REF ID:A393BO 

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Entire £1tles to Be EVaeuated . , ' . ' • to '~ j\L .... •'; 

SovietH~Bo~ ~laim Ch~rtge~ 

:~§·~~~ ~~f~n~ Policy'. · 

Dr. Lapp, a tt0ted 11uele~/·pJi11seir( """ former!u ca high ojlclal i11 the Govemme11t'r atomic bomb project. This is the 

!Clrt of three carticles 011 Che Sotriet H.{iomb a1111ou11ceme11t. 

By Ralph E.. Lapp I 

Malenkov's claim that the to the Increasing destructiveSoviets bave the H-bomb has nesa of m o d e r n n u c I e a r 

produoed a drastic change In weapons? Even before the adpolicy In United . States civil vent of the H-bomb, the threat 

defense. While not yet ofllclally '-· blgg · d •- amiounced, the new · Federal posed u;r er an b.,;i;er A· 

Civil Defense policy Is evacua· bombs had caused CD lead!'rs 

tlon of city populations before to r.eexallline uiheir planning an attack. . _ · · . a s s u m p ti '! n s ,;'-bout Soviet 

Th!l policy crisis within the atomic capability. Federal Civil Defense Admlni&- •Originally, the Soviets were tratlon has been building up credUed with being ~ble to proever since Preildent Eisenhower duce only a Nagasaki-type bomb 

appointed Gov. Val Peterson to -.-one equal to 20,,000 tons of 

head up our lagging civil de- TNT ID power. Quite recently, 

fense,';el!ort. :Malenkov's • dra- FCDA shifted Its sights to a maticr .. ailllouncement. whether Soviet A-bomb 2'i!i times more true "Ol"·faise, precipitated. the powerful. And just prior to IBBue ID FCDA. Malen!<ov's apeecb , . CD plan· 

The Issue was .. simply this: ners were urging'· that still 

Could a eiYll deleDse be geared ~ee BOMB, Page 9, CoL 1 

Sovie,t H-B~~b .CZ!U~ Clianges .U.-S~ Civil Defens_e Polit;y 1 . 

BOltlB-Fr0tn Page I · hundred atomic sclentlits and had· roofs ·they would be · ghost Arctic (ground-based radar and , · civlll•n. e:spertl partlcipa~d ·ID plants-without workers, · wltb· search radar carried by •&as 

bigger A·bombs-equal to 100,· ~e study. · Qut pQwer, and without supplil!!I patrol aircraft flytng across the 

000 ton• of TNT-be 888Umed, Unfortunately, the report ls ~feed the production Hoe: · North· Pole) we can get early 

As. the •saumed power·of tbe not really available to· the pub- .. Tbe United States could be warning. We do not have· this 

S

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ot1eJ t·bOmbs was raised ·our lie but lt will be published In a kilocked out by a savage and sua- early .warning now because our c v 1 _, e e

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n.se experts became In- popular ;version In the Septem- talned atomic attack. This ·con- radar Installations are too close • crea .. ng 1 worried that 110 cor- ber issue of. the Bulletin ot *111! clusion· is confirmed by cold sta- to home. . . ' 

responding change was .being Atomic S.cientls~. · · ·· · tistic:S · comJ)iled by expert The Federal Civil Defense I 

made In CD plans for our cities. Key sclentlstii.' working on analyst&: ·. · . · Aclminlstration was driven to .L . 

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Some FCDA omclals recog- Project East Rivl!r had full ac- :What, then, do we do about adopt a new policy-evacuating - !!t~d i:;•: the United States cl- cess to itouilc data:· As a reiult this unpr~dented tllNat? How our cltles-becaustt'lts 'experts i-··, ·. · ·; ·. · 1 • •. • · · ·· · · • · · · 

P~ o£e-c:;rngw;~:c:l,~f:;8t they made·theh' analysis based do

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wa man81T to· survive? recognized ~at .you 'simply ~n:·1n 'the•'ilream '~a~ f(, tect~-\io~~-hcnr~i{.,,.;,.l'uce of old-fashioned 

