REF ID:A39755 

.· 

' . , 

't • " • .. ' • ' . , . 

.. ... 

. ' 

We clailb. 1 

... 

'. 

l. In a ~r1J>tograph, n .set ot.chsra~ter elements constituting 

a·ketboa.rd~ a.nd a set of indicating elemsnte, said elements being elac-_ . . . trlcall7 1nterreiated ; m.e~a co~ria:bJB a ~e~iee ot switching devices to 

eatablieh ceyp1;0f.'l'&ph~c rele.·U~nahips between 1&1d. aeta of elements r 

and me~ns to c11use sa.id s~ltchl:ag devices to perform cr1ptosr'" Pbic nbstitutlQI\ 

t\inctione aDl cryptograp~ic control fanctlo~ • 

.2 •. In a crypt~.Ph, a se'fi of'.~barscter elanan.ts comtituttns a 

ke7board, and c. aet of 1Dtllc!.t~ el~ats, Aid aets ot elements belng 

e1ectr:lcal17 interrelated.; means comprisi:ag a aer~ea of' CGllD'!lUtators to . . . . . 

8ftabliPh Cr:i>tt£"raphic r&lationahip8 between said aeta Of elema~ta I . . 

meant to ca.uea E.aid. comnm.t'l!tora t-o perform cry'Ptor-raphic Bu.bat! tution 

· _.tunctions 8.nd CZ'1J>togro.phic ~ontrol tmctiona .; _and d1~lec6'Jet~t ~che.11-

tams to ettact dtsplPCamanta of the commutators when l>'ertorminc au.bat! tuticm 

tact ions, ~id mecbant1ms being electricall.7 controlled b7 said commutators ,. ·. 

.. ' 

when perto:rmiilg con.trol tunctiona~ ·. 

3. In a c11ptogra.ph111 a keyboard ~ompr1s1ng che.recter elements. 

and a plur<ty of signaling devices, said elamenta ftnd aBid dev!cea being 

eleotr1cally interrelated ·1 mea.na tor artabliahlDB ocyptOL"l'npbic relation• 

"between said deviQe1 and said alem~nts, said means including a first 9et of 

'. 

commutators tor'per£orming cryptographic aubatitutton tanotione, ~a 8800114 

aat at comnm.tators for pertormiDB CrJPtographic control tunotions. 

~ ..:1.:::1.., ... _.,:.,:' - :,.· __ ... 

Decla.5sified and approved for release by NSA on 01-02-2014 pursuant to E. 0 .. 13526 . . . 

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REF ID:A39755 

, i I. I.a _~nantas •• •lal...S ln ctr.~• i. ta which a&J.d ••r.a I • •',,,.,••mt.._. OGninlS"\Jle O'JMr&t1o• of tb4t ftnt •t e>f coza ut.-.. 

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•• .,..._. an&. & -' of .,_11116 4e"W1c• J ...,... ._'Pl'le111€ a 88' .r ftl>oio . 

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-~1•U• -~"W• t. •ri~'J.t•M- apeJ"f'ltS.Ye antOifl"&Jbia nlatlonll. ·~ -

~Mn U.. llAl.4 ollafteter •lw\e "BG a14 •1£M.l~• cleT1ne1 1 a•ia-

~ ., \ 

7. la " el'1f'~ a ":' ot Ghanoter •l•eat• e~t'd-

' ·~-•~rel an4 ,_ 8" of •llMllng 4••1- eleo~rlc:aJ.i7 Snte~•e& 

'. / r-b •ld el81MDU J -~ ~- enr.blillhiJIS .,_.,,._ oryptor,raphto ft-

/ I :1~\loa1 Ntw .. n •14' 4e•l•• •nt •Id •1-t•• lMl\1llUIW ~ •t of at.plliu- . I\ . 

1;u1S .._."t•'tOr• 1 Md .... 'l• etteet tile ~ Al,ep>.a~t• or •IC . ~. i 

'0-tfl.to:r-. inclllllng a .. t ot •on\rol a~tn.tere .. ap\94 to t1thet 

,;,\. cllaplMe118!\t D!'&?'At t:OJH lalliYit.uall> • 

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: , l.lttr; a te1'b•d• and a .. , et •~lll?t« de:wlMa •l•trleall~ ·1aturel&tlll I • • I 

j .:~ '1111••1Ul I Mal18 I• ed.~l•lll»c ornt~J*te 1!'9lattw between •14 I 

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,· .·~i-t• lQad artld tllTt .. •. tnelwllftl' a "' -~ ol ... f.IW COmll!Nh.tora 1 d.l .. 

' ,, ?/ _.. .... , •ohantw to erf'IOt the --1AI' lli1Pl._•'• _ot ••14 wuta'-9-, . ,. 

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REF ID:A39755 

t. In a 017Pt~ a eet •f el&arltoW. ei.•a ..,. 

nt~•l:l8 a •i•ar.t. aat Wle•~tac 4rfl•• 111 •l•v~ ••••do•tt• 

wttll •14 •lwt• s ...... ...,..l•IJliW a •lJICl .... , et ., · •titter• to 

••t.ltU•ta .,....,1 •• ,.ntesrsP1• l'etau ......... -.14 4"ln• -4·•14 

10. ln. a t:1"7J'taa..l'h. .. •t ot ehar'l'9YJ' •1-nt• ... tt. t.utl• a t911"tard• Nl4 lnd1-.t11'16' de'flaeir tn •lliOt.rtc'll 009Nldeat1oa w1tll 

n1• •1--t• ; MAM w ••t•ltlbh Gl'JPW«l'&J4da relfr.tloMht»e ......._ 

ald -~a·~ amt 8AlC •1--•'•• H191'11Sng a R\ ot eo~'\aton J .... .. 

