"' 

MEMO ROUTING SLIP 

1 llAME OR TITU!: ..s INITIALS 

OR&ANIZATION AND LOCATION DATE 

2 

3 

4 

DD 1 ~l,"ao 9 4 REPLACES NllE FDRM 1e. 1 FEB•· wHICK MAY BE usm. 

CIRCULATE 

COORDINATION 

NECESSARY 

ACTION 

NOTE AND 

RETURN 

SEE ME 

SIGllATURE 
. . , ~-·~ 'f0P SEeRS! 

GENERAL 

PLAIN TEXT RADIATION STUDY OF TSF£/KL-7 

(AFSAM 7) 

UKUSA-344 

The TS'FJJ/KL-7 is a literal cipher machine desi~ed for ort-line · 

use. It can encipher or decipher at a117 speed up to 60 word.a per mlnute 

and can be operated b7 either kqboard or punched tape input. The 

enciphered and deciphered text ia printed on gunned paper t.ape. 

The print wheel on the TSF£/KL-7 rotates continouaJ.7, therefore 

it emplo7a the "print-on-the ~n method. The print hanmer is actiftted 

by. the print- uagnet. The objective •of this anal.7ais was to dtrtel'ialm 

what intormtion could ba obtained from. the radiated signal trmn the 

print magnet. Mr. Collins, &311, has indicated that the print-nagmt 

signal is ·detectable approximatel7 25 feet from the eq_uipnent_ Pn• 

this a.na178is the signal was picked up from a direct connection to the 

print nagnet. 

The print wheel is directq comected to t.he motor and ~ 

variation in motor speed causes a corresponding change in the speed of 

the print wheel. A saconcl objective was to detend.ne the variation 1n 

the mt.or speed tor a g1 ven maaap, the pr.lm1'7' cause of this var!Ation, 

and how the shunt vound motor, nov used on TSEC/KL-7, compared with a 

goftl'Decl motor 1n respect \o tbeae teaturea. 

ANALYSIS 

Tape input was emplo1'14 tor t.he anal.78is. 'nw information to be 

anabsecl (plain-text) was punched on tape and•t.bi• tape w11 enciphered 

through tbe •chine, printing the cipher text. on gmaed paper tape. 

LIBRAR!' NO• s-60,081 

TIP ILGllEl CO i 1ROL NUltl£1 fKA/;f ilf7 

COPY ~ O~ ~COP §IE«2'.£?~ ?QMu 
UKUSA-3"4 

l'QP 8E9m' 

Thia cipher text was then used to ~nch a second tape which was 

deciphered through the •chine. It is during this deciphering operation 

that plain-text· radiation from the print magnet is present;. This plaintext signal, along with a one kc (ld.locJ'Cle) sine wave, was filmed 

from a dual beam scope. The number of CJClea or the one kc signal was 

counted, determining the time intenal between consecutive print-outs. 

For the initial anal.ysis a tJPical militar;y message of apprmdately 

70 characters was filmed. The interval.a between print-out were recorded, 

Figure I. The speed of the pridi wheel, gi"lm in the mintenance manual 

tor TSFJJ/~7, is 2200 rpn. The ti.M per re'VOlution ot the print wheel 

is 2:7 .27 ms (milliseconds) • Since there are 38 characters on the 

peripher;y of the print wheel, o. 7177 ms are required tor each character 

to pass the print hanmer. 

The interval readings were reduced modulo 27.~, the time for one 

revolution, learlng a residua which is the number of millisecond.a past 

the previous character printed. These tim inte1"9&la were converted 

to the corresponding number of characters by dividing by 0.7177. At 

this point,, giTeD the print...wheel sequence (Figure 3) and the first 

character or the masage, theoretical.17 the entire maaage could be 

read without &fl7 difticult7; but. because of variation in the speed ot 

the print wheel, the nUllbel' of characters from the film residue ft17 

from the actml number aa given 'bJ' the •aaage. 

Mrs. Esther Cox, NSA-314, analy'zed this data b7 assupd.ng -possible 

words and tl")'ing to tit them to the sequence ot residues. Alter sneral. 

UBRARrK0.560,,081 
" 

TOP SleRE'f 

hours ahe was unable to reconr a117 P>rt.ion of tbe me1Bage. Further 

atudJ' was made on this nasaage by comparing tbe calculated residue 

with the film rtsaidue; this waa done by subtracting the film residue 

from the calculated residue, Pigure I. (The calculated reaidue is 

determined by multi1>l7ing the ti• per character b7 the interval on 

the print wheal tor successive pairs of oharactera of the nasaage.) 

Thia difference showed an average bias of 2.163 ma, or approximtel.J' 

three characters. Whan this bias waa removed b7 adding - 2.163 ma 

to each film residue, Mrs. Cox was still unable to recOTer the plain 

text after three hours. In order to speed up the anal.7ais, because ot 

Mrs. Cox•a resignation, she was giTen three probable worda, one of 

vhich was contained in the message. In a abort, time she recovered the 

remairder of the ••sage. 

