REF ID:A39751 

IN REPLY REFER TO • ' WAR DEPARTMENT 

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER 

WASHINGTON 

Jlemora.ndum For Messrs. Yilliam F. Friedman 

and Frank B. Rowlett, 

W' P and ~ Di rtsion, 

Office ot the Chief Signal Officer. 

• Jlunitiona Building, Washington, D.c. 

SubJect-: Improvement in Cryptographa 

Bew Patent Applieation 

l. The doc'UIMnts and 4rawil1ge for the a'boTe entitled patent 

application ha.Ye no. been camplete4 an4 are eullsitted herewith for 

appro•l and execution prior to the tiling of the application in the 

:Patent Office. 

2. In execu.ting the application, each of" yaa gentlemea should 

be careful to sign his full first, ait4le initial and last name• at 

the three places i:ndieated in pencil ad then talce aclmowletlpent to 

the oath Before a no"-7 pa.blic who nm.et also sip an.4 impress hi• notarial Hal• It mt)' ·changes or correeti•• are de-4 uceH&rJ' er 4eaira~le, please intteate '\ha •eae in the car~on oop7 eeat tar Plll'POee• 

of cheok:111g. One iet et photestatio copies of tlle drawing• fa also tnme11.it\et a:t this tilu tor purposes or cheekiJIC• 

s. Your &ttentiOJl ia e&lled to the tut that tllia applicatitm. 

ha1 'beau plaoet in .ti seoret categor7 and tu Pateate Section ha• been 

41reetet to take the necessary etepa te iavoka the pro~i•ion• ot Section 

4894 1L S. 1Jl accordance with tlae :proeeclure iaitiated. lV' tile Chief Sipal 

Officer imd.er elate or A'\lg1l8t 21, 1935 •. When thil anlicatien l&1 reeaiTe4 

a formal date of ~iling eat Serial IUm.lJer in the Patent Otti••• •• .. •••r'J' 

etepe will be ta.lee• to compl7 with the reca:a.irement Jun aeatiene4 &11t ·a11-

propriate clocaents will be prepared .tor tlaat :p11rposee 

Charle• .&.. :Rowe, 

Patent• :Section, Signal Corpe 

v 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 09-27-2013 pursuant to E. 0. 

135 6 
.· 

REF ID:A39751 

- s~_.·.ir. ,-·; Q. ~' c.. ~. 

. - +.'\.a.'-. ~~t.. 'l,.~ ... I q ~t. 

"'" ·". ..... 

~ 

... 

... 

I 

,..k :;, Ji#"• I I 

~ ·" • r 

1 la 1.nqlon.stt ••J-\ of ~Ql 1---tha 19 tO lWO'f{ ... 

. . •,.,. 

• 

-'.: 

..... t:Mhl ~ ..... la •llMi' ~~ .... ·~·la ..... ,_ dil1•l1W • "'.~••'1• e 1m $o"n. far _illla'._ a p)ala-J•.. .. • ·-lfi" ·:. • 

. '".. l •• • :. 

-·~-- wild £• • •• ·~ tw .. • ,..._.,. of •'9,ltuu-. -.- . 

.... . ... 

:.llf _..Uutl• Jf/&7 'M ~llniQ raw,_.· ·t. "-1.,....llC .-II • ·. 

la ta. •l"J'Ptosftplal• ...,laald- "teJ'UTM to tbeN l• UWtlia' 

. ,_,...-.s ... & -~ ~t t.be .•newr:tt•r '''9· nieb caa\rol• ..... at 

· : Mrt••· eorre~S.S to ...... ..._..,•r•• :_. a •t et -.,. I'•· 

-~; ....... •HM~ .o.t• d a..-~ •1- ~-- -.-'9 tot.I ..... 

;tM ....... Ollanehr• reftlt~ ~- •ra'1ea et Us• tQ1:fOltr4. fte 

' ' . - - . .. ,. fd .. ...,.. •l. \a .U,~ut 111a4 'the ., t of .S,.lSll!I' w fll41ttatl.IC - .t 

............. eouacted \o •eoa o\he.I" •l•\rloell.1"" o1:ntaltl •R4 r ~ , 

' . 

-whlela •lll ~ ... , .... ·~lJ • ..,~~-·· , .. '-'•. -·~ 

ta"li ..... , ot • alealt,, or •l•trt•a.l •tlftl\e • ,_... ._.._ \Illa . . . •1--... •U•he• aiMl '*-• l .. l'-"•'Sl:rif tftl .. tllap • .............,. •I a · '" ... , • • ., • I • • 

.. . . . 