\o ftf'7 aaltl Mlft.~l--1:psJ and •fl.Ila t.o CAlUMI .. •- 98\ •I .... ta-\an 

to fd'f'ona ~o~ Gi?Pt•raJtJtl• .-.u·u.uoa M4 017pt~'!T"tphl• aoa\rOl r..... 

tl•••· 

lle la a o·· n,.t.cagraph. • ... of ehU.ter •l-MtlJ OQUtltllt-

. i,:g • ke7b-.r4, Md lnd1c.ats..- ...... tae1 lft. •1 .. vl••l .-1cr.tloa wt~ 

ea14 element.a I .... ilo ••te.ltll•h 017pt~llt •la.t10JHthlpe ··-

MUI 4eYlo•• Aml IMld. elwnt•, c0NJtrl11 lt.W • •' ot OMmU:\f .. ter• r •"• 

U ftl"J' -~1' Nlflt.ihllalpti f MCI .... to MW .. - •t et e 1 •ta.ten 

to ,.,.r .. lloth vn•~'1lt• ~·tttuti. ... a~Jltlo ••ta-ol t... 

ti.Ou, aat4 •au 1no11111111ag ape.rate ooatao'• allll •••o1at.4 oo~ 

l>l'OYl41.ng lltlpU'l'ite •l'eo'b'lal 0---1• tlu'011P ealt M& ....... 

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REF ID:A39755 

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a bJ'llllNtt\, -4~lnf.tn•, ... a.t.eea lt: •1.Mtt•loa'l •·•• -a••a\l• 1'111' •l• . ' 

. . 91• - ett td•~-· t'o •W U. tlW •\to Jetf' .. •'1l etpt911af1'le 

Natt•\tea ut orJlt'Oll"llll• oeaU-01 fW\lw.. all •-.t"tor• •ba 

11. ta • •rn ..... PJa. a •' GI. ohal'MRllr •I!"• ,. --U•'-

lPS • tlll7'-"t. IUJl4 a ae\ et 9lpa11JtC" dft'l••• Ml4 ei.ata ..a eaK · 

tftt- lMtiltl' •l•Vlealb t.Jrt•rel•~ a •u• ...... lwblg a •l'l•• fJl 

o--.utor• to .. ,,.ltl.IN 017"Pt.ogrl\flalo -nlatt••lllptt -~ •14 •1.-te 

Olld •AtO H'l'lete• 1 Mt..,.., \o ftrJ' •l4 _...~uoaabt;Je, lllll._ a 

plurAllt7 of ..u.....-..ii.t ·et•rtac ·•-'\Attfn ••-atl ta ... , ... 

l•• Aa .,,._'-8 u .etatae4 la the pneec bll' .~... In wa.1* 

•11 ._.ta,ori •T• ln'9rw.aaps.bl•· 

11, A.a ..,..n-.. u •l•tMd. .,,.. c~ta is.· m •sa 'Mla&l._.. 

•••• au, .. •N la~ltle· 

11. la a eq)ttlt~ t. Mt •f ~ •lwi.11 ~ti___. 

las a-~ ...- • * fll •lcaaU.aw ~ , -•to el"6M111b 

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wu tnol~ • 111~u.,:·ttt wlf"'9mnl1 .. ··ilttn1•.•••stiaton pl'o-

.SU4 wl\!l a •'-1.• ._Sat. ot rtng --~ 1 a .S.roul' -·• ldlnonllQtlC 

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REF ID:A39755 

•dA •1-nu IU\d a.1tt u.tee!. b.d l.Mlu41irfr nllt .-ui:tont J u4 

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...... .,.r~\lw •Hb •14 a1ro:1tt •~•tea M4 1•11114111« tbon.ln a ntte 

-llult• U ~lt 'tlae .... •• I u.$at~e 19 r-ttn fllt9"111LW~ .. 

•t•rinc' ooww:t11r,ors ftlld. •• ooiltro1 o~taton. 

17. !11 • er-i>ptCfrnph. fl. kf\Ybi&Ard oonprtdng p_ •t. of 

•1-no• •1-'•• and a .n ot •~lteg ~-, Mid et..-'8 Nil ·-.1' '· . 

._._ 1'11titlil •1ectr1.aalll Sa'9.rnla\M. a ...,.. _tor etteottac ~ 

. o~e relatiansb!P ._.. ... •IA ·~· ul •id de-1 ... ._.,. 

.n.1a1r. a >l'li!'tllltJ of' llllftlllltn•l1 <Uqluea~l• •G1m1tta°'On• •14 ... ._,.._. 

'bel:'tl! ,:re~14e4 1'1.tb ._ •lttel" een(IJ• !>f rltw ~DSIUMI'\• t •tapl ... •1•8' 

aeohul .... O}Wln.&tw to •fr.fl tl'le IUlPJ,u Uepl.Meaen or-, .at4 eul:u 

tatow1 1 ·ant\ ~lrmaU .-... be1uc1nt • nltahlng -.i.lllaa opnatl• 

to eaue till9 •Me nt et o .. ~. to·t-.otion altunat.911 rw parpoHlll 

at o.f.,p'ecr"l>hle n\ettt•tln· tmct ft1ptoerapliio OGllWel· 

it. ·x. • •rntot'ft.Jib. a u7-.r4 -..rt•tJC a "'· -6 

UQ-.atnt.-:.1-.n. ,. a-' ot •~lnc d.tt•l•~ la •14lotrl~l nlatl• 

•Uh •14 •le.nte f netr..ne tor ett80tlnl' ""~TM ei-;rpt~phle nlat.1--

. aipe -..~ .... ntd e:l~t• ant •14 4e:•toee" lnol1M\tft8' a plun.11'7 fllf 

~1'17 4.lSJlll~ble OOfllllt".fttOra pr...-telea Wl tl~ ~ kc<~le ~rl•• of l'tllg 

eon\• eu ; tUspl•--.t _.baal_. e,.;.~11 ... M etf'eet -.pl,.. 41splaMMah ol 1'1'tl4 Cflat!Q.t .. t.or• 1 •M• to pr1ntte eleoirtoal ehAmlel• ~ 

oae or '\he Mi'l•• or ooa\aeta to ciai'~ ••14 ..-..n~tor• to ,.,.,.,.. ~ 
REF ID:A39755 

!UCNUll .. \Ct ~~·· •l-~rtoal ~b --.11 ~ 'Gt.be Of ea1& 

~1'1•• or ooatao.b 'Gnu. ala csomatatc>t. 'lo pal'fOl'll- tlmatloiaa of' 

Gl'n'CIC'ft}))dc e-..roi. 

