II 

117TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 2274 

To authorize the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security 

Agency to establish an apprenticeship program and to establish a pilot 

program on cybersecurity training for veterans and members of the 

Armed Forces transitioning to civilian life, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 24, 2021 

Ms. HASSAN (for herself and Mr. CORNYN) introduced the following bill; which 

was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and 

Governmental Affairs 

A BILL 

To authorize the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency to establish an apprenticeship 

program and to establish a pilot program on cybersecurity training for veterans and members of the Armed 

Forces transitioning to civilian life, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Federal Cybersecurity 

5 Workforce Expansion Act’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress finds that— 

3 (1) the need for qualified cybersecurity per4 sonnel is greater than ever, as demonstrated by the 

5 recent SolarWinds breach and the growing spate of 

6 ransomware attacks on critical infrastructure enti7 ties and State and local governments; 

8 (2) the Federal Government is facing a short9 age of qualified cybersecurity personnel, as noted in 

10 a March 2019 Government Accountability Office re11 port on critical staffing needs in the Federal cyber12 security workforce; 

13 (3) there is a national shortage of qualified cy14 bersecurity personnel, and according to CyberSeek, a 

15 project supported by the National Initiative for Cy16 bersecurity Education within the National Institute 

17 of Standards and Technology, there are approxi18 mately 500,000 cybersecurity job openings around 

19 the United States; 

20 (4) in May 2021, the Department of Homeland 

21 Security announced that the Department was initi22 ating a 60 day sprint to hire 200 cybersecurity per23 sonnel across the Department, with 100 of those 

24 hires for the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Secu25 rity Agency, to address a cybersecurity workforce 

26 shortage; and 


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1 (5) the Federal Government needs to— 

2 (A) expand the cybersecurity workforce 

3 pipeline of the Federal Government to 

4 sustainably close a Federal cybersecurity work5 force shortage; and 

6 (B) work cooperatively with the private 

7 sector and State and local government authori8 ties to expand opportunities for new cybersecu9 rity professionals. 

10 SEC. 3. CYBERSECURITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY 

11 APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title XXII of the 

13 Homeland Security Act (6 U.S.C. 651 et seq.) is amended 

14 by adding at the end the following: 

15 ‘‘SEC. 2218. APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM. 

16 ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

17 ‘‘(1) AREA CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDU18 CATION SCHOOL.—The term ‘area career and tech19 nical education school’ has the meaning given the 

20 term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and 

21 Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302). 

22 ‘‘(2) COMMUNITY COLLEGE.—The term ‘com23 munity college’ means a public institution of higher 

24 education at which the highest degree that is preVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:36 Jul 15, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2274.IS S2274

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1 dominantly awarded to students is an associate’s de2 gree, including— 

3 ‘‘(A) a 2-year Tribal College or University, 

4 as defined in section 316 of the Higher Edu5 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c); and 

6 ‘‘(B) a public 2-year State institution of 

7 higher education. 

8 ‘‘(3) CYBERSECURITY WORK ROLES.—The term 

9 ‘cybersecurity work roles’ means the work roles out10 lined in the National Initiative for Cybersecurity 

11 Education Cybersecurity Workforce Framework 

12 (NIST Special Publication 800–181), or any suc13 cessor framework. 

14 ‘‘(4) EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROVIDER.— 

15 The term ‘education and training provider’ means— 

16 ‘‘(A) an area career and technical edu17 cation school; 

18 ‘‘(B) an early college high school; 

19 ‘‘(C) an educational service agency; 

20 ‘‘(D) a high school; 

21 ‘‘(E) a local educational agency or State 

22 educational agency; 

23 ‘‘(F) a Tribal educational agency, Tribally 

24 controlled college or university, or Tribally conVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:36 Jul 15, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2274.IS S2274

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1 trolled postsecondary career and technical insti2 tution; 

3 ‘‘(G) a postsecondary educational institu4 tion; 

5 ‘‘(H) a minority-serving institution; 

6 ‘‘(I) a provider of adult education and lit7 eracy activities under the Adult Education and 

8 Family Literacy Act (29 U.S.C. 3271 et seq.); 

9 ‘‘(J) a local agency administering plans 

10 under title I of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 

11 (29 U.S.C. 720 et seq.), other than section 112 

12 or part C of that title (29 U.S.C. 732, 741); 

13 ‘‘(K) a related instruction provider, includ14 ing a qualified intermediary acting as a related 

15 instruction provider as approved by a registra16 tion agency; 

17 ‘‘(L) a Job Corps center, as defined in sec18 tion 142 of the Workforce Innovation and Op19 portunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192); or 

20 ‘‘(M) a consortium of entities described in 

21 any of subparagraphs (A) through (L). 

