April 1, 2015

 Exemption No. 11251

 Regulatory Docket No. FAA–2014–0826

Mr. Rex Peters

AirRaid Aerials LLC

P.O. Box 28

Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948

Dear Mr. Peters:

This letter is to inform you that we have granted your request for exemption. It transmits our 

decision, explains its basis, and gives you the conditions and limitations of the exemption, 

including the date it ends.

The Basis for Our Decision

By letter dated October 9, 20141, you petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 

on behalf of AirRaid Aerials LLC (hereinafter petitioner or operator) for an exemption. The 

exemption would allow the petitioner to operate an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to 

conduct operations including flare stack inspection, utility-power generation system 

inspections and patrolling, pipeline inspection and patrolling, filmmaking, cinematography, 

and videography, precision agriculture, wildlife and forestry monitoring, aerial surveying, 

construction site inspection and monitoring, and public entity support.

See Appendix A for the petition submitted to the FAA describing the proposed operations and 

the regulations that the petitioner seeks an exemption.

The FAA has determined that good cause exists for not publishing a summary of the petition 

in the Federal Register because the requested exemption would not set a precedent, and any 

delay in acting on this petition would be detrimental to the petitioner.

 

1 On February 4, 2015, the petitioner responded to the FAA’s request for information.
2

Airworthiness Certification

The UAS proposed by the petitioner is a CineStar 8.

The petitioner requested relief from 14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products 

and parts, Subpart H—Airworthiness Certificates. In accordance with the statutory criteria 

provided in Section 333 of Public Law 112−95 in reference to 49 U.S.C. § 44704, and in 

consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

aircraft and its operation, the Secretary of Transportation has determined that this aircraft 

meets the conditions of Section 333. Therefore, the FAA finds that the requested relief from 

14 CFR part 21, and any associated noise certification and testing requirements of part 36, is 

not necessary.

The Basis for Our Decision

You have requested to use a UAS for aerial data collection or/and closed set motion picture 

and filming. The FAA has issued grants of exemption in circumstances similar in all material 

respects to those presented in your petition. In Grants of Exemption Nos. 11062 to Astraeus 

Aerial (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0352), 11109 to Clayco, Inc. (see Docket No. 

FAA−2014−0507), 11112 to VDOS Global, LLC (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0382), and 

11213 to Aeryon Labs, Inc. (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0642), the FAA found that the 

enhanced safety achieved using an unmanned aircraft (UA) with the specifications described 

by the petitioner and carrying no passengers or crew, rather than a manned aircraft of 

significantly greater proportions, carrying crew in addition to flammable fuel, gives the FAA 

good cause to find that the UAS operation enabled by this exemption is in the public interest.

Having reviewed your reasons for requesting an exemption, I find that—

 They are similar in all material respects to relief previously requested in Grant of 

Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 11213;

 The reasons stated by the FAA for granting Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 

11213 also apply to the situation you present; and 

 A grant of exemption is in the public interest.

Our Decision

In consideration of the foregoing, I find that a grant of exemption is in the public interest. 

Therefore, pursuant to the authority contained in 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, and 44701, 

delegated to me by the Administrator, AirRaid Aerials LLC is granted an exemption from 

14 CFR §§ 61.23(a) and (c), 61.101(e)(4) and (5), 61.113(a), 61.315(a), 91.7(a), 91.119(c), 

91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (2), and 91.417(a) and (b), to 

the extent necessary to allow the petitioner to operate a UAS to perform aerial data collection 

and/or closed set motion picture and filming. This exemption is subject to the conditions and 

limitations listed below.
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Conditions and Limitations

In this grant of exemption, AirRaid Aerials LLC is hereafter referred to as the operator.

Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be 

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the CineStar 8 when 

weighing less than 55 pounds including payload. Proposed operations of any other 

aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this exemption.

2. Operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and television filming are

not permitted. 

3. The UA may not be operated at a speed exceeding 87 knots (100 miles per hour). The 

exemption holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine 

compliance with the 87 knot speed restriction. In no case will the UA be operated at 

airspeeds greater than the maximum UA operating airspeed recommended by the 

aircraft manufacturer.