19. Jn a eeypt.<ft"raph. "' Nt of dh&T~i.c~:- •lellltm'• ~t.ttut• 

-. t•1W&.1t., antl a ettt of in41M\i:i.; ele.i.n\•• -.rd Hi• or el__... 'belllg . . 

elH'trtc.Ul7 1nterrela"4 l •au \o ena'l.lu am4 ~ curn••l'9)al•. 

nl•tloablP• ~--•..St •t• et •l-.nu, .-14 aeaua 1#1\ldW a aet. . . 

11. la a ·~togr~. •en ot .eMraotei- •l-n.ta ttor,!tt1tlt'1ft1 

a UJ'W&l"4. ..i a •'t of l•Uca•181' •1...-,_•• 8'\.l4 •l-.llU 1Mtlog aleot:rlO- - ~ - :r - I ' 

. . 

•117 ta'Ml'Ml&te4 & _... to eetQU• U&Wenphie re~\l- '9\weea a&14 

. s.t• of •1~etlta., hi4 •••• 1D01-.ft1ne a Plu.811\:. of Nlt.-coa\nlld ooa-

•t"wra .. rnti.np4 tn euo.u. aa.itl c ... tat&.ra Mhlt; 1.nten~\la. 

lag • n7Ma.rt. ea4 ... ,~t l.MlCl\t..l~ •1--ntl! t • otrcutt ., .... ~ 

UftlJ Hsuuo'Uts •ltl M1i9 at •1--~• I •Me t.o ••-Ullllall ~l'a.ph1$ 

nl•ti01'•M:t• ·bl~ 8aid Hta of eleiatrt•• ia<-lud1Jll' a p~UJ-AUt1 61' aalt• 

hlltl'Oll•4 OOllr.ftltll'9i'• 11.l'T«Jl@ed ln •waa4er· "'*' ..... 11ld~athlg-"' swit.Q 

Mehan1~ ln Mld etnnstt •.:rs.tea te CAUJe •14 ~· zttaJ.(o_tw \et ftmcrtila 

al termU•11 btllt.h •• etpllerl"t! o~t'" tor• 111\4 .... 4'.rtrol- CQl!llqda'°"'• 

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REF ID:A39755 

; 

23. Ia a or:ptoc.rAph. a .. , of ~'91' el.9'Ul'lt• oou~lttt1~ a keJ1M>M4 .. Md a ut or 1ndlo"4l• •l .... t•• •14 el ... t• hire 

•1Htrtcal1J ln'ei'ftlP'la4 c Man• t.o ••~ltlte •l')'-Ptnt:r~plale r~l•tloa- , < !... ..... 

coatrol tunctioiaa. •14 lthrts incllAlng conoe.utrto Plttt:• ot eont.t.n• 

on Vl• o~ .. r .. ts.ea lilMI • ~orreepoml111€ ll1Ull!Htr of c ncentrto rillga et 

9811,ftc\e on ~he ~•tree faff er eMl\ ~~ti.tor, &114 condu.e\*" •1t- oo•t~_i•4 wit)ltn acb r.Olllll\1-tor for eoaaee\tag the eon"•'• Oil 'be o.., 

wr• r... wl th hOllGlopa• onntft(!\e -OB ')Jie rewrM fate. 

1118 a k•1ltoari, Md a •* of indlo••1.ft8' •1._.,b, nt6 al..nta \Mtilrf; 

•le•'r lnall.J' tnt•~la\ed s -..Mia tor .tteo'tmc ~zyine Of'lP~opri.ptllO 

nl•UoaoiJJ• '6twHn •141 Mh .qf el8M11t1., P!d aeana l.ltttludbag a. 

•l tebtnc . ...,.ta tor 'lle&rtiw '•o or -ma ._.ntrlc :ring• Qf eoaW.ott 

•-t., \Gl"' Md Ur'llJIL'e4 -,~,1.r)J tor oonuet lllC the eontti.eta on t.h• 

o)WJtM taca o! •iu:h c~tf'.•or wit)l ba.oloeoU• eon~r.r.b oa the reTar• 

illC 11. lut7iol\rf1. tltl1ti a 9" ot 1M10n\lnt •llllMnt• .. e .. ld ttl~me •t.nc 

•l""rieeU,y in\errelR ted J MRJ:.s !or ef'f414'tine 'l"i-:r; iJ1C cr1ptcel"flpM.o 

·v 

-~· .... 

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REF ID:A39755 

NlatUUblPI be-.u -.t• Mt• _ot •1-..at•.' •14 .... 1mll:n41~ a 

nwer•1-a eo 11tato.r MM"#.SIC •o v_ •n one.-rt.o ltllfP ot ..... 

.-.beT• ot •:ll.\acttt 011 eae of l\.e t1'M9. .... llMaB I• •l~lJ 

•MplillS the 1adl'f1C.1 eoatao'• ot ..a ring ia patn • . . 

26. lll a •miog.Mt*. " Ht of eha.raewr •lHuia ._.. 

atl wt.'- • k-,~. 41114 • Ht. o~ 1"41-oa Ung al-..0••• •ld -1....U 

1"11ntr •l•tr1oal11·tatenel.ate4 J •an• fo-r •tt.n~_. YArZ,1119 ctr~Jltle nldlOIUlhtJN khite.n .•t• •t.e or •1.-nis. •tel ..,... inollld. illc • 

"" ., J••po•.· clo1J:t:tl ... r1~ontttcn -ni tohtnr; ~e.tOJ'•· one or 

t!l• two ring• or c•t.a..-s perfo1"1Qln8'· e·-ypttJ€ra.pl\1u abrittuttoa ~~--.; 

ad tba otllff or •~14 rtiw et eanlAo•• JMtl'foraiJlg orn~i*t• •-""l 

27. h • un'°f:rapb •. a ke7lloard cO.rinue ebAJ."M'l~ft" 

et.wnt1 •lld oonuponcllllC' elpalU~; 4••~e••· 11n.14 eie,.in'te r.nd Ml4 

4fflae• 'Ming aleo\r10ftll1 interi--111.tttd.., l!Qt.ltne for ft17ing \he e_... 

ne.c'Uon• -.,_\se&A Mid •l•l!JnU MC aa14 clewioea tor the p1upoH ot . 

