, can do Fourier weighting and 

is currently at work setting messages in a special case of 13-Zll 

- l -

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
This document 

TOP is to be read 1gEtfR~Of only by those personnel officially ind.octrina~ed ~ANOE in ac~ordanco with co~· 

munication intelligenee security regulations and author1zcd to receive the information reported herein. 

GEEWHIZZER I - IV (Cont'd.) 

usage where five wheels and a part of the indicator are known. 

The t"iny first model 1a still in st~rage at Arlington Hall 

Station in Room 1501-A. The second and third have been dismantled. 

The latest device is 4 1H x 4 1L x 2 1D and has a speed of 2 or 3 

cards per second. Location is at Arlington Rall Station in Room 

1600-A. 

Ref: M.A.C. Outline *l 

Mrs. ·D. Blum 

Mr. J • .Powers 

Mr. s. Thorne· 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Form/J.1~ sc TOP SECRET €1\:NOE 
. 

.....,_ 

It" "'i'" 
.~:~.JHJ~_-~.IV 

AFsXF 11~-

Nl!l'J or ELECTRONIC GE ~t·iHIZZER. 

On to~ 11 at left is the original 

GEE'.·lHIZZEU I or EL.ECTROMECHANAORAJHra 
T i¥ ell~ %§¥2~ A N 8 E 0 P u i:.i '-.A .L" .Li .... u 1~ ~ b h I officially indoctrinated in accordance Wlth com• Thi•. dot~urn~ntet Iii~ to besre".!'udr·1otynlrye-:r,;ti:~ ~'J'~~~~or!zed to receive the information reported herein. mumca ion m 1gence .. ,.1,1..1. . 

• 

May 1953 

GREEN .ANALOG 

The GREEN .AN.llLOG is a relay device for completely reproducing 

any function of the Japanese GREEN machine, a 6-wheel cipher device, 

never used opera.ti.ona.lly. The analog was built by Ji' Branch, of 

Army, completed in February 1946, after World War II ended, and delivered to the museum. 

Input is by keyboard or tape render head, and output is to a 

teletype page printer or tape punch. The 25-point rotors and their 

complex stepping wero simulated by relays. Although rotor wiring 

was fixed in the two captured converters, four 8 .x 20 plugboards 

allowed for changes. The system used 45 plain text characters and 

100 cipher text digraphs, ·including variants. 

The an.a.log measured .6 1H x 5 1L x 2 1D plus a page printer, keyboar\ tape reader head. an,~ punch. The GREEN converter itself was 

portable, t;ypewritor s.ize,. and never came in for much use. The 

analog is still in the m~seum, in NSA-18, stored in the attic of 

Building 20 at liaval Secur.1ty Station. 

Ref: NSA-354B files 

Mr. D. Dribin 

Mr. F. Mayol 

Mr. S. Snyder 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
-.aiWmrm!l'7I?Ah ~ 3.3(h)(2) 

W86-36/50 USC 3605 

Ma.y 1953 

RAGELUT MESSAGE SETTER 

The RAGELIN MESSAGE SETTER (.AFS.AF-38) is a relay op_erated thoelsetting device which/ 

I ~o·' uni ts were built by ...._~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--

Army,\ the first, by WDGAS-74, was delivered 29 October 1949, and\the 

second\.(A'Ji'SA'F-38A), by NSA-354B, on 15 December 1950. There are plans 

tor a thi.rd equipment to replace the now worn out first wiit. In such 

a machine, 

There are four major components, a storage portion consisting of 

relays and condensers, a comparison circuit for matching key and 

cipher text, a maze circuit which interprets the comparisons by phases 

and a control circuit which checks for required conditions and controls 

the machine accordingly. In operation!/ 

signs. Counters show the digits of key in the machine. Means is 

T"df StcA, (:rT &Atl-et: 

CON7FIDRNT:~I-:t\-L, .\ 
(S)N.:'FJIAR~-lz\t·· ···-···-· ..... ~·· .... .....,_ -.... ... .... SECUitff'Y INF'ORMNf'ION 

ro P r€-C~Pr'· c.AK'e 

E03.3(h)(2) 

PL 86"".36/50 USC 3605 

HAGF.Lill ?-1ESSAGE SF.T~r-FJR (Cont'd.) 

:p~oy:l.ded for mn.n,u~:\. stopping. In unit II thP.re A.re provi si ohs for 

six choices 

Unit I, a table-top apparatus, meA~-qrps one cubic yard plus tape 

reader. Unit II measures 6 1II x 2'L x 2\D • Both 'mite are still in 

Room 2208-A nt Arline;ton !-Tn.J.l Stn.t:lon, but the older one is unused. 

Tests are mncle at a rate of 6 to 10 chnra.cte~s per second. 

NSA.-354~ ft:i.e 

Mi BB B. Oll~ah 

Mr. N. Christopher 

Mr. W. Cole 

Mr. -, • G. J.fa7ol 

11f secPre r c1111c~ - 2 -

a sefl"NFIDENT,f.AL 
-"' _, .. _ - ll Qf\~Tll\aPf·~~J; .. llli_..,ili-.-.i~"""'· a.d...A..&.L...&.4 ~-.-. .L~ rn l:J 

SECURl'f'Y INPOIUlh\TION 

roP J--uRPr· OfK'E . .. ,,,..,,.II*'· EQ 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86c:36/50 USC 3605 

HAGF,LIU MESSAGE SETTER ( Oon t 'd. ) 

p:rovided for manW\:\. stopping. In un:l t II ~h~~e A.l"e provisions for 

six choices 

Unit I, a table-to~ apparatus, meBeu,r.~s one cubic yard plus tape 

reader. Unit II measures 6'H x 2'L x ~'D . ~oth units are still in 

Room 2208-.A. nt Arline;ton fTall Stn.tion, b~t the older one. is unuaed.. 

Tests are mnde nt n rate of 6 to 10 characters per.second. 

BSA.-35Q 11:J,e ~.. B •. OJiμrch 

Mr. B. Ohr:latopher 

Mr. v. Oole 

Hr. r. G. MIQDl 

nf sec~e r c111t~£ - 2 -

f!ONitf·DE~N.T::=!AL 
May 1963 

E~3.3(h)(2) 

f96-36/50 USC 360~ 

! 

.JT.AG'ELIM PAllITY STRBA2-! Gr::l-'!ERILTOR 

e 

• 

The BA.GJiJL:b P.ABITY STRP..A?·I GDl~TOR (.U'SAF-4G) i a a reln.v 

operated tablo-top key 68J1e~ator wh:lchl 

.......__ ___ ___, / ApPlicnt:lon .ia to the HA.GT:ILI!T 0-38 and similar maahinel • 

It was built bJ" Army And delivered on 38 li'ebrua.ry 1960. 

I ~d out~ut i a auppU.ed either direotq aa an '--~~~~~~~~~---' 

input to the HAGZLI11 I!ESSA.GE SF.TTJ!IR AZJ.d/or to n. tape punch. Wheel 

• 

atart:lns poa:ltiona L'.re set up by- Jll!LB~ buttons. Lamps indicate thi 

wheel positions at all times. 

!he device ia a table-top r.iodel and (}auras .a•B x 3'L x a•D,. 

Bate of operatio~ :la 6 to 8 charnctera per second. It is curraAtq 

in use at Arlin&tQn Hall Station in Room 2208-A, in co:aJunat:lon \lith 

the BAGELilT J-:ESSA.Glil smTER •. 

Rof'; '!O/A 12 

lJSA-35-93 ll'll'Ja 

Ur. B. Ohrio:topher ~·~j,~.. l". l ' .... :,,1 

• 

., 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY '-17:.l~- TOP SECRET CANOE 
.. ,,..,-:--~ 

. ~.J' '"'!'" 

--~ _..:.: h-':t,.":::~.~-~----··· ~ 

\ni.":~~"": .. '"7-'i:. -·- . 

~ 

~<w~~"l4••••~4•4~&t&& 

......... ·&~•~t••••& 

~'1'1.1.4410-i...u ... •.S'IAa • 

Tr.rU4•"Ui'"LS.li~'\it.A.s\i't~'S 

"'"""'"'""'i.&:•.ou"iu.ui,-.,~!~"$'1~.1 

--. ---· - . 
REF ID:A60928 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL86-36/50 USC 3605 
V'- - ~·T 

4Ezlii*i'IL 

EO 3.3(h)(2) .. ...... lefa71953 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

HmlTE (Al'SAJ-91, OXDD or HAGELIH caiBDWJGIB.) la a i)>ecl~l ~ 

po•• high apeed electron~c cribdragger for aolTlWJg 0-18 \tpe BAGli:.iB 

ll8B8&gea by exhaua'Uve trial.a. Two equipm8l!t.'t89 -ltwleJ. 1 and 3, Vere 

built for Navy by llla.gineering Research Aaaoclat•e, bl:)V part of 

Ilemingt;on Bmld, the firat delivered 1 .April 1'9~ and the aecand on 

. 18 May 1950. A SM'm. ia uaed with each aa awciliar;r equipnent 'f;o 

1.r---------------'I '!he name BAG:BILIB CalB11lWIGllB. vaa . ' 

recently appli84 t~ the subproject 351-411, and the term BJIW?E to 

~-411-51 to be ~e the subproject oovera the full cribdragger ; 

field and not a t1p9o{(lc equipment. 

!he ma.chip.• l• geft.eral requirear 

ke;rs. At a hit, the maehine atopa to permit hand recording ot each 

. poaaible villdov aett;iq :l.t find.a.\ lour brief teats\on a SA!'!B vlll 

eatabliah the wheel pattern and ••tt\ng of the tvo ezC,.ud.ed wheela . 

vhoae pattern.a are ua11al.ly known. 

:Both llOdala are nov in operation at JTaval Secarity S\.ation in \ 

Boom 30103. D:lmanaio:n.a of the tape unit .}.. 6 1H z 4 1L z 3 'D ; an4 

\ ·. of tile anal:r'ic section, 6 1H z 17 1L z 3 1D • Operation ia at the rate 

wP SE<Aer c.ffAl(Je ., · ...... ":".] - <ieN·EI-D~NJ?:fA.L Ceill__.. .. 
,.,. . . ... 

....... " 

~~JIAR~ll\L ·'3 :.a. ;&. .&.I ..&J-... - ..... ;&. -

SBCURl'f'Y INPORMAHON 

TcJP se~Rr-r ~,,. ,r 

HBO.AT.I (Cont'd.) 

ot 75,000 trial.a per second, each window aettink beitlg teated ~ 

about fourteen mioroaeconda. 

Ratz TO/A - 1'1 

JISA-3023 J'ilea 

Kr. D. Hogan 

Mr. J. Jtaplet~ 

Mr. L. 1fheatle7 

' 

-a-

• 
t 

.,. 

!i.. 

... 

r.:. 

~---·"" 

GENERAL 

DDCRIPTION 

z 

0 

,.:. -

i 

~ u 

-... 

> 

... ···I-:-········-···-· 

c 

·.·! ·. 

. . . . •• Ill 

ati ! 

.. Ill c .. u 

~ 

. r ' 

. :.-~:-

.;. : 

. , 

-~ 

. . -~ .. , :l ·. : .··.:-. .·· :..;~ . 

• , ... · .. #::.-;~~~:.::~-- . -~·.-... -~ .. ·-· ~. 

,; . '· .. ·~ 

RE~ii,~~I Section 1 

.MODELCXDD 

.. ·."' .... 
REF ID:A60928 
,~, ., 

qr •ys'f._::5tiffli1 

May 1953 

ID1LLCAT I 

F!ELLOAT I ( originD.lly EL!CET for BL."llOTROJJIC Jei:~ ~STI'..R, and also 

. -

called MA.TTm:n·!, JR., DEF 59, AFSAF-D/59) h n desk-s~ deciphering 

- ---- . device and !tcy tester 1 relay operated, with provision ~r up to 26 

. ··-.... 

m:lxed A.l.phabete. It is n cenera.l pnrposc version of DMD, -~d in. fi!Ome I ·.=..'.l. ' 

'functions resembles 1-~TTHF.W·~oro :tlw.Jl it does HELLCAT II. ~one 

model ordered was bufl t by }TSA-35413 for lrs.A-23 and \'18.B deli ve;ia 1-

February 1953. 

I 

l'lhen a set-up switch. is thro1m, up to 20 letters of key or 

I 

0

! 1 

text may be entered in the relay memory via a ring circuit which acts 

as a counter and n. storB«e: ,control· •. Given .26 random alphabets of 

! 

26 letters each, set' up o~ a 34 x 60 plugboard, the mac~ine applies . . . . . ,. . I l I' . 

assumed key or plain s.ga.injt ;cip1!f ~d derives possible plain or key •. 

Output is to a. regeneration .tf ew~i ~er·. The ring ciraui t position, . 

and therefore the particu1ar *phnb~t Emd key being used, is sl].own 

by lights. . ! 

It is 31H x S•L x l~D , ;desianed to fit under the overhang of 

' 

an executive-type desk.. Oper~tion rate i~ 6 to 8 characters per 

' 

second. Alphabetic and numerical substitution is pos•ible. It is 

now located at Arlin6ton Ha.J.l Station in Room 2522-A. 

lk:f': 

0

TO/-A.. 8/60 

ll&~354B Fileo 

l·il.•.- M. Ch:i.•iotophor 

1--h·. :G1. I::":.yol 

I-h.·. x. Pollo:r 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY F- 781-C105C 

1 Jul51 

.!----·-· -· $._ .•. J j l 

HELLCAT I 

AFSAF DS9 

lfAT'.lHmtl, JR 

tonaerq ELDT, 

!Lll:TRIC m T!S'l'ER 
REF ID:A60928 

MaJ' 1953 

HIGH-SPDD TELETYPE TAPE REAlll!IR 

The RIGH-SPll!lD TllLJD'l'YPE T.API RlWlBIB. (ilSAF-D/f& or OJWJL1i1SS TAPE 

RBADJIDl) is a high speed, mechanical teletype tape reader. Enou.gh 

unassembled parts and reading-head assemblies (the nOYeiJ..,element;) to 

permit l'SA-35 to assemble twent,...nine of these raad.9~aA¥t11ereceived I 

; 

from ~elet1J)e Corporation in M&T-1953. Development.bJ!·I'~ of a 

pair of experimental .CBWijillftS;. BJIADEElS, one 

mechanical and the other plJ,p~oelectric_ and.~tic (!!!he P.u.LY BEA'Q!DR.), 

! 

was diaoontinued when :this,. amJl.el was intro~uced. 

lta tun.ction ia aimpl;r· to read data :trom Chad.lea• (or nonOhadleas) tape at higher apeeda than earlier d.evioea, 8Dd. vill be used 

as input t;o numeroua equ.1pna9''-~·· . I ' 

. . 

Bat;e of operation i•.~~\J,111100 oharaot;era per aeoond UrP to 840 , . I 

~tor• por oeooa4. I~•.•1~ i''il!.o ti117, 6"11 z e"L z s•n. 

!hese read.era are being.p'f.t·to use in varioua locat1ona. 

Ref 1 Mr. R. .Bronder 

Mr. J. Deutsch 

Mr. J. llu.asell 

I 
., . . .. • 

e. 

--EeN-~~ 8BGURffY INFORMA'f!ON 

Ma7 1953:~ 

ICKY I 

ICKY I, ( TE'lB.AGRAPH II or OXCL, called TESSIE .... Arm7 personnel), • 

was a general purposo· 35mm photoelectric comparator and. tetragraph 

tester built for Navy by Eastman Xodak Oo., in 1943. A total of' 

three units vaa built, the first two being delivered to Ba'9'7 and 

.ArJq respeotivel7 in October and November 1943. It replaced DSSIJI SS• 

NaV7 1s original tetra.graph teats and is superceded b7 .Arm71a TESSim II 

(Al'SA'D'-11). 

The four original cameras were small and simple (about 25 pounda), 

merel7 transferring data from punohed tape to 35mm film. :BRUTI I, 

dneloped by lilaatman Kodak Oo., and received. in June 1944, pr.ovidad. a 

greater concentration of information on the film and complicated 

identification data. It measured. 4 1H x 3 1L x 6 1D ·and was never uaeCI. 

operational.17. Two new and more flexible ·cameras, :e:RU!l'lD II, Serial 1 

and a (M.A,O. Outline '/160), were delivered in March and Mq 1948, 

. lDach is a double camera and e:qJoaea film at a rate of OTer 6 cliaraoter-a 

per second from card.a, or 10 charactera per aeooDd trom tape. Size is 

!he machine compared two films on which literal. or numerical 

text was represented aa clear rectangular apota l.n a field :I> levela 

de~ together with 1de~t1fication data. The search vaa for either 

po11'gl"aphio repeats or high I. c. Through a ga~e 35 aharactera wide, 

the film• were automatioall7 compared, one held in place and 1ihe 

other drawn paat at. 3500 :h'amea par aecond.. !Ile 1 alov1 film vaa moved 

eoN FIDHNTI:A:L 
... . . ,. CSNFfBE!ft&IAL 

BBOURl'l'Y INFORW .. TION 

G91P!BJ!Jlf!I ti; 

IhkY I (Cont'd.) 

lip':'~: lllBD1' as o>O •frames at the end of each pass by the 1 faat" "f!lilr.; · 

When the proper number or pattern of letters was found; a neon light 

. . flashed and the machine stopped to permit a hand record O'f the 

viaual.17 represented data. 

Size of the machine was 4 1H x 2 1L x 2 1D and rate was 3600 

comparisons per second. It waa modified by lllaatman Kodak Oo. ~ in 

1948, but was sti1.l· donilidered U:Rreliable and ao was diamantled. 

An171 a 'variation of t!ifa device, built in 1945 ia called TJISSI:I II 

or Al!'SA'B'-11. Plana· f'!c1:1 . ..i ati' Itn II (CJD.) were drawn up then abancloned. 

Jlef': CI! paper 6 

OIT paper 48 ·-. 

M.A.. c. Outline 13 . Mr. G. Kier . 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

Mr .• L. lhaatl81' 

) 

-2-

CONFIDE.NTlf1L 

0 
REF ID:A60928 

- ----- =--=-.::=..:--=-------

~:i••IeJ:I•!:lil• nt~ ~ 
REF ID:A60928 

ICKY I 

AFS.Af 103 

CX:CL, TE1.1RAGRAPH II 

ambiguously called TESSIE by some 
.,. .... Ila ~'Ir~ ~~~f:.1 "~1i~~IA£ ... ...... ~ -----' - SECURft'Y INPORW .. 'l'ION • 

su~~T 

IDA 

Mq 1963 

IDA, (from IsomorJlhic Depth Analysis, AFSAl!'-1-X, OO:NNIE-1-X, 

DEF-52, QS.AF-D/52) 1a easantia1l7 a stripped-down CONNIE, a special 

purpose electronic tape comparator for isomorphic pattern aearoh. 

The AYlll-ADl (.Al'SA.F-D52/l0, XFN'), the associated tape punch for patternizing tape I waa completed by NSA-224 in June 1950. The :1rat 

breadboard model IDA was ready shortl7 thereafter, and the second, 

an operational. model, was finished in 1951. 

Th.a machine counts monographic coincidences of isomorphic repeats over a span of 10 to 12 characters. Two patternized loop 

tapes are reed.b7 a pair of photoelectric read.ere at 6000 characters per second. AYE-AYE uses· 3 frames on the pattern tape to indicate the location of each repeat found in the preceding 13 char~ 

tera of text. It con.aiders a ,Particular character and punches a I . 

hole in leTel 1 to 5 of t~e f irat frame if' a repeat ia found in 

the first five preceding cbar~cters; in leTel l to 6 of the 

aecond frame, for a repeat foUnd in the sixth through the "t;en.th 

preceding characters. These are pluggable. !he character itaelf 

ia punched into the third f'r... Addition of l, a, or 3 characters 

to one tape causes a precesai6n of corra~ponding atep-aise between 

tapea. Jach reault la in the f'orm of a confirmation or conflict. 

ft.eae are weighted BDcl aunmed. All totals over a preaet threshold 

are recorded on a 517 :BEP.B.ODUCD. PUUCH. 

Size o~ the comparator is 7 1H x 6 1L x 2 1D plua two tape read.era 

GON;pJDENT·IAL <..,-,,1,e., 
• .I. • 

• 

--!JM 

ml (Cont'd.) 

51H x 4'L x :11D o:ich nncl 517-.Pt-r.rqH. IDA ~s nt>w in O"porntfon at 

.Arl:lngton Hall Station in Rnom 04.J.l-:B: iJt>mpnrison H'mo on an 

-· average pnir of tapes is five to twonty min111tes·-

Ref: Mr. w. Cole 

Misa M. Bobbs 

Mr. T. McGuire 

Mr. J. Powers 

~er:Re·r : - a -
'' ''' ;''l'i'' 'II 011') ·' 't.\• (/ 'i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I_, ~•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

---------

• 

l 

--

!' ... .. 
REF ID:A60928 

IDA. 

AFSAF D52, Isomorphic Depth AnaJ.7si1 

with CONHIE roaclor in..-..it (loft) o.nd 

IBM 517 RBPBODUCER output 

., 

• 
-- --

11&71963 

EQ3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86..,36/50 USC 3605 

typ<'. It wn.e built by JTE1vy in 1~.18 1'r'>1:1 n. cMnibnlisod VIPE!l to 

f'nrve ns a coniprolion J.lJ\ChiJ"..e to l!ARTIITI \."hi ch it cocpleteJ.7 duplion.tea exc&J?t thn.t 1.t hRa a baclcwnrd atC}.,.PiDG torture.· Its purpose 

The mnchi.no aut'>mrrl.icnll:r followed in reverse th.a prescribed 

ks;r c= c.1.<: and rulo t\f motion, atoppinc R.t ambiiSUoua points to permit 

tho operator to choodp which pR.th it should take. J'req_uent uae ma 

made of it na o. hmldte,hr. Input WAB 'b7 tape or kB7board; output 

waa to a recanera.tion t~C"\,"l"iter. 

Sime was the samo p&\ ~or MA.B!IUI, 6•H x .(IL x 4'D and rate 

vaa ab: to ei.;ht chA.rn.ctera ~er second. It baa been d1.a111BZLtled. 

:Beta Mr. B. Oampdpe 

llz'. ! • B'ollarof 11 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

.NATION.AL SECURITY AGENCY '-lf.\1lasc TOP SECRET CANOE 
TOP 6EEGJR1BCJP2fJJ.\.NOE 

).Ja7 1953 

JMA Jll!JOIPmD.UNG MAOHIHE 

The JtLA. was a relay-operated deciphering device, deriving its 

name rrom the Jap Military Attach.e system it was built to attack. 

Originally designed to perform a process equivalent to sliding alphabet strips to find the proper substitution alphabets according to 

running ke7, later modification permitted deciphering by mcy- of 26 

unrelated alpha~ts. It was built by Army in 1942 and replaced by 

MATmEW. 

'rhe machine is best understood when visualized as a 26 x 26 

square where an electric t1J)ewriter operated to select a letter wired 

to the left margin (usually according to cipher text) while a aynchronized tape-stepper selected a letter (from running or c;rclia key) 

wired to the top of the square. The value found at the intersection 

I 

of au.ch a row- and -column selection was determined as a certain 

value according to a plugboard wiring. ~us the machine added any 

given ke7 value to a corresponding cipher val:a.e and gave a predetermined answer. 

It handled a 26 character alphabet, used a double tape reader 

for input and regeneration t1J19writer and/or tape punch for output. 

By reversing the role of key and plain or of key and cipher, the JMA 

could perform enciphering and be used for placement or teat purposes. 

It operated at t71>ist speed and has been dismantled. The 26 x 26 

matrix was housed in a CXCO dolly 3 1H x 4 1L x 3 1D with teletT.Pe 

tape reader, IBM keyboard and regeneration typewriter. 

Ref& M.A.C. Outline f2 

Mr. s. S~er 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

!l'8P Eflilaul! M!IO'll 

F-,'ll~JOSC TOP SECRET CANOE 
r Lr· 

4' 

" 

-', ,, 

I 

1 

~ i ~Ir•! I f • , I. 

, , I 

'I i' 

t I . d I~ ,. 

,/• 

. .1 I · .. , ,,, . ' i 

; I •• 

' . 

1~ 

I' I I 

l' , I ; i S 1, I I I 1. I I 11J ': 

' ' . 1f ! ~ '1 I I' '1• 1t •1' 1 I. '1 .. ' I' . . ~ . . 'f r I .1; I 

' 

., ' 

,),. 

., 

I· ' 

I 

7t1 ,1! I . .~ • ' I 

• 1·: I I '. ,. ., ' ,, '. .. 

'I 

I , 1 I, I 

... 

L 

. - +• ... 

-

'' 

. ' ·, ' ) ' h l · 

' 

I 'I ' •' ·, ' .. , r. 
' ' 

" l\ ,,, 

·~· • • f 

I I! ,, 

I :·;-·,111.} 

'1·11 I 

, ' , 

,, 

I " 

' I ·,, ,·.111 'l I. 

11 I I I ', I ~ I II I II I "11 ! , I 1 \~ J J '1 I I r 

I ' I , 

I I • 1' ,, 

' ' 

'I· I 

I 

r , 

I I' 

I :l ' I 

' '~ ' i1 IJ I I 1 ~ ~ f I , I Iii I•'\ ' I 

~1· ~ 

,. •I ' 

• j I ~~ 1, LI, 

I ,it 

'I 1·· ,• " : I 

I I• I • 

11, 

- • t • 

' '' ' '' I I 

l 

I ' 

' . 

'' j • I 
REF ID:A60928 
Ma.7 1953 

J-SQ.tLUl.S tnfiTS 

!!?he term J-S'.tUARE designates a family of 23 equipments whose 

basic function was code dociph.erment and rocognition. To those probabq ohould be added the three LIMITED SELECTORS and the two CODE 

llOOGNITION UNITS~ All uni ta were built b;r 1 s l!' Branch, now 

NSA.-354B, mid operated in conjunction with an. IBM 405 T.ABULA!l!OR or 

a 517 P.BE-SEN'SING PUNCH. The 32 x 32 ALPH.ABEIC SUBSTITUTION UNIT 

(5•l[ x 6'L x 3 1D) was built b7 li' :Branch ill 1947 aa a logical exten- · 

sion of tho 10 x 10 numerical. J-S~UABE UNITS, and is still in use 

at Arlington Hall Station in Room 1700-A. 

In general, these devices simulated a 10 x 10 Jap A:rav ciphor 

square and operated to strip probable additive from a given number 

of cipher text groups, matching the resulting possible plain groups 

against a 11 st of high frequenc:r groups set up on a plugboard. It 

printed and/ or punched a:n:7 recognized groups, together with appro-

. priate collateral notations. All operated at tabulator or tape punoh 

speed, 80 or 100 cards per minute. A listing of equipments, with 

dates and dimensions is attached. The~ are all dismentled. 

llet: Ns.A.-354'8 files 

Mr. F. Mqol 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY F-/f.lf~OSC TOP SECRET CANOE 

REF ID:A60928 
lfa.71953 

LDM 

'l!he LDU (LOl!GITUDiiT.A.L DIFFERmTOU!G MAOHI11E) Wf\8 n tRpe differencer conR:l atinr. of nn IBl·I tr•po rctttler ( SIGTOT) mod:lf:led to road 

either one or two t'1:pca. Utu•d in connAct:lon with n smell rel.a.7 un:I:,, 

it could difference on modulus 3 oithor con1eout:lva :nn.udot charACtara 

in one tnpa or chnrncter·a frr>r.i two tnpos. It "'n.s built bJ ArmT 

Secur:lt:r ~ency 1n 1944 for tele1,r:lnter c:lj>hRr s1atems such as !L'UDIT. 

'l!he modifhd re·Hler trn.nRlnt:lnG onP. or t\'/O tapoa waa connected 

to A relA.,V \U\:lt. In thn w1tt \/err. three ABto of five relqa, each 

correapondin.; to thr. :ft.\"'e bmJ<ls :ln the chArncters. Two sets were 

operRted :l"roca t'1r rrnClor \•hon t\I,, tRpeR were ba:lnc read, v:lth the 

third set &avern:lnc, tha ,,thcr 11ata. Tho third sot was operated bT 

the comb:lJ'lA.t:lon of the t\m nnd in t\1rn oporn.ted n. regeneration tn>•-

vr:l tar l\nit/ or l"'tnch An desi.rPr\. \n1en '>:nl.;• one tApe WA.B being read, 

the third set '>f roln.,vR cni1trnlleC'. tho nltornnte aw:ltohina of oha.r·· 

actara to the firl't ... nri 1r.c1Jnc1 sr.t. Ontp11t of the f'irat relq set 

at ench step wan th~ difforonce of the two cbn.rncters being held. 

Ord:llllU"7 5-lrval tn~e wna uaAd, ~t n speed of 10 ohnractera per 

aecond. Resi4ta werr ncc1U"F1.tc 1 f'r.r.ter thM by hnnc\, and could be 

expressed in print, :ln tnpo, '>r tn 11otb. It has be•m dismantled. 

B.ef 1 M • .A. 0. Outl 1.ne ,/tA 5 

NATIONAL SECURrrY AGENCY '-l:.1'-= TOP SECRET CANOE 
• 

• 

• 

TOP SECRET .C1\Nftlt ID:A60928 Thia document is to be read only by thoae personnel officially indoctrinated in accc!d!'..!!'!'! ':'!'!!h '!O:-!??-

munication intelligenoe, security regulation9 and author1.:r.ed to receive the information reported herein. 

TSP. 8'88MT 8:Yf8B 

May 1953 

J,H;ITED SBLT~CTOR 

The LI!HTJi:D SELF.CTOR (anrl TRAF3FER ATTACH::T'iJ:TT) vm.s n code recogni tton Elncl r1eci.pher:i.n:~~ (levice 1i.r.od ns ri.n r:i..j r1.fJ 1n wor1::int~ ndcli ti ve 

ilepth•. The fi.rst model bullt mnrkod·thc stnrt of n lnre;e fo.mily of 

dec:lphorin{': clevicor., 1.nCluclii;t:'. n.11 tlrn SJ~LTcCTORS, tho CODE RJDCOGHITIOll 

Ul!IT n.ncl nll of the J-Sc!]JARF. rloviceB. Three LIHITFm SEL~CTORS were 

buUt by Arrn:i' s F Brni1ch, witl1 r'.eliv,cry an.too of 21 December 194.1, 

4 FebrlL'lr~.r ~914, :tnt'l ;~G Fcbrlt.,.r:r 1944. 

The first "odel rccdvo<l fom· consocntivo cipher groups from the 

TABULATOR, strlppor'. off lee;.' .onrl sent the rcsnltint; possible plriin 

groups hnc:< to be pr:lnterl. :lf l.t recocnizcrl ~.monc them one of the high 

frequenc/ froups net 1.r!: on 0 plu,_:;bo: .. rci. ·l)[IJ10ls. l-1odels ?. and ~ contninod {ln 8 x 20 plu.::_:1lonrr. nn!1. nilcli tive tro11pr. plugged on lt \-1ere 

~~pped from ci ch er text ( rece i vorl from the TABULATOR four groups at 

a ti;;;;,.). Also, tl:e SO x ~"! nl11r;lioarr\s crere the removable elide 

tY))C, not fixed ,o.~ in t:-te f-irr:t r·iodel. 

The firnt model HRS fi'H x 5 11 x 2'D , the 11l1lgboard being 

mounted. ont from the e.ir1e of the tvo frmnes. Both of the .later models 

measured 6 1H x 7 11 x ~·p nncl. 1r101.mtcd the nFJnols bet\veen the two . . 

frames. All oper"tcd with .o. ~.05 TABULATOR nt 80 cards per minute. 

