REF ID:A60998 

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Brief Description of Analytic Machine 

Fourth Installment 

NSA-34 

NSA-35 

20 September 1954 

Wheatley, LeRoy Ho 

The attached36brief descriptions in this fourth installment reduce 

the total ma.chines remaining to be written to about 120 or these, 8 are 

from the original backlog list; the others are recent equipments. These 

additional briefs together with a table of contents, glossary and index 

will follow shortly. 

The CAMEL and CONNIE briefs being issued here are to replace the two 

already issuedo Please remove and destroy these two, replacing them with 

the newer issueso This procedure of replacing certain older briefs with 

newoneswiJJ. probably be used in connection with other published briefs. 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 06-04-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352\3 

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REF ID:A60998 

SECRET 

September 1954 

CADILLAC 

The term CADILLAC (AFSAF 31A and B, UNILITERAL FREQUENCY PHI and DELTA 

COUNTER) now refers to a pair or relay frequency counters which automaticalJ.y 

supply character and baud totals and additional statistics. The first 

(AFSAF 31B), built by NSA-35 in February 1952, was originally called only by 

the full title UNILITERAL FREQUENCY PHI and DELTA COUNTER, but since completion 

of the second model, (AFSAF 31A) ir1. March 1953, the term CADILLAC is regularly 

applied to both. The terms FREAK 1 and FREAK 2 were also applied earlier, but 

this conflicts with nomenclature of the old relay FREAK I (AFSAF 24) and the 

electronic FREAK II (AFSAF 31). 

Both equipments have single 5-level tape input and CXCO regeneration type= 

writer output. The later model has an additional optional output to a tape 

punch. Total individual characters in the tape and total bauds by levels are 

tallied. Both compute delta which is a summation or differences between 

successive characters, a phi ~ = n(~-1)) on total characters and a phi on 

total delta of characters. 

The first model is an upright relay rack whose dimensions are 

61H x 21L x 21n. The second is in the form or a console desk and measures 

3 1H x 51L x 3 1D. Rate for both is 6 to 8 characters per second. They are at 

Arlington Hall Station, the first in room 2054-A and the other in room 2050-B. 

Re.ferenceg 

Completion Report "CADILLAC" 

Mr., S. Fedak 

SECRET 
REF ID:A60998 

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September 1954 

CAMEL (CML., CHARACTERISTIC MESSAGE IDCATOR) was a crib-tester consisting 

of six relay units used with a 405 TABULATOR to locate CI {Cryptographic 

Instruction) messages in Jap Army Traffic. It was built by F Branch or 

Army in Februal"Y' 1945. BABY C~, a handtester empJ.oying similar 

principles, was built at about the same time and was used as a desk-top 

crypto-a.id. BABY tested one 4-digit cipher position at a time, indicating 

possible placements on lights. It measured about 21H x 2'Lx l 1D and has 

been dismantled. 

Attack was based on the characteristics of the 10 x 10 non-latin 

enciphering squares used by the Japs and tbe fact that each such square 

for the next cryptographic period was enciphered using the current square 

and sent as a CI message. This was usual.1¥ recognizable as a long TENA 

series which is a long message sent as a series of partso For a while, all 

messages intercepted in most Jap A-rnr:r ~ystems were processed on CAMEL. 

The 6 units ranged in size from 7'H x 4'L x 31D to 31H x 3'L 21D plus 

TABULATOR Rate was 6 tests per second. It was dismantled. 

Such a CI message contained ten permutations of the ten plain code 

groups representing cardinal numbers 0 through 9 and sometimes the check~ 

number code groups as well. Cipher and key were read from cards and the 

denials or square limitations (impossible plain text values which do not 

occur in the particular colwnn of the square) were set on plugboards. 

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REF ID:A60998 

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'f6P SEleRf!i'l' FRO'l'H 

CAMEL (Cont'd) 

This last test was done manually in work on BABY CAMEL, by scanning 

a chart of possible plain groups. A marginal indication was given in the 

print out when one or more number groups are possible in each of the last 10 

positions and further when no group was repeated, ie - when there existed 

one of the 10! per:rnu,tations possible. For a while all messages intercepted 

in most Jap Army systems were processed on CAMEL.. 

The six relay units ranged on size from 78H x 49L x 31D to 31H x JDL x 2'D 

plug TABULATOR. Rate was 6 tests per second. It was dismantled. 

Reference: Completion Report, Projo 1048 

NSA-82 files 

Mr. W. Erskine 

Mr. A. Highley 

Mr. F~ Lewis 

Mr. J. Powers 

-2- 'IDF S:iil0ffii'l' PRO'l'H 

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REF ID:A60998 

SECRET 

.EO 3.3(h)(2) September 1954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

CONNIE I and II 

CONNIE (AFSAF 1, AFSAF DlA1 HIGH-SPEED TELETYPE TAPE COMPARATOR) 

is a general purpose comparator which photoelectrically reads a pair 

of teletype tapes, electronica.lly comparing and counting coincidences 

up to pentagraphic size o Model r was completed experimentally in 

January 194S specifically for thel I problem, at which time 

it was called HIGH-SPEED TELETYPE TAPE COMPARATOR. Modifications making 

it general purpose were completed in October 1949, at which time it came 

to be called CONNIE I (AFSAF 1) o An experimental equipment called GRICE 

(from Group I.C°' rhymes with price) was completed in 1951 to develop and 

test circuitry for a new CONNIE, but was not designed for operational use. 

CON~IE II (AFSAF DlA9 formerly ASAF 1-1, EXPANDED CONNIE) was built by 

National Union Radio Corporation and delivered in July 19540 IDA 

(AFSAF D52, formerly ASAF 1-X) is essentially a stripped=down CONNIE built 

by NSA 22 in 1950 and 1951 and is described under that title. 

Input is by a pair of photoelectric tape readers operating at 5000 

characters per second. Output» which was to an undulating pen-tape in the 

earliest model, is now a pair of AFSAF 44A DIGITAL RECORDERS. In the fall 

of 1951, four Remington Rand card readers were added to hold one stationary 

card apiece and supply a crib or pattern, such as for a notched wh.eei, thus 

simulating regular wheel motiono Characters are scanned, stored electronically 

and treated cyciic~ in making successive matches between texts. Essenti~ 

an IC ma.chine$ it counts baud coincidences, combines these internallJI" for 

SECRET 
REF ID:A60998 -----T 

!S~t:;Kt;T 

Ml6R:E'l' 

CONNIE I and II (ContDd) 

character coincidence and matches totals against a preset threshold. 

CONNIE II will have several improvements: a 32 x 32 magnetic 

binary ma.trixs a criterion generator with a variable threshold print 

... control and an auxiliary storage unit. It will handle larger numbers 

at a .raster rate and will permit weighting and variable grouping. A 

choice of IBM 517 SUMMARY PUNCH or AFSAF 44A DIGITAL RECORDER is provided 

for output. 

Model I measures S•H x 33 8L x 2'D plus the tape reader and rate 

is 5000 comparisons per second. Model II measures 7'H x 72'L x 3'D plus 

tape reader and SUMMARY PUNCH. They are located at Arlington Hall Stations 

the first in 0413-B and the other second court~ basement or B building. 

References: 

M.A.c. Outline #56 

Mr. W. Cole 

Miss M. Hobbs 

Mr. J. Powers 

Mr. T. Roland 

SECRET 
September 19.54 

COORDINATJNG REPRODUCER 

The 797 COORDINATING REPRODUCER (NC-4 MARK II SELECTIVE PUNCH, 

CXNT) is a special card-punch equipment to do transcribing, gan.gpunching, 

comparing and, when used with a matrix gate, martix combining or 

substitution according to almost any desired rule. Ten of these 

reproducers have been built for the Agency by International. Business 

Machine Corporation, the first §!"riving in early 1950. It replaces the 

NC-2 RELAY ADDER, the ear4r NC-4 SELECTIVE PUNCH (GXNB), the PRE-SENSING 

'PUNCH and a number of special substitution devices. CONSECUTIVE NUMBERING. 

DEVICE designates a bit of internal ciruitry built loc~ installed in one 

for numbering cards, necessitated by the non-standard card feed. 

Effectively, the ma.chine makes it possible to read from a card and 

perform certain calculations and substitutions, punching the results into 

the same or a different card. Effective4r, it determines if one 0£ a pair 

of values is equal. to, less than or greater than the other. Used with a 

gate such as the MATRIX GATES (AFSAF 104), random substitution, matrix 

substitution and both normal and non-carrying addition or subtraction. 

Large volume decipherment is one obvious application. 

The 797 measures 4 1H x 61L x 21D and operates at a rate of 100 cards 

per minute. Six are in use at Arlington Hall Station in NSA 82, in A 

Building, and four are stored. 

References: 

MAC OUTLINES 1/49 

Mr. S. Thorne 

CONFIDENTIAL 
• 

\ 

• 

REF ID:A60~8 CONFiDEN-1-iAL 

99NPIBiti'fitL September 1954 

DECIMA'l'OR 

DECIMATOR (no AFSAF number, REGEN-SPACER-TAPE-DECIMATER) is a 

special tape-processing relay device used to select and reproduce 

characters in specified position in a tape. One only was built by 

NSA-82 in 1951. 

A cipher tape and a selector (control) tape are read by a TDY 

double-headed reader and on~ those characters in cipher which fall 

opposite a control punch in the selector tape are reproduced in a new 

tape. Spaces, as for forming text into groups on these resu1ting from 

decimation, and reed-outs may be inserted or eliminated as desired. 

The position of characters selected tor reproduction need not be a 

regular pattem. A CXCO regeneration typewriter for pa.ge cow is 

optional. 

Size is 1 1H x l'L x l'D plus TDY reader, CXCO regeneration . typewriter and tape punch. Rate is 6 to 8 characters a second. I:t 

is in use at Arlington Hall Station in room 2050-B. 

References: 

Miss1 K. Blank 

Mr. G. Lockhart 
REF ID:A60998 

Septembe:r 1954 

DEFROST 

DEFROST (AFSAF D69 and D69A') is a microfilm viewer-reproducer, designed 

to produce with speed and convenience a photocopy of selected portions of a 

roll of film. NSA-35 developed 3 models using 16mm film, the first two purely 

experimental. The later model of the two, completed in December 1953, was 

given a 6 month floor test. Currently, AFSAF D69A, a production model, is 

being developed and is near completion. It will serve as prototype for 30 

copies to be built on contract. Independent of the local effort, a contract 

with Remington Rand Corporation produced AFSAF D69 which handles both 16 and 

35mm film. It was delivered in July 1954. DEFROST (project 355-7212) 

originally started as part of FREEZER project (354-7205, formerly 351-434-53) 

and is one of the several document reduction devices developed as part of ~~o 

major program here at the Agency to mechanize the handling of the huge volume 

of intercept traffic and documents in general. 

In operation, a roll of developed film, usually 16nnn, is threaded onto 

spindles and pulled through a light beam by motor. Contents a.re projected 

onto ground glass, permitting the viewer to select any desired portion for 

reproduction. A push button sets off a mechanism which automatically exposes 

the chosen portion onto an 8 x 10 paper, develops it and ejects it ready for use. 

The earliest breadboard model has been dismantled. Both AFSAF D69 and 

the second experimental model measure approximately 4~H x 29L x 41Do They 

are located at Arlington Hal.l Station in room 0217-B. The AFSAF D69A model 

will deliver a developed print in about 20 seconds. 

References: 

Mr. E. Fleming Mr. Jo Russell 
REF ID:A60998 

CONFIDENTiAL 

DEMON I-III 

September 1954 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

DEMON (I.;. CXNP; II= AFSAF 77 CXNS III= AFSAF\7$ CXOX is an 

All five were built by Engineering Research Associates • ...._~~~~~~~--

Model I was delivered in October 1948 and was the first machine to operate 

with a magnetic drum at this Agency. Five of Model II were planned but. only 

two were built, delivery being in April and December 1950. \Seri,al l. or Model 

III came in May 1952, and Serial 2 in June 19.540 A 25=POSIT!ON DEMON PUNCH 

CHECK (AFSAF 77 /10) was developed to check tapes and a CONTROL LEVEL GENERA.TO~ 

(AFSAF D58) to insert 7-level control puucnes. The 'l'APE PUNCH\. VERUIER 

(AFSAF D67) serves to check both ATLAS and DEMON tapes. 

