r REF ID:A66729 

itbP SECRErf 8~DE 

25 Ju:q 1951 

AFSA·a2.'I!/ can 

SUBJECT: 1'arw&l'd1Dg or Freach CrJ'ptologic stu4 

TO: .AJ'S'-OOT 

'Jtor -.rd.ed h•rev1th :tor ;your 1Df'cmnat1cn aid retentic:ii 

are Co.pies ll'umber 8 end 9 or AFSA.-232 etu.clJ' enti tl.ed ''JI1st01"7 

or QoJ.l.o.bol.'l>tim - :rr.nch Crn>tologl.c ~ie• ~-

FBAD: B. ROOETT 

Tec.bnical Director 

Ottice ot 0,peratiODB 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 07-21-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 
/ 

Iliator~ of Collaboration among Fl'fm.Cb. 

Ccygto1ogtc Agenoiee 

1909 ... 19,Sl 

as revealed in a. file of 

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BD3TORY O'Jf COLIABOBATIOB .AV.Dln :B'BElOOII CBY.P'J:)UlQ.lC AGDJDS 1909-1939 

AS m:vEAim> Ill A FIIE OF MIB~TRI 0-, W.AB C~E 

'l'.b.1s pa.per 1a baaed an a co1lectian of documents, de.ted 1909·19'91 frcm 

tho f'Uea of the Secticm. du Ch1ttre, DeuXiime :Bureau, A:r9q General. St.t'.tt, 

H1m.atey of' Wm-. It 1s cliv1de4 in.to two :ma.1or seoticms giving (l) tho 

obJectives of the Fr&Doh Ol7Ptana~1c aenioes and t.be proposed mathoew 

f'Ol' acJ:d.evins those ob.1ect1vea, am (2) a h1otar1oa1 account o~ ettorts 

:for cloaer ~o coll.nborat1cm. aama the TeZ'iOWJ ~ Min1ot.riee, 

with tho results atta1n.sd. A brief' third aectJ.cm cante.ina corte.1n piooe11 

~ nidtmce 'flbich aem to have a beariDg m the present arpmzaticm. of 

the Cl7Ptolo81c serncea in the Fnrlch Co9erD1dlt. 

1 

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I. O'b~~·~tl .2t: ll!! £m~.J..C? ~!«?!!! .!!\! Propcmed !'riam tor 

Their AchiEJVement --WC& _,. M'C --

Aa. Ob,i«l.2.U!.P.! 

1 •. Y.ax:Jnum O~ results vith greatest ap0ed1 etticifJIJ.c71 secrcc7 

and t!tCClla'iJl' • 

a. Cent.'t'l'.l1za.t1cn of r.uce11t and cllstributicn of intercepts 

b.. fA.e.isan on technica.i. c:eyptana~ic queetiona 

c. Tran151'.liseiOD of CCM·l!"T to .aJ.l 1nt&reatod pBrtiea 

d. Prese1"V8.ticn of eoc::•ecy of crn>tr..nal.Jtic e.cllievoo.ento 

e. Centre.l archives mul colJ.atoral. in:t'oiT.ation SGl"V1Co 

2. Proparatim ror vm'tim."> ttm.ctiord.DS of aorrice 

Persa:m.ol tra1D1ng 

'· Safe~ ot crnto-seC'llr1ty 

a" Adoption ot secure crT,Ptoe;rapbic ayateas (1Dclu41ng :rosearch 

cm. nw 1nvent1.ons, mchiL.ee, etc.) 

b ,. Trein1.118 am. aupem.sia:i of persormo1 1n proper use of ay-st1 -i:i.e 

13 0 lTP.:eP.'lal.ia 

l. ReSl'-1.ar liaisllll amons c:-'j'ptologie serv.tce heads 

2. 

3. Contra.l 1ntor.m1n1steria.1. CI7P"tene.],yt1o aorvic& 

2 

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A. :r.re ... worJ.d War I Efforts 

--=· -

:a. Extent Of WaJ;tbla Colla.R~!!,cm...(l;2l.4 ,:, __ ~) 

1. 'lbo first acntba o~ the vtn• 

2. 'Die a1tue.t1an 1n 1916 

'. The colla.borat1cn pr()posal. and :fa:tl-are 1916-l.7 

4. !l5lc cantral1za.t1ca. ;pl'O,pOBaJ. end tbrt seouri~ cr1a1a .. 1917 

,5. The triumph of central1zatian .. l9li'3 

D. Collaborat1cm Ach1.ne,St_.(J,93§ .. 1939) 

m. Clues Si! iS S1tuat1cp J.inc! ~ 

A. Cmtoephic Co~~~ 

:a. Cmtagibtic Coordimticm 

.l. The SipfW? J3ureau - :t.raa ''llote cm. tllD C17,P't.1111121t1c S:trvice" - 26 JuJ.;r 1916. 

2. "Rote cm. a Plan to Reo.rsaziize tho C~~ic Servicosn - October 1!117. 

3. :Resoluticm. ar tlP Intem1niaterial Cra;ptc>sraph:!.c Ccmo1es1an. m the Bui>.1eot 

ar Cr;,ptooSeour1v - 20 Air11 l5'22t. 

If.. "Plml 1'o.r B&Sf'OUPiDs tb Crnta&JJt;:S.c Serv1ces 0 • l9 J'obrum7 1938. 

!). "llote en the Sub,1eot or Itlte:rmin1ater1al. CoJJ.e.bo:rat1cm. .in the Matter (~ 

Cr,n>tana.13B1s" (Amtr proposal) • ~ ( t) 19'8. 

6. "Central. ID.te:m1D1atar1al CrntamJ'11-.1c llurtJBU n (:Nav.y propossl.) 9 MaJ" J.939 o 

7. "Central C~c Benico" (Air Force proposal) - 24 June 1939. 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TOii SEeR.E~6.~ P.ABT I 

Ob.1fctJ,1p.f at th.J!. C~J;~ornc?a aud P.ropoeec1 l~e~ 

~~:\Qe;Tl59 

Die prmc1:pal. ob.'.)ectivea cf tbo J'rcmoh 017,PtBIJal.ytio aguno1Gs, 1n t.m 

view ~ Jf&t1Cl!WJ. Detaaae speciflliata, an: 

(1) aoh1ev1ftS tlE .. '1Zimmr.1'1eld of C'Ul'rUlt ccmmlUications 

mtelliemce vith 'bho geatoat speed, ett101enc;,, aeorec,y, ana. econav, 

(2) pre;plU"blg tor wa.rt111ie ~tio:d.Dg ot the amv1ce, 111.lld 

(,;) (lflEe Often 11treaoed) vatch1Ds over t:b.9 orni•o•secarit-7 

ot the natioml. 1119tara. 

To achieve thoao ob~ct1T11a acne tn>e of coordim.t1cm. of 1;he 'Vl\1'1011 s 

cr.r~c sel"V'icea waa found to be esaant1al. ~ tJP>S werct p.l'OJ:e>aed: 

(1) Br!tgular lia1ES!! acns the beads ot tha crntolostc eol'Yices,. 

l.ea.v1Dg complete autclm11J' to the ~ta.l actrr1ceia, 

(2) A ljRfl\! lmrsi!1!:- npple.n.t1n6 the ~:J.o aorTicea ot 

tl2D various Dopirlzlonts ~ centrB11z1Dg tho1r act1v1t1e>a Ul'ltl.cr an 1D.term1n1atar1al. as=cy Clll" th9 Ottice ot the P.rmnier, and 

. (') A ,s_~ mt-psp1ateri!!:J: C!'Dt!!:!IJ.;r~is. •en:!S.t. &loo 

poaaibl.1' Ullder the Of"f1ce of this Prmier, devc-t1Dg 1taol.1' to ooord:imticn ~ 

~10 a.ct1v1tiea am to •a;pe.'l'l.lktin resea.rcb. 11, J.ea.viJlg a ccma1derabJ.e degree of 1Ddepmdmce or aotim to the m1D1ster1&\ servicea • 

.. Ae w1U be seen later tbe t1nt pro.poaai vr:us too looae to be ont1rel7 

•'t1af'actGr.V', &Dd. the eecaad vas CCDJ1clve4 too dn.atio en encraaclmm1t an 

eat:reaolaed poa1t1caa. !15» tbil'd ptJll81b111t,y, COllbmins a atroq ccmti~a1 

41not1DB "6f6ll'7 With 111Dietar1al &U'tmt:aV, •eaJS to havo ~ the aoat 

favor. 

4 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
AD Ob.3eo·t1vos or the cm~m~ 

l.D .Achievins m'mp ~ ~..!?:1~.! ~ SF•ffJ!.,"t spceq, !m&~, 

seorew, g ecopqnr. 

Tl1e attE.\immD.t of t.b1a o'b:ect1T9'.1nvo1vea: 

(a) a central.1zat1on ~ the receipt ar all ano17ptod docum9nts, 

vbether :f':rca ra41o, postal., or wl.egM:p111o 1nte::rcopt., or traa N1Y' ot.har 

aoarceJ and 41str1but1cm. to the :prop:>l• ~10 aaot1c:m..; 

(b) tho eatabliahi!lg o'E 11&1acm. ca. taclln1ce.J. quaatiaaa 1 to 

pmrd.t t.be abar1ns of ~c 11'1f'am&t1aa. an4 DBthods; 

(c) tho reQD.Jar tNIUlllt\.u1cn of ocmmrmdcat1cms 111tolJ.1smc9 1x> 

all intm'eated part1ea; 

(cl) the zreccao111ng ot (b) and (o) with tbo DOe4 to preserve 

tho aecreey or crntrmaJ.yt1c aehi~•J 

(e) tbs •ettirls up ot B oma.tral collateraJ. 1Df'on:at1CG service, 

1m"ol"f'1DS d1Nct cc:atacta with amoral :lzd'onaticm. aourcea,, press iD:tO!"l!Sm 

t1cn, 11124 J.ntell.1smoe •tJZ"9'1cea, a. tm eate.bl1ab1ng o-r a cen.tml. library 

am U'ChiTeSJ 

- (:f') tllo u:pn41ng ot ncenrch to the mre cam;pl1cate4 c;r.yptographio B"tbOda (eepeciaJ.17 mob1nea)J 

Cs> ~~of :reHll:l'Ch to a larger ranso or lADSP88es. 

Steps (a), (b), (c), and (4.) vc:o ccm14el'o4 ••n.tial. fraa tbo t1rat 

'b,y aclvooa~ ~ 80l'e ettic1mt ~10 ll8tboc1a. !he 1Jlq1ortam:e ot 

step (e) Re _:trequatl1' Dll!Dlt1med, bllt it vaa not al.va7s CGDB1d..ered 11.eoes• 

11&17 to h&Te a cllAtzaJ. 1Dfanat1cm. •o.I'Vioe v1 th a l1brar7 llZK1. archives.; 

advocates or J.1a1acm. 414 D.0t 11U11at U;pa:l 1to Step (t) 11118 first adToe&tecl 

1D 19'8 whm. tlJe oam.plicaticms or or.r.i>to8l'&ph1o •thoc18 became a serious 

:problm, NV'Ol.ut1m1z1DS tbe a:pproaoh w ~10 at~. Btep (s) was 

mmt1aa.ecl aaJ.1' ~ -- 1D tm J'ebru&.'\7' 19'8 plan :tor a a1Dgle bureau. 

!'he 'battle of the mtezooopte was a barcl•towtit cae, aoiDS baek 

• 

to :pre-Worl4 War I 4lQ11. Iii. :peacetme ob~ecticaa vve a-&1eo4. becauee .of tba 

lack of documnta f'ar 8~ (azv Gr 1d:d.ch Vel'e mraopol1ze4 1>7 tho Paroip 

Aft'a1n Mmistr.r); :ln vart1111e 1t was ob.:1ected "that t.heN vu too JlllC!! 

ace.tter1Dg or captured m.- 1ntercepted maaasee~ and tbat the' !D.tercept s·trvices 

were useleBB~ absorbing -n.v ca,,p.y aiv1 traDsmission ·clerks. Besides the ~ 

' 

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DE 

1ncreaoad danpr to opemtiODl\.1. eecur1 ty engeniifnted b7 such a. :practice :t 

there :reBUl.te:l :much waate of ·~:iD& both :1n :1D:teraept centers and 1n ory-.ut• · emJ.yt1c aeot1ma, vb.ere a du"~lication oZ ettort Of'tcm. rosuli"..ed.1 o:eypt-• 

anaJJata of two 1Un1atr1Gs 11-0:..~king 1nd1v1.dua.1.l1' en texts ot various orig.1.na 

but encrypted with the 8lJllO ~JDtemJ. Ji1 19'81 fal" em.u;ple, CJ.7Pta'aal.1'Bt8 

m three M:ln:tatriea -· War, Jll.vy, 11114. J'oreip. M:ra.1.-m •• vero vorklns cm. 

the ame Ita.1.1m clipl.cllat1c code without excbl!m81Dg :resu1ts. 

A. aiDgl.o roce1v1Dg and rJbseq1u:m.t diat.r1but1an. ceter fOl' all cmCi-:sn>ted 

••••• vas cc:matan.~ a4vcot1:bed to gain. :mu1•n up1o1tat1an. of all. .i:-,,,rat:f'ic 

availabln and to avoid mviDg :nos&f\68B ea.t to be buried 1n oectim.• in.cap.. 

ab~ Of oxplo1t1zls theEl vhilB on.other aecticn veen~ meded thaa to o.14 

1n. code l.99COV"er.y. Aa ~te as 19'8 the cmpl.11.int waa m.d& thnt this ftBteful 

:practice ne cmt1tm'ns• 

'Bia tv1n wila or du,pl:lcnticn. at ~c effort m. samtJ mooaaps 

BIJd. 1'ailure to u;plo1t others at al1 YeriJ atw1butea. to the unfortun&t19 

practice or the intercept B6N1CeS · (bot.h r&d1o intercept an1l F0 '1'a'ro) 

ot 41atribu.t1ng tmff,'1c :pare~ir au the 'bas1B ot ""9£!¥. ~a vere 

stven to ahatr the 1mclequacy or w.a :procedure: Durizis the War (1914 ·• 18) 

the Genrlma a4area.11e4 to the Spm1oh Mini•tl7 or J'a.re1SD Atta.1ra tt9l.es:as 

1D.ten4ed r~ their Anbaaaador 8114. oncoded with tba Military Attac.b.tf•a 1:o4.e. 

!he aer.ms ccmtm~ Jd.DsJ61.. d1pl.onat1o, J11l1t1.17, mm. samat111sa pri:rate 

&4dnsneo to Hild a a1rlgl.e aeries o'L tel.egrmm enorntecl. with tb8 811!19 

proceaa. Such trick& vere qu1.ckl3 d1ac01'6i'ed dm'1Dg the war, 1t was 

repartod,, "becaue, 1J7 rOl:'Co or Cireullstancea1 the Sl!'a&ter pa,ri; Of tilcJ 

11Lterce:vted ater1&l wna ccm.o'31D.trate4 1D a s.1nsJ,e otftcen a (at tu Wa:~ 

Dep.l.r1nm1t) 0 li1 peacet;1me, bmrevc•,, -ror lack ~ the DG09BBll.l7 bcoar41Dl~t1on, 

then no cco1'ua1an caoe more. Fen- 8'1J'D!;Pl.e1 the 19'8 p1:'0poe:ll. reports •t 'D-311sagea enco4ed. with 1ib.e Gean i&i..,.J.W-t1Ji co4e a.re picked up b;r tho 

Jfaval 111.tercept aervicoa W1th0t.it bo:!ns t:nmu1tted to the Qu.u d'°"81Q'J 

GJ.e :part or a c01TGapm4enoe m.oo&ld With the &14 ot the Spmieh code as 

amt to the •v,, tb8 other to the Qua1 4'0r881',. Without 1ta bo113g poa111ble 

~. i6Dlitea ~ 20 AJ.11'11 1922 msat1DS of l'Jitm.1niiter1a.1. Crn>tosm:ph1c 

Ccna1sa1m, P. ' 

b. A.ppm41% p. !it\. 

6 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 

•• 
TO 

to compnoe these two texts .. " a 

b. I.i.a19cm. ap teohp1cnJ. CJ~'Ptaml.vt1c 9,U9..,!tiClllS 

~ eatabl1ehizls o~ l.1a1am en techn1ca...1. quest1oils1 mabl.1ng 

crJl)'tan&.'bata or the various M1niatl'1eo t.o J.)CKll. t.be1r kn.Olrled(Je and. aharo 

their discover1e'81 was recosnizod to bo ~ pr:&a111 ~ ft.>r aoh1e'f1.i"JB 

w.r1•mt C%7Pta'DBl.Jt1c ~11a llD4. m""01cUJ18 ll'J.Ch vaat.ocl. ettor'.:; .. 

Aa ·cme n;port ~ 1922 pit 1t, •we ha.ve DEZ t• gooc1 c~te~tB:t iml 

t!Bt 1a true :ten- !:Ys the crntem.111~.c •R'riceao •Olri> m •e&n ~t.s 

time vaa apa.ut dur1DS the var amt., be£ON in 4111oover1Dg D7B ODl codebooks 

vJJich fti.-e heM 'b7 tho Min1stl7 next 4.ocr, &JJ4 4\1Z"1DcJ tbat tJn.3 uact1'a1 ·c.*8 

were not dcmeo 1rb .Anothei .J.eolm'ea " .. eotba oapac1t1ee or previou atu4ietJ 

~me ~t cm bG uaefal to h1a colleaSD'110 VG%7 l"llOmt1-Y', :ln a. 

Ccm.vera&t1cm.. a Senice Chief apob or 'NCOi'erJ' wo.rk1 an a code wsod by 

BGllO d1p1aaata, whereas 1n the ne&Z'b7 DopBrtm.ent, vhare the7 a,re accWJtaa~ 

to codes aold ·c~1al.J3, tJlo 1~!...V __ ~:r the code ~tian: ~ ...... ~~ 

4eterm1ned 1D. :fi'Ye llinuteo. :&7 ilid.ting ·maaeil'to"c - i'Orfis or 

c1oc'lilDts-; cm.O""b"icc .. 1faspeciPJ.1at 1n a :tor.m. ~ 027l>t0S£'&11!G "tbat t1De aol.vea 

to perf'eot1cn, but it 1a useful to get :ln cmtaot with 11pgo:la..\.1.ata Of the 

ne1sb'boring "branch. • c . 

a. :Before 1911.vms the aubJect of in.tercept, it mp-G be 1ntol."Oat1ng to note 

tbat. 111 i922 the Wu- ~t vaa protest1Dg aga.1nut tbe rentrictiona,, 

preacnbal b7 the law o:t 18521 relat1DS to Ula cOHlUDicaticm. or :toro1p 

d1plaatic teJ,esrem b7 P'.r! to Sh-et' Gfnl!mle (in the Xin1at17 o:r tho Intt9r1or). 

It ••ma tb&'t theao rcstr1ct1Cl!8 had allowed tm ccnt1Duad otarH1m1cat.1.cn aZ 

I+.aUan 4ipl.mat1.: 'telegiw to eDret& ror the prpoae or trn1D1n8 perecmm1. 

she~ vu llUBiDS ~•• en to the War De;paz-t&tJ1t "1'or neceaRry collAtc:·ra.l 

atucJ;r" m.t11 the source wu stopped b7 o.rdar" ot the 1Taa1er to P.l!'l'. ".Be-cause 

o:t a cam-ea.t1on vhoae legel1t7 doea not &MDL cle:tena1ble1 " dlaclnroe Givlc•rae, 

"those c1oclamta cazm.ot be acquired grat!.s 1n a ~~te aer1eo and at. tho 

tme the7 voul4 be useful, u tho7 oould. often be 1:r th1a cmnmticm Md not 

eJd.at. k Die :reatr1ot1ans, he points out,, are not cml1' hanatuJ. to C17.PtFM13't1o 

atu41ea but melesa llD4 ooetlJ' a1Dde, aa a :reault of tbe uae or tbe :raclloa1 · a:1m1.lar :maaaasea to thoae 4ern.1e4 s6Nt4 &l'e picked up (aa thq can. be b7 .. private 1D4inclual.) eithltr b7 a apeo1&1 11.lte:rcept at&ticn which could be 1-'IOre 

use~ mpl.oyed or b7 at1ll other procedures. Be eamnmta, llm'eOYer, that 

oryptostaph1c works cla1m tibat "narlVhere telegrapbic ada1D1etra"t1ms 

ccmmm1 ca te to their Sof'l9%'Wta t.be ~114 texts wh1.ch tlle7 have 'tftnmnitted. n 

b. "Sote aur lAt Ch11'1'.ro • l2 A:prU 1922 P. 9 

c. "Beto tcur lo Service 4u Chittre• 1' April. 1922 Po :> 

1 

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blhaugea cm crn>1iaDaJ3t1c probl.cns mm:ms epeo1e.J.1ota 1n the various 

Deparbutmts had had other uaef\tl. naults, acco.r-ding to a l9'1: BUllB'llm'7: a. 

(1) :Seton 1914 d1scovel"1es JE4e in the War ~t on. a:!lita17 radio· 

SNiDJ 1Gd to the ~tblg 0£ an entir& police 4Dsa1er regarding e. a01r~ore1g11 •a trip• (2) DJ.plcmatic doo'umenta tr&mlated at the S!irete ga.Te 

a cocle the prineiple ~ vh1ch, appl.1.od to more :rec81lt document&, lo4 to 

the cca;pl.ote reccmt1tut1an of ve-q :~t m:tlita.17 docnumta. (') It 

vas the 4Rod1Da ot :laq>e:ror Charlea' l.etter cm a pee.ce proposal, 4me 1n 

the Wu- ~t with a code recovm:'84 with the aid~ m111'tu7 doOum.o~ta, 

that emblnd the J'ore1sn Attai:ro IUm.lltr7 to nm the f1nt val'4a of the 

Auatr1aD. d1plcl!!at1c code 1n hmah Ji:DgUBSe. 

Ment1cn haa ~ boa m"'Mle of the wutGtul. practice ot duplicatiQl'l 

ot ettort 1fben two or mo.re •ect.1eaa 1ml'k an the 8llZll8 codG v1thQat uah~us 

reaulta. J10Z' these reaaGDB, 1t uas urged that tmre llhoul4 be trequmt 

cca.taota, o.t least ot the hea4s ~too ~1c acot10lnrl1 and perhalJ& 

~ 

~ tlm Cl'J'l.~ta tlummelvea. CAO prGl)08&l. vu 9"4111 made (in 1922) tor fll~S ot ~tau The 1ntarCCPDm.te&t!GD Of 4ou1en 

and •tudiea was l1kaw1ae advocated. 

c. :Rep.Jar ~·•1m or cmprmn:fcat1me 1ntelJJ.19P .. e to rsll 

:1ntareate4 I>!Z't1ea 

The Jce7VQl'Cl heN is "all n 1 tor thare were DIV' oCll,Pla111tB during 

the pe:r1o4D or DCD-COOptZ'&tiCID that,. :for Jaak of mtego..De~t.a:L OCl!!:'mmiaaticm. or certain decrn>ticaa,, mob 'l'&l».abl.e belp was clan1ec1. ~ts .. Ma.oh mtl1tar.Y attlicM aub.1act mitter waa tft.MD1tte4 iii tl1plamt1c coclea11 fb:r 

e:rm;ple, lmd. it WU vel1 Jmom that _Dasaeea :fraa 'both mil1'1im7 and 41plo-

•t1c author1t1es 111sJ11; d1aaaa• the 808 ~3ect, the tut ot oacll throif1r.ta 

mefUl. l1sht en ta at.bar. 

4. Preaenat1an. of 'tJ2e a~qrnts&l.$~ e.c1!1:..~t@ 

Cmcem. t~ tbie po1nt waa p:resumablJ' me ot the oh1e:t l!G&sans 

tOI! the ccm.t1Dued 1Jrtrmul1gaao7 o:r the :rore1sn Attai:ro IUmat.ry 111 the mtter 

of ~ic coo.perat1cn. The War ~t pointed out the :f'oJJ3, 1n 

Tiev or the post-var NTelat1cma ot Cl'yptologic var)Vot tl71DS to cmoeal 

the ezilltm.ce ot orntanal3tic agencies. ~ :blport&ut th1Ds 'tJll8 to keep 

aitczoet the 4esreo ot eucceaa aoh1eved. As ror 1Abat, a Var ~t apoke•-

.a pointed mt 1a April 19221 

"Ccma14er1Dg tbat the peracmml. Gllll.Plo7ed 1D. tb.eact ae:rv1ces 

mut be CCl281dered aa eqmJ.1¥ secure, t.bat marearer llOBt o:t the 

-- cc-nm1 cat1cma (1.e. mte:r-4e;partw.ta1 cmmmcaticm. ot 1Dtorm.t1an) c~ft'fl eqec~ the aerv1oe ch1e:f'a1 who 1mow' hair to 

tab precaut1CIDll often neSL.ectecl b7 thi:t persmma1 ot all lclnd!J -~ ccnnm1oat1cma 1ntell1pnce, 1t 1a illpoea1bl.e to see what 

a. "iOte au auJot do la Col.labo.rat1on-1it'rn.ater1elle11 --l>Citober 19,i;-P:"=; 

8 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
T09 SE~·U9DE the l:dm.st..er!eJ. Da::,'E.rtaumtt'.:J 'W'O".:li haw ·t.o lorm in. l·?eaktt.g dCW:.l th 

barI"iara raise~- be'b ~e:n 1A'n -,11" o-ey ~.>ta.'i»lytJ c eO"n1ce. c., " c. 

ID l9l.7 CCII.ID Becur,.ty hskr! <U•l OC·~ui· P..a a :reruult ot a ntber :•.c.'lClao ~~. 

UDCmtrol.lod 1;n>G of d1str1'Dut1aa. .,~ bat.h tt.e :1:a.te1eay·.G-1. t.rattie m.Kl tlle 

evant'IJ&l dec:cyptima. When cloac• cOQl"dinat.ion WE o&ta.bli&b~ 1t.Ti tJ1 cS\t.mJ .... 

1zed contra). :S.n t.he War Depl.l'·tw.~t, the :Probl.a l".!>len.l'n to J1.avl!ll b"en eolvfJCl. 

eo Cen1;ra.J. &'l"oh1vea m4. ~ol.1.ater&::~ infm-1.'at:taa. neff109 ..-== wwwwwwm "*' •-=--~-=::c"..~mwwws. ==-

As ea.?"1¥ as l912 at t.110 tma of th9 tirmt &'!IQ~.n~ 01• 'AlW ':Utm:··· 

m.111.at.srial Cryptograp!aic Camieai11., the Talue Of' lm:!.14.1~ up a clUl!.O!\ 

l1brm7 of cznt.ograpb1c clcxn;-!llmltD of LJ..l ld:Di.18 ~c: t'C!l<'lo.gnlt&tl.. 1.t na 

ccmsicle:rad the moat GOancaioal mt.bDd of M'lt1n3 r.w:l:!.Dl>le to all tJMJ c~'»to-­

srapliic 8erY1ces r~ wcrka an ~togrn.p217, U&in.~.u.g !!1!.tt'1!1il!J., f.ll!ml.'!)l.eB 

of codes, otc. With fm:tda :t.ra1l. tlu JA-tis.riar &.1iK'. Wa.r Mln1r:i,t.I.•!• t\ mwlens 

ot such doc'Ull&Jlts na ua-.bla& b~r 1914 ant\ 1"9BSn1.Dm i.,,, t.'lle cuatoei1' of {·he 

Interior Dep&rtmrmi (86rete C1'nbmln) dm:rmc th9 fti1". ~re is no ovldanotJ 

as to 1 ts ovmtw"ll. :f'ateo 

After the war there Wm'& ocoo~l'lcoal. pr.c:•tes"1 e.t :lna'b1llty to eoct'!N 

cortain 1 t.o o-r ir.l1'01'!:11&t1cm klWWil iio other Deparf:u;ntt-' and neo:>amm~ far 

code :recover.r (e. e;.. mov411181lte of X-ti:LliM. officem in 0.1cu-l'ia'l ~W) • 

In 1922 it wu.i m·~ that there ai1~4 be a poolJ.nt: ot outs16.o J.nfa,wtim> 

both aeunJ. em specific ( e •f:J• c~rca.tsed codtJbooks)., 1!110 al.t•tiai!y a~ 

being dCl18 ootwmi Sftretd", War, anl Ira.VJ", but 1.11t1..oh 'lfU l~t CG both n1.dou 

b~ the ta.Uui--& to br1Dg the l!'oroi{P ~..1.irs Min1m'b7 into the oolJAbor&~ion. .. 