22 ‘‘(5) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.— 

23 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘eligible en24 tity’ means— 

25 ‘‘(i) a program sponsor; 


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1 ‘‘(ii) a State workforce development 

2 board or State workforce agency, or a local 

3 workforce development board or local 

4 workforce development agency; 

5 ‘‘(iii) an education and training pro6 vider; 

7 ‘‘(iv) if the applicant is in a State 

8 with a State apprenticeship agency, such 

9 State apprenticeship agency; 

10 ‘‘(v) an Indian Tribe or Tribal organi11 zation; 

12 ‘‘(vi) an industry or sector partner13 ship, a group of employers, a trade asso14 ciation, or a professional association that 

15 sponsors or participates in a program 

16 under the national apprenticeship system; 

17 ‘‘(vii) a Governor of a State; 

18 ‘‘(viii) a labor organization or joint 

19 labor-management organization; or 

20 ‘‘(ix) a qualified intermediary. 

21 ‘‘(B) SPONSOR REQUIREMENT.—Not fewer 

22 than 1 entity described in subparagraph (A) 

23 shall be the sponsor of a program under the na24 tional apprenticeship system. 


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1 ‘‘(6) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.— 

2 The term ‘institution of higher education’ has the 

3 meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher 

4 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 

5 ‘‘(7) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY; SEC6 ONDARY SCHOOL.—The terms ‘local educational 

7 agency’ and ‘secondary school’ have the meanings 

8 given those terms in section 8101 of the Elementary 

9 and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

10 7801). 

11 ‘‘(8) LOCAL WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT

12 BOARD.—The term ‘local workforce development 

13 board’ has the meaning given the term ‘local board’ 

14 in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Oppor15 tunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102). 

16 ‘‘(9) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term 

17 ‘nonprofit organization’ means an organization that 

18 is described in section 501(c) of the Internal Rev19 enue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under 

20 section 501(a) of such Code. 

21 ‘‘(10) PROVIDER OF ADULT EDUCATION.—The 

22 term ‘provider of adult education’ has the meaning 

23 given the term ‘eligible provider’ in section 203 of 

24 the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (29 

25 U.S.C. 3272). 


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1 ‘‘(11) RELATED INSTRUCTION.—The term ‘re2 lated instruction’ means an organized and system3 atic form of instruction designed to provide an indi4 vidual in an apprenticeship program with the knowl5 edge of the technical subjects related to the intended 

6 occupation of the individual after completion of the 

7 program. 

8 ‘‘(12) SPONSOR.—The term ‘sponsor’ means 

9 any person, association, committee, or organization 

10 operating an apprenticeship program and in whose 

11 name the program is, or is to be, registered or ap12 proved. 

13 ‘‘(13) STATE APPRENTICESHIP AGENCY.—The 

14 term ‘State apprenticeship agency’ has the meaning 

15 given the term in section 29.2 of title 29, Code of 

16 Federal Regulations, or any corresponding similar 

17 regulation or ruling. 

18 ‘‘(14) STATE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT

19 BOARD.—The term ‘State workforce development 

20 board’ has the meaning given the term ‘State board’ 

21 in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Oppor22 tunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102). 

23 ‘‘(15) WIOA TERMS.—The terms ‘career plan24 ning’, ‘community-based organization’, ‘economic de25 velopment agency’, ‘industry or sector partnership’, 


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1 ‘on-the-job training’, ‘recognized postsecondary cre2 dential’, and ‘workplace learning advisor’ have the 

3 meanings given those terms in section 3 of the 

4 Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 

5 U.S.C. 3102). 

6 ‘‘(16) QUALIFIED INTERMEDIARY.— 

7 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified 

8 intermediary’ means an entity that dem9 onstrates expertise in building, connecting, sus10 taining, and measuring the performance of 

11 partnerships described in subparagraph (B) and 

12 serves program participants and employers 

13 by— 

14 ‘‘(i) connecting employers to programs 

15 under the national apprenticeship system; 

16 ‘‘(ii) assisting in the design and imple17 mentation of such programs, including cur18 riculum development and delivery for re19 lated instruction; 

20 ‘‘(iii) supporting entities, sponsors, or 

21 program administrators in meeting the 

22 registration and reporting requirements of 

23 this Act; 