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL). Altitude must be reported in feet AGL.

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. 

This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than 

corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate or 

U.S. driver’s license.

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The UA must be operated within 

the visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC and VO at all times. The VO may be used 

to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS 

capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times;

electronic messaging or texting is not permitted during flight operations. The PIC must 

be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the 

duration of the flight. The PIC must ensure that the VO can perform the duties 

required of the VO.

7. This exemption and all documents needed to operate the UAS and conduct its 

operations in accordance with the conditions and limitations stated in this grant of 

exemption, are hereinafter referred to as the operating documents. The operating 

documents must be accessible during UAS operations and made available to the 

Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and 

limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating documents, 

the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. 
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Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operating 

documents. The operator may update or revise its operating documents. It is the 

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised 

documents to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. The 

operator must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for extension 

or amendment to this grant of exemption. If the operator determines that any update or 

revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then the 

operator must petition for an amendment to its grant of exemption. The FAA’s UAS 

Integration Office (AFS-80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or 

revisions to the operating documents.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation 

or flight characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo 

a functional test flight prior to conducting further operations under this exemption. 

Functional test flights may only be conducted by a PIC with a VO and must remain at 

least 500 feet from other people. The functional test flight must be conducted in such 

a manner so as to not pose an undue hazard to persons and property.

9. The operator is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the UAS to ensure that it is 

in a condition for safe operation.

10. Prior to each flight, the PIC must conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine the 

UAS is in a condition for safe flight. The pre-flight inspection must account for all 

potential discrepancies, e.g. inoperable components, items, or equipment. If the 

inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft is 

prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the 

UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight.

11. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s maintenance, overhaul, 

replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements for the aircraft and aircraft 

components.

12. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer safety 

bulletins.

13. Under this grant of exemption, a PIC must hold either an airline transport, 

commercial, private, recreational, or sport pilot certificate. The PIC must also hold a 

current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. driver’s license issued by a 

state, the District of Colombia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a possession, or the Federal 

government. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 

14 CFR § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

14. The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless the PIC demonstrates the 

ability to safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be 
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operated under this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from persons, vessels, vehicles and structures. PIC 

qualification flight hours and currency must be logged in a manner consistent with 

14 CFR § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of training the operator’s PICs and VOs 

(training, proficiency, and experience-building) and determining the PIC’s ability to 

safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated 

under this exemption are permitted under the terms of this exemption. However, 

training operations may only be conducted during dedicated training sessions. During 

training, proficiency, and experience-building flights, all persons not essential for 

flight operations are considered nonparticipants, and the PIC must operate the UA 

with appropriate distance from nonparticipants in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119.

15. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1. All 

operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights 

under special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not authorized.

16. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point (ARP) as 

denoted in the current FAA Airport/Facility Directory (AFD) or for airports not 

denoted with an ARP, the center of the airport symbol as denoted on the current FAApublished aeronautical chart, unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s 

management is obtained or otherwise permitted by a COA issued to the exemption 

holder. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made available 

to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

17. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

18. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a predetermined location within the private or controlled-access property.

19. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

20. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and forecast 

weather conditions) there is enough available power for the UA to conduct the 

intended operation and to operate after that for at least five minutes or with the reserve 

power recommended by the manufacturer if greater.

21. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). All 

operations shall be conducted in accordance with an ATO-issued COA. The 

exemption holder may apply for a new or amended COA if it intends to conduct 

operations that cannot be conducted under the terms of the attached COA.

22. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (N-
6

Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be 

as large as practicable.

23. Documents used by the operator to ensure the safe operation and flight of the UAS and 

any documents required under 14 CFR §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the 

PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. These 

documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement 

official upon request.

24. The UA must remain clear and give way to all manned aviation operations and 

activities at all times. 

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle. 

26. All Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures unless:

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons 

from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure 

that nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a situation arises 

where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are within 500 feet of 

the UA, flight operations must cease immediately in a manner ensuring the safety 

of nonparticipating persons; and

b. The owner/controller of any vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission 

for operating closer to those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of 

the risk of operating closer to those objects and determined that it does not 

present an undue hazard.

The PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons are not considered 

nonparticipating persons under this exemption.

27. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

permission from the property owner/controller or authorized representative. 

Permission from property owner/controller or authorized representative will be 

obtained for each flight to be conducted.

28. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical 

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported 

to the FAA's UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be 

reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions 

contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov.

If this exemption permits operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and 

television filming and production, the following additional conditions and limitations apply.
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29. The operator must have a motion picture and television operations manual (MPTOM) 

as documented in this grant of exemption.

30. At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the UAS affected by this 

exemption must submit a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight Standards 

District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the area of proposed filming. The 3-day 

notification may be waived with the concurrence of the FSDO. The plan of activities 

must include at least the following:

a. Dates and times for all flights;

b. Name and phone number of the operator for the UAS aerial filming conducted 

under this grant of exemption;

c. Name and phone number of the person responsible for the on-scene operation of 

the UAS;

d. Make, model, and serial or N-Number of UAS to be used;

e. Name and certificate number of UAS PICs involved in the aerial filming;

f. A statement that the operator has obtained permission from property owners 

and/or local officials to conduct the filming production event; the list of those 

who gave permission must be made available to the inspector upon request;

g. Signature of exemption holder or representative; and

h. A description of the flight activity, including maps or diagrams of any area, city, 

town, county, and/or state over which filming will be conducted and the altitudes 

essential to accomplish the operation.

31. Flight operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet from participating persons 

consenting to be involved and necessary for the filming production, as specified in the 

exemption holder’s MPTOM.

Unless otherwise specified in this grant of exemption, the UAS, the UAS PIC, and the UAS 

operations must comply with all applicable parts of 14 CFR including, but not limited to, 

parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.

This exemption terminates on April 30, 2017, unless sooner superseded or rescinded.

Sincerely,

/s/

John S. Duncan

Director, Flight Standards Service
October 9, 2014 

U. S. Department of Transportation

Docket Management System 

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE 

Washington, DC 20590 

Re: Exemption Request Section 333 of the FAA Reform Act and Part 11 of the Federal 

Aviation Regulations from 14 C.F.R. 45.23(b);14 CFR Part 21;14 CFR 61.113 (a) & (b); 

91.7 (a);91.9 (b) (2);91.103(b); 91.109;91.119; 91.121; 91.151(a);91.203(a) & (b);91.405 

(a); 91.407(a) (1); 91.409 (a) (2);91.417 (a) & (b). 

Dear Sir or Madam: 

Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (the Reform 

Act) and 14 C.F.R. Part 11, AirRaid Aerials LLC, operator of Small Unmanned Aircraft 

Systems (“sUASs”) equipped to offer on-demand commercial UAS operations for a host 

of industries and applications. These include:

• Flare stack inspection,

• Utility-power generation system inspections and patrolling,

• Pipeline inspection and patrolling,

• Filmmaking, cinematography, and videography,

• Precision agriculture,

• Wildlife and forestry monitoring,

• Aerial surveying,

• Construction site inspection and monitoring, and

• Public Entity Support Operations.

hereby applies for an exemption from the listed Federal Aviation Regulations (“FARs”) to 

allow commercial operation of its sUASs, so long as such operations are conducted 

within and under the conditions outlined herein or as may be established by the FAA as 

required by Section 333

As described more fully below, the requested exemption would permit the operation of 

small, unmanned and relatively inexpensive sUAS under controlled conditions in 

airspace that is 1) limited 2) predetermined 3) controlled as to access and 4) would 

provide safety enhancements to the already safe operations using conventional aircraft. 

Approval of this exemption would thereby enhance safety and fulfill the Secretary of 

Transportation’s (the FAA Administrator’s) responsibilities to “...establish requirements 
for the safe operation of such aircraft systems in the national airspace system.” Section 

333(c) of the Reform Act.

