• REF 

Patented Aug. 10, 1937 2,089,603 

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 

1,089,603 

CIPHERING MACIONE 

Boris Cesar Wiiheim llaplln, Stockholm, Sweden 

Applleatlon A'Qll8i 11: 1935. 8erlal No. 37.Sll 

In Sweden l'ebrllaQ' 21, 1935 

10 Claims. (CL 35-3) 

ID cJpherJng machines mechanJcal means are Extending between the end walls are a plu- UIU&lb' emp}OJ'ed in order, after each Indication rallty of shafts 8, 1, I and I of which the shafts 

or marking of a primary sign, that ls, a clear I and I are rigidly attached to the end walls. 

text sign, when ciphering, and a cipher-sign, while shaft I ls rotatably and shaft 1 both ro5' when deciphering, to change the posiUon, or ef- tatably and slidably mounted therein. Secured to 5 

feet the displacement, of the element or elements the shaft I Is a toothed wheel I 0 meshing with 

wblch serve to reproduce, or control the repro- & toothed wheel I I on the shaft of a crank 11, 

ductlon of the secondary signs, that Is, the cipher- whereby the shaft I can be rotated ln the dlrecllllDB. when ciphering, and the signs of the orig- tlon of the arrow II <Plg. 4> when the crank ls 

10 IJl8l text, when deciphering. The reproduction rotated In a clockwise direction 10 

of the secondary signs may be effected by any of Mounted on the shaft I so as to rotate thereon 

the methods as hitherto used in connecUon with independently of each other, are & plurality of 

clpher!ng machines, that Is to say, by direct read- wheels IC to 18, hereinafter referred to as "keying, by printing, by the reading from signal lamps wheels". Each of these key-wheels ls rigidly 

15 or by printing on a typewriter, The devices as attached to a toothed wheel II to 13, respec- 15 

hitherto used for effectlng the displacement have tlvely, and each of these toothed wheels ls Jn 

only allowed certain predetermined adjustments mesh wlth_a separate_one of a set of pfnJons H--

and; as a resulf,~thej hive-not been abfe tO aJford - to 28 carried by the.shaft 1 By pushing the shaft 

the large range of variations which ls necessary 1 to the right In Pig 2, against the action of 

2o to safeguard, at least practically, the cipher the spiral spring 29, which tends to keep the 20 

against unauthorized reading shaft In the position shown In the figure, the 

The present Invention has for Its primary ob- toothed wheels H-18 can be brought out of mesh 

Ject to provide a dlsplaclng device which permits wfth the toothed wheels 11-11 In order to perthe production of ciphers which will be practically mlt a rearrangement of the key-wheels wfth re25 bnposslble to force Another object of the ln- spect to each other To this end the shaft 1 25 

vention is to provide a ciphering machine having carries a knob ID at its end projecting through one 

.such a displacing device, which is of a compara- end wall I of the casing The shaft 1 also 

tfvely simple structure, easy to handle and so carries a toothed wheel II having a bush 32 

compact that ft may be carried fn a pocket formed with an axially extending slot engaged by 

30 The invention js characterized, chlefiy, by the a pin II secured to the shaft 1 CP.lgs 2 and 5> 30 

fact that the displacing device comprises a plu- The toothed wheel I I ls, therefore, caUSec:I to roTallty of operative elements so arranged that they t.ate with the shaft 1 but does not follow the 

may be brought Into and out of operative PoSltlon, shaft when dlsplaeed axially Secured to the 

In order to permit any desired variation of the shaft I Is an arm I I by whlch the toothed wheel 

35 number of elements In operation at a time and, I I ls moved one step for each revolution of shaft 31i 

thus, also of the number of displacing steps. I. By this movement the pinions H-28 carried 

A ciphering mac'!llne embodying tb1s invention by the shaft 1 are also moved one step, inasmuch 

lg illustrated In the annexed drawings. Fig 1 as eaeh of them has the same number of teeth, 

!a a front view of the machine, and Pig. 2 ls a for Jmtance, ten, as the toothed wheel I I has 

40 plan view with the cover of the machine cas- The toothed wheels 11-11 rigidly connected to 40 

ing removed and with certain parts broken away, the key-wheels have each a cWferent number 

or shown in section. Pig 3 Is an end view, part- of teeth The numbers of the various wheels are 

17 In section, and Jl'lgs. 4 to 6 show cross sections chosen so that they, as far as possible, are prime 

on the Jines A-A, B-B and C-C, respectively, factors, or at any rate· have no common. denom415 of PJg. 2. inator. In the present example, the wheels 18--H 45 