A Ln'.ITF:D SF.Ll~CTOR j'RAFSF:SR ATTACHMF.JTT (4, 1H x 2'1 x 2'D) was 

completed on 3 AU£;ust 1944, providing n. relay Ul1i t for transferring 

480 leads to the LHIITED SELEC~'OR, thus permitting the code reco[';ni ti on 

- l -

IOI JEGtl'!T 6*1f5!J 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY •·~,'J,',i.'osc TOP SECRET C1\NOE 
I 

This document i~ to be read only by those personnel officiB!ly indoctrinated in accordance with com- munication intel~ence security regulations and author1.zed to receive the information reported herein. 

!Of Sl.1Jt3Ml!klfe311 . ·· . . .. 

LIMITED SELEO.TOR (Cont Id.) 

unit to scan two sets' of ~od.e groups. 

Ref: NSA-354B files' 

Mr. F •. Mayol . 

\ 

All are now dismantled. 

' 

.. 

\ 

~sl<lltllr-eB . \ . ' . 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY ··. Form1 fJ~lOSC TOP SECRET Ct'1NOE 
I I Ma7 1953 

MAISill 

MAISIE (AJ'SAF D'14) ia a magnetlo card. tile and look-up d.evice, 

a general purpoae d.eooder of smaller oapaoliT than vaa plamied for 

on, a similar equipment. !rhree model• are being bu.ilt b7 Inter-

• 

national 'Bo.aineaa Machine Corp., two for BSA and pne for ASA. The 

f:lrat ia oompletecl and being teated, with deliver,. due in June 1953, 

Capacit7 of the two inagnetic dram.a in tandeJSria -about 245,000 

cbarac-tera, or 611 traoka of 480 charaotera each. !hia ~until to 

. i . • 

t1ve to ten thousand code groups and •aninga. 1iaoh ten 'o seventT 

I 

characters in leng1;h, Input and output ia a 4!J7 WULAmll vhloh 

I ~. 

read.a up to ten &-charact~ code groups from a card, prints eaoh I I . ~ 

and, via electronic look-up circul ta• find.a and auppU.ea tor pri1Lt1ng purpoaea the corresponding meanings from the druma, 

I Sise of .MAISlll ia 5'B x 6'L z. 4 1D , plua 4IYI T.ABlJLA!OEl, which 

print• 150 linea per minute. I~ w11_1 be located at -.Arling'b>n Hall · 

Statton, lloom 1600-A.. 

lits llr. J. Deutsch 

Hr. JI. J'l•:lnc 

Kr. J. :raw ... 

RESTRICTED 
MAMBA 

MAMBA, (OXLT) was a message setting device which compared 

I 

digital information, satting enciphered code or additive by recognition of plain code. Two were built for Na'V)" by National Oaah 

Register Co., and delivered on 15 December 1944, arriving after the 

• 

apecif'io problem had died. 

Input was by apeoiall7 coded I:BM carda. Numerical key data, 

usually + , 0 or - weigh.ta, was placed in fixed reading positions, 

while cipher in another IBM card deck was moved through a reading 

gate slide-run fashion, one position at a time, and compared. The 

11 acazming11 feature of the code (even division by three of code groups) 

was the teat being made. The message teated was usuall7 known to be 

on a particular additive page. Reading of cipher was done 'b7 2400 

brushes (10 digits in 80 colunm.o in three card.a), which co·aJ.d make ,, 

contact throu,.)1 the reading head onl~\through punched holes. The 

device alao had a weight summing arrangement which in effect totalled 

the number of circuits completed and stopped the machine when a preset threshold was exceeded. Recording of hits was done manually. 

Original intended to be a desksized ai~lification aim.ilar to 

OOP.PEaHEAD, it measured 5 1H x 3 1L x 3 1D and tested tour poaitiona 

per second, or one 08.fd per minute. Later devices made it obsolete, 

so it was diamentled. 

:aat: OIT paper 4 

NSA.-064 files 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

. !l'aP Rm! Ql\Ba 
REF ID:A60928 ·~ -. l 

-

• 

-

" 

I 

J 

l 
REF ID:A60928 

MAMBA 

Q~T.ii 1StffilffFnoT1-a1 
~ e P cY-FcI-D =•i-fl·9~ • N e E l.J .£,/ ~ .L"' i:J .L ~ l i: 

TU daamnent ia to be read 0111¥ b.11' tbme ~Del ollkllllU1' ladoetrmated •D --..., wat.11. aom- IDllDlmlt1o11 lnl:lllllpDae •mrlt7 fosiilatlollll im.d autbadad to raaaln the mf--.on. niported lunbl. 

!P9P Sfl6R'R! e:~ 

3.3(h)(2) 

86-36/50 USC 3605 

Ma.7 1953 

?IARTHTI EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

?fARTilU (XF.l·T) wns a iravy rl"lay .a.naloc for LOI;rGFF..LiaOW, the 

.I ran.cl. comparable in function to 

the Ar~r• s TAM A:i.ALOG. It wns built by ~favy (Lt. KilhAm' B project) 

in 1948 fr-om parts ca.nni balized from PYTHON. INITRA.M was a companion machine llhich Rtem>ed in reverse throuGi the key cycle i:R. arde:r 

to exploit wea.kne1.sea in messfLGe endin~s. 

The machine was tape fed and simulated with relays the action 

and MAR9!INl and 

IllITRAM were accordin~ly retired. 

Wheel patterns had to be kno\m, but wheel plugging ( seleation of 

the two wheels to be reD.d) could be found by tria:t. BJ\d p;t:rQr, !l!he 

machine, no" dismantled, measured 6•H x 4'L :z: 41D • :Ra:\;" of operation \las 6 to 8 characters per second. 

Ref: Dr. H. Campaie;ne 

Mr • C. Higgins ' 

l·tr. J. Stapleton 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

REF ID:A60928 

MARTINI 

XEJl 

and also OOTRAM,, 

identical. in n.p">earan e 

-
MibdiiW lbi' 1953 

!'c SJJOYD. I RD.n II 

·rcSlTOY!l, (il'SA.F-D7S) nn."1.ocoua to :tTo.V7' a 0 1UALLEY, 1.s P.n olectro:i.ic cross ·proi'ucto:; SUJll cor.muter. Hottel I, 1n bren.dbonrd form, 

tll."8 a built b;· :rSA.-~51C in .1\:u,~ust 1950. McSFO!D II, N1 aperationn.l 

I 

model, is due to be cor.t,iloted in April 1953. In June 1951, an aloe- . tron1c BU".J.RY-DE:TA.RY COIVY.R!l'1!1R uaa dosi~d and incorpora.ted into 

VoSJ.J0?1> I Rnd ,;Rvo n printed record on a ra~enerntion typewriter. 

•, The COBVn.."?lR. wa.R incorporatod into ?l'cSlJOYD I and 'tlB.B also used in I 

reyerse n.a input to .A.BrS, f:criR.l 1. 

UcSl'!OYD' a function is 1.'> con!'mte and awn the croBB products of 

two sets of i'.1~ tal voluoa foe.'. in on tn.pe A.t about 200 chA.racters 

per aocond by a mo~if1od ~ou"~le &ended AFS.AF-25 RlCADJ!IR, Th.a ma.chino 

recopisea plus ,,r.d M1.m1a ~,,, ... 1bcra. Out'PUt circuit to the COllVDQ. 

is throuc;h n ~~ : ~~ plt\:bo~rd. Pifteon bi:rw.ry diaita are expressed a9 five doc\r.inl nii~bn~~ for ~rint-;\ut, oris1naJ,l7 'b7 A reSise ia 5'H :x- r,1 L 7 Jl.1 !> • i:!cS:?OYD I, PlrN\d,v disJDFLD.tled 

operatod e.t ton di;:ite :.er .aec>ntf; :roc1.cl II, located at ArlinGton Hnll 

Station \~ Roo~ oa~-», o~erotrs nt 100 ~roduct~ For second. Tho 

_ .200 m par aocond. 

Rof: lTS.A.-03 Files 

?Ir. J. :Ool1tech 

Ur. ti. l.:al.."l "'=' 

fir. J. °R'iesell 

Rlii.1111'.! 

.... 
Mny 1953 

MEIHOURY 

MERCURY ( CJam, l!'ULJ, SELECTOR DEVICE) wa.1:1 the Navy- countorpart 

I 

of the .Army SLID!ll-Rtm machine, a relay-operated group--scoring dcvico 

for placing messagos against key in additive-enciphered digital codo 

systems.. Essentially it was a 10 ,000 group catalog with provision 

for assignment of weights (0 to 19) to ee.ch group. The one model 

built dated from June 1945 and was designed for research into weighting methods- It was later expanded from 4 to 5 digit, plus a 100,000 

group catalog by effectively building 10 such machines in tandem. 

The device was relay operated and consisted of en 077 COLLATOR 

for card input, a selector and weighting unit, an electronic adding 

machine and storage unit~ An electronic ring counter was used in 

totaling weights. Data was supplied one group per card (originally 

four-digit only) and the COLI..ATOR selected all cards whose total of I 

weights exceeded a preset threshold. In effect, MERCURY dragged 

cipher against additive, mado a weighted frequency count of resulting 

possible plain, na.tched the overall total against a threshold and 

selected a deck of cards containing all 11 hits 11 which exceeded it. 

\·Th.an no key ,.,as knol'm, an attack bo.sod on weighting and matching of 

ci]Jhol' differences (of two messllf;9B in depth) with code group diffe1•onceo was possi'ble. The mo.chi.nB was also capable of a GEEim1zz1:rt 

type ucago agr.inst tl"anapositio11 Rystems where digraphs showed eufficient frequency varlati.on to l'e statistically significant. 

- l -

CdJ#F!IJ64'T #lb 

a1!S-1RleT~D: 

Q'IEfrJtij 
r 

1 

\ 

·-

- itliJWlIS'fli.B 

I The original four-digit model was· \7 1H x 14'L x 2 1D , plus 

COLLATOR. When it was exp~~;dto accombodate five-digit, additional 

additive racks were attached, in effebt 1roducing ten four-digit 

: \ 

MEROURYS in tandem. The equipment then took up most of a room, 

measuring a°b9'1J.1i 7 1H x 40 1L 

0

x 2 1D • \ It oierated at four cards ~er l 

second. 

... • L 

\ 
r·'''""I'" ·~"' 1 .. •' , , II . Ill)·• 't.\\ r{'1\l .. J) 10),..,,<, ,, ·-'~··_~ ... ,~.,, .~,'.~~ 

:,cc; - --

-= 

• ' "I ,. ' ' 
MERCURY 

FULL SELECTOR DEVICE 

CJGl) 1' N-2900 
?hy 1953 

MIKE 

MilGil loXMl.i, NCR DIGRAPH COUNTER) was a versatile monogr::t.ph and 

digi.·aph counter, replaced in' July 1949 by ALOAT"1lAZ, a faetor, bir;gor 

and more flexible counter~ The contract was let to Nationo.l. Cash 

Regioter in October 1943 and delivery was made to Naval Comniunications 

.~--::~ -· -

Annex in April 1944,, 

The machine was baaicall~ two units. One was an 8 1 x a• 

counter board containing 52 "visual" counters with 999 capacitT for 

row-column totals, and 676 dial counters with 50 capacity for dierhph 

counting. The other unit was a double-headed read.er and associated 

plugboard. A single impul~e from each of two standard tapes is fed 

from the reader to a matrix, combined into a digraph and sont to 

(1) a particular dial counter and (2) the two associated Veeder 

counters £or row and column totals. Results were read v~.su.ally from 

the board and copied by hand. Plans to use a 70mm cam.era to photograph the counters were never carried through. 

The device replaced ma.n.ual counting and a slow 11MATTBEtl M-26 11 

I 

run, handling up to 26 x 26 separate scores. Army Security Agency's 

CONDENSER FREAK was more f"le:xible and f"aster, but not so dependable 

as MIKE. Eight characters per second was the ra~e, and size was 

6 1H x 7 1L x 2 1D plus ~wo 8 1 :x 8 1 counter boards. 

Ref: GYA Report 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

C#ft FfD€AT71J1t;; 

19g&TRICTJID 
; ..... ,, 1 ••• 

• I '., ..... 
REF ID:A60928 

' '. HID 

CXMM, M-910 

NCR DIGRAPH COUNTER 
SEGURl':PY INPOftM*'f'fON' 

May 1953 

MISTRESS 

MISTilESS (AFSA1-D73A) ia a special purpose rcpen~ search device. 

a relay gate used in conjunction with a modified 407 TA:BUJ..ATOR. The 

purpose is to' find messages w:l th a significant number of group repeats, ao in the case of accidentally unenciphered code message. 

One model was built by NSA-224, and began operating in June 1952. 

The device reads 120 characters from cards, (24 pentagraphe or 

30 tetragraphs) and treating one half at a time, interr.mtches every 

group to find repeats. 78 comparisons are ma.de in a.bout one second 

and the TABULATOR prints a line of twelve pentagraphs or fifteen 

tetragraphs after each set of matches. In addition, a marginal digit 

showing the number of repeats found in the line printed. Weighting of hits (0-9) is done by plugboard and blank group hits are dis-· 

counted in this manner. The message print is a by-product. 

The device measures 3 1H x 3 1L x 3 1D and is used b7 NSA-22 at 

Arlington HeJ.l Station in Room 1600-A. It is designed to consider 

text as ·.;e;·.;:ragraphs automa.tica:i.~.;ir ..,.hile pen"Gag:-c;:. 1.c matching ~at 

be set up byplugboard. ListiL5 ~ate is 75 cardn ~er m1n~iu or two 

TABULATOR card cycles per t;~s· .• 

Ref: Mr. N. Andrews 

Mr. J. Powers 

•I 

REF ID:A60928 

.. MISTRESS 

AFSAF D73A 

-..1. th IBM 407 TABULATOR 
Thia docwncnt •• to be read only by thoao peraonnel officially indoctnnated m accordance with com• mwdcation intelllgenoe security regulation• and authorized to receive the information reported herein. 

I-fay 1953 

M-8 , 

The M-8 (AFS.AF-108, XBL) is a deciphering device built on a converted ECM (SIG.ABA) frame, able to simulate ENIGMA wheel stepping end 

used chiefl~ as an analog for higher than hand speed decryption and 

cryptanalytic teating. Starting in 1943, about thirteen such equipments were built, varying a good deal as to type. It replaces the 

so-called PAPER MACHINE, a set of cardboard strips in slots in a 

cardboard frame for tracing circuits and reproducing wheel motion. 

The device uses regular two-sided ENIGMA wheelsi some con be 

tape operated. The widest usage is to assist work on the J30MBE or 

other special machines. Many were incorporated in larger equipments 

such as HYPO, for example, to produce ENIGMA key as needed. 

Its size is negligible, slightly over 1 1H x 1 1L x 1 1D; it 

usu.ally operates at tape reader speed, 6 to 8 characters per second 

and is found in various locations and sections, three at .Arlington 

Hall Station in Room 2050-A. 

Ref: CIT Paper TS-4 

LCDR R. Greenwood 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Form/f,.Yf~OSC TOP SECRET C1\:NOE 
REF ID:A60928 
REF ID:A60928 

••-·--M• .. llltl•• .... a~ 
May 1953 

NOR DIFFERENCING OALOULATOR 

The NCR DIFFI!IR.ENOil~G OALCULA.TOR (~SAF-118, ADDITIVE CALCULATOR, 

JEEP) is a des,k-top device built in quantity in 1942 by National 

Cash Register ,9ompan7 for Navy, and in the following year for Army, 

used either for stripping probable additive from cipher groups in 

depth in search of high frequency code groups, or to difference such 

groups in depth to fi11d probable relative additive. Two, now obsolate, were operated by hand, but most are motor driven and perform 

non-carrying addition or subtraction on 5-digit or ~~~ler groups 

for up to twenty- groups in depth. 

Each calculator has twenty rows of five windows and into each 

I 

row a pentagraph or shorter group may be set. .A:n.7 additive or minuend ma7 be tried again1t this column of groups, using non-carrying 

arithmetic, or a pair ck groups may be differenced. The machine can 

) perf.;rm twenty cal.~ula;ions simultaneously, retaining the original 

f!Ultries fo~ :further tests. 

' 

,Ope~ation is .a.t the rate of up to one cycle per second. The 

I 

(' I 

1

nav1Fe facilitates hand solutions, but is unsuited to large scale 

I I 

add ,stripping or aquare conversions stripping. It can be used to , 

add further messages to a depth. An NOR DIFFEB.ENOING CALCULATOR is 

about 2 1H x 1 1L x 2 1D • Most operatin& divisions have a fEd in I ' 

I their possession, still available for use! 

Ref: M.A. C. OUtline =//=13 
-----..-----.---~--------

REF ID:A60928 

-·· ·--=-~·· • I ..... ......... v ... C" ..... -·r.·:'_; ... - ---.. -· .. 

.:--= -M,- -
REF ID:A60928 

NCR DIFFERENCING CALCULATOR 

A'JSAF 118 

CXDGlJ JEEP.t ADDITIVE CALCULATOR 

M...J+ 11..ACHINE 

~~LJNFf DENTIAL; 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

Tb.111 docwnant 111 to be road only by those ~onneJ oftlelally 1ndoet.rlnated J.a accardaaae Mt.h aom- munieatio11 i11telli1e11ee security regulatiollB and authorized to receive the information reported herel11. 

May 1953 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 PINK ANALOG 

Pilm: ANALOG was a relay device which ., ,.!.&,U.lated the functions of 

' th1 IPINK 

traffic. Navy's counterpart to this equipment wa;\called RICKY. Two 

\ units were built by Army, the first in April 1946.the second in 

November 1947. 

The device had a keyboard or tape reader input; outpu was to a 

regeneration typewriter. 

All wheel positions were shown by lights. Plugging and pinwheel starting positions had to be known. A print of 

either component could be had if desired. 

The system was and some work has 

been done on th1~ backlo5 ofi traffic. Dimensions of the machine were: 

6 1H x 2 1L x 2 1D , plus keyboard, typewriter and read.er. Serfal 1 

was dismantled and Serial 2 was sent to the museum and later disposed 

of for lack of 'pace. 

Ref: M.A.c. Outline #55 

Mr. F. Mayol 

Mr. J. :Raisch 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Form1 !Y~~OSC TOP SECRET CANOE 
fil:F ID= A8w-eaE~ 

SBCUftl'fY INf!OIUtfA'flON 

Rf5Tl~ICT'eP 

?fe.T 1953 

PLUTO 

PLUTO (AFMF-30, the OYOLil Al!ALIZER) is a apeciJ!J. purpose ~cnerRtinr. devjco ~nth computing elements, designed to tud~ c~cle 

I 

structtires .$enera.ted by recuJ.arly or erra.ticall;y st"fPing rotor, .• 

It was built by Sylvania Electric Products Inc., of ~oston, ~t~·~ •• 

for MSA-34 and delivered ~n July 1951. It sinmla.tes a VRI'iety of 

rules of motion by rotors of up to 27 = l~ points and perforns 

counts and studies on resultillG cycles. Not strictl7 analytic, it 

merely determines the nature and length of cycles, sub~aycles and 

lead-in 11equences from any bivon starting point, thus permittt~ 

st'Ud1' of key generation, 

In aperation, R particular zluie of motion is set up b7 ~ro~er1~ 

interconneeti~ basiq epr.u>onents :of the frames. A starti~ '~1ni is 

sel,eeted °b1' means ~f Ranin.~ton Rand cards: results are di11pJ.8.:f~d on 

I • 

neeJI, lit?;htt1. !?h:ree comparator nnits function as memories ap.c\ ltop I 

\he ~"4A\~e when a ~elected settin& is reached. .A.utoma.t1~ 'earo~ 

' fer a settinb repetition is built in to stop the ma~~i~~ ~1 ~ coin~ 

I 

aidene.e a.tLd indiqate the lensth qf the cycle tested and the ienc\h Qf 

'\18.ft ~eoently modified to make automatic the recBgnition Qf Qe~tain 

eapvergenc~ aitua.tions. 

It consists of 28 fra.raes arranged in two parallel banks, each 

8 1H x 40 ~ x E'D • pl~s a 61H x 9 1L x 4'D power supply, RA.ta Qf 

operation ia diA.1 control.led, r&n6in.g .!l:om -500 to a million pu1ses 

\ 
. .. . .. " 

BBGURR'Y DlF<>Rlfld'ION 

f\t S7/i 1676.) 

···~ 

or sottill:';s n second. Location is at Naval Securit7 Station in 

. - - Room ?.0101;·. In mnn;:r respects its cirouitey- is identical with 

\llIIBLWIND, Sylvania.' a electronic co111'9Uter. 

Ref: l'TSA-~4 F1.lt"S 

].Jra. i\. An.r1rnws 

i.rr. 1f. Erskine 

Mr. R. Moulton 

ans•.1. 
J 'f I t (~ 4 f 

,!': 

• ~ ,;, •I· 

.. •I .II 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 
REF ID:A60928 

PLUTO 

AFSAF .30 

CYCI,J: ANA!~yzER 
REF ID:A60928 

May 1953 

PREPUNOH VERIFIER 

The l'F.EPUNCH VERIFIER (AFSAF-D67) ia a tape verifier• E\ m,odification of CXCO lettE1rwriting equipment whi.ch ~hecks! ifhe accuracy- of 

two typings of 50 characters before punching•the sequence into tapeA 

The one model was bt1ilt by NSA-354 in October 1952. It has not 

passed its tests nor been put to operational use. 

Designed for 5-level tape only, the device stores a line of 50 

characters in an equal number of relays, then matches this letter byletter with a second typing of the same text. At a wrong stroke, 

the keyboard locks, and co~rection in relay storage or key stroke 

must be made before typing can proceed. Carriage return at the end 

of the line starts the automatic tape punching proce~s and sets up 

' 

the machine for the next line. Input is by keyboard only, and output 

'~ to tape only-. .Al though very useful , the machine really has no 

cr~analytic function beyond avoidance of garbles from processing • 

. OXCO keyboard and tapepunch are mounted on the usual CXOO dolly,,_ . ........ ~ - ..... - -

2 1H x 5 1L x 3 1D , with relay equipment contained inside. Typing 1nput is at a rate up to 5 characters per eecond end output is at 10 

characters per second. It is located at NSS in Room 4177. 

Ref: Mr. J. Deutsch 

Mr. J. Ja11uary 

Hr. J. Stapleton 
-!F-0-l~~aa~99l.•~ N 0 E i='ll=t:t!~=·~:: .. ::Jt:;:; 

i'lllD.'L'PJ .&.l'fALOG 

Tbe PUBl~. ~·J~~OG 1o n rcl.n.;· t!rv1ce, "'' ."1111lnt1.J16 the Ja:p •Bn 

UA.mIIJTJIJ '>r i!U"OKI c1. pber rlaTice whiph pro,i.ncoc't PUBPiil.ll or Jnp dlplomn.tic trn1'fic •. (~ n 11A.n J.IACJtiJ-ig, procl1u:tn.: RED trn.:f'fic, preceded 

thla 117P.t.em m1c1. """" rnr.c1. 'h;v 11N11uU. methodR with no apac1nl mchine 

Aida.) Botvoon 19·•1 nnr1 1£l'D '' totnl of ci,-:ht anel.OL;B \lore bailt 

b7 A.riv nnt\ lTa.'VJ", onch qff'or1.n..oi: ir.q,r0'9'cmont, but no bN11c chl\ll.ge. 

The e~u1plllf'nt R'1Tp«"rc~~a• lUUl~ "'°tho~R ~ n pr1m1~1.'98 hRDdteater 

called SILLY Sl.111 for tr,.ci:ar, "nc".?'har1.nc c~ rcul ta throuc'h three of 

the four \thet91R. 

• 

A• t"ul JRpa W. ~ono in th" ori:;tnnl t

1mca, the amU.og ana1phara 

a aelnctod aiz latter• of th" r.l ·l1Abet tt.ir'>'IJt".h B single 1 81 wheal and 

the ramn:ln1n.:: tuent:t ll'ttorP 1.1 1rou,:1\ three •oo• 'tfliaela, with atejlping · 

prOT!ded nutnmr.ticnll;•. All :!"01ir fl.re :?15 point whaela, almalated bJ' 

rotar:r solector 11\•1.tc!1ra. It wP.R nPUt't ch" 11fq :ror 4aalphar1Dc. 

The il.rY:l.ce, 11111'.11•1rtn · l'H x ~~·L ~ l'D , pl17.a 'ke7board for !npu.t 

IUld recon.ernt1on t.~'"wr1.tcr .,.or 011t·:>"J.t, 1.B !"Or."IP.ll:r plRC8d on a lov 

.. tabla or '1a111

;:. Ttro Pl'>t'lRle 11rn :•011 4.n exiatenca, one of vhioh wn.a 

I 

Ulled rcacm.tl;r in the OTP :;:mem "n~. the SCllAJ..'BLD. i:ar ka:r atud.J' pa.rpoaa• • 

. • 

lef1 ?' .A.C. 0\1tl1no 7-1:1 

l!SA.-~4 Filt'R 

Mr. ~. ![Rroton 

li:r. L. m•r.1Ltle;,r 

NATIONAL BBCURl'l'Y AGBNCY 
r·- 'I ~F e 

' I 

'\ 1 I '~" .... .. ., 111' I, 

l 

' ! 

I 
REF ID:A60928 

PUR'PLE ANALOG 

for HINOKI, 01 t~e Jap 11s~1 JmllNE 

Laa't Na·q model 

~ 
Th111 docu.m.ca.t 111 to be read only by thoae per11onnel ofl"unally 1ndoetr1nated JD accordanco WJth com- munication 1ntelllgence aecur1ty regUlatlona and authmzed to receive the mformat1on reported herein. 

Mo.y 1953 

PUJU>LM DUDBUSTER 

.......... 

The PtmPIJE DUDBUSTER was an electrical cribtester made from a 

modified PURPLE ANALOG nnd used to find the stepping order and settings of the three \/heels which encipher the 20-le tter portion o! 

the alphnbot in Jap Diplomatic traffic. It ~as employed after the 

11 6 11 letters, enciphered on a single separate wheel, had been recovered end when plain and cipher steckering were known. It was 

built by Army in 1945 and operated at AHS until VJ day, when it e.nd 

its running mate, the PUft.PLE ANALOG, were retired to the museum, 

One model of the ANALOG was modified for automatic stepping 

and plugged to decipher text to be analyzed (i~e., recognized) by 

sets of rotors. Starting at position 111 and aroitrarily selecting 

I 

one fast - medium - elow order, the machine was set in motion. At 

the point the first plain-cipher pair was satisfied, tho machine 

. considered the second pair, and so on through the full crib until a 

contradiction occurred.. In that case the next po si ti on is as'sumed 

and the process repeated. A total hit would probably be the true 

one, end could readily be verified so as to end or continue testing. 

Average time for obtaining solution wae 35 minutes. one wheel 

order run taking 18 minutes. Initial plugging and setting time was 

negligible. 

Ref: M.A.o. Outline ~44 

Mr. E. D. Marston 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

TOP S'MClUil:P C Hl'9E 
'' 

'I I 

i I ,, , I '' I 

'I 

I., 

I 

·• I 

,, 

...... '1116•1 

' , • ., •• ""1"1·1r I'''"' l""lll'l 1

1

11r.· ·•w""l ':"&'"'""r"'u1•1111m111·111111111'111!tlll?:"i'll"l"ft'lll'll'll'l'"'""1"~ 11 • 'J1ju ~.ii~ ll11ot ..Wi!w.L.a.i:~11rlln1.:~ U:UU.UIUU.l!ll"'4~.J.U9~B.:t.'::..a..IJ:.Ji1 ,, 

__________________________ HAI EC ~ •• __.) 

"' HO HI RUN I •i 

~-------------------------- ~ 

1112 NHJ 1r Cl! HI TR2 TPJ Tr 

l>t 

1~~11 ! 

!1,~, , 

I, 

' .. I• 

1

1• I 

. ., 

r 
REF ID:A60928 

PURPI.~ DUDBUSTBH 

~ 

-F. ,O Tl-I ~ 
'iliO P ~ tfft'EC!lf2 $\"fl:6 E·· 

TJaq dammaa.t q to be NA OD!¥ b)'. th- parmnnel a11kna117 llllioatrlllated IB aaccmlallaa With - llllllll•tloll 1nal11PD• •1111r1t1" nlllilabom mad autluldad to -"the mfmmation i:epartacl .._... 

4'f"l!!:l'.w..~-~ Maq 1D53 

ROBIN I Nld II 

ROBIN (OXOR, .AFSAJ1-D/u4 and AFSD-D/54-l) la a photoelootrio 

comparator for mritchin6 tapoa round robin. It was doeigned b7 3620 

a.nc1. built by EnginoeriJ18 Roaoaroh Aasooiatea, the first tvo (known 

os IlOBIN I or J,:gSJil-D/(3, bein" d~liverod in Novembor and Decembor 

1900. Thirtoen moro oallod AFSJJP-D/54-1 throuDi -13 hnvo ainoo boen 

built. Tho original pair mul the 13th no:enr of tho second group, 

atill cratod, o.ro now stored. 

In oporation, two telet)']le tapos usu8.l.11 of 15 to 20 thousand 

charaotera each are fod paot a dual tape read.or, acBllD.od photoelectrically at o. ro.to of 5 thouao.nd charaotora par second and compared at ettectivel:r 50 thousand characters per second. DI.a threahold for a hit is a prosot straight lino criterion. ROBIN generates 

its own atep-t'unction ori te1•io:n (ratio botwoon expected coi:n.cidenoea 

and number o:r compariuons) as it mn.tchea each new moaaage overlap, • 

and punohoa a card or not whencvdr a me11ao.go break in eithor tape 

paases the read.er. Counting 1a actually charaoter b7 character, with 

dita ignored. Meaaage identii'ication and overlap information oau.aing 

the requirod high monographio coinoidenoe are :rnnched in binar1 :form 

into a card b:y a 61'1 REP.RODUCER PUNCH. A logical extension of OONN'Il!J, 

it unaa similar and additional circuitr7. .An optional 11 bonua• circuit weiffhta consecutive monog!raphic hits, thus tending to aeloat 

pol7gioapht.c coinaidences. 

Dimenoions are 7 1H x 12 1li x 2 1D , plua road.er, punch and powor 

aupply. Complete matching between two ao,ooo c'hllractor tapea take 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
ROBIN I IUld II (Cont•d.) 

11.bout two ri.ul'\ n. hfl.lf honrR. All tvolve A.ro oparatin& at .AHS 1.n 

'Boom 0221-13. At T>roaent thPl'f! 1a considernblc doubt an to RO'l3IN1 a 

theoreticPl nbilit~ to diatinGUish atntiatical.17 between random and 

caua~l situations na it was dr.~ign.od to do. 

Ref: Iii'. J. Dn.t.ah 

Mr. D. BogmL .... J • ....,. 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

- ~ -

. 

. - llQBI! 7?!' 
I 

!l!8l' Sll9Bm aAH9B 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

,_J:/ 

. ,,. lfa.7 1953 

• ... I 

SUIR. ~(AJ'SAl'-10;;; "tJXDA) t.a an electr1cn.J. analog of a cipher daTice 

lmown"t'ar:loulJ' aa the HAGl!ILIW 0-38, OSP-1500 or M-209. It ia uaed 

for enct.:pb.ering or deciphering tra:f'tt.o and tor various crJP1lanal.Jt1c 

proceaaea auchl I teat1ng a~ated. 