The name and address of the applicant is: 

AirRaid Aerials LLC

Attn: Rex Peters

PO Box 28

Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948 

Ph: 252-449-2222 

Email: Air.Raid@me.com

Regulations from which the exemption is requested: 

14 CFR Part 21 

14 C.F.R. 45.23(b) 

14 CFR 61.113 (a) & (b) 

14 C.F.R. 91.7 (a) 

14 CFR 91.9 (b) (2) 

14 C.F.R. 91.103 

14 C.F.R. 91.109 

14 C.F. R. 91.119 

14 C.F.R. 91.121 

14 CFR 91.151 (a) 

14 CFR 91.203 (a) & (b) 

14 CFR 91.405 (a) 

14 CFR 407 (a) (1) 

14 CFR 409 (a) (2) 

14 CFR 417 (a) & (b) 

This exemption application is expressly submitted to fulfill Congress’ goal in passing 

Section 333(a) through (c) of the Reform Act. This law directs the Secretary of 

Transportation to consider whether certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate 

safely in the national airspace system (NAS) before completion of the rulemaking 

required under Section 332 of the Reform Act. In making this determination, the 

Secretary is required to determine which types of UASs do not create a hazard to users 

of the NAS or the public or pose a threat to national security in light of the following: 

• The UAS’s size, weight, speed, and operational capability; 

• Operation of the UAS in close proximity to airports and populated areas; and 

• Operation of the UAS within visual line of sight of the operator. 

Reform Act § 333 (a). Lastly, if the Secretary determines that such vehicles “may 

operate safely in the national airspace system, the Secretary shall establish 

requirements for the safe operation of such aircraft in the national airspace system.” Id. 

§333(c) (emphasis added)

Applicant interprets this provision to place the duty on the Administrator to not only 

process applications for exemptions under section 333, but for the Administrator to craft 

conditions for the safe operation of the UAS, if it should be determined that the 

conditions set forth herein do not fulfill the statutory requirements for approval.

The Federal Aviation Act expressly grants the FAA the authority to issue exemptions. 

This statutory authority by its terms includes exempting civil aircraft, as the term is 

defined under §40101 of the Act that includes sUASs, from the requirement that all civil 

aircraft must have a current airworthiness certificate.
The Administrator may grant an exemption from a requirement of a regulation prescribed 

under subsection (a) or (b) of this section or any sections 44702-44716 of this title if the 

Administrator finds the exemption in the public interest. 49 U.S.C. §44701(f) See also 49 

USC §44711(a); 49 USC §44704; 14 CFR §91.203 (a) (1). 

AirRaid Aerials’ sUASs are rotorcraft, weighting 55 or fewer lbs. including payload. They 

operate, under normal conditions at a speed of no more than 50 knots and have the 

capability to hover, and move in the vertical and horizontal plane simultaneously. They 

will operate only in line of sight and will operate only within a sterile area. Such 

operations will insure that the sUAS will “not create a hazard to users of the national 

airspace system or the public.”

Reform Act Section 333 (b).

Given the small size of the sUASs involved and the restricted sterile environment within 

which they will operate, the applicant falls squarely within that zone of safety (an 

equivalent level of safety) in which Congress envisioned that the FAA must, by 

exemption, allow commercial operations of UASs to commence immediately. Also due to 

the size of the UASs and the restricted areas in which the relevant sUASs will operate, 

approval of the application presents no national security issue. Given the clear direction 

in Section 333 of the Reform Act, the authority contained in the Federal Aviation Act, as 

amended; the strong equivalent level of safety surrounding the proposed operations, and 

the significant public benefit, including enhanced safety, reduction in environmental 

impacts, including reduced emissions associated with allowing UASs, the grant of the 

requested exemptions is in the public interest.

Accordingly, the applicant respectfully requests that the FAA grant the requested 

exemption without delay.

AIRCRAFT AND EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF SAFETY 

The applicant proposes that the exemption requested herein apply to civil aircraft that 

have the characteristics and that operate with the limitations listed herein. These 

limitations provide for at least an equivalent or even higher level of safety to operations 

under the current regulatory structure because the proposed operations represent a 

safety enhancement to the already safe operations conducted with conventional aircraft. 