Most of the parts of the clpherlng machine are have sevent,.een; nineteen, twenty-one, twentyenclosed In a boxllke casing, at the same time three, and twenty-flve teeth, respectively. By this 

forming the frame of the machine Said casing feature, the key-wheels will retum to their comcomprlses a bottom piece 4, which also constitutes mon starting position only after a very long Period 

10 part of the lateral wans of the casing, two end Of step-by-step movement through the action of 60 

walls I and 2, rlgldbr secured to the bottom piece, the toothed wheels H-28, corresponding to the 

and a removable cover I, which may, if desired, product of the numbers of teeth of all of said 

be binged to the bottom piece Also belonging toothed wheels. ' , to the frame parts Is a partition I secured to the The key-wheels are formed wltha set of eqU&l66 bottom pJece wbfch Is parallel to the end walls. Jy spaced az:lally extending holes adJacent the 65 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 08-12-2014 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 
' ~\-

• 

2 1,089,808 

perlpheno of tbe key-wheels, said holes beln1 

equal In number to tbe teetb of the respective 

toothed wheels 11-21. In8erted In said boles are 

c1Undrlcal pins II the leD8tb of whlch fa alllhtl>' 

IS larger than the width of the :teJ-wheel& Sald 

pins may slide In the holes so as to protrude on 

tbe one aide or the other of tbe kQ-wJJ.eels, 8Pl'lnir 

operated locking means, not shown, belnl' provided to maintain the Pim In their end positions. 

10 'lbe keJ-wheels CU'1'1' on their peripheral portion a row of signs, which In the case 111u8'.ratecl 

ate taken from. the letters of the alphabet. Bald 

BllD8 are visible thl'OUBh apertures H formed In 

the cover I and serve to Indicate the position of 

Iii the respective te1-wheelS. In order to facWtate 

tbe displacement of the ke1-wheel8 b1 hand, tbe 

iteJ'-wheeJs are provided with a mUled flange 

which can be operated through the aperture al. 

BJ means of pawls eDl&liDa the toothed wheels 

20 11-11, one of which la shown at 11 In Piii. 4, tile 

toothed wheels are maintained In proper ]J08.ltlon 

for restorJng their enpgement with tbe tootbed 

wheels Zt--21 when the shaft 1 fa allowed to return to its normal position, after .bavlnlr been 

25 decoupled. 

The shaft e canies a c,Undrlcal drum rillldl1 

aecmed to the shaft whlch eztends along the keJwbeelS. Said drum comprlsea two dfacs al, ke7ed 

to the abaft, and a number of bars II wb1ch en30 gage radial grooves in said discs, in which thu 

can sllde longltudlnllllJ'. Said bars are :mal.ntabled in their engagement with said grooves bJ' 

means of rtap •• provided at tbe ends of the 

drum. Said ban, the number of which In the ex- 35 ample sbown bl twentJ-ftve, may be pushed from 

their normal pGBftlon. as 8hown In Pig. 2, thua 

far to the left that, when tbe drum 18 rotated In 

the direction of the arrow II, their left hand ends • •. which represent a row of teeth, w1ll be brought 

40 Into engagement with the teeth of a toothed 

wheel '2 mounted on a Journal attached to the 

partition a. '1'he bars II are held ln their end 

positions bJ' means of sprinir operated locklnir 

members, not shown, or bJ' frictional engagement.. 

45 Each of said bus carries between the riDBB •• an abutment •• projectlnir slightly beyond the 

periphery of the drum. These abutments are arranged In IJ"OUP8 approxlmateJ1' In rel'IBter 

with the various keJ-wheels. Thus, for Instance, 

50 the abutment of one bar Is In resister with the 

keJ-wheel II, the abutments of two bars are ID 

resister with the key-wheel 11, the abutments 

of four bars are In register with the :teJWheel II, the abutments of eight bars are Iii ln resister wltll the :teJ-wheel II, and those of 

ten bars an ID register with the key-wheels ,._ 

The number of bars be10D8lnB to the lndl'Vldual 

groups Is so ch-.n as to allow any desired num- ber of bars. that la, In tbe example shown, fEOm 

80 one to twentJ-ftve, to be displaced to the left 

under the l!dlueace of one or more groups of 

abutments. 