-· - aettinp :ln conjuncUon vi fih JllOAD and V.ABLOCJC I and other apec1al -

operationa. It generate• all or part of the an.tire 6-vheel 070la of 

'about 101 •illion eleman.ta. Serial 1 waa milt 'bJ' l'ational Oa.ah 

Jleglater Oo., and. B&TJ' :ln late 1944 and t.a now d111111BD.tla4. J'our d'lihera 

\ . of a different model., f'ollowecl ahort17, but; all are baaioallJ' ident:loal. 

~·· JILIO'l'.B.ICAL HAGILI:I ABALOG 0-38 ('l'ef'er to M.A.c. Outline '33) 

la a comparable machine, aligb.tl7 faster, uaing relap :lnatead ot 

actual Bagel in wheel a. !l!he SAftll HIW> (DBD-103/10) la a apeaiall1' · 

' deTeloped pattern generator which punches the 6 wheel pattern.a lnto 

tllJ)8. It waa developed b7 l'&'VJ' :ln 1944 at the aama time SA!rm vaa. I 

Bach m.chine oonalata of (1) tvenf;J'-tvo 26-pot.nt avit;ohe"a (6 tor 

k1alc, 16 tor overleg>, 1 tor alt.de), (2) a converted aat ot JWl.~IB 

Vhaela, (3) a ke;rboard for input and (4) an. 8 x 20 plugboard to 

malr:e both input and output; pluggable. !L'he input aontac'fi• of the plug-

'boa'L'd are oonneotad t.o 1ihe avitch-rel&J' uuita,. inolucl:l.ng \be alide, 

llZld back q;ain to the output oontaota of the plugboarcl.. If all 

nitahaa are ae'fi at 1otf' 1 , f;ha :Input :impulse goea through unahanged. 

A gi.TeD avi tch-ralq 1• operated aa maDJ' ti~a aa there are act1Ta 

- l -

NATIONAL SECURITY AnENCY ~171\°flasc TOP SECRET CANOE 
.. ' 

e. 

!ll9P SIEIRI'! 6#«)!1 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

....._ _______ ___,l'Both input and output_,. be by either U.pe or 

Dimanatona Ta:r7 onlf' altghtl7 between the two .,dela, &Teraglng 

. about 4 1B: x. 4 1L x 3 1D plua a lteJ"board, a regene:ratlon 1;1JMIW!'f;e:r, 

a read• and a panoh, all uauaJ.ly aet on a D881"b7 deak o:r atand. !l.'he 

e&Z'lJ' mod.el vu the larger. Dire• machine• are looa 1;ed at; ll'a1"'81 

8eaur1 t;7 Sta t:lon, two of vh:lch are :ln lloom aOl.03 vi th BJIOA!I. !l.'he 

fifth ia at USBCllL in St. Paul. Opera:~ing apeed la 6 aharaotera pe:r 

aeaozul. BATD permit• anal.J1;1c atud.J' of 8J17 one eleaent or aombluatlon of elamanta ot the O-t11>e HAGllLIH. 

M.A. O. Outline "1 

OI!-!S 61 

Mr. I:. P. Cook 

Mzt. J. St;aple1;on 

• 

-aNATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
r-----:-====--

- I • ..,.;:- T 

~ 

r 

----It-- ~ 

~--- -

~,~1~--~. - ------
REF ID:A60928 
. , 

J~ ... .,. 1953 

The CIPHJ!R HACllll!H Sll'J.'!1110 G'IDD.A'l'Oll (il'SA.1 ~6, OllBG) ia a 

I 

rnJA..v opr.r:-ted te&t.1Jl6 i'a'rl.ce vh:lch oan ailrmlate :f'U'teen rotora of 

up to 80 .i-,oattiona, unch ateppin,s ecoordille .tct al.moat ILD1' rule of 

motion. Ita aim :la to facilitate such OJ'Cl• at'Dili.aa aa 1f8r& con-. 

ch10ted UDl\er t!JC .cr.&..JmA:.·cz "ProJoct b:r repraduai113 auaceaa1T8 whaal 

!'O&:ltiona of moat ?>nnu:i.l cipher mnch!nea. !!ha one moc1al ,... built 

'bJ F."'o&l.-~53 OU 111. Hn.,\• 1~ 51 • 

. . The f'ml.ct:lon of .. U'SAJ' ~3 ia to r.enarato All 1uooaaa:lT8 rotor 

e aett:ln.;a poae:lblc :ln r...D,..,. CJ"Cln, ncorc!inr,: (1) aftar aaoh atapp:lnt: 

a:rcle, (~) 11f'tC'r 0sclrctotl. c;rclc.a anl:r or (8) on all or aaleata4 

1fheol 'POBit!on.a onl=r· !loR•:lJ.tn 1.a.,· b~ :In printed or pmicha4 ta.pa(' 

fom n.n.c1. :.'ID\r !ncluc.1.r ate:;;rl':L~ inatn\C:t!ona. It hall appl:laat:lon to 

auch :p:roble:.ia BD Imr.z··, notcbo~ r1.1lt,-:; or vi:rea. rotor maah:lnea and . • I 

'Permits· at'.1.=i.;- at r-ll.~s o~ ,JDt!'ln, r~to1· 1•.:r:lDG nncl koJ' generation. · . Sat-up of notc?L p..".ttarn, r'Jlc of rX>U nn NI.I\ ard.er of' 11haol print ia 

b:- plUGbOl\l'C!.a RDf i&'!~. t:!.f'.l •o~t1.1\;; ~-' '!..•7 ·,"118J1button. t.rl:1ero are. tvo ' I • 

reading -pos:l t:lona for ttl\cll or t:1n £'10 y,hoel-poai tions • 

• 

Sise :la s•u z l51L JC :.2' 1D ,,11\8 o:ma Pq1.dpment mu\ power auppl7. :a...te of ~w.t:lon ia :'-5 sta-..,11 J>Cr u!nuto, or up to :UO itcp11 

9 ... ---"11th.out print1n.:.;. It 1.e i\IEH\ opcrnt'toDBll:: e.t JTSS in noon 17114. 

Ref: Mr.' X. Bhodos 

Ur~ O. Sr.ll:lerlmN1n 

. irr. R. Scn.c:p1ehl 

SECRET 
... ....., 

e· 

e '7'"4tS 

Mq 1963 

SLIDl-RUll KACiaD 

SLIDl-llUI IWJHID (.AJSAl-29 AXAB/l, IBM 1931, OQDI UOOGQ'l!C>I 

UJI!I!) waa a relq daolpherlng and •aaage aetting dnioe, uad. to 

place 4- 01" 5-4.lg!' meaaagea againat; a bank of :reaoT.aoacl ke7, 'b7 

'o anent;een groupa were alao poaat.ble, Bt.ght; 4-digl't; 118Ch1nea an4 

one 5-cllgl t; mahlne were bull t; 'b7 7 :Bran.ah of ._., bet;weeza aarl7 

1944 and 1946. It waa 11Uperceded 'b7 80.D and. SLBD. 

A 408 !AJH1LA!lnl.raad. 17 aonaaautl•a gl"OUJ>9 at; a t;i• 1;o thla 

gaiJe which empl.0184 oount;era and rela1'• t;o •trip an equal length 

of Jm7 from the 0'011P• thrcn:l&b appropr:lat;e d.eo:lpbel'iq •rpal"••• At; 

thtt aae t;l• l' •fiohecl reaultl:ng poeal'bl.e plain ll'OUJ>9 apt.net a 

••1•ote4 aet of 100 high f'requa.07 groupa aet up on a plqbom'cl. 

At; a hit;, t;he ~ prt.n'ed. a record ot' t;be line, tn4:1aa:t;!ng 

b7 a 4lt; to the ript v'b.:t.cb. groupe were reaoplsed.. I' vaa adapt;- . • I able to three-diglt tritft:lo alao • 

.A weighting d.eYioe vaa included. in ~ latel' mollela, vlth a 

\ogle mt;ah to set; the 'hrellh.o14. !he DICJD'lllB;JBG UBI!, 'ba1lt; 

. aoz.u:r at,. the fir•' SLI:D-ll1JI MAOBIDS, vaa 'ba1ioal.~ •111!1819 

!• 

'ba.t; ld.n.a t;ha noop! fit.on el•enta. Both are ot the Jll.~ t•. •117 

ot d.eoSpl:ull'ing aahlnee. Dlmenat.ona were 6 1B x 7 1L z a•D • .Aa I ' 

3LBOBOJ1IO OmauI! lllllAlll (l'B z a•L z a•D) -· bailt; by .AS-93 1D 

1947, inoreaaing the SLlDl-l.UI llADBIDS rate trma 80 to •11SO oa:rd.a 

Qlll'I "'! 

... 
..... •I. 

• 

~JigN.T4-&L--' SECURrl'Y IXl'OltMll1TION 

SLIJB-&UB MAOBID ( Oont 1d. ) 

11114 SLBD equipment. 

Bd1 11.A.O. Ou.tllnea fj 

B8AP-850 tll•• ... :r. lfar'ol .. • J. PoVOI'• 

SEC~f?T 

-2-

-

-.JBPftT1 
,--.,.:+WP . -- -~ 

'• ,,- t 

~ ... 
rab; 1n: xto ;s a 

• SLIDE-RUN MACHINE 

AFSAF 29 

ldth CODE RECDGN!TION t1HI1' 

AXAB/l IBM 931 

• 
Tb1• document 111 to be r•d only by- thoee peraonaol officially 1adoctnnated ID accordanc:e With com• mun1catlo11 111telb1ence security retrUlabona and authorized to receive the 111format1011 reported herein. 

l.ii::'l.y 1!153 

SUPERSCRITCH.!UR 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

The SUPERSCRITCIOO, (.AFS/~-18). \ta.a an electronic cribtostei•, 

analogous to Navy's DUE?mA, designed to atto.ck\ENIGMA. traffic. Tho 

first model was completed by F Branch in 1945 shortly after VE day. 

and replaced the now dismantled AUTOSCRITCHER. tn December 1951 

modifications wore completed to permit its use as a low speed ~o~mE 

(it tested serially, not in parallel, as does the BOMBE) and it• became operational in 1952 in solution ofl !traffic (fixed 

reflector pluggi~,) for a brief time. 

\· 

' Its function ltr-s to make successively all possible stacker 

\ assumptions in conjunction with all possible reflector pluggings, 

testing each setting \hrough a menu (selected pairings of plain and 

\ cipher letters) and sensing contradictions and non-contradictions in 

circuitry. Requirements were a 200 to 600 letter crib (and therefore a menu of about 20 pairs) and known rotor wiring, to find stacker, 

reflector plugging, wheel order and window setting. The menu was 

\ 

set on a plugboard and rosults'.were in the form of a printed list of 

possible window settings. 

It consisted of two rows of frames, each l0 1H x 20 1L x 2 1D , 

\ to a row. It used actual rotors and 2075 

\ 

with nine bays or frames 

tubes, testing at the rate of 10 to 15 XO. It was dismantled in 1952. 

Ref: Mr. J. Deutsch 

Mr. E. Flemmlng 

Mr. J. Raisch 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Form 781-C1 OSC 1 Jul 52 TOP SECRET CANOE 
REF l'D:A6092B 
REF ID:A60928 
EO 3.3(h)(2) lfo.T 1953 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 TUNNY m.AGON 

The TU!T mtAGON • (or GEHEIMSCHEt.BI:BER CRI13Tl!lST'JiJR) is a relay 

devico built by 1 :Bro.rch of .Army on 14 All«unt 1944 and dolivered to 

aces in England in October for USO I 

I When a match occurs at one ,____~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~----' 

or more levels. the machin.e recognize a- the match and stops, indicating 

wheel position by lighting appr~priate lamps. The operator then records necessary data for further testing. 

Tape preparation requirt1d ro minutes; plugging the crib, 6 

minutes; setting rotor switches. 20 minutes. The DBAOON compared 6 

tape poa:ltiona per aocond and was faulty but effective. The problem 

ended with '\'lorld War II and the mAGON has since been dismantled. 

Siza'was 7 1H x 9 1L x a•~ • 

Ref: M.A.C. Outline :/'JJ. 

Mr. lll. D. Marston 

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
I' ~)';''I' t' ' 11 °111) · • ·,.,. r;- • ,,l .. J) ro) •· ,, <• ·~ 1;'-; 1 •• r I_, /•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

-~~~~~~-

------~~~~- ' ' ' ' la ' • ' " ' ' . " " ' ' ' I\ " ' " .. ' • """"Ill"'. 

II& " " It " ' •• 

~~· ··~-::::I" ' ' fJI ' Cl t t t ,,,,(1.1;.tt 

,,,,,,~t 

'''''''" 

I "'"' 

,, I 

1·1 

I 
REF 

l'J'NIJY DRAGON (lP.ft) 

tl'ld an earlier model 

... 

1

.:-!EI.MSCH.R&IJJEa CRIBT.EsTER (right) 

/I . 

··--
REF ID:A60928 

lfaJ' 1953 

I 

The \'IIBED WP.EEL BAJmTI!ISTlllll (called mrsmmr HANDTESTER :ln H.A.C. 

Outline IB) wns All electro-mechanical testing device L:m;1:tcable to · 

all such rirod rotor cipher me.ch:lnea aa SIG.A.BA. (callJd ECN or ELECTRIC I 

CIPHF..B. MA.CHIDE b7 lfe."7), ENIGMA. or ASAM-'1. Built ~'A.SA.. :ln 1946, it 

waa one of.B aeries of a:lmple handteatara. 

It consisted of two rotor bas~eta to handle both ordinary" and 

pluggable rotors, two panels and three or tour plugboarda. The device provided a means of assembling up to twent~ 26-po:lnt rotors with 

f:lxed or plucg11.blo wiring. A pi•.nel of pushbuttons and l:lghta waa 

provided for enc:l-pherr.mnt nnd another for decipherment. Basket endplatea were \rl.rod to plugboards.for complete f'lexibil:lt7. All rotor 

motion waa controlled b~ hond. The output of the first ten wheels 

(one basket) could be connected to an optional fourth plugboard or to 

,_ .. ·' 'tnput of thP. second ten wheelsp 

C>Jlarat:lon w~s l:l~:lted to the user's speed. Sise lfBB l'B "x l'L .· 

It va.s sent to the r.tUseump ru1n Nt.s prob~blj boen dismantled. 

Ref: H.A.C. Outline .Pe 

·-·--- ·-------:: .... -- ------
t 

.. 

MaJ' 1963 

500~ COMP.A.RA TOR, HARK II \ 

\ The 520a COMPARATOR, V.AR~C II (A.FSil' 41) is (\ ,hi~-speed g:onerBl 

purpose IC comparator, pll.otoelactrically ~ntchinc ~~ volumes of 

te::r.t on 3511111 film. Tllo J.!ABTC II l=.'A~ built 'by Hogan Ln~atoriea, Inc., 

;formerly lmow na :Rr.tl:lo Inventions, Inc., AJ r1 delive:red to A.J's.A. in 

1952. Its basic purposo ia calculation of IO (ratlo of cof c denboa 

to compar:leona) between tl1G fields in R ~5mm fil~. 

.. Testing c era a 

I 

raJ169 of ratios between l/40 o.nd 40/l coincidences with a very a l 

"' tolerance in aensitivity. USAF 40 1R th.a e.Hociated cuiera and I 

atore.Ge Wl.:lt, n~ ~ccepts ~ t~po 1n~ut. 

Tho film is div:ldec\ into a hiri;h n.n.d. a low field each 40 lavola 

deep and is viewod in a Gnto 600 frar.ies w\de, permitting a match 

batt.reen t\·"O blocks of up to :at,000 chA1•o.cters. Three circuits are 

provided for rncocni tion ~f coi11c1C!.cnce, one for atrf\iaht high IO 

I 

above a sat criterion (i~ tr.e rorm of n step function which the 

ma.chino succeasivel:• conrputeR At ench setting), a:n.othor for meaaurint: light difference botween thn two film fields, 1U1d a third for 

recognition of blo.c!:out or no coinciclonce. At n hit the machine 

atopa, the oporator r.a~ms P.>".nct nlicnment manuall7 end reads the IO 

to'Ml from an electronic cowter of 999 cape.city. 'tle:lghtiZJB of 

results ia poas:lble. 

Film :la exposed R.t a ro.te of 1000 frames "Der minute, and comparisons are mM.e nt up to 5000 overlaps per second. MA.RIC II haa increased accurac7 (a fa~ percent(t,6e points of error), greater 

- l -

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 
• 

,.. 

6202 COMPARATOR, MART. II 

flexibility Nln speed Nld n wider cnte (600 aa against ~00) than 

MARK I. The JURK II camera moA.eures the N\1118 as MAB.IC I, 4 1H x 61L x 

31D • !l'ha COJill>n.rator is s•H x 4'L x 31D • Location is at Arlillbton 

Ball Station in Room 03~-B. 

Rafi Mr. J. Deutsch 

Mr. E. 1lemill6 

Mr. D. MN-ston" 

Ur. J. Baisch 

.NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY 

- 2 -

'-t7f.1J• TOP SECRET CANOE 
FORM 781-C10C 

1· JUI. 51 

REF ID:A60928 

SECRET 

Briel Deaori"l'tiona ot Analytic Machines 

Second Installment 

.NSA-34 

HSA-35 

l2 March 1954 

Wheatlq, Le'fto7 H 

The project ot writing theae Brief Deaorim;iona ~ Anal.ytic 

MachiDea baa been tranderred from BSA-34 to NSA-.35 a1nce 

plbl,ishing the f1nt :lnatal 1-nt, ao this and subsequent in&tallaenta will be under their joint apaa801"8hip. Thia aeccmd. 

iutallnwnt wisting ot e1ghtT-t1w aqiiipamta or topics 1a 

DOW read;y tor piblicaticm.. An 1¥fdit1onal tbirt7-tour have bean 

written 1n rough draft and are 1n the process ot proofing, rmew, 

etc. Some t118UtT-two aquiJDents remain to be written np. This 

. figure i.ncbldea the mil backlog llat-· and all equipnanta beina 

• p.lanned to da~ and mq be reduced somewhat bl' research a.nil ahanges 

ot plans. 

When the whale set ot .an'Dl'OXimt~ 200 briats baa been 

published, a amall number of re-issues will be sent out to 

correct erron and bring tacts up to date. There will al.ao be a 

gl.oas&171 1nclex and table ot contents compiled tor the complete 

set. It is :Intended that auch an 1ndex constitute the moat 

complete u:iating lillt ot Apnq machine17, pa.at and present. 

Reproduction at the Pbotolab, NSA-81., ot ~ z 10 prints ot moat 

ot the eCllJipmmte is proceed1Dg and w1ll be sent out present:b'. 

Coments, criticism and correc~~ on th1a work are invited; 

the extension is 563 at .Arlhgton Rall Station. 

• SECRET 
REF ID:A60928 

March 1954 

.AJDIL (DJ') ia a rel~ computer :tor low-apeed parallel-tJJ>• 

computation, includ;1ng arithmetical. aud other l~glcal prooeaae~• 

Built b7 '.l&TJ' in 1949, . it was the first of the .Agenc~aponaoret 

computers to operate. It ia en SDalog of maAS ·t, and conta1na 

no anal;rtic orders. 

It ia a parallel coDg>Uter, operating on the fUll 24 bi ta 

of a vord a1multaueoualy. Input of both data and program (aepnoe . . Of Ord.era) :la b7 OXOO tape reader aUd not uJJd.er :program OODtroii 

output ia to a OXCO regeneration t;-s.'Pevriter and tape punch. hogruming of a problem 1 a much the aam.e as tor ATLAS I and uaea a onead.d.reaa a19tem. Memor;r storage is on a 24-ohazmel (later a 48-

cbannel) maga.e~io drum. with a 2047 word capacUJ, each word conaisting of 24 bi:aar;r bita or digits. heh.button.a prorlcle tor 

man.ua:L inaertion into or reading from. the reg1atera. D.e 48-pl.aae 

aooum.ulator, operating in conjunction with the control aect!on ot 

the maab.ine and the 24.-place aux!liar7 Cf-reg1ater, petorma all 

computations. 

OV'erall aise is 7'B z 14'L x a•D plua asaoc1ated equipment. 

late ia 10 ordera per aeoaDd. It waa tran.aterred ta Office of 

l'aTal lleaes.rch and is in operation at George Waahington lJD1TRa:lt1'. 

Ref 1 !ealm!cal L1'bral7 

l'SA.-,34 filea 

Jlr. 1:. p. Oook 

• 
..-••'1T"""'MW I ~'t,,• I .,,,,~ rrrr 

• LI 

·I 

' 

·~ ., ?, , • i I 

I • 

I 

t . ~ 

i J ~ 

I: I . , I I 

1 I 

\: 

I 

I• 

: j ; I 

,. 

I. 

.· t ... 

lo .. 

lfi·· ..• & 

~ ''" 

; i .... 

.. jl 

l f! 

~ 1' i'..t:. .. •• 

; ""···-..--"" -~ ................. .. ,, ___ _ ~llt;1 I. 11 I 

' ...... I I I, 11, l 11 !1 

i~.~~ ~~~-

'lij1 .. ••r~~ ,,, 

:.] 

• '• I ~. I . ---,:-r-~ 

. 1 rl . , ~ l . t 

'I I I ~.. I I ..... 

• c I C· I 

p.. . lllf_J • I i I • . i • • ' '' ~ l_,I I ·1 . . it~· . ; i 1 r ~I JW ~ 

ri :H l' ~ ·f • 1~~1ll; 

, 

I 

' r' 

' 
REF ID:A60928 

• 
.. ·-· 

FORM 781-C10C 

6 JUL 51 

March 1954 

ABNER (AFSAP-32 is Serial l and .AFSAl'-DS3 is actua.117 

Serial 2. not a different mach1ne as numbering implies) is a 

eer1a1 electronic digital caaputer especi.all'T designed tor such 

017J'liologic pl"Oblema as ke7 generation• freqmnq counts. coincidence and. equality c01Jnta. Blide routines, modular arithmetic• 

writing on widths and others. Designad and built by Ar.,• the 

Serial 1 machine began operation on l June 1952. Del1V817 of 

Serial 2 :I.a expected trom Techn:l.trol Engineering CCllllpllll1' 1V' 

Februar;r 1954. BAIER (AFSAP-D89) was a relay COlll.plter analogous 

to ABBR who• pl"OgNllUI it waa built to teat. 

The machine operates aer1al.l1' on fJle individual bits or 

dilita ot a word, starting with the leaat a:l.grdt:l.cant. Moat 

lnatruat:l.ona empl.07 tour addresses. The machine can d:l.at:l.ngu:l.ah 

betwen nm.bare "b7 s:l.se ~ a:l.gn., Prograaming (listing ot orders 

1n sequence) :la relativel.1' simple and :I.a normal.l1' coded in 

decdml. instead ot octal notation as tor moat .AgellCJ' canputera. 

There are 19 ord1nary and 12 special anaqt;:l.c orders fJ.Tailable 

on the machine. 

Input :la by (1) punched tape• photoelectricalq read cm a 

Ferranti reader at up to .315 characters pa~ second; bJ' (2) 

punched carde on a collator at 240 or 120 card.a per minute 

and 'b7 (3) magnetic tapes at about 2500 characters per second; •·:·~ 
,. ....... .e\BNER (Cont'd.) 

all under program control. Output ~eludes the• three plus an 

Anderson-Nichols line printer (AFSAP'-44B) at 300 characters per 

second, - 7i lines ot 40 characters each. ()ie, and eventual.17 

tour 7-level magnetic tapes ot 7201000 character capac1t;r serve 

as input, out.put and intermediate storage. The peripheral 

ABNER CONVERTER UNIT provides read;y interchange between media. 

The control unit receives orders trm the Jll8Dl017 and operates 

the mmD01"7., arithmtic unit and input-output devices accordingq. 

The arithmetic unit consists ot tive registers or loops ot electric 

delq lines constantq circulating the information~ Ckle of these, 

the accumulator, mq be used to retain the results or arithmetic 

processes. 

The memory consists or 1024 words containod in 128 mercury 

del.q lines each storing eight 45-bit words plus .3 associated 

non-tutual bits tor control or synchronism. Being under program 

control, the magnetic tapes constitute aux:l.l.1a.ry memol'J'• A conaole 

~rmits manual control tor interruption, insertion and varitication. 

Pulae rate is one megaa;rcle and access time cannot exceed 336 

ild.cro11&conds, resulting in frm 440 to 201000 arithmetic operations 

per aecond. The main cabinet measures 7 'H x 21+ 'L x 2 'D and, together 

with console and othor units, requires about 630 square teat (2-1/2 

bqa) noor apace. Potential:Qr On.e ot the most versatile and v.aluable 

equipnents yet conceived, Serio.l. l is 1n operation at Arl.inglion Hall 

Station in room 0310-B. 

Ref': T/CA 10/5.3 

Mr. J. ff7d1Jk:e 

l·:t-. P. Johnson 

:t-ir. J. lli..icse 

SECRET 
clMFfBW .. *FiAL 

MARCH .L,,._ 

ALCATRAZ 

ALCATRAZ (APSAP-92, CILQ) 111 a digraph freCIU8DC1' OOUDter with 

• 

a 36 z 40 oomitar &rl'81', with tm l'GW8 and. tm colUllll• of total.II 

counters. It vu built 'bJ' BngiDeering Beeea.roh Aeaoc:l.atea under I 

task 7 in ~ 19,-0 and ftlllaaea MID (CDIH). BAB!' AUW.'B&Z 

( CDH, 6 dcB), clneloped 'bJ' lllA ~ tuk ll, Lt.X>, :ls a .36-aell 

frequenq counter, cne tbi.rt,-aixth the au• ot ALCAmAZ and now iD uae I 

at Raftl. Securi\J' Station in room. 4152. Ita apacial line-printer, 

tne lD AVN, prints out results eleven grouD& to a l1De1 mrac~ 

balt the 22 P'OUD capaoit7 ot the-tr,ie JD AVR "P1"1Dter ~peel at 

the aaM t:lma tor ALCATRAZ. In J'f1lT 1950, Coimn9ro:l.al ConVola 

Corpora.ticm deli~d a card-reader Unit, BEAil (AFSAP-93, CXOL), 

permitting 1np11t trom IBM and RemRaDd cards at I+ per eeoand ae an . . . .. . . al.tel'!latiw to. the usual CXCO doubl.e-beacled 6-lnal tape reader . input. 

The -.ohine. ia an imt4'UV811m1t OTer MIKE in that reeulta an · 

Jr1nted ai 1l8ll. as ~' cell comitere have a 3-digit aapa.citJ', 

tota:l countaa haw a 5-digit capacitJ;, 6-le'98l. tapes ~be used 

to operate the 36x 36 tranalatiou •trix. 'l'b8 aontrol. contains 

a double-headed CICO tape reader, •triz inplt -plqboarda, the . . 36x36 tranelaticm mtrix a.ud the dietributin ~tar. The 

'• "-:•2 . . . 

two C01D1terbanke are fed 'bJ' 36· or 1,296 wires trm the trau- . lation. matrix. Printed outpu.t contains cell totals, row and aolam 

totals and the owrall. frequenCJ' count. 

CONFIDENTIAL 
Control and printer -.oh --.nzie 6.IR ~ 611. x· 3'D1 and the 

tm ooanterbanlm 81H X·l21L x 4•D. 1&'8 :l• 'llp to 16 ohanoten 

per seocmd.. It is at laftl Securit.," statlaa in Nam 4152. 

llet: Instruction Kamal (BS31.l.fnS) 

T/CA. 8/!Jl Report 

!fro• D. Hogan . )fro. J. stapletan 

CONFIDENTIAL 
• 

·""T~ 

....... 

a: 

'f' 

I' 

I 

I 

I 

I 
REF ID:A60928 

ALCATRAZ 

AFSAF 92 C~O:.Q 

CONFIDENTIAL 
FORM 781 • C lOC 

6 JUL 51 

I.:arch 19 54 

ASAY-7 ANALOG 

The ASAY-7 AMA.LOG was a relay device to simulate the function of the ASAY-7 eiphony device. It operated with a 513 

RlilPRODUOER to generate key f'or a security stud.;v. Section WDGAS-92 

of Arir13' built it in early 1948. 

The ANA.LOG was developed to permit study of cipher resulting from use of random noise generated key, and produced 50,000 

elements of key. Motion of the 4 key-producing wheels was 

simulated by cyclic offset of pattern in cards, including dilation (repetition) of key. Thirty wire contact relays were used 

according to the same pri.aciples as the TAM KEY G'ElJEBATOR. !lesults were cheeked by doing the job tuice. 

Size was 3 1H x 2 1L x 21D plus a 513 REPRODUCER and rate 

was . 100 cards per minute. It we s dismantled shortly after the 

study was completed. 

Reference: l!r. S. ~horne 

SECRET 
March 1954 

ATLAS I 

ATLAS I (AFSAF-701 CXMX) is a parallel type electronic 

computer to perform basic arithmetic processes and able to 

make conditiona1 decisions on the basis or size and sign, 

modifying its own program or orders. Under Task 131 

Engineering Research Associates delivered Serial. l in December 

1950 and Serial 2 in May 1953. The model is available commercial~ 

under the name ERA 1101 COMPUTER. NSA-35 built ABEL, a relay 

analog, in November 194iwhich has since been transferred to 

George Washington University. 

Several peripheral equipnents have been developed: a pair 

or special tape punches, a HIGH-SPEED TAPE COMPARATOR consisting 

of two POTTER READERS (AFSAF-2.5) and a comparing unit, and a trio < 

or rather non-descript devices known as OCTAL Kh"'YBOARD, 8 KEYS, 

2 OCTALS PER FRAME (AFSAF-D65), a CONTROLIER-OC'rAirTAPE-REPRODUCERCONVERTER (AFSAF-D66), a TAPE PUNCH VERIFIER (AFSAF-D67) and a 

CONTROLLER-OCTAL-TAPE-REGENERATOR-CONVERTER with no AFSAF number. 

In addition, two equipnents are under construction: BUNNY (AFSAF070/11), which is a high speed tape reproducer to insert seventh 

level pattern, and CENSOR (AFSAF-D?O/lcj, a tape checking device. 

Operation is in parallel, simultaneous~ handling all bits 

of a word, a binary number. This makes for faster operation but 

... 

more complex machinery. Each order employs one address. Data 

CONFIDENTIAL 
ATLAS I (Cont'd.) 

is read in from 7-level punched paper tape on a photo-electric 

reader at 144 ch::tracters per second, and is not under program 

control. Output is to a CXCO regeneration typewriter and tape 

punch. The control unit interprets orders read from the drum 

(a repertory of 42 j s · now available) a.nd opeJ:-ates the machine 

accordingly. The magnetic drum memory is divided into 

214 = 16,384 boxes or memory locations, each of which holds a 

24 binary digit word, which may be either a coded order or 

datum. The arithmetic unit consists of a. 48-bit ~ccumulator or 

A-register, a. 24-bit ~-register and a. 24-bit X-register. These 

together perform computations as required by tha controls. 

Special orders have been added, including a random order, probably the most novel feature on the machine. 

The drum revolution time of 17 milliseconds indicates 

that, without planning, each instruction will take that long. 

1 

But with careful planning, placing the instructions and relevant 

data where they will be immediately available when needed, the 

time per order can be lowered to as little as one percent of a 

drum revolution, or, at times, one fifth of onei percent. The 

care needed to accomplish this is considerable. 