•ff'ltO'i.lnc .or~'P~n.p)tie 8Pftl"ll't1.on.e,· n.14 •ane tnolwUne:- a •~' O'I· 

~·.. rot.ftt&~l•- ·•bcl•-l'!JIS-COA\Act n 1 to.ht.flF. ctf)w.IU ta.ton ao•tM 

' 

'\lpOa ..... OODlOn ailttt't s at-JJiBli ~laa tO'r etl'eethg ~.,. t1tpl&M- · 

~nt• of' Mid o°""!'v.tor• ~•14uallJ ; M4 olech·lo•l ~atr-... Utie•-

ter.eoatrolUJIC -.id ai.ppt_nr iwohqi ... ...,..'tq th•-.. •1 11t1ttws an ' . ' 

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aplo,.t aiwmatelJ tor -tttteott.o.s •rm~ 81t'Dstttuti• ftllll\t .. 

l\114 c17Pt~ph1• eGatnl t'llllCU.o•. "*P9"ttw.,. 

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REF ID:A39755 

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... la • ernn~ • _, d ~~- ti-'• ....-u.-u .. 

• kQ_... ailld • -' ot ~1P,1Jte •l....U ; & o11rft1' •7..._ ~tt~ 

· •OllM!f'UDI' aai.4 •·te •f •1-•t.• 1 •u• tor •-t•bURllll o_,.~19 

nl••t...,tl1pe '-'"- .. u •t• of •l.,....._ S-1W11118 a plvalt'Q' flt 

Ml~l"Oll9tl 81 t ata~e. al.d Otlll•k~ MlJW lateroN:llP••le aail 

Mllll' PN•14ed ... nl'I ... •ia~l· """ •t •lilc' er.oat••• -·the olt.,... ant 

ff~ .. t ..... .. .,..,lWllJ •tap1 ..... a\ •••l- opl~1.1W ft eft•\ 

.,...iu 'lQl•-'8-ot ••14 •• tia\on a - ---U•1'1111111S·•·..s.'* 

.leU.t• ta ••l& ct...i' •1n. aat .,t•U• la •••-ttal •r•t.lou . ' 

~ •14 _.1-al ... "'to pro-.1•• •leo"riCJ•l o~l.• ~ •14 ""\Seu 

'\e e&i•" •l'-1' .._tf1tor• to p.rtora •l".1Jl~egr•phlo .U1ttt.11'1oa ta.ti_. 

, •• - la. a oql)tot;t'ttJ'A, • • t •f· •,ano•• ·~'· ... t 1tu1.-

1n~ • UJMttN Ml4 a Mt of •1.pallb• u.,1 .. •1"trteall,J latel'Nl•t• 

wl\h P.14 •l•••'• s ..... tot ••'\•~t•ttt._ ... n\l" o:rTP"ogn.J>atia re1•-tt..Uipa M'4M• •&1d deft-ON Mld. ••id el...... 1-1-..llng & ff\ ot _,..,,,.... _./ 

o•plMirllla o_.taw• t Alld •-• •tt~• -~. --..W.r 41•Pl .... •'-• ot 

•14 ·-•tOI"•. 1•1111l blc •• , ., eea-tn\ •uau\atol"•f M4 .... • / jo • 

..-n·u...-·wt•Ja ••f.4 ••t,al • ._uton to •tt .. t. .._ 41.-,.l•••a.t eperetlou illdlttdllall,1 1n •llWl• •'-». cit.,iao ... •••· 

3(),. I• a •r1 ....... ia. a •' of eb&No-t•r el_...• ... u~ 

1lrC. • U1__. -an4 a ..,, ot •lPalll.1fC u.s ... .i-'ricfl.ll~ tntftftlr49A 

•l\la .. 11' •lewnte ; -... tor ••ia~ll•hhc ~- •l'Jv~i.s.e 
REF ID:A39755 

r•l•'1•D1J• lletW•• ..U 4e'fio•• aa« •14 .i .. ,.. laol-41118 a en 

ot eiplllSriB« eo-.tfttore J amt Maa• w ef'tM'l \JM •acwlar Cspl_... 

wt• ot •14 olphertic ellllliau·tftton. 1•1Ud1ng a •t ot oe:atrol 0'01911lta$ora 1 

aad. mean• o}>frauw •Ith •at4 c6tttnl CCJ"'!"l't!t\on t• effect \he 41•ple.ce-

.. a operatioaa iadi'fldua:u.1 lft plural fli•P 4l•plac•Mutt•• 

11. la 11- cr1ptogrl'lpb, u ••t of character •b1118nt.• cou\1 tating & lr:e7lloar4 a.ml .... , or lndioattac •1--'•· eal.4 •1--'• lMtillC 

•lM\r1oal.l,J launelatea 1 .-n• •-.r1•br.r a M't of ..U'Uutioa ._.. 

.. tai•n tor .. talUllbiJI« o)eratl" ~'togra»Jli• relatlcmah1pa w•.-

ealcl. •'• •t •leamlt1 a cUqla.cM&nt aeehant_. to •fffft &ftgU).u 11 ... 

plaoeMah ot th• n.batt t•'1on ~•~ors J -~ ... ,.. 1nolwUnr a •t ot 

••U.l oo~t.11tora for pel'llda\1 Qly att•t.lJlil the t!i~lac .. a~ opoa12. Jn. • Or)'Ptot.ral'h. a ••t of ...,._WI' •leoHmh coae\l\11'-

ac .. keJ'Waz-4, aa4 a .. , of .~llJIC b'fl-·lt14"r1e•ll1 taterrelat.ed. 

'\herwitla s ..-,ne for •1'\s."U•lllntr CJrJPMgr&Jlltia nlattoaabllt• 'NW•• 

8&141 •leMatat ..a •14 teTlc••• tnalwUng a lld ot e!'P8er1iw- •~•tft'• a 

&tt!IPl.._..\ Me~•• .e etf"•e-t ~he ~ 411'P}...._nt• of P.11. ...,. 

inc ~ lte1lMtan. aa4 a •-' ot ei--11 'i"C 4"1- •l•trlcallJ iaternla'\at 

the1'91ri\b ' BAU• tor ••t:alill•1'1• cr;y"p'\-og,...,.M relatlonahipa l»etween •it.. 