A second set of tilma was run to obtain intonation abouti the 

uriation in motor apeed. TNO different 111Dtora were used, tbe shat 

wound motor now used on the 'JEC/KL-7, and a governed motor. Two 

pairs ot films were run. that is, the aam.e mterial was deciphered. 

using each motor; these pairs were compared. The pairs were (1) 

deciphel"lll8nt of all spaces, am (2) decipherment of a message. Onr 

the operating range 21 to 31 volts the shunt wound 111Dtor speed ~ulcl 

vaey to the extent t:tat it caused the print wheel to be in an ill.proper 

position when the print hanlllar would strike, thus producing unclear or 

improper print-outs. The use ot a governed motor would be a solution 

to this problem, it it did not aer:louaq effect the aecurit7 of the 

LIBRABr NO ,s6o, 081 
'8P Sl!i9g! 

equipment, With this 1n mind further analysis was carried out, and 

ia included in the rema1ndw of this report. 

In the comparison ot the first pair of maaagea (all spaces) 

the objective was to determine 'l&riationa in motor apeed. The 

decipherment ot enciphered spaces was uaed so that the print wheel 

would make an integral number of rewlutiona between print-out.a; 

therefore the onl.7 ditterenc• in time between prints would be due to 

'Vl.riat.ion in motor speed. The ana17a1a of the shunt wund mot.or 

indicates the anrage time between print-outs is 185.2 ma, with a ranp 

from 182,0 ms. to 188.0 ma. Thia ia a Y&r:lation ot approx:l-.tel.7 

It 1/2 characters from the mean. The 185.2 ma. re:preaenta 7 

rewlutiona, or 26.46 ma per revolution, which gives an average 

print-wheel speed ot 2269 rpm, whereas the mintenance manual 

.. 

indicates 2200 rpn.. It at the beginning of a •asage several repetitiou 

of one character (aa7 apace) were enciphered; thia1wben deciphered, 

would be "Valuable :ln calculating the print-wheal speed, which wuld be 

,. muoh oloser approximation than the speed giYen 1n the mnual, t.hua 

1mproTing the analysis. 

Using the governed mtor the average time between print-out.a wa 

190.0 ma, with range trom 189.5 ma to 190.5 ma. Thia is a w.riation 

ot less than one character from the mean. Actuall.7 ihia var:tat1on 11117 

be le81 since part of it could be caused bJ' the tact. that it waa 

difficult to read the film more accuratelJ' than 0.5 ma. 

A aecord ••sage was filmed when the TS'tJJ/KL-7 waa operat.ed 'b,-

the ahunt would motor. 'l'he data is recorded in Figure 2. It my be 
observed. that t.he tirst 21 readings are either approxinatel.7 l.8S ma 

or approximatel.7 214 ma, indiQ&ting that the eame character had been 

deciphered, and the print wheel mde respectivel.J' 7 or 8 revolutions. 

( 188 ms corresponds approximatel.7 to 7 1"8V'olutions or the print wheel 

where the 2200 rpn speed g1 ven 'b7 the manual ia used.) These tirat 21 

readings ware averaged and the print-wheel speed waa calculated to be 

2239 rpn, resulting in 26.81 ms per revolution and 0.7053 ma per 

character. 

A.nal.yais of tM a 1111aaage was done bJ' M:lsa Tereaa Mimeau, ISA-314. 

The solution method was baaed on the theory that, it all the intervals 

between print-outl!! had been the true distance between plain letters, 

the plain text. could be recovered in the following way. 

Consider the print wheel in terms ot the location of its letters 

(Figure 3). Then, given the successive intervals (i11 12, 1

3

, •••••• in 

where n is the number or letters in the message) between printed 

characters, which ia the film residue in n\Ullber or characters in Figure 2, 

choose an arbitra1"7 location on the print wheel tor the logical tirat 

letter ot the message (say at position~. which is a "apace"). Derive 

the numerical sequence composed ot partial sums 111 11 + 121 

1i + 1

2 + 1

3

, ••••• , i

1 + i

2 + •••• + in (mod 38). Thia sequence will 

represent the locations, each varying b;y a constant, reflecting the 

diatance from the chosen first letter to the tl"lte one, on the print 

wheel, ot corresponding letters ot plain text. Convert. that sequence 

to the corresponding literal values from the known print wheel, lllixed 

alphabet. That stream becomes the "pseudo-plain text.• Lat that "plain" 