Physica1 size of the main machine is 7'H x 40 1L x 2'D 

plus reader, control panel and auxiliary equipment; this requires 

- 2 -· 

CONFIDENTIAL 
ATLAS I (Gont 1d.) 

over a thousand square feet of floor space. Pulse rate is 400 

kilocycles per second and access time ranges frc>m 32 microseconds up to 17 milliseconds (1 drum revolutio1i). Both are 

in operation at Naval Security Station in room 4152. 

Ref: NSA-34 Files 

Mr. E. Burke 

Mr. D. Hogan 

Mr. P. Johnson 

-3-

CONFIDENTIAL 
' ... 

~ 

11 r 

I. 

I ~1 lo 

I , r , 
REF ID:A60928 

ATLAS I 

Aii'SAF 70, CXMX, ERA llOl 
?{arch 19 5/i. 

ATLAS II 

ATLAS II (AFSAF-70A, AFSAF-70B) is an electronic paralleltype computer with all the functions of ATLAS I but with additional 

types of memories which result in greater speed and capacity. Serial 

1 was delivered by Engineering Research Associates, now a subsidiary 

of Remington Rand Corporation, in September 19.53. Seri.tl 2, actually 

a model change, is expected by Auguot 1954. The machine is available 

commercially- under the name or ERA 1103 COMPU'l'"~. Auxiliary equipment 

is the sa.~e as for ATLAS I, the ERA 1101 COKPUTER. 

Operation is in parallel - all bits or a word {nu1nber) are operated 

on simultaneously. 1iord size is 36 bits~ 6 for address and 30 !or two 

15 bit addresses or data. Initial input is by- 7-level paper tape read 

photoelectrically at 144 chara.cters per second. Four magnetic tapes 

under program control durin3 oreration serve as input, output and an 

auxiliary memory. In addition, a CXCO reBeneration typewriter or tape 

punch is available for out?ut. In addition to the intermediate speed 

2111 • magnetic drum r.1cmor-J i'l"hich holds or 16 ,381+ words and tho magnetic 

tapes just mentioned,, there is a primary high-speed electrostatic 

storage (Williams tubes in serial 1, AFSAF-70A, and magnetic cores in 

serial 2, AFSAF-70B) capable of storing 2

10 

or 11 024 words. Both the 

electrostatic and drum memories are !ully addressed. The arithmetic 

unit consists of a 72-bit accumulator, a 36-bit X reg:i.ster and a 36-bit 

:~-register. The control unit functions the sa.111e as i11 ATLJ .. S I. Frogra:rnin[;, or sequericing of orders,, uses a 2-address system and is not ver.r 

a:..r fic·tlt. 

CONFIDENTIAL 
ceffFHJ~MIA:L 

ATLAS II (Cont'd.) 

Several special orders, such as modular arithmetic, a scale factor 

order and repetition, are built in routines. This las1; one in particular 

is the outstanding feature lfhich differentiates the machine from other 

computers and contributes most to its cryptologic usefulness. 

The device consists of 6 cabinets each measuring 71H x 181L x 2 1D, 

plus peripheral equipment, and requires about 1200 aqua.re feet of noor 

space. Pulse rate is 500 kilocycles per second. Access time for electrostatic storage is about 12 to 18 microseconds, and tor data on tape or 

drum is not great since one drum revolution takes 34 milliseconds. It 

operates at Naval Security Station in room 4152. 

Ref: Lt. E. Friend 

Mr. D. Hogan Mr. P. Johnson 

-2-

CONFIDENTIA.L 
FORM 781·C10C 

6 JUL 51 

March 1954 

:BAJ3Y OPHIS 

.BA:BY OPHIS (AFSAF-D57A) is a WIRED WEEEL ANALOG- designed 

to simulate with rela7s almost any rule of rotor motion for 

five rotors of up to 32 points each. It was constructed by 

NSA.-35 in April 1953 to test rotor settings and cycles under 

various rules of motioll .• 

Considerable flexibilit7 of control is provided. A tape, 

often one from the AFSAJi'-35 SETTI1TG GEnERATOR, controls rotor 

stepping through a plugboa.rd. COM and classic Enigma motion 

are built in. Certain comparisons are possible, !ncluding a 

feature permitting carrying plain text through a couple of 

rotors, while ca.rr7ing cipher text back through the others and 

making comparison between the two results. 

It is a baby only- in number and size of roto:r:•s when compared with.OPHIS, its dimensions being 6'B x 5'L x 3'D • 

Iia.te of operation is 6 to 8 pulses per second. It is now 

located at Arlington Ba.11 Station in room 2050-B. 

References: 

NSA-35413 files 

Mr. N. Christopher 

Mr. F. Mayol 

Mr. X. Polley 

SECRET 
March 1954 

BAKER 

BAKER (AFSAF-D89) was a low-speed parallel relay computer to 

perform the same mathematical operations and analytic functions 

as ABNER. It was built by NSA-35 in February 1953 and used 

mainly to test programs for ABNER. 

Input was a standard CXCO tape reader and output was to a CXCO 

regeneration typewriter and tape punch. The magnetic drum memory 

operated at 440 RPM and had a storage capacity on either half of the 

drum of 1024 words of 45 binary bits. Either half could be used 

independently. There were four 45 bit registers, the Q, X, X-bar and 

Y, and a 90 bit accumulator. All but three of the orders were handled 

in paral.led fashionj that is, all bits were operated on simultaneousl¥'. 

A 10-bit address system and a 4-address code similar to that for ABNER 

was used. Control was similar to that in ABNER. 

The machine, arranged in an 11111 , measured 61H x 20'L x 21D plus 

power supply. The timing control clock in BAKE..~ made 10 cycles a second 

yet there was no basic pulse rate. Multiplication and division required 

"4 seconds at most; addition, subtraction and comparison needed 1/3 of ·- . 

a second. It has been dismantled. 

Ref: Mr. B. Baker 

Mr. K. P. Cook 

Yir. J. Deutsch 

CONFIDENTIAL 
March 19S4 

B!l.UTE FOB.CS DFTICE 

The term JE.urE FORCE DEVICE (i.XHB/l) refers by general usage to the 

IBM gat.es and processes (a.nd rare'.cy' to the several other machines of 

comparable function) designed to aearch through cipher text and find a 

' 

type of coincidence known variously as a brul;e force hit, a copperhead 

hit, a double hit, a double repeat, a two-point hit, a red (point) hit, 

or a. pattern hit, - this last in only one of its several meanings. 

Briefly, the required condftion is that tlro pairs o£ repeated groups !'X1st, 

either between two parts of a message br between pair"s of messages, a.nd 

further, that these repeats be in phase and at equal intervals. ICKY I 

and COPPERHEAD did a comparable job. 

The first such gate, the B.'\BY BRUTE FOacE DEVIC:!, described in 

M.A.C. Outline No. 24, operated in connection with a 405 Tl\BULATOR. 

Four successive models were built by' arD\Y' section WliJGAS-92 between 1942 

a.nd 19441 all designed to find double repeats at Q1'J1' interval from 1 to 91 

in 3- , 4- , or 5-character traffic. The JUNIOR BRUTE FORCE DEV'ICE, tor 

use with a 407 TABULATOR, superseded this and increased the span ot 

search to 12 pentagraphs, numeric onlJr. It was also needed with a special 

plugboard tor reducing test to pattern and called PATTERN BRUTE FORCE DEVICE. 

In this connection 110 "rel81's of a general purpose sate were rewired and 

used 11.'ith a 797 COORDIN..\':INr} m;PRODUCER to punch patterns into cards at 

100 yards per minute. It wa.s called PATTERN PUNCHD."G DEVICE. The te.n11 

Ftn.L BRUTS FOO.CE applies on4" to a process on IBM equipnent where search 

is made through the full le_..ngth of the ~ssage for this type or coincidence. 

CONFIDENTIAL 
BRUTE FORCE DEVICE (Cont'd,) 

Operational time depends on the job; the 405 T1\BULATOR matched 

cards at·1;0 cards per minute and listed at SO per mi11ute; the 407 

currently used is faster, matching and listing at 150 cards per minute. 

This type of search is most efficient on 5-character traffic. The last, 

BABY BRUTE FORCE measured 1 1H x 2'L x l'D, in a plugboard cover, and 

JUNIOR BRUTE FORCE was 31H x 31L x l'D. The former is dismantled, and the 

latter is in operation 82, 1700-A in Az:lington Hall Station. 

Ref: M.A.C. Outline No. 24 

Mr. J. Hyduke 

Mr. J. Powers 

Mr. w. Sharp 

Mr. s. Thorne 

-2-

CONFIDENTIAL 
,. ~\ ,,[···flll I ~~-·r· i 

I i. -: :~nr.ir .... J' .,. I 

) ' 
~ ~-----------~--~------------

r, I_ 

--~--.......... _________ ' ' , ______ ..... 
REF ID:A60928 

JUNIOR BRUTE FORCE 

A~HS/l 
EQ.3,3(h)(2) 

PL 8$:<36/50 USC 3605 

March 1954 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

B-211 ANALOG •pt 86-36/50 USC 3605 

The. B-21l A-t.IALOG (AFS}J'-361 MOQ/l and /2), cbmparable to 

Navy's RICXY1 .re.fers toa set6.r relay devices to simulate com-

~letely the functions of b~thLJ and I fmodif'ications of 

the HAGELIN .B-211 cipher device. The first,, for /tliel .... __ ..... lproblem, 

was built l::zy-Army in 1944· Then two PINK ANALOGS (AXOQ/l and AXOQ/2, 

DANALOG) were.bu:tlt for the the .first delivered 

in April 1946· Three .models tor the were built in 19491\ 1951 

and 1953. Although basically no different cryptographically, variations include selector switches in earlier models and relays in ].ater 

ones 

In all of them rotor wiring is set on a plugboard, and stecker 

by pushbuttons or on plugboards, with lights to show wheel positions. 

Input is by tape or keyboard and output is to a CXCO regeneration 

typewriter. Some may be used as a whole or e.f'fectively as either of' 

the component halves to produce enciphered, dec::tphered or fractionated 

text.. 

Operation is at 8 characters per second and size is about 

6•H x 3 11 x 21D • Three are dismantled, but the last thre~._ ___ _. 

type are used operationaJ.ly at Arlington Hall Station in room A-2208. 

Ref': Completion Report, AFSA Technical Document #35 

11i·. r'. Snyder 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 TSP SECRET FROTII 

/ 
RE-E._!P:A60928 ~ 

'· 

tt;=-

·--

I 

.... 

.... ··-·~ 

II 

\ 
REF ID:A60928 

.6-2l.l AL\lALOG 

AFSAF 36 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 March 1954 

B-211 P.Al:T.Dr ESTEil 

The B-211 RMTDrE9?IIR (AFSAF...g_19, .AXO:dl) is an electrical circuit testing device able to produce the effect of the comI:lutators and 

rotors of the H.AOEr.I:N" B-211 cipher machine. The first was built by 

.Army, WDGAS-74, in Januar~p 1947 (see M. A. C. Outline No. 8) and is 

• nov dismentled. Three later ~odels, delivered in February and Jul.y 

1947, use switches to accomplish the fractionation. 

An analyst or trained clerk ~' use the device to test wheel 

settings, frectionate te~c.t to obtoin either o! both co~ponents, decipher and encipher messB{;ee, and recover slide and uotion pattern. 

All whoel motion is by hand. Cipher is introduced b;r switches and 

plain text values are ret-d froM J.ii:;"!.ti::, or vice ver."'sa by resettiD.G 

a· swi tc..1"1. All steckol'i=ic is no\: p1·ovi.dod for in c. sinE;J e swi tc..1lboard. 

'Rate o:t: operation depends on t=o O"J'lerator and the job. The device is 1.0.uch more rs.j)id than usinc ch.arts or the cipher ];la.chine i tsel.f'. 

All three a.re now in operation at .Arlint.,~on F2.1l.Station in room 2407-A 

__________ I r.nndl i.r..~ both model T and model M wiring. Size ~ s 

31H x 31L ~~ D. 

P..d': Ji:: ... "... C. Ol1tline F.'o. ~ 

l::r. u. Collins 

I·:l·. J:,. l:~;{ol 

NSA Farm 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 'fOP SE€RET FR:()TII 

MP fb:i6b§kd 

B-2ll ff,\NDTESTER 

~-op AFIHD~ff FR~TI I 
E03,3(h)(2) March 19.54 

PL 86-36/SOUSC 3605 

CALL 35 lEVI CE 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL.86-36/50 USC 3605 

The CALL 35 DEVICE (AFSA'li'-114, MO:D 35 Q-A'l!E) is a relay gete which 

oper£'.tes lli th a 797 COORDINATIJ!G REPRODUCER to co~~ertl .... ___ _.lintercapt CE.ll-signs to their corresponding :Bel..:er-VolU:Oe bo.ok nu;:iber. It 

was built by NSA-22 in March 1951. 

Tlle a.cvice consis~s oi' two complete units fo1· se11der and receiver 

call sig:::i.s, a.nd 

Ir.put is b;v ca.:.·d end output is the 

sum in decimal ro1·.li a.nd. corresponC.ing booli:: number. 

Its size is ,3 111 :t ,3 1L x 2 1D. All computation occurs between 

card cycles so the rate or 100 cards per ::ninute results in a>O 

call sign decipherttents per minute. It is in use at .Arlinston Hall 

Station in roon 1~00-A. 

Ref : 10.-. S • Thorne 
...... 

e I , u 

I' ·~ ~)';''I"' ''"1 ' ,11°111)·• • / O J.,\~•lllJ) ',\• /'•·· fU)P>)(; .. io ~~- ~ JN .. ',·~-·~·· 

iii-----~ I -r-\-----

- 11 

T9P ~€R£il-a FR8TII 

EO 3.3(h)(2) l·hrch 1954 

PL.86-36/50 USC 3605 

COI.1!:1.UDG~ K!a .iUBOTITUTION D «.ICE 

COLERIDGE K.:!a"I SUBS'.rl'l'UTION D•MCJ!: is a twice-used term.. I~av 

intol'El.q constructed a device ot tlat name in 1947, a collection 

ot plugboards used tor a few months and dismantled. when Dl!Mllf 

arriTed. It merits DO write-U'P• In 1948, l'ISA-82 built informal.J.i' tor Army the el.ectrical. COLERIDGE Kl!:!' SUBSTI'MTIOH D3VICE 

(KEI'DERIVA'f'!OH for COLERIDCE) described h.re, 

__ a hand-opera.tad decipher, ha.lid-tester.and by checker. ID ___, 

general, it porellels Oll>R (which lik:ewise was called KE! DERIVATIOR 

tor COLERIDGB) and PICCOLO (AFSAF-'.37). 

'l'hia device oonaiats of a kQ'bo&rd. tor in.rut and a J.amrbank or 

CICO regeneration ~ter tor outrut. Pnssing, 2 key in succession 

reoresenting key and ciTJbar :ln either order produces a possible-plain 

character in the form. ot itsJ ... ______________ ___, 

A switch permits encinhar:lng. 

Bate is up to 6 or 8 characters per second and size 1a insigaiticant, 

orLI¥ 8D801al. wiring and lamoa on the back or an IBM keyboard, plus 

CICO roganeration typewriter. It is availd.bla, but stored at Arlington 

Hall Station :ln room 3>~8-B. 

Ref 1 Kiaa K. Bl.an1c 

Mr. W. Lutwiniak 

Mr. E. Marston 

Mr. J. Sta.pleton 

NSAF•m711-C1DS 1Jul 52 'F()P SEERET FROTII 
EO 3.3(h)(2) March 1954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

-

COLUMlT .AllltANG!NG DEVICE 

. The COLUl-!!T AEUWTGillG ll!ilVICE (.AJ!'MF-113. COLur.m A"BRANGER) is a 

speoialis~d relBiY device used with a SELECTIVE PON~R, later with a 

797 COOil.DilOOING BEP.RODUCEB., to preps.re e. table of 7elationships 

based on two sets of digits with a mod 5 or 6 range. Model I waa 

built by Navy in 1949, an independent part of the NC-B AU'l'OMA!UO 

CIB.CUIT CP'..AllllER 1 and simply arranged pentagraphs in ascending or 

descending orG.er, 0 to 9 • Model II, el.so by lliavy in 1949, and 

Model III, b;r NSAr-22 in December 1950, operate with a 797 REPRODUCER. 

tetrBf.'I'aph. 00Jumn.1~lecticn order is plu~able. Input, therefore, 

is two tetra.graphs ar.d output is a list of pent8.Gl"aphs or heT.agt"aphs 

which are searched by other e~uipw.ents for ison:.orphism in eit~ of 

the two components. 

Sise is 4 1H x J'L x 2 1D and rate is 100 cards per minute. 

?lodel I was dismantled.· Model II and later Model III were built 

into the same gate with GLID Eilld th.a StmSTITUTION IllilVIOlll. It is 

available for 11se at Arlit?gton E'a.11 Station in room 1700-A. 

Ref: I~. w. Hopper 

)i". J. H:.rd.uke 

I·~". F. S.:iith 

~Al'. s. Thorne 

NSA Form 781-ClOS I Jul 52 TOP SE€RET FR0'FII 
.. 

FORM 781 • C JDC 

d JUL 51 

Karch 1954 

COl~ERS 

The general purpose electronic ao?!:,Puter cen perform at high 

speeds a number oi' arithmetic and lor;icel operations. The results 

can be retained internally for later use or they can be used to 

control the computational procedure to follow. This control is ma.de 

possible by the computer's ability to discriniI?.ate and to modify its 

own instructions. The Jeancy is concerned with 6 types, or a total 

of 10 or ll machines, each described under one of the following 

he.adings: ABEL, .A.13DR, .A!l'LAS, :a.AXER, EDl'iol (I»M 701) and NOMA.'D. 

Information can be transferred to and fro~ a computer by means 

of magnetic tape, perforated paper tape, punched cards, or electric 

typewriters. Most cocputers use niore then one of these mediums and 

• 

several use ell. Some ma.chines, partiClllarl:r those which employ 

'• 

magnetic tape, are capable of accepting input during operation; 

others require that e.l.l' data needed for a co~putation be loe.ded into 

the computer before operation is started. 

In addition to i!lJ'lUt-output equipment a coI'll.)mter has tbree main 

components: the control unit, the arithmetic unit, and the memo1·y. 

This last is divided into cells and in each a unit of information, 

eit~er an instruction or a datum, may be stored. In order that 

stored ma.terie1 may be located and used, ad.drosses are assi~ed to 

tho ~ewory cells. The control unit on roceivill{; an instruction from 

the JilEmor~r dil•octs the ari th:.le;tlc unit to perform the opor£1.tion 

SECRET 
• ... 

FORM 781-ClOC 

d JUI. 5l 

coi:FUTE:tS (Oont•d.) 

indicated by carte.in bits (binary digitB) of the instruction. Other 

bits specify- t:he location(s) in the memor;r of the operanci(s). lf.b.en 

the operation he.s been co~pleted and if the instruction has not 

called !or a jump to some other pe.rt of the mer.or~. the control unit 

of most computers takes as its next instruction the contents of the 

memory cell following that which conteined the instruction just used, 

e..:ad tbe c;rcle is repeated. However, son:.e computers do not depend on 

this sequencill&, but rather each instruction includes the address of 

its successor. This device is c..h.are~teristic of the so-called fouraddress computers. 

The greatest reotricti~~ to cooputction speed is the access time 

of the memory, i.e., the ti:1e required for a meJ:1ory cell to release 

its contents to the arith!!i.ct~c unit or the control unit after the 

latter has called i'or tlie infor1a.at1on. This feet has motivated the 

search for faster memories anci ao a consequence there he.a been a 

progression from t~e slow static electro-mecJ....E'.nical rele.y memory 

throueh the medilliil speed cyclic r.C!llOries of the mae;netic drum' or 

acoustic del1!7 lines to the ~resent hi~-speed static storage me.de up 

of electrostatic storat;e tubes. The m£:.Gnetic c:>re matrix :ri1a.y constitute a.~ even faster me??tOry in the neai· future. l.fa.blletic tapes 

era ::.ow i:>ei?l8 uoed 1"01• nu::::ilio:.·:,· storB.[;O, 'but th.oir speeG.-limitinG 

mecl:.e.nicel foe.tures p:-ecl m:Lt-, UDg e.R E' l"':::'i:-ia.r~r :-tel :or~r. 

SE€ilET 
.. 

FORM 781- C IOC 

6 JUL 51 

COMPUTERS (Cont'd.) 

separately are Called serial computers; those which handle all bits 

simultaneously are called parallel. Parallel computers tend to 'be 

faster, but their construction is considerably Qore complex. 

Ultimately the design of a computer becomes a function of the 

work it will have to do. Input-output equipment must be adequate 

to handle the necessary data without unduly holding up computation, 

and the computer itself should be fast and flexible enough to provide 

practical solution for the problems to which it is to be applied. 

Specialization in the order code is one means by which the potentiali ties of a computer can be extended, and this has been done to vary--

ing degrees in the maclline s being us-ed and to be used by NSA, principally .Al3NER. 

-3-

SECRET 
March 1954 

COUl'ITilfG DEVICE FOR CA.RD-OPERATED TYPl!i"'\'llUTJ!Il.l 

The COUN'l'U!'G DEVICE waG a. rele.y este \fhich, by- coun.tin£ the 

strokes of an 050 CAIU>-OPERATED TY.l'E\'T.S.ITEB. 1 served to break the text 

into required lengths. It wa.s built b:r WDG.AS-92 in 1948. A similar 

job was done by a set of TRilSPOSITIOl! DECIPBEP.MlDL~ CIRCUITS 1 a 

machine modification and not a device in itself 1 which were built 

into an. 040 T.APE-TO-C.ARD PUNCH for use with traffic on tape.· 

The COUNTING Dl!lVIOE, consistinc of seven rel~s 1 was used for 

deciphering simple colUt"llD.ar transposition mossB{.-es in which length 

of column varied. It counted strokes of tho t;ypewriter, at most 99, 

and when a predetern11ned critical vabue was re&ched, it belted the 

card feed, operated the corriSf;o return, reset the counters, and 

ste.rted the cycle again. 

Size was l 1B x l 'L x 1 1D plus e.n 058 OJim RE.Alll!Di and a CXCO 

regeneration typewriter. It opore.ted at 8 to 10 che.racters per 

second and has been dieme.ntled. 

Rei": Ma~1ine Branch .Annual. Report, 1948 

!{r. S. Thorne 

CONFIDENTIAL 
I' ~)'i''l'i'' 'II 0111) ·' 't.\• (/ "i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;, •;>;; ''•r , ., ,.... ,.t 11 \~~. ~ ,/J(' ... ~n) 

-------
REF ID:A60928 

COUUTING DEVICE 

tor CARD-OPEitATED TYPEWRITER 
MARCH J.954 

OYClLIC DDLAY DI Gl!INERATOlt 

The° CYCLIC DELAY DY GENERA!l'OR (OD DY GENERATOR) was a special 

purpose rel~ gate used with a 513 nEPBODUCER to produce key- for 

stud.7 purposes according to prescribed control. MA:BX I was built 

by Array, section WDGAS-92, in late 194Bi l"11UC II, a similar generator, wa.c con:g:>leted in late 1949 by simply rewiring MAlUC I. 

Both models used the same rules of motion. The first had five 

• 

16-point wheels, and the second had eit;ht. Xey in parity form was 

calculated in two ways. The first used :cod 2 addition to combine 

selected points on the 5 (or B) wheels. The seoo:cd used a formula 

involving storage in IBM cards of' e.a·me.n1" as f'ive elements of key • .. Starting points for all wheels were put into cards, and wheel setti!lf;s 

were continuously recorded to facilitate cycle study. 

The gate measured J'H x J'L x 2'D and operated with a 51J 

REF.RODUClilR at 100 cards per minute. It is now dis:ce.n.tled. 