These limitations and conditions to which AirRaid Aerials agrees to be bound when 

conducting commercial operations under an FAA issued exemption include: 

1. The sUAS will weigh less than 55 lbs. 

2. Flights will be operated within line of sight of a pilot and/or observer. 

3. Maximum total flight time for each operational flight will be 30 minutes. Flights will be 

terminated at 25% battery power reserve should that occur prior to the 30 minute limit. 

4. Flights will be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet AGL or, not more than 

200 feet above an elevated platform from which filming is planned. 

5. Minimum crew for each operation will consist of the sUAS Pilot, the Visual Observer, 

and/or the Camera Operator. 

6. sUAS pilot will be an FAA licensed airman with at least a private pilot’s certificate.

7. sUAS Pilot will be Pilot in Command (PIC). If a pilot certificate holder other than the 

sUAS Pilot, who possess the necessary PIC qualifications, is also present (i.e. the Visual 

Observer), that person can also be designated as the PIC.

8. The UAS will only operate within a confined “Sterile Area” of the flight operations area. 

9. A briefing will be conducted in regard to the planned sUAS operations prior to each 

day’s activities. It will be mandatory that all personnel who will be performing duties 

within the boundaries of the safety perimeter be present for this briefing. 
10. The operator will obtain the consent of all persons involved and ensure that only 

consenting persons will be allowed within 100 feet of the flight operation, and this radius 

may be reduced to 30 feet based upon an equivalent level of safety determination.

11. Pilot and observer will have been trained in operation of UAS generally and received 

up-to-date information on the particular UAS to be operated.

12. Observer and pilot will at all times are able to communicate by voice and/or text. 

13. Written and/or oral permission from the relevant property holders will be obtained. 

14. All required permissions and permits will be obtained from territorial, state, county or 

city jurisdictions, including local law enforcement, fire, or other appropriate governmental 

agencies.

15. If the sUAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UAS will have 

capability to return to a pre-determined location within the Security Perimeter and land. 

16. The sUAS will have the capability to abort a flight in case of unpredicted obstacles or 

emergencies.
14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H: Airworthiness Certificates 14 C.F.R. §91.203 (a) (1) 

Subpart H, entitled Airworthiness Certificates, establishes the procedural requirements 

for the issuance of airworthiness certificates as required by FAR §91.203 (a) (1). Given 

the size and limited operating area associated with the aircraft to be utilized by the 

Applicant, an exemption from Part 21 Subpart H meets the requirements of an 

equivalent level of safety under Part 11 and Section 333 of the Reform Act. The Federal 

Aviation Act (49 U.S.C.§44701 (f)) and Section 333 of the Reform Act both authorize the 

FAA to exempt aircraft from the requirement for an airworthiness certificate, upon 

consideration of the size, weight, speed, operational capability, and proximity to airports 

and populated areas of the particular UAS. In all cases, an analysis of these criteria 

demonstrates that the UAS operated without an airworthiness certificate, in the restricted 

environment and under the conditions proposed will be at least as safe, or safer, than a 

conventional aircraft (fixed wing or rotorcraft) operating with an airworthiness certificate 

without the restrictions and conditions proposed. 

The sUAS to be operated hereunder is less than 55 lbs. fully loaded, carries neither a 

pilot nor passenger, carries no explosive materials or flammable liquid fuels, and 

operates exclusively within a secured area as set out in the Manual. Unlike other civil 

aircraft, operations under this exemption will be tightly controlled and monitored by both 

the operator, pursuant to the Manual’s requirements, and under the requirements and in 

compliance with local public safety requirements, to provide security for the area of 

operation as is now done with conventional filming. The FAA will have advance notice of 

all operations. These safety enhancements, which already apply to civil aircraft operated 

in connection with motion picture and television production, provide a greater degree of 

safety to the public and property owners than conventional operations conducted with 

airworthiness certificates issued under 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Lastly, application 

of these same criteria demonstrates that there is no credible threat to national security 

posed by the UAS, due to its size, speed of operation, location of operation, lack of 

explosive materials or flammable liquid fuels, and inability to carry a substantial external 

load. 