Al1 models use 5-level tape 

\ 

input; output is to a CXCO regeneration typewriter and/or a 51.7 HEPROnUCER. 

DEMON I, specifica.l.ly for 
REF ID:A60998 

CONFiDENTiAL 

eeHF:EBJlf'l'fAfi E0~:3(h)(2) 

DEMON I-III (Cont'd) PL 86"""36/50 USC 3605 

I Tape input to III is by photoelectric ..__~~~~~~~~~~----

reader, but is by mechanical CXCO reader in the earlier two. 

DEMON I, now dismantled, was a bay of equipment 7uH x 201L x 41D 

plus input and output devices. II consists of two such bays, and III 

of four such, requiring over 1,000 square feet of floor space. 

Operating at .3500 drum. revolutions a minute 9 the rate of aperation 

is all cribs tested in one position every second. Serials l and 2 

of II and Serial 1 of III are in operation at Naval Security Station 

in room 4050. 

References: 

T/CA 20,, 20/'Jl, and a:J/52 

Miss M. Hobbs 

Mr. D. Ream 

Mr. F. Smith 

Lt. F. Sperberg Mr. J. Stapleton 

-2-

CONFIDENTIAL 
September 1954 

DERVISH 

DERVISH is a project (353-7406)to develop package electronic units which 

can be assembled and disassembled as required by each specific problem. NSA-35 

is doing the planning and development6 but is contract~ for any fabrication 

to be doneo A few specific ma.chines using these packaget units are being 

considered. The major goa1 is to reduce the problem of onstructing special 

devices to one or appropriately interconnecting componen unitso 

A few specific wired rotor problems using combinati ns of these sub-units 

are now under consideration and serve as a guide in development of such units. 

One such device assembled to test their feasibility is BRIDE9 an electronic 

wired~rotor analog and cribdraggero It consists or a ro or analog unit9 a 

modular addition unit9 a counting unit9 a memory storage unit, It enciphers 

or deciphers text at 167 K~ per secondo 

Size or this demonstration model is a rack 61H x 51 x 31D plus the 

particular input and output selectedo Basic pulse rate ·s one megacycle per 

....... secondo It is at Arlington Hall Station in room 0200- • 

Referenceg Mr. R. Baw:ma.n 

Mi•o Ao Hesse 

Mro E. Marston 

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1i'OP SBSRB1i' PRO':PH 
TOP~AP..~Q~ft.OTH ;:)ECKEi I" 

ENIGMA ANALYTIC MACHINERY 

September 1954 

An introduction to the ENIGMA. c:ipher device itself is the best approach t.o 

understanding the array of Agency equipments developed for the ENIGMA problem. 

The Wehrmacht or German ArrrtJ{ model is a battery-powered three-rotor device;_ the 

several Kriegsmarine or German Navy models usually have four rotorso Thus a 

cycle of 263 • 179 576 or 264 = 4569 976 reciprocal alphabets is involvedo At 

any setting9 the 26 letters are paired off as terminals of 13 circuits passing 

through the rotor maze and backo Pressing a key sends current through the 

rotors, on through a reflector or reversing wheel9 back through the rotors a.ni 

out to a lamp labeled with the corresponding paired letter which is its cipher 

equivalent o 

In terms or cryptograph this means that the same circuit which enciphers 

~in A to cipher B;aJ.so serves to encipher plain B to cipher As a switch ser-.J'ing 

to interchange the input-output roles of keyboard and lamp=banko Note that a. 

letter cannot encipher to itself and that the encipher-decipher alphabet at every 

setting is reciprocalo There are provisions on all military models !or a monoalphabetic substitution on the maze output whi.ch is known as stecker or endplate 

plugging; recovery of this variable is the main purpose of all BOMBE equipmento 

To accomplish this steckering9 the Germans regul.arly used a set of ten doublewire plugso This forces a further reciprocal relationship between lettera9 

leaves six self-steckered letters and reduces by a large ractor the permutations possibl.ea permitting usage or reciprocal boards (DOUBLE INPUT CONTROLS!! 

AFSAF 21 and 22) 'Which greatly increase the effectiveness or each test. 

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REF ID:A60998 

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IJ!eP 6B9RBIJ PRMII 

ENmMA ANALYTIC MACHINERY (mmtUdt) 

All rotors are removable and may 9~ inserted in any ordero '.l1he core of each 

rotor conta.imr the wiring which pe;t"to~s- the basic substitution and can be set 

at any <>£. 26 points agains.t the ripg or tire which bears the alphabet and the 

motion=eontrol1ing notch patterno 

Analysis. of any ENIDMA traffic D)Ud consider all. or part of the following 

list of variables in the machinei: 

lo Jt'OtOl" wiring 

2. reflector plugging (pe~'nt in aane models) 

3o rtteeker 91 end""Plate Rluggini (permanent :in s.ome models) 4o rotor order 

Sa window; setting (starting point) 

60 ring or core aetting_ (permanent :in some models;) 

7. notch pattern 

All the cribtestel1'Sl and draggen discussed here require 'fill.at variable 1 be 

lmown and all!. take care only indirectl;r of variable• 49 6 and 7 o Thia; whole 

canpler of machines devised to attack the ENIDMA may be conside~d in three 

categoriel!F8 BCMBFS 9 SCRI'!'CHERS .and m:ia::ell.aneoua awdliary devices and.I 

attachment&o 

'llhe: term BC!IBE applies. to a diversified family of very specialized! crib .... 

testers, both relay and electronic 9 designed to solve traffic on several ENIDMA 

models by exhauative trialo Army9 Navy and GC & cs; (nOW1 called GC~) in England! 

each developed their own devicea relatively independentq9 resulting in a great 

variety of models 91 modification& and attachmentsD 'l!he Army' and NaVJ' BCllBE's. are 

described separately under their respective headings. .l BCMBE is. in effect a 

number o:f double-=ENIDMA analogs preset at fixed relative interval.a according to a 

menu { crib-versus-=cipher letter pairings) and pulsed in tan.demo It tries a crib 

'IDP 8Ei0RB'f FRe'ff I 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
REF ID:A60998 

TOP SECFtET FROTH 

'fOP SEieRB'f FR6'fH 

ENIGMA ANALYTIC MACHINERY (Cont'd) 

in aJJ. possible rotor orders at all possible settings. A test pulse is sent 

at each setting through the maze to a cross-patching board representing all 

possible steckers and back through the rotors to a set of test relayso At 

wrong settings all 26 relays will usually carry current» indicating that 

no unique circuit exists 9 and accordingly the machine steps automatically 

to the next settingo When one or more relays fail to receive current9 the 

BOMBE stopsg records the settings and continues testingo 

Included in the .family are the Army MADAME X (AFSAF 14» 003 RELAY BOMBE),, 

t.he NAVY BOMBE (AFSAF 23.11 CXCQ.,, models 530 and 1530) and the British JUMBO 

equipmento Modifications and usages produced the SWISS CRIBDRAGGER (AFSAF 15 

and J.6)» FIRE ENGINE9 GRANDDAD, ARLINGTON DUDBUSTER (AFSAF 179 AXDQ/1) and 

JONES DUDBUSTERo Plans were cancelled for AZALEA and BACHEL.OR3 both versions 

of a HIGH SPEED CRIBDRAGGER (AFSAF 43) to do testing with photoelectric cellso 

'JJhe DERVISH project (353-7406) is aimed at developing unit components tor use 

in various combinations as specific analytic deviceso One such experimental 

set=-up3 called BRIDE9 operates at megacycle rates as an ENIGMA analog and 

cribd.raggero 

The SCRITCHERS are designed to do the full BOMBE test for steckering 

pl.us an additional test for reflector pluggingo This category includes the 

AUTOSCRITCHER (GRAPEVINE)s the SUPERSCRITCHER (AFSAF 189 SEQUENCE TESTER) 

and the five Navy DUENNAS (no AFSAF numbers N=l500s CXL.U) 9 all described 

under their own headingso Given rotor wirings a known or easily assumed 

-.3-

TOP SECRET FROTH 
'fOf SB9RM FID'ffl 

ENIGMA ANALTIIC MACHINERY (Cont'd) 

motion and a crib of 100 or more letters accurately placed.8 a SCRITCHER 

successively assumes all steckering and reflector plugging combinations and 

tests each against the fulJ. cycle of the two rotors choseno Since the slow 

wheel or wheels are assumed to be motionless, they may be considered a unit 

with the reflector, producing onfy' a monoalphabetic substitutiono When a 

possible setting is found8 the machine stops 9 makes a record and continues 

testing. Plans for a pair of one-wheel BOMBE-type cribtesters to be called 

MONA (N-1100) were dropped in favor ot DUENNAo Comparable British equipment 

is called GIANTo Details are lacking but there was a pair of GRENADE-type 

equipments unofficially called COCA COLA and PEPSI COLA which operated as 

SCRITCHER controlso 

'llhe third or miscellaneous category is quite numerouso 11he largest single 

group in it is the GRENADE family,, all limited purpose message s etters which 

operate as BOMBE attachments and controls o It includes the f'ive STANDARD (N-1900) 8 

one PARALLELs ona MULTIPLE9 one DRAG9 two SLIDING (N~l700),, one PLUGGABLE SERIFS, 

one MEDUSA and one POLYGRENADE (UNIVERSAL PLUGBOARD)o CIU.Y and QUERY GRENADES 

,,.-ere usages on a STANDARD GRENADEa The Aney CLAMBAKER (AFSAF 20) was actualzy- a 

GRENADEo So also is the photoele~tric HYPO (AFSAF +01) 8 a RAM film c:omparator 

which applies a statistioa.l letter frequency testa All serve to f'ind window 

settings when all other variables are knowns and a.ll but HYPO and DUDBUSTER 

use a. crib8 usually or 4 or 5 letterso 

'IDP S~GREi'f' FRO'!'II 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
~S:.J;.~A~~a TOP ~tKft.d I ttROTH 

'J.'QP SESR:Ei'l PR0'ffl 

ENIGMA ANALYTIC MACHINERY (Cont 1d) 

·other devices in the third or miscellaneous category include the M-S 

DECIPHERING DEVICE, the M-9 HANDTESTER (OPAL., N-5503 N-18003 N-2400) 8 the OOA 

wheel (N-2300) 9 M-10 PRINTER (N-1000-8) 9 the JONES DUDBUSTER, FILIBUSTER,, OYSTER 

SHUCKER, DOUBLE INPUT (AFSAF 21 and 22), MACHINE GUN, FALSE STOP ELIMINATOR, 

SQUELCHER (CONFLICT SUPPRESSOR) 9 PRINTER TESTER, SELF DETECTOR and numerous 

unnamed circuit testers and plugboard checking devices. 

In the following chart, the numbers in the two columns at the right refer 

to the seven variables listed in paragraph three: 

AUTOSCRITGHER crib9 up to 200 ltrso 

BOMBE crib a about 16 ltrs .. 

CRIBDRAGGER crib.11 5 to 10 ltrso 

DUDBUSTER letter rreqo test 

DUENNA crib, up to 100 ltrs. 

GRANDDAD crib, up to 32 ltrs. 

