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http://www.gaappeals.us/rules

November 1, 2016

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia

A16A1029. BRIDGES et al. v. COLLINS-HOOTEN et al.

MCMILLIAN, Judge. 

Eric Bridges appeals the trial court’s order disbursing excess tax sale funds in

this interpleader action, asserting in related enumerations of error that the trial court

erred (1) in ordering the excess funds to be disbursed to the Georgia Department of

Revenue and (2) in awarding attorney fees beyond those allowed in an interpleader

action. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm in part and reverse in part.

On December 4, 2001, Dougherty County conducted a non-judicial tax sale of

the property at 3111 Winterwood Avenue (the “Property”) for unpaid taxes.

Heartwood 11, Inc. (“Heartwood”) purchased the Property at the tax sale, which, after

payment of all past due taxes and costs, generated $45,274.54 in excess funds (the

“Funds”). On November 26, 2002, FairbanksCapitalCorporation (“FCC”) redeemed
the Property from Heartwood, and a quitclaim deed was recorded in Dougherty

County identifying FCC as the redeeming party. 

Over eleven yearslater, in January 2014, Denver Collins-Hooten, acting asthe

tax director of Dougherty County (the “Tax Director”), filed an interpleader action

in the Superior Court of Dougherty County and deposited the Funds into the court’s

registry. The Tax Director named Otis Bridges, Eric Bridges,

1 FCC, and the Georgia

Department of Revenue asrespondents with a potential interest in the Funds. The trial

court granted the Tax Director’s motion to serve all respondents by publication, and

Eric responded in July 2014, asserting his claim to the Funds. The following month,

Eric filed a “Motion to Disburse Proceeds or in the Alternative for Grant of Summary

Judgment,” noting that he was entitled to the Funds and that no other persons or

entities had made any claim to the Funds. 

On September 2, 2014, the Tax Director filed a separate motion to disburse,

acknowledging that Eric was the only respondent to respond to the interpleader

action. In her motion, the Tax Director also included a claim for attorney feesrelative

1 Otis Bridges, who subsequently passed away in May 2005, was the record

owner of the Property at the time of the tax sale in December 2001. Eric Bridges is

the administrator of Otis Bridges’ estate and his sole heir. For the sake of clarity, we

will refer to these individuals as Otis and Eric. 

2
to the filing of the interpleader action in the amount of $3,735 and requested a

hearing to determine which of the respondents should receive the Funds. On

September 10, 2014, the trial court entered an order granting Eric’s motion to

disburse the Funds, awarding the full amount to Eric, subject only to the Tax

Director’s filing of a bill of costs. 

The Tax Director thereafter filed an emergency motion to set aside the order

and halt the disbursement of the Funds on the grounds that the trial court did not

allow it a full 30 days to respond to Eric’s motion to disburse, which she

characterized as a motion for summary judgment. The same day, the Tax Director

moved for an extension of time to respond to Eric’s motion, as well as for leave to

substitute party defendant FCC with Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc. (“SPS”).2 The

trial court then entered separate orders halting any disbursement of the Funds, setting

aside its previous order awarding the Funds to Eric, and granting the Tax Director’s

motion to substitute. 

2

It appears from the record that at some point the Tax Director learned that

FCC had been acquired by SPS after FCC had already redeemed the Property.

Although SPS was served on October 7, 2014, it is undisputed that SPS never

responded to the interpleader petition, and SPS is not a party to this appeal. 

3
Following a hearing, the trial court entered an order denying Eric’s motion to

disburse the Funds and a subsequent order finding that SPS is the entity with a

priority interest in the Funds. However, because SPS did not make a claim for the

Funds, the trial court ordered the Funds to be disbursed to the Georgia Department

of Revenue

3

after payment of attorney fees totaling $8,183.57 to the Tax Director.

This appeal followed. 

1. In his first two enumerations of error, Eric asserts that the trial court erred

in finding that SPS has a priority interest in the Funds. Whether SPS has a priority

interest in the Funds under the relevantstatutesis a question of law, which we review

de novo. See City of Atlanta v. Hotels.com, 289 Ga. 323, 325 (1) (710 SE2d 766)

(2011). 