Ref: Machine Branch .Annual. Repprt, 194.9 

!fr. S • Thorne · 

CON FI DENT I AL 
l:~~):i,''I: 1" '11°1 i)) · • 't.\\ f{' 1\()) lo)•·>)(• i~ 1 • I a /•I tf.11 ·,~' 'J~ ,/),.:' .. ,~()) 

~~~~ 

CYCLIC DELAY KEY GENERATOR 
REF ID:A60928 

CYCLIC DELlY ICE! GD1ERATOR 

C.D. IC~Y GiN mATOR 

SECRET 
ceM~!Dfi-~J· IAL 

March 1954 

DECIPHERING ~IACHINE 

The DECIPHERING MACHINE (SPECIAL DECIPHERING :!JEVICE,, Project 

1049) was a relay deciphering device intended to incorporate 

the functions of several special purpose devices into one 

generalized machine. It was built by F Branch ot Araq- in September 

1945 and paralleled in part functions of MATTHEW' and similar 

devices. 

Two control units,, each with C.X:CO tape reader and keyboard 

for input and a control panel, operated with a relay unit which 

performed the actual deciphering processes, Results went to a 

CXCO regeneration typewriter for page printing. It could do 

1) monoalphabetic substitution through a plugboard,, 2) plain 

text r~production, 3) polyalphabetic decipherment for cycles 

of 2 to 5, or 4) decipher literal or digital codes of up to 

5 characters. Although superior to hand methods,, the machine 

was slow and not so flexible as expected.. 

Each of the two control units was set on desks together 

with tape reader head, keyboard and CXCO regeneration typewriter 

and measured 21H x 2'L x 1 1D. The relay unit was 6•H'x 21L x 1 1D • 

• Rate was 6 to 8 characters per second. It was dismantled and 

replaced by the 797 COORDINATING R.3:PRODUC~"'R and various faster 

equinments. 

Ref: MAC Outline /127 

Mr. N. Christopher 

CONFIDENTIAL 
FORM 781·C10C 

6 JUL 51 

Ma.rch 1954 

DECIPHERING UNIT 

The DEOIPEEB.I:N'G UNIT was a rel~ deciphering device used with a 

405 T.ABULATOR to Et,PPly numerical. key to traffic through an enciphering square. The i"irst of !our wao .built b7 Army in earl;y 1944 and 

deci:pl:.ered twenty cipher poaitiono si~ultan.eously using one of fifteen squares set irp on interchan&eable B x 20 pl.ugboards. The 

second, built by International Eusiness Me.chines Corporation, was 

actually four smaller units eaoh hDndling i"ive groups. 'l!hese were 

wired in tandem and used for slide-runs in con.junction with the 

SLIDE-RUN ViAOHINES. Two more, further modifications of the first, 

were built and used by Arr:ly. 

A cipher and a key digit were entered from the T.Al3UL.M?OR into 

a pair of counters in the ~ate. The key counter energized a row of 

10 cells, one in each colu:nn of the enciphering square plugboard. 

The cipher counter did the same· in a particular column and the cell 

thus selected emitted the deciphered value to the T.Al3ULATOR. 

'l!he device was like a SLIDE-RUN MA.CHINE, but lacked the recognition elements. The first e.nd the last two were 5 1H x 8'L x J'D; the 

f'our units of' t~e second model were each 4'H x. 2 1L x 2'D. .All are 

now dismantled. A unit could handle up to 2200 10.ease.ges per day 

and operated et 150 cards per minute. 

Ref': )fr. J. Powers 

SECRET 
'' ''' ;''l'i'' 'II 011') ·' 't.\• (/ 'i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I_, ~•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
REF ID:A60928 

- DECIPHERING MACHINE 

PROJ 1049 

(;ONFIOE:N"f'lAI:;; 
EO 3.3(h)(2) March 1954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

DI.m 

Dl·ID (.AFSAF-DGO, DESK MODnL DECIPHERER) is a special purpose 

bandtester, part relay and pa.rt electronic, to decipher messages in 

the Czech systemD The first model was built 'b7 'NSA.-36 and 

delivered in April 1952. It parallels several other equipments such 

as MA.TTH!!IW and HELLCAT I and II. 

Using 26 alphabets of 26 characters each, the device assumes 

key (or plain) against cipher and derives possible plain (or ke7). 

, 

It has a 36 x 26 non-pluggable matrix. Input is by keyboard and 

output is to a C.XCO regeneration t;vpewriter. 25 ot the alphabets 

are inversel;r related to the plain. (or key) seqμ.ence, which is the 

26th alpha.bet. 

Size is 2 1B x 61L x 2 1D. Speed is about l character per 

second. It is located e.t Arlington Jial.1 Station in room 2520-A. 

Ref: 

NSA F«m 781-CIOS I Juf 52 

T/CA 8/50 

Mr. N. Christopher 

Mr. E. Ji'lemi:cg 

J.fr • J • May 

TSP SECRET FROTII 

REF ID:A60928 

DMD 

AFS~ ~60, Da MODBL D~PHiRER 

. ' 

t;;ECRET· 
March 1954 

'!he DOD:etJSTlllR (ABLIUOO!OB DUD:BUSTER) was a relq-t1Pe analog of 

the EBIGMA. cipher machine, designed to set messages, i.e., find v.lndow settings, by using a statistical teat rather than a crib. An 

earlier model, using thirt7-sb: om frames (basic units of the 

ArJ117 :eo:rm), was built in 1943 by 1 Branch but was discarded in 1944 

in lavor of a two-frame model. 

!he 16 lowest frequency letters of' the la.i:iguace were plugged 

through a frame to a 52 segment distributor controlling 52 

counters. The frame then ran through a machine c70le of 263 aet-

~inga, encipheri13g the set of low l'requenc7 letters at en~ possible 

aetti:Dg. !heae sets were stored and matched with 52 cipher letters 

represented on a plugboard.. Occurrence of leas than 19 coincidences 

stopped the machine. The second frame, 'runni:Dg 52 'settings behind I 

produced the possible plain text and printed it on a CXOO regeneration 

tJPewriter. 

Set up time was about 15 minutes, and operat:lng speed was 40 

teats per second. Silla was 8'H x 4'L x 2'D. It has been d:lamantled. 

llef': M.A.O. Outlines No. 16, . 

N&A Farm 781-CIO& I Jul ~ TeP SE€RET FROTII 
TClP 

MARCH 1954 

DUEJ.:U:l'A 

:omm...iir.A. (CXLU, l!l'-1500) is a high speed two-wheel bombeing device to 

recover reflector plugging, window settings and steckerinG as used 1n 

YELLOW ElUGMA,. given only- rotor tliring. It considers crib-vs-plain 

pairings and tries all intervening scratiblins circu+.ts possible to 

,/ 

find one with no' co:nflicta. Five sue~ machinea were built for l!l'avy by 

u. s. Naval. 0or:Iputil1g Mach:fne Le.boratory, the first being delivered in 

November 1944. The .Ar'fJ3' JLUTOSCRITCEEB. and SOPEB.SORITOBER and the 

'.British GI.ANT are comparable equipr.ients. Plans :ror a .pair of' :SOMBEt;vpe cribtesters to bo cal.led l.riO:t:A. were dropped in favor oi' DOEJSINA, 

which would do the sme- teat usill{; 2 wheels whore HOll'A would have 

used one. 

The :iacl1ine conoists of two sopar~te units, a wheel unit housing 

four whcol-bankE. 8J.'!d an electronic un.i t. It e:x:."lausti vel;v makos all 

'I 

possi~e stecl::er assu;;zptiono £or 2 or 3 r..ibh i'requoncy lett01•s, testing each against a 100 or more letter ::nenu, (c1•ibs vs ci;:>her pairillbs). 

Two wheels are sufficient because it is assuoed that there is no slow 

'trheel turn-over, so reflector and slow-11heels :itq bo considered as an 

unc}.'lBnbed unit. V.otion pattern is considered through. menu set-up and 

wheel order through probl'aDCl.iDg runs (up to 56 in son:e a;;ra~~s . to 

oavci· 211 c.o?t.binationll). ·Rasul ts e.re on telcde] tos paper in a. square 

t' .. ie;;rc:.:. 

T!·.o electronic unit r..1ea.suros EJIH :::: 141L :c .3'D :pJ.us a 'fr1:1eel U."l.it 

TOP SEERET FROTII 
DUENNA. (Cont'd.) 

and a blower unit. Bate is about 20 minutes to test each assumption. 

All five are stored at U.S. Haval Co~uting M~chine Laborator7 in 

St. Paul,.. Minnesota. 

:R.e:f': Technical Library 

CIT pa.per TS-39 

- 2 -
REF ID:A60928 
REF ID:A60928 
FORM 781·C10C 

6 JUL 51 

March 1951+ 

EMBRYO Ol'HIS 

'rho term EMBllYO OPRIS (Ali'SAF-D.J7B and D57C, AtPRABET G~OR) 

rei'ers to a rels.y dEnrice designed to cimulate wired rotor enci:ph.eraent 

under a wide varietT of motions. Its main use :l.e for cycle study or 

decipherment purposes. l!TSA.-82 built the first two (one is AFSA'5'-D570, 

card operated; the other is AFSAF-D57B serial 2, tape op"Srated) :l.n 

December 1952. NSAr-35 completed the third (.Al'SAF-D57B, serial 1 1 also 

tape operated) in January 195). 

The card-fed EMBRYO OPHIS operates with a 61) (later a 519) 

REPRODUCER, while the other two use CXCO equipment. All have three 

)0-posit:l.on wheels and pluggablo i?J.t-ernal stepping control. Two of 

these could be connected in series to provide &-wheel operation. 

Notch pattern and i·otor wirint; arc set on a plugboard. 

Sise for all three is about J'H x 2 1L x 2 1D, plus telet3ipe tape 

reader and CXCO regeneration t;r.pewriter or 513 :REPRODUOD.. :Bate is 

respectively )60 or 100 cb.aractors per mihute. ~ first is in 

use in NSA.-82 in room 1700-A; the other two operate in room 2059-~. 

Ref': NSA.-)54 i'iles ~rr. N. Christopher 

Mr._ S. Thorne 

SECRET 
March 1954 

FIRECRACKER 

FIRECRACKER. (AFSAF-121) is an electronic or relay cribtester 

used to find possible settings in Jap Purple Diplomatic traffic 

where a particular crib could have been enciphered. The first 

was built by NSA-35 in August 1953 and a. second, a relay equipment, 

in October 1953· 

Five letters of plain text and the corresponding five letters 

or cipher are set on 10 dials which range from l to 20 , since 

only the letters steckered to the three 201 s wheels are involved. 

The 61s letters must be considered separately Motion is con-

- trolled by plugboard. Three electronic matrices, analogues of the 

old PURPLE ANALOG wheels, step automatically through the full cycle 

of both encipher and decipher, or approximately 361 000 settings. 

At any point where the crib fits the cipher text the device stops 

to permit recording of the setting shown in lights. The device can 

be hand stepped. 

Size is 4'H x 21L x 21D and rate is about 600 tests per 

second. They are located at Arlington Hall Station in room 1067-A 

Ref': 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 

Mr. T. McGuire 

Mr. P. Oyer 

Mr. K. Polly 

T()P SEERET FR9TII 
March 1954 

FIRE l!ThTGU.1E 

FIBlll 1!l1TGINE (CXCQ,) was en 11 invcrtod11BOMBE, a modification of 

• 

the stariciard 1T-5JO machine &!ld si:iililaJ.• in all respects except that 

relative SJJCCds or tr.e wheel lovols were intcrchansed. A totfll 0£ 

eib-~t wore so modified b~ Navy in 1944. 

Tb.a job accomplished is the usual BOHBIJ!I job, - given rotor and 

reflector wiring to recover stacker, rotor order and window settings, -

but additional in£orma.tion is used to s:1orten the run. The position 

of the fest M.d slow rotors are interch.angod, per..nitting setting up 

a machine to tako advE..llt&.go or (1) l::i.lo\om fast wl:.eel positions, or 0£ 

(2) known i:1edit'l.'n wheel n1otion (c~lletl. on. H-Hoppity r'lin), thus shortenine; the runs. This c£mrot be done convonicntl:- on the standard :tr-5,JO 

or N'-15JO. tfiriJliS of t~e elow rotor in such runs ropresented the 

co~bined ei£cct o! the &low rotor e.n~ tho reflector plats • .. Size, opccd and o..-.ctcrl" ..al &:p;>cc.!'~1ce oi the machine remained. unchanced b;r the rloc'l.iiica.tior:.. Dir:.cnsiona \101·e 'i' 1H x 9 1L x 3•D and 

P-64 = ~-56,976 toct3 ~ere ~ade i~ a~out 20 minutes. All eiGh.t are 

now dismantled. 

B.of: CIT-TS-1( 

ITS.'1.-J~ files 

2-ir. J. Ste')')lcton 

NSA Farm 781-CIOS 1 Jul 52 ~SP SEERET FReTII 
REF ID:A60928 

March 1954 

FOtmr-POSITION .ALPHA GATE 

The FOUR-POSITIOll .ALPHA GATE (.'.32 x ,'.32 .ALPBA'BETIC str.BSTI~IOlT 

UNIT, li'Otm-POSITION ,'.32 :x. ,'.32 MATRIX) is a general JJ'lll'J>O se relB.7 deciphering devi~e which operated with an NC-4 SELECTIVE PUNCH, and later 

with a 797 OOOlIDI~ING llPB.ODUOlilR, doing summing and differencing on 

l'IOd 1 to 32 simultaneousl~r for four positions. It was bll.ilt b7 

Jr'm.'3', section WDGAS-92, in October 1946, and modified in 1950 to 

operate with a 797 OOOllDIN.ATING nEP.B.ODUCJm.. 

The tlB.chine, a logical extension of the 10 x 10 J-SQ,U.Amil equipment, is designed to combine a pair of tetrn~aphe to produce a final 

tetr~graph in o~e uie.c.~ine c~cle. Thero are ~our plugboardo, apa.ir of 

20 x 34 plugboarde for coordinate control, a 40 x 34 plugboard for 

matrix control, e.nd.m 8 :x: 20 plugboard for substitution. The grou;ps 

being combined ~ come from t~c ser.1e or different cards. 

It measures 5'H x 61L x J 1D and operates at 100 cards per 

minute. Location is at .Arlington Hall S~ation in room 1600-.A. 

Ref': Mr. N • .Andrews 

Mr. s. Thorne 
' 

REF ID:A60928 

March 1954 

FREAK 11 

FREAK 11 (AF34.F-31, AXJ.C./l, ELECTRONIC FRUK, orgin~ 

MONOGRAPHIC FR~UEi'lOY COUillTER) waa an electronic frequenc7 

counter for making high speed monographic and digraphic frequenc7 • 

counter tor making high snecd monographic and digraphic frequency 

distributions or up to .32 character text or great. length. or two 

olanne'd, F Branch ot Ar'lff3' built one exnt:1rmiental breadboard model 

in Jail~ 1950. The de'rlce counted characters in S-level tape 

and turnished an overall total. 

1nrut by' a CXOO ta.,e reader or alph3.betic keyboard was 

connected through 32 nlu~able leads to all7 ot 40 resettable 

mechanical counters, each wi1.h 5 decimal place canacity. Seven 

ot these served as Soares and one was for the overall total. 

Results were tyned on"a. CXCO regeneration typewriter. One 

.tunction was to check the accuracy or tanes. 

Rate was lO characters ocr second Jlld. size w~s 51H x 3'L x 21D 

plus tT08Wl'iterm.d keyboard. It was basic and sim'Dle in ooeration 

and has been dismantled. 

Rer: Completion Report, Mq 1952 M.A.c. Outline/14.7 

Mr. w. Cole 

Mr. J. Russell 

)fr. C. Schierlman 
I' ~)'i''l'i'' 'II 0111) ·' 't.\• (/ "i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;, •;>;; ''•r , ., ,.... ,.t 11 \~~. ~ ,/J(' ... ~n) 

I I 1 
REF ID:A60928 

FREAK I (right) AFSAF 24 

The FREAK, MULTIPLE FREQUENCY COUNTER. 

Ri.!:LAY FREAK1 CONDlil'lS.ER FREAK 

Md 

FREAK II (left) AFSAF 31 

ELECTRONIC FREAK, MONOGRAPHIC 

FREQUENCY COUNTER AXIQ/1 

SECRET. 
REF ID:A60928 

:March 1951.. 

'!he J'JUil..,pE!rOY DI~!lIB'L"TIOll DEV'IO.!l \:&.a a re~.c: cievf.ce uaed wf. th 

a OXCO tapr reader, 4'>~ T.Al3ULAT0.'1 e.lld a. fllJ SUMWlI PDNCH to make 

mo:no-aly>habetic frequonc:r df.strf.butf.ona on l f.J11f. tod ape.na or 'bext. 

It wae built b:r Arin\•, section \IDGAS-~·z, f.u u:.c.9. 

!l!he dovf.cl" uaed e so~ of J2 counters to kee.P f.Ddf.vf.dual total.a. 

J. spacial character iD the t&pc 1Jet of'!' e. totali:Dt,; 1 listiDB BZJ4/or 

punching c:,""Cla and also react t~c co1mtors '!'or the next distribution. 

Total.a were uaUBJ.ly recordocl "t:r t~~& SU!DiG..Y PmTOB. 

The go.te Jroaourcd. J 1B :.: J 1L :: J 1 D c.r.e. rrtc \IP a 150 che..t'actera 

par minute. It f.a no\' c.~.~ a:::iantleC:.. 

Rei": Mao..~ine l!ranc."1. Jnnua..1 Roport, 1~49 

J.lr. S. Thorne 
TeP ~~1110 ~ .1..:1 '-".I.'-. .A,j .I. f'2°FRer11 

E:uo:~.,8(h)(2) March 1954 

PL 86..:36/50 USC 3605 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

J IKEY GEt>.1ERATOR was a re~ ~ilalog ?r ac=IJnmnberstamping device to produce one-time pads for thel .... __________ ___, 

A makeshift desk-model, set up hastily 'b1' F Branch or Arm.r in late 1944 

tar use in the operating section, used a CXCO regeneration typewriter 

output. The second operated with a SlJ"REPRODUCER. Work.was begun in 

April 1945 on a companion equipnent, the DEVELOPMENT NUMBER CONVERSION 

UNI'!', and terminated in :May because of the.War ending. It wa15 a relqtype manual subst.itution device ( 6 1H x 2 1 L x 2 1D) to mechani" conTersion of key nl.Dllbers (representing step point of five numbering whee1s) ,. I \ I 

to deve1opnent number.a ldth results read from a bank ot lamp. 

As in the origi~ ldevice, the analog contained 48 unite ot 

'l'he desk model measured 4 1H x 3 1L x l 1D and printed at the rate 

of 6 to 8 key digits per second. The IBM model produced 80 lines ot 

ke7 digits per minute.and measured 6•H x 2•L x 2•0. Both are dismantled. 

References: 

Hr. D. Dribin, Mr. B. Getchell, Mr. F. Uayol 
,, ,,, ;''l'i'1 'II 0111).' ·,,,\f{:i'.()) ''}),"'~!([;·~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I _, / •Jff.ll ~' j~ I!-..:' I~) 

---------

I I~~~­ ' ! 

I 

~'I 
E:O 3.3(h)(2) 

PL86-361so use 3605 

.CD: 

I Jxf!:Y GENERATOR 

c~rd-oper~ted. (loft) and 

Keybo.u-d o:pern.ted (right) 
TSP 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 MARCH 1954 

· GEllERAL PURPOSE 100 WIRE COU'l!AOT RELA.Y GA.TE 

'!he GElnom.A.L PURPOSE 100 WIIlE CONTACT RELAY Gl.T.PJ (.A.FSAF-110 and 

lOQA., SELEcTOR GATE, 100 BELAY GA.TE) is a relq device to increase 

selector oapacit7 of anJ' base machine connected with it. Ar111"¥1 

section WDGA.S-92, originally built two in 1947. A third was constructed in 1950 and a i'ourth (.ll'SAF-llOA.~ containing its own pO\f9r 

unit, in 1951. !l'he7 replace International :Business Machine Corporation• s AR and RC gates C called 797 1 s, miscellaneous equipment) 

which were rental equipments used to do similar jobs. 

~hese are versatile devices and do a wide variety of jobs, 

requiring special interllal wiring or only plugboard changes. A 

40 x 34 plugboard makes al.l contacts interchangeable, and an 

8 x 20 plugboard ~lows comparisons on numeric material. The gate 

itself _does no computations. 

One modification la.te in 1947 was ca1led the SINGLE WHEEL 

CHA.l'NING TEST. It operated with a 405 TA:BULA.TOR and a teletn>e 

t~EJ recorder to determine/ 

I It has been dismantled • ....__ ______ __, 

Model I of a :e.ommmss !i'EsT DEVICE was set up in 1949 and 

Model II in July 1952. The device read 32-character text by a 

NS.A Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 TSP SECRET FReTII 
TOP sitrftt1.i!t6°F\QXJI 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

9· .fP:~~:\L PTmrr1JT1

: 100 l!J'11~ COIJT.tCT UZL.~Y GA'l'E (Cont •u.J 

t\oublo-hr.adc>d t.ar" reader or from cards by a 1~07 T.fi!'>U!,.iTOR. Characters 

were dj ::l..ril,Hl,,l•cl al. l'D or 600 per minute to the counters in the TA.UUIA'l'(lll 

arr3.116t'• l to provide i.llo-digit. coun1.erl1 for J2 categories and a four-digit 

co1uiter for tClt'lls. The result record1>d on the T!1.mTLATO'R. or a 517 

.:Jilli:.'.\"Y rli'JCH, was a fr•e11ucncy count of t.he text. or of character differences 

a.nd was limited to six. digits. llfodel I was dismantled but Model II is in 

operation at Arlinglion Hall Station in room 1700-A. 

J\nol.hcr modification was the HAGELIU SETTING LOCATION DEVICE in 1949. 

IL operates "1th an 07'1 C\JIJ.ATOR tol 

_______ .... I Rate 11a.s 21.0 cards prr mi11ute. It has been dismantled and 

supnrceded by AFSl\F-12 cllld other comp:trators. 

An intorcsting crypto3raphic use was ~ade of one of these gates in 

l''lrch 1950, called t.he ALPHAB3T CON3TRUCTION DEV'ICE (ALPHABET COHSTRUCTION 

:~I!?CUIT). It. or-crated tdth a 513 REl'RODUCEn to crea.t.e randomized alpha.bets. 

Ch11r1ct.ero ltere read from t:ipe by a single-hen.dad teletype reader, TDX, at. 

600 r"'r 111in1tt.e and the REPRODUCER punched each letter into a. card as it occ1p·r~nl 

iniLi:1lJ.y and ignored all subsequent oct:11rrences until t.he 26th character 

:q1re:1rrd. UC'-set. and repetition were automatic. 

Tllo ALI 11 1..Ub'T COU5TRUGTIOil PI.UGBOARD was set up by NSA-22 in 1950. 

Tho cour1t.1..•1•f' ur a i.05 TaEULAT<.:!1. were used as mod 2 tube counters, with 5 nncl 

O for plus :Ln:t min11s. Each pulse added 5, non-carrying arithmetic. A ring .. of co1111t..nra w·1s oct up and stepped by Y.OKEH motion. A Ba.udot character 

mrn for:al?cl f1•rir1 l•e.i·lings at. 5 selectable' points. 

-2-

HSA. Form 7111-C10S 1 Jul 52 'fOP SEERE'F FRO'fll 
GENERAL l'Ui?PIJSE 100 1'111.E CONTACT REL11.T GA.TI~ (Cont'd.) 

A count. was made to determine the munber of set tlngs required to construct 

all 25 or 32 possible characters. The end product was a listing of the complete KOY.EN development, together with the character each setting produced 

and, at the last setting, the total number of settings. It has been 

dismantled. 

,'\nother KOKEN - type usage is the relay analog called the 59-KOKEN DEVICE, 

wired in September 1952. It operates with a 407 TABULATOR to produce and 

record binary wheel settings for security study purposes. It completely 

simulates the key generation of the ori~inal 59-stage device at a rate of 

75 settings per minute and is still in use at Arlington Hall station in 

room 1700-A. Sixteen selectable points for motion control and sixteen for 

key are read at each setting and combined in the gate using mod 2 addition, 

Boolean addition, multtplicat.ion, double delay and dilation (standing for 

one pulse). In addition, pluses and minuses in key are counted and the excess 

between totals indicated. 

These gates measure 3'H x J'L x 2'D and are available, for similar 

speci~l jobs. They are Arlington Hall Station in room 1700-A in NSA-22. 

Ref: Machine Branch .:..nnual Report, 19h9 

N'r. o. Algren 

Mr. A. Duncanson 

Mr. w. Erskine 

Mr. J. Powers 

Mr. s. Thorne 

-3-

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 Te P SEERET FROTII 
, I I 

I 

•,I 

RE : 

· ·~iij!f i!l\lffif\ ffi'T'!P"I ,""111'11"f¥ 'll1'1'!+ifif\1'fi\1! II fJi+iff.ffl!l'f! M f, '\\i!"f ~'lf 1 ,.,., ilt'"r I i , tr . r , , I , ,r ; , i , : • ,' ' , • • • , , , i • I i ' I ' ,- ' ' I • " l ' ' 

I 

I ' , l ' I 

SINGLE WHEEL CHAINING DEVICE 

........ __________ ~ 
REF ID:A60928 
'' ''' ;''l'i'' 'II 011') ·' 't.\• (/ 'i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I_, ~•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

---------

HAGELIN SETTING LOCATION DEVICE 
~1ELIN SETTING LOCATION DE'IICE 

Q. D:>ciif iGd 

J!!liERAL PURPOSB 100 W!RE COM'fACT 

I : __ J j':_-

FRO -f tz I 
M.UtCH 1954 

GLID 

GLID (AFSA:B'-11), Group Length Indicating Device) 1a a reltq gate 

1 

first used wit~ an :NC-4 SELECTIVE PUNCH, and later with a 797 COORDINATING RmP.RODUClilR•'to indicate by appropriate card punches the length of a 

selected tield. It was built by Navy in 1949 and adapted tor use with 

,. 

the 797 in the following year. The device eliminates tedious card 

sorting methods to determine lerigth of punched field. 

The device reads a selected set of columns in a deck of cards, 

determines which is the last column containing punching, and punches 

an indication of this into the same or a different card. Also, this 

length indication Jlla1' be used to control feeding of blank cards into a 

collator in preparation for an offset slide of groups. The selected 

field tested ma.1' conta1.n single blank columns, but not double or greater 

spacing. One use is in making rlcyming dictionaries which require reverse 

sorting of irregular length entries. 

GLID is built into the same frame with COLUMN .ABR.AlrGER GATE and 

the SUBSTITUTION DEVICE. Size is 41H x J'L x 21D and rate ia 100 

cards per minute. It is located at .Arlington Ball Station in room 

1700-.A. 

B.ef : Mr. W. Hopper 

Mr. s. Thorne 

CONFIDENTIAL 
March 1954 

GOLDBERG 

GOLDBERG (Ali'SAF-90) is a high speed general purpose 

comparator and scoring device, with magnetic drums, designed 

to compare 2 or 3 streams of data. It does coincidence . and frequency counts, cribdraeging, wheel stripping, transformations, 

pattern and round robin searches, weighting, distribution matching 

and calculation of certain statistics. Engineering Research 

Associates under task 9 delivered the one model to NaV¥ in September 

1949. It replaces the 70nnn C01•1PARATOR and various others. Serial 

2 of SIGMAGE (AFSAF-28) was tried with GOLDBERG to limit the number 

of print-outs, but with indifferent success. 

- A double-headed seven-level tape reader puts data onto one ot 

the two magnetic tape coated drums, usually while the other is being 

analyzed. A drum has 32 tracks of 4740 cells each and memory has 6 

positions of storage for each track. Using the elements of the 

comparator unit (input translators, 36 x 36 matrix and 4-position 

counters), an nC2 calculator and various control components, all 

flexibly inter-c~nnected, the machine does various counts, weightings, 

matches and calculations. It can apply an upper and/or lower criterion 

to each of the 36 counters and the nC2 calculator which computes 

~!i(fi-1) for any of the 36 counters. Attaining a criterion at the 

end of analysis produces a print-out of counter totals and certain 

other data at a rate of 3 seconds.per line. There are 38 four-digit 

numbers and 1 eight-digit number to' a line. 

CONFIDENTIAL 
GOLDBERG (Cont'd) 

Size of the machine is 9 1H x 25 1L x 3'D plus console and 

printer. Character rate is 20 ,ooo comparisons per secondJ bit 

rate is 20KC. It operates at Naval Security Station in 

room 20105. Plans for a GOLDBERG II (CXOT) were dropped when 

it was found ATLAS II would do all the required functions. 

References: 

Mr. D. Hogan 

Lt. F. Sperberg 

Mr. J. stapleton 

-2-

c e~iFIDENTIAL 
' ' I 

I 

t 

',·I 

,, .,,,""I'" ' • ' ' G" ' ··~'" '· ,1 II 11'1).' .fA\ / 1\l"J") '"'''')(• ;, ' • • ., / -1 />11 ·, ~,l~ ,/),.:' .. ,~f"t) 

-

,, 

I~ 

\.11111· .1111 "911~1' 

,. I ijl-e. ~ I L......_~- l 'I • ' Iii I ' !I I 1111.«!~· .JI I .. ' 

1

1 th I - ~ ~TM + l l ( I' ( r ."jJ"' ,1 lil1' ·~'1lFU I ' - ' ' •"· ,, "';1111, .I I 11 .~ I I iJ••,.1•.11-.i ' ' .......... .. j l.l \' I• .. •• - 'j •I "~•-.........ill1111111 .,,,,,,,111 ~ "101111•. 01161. '.,. ~ . .:..1 

:1 

., 

j 

,.- ''. •·t "N'I '•' ~ ~ '. 1 I 
---

-

- j 

' "'/ . _] 

! 

' 

j 
I 

REF ID:A60928 

( 6 }{St:'+ \'tf:[ 

'06 d\7Sd'') DmfS:Q'IOO 

GOLDBERG (AFSAF 90, 

ERA task 9j 

f - r --- r-- ~--I .. 

. , .: v 1' 
l!arch 1954 

GRANDDAD 

GRANDDAD ( CXCQ,, N-800, DOUBLE l30MJ3E) is actually two N-530 :BOMBES 

with common drive, and consists of J2 ENIGMA frames. Given rotor 

wiring, reflector plugging and a crib, it can find rotor order and 

stecker (end-plate plugging). Eight were ordered from National Cash 

Register Company, but five were cancelled. Two were delivered in late 

1944 and one in early 1945. 

Operation is the same as for a standard BOMBE, except a crib of 

up to J2 letters may be used, instead of only 16 letters. It tries 

all possible stecker combinations until it finds one which satisfies 

the menu (crib-vs-cipher letter pairings), when it stops, prints a 

record and continues testing. 

A J-wheel run takes 50 seconds; a 4-whecl run takes 20 minutes. 

Dimensions are 7 1H x 20 1L x J'D , or slightly less than twice as long 

as a standard BOMBE. All three are stored at Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, along with the rest of the ~OMBE equipment. 

Ref: Cdr. 11. Greenwood 

Mr. c. Higgins 

Mr.1 R. Nothnagel 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

NSA Form 781-ClOS l Jul 52 'f()P SECRET FROTII 
------ --- -- --------------------------------------

M.:i.rch 1951+ 

GYPSY 

GYPSY (c»m) was a relay strip cipher analog to mechanize 

routine decryption of JN-87 traffic. Two were built by National 

Cash Register Company of Dayton, the first delivered to Navy in 

1945. Plans to send the second to FRUPAC at Pearl Harbor never 

materialized. 

Thirty strips represented by plugboards were chosen daily from 

the 100 two-sided strips available, taking care of pre-arranged 

omissions and reversals (interrupter pattern) in the plugging. A 

set or switches took care of other variables. Input for cipher 

text was a 48-Kana keyboard and output for plain text was to a 

- CXCO regeneration typewrjter, both being mounted on a metal shelf 

across the front of the machine. 

Size of the control unit was 5'H x 5'L x 2 1D plus 5 cabinets 

6 1H x 2 1L x 2 10. Rate was at 6 to 8 characters per second. They 

have been dismantled. 

References: 

CIT paper 32 

CIT-TS-25, 30 

NSA F«m 781-C10S J Jul S2 T()P SECRET FR()TII 
• REF ID:A60928 

. - . -- - - . . . . - . . . . . . 
REF ID:A60928 
REF ID:A60928 

GY?SY c,.~ffi, N ""1.# 50 
'FOP - . ~f· - . 

'~~-- .... ,: March 1954. 

,:,.:.:..·. 

~ELIN DY Gl!DRATOR 

'!ho HAGELil\T ICEY GENERATOR (no AB'S.AF N'o.) ia a relq gate uaed 

W1 th a 51) REP.ElODUCER :f'or the s:l.mul taneoUB production of 6 element a 

of alphabetic keT from ~et.._patterns of six BAGELIB wheels. One model 

· ot T.All BALOG left idltl_ .. b7 the disappearance· of ·LOllfGFILLOW traf:f.'ia· 

waa modified to simiate RAGELillT pattern wheels and completed bT Artq, . . ;..· . . . . -~.,......-,-----. 

section WDGAS-92, in .April 1949·. . "' ~ 

~"'O=---··· .. -.--··- ·--

!he pattern.a of the six wheels are recorded on aix levels of ali p ...... , .... 

I:BM card, and wheel mot_~o~ is represented by a horizontal 0701:1.o offset. Plugboards selec~: .. 1i!1~ approprla~e positions tor reading and .. 

translate the sums of 1i~e 11k1_cks 11 or_ offsets into alphabetic ke7 •. ~ :· ... 

Data :l.s read :l.n b;r a 51) REPRoDUOEB. which also punches results into - -~ 

cards. There are checking circuits to help accurac;r. '· :...;..;,.._, 

. Size is a•H x 31L x 2'D plus a 51.3 llEPRODUOEB. and rate :I.a 600 . . ·- . .. .. . 

elements of keT or 100 cards-per· minute. It :I.a at present in stora~ at Arlington Ball Station in Room 1700-A. 

• 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 

Interim Report cf.PM E'o. 5812, IT ·-61 

Machine Branch Ai:mual Report, 1949 

Mr. J. Powers ·· · 

·Mr. s. Thorne· 

•. 

TOP SECRET F.ROTII . . . .1•-. . . . . . . . ·-=--- .. 

-· 
: l 

i 

r 

-:~·. - U· ... 

.., 

..r 

'· r ': • I:!.·--' 

J ... ....l..J..__~.J~I'~--...... - .111------.........-··•••lrf:ofloc.,..., •• 111 ..... h•llll ,, ····-:lo.'•'~,. ··.a..L..l:l.L.......!...L. __ ____J_,L - ·' , ___ ,,..._~··'"'J1.....L.....L... ............... ~........._____.__,_,,, - \.·~ ... _,_ ............... _~. 
REF ID:A60928 

·---.. ·-·- ·------· ...... . 

IL\G~ KE1' G:XERA'l'OR 

witfiPE~H FR:C>TI I 
~o ~,3(b)(2) 

PL 86"'36/50USG 3605 

MARCH 1954 

HAGELINl ..... ____ __.I TEST DEVICE 

The H.A.GELIN 1 ..... ___________ ___.I DEVICE (AFSAF-.38A1 ODD 

KICK DETECTION DMCE) is a relay gate used with a 519 REPRODUCER 

and· a CXCO tape reader to te~tJ,__ _____________ ___. 

I 

wheel.a. It was built by Arrq, section WDGAS-92, in. Jlovember 1949. 

are re&d. from 

tape by a CXCO reader, stored consecutinl.1' and offset by gang 

"'NDChing into seccessive columns and leTels ot an IBM card, atter 

I Agree-

'--------------------------

ments and disagreements are recorded b1' the 519 REPRODUCER and listed 

on a 4o7 TABULATOR, permitting the anaqst to stnd7 the ratio ot such 

I AboUt 800 or more characters ot cipher are needed. ------ The device measures 2 1H x 21D. ~te is 100 cards per 

minute. It is still available for use at Arlington Hall ·station in 

room 1800-A. · 

I Rat• llr. s. ThOl'De 

NSA Farm 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 TOP SECRET FRO'FII 
March 1954 

HELLCAT II 

HELLCAT II (AFS.AF-D59A) ia a relay hand-teater and deciphering 

device which combines two letters at a time to produce cipher or 

plain. Onl7 two of the four units planned were built, NSA-35 delivering them in June 195J •. The remaining two were cancelled. 

The keyboard input ia located on a desk nearb7 and the memor7 

(a relq storage unit), adder unit cod~r and ring circuit are all 

enclosed in a smali table 2 1H x 2 1L x 2 1D mounted on casters. A 

' 

OXCO regeneration t11>ewriter sits on top and serves aa output. 

Twenty- characters, usually key, are 't;yped on the keyboard, converted 

to a corresponding number in the co~~r and stored in one of the 

twent7 storage cells in the form of five-level Baud.at impulses. The 

ring circuit controls the level of storage used. Cipher text via 

" . the ketboard is then combined with the stored key by means of an 

adder unit, a set of 15 relay-a which add characters b7 pairs, modulo 

26. The output, reconverted to letters, is page printed on the t;ypewriter. 

The device will have no plugboards as in BELLO.AT I •. Its rate 

of operation is up to 6 .or 8 characters per second. It is located 

at Naval Security Station in room 1323 • 

.Ref': Mr. N. Christopher 

' 

cor~FIDENTIAL 
HO ILE 

HOILE (no AFSAF #) is a relay decipherer to mechanize decipherment of Playt'air cipher messages. The one model was built 

by' NSA-62 in July 1953 as a desk-top crypto-aid. 

Input is by keyboard; output is to a CXCO regeneration·typewriter. The first keystroke stores the initial half of a playfair 

digraph in the relay unit and the second stroke starts the analyz-

·ing sequence which results in printing a pair of plain text equivalents according to the plugging of a square. Dimensions or. the 

square at present are 6 x 6 , but this could be modified to ~ . smaller rectangle with but little difficulty. 

Size of the relay unit is 1 1H x 2 1L x 2 1D plus keyboard and 

typewriter. Rate ·is up to 6 or 8 characters per second. 'At. 

present the device is in storage at Arlington Hali Station in room 

·1500-A. 

Ref: Mr. s. Thorne 

NSA Form 781-CIOS I Jul 52 ±9P SECRET FROTII 
March 1954 

HYPO I - III 

HYPO (CXEA) is a 35 nun photoelectric film comparator used as 

a statistical GRENADE to locate starting point or traffic from an 

ENIGMA with known reflector, stecker and wheel order. Eastman 

Kodak Company delivered to Navy a pair or HYPO cameras in 1943 

(325 target capacity,_ 4'1t x 81L x 3'D) and a pair or projectors 

in late 1943 and 1944. A third camera and card reader pair, built 

jointly by Eastman and International Business Machines Corporation, 

arrived in 1945 and is called Serial 1 (or Model II). A fourth · 

camera called Serial 2 (or Model II) remains undelivered, stored 

in Rochester. Both have 676 target capacity. Navy built two 

more projectors. The first, called Model I with complete disregard 

for the earlier model, was mostly the work or L~. Steinhart, and. 

was finished in 1946. Model II was finished in 1952. A special 

equipment called LETTER.WRITER SUBSTITUTION TRANSFERRING DEVICE was 

developed to make automatic substitution in preparing message tapes. 

The card-reader and camera operate together to produce a 

master and a cipher film. The master film contains a graphic representation of all possible encipher links through the reflector, 

slow and medium. wheels for the full alphabet in the form or digraphs. 

The message film consists. of cipher text deciphe~ed through the 

stecker substitution and the fast wheel, then combined with 3 or ...... 

more high frequency letters to produce digraphs which are merel.J' 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 TOP SEeRET FROTiI 
~~~of?I\ T()P SEttt:rJ tS'FII 

HIPO I - III (Cont'd.) 

input-output pairings. The projector matches the two films photographically to find the point or maximum coincidence, stopping automatically to permit hand recording at a hit. There are 30 frames 

in the gate and 5 columns of 26 possible spots per frame. The 

ICKY II Camera (CXNR) can be used to produce HYPO film. 