GRENADE crib9 4 to 5 ltrso 

HYPO letter freq. test 

SUPERSCRITCHER crib8 up to 100 ltrso 

Reference~ 

MoAoCo Outlines No. 9.11 16, 18, 20 

GYA 450 Reports 

Mro J. Stapleton 

Mr. G. McDonald 

GIVEN 

l 

1,2 

1,112 

l.92s3,4 

l 

15 2 

18 2,394 

l,,2,39 4 

1 

TO FIND 

2,3,4,5 

3,4,5 

3,4,5 

5 

2,3,4,; 

3,4a5 

5 

5 

2,3a4s5 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
REF ID:A60998 

TOP SECRET FROTH 

'feP SE9RB'l' PRO'l'H September 1954 

FILM COMPARER 

FILM COMPARER, a term which normally designates a general class 

of equipments,, was once used to designate a particular,, rather unimportant optical cribtester for ma.tchine superimposed films to find by eye 

possible settings of Jap PURPLE wheelso It was built by F Branch of Arrq, 

Project 6-5089,, in 1945 but never became operational. 

The device handled only 20 letters of the alphabet,, the remaining 6 

always being handled by a 4th wheel in the Japanese machineo It was littl.e 

more than a light viewer box designed to accomodate 3 or 4 hand-inserted 

TESSIE films (the type used in ICKY I) chosen from a library of 400 filmso 

Each film contained a.11. possible wheel settings and the corresponding plaincipher pair, represented as a 25 x 253 matrix, and identification of this 

f'ilm was this plain-cipher pairing as a digraph, A to A, A to B etco With 

3 or 4 such films superimposed, light coming through at any point indicated 

a possible setting which could be checked by deciphering the preceding or 

foJJ.owing text at the suggested setting. 

Size was 1 1H x 21L x l 1D and rate was operatoras speed, a crib tested 

at one point in about 30 or 40 seconds. 

Reference: 

Mr. E.D. Marston 

!OP ~ FRe'fH 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
REF ID:A60998 

SECRET September 1.954 

FREQUENCY COUNTERS 

Frequency counters constitute one of the largest categories of analytic 

machinery in the Agencyo A great variety of thesll!I., some nameless and some now 

forgotten" has been developed and built in the past 12 years to count bauds.11 to 

count characters.11 both monographic and polygraphic1 to count repeats, etco 

Aside from the larger, well-defined ones such as FREAK I and II., MIKE.11 ALCATRAZ, 

and the "CADILLAC-FREAK11 pa.ir,all described elsewhere.11 the following listing is 

as nearly exhaustive as possible o Also excluded a.re equipments with markedly 

different additional functions or those in which counting is incidental to another 

prime function. 

As early as 19428 the Army had informally and without benefit or record or 

name put together the first of a number of breadboard models al1 basically the 

same.11 using from 5 to 104 visual type mechanical counters to tally pulses. These 

counters are normally molll'lted on a board and operate from keyboard or tape 

reader. Most popular is the 3 x 4 array for frequency counting digital tr·affic.11 

furnishing a tally or digits.11 plus dits and an overall character count. Several 

are still in operation in some of the divisionso In 19431 the Aricy- purchases a 

tiny, gear-driven9 nameless device which ran a CXCO tape manua.lly over a tapefeed mechanism and gave a visual total or characters (actuall;y the number of 

feed holes) on a small counter. It was used to locate hits indicated by the 

I. C. MACHINE and TESSIE equipment o 

SECRET 
REF ID:A60998 

8~ SECRET 

FREQUENCY COUNTERS {Cont'd) 

The DIFFERENCE COUNTER, built by NSA-82 in 1950, is typical of such devices, 

using a set of 12 counters to take differences between two tapes. It has a TDY 

double-headed tape reader input and gives a straight numerical count of differences between characters, plus dit count and overall totala It is in use at 

Arlington Hall Station in room 2054-Bo 

In 1951.11 NSA-82 built an 8 x 13 bank or visual counters mounted on a 21 x 3' 

inclined board. It has no particular name and operates with tape equipnent to 

provide counts in up to 10/• categories. Rate is 6 to 8 characters per second. 

It is also in room 2054-B. One hook-up of this with a TDY double-headed reader 

and particular relay box 21H x 1 1L x 11D is called DINOME COUNTER. The tapes 

supply respectively the initial and final half of the dinom.es being counted. 

ft.nother device involving this 104-counter board is called OVERLAP COUNTER 

(no AFSAF number). Using a TDY double-headed tape reader and a particular pair 

ot relay boxes 21H x 1 1L x l'D, the device automatical~ makes a frequency count 

on a width up to 250 of the occurances of a selected two~baud pattern, such as 

/- .j. , for exa"'lple. This pattern is formed by successive characters in a tape 

or between tapes. Single bauds (hole or no-hole) can also be counted. 

Once in 1941+ and again in 1948, Navy connected a pair of 15-window counterbanks from an IBM 075 CARD SORTER to a double-headed CXCO tape reader and called 

each of the units by the simple but ambiguc>us title FREQUENCY COUNTER (also 

STANDARD or SIMPLE FREQUENCY COUNTER)o They are still stored at Naval Security 

Station. The MONOMIC COUNTER~also at Navyjconsists of one such 15-window counter 

bank and a digital keyboardo It too is at Naval Security Station in building 4, 

J 

SECRET 
REF ID:A60998 

S!l6Re'f !)t;~-1- ------ FREQUENCY COUNTERS (Cont 1d) 

The ALCATRAZ contract also produced BABY ALCATRAZ (6 x 6 CB.11 CXMH) m 

October 1949, containing a 6 x 6 array of counters of the same type and size 

as in ALCATRAZ. Counter contents may be read out visually or electricallyo 

It is in use at Naval Security Stationa Size is 6°H x 3'L x 31D9 input rate 

is 8 characters per second and output rate using its own printer, type 10 AVN.11 

is about 4 characters per secondo Used with a special BASE=-10 MATTHEW 

(4'H x 21L x l 1D) 8 built by NSA-35 in 19509 whose 10 x 10 matrix output goes 

directly to the counters through a 20 x 34 plugboard,, the whole set-up is 

called MATTHEW-SIMON BASE-10 FREQUENCY COUNTER (XBL). No clear agreement 

exists on the term SIMON, or SIMPLE SIMONo It usually refers to FREC..UENCY 

COUNTER (STANDARD or SIMPLE FREQUENCY COUNTER) but is sometimes also applied 

to MONOMIC COUNTER. The MANUAL COUNTER (AFSAF .50.11 MOD 10 FREQUENCY COUNTER) 

was built by NSA-.35 in January 195.3 for straight digital count.ingo No details 

are available. DIAC (AFSAF Dl22, DESK DIGITAL COUNTER) is being developed under 

project 355-76000 It also has been termed a MANUAL COUNTER and a MOD 10 

FREQUENCY COUNTER, making nearly impossible the task of distinguishing these last 

two devices. 

The MOD 2 DEVICE (MOD 2 ADDITIVE MACHINE), also described under TAPE 

COMP.ARATORS.11 has both a baud combining and character counting function. The 

KOREAN COUNTER, a portable monographic frequency counting device, was built by 

NSA-35 for ASAPAC in 1950 and may not properly belong in this listing. It 

consists of 38 visual counters.11 32 for the set of Baudot characters.11 5 for baud 

levels and l for overall total,. Input is by keyboard and speed is less than 10 

characters per second. Navy completed a nameless THIRTY-TVlO CHARACTER FREQUENCY 

COUNTER in June 19458 but no details are availableo It has probably been 

dismantled. 

...3 ... 

SECRET 
8'.S6RB'l 

FREQUENCY COUNTERS (Cont'd) 

DELTA COUNTER (AFSAF 107) has 6 mechanical counters for totaling delta 

(change or no-change between successive character bauds) for 5 levels in a tape 

and an overall character total. It has a TDX single-headed reader input 9 a tiny 

l• x 1' x l' relay box, the counterboard and optional added outputs to CXCO 

regeneration typewriter or tape punch. Location is at Arlington Hall Station in 

room 2054-Bo Rate is 6 to 8 characters per second. 

The DELTA-DOT-CROSS COUNTER (AFSAF D56) 9 built by NSA-35 in 1952, counts 

runs of consecutive .f•s or -'s in 5-level tape. It does this 5 levels at a time 

and is limited to 13 bauds of each type (or 26, all 0£ one kind). It gives 5 

subtotals for /., 5 for - 9 and an overall total, using in all lli]. counter5o It 

is in use at Naval Security Station in room 17B.35o Size is 61H x 51L x l'D and 

rate is 6 to 8 characters per second. 

RUN COUNTER (no AFSAF number) was built by NSA-24 in 194$ and» like the 

DELTA-DOT-CROSS COUNTER, counts runs or sequenced of up to 16 consecutive holes 

or no-holes.11 but only one level at a time. It contains 32 counters and stops 

automatically when the capacity is exceeded, permitting the operator to handstep the tape through the remainder of the run. It consists or a TDX si.11gle= 

headed tape reader input, l 1H x 1 1L x l 1D relay box connected with the 8 x JJ 

counterbank, all located at Arlington Hall. Station in room 2054-Bo Some confusion arises from occasional application of the name RUN COUNTER to the DELTADOT-CROSS COUNTER. 

SECRET 
OEieRBIP 

FREQUENCY COUNTERS (Cont'd) 

COUNTING DEVICE for CARD...QPERATED TYPEWRITER and HORACE (AFSAF ll6), both 

described elsewhere under their own titles, are two IBM frequency counting deviceso 

The first operated from tape with an 058 CARD=OPERATED TYPEWRITER at a rate or 

8 to 10 characters per second and is now disrnantledo HORACE is used with a 407 

TABULATOR and counts punches in any ll or the 12 levels or a cardo Rate is 150 

cards per nrlnuteo It is located at Arlington Hall Station in the 8th wing, 

A Building. 

References: 

Brief Descriptions of RAM. Equipment 

CIT paper 51 

SIMON Completion Report 

Miss K. Blank 

Mr. Ko P. Cook 

Mr o Go Lockhart 

Mro Ro Nothnagel 

Mr o J. Russell 

Mro Jo Stapleton 

-5-

SECRET 
REF ID:A60998 

September 1954 

GENERAL PURPOSE COMPARING GATE 

The GENERAL PURPOSE COMPARING GATE (AFSAF 110-B, OPPOSED-con. COMPARING 

GATE) is a general purpose repeat search and comparing device used originally 

in conjunction with a 513 and later either a 519 REPRODUCER or 797 COORDINATING REPRODUCER, usually to do isomorphic and pattern searcho One model 

was built by NSA-22 in 1948, designed to do any type comparingo Plans by 

Navy ror SQUINTER (CXOH), an optical general comparator to compare texts in 

IBM cards and find high points of IG by actually beaming light through a deck 

of cards, were dropped in favor of other methods such as this gateo 

In effect, the device permits comparing SO columns vs 80 colwnns using 

double-wound coilso It has a flexiblea completely inter-pluggable arrangement permitting connection of output to any character desiredo It can reduce 

as many as 13 columns of characters to isomorphic patterns. There are 

13 x 12 positions needed to show full isomorphic pattern of a 13-character 

2 

long sequence. A counting circuit was added to record total of up to 6 

equal characters, or matchese Input and output are by carda 

Size is 3'H x 3 1L x 28D and rate is 100 cards per minuteo It is currently 

available for use at Arlington Hall Station in NSA-82 area.11 building Ao 

Reference: 

Mr o S.. Thorne 
REF ID:A60998 

SECRET September 1954 

GENERAL PURPOSE SETTING GENERATOR 

The GENERAL PURPOSE SEmNG GENERATOR (AFSAF 115) is a relay gate 

used with a 513 REPRODUCER PUNCH to simulate any particular cipher device 

or key generator. Little used since the SETTING GENERATOR (AFSAF 35) began 

operation, it was built in September 1950 by NSA-22 together with its 

associated ADVANCING ALPHABET CIRCUITS. 