Under Georgia law, if a property owner fails to pay county property taxes, the

county may conduct a sale of the property to satisfy the unpaid taxes. See OCGA §

48-4-1. Following a tax sale, the tax deed vests the purchaser with a defeasible fee

interest in the property that continues for a one-year period during which time other

interested partiesretain a statutory right of redemption. Land USA, LLC v. Ga. Power

3 Pursuant to OCGA § 48-4-5 (c), after five years have elapsed fromthe tax sale

date, the party holding the excess funds is to pay over to the Georgia Department of

Revenue any unclaimed excess funds. 

4
Co., 297 Ga. 237, 239 (1) (773 SE2d 236) (2015) (delinquent taxpayer or party

holding interest in or lien on property may redeem property by paying to tax sale

purchaser the purchase price plus taxes paid and interest). “If the property is

redeemed, the tax sale is essentially rescinded and a quitclaimdeed is executed by the

tax sale purchaser back to the owner of the property at the time of levy and sale.” Nat.

Tax Funding, L.P. v. Harpagon Co., LLC, 277 Ga. 41, 42 (1) (586 SE2d 235) (2003). 

And when “a creditor of the original taxpayer redeemsthe property, the amount

paid by the redeeming creditor becomes a first lien on the property. The redeeming

creditor then has first priority to repayment – a ‘super-lien’ for the redemption price

– and may proceed to foreclose against the property based upon that lien.” Nat. Tax

Funding, 277 Ga. at 42-43 (1). Other lienholders at the time of the sale that have not

been fully paid – through excess funds or otherwise – retain their presale liens on the

property. See DLT List, LLC v. M7VEN Supportive Housing & Dev. Group, 335 Ga.

App. 318, 321 (1) (779 SE2d 436) (2015). 

When a tax sale generates additional funds more than those necessary to satisfy

the tax lien, OCGA § 48-4-5 (a) governs the payment of excess tax sale proceeds.

That statute provides:

5
If there are any excess funds after paying taxes, costs, and all expenses

of a sale made by the tax commissioner . . . the officer selling the

property shall give written notice of such excess funds to the record

owner of the property at the time of the tax sale and to the record owner

of each security deed affecting the property and to all the other parties

having any recorded equity interest or claim in such property at the time

of the tax sale. Such notice shall be sent by first-class mail within 30

days after the tax sale. The notice shall contain a description of the land

sold, the date sold, the name and address of the tax sale purchaser, the

totalsale price, and the amount of excessfunds collected and held by the

tax commissioner, tax collector, sheriff, or other officer. The notice shall

state that the excess funds are available for distribution to the owner or

owners as their interests appear in the order of priority in which their

interests exist.

4

The Tax Director argued below, and the trial court agreed, that SPS has a

priority interest in the Funds, relying on this Court’s decision in Wester v. United

Capital Financial of Atlanta, LLC, 282 Ga. App. 392 (638 SE2d 779) (2006), which

held that the interest of the redeeming creditor takes priority over any claims on the

property, including the property owner’s interest. However, shortly after the trial

court entered its order, Wester was expressly overruled by DLT List. 335 Ga. App. at

4 The record does not disclose whether the Tax Director or her predecessor had

provided the required notice to interested parties within 30 days of the tax sale. 

6
320.

5

In DLT List, this Court explained that Wester had incorrectly expanded the

holding of Nat. Tax Funding to mean that the redeeming creditor could both redeem

the property and receive excess funds from the tax sale to pay for the priority lien

created by the redemption:

Instead, Nat. Tax Funding held that following a tax sale, the holder of

a lien has two options – it may either file a claim to collect against

proceeds from the sale, or it may assert its rights following the tax sale

via a statutory claim for redemption, in which case it obtains a first

priority lien on the property, which it may then enforce by levy and sale.

(Citation and punctuation omitted.) 335 Ga. App. at 323 (1). Thus, the trial court

erred in relying on Wester to find that SPS, as the redeeming creditor, had a priority

interest in the Funds and in denying Eric’s motion to disburse on that basis. 

The question then is whether the trial court properly granted the Tax Director’s

motion to disburse the Funds on grounds now asserted by the Tax Director – that SPS

had a separate recorded security interest on the property at the time of the 2001 tax

5 We note that our Supreme Court recently granted a writ of certiorari in DLT

List. See Case No. S16C0646. However, under our Constitution’stwo-term rule, this

Court is required to “dispose of every case at the term for which it is entered on the

court’s docket for hearing or at the next term.” Ga. Const. Art. VI, § IX, ¶ II. Thus,

“we are not at liberty to delay the disposition of appeals in anticipation of pending

decisions from [our own] Supreme Court.” In the Interest of J. F., 338 Ga. App. 15, 

18 (789 SE2d 274) (2016). 