14 C.F.R. § 45.23 (b). Marking of the Aircraft 

The regulation requires: 

When marks include only the Roman capital letter "N" and the registration number is 

displayed on limited, restricted or light-sport category aircraft or experimental or 

provisionally certificated aircraft, the operator must also display on that aircraft near each 

entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or pilot station, in letters not less than 2 inches nor more 

than 6 inches high, the words "limited," "restricted," "light-sport," "experimental," or 

"provisional," as applicable. 

Even though the UAS will have no airworthiness certificate, an exemption may be 

needed as the UAS will have no entrance to the cabin, cockpit or pilot station on which 

the word “Experimental” can be placed. Given the size of the sUAV, two-inch lettering 

will be impossible. The word “Experimental” will be placed on the fuselage in compliance 

with §45.29 (f). 

The equivalent level of safety will be provided by having the sUAV marked on its 

fuselage as required by §45.29 (f) where the pilot, observer and others working with the 

sUAV will see the identification of the UAS as “Experimental.” The FAA has issued the 

following exemptions to this regulation to Exemptions Nos. 10700, 8738, 10167 and 

10167A. 

14 C.F.R. § 61.113 (a) & (b): Private Pilot Privileges and Limitations: Pilot in 

Command. 

Sections 61.113 (a) & (b) limit private pilots to non-commercial operations. Because the 

UAS will not carry a pilot or passengers, the proposed operations can achieve the 
equivalent level of safety of current operations by requiring the PIC operating the aircraft 

to have a private pilot’s license rather than a commercial pilot’s license to operate this 

small UAS. Unlike a conventional aircraft that carries the pilot and passengers, the sUAS 

is remotely controlled with no living thing on board. The area of operation is controlled 

and restricted, and all flights are planned and coordinated in advance. The level of safety 

provided by the requirements included in the Manual exceeds that provided by a single 

individual holding a commercial pilot’s certificate operating a conventional aircraft. The 

risks associated with the operation of the sUAS are so diminished from the level of risk 

associated with commercial operations contemplated by Part 61 when drafted, that 

allowing operations of the sUAS as requested with a private pilot as the PIC exceeds the 

present level of safety achieved by 14 C.F.R. §61.113 (a) & (b). 

14 C.F.R. §91.7(a): Civil aircraft airworthiness. 

The regulation requires that no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in airworthy 

condition. As there will be no airworthiness certificate issued for the aircraft, should this 

exemption be granted, no FAA regulatory standard will exist for determining 

airworthiness. Given the size of the aircraft and the requirements contained in the 

Manual for maintenance and use of safety check lists prior to each flight, as set forth in 

Sections J, L and Q, an equivalent level of safety will be provided. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.9 (b) (2): Civil Aircraft Flight Manual in the Aircraft. 

Section 91.9 (b) (2) provides: 

No person may operate a U.S.-registered civil aircraft ... 

(2) For which an Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual is not required by §21.5 of this 

chapter, unless there is available in the aircraft a current approved airplane or Rotorcraft 

Flight Manual, approved manual material, markings, and placards, or any combination 

thereof. The sUAS, given its size and configuration has no ability or place to carry such a 

flight manual on the aircraft, not only because there is no pilot on board, but because 

there is no room or capacity to carry such an item on the aircraft. 

The equivalent level of safety will be maintained by keeping the flight manual at the 

ground control point where the pilot flying the sUAS will have immediate access to it. 

The FAA has issued the following exemptions to this regulation: Exemption Nos. 8607, 

8737, 8738, 9299, 9299A, 9565, 9565B, 10167, 10167A, 10602, 32827, and 10700. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.103: Preflight action 

This regulation requires each pilot in command to take certain actions before flight to 

insure the safety of flight. As FAA approved rotorcraft flight manuals will not be provided 

for the aircraft an exemption will be needed. The PIC will take all actions including 

reviewing weather, flight battery requirements, landing and takeoff distances and aircraft 

performance data before initiation of flight. 

14 C.F.R. §91.109: Flight instruction: 

Section 91.103 provides that no person may operate a civil aircraft (except a manned 

free balloon) that is being used for flight instruction unless that aircraft has fully 

functioning dual controls. 

sUASs and remotely piloted aircraft, by their design do not have fully functional dual 

controls. Flight control is accomplished through the use of a control box that 

communicates with the aircraft via radio communications. The FAA has approved 

exemptions for flight training without fully functional dual controls for a number of aircraft 

and for flight instruction in experimental aircraft. See Exemption Nos.5778K & 9862A. 