The gate consists ma.inly of a collection of relay bases, connectors 

and terminal blocks so mounted in a small frame to facilitate wiring the 

parts as an analog to the particular machine in question. Wiring is done 

internally on the relay bases, a relatively simp1e job, according to ideas 

and principles devel.oped during the TAN problemo At various times while 

doing the following particular jobs, it has been called the MODIFIED BINARY 

MOTION SETTING GENERATOR, HALLMARK SETTING GENERATOR (HALLMARK KEY GENERATOR) 

the NRL (for Naval. Research Laboratory) KEY GENERATOR and a HAGELIN .setting 

generator. Plans were dropped for a second HALLMARK SETTING GENERATOR. The 

ADVANCING ALPHABET CIRCUITS, a set of 12 re1ays units providing identification 

alphabets of up to 26 characters, is used exclusively with the GENERAL PURPOSE 

SETTING GENERATOR to label recorded wheel settings. A 11W-eliminate 11 switch 

has been provided for easy application to HAGELIN problems. 

The relay gate containing this pair or units is available at Arlington 

Hall Station in room 1700-A, but would have to be modified to operate with a 

519 REPRODUCER, since no 513 is available nowo Size of the gate is 

.3 1H x J'L x 21D and rate is 100 cards per minute. 

References: 

Mr. J. Powers 

Mr. s. Thome 

SECRET 
• 

REF ID:A60998 

TOP SECRET FROTH -- 'f6P SEeRE'f PR6'ffl September 1954 

GRENADES 

A GRENADE (CXMV) is any of a series of messages setters, used 

as auxiliary attachments to a NAVY OOMBE (AFSAF 23). They- are essentially 

pluggable switch banks to control operation of a BOMBE so as to find 

window settings of ENIGMA enciphered ~ssages in a solved period. Several. 

types were developed by- Navy- and built by- National. Cash Register Company-, 

the earlies in 1943. Comparable Army devices such as CLAMBAKE (AFSAF 20) 

or DUDBUSTER (AFSAF 17) were ~ equivalent but were seldom called GRENADES. 

A known steckering (daily- plugging} is required and a properly" placed 

4 or 5-letter crib is usually sufficient. There were sixteen STANDARD 

GRENADES (M-256, N-1900) each consisting or a long panel of switches. One 

PARALLEL GRENADE (M-252) permitted running four 4-l.etter cribs simu1taneously 

on one BOMBE. One MULTIPLE GRENADE (M-332) used five letters to do the usual 

job on traffic from four multiplenotch wheels. One DRAG GRENADE (M-265) tried 

four cribs simultaneously" at all adjacent positions within a span of 16 letters, 

under certain limitations on input and output points. Two SLIDING GRENADES 

(M-253, N-1700) handled the added difficulty- of a rotating reflector wheel byconsidering it a fourth wheel. One PLUGGABLE ~ERIES GRENADE aimed at recovery 

of wheel order and ring setting in traffic with "double grune" or two basic 

indicator settings. The POLYGRENADE (UNIVERSAL PLUGBOARD) was a generalized 

p1ugboard and switching arrangement used with the MEDUSA GRENADE (M-317). It 

permitted testing new ideas without special equipment and tried up to 26 cribs 

in 13 positions. The cribs, howeve:r; had to be non-unique and involve no more 

than 16 letters or cipher. The CILLY GRENADE and the QUERY GRENADE were usages, 

not devices, the first dealing with the fact the Germans often changed wheel 

TOP SECRET FROTti 

'i'OP Sl!i6R.lli'f FHO'fH 
+eP REF 

____ ID:A60998 ,._.._ -aem !St:it Kt:. 1 14-

mP 8E9R:B'l' F'R0'l'II 

GREN:ADES (Cont'd) 

order by a cyc~ic shift and the later concerning a special case or double 

grund or daily window setting usage. Both were done on a STANDARD GRENADEo 

CLAMBAKE (AFSAF 20) operated as a GRENADE control to MADAME X. HYPO 

(AFSAF 101), described elsewhere, is a RAM film comparator which sets messages 

through use or a letter frequency statistical test and as such was effectively 

a GRENADE. No details are available on the JONES DUDBUSTER or the pair or 

control equipments lmown unofficially as COCA COLA and PEPSI COLA beyond the 

fact that all three belong in this category and the latter two are associated 

with the SCRITCHERS. 

Prints from a GRENADE run show only the position where the hit occured. 

None or this equipment had great weight or bulk, the largest being the 

PLUGGABLE SERIF.s GRENADE, 48H x 41L x 48D. All operate at BOMBE speed, 50 

seconds for a 3-wheel run. All but the STANDARD GRENADE have been dismantled. 

Three of these are now in operation at Naval Security Station in room 4172 and 

thirteen more are stored in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Reference: 

CIT papers J,14,17,259 26,53 

CIT-TS 1,2,39151 18,19,26 

GYA 450 Report 

Pictorial Record 

Mr. G. McDonald 

Mrc J. Stapleton 

-2-

TOP SECRET FROTH 

'±'OP SESRB'l' F'RO'i'II 
REfw..ID;.,.~09~ TOP Sr;C1tr..TOTH '!UP OECR!l'f FftO'.m September 1954 

GYP 

KEY COMBINER (no AFSAF) GYP (no AFSAF number, KEY COMBINER) is a 

desk-top relay tape comparator and di!!erencer which adds two 5-level 

tapes mod 2 level by level counting councidences between tapes. Three 

ot the first models were built by NSA-22, the first in 1948. A fourth 

and, more flexible model was built by NSA-82 in 1953 to handle decryption 

of an increases traffic volum.eo The last acquired the name GYP which has 

been applied to the three earlier oneso 

Input is by a TDY double-headed tape reader and output is to machanical 

counters mounted on a board or optionally to a CXCO regeneration typewriter 

and punch. Two 5-level tapes are read ini> compared by baud levels in a 

tiny relay box (like signs cancel, unlike give a punch or ta.J.ly)o Counters 

show coincidence totals on 5 level and are overall total. GYP is more 

flexible in that the 18 selections in the relay box are pluggable and input 

may be any 5 levels of a 7-level tape. This makes any rule of baud combination 

possible on GYP. 

Size of the relay box is l' x 1 1 x 1 1 plus tape reader,, 1' x l' counter 

board, CXCO regeneration typewriter and punch. Rate is 6 to 8 characters 

per second.. All 4 are in use at Arlington Hall Station. One of the first 

model is used on the STURGE01'1 in room 204Sc-A; the others are in room 205-B. 

References: 

Miss K. Blank 

Mr. G. Lockhart 

Mr. G. Stahly Mr. s. Thorne 

TOP SECRET FROTH !t'OP Sl!iSRE'.£ PBD!PH 
'i'6P SBGRE'f PRO'i'H September 1954 

HAGELDl PEG PATTERN GENERATOR 

'lfhe HAGELIN Pm PATTERN GENERATOR (XEB) is a relay desktop equipment to 

combine peg (pin) pattema and record them in tape. It was built by Navy in 

1944 to replace a longer process on general CXCO F.qμipment. It et'Onsists 

mainly of the SATYR HEAD (AFSAF 102/10) 9 which is a eet of 6 c ... ;.a type HA.GELDl 

llheels electran.echanically advancedso plua a built=m pulse control. 

The output is 6 baud.a: representing activity or :inactivity of pins in 

control position on the wheels 1 and is produced as a pattern tape on a CXCO 

punch. This tape., aEusuall:y usedJI may then be aligned with a cipher tape for 

a digraph count or width count (64 sort., etc:.). 

The generator is l'H :xt 21L x 2 1D plus: CXCO tape pim.ch, and operates at 

6 to 8 characters per secondo It i:s, in use at Naval security Station in 

1"0001 4152. 

Reference: 

CI'll Paper· No. 1.$ 

Mr. Ho Lofink 

Mr. Ro Notmagel 

Mro J. Stapletm 

TOP SECRET FROTH 

'WP SESRE'P FROTH 
TOP ~~E'f FUOTH 'fOF DEl8REl! FRO'fll September 1954 

HAGELIN WINDOW SETTING GENERATOR 

The WINDOW SETTING GENERATOR (no AFSAF number) is a relay setting 

generator to produce successive settings of HAG.ELIN wheels in any part 

or all of the cycleo Navy built two. The first.11 in 1948, operates with 

a REMRAND card puncho The 2nd, in 1950, uses a 513 REP~DUCER to record 

resultso 

Set up at a particular window setting, the generator unit continues 

automatically through the wheel cycle, producing and recording successive 

settings and a count of its position in cards, one card per positiono 

Corresponding cipher text letters are introduced by tape from a CXCO reader 

for inclusion in the cardo 

The first measures 31H x 2'L x 2'D and the latter is a desktop device 

about l'H x 2'L x 21D, plus tape reader and card punch. Operation is at 

6 to 8 characters per second. They are at Naval Security Station in 

room 41570 

Reference: 

Technical Library Mr. R. Nothnagel 

Mr. J. Stapleton 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
REF ID:A60998 

-SEi8RE'f' SECRET September J.954 

HANDTESTERS 

The £unction 0£ a handtester is to provide the analyst a corrvenient 

and efficient means 0£ check:ing suggested aettings 9 keys 8 cribs and circuits 3 

and to extend placed cribso Keytester and cribtester are synonymous terms; 

this testing function is frequently found :in analogs and deciphering devices. 

The easy transition to semi~automatic and fully aut.oma.tic testing further 

dims the boundaries of the classo 

Since 1940s a whole series of such testers has been developed and built 

many so unimportant as to leave no recordo SILLY SUE (PURPLE HANDTESTER) was 

an electrical circuit tracer built by .ArJI\Y in 1940 for use on Jap dip1cmatic 

RED traffics it was probably the earliest tester and is described in MoAoCo 

Outline No.So The device was simply a large board on which three Wired wheel 

mazes were represented as sets 0£ electrical. contacts. A metal rider on a 

sliding bar permitted selection and reading 0£ any contact. It can be 

considered an expernrlnental prototype to the PURPLE ANALOG which is described 

under that titleo 

Navy built the M-9 HANDT.ESTER as an auxiliary to the BOMB.ES. It consisted 

of endplates and stators arranged to hold a variable nwnber of rotors. All 

motion was supplied by hand. Input was by switches and output was to l or 26 

lamps. A total of 72 was built between 1943 and 1945. 

The term WIRED WHEEL HANDTFSTER is obviously ambiguous but has been applied 

to specific machines,. One model., was built by Army in 1946 from SIGABA parts 

and was called a WIRED WHEEi:& or HEBERN HANDTESTER (MoAoCo Outlines Noo 8)0 

It provided for assembly 0£ up to twenty 26-point rotors and is described 

elsewhere under this title. Used with an adapter tmit in 19478 one of these was 

SECRET 
REF ID:A60998 

HANDTESTERS (Cont 1 d) SECRET 

called a B-2ll HANDTESTER. It was superseded by the specialized tester 

described under that title.. Another wired wheel tester, a simple panel 

with space to hold as many as ten 26-point rotors, is al.so cal.led AFSAF-l.9 .. 

Several are stored in room 0200-B. A simple SWITCH HANDTESTER was built by 

Army in 1947 for use by the analysts, but no details are availableo 

Both HEr.LCAT I and II are a combination deciphering device and key tester. 

They are described separately. OBOE may also be thought of as a hand-operated 

cribtester, although the automatic testing feature of PICCOLO rather removes 

it from this category. The same may be said of FIRECRACKER, the GRENADES 

FROG, HECATE and other cribtesters. All these are in effect, test cribs 

but are excluded here because a handtester is no~ thought of as slow 

and non-automatic. 

Referenceg 

GYA-450 Report 

M.A.C. Outline No. 8 

Mr. J. Russell 

-2-

SECRET 
September 1954 

JOHN 

JOHN (AFSAF 104A, LUKE, MONONOME-DINOME MACHINE) is a relay-type 

mononome-dinome counter and substitution device used for deciphering 

digital traffic. In August 1947, NSA 24 built an experimental breadboard model of this device and shortly thereafter a working model3 both 

of which were called MONONOME-DINOME MACHINES and required a 10 x 10 

MATTHEW as an auxiliary to strip key from the original cipher text, 

first step in the decipherment process. These recognized up to 3 

mononomes and 70 dinomes 9 in the form of a 7 x 10 dinome square. Two 

more followed in July 1948 which included the MATTHEW function internally; 

these were the first to be called JOHNS and could recognize 4 m.ononomes 

and a 6 x 10 dinome square,. Navy then built LUKE9 (XEZ) essential:cy- the 

same device 9 differing only in external appearance. This and all the later 

devices recognized up to 10 moncnomes. All 5 of these earlier equipments 

have been dismantled. NSA-82 has built 8 more JOHNS6 all basically 

alike 9 and numbered serially 1 thru 8. 