• --~:.-
REF ID:A39755 

" 

·--~ton I al\4 ••a.-t• to ert .. t \!Mt Mll'llar tlspl .... nt• ot ..at 

....--u,. 1JN1\l1Al-.g a •t or: eo.dJ'Ol ._at.tor• ' .... --· ... " ..... 

• ,1 

.. · 

w1'11 n.ld 00ft'\1"e1 ~ta"°r• to ett•• 'lM 419plaeu u1't .,ent.i·1 ... 
J 

• 

REF ID:A39755 

we ol&i• 1 -

. 1. Ia a· o~o.g'l.':&ph. a eet or ohar"'ot•r •l .. ente oonettiu'\iag 

- a &.,-..n, aa4 a "" ot tll4icftti.rc element•, aa.14 ele111mt• llleing elaetrtoallJ 1affrnlate4 ; Man• o011pr1atns a· .. :ri• of hitahiDS 4•~1oe• '° 

•'••U• ·fttp~plllc n~t-tonut:p lle\Wea 1&14 aets ot element• ; 

-4 w• ~:a.id nitehJ.ntr deuce•~~ eP,rptoen?hlct n.1>- ~ ~ - ' 

UJbou4. 1184 • -' •t incUoaUng el•eat•. eatcl •t• of •l-Dk "91ns 

•lffViO&llJ' tnier~lat.ed 1 Malla oomprhlng a •:I'S•• of o-t•ion t• 

. hnotlcm~ Mel or1p~hie control twttoa• 1 an4 4ieplt\Cllnl81tt llNA• 

1- 'o .ttecn 41•P~nt• ot th• ~o.-:a.tl\t.on •hen pertondnc lllalleit•ttoa 

f'llMUoa•. •it •ohe.niaa lle1.ng eb•\r1o9.l>.y eoat!'olle4 lo' salt ._.ta~ 

wbn. ittrtoiaJ.nc ontrol f'WIC'tlons • 

' < 

s. 111 a or;yptogr~. • a7'baid ...,.1818« cbara.etar •l....U, 

aa4 • 'Jl~aUtJ of •ip&Ung 4e•lctt•..- eaid •1--1• ~ •14 d••ln• w.lng 

•l••trtoall.7 1aterrelate•• ••• to~ ee\llblblling ~?'J'P'l~pM• telati.. 

ltetween ea14 4•'1'1~• and M.~d elem.eat., Mid IMalle:_iJMllldialg a fln_t en .r 

---.utora for pertorm1ac .,PJPt08'nphie •1lb•1ttuti6n f'tulo'Uoae. and a ften4 ., 

•' ot eo--.'"°r• -ror perto~ ernrtographie eoa\rol t~\tou • 

. -'r'! 

' ' ' ·:,, ·-
I 

'• 

REF ID:A39755 

-. 

•• , An ..-•'tu aa •l•l~ la olaba S. la wllt4ih ...i...-

• m; "''°·" .... la't~1-spa'b1 .. 

n. Aa Bfl*nhe ,•• •J.allle4 l• ol&ta 3• ta nlob ll&l& u a )d 

-'Of"; \d ..... u.lstlle 9Pet'-'lo1Jl d t.he tlnt •' ot __.... 

\ 

\' 

\ 

6., In ·a unto~ a ~~ OG11prlai11g a •t flt~ 

ei-..e au4 a aet .t etpallng ..dn• J ~ . ••Prt'eiJIC & eel et .6-

IU •l• -~11-l•• tn ti-'"-~bhhs °""u'" ,WJPt~Jlde nlatto .. 

:--.._·- tJlil •14 on.raoter •1...-tt NI« ... 14 ·~lits tn1eee J tl.,i.a..-

\• 

. a.n· •rt ul•• to .rteri · aaaul•'I' 4s...i•••nta . .r .._ •-ltt-ttoa ..... 

•••• J "-' aee.a•_-~•AUs a-" ot ..avol eo a 1taton f-n co8'1r4'U,,. 

. t:M &l•iae..~ -bM!-,;; 

he a lriq~~ ant a Rt ~ •lgallJll' ..... •l .. tr1Mll.7 ~ 

.S.tll -a• •l•••:Db i .... t•r eatlllllfAlthle .,..,._,, ._ ~tc n- L ,> I 

·-~\1_. be.._ •id cte'rtoe• Md. •14 •l-•t•r.-•1wu.• • .. , at •1,....._ 

1• ••, •taton t ........ u ettee'\_ tJ&a ~ .,_epJ.&r Q en-ts or eat« .... 

~ ·-. ; 'I 

. '. . ,. '. 

•• la a Cl')PWF:r&P!a. ...... O't ....... •U.•i• eouu ....... 

~ a teJboaJ'd. ·encl a ff't et •~ltng Ae~,.~ ... ~11' la'krnlrie4 : • ' J.~. -

\i.t•·1till f .... tw •etdlbhlf.W UJPt~p)k»\.•'*fD•• ,...._ alt ' • - I I " •,I • 

. , •1-..tt a.a4 ea14 tn~•. 1-11141JW a -' Ill ~~tlr \a\or• 1 &le- , t ' I "',. ~ •• • • 

-· fl••lllt MDut .. ~. etfeH .. aacal8f!l" 11.-~-~- 9t ~ WV,tA'°'9 J 

J 

.. . . ~ ' 

.. ' 

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\~ . '' . 

. '' 

\ 

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REF ID:A39755 

t. ·ln ,. crnt.P..P. & ee\ of -Olaaftcta el••'• ._. 

atit1l\btg e. b~r4,.. and 1Blllit•t111g te•teae Sa •1•-trS.Sl ••m anf.eatloa - . 