The equivalent level of safety provided by the fact that neither a pilot nor passengers will 

be carried in the aircraft and by the size and speed of the aircraft. 

14 C.F.R. §91.119: Minimum safe altitudes 

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Section 91.119 (d) 

allows helicopters to be operated at less than the minimums prescribed, provided the 
person operating the helicopter complies with any route or altitudes prescribed for 

helicopters by the FAA. As this exemption is for a sUAS that is a helicopter and the 

exemption requests authority to operate at altitudes up to 400 AGL, or not more than 

200 above an elevated platform from which filming is planned, an exemption may be 

needed to allow such operations. As set forth herein, except for the limited conditions 

stated in the Manual, the UAS will never operate at higher than 400 AGL. It will however 

be operated in a restricted area with security perimeter, where buildings and people will 

not be exposed to operations without their pre-obtained consent. The equivalent level of 

safety will be achieved given the size, weight, and speed of the UAS as well as the 

location where it is operated. No flight will be taken without the required permission of 

the property owner or local officials. Because of the advance notice to the property 

owner and participants in the aerial activity, all affected individuals will be aware of the 

planned flight operations. Compared to flight operations with aircraft or rotorcraft 

weighting far more than the maximum 55lbs. proposed herein and the lack of flammable 

fuel, any risk associated with these operations is far less than those presently presented 

with conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 AGL other industries. In addition, the 

low-altitude operations of the sUAS will ensure separation between these small-UAS 

operations and the operations of conventional aircraft that must comply with Section 

91.119. 

14 C.F.R. §91.121 Altimeter Settings 

This regulation requires each person operating an aircraft to maintain cruising altitude by 

reference to an altimeter that is set “...to the elevation of the departure airport or an 

appropriate altimeter setting available before departure.” As the sUAS may not have a 

barometric altimeter, but instead a GPS altitude read out, an exemption may be needed. 

An equivalent level of safety will be achieved by the operator, pursuant to the Manual 

and Safety Check list, confirming the altitude of the launch site shown on the GPS 

altitude indicator before flight. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a): Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions 

Section 91.151 (a) prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane under 

VFR conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is 

enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, and, assuming normal cruising 

speed – (1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or (2) At night, to fly 

after that for at least 45 minutes.” 

The battery powering the sUAS provides approximately 40 minutes of powered flight. To 

meet the 30-minute reserve requirement in 14 CFR §91.151, sUAS flights would be 

limited to approximately 10 minutes in length. Given the limitations on the UAS’s 

proposed flight area and the location of its proposed operations within a predetermined 

area, a longer time frame for flight in daylight or night VFR conditions is reasonable. 

Applicant believes that an exemption from 14 CFR §91.151(a) falls within the scope of 

prior exemptions. See Exemption 10673 (allowing Lockheed Martin Corporation to 

operate without compliance with FAR 91.151 (a)). Operating the small UAS, in a tightly 

controlled area where only people and property owners or official representatives who 

have signed waivers will be allowed, with less than 30 minutes of reserve fuel, does not 

engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(a) was intended to alleviate given the size 

and speed of the small UAS. Additionally, limiting sUAS flights to 10 minutes would 

greatly reduce the utility for which the exemption will be granted. 

Applicant believes that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved by limiting flights to 

30 minutes or 25% of battery power whichever happens first. This restriction would be 

more than adequate to return the sUAS to its planned landing zone from anywhere in its 

limited operating area. 

Similar exemptions have been granted to other operations, including Exemptions 2689F, 
5745, 10673, and 10808. 

14 C.F.R. §91.203 (a) and (b): Carrying Civil Aircraft Certification and Registration 

The regulation provides in pertinent part: 

(a) Except as provided in § 91.715, no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it has 

within it the following: 

(1) An appropriate and current airworthiness certificate. . . . 

(b) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless the airworthiness certificate required by 

paragraph (a) of this section or a special flight authorization issued under §91.715 is 

displayed at the cabin or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to passengers or crew. 

