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REF ID:A60538 

11 lovember 194.:i 

ll'QAJ!PUJI Fe@ COJ8Wml!R J. J. JPI'l'ZOERAU> (OFFICE OF J,.A,G.} 

Subj1 Electric Ciphering J(achi11ee - Patent •1tuation with regard thereto. 

iteti (a) J.A.O. Cont. ltr. to seaWav dated :JO Septfiaber 19,12., ·and 

l'tference• therein. 

b ifeO.rn Patent. ll~86l:t857 dated 7 June 1932. - a Dam Patent #1,502,,3'76 dated. 22 Jul1' 1924. - cl Lemmon and Holt Patent #2.,116,68.3 dated 10 JfaT 1938. 

• Boll Patent #2,116, 7:31 dated l.O Ka7 1938. 

t CSP• 903, ll.27, U36, 16001 1700. 

I CSPa 904, 1128,, 1354, 1601, 1701. (De•or1ptione ot Ret. (t).) 

ln~lr (A) Copi•• Or reterence• (b),, (o), (d), (•), and (1). 

i. Reference (~) cave, the opinion that the t•.An!eraon-Seiler" cipher 

machine,, which waa the baei• ot the ll'ark I KClf,, did not infringe on H•bern 

patents or on other patent• tor oipher uohinea. .. 

2,. tater oipher maoh1.ne1 invented and uaed b;r the U.8. lfa'V)" •ince 1936, 

are J11Uoh different. in certain reapect.e tram th• "Anc:lereon-Se1l•r" •chine 

and po111bl1' contliot with the1e patent•, partiaularl.7 reterenc• (b) 

(Claiu 46, 47, 48, 53, 54, S~. and 61). '.lhree other patent•, not llated 

in .nterence (a),, have poaaible application or mi&ht be cited in 1ntrin&ement ~i~e, :naaelJ', r.terenc•• (a), (d), and (•). 

J. M!r anall'•1•,, ba•ed. on a:r ta.millarit, with nuaerou mod•l• ot the Hebern 

Olpher .Machine and our own machine•, 1• si ven below. I probabq haT• 

lii•..-d ~ legal implicationa1 but do teel qualified. aa to the con1truat1on 

jft_d action ot th••• uohinea. 'lhia llelllorand.wa ia •ub'llittad 1n order to ~tii!• m unotticdal approach to the .ubject and•• a baeia of diacuaeion. 

I e,xpect to follow up at acme l.ater period with a requeat tor patent• on 

reterenc• (t) am tor apiniona •• to poaaibility ot their 1ntr1ng1n1 on 

mating patents. 

4. Reterence (o) 11 illpqrtant t91-#two rea11on1, naaol.Tr 

He/ler,, Ht.le111 ~ !;_ .>74 ~ ~ r- \.\"<_fl-~ J:. It antedate• '1'91_..,nce -(h~ by a •t;~ef 6fet..Q_~~h!!.J --o o 

II. 1he unott1o1al ol.a.1.a haa been .made by Mr. lU.lliu. l'. 

Priedman, ot Signal Corp• Headquarter•~ that the Daa 

"colleotol"•" de•or:Lbed therein pertona the NM function 

a• the He"bern licod.11 wheel" aid, therefore,, the Dam 

patent inYalidatea the Hebern patent1. . . . 

11 own opinton 11 that tlit V.1 maoh1ne 1• mt.1rt1J di1'foron~ trQa th• K4'b~m uchine with re•peot. to alaills, deacription, and ceyptographic principle• 

lnvo"!Ted. 

!Declassified.and approved for release by NSA on 09-12-2013 pursuant to E.O. 1352§ 

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REF ID:A60538 r--

- 5. Reterenc•• (d) &rd (e) are 111.corporated in an experillental cipher machine 

built b7 the International Bu11nea1 •ohinea Corporation. The chiaa of 

theee reterence1 cover a 11 {manuall7 operable) priaal"1 machine and a aecol'Jdal*J' 

•chine operable trca the 1'1rat." !hie oleara ue entireq tram intrinaeunta 

bJ' our •ch1nea, which do not coaipri•• a "PrisarJ' •chine ard .. cond.&17 

echine operable troa the ti.rat. 11 It ie concmabl•,, however,, that our u• 

ot tand• operation (tor check dt1c1pheraent} in the ECK am COii 1• an 

intrin,;•ent. 'the "•econd.U7 •c:hine" tor cheok decipheraent ia an optional 

t•ture, and aoat or our ahipe arld. etation• do not employ it becaua• they onJ..7 have one machine. It this Itaint 1• thoroughly covered in the patent 

applications tor the lllL'rk ll ICKJ, our other machine• will be cleared 

automatilallT. 