.,..~l '1JNI a. .. i1 ~ .ta t.be an.. ..... .. 111u91_~._.. _ ............... ' .. • "f I 

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I• \M laN flt nat. ., .. .-rt .. an -..i•r •t. Id ..,...._ .... r......, .,,· 0 { ,.. •• ... 7'• I • • .:. ~ 

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REF ID:A39751 

ill .. 41 'fid'a"l c<:>ntAottt of one fa.oe O.ing connMtid "1 lnlt'Dl""MJt 001l4ueton 

'Ptl•sing 'ibrau6h the diak ~ in<i1•14Ul eoa-..: ~ -.. other face 1• • 

vlliU'•r1' JtaJmer. la \lae li_\era'tur• ot o~~~ nab oa.utatore 

.re •alle4 " elpber •.bae'l• •• • .. codinc CJlt.ndeft " , and \be like ; 

ft..t.., for purpoae.• of gea.ter cln-rlt7 in deaOT1.P\:Wo 'the,7 •U~ beJ'6~ 

M Nferred W a• n sub•\1 tut ion COll41iltat.ore. •t ln & s1Qgl8 Vypto~ 

-.r• •1 be· aewral ~ 00111Rtator1 J'Uta~ oa a c~ lt:Lat\. .,..._ 

~ llore 'than o• su."9tt•uon ..._iaur b ua-; the c,1pliar l•'t•r o'bt1.t.ae4 upoa deprea•i»s & key ot \he UJ\oarcl i • 'be renl' ot tb• pu-.. _ 

of aa •l.etrioal ourrant along a Cotllplex patla ••t \1J> throug:-•- all the 

Jutapo2811 !Ul::IJ~1tut1on coanti..tors, \hia paU being cOll)>OM4 of u _.,. 

nb-~,e.t.tw Joined ·~u,en.ti&lly aa tbera a.re C*8a~a._ora. 1a·otbH' word•• 

tJMN iD here So OrJPWgr'apble 4ttfeot WbiOb U 41lflt1U\l.J & __. ... effe.\ 

be.TiD& on• or aon auba ti tu.ti on ea.n.tAtora rot.atul1 aouawd oa a •!aft 

between two fixed. end pla tee, e:ieh end plate 'bea.r11g an aml\11.&r riag ot 

con~ac~e, tba latter 'being •O C!itr,)Odd. u to coine!te •~tl7 wi il1 tAe 

falling into tnie 0At9C017 the C.111¥ ni\Gb•• .Gt tl:lie MAUallJ' opera-teA 

AJ~rd an ~te4 w \M ee'\aeu ot ori9 of tlle an4 pla tea, 811• 

~ber9 of' the M.ak ot ,l'Dd1catiD& device-• &r-• oazuacie<i w the co.ratac•• 

et· the otbar end p-late. ..\lso I\ r...erslnc .tnrttcli Qf twice a.a ~ o~ 

. ' . Wiot• ae there are n7a on tbt n1'°ut 1• ~oi . wta"to1' - ..... ~ 

ow•ra.wr w 1at .... bance .. "9DMtiou ,,..,._th•~- ... -·--- .. - ' ' 

. I 

:;;t'. 
REF ID:A39751 

Jato tne otbel' ~tecol'J' ~ lNt plaoieQ all oi-yptogra]»U ...... 

f.c a •lltill.• end plaw ot ta 'tne 4• .. l'l.1-4. _ ·'1'llle J.at•r sorttR.e°W are,. 

ltonYer, coaaeeMcl to·,._ •••~l• -•r• of.a ~ ot •lncl~ pol•, 4oulal• 

'Uarow •item•. tlle .,..'Mr or ni tcb•• beilrf" tlle ·~ att the n'11'l't-et' et 

contacsu 'Pl"OTi.:ed ·on ib• e1Dd plat•• aad eo acnurtjou.cud 'that tb• nl toa1 

ar1 COA'h'ol14M 1'J' tbe k•.7• ot \lie ~ll7 01eratecl ~board. oldJ•nat 

to \ • .-e e.boft-cl•IMJl'iueu erMl.plate ~re ao•tea·enit ol'" •ore nb•titut\Oll · 