11145 

mod:l nponrtlm:.-aasumed exlitence.of ie·u1yr.flr!iutne ,of de.fense I• cann:!lioala1.hiofthecl!f!!Dd.!!.aV! ~aucha:bomb. ·~:.,., . theiiL ·· ~· ,,.;._:. _''!>".'':I , A-bombs 

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CD nuclear weapons In the megaton c ar ii ary one. In ye"' muc pe coming ou~ 1lll- -"'h . · . .. · eo s · ur measures range-meaning :H·bombs, tbe terday's .. artlcle in tbis series scathe~. Get~ out.of the city.· ~. e.iroDJ1of·.tbe sltuaUcln is ~ Fe~al.Government can 

lierto=ah~ly ~: gtssster -::- equivalent of more . tllan one the need for a atrong air defense Is the nnly way out fot' '.civil that' MilwaUkee · Is one . of the no .l~er ·evade the ~ue. It 

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d . w c were e- million tons of TNT •. This. was to intercept enemy bombers was defense. · · · ··· · few cities to work out a g d st' break · ·.. · · · " 

!ff!': an !::omf!C:i~:,:e-~tec:; a big break for FCDA for it pre- eflilpliaslzed. · However, air de- Jllst when FCDA will omc1a11y c1vi1 defense. plaJL. daref:, :,1:.,ti . admf• ~=t~ .. ~~ .the !!'.· 

f t !villa · n • pared the age11cy for Malen- ense cannot be perfect. Some anpounce Its new civil defense .. .. . . , . • ~.. weapon w8!r 0:J c ~efe~seh was da kciv'a ·H·bomb a11d · Its Impact bombers will always get through policy is problematic. It ia a made ~lan~ave been drawn to la In existence, and describe lta 

whlc'l: B '°U:f ve ~n i° \he ~in on United States civil. defense. -and this Is where civilian de· highly touchy subject." ... · · evac:,a.:, 1 waukee citJ:-dwell- el!ects.. Othent.lile cl vii defense wa r 0 use . n e ast It is lmp01Blble to attempt fense comes In. . . For one thing It flatly contra· era e ocations outside the will,, sink to deeper throes of r, el!ectlve then, rldiculoua any summary of.the voluminous Civil defense has one prime diets previous FCDA policy. A md etropolis. How, Is their c:'vll apathy and we might just as Jlow. East ·River repol't . but 8 few objective-to protect your life. former director .laid· do\\>n the efense direct~ going to as- well forget about It. Likewise, 

FJ~X J:11rft :"t;fCC, e:ivtncea "target" atat!Stlcs on ·United You are the least ·common de- policy, ''Don't take to the bills." ;;h7· f:!' :rar.,•es. tha~ l'll7 place unless the f&eμi can be told, the 

Ian 8 a c ange Its States vulnerability may lndl· 'nominator of our civil defense. ·Furthermore, and most basic · 8 · · ·•· · Federal Civil Defense' AdmlnisP · ~ wl\8 atll!'!,.gthy .~tudy known cate how the experts viewed the Bedu~ed to its simplest terms to the 111ue, FCDA Is not ~there isAabsolutely no reason tratlon m111 never annonnce Its as ro,ec .,ast River. Of. oveNll problem. . · the problem ·confronting civil allowed· to talk about the H- Wu;r ~c F.llergy. Com- new policy. of. evacuation-no 

llclally released to a lilnlted In 11 of our cities w.bich are defense Is your Individual sur- bomb. • This fact ab 0 v e all IPiaslon and: the · I>efe'!88. De- one will have any · CODfldence , grou.p. early this year, this re- highest On· the H-bomb target vival, and that of your family, stymies anything the . agency partment shoul\f continue to re- that It will be. elfectlve. : · ' 

port Is a careful analysis of the list there are 8ome a&-milllon and of the millions of people ~ tries. to do. Any civil defense fuse to release the facts about That la wby President •Elsen-