)

f. . i'8s9,!l_'l'Ch an cgUCt!li!d cpptoe'!pb.ic lbl.Z.,~ JP.me~~ macbinea 

... """ Thie f'1rat vaa :rr.en:" .. 1cu~ u a probl!B ..... ia'lli°d a atro.'il8 1~--~t 

for a cen.tre.Uzecl 41rect1aa ·- 1n 19;,8. Tlw ~.cy ~~O'R-rd !PD?& aoc\lre 

systems nA elaborate mr.chmes llAc1 ~!.·evolutionizcd tJw ~~~;j.J:•t:.l!m"~r c>t a 

~ic sactica.. !'he work a~.114 no longi.tr bc1 da;r.e by Cr.vJ.l'tfmn.."q~·?".a 

world.Dg 1Dliv1~ but :requiroo ~,,rk, with. ot•tta of: cleri~ lK.rsai.m.ol 

attached to the llZJILb'ats tor tha nMhAzrlceJ. t&.v@. Lang.-·~om 1'8.aee.::."oll. )..tr0-

3octa had to 'be set. up, and' thiD i~Jqu1r~4. racn extco.Jt1ve ;pemoc&ue1. ~n th:! 

in41v1d.ua1 BN'Vicea 'lould &fforG.. Aa a roeul.t tho tel!l"lRJ!Un.y waa f()r tJ11toe 

services to cc:mmntrate CJD tha e&n.J pro"bl&m, settinG u16n the fi!m"'fl ~ittf.­

cUlt cmas. Yet it was po1nwl aut. ·tbat 1n tiwJ o't ~ .. or iri.tarnmt.iotll'l.l. 

stress it -,.~s sol.ving of tho d1i~1':1.')'l.il.t QDee ·that 1rcuU1. be meet ·-11t~ ... 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TO"ISEQVR~6.~ 

S• Research M!.!- ~E.-.:r!\Jfl!_ol~AI! 

Thia irol•l&u too waa ti.rat Matiomd. 1a l9'8. llero a.sun,, as 

in the case of macbino nse&l'Ch, lac.'t or peracmuel. ~te4 the extane1on 

or research etf'orto mice•~ to keep ahreut or vorl4 J.11'0blmm. ~. 

Worl4. War I the cr3pta.nal.yt1c aerv1oea 4ecrJpted Gemm.t., Aua"trien.,. :Bulgarian,. 

Greek, and Turkish sao.eaeea "to ape&i: CJD.l7 of •em1.ea", it was :repo.'t'ted. 

J'a l9'8 ~10 J'eaoa.rch was :praamab)3 be1DS dam 1D :&Jsl18h, 

Gerllm, Spmiah, Ital.1an, Duas1u.. am Jl.tocmoh, a but auoh :im;portant Jan... 

guases as the other SlATic lm>g1.rsgos and Japmeae. nre be1Dg cmpl.etell' 1snarea.. 

2, P.reJJ!r!t1Cf1 tor W!!j;J!a ~i'L 

!l'h9 value of CCllil'.r 1D VBZ't.lao &tpends CID. ~ C1.ecr3Ptiati.o 

lb;per1mace 1n WarJA lfar J: llhotf'ed the vital. neoe11&1 v ot hav1Ds, at the very 

ou.t'breel.k of 1121.l"1 orn>taml.Jt1o 1!1,P801al1at!i •thodi~ tl'ained 1n pec.cetime 

1n tho encryptinf; p:ocecturea be1Dg UBecl abro&d. "'.rhia pre;parat1cm ia 

P>&•1bl.e," 1t wan deolared.1 "toza a;per1em:e prorea that the anm.'JPt1Ds 

proceaaea uaed dariDs c:r1t1oal per1ods 11NGed11Jg the cleolm.-a.t1cn ot wr and 

tho ~-ot iuwt111t1ea &N 111m1la.1', it D.ot 14at1cal., to thoaa ot peaoetul.. iib 

Daring WorJ.d. War I, a1thougll aw.it thirt7 ott1cers vere reoruitocl tor 

wark 1n tJl.e War De~ •a Cr7ptaMJJt1c Jtareau, 'Bmt ot tb.m. vere never 

able to" do .oro t.hu1 4ecrnt a •ttEaatJ> when g1Te:D. the ke;r.; a ttr1 were nblo 

to recOYer the ke7 whim it cbaDsed ~to reeatabl1ah 1n order the acr~led 

:paaes ot a codobook". 0 '11.oae who 41d the ~ ~1c vark --

41soovery ot kn7a and 11711tema ·- were, vi th 'but cme 8%Ce}l't1cm, tbos'9 vho 

had. received p::re-wa:L" Ol7P~1c tm1D1ng, chief'l.7 tm4er the auap1cee of 

tho liltom1D1a·t.er1al. Cl'JP'liOsrapbic Camasim. The one ccept1cn, br1U1antly 

S1fte4 am. warl::ing UD4er the 'beat CG11fllt1aaa t~ e.&'"''08 :rapid e:r.pariflJJ.Ca, 

required 18 JIQD.tha bGfO.N he uaa able to -1m aip1ftcmt cmtril>utiaas. 

Even the trained ~ta were unable to produce naul.ta until Ootober 

l911'-, thus loams much valuable intel.Ugeuce, beC"J&uae mat 11114 received 

t.lworet1cal tra-1.ntns cm]3', with no o:91>0l"tl.m1Q' to beccaa aoqamtaa. vit.b. the 

:pcat1culazi 87Bt4ln aotua:L:b' 1D uee at' with SU"bl.ed. ten. 

a. AppmO•x P. ,.;;: '" - · == 

b. Letter :r.ra.. 111D1eter ot War to :Direoto.r ot the Sen1cea ot tb Penaumt 

Gemrai Seoretanat ot the B'.1slJar CounoU tor •t1caa1 :lldeame - 16 Dec. 1924. 

c. "Kote aur .le S&rrice du Ch1:t.tre" 1' Apri1 1922 P. 9 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TOil SEOR~6S~°W'E 

One of :the ll'b'cmsest ar~ts p;..-...acm.ted ae&iDSt lAok ot coor-4:1.Dat11,n 

1n the tistr1butms of intercepts aurl :tn cxqptane.JTt1o resoeroh w11 the 

Sftl&t 4mJsar to m:Mcml. def'enao in prevmt1D8 the ;proper 1;ra1.u:1nS of CU"3ptaneJ.7ats for vartm.e. 

J. ~Seauritz 

The problm ru: cr.vpto-aecuritJ', thouah leas often smt1oned 111 ·the 

arsumrmta ~ crntana.'1t1c collabarat1ca, vu cmo ot the p:r1D01pal. remal)D!I 

:tor the Cl"M.tian ~ the lilterm1D1ete111a1 Cl7,Pt0sl:aph1c Caamtaa1an 1n JSo.~. 

At tbat tm. 1t vu pom~aa. Ol1t that f~ lack ot l.1a1aan cme ~ph:tc 

aeot1cn vu 1D\ble to tal!:lt CMl"flmtaSD ot Jlll'06NllB mde 1D. another, and thB.t 

leaa a4TBDOe4 Dectiaaa wera umt'itt1Dsl1' ua1Dg maecure 871Jta.B. 

In l922 whtm the Cmatuicn held 1ta cme anA cnq poet-var •otinS the 

a1tat1m aoemo harcU.J' to _Jave~-· It :ta ~ted 1n the a1nuteo: 

"lie ( tbe aecNtar1') brot."dlt out the :raot ti.t 1D. ta 

:pl"88fl.1.t •91"1'1ce it 1• to be obaervecl tb&t omotaiD. 1Un1.at.r1oa 

have codes a. c1iab£a wb1ch are an.tire~ m'MleQ.uate to 

~ef,al'd their 819CN1'1V aae1ns"t ~ta •••·"=lack 

ot aune:U lM1Ce uarc1~ b7 q-.Utiecl peopl.e ove or.n>tosraphl.\·1"111 certam teJ.esnm a.re 4aftec1 1>7 miDstZ'uoted 

paNQ1De1, ao tb&t the 11eour1t;r or the codebook 1a ~vel:I' 

D;per.\le4. A telosran b'C& a Prefect ac1&1nase4 t.o the 

War l>Gpartatnt.,. ocm.ta1.n1Ds a .utun of plA1n ~ and 

code gL•oupe.. 11&• lllac:ed 'be:tore the 81'•• ot the CCllll1aa1m,. 

witb the X"fJllllLrk ~t the ~t used tcr e:acrnt1DS stves norw 

of tbe rutee to 'b!!t obaenecl tar crntos:rapb1c aecur1tT, and 

t?a1; 1t. aema, :r.rca the f.nlQ.UD01' at au.oh aots "l21"1DB the war, 

t.hat DO o.rsrm1zat.1.Clll 1a J;ll'Ol'1cled to oalJ. the attea.t1cn Gr 

code ol.erlm to m.""....ara capa.'bl.e of iaptriHns not cal7 their 

om 0Z'7Ptosr&ph10 IQ'lltul but alao tho9e of the otbe 

K1Diatr1ea. ~11 W1'"t3 cit.a. ca. 'tb8 lattoi• aub"90t. n 

Dli~ ~ 'be ocn;pare4 1r1tb tbe fol.l.alriDs plNSl'llpha frca a "Sote en 

CZ7PtoSr&w", ~ 1fZ'1ttm 1>1' G1T1ezise, &Lted 12 Apr111922: 

.~ 

"In -v- 1Ua1etnea the ottic:tala :reapaao1ble f'or th1e 

aerdce Jave no 14- or tb8 auccesaea acld.evec1 b7 'tbe orn>teml;rtic a8Z"V1aea, tJ:at 1a, tbose that wark m •olv1DS. ke7B 

8lid. reconr1Ds Co4ebocabo !lie cocJeboob t1Mt7 prepaN a.re . ocuequm:t~ atlur aimpla 1u 'tbe 91es o:t a ~t. 

lforeovei' 1 llDBt of tbaa 4o DOt lmoll' how to WIO the book& amJ. 

no me teaches then nor vatohea out tor ti. pl:'OJ18Z' uae o:t 

the c1ocUll811ta. 

"l'Jms 4ur1Ds tbe var :pNfecta uaecl code to :report bcm'b11Jg 

11 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TOOi SECREnp.~E rc>aul.to, 1nt92'88tiDS for tho fllYliJj' to know, leav.lDS alllaoat 

all tho telegrma m cl.ear, vllich 1e .U-1ctl3 f'arb1ddon, 

11124 encoMng ODl.J' a. f'ew var«s w!dch veN 8U7 to recovex•. 

!fat ~ 414 tbat flD4eDger tm code'book uae«, but it could 

b&ve gi.ven hl41cat1cu aa to the wor4a or tb6 teJasrem ae.nt 

at the aamo t1- b7 the Jd.lJ:ta:L7 pemar, and f'ac111tatsd 

:pl'C)Sl"eaS 1n the l'l.OOl'ery ~ hie co4e U the ~ 'b7 BW1zls Ol." 

other 2!!DIU'..S had bem. able to :procure t'ba caw ~ a f'• 

pages ~ thio clocumD.t. 

"!heee be4 0Z7ptogra:pb.1na prooecturea at111 pa:'81.et toaa.1' •••• n 

Thi• •tter ~ tbe 1nsep.ra'b111~ ~ crntosra;pb1o 1:1oour1'fi7 vu 

:reo0f!D1zed lo" the War l>epi.rtmmit •a ~rptaDAl.Jata, u 1• n!dmloed b;r tho 

~sn1ns atatamte. I't famed the baa1• ~ ezr.atbllr :protea't end. pJ.aa tor 

oolla'bol'&t1cm. 1D a latter c2:mttod m 1Ootober1922 bl' G-1v1ce,e,, aussest1l!lg 

that a can1ea1an be oallecl toaetber to~ wp of' ach1ev1DS mterm1n1aten&l crntam~:tc colla'bcla.-at1cm., eepec1allJ' betveelll tba J'ozroie,n 

.Attaizia am War 1Umat.t-1H. It aMa: 

"7llla OCl!a1•1<n J11sbt at tbe llll1lifl9 t1M epm1no certain ~ea relatift to t.b8 CUl'l'm't mooclizPs 111"0le4ri.rill vh1oh wore - tatmn Vi thollt ._ 8'U'ricc •11 1Jlldm:wtlmtttne the rwm tfll' than,; 

far ~. the N1Ua1 to vm cm.o GD4. the aaa codebook 

1"Gl" the teltJSNDB ot the C<m!liao1cmor Oenna1 1n Jlorocoo 

ac14reuo4 both to tba War DepLrtasnt u4. to J>:EPU:llM!.II, whicJL 

can 1'aroB tba JD.sh Cam.1BlJll.l<1.at•a eenioes tomb tvo 

enc~ or tbe - tel.ears-, & 3ll"oBt 4'1Dproue ~e tor 

cOde aacuri t;r." 

Actual. colli\borat1oa. 1n the use ot oo4ea l&D4 c1pbon ae otbm¥1B• not 

atreaaea., ·however., am :IA aemeni the ript of' -.ch ~t to mvo itfl 

OVD. oearet 11111ten1 ,... ~ ncasa1se4. 

\ 

a. to adopt secura C17Ptogni.ph10 B3"11tems, and 

b • to train. and superv1so paraormeJ. m the P'OJ>6.l' use ot these systems .. .. . 

I'.n l9b9 cancem. ccmtered a'bolrt tho nrat :p0:mt., u4 thG.N toll.on4 a 

:p00l1ng of 1cteaa &114 a.ter1ala (cClllMZ'Oial. oodebooka, varbl en ~plv', 

etc.) -ms a1l the M:ID.:1at.r1ea ccacernod ucept J'areip Atta1ra. In 1922 

both ued.e vere ccaa1del"84., amt a :taiwiJ. reaol.uticn vu J.18.B•ed b7 tbs al!ortlived Ozan>tosraph1o Cmmea1cn1 UD4er tbe mapU&t1cn ot :Lt. coi. Ginerse. 

reocmnen«'lna that the crntogaph1o bureaus 'be place4 UDl1er tbe nparv1•1<n 

of • ez,per1ance4 crntmtaJ.7at.• 

a. see App'WcJ1x P. ;2 '"";r:P ======--

l2 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
!n a. note :prep.red for reading o.t this •et1DB ot tbs Cam-tesion.1 

G.tvierse ursed tlJa.t all m1n1a'OOr:tal. Dlpar'bn&u.ts trannittins and 1nteroo;et1.-og 

m£aagea lJaTe a ~10 ael'Vlco ''Dot ml.J' to read intercepted tre.f:t"ic 

but alao to proy14e surve1llllilce over the cocle11 and t.beir ae ••• ". o. 

Thia waa plZ'ticularl.Y a:.tmad at t.l1e llinilltrJ' or Colcm1ea am. the P'J!'l 1 vh1oh 

had orntosL"&ph1c bureaus CJDl1'. (An '.n.tereatiDg S:P&C1al caee, broagb.t out 

cluriDs the Oam1aa1cm.•a 41BOU11sian ! 'i."88 tm.t ~ tbe sQ-ew, vhiob ~a 

~c ba.t DO Cl'~b1.o at«'V1ce. AU. O'f ita telegrams wwe aant 

to the "lelesrallbic Serrtce" wh1ch0 im.s m.ur.p bl' PP.r fllll:'PlO'"J'OOS undcsr the 

C.A'Bllll!1.r DU MDJJBT.RE. ~s serv.1co orated codoe, oncoded, and decodod for 

the S9rct' w1 thout auperv1a1on fll.ld '.d t.hou.t liaison w1 th the latter's orn•tanal1tio senice. ~e 1Dseour1 t.T of euch • procedure was to be cal.loci tc1 tl1e 

attmt1ca or the H1D1etr.r of t:bo JD.tar1ar, of which the &aretd :ls a pa:rti. 

Gi"fierp h1mael.:r n14.mtl3 :favored the cmb'•'DS o~ 'the or.yptofp.'aphic 

ams. ~ic lJuztm,ua Ull4er cae bead,, fo.r 1D. a ".Sate en 017.Ptoarapb.y" 

Wl'ittern at this same pm:'ioc'l O .• e. 1n 1922) Jae llllP: 

. ~ 1a no ~al.Jtic aerdoe (reaJl<Dlib1e :tor 

dem7PtiZJS_ the ••llllfP8 or~) urJept at J'o.ro1an A:rf41rs., 

the Sfhoetct, and the •v, (vb.r'Jre tb.e7 are 41atmit :t.raa the 

OZ'J'l'te>grapblc aerY1ce J>1"0Pl1") and t.be War lleps.rtaant, wmre 

the tvo aerricee are 30imd., *9J! '"1' ipll'•PRJ~J>l! 'for 

tbe tl'!'P'M ~ th! J!01'8.Q!¥1.e,,,Jl?!fe11dl..!•P4 au:agi~ce of tJ¥! •snce. ID!. :tto_~e the aoaea • ~ . .JpTe1 v11i!l 

~10 msn•ll· 

B7 .1938 the oC1111Rl10&t1c:ms or Ol'.J'ptosl'a»bic prooeaaea, and part1oular:q 

the uae o~ wb1nes, W 1ec1 to "t'reqt'!DD.t u4 catpletel.J' c0l"'41&1 can.tacts"" 

'betveen tho h8e4. of the J'aNip Atta1Z'8 Czn>toppb1o Sen1ce (aoparate 

r.raa its ~1c ae2"9'1oe) ano. tbo hea48 ~ the War, Bo.v, &Di. Air 

017Ptolosto eeot1cma, "•8Jl801&1.l\r fer the .1o1D.t ·~ of 1m'ent10J!8 vh1oh 

aigllt 1ll;prove c:rntoSl'&:pMDg Mth.a4a n • C !'hie EHlllUI to 1iJ.ve bea the 

u:b4mt of the aolla'barat1aa.a aiot.ing ncn-m:ohan1ca.1. .lodes and ci'Dhem 

were app1.Nntll' not eub.1ected to teats f~ aecm1:t;z, nor· 1a thal"e evidence 

or &lQ' 301nt end.ea.Tora to check an. t..be aeCU?1tq at practieeo of cryp-00-. 

graphic p~sODDe] •• 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
B. PropopJ.p 

1. llef59.1a! ~!cm. mi..ons q~Jp~c ~~ice lleA! 

~ a1n»lest •thod. ot achiertng coorcllm'\i1.aa. 1D. orn>tanaJ.Jtic 

m.ttera was through regular l.1a1ean amans the hM4B ot tbe vari1ous Cl.'n't• 

aml.3t1c aarrtces. !l.!d.a hacl the virtue ot achleviDS acne ot tho ob.1act1voa, 

at l.eaat 1D part, without -.lr1ns mv chavet• 1D. orgm1.zat1an, which lrov.14 

bo l.1Jmq to be reaistecl.. 

Under such an ~t certain G:Changea coul.4 be mde of mtercept 

•ter!al. vh1ch had bee 11an.t to a aeo'tic:m. unable to use 1t,, ot wclm.tceJ. 

m:tamat1ari, auoh as coclDboolc recoveries ar ao1phenlS'at MthCb, and ot 

collateral 1Dtar-.t1cm cona14ered ot 1Dtere11t to another aeot1on. '?'t&ie 

coul4 be 4me vh1le ret&1n1Dg th.a 1D4epell4nce of the Deparme.nta and 

l.ocal111Dg reaJICJD81b111 v and eecuri tJ lealm. 

Ita :pr1nc1pe.l d11114vantapa wen that 1D praot1o• it vu zw.rell' poaai'bla 

to achieve Ua1acm ma all. the ~1c chieta, and 8'f'81l vbm aohioved 

auch ~·an part1a1JJ aolvecl ~ a t• ot the :problau to be JUt. !'~· 

rience ahawecl that greater ocapila1c:a tlll'm. an appeal. to good. Will, to natimal 1D.tereat ar nan to 11eU interest vaa requ1red to ;perauacle tbe J'ore!lan 

At:f'a1ra M1n1atr.r to .10111. 1D tbe l.1&1acn pJJm; Jet w1 tbout t.bat Departmont "• 

pi.rtio1pat1cm. almoBt DmB ot tJ:is •Jar evil.a 1n the ~10 a1tmt1cn 

coulA be cOJ.Jfld. with. Whoa., t!JroDsb. t!le pereieteDO• ot the Prtmler, tlmt 

Department wao t1na117 brousht into a liaison pro3ect in 19;8, acne us6ful. · 

ezcl:la.Deea vera :mde,a but it wu recosaizecl tbat au.ch a 1oose rolat10fl8h1p 

R8 at1U too 1nett1c1m.t, 1m0ertam 11114 1Damplete tor the atem requi.re-

.m.ta ot mt1QDIL1aecur1'Q'1D. nrt1JM. TM coordim.t1ca. o:r ceyp~1o 

ettart requii-oc1. the support ot DOM ~ater1al. autbor1 't7 to w3.n 

acceptwe tor recmllll8Ddat1cma 8D4 to -.iatam itself' above tb.o whim 03' 

cQD.'MD1ence ~ tm iD41v14ual K!li1at17. J'urtlMtDlOZ'8 a Upter orpn1M-t1cn 

vaa ••••~ to make lllV' adeCJ,uate :refODIB 1n. the 41atr1but1cn ot tzo&;ttio. 

!ro glft crn>tam17ate a gsmlinn oppo:rtun1tJ to 1D.terchuage tec)m:l.ca11n.tor-

-.t1cn, tbe7 tbm!le1Tea me4e4 to wt ad 'WQl'lc toptur., not ~ tb.eir 

a!d.efa,, ~1thout a ceatral. cU.rectJ.Dg arg1Dizat1m1 the trua.tas1CD ot 

oollAtual. 1Dtannt1m vu bOUD4 to be 1rregular and apottJ'. The uatt ot 

peraomiel. nm1Dacl umccnad.0&1: tu tfN crntamlPte 1D eeoh Dop.....-mm"t 

baa. to be apre.4 ewe the ...., 'Qpoa ot pro'blals •• oipher,, corlit,, -.obim 

1U"Ob1-a .,. ... at tile ezpau1tt ot ezteD4ed work· CD 't1Mt mare cmplloated ot U7' ot t.be•• problma. 

1llua tba volm'taz7 l1&1acn :plan, ovm vhell 119 auoonded., vaa ocaaidend, 

at leut b7 t1le •t1c:mal Det111D110» IUD1atr1•, aa caJ.J' a atepp1Dg at..Q'JO to a 

more cloa~ lm1t arg1Dizat1CJD: eitber a r!!fA! su!«Pk1i\! l!m!.!:.1!1 

-a-.-s;;-~Part-~n-;-·-JIB&e--w----=-=-------------·-·-· ---.. ·-----· ·· 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
centraliz!Dg a.U tbf1 tm:lct1cms of the various ll!J.D1.atltr1al. CJ7PtenalJt1o 

aerrices and ocapletieq aupplan'ting the latter, or a cent.t'&l 1.nt.Grmmatoxi!l !!7.i?rt.H.lt1c L.et!.1oe, famal.13 !lf.m.dl.1ng the neC.aaaii coor<11-

mt.1on ·and ~lJ1DB U& Hapeculative 2 ... seeroh ", J..eavms tho s;pec11'1a resoarch 

a. ez.ploitatim to t,he TariODB n1D1eter1al. aenicea. 

2. SiDBle 11mtaml.lt10 b11r&a.J! 

'Die cc.r.nept ~ tJJ5 aiDg.1.e Cl7P~C bu:rmu, 1a 412.•act aontrut to the l.1a18(f.L 14ea 11hioh •ouabt to preserve ~ autc."l'ml.Y or tbo 

'9V10WJ 4.eparLm.ut .J. ....,.1oea, voulA supplant these aerT1cee cQ!Jpl.ote17, 

cantn.l.iz1q all J27PW.]Jt1c act1v1Q' in Q1l9 bareau ae,l&t'Ste fra all the 

lltn1atr1e11. Whatl th1a idea wan anal;rzed.,4' prec1.m1bq b7 G1v1ergo, 1D 1916, 

he la1e down c~1ta1n ocmd1t1aae vh1oh he omud.tlored eaaent.1a1 to the au1Jcem 

ot auch an ore;mtzatic:m.s it mo.st 'bG "oreated outB1d8 Of all m1n1atnea, abovo 

the :miD.1.atr:lea, 1r1th a ~htet who has 11ld1sputable a~1't1' with ·tho 0at'8.1.ldn 

services• ( tb _, Pl'l 8114 iAb.e publ.to p!'Ollecutor' a o.apc.rtmont u woll. as tha 

af.ll1atr1ea O\'.dlC&med) • CQD\POtGm:o u great M h1R authority 1n all SClll&?'& t 

quaatians, 1dl.1t8Z'y, p>l1t1cal,, etc .. .- aua. who b&s t\m.da at his d1s,IiOaal ... b 

Since he cona14ered it unl1kel3' tbat these cQQ41t1ms'oou.1.A. be f'lll.f1Uod, 

ho was oppc1aed to aucl1 a plJtn. 

It vaa ~ ama1derecl tbat BUOh an orsm1zat1.c:m aust be 

placed ~f an mutins 1D.tomtma·tor1&J. b~ or tale Ottice ot tlvJ Pre!'Aier. 

In the pl.aD ot J'ei1ru11Z7 l9'8, 1 t va,1 propoeo4 to ccnc~nt.1'ate a.U ;peracmne1 

and budgetary reaoarces ot the vanows 4apartmrJntal. crn>tena~1c 11erv1-cea 

mto a a1Dgle service &dm1D.1sQr&t1Tel3 uri«er l'at1cmal. Dot'cse "ar UDder the 

Ottice ~the Prml.sr (Bisher Couac11 ~ Def'mv.10) 11' th.ct J'are1p Attairs' 

Jltn1atry ccasenta to .1om :1D. t.be plAu." 

The orsamzaticm ·.me to be cm;.oead or a aeot1cn mad, "pretua1'17 a 

c1v111an to maUl'8 ccr1t1nu1Q"", and tODl" ar t1ve aect1caa. Bach aitct:S.cm. 

voul4 1nclude ottic1ala, either o1v1l1a ar mU'tarJ", detached b7 tho 

Acbdn1atrat1cn to whioh tMJ" 'bel.ODged (•v, War, A1r. Colom.ea, :Pore:lp. 

a. See Appm41% E1

• J.,5 • 51 

b. See Appm11x P. ls6 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
.Atta1rs) • a 1.n ad41 t1cm. there 11\"111l4 'iJe a'la1li&t7 peraomwl, :poaa1bliY co.amen 

to all sect1aaa, ~ purell' me~oa.J. taskftlo 

b. Funct.1an4 

The tunctiODS ot t.b1a ~zat1cm. 1IOUl4 bo: 

(a) to •1nta1n t.be cu.1Tant a9"1oe, 

(b) to prepl.l'e tar thG fuuot1ar:d118 of! tbe services 1'1 wartme, atHJ. 

( c) to vor1f7 the rsecruri t,y or the natiaaal. CX7.Pf:.osraphic Q"BteaB 

~-. - In mmta1D1Dg the currtm·t aernce a aect1cm. would bo reapmaibl.e tor 

rece1v1ng and d1str1but1Ds all .1D.ter'38pts. (I.n l916 Girtorse had llZ'1ttm 

tbat the aiDSle bureau would have to 41.root tho intercept eerviceaJ in ·tJie 

l9'8 :propoea1 thi• 1• not auapatecl). !'here voal4 be an orclorl;y 41atn'but1on 

ot CCllDT to the mtereated ~ts. A centl'81 4ocUEMnta.t1on tJeZ'Viee 

voul4 assmble all the doc1D£1D.ta :mu 111 the T&r1oua Do~ta: 41ct1amt.1"1ea, 

:re:rermce b~oks, eta. A '.PN•• aenice voul4 be Gl'gmi&ed. A at~T e:rollP 

voul4 4o :re•eanh 1D D8W IQ'Btau, 1zmmt1caa, r.ach1nea, otc. ern·~ytic 

vo.rk ot all. tn>• frclD. :1D1 t1al. •tui.\T to :timl ex,plo1 ta.t1an 1fOl1l4 be carried 

en 1n th1a orpn1u.t1ca.J cr.n>ta'aal1'tio roau1ta (code reccw0!7, oba1H'V&t1ona 

m ano1phmmant QBtm, etc.) woul.d be 0CW111m1e&te4 to the V&l'10WJ secticms. 