7
sale. Based on our review of the record, SPS’s purported security interest is only

referenced in the quitclaim deed executed upon the redemption sale. The security

deed is not in the record nor is there any evidence of the actual amount of the security

interest. To the contrary, in support of his motion to disburse the Funds, Eric

submitted the affidavit of a title examiner who averred that he examined the real

property recordsfor the Property for the period 1981 to 2014 and found that Otis had,

over the years, secured payment of borrowed money with several individuals and

banks, including NationsCredit,

6

but that each of the respective security deeds had

been satisfied of record and that there were no outstanding security deeds under or

in his name secured by the Property. Although the Tax Director now argues on appeal

that there was insufficient evidence presented to the trial court to support a finding

that SPS’s security deed was cancelled, at the hearing on the parties’ cross motions

to disburse, the Tax Director, through counsel, conceded that any outstanding security

deeds had been paid even before the Property’s several subsequent sales. This

argument has therefore been waived. See Reed v. State, 294 Ga. 877, 879 (2), n.2

(757 SE2d 84) (2014); Hollberg v. Spalding County, 281 Ga. App. 768, 774-75 (2)

6 The title examiner further explained that NationsCredit appointed FCC as its

duly authorized power of attorney for all loans whose servicing was transferred from

NationsCredit to FCC in 2001 and recorded the power of attorney on July 8, 2002. 

8
(b) (637 SE2d 163) (2006) (“Admissions of fact, made by a party’s counsel during

a hearing or trial are regarded as admissions in judicio and are binding on the party.”)

(citation and punctuation omitted). 

Although SPS apparently had an interest in the Property at the time of the tax

sale that gave it a statutory right of redemption, it is undisputed that SPS’s security

deed has now been fully satisfied, and it no longer retains any priority lien on the

Property. See DLT List, 335 Ga. App. at 321 (1). Accordingly, the trial court erred in

finding that SPS is entitled to receipt of the Fundsinstead of Eric, asthe administrator

of the original owner’s estate.7 See OCGA § 48-4-5 (b) (“Such excess funds shall be

distributed by the superior court to the interested parties, including the owner, astheir

interests appear and in the order of priority in which their interests exist.”).

2. Eric next asserts that the Tax Director was not a disinterested party to this

interpleader action because she made a direct claim to at least a portion of the Funds

and thus has no standing to recover attorney fees. OCGA § 48-4-5 (b) provides in

pertinent part:

7 Based on our holding in this Division, we need not address Eric’s fifth

enumeration of error, in which he asserts that he is entitled to the Funds because SPS

defaulted after failing to file an answer or otherwise present its claim following the

Tax Director’s personal service of the interpleader petition on SPS. 

9
The tax commissioner, tax collector, sheriff, or other officer may file,

when deemed necessary, an interpleader action in superior court for the

payment of the amount of such excess funds. . . . The cost of litigation

of such an interpleader action, including reasonable attorney’sfees, shall

be paid from the excess funds upon order of the court. 

The record here confirms that the Tax Director not only sought the cost of bringing

the interpleader action, but also directly claimed entitlement to a portion of the Funds

for “ad valorem taxes that may be either presently due or past due on the subject

property.” While this assertion was improper,8

the trial court did not award any

portion of the Funds to the Tax Director for this purpose, nor do we find that such an

improper allegation invalidates the entire interpleader action. The Tax Director is

clearly permitted under Georgia law to otherwise bring an interpleader action

regarding excess funds following a tax sale. See OCGA § 48-4-5 (b). Accordingly,

this enumeration of error provides no basis for reversal. 

3. In the alternative, in his final enumeration of error, Eric maintains that the

trial court’s award of attorney fees to the Tax Director must be reduced. In her initial

8 See Iglesia Del Dios Vivo Columna Y Apoyo De La Verdad La Luz Del

Mundo, Inc. v. Downing, 321 Ga. App. 778, 781 (742 SE2d 742) (2013) (tax

commissioner not authorized to use excess funds to satisfy any outstanding ad

valorem taxes accrued on the subject property after the tax sale). 

10
motion to disburse the Funds, the Tax Director asserted a claim for $3,735 in attorney

fees. However, after the trial court initially awarded the Fundsto Eric – subject to the

payment of the attorney fees requested by the Tax Director – the Tax Director

continued to actively litigate the matter, including filing an emergency motion to set

aside, requesting a hearing, moving to substitute one of the potentially interested

parties, and filing an amended interpleader petition before attending and arguing at

the hearing on the motion to disburse. At the time the trial court ultimately entered

its final order disbursing the Funds, the Tax Director requested and received an order

granting attorney fees in the amount of $8,183.57. 