&. Reference (b) (Hebem Patent fl,"61,,857) bas one aroup ot claw which 

a.re poeeibls' appllaable to the JILl'k II ICMi the llOd:ltied. Mark I ICJf., alll'l the 

QCM. Th•• clU.. (lfoa. 46 1.7, 48, and 6 ) cover autollat.io word epao1ng, lbich wae not Uicoj=por&ted In thtt "Ardereon-Sell•r" achine on which the 

QPinione of rtd'erence (a) were bli•ed. Automatio word apaaing •• add9d a1 a 

lav alteration in 19.)9. R•bernta patent thua antedate• our invention b7 

4 atter o1 aeven ~ri", •o our 1:>nq clearance can ccu in the wording ot 

R.ebern• • claiaa, name:1¥1 

~~af'ttcod.• and Deoodinc •chine" ~ed in tMa aW.. ~~. the . . ·. 4ouble-pr1nter •chine prn1.oual7 deacr1bed 1n thi• patent or 

th• ap:r!Mr.r •obin• am aecond.&17 •chine" ola!Md in 

twamon 12 .. ~~ ~.3 - am doea not a,pp'11' to !Dl Rav machine•, which have OllJl" one pr!J'lter. (b) "Ccsplete and correepond!!?g •tteot to that produced by the 

it.c:tliitlon or other or R.id (ood.-QJlbol) selector•" doee not ··- deacrib. the .otion ot t.he .pace-bar ot the !fav .machines. . . ~r apace-bar ia inaotl-v·e on Decipher (even it unuallJ' .. ~reaeed) and, therefor·•, do•• not ha-we th• "csl•t• and 

gorte'Porkling etreot ot other code-apbol aeleetora, 8 which . . . ~ •cti'M on R,!cipher ILB well aa ieotpher. - ~ . ... ' . :· ·. ,. . 

SU. •• (a) ot Claim #l+fa. 

uatable aean• tor connecting apace-bar to ~f>lle ot I . . urali of cod.e-aymbol •lectora" doee not. ap to the Nav 

· .· •~b. '19•,. wherein the 8J:>aoe-bar ia :lnvariabl.7 conneoted to the 

.aae code .,.bol aeleot4>r. 

W;~a~i.t~• 1~ ~t -~~, to the ~v .:.a~ .. wherein 

tb.• ttautomatio word-ap1.eern oircuita are integral parte. 

(b) "Incapaoita+.e a character" doea not appq to Ravy machine•, 

'frherein the word.-'J)ace a1rcu1t. actuatea th• apace -.net (ot · the *1-k ): ECll) or "print hammer aupprea•or magnet" (of the 

Mark XX lnK). 

(c) 11Appiied to t one ot a plur:alitt' of deaigna.tora,': doea not 

· ·lM>J1 to the Tl machin11, which hlv1 an11 one "•ol.'d.•apace d.eaipatm.n 

-2- COPY 
REF ID:A60538 

g~~l. a"Jlaohine arranced to produce anr1 print eoded and. deooded •••!"I••• doea not ap.Pl.T to the Hav •chinea, whioh ha•• onq 

a tinile Finter. 

(b) "Automa.ticall.7 operative" does not deecrib• the •v machine•, 

in wbichs 

(1) 11Controller" must be anuall_y aet to "l.noipher" or 

"Pla1.n11 becauee the •pace-bar i• inoperatiw at 

other poaitiona ot the "controller," and 

(2) 8pace-ar auat be unualq deprea1ed to be operative. 

7- Hebem Patent #l,861,457 cOYer• aaa control ot code-wheel stepping whioh 

i• aleo um in OSPa 90), ll27 • ll.36, 1600, aru:l 1700, and their &a•oo.:lated 

cede wheel•. Claims 15"J, 54,, and SS com.e cloae to theae Ha'V)" aach1ne•, but 

the wording ot the patent apparentJ.T ol•ara ua of infl"ina ... nt. H•bern 

Patent #1,861,857 118Atea and di1t1ngui•h•a theee t..ne• ot oaau (or o•aeana) 

in the cl.a.UuJ, name]Tt 

(a) "Cui lle&Da adapted to revolve with -- cod• wheel•• - Claiu #9-24 and Claim. 15.3. 

(b} "Code wheel• having out pro:l:ll•• aa1oc1at.d therelfithtt - Cl.aime #29-30 and Claiu 1Sl+-5S. 

(o) "Cod• wheels having ca p:rofUe1 tol'Md thereon" - Claiu 125-28. 

Th• cod• wheela uaed with the .ucl!tanic.U, controlled lav Jl&Ohiiiea ••'17 

de.f'!rd.teq have itcaa profile• to:riud thereon," thu• clearing ua b-oMt tJMJ 

ol.ailu listed under (a) and (b), iabove, ancl apeoUicallT clearing ua t:raia 

olaims #53, 54, and SS whioh haY• no other apparttnt di••'•il.ar1t7 troll. th• 

HaV •chin••· 'lhe ola:l.Ma under (o), above (#25-28) ue cleared bT other 

d•taila or these olaiu, nam.el;rc 1•controlltna •an• - tor Anc•eao1tat4.n& 

certain ratchet dog• at certain t:L-.!," Our control.lina a-.ia en~• 

(1 ••• e2aoitate•) certain ratchet do1•-at.·o•rtain tim••· Furtheretl.111 

ot reterence (t) my be tound in J:oere:r.nc• (g). 

a. It. 1a requestod. that. •nclo~• (A) b• ntum9d wh.n no longer requir.S. 

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