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REF ID:A521459 

WAR DEPARtMENT 

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER 

WASHINGTON 

February 2.'l, 1934 

M!i40RANOOM TOI Mr. Rowe, Patent Section, Air...£~»~· 

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. . I 

. _(Par138ra~h numbers refer to c;or~e.spondlngly numbered 

paragra)hS on a.x:amine;-' e report.) 

1. I see no reason for citing Dlrkes et al. It has absolutely no bearing on present invention a.'ld deals only with an 

improv61flent in tape trqnsm!tters. I likewise aea no reason for 

citing F'riedman. 

2. Nowhere in Hebern is a cipher-key tr!Ulamitter shown. In 

·Hebern the movements or displacements ~f tht! code wheels are purely 

mec~snical; they are.regular or periodic in character, a.nd controlled by rt.IDhet mechanisms intenral to the r:levice itsel.t'. In 

present invention these movements a:re controlled b-3 the cipher-key 

transmitter, in an aperiodic :ua.nner, by ~ ta~e which is e:t.:ternal 

to and not a part of the device itself. 

J. Make it rel!d "an electromagnet ruid an associated ratchet 

and pawl, ea.ch ra.tchet !lllld p11.wl actuating th'3 commutator with which 

it is associated, the set of commutator stepping mechan.18lll.sn.· •• 

etc., as before •. 

. . . . :. ·. · 4 •.. Th~-, ex~n.e~ .... t.aj.l~ -~- .<μ~~;1.i:igμ~ah betwe_~~- .those iJIU'ts of · · ·· .. ·:_the. r.ieoliwB.ju::.Whicli. are:_.·tri~ernaFto ·:·u; ·.(Viz~, -f.4~ :_keyboard, commu-

>'·_,t_ators, C:i?h~~k~ :.:trans~t:ber, _indi~at.i.rig .~ech.~·J;~) and the ex-

. ··teriial elameht .. which. is the key ta~o itself. It··1s not claimed - ·:that the ~ipher-~ey trR.nBmi.tt.er .is :.tbo_-:ext~nal ·element; this ·part ... c,r tha mechD.n!Sm is: controlled by. a perforate':f tap~; it· is the 

·-. latter el·~!Be.nt which is wholq external, ~an be removed, changed · 

. . and varied ·at :Will~ In all other ceyptogra,c:>hs known to me the . 

. k07itig mechani8m"·~a internal to and a p.ert of the cryptograph itself 

. and ~e~eforti". iJJPerentq ,presents _weakne~a· from. ~e cryptographic 

standpoing .that periodic1:. ty oan n(;t:;. be pre"ented; ·since. whatever the· 

keying mech~ism be (gear'-'·, cams, "etc.) the parts· the.reef l!llltit ope-

.rat., upon- mechanical principles embodying phase:. re~.rences, or 

cycles, or_ periods. It might serve to clarify_that·which the examiner . . ... 

·pfoproved for Release by NSA on t2.16~26·t3~ pursuant to E.O. 13s2a·. · · . . ·.~··· .. ·:.:. . ... -~-·. ,:· :·.:~· ... ·."·. :"·: .· . : .. · ... : .. . :.~~-~. _.:·.-

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REF ID:A5214S9 .... 

j • 

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. ,.~ .... Cldlla. St .9··10 • S~e coiiaeat. &8.-ln Pq~~ 4• .. ,. ~ . . .. . . ~ :'·. -. 

. . .4.-:.; .% em not. cl•$illna .llaztehcna•w bat tile_· ~b1Dat1on ot liorehouae •1f.Ji··lii'·'·:lil'.Yant.~on. 1o9·e...-, I 1roulc! not ins.lat on 01.i.·:9 1t ex~er 

····oon~es:·to ob3eot;;:: bllt as regards Olm 101· ·the t1sial·:·--clauae •tJ;ie -~ 

beri :ot·:acb abaraotera 1D tb• reapeotive "tap_e• 'be1Zll priae to "cme: .. anoth_er·~.- conaUtutal· an important illprovamanfi O'ler llorehouae, trOm a 