LIBRARY NO .g,o, 081 

lOP SlGRH CO :lllOL NUJllEI 117? £.1'- IJ'l7 

1FOIP' ~If F :::: WJ 
UKUSA-344 

be the first row ot a 111B.trix ,38 cells deep. !'.ach succeeding l"OW' 

will be a slide or one from the preceeding sequence, where the tint. -i"etter 

ot each row is assumed to have been one letter ba70nd that of the row 

above, tor all possible 38 first letter assumptions. In oiher wol'd.11 

each column becomes an inscription ot the print-wheel alphabet, beginning 

With the letter designated in row one and continuing c70licall.7 to row 

38. The row beginning with the aomot tirat letter will then contain 

the actual plain text, a1aundng that the original intftft\1 were exact, 

that ia there was no variation in speed of the print tdl1e\• 

In actual1t7, it was necessary to contend with a degl"f'o ot •rianoe 

which required •king up 1.he tull. matrix and sco.nning n.11 it .. rows for 

portions which were word.a, or resembled part-words. Once euoh a 

segment was located, attempt.a were •de to extend bori1c,,nt.al.11 the 

portion in both directions, b7 considering the ad.jac~nt columns aa 

posaiblJ' displaced a rw positions up or down, i.e. aurchlng tor 

good text, continuing in the rows near'b7. Frma previous analyaie it 

was found ttat a jump or tiw rowe wau possible, but several jmpe ot 

ti ve, or jumpa greater ttan fift appeared to be unreasonable. Sneral 

apparent poaaibilitiea ext.encf rd for a stretch but had to be discarded. 

when unreasonable •jumps" (errors in computed intervals) md.e continuance unteaaible. When the correct text was hit upon it could 

be extended the entire width ot the matrix without ha.Ting to jump 

too an;y rows between &llJ' two columns. ApproxlJlla.tel.7 30 hours were 

required to complete the entire analysis ot this message. 

LIBRARY R0..$60,081 

I ~r ~. t. c. Lb .RUL NOMlt.R ~ 6 ~ .. ,·v7'-,; :r fnJ2 COP tJ 1f0IfD §fg~~qr;_:_ fAGES 
UKUSA-.344 

'l6P 9Jii61U5' 

Figure 4 lists the date from a filmed m.es-.age where the gc>V"ernad 

motor was used on the TSEC/KL-7. Thia message was also analysed b.J' 

Miss Mimeau, ua:l ng the same method as previously indicated. An 

approximation tor the print-wheel speed was obtained from previous 

data, where the decipherment ot "all spaces" was filmed using thi• 

aame motor; the print-wheel speed was 2217rpm, or Z/.06 ma per 

revolution and 0.7122 ms per character. Notice in Figure 5 how close}T · 

the film residue and calculated residue agree. As a reault, when the 

first tew columns of the matrix were twritten out, it was obrl.oua which 

row contained the message. 

Since the variation was snail, it was onl7 necessaey to write out 

several rows above and below the row that theoreticaU,. contained tha 

massages. The complete anal.7sis tor this meaaage required two hours. 

Up to this point it has been determined that the •peed ot the 

governed motor is constant enough to enable eaa7 reading ot a maaeage, 

whereas the shunt wound motor has greater variation in speed, mld.Dg 

anal18ia more difficult. 

It was suspected that the variation in motor speed was a function 

ot the number of rotors that stepped. To ftrit,. this the •asap 

indicator was set up on the machine, ard each successive setting waa 

recorded; from this the motion tor eac:h decipherment w.a determinad, 

giving the number of rotors stepping tor each encipherment. Thia 

sequence of numbers was properl.7 ali'lfted with t\ie variations (calculated 

residue minus tillll residue, PiguN 2), and it 111&7 be obsened that there 

\a bi,gh correlation between the number ot rotors that step and the 

LIBRARY NO .$60, 081 

::liClll co:? '!Jlf st'- U~ 

TOP SBf:!tti·1~ ~AGES WJ 
UKUSA-.344 

'l'9F SBeRET 

print-wheel speed; that is, when the -.x:illllllll number of rotora step 

there is a large negative deviation from the mean in print-wheel apaad, 

and when the minimum. number ot rotors step t~e deviation from the mean 

speed ia positive. It rra7 be possible, with more precise recording and 

measuring devices, to get accurate information on tbe number ot rotors 

that step. 

For this al'Mll1'&is tape input •s us ed., thus mldng the ti• intervals 

between print-outs relatiTel.7 conatant1 ttat is, the print wheel would 

make 6 or 7 reTOlutions plus the distance it tad to go trom the preri.ous 

character printed to the next one to be printed. It kqboard operation 

were mnplo78Cf, t!J,e mm.bar ot revolutions ot the print wheel would 

T&l"J' a great deal, due to the irregularit7 in t1J>ing speed of tbe 

operation. Thia would cause the ftriation in print-wheel speed to ban 

more intluence, adding to the ditticult7 ot the anaqaia. 

CONCWSIOH 

The print rragnet on the TSm/KL-7 radiates a signal which is 

detectable approx:lmtel.7 25 feet trom the equipnent. During the 

deciphering operation the signal indicates the plldn text that ia beina 

printed on the gumned paper tape. Anal.vsis of this signal, recorded 

during decipherment, showed that the plain text could be recovered. 