'lbe displacement to the left of the bars II, lndlvldua1J¥ or In Bl'OUIJ8, fa eJrected bJ' means of 

85 IPllde arms •• disposed beside the :teJ-wheels, 

said IJUlde arms betnir mounted to 8Winl' about 

shaft I The IUlde arms are each formed with a projection .. a. Pig. 4, by means of which the7 

may be acted on by those pins II which protrude 

Tl) on the same aide of the key-wheels, where the 

IPllde a.nns are positioned, so as to be caused to 

swing towards the periphery of the drum II, as shown In Pl&. 4, and, as far as the IPllde levers 

provided beside the key wheels I•, 11 and 11 

715 are concerned, as also shown In PJir. 2. The 

upper ends of the BUlde U'Dls are bent to form 

oblique alldlng surfaces •• which In the above 

mentioned swung-out position of the guide arms 

are engaged by the abutments •• of the bars II 

when the drum II Is rotated, tberebJ displacing 6 

the abutments and thus also the bars II to the 

left In Pig. 2, brlnllnir their ends, which serve as teeth, Into proper pGBftlon for engagement with 

the toothed wheel H. In order to restore the 

ban II there ls provlded, Just. outside the respec- 10 

tsve Ueft.) end of the drum, a IUlde bar •• secured 

to \he partition I, the free end of which ta bent 

towards the drum In an oblique dlrect1on with 

respect thereto After tbe bars II have been in 

enpgement with the toothed wheel •z. the7 are JS 

broUcbt, upon the contlnUed rotation of the drum, 

Into engagement with said bent end of the bar •• 

to be therebJ' restored to their Initial or 8&artlnC 

PCl8itlon shown In Pig. 2. When the BUlde arms 

t4 are not beld In their IWUD8'-out poalbon by 18 

the action of a pin II of the respective key-wheel, 

"1eJ' are retracted from the drum under the action 

or sprtnp, one of which Is shown at •1 In Pig 

4, to the position shown In Pig. 2 In respect of 

the IUlde ums situated beside the key-wheels II !5 

and 11. BJ' this retraction the guide surfaces ••of the levers are moved to a. position outside 

the path of the respective abutments ••. so that 

upon the rotation of the drum the corresponding 

bars II will not be displaced and their ends sen- 30 

Ing as teeth wm not be able to engage the tootbed 

wheel •z. 

On tbe left hand side, Jl'lgs 1 and 2, of the 

clphertDB machine there Is a freely accessible Indicating device In the form of a Circular disc 35 •• "Ihis disc carries on Its peripheral Portion a set of Primal'7 Signs, which Jn the example uluatrated Include the twenty-six letters of the 

alphabet. Internationally used, ransed In their 

reBUlar alphabetic order. The Indicating disc " 40 

ls aecured to one end of a tubular shaft •• rotatabl7 mounted on the shaft I Attached to the 

other end of said tubular shaft •• Is a toothed 

wheel II, the number of teeth of which Is equal 

to the number of signs of the Indicating disc, that 45 

18, In the example shown, twenty-six Surrounding the tubular shaft •• Is another tubular shaft 

II looaeb' mounted on the shaft ••. on which 

the reproducing elements of the machine are mounted. Said elements comprise, In part, a re- so producJq or readl111 disc II and, In part, a type 

wheel U. The peripheral portion of the reproducJng or readl111 disc IZ carrle8 a set of second-

&1'7 sllDS wblch 1n the example shown consist 

of the same letters as those appearing on the 55 

IDdleatins disc ••. thouBh arranged in the re- versed order. Said secondaQ' stsna are for the 

sate Of readlns them visible throUBh an aperture M formed In the cover I. The type wheel 

U, which serves to reproduce the signs by print- 80 

1111' them m a manner to be hereinafter de8CJ'lbed, 18 provided with the same set or slsns aa those appearlnir on the reproducing or reading 

disc IZ, thouBh the type letters are, of course, 

elevated and formed u reflected Images of the 85 

respective letten and, In addition, displaced In 

the direction of rotation a certain angle SUlted 

to the place where the printing bl to take place, 

80 tha. the same sign w1ll be printed as that 

alm11ltaneou&17 visible tbrough the aperture H. 70 

Close • the toothed Wheel II carried bJ' the 

tubular shaft Cl, an ~ lllm1lar toothed wheel 

II 18 aecurecl to the tubular shaft 11, said wheel 

II being In constant mesh with the above men- tioned toothed wheel •1 that can be operated by fli 
I 

' 

9: 

• • REF ~8719 

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A,0891808 3 

the bars 39 "l'he said two toothed wheels 51 the shaft 9. The motion of the ratchet wheel 

and 5& and thus also the Indicating and repro- ls transmitted to the feed roller 19 which in turn 

ducJng elements earned by the respective shafts feeds the paper strip a distance correspanding •• and 5 I may be coupled together in order to to the proper distance between two type letters 

5 be rotated in common by means of a pinion 56, For the printing of the letters of the type wheel 6 