The UAS fully loaded weighs no more than 55 lbs and is operated without an onboard 

pilot. As such, there is no ability or place to carry certification and registration documents 

or to display them on the sUAS. 

An equivalent level of safety will be achieved by keeping these documents at the ground 

control point where the pilot flying the sUAS will have immediate access to them, to the 

extent they are applicable to the sUAS. The FAA has issued numerous exemptions to 

this regulation. A representative sample of other exceptions includes Exemption Nos. 

9565, 9665, 9789, 9789A, 9797, 9797A, 9816A, and 10700. 

14 C.F.R. §91.405 (a); 407 (a) (1); 409 (a) (2); 417(a) & (b): Maintenance Inspections 

These regulations require that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that aircraft 

inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, 

except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as 

prescribed in part 43 of this chapter...,” and others shall inspect or maintain the aircraft in 

compliance with Part 43. 

Given that these section and Part 43 apply only to aircraft with an airworthiness 

certificate, these sections will not apply to the applicant. The operator pursuant to the 

flight manual and operating handbook will accomplish maintenance. An equivalent level 

of safety will be achieved because these small UASs are very limited in size and will 

carry a small payload and operate only in restricted areas for limited periods of time. If 

mechanical issues arise the UAS can land immediately and will be operating from no 

higher than 400 feet AGL. As provided in the Manual, the operator will ensure that the 

UAS is in working order prior to initiating flight, perform required maintenance, and keep 

a log of any maintenance performed. Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar 

with the aircraft and best suited to maintain the aircraft in an airworthy condition to 

provide the equivalent level of safety. 

********* 

Pursuant to 14 C.F.R. Part 11, the following summary is provided for publication in the 

Federal Register, should it be determined that publication is needed: 

Applicant seeks an exemption from the following rules: 

14 C.F.R. §21, subpart H; 14 C.F.R 45.23(b);14 C.F.R. §§ 61.113( a) & (b);91.7 (a); 91.9 

(b) (2);91.103(b);91.109; 91.119; 91.121; 91.151(a);91.203(a) and (b); 91.405 (a); 

91.407 (a) (1); 91.409 (a) (2); 91.409 (a) (2) and 91.417 (a) & (b) to operate 

commercially a small unmanned vehicle (55lbs or less).

Approval of exemptions allowing commercial operations of sUASs, will enhance safety 

by reducing risk. Conventional operations, using jet or piston power aircraft, operate at 

extremely low altitudes just feet from the subjects being filmed and in extreme proximity 

to people and structures and present the risks associated with vehicles that weigh in the 

neighborhood of 4,000lbs, carrying large amounts of jet A or other fuel. Such aircraft 

must fly to and from the operational location. In contrast, a sUAS weighing fewer than 55 

lbs. and powered by batteries eliminates virtually all of that risk given the reduced mass 

and lack of combustible fuel carried on board. The sUAS is carried to the operation site

and not flown. The sUAS will carry no passengers or crew and, therefore, will not expose 
them to the risks associated with manned aircraft flights. 

The operation of small UASs, weighting less than 55 lbs., conducted in the strict 

conditions outlined above, will provide an equivalent level of safety supporting the grant 

of the exemptions requested herein, including exempting the applicant from the 

requirements of Part 21 and allowing commercial operations. These lightweight aircraft 

operate at slow speeds, close to the ground, and in a sterile environment and, as a 

result, are far safer than conventional operations conducted with turbine helicopters 

operating in close proximity to the ground and people. 

Privacy 

All flights will occur over private or controlled access property with the property owner’s 

prior consent and knowledge. Filming will be of people who have also consented to 

being filmed or otherwise have agreed to be in the area where filming will take place. 

The grant of this exemption request will provide improved safety in both day and night 

operations. Satisfaction of the criteria provided in Section 333 of the Reform Act of 2012-

-size, weight, speed, operating capabilities, proximity to airports and populated areas 

and operation within visual line of sight and national security – provide more than 

adequate justification for the grant of the requested exemptions allowing commercial 

operation of applicant’s UAS.

Sincerely,

Rex Peters

AirRaid Aerials