When the shunt wouilcl motor was used on the equipment approxlmateq 30 

hours were required to recover the plain text; by hand methods. When 

a governed motor •a used onl.7 2 hours were required to recover 

plain text because of the regularit7 or the print-wheal speed • 

LIBRARY NO .,5601081 
Mr. Joseph Collins, .NSA-jll, iniicated that anilable through 

radiation, and detectable at the same distance aa the prlnt-m.gnet 

signal, is intonation that would enable us to determine the change 

in print..wheel speed between print-out a. With thia intonation 

a•il&ble the anaqaia would be in.vial. 

lt bas been determined ttat. there is a high correlation bet.Veen 

the number of rotor• stepping and the variation in the speed ot the 

print wheel. 

Mt:isaagea deciphered by keJboarcl input rather than punched tape, 

uaed in the pre'Yioua anal.7aia, would be moN difficult to anal.7se 

due to longer intervals between characters allowing more accumulated 

variation in the print-wheel speed. 

9 IQP SL6REI CO'HRO~~~EA llj'S'S'- 11.J? 

CO~Y i Of' = OP([; :;z:a 1fQP §JEe!{ 'l•F, '' ,-fAGEI 
qp~F~~----·· ., .... ll ~ID \LJi(LJG 

qiep BEORB'f ImOORDED DATA AND CALCULA.]lONS FROM FlLM OF DECIPHERED 

A 

MESSAGE. 'l'HE SHUNT WOUtJD f-K>TOR WAS USED ON THE !2;!U;J;l}!§iT • 

Text ot 

J!!aaage 

T 

H 

R 

B 

B 

p 

L 

A 

H 

g 

s 

s 

I 

G 

H 

T 

I 

D 

, 

L 

I 

I 

N 

G 

L 

0 

w 

0 

y 

E 

R 

B c D E 

Character Film Film Calculated 

Inter-•ala on Reading• Residue Residues 

Print .Wheel (ms) 

17 

7 

25 

36 

0 

29 

2 

.31 

30 

4 

18 

18 

11 

~ 

21 

16 

36 

31 

30 

21 

8 

:tS 

5 2.3 

30 

19 

35 

12 

33 

9 

37 

35 

4 

32 

11 

2 

201 .. 5 

174.5 

210.0 

19).0 

194.0 

188.0 

197.5 

192.0 

192.0 

172.5 

205.0 206.o·· 

178.5 

190.0 

185.5 

205.5 

195.0 

192.0 

191.0 

18.'.'h5 

199.0 

189.0 

199.0 

187.0 

192.0 

208.5 

169.0 

204.0 

193.0 

201.5 

170.0 

219.0 

175.0 

190.0 

201.5 

196.0 

Figure 1. 

(Continued on page 11) 

'ms} I (ms} 

10.8 12.4 

8.5 5.1 

16.3 18.2 

27.0 26.2 

0.3 0 

22.0 21.1 

3.8 1.5 26.o 22.6 

26.0 21.s 

6.5 2.9 

11.J 13.l 

12.3 1).1 

12.5 s.o 

24.0 19.7 

19.5 15.3 

11.8 11.7 

1.3 26.2 

26.0 22.6 

25.0 21.8 

17.5 15.3 

5.3 5.8 

23.0 20.4 

5.3 3.6 

21.0 16.8 

26.0 21.8 

14.8 13.s 

3.0 25.5 

10.3 s.7 

27.0 24.0 

7.8 6.6 

4.0 26.9 

25.3 25.5 

9.0 2.9 

24.0 23.3 

7.8 s.o 

2.3 1.5 

LIBRARY N0-560,081 

p 

Column E 

Minus 

,Colwm D 

- 1.6 

- 3.4 

1.9 

- o.s - 0.3 

- 0.9 - 2.3 -,_,. - 4.2 - 3.6- i.s 

o.s 

- 4.5 - 4.3 

- 4.2 - 0.1 

- 2.8 - 3.4 

- 3.2 - 2.2 

0.5 - 2.6 .. 1.7 

- 4.2 - 4.2 

- 1.0 - 5.2 - 1.6 

- 3.0 

- l ... .a .. 4.8 

0.2 

- 6.1 - 0.7 

0.2 

- o.s 

.. 

-
-.. ...... _ .., ........ 

TOP SBeftM' RECORDED DATA AND CALCUIATIONS Fll>M FILM OF DECIPHER!D 

MESSAGE. THE SHUNT WOUND MOTOR WAS USED ON THE JiRUIPMENT • 

A B C D E P 

Character 

Text ot Intervals on 

Message Print tlheel 

27 

B 34 

A 29 

y 31 

3) 

s Z1 

T 28 

0 25 

p 36 

36 

p 2 

R 9 

E 36 

s 18 

u 23 

M 19 

A 32 

B 9 

L 37 

y 23 

20 

Film Film 

Readings 

{ms) 

Resi4ue 

{ms) 

188.0 22.0 

195.0 1.3 

190.0 2~.o 

190.0 24.0 

1a3.o 17.0 

213.0 19.3 

188.0 22.0 

187.0 21.0 

194.0 0.3 

194.0 0.3 

198.0 4.3 

177.0 u.o 

194.0 0.3 

206.o 12.3 

184.5 18.5 

184.0 18.0 

193.0 27.0 

203.5 9.8 

195·5 1.8 

185.5 19.5 

Calculated 

Residues 

{ms) 