: .,?.'.~~~~~~~ ·--~~~ .ot _Yi~_·.":. ,--~~-di-~s .. -~-~~~ --~~wed ~'-~ .. ¥ .1-h~~e -~~rs are: not-..prinie. tcLons· anotherj; ·the fUU: .comlJJ:n·ator,r potent181.1t1ea-·ot 

the respoct1v~ ~eys c.,imnot _l>J> realized ~ pr11CtiQe• For exaple, 1t 

thera· .are two tapes, one contllin1Dg 1000 charact.v·a,· the other 5001 then 

attar t~a re'lfOlutions or the·loneer t11pe tho aombinatiou or the two 

tapes produces a reau.ltant which coincides with the resultant of tbe 

f 1rst revolution. In other wordA, instaBd ot having a singl~ roaultant 

key ot• 1000 .x SOO • soo.ooo characters the resultant is actually oal.7 

2000 characters in length. In the case of kers whose lengths are prime 

. t.o. a~ other, the resultant h~ a le.tent l;;inc;th that .1s .. th13 i)rOd\lct 

of tho1r indi v1dual langths. · · · 

. · 7-.· I thought auah claims wera allowable, but I blD. wil..Unt; to drop 

·them. 

8. Same coaaent as in Paragraph 4. 

9 •. We ce.n add some descriptive· data in the claims. but tho ·aperiodicity 

is c:Crf'ered in the :ipec1f1ca~-io:ru:. 

. . . 

. 1.2 •. Insert "practiaal.1¥•·betore the ~ord •n~n-~e9ent!ngn. Substitute 

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.. · .~J·~~~l~~-··. t~r -~~~~en~~-~-~; .... -~~----~~~~.: ~~acter~ .·co~~~-~-~~ng ;o.t .~rt_oratione ~l1~_te~"-1n··ae~rcian:ce::-.~.th ··a·.:Plval~1i-·c0de'!t··· ·:.·=·_>:·"· · :·.: ···: =.:= · · ··· · .-.~~=-

·:·\~~:}~::?ii.~.-:_: -~D: -~'.~# ~ :1~~t~in~- of"°:.6J!~~:=_~;;~·:·~~~;~.:th.,_=~~~d ··b~r·.~ to •kqa" •.. ·. 

-<::_::.;-.:"/··-:~:-···_:/'._~'.~~~-'-~(do ~i-·.q'1.·t~ --~-.~~and Ui~ ·U:~-~~r.•-1.-~~J-~ction th~t thq tail. 

· · ::w · Wine. ·the ··iliTeiitioii.•· · · ·. :· ·· · · .· · · · : . . . . . . . . . . . ... .- . . 

· ·: ··. ·_'.=;._:·14~-: lS, i6_.·. These method.claims. -~~--re-trict~~(-~--~t~e ~~chRDi~m oo~ed · .. ·· 

. :b.r.--~~.)~~-··~~-- -~~~~~~- · :-_~b".91< make ·110 ~~~-~·: oi:··.'.b.a~· .. ~c. ~d general, .· · ..blat·:~ef;~plied._t.Q a Oi7~y.ll-_hav1ng rot•t~b~e -~~~----~.-ncer·e or· the t,"pe :. d~~~~b~-~ ·. !he .. ~P.mi~er ·.18· .. cei"talnq in ~r--.~helf~ha(:atat.~~-- (16) 80bv1oualy . · no. ~~'-•._.of- -charaater or condition. ~· ett~ >btt:~e. F.~tioe or the · alleged·.111,tbocl•. In order. to appreciate ·the- real· -s1Snit1canoa ot the method:-.. . .. · ·qt~_&Ohi_ciY!na aperlod1a1t7_1n ·the operation··or:··wa .~t(,gi'apb· h•-:•111 have· · ·: 

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··":: REF ID :A521459.· . --

.· · .to learn tlOllathing of the sc~ence of dea~pber~g wi tbout the k~.• .... 

. ·· ·. · ·17, 18•· ·You can best answer these ·yourself but.-!" se0 ID3Df 

ditf'erencea· and d1atinotion11 between .. the cla1111s cited.· Claim l is 

clliterantiatod from Claill 2 bJ' the word : 11me_cba,niem• J the cipher-key 

transilitter ia one element, tr.a m.echani.$1 controlling it is another 

and ..... separate element. Claial 12 delimi~a· Claim ll and 1s more. 

· spec!tic• ·.Does a. claim to be valid have· to cite a· difterent use for .. tb •... eame :alerient ment.ioned in .another olailll'l H.awever, I am willing .... 

to. dx.-o_p .. 1i~ if 12. is al.lowed. · · · ·· 

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ifillia111 1''. Friedlllan • 

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