.... hMn. t.he tiMl o-iaioi:, that i•.., Qe.ne aoat rttlllOtft from tile 

aa4 plat.a, 'fflnr what id 1'•r•1•fter «••cr~i.bed .atad l"foterred to ,. .. a 

" reweraing o...._tator " • '1''~• ...-.,o• at th• rewl"1tni oOlmlftttator 11 

-plaw 1.• slml8 othtir aen1:eet on ta. .... •n ttJ.a't•; th• eurreat thu 

•--• iato tbe NTerdq ·»late "na •• OfllllPUe&ted path tbrc'lui8h. '\be 

119&D• tor a&1gUl&r17 dlsplacilll' or rotatin« ~be ~""tor~, the reanoa . . 

.• . . . tubetitu:Uea ca.aMator• of th• tne 4e .. r1Mll, ·• pl'O•ieima 1• aa4• 

tor tae1r anpl•r 41-.pla.,...nt •l.:rl~ the eou1'M. at ~cipiaeriDB a 

pla:bl-tnt .. e9nge.,, the. renl. Ung oi))h•J' ten •Ul ,_ ·1Dc11m&l1l)tab9tt• 
REF ID:A39751 

in ch~racter ; tn~t 1•, onl1 one subB\ituti~a alphabet •ill haYe beea 

u.aed in the entire eno1pheroeiit. It ~• Jtell-known that auch llOllO-

' . . 

or •on of the ftbsti-\u.U<m eosmu1ators an rotated 1\ep b' step •1-

tl\e eaeiphermeir\ or deeip.berant or ea.ob let.ter, but 111 a rf!'tular u4/ or 

..Wr-lik• manner. 'Such cipher MChines ~TO Tide • conaideral»le 1Mre&ff . 

. i:a Cr)lptogr&pbie M1ourit1 ( 'thtlt h. r~u.1.11t1u1.ce to cryp'iana.1711.a) ottr -

tion coGllllutetors tRkea place, but still not aufticien' to insure pra.Ctleal 

i:a4ecr)ptabil1t1 tor cr1}ltograms J)roduce4 b7 their uee. 'fhh h 'beea!lft 

the latitude of Yariabtlit, ~!tered b)- tb8 .-a.bs\ttutio.D C09mltator ttmplaeeme11:t meob&nhs i• lim.i~ and all fo~ .. thereof 11\f\)' le refldill' reo.cestructed from e. 14\0del of tb~ ci:pbar ma.chine. · 

It h an obJ•ct ~r this i1ne-n tlon to pro_'fide a •aae or 

ef!ecti.JJg tbe a.ngul&r ~il!!pl&eeM611~ or rotatioa ot the su~•11~ut1oR oaa- , ' ' 

.uta.tora 1n an 1rngw:ar. eempletel1 aperiodl.e 11aan:ier. 1he~b~ gnat-17 

incr.adng the reda~o.e to cr;'ptan&l~eie ot cr,ptograaa encipbe1'94 b7 

A bf.l.eic teatura cf tl'.a lnveation it' the \H'OYislon '}f metho41 

and meana tor cont.roll in« the &J:\glllt?" '1eplac ... n'\e of 'ttl• et1\,ati tutioa 
REF ID:A39751 

c~•~ora 'b:; 81..-tricat cir-eut.·h •hl.C'll also 'JM'B• t.broUti;h !'Os•*· 

•~ta:tor•• ~ te:1ter t'Mlt.• •o•'ti'\\\U. b. .etr.ec'- ,11 ~"'ten fel' 

t~ cent:rol tr! ~ ~lt!l'Uc>la caomtna-toral tor •ate or o1"9-w1t7 ... 

•lN'iQ u H•cri'J'itoa. ~~tore pe~tec taia roaeuon of o-

- -

troll inc- 11u.lt•tHut ioll- .-u. ..... will bereiaafter be -~•ignated. •11111>17 . ' ' . 

lnnnUon will.:be deeorile4.. . At thi• po1at. 1' will --~ l'>e taec\1ft8C. 

'\bat the oontNl eOlllldatera lil&J fo-. aD iM.ltpelldett\. ult p)qe!cal~ 

•pa.rttM troa·De a&aUtutt.u o~~a\ors l'u'\ al~trtcall.J unoia'M4 

wt"i. the latter l it te poa~Ull• .• lulwner • to make eae ~d the el!Ul9 fft. 