19.7 

24.8 

21.1 

22.6 

14.6 

19.7 

20.k 

18.2 

26.2 

26.2 

1.5 

6.6 

26.2 

13.l 

16.8 

13.8 

23.3 

Column B 

Minus 

Column 

- 2.3 - 4.2 - 2~9 

... 1.4 

- 2.1+ 

0.'4. - 1.6 

- 2.8 - 1.a - 1.8 

- 2.8 -..... - 1.8 

o.s 

- 1.7 - 4.2 - 3.7 - 3.2 - 2.2 

- 2.7 183.5 17·5 

6.6 

26.9 

16.8 

14.6 - 2.9 - i23 ., • Total 

Figure l. 

Motor speed aaaumed • 2200 rpa. 

zt.67 1118 per revolution ot print-wheel 

0.728 ms per character 

6 revolutions ot print wheel • 166 .o • 

7 revolutions ot print· wheel• 193·7 1118 ., 

8 revolutions ot print· wheel• 221.) u 

- 12J.J 

57 • - 2.163 ms average bias per letter of •saage. 

bias 

2.163 

0.728 

• 2.97 characters, average bias per letter ot message. 

16P MCREI CO l;RO~iBER It~ /b!l CUPV_./.2_0F COPIES PAGl~'O -J2:. ._.PAGES 

11 

LIBRARY r«>:S60,081 
1P6F~~~~~~ UKUSA-344 .. ... 9 

D....I ilA ~ .J.L 1-L .1..1...<!I 

ll'eP 8SGRB'l' RECORDED DATA AND CALCUIATIONS FR>M FILM OF DECIPHERED MESSAGE. 

THE SHUNT WOUND 11>TOR WAS USED ON THE ~UIPMENT1 

A B c D E F 0 H 

Film M Actual 

Film Fil.in Residue E Residue Column r Number 

Readings Residue (Number ot s (Number ot Minus of Rotors ;tg~erva.la {ms} ,'1lsJ_ Characters} s ghar1;cter1} "oJ.wnn 12 Ste1?12iDS 1 

A 

l m.o 26.4 37 G 0 l ' 2 188.0 O.la l E 0 -1 5 

3 188.5 0.9 l 0 -1 5 -

4 188.5 0.9 1 0 -1 5 

5 189.5 1.9 3 0 -3 5 

6 189.5 1.9 3 0 ... 3 6 

7 213.5 25.9 37 0 l ,. 

8 186.0 25.2 36 0 2 3 

9 187.0 26.2 37 0 1 5 

10 186.5 25.7 36 0 2 3 

11 213.0 25.4 .36 0 2 4 

12 185.5 24.7 35 0 3 ' l3 186.5 25.7 36 0 2 4 

14 188.0 0.4 l 0 -1 5 

15 188.5 0.9 1 0 -1 5 J.6 215.0 o.6 l 0 - 1 5 

17 186.o 25.2 36 0 2 ' 18 187.0 26.2 37 0 l 4 

19 187.5 26.7 0 0 0 4 

20 189.5 1.9 3 0 _, 6 

21 217.0 2.6 4 0 -4 5 22 l'f6.0 15.2 22 T 17 - 5 6 

23 19.3.0 5.4 8 H 7 -1 3 

24 205.5 17.9 25 E 23 -2 5 25 182.5 21.7 31 29 -2 6 

26 207.5 19.9 28 A 25 - 3 5 ~ 192.5 4.9 7 L 8 1 3 

28 186.5 25.7 36 L 0 2 4 

29 197-5 9.9 14 I 15 1 4 

30 187.5 26.7 38 E 31 -1 

.31 l'/5.5 14.7 21 s 18 -3 ~ 32 19'1.0 9.4 13 11 -2 5 

33 2rn.5 19.9 28 A 25 - 3 5 

34 177.0 16.2 23 R 24 l 4 

)5 188.0 0.4 1 g 36 - 3 6 

Figure 2• 

(Continued on page 1.3) LIBRARY NQ.C6o,081 

TOP $lGRE1 CONTROL N!,MBER lND((.1( 11-7 ~ COPY~~ Of ~ COPI Y.O * 1FOIJ:D ~Jt((!Afi 1!oF·(L,PAGES 
gpe1f¥ ~~tlW!f UKUSA-JU 

0 ID \LA ll \l. ~ 

~p 8EOR8'.f RECORDED DATA AND CALCUIATIONS FROM FILM or DECIPHERFD MESSAGBa 

THE SHUNT WOUND ?-l>TOR WAS USED ON THE mu1FMENT. 