Pig 5, the width of which ls sufficient to permit upon the paper strip, there ls provided a bell 

the Pinion to simultaneou&Jy mesh with both uf crank lever 1l, 11, pivoted on the shaft 8 lmsald first-mentioned toothed wheels In order mediately inside the respective end wall I, the 

to enable the release of all of the above said two arms 1l, 18 of said lever forming approxl10 parts from each other, the pm1on 18 may be mately a right angle to each otber, as shown 10 

caused to swmg out of engagement with the In Pig 6 

toothed wheels &a and 55 To this end the pin· The free end of arm 11 ls olfset, as shown at 

ion II ls carried by the outer end of a lever 19, and protrudes through an opening ID In the 

11 mounted to oscillate about the shaft 8, the end wall f Into the guide cylinder 88, the periph15 oscillation of said lever being controlled by a eral Portion of which is broken away right OPPo- 15 cam 58 on the shaft 9 through 1.he lntermedl- site said aperture The aperture 81 and the um of a lever &9 the free end of which engages broken away part of the guide cylinder are sltthe cam, said lever 59 being attached to the uated at the place where the paper strip passes common bush H of the two levers 51 and 59 at the shortest distance from the elevated letters 

20 When released, the toothed wheels are main- of the periphery of the type wheel. The paper 20 

talned In their proper adjusted pas1tlon under strip is here exposed to a beat of the bammerthe Influence of individual pawls Thus, for in- like end portion 81 of the olfset end 19 of the 

stance, the toothed wheel 55 lS held in position lever arm 11, and owing to this beat the strip 

by a pawl 8f acted on by a weak spring, said will be pressed against that letter type of the 

25 pawl, however, allows a continued feeding of the type wheel which for the moment is In posi- 25 

wheel any desired number of steps The toothed tlon for printing This type has been Inked 

wheel S6 1s held In position by a pawl 62 carried from the Ink roller 82 In the preceding rotation 

by the lever 5T, acted on by a spring 63 which of the type wheel so as to make a print of the 

at the same time tends to restore the lever 51 letter upan the paper strip when pressed there30 back again to the position shown In Fig 5, against The beat of the hammer 81 Is controlled 30 

thereby keeping the lever 59 pressed agamEit the by a cam 83 on the shaft 8, Fig 6, said cam being 

cam 58 The toothed wheel 50, when released, ls formed with a recess into which the free end of 

held in its temporary position by a pawl 64 the arm 18 wtll enter, as the shaft 9 rotates, 

Thfs fs due to the fact that said last-mentioned under the influence of a spiral spring 8• acting 

35 pawl Is formed with an angularly bent arm 65, on the free end of the arm 18 'lbe type wheel 85 

the fork-shaped end of which 1s engaged by a _..fil.ld~~ J!Spe;r_r.Qll_are protected by::_a surround-: _ ·pin 1 DD--proJeeting -froiiitile-back Of"th'e-lever Ing metal border 85 secured to the end wan t, 

&1, as shown In Fig 5, which acts dunng the and outside the end of the paper roll there Is a outwal'd swinging motion of the lever 51 to carry protecting plate 8& carried by the screw-thread48 the angular arm with it, thereby bringing the ed end of the Journal 118 and held in place by a 40 

pawl H Into a pas1t1ve engagement with the nut 81 

teeth of the toothed wheel 50 The operation of the ciphering machine above 

The mechanism for printing the secondary descnbed is as follows· 'lbe maclune Is flrst adslgns ls constructed as follows On the left hand Justed, In order to bring It Into correspondence 

411 side wall I of the machine, Figs 1 and 2, there with other machines of the same type, so as to •Ir; 

is attached a pin 66 situated on a line with the function on a certain determined system To 

shaft 9, said pin being adapted to carry a paper this end certain predetermined pins 35 of each 

rolJ, Indicated by dotted lines at 61 in Fig 2. of the key-wheels 14-18 are pushed Into workconslstlng of a narrow paper strip From said Ing position, ths.t ls to say, to the left In Pig 2 

&Cl roll the paper strip is led from beneath round Then the key-wheels ,.__,. are released by 50 a guide cylinder 68, as shown in Fig 3 ugfdly pressing the knob 3D, Inasmuch as this pressing 

attached to the wall I which is concentric with action will bring the toothed wheels or Pinions 

respect to the shaft 1 The periphery of said H-28 out of mesh with the toothed wheels 

guide cyUnder extends almost to the type wheel I 9-23, belongmg to the key-wheels. The keyU 53 situated beside said cylmder The width of wheels are then rotated by hand, so that certain 5.'i 

the guide cylmder is leo;s than that of the paper predetermined signs wlJl be visible through the 

strip to allow a feed roller 69 situated beside the apertures 36 of the cover 5 The Indicating disc 

guide cyllnder to also enrage the paper strip, 48 Is now turned until a letter, agreed on, comes Said feed roller presents the same diameter as to a pasltlon m register with the arrow 88, apeo the guide cyhnder. and ls mounted on the shaft pea.nng on the protecting border 85, as shown 80 