The 1Dliv14ual. lllmatriea voul4 be alloved to 4o 02'7,Ptana~o work anly fer 

apec1al vell-cle1':1ne4 m1aa1ma, &134. tb8 Cmt.-ral. Senice voul4 be kept 1Dtoxmod 

ot the reau1te. 

a. tiien 18 sme coataa1cii 1D *the plan at this ;point. !these aect1ari&, accm'Cl· 

ms to the proposK table ot arQID1zat1m, Ap:psn41z CL_~~ voul4 'be 43:V'14al . 

m a 11Dgu1at1c baaia: Engl.18h, a.xum, Itel.1ml 8D1. S:pfm.1.sh, Buasian,, .f.rez!.oh, 

.etc. !rh1a idea 1a alao bonle oat m the a4V&Dtap noted: ~7 :ba.viJ:iB knowlec1ge Of all the 8lJ!tells uaed :ln tbB BllllB COUlrtr1° 1 ODG W'Ul mD1'8 ea1q be 

able to aaoertam tbe llab1tll mid ea.o1pher1Dg 8111tea& ot thAt cOD11tiq's aerv1cee 

am reccmat1tute the pr1.D.c1ple Wh1.ch 1a be1na eata'bliahed an the otJJcr aide. 11 

On. tJ:le other hDn.41 as cme ot tbe aaa~• to the Tariou De;partmmta 

tbat the1r aecreta voul4 not b& 41~ to otber llez"t'icos, 1t was ate.tad 'that 

"In pr1no1pla, each aect1cm.1 ccaposl1Cl ot asents re11pQD111ble to a g1T1111 JUDia• 

t17', 1'111 work OD]J cm •aaases ot mtereat to tbat IUDiat.17 aud vill hsve no 

Jmov1edge ot t-exta ot 1Dteree"t to the other aeot1ou. • ~ids 1D;>l.1• a pri-

.:t"l' 41T1a1an. into aectioaa for Anq, Sav1'1 oolm1a1, 41plam.t1c t.Taf1'1c etc. 

A po.se:lble 1nterpretatim 18 tbSt tJw J)l'1ml7 41T1a1cm ~be 'b7 Jansua89, 

a:a4 a eeccm4ar7 d1v1s1an. v1 t.h1n the 'M8'J4169 eect1cma 1rOl1l4 be b7 Mim•tr.Y 1 

but the evi&m.ce ia ocmtl1oting. 

1.G 

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As far DDintaiDiDS eecuriw, G1vim.•se he.d arguod 1n 391.6 that "eecu:dty 

conaiets not in. cc:mceal.1DG the u:ta't&Dce of sarv1cos to which all the dju 

novels alJ.\lde, but 1n co:noeal.11Jg tba mact nai.-ure of the work be1%3e; dC>.lle 

aud the l1at ot pro,3ects UDdor atua.r thel'e 11 • In 19'8 three socurit;v mee.-11ures 

wero 1nc02"p0l'&'to4 1Dto tbo pl&n 1n an otto.rt to reasswo the var10Wl De:r;crt• 

JD8i'lta tbat their secrets \roulcl not be divu.J.sed to other sections: (a) t1.ecryptt10DB ~bet camnm1oatoa. flXCl»J!1lf1l to the m1D1s"tr1es caaoer.a.ed: (1') 

agents fran a given. M1D:tstr.r would. work, :f.n principle, cml7 an mea&agQs of 

:lntereat to thn.t Mlm.atr.r and wou.14 not be given lmawJ.edae ot texts of :Interest to other sections; ~ (c) c:al1' tbE> m7ptezpl.!t!fi reaultn would bis CC!llli1ln1cate4 to the V&'l'ious aeSbttans. 

Tho orsamzat1on WOU).d prepLl'e t~ the :tmot1an1ng ot tho aen1ce 1n 

wartime by tl'a.1.niDB reserve peremmo1 and 4evelop1JJ6 a thoroush lcnctrl.Gdc;e 

of the QBtema and eDm7.Ptins ha:bito Of ooun.tr1ea with whose tntt1c it was 

a4vantap01.1& to 'be fam111ar. , 

!rhe advantages ot the llinsle C3:7.Ptaual.7tic bureau war.a J:?.UllerOUB: 

(a) All taf:tic would be amt to a o1Dgl.e serv"1ce nbich would 

distribute it en a ~ic basis,, 1.e. an the basis of t71)9 of qstam. 

used and not e:m1ue1ve.J.y m the basis ot address 8D1. a1gnaturo. Tb.is f!}:.aran.tee4 the u;plo1t1Dg ot all trattio. B1' hav1ng mo:ro trattic BZJ.4, ospae1all3, 

cCDjpl.ate series or messages :tram. tho 8lml8 acm.der, crn>tanal,yats woulcl bl.ve 

better chSnoes o:r succeaa. . (b) By ;pooling peramme1 1t would be possible to Dlm 110l'e 

eccmcm.c&l use of th• and thus to utmul work to :mnr llmguagea a1'l4 to eDPSo 

in J.cmg-tem research proJecta on the :more ccmpl1c&ted p:robi.eas. 

(c) By warJdne 1D cloee pro:dmit.7 1t would be possible for 

tbe crn>tema~ta to 1D.teroha!Jge special. lmovl.e4ge am. a:perience to .mutual 

advantage. 

(d) A ceatrallzat1cm or all 4ocuments and co1lateral. il)f'onna1;1~ would reault 1n a muoh J'4Ql'e cmplate am1. ett1c1ent refo:rence serv1c:e with 

l.eaa ez;penditure. 

(e) A mm~ ms.:rom 8114 rat1cmal training or pe:raamael would 

be achieved. 

17 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
d. R'lsadvanta@q, 

Ho;q 41-4vau.tagea to au.oh a dr-ast1o propose.J. were presented, 

hwever. l'D his "Bot.e cm. C~p!!1'"a wr.ttta 111 April 1922 O!'l'ierBG-, 

QMk!ne: of a o1ngl.e or.vv-.am.11t.10 · ael'Yioe, &a1B: 

".Bn"artn have been ma.e tCMIZ'4 it several tmes 

UJd. plaD8 tm. .. it were nm me.4e 4v1Ds the var.. !heae 

D.eYG" saooaedod becauao the IUD1etr1ea want to 'be llUl'e 

of obWn1n.g detsclumnta ot l1f'l'8CDJel tt.r a:peoial. 

poait.tcma 1t th.97 need tbLmL (e.s. tho War Depa:rt.alm't for 

tbD amlea in wart~), aZJ4 to be abl.o to have doctaenta 

vb:lch 1D.tereat tha. atu41e4 at case. ~ gN&t a 11119C1o1· 

1mt.1m 1n m111TAZ7 er d1plaat1o qmat1cao, for eDaple, 

111111 ~ been f'eare4o 1'ov 1 tm :rare1.sn .Affairs 111D111'tl.7 

baa nner accepted enn. the idea o:t a ccn.t.ro1 over the 

taaJm which 1'?ould eatablillh a pr10'l'i't1' order." 

other e:J.smrta poin.t1D8 to the ma4.eairab1Uty of cm;pl.ete uD1f1cst:lon 

were not.a b7 hm as .toll.ova: 

(l.) l>1TeN1'tl' ot prob1ff!llll: tb.ct Pl'Ofoun4 d:ltterencea bewean 

qat.s tar COlT8spm'ellC6 ~ bad1v1dual.a, baaka, etc. m the me hand aD4 

otf'1c1&1 1119tera (D:l.plaat1c, War, .a. •VJ") m the other hazd; 

(2) Value of a;pec1&11zat1ca.: tbe nlu, 1f me v18hes to be 

abJ.e to mke o~rp~ :lnto apec1&11ata am to obtain a good out.put, ~ 

ua1p1ng the '98.1"1oua categoriea of orntosrau to separate atu~ sroni>s;b 

(') Beed tor dei*rtment:t.1 automlu': tm neco11eitJ' t~ a 

111.n1ater1al. Dep&rtaumt not to be alia.red to bava recourse to GCtbe~ .when 

a queat1an of Georet C01"Z"el1pcn4oce is 1DYolvec1 1D an atta1r 1D vh1eh it is 

OC'JIELCeZ'J»!,S 

(J,.) Crnto-secnirlt;r: t.be mat .. of haTinS 1n the Adr.dn1e~t1cn 

qml1f1e4 perecmMtl. to 4mv up ornto.graphio c1oomcmta and to oversee their 

use; 

(5) Ma'rdstmt1ve ditt1cu1t1ea: the d1.ttioult1ea for variou 

reuma, ariemc ror eDlll'le trcn tm status o~ tm offlc1al8~ or :baTiDS tm 

:rare crntam1"ts l.G&Te their :p1"88lD't Mn1n1atrat1cm.J 

(6) Size ~ task: the 8D01'llOIUJ quaat1tJ' or 4cc1.&m.te mm• 

ceptible o~ atud1' and the •ter.l&l t.ill!X ot claaatt1oat1cm. am. or ••ttmg up 

&1."Cld.Tea. 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
In 1.9'8 a War Min1ot17 not9 OCIJID8D.to that: 

'1The :tusim ot the exiattas c:rn>tanal.1tic services 

setDB d1i'f'icu1t to aohine ~ reaama Of cmnmam, reCl'llitmmit,, :lmiiruct1o.n and m>biUsat1an, and. tor Dl!'°t$r!ai l"ellaaaa 

(buildi:ags, eredita)." 

The most 'Valid fears with zoapoot to a a1DsJ.,e cra:ptanal.1t1c burce.u 

11em. to have been. tbat: 

(l) It might be dcn:tmtod b1' ODO Department to the dieadva11a 

tase 01" miathor; 

(2) Spoc:lal. mtereats :night be ist\m'ed or given lDlr p.•1ca:o1·ty; 

(;s) 'l'he l>epa.rUaent.a woul4 have no ccm.trol over thG top1ce 

studied mld. would be unable to ass1£P.l llZll!Llpta to apeciaJ. 3obs,; aml 

(4) Crn>tosra:phio oocticna would be deprived ot tho noces&fJ.l"J' 

cr1t1o1m and e;u14ance ot ~Bta (unless the aiDgle bureau lrerG nade 

reapcms1bl.e f'or all orn>toSl'&phic fUDct1Cll8 aa well). 

A1thoush ver1ty1Dg the aecur1't7 of t.be :naticm.a.1. 017ptograph1c 91stema 

was namod aa on& of the fmlct1cma of thLt e1ngle Cl'1Ptaml7t1c orge.n1zat1on 

1n l9'8, no expansim of ·the 1dea 1a S1vm 1n tba plan advanced. This uould 

presumab3'r iiivolve a~ the 838t&ma to teat whether the;r wou.1.d be h.1.shJ.7 

resistant to ~o attack (it 1s not cl.eaf' whether tbie 1neludem 

check1ng their actuml use tor v1olat1cma ot czin>to-•ecur1t1'), but it does not 

1ap]3 a Qcmtml.1zat1m ot the 111111T14ual. aer¥'1cea nor even diroot.1an b7 a 

~st. In 1916, however, vhem Col. Cartier had Prolioaecl a cont.roJ.1zat1cn ot 0Z7Ptnnalytio aenioea <111.7, Ma.1or G1T1erge had po1nte<'l out that tho 

crn>toPpb:l.c ae1'V'1ces JIDIF.lt, 1rL tbat case. be cmtral.1zed u well s.11!.ce tho1' 

'must be directed b1' C1'Jl>'l•.IU'lPJ.7ota n who vm "1Dstruct the o;pera.ting :personnel au4 prepare the 4.ooumi:mts." a 

1!lia po:lnt waa, 1n tact, used. as a atraas arsn•n.t "S''n•t a 111Ds;le 

crntamJJtio bureau. In a "ltoto cm the 0%'1»tanalJtic Service" in 1922 it 

waw stated: 

"One can ~ to 'be :1D. :ravar ot a plan. or this mt'UZ'e it 

me does not v1sh to Ska tbia central. agfllJ07 :respcma1ble tar 

tbe aurvei llance of tbs aPPlioat1ca. ot the French oodea and 

ciphers 1n the V&1'i.ous 111Dl.atr1oa. It is neceesar.r, 1n tact, 

:lD. our op1n1cm to prev&ilt the ag!mta wJlo use our caclea mid 

cipbara :f'l'm. uaiDg tbm oa.:rel.9811~. i'he qualified author.tt7 

seems the M1nistl7 to 11bich the7 are :reapcmaible. Bow to 

a. See Appan01z: :P. 45 mr 

w wa:www:a:.w:a:wzw a::WWWJr:W&••• _ a:mJL w:;wwwwwa:o== -• wawww 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
watch over a Cl'T.?togl"Oi?hiC r.ervioe proper~, 1t is n&eeseal"y, 

ve tb.1Dlc, to hav•t Cl7Pta-ml.78ts who, uuil!s the :miat&kos or 

otbera, lmolf vh1•:sh oneo :must be avoided. The UCHS1f-,,. ~a 

sepl.l:'ato aerv1ce in each Mima:!a7, as ve have tca&.1' 11 1a tbere-

:tore T&r6 read1]lr 3W1tified." a 

J'ar these :reaeana tb> tfmdmOJ' was to favor tho tb1rd poas1b1J.1ty ··--a 

ceatral 1D:tem1D1atoria.l ·~c service --- vhich woul4 ccab1ne Il11D7 

of the ad.vaut8gea of a a:IJJSle 'blu•eau with t"•&r d:l.sad'ftmtftesa. 

'· Cm.traJ. 1nteGB!n1,~riaJ. $'3Ptaml.rt:\C sarvigs. 

Tll8 ocmtml. :;11tenn5.niatcir1&J. arn>~1c een1ce, or1g1~ 

enviaaged ae a purel.J' coa:'41na.ting l!t89DD711 would MT81 as f:l.mlJ'7' ~volvod,, 

~c 

two ma.1ar 1"811,PC1181b111 t1eu: ccm."CliDat:lng the work ot the T&'f'iOUB :rn1D1at..er1al 

aerricea, eud ~ 1n "apeculAt1ve reaea.rch", J.ee.v1Ds the 

apeoitic reseBl'Ch ad Ul):1..01tati<m. to those aorvicea. Wa propo•J. avo1ds 

at tbe um tiaa the ~J.:a of loose colla'baraticn, vb.ere t.m heads of the 

varioua Cl'Jl>tol.og1<" aect1UDB meet \U.er same perBUBFJ1oA tc '{Atoh UP hero and 

there a fflW of the da:t1o1f.QC1es ot an ~ted 117ste~ and. tho Chsri"od1s 

of CCllWlete lm1fioat1CD O:f cr:fPtanalJtiC ACt1Tit1ea, 4ep:'1Vil1S the DepariD.mlta 

of mv ~1c persc:11ne1. Such a ceutl'aJ. oft'D vu ,pr~amted. oh1ot]¥ 

aa a wa.rt:lm measure, how(l'ver, propor.als :tar it be1Dg lllOBt JlUIDROUB and 

urgent before Ol34 dur1Dg t'arld We.r J: GDd. aas1n 1n 19'8 .,9 whm. World War IC 

vaa tbreaten1ng.. The :mosi; apeo:Lfio of theeft pro,POsals, reproducod 1n tho 

A»pen41x, von Co1. Ca:rt1tG." 1B l.917 plan :tor reorsm1z&t1cn ~ tho 017,Ptn 

llDllJ¥tic eerv5.caa (preaUlllt:l>~ 8.6.Dpted f'ar the lABt 'l'e&r ot the war) aZld tm 

Aztq,, S&q, and Air J'orce plans ot l9'8 .,9. 

a. It was m'1glnalJ7 plamed to pl.ace this cocmlimting S.'OUP 

m4er me ot the Min1atrit'fl: 1n l914 t.be 017P~B were :!Ata.ed to be 

'IJD4mt Intorior,, :ID i91~ i• aervico was to 'be hlln4lOd b7 tlm Var De:par1.Dmlt,, 

8114. at the ea4 of l9lB it vaa propaaa4 tbat all orntanal1t1c ~:t m pace 

negot1at1cma be 4mo UDdel, the aegttJ of' tbe ~ifJl AttcL1rs 1Un1sv7. J2'aa 

1925 cm.,, however, it was omo1'8l~ reo~zed that BUOh a coord.1natitvi 

oraemzaticn muat be un481• 1ntemm.1.eter1al can.Vol. -- poaa1bl.J' tm Of'f'j.oo 

•· "iOt.e 'iur Li mice tn Ch1fti.ew-1:; lpril:-1922 ~- 2 TM=>•»-=-• 

b. Cart1m- hR.d proposed 1hat the Gr.JP~io B81"V'1ce, rigb."t!'a.ll.;r au ere.an 

of 1ntel11f1!1!>~ ahaul4 bf, attach.ad to a Otm.era1 Intelligence Ott1ce, tl-.an 

mm.-atstat. (!'hi• D.Oti<ll was 1.1Rl41&te]3 ro3eotcd 'b7 hie aupel'iora "b~e.uae 

ot the qec1al mtwe of 'the 1.ntellismce utilized 'b7 the l>opl.rtmea.t ot War"). 

Ile 8U888•te4 tha't UD4err peaaa.t omd1.t1aas it be attached to tb War H:b:'lia'tl7 

at leeat :tor tJJe 4uw.1f1cn of' the var,, but ad4e4 t.b6t 1t could be ma.der the 

:rore1go. Attaira IOD1Btz7 cz- nm. tbo Ottice of the Premer. 

20 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
. TOJil SE<31!\N'P6 &FJ1i1PE 

of the 3?'~F.1111or or, more u'IUBJ.:b', tbn Jl.:tgb.Gr Col'mc1l. Of Yt1Ql1t.l Defense. 

ID. the .Ar'Jq's l9'8 'lJtJte* Lt was proposed to place it 1Jll4er one o.'t 1ihe 

M112'etries of •at.1.anal. Del'we or tho ~r Coimc11 of :rat1o:anJ. I>ofcm&•>o ~ •TY :pl"OpOSfJ.l.b la~, hm~, :1na1ate4 that 1t must bo placed ~e::w m authoritf' superior to bhe M:ln111tl~ea, s1T1Ds as :remamm: 

(1) '!he ~timL2t...Jit....Z~~JYm&;:;t; 

(2) Tb.a pos11bW.t.T of' us1Dg qval1f1ed c1v111auli aa :a·••f:Bl:>Ch 

vorbrsCo.so f'Ol'lll8l" m111tv.7 crn>taDRl..;yata or real ccra;pctot\oe uhca i'l; woultl 

be 41tt1cml.t to 9jploy 1n a aubOl'CU.mt.te poe:1t1m 1n a m:ll1tar.r asmic7). 

b. l'eremmal 1r"&.J to bo obtnined f'.rc:a the :miniater.1&1 O..'?Pt-

~c aeot1au. (Ill 1817 a deleEJ'to :l'rGi! the Oi"f1ce of the P.ns11er tms 

to be molwled) • 1'he Jf&YJ ll'LlSf:PJteCI. tlll:Lt ecaoh K1ni•t.?7 mlgbt oonta.•1bv.tD tuo 

or tbreo :pen5f.DI or offtc1'r ~ anti. if' p:>aa1ble &U eqvm.J. l\'llllbor of 8f1Cl!'ea 

tar1ea,; the entire 5av plm:L 'VBIJ· more 111d.te4,, hovner, mktns general. Cl'~­

aml3t1c atu41es the cal~ f'lmot1aa. ~ the iierrtce (e:r.o~~ coa.rcU.m.timi). 

c. The •.10r pr>posalo (eDlOPt •v•s) in.Vol.YtJd e. tvo-:roJlwd ro:Le 

:ror the central. ~yt1o aervice: raaea.re.h a ali ~1c 

queat:!mm o:r gaeal. inte:feat, awl r.oo.rdimticm ot tho week ot the ftri•>WI 

•'"' atm.•1al aerrtoee. • == • 

~ resprch aaplCt ~ the llm'Jc voal4 1nvo1nu 

(1) heua1nl'q at11d~ ot UN' ~a'tcima 112.teroepted to 4ntel'Kl.m 

their grmeral. nature. Whim. a &i10tem hll4 reached a point where 1t oot21d be 

b8m'18d b7 the proptr :minLated.o..'L Be4'"'1'1ce, it 1roul4 'be -Wm.194 over to tlie 

la1itor vith all ueoeR&17 1D:romat1m. far ocmt1m1'ns tho atuq (o.g. no01"e>r3' 

ot :part1oular lm7a or boo:'~) or for u;pl.o1tat1C1l .. 

(2) CJcm.e.mJ. ·~ ot ~ ~»b'DS :procQ:aaeo Cnulhinos. 

e1ectrameohllnical. cxr eJ.e.~t1c JXl'OO••••s, etc.) vi 1".J:i attm;pts to 

establish 48~ mth>&s. !ft!~• izacl.1.'14es or1t1oal stn.\T of AU 111.veuticma 

mA q8tma pl'OI)Oeed :rar 1l4optiet1 b7 tb8 vanet'.a ~a. 

'!be coor41mt1cm. or tho V01'k Of tbo Te.riOWS orypt&lma~10 8fiT.lCCS 

woa14 :lnl'olTel . 

(l) centl'al.1'11ns tho rsce:t:pt or a..U mtercct~4 ti.•at:f1.o; 

(2) 41etribu:t1ng 1t b7 Q&tm ant. categor.y, ~ 1103.e~ b7 1Ml.d'N'811,; 

(3) eatabl1•'1iDB 11a1am GKll1fJ tm 'VU"1ou groa.pe to (!.9t t!10 best 

.reaulta rrbUe 11att111g ana. looal.1.z1Dg J!ea:pau1b111t1eaJ 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TO• SEeRPY ~6S"l¥Jif.l E 

(4) setting 1.ip and maintaiDS a repos1 to:ey of dooumentE1 au.a. 

techn1cal 1Dtcmaat1cm. resl.1'ding 811a:!l\Y tm.C17.Ptin8 systSIS and their use; 

(5) aett1Dg U'D an4 liil.1ntam1ng a oQ\\ :tile o~ -= ooil!ltey 

atud1ed an4 f31.v1118 each ~oup 1Dt0i'r..t1an to mlp 1 ts trorlc; 

{6) eatabl111111Ds clirect :relatiaaa with intercept an4 3.ntellismc• am'Vices U well &8 vtth the u:,pl.o1 ting 8erriCG8 1n the ft2"1cr<l 

IU.n1at1:'1ea; · 

(7) aett1Dg up a p:oaa aernce f'or 1ntma.t1on :purpoae11 (and 

tile A1r :rorce ausseata ~kiDS 'ti1 th tllo Pre11a to censor ~ pu'bl1e1~t1onn 

likel3' to impe2'11 CJ7,pto-1JGOUl"ity); 

(8) M.Jctng ti19 D8COl3111U7 ccwnm1cat1QDS 1n tho proper f'Ol'.!11 to 

the aerv1cea omoerned. 

d. To ach1ne tbeae ptU"'posea., the Auq sad Air Farce Diida 

gaD8l'&1J..'y aDil.R prop>•\11 f'or orSU11zat1em~ 

(a) A Ureta£ aJMt. aaaiatant 

(b) Au &fCM?W or cla11a1fJ'lns 11ecticm. reapmw1b1o fo1': 

(1) recel:pt., claaa1f1oat1on and 41atr1buM.ng of :l:nwrcopts 

(2) 41at.'l'1but1an of 4eorn>t1cma 

(') cml1M."11zat1cm ot ~cmat1cm. a!ld. doovaente of &n.J' nature 

( 4) ae'tt.l.Dg Up au4 m1Jlta1a:dns of card :f.'11199 Of Cl';FPtaua:J.;vtiC 

1Dto:n-.t1cn 

(o) A 11a1aa;1 "80t.1C'al, ainta'N.ns cl.ose relaticme with tho 

~tal. aorncea and v1th tbe lnf'Clftl".tian~ Intell:tp;:m 

u4 Preaa Serr1.cea 

(d) A tec0e'cal or stut\Y aeot1m reepcma1b>...e for: 

. (1) prel."•'m.rJ' neal.l'Oh after ~:le cllwa1t1ca1•1cm. 

(2) atud3' ot 81Bt&e., •cbtnao., orn>toeraphic 1nvEm.t1ano 

(') cheO::.d.118 an. the aecnirit,' of .m.tiaaeJ. crwtC>Sl"~:ph1c BJBtems. ·- (e) A tnaaltl.t1an aoZ'Yioe ~pl.sin tu.t :lnter.oepta - 'l'lle c1eptz'tmmtal. 017.PtanalTtlo acrrioea voul.4 reta:tn their autcmon;7 to 

a ccms14erable extent,, hawU1ns their awn reoruitmallt m;4 t.raSn'Jns ot prlraazm&J.o 

S1Dce close 11114 ocmatant l1a1acm vat1 mceaa17 aacaa all th• SJ."OUPfl1 hmrever, 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
it was fl'equentl.7 ursed Uat t.be7 o.bould work in the a&aJ spot .ar at least 

in close prm:1mt)" to each other. .Anothff' argument far proxim1t7 "AD tho 

ease ot eatabl1sh1ns and ua1JJS the central aroM.voa and 1DformG1cm noct1on. 

On the other hand, DIU'l.y edvooated p.b181ca1 aepare.t1m for the eo.ke CYl local.-

1z1Dg reapcms1b111t7 a1l4. recluciD.s 't&ba omnceo of eecur1t;r l.eaka. :rm.>ther• 

~e, aa laas as the various or7.(>tBa.~1c services :rt'DBi.Dl!d umler control 

ot the aepm"&te Mmiatr1ea, there were bouD4 to be adm1niet.zoat1ve obJocticm.s 

to cletachiDa tbs php1call1'. 

e. The advantae,ea ot the octal 1Dterm1n1ster1&1. cr.vpta....~10 

aen1oe &re ~. It s1vea tom am author11Qr to tu J.tms-6.Bairecl inter• 

•enice 11&1acm,, and at the llDB tiJ1lo i>tmd.tll oatral.1za't1Cll.\ in th<' Dq>artaut 

nel4 Of seml'lll. reaearch cm. D.d Q'll"'818 u4 mch1nea. 

t. Om 41-4veaatap of tbiJ propaal Uea 1n a orrtain lllll!'mnt or 

dupl1cat1CD Of docummta and ~cmmt1on. am1cee, an4 tlm neceeai·t.7 

.ot separate archives, where there 1tJ pQ81cal aeplZ"&t1an ot the ftX"1(JWJ 

4ocrnt1Da groupe. Mare ~t :ta tho UD4eo1rab1l:lt7 ot 11e:parat1r{l 

pre1'm:!n,r.r crn>tanalltlo vc>rk :frca 1ta later atapa. It WU pl'88Ulld>1.Y 

Cartier who 1n 1916 preaeuted t!nt viewi 

"It voulA be a srave &TOI' 1f cae t.~e to think tlmt 

the c~atci auat be so.t1afte4 1n f1n41ns 1ft\e elerarmts 

of a co4ebook ar of a IQ&tOB V1th011t oa4ebook1 and that 

the7 can then le~Te to otllora vho are lea• upert 'the taslt 

ot 4eC1'7PtiDS b7 :meena ot the eltDm.ta 4111covere4 b7 them .. 

"It 1a en t."lie can"trary 1Dtliapenaa.bie tmt tbo7 tlJa.\\.. 

selves C&l"l7 out the deorntin& 1 or at least remain 1D 

oloae l1a1acn Vi"th thooo who do so, .1n arcler to f'em1l1&1"1r.e 

tlulmDe1vea with ·hb.e apoc1al. phrueol.ogy o~ the enmieo and 

With their orn>~ph1c inmtally 110 tbat tbe;y 1111q bo abJl.e 

to t1n4 aa a119ed.1.]3 aa poas1ble tbe "llW coba or 'the new 

crn>tosre.pbic a7Reaa. that are placed aucceaa1Te~ in am'Vice. 

"Our e.nmlerJ 111 tcot tllle mn.T codes tmd T&r1oua s7stcaa, 

each of them c~>lioatocl b1' fzteqwmt tnutormtic:m. 