A B c D E ' 0 H 

M 

Film E Actual 

Film Film Residue 5 Residue Column P Number 

Readings Residue (Number ot S (Number ot Minua ot Rotors 

Intervals 'ms} 'ms} Oharacters} A Oharacters} Column D SteDDimr: 

G 

E 

36 208 .. 0 20.4 29 29 0 I+ 

37 200.5 12.9 18 T 17 -1 5 

38 178.5 17.7 25 0 25 0 4 

39 186.o 25.2 36 34 -2 6 

40 198.5 10.9 15 R ll - I+ 6 

u 185.5 2&..7 35 E 36 l ' 42 200.0 12.4 18 F 19 l ,. 

43 ' 201.5 13.9 3) R 21 l 4 

44 198.0 10.4 15 A 14 -1 

&.5 179.0 18.2 26 I 23 -3 l 

&.6 202.0 1&..4 20 N 19 -1 5 

47 192.5 4.9 7 9 2 3 

48 182.5 ·21.7 31 F 28 -3 6 

49 202.5 u.9 21 R 21 0 4 

50 182.0 21.2 30 0 31 l 4 

51 205.0 17.4 25 M 27 2 4 

52 190.0 2.4 ' 7 4 ' 53- 182.5 21.7 31 D 30 -1 5 

54 200.0 12.4 18 E 17 - 1 5 

55 202.5 14.9 21 M 22 1 ,. 

56 183.0 22.2 32 A 32 0 5 

57 189.5 1.9 ' N 4 1 ,. 

58 187.0 26.2 '31 D l 2 ,. 

59 212.0 24.4 35 s 35 0 5 

60 195.5 7.9 11 11 0 6 

61 193.0 5.4 8 0 4 -4 6 

62 193·5 5.9 8 R 7 -1 5 

63 11s.5 17.7 25 27 2 4 

64 205.0 17.4 25 A 25 0 

65 192.0 4.4 6 c 7 1 " 5 

66 176.5 15.7 22 T 23 l 4 

67 209.5 21.7 31 I 31 0 6 

68 180.5 19.7 28 0 32 4 3 

69 202.0 l&..lt. 20 N 25 5 ' 70 185.5 24.7 35 s 36 l 6 

Figure 2. LIBRARY N0.560,081 

(Continued on page 14) 

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105 

.. ... 

RECORDED DATA AND CALCULATIONS FROM FILM OF DECIPHERED MESSAGB1 

THE SHUNT WOUND J.D1'0R WAS USED ON THE EQUIPMENT• 

B c D E F G H 

M 

Film E Actuai 

Film Film Residue s Residue ColUllDl F Number 

Reading a Residue (Number ot s (Number of Minus ot Rotors 

(msl (msl Characters l A 

G 

Characten2 Column D Steppig. 

E 

192.0 4.4 6 11 5 ' 188.5 0.9 l w 3 2 4 

201.5 1.3.9 20 H 21 1 5 

l'l'l ·5 16.7 24 I 24 0 6 

202.0 14.4 20 c 22 2 4 

208.0 20.4 29 H' 30 1 5 171.0 10.2 15 14 -1 

218.5 4.1 6 w 3 _, 

188.5 0.9 1 0 1 0 

191.0 3.4 5 u 8 

175.5 14.7 21 L 21 ' 0 

212.0 24.4 35 D 35 0 

192.5 4.9 7 8 l 

184.5 23.7 34 M 31 _, 

184.5 23.7 34 A "J2 - 2 

209.0 21.4 30 K 33 3 

179.5 18.7 Z1 E 27 0 206.o 18.4 26 29 3 

193.0 5.4 8 I 10 2 

190.5 2.9 4 T 'I 3 

173.0 12.2 17 21 4 

195.0 '/ .4 10 I 10 0 

202.5 14.9 21 M 21 0 

193.5 5.9 8 p 9 1 

189.5 1.9 ' 0 2 -1 

203.0 15.4 22 s 23 l 

185.0 24.2 34 s 38 4 

201.0 13.4 19 I 21 2 

l'/6.0 15.2 22 B 24 2 

211.5 23.9 34 L 37 3 197.5 9.9 14 E 14 0 

181.0 20.2 29 29 0 

180.0 19.2 27 F 28 -1 

196.0 8.2 12 0 14 2 

191.0 3.4 5 R 7 2 

Figure 2. 

(Continued. on page 15) LIBRARY N0&60,081 

1F9IF §~iflfi.:JRUL~~.wss-u'fJ "'Qf _£:-a~. ,,PAGES 
'\ • 

• 

'mP SBQRJS!P RECORDED DATA AND CALCUIATIONS FBOM FILM OF DF.cIPHERED MBSSAGB1 THE SHUNT WOUND K>'IDR WAS USED ON THE EQUIPMENT• 