'1 by means of a bush 70 A smaller ro11er 11 JS In Pig l, to serve as an Index, and at last also 

provided to press the paper strip against the the reproducing or reading disc 52 Is turned until 

feed roller, the periphery of said smaller roller a certain letter fs visible through the aperture H 

being preferably milled The Portion of said In order to permit the Ba.ld last-mentioned adGIS bush 10 situated Inside the machine carnes a justment, the crank t I is turned a little in either &·. 

ratchet wheel 12 engaged by a spring op:=!rated direction, so that the coupling between the re- pawl 13, Pig 6 This pawl is mount.cd on a produc1ng or reading disc 52 and the Indicating 

lever 11 which ls pivoted on the shaft 8 and the disc 48 will be released, allowing the former to 

end of which is formed as a tooth pressed against be rotated by operating Its milled flange accessl-

'lO a cam 16 on the shaft r under the action of a ble through the opening H After all parts have 70 

spring 75 The rotation of the shaft 9 Imparts been thus adjusted, so that their letters form a an osclllatlng movement to the lever 11 on ac- certain combination, which may, for instance, 

count of the shape of the cam The pawl 13 represent an arbitrarily chosen key word, the 

which takes part in this movemen wm feed the · apparatus is ready for use. '15 ratchet wheel 12 one tooth for each revolution of '1be ciphering of a message Is now accom- fl 
I 

REF ftti58719 

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4 1,088,808 

pDshed by turnJng the Indicating disc II ao u responding algm ot the cipher tezt and t1- ot 

to place tbe letters of tbe clear text. one after the clear t.ext. will tben alWQB be the -.me. a another. before the Index II fact which Is known per se from earlier clJdmlDS 

Subsequent to each adjustment of a letter. the machines. 

1 craalc 11 Is rotated In a clockwise direction one Thf' deYlce above deacrlbed for etrecuns the 

revolution from the position &bowD In Pig. 1. displacement ot the reproducing elemeD&a for tbe 

'lbl8 rotation will cause the drum II to perform secondary signs under tile control of the a,. one reYOllltlon ID the CUrectlon of the arrow 11. wheels permits the lull use ot all pnaelhlUU. of 

and. when the abutments of the ban II of said variation with regard to the cUaplacemen&a wblch 

10 drum pass be7oDd those of the IUlde arms " can be thought 1n connection with the mtea ot 10 

wblch are dlap]aced to operative Po8ltlon under alps under coDBlderatlon. allowing the PIOdac• 

the ln1luence of the plml II carried bJ' the lre.F- t1oD of a cipher well safeguarded qalnat 111l• 

wheell. the respect.Ive ll'OUP8 of bars II will be authorized reading. Due to the fact that tbe 

pPlbed to the Jeft, In order UPoD the cont1n11ed macblDe contains a number ot elements :repn. 

11 rotatloll of the drum to cUaplace the toothed sented br the bars II wblch corre&PoDda to the 11 

wheel II a corresponding number of steps The largest number of dlspJacement steps conceiYCOUPllDI between the t.ootbed wbeels II and II able, all df&placement Intervals POllllble. In the 

:bu been released at the belinnlng of the move- example shown lncludlnl from one to tweJlt7-

ment of the crank ID the war alreaQ cleacrlbed, five atel18. 11181' be obtained. In the present cue, 

20 and the t.ootbed wheel II meshing with the the said elements, I. e. the bars II, lllQ be IO 

toothed wheel 12 will, therefore, lka displaced the brought into and out or operative JJQdtton either same number of steps, canytng the reading disc Individually or ID suitable groups. '1be Dkl dlf12 and the tne wheel II with It, whlle allowlnl ferent Intervals follow each other In a repJar 

the t.ootbed wheel II and the Indicating disc II series, controlled bJ' the ker pins II, the perlOda 

15 to remain In their prevtOPS position With the of said series, however, being so Jons u not to 15 

adJllBtment shown In Pig. 2, a rotation of the present any holds whJch IDJQ' be utlllzedforanundrum II tbrolllh one revolution wW therefore authorized reading of the cipher. The len8tb of 

caue thole IP'OuPa of bars 19 which are repre- the period, u determined by the number and 

aented by one, four and ten abutments II to be pitch of the keywbeeJs, WUl In tbe case under 

80 displaced Into working position, and as a result, consideration be equal to 3 900.226. representing 80 

the toothed Wheel II and thus also the readlq the product o.r tbe numbers o.r teeth of tbe 

dl8c and the tne wheel will be dlspJaced .ftfteen toothed wheels I 1-21 associated with the kcwatepa, that Is, for Instance, from the letter A to wheels. B7 the choice of dHrerent keJ' words 

the letter P. The aald last-mentioned letter wm for evecy message to be ciphered, It la PDl8lble 