Because OCGA § 48-4-5 (b) provides in mandatory language that the trial

court “shall” award attorney fees, the award of attorney fees will be affirmed on

appeal if there is any evidence to support it. See Grapefields, Inc. v. Kosby, 309 Ga.

App. 588, 589 (710 SE2d 816) (2011). As explained in Division 2, under Georgia

law, a tax commissioner is authorized to file an interpleader action for the payment

of the amount of any excessfunds available following a tax sale. OCGA § 48-4-5 (b).

And the statute authorizing the filing of an interpleader action also provides that

“[t]he cost of litigation of such an interpleader action, including reasonable attorney’s

fees, shall be paid from the excess funds upon order of the court.” Id. This statute

11
does not specifically limit the actions to be taken by a tax commissioner in litigating

the action, and the trial court here found the attorney fees submitted by the Tax

Director to be reasonable. Based on the record before us, we cannotsay that there was

no evidence to support the trial court’s award of attorney feesto the Tax Director. See

LN West Paces Ferry Assocs., LLC v. McDonald, 306 Ga. App. 641, 646 (1)

(although attorney fees were substantialrelative to the damages at issue, moving party

presented evidence fees were reasonable in light of amount of time and expense

required). 

And although Eric argues on appeal that certain time entries showed work

unrelated to this action and should not have been included in the trial court’s order

awarding attorney fees, he failed to object on these specific grounds below. Thus, this

argument was waived and presents nothing for review in this appeal. See Primas v.

City of Milledgeville, 296 Ga. 584, 585 (769 SE2d 326) (2015).

Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part. Miller, P. J., Ellington, P. J.,

Phipps, P. J., Dillard, Branch, Mercier and Peterson, JJ., concur. McFadden, J.,

concurs as to Divisions 1 and 2 and dissents as to Division 3.

12
A16A1029. BRIDGES et al. v. COLLINS-HOOTEN et al.

MCFADDEN, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.

I concur in Divisions 1 and 2. Because the Tax Director is entitled to

reasonable attorney fees only for discharging the limited role of a plaintiff in

interpleader, I respectfully dissent from Division 3. 

A requirement for a plaintiff to file an interpleader action is that she “must not

have or claim any interest in the subject matter.” Almand v. Reese, 209 Ga. 138, 142

(71 SE2d 223) (1952). Once she is no longer disinterested, she loses the right to

require the other partiesto interplead. See Gardner v. Haas, Howell &Dodd, 178 Ga.

685, 687 (173 SE 863) (1934). 

And although OCGA § 48-4-5 allows the trial court to award reasonable

attorney fees, in interpleader actions, “[t]he general justification for granting counsel

feesisthat the stakeholder is helping the partiesto a prompt result, and because of the
minimal work required to institute a suit in interpleader, the fund will not be seriously

depleted.” Mass. Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Central Penn Nat. Bank, 372 FSupp. 1027,

1044 (E.D. Pa. 1974) (punctuation omitted). The crucial factor isthat the stakeholder

must be disinterested in the outcome. Midland Nat. Life Ins. Co. v. Emerson, 121 Ga.

App. 427, 428 (a) (174 SE2d 211) (1970) (citations omitted). If the stakeholder is not

disinterested, “it is necessary for the court to segregate the costs incurred in

performing the ‘stakeholder’ function and award the plaintiff only those fees.” Mass.

Mut., 372 FSupp. at 1044. 

Here, as the majority acknowledges, the Tax Director was not disinterested.

First, as noted in Division 2 of the majority opinion, the Tax Director herself made

a direct claim to a portion of the funds. Second, as the majority acknowledges, the

Tax Director acted as an advocate, arguing that SPS had a priority interest in the

funds. The proper course would have been for the Tax Director to seek dismissal as

a party to the action, not to assert her own claims or to advocate on behalf of another.

Cheek v. Savannah Valley Production Credit Assn., 244 Ga. 768, 770 (5) (262 SE2d

90) (1979). I would hold that the Tax Director was not entitled to attorney fees for

asserting her own direct claim or for acting as an advocate for SPS, vacate the award

of attorney fees, and remand for recalculation accordingly.

2