A B c D B , 0 H 

M 

Film B Actual 

Film Film Residue s Residue Colt.ma F Rumber 

Readings Residue (Number ot s (Number ot Minus ot Rotors 

Intervals 'ul 'msl Characters} A Characters} Colum D Stepping 

G 

E 

106 205.0 17.4 25 ~ 2 

lfYI 200.5 12.9 18 T 17 -1 

108 192.0 4.4 6 H 7 1 

109 175·5 14.7 21 B 2.3 2 

110 204.0 16.4 2.3 29 6 

l11 198.5 10.9 15 K 20 5 112 174.0 ]J.2 19 0 22 .3 

113 218.0 ).6 5 R 7 2 

114 184.0 23.2 .3.3 E .36 .3 

115 195.0 7.4 10 A 16 6 

116 187·5 26.7 38 N 4 4 

117 18).0 22.2 .31 s .36 5 

118 192.0 4.4 6 11 5 

119 200.0 12.4 18 T 17 -1 

120 202.5 14.9 21 0 25 4 

121 181.5 '20.7 29 .34 5 122 204.0 16.4 2.3 H 24 1 

123 200.0 12.4 18 0 18 0 

124 180.0 19.2 27 L 29 2 

125 188.0 0.4 1 D .35 -4 

126 190.5 2.9 4 8 4 l~ 216.o 1.6 2 0 4 2 

128 176.5 15.7 22 F 21+ 2 

129 188.5 0.9 1 ., .38 -1 

130 194.0 6.4 9 10 1 

1.31 199.0 u.4 16 T 17 1 

132 192.5 4.9 7 fl 7 0 

1.33 201.5 1.3.9 20 E 23 .3 

134 178.5 17·7 25 29 4 

135 209.0 21.4 30 c .32 2 

1,36 193.0 5.4 8 0 10 2 

137 179.0 18.2 26 M ~ l 

138 187.5 26.7 .38 M .38 0 

1.39 200.0 12.4 18 I 17 -1 

uo 186.5 25.7 .36 I .37 ;I; 

93 Total bias 

Figure 2. 

(Continued on page 16) LIBRARY NO .g,C>, 081 

19P Sl 6RET CONTROL NUMBER~££- /,1¥ § 7 COPY ~ Of -~cop 'lf ([])PlE@J!R )F .U:.PAGEs ¥-" 
'f8P S!elmT Figure 2. (Continued from page 15) 

Motor speed calculated trom first 21 entries in column A • 2239 rpa 

26.81 118 per revolution of print-wheel 

0.7053 lllB per character 

6 revolutions of print· Wheel• 160.8 ms 

7 revolutions of print wheel • 187.6 118 

8 rewlutiona ot print wheel • 214.4 • 

J8 • o.664 character, anrage bias wr letter ot masaap. 

16 

- . 
. • I .. f//P 

Letter Location - 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 lA 15 16 17 18 

PrintWheel - Q PW 0 l - 2 9 :&: IR U 3 8 4 7 TI 

Sequence 

Letter Location 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ~ 28 29 30 31 32 3.3 .34 35 36 71 

Print Wheel 

Sequence Z K 5 6 X H A 0 S P H D M C L B J V -

Arbita17 Character Location tor Print Wheel Sequence. 

·10P HGREJ CONTROL llUMIEll f/P',lf-- ll'l-1 

COPY If OP If COP - -- PAGE1 '? 'oF:PAGEI 

LIBRARY NO ..,$60, 081 

17 

'fOP SEC:RE'f 
1f(f)fP~ W<fAD~~KuSA-344 "' .... ....... at b.J ~ 'LA l.L \l. J.J.....JJ 

ipap RGlm' RECORDED DATA AND CALCULATIONS FROM FILM OF DECIPHERED MESSAGI. 

THE GOVERNED MOTOR WAS USED ON THE 151UIPMENT. 

B c D B , 0 

M 

Film Fil.JI Calculated Print I Column D 

Readings Residue Residue Wheel s Minus 

Intervals 'ms} 'msl 'msl in~ervals s CoJ;umn g 

A 

G 

E 

l 198.5 9.1 l0.7 15 0 1.6 

2 174.0 n.6 11.4 16 0 - 0.2 

3 213.0 23.6 24.2 34 o.6 

4 191.5 2.1 1.4 2 p - 0.7 

5 196.o 6.6 6.4 9 R - 0.2 

6 184.5 22.1 22.1 31 0 0 

7 182.5 20.1 19·9 28 c - o.a 

8 200.0 10.6 l0.7 15 E 0.1 

9 189.5 0.1 0 9J E - 0.1 

10 204.5 14.l 15.0 21 D 0.9 

11 l'/5.0 12.6 12.8 18 I 0.2 

12 202.0 12.6 1~3-5 19 N - o.i 

l3 187.0 24.6 24.9 35 G O.J 

14 197.5 s.1 8.5 12 0.4 

15 185.0 22.6 22.1 31 M - O.$i 16 212.5 23.1 22.s 32 A -o.,. 17 179.0 16.6 16.4 23 I - 0.2 