35 thus beeome the cipher letter desired in the ex- to produce a larle number of ciphers, wltboU II 

ample under camlderatlon. During the revolu- uslnl any part of a series of displacement ln'8r· 

tlOD, the arm H ls oaclllated by tbe cam 11 to - vals-of a previous message In a succeedln8 mes- - feed the J*per atrlP one .space, and when tbla sage It ls further to be noted that by IUltfeecUng :bu been completed, the !!Dd of the arm able adjustments of the pins II of tbe tev-wheell. 

40 11 will eD888e the recess of the cam II Just before it will be possible to form a Jarse number of new 410 

the revoluttan la ftnlllhed, causing the cipher series of displacement intervals, In the cue an- letter to be printed on the paper strip, as bere- der consideration, so large that their number 

lnbefore dellcrlbed After the last bar II has can onJ:v be expressed b7 an utronomlc ftlure. 

pa-.1 the toothed wheel 12, the ter-wheels are It la thus evident that an unauthorized readlns 

41 moved forward one step under th• lntluence of of a message ciphered b:v means of the machine a 

the tooth of arm II acting on the toothed wheel forming the subject matter of thJs Invention fa, 

II. and as aoon as the revolution bas been com- practlcall7, lmPoSSlble. 

pleted, all of the ban II have been restored to The dlsplaclq device herelnbefore deacrlbed u 

their starting PollltlOll under the action of the weU as the assocla.ted parts of the cl.pberlq maIO lulde bar Cl. The machine ls now ready for com- chine may, of course, be varied ID many cWrerent IO 

menclns the ciphering of the next clear text ways, as far as their construction II concerned, 

Jett.er without departing from the principle of tbe ID-

"'i'be deciphering of a cipher message 18 ac- ventlon 'lbe number of IP'OUP8 and the groupcompllshed In the same way u the cipher.Ing op- Ing of the elements acting In connectloD with a II eratlon berelnbefore described The machine Is displacement of the reproducing element.a for tbe 11 

ant adJuated to suit the combination of letters secondary sips may be clilferent from that above or the by word agreed UPon, and the letters of described and shown In the drawinp. 'l'l1e dlstbe clpber test are then brought before the In- pla.clq elements belonging to the vartoua IP'OUlll 

dex II, one after tbe other, and for each Jetter may be coupled together and controlled b7 a eo tbe craalc 11 Is turned one revolution, Just u common control member replacing the vutoua to 

It wu done In the elpherlng operation, allowing abutments II. PUrtbermore, tiler may be detbe conespondlng clear text letter to be read signed In allOtber wa:v than In the form of IUdlaB 

la the aperture M, or printed on tbe paper strip bars adapted to act as teeth, and may. for la· 

11. It Is to be noted that the poaslbllltr or em- stance, be arranged UPoD a disc or an 8flldwaleat 

81 ploJlag the a.me apparatus, without UlJ' modi- element Instead of uPOn a drum. ILlld u to tbllr • 

8ca&lalll, both for clPherlnl and declpberlng op- bringing into working pasJtlon, tbev mq be caa- eratlons. Is based on tbe fact that the JJrim&17 trolled bJ' other means than tbe JrQ-•lleell 

alphabet on tbe lndlcat.lng disc and the secondarJ' shown As to_ the Indicating and reprodw=tnc 

alphalld OD tbe reading dJsc and the t7pe wheel elements, It Is to be noted that sal4 elements 

70 are NCb1raCaJ. tbat Is. COD8lst al tbe same s1pa. may comprise. In their IDOllt simple form, a llDlle 70 

.n1loamh tbe IPmDdNJ' ll8DS are a.nansed ID an disc provided With signs, on which both the lndlbnllne lleQIU!llce u compared with. the primary cation of t.he piima.ry signs and, after nta11on 

......_ "!'lie angle of dlBplacement between the of the disc b7 means of the clisplacl111r devlce, 

lllam of tbe cleu' text and the correspnndtng readiD8' of the ciphered text may take plltoe. Ill 

n ...... ol Ille elilMI' tat, u CCllDJlllNd with. car- order that tbla appan.tas IDQ be u&e4 for de- 71 

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cJpberlng pUl'p08e8, it must be so deallned aa to enPllnl ll&ld gear wheel, and means for moving 

cause the disc to rotate backwards a number of said carrier tbroul'h I.ta entire path of rotation 

stepa as determined by the te:r series, Instead after each Indication of a primary ldgn, In order 

of rotating forwards, as In the ciphering opera- that the gear wheel may be acted upon by all 

6" tlon, or the disc may be displaced at Intervals, of the operating element.a In active position ao I 

the number of steps done by the disc at each as to be able to dfsDJace the aecondary lncllca.tlng 

Interval representing, when taken In relation to and reproducing means a number of steps up to 

the total number of signs of the disc, the com- that corresponc:llng to the number of secondar)' 

plement of the number of steps as done by the signs. 