•Ull aat« •141Mld• a ..... eaillpJ1ie1J1g a •tact.• "' or --~ to 

eaU.1-Usb opera\1 • er,1Ptegn.p)aie re1atioa llehMa nU dn1ofttt ancl •14 

.J»g & Jteitioard. and. lnd.t•:\ias 4-•1.o•• in eleetrical c~11. tton witll 

P:l4 el--.te 1 ..... ~ ••t"ldleb Ct'J'P~pJt.lc nbtioaeh1Jt• Mi\w._ 

.. 14 4"1••• u4 ••14 •le.ea\•· e-.,rlaing a...._ er ~tt\tora J ..... . -

to ftr7 eat4 nla t1•9h1P9t Md. meaae to oauM ba .... •ii ot ~t!".'\er9 

ta pedRll bo.ttl or7J1t4J8l'&»IU• nltati t-uUon 1111d. Ol)'JJ\ogr11:ph1c control tuao-

~ !7~-+~~~~~ 

11. - ha or7J)tcigMpb, a •i ot 0Ju1raoter e1-.et11 coae·utut-

•14 eleuata ; -... to •eta'IJliah orn'\ogl't'.plllc reh:ttaulllp ... .._ 

n:14 cleT!oea &Jl4 •14 element•. eompr1a:lng & ·"· o~ -COJmV.taton J .... 

'\o 'fa'Q' Mid rela,1..-1,. s aat --· to 0&11.H tlae .... •' o~ -es.n.taffl'a 

•o Jftf,... lloth ~Phto n'Nilt1ltllla.aa4 ftJPtogr&p)ale •oabol hao-

~1-. ea14 .._.. lsolwliac NP&J'ft.te 90._iia aad a1110eta'4!4 eonttuton 

pro~ld.tag ..,.rate •leo~rleal •bawl• 'hrough ae.14 o....U.ton. 

/ 
REF ID:A39755 

- -

eJ..-U a ..... \o .na.-lt.h untographto t'9~$t.leUldPJ lllew ... •14 

t.nl9H allCl •tt •1-'•• .._ri.tnc a •h«l• •• ot c-.a.tf\tor• i ant 

.-.. w ~ ...U n1a:\1 ... M ... s.nolelllg •l•tn.i con41»'\0n ..... , • ._. 

wit)• ooatta\on . te •ue ~-·- .i te )IM't•• .. •• ~\ograple 

11. Ill a •l'JP"ognl*. a .. i of ~r ·~--'• eo•tt i.t-· 

i:ic •-•J'lloard.,, AftA a ,9, et •~lnR deTlc••~ tait ·-el.elftellff A4. •14 

.. .,,.... 1191.ng •leott1cal1J tnterntla-te4 s u&na oolllP'J'hi• a •r1" et 

• .....-.tors to ••4'blleh eryptographie relattoau1,. 'betw.a ea1d •1...-.r\• 

and •"14 U•ie•• ; ari!I Mana '\o 'Y33rJ nid relationttbl}'*, lnc11111J.-« -. 

pi.r.11t1 oi {!elt~~114'4]•1Jlaer1.ng •-ta'ton ~ b. ~Hate. 

l~. -h &pparat"U u olaiMd 1• the ~inc- claia, tn whlU. 

all e08l\l'\a\on are 1nUroha.Dge-..l•• 

l&. An app&ra:\us ae claiaet bl Cla.t. ti_ \a whlell homolt>«OU 

01-ta\ere-'" ~u.a-a\l•• -

16. ' la 6 orntograph. a ... &-t oharaotu •1•1111flt• 'oonett 'hti1-e' • b,7~4. and a .. ~ of •icnallng 4•~10•• r _., tO -~--li•h 

. •l'J»-re.phto rels.\tenattl»-e 1-twft old. e1 ... ..u &OC .&14 fni•••. •14 

w• -tnel"G.41.Dc a .i,V1\l1V ftt ~lf-e9tt't1"01141d)e..-r1ic ~ •O•••tltatore :prolf14a4 wtO • dngl• •eri•• ot rhtc contaota i a etnult ~ a'\9a isterc-ollllfft1lte 

. -
REF ID.:A39755' 

M14 •1-1l•• M4 ntd dnioee,. &mt 1nclu41Dfi "14 OOJMataien ; aac 

mNA• -..ri\U 

~ 

.. •l')l atd c1rcutt •7riela N14 blclud l'ftl ti.e'9la & ~ltoll 

••Miil• u"-ii•_.• t:M ... •••d-aton 'lo tu..-ttoit _atterawi, aa 

•iJM1'1ng eGFN.t•,«• u4 •• coat~ol _ c .. cia~tor•• 

17. Ia • cmteerapb. a. k91war4 coilp:rte111g a ae'\ of 

e'hara.o\er •l.-t•. ad • ad or etp&11118 4•'11 ...... -111 •1-~• .... •1t. 

tAiTiH• -t• e1ecttf.4tall7 t•terN1atd t _ .-ne tor etf'eotnc W\?'PltC 

~ap<. nl.ntau.d>• bew.en •ii el•nte ant a.id. 4eYloea com- - -

' 

being pro-rl4• •1-\h B single eerie• of rin« COllt&Ch ; 41•11Mt•--' 

.-ca.U-iea• o.,.nH• t• •tt•o\ the aitplu- 41111>1~ of ~11 e...,_ 

•s:wn s u4 •lroul~ ..... _1no1111U'QS ~ nitc1-tng _..baaha opel'&tl• 

- \0 etltl.M \be .-. .. , of coa'a•\• to f11Mtln •l teraatel.J t•r p'b.l'poe•• 

it. h a eeyptograpa.. • lcqboar4 MNtpri •iDI a -' ·ot 

ctbaracs~la.-nh s a aei. of •1P&11 .. 4•Y1oet 1n •leotr1eal relatloa 

•1th 8J'l.14 el998n.tt ; _ Mfln! fo_r etteet!ng •~ry1ng erntargn..pllle ~la:U­

. Jrh.S.ps 'betften nid el.Hnts ad l&.14 ...ices. incll141n« & plaral:l\J of 

aag1llar17 ditpl&CM\1• c..._tawn . - . · Pr"1Uf •1th R do, .ble se-Pte.1 o.t l"iJW 

ooat-.ctt I 41apl&e•ni •oJauit-. OJIWAtlW t~ •ff.a•• . - . VV11 anpla 4.bpl--

... - ~ ••14 ODllra.tatw•-·'- ~, ~ ~~ ':.C, 'o!ld• •lec,~1~'911!•1'1• ~ .tllr0\1111 

0• at the •riff ot eoataeta to cau•• eaid .~~tel ~ . - · " , - .. e. ff• •O pert'om haot ton• or •rnt'\~n)lhfo tulJwtt 'ntloa ant 1Jl .. q11.ent1 l .... - ' - a o,.n.doaa of •1t 
REF ID:A39755 

·tieaJJan1•• to prowide el...tne.ai channel• •~ll -U. lither of •11. 