18 203.0 1,3.6 13·5 19 N - 0.1 

19 192.5 3.1 2.8 I+ L - O.) 3) 184.0 21.6 21.4 30 A - 0.2 

21 19,3.0 3.6 2.8 4 N - 0.8 

22 190.5 1.1 0.7 1 D - 0.4 

23 195.0 5.6 5.7 8 0.1 

24 191.5 2.1 1.4 2 p - 0.7 

25 183.0 20.6 19.9 28 D - 0.7 ' 26 222.0 5.5 5.7 8 0.2 

27 181.0 18.6 17.8 25 A - 0.8 I 

28 195.0 5.6 5.7 8 L 0.1 I 

29 189.5 0.1 0 0 L - 0.1' 

30 192.5 3.1 3.6 5 0.5 

31 197.0 ·1.6 6.4 9 E - 1.2 

32 184.0 21.6 21.4 30 Q - 0.2 

33 197·5 s.1 7.8 11 u - o.~ 34 l.88.0 25.6 25.6 36 I 0 

35 211.0 21.6 21.4 30 p - 0.2 lQ~ Sl6HC1 CONTROL NUMBE.R N/W:-Jlf7 

Figure 4. COPV=:/J.:::JOF~op 

PAGE OF AGES 

(Continued on page 19) 

18 LIBRARY NO .S60, 081 

1F9P §JEEJffiIE1P 
--- 

----- -- -

':. . . qp~ ~l·~~w~USA-J44 "" ... .,. .il D.....I J....L.....11 "-A .il \..L. J....L.....11 

~Iii 81GRWI! RECORDED DATA AND CALCUIATIONS FROM FILM OF DECIPHERED MESSAGE. 

THE GOVERNED UOTOR WAS USED ON THE ~UIPMENT. 

A B c D E F G 

M 

Film Film Calculated Print E Column D 

Readings Residue Residue Wheel s Minus 

Intervals 'ms} 'ms} 'me) Intervals s Colwnn C 

A 

G 

E 

• 

36 183.5 21.1 20.7 29 M - 0.4 

37 201.0 11.6 11.4 16 E - 0.2 

38 177.0 14.6 14.2 20 N - 0.4 

39 208.0 18.6 18.5 26 'l' - 0.1 

40 204.0 14.6 15.0 21 0.4 

41 186.0 23.6 22.8 32 c - o.s 

42 184.0 21.6 21.4 30 H - 0.2 

43 179.0 16.6 16.4 23 E - 0.2 

44 206.0 16.6 16.4 23 c - 0.2 

45 181.0 18.6 18.5 26 K - 0.1 

46 210.0 20.6 19.2 Zl E - 1.4 

47 177-5 15.1 15.0 21 D - 0.1 , 48 194.5 5.1 5.7 8 o.6 

49 188.0 25.6 24.2 34 B - 1.4 

50 198.5 9.1 9.3 13 E 0.2 

51 203.0 1,3.6 13.5 19 F - 0.1 

52 199.0 9.6 10.0 14 0 0.1+ 

53 195.0 5.6 5.0 7 a - o.6 

54 188.0 25.6 25.6 36 B 0 

55 183.c 20.6 20.7 29 0.1 

56 186.5 24.1 23.5 33 L - o.6 

57 200.0 10.6 10.0 14 A - 0.6 

58 201.0 11.6 11.4 16 N - 0.2 

59 197.5 8.1 7.8 11 D - 0.3 

60 198.0 8.6 8.5 12 I - 0.1 

61 175.5 13.l 13.5 19 N 0.4 

62 215.5 26.l 24.9 35 G - 1.2 

63 l'l0.5 8.1 8.5 12 0.1+ 

64 214.5 25.1 24.2 34 B - 0.9 

65 168.0 5.6 5.7 8 0 0.1 

66 204.5 15.1 15.0 21 A - 0.1 

67 183.5 21.l 21.4 30 T 0.3 

68 197.0 7.6 7.1 10 s - 0.5 

-ll.3 Total ma bias 

Figure 4 ftlf' ''tet<f I CU"IRUL N$&Ek ff .r~-/11/-7 

~~~.f w{f--~f--fk-COPI S 92i 

·---l -- ---iAGES LIBRARY NO 60,081 

19 

1FOP § IECClffiJE'IF 
l§P BIQRll (Continued. from page 4) fl'!gure l. 

Motor 1peed oalaulated tro• film. of "all epaae1" fil.liad ueiq \he 

gonmed nmtor • m.7 l°pll• 

Z't.o6 • per rnolution or print-wheel 

0.712 me per oharactm' 

6 rnolutions of print. wheel • 162.4 lllt• 

7 NTolut:toa1 ot print wheel • 189 .4 •. 

8 rnolutione of print wheel • 216.~ ma 

=-i'l • - o.166 111 average bias JMll" letter of •1aage. 

- o.166 • 0.233 character. &ftrage bial par letter of ...... 0.712 

1f([])IP 

20 

Donald r.-scliiiiBaJ11r 

NSA-314 

2 A111Ult 1955 

LIBRARY ROIJJ,G,081 

rnr· 8E SN El CO"TROL NUMBER~~<f ''"_, CUPY_..if·~-;: COPIE ~ " ' PAGE •. §Cd: _ ~v~ ?f"l'AGES §IEEiffi1E ·-