"Ge.rtatn te:tta, 9Zl01'1Pted vi th a lmowA ~t&'I., otton 

81" T8'J!3 uaetul. 1Dd1.cat1cma tar ftDdtng thaee e1JD17Pted 

V1th other Ulllmolm. B111tca, eapeo~ OC1:11114Eins that 

tbe _,, aub38cto are 11C111Bt.1Ms ill tcta tm.ez'7Pted with 

d1tt91"9Dt q11~, ametimia m tbe .-.., wo.'t'G.a." 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TO. SEGRFPP6

&UW?R 

later,, homrror,, the B!lll8 "ir.t"it.92' adds, 

"It ahoul.4 mt. be 'tbou8ht that 1 t is esilent1a.'!. to 

brins toptber in the Mii!> bu1J41ns all th., eoctime 

vbich AN omrp with 41ttercm:b categories of ~~ 

1Ds· !hero can even 110 au advantase 1D selJ&l'&tiDs the& 

m CXl'der to l.ocRJ.1ze reapcaa1'b1Ut1es mv\ to i."educe t.128 

ollancee of 1D41ocret1m.n 

~ .418114TaD.tage, car.rooted b7 the a1ql.o lrare&u pllm1 l1Elt.J :111 

the :f'ailure to bl'1Dg topther &11 t.be "'8tell18 -- ml1tar7, naval., c-olom.al, 

41pl.cllat1o,. eto .... or a gt.Tm cwnt.Q' mto me •~ct1on.. !'ot an]J flo3a a 

:m111tal"J' •aaaae amot:S.n tJzrcw light cm a 41plomtic one, as 1;beJ· velJ. · Jmw, but the 41.u>JJ.caticn of 11rlg.dat1o ptZ"SClllHl 1• 1D. no va.Y" rodt..c11d 

11'1thout suab. m1ftcat1cm.. ()ppa-tunities for mctma1cn ot etutS:' to othm.• 

Dportallt lAr!slase• Vithollt 1Dereu1J!a tho total. :peam:mel. ~.4 bet tbmiefore el.im.'\Datecl.o 

In a War K1D1etr.T note of 7 Jfarch 19'8a it was observed fur.tl~: 

·"Die crea.ticm. of a cm:tra.U.zillg ~ under the fam of rui l"ritena.\m.aterj.mJ. 

Ottioe tJ-r C~io Sonioea, l.n'f'1D8 to OBOh Depn-bamt 1ta au1;on~r, 

voul4 require aupplamantm.7 pem<mn.-:-.1. 41tt1cult to recruit mr1 rather 

larp cred1ta." 

~spite of eam 41an4'911Dtasea1 ~ .. this solution,, a c~He 

between Jiu::I•• 1Dde~e and -.Z:SJmmL ott1c1enc7, found mm-e :f'a1·or 

tbm aiJ.lr other. 

a. 11 lfote pour le Cabiut ll111ta11'9 du .IUD1atre 11, 7 Jhroh 19'8,, P. 2 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TOJil SE0KE1?6

S7t'Qf>E 

P.ABT II 

· !)a Stl'PMle ttR! CJ.qer Colla)Fat1ca PB!' thtl CnptfrpktJg s~_!! of 

the Varicma ~..!F!• lt22 .. l2J2 

The l!4TB11ta91t11 ot iatm'll1n1etm-1&1 collaboration ot tho OJ."n>t.Att.a..1.Ttio 

aerticea 'ti"ere ear]¥ :recOgDizocl 'b7 apec1&11ata 1u the War IUD1st17, end ~holr 

eft'arta to ach1ove t.bia pl over a ~~ period. an nnal.cd 111. a oollec· 

t1m or 4oc\llont8 f:rm th" n.J.na ot the C:rntologic s.ct1an, Demiw Durea.u, ~ Otmm:91 St.aft', K1D1et.a'7 ot Waro 

A. l\J'=W'O£l4 War I Et.rort11, 

.Azrolm4 1908-~ wbaa. the t1rat auggesticms wzre m4e tor :Wt&•· 

mmate.r1al crntosrapblo ccaaul.tatian, th1a waa the •ttuat1cm.: 'l\Jo oer::tore 

ot cmtosra»b1o atuq vere t'ullot1oo1':18 replarl;r and ~ a ~tical f.llf.ll!mr 

1D Paris ..... v1th1D the ~Ol'81p Attain llS.m.et.17 an4 at the S~ttf OdhrJftle 

·a tibo 1ater1or ll1matl7. In tJze War K1Di•"1'7 thare vu a Crn>tOsrap..'11c 

Ccamiaalan. vhieh,. P'&.AIB~ tor lack ot dooummta, worked ch1et]J on theoretical .Jll'Oblma. Oa.e or 1tll m11a1ons vaa t.i.t of •Jd.DS codoboolte. 

In 1908 Oeaeml. ::Sent:aut, P.naidat ot tbi• M111ta&7 01"1J1tiogt'fl.PhiC 

Camiaa1c:a, 4eplo.r1ns the camplete 1aol.at1cm ot tho ftZ'iOWI Cl7.Ptoe:r&J1b.1 c 

aerncea 1D. the Oavemmant,, proposed to the IUJd.•tar ot War the cruat1an ot 

an Iza+.eminiater1a1 Cz7ptc:israph1o Ca&1sa1cn. Be at.'Naeed its ut1l.it.Y :2n 

't1m or J>GU• tar p.'\l'd.1Ds l'reDcl:l. m:ntosrallhic •ocuriv, ;pomt1DS OU""~ t&t 

prosrc,taa 1D marn>t1Ds •tibada rma1na locaJ.11.BCl tor van.t ot proper 11&1aan, 

am laae a4'9'8DC04 aect1ane are umr1tt1Ds17 u1D8 :lmeoure ~ph.1.c 

procedures. A ;pool.1Df3 or 1deu eD4 •tanala, 1Dclud1ns CGDBre1a1 cock>• 

.11114 'books en ~plv" 1 voul4 be not ~ 111 the saonJ. :l.Dterest bu:t. 

also 111the~1cul&r1D.tereet ot Gaoh 11cot1m (vhoee 1nd.epm4e!lce :in 

m.ttera Of orpniza:t1ca. am proce4m:ea voul4 DOt 'be atteoted). Osa.er.11. 

lle.rt.Uut CWl>1-Btsed, 1D a&Ut1m, the naec1 Of ;p:re1JR1Ds fQl' rcMM"•aa :lr1 

tDe of war a "read'ns sail 111Jptr'r1a1ns camitta• to watch mer w!7,Pt.Eid 

co.rnapcmtlaae. ~. waa later ~ to the 14- ot a "027Ptaml.7't1<i 

cc111d:tteen. • 

Die prop>aal. vu 8*d.tte4 1>7 the War M1ni•tr.r to the otber 111niatr1ea 

cancermd: l'oreisll Atta1ra, •v;, JDte.riar,, Col.ca1ea, and Pllbl1c Works 

(Poat, Telapbone Im&\ ~lec;raph). .Agreeaant was 8U7 With all 'but t.ho f,,rst. 

J'lm.117 all 118Z'9e4 OD a 4ratt decl'ee, Wh1ch u1t1-.te~ the lf:lm.ster of 

J'oreip Attaira reftaee4 to a1go.. 1'b.1a waa the ftnt nu:dtteataticm. or the 

nm-coo.perat1ve att1twle at tllat Mm.tstr.v wh1ch was to run l1lm a recur.i'1DS 

tbAae throuSb th• mzt thirt.i;r 1NZ'll• !he 4ratt c1Goreo was the :aod.1t1ed 

to exolDdo thct 111D1•tr7 of ~1811 Atta1ra, an4 vaa aipecl oa. 9 Jaxm17 1909 

b7 the Mlra:1aters ot Var, Irav, lhterior, Colmiea, and Publ:l.c Worb. 

2, 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
1'hia. 4em'ee, anilad.tte1 an 11 J&11l'J&r7 l909 b7 tbe Mimater ot War 

(G. Picquart) tor the approval or th!> hea141Dt ot 'the :Republic, ae-r:; up on 

In.tem1zd.ater1eJ. Crntosra:phio Camd.oe1m m4ftr the oba~eb1p of tb.a 

Prea14m.t ot tlla JW.1tary Crntosr&ph.1.c C08111s1cn, v1th :mm.'bonh.1.p ccmrL11tms or npreaentat1vea fztm. tb9 Crn>tosra»b1c Sen'1oea of the :f'ive l'1m.1rtnea 

oCll30Cm4. 1he ~ ~ tm Camoo1an na "to ·~ uo4or what oar41t1am 

the 0G0p9r&t.im ot the 'Ym'10WI meyptosrapblo 1rareaua 01111 bo orgm1zcJ4 e1·hb.er 

m ;peacetma ar iD,. ~ .. ~ 

:Betvemi 1909 and 1912 tho rola ot t.1:11• Ccmd.u1aa •GGiilll to haTtJ beau 

lmite4 to ]HlrEoml. ccntacta aD4 the embADae ~ tecJm1cal. notea ~ 8CllllJ 

ot ita ._bes. lA l.9121 W2lm Jl111C'an4 ttae :r.tnt IUD1.ater of War, tho 

War 11:1Diatr.r'• ~pb1o Sctct1"1 WB Cl'tt&ted, probablJ' '*4e.l" tln 1nap1J'a.. 

ticm. ot Capt&iz\ Cli'f'iorae, thflD a 3llEber ot the Hln1ster•a pencmnl. :1tc1ift', 

vho .. :particularl.7 :ln.tereate4 in crntaneln1• ad who far DD7 7'111.198 

ftsm'ea :prQl:lD.tDtll' 1n tbe atrugl.e tor :S.D.temmlateri&l colla.baratlan Sin. 

the ftel4. 

Ua4er tbs uv :Sapetue the tint tonal. mo't1ns ot tho Izrtems.nt.ste:d.al 

Ol7Pt<>sr&ph1c Ccmd.ss1cm. tcoJc place en 14 llD.7 1912. 'lbe ~ obJect1vo · 

now becmee the orgnnizat1cn ot the Cr.n>~c CCMlitteo (Ccmte ca 

4'cbittJ: H1mt), :lD. which t-ha l'areigtl Atta1n 1Um.lltz7 -~ 'b~ 1nV1tec.'1. to 

im-t1c1i-.te. Aaa1n that lf.!D111tr7 •s DOt ~ to cooptN.tf>o AJ.tllrmsh 1t 

Jaa4 appointed 1te repreaaitat1vea, it n:rued to 41wlp tbeir mmts aJf 

arc1er them to '.PU't1c1:iiate 1D the cmal:ttee '• VOZ'k uut11 th9 'B.mt ot zrao4". 

!'ho C~uicn 4ec14ed t.U.t it ooul4 not mit that DWilt to beaiD to 

create ao ociqp1ez au ~zat1aa, ad ~ to talm aWpl 1D tbat 

41rect1cm. v1thout tbD OOOI41l"&tian ot the Q1m. ~ • .A. -1.1. group Of acm 

1Dtan4ec1 to :ram. the :nuokua ot a Ol'ntanal.Jt1o arsamaat1m 1D. tm ev&"t or 

var wu, tbiu:e:rore, Sl't• 1Datnot1cm., 8114 a l1'bi'U7 ot teolm1ca1 boalm llD4 

other ret&naoe •ter:lal. na dneJ.o»ed.. 

Snm. met1Dp ot 'filK\ Cclddaa1cm nre llel4 at 1ntc'Tals 'botnca. 

14 lfa.1" 1912 8114 16 J'Ull8 1914. A p:aotice GD1'01• hol4 m April. - liQ" 1914 

llhonc1. SL'B.t1fJ"1ns reaul.tll :tar the tr&Sn1118 wbioh W. been giVOD OYe-r thei 

;put 7eAr to the 1m4•"ns ~ta, but t1moe ,,.. & recogD1ze4 nn4 for 

1'9CZ'U1t1Dg llm'9. tn.1Deea. 

Jlur1ns th1a -t.me, aoc«'41Dg to ar» aamwhat m'b1tterecl accouut., tho 

:ro.reip At:fa1ra M:ln1at17 l..ad. nccoede41 :rolloil'1Dg ftl'1oua 1Do14tmta:11 1D 

outt1ng ott :t.raa the SflretAf OtJ:aaoa1e (Jateri.ar llinlatl"J') tho pr1Do1Jil&l 

aoaroe or 1ta -ter.1&1 :ror ·~· ~e lraY7 ~' vhos., :raclic;i ••l'Vice 

WU ~ the War De~t V1th PN010WI 4oolam.ta :ror .tw!T. -· 

wsea. to haft a apt01&l. K'Oticm, 'but lAok o:r 1J9NClllD91 prevcmtlMS. tt~• •1;ep. 

At tbi• point the out'brea!: ot DZ' a1te:N4 the :pictuzro. 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
:e. lb:tent Of Wart;im Co~gra..t:l.cn (193.4 - §JS) 

1. '?he if1nt EJ!;'h• 91. ll!!, var 

l11>Qll :mobll118tim the ccntro1 81:14 ~c a.nice wao ~- to begln :tmlot:tCll11ng. When apec1tio P>1B:lcal. quoaticma Jla4 11.1'1.eon, 

holreYer, Vith roapect to the aett!ns up of the ~:to OCl!ilit.te31 a 

cur1ou ap11"1t had been. macnmtm"ed.: tlMtre voal4 be :a.o V&rJ bea14sa, m 

oaee Of vai- no mornted telqrula voul4 be aant. 'Dms the u:latcDe oi~ 

the C~c Cam1:ttce ftl&1De4. :1n the reala of the ft6110• ~,ea 't"BS 

•carcel.7 cmm. an &VBND8BD of it.a e:datmce, ad, 1n 11111' case,, or its ck1gree 

Of prepe.rat1m. Whm var bZ'olce out, the rol.e Of the TR1ows 8f'OUl>B vaa to 

be u foll.ova: 

•• !'he eoreu (in the l':Ateriar ~t) voal4 41r&ct ee.peo1al.J3 

the mtend.D1eter1&1 teJ.egalahic cmtrol. a8l"Tice. (J:t was to tJJie aeeno;v 

tbat tba ~1c 8l'<1Q vu nnt ueiS'.GdJ 

b. tile War ~t voul4 cmcem :ttao1f' p.rtioular~ ~.th 

mcl10SNllf:1 ffta tho :ft.emt 11114 vou14 sf.Te ca the mans of tranalatiua tl.m. 

c. Die ll'ozteip .A:t.fa1ra ~' 1dd.ch pl'Cmiaed to :tumiah 

:peracaa.e1 fCll' MZ'l'ioe (a), Vcml4 aant1zme :tta :peaee"MllG vorlc. 

Dae teJ.esra;ph:tc cmtrol. aen:tco, J1olrneto, wu ~nae4 'l.ID4br t119 

4:lrect1an of P1l'BClllD91 Jmo1r1ns n.otb1ns about tba apec1&1 aert"1ce of IXqlitaJal.yaie am 1ta potmt1al. value. l>iaocatent onr 111•• Da81'9'nt or th£· 

aerT:lce llD1 :poor ut111u:b1Cn of their akilla le4 to the 41nppearaaoe 11i. 

a 'f• da1'8 of the ~t. tramK fCll' the ~10 c'811ttoa. 

8Cll8 wnt to .jom Ca:pt.am Giri.erga at QHQJ otmn to the ~tic 

aact1m of the llav, War, l".ntw1or, aa4 :Jalrei.f!Dll Att&1N llepl:l'tmmta. AU. 

tbe 111niat'l':l• set to 1Rlli':t llDd ach1encl cme:t4el"abla :re&Ul.ta, but laok C·f 

adeQ.mte ~'t1m lec1 to &mU>J'!DS 4el.erJ'8 :ln t.h9 receipt or d.ocuaum''8 

'IV' tba ~c aeot:tcma a.DI. prnente4 tm :r.wiA2ns of encrntetl. tft!ttio 

1n tbe vital 1'1rat mantba ot tbe var. 

2. ~ 11tmt1ca. !1! 1al§ 

l':a. Jul;r 1916 the aul:t1p11c1t7 ot •ep.r&te or.r:ptmaa1-J1;1c 

apao:les, V1th tba attcmnt n11a of 4uplicate4 ettort a4 1ndaquato 

11&1acn amms th•, 'beow the nb~eot ot a notef ireaumabl.1' ma1!&t1Ds 1~ lla.1ar G1v1cge at QBQ. 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
,. 'l 1 "-

Ile 11sto4 tb.e :roll.otrms ~ic serY"1ces tbeD. ezls~;mg: 

a. at l'mre1£n At:ra1NJ 

o. at ca,. wbm:'e 1.u t.bsaz7 tbe t&:lk or the uoct1cm ..... t.o -.ke 

:mp14Ja' a'lldlable to tbe I11tell1pnce Buroau 4eeJ:7.pt1am nacle with 1J1f1te!u 

aa4 b1'8 :foun4 'b7 the War ~•a Cl7lftaa.\yt1c aeoticm.,. but W.im•e, 1n 

~1oe, 1Dllar lla3ar G.l.rierp Jo1at atu41• nre 'being m4o ¥1th tlmi• mttet1cm.; 

. " . 4. 1zt. liLterior (Sliziro'W otmi.ral.a), ~, 1m4er 11. JJave::m-., ~ :pa.rtioulvl.J' caaoem94 40oulllia~ coll8oted tbroDm1 the poatal cc.ntl'o1; 4ocuilleilta oollecte4 througli the ;poatal. omtrol. particularJ.3 ven be:Lng 1rtu41o4,; 

_ •· at :tm •q vhe.N ~ na &DJ ch1efl.7 m the 41aoovorloa 

or tm Var ~t•a ~o 118Ct~. 

~o he ccu1clozre4 a •lllu:mBl. aituat1an. to ba a;pla.1.ne4 cml1' if~ 

dooumeatm could be str1ctl.'1 olaa111t1Gd acocard1n$ to tho service. &tneo, ho 

ol•illod, pmctice 9lwn 8U 1h a olua:lftoat.1m& to be far ft'CB »0:1e1b:1.e, tilCJZ'o 

vaa a dupllcat1cn o:r VOZ'k. 

Z1.e :l"oll.ov1Dg 11&1aGD11 G:d.ste4: 

- a. Colan.el Cvt1e1" (Var) ana. M. do Cource1 (:rore1sn A:r':fe'.ira) 

collAbomted.. 

b. Ma..1or G1Tierge (GKQ), 1eiore4 b7 J'oreip Attairs, oolla1>o-

:rate4 nth Colm.e1 Cartier, but vithou.t bems able to obt&:ln throus}l bim 

the ilae:f\111Dto:zmaticm. v1thhol.d 'bJ" J'are1p Atta:il"s. 

o. JI. Ba.Tenn at s1Jretcf CHn6ra1o vorked ab1mlt1te]J a;po.rt, 

JmuUq to Co1cm.e1 Cartier or MaJar G1T1erge certain codobooka 1n h.'!.11 

Dep1Ds, ara4. acarceJ.y •••1.'IJS tbm. ezcept cm thoee occas1cms to mcch1m{..e 

ame ezoapt10D&l. :1Df'omat1'ZL• Jl:la ab111t1eo wen then:l"~ poor.~ ut111:~e4. 

CJ.oae lJA1•cm. botvem the W2 and Jla'Q' c1epiloZ'tm&Dta eoe11 V1tboui> eQ:LDs 

81nce tho :tam_. :pzt0t'14ecl !teJ'll and. pro'bab]3 recmatructed codebooks f'or ·~ 

latterA 41'1'1a1an ~ labor had. been .as betnm tbe War and l'Gl'eiga. Ji.ttail!'B 

OZ7»tana1"1o •ecticma ao "the baa1• o:r 'the c1eat1mt1aa. encl oa11 a1sn• of 

mtel'Cepted •llllAP•• a 'blls1s aocn :l"OUD4 to be hi~ f'a111ble. l':A l91' 

the GB} cr.yptamJ.it1c ~' f'jzKHns 1t 1 ... e11>1e to secure b'an. J'oni91 

........ ~"'--"""Jf.,., ~- ~-b·-~~tu'J'. vhiab to t.11e1r N118U'1h, ~ to 18D01"9 t11e asr• wmt ad 'DD.4m."-

talce the •tud.v or aU teleflN1118 J."OC81Te4 vlMm the1r 41;ploat1o mtuJ.~ waa 

\ 

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not ~ate1-v' appa:rcm.to 'lhese were cCWJUD1cated to 'the War Depu-tmon.t. 

~. 

~ 

Sn Jull' 1916, it vu :pointed Ollt that a a1Dgle radiogram 311Sbt llet 

tbne taos: crce at OllQ, aace at the War ~t, ml once at 

tm J'oreip. .A;ff'a1zta M1Diat.17. It ¥&'! aam.ttted, however, that auch c OCCU1"-

:rence vae f'a1rl1' raro Sn f'act. 

There 1'1111 arerlappin£. alao beb\lz the ~ 8D!. l'a'Q'. The Jat·ter hl4 

created a service, a;ppaz~.t.11' to &TOid 4eptmA1Ds u;pcn tb" Oftft-ozbl lamy 

sect1an, for the 4ecrnt10D of 4ocumnts of 1nteftat ~to 1t, ;rst tbe 

AZTIJ7 111 ite sea.rah far c1&1l.J' lm79 watJ obliged to cmtimul the c1eo17.pt,.m 

or •v ra41csra-. Jforeo.t'81", Q1IQ vaa decrnt1D8 ame ~ thoeo rela.~-ns to 

utemoo1og and zeppeUm and vu aJJll'dD'DS that. all. 

'· Iba ~t1gp proporE4 !!!! f!il.uref 1916-17. 

l>1aeat1afte4 with We Btate ot attalra, tho ABl3 epolntRJm JIZ'OP0884 ooJJabomt1cm "to avoid :b&Tins tbe .._ tel.egnm ~ tJ;re~ 

t!mee, Jlllv1DS tJ1e ..., stwb' -.4tt 111 eneral place• v1thm.1t the 41acovor.Loo 

ot cma bmt.n.t1Dg tho otbel", hav1DS ~. wh1ch ~t f'ao11.1tato t.he 

nconr.r ot • 1lll1m.Cnm cede ar mc1pl1.e1111m't ~1nsns \1111.1Ded 1n ano-""-whEr 

aeatiaa.•. • · 

After ftZ'llt ft'JNDSnsng the alternr.t1Te ot ozreat!Dg a eiDgle can~ 1> 

ozintol.OQlo ~u, vld.ch he tem"ied 111ght becme the mcmpol.J or CDO r!in:ta .. 

ter1&l. ~t to the 4et.zoiltmt of the otHra, he Z'eCClliilGrDde ~ie llb;781-

ca1 8ep&1!'8.t1m ot the clittel'eilt 1101'9'1008 vi:th eem11m, CK.1UD1•te col:la1'mut1m 

lf'ithout Z"elltll'V'&ticma n. ~.... cal.laboro.tim voul4 take tho f'cma or l'f)gl•la:-~ 

_.t1ne,8 

~ 

of the h8ada ot t!le ~o aerrioaa, 8Dl1. 1:f' D8e4 bo,. ot ·the 

t.b.eMelws, to 41vic1e up the talllm mad to emlMmgo rsm-Jm. 

Such ccm~ta voul4 acqua:l"!lt -.ch ael"V'1ce with the pro"blalo, D.eoda, and 

act1v1Uea ot tbe othen, an4 vouJ4 w..able thm to ahare ~om 

1Df'cmat1tn ot valua to -.1Sh otbor. 

8cm- t1m later, pres:x.b]1' 111 l&te l916 or ear~ 1917. a aeetji.ng 081 led bJ the •V1: Jlln1~ took place at the roreip A:mt.1ra JU.niatry 1 

under tbe ~.b&1imiuihtu ot K .. 41 lfm.eger:1e1 ita 41rector ot Political. 11.ffail~ ""-

& 41pl.cmLt:a.•J seaiazre 1D1ml-1e4, 4aulrtlr••• to glve the J'm.>e:tp Aff'a11•• Da])Artment a SlWlter aaae ot l'e.Jl)Cl3811>111~ 1n tba •tter ~ c~1c 00° 

~ 

opm1.t~ .. 'l!b.1• more tell Wide ot 1tn lllirJr:, honYer, tor a1thoup ,,t wao 

zrecop1ae4 t!a't it vwl4 be ac1.T111&ble to br1Dg abOllt ottoct:S.ve 

coC>ptl'&ticn or the crntan~1c em:Ticaa ot the Anq, Jfl.'1'7, aaL'1 J'01•18'1 

Attain ~' H. 4e Harser;tn ~ mcle :reaervat1c:ms with reapoot 

to tbe atw.11' ot toreiaD d1pl.aat5.o 81B'tms ftlah he cam1dorecl •hal1?4 be 

ezolull:l.Te]1' Jnnd1ec1b7tbe111niotr.r o'£ J'are1p Attain. •o nsPBt,.cm vua 

a4e at tbe mot1Dg as .to the -.zme.r ot ach1ev1Dg the c1M1zaed 0001J811&t1cno 

J:t vu mrol.7 aeo14e4 that the C17,Ptem]3tio •errice hea4a ar the tbl'G" 

a. 'iote au •uJet 4u sen1oe ie'*&cittttz mat •:. a6 JuJ.7 i9i6 p. :ta:ii 

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• 

TQA' SE@El\~~DE mlnioter.1.a.J. ~'fl Wfml.4 JllOO·t Jler1od1~ ~-cr~1 bT •· de a"'JrOeJ.1 

l1ea4 ~ tl» Crn>ta'rlfll.7t1c Servico at :ro.ro'-P .A.ftaira. 

~ r.iuch •et1DSB to.l1c plaoo at vhiah, 1n tm op1D1.cm. oZ the \'a:r l>opart•• 

mnt•a N"~tive (pmaunab,3 Colcmtt1 Cartie), no useful reauJ.:ta voro 

obtaS.Dec!lo ..,._ h1s att-e to col.1.abonte 'IV ocmmn1catil!g all ~-pt1cms to 

the :ro.re1gtl AffB1N an4 :&'lV eeat1au vaa 'tum!4 dam. lie ocn,pl.a1D.Kl that 

at the moaaA •et!D8 M. de Coarce1 ~ aabd ac:ao mf'cnat1m cimcmmns 

the :N4iotel.egm»hio llel'V1co, thm in~ the varlc of tbree c.meara, 

cm ot Wc:a (pl"Obabl8 111.4'«>.r G1T1orp) Jla4 oan tftll. CHA, a11 a mtt(~ vhS.ch 

wu not 1n tboir pro91nee. He tJDt m: 

•At tlli• &IUD aosaicn, the m'fal ::NJlil'G8mLtAt1ve11 

C• ;;14er Jriocour\ propoad. bzo1Dg1.zle to the :tol.l.otf:l.Ds 

Je08t1Ds an .Aaarioan. mo1pred aoc1e to ahc1V 1't to ta 

OCIBl•S.m. ~· 1• rmam to mlft'e1 at aoo!Dg, a 

.!al! st WllZ', t.218 poat:pcmamnt to - ~tg c!ate ~the eTD1•t1m o£ A quat1m or tbia nature. !rhiia 

•i'oJlalr1Ds• metins has DOt J91; t.&1-l. place." . Ja.., 11J.e cm.tNliznt:lc:n J!'Ol)0!!1 !E the scscuri!.1 !£:\!!Y. - ~SI· 

Colme1 Cart!or, call.:blg rnmb. metiDSI uaelna am a w.ste <•f 

tSme, ou't;l'ud the 'ball1• ~what l'J8 cam1cle1-ad a reaJl1' eftect1To col.18l!O• 

:rat1m ~ tm ~a aeniceei U4. thD wzmar ~ ach1fft'1Ds 11.. Ira 

p.roteated tbat there 1• not a. JIU1ta.17 ~1• and a 41plmat.1o ~111 but t.bat ~c probl.alll &N pqeral\y +..b!J ae.a• wbatner aq-. be~ Glllb"90t •'bter. Withollt ccme1c1sr1Dg it~· to 

bZ'1Ds ~ a11 the 4:1.tterent aeet1cms to me 11Q1'k111g plac1J1 he nevei._ 

theleaa «q,1hao1ze4 tbiat "a a1DsJ,o acbl1D1stznt1on 1• abaolutct~ meta~ 

to omtml.lu the Z'8Ce1Jrt; o:r all mczn>tec1 4oct2119D.t.a :tm" •tu4.T, to blm41.e 

the 41'9'1a1cn amras the 41ttormt ll80t1cm, to :rollov tb8 warlc ot ee.ch 

group llDd to em'bla each r4 tlle11e to beneftt :trca the reaults o'b1'.IWJ84 

·~"Cl 

flieao 1aeaa, al.thouah 1Df'anall1' approved b7 Mll1ra1 Iaoue, l"aT.r 

HlD1ater, llQ' :f'&Ualr 1llltU m !Do148Dt o:t a 1eU to the »1'88• in Octobei• 

JS17 8il"OIWOd CCDOGl"A :SD Jij.per ecbelma a4 el.1c1te4 pl'OllOS&ls :f'J:'al\ the 

Anv''• Ocmara1 Statt to ti&htma crn~o eeom.~1't1': 

(1) ~o rec1.ur..e to !Jn! the zmabe1- o:r cO;p1ea of ~tad 

a.-et l"E41C..- 41atr1'bute4 -- all Y1tbm the War ~J 

(2) ~ pil"&pbzue U1111•gea 'bems ocwmm.1 catoa. tf.71! :1nfarn1;1cn.; 

(') To Ocm1tm1c&te 8DOZ"lllteil texta ccw1ng f1"aa tbe Ver 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
l>opr~t •o intercept. services to !2 cr-nt~ic aorv1oe aZ the othor 

MiD.i.::JtGl•.lal Dspal'taents • 

Colan.Gl. Cart1e, cCE11mtins on thcD$ prop>cala, which wre foe tho 

moat :PQ.11; a rotreat :fr<9a non t.he sm&l.J. 4.egree ~ oollabm'&t1an that hl\d 

boon Go :p.."t:ini'tll:J3 won,, "Ghrovo 11&tit an the &tgoe of coo,peratian realized 

by tho War De;pa.rtmont at that timf 

(l) Fivo aopios ot t.hct mdiograu in queat1an wre being 

rcsgu:!Arly d!otributed within tho War Do:r;art&-nt an4 1n. acl41t1on tbo:;,e ot 

special in~~04"015t to th.om wore bo1ng ca1•1rnmcated roo:poctivel:f to the P:L~m1r- a 

oftioo, to lPQ1'81@'1 Aff'aire1 and to the~ n:,...__-y. ~~1 tbl't1er llU8{le.Gted 

tllat thoco rec1p1.aa·Ga a~ 'iio conauJ.tod beforo bctinS droppod frcm. tt.o dia~"1bu:\iion 11mt. 