.art•• ot coatae'\a to Ot\UM ,a14 st ata.kn t• ·PftfOl'll funo~iou ot 

ortptOilfl"a.pble oontrol• 

a keJ"boari, NMi a Hi ot iad. tMting- elel'lllllnts .. ea.id. fft• or el...U lelllg 

eleetricalu iawrrela\ed , aeua to ••'a-lleh ant ~ erniGSl'lltld• 

nla11ouhipa bet..- ea.id ·~• of elewMmt•. •14 llffae 111clud111« a •" 

r., C4u...ui5t. · -f\ ' It. /1 . • ...+-· • ML t. 

~~n~:c::t~~t.w~~7~Q~~~. 

to. .Aa &~\~8 aa Clat..4 ta ~be preceding elala 11' 1rh1.c.h 

l&f.4 ._.tat;or• ar:e ·ar~ ta o-aaoade. 

21. Ia -.. orntograptt. a ••'\ et oJuu·ac-ter •leme'nts con•'i w:Ung 

a k•1-ari, &114 a M't ot iailica·U• •lemea\•, ~ld •1~~· bell!&' el..-Vio--

a.117 llAft'l'el&ted t ·•en• to 4"'\a1t.U.Jrll orntagrapb.io HleUons be"'9en e&l& 

ae'\a of elements, Mid aeuu' . taollldlnf': "'- plurA11t~ or 'f!_elf-con.t.rol~ ~ 

~b.'°r•- ~ 1• eMOau. •~id. eOllnla\~tora beiqg iaterehanfJea\1•~ 

~'::.:·~:~~.~ ~~4-~io~~ U. In a ~rn>~graph, " .. t .of oM.~cwr el~•ts eonett tutUte a bJ'ffar4• aad. a. eri of tndtoattng el ... nte 1 a •il'ftit a3.U. opera-

'1.alJ coimeoting 1ai4 aete nf eleaente ; ._. '\o •riablbh CJ.7Pt~phl• 

relaUon.ehi~• iatween said ·aet• of eleraen.ta9 1aol'\ldi11g a plwaUt, ot[ M~ 

. e.oatrol~e;iOOIBIRt&tora uranged in CPISOM.e; and meau inel~lding a n-U•ll 

••h&nh11 in said ctronit syetem to cauJte Mid ~utat•n to tuaoti• 

al ternatel7 bo\b ae cipherti>g ~om.'!1Ut' to.re and h con.t:rol ft!lll\11tatora. 

v 
REF ID:A39755 

ehlPI 'Mtw•en •a.14 Mi• et •lementt:, •t• aeau 1-luding a plurslU\J' 

or [!.it~'t~olle6] 01 '•'\on 1 em aeau w oauM •14 oowat&ton 

\e pe!'fOh ltotb crntotftplli• 1ultetitut1oa tullctl- ~nd o~e 

control functioi11. •a14 mean• btclwling eoag•ntrl-0 rht«s or eontlilllte 

on ~. obwrae taee aa4 a corft•Jl0nd.1tte _,,_?' of ••·n~entl'ie ric9 of 

in,g a keyboard. ud a Mt of 1suUcaUng el .. nte, salt •l••nh beiJtC 

eleetr tcall.,y lir\errela\e4 1 l!WNl8 tor etteot1ng 'ff-1'!'111& er:ptograpld• 

relat1H.ab1p• llietwff• •ii Hte ot eleiaent a, H.id MNUI inelw!S.S a 

•ltchlJIC 001111A1tato.r 'Ma.ring 1iwo 01' aore eoncentrle ring• of ooat..n• 

cont~ct~·on the reTar8e fece, and conauctor1 eelf-contaifte4 within eacb 

raoe. 

lag a k•1b<>ftr4, l\Jld a ae1 of 1nd1oB\l:itg elea.iR•. taid el ... nt•·'4ting 

elaai:rital11 1n\errelate4 I means for eftectiflft •1'71ac ernrw£Ta.ph10 
REF ID:A39755 

nktle!UhlJ• ~ .. 1d M'\• ot •l••ntit, •14 _..na tnel-11118 a. 

tewi-•1n« .._.tawr MarillC two- or •re oommn:rtc rlDCS or •wti 

~· et e.an'\acts oa OM of 1 h face•• snt ....,.. rw -eleo't~lc&lll' 

26. Ia a orJP'\ogr&:pll~ a •' ar character :•1•111l1la c.... 

•titutt.c a U,lK>•r4t ant a ••t d_ 1ndieat1.ng •>.--"•• 1&1d,•19a8llt• · 

being eleov1oall7 tattt:rela1ied l --.u tor ett.o~lllC ..,.,.,t.:C crnrtoer&--

fe re-la\ioaahipw bet.. .. eaU ••ts of elneata, aalcl •aa tacl11H1¥: a 

Mt. ot Jvs1apeM4.• 4ouble-riJtg-CC:Jatact n11ichtng ea.1lta~or•. one of ' ~ $ .. 