In general9 a JOHN contains two mat.rixes.11 one essentially a 10 x 10 

MATTHEW matrix for stripping key from cipher by normal. rules of digraphic 

substitution9 such as C-K=P. The second is a specialized matrix which 

recognizes each digit of incoming stripped cipher 1 (as a mononome and 

prints out a substitution value directly or 2) as the initial half of a 

dinome and stores it in relays as a "side coordinate 18 to the ma.trix0 In 

this latter case 9 the digit .following is of course, automatically 

recognized as the final half of a dinome and a substitution value for it 

is typed out. Key and cipher are read from tape by a TDY double~headed 

TOP SECRET FROTH '.ffiP BrleRBf F'RO!fI 
'ffiF SE0Rlft' F'RO'i'H 

JOHN (Cont 1d) 

tape readero One CXCO regenerator typewriter records the intermediate 

stripped cipher and another lists the final deciphermento 

All 8 existing JOHNS are much alike and measure 21H x 21L x l 1D plus 

a TDY double~headed reader and a pair of CXCO regeneration typewritero 

Rate of operation is·6 to 8 characters per secondo Six are in use at 

Arlington Hall Station in room 2048-A and two at Agency headquarters 

in Frankfurt» Germaeyo 

References: 

MAC Outlines #52 

Mro KoPo Cook 

Mro Go Lockhart 

Mr o So Thorne 

TOP SECRET FROTH 

'fer SEiSffllji' FRO't'H 
September 1954 

JOOS TYPEWRITER 

The JOOS TYPEWRITER was a relay' polygraphic f'requenc;r counter 

built tor Army by Dr. Martin Joos in 1943. It was supereeded by 

various equipments such as ICKY I (TF.SSIE II) and the 70mm COMPARATOR 

(AFSAF 2)o 

Two texts to be matched for coincidences were read from tape 

on a double-headed reader and matched character b;y character in rela;y 

circuitry housed in a small box. At a coincidence 9 a OXCO regeneration 

typewriter recorded the particul.ar character and continued recordil)g 

successive characters until a non-coincidence occured. This would cause 

the typewriter to line-:f'eed and wait until the next coincidence appeared. 

The process resulted in. a diagonal listing of all text coincidences, 

whether a single character or a po~graph, each shown on a separate line. 

Size was about l' x 1 1 x l plus reader and tYt>ewritero Speed 

was about 4 characters per second. It wq.s used at Arlington Hall 

Station and has been dismant1ed. 

References: 

TICOM, Vol. II 

Mr. A. Small 

CONFIDENTIAL 
8ESRE'f 

JOSE September 19.54 

JOSE (JOSE ITURBI, PIANO) was a general purpose relay gate usually used 

with a 405 TABULATOR for a number of special jobs o Two were built by F Branch 

or Army in about 1945. It is replaced by equipments or larger capacity, such 

as the GENERAL PURPOSE 100 W!RE CONTACT RELAY GATFs,, 

The device consisted of 50 pluggable 11-position class-selector relays 

and was used to increase selector capacity or some base IBM equipmento One 

usage was to list conflicts between patterns in plain-cipher pairs or one 

message and those or another message in a different conversion square period, 

thus finding impossible points of overlapo It was used in recovering of discriminant enciphering squareso In another usage, always requiring special 

wiring for the particular job, the device was used as a multiple crib drag, 

deriving possible key for matching against known keyo Making a rhyming 

dictionary by lining up irregular length entries so as to end in the same 

column was another usageo For this la.st, the gate operated with a 513 

REPRODUCER. 

It was piano shaped, measuring 4 1H x 51L.x 21D, p1us 405 TABULATOR. 

Rate was up to 120 cards per minute. Both have been dismantledo 

Reference: 

Mr. A. Highley Mr. s. Thorne 

Mr. W. Turner 

SECRET 
REF ID: A60 998 .. ...,. 

CONFIDENTIAL 

Q9NFIBEN'HA£ September 1954 

· KRYHA ANALOG 

The KR1HA ANALOG (KRYHA DECIPHER) was an improvised electromechanical desk-top device to simulate the KRIHA cipher device. It 

was built in 1942 tor ~by Dr. Martin Joos out of whatever materials 

were available. 

The analog used selector switches and relays to simulate the alphabet } 

sliding in the pa.rent device. Ordinary light l?Ulbs served both as resistors 

and to indicate internal setting. The bulb for the letter J was painted 

read to remind the operator to punch the key twice. Input was by keyboard 

and output was to a CXCO regeneration typewriter. 

The device measured about 31H x 31L x 11D plus keyboard and typewriter. 

Rate of speed was very slow. It has been dismantled • 

. References: 

MAC Outlines 1136 Mr~ R. Weidman 

Mr. L. Wheatley 

CONFIDENTIAL 
REF ID : A60 9~~ TOP SECRET otitOTH 

'l'0P S:S6RE!l' F!RO~ September 1954 

MADAME X 

MADAME X (AFSAF 14, AXCQ/l, 003 RELAY BOMBE, ARMY :OOMBE), was a relay 

crib tester or message setter, an exhaustive trial device designed to 

recover stecker (end-plate wiring), rotor order and window setting for 

German AI"IlJY traffic enciphered on a three-wheel ENIGMA machineo In Ju4r 

and October 1943 Bell Telephone Laboratories delivered 144 of the 003 frames, 

basic units which make up a BOl..ffiE. These used telephone selector switches to 

simulate rotor encipherment while comparable Navy equipment (AFSAF 23) uses 

actually spinning one-sided rotorso 

A number of special attachments and usages were developed. Two models 

of the SWISS CRIBDRAGGER (AFSAF 15 & 16) set up in 1945 added circuitry to 

a set of the 003 frames, extending the BOMBE cribtesting function to crib= 

draggingo Each model used a different sensing system, permitting a SCBITCHER 

type testing. The ARLINGTON DUDBUSTER (AFSAF 17), described elsewhere8 used 

the 003 frames in ap~ing a statistical test rather than a crib. Plans for 

AZALEA and BACHELOR, two suggested versions of a photolectric HIGH SPEED 

CRIBDRAGGER (AFSAF 43), were cancelled, as were plans for MONA (N-1100), 

a one-wheel BOMBE. CLAMBAKE (AFSAF 20) was a GRENADE type message setter. 

OYSTER SHUCKER was a control attachment to make specialized tests. DOUBLE 

INPUT (AFSAF 21 and 229 also called CROSSPATCHING or RECIPROCAL BOARDS) 

two-part menuo FALSE STOP ELIMINATOR (FALSE HIT E£.IMINATOR) and a conflict 

suppressor similar to the Navy SQUELCHER controlled volume of print-outs by 

adding a secondary test. 

FfOP S:S6RS'i' FRO!l'H 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
REF ID:A60998 

TOP SECRET FROTH 

'l'0P SEi9Rl!i'f FRO'fll 

MADAME X (Cont 0d) 

Each 003 frame was in effect a double ENIGMA cipher machine.11 and 

as many frames were used as there were pairs of letters in the menu 

(crib versus cipher letter pairings) 9 usually about 16. These frames 

were preset at prescribed setting intervals and all were pulsed to 

step at once9 thus retaining the setting intervals wichanged during 

a run or testo An electric impulse was sent through successive frames. 

The reciprocal board. 9 representing possible steckers 9 furnished a series 

of return paths through which the current flooded back to other levels 

of the ENIGMA chain and eventually back to the test relayso At wrong 

settings, all twenty=six paths would usually have current indicating no 

true single reciprocal circuit existeda Accordin~ the ma.chine stepped 

to the neit setting, continuing through the cycle or 263 or 179 576 

settings.11 testing all possible stacker assumptions at every settingo When 

one or more of the test relays failed to get current 9 the machine stopped 

and a recording device 11 printed11 a record.9 a square of points burned onto 

metal=coated teledeltos pa.pero Control and recording were housed in one 

unit called a turrent 9 located in an adjacent roomo 

A single frame measured B9H x 6nL x lUD and as many such units were 

interconnected as the problem reqμiredo Tmsting one three-wheel order 

took 10 minutes 9 wheel order change required half a second; and a hit 

was recorded in one secondo All 003 equipment 9 in original or modified form.11 

has been dismantledo It operated at Arlington Hall Station until shor·t.ly 

after World War II in Room 0200-Bo 

Referenceg M.AoCo Outlines Noa 9 

MoAoCo Outlines Noo 16 

Mro Eo Do Marston 

-2-

TOP SECRET FROTH 
September 195L,. 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

NAG PL 86::-36/50 USC 3605 

NAG (AFSAF 105 and 1.05A, HAGEI.IN C-38 ANALOG, ELECTRICAL HAGELIN, 

AXNQ/l) is a rel.ay analog of the HAGEr.IN C-38 ci:pher device, and is 

used mainly for 

The li.riey" built five of\the first model 

(AFSAF 105) between December 1944 and December. 1951. \.Serial 1 and 2 

a second model (AFSAF 105A) were delivered in 19539 and 1954 respectively. 

ELECTRIC HAGELIN designates the very first analog only; NAG, applied for 

shop convenience only to the latest two, AFSAF l05A, is already being 

applied to any and all of the seveno The Navy SATYR (AFSAF\102) is 

identical in principle and function, but uses the 6 actual pinwheels 

instead of relays and switches. 

Input is by keyboard and tape reader; output.is to a CXCO regeneration typewriter. Peg pattern, lug pattern and slide are set 

up on plugboards and starting point is set by switches. 

The device is very flexible and 

often specifically useful~! ~~~~~~~~~~~__,!which have a marked 

predominance of either active or inactive pegso 

TOP SECRET f.ROTH 
... 

REF ID:A6092.B TOP SECRET 14-ROTH 

!OP SEiSmi'!' ?Rei'fI 

NAG (Cont'd) 

Size o! the latest pair is 61H x 31L x 3'D plus keyboard and typewriter 

and rate is 6 to 8 characters per second. They are in operation at Arlington 

Hall Station in room 2208-A • 

Reference: 

MA.C Outlines No.32 

Completion Report 

Mro No Christopher 

Miss B. Church 

Mr. F. Mayol 

-2-

TOP SECRET FRO'"fH 

'fOP SEi0R!!l'f P RO'fll 
September 1954 

NAVY BOMDE 

The NAVY BOMBE (AFSAF 23, CXCQ) is a rotor type crib-tester 

and message setter using electronic and relay circuita to recover 

stacker, starting point and rotor order by exhaustive trial,, given 

only the rotor and reflector wiring in use in German ENIGMA traffic. 

UoSo Naval Computing Machine Laboratory working at National Cash 

Register Company in Dayton built about 140 of a:μ. types for Navy, 

the first arriving in October 19430 This figure includes 100 of the 

old model N-530, 29 of the now standard N-1530 and various special 

oneso Also in the family of BOMBES but described separtely are the 

eight FIRE ENGINES (INVERTED .BOMBE) and three GRANDDADS (N-8001 OOUBLE 

BOMBE),, all variations on the basic modelso The earliest experimental 

BOMBES were labelled N-500 and the very first pair was called ,ADAM and 

EVEo Comparable Army equipment was called MADAME X and simulated rotor 

motion with relayso 

A variety of GRENADES was de~eloped to perform limited BOMBE teats 

by ma.king use or additional information; these are described under that 

titleo Other special auxiliary devices include an M-S DECIPHERING DEVICE, 

M-9 HANDTESTER (N-550, N-1000, N-2400 and the associated BOA wheel,, N-2300).ll 

high-speed M-10 PRINTERS (N-1000-S) a JONE3 DUDBUSTER, a PRINTER TESTER, 

a SEl:.F-DETECTOR, a SQUEL.CHER (CONFLICT SUP~SOR) and others. 