(2) Jfe egrsed to tho pro:i>ooel. thct originals be rcJ.')lc.cct1. ~:J 

»U'&»bre.oon but te1t tbat tho lf'Ork :rmst be do.no v1 thin tho or;-;pte.w.l:;t.:. c 

eeotian. 

(') S1noo the 'U11.r Dc~t•a mtercept sattice was l."'eSl~'JJ' 

:tum1sh1ng tho lfaq and :Jai:te1sti Atta:lra ~c servicea with inter·· 

ce:pta ot epocial !ntGreat to thGa,, Col.m!.el Car~ier ;proteato4. that thq 

cOL1l4 Ddli bo cut ott without a prvrious m;~at•"1ns. 

~c Cl.'ia1a attmc4ecl Colcu1 Cart4.e the oppartamitJ' to ~ a hee.r1ng 

for his om thGOr7 ~ an 1nM1•Q3 ater1&1 ott101 g! tho crnt.ana:1S2 

a<irv1coe, e.na. he loat no t1m 1n ;proacmt:1Dg 1ta a4vaatapa, with eapbaaio 

cm ee.:ln1ng tha mxhma ettic1mm7 f'l'an the various ~1c serYiceo 

w1 th a m.n:tm11. de.tlsor or escuri tJ' l.e&'1!"s. He ment his Jll'OllOIJa4 reargamza., 

tian pl;m.a to !Jia om su;periara (the Arl:q' Oen.eza1 Statt), to J'ore1p Atta.:1.1,., ~e ::fnvJ' and the Office of the P.r:s.lior. 

. 5. ~ !£1UJIV8!. .2' 9_mt.r~~!Y!m - wlB - . 

:£bat ho a.Ch1oved his pur_poae during the lset yee.l. .. oz tho war ia 

fairl3 apparent f:."'(D. thtt follow:tns bi·~s of. ev-ldence: 

(1) A~ :f'l'cD tho ADQ' Gezt.sraJ. ata..f:t in ltovCI:.bor 191'{ 

preaente "m> ob3ect1amJ" to the proposed 1•eorE§Ulizat1an (wi'th l"c::..cr:-'-\t~.c.1:·;=· 

hOYEJV'OZ"1 en tho reference to a Gsn.&1'91 otfice or Intolligenoo Sarvicoo). 

. · (2) la. answer to quones en 2Js. October 1917, " Jlovmbe>r 29:1.7 

a."14 S Jam7A'l7 J9J.8, the :bMCl Of the .\nQ' J>ewd.m l5urea.u 118 intercept 

servicos assures Colane1 Cartier an 1" Jamz&1'7 l918 that hla aeaticn al.cDl 

-. 

. 31 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
will raa~ive all mlCZ';r.ptGd documents :Intercepted, since that ia "the onlif 

cne qm2:!.f5.ed to he.ndl.o tho dec17,Pti:r:tg of theta". W• aoul4 o1.sn1ty a rotreo:~ from the ap1rit of collabora.t:ton, but it ia 11.m'e p.~'bab~ a move 

towrd cmtmlize4 0911t1"011 v1th ·tho A;nv aa the cen.tl'll11s1Dg agea07. 

Colonel. Car.-t1e:r, 1n tht.t 8 Ja11UL\17 l9J.8 letter, had declarecl to the interoept 

aerricos: 

"It is obvious that it io 1Dlispmaable to central:lze 

:!.n the CryptanaJ"1i1c Ssctica. the ~ ~ all th& 8DC1.7Ptf4 

dooi:l.mGD.ts or to l.ce.Te it 1JiP to th1a Sectidn to seek vhataver 

Q.'OOlltiod hGlp 18 DltOOBSCU:O.V • ?'!'~!-' ULt10J?: 1B JD Stoismty ~ tho J!l.!\~~V- ~~th l!14 RiD1aw S:t !,ors~ Af!'aira sP :Yli Bal:z". · 

(') That tl2D ArJ113 Crn>tim..-ilytio Soct1cm. rocoiTt>d c1"yp·i;oe1·am.1 

1nteroeptod b;v otllOl" ago13.0ies as well, and tmt it aotod as a cc·ntl·~l 

~ic, coordinatiDS# C!nd distl•ibutinS agmioy n..v bo :'!.!:.pl~ C'C. f::.·c..r.: 

later cc::encm;ts. l'z1 a 0}>8CICh bofat.,e tho post-'ff&l.'" 11.IJOtitt.,g ot tho !ntc:"t·::r:.:J.:.-

t92'1al. Ol:13J(i;anaJ..Ttic Cc:amiasiClll 1n .A:pr11 19221 Lt. Co1. Givi.ergo re>vic-:·cu 

the imrt1frr..a tr:l~ of the ~c fJeoticm. of the War Depart:z:ont; 

notms that: 

Ill a lettor or October J.922~ refe.ronce 18 matle to tbo pl."C!lC!:<'.'. 01·r:n ~ 

llliazre of tho 02"J]i)~1o vcrk which vu dano b7 tho Ams Cey-9tcr.aJ.r ... :.i.c 

SGl'V'ice 4u1"1i:28 tbs ~ aD4 "t.11e he]» t,JJD.t it tu.m111hod p:n·ticulorly to 

J'oroisn Attairs m the 41ac0V'e17 or qatms &124 tho cCl'IDUD1cf.\t1on of ocdcboob 1"0Camitzouote4 at the War Departa&nt", 

(4) Wh.Greu SIL Ootobozi 1917 Colcme1 Cartiar !HMS. atat.o.. "Ko 

1nt:l•te l1IL1acm. has bac eatablillbed ms the ~10 aanicea or 

·TOP SECRET SUEDE 
tho vn~~ .. :to.is Mim.st!'!l!la poeot1s1n-g t'Ma: JroroigD. Affa1rs, War., lfav.y, Int~rior 

(Stb.~~t.S G!c.6:ra.J..e),," an 20 Docemilm.~ l9l8 he up~ ot K. lle:m1tte1 01L"'1"6:tt 

hoa<l or ·t:10 ccypten:lJ.3tic Sorvioe or th& :rare191 Atta1ru IU.nS.atr.r u a nn 1

iv1·th trl~cm I havo collabora.tec:\ 1nt~.mto]3. 11 

Th~ J~9J.8 period cam there:l'cro ·to be re_gardc4. ::1n tho poat-·uar ~ra of 

ft'1.tatr1.'l.t~c;.1 aa tho Col&m. AWJ o'f orr,9t.,..ua..-qtic aocpor.ltion. At the post .. 

war maot~iiz o:l' the I!ltO?m:I.nicrter1a3. Cl.~ogre.ph1c CcaniL"Juion :ln 1922 Lt.. Col. 

G1v1srse ' :i:•epQ..'l"ted tmt t.ha tirar Dcp:~rtmont •o Oi .. yptaneJ¥t1o Burcci.u. in tho 

manth o:r J~ l9J.8.> :l'or GXeS:.Pio, dco?.TJ?tcd net\l'l;y 1000 political. o:... h:tshl.3' 

1nf'ozm.tive tel.cGt"ml!B, not to ~11tioa huntlreda of racl1.ogams fl"'< n ·i;ho 

Cl'W'IJ@nd at tho front,, ca;.v.u.llications from su.l.'inlar1nes end t'J:'CQ rlrr:rc. 

Co !oat.war DeclinJ iJ!._ Co;y,J>~~~~l,g~) 

Mt0r the 1ml" the Sfire·~6, and ~ ·lfav; a.Di w&r ~t.~ con"G:'.nud to 

collal>Ol'Q.to ~ betora., but tho J'o.rdan ~ aect1cm, after colloct1DS 

fra:4 th<t otl1or d.eps.rtmmto all. the cJQoumenta tbat it ccm.Dide.1.'04 "cl1pl.an't1c ", 

reft!ccll &l\Y k1J&d ·o:l' collaboration. Repeated 'b!.lt vain attempts nra mde b;y 

the p~anni~ optirliatio hee.dai o1' tho War l>opl.rtmm.t•a ~ic 

~oat.ion, firot Col.Cmal Cal'tior and Jn.tor L1.eut..Col.olm1 G1v1erge. 

Izi pecanbor §.~1 eeo~ thi, :reoent war-Um colla'bcirsticm in &mpr 

of :ro.D:~.l:?g apvt 1fi th the tranator o?. M. llm'ld.tte, V1Lo hs4 bea. head ot ·(JM 

i'oreS.sn .#..f ie.irs C%7.Pi:anaJ¥t1c Soct1011, Oolan.e1 Cart10%" pro;poaed a cloaol;r 

lmit orE;?.n:'l.za-t1on.1 attached to 'tA..lie l'A"micr or to the '°reip Atta.ire 

Ministry: to :mmdle the o.r~1c work dUriDS tb.e period ot pe-2ce 

nogot1o;t1<moo 

£tl fJ.. ~~ ~ c ~ot~ frou .tiie Crntograph1c SectiCQ. of tho. t-1~· IU.matr".r ro.l3."t1vo to tho Cfa.i.).trelization o:r the C1"7Ptena\yt10 eo::.".·lcoa'' ~.-. o 

nlu:l tted. to i!:te Mim•te-r of H'crc1@'1 Afr~a far hie opinion by the ~: c :· · ~: ·, 

who iraS also MiDieter ot War. · 

.!?a .!!: J!!JUL,""Z ~ tho IU.Diste o-r Fo1"'c1s,u Affairs, mitlo pro~at~.nJ 

that 'B.v ~t l1al'.J eapso1a.1JJ cl:ar1ng the laat few 1"8a?"S1 givm its. e: .::te:1-

t1cm. to ost.ablisJWls mcroa-~~ close contact bewecm. its 0Z7Pt~1 1 

aervic0 cm'!. that of the Wu !Un1str71

' 8Dil0Uil.01111 tba.t 

'Wa3or 1Da1mlo1mta.bla reeaama of au 1Dtel'ml nature 8Dd ot 

pr1Do1ple., hannr., at&Dl :1n tho vq of the ado»t1GD of the 

CCl!IJlus1cms 

services~ Gd 

:preasntecl 

tb8 ar~nta 

ft>r a 

ot 

caa.CEllt..1:at1m 

w.rt1m cmmot, 

of the 

1D 

~c 

IQ' Op1Q.'\m, 

bo 1nvoked 1n. tim ot peace :r'Ol' t:be ~o1D1Dg -~ a1JB1lar e«rZ'V'1cea 

which hmco~ :tnw to occupy tbe&aelves nth tuts ot qU1te 

cU.fferont character wbich are of in't&l:'eat to our ft8lJ8Ct1ve De~""'"1Dmlta ". . 

'' 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
As 1on.g eo the Prem.or ns also Min:t.stor ~ Weit the Qua1 4 •Oro~ 

ccrmunioa.tod eQJ!.9 deernitions mde ~· 1 ta Sorvices ( "srecm cloct!Dmto •) 

to tho Wa::.. D!>;pnr"'WMnt'a C1~t1c: Serv1.oo. l!1 J!D'1JP!7 ~ hovev8l•1 

wbm Po:i.u<}(!i·d be~ Prmier em.d. .Hmf.et~ og J'mto~ .A:ttain, J!e ord91'611 

them> ccn:;mnia~t1on11 to ceauG,, but on tho othor hand ho :lno:lated tlmt the 

We.r Do:pe:..•·a.:.C!lt and the Silntd' Gdn6..."'3le cOlfiilllmaate all deorJ':pt10DD to tllo 

:rcra1SJ. M'fai1"0 &!i"Vicc. (According to I4onteJl!m.t-Colcm1Jl G1T1erse, tho 

Y.ar W.U:istry•a Ci"n:rtmmlyt1c Sel'V1ce tXV:J doornt:tns notb!ns e.t tho time .. 

Th.a onl7 ligh'G throtm. 04 tJJ.o rcaaacn1 f'Ol."' thin state ot Gtte.:!.ra is: 

(1) li'.111 cC1'4PlB:lnt thut intoreopt st.at1ona ~roro etil.}. bu.By 

p1ck1Dg up ~ or Busaian d1:plm:.at1c co!'!'Gspm.c\enco tor FOl•oien r~7-;~.:'!."c -

tkcrn>tiCXlS ot which vero nov&r cClUl.Unioatol .. to the V.ar Dapar~·r.i.t --

mstee.d a!: v01•Jd.ns on tho 1ntercoption of' other Buropean stationo 'til':.:~ch 

would be of more intaraot to his Sonico. 

(2) Tho cCiDC8llt tlJat the cn'lJ}t.anaJ..yats :require texts 

mcr.vpted nth outt'ioicmtl;r e1mpl.e IQDt<BlS e·.o that tm7 can be 11tud1od 

fl•u1tful.ly undor th<t pe&cetim candit1cas or lisht trattic, good enm.»tel'1l 

and fec.r E)!'.rbled te1ograms.) 

~ l!; ?e'bruar;r ~·tbe K1Diater ot War, K. Maslaot. wrote to K. Po1D.Ct~4, 

pointiu.g 0\1t the •ortanoe ot ccmt:1Du1ng tJl.e c,_,m1 aat1m o-r cert&:il:L 

deOrJI>t1ons, and aek1ng that the · 4oo1a1m to ha1t then be reccas14erod.. 

(T:'1is reqt~cBt was 1811Dl'ad). Ke also bl:'ou8ht up cm.ca ~ the med ror mm.~ 

m·t1me.t0 collabo:rat1on emrmg the ~:lo aon1cos ot the two DelJU't-o 

U?J.te, an~ invited tho Fore1sn Atta.ira ~at17 to pa.rt:1cipate in tho wark 

ot the Inte1-ministor1a..1. C~ic CCl!lldsa1cm., DOW bein8 :rev1Tfl4 ~or tho 

firot t:lm.o eiuce l9llf.. Ke cmm. otter.m to at~ 'With J'aro1p .Attairl.'J a 

roorgal1-1.zat:!.on of the batl1' cmd ·the e.ttacb:l.ng ot it to the Ottioo ot Sorvicua 

of the llteho:r COUUP:!1 'for lht1ma1 Ds:rcmse (l>1root1on deo Sorv1.cea du ConsE·il 

6uper1cur de la DdtmuJo Jfat1cm£J.6) UD1lor the Ot.fico ot tho Prem.er. Citine 

tho Foro1e,n i\ftairs Miniater•s note o't two 7sars prni~ely, 4 J&nl.'\G.ry 1920, 

M. lfasinot geee an to ~: · 

nI vill. aak J'Oll to be ldDd cnougb to inquire into ~:?.'\c.t~1c-1• 1 without apeo.ld.ns o-r cCD.Cmi1znt1on of th& ol7P'tanalyt1o oai1

·:icoa, 

thore might not 'bo reasm to atreust1um collab0l1e.t1cn mcng 

thu 1n a pN.Ct!aal. ,,,,..,. , 1Dstead ~ rs-eat&\bl1ah1ng vatGrt.1sht c~-bmu.ta, the 41UKtw;ntapa ot 'ld:doh 70l.l 7CU1'1Sel:f' 1D4ioe.ted 

1D. the abOTct-B!mt:lcmad 41ap&tcJ1. ne qm11t1m ot tO%t8 'o.t Vffq 

41.fi"erent olaaaes • .cmmot 1n t'aot be uae:full3 aot forth tiheu 

vbat is a't 1aeua 1• not 'tibo ozplo1tat1cm Of the ccm.t&nt ot 

f'ore1gn wle~ but the d1ocavor,y ~ their ke7s: m .1'ac1; the 

addresaos 4o not neen Tm::'I' au.ch with :respeot to the :ra'Sl a44r.eaaec 

(the ti-ar oloarl1" llhawed th1a) llZl4 mt111t bu bee :possible to 

l'ea4 a telesra., 1te cantet 1s not Jmown f'or thD PDZ'»OB• ~ 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 

" 
TOj1 SE@ll~ BU§DE 

"...otm."lil:tning which Dc1nr tmGnt :t t concerns. llow e.t presunt J 

as bef'o.re tha war, i'or .la.ok of an over-all. directim or e.n 

UDAorataudiDB amons 'l;he chiefs of' tho C1ntoJ.ostc Sorvices, 

1t ie easy to -grcRs ·t!Jat certaiD. •WriaJ.11 vh1Ch reach a 

Ministry, throug'h ·the !ntoll1gene& Servico 1 ta.r 8ZllYJl)le 1 r6:HUW1 mt.uHxl, without a nmous etf'ort•a bems JlllM1e to 

got out of them e.lJ. they far.L 71•l41 ainae the a'IC1•torlce ot 

the noodocl' tozts or o-r cc:tplmmn'ttlz7 1utcxr•t1an 1a not 

e.lways well lm.Otm. to the uEl?'V'ico tbat holds these mter1als. • 

When no rop]¥ tfas rece1vod to this noto,. U.eu.ter.umt-Colanel:G1T1erea, 

under prcto:rt; o-r rccov8l'1DS a J.o:mo1l codGbook, asnt an ott1ce m Me.rah ~ 

to aae M. Bertea:m:, head of ·IihB :roi•c :tgn. Attaira C17ptanalJ1;1c Sootion, to 

lflarn tho :;.•oe.otiono J1e learned 'i;b/l-'v the lo·tter had not been VOll l'GlCe1TCd 

at the Jroroign .Ati'&!l'a Ministry. I~, .Poince..J."d' had fomall.1' ordered that thol"a 

be no cr.:m:man1cat1on of deoryptiona 1 \'om P'o:re:tsn A:L'fail"'D_, and 2{3rcod. only to 

the CO.U.EJi&iretton of roo1JiU."OCal c01:J.. 'U'l.ica:tion of certain :t.~fo;.""r:r.~t:.i.on cc1~­

ce2'D1J26 t.1!e radiosrsma. 

At this ,.1lmoturo 1t 1ras decickid t..o rov1Te tho Interm1n1ot"::ic.l C:·:..-:: .. :.-

anal.yt1c ccmm.ss1on tr1tlxnlt tl?o J'oro:J.a,u A..'i:'x"'e.1ra IU.n1stry, a.a 1n :pl•o ... ~rur 

da3&1 and t.b.e nrat (ma. last) :post-war moot1Dg as held on iQ Aprg ~{ 

UD4ar the cba.1.1'.la'lship ot Gen&\"a&l. Hergault,, Ass1atmlt Chio:r Of the Ar1q 

GcQr.mil Statt. lt 1110lv..ded roJrr.osmtat1vos ot the War, •v,, and Intor1Jr M:in1stl"iea~ lfl!iCh Vere already (,{)lJ.&bar&titJS 1D cr.vPtal!eJ~io vork, a, ot 

colon1ea and tba P.!r.'1'., vhoEo interest and coopemt1on. were 4oe1rQd. '.f.~e 

ch1c:r pul"poBOS ot the :meot:t.na Wei'fU 

(1) !!o &chitn'G COJ.laboi,t1cm' amang tbe OZ7.Ptamlit1C 8C'T109SJ 

(2) 'l'o exert a ccmmm. action 'Re~ aaamibl1ns ana. 01W111:l-

:f';ying of material.s far work lm4 the tra~.ng of :n8W ~tBJ 

(') 'l'o s~ tba ;possible use of ratio stations in tbo 

colo11iso and 1n Yranoo to aeelt ~OZ"St1"1• aamo Of vh!oh vould be of m..::.Gdi .. ate :inpar'i:;ano1>J 

(4) ~ call. tho attentian aZ tho Hin1stz.7 of Colon1oo to t:!c 

1m:,port.ance of Snfamo.t1on that it mp·t obt.a:ln :tram a. cr,r.ptcr..al;:~ic cc : .. .-.:c:c. 

(Both Colon1e11 8ild P.!e.To V&l'O Ul."884 to dOTol.op ouch e. 301•v.lcc .:.~1 ~:!O pnoral 1ntclt'est,, ~Cir! thfJl!aelTea as 1t--oll a.s the !rational de:i"cm:c} • 

1'10 mcetms led to 1"'8aolut10!lfl to ce.ll. tho attention o'! tho M:.~n:l.st1·:~co 

cance:m.oa. to 

(1) tho 1Jlpartazaoe ot tbs cr~1o aornce ma. tbe c0:1ld>oratian moesS&J:7 for the proper f'mlottomns ~ that aenice,, and. 

'' 

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TOj? SE~JW11 8"lltjDE 

(2) tha ~CEISDity O'S: c~eQ.'!..").rt'l..i:oe; O?'JPtoe;raplliC :::c.c:.::.·.t~· 

thraus'd strict si.""illcd supe:.--viaion over the construction a.:nd uno of coC.co 

a:Jtl enci].lb.mm:mta.• 

It was thorot'~ roqueoted that tho 'V'Zk~ous Ministries eBtabliab. en 1nter·· 

Dil'listel"ia!. tm.dM""a~ v.t.th :reapeot to ~ic collabaratioa.1 mt 

it vari'"?iiiiher rscaanaded tl:lat fn'eraWns tO do with orntosrallh1Da of 

moaoer-;es, and tho ccnatruot:S.cm. ot Ghe domm:ants tma. atu41eP oarmcctocl with 

· thcae J,1'0Cedures, 'be ta1tm oare of v11ihln each IU.td.atr,r bi'· & ezetosr.tl!Mf. ~t. 

la: s,htf.·Bk: £!! !: aop.motg,~ e,;ypte.iW_m. \UDJ.7 a't ~ war »e~1i a"t; "tilU.a 

timo li"crc tho ~pbic 8114. draptaml1t1c l!lervicea canb:ID84 mHlor one 

heed :1n ~o "Sorricct du cbi:f'fre 8 ) '; 

Thcl:e rcco.lutiona attOr a al1sb,t tl.Dr.r7 of mtereet were cnoe Jlm'O 

alJ.or.rc.d to gather dust,, u.d no"thiDg m>l'G was llee.r4 or tho l'atendn1oter1&3~ 

C1·r,:;t~11ll1y :;10 QCl!ej_ss:ton. 

5! ~ ~ r .. t. Col. Giviergo, ex&SJ;IC!l!'atod b;r the ezelue1'V'O bclla.v1or 

ot the J'orelsn Atfairo IUDistry., ~"!lioh b;r depr1v1ng his oectian of "Uccful 

intercopte az:d ~o:mation. tm.e D"e:a.t:l.J' hlup3J'ins mJ7 ottective ~roi"k or 

tJ.•a1D1tig l!rOGE'U,, wont so tar as to mJSSest that :ro.r"ien Attah·s to.ko eve::: 

m111tai•y aud ns.val ot\141GB 1tsol:f' er..d :!.'1 timo of war tm-n over it::: t:i..·a.:i.r..ct' 

:pencmm!. to the War Dt.9pat"tmm.t. 

,2!! 16 DecE!lber B!! the IU.niet91• of Wa:t" Jmd.e anothm.• att<:ttpt, iihioh 

:prove4 ft'Uitleeo,, to rosuee the callabora.t10D. plan mider tho e.oop:i.cas of tr.o 

PmmmCiit Clemral. Secretviat ~ t!Ja H1sbJn' Coun.oU or Ket10J:Dl Det&llB"• 

!S gz !!z ~ 11. Pa1nlavG",, lTeeier aml. M.tn1ater or War, ami't a letter 

to tho Kim.ate ot J'oroign Atta1ra aaldDS for e.Z'Dbeops Of rieva amons the 

h£.e.4a ~ thB ~10 serviooa ot tbs J>eplrtmm:ts ot Var, tho l'av,, 

the Iutorior &DI. J'are1gn AttG1rs to oee:t m.tnm ot oollabal'e.t1m.. "1tmt 

vu no ro-gl;f to this letter~ 

~ !!: October ~ the p.ropoaa1 .a.. b7 Colano1 01'1'1erae to cmtral.11s 

_tho cClllililm1caticms 1Dtol.l.ipice aenicBa unlior tb8 Ottioo Of the Prand.er waa 

celled an "intereatinS IJl!BS'Stim" but it oanre to n.oth.1.nso 

S Q9.!9lt'!~ ml 1t wam ~ovealed tb&t al.thouah War-1&17 collAbor~t1an 

na still c2.ose and fl."uitfUi., l.1a111an nth Bilrotl Gtinerale at tll8 Intsrlor 

M:inist:q bed oc;aecd. w1tab. tho retireJlm't of M. Jlaver.mr.. Smco 'o Octobs!, l:J'O 

aU encrn>tcd tcm;s or all. or1g1m.J 17£4 'beoaRO ccm.tralizsd t~ the !nto.13.1-:o 

gcnce Section, Dewd.&m Bureau, mad t.ho War Depll'tmnt •o Cry;ptSl'l..alyt:io C:ccticm. waa recG1virJ6 cml3 memmps boa.rillg 'Milita.?7 Atta.ch&" oi~ ''m:.:.·" in ",;i: ·; •• 

hca41D@i.. lbrshal.Ung all the old G'gun:.e.ntn ~st thio 3i.1.porflc::.r-.1 ~-~t: 

ir1acCUl'&te DOthod ~ detez'lll1D.1ng the Dop.r'i.nc-1.1t 1ntoreatcd. in a. c;iscn 

crnrtosram, the C27,ptanalJt1,c Soct1on ;propoaod a now e.ttmpt to e.chlcvo 

resuJ,m• omtacta amQD.S the hendB ot tho vai'i0128 c~1.o co1vicos. 

a. Lo a~;f P. '2 =- _., 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
T Oj> SE 49l\E1fl6-Sl.-WD E 

On ~ .. '- 'll'te~,..,,1 ... ~ 'IQ~r:;. ... 1..a u1-" r• '"'"r on "Pc ... tr: T"'J." oy.~n· .. ·1 "'1"1 ·-· ~ · , ••. --- .... · .... ,- .:!'.2 ;.'£•' l?trL .:!;.~ w..;:....., &~L.uw'"' ..r.. - 1;1 'I \;I g.. .... J:!J: ""• __ ..... l_ ... 1,.. .... \,; ..... ... 

a n.C!IW tl.ao:a.•eQ td.(93.cd by t.'IJ.a P:rooida.1t o'1 tho f.opu.i>lic, crcct.ii5 :1S ~ :~ t!-_~.t 

Kinistry an Intemil11atsriaJ. Ccm:mi2sion 'dth purpooe al 11sm:t~~r~.1;.::: u.1~­

ques·ticms doa..U.Z...g 'Vith the aecm~1t;r af' thlJ trroiam1.soion ot COJ:'l'Ocponc;.imc;o II a 

(This rather vcguol;J' 11~ pu:l."})OD·:> RB expl&\1Ued :Lu a COVQ1.•1ng lottc.r 'by 

the Min1etor of Pl'l! to man the co::r.cdilmtiq ~ the ettarte of all t:he 

Yari.oue m~~ater16'. crn>tologic sorncee, •1112.lar to the pm:pomtt ~the 

Aofnnot Intem1Diatar1al C1'7Pt0e:"l'&:plJ1c Cam.tesion). '!his Cmmacs1ca, vi th 

ropro13ante.t1ves trc.m the K:lmstr1e.:J Ot Foreip..Atfa1ra, War, the •'91', Air, 

the Into1 .. 1ar,, Colm1e11, and l'J."!., ml4 cm 1B March JZ' a pare:Jtr t"OIBJ. 

metins tdi..ioh vas novcr tol.1an'G4 u;p. It vaa ~ as 1a'bo tint case, 

howover, ot f!ll1' ;pee.ootims cooperatim 1n thi• ftal4 co the plZ"t ~ t1w 

J'ore1g,n A.tta!rs H1n1stl7 • · 

D. Col!ebora.t:t9n ~ 

In l9'8 tho situation was as :tollon1 

(1) <>DJ.a' tbs Ministries of War and Of :rora1sn A...-Pfairs 

poacosecd argmizcd c17,P'tlma3¥fi1o °bm!'sn1ls, and tho one in tho letter Mi!l1ot?y 

(Sorvice c1oo 'fra."ft\ux Bem<ti..,,,-d'a) :ba.d c011tinued to roa1ot nl,. invi"..:r-.t:!.cr..::: .:~o 

col.lllbore.t$. (It mpt ~ noted hero, hmreYor, thc:t tho hcctl o::: t!::c .Cc:.·• .: .. :: 

Atta:!ra 91'Yptp£!ph1.2 Serrtce,, a Gellt\l'Bte un1t, had fro..1ue~·~ c.r:.cl fi•ic:·.c~ ! :· 

ccmtaota 1d.th the haada o:t tho c:cyptol.ogto sections 1n tho t-rm·,, !rr..vy, c.r.t. 