The equipment tends to be bulky, the sm8.l.lest item being the 

original projector, 41H x 2 1L x 2 1D and the largest the readers 

tor Model I and II, 61 H x 71 L x 3 1 D • Rate or comparison is about 

10.t 000 items per second. The two latest cameras and readers are 

in use at Naval Security Station in room 20209. The latest two 

projectors are in room 20210. All the earlier equipments have been 

dismantled. 

Ret: Brief Description of RAM Equipment CIT paper 33, 61 

CIT-TS 9.t 21, 24.t 34 

Mr. G. Kier 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

-2-

NSA Form 781-ClOS I Jul 52 T()P SE€RET FRSTII 
March 1954 

I. C. MACHINE 

The 1. C. MACHINE (AFSAF-7 and -8, CXCM, I. C. PROJECTOR) is a 

general.ptirpose photoelectric comparator designed to match two 

portions of te~ on photographic plates at every overlap and loc~te 

either the point of ma.xi.mum Index of Coincidence (I.C. • Number of 

coincidences divided by number or coinparisons) or the several positions where I.e. exceeds a pre-set threshold~ Eastman Kodak 

Company built 6 for Navy, the first in August 1942• Two· were 

diverted to Arlington Hall in 1943 together with the Vane Camera 

(AFSAF-6) and the I.e. Plate Camera (AFSAF-9) ror photographic 

\ 

text onto plates. One (AFSAF-7) was modified in 1947 to handle. 

35mm tape; the Lucite Rod Camera (AFSAF-10) produced the film for it. 

Two lengths o.~ t~xt are photographed onto 1 11 x 411 glass 

plates as a 30 x 600 field of clear spots on an opaque background. 

A clear balance track of length proportional to text length and 

identification data are also added. The plates are· placed in the 

projector gate and slid past. each other as light is beamed.through 

them. Light from matching clear spots (indicating text coincidence) 

is weighted by a photoelectric cell and matched against output of . . 

another photoelectric cell receiving light from the overlapped 

balance tracks {exactly proportional to overlap or texts being 

compared). When the ratio·. (I.e.) of these two currents exceeds a 

pre-set amount, a neon light fiashes and the operator hand records 

CONFIDENTIAL 
I. C. MACHINE (Cont'd.) 

the setting. Only one other ma.chine, the 5202 CP:MPARATOR MARK II1 

has such a wide gate, . 600 frames. This is restricted to ·12s 

frames when film is used. The device handles numerical or literal 

text; and is completely' general in usage, but· experience has shown 

that I.e .. studies mu.st not be used indiscriminately to build up . . 

depth on 'unknown traffic. 

Size is negligible, less than 1 1H x l'L x 2'D ·and an average 

effective rate of comparison is about 1000 match~s in 4 or S 

seconds, or 1500 frames per second when film i' used. In spite 

of extensive redesigning by the manufacturer the equipment has not 

been as useful as hoped, so all but two, one for P18:te an~ one tor 

film, have been dismantled. Both of· these are stored in the attic 

' . 

of building 20 at Naval Security Station. 

Ref: M.A.C. Outline #12 

C.I.T. papers 1, lA, 71 

Mr. J~ stapleton 

Mr. L. Wheatley 

- 2 - , 

CONFIDENTIAL 
March 1954 

KEU'INDER 

DYFINDER, (A:/.AJ3/2, AUTOMATIC COLUMN STRIPPIBG UNIT, !JUMERIO 

XEYFIIDER) was a digital ke7 tester or depth tester, used with a 

405 TABULATOR to tr7 ~robable key against an overlap column. Six 

tne 931 SLIDE-RUB gates were built b7 and rented f'rom International 

:Ba.a!neaa Machines Corporation in 1944, and two were converted to a · 

DlFIIDl!IB. b7 section WDGAS-92. The f'irst one, in 1945, was disDl&D.tled and the second built in 1948. It continued in. use until 

replaced in December 1949 by SKATE and SLED equipments. liav7uaed 

· a combination of IBM equipment and MEB.CTJB.Y to do the same .job. 

!he original plan was to apply "the :full 10 ,000 kep possible 

in a 4-d1g1t system to all groups i~ an overlap column 3 to ao 

deep. Instead, the machine assumed aucceesivel7 95 high-frequenc7 

groups at each group in an overlap column up to 20 deep, applied 

ke7 thus derived against the remaining groups in the column and 

·teated resulting possible plain groups against a recognition bank 

ot JOO high-f'requenc7 groups. 

Later, two 5-position 10 x 10 matrices were added making the 

use of cipher, crib and ke1' more flexible. This modification, made 

in 1948, further changed its capacities from 4 digit only to 3, . 4, or 5-digit, set depth limits at 3 to 16 , permitted from 93 

~ to 192 high-frequency crib assumptions, and from )00 to 1500 

groups in the recognition unit. .A log weighting f"eature ranging 

NSA Form 781-ClDS 1 Jul 52 'F8P SECRET FR8'FII 
XE'!FIBDmR (Oont'd.) 

from l to 7 was el.so provided. Input and output were still t~ough 

the 405 TABULATOR, and record was made of all keys for which the number 

of recognized groups exceeded the preset threshold. The first model 

contained 5 channels to accomplish simul taneoua decipherment through 

5 random squares. This feature was eliminated on the later model, 

eince onl7 the defunct Jap Army used "square arithmetic• ke71ngs. 

Weights and recognition groups were set up on plugboarda. 

The gate itself consisted of five leaves or frames, hinged togather and measured 5'H :x 6'L x J'D· plus a 405 TABULA.TOR. Carda 

were reed at. 150 per minute., giving up· to 20 x 150 • ,3000 tests 

:per minute. All special c~cuitry was. removed and the gate returned 

to International Business Ya.chines Corporation. 

Ref:. Machine· Branch AmluaJ. li.eport , lt946 

M.A.C. OUtline No. 18 

Mr. J .. Powers 

Mr. s.. Tho.rne 

-2-

NSA Farm 781-CJOS J Jul 52 170P SECRET FReTII 
Mh ~ij hff!ftffi9' . 'I.. ' ··1 ·,· ! '" 

: .. i . ; ~i 

' I 

ii 

.. I Log Weight Unit 

I 

Matrix Control Panels 

.. ..,. 

KEY FINDER 
REF ID:A60928 

FROTtl-
TOP GJXE I 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

March 1954 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

~e KEY SYNTHESIZER (S!UJiGl!X)N DY SYNTHESIZER) ia a pattern 

generator which prints out 

It applies to traff 1c produced on the 

German-built on-line teletn>e cipher device and was built bT 1'~23 

in 1950. 

tor identification • 

. !l'he machine cons1ata of an I:BMke7board, a 1 1ll z l'L z l'D 

combiner unit ~a OXOO regeneration tnewriter. Rate ia 6 to 8 

characters per aeconcl. It is in operation at .Arlington HaJ.1 Sta1iion 

in room 2048-A. 

I.et: Miaa V. Colline 

Mr. G. Stahly 

NSA Form 781-C10S 1 Jul 52 TOP SEERE'f FRe'FII 

-------------------
March 1954 

The term LETTER.WRITER EQ,UIPMEllT (.AFSAF-96, CXCO PERFOl:U.TED !l!API 

lllQ,UIPMEm') refers to a unit of three standard commercial machines 

tor processing 7/8 inch perforated paper LETTERWRITER tape and also 

tor 11/16 inch teletn>e tape. Serving as a two-way link between 

tnf ormatio~ printed in page form and in mechanically-readable perforated form, the CXCO provides input or output for a large number 

of the analytic machines. It is not Agency developed and not ana- . 

1,.t:lc :ln the strictest sense, but is included here because it ia ao 

co~letel7 adaptable to a number of the analytical processes or 

awcilim'y to others,, and because puncned tapes snd. cards still handle 

the greatest part of aJ.l data during processing. 

Several hundred such sets or units, composed of llEAD.EB., BEGU~ 

ER.A!J!ION !l!YPEWRITEB. and PUNCH, plus various minor items such as the 

the 3.unction box (chime box), pulse counter, etc., have been pro-

~ed since .April 1942. Such units, originally produced by 

El.ectromat:lc TJPewriter Corporation, an IBM subs1d1er7, m.'e now produced by the independent successor, Commercial Controls Corporation, 

under the commercial name of FJ.exowriter. 

Veraatile MA!l!TBEW and many other machinea are logical mod:lf:lcation1 and extensions of this equipment. For straight production of 

page copy f'rom tape, the cheaper COPY MACHINE (a llEGENlilRATION TYPEWRITER m:lnua the tape-punch control) is often used. .A similar &pec:lal 

NSA Form 781-CJOS J Jul 52 TOP SECRET FRO'fll 
TOP OLG:a::L I 

March 1954 

LEJ!!l!li'R'WRITER EQ,UIPMENT (Cont 1 d. ) 

purpose PUNCH CONTROL TYPEWRITER with no solenoids and onl7 5 

translator bars under the ke7a, operates a tape punch and cannot be 

reader-controlled to do tape-to-print work. 

Bate of operation ranges from 4 to 12 oharactera per second.. 

!he three pieces are usually mounted on a 2'H x 51L x 2 1D dollJ, 

vi~ the BEADER and PUNOH, each l 1H x l 'L x a•D~ plaoed Oil either 

aide, and the REGENERA!rIOllT TYPJilWRITER in the center. Such uni ta are 

fomul in various locations. Faster readers, writers and punches are 

being sought and found, ao eventuaJ.17 the equipment mq become obao• 

lete, but :la moat useful at present. 15-level tape equipment (OXC0-2), 

developed through commercial companies, is now available. .All OXCO 

:Blq,tJIPMD'l! in the .Agenc1' has been redesigned and improved. recently 

and is now called OX00-1. 

Bet~ CIT paper 34, 62, 63 

M.A. o. Outline No. 46 

Mr. R. Nothnagel 

Mr. J. Russell 

:Mr. J. Stapleton 

- 2 -

NSAForm78~C10S JJul 52 ±()P SECRET FRO'FII 
• 
REF ID:A60928 

LETTERWRITER EQUIPMENT 

-AFSAF 96 . CZCO PERFORATED TAPE BQUIPdf 

including tape reader, regeneration typeWriter and tape punch 
M..""trch 1954 

MATRIX GATE 

The term MATRIX GATE (AFSAF-104, 798 SUBSTITUTION GATE) refers 

to one of a set of relB.7 devices used w1 th 797 OOORDIN.A.TING BEP.RO- · 

DUOms to perform various au.bstitutions on 5 a!ld. 10 characters of 

text. .All twelve were purchased trom lnterna'flional l3uaineaa Machines 

Corporation in 1951. The J-SQ.UABES and the J'Omt-POSITION ALPHA GA.TE 

. are predecessors to this equipment and MA!!THEW' does a comparable job. 

Six are for alphabetic data, with plttggable 32 x )2 matrices. 

Of these, four handle 5 characters at a time and two handle 10 

characters. The si:x: numeric ones have 10 x 10 pluggable matrices, 

four of which handle 10 characters at a time, and two of which onl;r 

6 characters. The numeric gates can do normal, false, or minor \ 

I 

differencing. Each bas its internal power suppl7 but can not operate 

independently. Rasul ts are checked by double COJllP1l:tation. 

Sizes range from 51H x 5'L x 31D for the large 10 position 

numeric down to J'H x 4'L :z:: 2'D for the small frame, 5 position 

)2 x 32 alphabetic. All operate at 100 cards per minute and are 

now in use at .Arlington Hall Station in the four A-building wings of 

Section HSA.-82. 

Ref: Mr. o. Algren 

V.r. J. Powers 

Mr. s. Thorne 

CONFIDENTIAL 

............. _._._._.._._.. ___ RE __ F--:ID=--:~A:6:0:9:2:8~------------------i 

MATRIX GATE 

AFSAF l04E 

IBM MATRIX SUBSTITUTION GATE 

10-position., 32x32 
.. ... 

MARGH 1954 

MATTHE"vl 

The term MATTHEW (AFSAF-1041 104B,, CXCX) covers a family of gene:eal 

purpose substitution and comparing devices 1 .used tor ditterencin,g 

and combining two punched paper tapes character by character on any 

mod,u1us un to 26 using non-carrying arithmetic.· About 9 models of· 

s.uch equiument were built. The. first (CXGX, MATRIX MACHiflE, M-26) ·--

by Navy in; January 1943, had a fixed 10 x 10 matrix mounted in a 

CXCO LETTERWRITER dolly, with the usual CXGO reader, regeneration 

typewriter and punch set on too. Later models include a 10 x 10 

n:I;uggable matrix, a fixed and a 1'Jluggable 26 z 26 matrix, and a 

nluggable .32 x .32 matrix (AFSAF-104) 1 this last in an upright 

relay rack. The latest model is a pair with a 36 x 36 pluggable · 

matrix (AFSAF-104B) built into old PYTHON-VIPER frames set on a ... a desktop. LUKE and JOHN are s~ecialized modifications and the . . 

several IBM MATRIX GATES are card-operated equipments having 

identical functions. The out~:mt or a 10 x 10 pluggable MATTHEW 

was connected to a 10 x 10 FREQU~~CY COUNTER and called MATTHEWSIMON, BASE 10. Matthew replaced Army's JMA DECIPHEiUWG DEVICE 

and other substitution devices· as well. 

Ba~ically, the device consists of two reade~s ·or a double 

head reader, a relay matrix, a CXCO regeneration ty~ewriter and a tape 

runch. Innut is by keyboard and tape, or· two tanes and outnut is 

to a regeneration typ~writer ·and/or punch. Thus the machine can 

cor-JFIDENTIAL 
l .. ... 

MARCH 1954 ~HEW.- (Cont 1 d.) 

deci~her literal or numerical text, or can combine two tapes accordint to almost any rule or combination. Plugboards make substitution 

possible on· input or output. 

The dolly housing the relaye or earl7 models measured 

21H x 51L x 310. An upright or rack-type MATTHEM measures 

6•H x 2'L x l•D. The newer desk-top models measure 41H·x ;•L x 3 1D. 

Op~ration is a 6 to S c~racterw per second. They are located at 

various places, tor example, the desktop MATTHEW is at Arlington 

Hall Station in room 2054-B, and the two of the latest models at 

Naval Security ~tatj.on in room 4152. 

Ret: MAC Outline #5 

CIT Paper #95 

Mr. R. Bronder 

Mr. F. Mayol 

Mt-. J. Stapleton 

-2- . 

CON.FIDENTl1A1L 
-. - . 

FORM 781·C10C 

6 JUL 51 

March 1954 

NOMAD 

NOMAD (.A'B'SAF-D81 through D88) will be a system of high-speed 

electronic mass-de.tar-handling equipment with all the capabilities 

.of a computer, but with design emphasis on its huge data handling 

capacity rather than on computations and operations on individual 

terms. A tn>ical use will be a large-acal.e sorting job which it 

will accomplish 100 tc, JOO times faster than current l:BM · ec;.uipment.. The idea of such o. machine was suggested in 1946 and studies 

of mass data handling methods, started by Navy in February 1949, 

led to a contract on 7 September 1951 with Re.7theon Corporation for 

one operational model due Ja.n:uary 1956. 

Eight pieces of peripheral. equipment, 4 for tape and 4 for 

card, will convert data onto 6-level magnetic tape at a rate .of 240 

characters per second f~om punched tape, or more than 320 characters 

per' second from cards, or 85 per second from chadless tape. !l'here . will be two units to convert magnetic tape to page copy on a 4/J? 

TAlroLATOR. Information on these magnetic tapes will be read. in and 

out at a rate of 14,000 characters per second. A OXCO tape punch 

will be provided for output of brief, infrequent answers. 

In the main ma.chine, 4 PITS, Primary Internal Tape units, 

will each s\ore 109 l>i ts in the f'orm of JS-bit words on. JS-level 

magnetic tape. This is equivalent to about 2 million I:BM cards -.. . . per PIT. In conjunction with automatic monitor registers, four 

SECRET 
.... I) 

1.9 

FORM 781 • C lOC 

6 JUL 51 

'IOJW) (Cont'd.) 

magnetic core buffeJ~s will act as interim storage, each accepting up 

to 128 words from its associated PIT and feeding it into the main 

memor7 and computation units as needed. The high speed memory will 

be a unit of 36 magnetic core matrices, 32 x )2 , having a 

constant access time of 20 microseconds and a 1,024 word capacity. 

There will be an auxiliary drum memo~y- with a al-4 m 16, )84 word 

capacity. The control section will use J-address instructions, each 

consisting of a 6-bit order code and three 10-bit addresses. :Both 

program and data will be handled in the main memor;y. There will be 

special cryptanalytic orders to facilitate such character manipulations as moduJ.ar arithmetic, masking bransfer, automatic repetition 

and jump orders based on distinguishing between numbers on the basis 

of size, sign or pattern • 

.Repetitive operat~ons on large sets of words will be at.a rate 

of up to 50,000 words per second for short stretches or ~4,000 

for continuous operation. The main machine will occupy 5,000 

square feet of floor space, and the peripheral equipment, 2,000 

square feet. It will be delivered at Ft. Meade, !f.iarT].a.nd. Potentially one of the most useful of all the machines, it is also the 

most ez;pensive (4 to 5 million dollars) and the largest. 

Ref: Mr. D. Hogan 

Mr. J. Hyduke 

Mr. J. Powers 

Mr. s. Snyder 

-2-

SECRET 
.... 3.3(h)(2) 

March 1954 

=> 86-36/50 USC 3605 

OBOE 

OBOE (XFE, also called KEY DERIVATION f'or COLERIDGE, a term also 

applied to the COLERIDGE KEY SUBSTITUTION DEVICE) was a special 

purpose relay-eribtester for COLERIDGE isomorphic.depths ot two. It 

was built by Navy in 1948 and has been superceded by PICCOLO . . 

(AFSAF-37)• Earlier, Navy cancelled plans for FLUTE, a cribte_ster . . 

.~ch was to have been a prototype to OBOE • 

. - The device was desk-like in arrangement and measured 

5'H x 61L x 3'D • Operation was at the operator's own speed. It 

has been dismantled. 

Ref: 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 

M.A.C. Outline #62 

Mr. J. Eachus 

Lt. R. Marmet 

TOP SECRET FROTII 
-1\ 

J 

I 

,· 

I 

~I l 

' '11 

1~1 , I 

J,!jJ 

' l 

l. I 

~ 

;".f: 

\1 i 

.~ 

" 

... --·. 

- ' •. * , • • ~ ~ 

• 

---.... -~. --·--· ---· - .. 

I 

- -- .;. 

' 

t 

• 

....... .,...... 

' . ,. '-· ~.-•' ·'' 

.(f --....... _ 

.. 
OBOE 

AFSA.F 37A 

or DlmVA.TION tor <XlL!RIDGE 

~ ~;_.,E GRE'rt. 
. _,. REF ID:A60928 

March J.954 

01MALLEI 

O •MALLE!' (AFSAF-951 CXMY) ~s an electronic digital calculator 

tor finding sums ot cross-products. The card reader and rt!l.&7 . . 

sections were built tor Navy by Conmercial Controls Corporation and 

the electronic seCtion by Engineering Research Associates. The one 

model was delivered in December 1948· 

The machine applies to problems requiring sums ot products, 

such as flagging, inversion ot large circulant matrices or matching 

. frequency distributions with a lmown universe. The reader-printer · 

is sim.pl.7 a two-card teed mechanism to handle multiplier and multi- 0 

plicand decks, as well as the printing mechaniBDIJ control panels and 

plugboards. Ea.ch card holds as many as 35 signed four-digit 

numbers. 

The relay Unit stores values read. from the cards and the resultant smns of. products. An electronic ~t scans these values, 

teeding them by pairs into counter rings and adding their produ~ 

into a 10-r:l.ng accumulator ot iolO capacity. These sums transter 

to the reader-printer tor recording. Special coding is used in the 

cards, and output is in printed form onl.7· Negative numbers are 

expressed as the complement. ot 10 • 

Inwt is at the rate ot 80 pairs of cards per minute and 

print-out is one line of 30 · C:>haracters per second (20 characters . .. . 

tor identification and a 10-digit answer). Fa.ch answer is computed 
-' . REF ID:A60928 

0 1MALLEY (Cont'd.) 

and returned in 425 milliseconds. Sise ia 2 cabinets totalling 

~·H x 171L x 21D plus reader-printer console 4'H x 5'L x.31D, 

requiring 161 x .321 floor apace.· It _is now at Arlington Hall 

station in ro~ 1530-A. 

Ref: Mr. D. Hogan Mr. J. stapletoh 

-2-
• • 

• 

; ~:· lif\11· it' ·:. : "1 · . 

U:·~~ -.lti~ ·H ! 

.~Ii·;:.·; r:. !~ .. -~· .· ,., • •• I 

·' .... .. 

e . 

• 

I . 

. ' 

I 

. , 

' 

~- .,, 

t:...... ' "= 

.. 

. I , )' . JI.' .. I.I .. 

MAnCH 1954 ... 

~··.~::! ... 

OPBIS 

. . OPHIB (:.USJJ'-IE'I) :le a .-.rali•ed Vil'•ntozo zoelq llD&l.oe, a 

pnen1 JRl1'PO•e nbllHtu.tion derioe dae:lped. to d.vplioata the fuo'ion 

ot UT wired nkr 'NU'b1ne of up '° 'en J6-p»eit:lon nwre; .l ~­

traot vi'th JlacineeriDg J.eeeu'ah Je110oiat•• for 111• ooneu110Holi. vu 

oanoelle4 and. U.lr-36 'bu:ll.tl it 1ne11ead.e. lt WU. 4eliT8l'e4 iD October: ~ I . . . . 

19&2 ad· s.. 1J.Becl t~ a:l4 in eh.cl:lee ot ~4 row oi;ph.81' d.m~•· .An 

OPBIS OOJIP.AUB. (Pl'o.1eot ,315&-41~) vu ~ate4 in J&D11U7 19153 to ,_·· - . . . . 

operate vitil OPBIS am. later· vi~· BABt OPBlS '° ocnmt in••--· ...... inplt 110 a .... oomee out at the .... poei t:lon. 

!he maobSne can be u.eecl aa a. l():;rotor .dnica or •• no 15-zrotoidn'ioee. !rape or lmiboard 1npa.t :le prori4e4 for bo'11 •.f01t:lou •. It . . 

. . 

etepp!Dc aan be aontrolled b7 internal elamante or 'bi' Up8. It om 

do enoiphering aza4 cleo:lpher:lnc, uetng 1nro 60 x 3' plugboU'U, an4 

ten 8 s a> plugboard,, mekh1g ell elmtm. t• plugg&bl.e.-

It ooneieta of a U:-ithsped tabla .J'H x 10'L z J'D ~ ep.4n.•' 

tin raab of rel.q eqa.ipaent, 61H x 101L z 8 1D. OD either ana of 

the 'D' i• • tap• reader," ·tape pan.ch and axoo repneration tnewr:lt• 

. .... wh:lah 1:1.m:l t the llP•ed to 6. or 8 ahal'aotw• pw eeaoncl. It :I.• 

loaat84 at B&TPl Saaar!t;v station in ,l'oOJ1.·l71l4r~ . ··-

llef 1 B~'4 t:lle• 

··' 

~. JT. Ohrietopb.er 

Mr. v. haldne 

Mr •. R. Sangpiehl 

CONFIDENTIAL 

) . 
'' ''' ;''l'i'' 'II 011') ·' 't.\• (/ 'i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I_, ~•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

---------

_____ ,,; 

.. ........ I 

... 

. 

q D D 0 
REF ID:A60928 

OPHIS 

AFSA'F DS7 

:a:;ECRETi 
REF ID:A60928 

TOP SE€RET FROTH 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

.. 

. . 

PICCOLO I -'IV 

March 1954 

PICCOLO ( AFSa-YI) la a. apea1al. purpose l'fll.q cr1bteater and . . 

deo!pherer tor appl.JiDg cribs through. a giTeD aubatitut1on to a 

,Pair or iammr~ ~~IXJB ....... ~ aodel.11 were built, the . . 

&st; b,r RSA.-35 and. later ams by RSAr-22, ane uch ;rear fral 194' to 

·. 19'1.. · Sar1a1 2 of :model If ~ oaapl.eted in Septmber 1952. !heae 

6UJ8N9da ·. the •v osm am the planne4 PW1'B p-ot;otne •. 

Par each set.ting tried, the machine autanaticaJlT printa 01$ 2o lnt.er• 

of '°"'bla plain.\OD a CXC0 1"8gener&tion t7P8'friter. lbleJ.e m an4"J.f . . ban ~dan tor( . I.and 

haw apm.a:t t,pewriten whiah prfntl......._ ____ ___.I U de~ •• 

The .ftrst t~ unit.& 119!."9 table-top aim, 1 1R x 3'L x 3.'D• 

later Clll99 are relq rsmrs, ''Rx 31L x 2'D pl.WI typnriter. lbfe1 l 

Ilsa -~ dored and mode1 m has bean diam&ntled,. bat, the ~ 

2 models, II and IV 1 a.re often nC8!'1'8d to as models n and m. Th81'9 . . 

are now 3 PICCOID 111 :ln . 1188 at .Arl:lngtan. 8'all station 1n rocm 2054-B. 

Rate· :la 6 to 8 character• per aecoml. · 

Beterenc~s: 

ifr. N. Christopher kl-. G. Lockhart 

lfr •. F. lfq'ol 

·Mrs. L. Pokorold 

NSA F•• 71J.CIOS I Jul 52 'fOP SECRET FROTII 
Karch l9S4 

. !l!he P.B.ISllSIIG PUIOH -. a •d.Ulaatton of a m. 7 DPJIOJIJCIE . . 

~ DI' SUDAU PUIUI, a ooapl.eMl.7 ~~ iD,plik•'im' d.w!ae 

Wldah opera.tell vi th otur eqaJplent• 'to 4o cUgl .._ enotpheling 11114 

. . cleotJllwrlng ubg •ltlbme•la DI' n'blltlt•tloa, oa ap 'o fln l!gl.1;• 

·at a time.. It vu ~ 1"m'Yl •flld.J118D' d.ne1ope4 ·1a 1M& f01" the ~ 

'b7 ID1H1rna.Ucmal. :Bu:ln.ee• llaaMne• 0a1"JI01"&,lon 81111...,. n'bmt:lta.tlou . ~ 

at a Mgher :n.te of Qee4 t!laD 11111' :pnylou.• DI method.. •&91'' • ID-& 

oocm>t1NHR UPJIOmaa NJJ1aaec1. 'both tt &114 the :m-a, en4 .. tt•el' 

·. . . 

1"11jdaae4 'b7 a II.All: u · mo4el. (.Al'B0-48), no• -.1.l.ell the 797 aoaama.t- . . ' 

De -ob' ne· W tvo ••t• of 80 1"ea4illg 'lln..U.e• 1111.Cl one ••t of ,. 

. . 1D froa one cleoJc. !he ava ••t of 'bruhe•, ~tall.eel one cval• 

betore the pmah!ng at;age, pendtte4 001P1tation• to be ]llllDClhe4 lato 

": . . 

1ihe .. aar4 tnm Wldah t;he bu• :lnto1"111Lti~ a.a or iDto a -

· . 

cleaJc. lft.th au:U~ equlpaat the •obtne aou14 mol:pb.er DI' 4-ipha1" 

11114 pmoh a 1"eood of the 1"enl. t•, all in one OJ'Qle. In i teel:f, it 

4oe• no acuqpa:t;atlon, •eni:ag cml.7 u a 'baae mol1:tu. 

It Manre4 "'B z 3'Ji z l'D &114 operafiecl at a 1"&te of 100 

"carcl• PIZ' 1Wmt4'. .All h&Te 'bea.1"etuu4 to ID~enafitoll&l. :lube•• 

llet1 Mr. 0. Al.gND. 

lfr. J. B'Jd.Uk• 

Mr. S. 'l!home 

CONFIDENTIAL 
E03.3(h)(2) March 1954 

PL 86:;;36/50 USC 3605 

'Jhe ~ m IllV'I<m vaa a tampor&.17 aozm.eot:lon of the ~ 

aAIOG am a 514 llllPBOi>tioa uaed to dnelo:p aJ.pui.beta in '119 •+'"• 

CJOl•• It waa aet up bJ' 1~82 ·1n Karch 19153 tor a one-'5.me .1ob. 

On '1le atrength of dud.lee ~:r I .... ____________ __. 

the· :retired PmlPll ADLOG ,,... gotten out of atorage and put 1D.1io 

vorldng ord.~. It waa run through it• full cJcJ,e ot as' or 115,&as 

poa:l'tl:lou. (!he three 26-poaition •ao 1 a• wheel.a onl7, a:lnae the 

18'•' wheel i• al_,. oona1clere4 eepa.ratelF) ad the renl.Hnc aa:lpher-d.eo!:pher al.:phabet1 catalopiecl on other equipmt tor d.eozJp-· 

tiOD ad. atudJ' pm'pOHBe 

.Analog al•• waa 1 1H .z J 1L .z 1 1 D :plu1 a 514 ll3PJlOlJtJOB. *ate 

vu 100 CJ'Ol•• per minute. ~though now d1auntle4, 111 vo1114 be 

-1' to r.-oomb:lne the pair of equ.ipient• it need.ed.. 

lle1' I Mr• 8. !home 

• I 

NSA Farm 78'1-ClOS 1 Jul 52 T()P SE€RET FR()TII 
RATTLER (CXLS) was a rel.al' analog tor the Japanese JADB 

e machine (a telephone selecf!pr cipher device producing Jl-1'7 

tr&:ftic) tc:> recover st~ing points through exhaustive trial. 

Rational Cash Register Campa.n;y built three for Rav, the tirsli 

in -· 1944. Plana to. sem one to Pearl Harbor ware aancelle4 

and it was eventual.q ~llll&Dtled. The other two wre lllOdified 

in October 1944 to apl>l1' interchange&~ to either 5-vheal VIPBll 

or ,3-wheel P?THOH problems. Amdl1ary equipnent included a cable 

. . continuit7 checker, a Nl.q' checker, a test os~tor ~plugboard teat. There waa an unimportant tape-operated pre-punch nrit1er . ' . built tor Rav about 1946 which was called RATTimt tor a short wtiile. 

·- 'ftle machine tested a S .or 6 letter crib against .cipher throagh 

a tml.l OJ'C].e b.J' tracing cipher text. through the 3 moving rotora. and 

mtabing the results tor possible circuits. These last 2 rotora 1181'9 

ba.Dd stepped. between messages and were not interchangeabl.e. 'l'he vstuaed. 50 charaoters11 25 each in upper and lower case, with eaob. bal.t . enciphering onl7 to itself. ~re were 25 plugboarda, one per letter. 