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1 ‘‘(iv) providing professional develop2 ment activities such as training to men3 tors; 

4 ‘‘(v) supporting the recruitment, re5 tention, and completion of potential pro6 gram participants, including nontraditional 

7 apprenticeship populations and individuals 

8 with barriers to employment; 

9 ‘‘(vi) developing and providing person10 alized program participant supports, in11 cluding by partnering with organizations to 

12 provide access to or referrals for supportive 

13 services and financial advising; 

14 ‘‘(vii) providing services, resources, 

15 and supports for development, delivery, ex16 pansion, or improvement of programs 

17 under the national apprenticeship system; 

18 or 

19 ‘‘(viii) serving as a program sponsor. 

20 ‘‘(B) PARTNERSHIPS.—The term ‘partner21 ships described in subparagraph (B)’ means 

22 partnerships among entities involved in, or ap23 plying to participate in, programs under the na24 tional apprenticeship system, including— 

25 ‘‘(i) industry or sector partnerships; 


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1 ‘‘(ii) partnerships among employers, 

2 joint labor-management organizations, 

3 labor organizations, community-based or4 ganizations, industry associations, State or 

5 local workforce development boards, edu6 cation and training providers, social service 

7 organizations, economic development orga8 nizations, Indian Tribes or Tribal organi9 zations, one-stop operators, one-stop part10 ners, or veterans service organizations in 

11 the State workforce development system; 

12 or 

13 ‘‘(iii) partnerships among 1 or more 

14 of the entities described in clauses (i) and 

15 (ii). 

16 ‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF APPRENTICESHIP PRO17 GRAMS.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enact18 ment of this section, the Director may establish 1 or more 

19 apprenticeship programs as described in subsection (c). 

20 ‘‘(c) APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAMS DESCRIBED.—An 

21 apprenticeship program described in this subsection is an 

22 apprenticeship program that— 

23 ‘‘(1) leads directly to employment in— 

24 ‘‘(A) a cybersecurity work role with the 

25 Agency; or 


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1 ‘‘(B) a position with a company or other 

2 entity provided that the position is— 

3 ‘‘(i) certified by the Director as con4 tributing to the national cybersecurity of 

5 the United States; and 

6 ‘‘(ii) funded at least in majority part 

7 through a contract, grant, or cooperative 

8 agreement with the Agency; 

9 ‘‘(2) is focused on competencies and related 

10 learning necessary, as determined by the Director, to 

11 meet the immediate and ongoing needs of cybersecu12 rity work roles at the Agency; and 

13 ‘‘(3) is registered with and approved by the Of14 fice of Apprenticeship of the Department of Labor 

15 or a State apprenticeship agency pursuant to the 

16 Act of August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the 

17 ‘National Apprenticeship Act’; 29 U.S.C. 50 et seq.). 

18 ‘‘(d) COORDINATION.—In the development of an ap19 prenticeships program under this section, the Director 

20 shall consult with the Secretary of Labor, the Director of 

21 the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 

22 Secretary of Defense, the Director of the National Science 

23 Foundation, and the Director of the Office of Personnel 

24 Management to leverage existing resources, research, comVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:36 Jul 15, 2021 Jkt 019200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2274.IS S2274

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1 munities of practice, and frameworks for developing cyber2 security apprenticeship programs. 

3 ‘‘(e) OPTIONAL USE OF GRANTS OR COOPERATIVE

4 AGREEMENTS.—An apprenticeship program under this 

5 section may include entering into a contract or cooperative 

6 agreement with or making a grant to an eligible entity 

7 if determined appropriate by the Director based on the 

8 eligible entity— 

9 ‘‘(1) demonstrating experience in implementing 

10 and providing career planning and career pathways 

11 toward apprenticeship programs; 

12 ‘‘(2) having knowledge of cybersecurity work13 force development; 

14 ‘‘(3) being eligible to enter into a contract or 

15 cooperative agreement with or receive grant funds 

16 from the Agency as described in this section; 

17 ‘‘(4) providing students who complete the ap18 prenticeship program with a recognized postsec19 ondary credential; 

20 ‘‘(5) using related instruction that is specifically 

21 aligned with the needs of the Agency and utilizes 

22 workplace learning advisors and on-the-job training 

23 to the greatest extent possible; and 


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1 ‘‘(6) demonstrating successful outcomes con2 necting graduates of the apprenticeship program to 

3 careers relevant to the program. 