~'\ai~r-,_ tber• be1i;i,g pro•tted aa.oc1ate4 _Mane deoiped .\o keep the oattrol tunction~ eleetricallJ,._..p&r&te fraa th• ttubet1iution ~~~ •• ; 

•dea of OJ>ftt'&t\oa ot '\he ~ioue forms are expbJ.llltd in tbla fP"if~a. 

tin iii detail eti1"fio1at tor HQr•l!teaaJ.• ~· :t.Ac>ee atillM tn· tlae art. 

The .-nlM&U•n le U.O in "onoectien wftll -~ '°cC0ctJ>1u11i~_d.raw!aag•, 

:rta. l 1• a eobi.aue itt~ ot •• t.ifl!.ple ertbod!men1i ta 

which th•te is abwn- a tt!"n •·-t o'E GOlll!n.~\on fo-f J1trtomiac: n.bltt1 .. 

i.ution. f'allletlone an4 a aee:oU eat ot sOlll9Wha1 '1rr.Ttmtl, eo_.\:ructetl. . 

~ton f'or pertond .. ooatrol runetiOtUt.. ~ wtih the anoe1ated 

oireaUs am 6011'\aottt for prcper a~ra•ioa o! tl\6 e17Ptograpb ; 

fle. I 1 s l'l oober.\A. t 1 ~- d te.grAM of 1;o .n o~ '.•,...'\•~.r• ' 

also 4"1gnG4 tot' :pertomtng coii\rol ·rlUlct ioaa 'but· ill 11~ eaiiil tba• 

'· . 

~ 912 "'°" •" •illllu in eoutruot1n ~o the n.1-tU~ioa ~°"'*"tatora. 1 

' 

... '•__.,:,,_. '" 
·' -

REF ID:A39751 

J1g. : 1• a . .01*.~10 41a«r• or &o•.her •lioc11aent in •Id.oil a· 

·~~· Mt of dauble-1'1• o._.u\~r• ot aowl t'lOJtdtwt'Uon perto.- · 

-.o-. hmtt9a• ot n'Mtf,htlon. and .ooatrol ; 

· lig. 4. abotr• a )4arl'J)tfc.t1" Tin tit one of ~l.l•• Aoulale-rtas 

-fJ«. 9 le a •o._t1e ~u~- ot mct'\her emlaol'flaant ln otah • 

aet of douhle-rlna ---.ta-tor• ie arraage4 •Uh &•ltOOf.at.84 •1to•111C' 

uchani• 10 Rs to pertOftl 'both fW1ct~on• or au'bat1wtica Rn4 control, 

. . Y!i;. 6 le a eohe-!Hlttc 4t8E'l'eia ot it.notber •bodt-.nt IA Whlcll ; • ~ I 

•lagle-r1n& co..._ta\ora aPe .... tor ;'1119 'PV'P;f>H, oae 008111l'\ator 

ltetng & H'fttl"~iag COIS'lnlt"~ ; .... 

ehown. in l'tfr• I. 

. . 

leter~1ng now 1rPec1r1ca111 to Fie". 1,·e1e.ente 4ea!Cnate4 'llJ' 

ti. llllll\er• 1 to •, inaltt.at-... are .. \•fltutton eGlllln:lt~tor• o1 ti.it 

no~ 't1JNI ~retaletOM 4eentMIJ,"· Sft ntch there la a alagle riJll", of twen1i,1• 

afZ~·~ contac11 a Meb rue, t"9 o"ntlt.cta 011 one !no- l)elDf ooaneet.I. . . 

irrtrg\llRrl1 to tbe aont~cto o• tbe o~~er taee. 01111111'Q1l!\.tcw 8 ie ~l•o . ' ' . . 

• au~rllt"1;.Uon oo-.utator, tmt cHttere froa' tlae ether• ta 'itlat aal.,-

ou f~ce Of the oo.inat1'tor 'bears ~ l"iftg flt ~.-C"•• \JMt l.a~ir .... 