The Navy machine uses actual single-sided rotors turning at 1725 

revolutions per minute to test exhaustive~ all stecker ass~ptions 

against all 263 = 17,567 or 264 = 4561 976 rotor settings. The correc~ 

'!'OP SEi9IlEi'i' FID'i'II 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
REF ID:A60998 

fOP SECRET FROTH 'fOP Sf!i8R!i' PRe'f 

NAVY BOMBE (Cont 6d) 

setting will differ from all others in that usually one and only one true 

circuit of the thirteen possible will be set up and only a pair of the 

twenty-six test relays will reeeive current. When one or more rel.ays tail 

to receive a pulse, the machine brakes, backs up to the right point 8 scans 

the primary circuits in the menu and then the secondary, if present, makes 

a printed reco:rd of the setting and continues testingo Input is a set of 

16 or l.ess crib-versus-cipher letter pairings called a menu, which is set 

up reciprocally on a p].ugboard. A STANDARD GRENADE is now built onto 

every BOMBE. 

Testing rate on the Navy machine is 50 seconds for a .3-wheel run or 

20 minutes for 4-wheel, considerable faster than the 10 minutes running 

time needed by MA.DAME X for a three wheel runo But wheel order change in 

MADAME X required half a second versus about 10 minutes for Navy9 thus 

resulting in slightly over an hour each for a full test of 6 wheel orderso 

A Navy BOMBE measures 79H x 8°L x 2°D and weighs 5000 pounds. A bay of 4 

BOMBES and associated wheel cabinets and checking desk requires 600 square 

feet or space., Four are in use at present at Naval Security Station in room 

41740 Thirteen more N-1530 BOMBES and sixteen assorted GRENADES are stored 

at Mechanicsburg~ Pennsylvania; the rest have been dismantledo 

Reference~ 

CIT papers ll,12,13,28,469 77s88 

CIT=TS 597,16,44,45,46 NSA~34 files 

Mro C. Higgins 

Mr. G.McDonald 

Mro J. Stapleton 

-2-

TOP SECRET FROTH 
....... REF ID:A60998 

CONFIDENTIAL 

September 1954 

NC MACHINES 

NC" is the abbreviation .for "Navy Change" and designates a series o:t 13 

equipments produced loca.lly for the most part by modifying standard IBM equipment. All are now obsolete and dismantled. 

The NG-1 was a CONSECUTIVE NUMBERING DEVICE which operated on a 513 

REPRODUCER PUNCH to number a deck of cards consecutively. The Mark I model 

was mechanically driven; Mark II was relay controlled. Speed was 100 cards 

per minute. In May 1950, NSA-22 built a similar bit 0£ numbering circuitry tor 

the custom-built 797 COORDINATING REPRODUCER (necessitated by its non-standard 

feed, with 9-edge of the card leading instead of the usual 12-edge), which was 

also called OONSECUTIVE NUMBERING DEVICE. 

The NC-2 was a RELAY ADDER to mechanize decryption of additive cipher, 

made by modifying a 513 REPRODUCER PUNCH. Size was 41H x 51L x 21D and rate 

was 100 cards per minute. The NC:-4 replaced it. 

The NC-3 was a SINGLE ELIMINATOR (CXNA) developed during the war by 

International Iilb.siness Machines Corporation for Navy. It was a standard 077 

COLLATOR modified to the single .f'un.ction of "de-duping," selecting duplicate 

cards in a deck and leaving the numerically uirl.qtie ones. It used vacullm tubes 

tor comparisons over a maximum span ot 10 positions. Both ot the two highly 

similar models operated at a. rate ot 300 cards par minute. The NC:.-12 replaced 

it. 

The NC-4 was a SEt.ECTIVE PUNCH (Mark I = OXNB, SELECTIVE CROSSFOOTING PUNCH: 

MARK II = AFSAF 42, CXNT, 797 COORDINATING REPRODUCER), the original ones being 

e a hybrid combination ot REPRODUCER elements on an 080 SORTER frame. Its basic 

improvement lies in the extra set of reading brushes installed between the card 

teed and punch dies, permitting reading the card one cycle earlier, doing' a 

CONf1DENTIAL 
e6Nfi'If>EN'l'ftii 

Na MACHINES (Cont'd) 

¥.f ... ;JR. =A§Piia CONt lUEN 1-1AL 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

calculation or substitution and then punching results into the same or a preceding 

9 card. This machine and its modifications, described in M.A.c. Outline Number 49, 

replaced the ~-built PRESENSING PUNCH. Now laiown only as 797 COORDINATING 

REPRODUCER, the ma.chine is a. versatile work-horse.and1 \.when used with various 

appropriate gates, can do matching, comparing,,reproducing,, gangpunching, etc. 

There was also a Mark III with a substitution matrixo Au NC-4 VERIFYING UNIT 

was built by Army in 1947 to indicate errors in the cards compared. Speed is 

100 cards per minute. 

The NC-5 was a PATTERN PUNCH (CxNC) which, like the NC-4, consisted of 

REPRODUCER elements and an extra set of reading brushes built into an N0-4 frame. 

Developed by International Business Ma.chines Corporat.ion for Navy and since 

returned, it was used to reduce upper text to a pattern of letter repeats within 

a span of 26. Symmetry search was made ot such pattemized text to lo_cate 

isomorphic coincidences between or within sequences. Requiring two cycles per 

card, its rate was less than 50 cards pe~ minute. 

The NC-6 was a COLUMN DIFFERENCER (CXND) oonsisting of 2 units, a modified 

51.3 REPRODUCER PUNCH and a special aecumul.ator unit measuring 51H x 51L x 2•D. 

rt could accumulate up to 400 occurences within a control group of cards, 

recognizing the.highest frequency digit and punchi.'lg a record into a summary card. 

A threshold could be set to ignore low frequency occurences entirely. One maja>r 

use wasl 

I Speed 

e was about one car.d . per second. It is described in MoAoCo Outline Number 19 and 

has been replaced by a number of other devices. 

-2-

CONFIDENTIAL 
REF ID:A60998 

CONFiDENTiAL 

eOM!i'iBBN'HAia 

NC' MACHINES (Cont 1d) 

The NC-7 was a. locally built PERCENTAGE SELECTOR (XEA., PERC»lTAGE COLtATI?lG 

DEVICE} consisting of two units, a.n. 077 COLLATOR used with a 3'H x 21L x 2'D 

relay unit to do a wide variety o:r jobs based on comparison to find partial 

matches. One use was a round robin comparison of 12,000 cards, selecting cases 

of t'WO or more occurences of three or more equal columns. In general, the 

machine accepted at·each c70le a column or field of columns as a standard and 

matched corresponding column. (s) as desired, selecting all cases which equal 

or exceed a given percentage of coincidence. F'or instance, all in-phase cases 

where two (40%) or more out of five columns coincided could be selected. Bate 

was 100 cards per minute. 

The NC-8 was an AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT CHANGER (XEK)$ a locally built plugboa,i-d 

switching device consisting of a 4'H x 6•L x 3'D relay unit. Usable with almost 

ant card operated machine, its main function was to perform automatic or manual. 

switching of a.lphabetic or numeric intormation among as many as 25 plugboards. 

It had a column arranging .f'eature similar to the COLUMN ARRANGING DEVICE. 

Manual or automatic control permitted various reproducing, gang punching and 

interpreting operations. A major use was to accept 10 groups from an original c 

and insert them group by group with collateral information in.to a particular fie 

in each oi lO new cards. Rate depended on the particular ma.chine with which it 

operated. 

The NC~9 was to be a SUBSTITUTION PUNCH to be used as an a:litachnient to. an 

NC-4 for performing a predetermined substitution of characters in a reproduclll.g 

run, but was never buil.t. Some of the planned features were incorporated into 

the NC--4 MARK II (AFSAF 42). 

CONFIDENTIAL 
QQNF!BIN'HAU 

NC MACHINES (Cont'd) 

Both the NC-10 and NC-ll (CXNG and Cll'NH) were unimportant IBM rental 

equipments. The .former was a special typewriter and tape device with special 

keyboards. The latter was a manual or card operated typewriter and involved 

special alphabets. 

The NC-12 (CXNJ) ~s a modified COILATOR with no other name than SPECIAL 

ALPHABETIC COLLATING DEVICE. It was more versatile than the NC-.3 SINar.ES 

ELIMINATOR which it replaced. There were plans tor a specialized model or the 

NC....12 to permit proportional controls the job then being done by the NC-7 

PERCENTAGE SELECTOR. 

The NC-l.3 was a MICROFILM PUNCH (CXNW, FILM-CARD CONVERTER} consisting of a 

camera and .f'il.m ha.p.dling unit, an optical cabinet and a special high speed 513 

REPRODUCER PUNCH. It was developed by International Business Machines Corporation 

to convert IBM cards to and from 35mm. microf'ilm for ease in storage or shipping. 

The machine was used in .four ways: As the usual card-tq_ecard transfer, for cardto-tilm or film-to-card conversion9 and .for verifying a developed film against 

its source deck. A standard bottle-plug selected which of these !unctions it 

would perform. '!'he optical cabinet mounted on the end or a ;13 and measured 

4.'H x 2'L x 2•D. A camera l'H x l•L x l'D mounted atop the REPRODUCER. One 

trame(•.picture of an IBM card) extended 3 sprocket holes, or 9/16•). The 

one model has been returned. 

References: 

e Machine Branch Amlual Report 1947 

Mr. G. Kier 

Kr. J. Stapleton 

Mr. F. Fordham 

+ S9NFIBBNf.!Aft 

CONFIDENTIAL 
.~ 

~.]Jl~~B CONl· IUl!:tl"i 11AL 

September 1954 

PALLY 

PALLY is a loosely used term,, originally applied to a sub-project 

(352-7210_,, formerly 351-433) started in 1951 to develop and produce PALLY 

(AFSAF D97, PLPM,, PLAIN LANGUAGE PROCESSING MACHINE, PLAIN TEXT PROCESSING 

MACHINE) which would read cJ:iadless tape, and edit, categorize and convert 

the data to page copy as separate messages. The name has also been used by 

some to describe various resulting units, both interim. and ultimate. Due 

to this and the fact that study tasks are also designated by the term, a new 

term NELLIE has been chosen to designate the final equipment. Its purpose 

is to mechanize the processing of NSA9S vast volume of :intercepted plain 

text a 

Two major functions are required, - format control and categorization. 

The first is accomplished by recognizing message endings such as time-andsignature groups and accordingly spacing the print output into separate 

meesagesa The second is done by recognizing any of a list of words, etc. 

in text and indicating by a two-digit number which categories of words 

were found. The problem was at first divided into POLICEMAN, a study task; 

DEADEYE, a task to develop input devices; MIDWAY,\) a task to develop a comparing 

and categorizing unit; and IMAGE, a task to develop the storage and output 

systemo 

or the many tape readers considered as input, the following should be 

mentioned. The first, called CHADLESS TAPE READER (at one time called 

.A.FSAF D9?/l, PALLY READER), was a loca.l.ly built photopneuma.tic device using 

.. 

.. • 11 :c ±v .. .,.J'i.L2t .. • 

CONFIDENTIAL 
eONFiBEIN'fi:A'.& 

PALLY (Contud) 

REF ID:A60998 

CONFiDENTiAL 

forced air to lift the chads and scan the tape with photoelectric cells. At 

about the same time 11 a chad shearing device called LAWNMOWER (no AFSAF number) 

was built by NSA-3511 to operate with some PALLY READER to form a CHADLF.SS TAPE 

READER. It ground off the cha.de as a preliminary step to photoelectric reading. 