4 ‘‘(f) APPLICATIONS.—If the Director enters into an 

5 arrangement as described in subsection (e), an eligible en6 tity seeking a contract, cooperative agreement, or grant 

7 under the program shall submit to the Director an applica8 tion at such time, in such manner, and containing such 

9 information as the Director may require. 

10 ‘‘(g) PRIORITY.—In selecting eligible entities to re11 ceive a contract, grant, or cooperative agreement under 

12 this section, the Director may prioritize an eligible entity 

13 that— 

14 ‘‘(1) is a member of an industry or sector part15 nership; 

16 ‘‘(2) provides related instruction for an appren17 ticeship program through— 

18 ‘‘(A) a local educational agency, a sec19 ondary school, a provider of adult education, an 

20 area career and technical education school, or 

21 an institution of higher education; or 

22 ‘‘(B) an apprenticeship program that was 

23 registered with the Department of Labor or a 

24 State apprenticeship agency before the date on 


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1 which the eligible entity applies for the grant 

2 under subsection (g); 

3 ‘‘(3) works with the Secretary of Defense, the 

4 Secretary of Veterans Affairs, or veterans organiza5 tions to transition members of the Armed Forces 

6 and veterans to apprenticeship programs in a rel7 evant sector; or 

8 ‘‘(4) plans to use the grant to carry out the ap9 prenticeship program with an entity that receives 

10 State funding or is operated by a State agency. 

11 ‘‘(h) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Director shall 

12 provide technical assistance to eligible entities to leverage 

13 the existing job training and education programs of the 

14 Agency and other relevant programs at appropriate Fed15 eral agencies. 

16 ‘‘(i) EXCEPTED SERVICE.—Participants in the pro17 gram may be entered into cybersecurity-specific excepted 

18 service positions as determined appropriate by the Direc19 tor and authorized by section 2208. 

20 ‘‘(j) REPORT.— 

21 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not less than once every 2 

22 years after the establishment of an apprenticeship 

23 program under this section, the Director shall sub24 mit to Congress a report on the program, includ25 ing— 


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1 ‘‘(A) a description of— 

2 ‘‘(i) any activity carried out by the 

3 Agency under this section; 

4 ‘‘(ii) any entity that enters into a con5 tract or agreement with or receives a grant 

6 from the Agency under subsection (e); 

7 ‘‘(iii) any activity carried out using a 

8 contract, agreement, or grant under this 

9 section as described in subsection (e); and 

10 ‘‘(iv) best practices used to leverage 

11 the investment of the Federal Government 

12 under this section; and 

13 ‘‘(B) an assessment of the results achieved 

14 by the program, including the rate of continued 

15 employment at the Agency for participants 

16 after completing an apprenticeship program 

17 carried out under this section. 

18 ‘‘(k) PERFORMANCE REPORTS.—Not later than 1 

19 year after the establishment of an apprenticeship program 

20 under this section, and annually thereafter, the Director 

21 shall submit to Congress and the Secretary of Labor a 

22 report on the effectiveness of the program based on the 

23 accountability measures described in clauses (i) and (ii) 

24 of section 116(b)(2)(A) of the Workforce Innovation and 

25 Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3141(b)(2)(A)). 


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1 ‘‘(l) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

2 authorized to be appropriated to the Agency such sums 

3 as necessary to carry out this section.’’. 

4 (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 

5 The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Se6 curity Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–296; 116 Stat. 2135) 

7 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 

8 2217 the following: 

‘‘Sec. 2218. Apprenticeship program.’’. 

9 SEC. 4. PILOT PROGRAM ON CYBER TRAINING FOR VET10 ERANS AND MEMBERS OF THE ARMED 

11 FORCES TRANSITIONING TO CIVILIAN LIFE. 

12 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

13 (1) ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘‘eligible 

14 individual’’ means an individual who is— 

15 (A) a member of the Armed Forces 

16 transitioning from service in the Armed Forces 

17 to civilian life; or 

18 (B) a veteran. 

19 (2) PORTABLE CREDENTIAL.—The term ‘‘port20 able credential’’— 

21 (A) means a documented award by a re22 sponsible and authorized entity that has deter23 mined that an individual has achieved specific 

24 learning outcomes relative to a given standard; 

25 and 


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1 (B) includes a degree, diploma, license, 

2 certificate, badge, and professional or industry 

3 certification that— 

4 (i) has value locally and nationally in 

5 labor markets, educational systems, or 

6 other contexts; 

7 (ii) is defined publicly in such a way 

8 that allows educators, employers, and other 

9 individuals and entities to understand and 

10 verify the full set of skills represented by 

11 the credential; and 

12 (iii) enables a holder of the credential 

13 to move vertically and horizontally within 

14 and across training and education systems 

15 for the attainment of other credentials. 