A1r H1n1etr1e11, eapooiall,y 1"~ tho c1o1nt atu.aa- o~ inventiono 11hich siuht 

DjproTG Cl'JP'toga:ph1ft8 mthoda)., 

(2) Dia ~tB ot WU'~ Air &l1d the •v were Vm'ki'DS 1D 

cJ.oee l.181mo.n. The Mr JUniatr.Y ws 3ust. "bo8'nn1ns the o.rgl!l1zat1c:m. ot ito 

aorv-lce. It ;poaaesaad train.ad pctZ'BODnel ~ 'b1' tb8 War De~..-~ 

&124. had :per.t'eot lia.1.eon with the latter, but 1t 414 not ;rat Jave 4ocacr"·.te 

-ror atu~. 9le •v Hlmstq', vhoae Z'Oflernt crntosrapb1o oft'iowa am 

same of whqao act.1.vo mm ve:.ro tr&ine4 b7 1illD War ~t•s ~1c 

Soctian.., poaeesaed :intercepts but Jaoke4 psrscmml. c&pt.bla o:t ·~ tbm 

cantiuuous17 ad :r.ru1 truJl7. 

(') Tho Hlnit1V7 t4 Col.onSea 414 not &l'JGU' to 'be mterea1.l!J4 

1n cr~1o, and tbe K1n1atz7 ot Pl'! l&oko4 the nooeaaar.r awma i"Ol.• 

provitins cont!nuoua f'.ruiti'ul ~"ic. 

(4) 'fhe M!n1etr7 or the I:nteiar ha4, in itn PhotO!Jl.'Clph1C 

So:rvice, an of:r.toial. tiho classified the 1nt~o;ptrs~ but J.e.oltod. tho llCt>.nf:: of 

08Z'l'71DS on euata1ned etwlies. 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
In Fc:.,r7··tl"'..ov ~8 tho A£""'1':tv Cmol"l::.l Staf l' was 'Fti•emmtcd iii th e 11.~~?1 fc·:· ................ r ... ~ .... ......, a ~ 

rogr01.'1.ping tho Cl.";YPtl!naly'tic seirv!corJ", whlch conoiated. i11 e1·cu;r:::n:; 

a<JJe1a1otra12rol~ a.ll tho u1ot:1ng aw."Vices e1thor unOer !!aticnnl l'cfcr:rc c:· 

und9Z' the Office 01' tl1e Pra!lier. It uas ve-cy lucidly :pointed out ~::~t :.: . .:. 

peacotmo l.'Ola of the c1 .. ;r~..alyt1c oorvices ws thrao .. fold: 

(1) to e.t~t to ro~ aur:;.•ant cmornitecl trGffic, 

(2) to prepn'tt ta'J! the flm.ot:tQl'rins or tho servicaa 1n WU'"ti.lfn 

(bJ' tl'Mntns ra&m'Vo persarmo1 and 4m"elop1Ds a t1mroush acqua1ntauce with 

the ol'Jl'P'togra.pbic practicaa Of the cmm.tr1ea of interest) and . . 

(') to cl1aok on tho eooar1't7 ot tm na1i1cmal orntosra.pl!io 

It 'Hus i":Oted that the llO:ro om.pl1cate4 aodem 0!7Ptogra}1bic teclm1quoa~ 

ec1:pcoi;:\lly ~e use ot aacb11J0s, re~u1ri) lone-term. :resoarch pro'1ects, no 

J.onge1 .. 'by -tndividue.l orn~sts, but by tel!lllB 1nolud1ns clerical. pmraon• 

rwl fo1 .. W:tch:mica.l tasks. SCl!!O tiGB<'lvim.ta{Po ot the present un.coOl'dimtca 

syotca t1ere: 

(1) faUm.'8 to oxpl.o1t a;!.l 1ntorceptod traffic, 

(2) du~l1cat1on ot efforts, 

(3) laok o~ coo.rdinatod. ·ere.:ln:tna ot reserve pol~~c:-.r..cl, G.J~d 

(4) tor Jaak ot po:rsanno1 in the -vvioua do:partmcnta, noGlcc ~ 

of cl1tticult problama (oapec1~ moh:1ne problama) and of im;portont lm: .. 

8'1APS~ auch aa the Slavic languagGa and Jape.nose. 

By concentmtina all l>E>Z'&omLe1 and ~ resources ot tho 'YIU'ious do~ 

mental. crn>tanaJJt!c aenS.aoa :1D.to a a:t.Dgle a&r9'1ce,, it 'WU argued~ bettor 

rcau1t3 could be achieved v1 ttJ.ou.t :l.DcreaB:lDs tho budget&z7 grant&y, and at the 

outbrea..\: of vm.• 1 t woul4 be poaa1bl.e to pt 1Dtell1pnca 1meclla"tell' f'ram. 

cr,yp~c sources. 

'1'ho Gmaral. Statt, teel1Dg tba.t tho tme vas ~ 19"t ripe tw n.oll 

central!1at1on, n<Wei-wthcleas rocajF.Mrndod an 7 lf&toch 1938 tbat a t:lrat step 

be the ostebliahing of pe:rto41c l11.\1eon ...ms tho hee.48 or tm CJ7Ptil•l.7tlc 

sGrvicos.. A lottrtr ~rao ace~ sent en» 111.roh J9'8 'b7 II~ Daladicr, 

Min1ete1• of tra.r. to tho M1n1ato.1' o.4! J'oi••ign. A:l'faira. proposillg that· tho 

head of tho latt~·a ceyptansl.yU.o "aootim p:rt.td.p:ite m mtm.tbl¥ m "bi .. zc·r~th.1-1' 

ex11h£mgos of vimra 'dth his co.ll.eegu£o m tho Deilart&cnt ~ J!c.·GiOl'r.J. lbfonn> 

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·J---1 _ 9St,WDE 

mid Wa:i.•. W:"lml thifl J.etter rCEe.il'l~. u:.1o.nmro!'cd, ::i. r::occnC:. •:a~ ::r::.., :r~ _

1_-= .. .- ·;. __ _ 

b7 M. Da~.edior, thia t1El.e With tho eddcd pr~otige of l1:i.o no11 ;:.c~ ~~.~c:? ~.::: 

Premim.•. A ros;pcmao tme ·thoi.•afoi•o f:t.na.J.ly olloitod on ~-¥=12;J.§, d~.e:­

P1'Yina th~ l'OX"e1eμ Affairs IC.nirJt1•y1a ano-uay conospt1on of c~yyto.n.oJ.ytic 

coope:ra.tiDil and its cuatam.r7 JQ"opj.a With rsspoct to thtt "i>aoic raa13ono to-:r 

such collabm."at1on: 

" •••••••• I have the hca.or ot 1Df'orm1DS you that tblt .Ott1c1al. 

Serv-lco of the P.~.~. o0111D.1mica.tea a.utCl!f&t1call7 to tba Min1atrieu of War, 

the R'e.vy and J'ore1gn. Af fa.1.rs the etam"toel. texts of fOZ'eigo. ansm which 

appoBr to concern ea.ch of thm. Bea14oa, for mare tbllD ten 1'0fU'8 DOif 

contacts JI.ave bom eotabl1ahed bot1rocm th& aor9'ice cemaemed at tho JUD.1.atr7 

of :roroigo. Afte.irs and the A:J:fq OencraJ. Btatt1 Dewd.._ lluroGU (l'ntel11g:.mce 

Sorvico), tt'hich i-orwa.rds to "1113 :Dopu'1Bant tllo texts deCl"7,Ptod b7 the ceu:-

petcnt e:c::.vic3 in tho War Departa:.."10.Ut which l1as :received thcm. tor OZ",1Ptam.1yaio.. ~oraovor, the emr.o aeoncy sOD!IJ to iq Departmmt l!J.D3' enQ1'3Ptt3d 

toxt s'l.IDcc1)tiblo ot 1nterest:l118 1.t,, cs~ ft'tD. its own intercepts. 

·~ actual liaison uilich tbus na-cl..te sefl'!'.98 to m, thoro~O::."•}, at first e:t.m10~, to IU2lftl"'0r 70ur eonoOl'll. •owover,, I eee no obJcction to 

a mooting of tho hetlds of t.he sootions ccmoel'l1-ed, durins which yo-w... ::t•cyreaont&ti vo •a ;propose.le would be e:ce1Jincd. Ho might get in tot~cll, i:r1t:1 

M. de Bobian., Dlin1ster Plen1potcm.t:J.a1"'7, trho ia 1n clla.rse of tho r.cct~.c.n 

ccm.cerneld in lQ" Departmmit ... 

Th!s sru481ns canaC'D'lt to QUO :na&t1ng RS skillt\lllj :miGill'CC:t>iJl'Cttti. i 1;y 

tho Premier a3 an acceptance ot t.ho prineipll!> 01' eotab].:lehins ccntci.cta. 

On 6 J1'lf J.938 the Premier instructed the Ch1e1' of the Generlll Sta.....-Pf' to 'oo 

to the orgm1a:&t1on O:.f' bi·mcm.~ &Bet1nga or the heads Of tho C1"3PW.~rt10 

serv1oea of the tbreo m.1.11t&r7 Do~ts (War, llaq, mid Air), with an 

invitBt:f.011 for :pe.rt1c1pat1cm also b1' the M1niertl"1os of lroreigu Atteirs, 

InteriOJ. .. , Co1c:mies, and~ "ea1>0c1all¥ tbe M1Diatl'3' of h:NigD Atta1rs, 

since that Deplrtwmt has accepted the pr1nc1pl.e of aa'ldns can.tacts (Letter 

of 27 ~ 39'8)". lIC!t added an 1m;par."te.nt note: ~ llaG4a ot the crnt.o-· 

J.oG1c service nll, mt4'eOV'er1 receive the ldea1sp. d ~,_,:.f'o1• W£-

t1me f a conn~c.lized orfE!1zat1cm Qt tl1e 1DterceRt M4,1iiijlil&bt1c sem.ceJ!." 

~£m.tmber lUB• spurred by tbo grafl1ng 1n.ternat1onal tons1on, 

M. » .. :a.l.&6.ior r&m:lndGd the Chiet of the ArJq Oenaral Ste.ft ot hi• }XE'GVious 

1nstl"Uct1ono &n4 aalted that they be acted upcm by 15 October l9'8. Aoc01,d1ngly the first me1t:!!!S took place on 27 Octobe~ li38 e.t the M1niatr7 of 

Uar. It h&d a tilo-i'old purpose: 

"i. To establish collaboration cm the tccbnicel J.ovol ar:cnc. 

the dittci .. Gnt cryptana].Jt1c eerv1cea 9Jd.et1nS in the ~ven (ic;t;a:-~2:rn·tc 

-- _CO!!!llPm.S.~tian of toobnical procedures 1wod u1·;;h t.J:c i'o::..·c.: .. n 

doom.ants otudied,; · 

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..... Delivor,y of radio e.nd postal. intercepts to tho depf1l't.Ren:ts 

which uoJ.lt1. need thoon to fe.c1l1ta.te their crn>tamlytio worlc; 

"2.. To prepare a dil~ec:.tivo aott1ng up far timo ot var a. 

cantro.Uzed 01•ga.n1zc.t1on of the aer~·!ces of l"wiio and postal intc:.•oeption 

CM Of' o.r3ptana~sia • 'l'hiB <lirect1Te 'S'Ould be subm.1 tted °Ear tho flieno.turo 

or th~ M1.n1atries concerned." 

In tho course o"t the tlrol.ve b100:manthly meot:i.ngo of the hoc.Cl.-; o! "t.:!"..c 

cl'1Ptolog1c s0rviaes between f?[ Octobor 19.58 and 8 Juno 19.39 tho r:i.l'fl°t 

ob.1oot1ve ... that of teclm1oal collAborat:i.cm. ..... was fair:cy woll ~.·oe11zcd. 

ArJans the W'L'!",, .Poreigo. Aft'e.i:rs, and lfavy ropreatmtatiVC9S thel"O 'W'Ol'G 

exclJ.angQs of code recoveries and progress ~..n1'omat1m on Italian diplOl'rAtic 

cod.es; tho War ~t's or~ic ooction ~d same Sp;mish 

consul telo3J."1!!118 tor 7ore1p Attaira and. 1'Jmished 1Df"mmt1cm. m an enciphered code v.sed by Arsent1na! a mohine cipher mapl.DJ'8 1n the J'oreisn 

A:tta1rs cryptographic section na authorized to Join a "tza1n1ng cOill"ae 

gj.vm b;r t!1e A1r M1n1atr.n am 1t ns agread tbat the amall. am. 1mzper1• 

en.cad cr.cyp-""°S?."&ph1c section 1n the llin1at:ey of CoJ.cm1ea, urged to use :more 

eticuro qstama, :might subll1 t thma tor the approval at the War Depart.merit'• 

ezpel"!tmcccl enaJ..yats. The iUmatr;r of the Interior, which na interested 

1n oert&in private co&t and cipher tmtt1o reach1Dg 1t b7 posta11ntercept 

!'ram the PH'., ns encouraged to crente 1te am ~1c eecticn.1 with 

bolp !)l'O!lloed :t.rom the Wo.r ~t (vhich h&4 prev10U.l.Y demo theme 

dooryptions). EttOl'ts were l1kewiee made, thoueh ¥1th no 1'9.rcopt1ble 

auocGss, to achievo oollAbOZ'&tion botween the two ~1,P!l. radio interc&pt 

e.genoies: iI!. the I.uter1ar Min1B~"'7 ~ in the D&u1~ Bureau ot the War 

Dapartmm.t ( t!!ldar tho Intelligenco Service, not the Cryp~1c B11roo.u) 1 

nth the dual pu?'l10se of avoiding d:up.Ucat:tO!l and of preparing fo:." oontro11-

zat1cm. at these agencies 1n timo of v1l.i-.. 

Qa. 27 April 19~9 steps were teJcen toWl:lZ'd the sacond objcctl·:o wH~1 

tho :pro:pos;sl ot t& oreaticD, far W"tl.rtimo, oz a contral agency :re:..· cry::..-::.-

cm.al.3t1c resett.reh 1Dl4w the Ottice ot tbo Premier or the Chairlm.J.l o'l t:rie 

Jli.gber Counc11 tor l'at10ABJ. Defense. (l'o mention lJBB llAde of th!) centJ.•al 1-

zat1on ot :racllo &!l4 :postal. intercepts.) T:ais e.genc7, CQ!\POSAd. ot the beet 

orn~ta trca the various JUnistriee, voul.d have the task ot centraJ 1-

sq cr,p~o resaa.rch en4 cOOJ."C!imtiTJs '017P'tm»ll.Tt1c activi t1ea. J.t 

vould 4.evoto 1 tselZ &xc1Ds1Te]3 to .. •speculative raaeaz'ch "1 cU.acovwiDg tt .o 

IQ'Stms,· 4ocummte, abd. cipher aeob1uos used 'b7 the 8DIJmV' 81!4 :rel.IQ1Ds aJ l 

usef'ul 1nfornt1an to the ~10 aerv1cea of the va:riows M.1D1atr1c:s, 

llhich VOllld be respona1ble tor the actual rec09'827 of apec1t1c Jm79, the 

i. eccns~tiao. or codebooks. atJ4 tbrl uplo1tat1cn o~ tbe •ssapa. 1'hua 

the e&vante.gea ot a ce.ntral.1ze4 cantrol would be camb:lmd with those of 

:lndopon"-enco of action within each M1matw1al 11en1ce,. 

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tllo pr:t:.?c5 plo,. ll""!th tl'Jo .P.ir M:ln1str3' offoriJJE; BlO'ND =n>tmial;retm SU<1. the 

1'11.vy t::-o. 'Jh.13 reiIJI'e£enta:t1ve of th!) lfora!gn Attal.rs M:1n1a·GJ.7; al.tb.Ousll 

ay~o!!·tJ.J· J;:-0::.•sC7.!).t!.lJJ favomble to tho plio.n, was ol>l1(!(Sd to ccmmil.t his 

eu];lsi~1c::..·a, a."ltl on §...Jun2...l9'.2. he returnfXl. vit.h a nogat1Te &DBVer.. :roi~e101 

Aff~iro e;.vo the follo:·ring raaaona f'or ito 11c·n-collabore.tia:u 

(l) Th.a ceyp·tog.ra.phing mothodo of diplcm:u.ts and tl1e r.i.1.litary 

&l'& 'W>:Jt c1ioo:i!lilar". Sinco Forai@ Affairs hBs nsvor conce?T.c-d ! teolf' 

Vith mp.tary codos and c1phe:;:oa,, co:o.tralizatian cannot, 1n iu.~moiplo, hc.\o 

the s&E.a edvc.n.tase for it as far tho Mi.n:lct1•ico of P.'Btiona1 Do:f'cn::c. (!i.. 

admitt0{1.7 ho~-evc2",, tbat the oolle.bm·ation already eatsbl1ahcC" P~Cn!: t!:o 

C&YPtanalJ"tio BarvicoES ho.d stvim. reauJ.ts far certain conaula.r cotlcr.:, ·.·i1~.c:1 

manot1mes cmta1uo4 1ntell1gence ueotul 'Zor the Ministries of lle.-~:lor..c\1 

J.bfGDo.) 

(2) 1he vary- &El.ll statt of its Crn>~1c Serv1cG D.lms 

1t e.bsol.~2te]3 illl:pose1b1e for Fo.reisu A:f'faira to detach a usoful aamber 

to tM Central. Ottice. 

At tho beg'f.nn,,ng of hoot1l1 ties, J'oro1gn .Atta1n said 1 t cofU,4 th.Grefore 

cmvioaee only nae troquont liaiaml SD appettZ11 uotu1". Ir lator m enlarge(~ 

ata...ff' pomi.ttsd ouch a step,, 0 the detacl:!:mant o-r a apoc:1al.1at to tm CatraJ. 

Ottice mil#J,t then be cmviaasod ff D 

In opite or th1o oetback,, trh1ch was ,P'Obabl1' not mezp9ctG4~ the tl:areo 

lfa.tional Defense M1n1s~ .. 1ea 8.Sl!'fted to centralize theU" c:rnrtam~ic 

activ1t!oa.a 

Thie we.a the J.ei.et racol'dod. JIOOtina of the JJeade of the cryptmm]3t1o 

sor71oea. Tllo non throo wee canceled for" vaz-1oua reasono mld thc!l 1 t 

we.~ m:m.ounced t~.t tho b1-monthJJ moot:Lngs vould rosumo in Octo"'oe1" upon 

not:!.f1cetio11 by thB War M1niotr7's rep7.'oaentat1vo. 

The i'&to ot the central.1ze.t1an plan upon tho outbl·eak or 1re.1· :tr.. 

September 19'9 is ODlJ n natter of opeauJAtim~ ~ar J.ael: of cpcci:?ic ~ln:2o:.-:-rt1an. There can be little doubt that the lrlar,, lra.V3'1 Rnf!. Air Min!i.at:;.~.tcs 

ce:r1"1ed out i;he1r t>l&n; 1 t ls eauall:v pro"'oable that the- ·:ricr ... •e1rm. A-Z~n.'1 rn 

K1n1str7 wu recal.c1trant. .It is 1ntfi'eat1ng to noto, llc.vover:J that on. 

1' Septmbe& 19-'9 lblac11or :reahuftlsd Ms cabinet llZli1 ae&Ul!.ed the porttollo 

or l9oJte1e,o. Attain in odaition. to that of Vm.•. W1tb. a eamam head ~or the 

two ministries it -a- bG presmnecl that tba ~ ~or cl.oae ~io 

collcbo::-aticn l:otvccn thm wao f1m1:1¥ won fm! t.JJe :period up i;o tbo fall or 

:rrauce m Juno 19.lao. 

a. See t'iietm·ee proposals,, Appe1'14iz i>. ;a:g, 

41 

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Wo havo no d11~cot docu:mnte.ry c.w1dence of the 1.11tuat1cm. ainco tho tell 

of Jh~an~e in J.91!-0 'ff'ith respect to crn>tolosic cooperation am.ons th,, M:i.n1st:rios. 

Fran va.:.~ioua bits o:f' 1nd1rect oviCl.enco, howovor6 certain gu.eeaea ~be 5& 

aa to t!10 dogrce of {a) Ol"YPtOtJl'ephiu B.111!. (b) cryptano.:cyt1c colla"Mra:~io:i. 

FJ:tce. such evidence ae tho oonstn:.cticm. ot codobooka, Jt.otl:.odo or 

incipho.i..-mont, u.terml appearance ot trattia, ete. 1 1t e.ppoaro tl:~.-·~ tho prcWorld Wc.r 1.I o1tuat1c.n bu not grcn.tiy changed,, oeyptogra.phically speeJd.1ig., 

A1thol:lsh thero was &;pp1.retl1' acme toroe4. oollaborat1on dur11'JS th~ 1f'W:'1 

~ when fo1~ lilck ot codebooks ot tb.e,:r awn the D1planat1c aud Colon1eJ. DepaX't .. 

mm.ts ot tho Froe Jrre.o.ch GOTormont nre C.bligod to 'bol>row Am7 uil tra.vy 

Cod.oo, thia practico came to an. end ~ a.nor tbe :re•eata'bl:lalzDl:mt o:=? 

the eovormncm:t 1n Pa1'1s. 1'ha princ1iaJ, poat-nr Interior coclebOolt bee.rs 

atrons points ~ similariey to the tl9cllt1oaal. Jla'f7 codes, susgeating acuo 

inf'luence frcn that qua.rter. ~e Arlq, lfaq, 8D4 Air :lorce appear to be 

cantim.d~ v1 t.h1n the BationaJ. Detcm.se JUn1atrJ;. their close collaborat1an 

of pre-World. We II days. With theso oxcept1ana, honver, each a1ni.•tl7 

retains ita distinctive va;va of ccmstruct1og codes, encrJPtins teJ.esrmio, 

and cc.oa;:oa!ns the :pleh'!.•toxt pa.?"ticm. of the ucsage to be tranm:lttl!ld.a 

Tho P'oreie;n Mf's:!ra M:ln1stry 1 tor ~le, cantmuea to 1U10 'lmfm.o1:phorod. 

codes~ a. practice long forbidden b7 the Anq. 

Aa long~ ao October 1922 Lt. Col.. G1v1ergo, ava.ro of the clangors 

of such a pra.ctice to code aeourtv, protested tbs lack of colle.b01·at1on 

which forced thl!t Iilgh Ccumiasariat 1n Moroaao to have tho ser.o tel.egr'E·.n 

OJlCZ'1PtE:d 1n wo dif:f'oront codes whmi 1t ~-as to bo sont both to tho '!~l\r ~r:..t1 

Bore!sn A...-Pf&irs W.niatr1es. Al.thOUSh it 111 not tmec:s:mon l1Ci7 fo~· =~ tclc _._ ·.:·: 

llCUlroased to DIP~ to bear 1n 1ts mcr,yptcd text tho l'CQ.l.-:cct ''CCl..!-~·m:.icate to DEHW .!iATIOllAI&", there arc still Jllm3' 1nste.ncaa of the daneorc SJ 

practice ot emc1pheri?lf' 1J. mease.go 1n two aystms. On 16 MB.:v 195:-., fOl."' 

tmlDl;Ple 1 a •eeage was sent f'l:'om. Tunis to J>IPLOMA'rlE 1n 11. diplC5ll!At1c code ar .. .d 

then re11eated to nwl:E 00'1'.RE MER 1n a colon.tal. c1~ 9 

----::?"'""' ..... :=--=---=~~~..,.---~--'""!"'----~"!=='""'"""=="""'!'"-=""!""''":""'"~~~~==:-~~-==-

a. In tllia c::mneotian 1t 'lflA7 be or aClll.8 interest to lioto that 4m'1Dg the nr 

11ame l'rGO Franch cliplcna'tic trattic baro e:r:tcDaJ. :pBl"t 1D41ca't1ona (un;pde, 

dopdo, etc) in confo.n1d:t7 With A:mq and •v pract1oe. t'tth tho ntum to 

Par!a, haweTar,, this :procedure was acca. abimdon.e4 ror the 41at1Dct1ve pract1oe 

of internal pa.rt imlicators. · 

42 

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It io truo that the new post-war !fa.val. Atl4 Diplclllat:tc codes 1n :pa.rt;1ouJ.ar show enough of a. cJ'l..ange fl•am t.bo stOJ."'eotnesa of the :PUt to eusseat 

that nw 1Jlcod omo into tho orntogt"&phic sections of thoee DGp1.rtmmita. 

There is no evidmce,, however, to 1m;plJ t\!J1' real 11!.creue 1n 1nt&l'ldn1a• 

terla.1 cr:;r,.r?togra.phic collabore.ticm nor the ezistmce or ~ ccnt.""8lized 

agcmcy wetchlJlS ovor Primch ornitas;.•aphio aecurity. 

B. Qmta.nal;Gl,q, C001~1p.a".Ji~ 

Aa to:r the ~1c coordination for lTh1ch tho lTc:r I iini r.: :..:::.·:..· 

had so cons1atcm.t]J vorkGd trcn i909 .. 19,9,, there are eomo gi."O"..X.t ~ ~·or :-.~·::­

Diai:ng that :tt 57 MTG been realized eince tho war. Th0 GCR (Ci·o1•!)crc:nt. 

dos Ccmtr6loa Dedio·Bl.cotr1qu(ts) and thl'> S1lECE (Service do Doom-!ontat:i.on ~tGrieure et do Contre-Eap1armage), operating under the Office 01' the 

Prem1or 1 'i1Jl'J3 be tho oentmliz1Dg agencies. 