;!nerablllty of the United people. Over two-thirds of these our target cities. plan worth. the" paper It Is what modern nlU?]ear. we~pons hower ·must talul matters· Into tes to atomic attack. One llt'banitea live witbin direct How do you survive an A· written on bas to be backed up can._.~J· After all, ·,the facts his own hancla and crack the 

---====::::;;;;·;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;- striking distance of an H-bomb bomb? Or an H-bomb? · · with facts. How do you plan nee...,.. ~ncem the el!ects ·of hard shell of ~cy about the ·- accurately dropped on· each eitJ. Three ~erent answers have without the facts? Ot without bCllllba, not their ,Intern~ arch!- H·bomb. 1 • •• '. • •• • 

Some 76·milllon·people live in been given but to date one of being able to tell the fads?" ' J... our 100 · largest metropolitan these bas been only whispered This Is the enl&:ma Pllaed by 

areas. Not all these 100 target& about. our near-blind policy of atomic 

would be worth an H-bomb-at 1. One ph!loaophy proposed secrecy. · ·. least a big H·bomb. Most of them by the die-hards of civil defense · In the absence of facts rumors In fact could ·.be thoroughly has been "stay put and take It." will grow. These rumors will 

smashed bf very· powerful A- Tbls concept akin to "Damn the exaggerate the power of the H- · bombs. . Some could be ..ieva- torpedoes, full speed ahead" bomb until Is assumes the proatated by bombs llOt much larger might work for TNT blockbust- Poi:tlons of a weapon against than that dropped . on Nagasaki. era but It won't work for city- which you cannot hope to plan . However, the astonishing con- busters. ·Still, up to last week a defense. ·This Is already 

cluslon Is that one ouf of eveey some local CD d I r e c t o r a happening. · ; two American lives in a ·city stoically maintained that civil- Conslder, for example, the 

which qlialilles lililllarlly aa ·an lanf should take their chances state11:1ent made by one Senator 

Al or H-target. ,,~ • · . . . - jusf as c1o soldlei;a on the troot that ap H-bomb ·burst over · U is an ironic fact that the line. Chicago would wipe out Mll-

''best ·target&" for H-bombs are The meaning of the H·bomb waukee. This statement Is· not found in the United States, not and of the big A·bomb ls that base~ upon fact. It demancla 

In Ruasia. Only two Soviet cities If you stay put and take It you offlc1al refutation. Unofficially, 

-Moacow and Leningrad-eom' will probably stay put perma- one can calculate ho'w big such 

pare with some dozen United nently. a bomb would be, It would be 

States cities on the H-larget Ust · ll. A second school of. civil a monstrous contraption-:-lf It 

the criterion being concentra: defense ~Inking is based upon could by soll!e weird st,retch of 

tion of people and Industry . everyone a havtng good shelters the lmagln~t1on be. constr_ucted · These.dry statistics sugg~st the to which they ean retreat In at all-weighing much 'more extreme perll which modem time of attack. There Is no than 100 tons.· No airplanes are 

nuclear weapons . pose for the doubt that shelters can provide . United States.· ·Project East protection from A·bomba and 

River analysts concluded that 1 even H·bombs. 

full-scale attack on 100 United However, there are some big 

States targets could produce IFS. If :vou have the shelter, if 

almost 20 mllllon deaths and an you are not too close to the 

equal number of casualties. ' bomb burst, and If there la no Llttl;e imagination ;1 nqulred tlrestorm to sweep the city, to visualize the effects' of aucb 1 then you stand a good chance of 

blitz. Even if our factories still surviving. The blg11est IF ls . . · constructing the shelter. Good 

shelters cost money and to date 

very few have been built. When 

FCDA proposed a big shelter 

program to the Coqress it was flatly turned down. 

3. The · third phllosopby of 

atomic survival is to GET OUT 

OF TOWN. In other words to leave the target city In advance 

of the attack. The big IF here 

Is getting enough warning so that you ·have time . to put 

distance between ;you and the 

bomb. 

However, if we· establish an early . warning IQ'Stem in the