The former device was dismantled and the latter was stored in rawr of an 

experimental CHADI.ESS TAPE READER (AFSAF D63) developed by Teletype Corporation, 

potentially able to read 5 to 7 level chadl.ess tape mechanically at a speed 

up to 100 characters per second. Parts to build 29 of these experimental 

readers have been a.cquired and are being completed by NSA-35. 

Format control was experimental~ tested by the oddly title PLAIN TEXT 

RELAY ANALOG (Task 352-419=50~22) » constl"11cted locally in September 1951. 

It successfully recognized time-and=signature gt"OUps and inserted spacing 

between messages accordingly. This device "Was prototype to a pair of interim 

devices lmown as CHUMMY (AFSAF D97A) for operation wi.th CXCO LETTERWRITER and 

teletype equipment respectively. They were built b;v NSA=35s the first being 

delivered in December 19529 and could recognize a maximum or 8 code groups, 

each 5 to 8 characters longo They were mounted in a typist table and teletype 

stand and measur-ed 3 1H x 21L x 2'D9 with reader a.~d appropriate writer set on 

top. Speed was 6 to 8 characters per secondo They wel"e stored after a short 

experimental. operation peri.odo 

BUDDY (AFSAF D97/l) is a somewhat expanded electronic version of CHUMMY, 

built by NSA-35 for further testing and intended for use in the final equipment. 

A contract for 6 operational models with relay storage has been let to Ultrasonic 

Corporation of Cambridge 9 Ma.ssachustetts.P with delivery of the first scheduled 

for Febr-ll,a.ry 1955. 

-2~ 

CONFIDENTIAL 
ee:NPIBEN'ffflt 

PALLY (Cont'd) 

REF ID:A60998 

CONFIDENTIAL 

PATRICIA (AFSAF D97/2), the PALLY recognition and categS'~ing unit, is a 

storage system and its associated comparison circuitry. It will store the list 

of words being sought together with respective category designation in readiness 

for comparison with the data being read. At a coincidence, PATRICIA will set up 

in a buffer output storage an :indication of the category :invo1ved and this will 

be recorded on the output deviceo Number and size of words and of categories 

are still under study, so details are not known. One proposal would provide 

about 2000 groups of 10 characters each,stored on a locally built magnetic 

drum. As currently planned, a BUDDY and PATRICIA operating together will 

constitute the final PALLY equipment lmown as NEIJ:.IE. 

The original BUDDY relay prototype used a regeneration typew.cl.ter for 

out put requiring no storage. A test device (no AFSAF number) using Lake 

relays for storage and translation was built and tested. It proved less 

satisfactory than the magnetic binary toroid storage developed for use in the 

final operational model. Either 407 TABULATOR or an Anderson~Nicho1s SINCRQ... 

PRINTER (AFSAF 44B, ALPHA-NUMERIC PRINTER), with printing rates of 300 and 600 

characters per second respectively, will probably be used with the final model. 

As newer printers appear on the market, they will also be considered. 

In the !ina1 model of NEU.IE, the BUDDY unit measures less than 51H x 5'1L x 

3'DJ PATRICIA will be a bit larger. The size of a CHUMMY was a tape reader 

and a printing unit (teletype or CXCO regeneration typewriter) set. on a typing 

stand .3 'H x 2 1L x 21D into which re1ays and circuitry were installed. 

CONFIDENTIAL 
88NP:EBI!lN'fHL 

PALLY {Cont'd) 

Either the 100 character per second speed of the Teletype Corporation 

~ mechanical reader {AFSAF D63) or the 200 character speed of the Ferranti 

reader is the limiting speed, since PATRICIA is designed for 500 

characters and the 407 TABULATOR and SYNCROPRINT.ER operates at 300 and 600 

characters respectively-. 

References: 

T/CA 3/53 Report Mr. R. Bronder ... W. Cole 

Mr. E. Coyle Mr. E. Fleming 

Mr. J. May 

Mr. K. Polley 

Mr. J. Russell 

CONFIDENTIAL 
September 1954 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL86-36/50 USC 3605 

PEELER (AFSAF Dl0911 erroneouslf called. HATOJIET) is a relay key 

stripper and crib-testerl . !Two such were built11 

the first by NSA-22 in 1952; the second11 a variation of the fil"st 11 was 

built by NSA 35, also in 1952. 

The first model stores exactly 20 letters ot crib set up on plugboard,, 

,__ _________________ ..... lor vice versa. Input is two 

cipher tapes on a TDY doub1e headed reader and outpu.t of possibl.e plain 

is to a CXCO regeneration t11J8writer. The second, slightly more £lexible 11 

is abl.e to recycle a crib ot less than 20 letters. Each tests the two 

messages flush, but offset testing can be done by manual ot.:f'setting ~£ :apes. 

Both are desk-side strippers aids, mei..suring l.'H x '2•L x l'D plus• 

CXCO reader and regen•ration typewriter. Rate is 6 to 8 characters per 

second. They are in use at Arlington Hall Station in room B-~00. 

References: 

Hr. o. Algren Mr. G. Lockhart 

CONFIDENTIAL 
eeHP!B!llft& 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

cdNFffi~¥fAL POL?GBAPHIC COIHCIJBCB COUHTll 

Sept;e.mber J. 954 

PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

• 

~e POLYG!tAPHIC COINCIDlmOE COUNDR (illtQ/~, POI.GRAPHIC CODIOIDJ!NOE OOUNTER 

MD ALPHABET llIXBll, PCCWI) _. a relai1' cojJiaiclm.oe •-WI' tar{ J 

I ~ one model, never used operational 17, was COJ1plet.ed bJ' Army in April 1946 tor use 

on the PIBK probl•. rt is interesting to note that the Germns built a somewhat parallel de'Yice called the POLmlW'HIC COIHOIDJ!XCE GRAPHER. 

rt consisted ot two telet7P9 tape readers, fiTe •chanical counters and a 

permutation box tor Sl or 120 conversion. In a t1Pical probl•~ 

I Bate ot apeed waa 6 characters per aecond. • ...___~~~~~~~~~~~~~---' 

the penm.tation box. maaur.ed about l'R z l't. z l'D-• rt baa been diamantled. 

O'Oll.pletion Report, Project l+-3707 

x.. r. 1rqo1 

CONFIDENTIAL 
REF ID:A60998 

TOP SECRET FROTH 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL.86-36/50 USC 3605 

September 1954 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

PL86-36/50 USC 3605 

RICKY 

RICKY (XED) was a relay analog for the .... l _____ .... lcipher ma.chineg and 

wa.s used for rapid decryption of PINK traffico Navy built three in 1945J> 

quite similar to the pair of PINK ANALOGS built by Army shortly thereartero 

'mle device faithfully simulated the original cipher device and served 

to mechanized the\decryption process» once all enciphering variables were 

knowno Input was by\tape and output was to a CXCO regeneration typewritero 

Both coordinates in the l .... ________ ....... rre pluggable» as were also the 

wheel pa.tternso 

Size was 4'H x 61L x 41D plus tape reader and typewriter and rate was 

6 to 8 chat"acters per secondo Al1 three have been dismantJ.edo 

Ref'erencesg 

Technical Library 

Dr o Ho Campaigne 

TOP SECRET FROTH 
REF ID:A60998 

CONFiDENTiAL 

September 1954 

SCOOTER 

SCOOTER (AFSAF Dl28) is a reJ.ay desk-aid key stripping and handtesting. 

It was built by NSA-35 and is now being tested before delivery to NSA-71. 

In use, from 4 to 40 digits of key (10 tetragraphs or S pentagraphs) 

are inserted in relay storage nemory A by means or a special keyboard. A. 

'· 

4 or 5 digit group is inserted in memoey B and added to or subtracted from 

key in memory A. A 10 x 10 matrix performs the arithmetic,, non-carrying, 

mod 10. :Matching is possible only in 4 or 5 digit phases. Results are 

printed out on a quiet adding machine type printer. Dits may be indicated 

or entire group printed in red. The device can also subtract or add a 

stream of digits entered by keyboard. 

Dimensions are less than 2'H x 21L x 21D plus keyboard and printer and 

rate is 3 lines per second. It will be used at Arlington Hall Station. 

Reference: 

Mr. N. Christopher 

90NP:E91!JNHA£ 

CONFIDENTIAL 
REF ID:A60998 

COI\fFiDENTiAL 

September 1954 

SILENT SUZIE 

SILENT SUZIE was u./AR relay gate used with a 405 TABULATOR to do 

cribdrrtgging on Jap Arfr.r$' trattic. It n.s buil.t by Arrq in abaa.t 1944. 

SUP.ER SUZIE,, bulilt in 1945,, was a later model usi.Dg two such gates to 

pro'ride larg~r capacity. 'fhe ter.n 'I'll.& also applied. t!; the patterned 

ari'bdraggi.Iag technique,, used 1111r.inly for cipher sqmr.re recover,.. 

The device used a crib reduced to idiomm-phic pattern and compared 

resulting key patterllla (usually Xt001.-UD:ique) against the pattern ot 1mam 

key. Cipher text was read from cards and 11.mits.tio:ns ot the CUJ,"rellt 10 x 10 

. OOi!.~l&tm-type encipheril!g sqμare were 11~"b on -. pl.ug'tioud. A spm. a~ 10 

positions Wll.S matched at eai::h comparison. This us l.i!:ter ~ed to 40 

positions in SUPERSUZIE. The a:lm was to l.oaate a s~qu.ence of' key used 

to encipher " given message or lmO'm pl.a.in code • 

.An AR gate Dte&w.re1111 2'li x 2'L x 2'D. Used with a TABULATOR, the device 

processed 150 cards & minute 1 produciDg a:bout 700 ·to 1000 Campm"iB1'ili.8 a 

The;y were modif'ied rental. equipnent am. have been disccmtinued and retm'ned 

to International Bu.s:Lm.e1111 11.achine Corporation. 

Ref'erence11: .... Mr. A. Highley 

Mr. J. Powers 

CONFIDENTIAL 
REF ID: A6'()998 SECRET September 1954 

TAPE COMPARATORS 

The term TAPE COMPARATOR is a general term,, though used at times as a 

specific titleo It designates equipments which compare or combine tapes of 

any sort3 including those ma.chines whose sole function is to transfer data 

in unaltered or at most mono-enciphered form plus some card and keyboard 

operated equipments and a few computational devices with minor additional 

functionso Typically9 the tape referred to is the ll/1611 teletype tapes or 

the 7/811 CXCO LETTER.WRITER tape, knownas punched paper tapeo others, such 

as 70mm paper tape (2 3/4 inches wide) a.11.d any of the various magnetic tapes, 

may also be considered in this categoryo The following tape comparators are 

described elsewhere under their own title: CONNIE, DECIMATOR9 DELLA, GOLDBERG, 

IDA, JOHN, LDM, MATTHEW, ROBIN, VIVIAN and the 70mm. COMPARA'l'ORo Many substitution and deciphering devices cou,ld also be included under this term. 