The GCR 1a a Jremh AgeruJ7 reapaaaible tor t'ore:tsn intercept and. rad.1ae8Qlli,om.etry sm'Vices. ('l'heJ:te 1a no ev1danoe that the tOl'ml" intercept aorv1ee 

'tii.tb1n the M1niatr7 ot tbe Iat02'1ar 1a still in opera.Um). It is not en·· 

tain. when the OCR ftrut osma \1114Gr tbs Ottioe ~ tb8 P.rta:ler, but it was 

alreaQ u.n46r that author1:t;y in April. 1947. On 28 MIQ' 1947 b7 decree of 

Prmior Rm!adierr, M. Paul B~ard, Baore"taz7 of State to the Office ot th.e 

Premer, l."SG msde responsible .tor Jfat1cmal. De.tense (under the Oft'ice ot the 

P.t'8ID1er) a.r..d for "all its aen1ces and apncies except t!l! SJ.!Cl!"• lie we.a 

nl:.ao put in ®.arge ot rac11.o brae.dcaet1ng and tho 22.!• 'l'be tho GCR was 

l>rot'lgb.t 'UI!dar the &a!iB !load as lfat1cmal Det&DDe but was adm1n1.strat1vel.7 

BOp!lr:1.t9 from. tho SD'mE • 

1.n Octobe:•2" 1947 M. ~o Tl'.u::mBs1 :tor.mar K1n1stw o.: Posts, '?eleJlhOJ'Ht, 

mid ~&legraph, was mde a SecrGta....'7' of Ste.ta to the ottioe or tho .franier, 

and a decree a.eeiped to h1m the reepcaai'bil1t1oe t~ wt, radio b1•oc.C..ccctin:"'. 

am\ the GOB. 'l!J.1s t'11.19 tho QCB1 l'&!i.O'i"Od 1'r<D its ~die.to rolc:~:!.cn to 

?1.ational Def'GDBct, we p&l"ba:PB :mare log1call.7 jo1nod With the otl:cr ccr:--.i.•1· .:.-

cations serv1oes. Under this mTl.\1lg(USnt, thore appous to be ccor,lctc 

ccmtraJJ.zatica. under the Ottice of the Pra.1.er o.:t all 1ntorcopt i'&cili ticc. 

O.. 1be p(;st;Vaz. •val code, WJUD7 JiU cm17 about 16,oob 81'0"1111 aa o~l"Gl to the uam.l 24,000-sroup codes. 1'Jm J'areip .Atta:lra Min1etz7 1J;ltroc1uced a 

series of ]•letter 1-part codoa with t.-nr ftZ'iaDta au4 a luger TOC&bullll"J' 

than th9 traclitianal i.-n.sue a-part codes. The post.var 4-1'1sure 2•iart 

cedes all!o f'ollov the new TOCabula17 :pattern 1n preat. mcan:re. using a :mnr 

s7stca of ''doubl.ots" (two ~ for- certain oocle srou:ps) to oxp.c4 th!1 

voce.bul!J.17. 

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Moroover, a.lthougb F.Etench intelliganoe a.ot1vit1es still rsmo.1n scattered 

ir. csvo:i.~l difi'erent m1n1etl.•1ea,, s<DD coordinat1cm. of then appears to have 

bcon ach:tovocl, e with roporta f'ram m1l1tal'J' intelligence (fran the lfaticmal 

Defence Minioti~), politica.J. and eccm.cm1c :lntol;Ligence (fl.~cn. the Fozteigo. 

Affe.h•a l·linlat!'y)it industrial. 1ntoll1.gance,, aD4 the SDJOOE: all. be1ng cbanneled 

to tho Pl"cr;dor through the Seocmd Saoticm. of tho National. Def'onao Staff. 

Since tho 1ntorcept and inteL"l..igenoo activities beai.• a c1oae relo.tion 

to tho Cl'J'P"i:ana]3tic ac'tivities,, it 5.s not unreasonable to assUlilO that moves 

toward ooo.rclinatian. 1n tho former ru.100.s aro aocanpanied by s11111lar :Ecwoo in 

the l.e.ttc:r. A1thoueh tb.are is no def1n1te COMIRT proOf that tho s:r.uccE io 

the cool'dine.ting agency, there is acme ovidcnoob loa<U.ng to tho bcEc:f' :...::::.'.; 

cryptanalytic aotivitios aro a.t lea.st among ito f'lm.ot1ona. Tho [.Cl:c:•t•.l 

te-rt..denoy to ple.ce the GCR., P1'l' and tho SDECE undor tho c~:r:tco o.L 'i..J:c~ :::.·er : c :: 

is int&..""Gat:i.ns in the light of the ergmnont advanced that e:ny ecnt:1~1 coordinating o~1c 8fjpDIJ'3 would ha.ve to be direot:cy roa:pono:i.ble to t.:!"!o 

:Promie1 .. 1n. order to enl1et the cooperation of the Foreign Affairs Ministry. 

-a-.~S~e-o~R~-~l::6'"9!11":1i8"~.l"IP'--=----_...-..,_,.....,. ......... __ ......, ...... ____ ...., __ ....,...._.. ________ -==----= 

b. Seo for eDD!Plo FK 745 and lP.lll 4o9 (A) 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TCW SEBRIB!p'M:f~DE 

]'rOjji 11l!ote an=~e-~ta!!!,l.,y~S.c __ ~j£g11 (?by !'ajo;.~ 05.~:oz-cc ':") 

G.lI.Q. 26 July 1916 P. 7 .. 3.0 

III. i'ho JL\1¥:1.e )!we.a~ 

It WOL\ld seem. advantageous to roacll en mderatp.n&Ung maong tha o..uat!ns 

cr.vptoloBic 'bw.•eaus to avoid the dupllcat1aa. of work. :But l:etore uam.1Dg tM 

ccmd1t1ona of cm underatemcJ1ns, let us mmko a oloan neep ot vhat now exiots 

and eXL\fdine th.e role ot a aiz>sle bureau ot crn>tograph."f. 

Th:.to bureau, responsible in a countr7 torn~ to do ¥1th codes. 

and c1plwrs1 wculd bavo to faltill the tm:wt1cma devo1T1Dg u:pan tho var1oua 

crn>toerapb.tc sarv1cea now 1n. exlete:a.co. 

!fo~r., eaide f'i'ca. the docrnt1DS of c~~, t.bere eztsts a practical 

tCLsk of cryz>to~aphing and decryptographiDg telegrama which must, in o-.cdo1• 

not to J.r>..y the O})Gn too readily to etud7 by tho tlD.tJIJ71 bet ~.ireoted b1 ... or,.,mt--

an111Jat11. Thace ~.ml.7sts J!lUllt 1netl"UOt tho ope:rat1ng peaCi'111el and 

preparo the documents. It is not possible to CJ.coopt the idea. of a oinsJ.o 

service it the kttor is to 1go.ort! com.plotolJ' the practical. sorv1ao ot tho 

-,arious m.D.\ct.'l."'1.os. !'hie is pe1•haps a ncnr conception -- tho conotl"'l.1-Ction of 

codebooks ml.cl the habits ot certain l'&l'fiJ.~Gl1ta FtR" it .... but it io ln c·a 

opimcm e.n absoli'l.te necssoi tJ tO'I! c:rnito-•eccui"'i ty. 

As tcr doc:eyption th& bureau will have to: 

(a) ba reapcms1bl.e tor dirootms the service at gc.thor1ng the 

dooumBnts to bo studi.ed. (radiogrmu 8Dd other mean•). 

(b) be roapansible for ga:th•Z'ins together lln4 lmepins numerous 

archives (cloct."9mts atu41ed, dooumente tlll"OW1ns· light upen than, vorld.ns 

tool.a). L.1ttei.,.; obtz.in.ed :tram. pe:rqu1111 t1aos or frCD cemorsld.p -.q cut 

llsbt en~ amd stve DlllD&s ar kqa. 

(c) be reapcms1bl.e tor NCl'Uit1Ds peraaamel and W91ng emploJ"es 

aoc~ to tboir aptitudct•• 

(d) bo responsible far cC111DJm1catms to ali tbe sel'Tiocta the rosuJ:ta 

that con.corn those aorv1ces. ta o.ro.or to do th1s, me 1IWrt be perteotl7 

acquainted "t11tll. the ditforcmt BerViC88 1n oram:- not CllDJa to lmop at thG1r 

d1spo98J. 'tf.aat ~ :Uitereot them.,. but to GO azad. :propooa. :l.t to thcll, 8lld at 

tmos to obliao them to "Wm"lc en 1 t ~or the ~al. interest. 

(e) :runot1cm. under entiafact0Z7 canc11t1ons Of aoca•1ty. Thio 

aacurit.7 cma1ate not 1D. oancca11DS the ox1ctcnco ot mer-vices to ~•l~.lch ~,11 

the d1mo novole a]lude, but 1D concoal1r!f3 thtt emot ne.ture of tJ:c t:c:·:-: bc.:n~ ... 

dcma end tho liat o~ proc1acts undo~ stud:r tho1•0. 

45 

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Yoa, if' that organization can bo created outside oi' ell :m:i.niot:rics, 

o.bova the miDietl"ioa, v1th e. ohtef' uho ms 1nd1epu.tablo authc-::.~i·t:r u:i.t.h th:. 

"grands aorvicea" -- 1fith tho P.T.T. e.nd th13 public pi"'oacci.ito1, 'r: l'o~:·~"c:::.~~ 

(for perqu1e1t1ans end carreapondence or 'D!i!l.efactors) a.a uoll. c.r; 7-~:o r.::n:i ctr1os cancarned -- a co.mpetence as sreat as his a.tJ,thority in e.D. Ec1:c2"'..;.l 

questicm.s, :m111taey",. political,, etc ••• and uho has credits e.t hia v.icpoc"-l• 

Wh1' these cawl1t1onsT Cbapte1• II allave that tht97 m"G nooeasa17, by 

ehotd.ns tho conaequencos ~ the spi1'"1t of o~ta.lizat1cm.'* ccm.cealed 

1m.dor d1ffe1·cmt labels, :lnoJ.uMns that or the eocur1t7 to be :mo.inta1Dc4. 

Thio spirit me per:ba.ps not ent1rol;r d1aa.ppearecl: ta OJIQ has no 

knowlodeo ot telegrams ca. certam D111 t&17 O»or&t1caa -.zmat1D8 trm 

Military Attaems except th"rougb tho deornrt1c:ma made at ClllQ. Another 

Do:partaent has the elements t~ daci7,pt1Da those telesrims. Bit!J.or it 

wishes no cme to lmow that it has th.a., or 1t cloea not understand 'the 

intorsat of the doc'UllBD.ts fOr GB.Q. 

If e. con.tral bureau 1a established :1n a M1matz7: 

·--w~ if' not tbat Minister or his np.reaentat1vo, will docide> 

en the doo"UDHm.ts to bet cc:awmi catcd to the other l>eps.rtman.ts'l 

--how v1U diao1pline be ensured among the cryptane.lyato, nalr 

ecarce and there:foro a pi.•eo1ous ccmmodity, wbo, both officers antl civ.n 

servants, have a status and a ;pos1tiorif 

It is not a qμest1an ot placing t.hom. 1n a hierarchy; bu·b tr.cir "trc:::. 

c&m10t bet carried out an a p1ece-1rork bas1a, th07 aust tako to :i.t.; tho 

slightest hurt f'oel1ngs give rise to bad rosulta. J'or t.00 mom.oilt no uao 

is bo1Dg made of .M. Jfavema, whose com;pot8110e 1• bqcmd question. 

-·how will the recrm. t1Dg of ;peracmutl tor the seniooa at tbe 

other min1r.Jt.r1oa be tall:9A cue ot tor tbe tu.turet .Aa 1'ar aa we are ccn• 

cern.ed, 1fo have to tee.oh 0Z7Ptograpbing practice to the o.tt1cera ot the 

General. Staff. We DCOd cocSebooks. Die uper1moe ot the Vez- baa :pl'OVecl 

tmt en ott1cer accustamll to m111tari" babitlJ, tJlc::rl'ousb17 acqua1Dte4 Vitb 

the m1l1 t&""7 ncmea.olature aza4 h1erarol.v', Nildera quite 41ft'enmt oervicoa 

1n the mill t&r1' Cl'J'Ptosral>hio service i'raa a 10lm8 -"••rn ofticor or a 

7ouns 1nt0l.';Preter. Who Will. tr&1n this penmm.elJ who, at the t1m8 of 

e.nothor cm;paisi, ¥111 mk9 this aorv1ce tunot1CGf 

46 

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T 

'Will -;:-.~o end not be a monopoly uhich will resu1t in preventing crY,p·t .. ena.::cyt.tc vocations, '£01• civil e0-'1"Vl1nto or ofi'icera not be~ .. ona.tne to t.he 

De].le.rta.-.cnt :tn chargo of' tho ecm.·tzoa.l bureau, from. baing rove&J.odY And on.co 

thj.s :monopoly 1c assured in fL\ct 1 1f'1l.\ thero not be a prefe2'mco in ·the 

ardor or atudiee in favor of tb.e.t M.tnio·ti•y? Is Foreian Ai'fairo ::lntei·or:r'i;cd, 

as 1ra are, 1n the goosip* of the Go1"D.t.m pesto 1n the trenches at Vc:•t:un, 

which concern on)J a soctol" of tho Sooona. .Arm.yt And. will it :not i, rso -~~. ::-: 

eoctcr unsaoy as to tho contents of tho radiograms intorce!)tcd by l t c 1 c :~ ·-= : 

We rece1vct f'rom. an Allied ~ roqueats for :intoll1genco which rp .. ~r.nc ·er.::.~ :.::. c~ic service orgmized in a Ministl"'J leaves the Armies :1.n C0111!>1oto 

isnoranco ot maao of' its work and. bas far mm.-o than lB mmths per.mittod 

of:f'1cars to eeok labor1oual.1' results which it has hl!4 f'or a 1ong tme. 

For the.se reasons, co.ns1der1Dg the tea.Wmc1ea rev-.1.od up to now 1 

particularly b7 'the Dep\rtlllst of J'ore1sn ~~rs, ccms14ar1DS h1mm m.ture 

and. the di:f'ficul.t7 Of fin.dins the one CCl'lq>&tont mn 1D all the m1D1at'lr1al. 

do!&"'tmonts, tie an not at present 1D f'avor of tbe 1Datal.lat1cm of a •insle 

bureau--· oitlwr tor the period ot tbs war aJ.cD.e, 'because w fear that tho 

distribution of the dooumsn.ta will. be -4.o 1n even vone taehica. tbaD DDH'J 

or in tha f'u.ture after the return ot peace, bacauae ft fear tllat tbe 

se1"vico requi::.·-.mts of tho various 111n1atr1es. pa.rt1culal'~ the prep1.l'&.-

tion i"O:i.'" uar; 1t1ll be sa.orificod. · 

-ct ~ .. possibly 11chD.tter"1 EAV.ABDAGB 

47 

'l'OP SECRET SUEDE 
'l'OA P~ SE~~6.~~ _ Octobor J.917 

BO'.m 

on a. pl.an to reorganize t.be cryp~1c services 

---. - ~ - --· ~ - ~ - ~ ----. ---------- ~ - ~ . ----- A 

1. At tho p:i.""esont tmo there does not ex.1st ill J'rance any ceyptanalytic 

organization cl•ea.tod for the pul'poss or obta1n1ng the moat eftic1ont rea\tlta 

while raduc1ng as :much as possible the chano0s ~ mdisci·ationa. 

2. It has not yet boen possible to briDg a'bollt er.rs contralitr."Llcn, ln. 

spite of the obvious advautases ~rhich 'trould have reau1ted 1n tWOl'Y :.~cc:pcc·t. 

'. lfo intinate l1a1scm. has bean estcblirshod ma.ang tho crntanalyM.o 

services of the nr1oua :m1n:1str1ea t-rhioh have such services: J'orei91 Af:fai:•s 1 

War, Jl'avy, Interior (s3ret8 Gdndral.e), 

Ji... Ce.sea ot duplication of research :resuJ.tinS trca this lack or a.gre0: 

m.ent m•o :rel.&tivo.13 nmerous: 

Gernm>. mv~ codes are natural]3 s'tu41ea b7 the •v, but tm,;r al.Ir.· 

azoe by War because they are used b7 D111tm7 zeppelillss 

Certain d1plma.tic cedes, used b7 the MUitar,y and IQ.val Attl\chos~ 

aa well e.a by tho .A1!!1>88sadors or Min1sters, e.re atu41od. b7 Wm- and J'oro181l 

Mfairs. 

5. ~ :t'irat d:ls•dvantag& ot this du:pl1mt1cm. is tint it d~,, 

usoloae]J1 an in~o 113. persmm.ol. and canecquent]3 of querte:t."8. 

6. J'mttJ:Jor.more, encrn>tecl documents ll!llst be dre~ up in sovoro.1 co11ic::: .• 

to bo distributed mncms the various erOUJ;>s st~g them simv.J.tr.noo1:01;r; 

hence the no&d -ror additional sta..oflfs to cow and BO!ld them en. 

7. The reaul.te obtained by cm.o group are not communicated to tl:oao "t1h1> 

are Dl!lk1J28 tho aam.e studies or s1m1l.BZ' an.eaJ hence, vaated eftm~t. 

a. 1b8 somcoa that intercept er&0Z7Pt.Elcl clocumants do not al'\"'78 know 

to vhat M:ln1at17 thq are to amd the: e1tJJ.er tbe7 send 'tbs1 to aevorsl.., 

wh&nee multiple copies and correapac.dence; or the7 take the risk, by awtt.iiu 

tho:n to an]J one, ot not directing tb8ID. to the ane which shoul.d propei·~ 

receive tbmll. 

9. ~s Jl1l1lt1p11c1ty of cQDf'idential documents and of people emploJ'ed 

to copy tham.1 tl:'a.nsm1 ~ thanl, a'Eld studa' them :lDCreaaea the chances of negl1srmoe 

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10. Tho oama dioadvantase oamoa also :traa paral.le1 cgmggm1cations :ma.do 

by tho so!"T:J.ces stud11ng the DBmO docunents. 

11. I!o1•covei•,, documonts or 1ntell1gonco c~ to ane cr.vptanaJJtic 

servico l!light be very useful to anothol.'" which does not lm.0".1 of their eziat9uce. 

12. To L'Ulil up, thore is no a.dminintra.t1on which centra..\1zes oveeyth:tns 

to do with crJPte.nalys:te end doos the neceacf\17 coOl'd:l.m:bion of th!) 7ar!ous 

sroupo csoi{l1led to the s8lll8 type of W'Ol·k, 

The t:J.mo seems to htlvo come> to 1nnt,.tuto a reorem:!.ze;l;;ion wM.ch io u11. 

the :more !nd:l.spe.nsable as recant inoidmte mD.:S untortu.nstely havo so:•io;.1.ol;r 

compramisod a service which bas p:i:.•07ed its eff'ect1vfmAlas sinco tha bog:hming 

of tho wat .. , both i'rcm t.b.e d.iplcma.tio and. trau tJla mill tary and naval point 

ot viar. 

Wi"~hout ll::bariDg tho point ot the · sOl'vioea 1"8Jldmte4 to tho &Dliea m.1d. 

mv1ea b7 the tmmediate de017,Pticm. ot field and naval. :racU.ogams, 1t aems 

a.pproj?l•ie.te to recall in ;particular the intelligence hav1Dg t.o c1o with 

Getmm o.otions in Qreoco, Spain, Morccco,, Am81"1ca, and eYGU .Aa1a, which :bau 

be:m 1'urn1ehad b7 ~1s, and the reGUl.ts of vh1oh h&Te 'been so 

extansivo £item tho point of view r4 tho develo;tmlont ~th& Worl.d War. 

c 

In 01.•der to establish the bases of a ret1cmal. ore;mize.tian of tho 

crnte.;nalytic sairvice, wo DUSt not loso sight ot t.'lie tact that this aervico 

is above all cm dl•gan ~ 11'1telJ.1gence tlnd t!:'a.t 1 t should logf.ce.lly bo 

attached to a Genora.l. Office of' tho Intelligonco Servico, which dooo not 

yet oxtst in l'ranoe, and which it vould doubtless be adViaable to cot. t'!p. 

D 

1o As :I!'~ the ~1c serv1co, an l':ntor.ndnieter1o.l O:ttico o'Z 

this service should be created, 1llclud1DS repreemitativeo of the principal. 

Kiniatries of llaticmal Def'enae, to vb.cm would be added a delegate :f'rca tm 

Off'ico of' the Premier. 

2. ~s Offtce uould be charged with all cr.yptanal.ytio questions ot 

general mtGrast. 

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T SEME'P6

SUIDE 

3 ~ 1.:Co this Office would be tro.usoi tted a.ll enor~11ted d.oc"V.IC.On :;a 

intol'o&l>tod., fram. wllatov&r source: A'Sdio1;cl&grapbic, t&lew.-ap.hic, postal,etc • . 4. It woW.d ensuro their being atu41ed by settiDS up as liml1 groups as 

would be nocasa17 according to tb.G ca.teSol7 ot the docwunta. 

5• It would cmsura the mcc.uJecd7 liaiso.ns emons the various sroupa 111 

euch a we:y as to obtain the most ettioiont reau1ta while lbd:t:b'..g 8Dd 1ocal· 

izing responsibilities. 

6. I·& trould c0illlllm1cate whatewr uaa necessar,r 1n appro;pr1at'9 f'om. to 

the sarvicea caicarned :1n the v&'l:'10UB m1n1etr1es through the qualified 

roprBaente:liive.a indicated above, 'HhO ~ S~8 each dJ27 all the WOl"lc decr.vpted. 

7. It 1fOUl.d be in cliroct roJ.6'.tions, tbrous'h. t.b.e &Sl!le rcp:rceonte.tivea1 

with the i!ltorcept and :tntolligenco aerv1oea,, as well aa 1r1th the oxplo:i. t:!.ne; 

aen1ces of the various Mmin1strat1ona wh.1.oh have them. 

8. I·t would no·t; bo indispenacble to br1ns togother :tn tllc r~.?=.~o ~:·.r · ;,,, . :: 

nor to a.ttacll to the same l«3.n1et:!:.7 the various or.r.pt&nt'.lytio cJ .. •::>t~!ls, n:!:· :c 

tho propomed Off'ioe woul.4 cnaura the necer:;ser.y 11aisanc cm:.ons thal:l.. 

9. · Such an or(f!IDization seomo the proper kind to el:imtc ... to or to l :.du.ce 

appreo1abl.7 the diaadva.utagts noted above (in A). 

E 

1. The Ottice of the Crn>tanal3t1c 8GrV1cos,, it seems, ahoul4 be 

attached, at least for the duraticn of' the war, to tb.e War 16nistl7; bu1. 1t 

might; if' that were c111l\s8d p.referab1e, be attached to the .M.:1n1otr.r of J'c ro:f.@l 

Affairs en .. oven to the Ottice of' the Prem.tar. 

2. It would cli.."'"8ct and coard.1l1ate the vark of the various sect1onr st1t 

u;p by the qmlif'1ed D1nistnes. 

'. The War section 'ff'OU1d st'IM\r the field ra410gl'Sma of' the varioui: 

fronta. 

4. The lfavy sect1cm woul.d a~ :aaval radio~"eEJ. 

5. At the ~te a4neraJ.e tbn anor.vpted doCl.UllGnta rolJ::i;ivo to :!:~tr:::-:.: .1 

policy woill4 'be studied. 

----·-------------=-----------=---,:._ ________ _ 

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6. '!'o Foreign Atta1rs would be reservoa. the at'W\r or the d1pl<11Bt1c 

docum.e..\lta; however, We.r would CoopElr&W, !!,t ~t 1D1til ~®tge, 

1n tho st'U.<\Y or certain clip1amat1c codes and of the carres;pondmce or tho 

Military ar..d !fa.val. Attach.Ga. 

Chief' of the Section d.u Chitfre 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TOP9JECR.-i 

!esolut13 qt t¥ Inte:min1a~ • .2mti>gr&pb1c C~se~<m J!e.,..~ f?~~ 

of Cm~~qffiU"i tz (20 fl.Fil. 1922) F 0 U 

~01.,caa 1t is Jm;porta.nt tbat 111 each mmater1&J. Departmm.t the ornt.ogL"aphic ayotms 'be lmpt at a l.tmt1 with tm advances m ~-1• au4 

especiall3 tbat tbs use at these docU111eZJ.'ts not •"•ser securitJ 1 

''Roce.J.ling that ca.sos have often ariem. :1n Y.bioh, u a resul.t or grave 

eventa,, tl:o represeirtat1vee o'f various oibn3nlatra.t1aoa have trariamittGd. 

epprc·:iizfatoly aa..'\logoiw telelf.'ll'lllS oa tho semi.e subJect, ao that tbo d.1acova17 

Cf tho :CC~:n:tng Of the 0119 el!L1anpred. tho eecur.l t7 of the text of tha othe:·~ 

and of thO' docum.cm.t which had served to Em017Pt 1t,, 

'"l'ha:t tho-.t'e thila rosulta a ccrte..in ool:tda.rity in the crJP""uaai""npbic 

sacur1ty ot the mini'storitU ~t.s,, a.n4 that it 1B iJiUl~P.nt,, con .. 

£equontJ:.y.,, that this aocur1 t7 be str1ctl,y aaf'ogv.arded.,, b7 the 61~t>.:u~1'16 i.'.:1 .. ;" 

eecuro docmcnta ms voll a.cs b,- st:l'.tot rmpei-v1aion over tho1:r uoc, 

"Tba.t this supervision can, it semno, bo e.xerc1scd only b;r t.ho:-0:1.;i1l.,.-

tra1ned pemans who, versed in de0%7Pt1DB procedurea6 are acquoJ.nted trith 

the weak points or oodea &D4 ciphers am with their uae, 

"Dia Camn1as1cm. expresses tho desire: 

"?bat the attent1a.a. o'f the vari.ous ministries repreeented bo calM4 

to tho advantage of 1Dst1tut1Dg serious aml act1 ve supervision over the 

drewinS up of ~gra;pbic clocumm.ts am oapec1al.17 O'l'er their use. It 

(the C~ssion.) takes the li'bortJ' ot aussoat1Dg 1n this raapect the 

establ1slmumt of a crn>tosra:.Ph1c bureau, havins at ita head a person qual.1.-

fied 1n decrn>tins, hav1ng in its rea:paDB1b111ties eve%7'th1Dg tJat ha8 to 

do 1rlth ~":IPtosrapbing 8114 decrJ:Ptosraph1Da or •saasea1 the are.wing up ot 

documents and the related research. 11 

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(.?.mwx to tho ro;port on tho lOoth session o'£ tho LoeBUO oi' Ii'o:t:t.aa:.o )- · 

19 li'obru.a.l"'J' 1938 

Plll11 ~or Resroupms the c~~;t;tic f?<?rvic2! 

LAtte.ched hm'evith is a pl.ml drawn up b7 a resone omoer in the 

Navy, an official of tho Seoretarillt o"Z the League ~ llat1ana. 

[f.t o.ppoared that the :prQI>ooals preDontad desorved to bo eDm1ned f'rClll 

a hia'hcr poil1t of view than the l.evel oi' ''M.tnietr.r"il 'l'he;r seam to pemit tho 

coord:1mt1on. and ccmtral1zat1tn of research beginn'ns 1D Pi2Cet1mo,, especi~ 

with reo:pect to the decrypt:b'.!{· of :machine 8,JD'tes deat11led to be sanereJ.ized 

in wL"Fti1fti/ • 

l.. ~~-£.f' _jibe ~n.allti.9-.t ~~rvi::eo in ,wact:ht!o 

Tho cryptanalytic aecti• '.'a, vh:'!.ch rendered moat va1ttablo aervicoo 

during tho ltsat 'h"S.r, have an oqu· J.ly :ln;porte.nt role to pJA7 in tirio ~ pee. w. 

b7 ll!llat: 

(1) p.mte.1μ the EJ.ll;~·.1 _ar....ioe, that is, cook to dccr~:o·t tho 

encrypted telegrams which a.ro :t'u..""Diab:d thom by the P.T.T. aal"'Vioca (:f'oi· 

ord.irJaJ.7 trsnamissiODB), b7 tho iate~: ·opt oorrl.ces orgm1zod b7 the wrioua M:1nias~os (:f'or radiotelographio t::ir:::-mssiOl'.s), or b7 othor m.e:ms (In.toll~.­

saace Sarvice, police, etc.) 

(2) :prepare f'or tb.e_./_ .. ~~C!!:"¥ or the sernce int~ ~ ~: 

•b;r cmeurins the ~'!Jl ~ of reaerve p>rsmmo1 

•b1' possessing a thr:J .:>i.1811 f8Jldl.1ar1t3' with tbe qatees a.ml. encrn>i;-

ing hn.'bits of the countr1ei'V'J.tiiWiiOSe tiiiiiir.iifaa!cms 1'£ !8 fuivrm.'Eaaeoua1f0., be fam111e.r. 

gz:stas 

2. !!.C!~9!1 ~__y.w ,,'t' . .JJmigue ot C:mcmja1Dg atlf3. decr;rgtiM 

Since the 1r..r _. PJ."Oel'OSB 1n Cl."Jp~is bas obliged the sei'"Y'1coo to 

J.ook f'or ocdo and ' _phor BJ"Stams that are DlOl"O and more securEI, and has lo•l 

several. comtrie~ to besin introducing the use of moh1nea. ~1>2,f!h · 

f'or the cr.Jptar./ .qat, has becme siJlsular.17 cOJIWl1catod, e.nd inotco.cl of oc·· ::u 

a work of' H!fl; ·. ldual. anal.ysts, clocrypting in 'lfllJn7 cases todey" rcqitil~oo 

'' 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
rocourao to .k._.~,; it has becam bdJ.sponaabl.e to proceed to 1011g--torm 

rosoarch er.ii. to give tho Cr.Yl}tana.lyata auxiliary pcraonno1 rospcnefo:! c: ~c.1· 

the c1oo:a1cal te.slrn of oim,."Qlo et:i."ip1nng Md t..abulat:lng of c;i:.•ou:po. 