10 disc at the displacement lntervala of the cipher- 3. In a ciphering machine, means for lndlcat.- 10 

Ing operation. Said Intervals may In the present Ing the primary signs, means for lndlcatlnl and case be easily obtained by allowing the disc to reproducing the secondary 81KD8, a toothed wheel 

be displaced under the action of those sliding for movtng said indicating and reprodueblg 

bars which rema.ln In their orlldnal position In- means after each indication of a prlmar:r .sign, 

15 stead of by those sliding bars which are pushed a dlsp)aclng deVice for var1abl7 operating said 11 

to the left Into their Inactive position, contrary toothed wheel, said displacing device Including 

to what ls the case In the coding operation. a rotatable carrier and a plurality of shlftable 

Likewise, the reproducing disc may be provided elements carried thereby, said elementa acting 

with signs appearing In an order quite different as teeth engaging said toothed wheel when abUt-

!O from that In which the signs of the indlca.tlng ed to operative pOlftlon, and means to lndMd- IO 

disc appear In that case It will be necessary, uaJiy bring predetermined groups of said elefor the deciphering operation, to have another menta Into operative position independently of 

ldentlcally adjusted machine Within reach, the the remaining groups. 

Indicating and reproducing dlsc8 of which carr:r 4 In a ciphering machine, means for lndlcat25 the same signs as the Indicating and reproducing ing the prtma.ry stgns, means for Indicating and II 

discs of the former machine, though arranged reproducing the secondary 81gns, a toothed wheel 

In the reversed order. It ls Possible, In the said for moving said indicating and reproducing 

last-mentioned case, to utilize one type wheel for means after each indication of a primary sign, 

printing the secondary text and the other for & displacing device for operating said toothed 

30 printing the primary text. The Indicating ele- wheel, said device lnclUdlng a rotatable carrJer 30 

ment may, without departing from the principle and a plurality of shlftable elements carried 

of the Invention, be designed, for instance, so thereby, said elements acting as teeth In engagethat the Indication may be realized by means of ment with said toothed wheel, guiding means to 

keys for the Individual primary signs, as In a engage said element.a In groups for brlnalng ln35 typewriter keyboard, or In some other way. dlvldual groups In operative position lndepend- .IS 

The displacing device according to the inven- ently of the remalnlng groups, and. means for 

tlon may, of course, also be applied to ciphering variably controlllng said guiding means machines having ciphering cylinders, I e. to elec- 5 _In_&_clpher:lng_macblne,-means-for-lndlcat--- -- - ---- - - -----'fric&l orelectromechanlcal clpherfug machl=nes=-. -in-'g the primary signs, means for Indicating and 

40 In that case the displacing device may either op- reproducing the secondary signs, " toothed wheel 40 

erate the ciphering cyllndenr directly or act to for displacing said Indicating and reproducing 

control contacts of an electrical or electrome- means after each Indication of a primary sign, 

chanlca.l displacing element. a displacing device for moving said wheel, said 

What I claim Is·- displacing device Including a rotatable carrier 

45 1 In a ciphering machine, means for lndlcat- and grouPS of shlftable displacing element.a car- 45 

Ing the primary signs, means for Indicating and ried thereby, said element.a being adapted to en- reproducing the secondary algns, a gear wheel gage said wheel, and the groups thereof being 

for operating said last-mentioned means after so arranged as to Include, either lndlViduall:r or each indication of a primary sign, a device for In combination With each other, BD7 number 61 

50 variably operating said gear wheel, said device units of displacing element.a up to the mulmum. 50 

lnclUdlng a rotatable carrier and a plurality of number as represented b7 all groups together, a operating elements carried thereby, said element.a guiding device for controlllng each lndlvtdual 

being ind1vidua1Iy movable on the carrier Into group, and a key-wheel for each guiding device 

and out of position for engaging said gear wheel, for bringing the respective group Into active Por>S and said carrier being adapted to be rotated sltlon Independently of the remaining groups. 61 

through It.a entire path of rotation after each 6. In a clphertng machine, means for Indicating 

mdlcatlon of a pnmar:r sign, In order that the the primary slgDs, means for Indicating and regear wheel may be acted upon by all of said producing the secondary signs, a toothed wheel 

operating elements In active position so as to be for displacing the position of said Indicating and 