Equipments not handled separately are described here under one or the 

.four following families: (a) COMPARATOR (b) COMBINER (c) VERIFIER or 

(d) PATTERNIZERo The ambiguities obvious in these caption.~ will be removed.11 

it is hoped, by the definitions and descriptions which follow: 

(a) TAPE COMPARATOR or TAPE COMPARER refers loosely to a family of 

devices for matching tapes in search of certain properties such as baud, 

character or group repetitions with the text in explicit or in pattem formo 

No single unique term exists to designate this most important class 9 since 

TAPE COMPARATOR may properly if ambiguously refer to all four families, or 

to only this first, or to the third family alternately known as VERIFIERSo 

Typically, data is read in from two tapes and indication is given in some 

manner when a required similarity or dissimilarity is f'oundo CONNIE or 

ROBIN is a clear exam.plea 

SECRET 
EO 3.3(h)(2) 

TAPE COMPARATORS (Cont'd) PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

Section GAS-74 of Army, under project 4-3721 built a device in September 

1947 for the PINK problem known only as TAPE COMPARATOR and often con.fused 

with CONNIE I.11 which original:cy was named only 'l'ELETYPE TAPE COMPARATOR 

(MoA.Co Outline Number 56)0 It was a double-headed tape reader with the 

Christmas tree (relay translator) unit/ replaced by a resistor network under 

control of feeler-pin contacts. The/device combined pairs of characters .from 

2 tapes.11 baud by baud with like signs canceling. Output through an external 

Christmas tree was typed out in usual Baudot equivalents on a CXCO regeneration 

typewritero Rate was 6 to 8 characters per second and size was negligibleo It 

has been dismantledo 

A pair or TAPE COMPARATORS (no AFSAF number) 9 completely sil"JciJar in principle, have been built by NSA-350 One is in use in room 2315-A and the other 

in 2050-Bo Each contains /5 counters and a settable threshold control mechanismo 

Speed is 6 to 8 characte.rs per secondo 

Navy dropped plans/ in August 1944 for OPHIDIA, a general purpose photoelectric double-tape comparator which was to match data punched into 70mm. 

polystyrene tapes.11 doing weighting and sUJIDidhg in a manner similar to the 

________ .... t.AJ.so canceled at about the same time were plans for 

SERPENT.11 a generalized OPHIDIAo 

In 1947 Navy also built a novel but nameless comparator9 essentially a 

double-headed reader which stopped when character coincidence occurred and marked 

the locat,ion on the tape. A COLOR OONTROL REGEN was built consisting of a 

double-headed reader and regeneration typewriter9 arranged to print out either 

tape with coincidences in red and non-coincidences in black. 

SECRET 6Ei8Ri!i'i' 
• 

REF 

TAPE COMPARATORS (Cont'd) 

(b) '?he TAPE COMBINER family includes any TAPE DIFFERENCER, KEY COMBINER, 

KEY STRIPPER or DECIPHERER where key is supplied by tape or where two tapes are 

combined to produce a thirdo This may be done by characters or bauds according 

to some particular rule of addition, differencing or arbitrary substitution. 

Usual.ly, two values produce a single result o MATTHEW or a:n:y deciphering device 

using key tapes is an example. 

In October 1945 and January 1946, Navy built a pair called MOD 2 DEVICE or 

MOD 2 ADDITIVE MACHINE flexible enough to combine characters by bauds, with the 

7 levels interchangeable by plugboard control. They are used to take a difference between 2 tapes or a deJ.ta of text, for which an additiona1 counting 

function is added. Size in negligible and rate is 6 to S characters per second. 

They are in use at Navel Security Station in room 4152. 

A pair of equipments was built by Aru.ry in l94S, also for 7-levela and each 

was called MOD 2 DEVICE. Visual binary counters fumished totals of plusses and 

minuses for each level. Selection or levels to be matched as well as the rule 

of addition or combination to be followed were plugboard. controlled. 

Four C-XCO TAPE COMBINERS were built by Apny, one in October and December 

1947 and a pair in May 1948. Ea.ch used a doubl.ed~headed CXCO readera a plugboarc 

for selecting elements to be combined9 switches to eliminate levels and a bank 

of relays to combine baud levelso ·Output was to a CXCO regeneration typewriter 

of tape punch .. 

-.3-

SECRET 
FORM 781-ClOC 

6 JUL 51 

EO 3.3(h)(2) 

TAPE COMPARATORS (Cont'd) PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

Dr .. Martin Joos of Arrq designed.and built or supervised the building of 

several equiJ;8llents falling in this/category, some of which are: ADDITIVE 

DECIPHERER,! lnECIPHERER, CLA DECIPHERER, and the S\iISS PAGECOLUMN-LINE DECIPHERER. No records and data are available on them except that 

they were tape operated and resembled the JMA DECIPHERING MACHINE in operation, 

All were quite small and in~pensive,. with obvious functions .. 

F Branch of Army built a pair of the HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCER in June 1946 

(project 4-3712). These used 14 relays to difference adjacent punches in 5 

level tape, punching a new tape of the resulting delta pattem. Size was 

l 1H x 21L x 21D and rate was 6 to 8 characters per second. The CXCO DELTA 

COUNTER (see M.A.C., Outlines Number 46), was also Army-built and did the same 

job, adding a counting function., 

(c) The TAPE VERIFIER family,al.so called TAPE CHECKER or COMPARER, is not 

truly analytic, serving only to check accuracy of data in tape by matching two 

typings of text and indicating any disagreement., Though numerous, they are 

unimportant to analysts except for the accuracy factor. Many of them never 

acquired a name and left no clear record. 

Under project 6-5701, Army section GAS...76 built a TAPE VERIFIER (M.A.C. 

Outline Number 5S) in September 1947 to do the usual checking job for two ·tapes 

or a tape and a retyping, showing errors by a lighted lamp. The end product 

was a new tape, punched at 6 to 8 characters per second. 

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SECRET 
TAPE COMPARATORS (Cont 1d) 

A TAPE PUNCH VERIFIER (AFSAF D67) was built by NSA-35 in 1951 for ATLAS and 

DEMON tapess as was also a 25-POSITION DEMON PUNCH CHECK {AFSAF 77/lO)D both for 

very specialized purposes. CENSOR (AFSAF D?0/10) is for ATLAS and DEMON tape too.11 

and checks accuracy of the insert-and-check=address sequences of characters.11 

which are 6th and 7th level punches. It is a CXCO equipment and operates at 

60 to 100 characters per second. .. 

-;"''J. 

A pair of devices, called simply TAPE CHECKERS» was built in 1951 to match 

characters read in by a double-headed CXCO readers stopping when a difference 

in text is .found. I.t operates at &J to 70 characters per second. A pair o.f' 

AFSAF 25 photoelectric tape readers has been set up with common drive to check 

a tape or pair of tapes by counting total punches. This arrangement acquired 

no name or designation. 

The PRE-PUNCH VERIFIER was built by NSA-35 in 1952 to assure accuracy of 

5=level. tape punch.jng. It stored in relays 50 characters typed on a keyboard, 

and matched these against a retyping, the keyboard locking at an error. A hand 

correction permitted the typing to continue. The 50 characters were then punched 

into tape automatically at 10 strokes per second. 

(d) The term PATTEHNIZER refers to a fa.miJ.y of machines which is clearly 

named and f'unctionally defined by the name. Reduction to pattern may consist 

of sorting characters into classes such as into vowels and consonants or into .. odd and even parity. It may also be based character idiomorph or repetitions 

with or without regards to positional value in text or in the alphabet. The 

patternizing may apply to bauds, to characters or to groups of' characters. 

AYE=AIE and MILLIE are good examples. 

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FORM 781-C10C 

6 JUL 51 SECRET 
.. 

FORM 781-ClOC 

6 JUL 51 

TAPE COMPARATORS (Cont'd) 

Navy built a TAPE PATTERNIZER (XFN) in 1949 of no great importanceo 

Reduction to parity in this manner is often accomplished by plugboard in standard 

CXCO LETTERWRITER equipment. The biggest need in this whole field of TAPE 

COMPARATORS is adequate nomenclature. For this reasons in spite of extensive 

research, it is possible that some of the above titles may be synonymous. 

References: 

CIT Paper Noo 64 

CSA Model and '.Dype Designation List 

MAC Outlines No. 46 and 5$ 

Mr. o. Algren 

Mr. No Christopher 

Mro J. Powers 

Mr. Jo Russell 

Mro J. Stapleton 

SECRET 
REF ID:A60998 

September 1954 

TAPE-TO-CARD REPRODUCER 

The TAPE-TO-CARD REPRODUCER (AFSAF lll) is a relay device using 

a double-headed tape reader and a 519 REPRODUCER to transfer text from 

tape to card one character at a time and to take a delta statistic in 

the processo Two such devices were built by Arru:rs section WDGAS-92, 

in 1948. 

Transfer of information to cards is done in usual fashions but 

relays are used to take a delta count (ratio of change to no change) 

by baud levels between two tapes of between characters in one of the 

tapeso Results are punched into the new cards along with the text 

being shifted (offset}, one new character per cardo 

The device measures 21H x 3 1L x 3'0, has a tabletop to support 

the double-head tape reader and attaches to a 519 REPRODUCERo Rate is 

100 cards per minuteo One was dismantleo The other is available at 

Arlington Hall Station in room 1700-A but is little used because, in 

effect, the TAPE INDEXER supercedes ito 

Reference: 

Mro S. ~orne 
September 1954 

TRANSPOSITION DECIPHERMENT DEVICE 

The TRANSPOSITION DECIPHERMENT DEVICE (AXEB/l) was a standard 040 

TAPE-TO-CARD PUNCH, modified to control transfer of text to cards, 

breaking it into prescribed column lengthso Section WDGAS-92 of Army 

made the modification in 1949a 

Using 3 relays and 2 stepping switches controlled by plugboard9 

the device counted the mml:er of characters being inserted into a card 

interrupted punching after a specified number of characters, enjected 

the card and repeated the process as often as neededo This could be 

repeated for a double transpositiono The process 9 which usually ended 

with a sort and print, was used success~ to test key or text on 

various widths for periodicityo A keyboard could also be used to 

insert the texta 

Rate of operation was about 500 characters a minuteo Size was 

3 1H x 4 1L x 3 1Do It has been dismantledo 

References: 

FORM 781-C10C 

6 JUL 51 

Machine Branch Annual Report 1949 

Mro So Thome 

SECRET 

• 
REF ID:A60998 

September 1954 

702 EDPM 

The 702 EDPM (ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING MACHINE, TPM,, TAPE 

PROCESSING M'.ACHINE) is an electronic computer with design emphasis 

on mass data handling, similar in many respects to NOMAD., It is 

being developed by International Business Ma.chine Corporation to 

be offered for rental, perhaps as early as May 19550 The major 

features of the machine are its very large volume input and output, 

especiaJJ.y suited to sorting, collating and similar processes. 

A 10,000 character electrostatic memory is the principle storage 

and consists of cathode ray tubes having cycle time of 23 microseconds 

and an access time of 8 microseconds per character. There are two 

accumlator registers each with a 512 character capacityo As many as 

30 magnetic drums are also available, each having 300 addressed locations 

holding 200 characters per location, or a total of l.S million 

characters. Reading rate is 40 microseconds per character. Up to 

100 magnetic tape reels (lOi" diameter, 2400 6 long, each ho1d.ing the 

contents of 25,000 IBM cards) serve as another type memory~ or as 

• 

input-outputo Such tape is read at a rate or 67 microseconds per 

character using a pulse rate or 15 KC. Reverse speed is 500 inches 

per second. The units may be combined independently in any desired 

way, permitting simultaneously operation in many instances 

All computation is done serially in the ALU (the arithimetic and 

logical unit) and stored in memory. Data is coded decimally and converted 

automatically to binary for intemal. use. There are 36 orders available 

and a one-address system is used. The machine automatically accommodates 
REF ID:A60998 

702 EDPM (Cont'd) 

.. '" 

its operation to variable word length, the 5ll usable positions of 

~ accumulator storage being the factor setting the upper limita Programming, 

which is fairly simple, makes plugboards unnecessary. Several automatic 

checking features on the accuracy of ma.chine operation and computation have 

been provided. 

Punched cards, punched tape, mgnetic tape, typewriter or line printer 

may be used for input and output. As many as 100 card readers, 100 tape 

units, 100 card punches, 100 type 407 TABULATORS and 30 drums may be useda 

Peripheral conversion equipment makes all these readily interchangeable. 

Cards are read at 250 per minute and punched at 100 per minute. Basic pulse 

rate is 15 KC a Physical size will be large. It will probably be the first 

mchine with high-speed large voltage input and output (a 400 line per minute 

wire printer is being developed for the equipment}. It should be faster at 

look-up, etc. than the computers, but the MAYBE equipment and others computer 

auxiliaries will change the picture. 

Reference: 

IBM Manual6 702 ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING MACHINE 

Mr. J. Hyduke 

Mr. J. McPherson 

Mr. J. Powers 

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