16 (3) VETERAN.—The term ‘‘veteran’’ has the 

17 meaning given the term in section 101 of title 31, 

18 United States Code. 

19 (4) WORK-BASED LEARNING.—The term ‘‘work20 based learning’’ has the meaning given the term in 

21 section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Tech22 nical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302). 

23 (b) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year after 

24 the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Vet25 erans Affairs shall establish a pilot program under which 


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1 the Secretary shall provide cyber-specific training for eligi2 ble individuals. 

3 (c) ELEMENTS.—The pilot program established 

4 under subsection (b) shall incorporate— 

5 (1) virtual platforms for coursework and train6 ing; 

7 (2) hands-on skills labs and assessments; 

8 (3) Federal work-based learning opportunities 

9 and programs; and 

10 (4) the provision of portable credentials to eligi11 ble individuals who graduate from the pilot program. 

12 (d) ALIGNMENT WITH NICE WORKFORCE FRAME13 WORK FOR CYBERSECURITY.—The pilot program estab14 lished under subsection (b) shall align with the taxonomy, 

15 including work roles and associated tasks, knowledge, and 

16 skills, from the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Edu17 cation Workforce Framework for Cybersecurity (NIST 

18 Special Publication 800–181), or any successor frame19 work. 

20 (e) COORDINATION.— 

21 (1) TRAINING, PLATFORMS, AND FRAME22 WORKS.—In developing the pilot program under sub23 section (b), the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall 

24 coordinate with the Secretary of Defense, the Sec25 retary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of 


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1 Labor, and the Director of the Office of Personnel 

2 Management to evaluate and, where possible, lever3 age existing training, platforms, and frameworks of 

4 the Federal Government for providing cyber edu5 cation and training to prevent duplication of efforts. 

6 (2) FEDERAL WORK-BASED LEARNING OPPOR7 TUNITIES AND PROGRAMS.—In developing the Fed8 eral work-based learning opportunities and programs 

9 required under subsection (c)(3), the Secretary of 

10 Veterans Affairs shall coordinate with the Secretary 

11 of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the 

12 Secretary of Labor, the Director of the Office of 

13 Personnel Management, and the heads of other ap14 propriate Federal agencies to identify or create 

15 interagency opportunities that will enable the pilot 

16 program established under subsection (b) to— 

17 (A) bridge the gap between knowledge ac18 quisition and skills application for participants; 

19 and 

20 (B) give participants the experience nec21 essary to pursue Federal employment. 

22 (f) RESOURCES.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—In any case in which the 

24 pilot program established under subsection (b)— 


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1 (A) uses a program of the Department of 

2 Veterans Affairs or platforms and frameworks 

3 described in subsection (e)(1), the Secretary of 

4 Veterans Affairs shall take such actions as may 

5 be necessary to ensure that those programs, 

6 platforms, and frameworks are expanded and 

7 resourced to accommodate usage by eligible in8 dividuals participating in the pilot program; or 

9 (B) does not use a program of the Depart10 ment of Veterans Affairs or platforms and 

11 frameworks described in subsection (e)(1), the 

12 Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall take such 

13 actions as may be necessary to develop or pro14 cure programs, platforms, and frameworks nec15 essary to carry out the requirements of sub16 section (c) and accommodate the usage by eligi17 ble individuals participating in the pilot pro18 gram. 

19 (2) ACTIONS.—Actions described in paragraph 

20 (1) may include providing additional funding, staff, 

21 or other resources to— 

22 (A) provide administrative support for 

23 basic functions of the pilot program; 


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1 (B) ensure the success and ongoing en2 gagement of eligible individuals participating in 

3 the pilot program; 

4 (C) connect graduates of the pilot program 

5 to job opportunities within the Federal Govern6 ment; and 

7 (D) allocate dedicated positions for term 

8 employment to enable Federal work-based 

9 learning opportunities and programs for partici10 pants to gain the experience necessary to pur11 sue permanent Federal employment. 

12 SEC. 5. FEDERAL WORKFORCE ASSESSMENT EXTENSION. 

13 Section 304(a) of the Federal Cybersecurity Work14 force Assessment Act of 2015 (5 U.S.C. 301 note) is 

15 amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by strik16 ing ‘‘2022’’ and inserting ‘‘2025’’. 

Æ 


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