Each board, containing the rotor wirings and the 1o-dq atealmr, had I 

25 inputs and 625 outputs to a detector circuit. At a bit, conaist1!Jg . . . 

ot · S or 6 points hot in the _. column~· the lllB.ch1n• at.opped to 1nd1aate 

the mdatence ot required circuits mid ahowd .the setting en n,ton 1.1.ghta. . . 

Cipher input waa b7 ex.co tape reader. 

~- was 7 'H x 9 'L x 2 1D pluli tape reader and rate •a a full CV'Ol• 

teated in about 10 m1nutaa. Tha7 ware diamantled. 
• REF ID:A60928 

111 I 

I 
-

REF ID:A60928 

RATTLER 

(C;'a.S, N-1200, N-2200~)~-ltll~~~~tlttf;J;i1I 
EO 3.3(h)(2) March 1954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

ROE 

ROE (AFSAF-D98) is a special purpose tape-operated relay deciphering device for STURGEON traffic, I 

The STURGEON ANA.LOG supplies both substitu~ion and transposition 

key tapes, and ROE applies these to cipher. A pair of double-headed 

readers permit three tape inputs at a time, usually cipher text tape 

and two key tapes. The resulting :plain values are printed out on a 

oxeo regeneration typewriter. Its present use as a. supplement to the 

ANA.LOG is limited due to a change "in the traffic system from use of 

one-·wa.y tapes to multiple daily wheel settings, thus requiring the 

ANALOG to do the full job. ROE is still useful for fitting out-of-

:pbase me~sa.ges in shallow depth, and will be in use again whenever 

wheel ~attetns change and must be recovered. 

Size is l 1H x 1 1L x l'D , plus two double-headed readers aJld. 

a exec regeneration t;ypewriter. Rate of speed is 6 to 8 characters 

per second. At present it is stored at Arlington Hall Station in 

room 2048-A. 

Ref: 

NSA form 781-CIOS I Jul 52 

Miss V. Collins 

Mr. G. Stahly 

'f()P SEERET FROtf II 
, , ,, ., '·r' 

....... 

/• 1 ~ 

\ ,,. ' " 

l " I 
REF ID:A60928 

ROE 

AFSAF D98 
TOP OE~12aFROTII 

E03.3(h)(2) March 195h 

PL 86-36750USC 3605 

ROSE 

ROSE (AFSAF-D55, DEPTH..,;.REAt>ING CRIBDRAGGER) ia an electronic 

cribdragger for depths of two in STURGEON l .... ____ ___.I Probabl7 

. the first electronic desk-top crypt-aid ever built, the single model 

was built in 1951 bT l1$A-.)5. 

Up to 20 letters of crib are supplied b7 tape or Re!:llland cards 

and two cipher messages in depth are read b:r a double-headed tape 

reader. Output is to a CXCO regeneration typewriter and/or tape 

punch. I 

I The anal7at "--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

ma7 then try to read text from these irregular lines. Weight aummiJJg is accomplished in binar7 cotlllters, and printed in decimal form. 

Wheel patterns and. stecker and consequent function must be known. 

Input is at the rate of 1 character per 4 seconds and output is at 8 characte1•s. The several pieces of equipment in the 

unit fit comfortably on a table. It is now in use at .Arlington Hall 

Station in room 2048-A. 

Ref: 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 

T/CA 15/50 

Miss V. Collins 

Miss N. Miller 

Mr. G. Stahly 

'f()P SEERET FROTII 
- ..... . --· .. ·-···- ..... ....... 

~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~y~~~~~~ 

1il :: ~::: i :: :::: :== :: ::: 

11·····1 ...... :: ..... ..... ········ ::::: .... 

-........... . 

-.. - . - ...... .... . ... 

:: .:_ .. :1 :: : (::::: 

::::::: 

..... 
~--------1m1Rilitli'£111111t•n•: i•~w•a•;•x•A 

•• 

ROSF. 

AFSAF D55 

DEP'l'H·-READI?«} CRl:BlJRA~ 
l:S() .. :3, 3(h )(2) 

PL86::.36/50 USC 3605 

FORM 781-ClOC 

6 JUL 51 

March 1954 

DICEY GENERATOR 

Theo KEY Gl!INERATo:a. 1fas a relay device which operated with 

a 51) REPRODUCER as an analog of a.I I cipher 

machine called I ... _....._ ______ ___. It was built by Ar'lfl7', section 

WDGAS-92, in April 1947. 

The patterns of the lwere represented on six letrels of an IBM card and automatically off set by a 

26 position class selector to produce the effect of motion. The 

full cycle of the cipher device could be reproduced in four and 

sometimes two cycles of the analog. 

The device was mounted in the cover of a 20 x J4 plugboard on 

a 51) REPRODUCER and measured 1 1H x l 'L x l 1D. :Rate was 100 cards 

per minute. It has been dismantled. 

Ref: Mr. S. Thorne 

SECRET 

• 
REF ID:A60928 

March 1954 

SIGMA 

SIGMA (.AFSAF-100, TWO-POSITION GATE) is a relay adding device 

used with 797 COORDINATING REPRODUCER number J5 to do modular 

addition on two positive numbers read from a card. It was bu.1lt b7 

lISAi-22 in late 1950. 

The computation ~.s true arithmetic, and selection of modulus 

is b7 an 8 x 20 ~lugboard. Two numbers from 00 to 99 a.re 

compared to f'ind A~ B or A < l3 • For either case, the selected 

modulus may be emplored before computing A+ B. Both ~actors are 

read trom a card and resu.J. ts are punched into the same or a different 

deck. 

Size is 2 1R x J'L x 2'D and rate is 100 cards per minute. 

It is available but unuaed at Arlington Ball Station in room 1700-A. 

Rat: Mr. S. Thorne 
REF ID:A60928 

1'Iarch 1954 

SINGLE POSITION COMP.ARING COLLATOR 

The SINGLE POSITION COMPARING COL~OR was an 077 COLLATOR • 

. rewired to provide J2 separate a.nd distinct co~aring positions, 

all inter-connectable in any desired manner. Three of these were 

built by Army, section WD(J.AS-92, in September 1946. In·l949, an 

072 COLLATOR was similarl;r modified to handle alphabetic material. 

!he first device was used for pattern search in digital 

material., testing several different patterns a1multe.neously. The 

special wiring was through the regular 20 x 34 plugboard, permitting p~ugg:t.:ng ot a:a.1 pattern(s) of any length up to 32 • Input 

was b;y l:SM cards, and at a hit the card in ~estion was sorted into 

a different pocket. 

:Bate we.a 240 cards per minute and size was 41H x 41L x 2'D. 

!rhe three modified 077 COLLATORS were recently dismantled but the 

modi:i':led 072 OOLLMOR is still available at Arlington Hall Station 

in room 1600-A. 

Ref: Mach:t..ne :Branch Annual Report. 1947 

Mr. s. Thorne 
• 

FORM 781-ClOC 

6 JUL 51 

?-L\RCH 1954 

SLED I 

SLED I (AFSAF-'12, .ALPH.Al3ETIC SLIDE-RUN MACHINE) is a general 

purpose analog computer, capable of a great variety of analytic 

operations. Two have been bought from International »usiness 

Machines Corporation. Serial l was delivered in January 1953 and 

Serial 2 arrived in July 1953. They- replace MERCURY, SLIDE-RUN, 

XEYFIND.ER, SK.A.TE I and II and other equipments. Plans for one or 

two SLED II's are still under discussion, but as yet no specifications have been drawn. CONSORT (ilSAF-D72/10, GROUP I.e. J.TTACHMENT) has been added to permit making 4- or 5-digit group 

comparisons and to evaluate an Index of Coincidence of the groups 

matched over a span of up to 3()0 characters. 

The device is card-operated. and has a 48,000 character magnetic drum with rev9lvers, delay line storage, two pluggable 

J2 x J2 matrices, a 2000 pents.graph recognition unit, a statisticaJ. evaluation or comparison unit, and provisions for weights 

over a rang~ of 1 to 127 • It is capable of notched wheel or 

wired rotor decipherment, depth search, key.finding, crib-dragging, 

coincidence counts, group I.e. counts, fractionation, chaining and 

other operations. Operation is controlled, not by program as in 

most computers, bu.t by interconnecting machine elements and by 

plugboard. wiring. Emphasis on data-handling rather than digital 

computation and large numbers· of simultaneous rather than serial 

SECRET 
' 

FORM 781 • C lOC 

6 JUI.. Sr 

SLED I (Cont'd.) 

operations are the outstanding characteristics of the machine. 

Pa.lee rate is 120 K.C. a:nd drum rate is )720 RPM , permitting J0,000 decipherments per second and up to 30 million 

pents.graphic comparisons per second. Ph1sically, the machine is 

L shaped, each arm being about 7'B x 20'L x J'D, plus a 797 

COORDINATING REPRODUCER. They are in operation at .Arlington Hall 

Station in room 1530-A. 

Ref: Mr. J. Hyduke 

Mr. J. Pouers 

-2-

SECRET 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

FORM 781- C lOC 

6 JUL 51 

1''hrch 195h 

SKATE I and II 

SKATr<; (AFSAF-71 = CXNQ; AFSAF-71A = CXOS) is a high speed cribdragger for reading depths, slide-run and keyfinder jobs. Both 

models were built £or Army by International Business Machines 

Corporation and delivered in January and December 1949· They served 

partly as pilot models to SLED (AFSAF-D72 ), of which they are only 

abbreviated versions, and supercede Army's SLIDE-RUN MACHIN!!: (AFSAF-29) 

and KEYFINDER. 

Model I was limited to cribdragging in COLERIDGE traffic, for 

isomorphic depths of two. Model II is much more flexible and general, 

able to do cribdragging, slide-runs and key£inder jobs. All SKATESLED equipment uses special input-output devices. A modified Cf/2 

COLLATOR is the input and a special 517 SUMMARY PUNCH or a 797 

COORDINATING REPRODUCER is the output. 

cribs in message A 1 I 

Both models try each 0£ 192 

Key may be tried offset up to 9 position. Cribs and recognition 

banks are set on plugboards. Model II has an additional feature, a 

device for applying WE?ights o~ 1 to 9 and an accumulator. 

Model I measured 7'H x 161L x 31D and II is 4 feet lower. 

The 15 KC pulse rate is the same for both, permitting testing 192 

cribs at one position and checking against 2000 recognition groups 

in .12 seconds on either model in a cribdragging job. Model II 

SECRET 

I 
. -. 

FORM 781 • C lOC 

6 JUL 51 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

SKATE I and II (Cont 1 d. ) 

also does 21,100 decipherments per second, checking each against 

the 2000 group recognition bank ..... l__________ ___.lbut 

the latter is in operation at Arlington Hall station in room 1530-A. 

Ref: Mrs. D. Blum 

!'J.r. J. Powers 

Mr. J. Russell 

- 2 -

SECRET 
I 

I I .I 1;..-.-" 

I 

" -·--------- :.: : 

• 

11 

'• 

.. .. ,_,,---.... ~ 

·-
REF ID:A60928 

SLED I 

AFSAF 72 

ALPHABETIC SLIDE-RUN MACHINE 

CXOA 
March :J.954 

SLO'r MA.CHUtm 

SLO!I! MACHINE (XFJ, 13-WHEEL DEVICE) was a solenoid operated 

deciphering device used to remove known key in certain weather 

systems. It was built by NSA-35 in August 1950 to mechanize 

tedious band decipherment. It was planned as a pilot model, but 

due to its cumbersome operation was the only one built. 

The machine contained 13 wheels, each 18 inches in die.meter, 

whose sanded lucite circumference was marked off into 10 equal 

segments. On this rim synoptic data could be pencilled. Five 

pushbuttons controlled stepping combinations (motion of sixth 

wheel equals sum of motion of first and fifth wheel, motion of· 

seventh wheel equals motion of second ~nd sixth wheels, etc.). 

It permitted use of semi-skilled personnel on a highly skilled 

job. Operation consisted of inscribing standard synoptic data 

on the wheels semi-permanently, setting the wheels according 

to each message in turn and hand copying the data thus aligned 

in the window slots. 

Size was 3'H x 3'L x 3'D and rate was about one operation 

per second. It opera.tad at Naval Security Station for a. while, 

then was sent to the museum a.nCI later dismantled. 

Ref"erences: 

Mr. K. P. Cook 

Mr • F • Sims 

FORM 781- C lOC 

6 JUL 51 SECRET 

REF ID:A60928 

.. "•• 

SLOT MACHINE 

13-WHEEL DEVI '-JffJ' ·r·1 f (\ 

! Fn:or1 ·1 -f 
'fOP ~EeR-F!3a FROTII · Ma.rch 2954 

STORK 

STORK (XFA) was a slowTspeed relay slide-run, device £or placing 

a long crib against cipher by recognizing cyclic key and roughness. 

The one equipment was built by Navy in November 1949 and was used on 

COLERIDGE traffic. 

Input was a CXCO tape reader. Each of the five ba'Q3 on the tape 

was wired to each of five chains or thyratrons which operate a stop 

circuit when £ired by a strong enough current. The device tried a 

30-letter crib at successive points, allowed a slide of up to 30 

positions, calculated _Eu(n2J) roughness statistic and stopped 

the machine when the statistic exceeded a preset amount. Output 

was in the form of lights revealing pertinent data. 

Size was 7'H x 711 x 3'D and rate of comparison was 4 to '6 

characters per second. It has been dismantled. 

Ref: CIT papers #96 

NSA Farm 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 

NSA- Technical Library Mr. J. stapleton 

TOP SECRET FR8l111 
---~ .. ~--"'' I ·c.•"-=:? .·:..~ .. ~ .... ~. :·r.-

_,....._ 

- ! -

I' l 

i . ' ----~ 

r .... ": l: 

, .. 

1· .. 

' ~ ... 

"-:~ . ' . ·!f'::t ,.._. ' .. ........ ~Jl'J -=.,·•u• i 

•: ... . " • • .it-: • • "ti ik ,.,~f.· •• 

'

.-.- ::i· ..... - .i~-'Wi; .. __ 

-.~ ·11 ~:~ ·::f:">i'- .. ~,. ~.,, .... 
REF ID:A60928 

STORK (XFA) 

.,-- f-.- 1r . ' ~ ·(·(f ---. 
EQ 3.3(h)(2) I..::arc h l ') 51.._ 

PL 86-~6/50 USC 3605 

STURGEON ANALOG 

The STURGEON ANALOG (Ali'SAl'-106) applies to the German-built 

STURGEON. on-line teletype keying device (SFM T520, T52D, and T52E) 

uaed by th~L..---------------....... 1 A total of 6 wae 

built by- NSA-22, .the first in December 1949. Three still have the 

old wheel patterns of 

patterns. All handle types O, D and E and their various wheel 

_patterns. 

The analog contains 10 pattern wheels (73, 71, 69, 67, 65, 63, 

61, 59, 53 and 47 in length) and the stepping controls as in the 

original cipher device. As now used, plain or cipher ie read on a 

double-headed teletype reader and output is to a OXOO regeneration 

t7,Pewriter and/or tape punch. A tiny plugboard on the front controls the stecker, deter~ining which 5 wheels are concerned with 

substitution and which with transposition. A switch permita writing out either t~-pe key for study or other use. 

Sise is l'H x 2'L x 2'D plus double-headed reader, 0.XCO 

regeneration typewriter and tape punch. Rate is 6 to 8 charaotera per second. All 6 are now in use at Arlingto·n Hall 

Station, 5 in room 2048-A and the other in room 041.)-~ for use 

with IDA. 

Ref: Miss V. Collins 

Mr. G. Stahly 
. . ·······9 .. ... ......... ........ . . . .. .. . . ....... . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . 11 II II I I 0 I II I I I If I I 

I I I I I I I Ill II I I I 0 II 11 I 

11 I I I I I Ill 11 I I I I 11 II I 

I I I I I I I Ill II I I I I fl 11 I 

I I •t I I I II I 11 II 1111 ti I 

It It It I I I I 11 Io 11titI1 

I I II II I I I I II I I I I II I I I 

I I II I It I I I II I I 11 f 

I I II lltl I I II I I It II I I I 

•I II I I llte II II I I II I I I 

I I II I I tit• II I I I I I I I I I 

I I II II le ti II I II I ti It I 

I I II II I I II II IO O 11 I 11 I 

I I It••• I I I II I 11 I fl Ill 

I I 11II1111 11 I I It It II I 

I I I I II 1111IIIIII11 111 

I I II I I 1111 II I I I I 11 I It 

I• I I II II II II II I I II I I I 

I I I I II I I I I II I I I I II I II 

I I I I It II II II 111 I 11 I II 

I I I I II I I I I II II I I II I II 

I: ~l:i,''1:1" 'II 0111) ·' 't·\\f{.' 1'.()) fo)o·~)(• ·~ ;'-; • I • / •I !f.11 "1~' j ~ 1 /),.:' 1 ~()) 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

I I I I I II I II I 11 I I 0 I II I I 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ................ . I 0 I If I I I I I I 11 I I I 0 

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I• 

I I I I I I II I I 

........... I I I I 1 I I• I I I I I I I 11 I I I I 

I 11• I II Io 11 I I I •I I I I I 

I I I I I 11 I I I I II I I I I I I I 

I II I I II I I I I II I I I I I I I I 

I I I 11 I I I II I II I I I I I I I I 

..................... 

I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 

II I I I II I II I lo I I I I I I I 

I I I I I 1 I Io I I I I 11 I II I I I 

I I I I I II I II I I I 11 I I I I I I 

..................... 

..................... 

.................. 

. ................ . .................... I I I I I I I I Ill I II I 

................ 

•1 I I' 111IIII11 • 

..................... 

11oel•11111I11111111 I 

I 11 ••I• I I I •II II II II• 

••••••••• 11 ••••••••• 

..................... 

II Ill Ill II I 111 111111 I 

II Ill I II Ill I II 11111 I I 

II I I II I I 111 I II 11111 I I 

II. II I II II I• II e 1111 I I 

fl I II••• 1• I I 11 11e1 II I 

.. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. ..... •• • •• • II ••••••••••••• 

II I I I I II I I I I II 1111 11 I 

I 11 I I •o I I I I 0 II I I 

. ............... . • ••••••••••••• 1111 •• 

................ I 1111 II loo Io I II •11101 

•II I I I I o I I I II 1111 01 

. .... .. . . . . . . . ··· · ·· I Ill I I I 11 II I I II 111101 

•o I oo II 111 I I II 1111 I 

I 111 111 11 II II II I 111 II 

111111111 II I I II •1• II 

..................... 

I 11 •11 I lo II II 11111111 

..................... 

..................... 

..................... 

I 11111111IIll11111 Ill 

..................... 

II Ill I II II 111111 llfl1l11•• 

. ..... .. .. . ... ... ... ····· ····· ........ ······ ··· ................... ····· I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 - • 1 I 1 I 1 1 I I I I • 

• 111• •• Ill •••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••• 

. ··· ··········· .......................... . 1111 •• •• ••••••• •• •••• ••••••• •••• I 1111II1111 11111 ••I 1 111111• 

I II I I Ill 11111111111 II • 11 flll 11• 

I I 11111I1111111111111 I II II 11 •I •-11 lllf'llll 

o I 1111111111111 II Ill• I 111111111 •1•••111111 

• • 01. •••••• •••••••••••••••• ·-····· •••••••• 

.......................................... 

I 11111111111111 II Ill• I 011•11 ••Ill ••1•1111 

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••1•1 ••••• 

.......................................... 

II Ill Ill I II 1111111111 I 11111I11111111111.fl 

II 1111•1 I If II I I 11111 I I 111111111Ill11111111 

I I Ill Ill 1110111111111 I 11111111111111111111 

.......................................... 

.. ..... ... ...... ... . . ......... ... ....... . I I I I II f I I I II 1 I I I I I I II If I I I II I I I I I• I I If 11 I I II 111III1111 II II I I II• I 1111 II II Ill Ill I lllll 11111 llolllllfllllllf I 1111111•1 lfl llllllfl 

I I II I I I I I I I 1 I I Ill I 111 I I I I I II I I I I I • 

I I I I II I I I I I I 11 I I II I I I Ill I I II II I I 11 111 f I I I I 

I I II II I I 1IIIII1 I I I I I I 11111111111 11111I1 1 11 

I I I I II I I• I II I I I I I I I I I 1II1 I 1111I1 11IIII11 11 

I I II II I I I I II I 11 II I If I I II lo 11 I I II I I 

I I I I I I I I • I I I I I I I I '•' I I 1 I I I I 1 I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 

I I II II I I I I II I 111 II I I I 1I1111I11I11111111 I 1 o 

I I I I II I I I I I I I I II II I I I 111111111I1111I11 Io 1 1 

I I I I II I I I I II II I I 1 1 I 1 I 1111I11111 I 1111111• 11 

11I1 11I•1IIII1 I I I I• I 111111111111111111 1 

I I I I• I I I I" I I I•• I I I I I I II I I 111 I II I to Ill I II I• 

• • • • •• • • • • • • • • •••••••••••••••• 11 •• 

I" I I I• I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II 1111 II lo 1111 I II I 

I I• II• I• I 11 I I I 1111 I 1111III11I11 II 11 

•• ••I •••••••••••••••• 1• I I II II II I I II II II 11 I 

............ , ....... . ..................... 

II 1111 lo 111111111111 1 

It I I 11II1•01II1111 II I 

1•111IIII110 II 1111 I• I 

•• II ••••••••••••••••• 

I• I II• 11111III11111 I• 

..................... 

.. .... .. .... .. . ... .. . I •11Ill1111 II ••11 o• I 

..................... 

. ... ... ... . . .... .. . .. .. ... .... .. .... .. ... . ···················· ............................................................... 

• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••••• •• ••• 1111 ······II ••••• •••••••••••••••••••• 

I 1111II111111 11111111 II 1111111111111Ill11 I I 11111111111111111111 

I 111 I II II II 111111 Ill II 11111II11111111 Ill I o 11111111111111111111 

....... ······ ........ ·· · ··· ...................... ·············· •••••••••••••• II 11• ••••••••••••••••• •••••• ••••••••••• •••••••••• 

................................................................ 

I II 111 lo I Ill I II II I 10 II I 1111II111111111 II I I Ill 1 1111 1 11111111111 

•••••••••••• ••• •••• •••••••••••••••••• II ...................... . 

. ... .. . ... .. .. .. ... .. ......... ....... .. .. . . .... ... ... . ......... . . ......... ···· ·· ····· .......................................... . 11•11111111111II11111 11111111111111Io11 II I 11'1• 11111111111•11111 

I 111111Ill1111II1111 I 111111I11111111111 Ill 11111111111 llllllllfl 

••••• •Ill •••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

I• I I 11IIo•11 I I'"" II 1 1 I 11•IIlo11IIIII111II11 II II I• II 1111 II 1111 II I I 111111111II11111111 I 11 I Ill II 1•11 Ill 1111• 111111111111111111111 

I I I I•• I I I I I I II I I I I I Io I I I I• I I II II II 111oI111 1111111111111• 111111 I • 1111111111111111111 I 101111111111 Ill 1001 I II 1111111•11111111111 

I I• I••• I• 1••IIIII11 I 1 I 111 11111111111111 11 •1 1111I1111111•• •111111 o II 111 1 111111111 , 11 1 01111 , 11111 ., 11 Ito• 1 111 ,. 111111111111 

,,.. . ..... ~-------------r. ...... ,.;' 

i;;;jr-=-...---

__ _, 

.... 1 
"' 82'URGir>N A&41.o.~ AF&p .l.06 

tor the S1K f52C, D ,, I 
REF ID:A60928 

MARCH 19.54 

SUllSTITUTION DEVIOE 

The SU:SSTITUTION DEVICE (AFSAF-113) ia a rel8'V' gate uaed with 

an N0-5 PATTERN PUNCH to perform simple substitution on up to five 

columns in a card. It was built by Nav7 in March 1949. 

The device will recognize )8 characters, 0 through 12 , 

and A through Z • Substitution for all five positions is controlled b;r a plugboard but is not unique and independent of other 

columns. Results are punched into the same card. 

The SUBSTITUTION DEVICE is built into the same gate with GLID 

and the COLUMN AlUUNG.ER.. Size is 4 1H x 3'L x 2 1D and rate ia BO 

to 90 carde per minute. It is at ~lington Hall Station in room 

1700-A and available for use onl1 after some rewiring, since no 

NC-5 now exists. 

Ref 1 Mr. s. Thorne 
[:03,3(h)(2) 

PL 86~36150 USC 3605 

TAN ANALOG 

TAN ANALOG (.AFSA,F-481 TAN MACHINE, LONGFELLOW ANALOG) designates 

a set or relay analogs designed to 

usage iriLQNGFELLO"irl traffic, 

Used mainly to generate ke$'1"they could also set L-~~~~~~~~ 

pattern wheels, decipher and encipher. Traffic inclllde~ lbut no~ IIN POGODA system which was a double-tape on-line usage. 

At Army, sections WDGAS-74, 76 and 92 built a total of 7 such 

machines. Navy's two similar analogs, MARTINI AND INITRAM, are 

described under those headings. 

A major component of' HIAWATHA (CXNO, a projected wheer setter) 

was to be an electronic analog of TAN pattern wheels. Work under 

task 20 at Engineering Research Associates was suspended when the 

system disappeared and continued under Lc.:o, task 11, as a generalized 

study of a wheel analog. 

In all models it is necessary toJ 

The first model in April 1947 by \'IDGAS-92, consisted of two units. 

The TA'l'f. SETTING GENERATOR (AXIB/l, TAM MOTION GENERATOR) was a small 

plugboard attachment operating with a 513 REPRODUCER to develop m?tion 

patterns only. The first such unit was mounted on a board and a latel' 

model in a 20 x 34 plugboard cover. 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 'FOP SECREl1 FRO'fll 
'F8P 

TAN ANALOG {Cont'd.) 

Its working mate, the TAN KEY RECORDER, AXKB/l, TAN KEY REPRODUCER.) 

wa.s a. small plugboard attachment to a.n MC-h SEI.ECTIVE PUNCH (AFSAF-42) 

to combine motion and wheel pattern to produce key. Size was 1 1H x 1 1L 

x l 1D and rate was 50 keys per minute. 

The second model also operated with a 513 REPnODUCER, incorporating 

', ·- motion and key production in one unit. It also was built in April 1947 

. and added a comparison circuit for checking results. Size was 

J 1H x 2 1L x 2 1D and rate was still 50 keys per minute. 

In· October 1947, three of a third model were finished and all 

these earlier ones dismantled. Plans for three more were cancelled. 

Size was 2'H x 3 11 x 2 1D and rate rose to 100 keys per minute. A 

circuit was added in 1948 for producine key parity. One of these 3 

was made into the MODEL TAN GE~'ERATOR,·a reduced version for cycle 

study to include finding branch points. It contained three wheels of 

variable size. Later in 1948 this same gate was re-wired and became. 

the BINA..ttY MOTION SETTING GENERATOR, a generalized pattern wheel 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

analog, also for cycle studies. It was dismantled. PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

These five machines alone ::;encrated about four million digits of 

key, for use in the operational sections. Experience with these led 

to development or the AFSAF-12 CbMPJ\.11.ATORS and the associated AFSAF-1.3 

KEY GENERATOR. 

Iri .. July WDGAS-7lvbuilt a.relay TAN ANALOG (LONGFELLOW, LONGFELLOW 

ANALOG FORI lwhich used6 loop-~apes read on solenoid-operated 

reader heads to simulate.notched wheels. Cipher te.x.t could be read in .. by a TDX reader, with results being punched on a GXCO tape punch • . 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

TAN A.l'llALOG (cont 1d.) PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

In December 1947 1 WDGAS-76/tompleted a Tan Analog (AFSAF-48) 

tor key generation and deciphering. The wheels were represented by 

,__ ___________ ___,fhaving electrical contacts set around 

the rim and read by wiper arms. Notch patterns were set on plug-

. boards, and output was a key tape .from a CXCO punch. Size was 

S'H x 3'Lx 3 1D and speed was 5 characters per second. It was later 

modified to do key generation only and used as an aid to cycle studies. 

The· usual procedure with all these machines was to produce key in tape 

tor use on other equipments. Two of the third model built by WDGAS-92 

are now at Arlington Hall Station in room 1600-A, and the model by ~lDGAS-76 

is in the museum. The rest are dismantled. 

Ref: E. R. A. Final Report, Task 20 

M. A. C. Outline #53 

Machine Branch Annual Reports, 1947, 1948, 1949 

Mr. F. Mayol 

Mr. J. Powers 

Mr. J. Russell 

Mr. R. Sykes Mr. s. Thorne 

-3-

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 TOP SECRET FROTII 
.1 

I: 

~. 

11 

I 

1~ ' 

I 

1. 

~ I· I 

. ' 

, 

....... ' 

I 

• 

•I 

.. ~· 

M •• 

' "" '1 o 

..J- " .. ""' 

·, ,, .. ., 

HI I I • I 

. '

o I 'I • I 

.. . . ... ' . 

E • 

.. 

... 

.. I 

... 

... 

. .. 

I 

,j • 

o I 

,-If' 

,, 

.. 

I. 

.. 

., 

" 
REF ID:A60928 

One model ot 

TAN ANALoG 

AFB.AF 48 --· LONGFELLOW AN. T d ... 
ceNFl1Fh1WI--1AL 

3.3(h)(2) 

86-36/50 USC 3605 March 1954 

TERTIARY MOTION SETTING GENERATOll 

The TERTIARY MOTION SETTING GENERA.TOll was a relay device uaed 

with a 513 REPRODUCER for simulating 

It was built by NSA-22 in February 1950. 

The device operated as 

Wheel settings were recorded continuously on a 51J REP.RODUOEB. in 6 levels of a card. Wheel set-up was controlled at the 

time of punching the f.irst card. Motion was a1mu.J.ated by- 070110 

offset within the card. 

Size was 2 1H x J'L x 21D and rate was 100 cards per 

minute. It was dismantled after the key stud.7 was finished. 

Ref 1 Mr. s. Thorne 

CONFIDENTIAL . 
.) w 

March 1954 

TESSIE I 

TESSIE I (TESSIE SS, Sl'V.ME'rRY SEQUENCE l·~AC!IINE) is the 

posthumous designation of a photoelectric film comparator and 

tetragraph tester built £or Navy by Eastman Kodak Company in 

1942, and cal.led simply TESSIE with no numeral designation. Wht=!n 

ICKY I, a second model tetragraph tester, arrived in 1943, Navy called 

it ;J:CKY while Arn\Y, unaware of TESSIE I, called it TEssm (AXOE). 

At that time the original tetragraph tester was modified to do symmetry 

search only and was then called TESSIE SS or SYMMETRY SEQUENCE MACHINE. 

The nomenclature problem was further befogged by (I) a third model 

tetragraph tester (called TE3SIE II, AFSAF-11), built by Arrrrs" in 1945 

and by (2) unfruitful plans at Navy for a fourth tetragraph tester 

to be called ICKY II {CXNR). Film for TESSIE I was made by a· 35mm 

cameras which also supplied ICKY I. 

As used for symmetry search, the device consisted essentially 

of a film advance mechanism and an electronic scanning system. The 

first character of text on the message film loop actuated a master 

photoelectric cell which scanned the neJd; 20 letters of text while 

a mask representing A to Z passed across each position of text. A 

repeat of the initial character caused a punch in two 70mm tapes, 

one white and the other black-an~-red. These tapes, superimposed in 

a viewer {a particular device but no nomenclature to identify it) and 

scanned visually position by position through a triangular guage, 

al.lowed the orerator to detect blackouts, or a diaeonal of red spots 

indicating the presence of symmetry in the cipher. 