80 able to displace the secondary lndlcatlng and re- reproducing means after each Indication of a prl- 60 

producing means a number of steps equal to the mar:r stgn, a displacing device for controlling said 

number of elements in active pasitlon. toothed wheel, said displacing devtce comprising a 2. In a ciphering machine, means for lndlcat- rotatable carrier, teeth In said carrier llhlfta.ble 

Ing the primary signs, means for Indicating and from an Inactive io an active position, 1D wbich 

86 reproducing the secondarY signs, said last-men- they may engage said toothed wheel, guiding 81 

tioned means bemg capable of occupying as many devices for shifting the pasltlon of said t.eeth In 

different positions as there are secondary signs, groupa, and key-wheels for controWng said gutd- a gear wheel for operating said secondary lndl- Ing devices. 

eating and reproducing means after each indl- 7. In a ciphering macblne, meam for Indicating 

70 cation of a primary sign, a device for variably the primary signs, means for Indicating and re- 70 

operating said gear wheel, said device including producing the secondary signs, a toothed wbeel a rotatable canler and as many Individually for displacing said reproducing means after each 

shlftable operating elements carried thereby as Indication of a prlmar;r sign, a dlsplaclng devtce 

there are secondary signs, means for bringing said for controJ.Ung said toothed wheel comprisl.ng a 71 operating elements Into and out of POSltlcm for rotatable drum and a set of ulallJ' extending ban 71 
REF p•A58719 

~ 

8 2,089,8\>3 

alldabl1' mounted in said drum, said bars being 

sblftabJe between two extreme pas.ltions, viz an 

inactive position and an active position, In which 

they protrude at one end of the drum for en1 gagement with said toothed wheel, means including key-wheels to control the shifting of the bars, 

and means to rotate said drum one complete 

revolution after each indication of a primary 

sign. 

10 8 In a ciphering machine, elements for lndlcasttng the primary signs, elements for Indicating 

the secondary signs, elements for reproducing the 

secondary signs, a toothed wheel to control the 

movement of said last-mentioned Indicating and 

11 reproducing elemenl.s, a rotatable drum adapted 

to be rotated one complete revolution after each 

Indication of a primary sign, a set of axially extending bars slldablY mounted in said drum so as 

to be capable of an axial movement therein be20 tween an 1nactlve position and an active position, 

in which said last-mentioned position they can 

engage said toothed wheel, guide arms to mo\'e 

predetermined groups of said bars Into activo 

position, and a set of key-wheels, one for each 

21 group, to control said guide arms 

9 A ciphering machine having, in combination, 

means for Indicating the primary signs, means 

for Indicating the secondary signs, means for 

reproducing the secondary signs, a. toothed wheel 

SO to control the movement of said indicating and 

reproducing means, a rotatable drum adapted to 

be rotated one complete revolution after each 

Indication of a primary sign, a set of axially extending bars slldably mounted In said drum so as 

to be capable of an axial movement therein between an Inactive position and an active position, 

in which they can engage said toothed wheel to 

move same upon the rotation of the drum, an I 

abutment on each bar, guide arms to engage said 

11.butments for moving groups of bars Into thefr 

active position, a set of key-wheels having adjustable operating pins for acting on said guide 

arms, said abutmrnts being arranged Into cir- 10 

rnmrerential g1 oups, a. guide arm bEllng provided 

for each group so that upon each revolution of 

the drum t'lie r::uide arms acted on by the respective key-wh1 t'ls will displace the corrP.Spondlng 

group of abu rpents and associated bars Into thelr 11 

active position 

10 A c1phermg machine having, In comblnaimn, means for lndJcal.lng and reproducing second1uy signs, a shaft, means to rotate said shaft 

one complete revolution upon each opera.tlon II 

therl'of, a drum on said shaft, axially extending 

bars slfdably mounted In said drum, another 

shaft, a set of key-wheels on said other shaft, 

means to rotate said key-wheels one step for each 

complete revolution of said first-mentioned shaft, II 

an Intermediate shaft, a toothed wheel thereon 

for operating &aid indlca.tlng and reproducing 

means, and means under the control of the keywheels for shifting the position of said bars to 

bring vanous groups thereof· into position to ao 

allow them to engage said toothed wheel and 

rotate same upon the rotation of the drum. 

BORIS CESAR WILHELM: HAGELIN 

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REF 

Aug. 10, 1937. BC W HAGELIN 2,089,603 

CIPHERING MACHINE 

Filed Aug 23, 1935 ~ Sheets-Sr.eet 2 

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Aug. 10, 1937. 

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REF 1i'aA58719 

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B C W HAGELIN 

CIPHERING MACHINE 

Filed Aug 23, 1930 

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