\be \1"J r~• or eoata.c'\s Pft'foratng c•;natogr&t>)tio sub,.titutio. tnacttOld. 

and the other of ...,14 ring o£ coat&0t11 -perfC?mbtg oJiftographi• oon:•rol 

ff. 1-' a Orjpt0€r&p1a• a b7l1Mrd OOJlprielic eha.raoter 

•l~ate •nil oorreQOn41:ag, •ignalllag 4••1~••- said elt1Ml\1:e rut4 •at• 

4•Yi.oe• 1M1mg eleotriCAUJ t.atenelate4 i .. ans ~or eu,1ng the ooaetteet1Di' crnr\oS"raphic operati.._ •14 meaa• lneludtng a eet or 

Jwrtapoaed, rotR:tabl• •ingl.-r~ont.e.et Pitching ~ta.tor• aoate4 , , 

- - , 

llJ>On <i_ Cl)TGQI\ ah&tt -J stepping .aeolau1-. tor •tta9'1• a.np.l&r tl11pl.aee-

_•ate ot 11&-id 001!1JM4t..1:ore lndi-Ylcb:t.&117 ; 1 aad el.,.uieal~~~-.~.t•Y.t.1•• ~ • 

tor octatro1Uft8 •&id etepplJJi:; aec:haa1 ... 9Mr•"DJ \u _.._ e~t•• are 

·~l.OJ!ld al Wl'D&t•l7 tor ett•Ums ern,agrapliU ..-• ._ttu.'1on fbnction• 

Jt.D4 OZ)'PW~ic ocm1rol. tact1a.. NllP"ti ••17~ 

.- .- - ,> • 

.. 
REF ID:A39755 

,/' 

2.8. Ia a o~l*. a"' ot ebr\rM\fl' •1...-i• ooanttatl»g 

a 11:..,-.... 81114 •en of :la4l•tl11i1- •1 .. nt• 1 a o1rea1' 91d• aperatlw~ 

ooaineoi1ac Aid .. ,. or •i.-.•• ; -.u ror nhbl1ntnc ~l• 

ralMJoaPlP• bnwe.m ••ld •'• of, elemema. 1Jlc11SdiJ18 • PllU't'.11\J Ill 

eelt .... ntnlled o-utor-. Mid •-'~wre lle1_,. tat~~l• allll 

· lle11118 pre-.tdd wilb a •1a«1• row of J'1ng cumt..-• oa ta o'bwr• 1U'aA 

nw•w tae•. ••pe•tt•l.1• 41'plac ... Jlt 11a811Mn1M9 operatlft \o etf'•t 

; ...-lAI' 4.l•Jtl .. •1tt'\a et' n14 o-ta.wre s M4 ..... baal1lillllls a •lfllll 

_.lull&t• ta ru4 cinm' ey.U. ant ett•ti•. lll aoq: nr tlal epera~lou 

et •Y ••bu!- to proirlde •l~rtcal ~l• throvc1l •ld oonu•t• 

29. 1:11 II. ornto,:r:1<1rh, 8 " t of c•n.c•er •le•nta eoaatlht-:_ 

tsc e. k•7boftn ~ & "' .r •~1111'!' •••1•• •lectr1oall1 hl\ernl•'-l 

wit.a ate el••a'te ; •au tor •rif1blieh1JIC .,.nU• cn•yrtogr11.pbtc nlatt....n11>9 'Wih'•• ••14 deTioea &Dll ea14 el ... t•-. lttel'lllling a •t of 

od~l.DB o.mat111wre 1 ......... "° etteet the anplar cUepl..,..m• of 

•14 •-'-'or•, 1-llld btc a M\. et eoinrol owaa1a'Mr•1 an4 ..... 

oper&tl w wi'tb 11•14 emtrol •a Tllta\or• 10 ett•e\ 'he cUIJ)tl90W\ op.rat1G1S• lsul1Y14'lall,J ln •inale •'llP 411t1>l•C4hlleirli•· 

3~1. 4• a oTIP'O«rn,._ a. •t. or ebarao\er el4111M-.t.9 ... ututll'IB • k4')'""1'4 an4 a •~'•I •lpe.lltns deYloe. e1ee•r1cal'Q' 11l\ern.lat.e4 

'rt th •td .teMll\e ; uteen• tor euabitehlstfr oPentt"le Ot7P"'-'ntPllie 
REF ID:A39755 

_.l•U•llM_,. MhUa •14 uncea u4 MM .a-.-. 1-lwl!IW a elt 

., etflael'lne' "-'•'tor• • &!Ml ..... '° et',..,_.~ iatplar u.,;i..-

•t• er •1• 01,,...,.tnc c09ll\ttflion. tm1V41ite • •' et cootl'ol •• [ntawr. t 

u4 ~·· operati'N wl,.h ea14 ••trol comrat?eton· to effect tile ft..,.U~ 

•n oph"AUOA• 1D41~dta&l.lJ ill plural nep 4Upl~nta. 

inc a.ke7tMM.r4 and a Mt at indtoatt11g •l••a'l~• n14 •l••h •tac 

•l••r1...ii, tnt.rrela.'M4 • ..... etMprh(ac a "" et ftlJ•ttw·u ... ....,. 

••tor• fer ••te.bU.ablllg open.ti~• •rntoChpJat• nlat!G'llO~ ... ... 

..... IHe •t •l••W J 41.a)lMJ4QlleRt mObluii .. to effee\ •naJU' 41e-

- . . 

90ftttol oo n"t&ton t•r pe!Wda.'li ffl.1 ert.c:Ultif \be 4191>1~•• qiiet:aR. la a er,ypt!Jt'raph.. & Ht Of dar~C'ff •1--'te·41011 ... l'11tia11' a lltf¥boRrd., u.4 a •t ·~ n«A&lltac 4ntGH elecVleal.11 Ja$enel.,.'\d . . 

tn•rftttli s •an• fol" eat4U.•Ai11« ar1JAOIP'•l1'11to relf'-tioulltp ~· 

eatd •l-a" ..... •14 •.i.,... incl111dlng· a Mt .t oi.phttrlas .-ta.\ttn 1 ' . . 

u.,.1 ..... n,_ •ohaal .. to ettu.' •• aap.J.ar itltpl..... nt• ot •11 .... 

t• f!' u.1D1arct~ -n.nd a_"' ot elpal.Ung de•l ... •l•i•te.117 lnwnelaW 

thet11Wttll t ..-.... l•r .e•t••ltahtl'J@' C?1Pt0f!J'J!\pll1• .f4llatl9Jl9hlp• betlteen 1a.it 

, __ 
REF ID:A39755 

OOM1atatora. taclllA1ng a Mt ot ooa'\nl .-.tator• ; aai ~· •ntlw 

wt'Ul ••tA oOAtrol •-tators to •tt•'t. \he 41~Md .,..,..,1._ 

~•rm..tatl,,.11 in pllt.l'&l •t•» dl•plao ... •I&'\•• 

JA-. 1 

3S". l c. A h- . 31o T ~u.. \JJ/' ._, 

37. \ 

316 )