Uni"O:z'turzatel.i', the &biniotra.tiVO O".egalli:r.~tion Cf tl!C&O OOl'ir:i.COC.. 

has not taken tb1B cwoluticm sufficientcy into account. Ee.ch H:ln:i.:lt::i:·.v (Hc.r, 

l'fav;r,, A1r1 Oolanieo, D'Ol.•01sn Atta.ira) poscoasas a sopara.to sorv:i.ce c.nu. tl!oUEjl,, 

b7 the verr force of c1rc1D11Stancoa,, poraaa.al. contacts have beau estabJ.ished 

e:m.cmg the :«a.tional. Defense services, tl!a p1•osmt a1ate.m dose not pemit the 

ena'U1"ing of the ettioieney in these sa.l'Tices that could be expected tram. thfD1 

if there wer~ a pooling Of the various mauo accord1ll.g to a 1'&t1cmal. organization. 

'. ~~!!!.e.~.;]!Iltagas of .... thG m~en,!..spt9 

Without ttishing to f!P into d&tail,, 1t is in.terGstizls to note tbat: 

(a.) as a result Of the leek of coord1mt1cm emans the sei'Tices,:i 

];le.l""l:1 o£ tho !ru]DSB,e98 intm'Ot:gted al!!.J10t ~itet\ (e.so maeaces encoded 

w-.tt:a. tho Gel-mm. d1plaqret1c code are p1ebd. up 'b7 tho lfav•a :intercopt 

eer"Yicaa without being transmitted to tb.e Qua.1 d'Oraq; llrlO l>f'.rt ot a 

co11:respcudenc,:, encoded vith tho aid ot the S;pan1eh code 118R sent to the 

P.'t:.v;r, the otho1 .. to the Qm1 d'Or~1 without its be:tng ps1blo to oat·JPU'G 

these tt;o te:r~a) J 

(b) d1tfe1"en.t aervicas 'tfO?k on thG l'mte code ·u'itl1ou.t ce:r..m111icatiJ:!s th.air recults 01" their ~th0oestoca0hotho1: {o.g. tho di!'J.c.Jlt:.c 

codrls. an Which Foro1ga. Af:f'a1ra iforka for d!plalr.atic mosst1.gea, r.~.~ry ::'c1· r:-::-.-.·~-~­

Attachd :mossQGOB end War -Eor M:l.JJ.tary Attacht1 memases),; 

(c) for l.8ek of :persQQ110l the sel'Vicos a.tto.clt on1'; reletiveJ.y 

eas7 problms and neglect the d1:ff'1cu1.t irobl.ems (suoh as the docrypt:!J:!s of 

:mac!lino enc1:phe:msnts) whm'eas this work is pro'bab]1' tho most it:porto.nt for 

the :preparation .for wartim; 

(cl) as a :t"eaul.t oZ tho •3l.l. zmmb&r or ~ts 1n each 

s0l'71oo,, it 1s not pof&Si'ble to ST8 the :nec&S&U7 rmase of lJ.DsoiatiC know• 

l.edao, eo tbat i:m;pol~t J.ansu,ases Cslavic langu8sea, Ja;pa;o.ese, etc.) aro 

Glmoat ont1rel3' neglected; 

(o) the tra1D1DS ot reserve peraCllJ191 is not sutt1c1en~ 

coo::.1dincted. for thero to 'be a unitq ot doctrine 1n the '981"ious oorvioos am1. 

it is aoo.:roo]3 poos1blo to benefit :f"rQ:i the ex;porienoc of thct other morvicea 

1.11. ordei• to direct tbis instruction properl;r. 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
T~ SE@R~~&l'IDE 4 • f!!~~.:£.'.J.._9Jlj;l 1.nC!, 2f.....:.....~f?FR,.~Z_t.\,!:~~Garl.§9~ 

It it ia dosi:red to obtr-.in grea.tel" effic1sncy from tho 027P·te.ri..aly-t10 

servicaa wJ.-'~h01.rt increasing the buc"l{;etal"'J" gr:'an.ta, and 1:f' it 11:1 cona:tdo~od 

&sse:n.t5.al that thooe Octl"V'ices, :fra:.1. tJ:i..e fi1·at day of mol>i:t:tzu:tion, be ablo 

to be m:'liiE:>d in ordor to aJ:lll.bl<!t thom to till~ imodiato c.dvan:t.eso of ·tho 

in!;per:f'ectiona ar blunders of tha enemy codo clorks, it accr.!B e;h::o1t•tc l~· 

necees~'7 to canoontrate ettOl""ijO by gi.~ouping o.t1~!11.f:t~l .. ~ .. ~i-V:.9.lr t.i:c cln c :t:..·J 

tllat ~ nolr distinct, either et tho lovo1 of liatiana1 Dofo1100 c1· ::-:\; ~~l:L:·i:. 

of the O:ttlco ot the Pram1er (Ccmae:!.l Supd~!our de la D6fenss)" :.t:r Fol·oign. 

.Affairs e.srees to Join :In the plAno 

'l'his gr:oouping will. mve the following advauteaes: 

(a) all the euorn>ted measasee w11l oan.e to the smo servico,, 

llil:ich wl.U 'be reopcms1bl.G :tor the d1Btr1bttt1m meas tbs cr.vp~ta., 

eccord1i13 to their lm.01r1eage and their teoJm:tcal. apeo1al1za~icn (ezrv, 

IIA'VY;, air, foreign atta.irs). ~a cantn.lizaticm will make 1t ~s1ble 

to ra.t:t.onalize tho ortp:D.izatian. or the :J.JJ.teroept eorvices and to gua.1."8D.tee 

the.t Bil. tho texts intercepted will ba use~ e:;plo1 tedJ 

(b) Vith mare tex'cs available, eaS. espoc!alJ¥, sarios ~.:HM 

~~ .. ~,hg,,~£!1!' ~ auY¥>rttz., tb.Eire 'i11l1 be more frcquat JJnothosea 

e.vailnl>lo and thus gtteater chances of success in the deCl7Pt1DS.; 

(c) with a. larger mzmber of ag&nts in the sEmt"» service,, it \Fill 

be poea1bJ.e to en..1.&r;p the re.nee of l1DSU1st1c lmouledge e.ml to em•ich tho 

field of docr.YI>tians; 

(d) for tho eamo rea9an :i.t wUJ. be posGible to ·:'cr.::c:..'\ c "'.;l:c 

servicoa o£ ano OJ.• :more Ol'T.L'>t..'\lialysta for lori..g .. tem roaccroh p:·o~cctr.:, c·. c:::1 

as the thorough studa' Of 'the deorapt:tns ot tolo~ encry-i>ted E:hEL!!'~_ l-:;:.::~."2 

of' !PCbizig!a; 

· (e) with knowledge of fill. tho ..m,1jomS used 1n the aan:o count:;;7, 

it will be more rea01'J ;poSeible to ascertain the llab1ts and CA7Ptosnipll1c 

rqatcma ot the f1D614Y sl9l'V1cea and to reco.aot1tute the doctr.ino vhioh is 

being este.blisbcd cm. the other s1do; 

(f') 1t W1lJ. be poaaibl.8 for the tra1n1DS at porsarm.e1 to be 12am 

m1f'om. ~ more mtianalo 

Canclusiona:. 

-·. • CEW'•• 

(1) It 1roulcl bo u;p to the Mmistry of War, which poasoases the 

lAl.•s:>st cr~io sorvico and has tho moat ex.periance, to teJm tba 

1D1tiat1vo ·i;omird roorsmJ.z:lng thoso services and to present a cODOreto e.nd . datailod plD.n. 

55 

TOP SECRET SLTEDE 
. 

(2) ~1110 TQ9 111.0.11 ahcuJ.r1 SE~~9'fiDE :rrov1G.o for ·tho 00J1.contra1::1 oi' all. the 

preacn:;.; n~r;-:: (porsmm.el. and bUdaetary zoooourcoa) into a a1I".,£;1.o service ~mich 

lfot:.ld bo e.t'l: • ·'.J.atre.ti;rely e.ttached to au oxiotins 1D.tel'J:ll.1n1ster1al. b~ or 

to tho Of"!i<: of the Prcmor. 

(') T'.ais servioe t10uld consist of a service chief, pr.; fer3b)J a 

oiv1l1M to ''."JS\.lro contimtlty, ar..d four O"!! f:!ve Deet1ona. J.l'.o.c'h cection 

uot11d consir..c o1' agonta, o1the1'" civ.!lial! or m.tJ.itary,, dota.ched by tho Adm:ln1etro.·t:~cn to which th&7 bol.ons (rra.-.,,.1 War,, Air, Oolon:7.ca,, ForoiQ !~-:.:-:~.:-,..· r;). 

:Bosideo tho ·~rn>tanali7'oto pro"Rer, :tt trc.'llld bo o.dvicei.blo to t-.dd ct·:~i l:i.~.::.·J 

parscmnel f, ... • :purel.T cle?"1m.l. lfarlc. !l?h:ls o.u:dl.1.sry pcl•com;.ol !.!ieir~ ~~o 

carman to t1~~ various sec.ticma. 

(If.) Tho m1nietr1os would no la:!ger be able to tako up oeyptena.lytio 

pr:to,1eots ex:i: ~.P"b :f'or partiouJAr well·dof:Iz.e4. msa10llS. In this ce.se it would 

be 12!ldc:ratoc•i timt tba central service nll b~ kept 1nfmmod of tho reaults 

of thoae :pre ~octe which would havo int«'\'est f'zrcm the crnt~o :point 01" 

view. 

(5) All the en0l'3Pted :massagaa v1U a:r.r1ve at the oem.tl'Bl. service 

~. Will bo c.7.ietributed &mm8 tho &ectiaoa. 'lJ:Je decz7pticm.e Will bB Cc:rrmmt\i• 

ce.tod !lXOlJ!. tvo:\j[ to tho l«1D.1atr.r CO!l<".Gl'md,, acccnocUDs to the :lDIJtruot1ms it 

has givan.. In pl."1Dc1plo ea.c.b. section, cmp>sed o~ egen.ta bolonstns to a 

givon M:lnio·; l"Y 1 'trill work ~ an m.oaea,geo of interest to tllat Min1st%7 a.ml 

wi~.l havo no know1ec7.so o-£ tb.o te%ts of interest tQ 'the other soct1ons. On:ly 

the cr:t-o\ttnr .. lt,tic results (recOVa2'7 of a code, doorn>ted groupa, t>bmorvstions 

en. tho crypi.ograph1o qstems) will 'be broueht together :ln the ott1co ~tho 

dil."eotor o:r i..he service and oammmics.tod to tho vet.'t'f~.m aoctionD. Theso 

pi"eaautians ·.-·ill. nmJre it pom1b1o to assure tho variOUB dopa.rt..:onts that 

tho1r eecro: .. a will not 'ba d1'VUl,gsd to otJJ.er a9rricoD. 

---------~ ---~ ---- -

Services Be::.~nf$ to Diff'erent Dowrtnm'!i! 

Ao OrffiliZBticm. 

(a) Serv1ce chief 

Assistant a.."l'Chivis"b rea:pcma1ble t'or: 

(2) tho receipt and d1at.1-ibut1m. of intercepts 

(2) the d:laeammaticn of deor.nvt1cms to the dopllZ'taeAts 

conceJnOd 

(;) tho documentatian. serrtao (aeo below) 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
'I'~ SE~RE~-GS~iDE (b) Ci•ypta.no.]Jtio groupe 

1'7.Slish 

Germsn 

Ite.licm =.a Spanish 

Russian 

Frenoh (].U'iVD.to tologrel!lB} &u<1. 1!!1scel.1JmoOUS 

(o) 'l'rmll3lation goup (plain tm toJ.esrama) 

(d) Resee.r'"1 sroup: n°'r oyatt::erJ, inVan.t1cms1 mach1.noo, etc• 

B. mtox:cept~ 

F-cJl'llished bl' th& asscmibl.1ns of intercepts which rr.ay be ga.thored 

b;r tho tol.Jmr-1Dg services: 

War 

>:>tJW!,".ll!i ~ 1.lA'l?IOW\IE 

Colonies 

lfav.y 

Famed b;y bringtJlS together the docam.cmta noit ex1st1Dg in the 

d1i'f'ercnt do]artmanta (d1ctiOJ.:Lar1es, telephone booko, eta.). P.i'eas service 

(to be orgara..i~od) • 

D. Insta.llat:l.on 

1'.b.e assembling of the doomants would requiro inetellat1on of 

tho en.tire ecn"Vi.oo in qUtll"'2iel."s close togothezo. · 

57 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
TO• SEeRE~ S2G"iDE 1~·CJ!l 'll!?!g_~tllfi S,μb.1ect f! Ja_te~J!~!.~.9ollfl-!~!.on ~~J~ja~~.£f Cr;tg~;,":.'~Jlai,P, .,,. Page 5 

-- Mtq 0) 19'8 

............. 

In caso tJ.1.0 idea of tho coordina·~ion of tbe various ci~yptmmlytio ao1~v1cea 

should take s:ti..a.pe 1 1 t sea.ms that the most ezpodicm.t procedure would be to 

creaito an Inte:rmin1etor1.B.1. Directorate :ror those services. 

This o1'I'OCtorato1 COJiql()Bed o.i' roproocm.to.t1vea Of tlle pl"inclpc.l r.!J.n.iot:•..;.c.:::. 

would be responsible :f'o-.t' aU crn>tanaJJtio questions of genoro.J. intc·roct ::u:ci. 

f'or coordinating the '\."Ork of the various soctiona set up by tho ciuc.lif'iod 

m.1nistr1oa. 

It uould race1vo all the encr.r.Ptod c1oC'umt.mts intercepted, regardless of 

or1sm end destination. 

It would eneure their d.1atr1but1on amaos the various special Sl'oup81 no 

l.ctlger solely b7 adcl:n>os, but b;y ayate!IS and. catogories. 

It would ensure the lia1.sons among the various world.ns goups 1n 8UOh a 

w:::,y as to obtain the moat efficient reoults while at the same time l1mit:lrlg 

tllld localizinS reeponsibilities. 

It u·o"Jld set up and keep up to a.aw the card file for oach oount!7 studied 

81:.d. woul.d. giva eech sr<>u» all 1nfon:at1on auscept1b1e of :faoilitatiDS 1 ts woi~:u:. 

It trould eotablish a preas sarvioe ar wouJ.4 receive from ·tha various 

dopartmonta au preas infamation BUECl!pt1ble o:f' directing the offorts of tm ~sts. 

It would entertain. direct rol&tions with the it!.tercept ant~ irli;clllL,c.r.u. 

sorvices as well as 1d.th the e:s;ploit:7.ng eerv1ooo 1n tha va.::.'iC&~ 1.t'~lni::.: :.::..·: :.._:_c_r. 

susceptible of giving 1t bases fOI! or1ontation. 

Through tho que.l1f1ed re_presentatives of the various dopartmenta, :!t 

1f011l.d. see to 1 t that the work ot the groups was c1roulattid 1J1 the appropriate 

fC>l'JD. to those con.cerz.md. 

MoreOVGr I it ahould COD.tJ."alize all tbe :1nven,'f;1QDB an4 all the 81'SteJls 

proposed Zar adoptian. by tbe various dep!.r1nenta, azJ4 have thm. studied by a 

tecl:m.1cal. aactian. 

==-m rnuc ====-~r~ 

TOP SECR~T SUEDE 
To• SE e~E-'?'6'S'ffttfiE Tho i."01•!d.1lg Ef!'.~ou:pa would be eJJ.ovoO. to keep thoir o.uton~ and to do 

th·Ji?' <Ym Z'CCl."u1tiDg ll.lld the 11'lstl'll.CtiOD. Of their pol"SOl'm.9l indiV1d.~o 

Tha Dil1octo1•ai;e mi{!li:t be attached t.o one of t.be min1str!oa o'E ll!a.tione.J. 

DB:rw..ao oi• tho Po?'ll!.Gnont Gener~ Bcorotariat of tb.1.9 JH.sb.Ol" Council. o-r 

rational Dai'enao. 

Tho .Af;aucy envisaged miab.t theroforet consist oi': 

1. a directbr,, aidod by an assistant.; 

2. an erch1vos eervioo for: 

(a) tho receipt and d1st:dbution of tlie 1ntercopta1 

(b) the cliesam1nat1m or the tranalations1 

(c) the l:!7aintonance of tllo 017Ptanal,ytic fi.lca,, 

( d) tho centralization o1' tbe :press :1Df'a.ma.t:1onJ 

'. a 11a1scm sert'ice OCllB.POSe6. of a qualified repreamtat1'Y8 trm. 

oa.Jh doJr'&rm:.att roapcm1bl-e far seoins :pel'1od1call.v' all the wat"k acoam;p11shod 

1n hie dopu."tm.Emt IUJd c1a1.11' all tho texts decr.yptea.J 

4. a translat1Clll 89.l'Vico fa.r plain text intercepts; 

5. a tec!m,1ca1 sel'Vice :rospm:aiblo :rm- stud31Ds 1m'ant1ona otc. 

and for wc:tcb:tng O'fer the security- ot t.he national. codoa and ciphers. 

59 

'l10P SECRET SUEDE 
.. 9 Ma;r 19'9 

At tJJ.e ci-::.ontncy- meetins oz the hoada of the crntogtta.phic sorvioes an 

27 April 1939 1 tho creation o£ a cmriiral. agt;m/J:f for cr.vptane.lJtic research 

,.,,,.a contom;pl~:iiod. 

'l'h.e r?'c.vy prOJ;:ooen ·tho m."'Ellltim1 of a can.traJ. crntana1"'t1c bureau, an 

1ntcrm1.niote1":1el agcmoy not dil'ectliY undor Gl\V MiD1atry and rospomdb1o 

solely fo~ gcllcral. studiea: 

(a) CSD.tralizing CrJPte.nO.ly"GiC :t'OBl3a.?'ch in ord.or to d.iacovc:~ ·~'h,c 

nsw cr;rntogre.ph1c methods bemg eI1\'9loyod and ·;:o establish thccz·o~;ice:). :"'l.' 'J.c:: 

foz.'" deOrT,PtinSJ 

(b) st~!l8 em.erq o1pher D'£1.cbi;iea, diagl'ms or desor!ptio~o of 

which li'e m1sht possoao, and aoold.ns tho wo~ :points of those =.ohincm; 

(c) central.1.zins all documents :relative to tbs m.etho4a in rea91"V'e 

which Jliejlt be used b7 tile o.amv. · 

This Ccm'a"ll.l. Bureau would not b&ve to recomrtruct tba text of the mtercoptcd me>ae118Js nor to look for the apec1t1c koya; this role vcmld be 

reec·rved for the cryptanaJ3t;1c bureaus bel<ms'na to oach Miniat.r.r, wh1ch, 

applying tho general methods fumiBhed by the Central. :Bureau,,. mislit utilize 

vei"ious bits of' 1Df'cmm.tion tlat they ].'J03sesso4 an the maning ot a mssase, 

probable ·ucrdri; elic:eypting e.r.rora, etc •••• 

The Cant1•al. :Bureau v.oul4 be placed u:ader an riithar1t7 h1l#le1' tbcAn. that 

of tho three ministr:ieo of War, Air and the lla'V'3'• It m18'1t bo 1lJldor the 

Ottice of tho Fr8mior ar tmder thcJ Fresidant o~ the lQ.eher Couucil ot 

liationsl. Dei'onsa. 

2. The possibility or sec'tlring eithGr the por.ine.nmt or ccc:lcic11c.J. 

,ll&l't1c1pat1on. Of qualif'ied c1v1li.ana in the ra3earchJ for example, :ro~ 

m111tar7 crntm.Ja~sts having real CCllQ.lGtence m the work whan i·t would be 

d1tt1cu1t to ami>l03' 1n a subazoilinate position in a m1l1ta1"7 Qf!Jfi!.CJ'. 

1'ho contribution af each KiDiatry to this Ceutral Bureau might be two or 

tbreo pol'scns ot officer rank, ana.,, 1f' poas1blD,, an equal. maber of acm-etar1er.. 

·==-- - 60 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
l!b.~~2: ,. en ~J21:.?J2!i~ .. q1t.~~J; e.scnc7, f'ur!ctiO!ling !1'1 t~~qt.~~.Jr"'i:~ 

!!?.2..!.!:@!£-5·l~~£l~ ...... ~S-2..0J!!S.1 •• ~..:"!~l!i.~ I!f,gpJ!! (Secre·te:i..·ia.t a:enel·e.l) , 

IJqte,: llfPllCY for l!~t!:al s~J! o.ml goo~l:lnat:I;gn 

Ganore.J.. st.u.4t2.!: tho Ccmtra1 C1•;,ptansl,yliic Scrvico: 

(a) acntralizea: 

-all :mata1"fa.1.a fo1• crntmely'~io stuey caming fr:>u ·iil!c 

cmnios o.r :Fntorior,& 

-all deem.em.ta and information ot a teolmicaJ. nature 

caming f.rc:'4 tho va.riOtlB i:n.telUpnca Senioes 

rel&tivo to tha cryptoerapbic 8,1stems t1Sed by tho 

el'l6lq as woll as tJ:e IXt'mGiples of their uoeJ 

(b) '1.oos tba s01wt:i!JS, b7 cu"1gt11 and. by th" 027,Ptosi.U1.'a :tam,, o~ 

the Va:L .. ictts stt•4 :ma.ter1alB reco1Te4 by the service; 

(o) invoat1e11toil in e2.0h individual. case tho mture of tbe rqatm t:ae~., posaii>ly 1dth tJ'..e he1p of the 1Dfor.mtim. and dooum.entu ot a tecll!d.cal 

r.D.t'lll;•e uhich ore in 1 ts possession; 

(cl) at;udioa new mlC:.'7Ptins ;p:rocodves (m.ch111es~ e1cctromoc~11icel 

O:L9 o:i.ect~otic :pl'coesaos, etc ••• ) mld trioo to oot up mothodo l..ie.k:lng it 

poss:f.blo ·to er!Suro tho ascr.;pting ~ those e79·tsna. 

Coorcli.nat:ton: wwwz;:m ~ 

(a) t..'ra.nsmita to ea.ch of tho Ci:"Jptw:ia]Jtic 001"Vicon of t11e c.:t:L'fc:·~n:J 

miniater1al. dopa.2. .... cments tbo mtorials far cryptana.:cytic stud7 of :Lntc:·cct l;o 

t..'1e.t ~t_, atta.chi!J8 to them a1J. :1nfO:t.1&ticm. aJ.rea~ Sl-thoo.•cd O;;" tho 

Centy•a.J. Sa.rrtce am all results obt&1!led in its reaea.rch, with a v!Oif e:Lthei• 

to cantini~ tho cr.vptanallt1o stutl1' pl .. o_per or :1 it the reBnJ:te all•aad,y 

obtas.ned pomit, to Ulldertak.1.ng the ~1ate eJljploit.ation of the nateriale; 

-----------w-w---...----------.-.--m._,.....,~_..,__~~-------------------e-. .. -•~-~·-m-:w-.-....._,_w~m»-> 

*Air F~ca J?2'0;posal. This plan,, presented after Fore:lsn Atta.1rs had :refused 

to partio1:pa.to 1n such a central. aeJ!llJ.C'3 :1 en.visGSGS collabaN.ticm. em:mg tho 

tm·co rintiCl".al Defanso :m1n1str1es aa:13; 

61 

TOP SECRET SUEDE 
.. Te• SE<!ftiB't'6

*SU•DE , (b) llYl:i.ntn:tna canatant liaison for this purpose vitJ1 ericil of the 

cryptE:nnl.vtic corvioea of tha aforeeaid m1n1strioa Qlld prooooO.ar ·.mcmever 

the need arises,, to aJ.j e.mhn.nsos of viaus nooesP.17 for ensur.i.Dg the 

gt•e::rtsat <~tt1c1ono7 Of tho various serv-.LcesJ 

(c) !ta.in.ta.ins lia.isan l1ith tho Catral. Service aua. tho l:raes lilf'o:xm.-

tion Penicoe" the Cent~ Intercept SGl.--vioo,, o.nd vor1oiw IntelliBSJlOO 

So11vicoo with a view to aaeembllns 8.ll neoess«q ~orma.tian and matoriale; 

(d) ].:lert:1c1,pe.tea .1n "ccmsorship", 1n liaiacn with tho P.re:Js Sarv-!oct, 

for everyth1..'1g conce:rn:ing publ1cat1QDD of tm:1' ~.ature suseept:tble of im,por:tl .. 1ng crypto .. oocurity. 

A servicl9 ch1!!.t (an otticor .. specia.]J.ot f.rcn. W'er's Cl',1.Pt ccct.!.on) 

aidod b7 an ass1ataiit; 

Classii'icat1on Socticm: 

(1) receipt and clAssificatian. ot atw33' nateriaJ.s. 

(2) .ce.utral1zat1cm. ot 1zltor-&t1cm. and c1oc1Dilmlts ot OVfJr3 na:tu:t."e,, 

1-,) aottiJ:IB up ana. lrsepins cur.ront cercl files ot c.r'~ic 

1Dfc>J.'mt1cn. 

(:Porscmno1: officers ~- Cl7'Pt apooialiata,, saaa ott1o1C"B -- epocia.lists, poasibJ.T later c1ril1an porecano1). 

~ Secj?is! 

(1) prelimiMey research cm st~ :materials trammd.tted afto:r cle.sa:Lfieat:t.an by tho Clesai1'icat1cm Sectian.; 

(e) d1sseminat1on to tbe c:cypte.nalytic sorviceo of ce.ch De~:::.·t.r:cn ~ 

of the materials of intarost to thm..111 as uell ca of tho rosulto obt~lncU. a.·;; 

the tim:D of the prel1m1n&17 research,; 

(') d1ssem1natian to tllese same s..v1oos of the translation of pl.c.~1-

tGxt messages comins frm. various 1ntcrcep·b or 1ntoll18f>nce sourcoa; 

( '•) st"Ua.iea of QBtans, mcb1nes m- cr,n>tosrapba o 

(r~aonnel: o:tticers -- CZ7Pt aiieo1al1at, sous o1'ftoiera•spec1al1si»; possibl3 civ1l1a.n porsonne1 for tbe tranelntian o~ pla1n-tozt messages cml8)o 

L.ia.1Jlon Soe·tj.,gn: liaison with the nr:tous ~a, the :mtor.matim 

Sorv1oos, tho Jntellisence Services, the frees Service. 

(PeraOJ:1.nol: officers--CZ'1Pt apec1al.1ste). 

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Such an 01"ganize.tion, e.e it oiae!"gee from. tho e.bovo outl:i.no, scOL:n 

calculated to ena-c2l'e tho llltlXimVI4 of'i'icicnoy of the varioua gt'Otl!IO oi" 

apacia.liata 'tiOl"kins both :ln the Con-::Ortil Sorv!oo and in tho variouc c:~JT·tm:ia]Jtio sm."Vicos. 

It, divides tho work by lc:!.Ving to tba Central Sorvice tho 

nepoculative receai1 ch" pa.rt and reserving for the cryp~..ualytic s01~~icoc 

the "cn,yp~ic stufly11 8.lld "exploitation" pa.rt. Thus, ubile DlmS.£.i..TlS 

to br1ns tcsether the means, .it en&t'!l"ee far each m1Disteria1 Deiiartment 

tho 1nd.opa1ldeii..ce oi" action which 1s dos1rablo. 

On the o'tber hend, its proper f'l.\1lCt10Dins ~es close aud 

conatan:t liaison among the various sroi~ps, comliti0Jl8 1fh1oh presuppose 

tho aacoo.bl~.ns ar these groups 1n. the seme building, ar 1D. :lmediate 

proxira1t7 to each other. 

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