COl'JFIDENTIAL 
TESSUE I (cont'd.) 

Size was 6 •H x 7 'L x 2 'D and rate was about 5 minutes to search 

a pair. The camera was less than a cubic foot in volume. It was tape 

controlled and ran at 6 characters per second. TESSIE I has been 

dismantled. 

References: 

Brief Descriptions of RAM 

CIT paper 9 

Mr. H. Lofink 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

-2-

CONFIDENTIAL 
1:~~1: i.':1:1" : 11 :wil:: :t:~\rf.:WJ '.'})~·~'.~r;j ----

PLATE I - TESSIE SS (Front View) 
l':· .• :L'Ili,; I 

'IESJ r .;, T&:>Jl c; SS 

SYM:fETRY ~J.Qum1c.: MACHillE 
March 1954 

TESSIE II 

TESSIE II (AFSAF-11) is a general purpose photoelectric 

35mm film comparator and tetragraph tester. ArntY" personnel 

added the II after delivery of a pair by Eastman Kodak Company 

in 1945 to distinguish it from (a) ICKY I which had erroneously 

called TESSIE and from (b) Navy's TESSIE I (TESSIE SS) of whose 

prior existence Army' seemed unaware. At firs\ a tiny camera 

supplirl the 35mm. film. It was replaced by ERU'l'E camera and currently 

by a pair of BRUTE II camera and storage units (AFSAF-5) which 

concentrate more information and identification data on the film. 

The device offers nothing new in principle or function over 

ICKY I, all modification being merely for operational convenience. 

Its function is to search for tetragraphic or larger repeats or 

patterns up to the limit of the 35 column wide gate. 

Size is 4 1H x 2 1L x 4 1D. Rate of the motor-driven film is still 

3500 frames per second as in ICKY I. Both are located at Naval 

Security Station in room 20210. 

References: 

Kr, G. Kier 

Mr. H. Lofink 

CONFIDENTIAL 
EO 3.3(h)(2) March 1954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

THRESHOLD DISCRIMINATOR 

The THRESHOLD DISCRIMINATOR was a rel&.1' gate which operated 

with a. 405 TABUL.li!rOR to count digits, in effect, and to locate an4 

1dent1f7an7 digit occurring more than a predetermined. number of 

times. It\.was built by Army, section WDGAS-92, in 1948 specifically for the I I This operation ie now done b7 the 101 

ELECTRONIC SORTER and HORACE (AFSAF-116). 

The T.AJ3ULATOR, over a span of 50 columns in a card, aequentiaJ.ly read all punches on the 9 1s level, 8 1s level, etc. 

Occurrence of a given digit was made to increase the voltage of a 

. tube by passing a pulse through a ·set of f'rom 2 to 15 matched 

resistors. When a preset voltage value was reached, the tube 

energized a relay to produce a listing on the TJ:BULATOR of the 

digit which caused the listing. 

Size was about J'S x 21L x 21D end rate was 150 cards 

per minute. It has been dismantled. 

Ref: 

NSA Form 781-ClOS I Jul 52 

Machine Branch Annual Report, 1948 

Mr. s. Thorne 

TSP SECRET FR6TII 
:r"' 'f'lll¥!1*'f 'r9r . ''"""'l~f'"·· r • "r"T c ..,,.,"'Tf'""''F"M"'r'I""'. ••"'~'T"" .. ..,.... . .. '·-.... " ~e.ri··111 

, . 

I 

I' 

' I 

Ii 11 

t 

'ir i; 

·' 

... 

!

:: 

·: 

I 

I~ · Ir 

It I

' I 

! .. 

' . THRESHOLD D.ISCRIMINATOR 

... ... 
REF ID:A60928 

.. 

'l'HRISHOLD DISCRIMINA'.OOR 
March 1954 

• 

TOPAZ 

TOPAZ (CXEK) was the relay analog of a Jap strip cipher system, 

intended to mechanize decryption of large volumes of JN-11 and JN-25 

traffic uhich never materialized. Two such equipments were built 

for Navy in March 1945 at US Naval Computing :Machine Laboratory. 

Up to 50 strips, each 20 digits long, were set up on plugboards and selected 20 or less at a time by switches. Cipher text. 

was supplied by keyboard or tape reader, with the analog automatically applying the key elements, non-carrying. Resulting decoded 

valuos were typed in 4- or 5-digit groups as desired on a CXCO 

regeneration typewriter. Code values for these groups were then 

looked up by hand. The provisions for 5-digit code were never used. 

Key could be used either as additive for deciphering or subtractor 

for enciphering. Internal setup was indicated at all times by a 

panel of liehts. The strip-selection feature and ability to read 

across the resulting rows ma.de columnar transposition possible on 

the machine. 

The machine measured 61H x 4'L x 31D with a metal shelf in 

front for tape reader, digital keyboard and regeneration typewriter. 

Rate was 6 to 8 characters per second. Both machines are now 

dismantled. 

Ref: 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 

CIT paper 31 

CI'l' paper L~3 

l10P SEERET FROTII 
March 1954 

TRACK-IN TEST DEVICE 

The TBACIC-IN TEST DEVICE was a relay gate used vi th a 61.3 

BEP.B.ODUCER to find branch points for cycle studies. It waa built 

by Arm::1, aection WIXMS-92, in September 1949. PLUTO (AJSAF-JO) 

now automatically does this tne testing tor branch point.. 

Four wheel-patterna were atored in cards, although onlJ two, 

the 25 and 23 , were wheels in the uaual sense. The two 12 

wheels were simulated b7 fixed plugs. Rules of motion were inTolved 

and were, in part: 1) The sign on the 2J wheel two c7clea previous determined dilation (standing) of the 25 wheel; 2) The sign 

on the 25 wheel three cycles previ~us determined dilation of 23 

wheel. The llEPBODUOER continuously recorded 23 and 25 wheel 

aettings. The card held 25 positions of key which, by sorting, 

permitted deternination of exact point at which cycles began repeating (i.e., - branch points). 

Size was 21B x J'L x 2 1D plus 51) llEP.RODUOEB., and rate was 

IOO characters per minute. It was diamantled. 

Ref: Mr. s. Thorne 

CONFIDENTIAL 
coWFlmWl1

IAL 

March 1954 

TRAllS:FOSITION RECOGNITION DEVICES 

TRANSPOSITION B.EOOGNITION DEVICES {JJJfJl/l) ref' era to a set of 

fivo rela7 units developed for use with IBM equipment for anagramming keyed columnar transposition s7stems. The7 were built by Army, 

section WDGAS-92, in the spring of 1946 to replace hand methods. 

Only one of each was built and all are now dismantled. 

The nECOGNITI~N .ANAGRAMMING DEVICE was used with a 51J .REPRODUCER PU.NOH to search a 4-column field for an7 of fifty 4-digit 

recognition groups which were wired on a 20 JC J4 plugboard, and to 

punch a log weight into a card for each group recognized. B7 en 

earlier sorting, 5-digit material coUld be handled. The device consisted of 153 wire-contact relays, measured 21H JC 1 1L JC 2 1D and 

operated at 100 cards·per minute. 

The COLUMN SELECTION DEVICE operated with a 51J BEPRODUCEB. to 

select for reproduction one of ten columns in four fields ~1multaneousl7. Selection was controlled. by a punch in a master card. 

The device consisted of 45 wire-contact relays mounted in a 20 x J4 

plugboard cover and rate was 100 cards per minute. 

The BINARY AIUUNGING DEVICE operated with an N0-4 OOORDINATlllG 

REPRODUCER to inter-compare 5 binar7 numbers and. arrange them in 

order of magnitude. This rearranged set of 5 was pwiched.ba.ck into 

the card it ce.me from. In 194~, an automatio checking unit was ~nstalled. The device consisted of 35 rela7e mounted in a 20 x 34 

COl\TFIDENTIAL 
TRANSPOSITION RECOGNITION DEVICES (Cont'd.) 

plugboard cover and operated at 100 cards per minute. 

The BINARY DIFFERENCING and CHECKING DlllVICE waa usuall7uaed in 

conJunction with the BINARY .Allll.ANGilTG DEVICE juat described and an 

NC-4 COORDINATING BEPRODUCIR to calculate and check d1fferencea among 

the 5 b1nar7 numbers being arranged b7 the preceding device. It 

consisted of J8 rel1qs in a 20 x J4 plugboard cover. Jl'or cbeald.ng, 

the circuit was duplicated and. the entire computation done twice. In 

1948 these last two were rebuilt, housed in the aame a•B x 2'L z 2'D 

frame end called BIN.ARY ARRANGING and DIFFERENCING DEVICE. Bate waa 

100 cards per minute,. , 

The COMMON SHORT-COLUMN IDENTIFICATION DEVICE was attached to a 

405 T.A:BUL.A!l!OR and a 51) llPRODUCER which could do summary punching. 

-- It operated on the differences obtained b7 the preceding device to 

determine possible short column lengths common to the four b1naril7 

expressed differences. Lengths from 11 to 40 were reco1,21ized 

automatical.17 and cases with no common length were passed over while 

favorable cases were listed on the TABULATOR. Differences over 255 

; 

were arbitrarily considered to have all lengths possible. The device 

consisted of 201 wire-contact rela79 and operated at 150 cards 

per minute. Size was J'B x ) 1L x 1 1D. All these equipments have 

been dismantled. 

B.et: Interim Report, JP.AG N'o. 12,36, Miac. 050 

Machine :Branch Annual Report, 1947 

Mr. J. Powers 

Mr. s. Thorne 

-2-

CONFIDENTIAL 
-·----"'-

-__ ._ .... .:'..:. .. }a,,. - .·~ -'1>~··- -------- ' - ·- -.....__ .. 
REF ID:A60928 

T!U~'SPCSir~ON P~:::Jrii'J'ITICN ~E"lIC:d.:3 

A.T!ID/l RJ~OGNITION ANAGr:.;oo.rrNG D..:."l!O..!; (P .!~TANAGR.\lmrn:R) 

COLtn.nJ SE:.~TION m .. vrc:;:: 

BIN',\RY ARll..'IJJGlllG a.11d D!fo'Io':.m::N1~llJG DEVICE 

nHOltT co:v:HN rn=-::1 1.rIFIC.\'.J.'IO?l DEVIC6 

sECRETi 

lower right 

upper right 

lower left 

upper lef"t 
EO 3.3(h)(2) March 1954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

VIVI.'.N I-II 

VIVIAN (i~FSAF-12, Dl2B) covers a family of general. purpose 

electronic comparators designed to\ 

/ A study contract L-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

with Transducer Corporation, indicated that delay line circuits 

.would be superior to magnetic binary circuits in a comparator 

and this led to VIVIAN I, lmown orgi.nal.J.JT only as MDL COMPARATOR., 

MlmCURY DELAYLINE COMPARATOR, ASAF-12 (X-1), now AFSAF-12, or 

Fl.YING SAUCER. It was delivered in February 1951 by Technitrol 

tingineering Company. Jl'1JNY {AFSAF-13, PATTERNG£:NERATOR, &r..ECTRONJC 

- PATTERN ~JHE:EL) is the external companion key generato; built 

locally at that time. 

. . A contract with Transducer Corporation in April 1950 produced 

the second member of the family, a MAGNETIC BINARY COMPARATOR 

or ASFA-12 (X-2), now AFSAF-Dl2A, which was only partically 

completed but never acquired the VtVIAi~ name. It tailed its 

test and the contract was closed. VIVIAN II {AFSAF-Dl2B), a 

second delay line comnarator using quartz crystals instead or 

mercury, is due for delivery ~ Denver Research Institute in 

April 1954. Plans were cancelled for a S'I'ORAG~ TU8E C•JMPAR.ATOR 

(AFSAF-49), a logical member of the family of electronic 

com1•arators which aJ.so never acquired the VIVIAN name. 

CONFIDENTIAL 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

VIVIAN I-II (Cont'd) 

VIVIAN I is finding application to the HAG..i!LIN.problem, 

This sequence is cycled ~onstantly at 2\kiloc7cles 

per second pulse rate. The pattern or as Dl8ll7 as 

Totals 

are matched against a preset threshoiq~ a hit occurs, the machine 

comp1etes that comparison cycle and stops to indicate on lights 

for inanual recording the intenn.l setting toge ther with the amount 

or excess over the' threshold. The experimental AFJAF-Dl2A used a 

locally built pattern.generator for input and an AFSAF-44 DIGITAL 

RECORDER for output. 

VMAN II has a quartz delay line memory, used JENNY 

. for input and offers several improv~ments. The most novel 

is a built-in osciloscooe which at a hit displays the memory 

contents as a 20:x:25 &Jl"s.;r or bits on the scope f'ace. New memory 

• 

circuitry permits m.~king use or short messages for faster cycling, 

the pulse rate ranging from 2 KC'.per. se cond for messages 500 long 

up to 6.8 KC for messages 100 long. 

-2-

CONFIDENTIAL 
CONFIDENTIAL 

VIVJ;AN I-II (Gont 'd) 

VIVIA!~ I measures 71H x 41L x 2 1Dand VIVIAN II slightly more. 

The PATTF..RN GENERl\.TOR, measures 71H x .3'L x 2'D• At 2KO P,U].se 

rate, a 5-whesl CYCfe requires from .30 to 45 minutes. Model I 

is in use at Arlington Hall Station in room lS.30-A and model II 

will operate nearby. 

Ref: T/CA 16/r;l 

Mr. w. I:'avidson 

Mr. J. Russell 

Mr. c. Schierlmann 

·'-3-

1 CONFIDENTIAL 
0 

w , 

.. v .. q 

• 

is .. 00 .. ~~ 

i; 00 

00 g;: 00 .. • .... 11,J ·~fl ".., • r-

•l .. 

_, 

-~ ~ 

... 

L 

,, ~ 

.,, ' ' 1 , I 

• .. ·~ ~ .. ' ·~ . . . ·' . ., 

?,)'<f" '§I 11 ,, ., I II II 

.1 .. • 

., 

... 

•. . lo' 

I ' - ... ,, .. ~ 

I I I I 

• • •• .. 

'!> 

" • • • 

c 

"' 

• .... ~_ .... -'!: 

1' 1 i 

• , • .. --·~-

,, '! ! .. II 

~ • • 

• • 'f, • 15 s 

ll 

s 

~: .» 

~ 
REF ID:A60928 

VIVIAN I 

AP'S.\Fl.2 FL?ING S.\UCER 

DRCURI DELAY LINE COHP.i\RATOR 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL86-36/50 USC 3605 

WA..1LOCK I AND II 

Marchl9S4 

WAlU.OCK (AFSAF-079-=CXNK, AFSAF-D80=CXPB) is an electronic 

message setter capable o.r high speed decryption and statistical 

recognition ot plain text roughness. thder task l~ Engineering 

Research Associates of st. Paul, Minnesota, comrleted Model I in 

February- 1951; Model I.I is due for completion in November 195.3. 

Model I has a 4-bit weighting matrix or weight shifter developed 

by Engineering Research Associates under task 24~ URSA, and Model II 

has a similar one for 3-bit weights. The statistical evaluation 

unit 1 s.n accumulator, is completely. gep.eral and could be built int.o 

other equipments. 

Model I is speci~ically tor Ha.gelin. J 

I Out put is to a CXCO .._~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~----

l 

reg en er at ion typewriter. .At a h,it, the ma.chino prints out window setting and excess over ~he criterion. An optional decryption print-out 

is available at the rate of 5 letters a second. 

l'i0del II is complete~ general, using five 32 x 32 matrices to 

I 

simulate an,y wired rotor devices whose wiring and stepping patter 

are lmown. Its span is 80 characters, with provisions to use this 

as two sets of 40 characters. Size of Model I is a pair of cabinets 

totaU,ng 7 'H x z.o 11 x 4 1D plus typeN"riter and power units occuping 

1800 £qu1re feet of floor space. 

NSA Form 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 'FeP SE€RE'F FR:e'FII 

I 
WA..1?!.0CK I Al\'D II (cont 1d.) 

Model II is U-.shaped 40'L on an arm and about 6•H x J'D, occupying 

2400 square feet ot space. Rate is 100 KC per second tor both. The 

pair are .. being kept in St. Paul, available for operational use. 

Re.t:' Miss M. Hobbs 

Mi-. D. Hogan 

Mt-. J. Mq 

-2-
TSP 

EO 3.3(h)(2) Harch 1954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

WORK-BACK MACHIB:m 

The WORK-BACK Yi.ACHINE was a hand.tester for 

on the T52C STURGEON, used to find the initial setting when 

break-in occurred in the middle of a message tape. It was built b7 

BSA-82 1n earl7 1950. 

!he device mounted 10 notched wheels (7J, 71, 69, 67, 65, 63, 

61, 59, 53 and 47 long) in a frame, permitting the operator to interplug them so as to control substitution or transportation, and to 

atep them as desired bf hand. Lights on the front panel indicated 

wheel notch activit7 to assist choice of settings at each branch 

point. 

Size was 1 1H x 2 1L x l 1D and operation was at hand speeda. 

It was used at .Arlington Rall Station and is now dismantled, its 

work being done b7 other devices. 

Ref': 

NSA Farm 781-ClOS 1 Jul 52 

Jl.1ss v. Collins 

Mr. G. Stahly 

TSP SE€RET FR:STII 

WORK-B~CK MACHINE 
March 1954 

5202 COMPARATOR, ~!ARK I 

The 5202 COMPARATOR, MARK I (AFSAF-4, AXGQ/1) is a highspeed 

general purpose I. c. comparator to match photoelectrically a large 

volume of text on 3 5mm .film. It was built for Army by Eastman Kodak 

Company in March 1945 and after satisfactory tests, was transshipped 

to ~ and CS for use on the TUNNY problem for about a year. The 

associated cam.era, synchronized with a built-in key generator; is 

called ft:FSAF-4/1. 

A pair of 35:mm films containing literal or digital text is 

matched in a gate 80 deep by 500 wide. This field is usually 

considered as two fields of 40 x '00 and matched for high I.e. 

expressed as a ratio between the two fields. Weighting of scores 

is possible. Threshold is preset by a dial and at a hit the machine 

stops, permitting visual study and hand recording of approximate 

location. The camara was originall.y tape operated, but l.ater modified to accept cards. Operation with a HAGELIN key generator unit 

has also been tried successfully. 

\ 

The comparator measures 51H x 211 x 4'D plus a small counter 

unit and operates at 3000 frames per second. The camera with its 

built-in generator measures 4 1H x 61L x 3 1D and exposes film at 

up to 635 frames per second. Since its recent overhaul and modification it is now available at Naval Security Station in room 20210. 

Ref: MAC Outl:hne #10 

The 5202, ANCRAD Technical Paper 

Mr. J. Deutsch ' 

CONFIDENTIAL 
• i 

'I 

t 

-( \ 

" 

: ·l 

I 

. I 

' I 1r >: 

• 1,. 

....... 

I 

I 

' ' 

'I 

I 

'I 

~ 

! 

'I 

I 

I 

c ' . ' . 

- I -

--- .. -- ~---~----

1 

I J 

I I • 

. '• I I 

ii I I' 

11i I j !I' I j 

1 

! ~I I I I I 

I I 'lo ~ I 

I' I I !I • I I .. , I 

I 
CONFIDENT IAbs 
March l.954 

70mm COMPARATOR 

The 70mm COMPARATOR (AFSAF-2, CXCN, RAM-4) is a general purpose 

photoelectric comparator to count coincidence and pattern repeats 

between two texts ounched into 70nun paper tapes. Probably the 

ol.dest of the cryptanalytic devices, its conception dates back ~t 

. ' 

least to 1937 when M.I.T. built the BUSH MACHINE (named after 

Dr. Vannevar Bush), prototype to the 70nun COMPARATOR, and delivered 

it to Navy upon completion. It was used briefly and stored until: 

1942, then was used again until the first of the four COMPARATORS 

(CXCN), built by National Cash Register and Gray Manufacturing 

Companies, was delivered that year. 

The second (AFSAF-2, RAM-4) was delivered to Army in August 1944, 

along with AFSAF-3,. the as_~ociated punch. Including the BUSH 

MACHINE, five comparators and .six uunches were built. Reed Research, 

Incoroorated, of Georgetown, D.C. de~ivered SIGMA.GE {AFSAF-28~ 

SIGMA.GE CONTROL, PRINT SUPPRESSION D~"'VICE) to Army in September 1949 

.. and a second to Navy in April 1950 for use with GOLDBERG which 

supercedes the 70nnn COMPARATOa. 

The machine matches two loops of tape, each holding as many as 

2000 characters in the form of perforations in any of 32 levels. 

Required patterns or conditions of coincidence are preset on a 

plugboard. Twelve photoelectric cells scan the tapes at all 

offsets through a 10 column wide gate. Originally a record was 

printed after each cycle, but SIGMAGE permitted setting a threshold 

I 

CONFIDENTIAL 
......... . 

~mm COMPARATOR (Cont'd) 

and reducing recording to as few print-outs as desired. An optional 

circuit provides a means of stopping the machine when a particular 

event such as a pentagraphic repeat occurs. 

Together, the three units which make up the COMPARATOR mea~ure 

.about 7'H'x 91L x 21D. Comparisons are :niade at the rate of one 

offset tested in .4 seconds. All but· one are dismant1ed, and that 

one is In the museum. 

Ref: Brie£ Descriptions of R.A.M. 

C.I.T. paper H 82 

Lt. F. Sperberg 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

- 2 .... 

CONFIDENTIAL 
I :ul ·I' I. d 1 a u: , , • , "I l\1 / ~u·· ro'.'!1"•">) l i1 .. .. 

! t I 

••• ~!:'. 

- ~ I ,, 

I 

I 

I 

lrm 

I 

1 I 

' ' ~ 

I-~ -----. -

1 .• : - .~' ! ,<• I - • . ~ I • 
70Dm COMPARATOR 

.U'SAP 2 

nm COMPARATOR, H CXCN# JWW,. 

used with 

SIGMAGE {FRINT SlJPRESsION DEVICI) 

Afi'SAF 28 (center rear) 

........... __________ _ 
.-

--

REF ID:A60928 

March 1954 

701 EDPM 

The 701 EDPM (ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING MACHINE, DEFENSE 

CJLCULMOR) is an electronic parallel computer capable of mathematioal and statistical functions. Serial 1, rented from International Business Machine Corporation, arrived in May l95J. There 

are plans for a Serial 2 in the coming 79ar. 

The computer operates in parallel on all bits of a word (digits 

of a binary number) simultaneously and can d1stillgll1ah between two 

numbers by sign or size. Input is from cards b7 a printer tT,Pe 711 

CARD READER or from one of 4 magnetic tapes, all under program 

control. Output is to a 716 ALPHABETIC PRI~ER and a 721 PUNOHl!lD 

CARD RE.ADlilR. '.!!here. are three tY,Pes of memor7 storage. Cathode ray 

tubes provide the primary electrostatic storage holding 211 • 2,048 

words of 36 bits each, with access time of 12 microseconds. 

' 

Ea.ch of four magnetic drums holds ,all = 2,048 words with access 

t:f.me of 40 milliseconds. Each of four magnetic tapes holds p.~ to 

approximately l million words ~1th recall rate of 800 microseconds. 

Additional a:i=um and tape uni ts may be added. Vqious standard IBM 

equipments provide for interchange of me~ia. 

Control' i8 much the same as in ATLAS, with addresses advancing 

one ea.ch time unless speoificall7 altered. ~he arithmetic unit contains a 38-bit acCUlllUlator, a 36-bit M-~ register (for Mult1plyQμ.otient) and a JS-bit memor7 register serving the same function as 

.. 
• 

REF ID:A60928 

701 EDPM (Cont'd.) 

the X-register in ATLAS I. The )6-bit words may be 0handled effectivel7 

as two 18-bit words if desired. There are no special analytic orders. 

Programming is based on a single address system. 

Pb¥sicall:r, the machine consists of 12 units ranging from a 

J'H x J'L x 2 1D card read.er to a 6 1H x 7 1L x J'D calculator unit, 

in total requiring about 1500 square feet of floor space. Pulse 

rate is 100 XO, affording 16,666 additions or 2,192 multiplications per •econd. It is in operation at Arlington Hall Station in 

room 1730-A. 

Ref: :&S.A.-82 tiles 

Mr. J. 117duke 

Mr. P. Johnaon 

Mr. J. Young 

' 

-2-· 

• 
REF _____ ID:A60928 _. 

:;u.;Kt;-1 

Brief Descriptions of .Analytic Machines 

Third Installment 

NSA-34 

NSA-.35 

2 August 1954 

Wheatley, LeRoy H. 

This third installment consists wholly of photographs. Further 

Briefs, completed since issuance of the Second Installment, will 

presently be distributed as Fourth Installmento These 8 x 10 prints 

total. 88 and are to be interleaved with your copy of BDAMo Briefs 

on the remaining equipments are still. to be published, a1ong with 

some republications and a list of corrections. 

The correspondence between prints and Briefs is, in most cases, 

obvious ( a print of ABEL ·~o be filed back of the AB!i.L write-up) a 

Aside from these there are two categories must be listecc 

(1) Prints for which the related Brief is yet to be published, 

and which therefore are to be held and .filed later; 

Print 

v' DEMON 

./'DELTA-DOT-CROSS COUNTER 

v;HORACE 

'I/ GYP 

./ HAGELIN C-38 ANALOG 

(original) 

v HAGET~IN C-38 ANALOG 

(serial 5) 

.~HAGELIN WINDOW SETTING 

GENERATOR 

if M-9 HANDTESTER 

..I JOHN 

./MADAME X 

v'Navy BOMB:H; 

/PEELER 

J PLAINTEXT RELAY ANAT~OG 

./PYTHON 

j TAN KEY GENERATOR 

.!HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCER 

vVIPER 

Brief to I:te published 

DEMON 

FREQUENCY COUNTERS FRE~UENCY COUNTERS 

GYP 

HAGELJ.N C-38 ANALOG 

HAGELIN C-38 ANALOG 

HAGELIN WINDOW SETTING 

GENERATOR 

HANDTF.STER 

JOHN 

MADAME X \ 

Navy BOMBE 

PEELER 

PALLY 

PYTHON 

TAN KEY GEI'JERATOR 

TAPE COMPARATORS 

VIPER 

SECRET 

(_ 

/ 
• REF ID:A60928 

SECRET 

(2) Prints whose title does not correspond exactly to the 

title o! the related Brief: 

Print 

-.V JUNIOR BRUTE FORCE 

v'/HAGELIN SETTING LOCATION 

I... DEVICE 

tfi(SINGtE WHEEL CHAINING 

DEVICE 

Brief' .. BRUTE FORCE DEVICES 

(GENERAL PURPOSE 100 WIRE 

CONTACT R.E3:.AY GATE 

,,GENERAL PURPOSE 100 WIRE 

'-CONTACT RELAY GATE 

-2-

SEeRET 
REF ID:A60928 

I I 
REF ID:A60928 

DEMON II 

AFSAF 77 

C1:NS 

St)ri.al 2 

F~0NFIDENTIAL. 

I 
REF ID.: A60~.§Sw.:::..~;;~;:. . · • " •• 

0 

.:: •• ;,_:•nn•Yi~...::• • liiil ii~~~---=.._:.__: .... ,.................. ~- 'iliiiR'EPiz ~ .. ~~ 

~: r= U_?.L!liWWW 

::~~~.*~~00~~ ....... 

----- -- - ... _.---
REF ID:A60928 

DELTA-DOT-CROSS COUNTER 

AFSAF D.56 

one of the mny FREQUl!NCY COUtlTERS 
,i,, 

' lj .. I· j • ii ~ 
REF ID:A60928 

HORA\JE 

AFSAF ll6 

(left;) with 407 TABULATOR 
I 

k ~I 

_ _J ""' I. - - ... r tf 

"i 

I I 

1i l j. I 

'• ii ' :' I 

' I\ .... I,,_ ~ l 

.. 

. I 

I 
REF ID:A60928 

GYP 

(originally 

KEY COMBINEn) STURG.OON model 

CONFIDENTIAL 

REF ID:A60928 

-
--=-.....---

:__..;,_.,:_ __ 

---- -

--
~~·~-~=----------........... ~---------------... --......... 

k 

l_l±Og.3 ID:A60928 

ft) 

EA.G.l!LIN UINOOW S.6:T"i'Iti.iJ G~JER.tll'OR 

-
-1 ' ... '~ ..... ' ~­ ' . 

I~ 1 

. I 

' -- ~, 
M-9 P.A.NJ)7~1'.ER N-5!>0~ N ·l.SOo" N-2400 

With ll>A. WlfEiI. (N-2300) 

in thh-<! P<>Sit.t; rnirn, ltit-n''r---"--\~rilf.f.--+l+t~L..ll-
'' ''' ;''l'i'' 'II 011') ·' 't.\• (/ 'i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I_, ~•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

~~~~~~~~~~~~-
'' ''' ;''l'i'' 'II 011') ·' 't.\• (/ 'i\l"J") lo)••>)(•;~ ll;>;;"'.li •• r I_, ~•Jftll\~~.j~ ,/),.:' ... ~()) 

' 

·1 
~~1B~ ~E~~H FFCJT•I 

REF ID:A60928 

MADAME X 

AFSAF 1.4 

ARMY BOMBE, 003 RELAY BOMBE1 AXC9/J. 

turret controls & printers {left) and 

a bay of OOivIBE rac s:; i" t). ""'j _JUW· P~\ M~n-

~z.=ii ....... 

f=-F"OTI I 
•' 

f1 

I 

IJ 

,. 

I 

~I 

0 

--- - - -----~_ .... ______ ~ 

·'· ¥°1- , 
REF ID:A60928 

NAVY BOMBE 

AFSAF 23, CXNQ, N-1530 

~!....Fltll......,_,.,,...__. ......... ..._ '~ ; 
i-. 

.. 

~-

L-

,, _ - _; 

REF ID:A60928 

__..,___..~--=-- ------
REF ID:A60928 

FEELER 

,A.'lf'SAF D 109 

( crromiously cal.led HATCHET} 
·~ .... t e 

~ 

• i 

~ 

·I .i 

I 

~ ~ 

.. -~ -

.,.--.~ ..... -

. I 

f' 

- .. 1.~r.c:lt..-

. 

........... 

.w 

· ~ \It. b • .: .. " , ...... 

&..! .... 

• • •• ••••• 

• •• •• • 
REF ID:A60928 

. . ' .... ' 

. 'PLAIN TElT RELAY Ai"iALOG 

prototype to CHUNMY (AFSAF D97A) 

related to: PALLY equipnent 

-
,, ,,, ;''1•t1 '11 ·111) ·' '1A.r<;(()) ''J:)~·~'.~t;j r1;-.> Ii '• r , ., / . 1 ,.r.., ,~' ' 

~~~~-

I 

,. 

' 

I, 

I: 

I ~ 

I 
REF ID:A60928 
. ' 1: 

:· 

TAN KEY GENERATOR 

'"7'U II' I~ 

COMPARE' 

PATCHING 

C01MPARE 

CABLE 
\ I) .!;;;) ~\L~~~ 

t Fh{ __ • t I I --------
i 

.I '' ,,, f

.11 

I

I if I i 

I 1 
REF ID:A60928 

HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCER 

REF ID:A60928 

\'IP.ER 

CXMT, N-900 

• .J' 

l '• l!J LbJ.JJ ~ FhO fl I ·