., 

,, 

.. 

c 
REF ID:A39751 

8eing intercozmected ir~arl7 in ,.1r8. A c11sr~•n~ enterintf one 

contact or the eingl,~ r1q .r o~Jlt.aat• 1• mere~ oarrie4 ai.ir lta 111-

nla•et oonduc tor to a-. o.~ ..,.tact. froa which U _.,.._. troa . •' 

'\he o-.nato?'. la other worts iH 01lrrtait •ntet"• 'tbe ooaut&tor 

at oaa oo:ntltc\ ancl -1 ... -... it at -..otberi i»D the 1a.me f'&ee of tile' 

c-..Rator. 'lbie 19 a •-.o.tator of ti.e inte nf'ft'J'# to 11.bo..e u a 

. rewr•·~n« 009ftlatate>:r. C.,..-uutor1 '• T a1t.4 e an oontrol coiaauwn 

. . 

ot •bich T and a are •istilar ln prtnelple to 11J.bettn\in C:Ollllnlta- · 

tor• l '\o 4, ex~t ~h~t ~A•J ha1'9 onl7 •ix 'cont&ete lJ19\ea4 at t••n~ 

•1~ 1~ a 1'1Dg on. eaoh fe.ce; co..ut~:to1· 6 i8 a re'fersin« comairtatOJ' 

and 1• alailar in principle to re'fer•in.t ·CHllllM..ta.tor 151t •xcept ih111.t it 

has onl,- aiJ: c.ontaeta in•tnd of tweat,...1%. 

. . 

'the snbetl tut ton. •~ta.tore ate ...-ted _ 11pon ft. ootlllOll •h&f't 

. . 

20 uyxm which th•1 •1 M lJldepead.enUy a:agUarly 4iaplaced stepwi• 

1/2' ot ~ re•olutton. "8tween tix-4 en4 plate 301 ft!l.d bearing plate 

,. 

tut• or conductor• •tt~ta 1 t. 'fH ctC!mll'ta'tor• are Mpara.te& \t tt'D4 

plate•· ID&, et. ~of. a.ad 30I wh1~)1, NaJ. rillp of twe?it1-siJC eontane 

..ita~l.7 41.,•..C tor bridtiDE ~tween an~t•••i"8'1M111Mttatore. 1a or491' 

to ~roT14• for •l•otr1ca1 ocmtinuit1 troa eae c~atoT to ite n~ 

af.Jace•t one. !'h• c.ontae'l• 111 these npN'!LtGr plate• ·ar• lMtll-'Marl11g 

IJl"iJIC ... tac't• Uft'\!Jl.S ftltialmd 'outnrl pre•.U. to tturu.re pod con-

'tM't. !he oaotrol eomana.ta:tore nre aounted upo1:i- the •• ~on cha rt 20 

upon which ine~ •~1 lik .. 1 ... '* .....i~rly displaced at_,-~ 1/6 or a 

Nftlutlon, lletwe"n ftxe4 en4 'Jl&te 304 R.nd 'Ha.ring pla"H ioz. _the 

latter MrYina ..er•17 u a. ntai:•1nc plate. hMJW.l• 3'ot fl.at fl.0 ...... 

t:gna.t. ..,arator• •im11~r in cen,trll.Ctioa and f'UJ1Ci1on' '° .. pa;ra~or• 

• 
REF ID:A39751 

~GI to 301, ncept. '\M.t. t•;eJ haft rln&'t ot 1"1' ti;le OOD'kC't•• lfbe 

Mt.tn o~ the ~ oo•'J"•l ••• a\a tor• 1.t •~r-lDe,. o...U. W1- t 

- en 

MiDC -...i l;\,_ of a rewlv.tioJt tor -.ell o~racter/0·1~--. c.- . ~ )" 

aat&\91' f llreiC Mffd >./I ot a n11>lllt10n pei -.pi.- re'90lu.ti• _ 

of e--.ta\~ •.:.' 8\d c~\a'lor- 6 \tei.as JlO°M4_1/6 of a re1011&\~u )181' 

OOIQll•te. rewolu.'\loa o_r .co~·h1 tor 7. 'l'bls nt of thrft ca AtlJ.1o.11t baa 

a oompl•te peJ."1o4 (retuna to an ini'\ia>.. J>O•tUoa) ~ 216 t tba• la_. 

at\u 216 eharactore ba'M M•• eaeiphend or tleiptaeret t~ oomate.ton 

tetu.!9 t• 'hei.1' i•ltial rel&.-ti't4t rotP.tor;J joeltt•••· 'nle aee.ua t117 

mo•1nc \bcu comntatore •ill 1te descrlff4 'J)r•MnU7. · !be ·uaaeral• 

'• 10. 11. 12. and ii «••lg.Date ~~·~.here ten.eC .... ~e~ti9'1 ..... 

•-.U'- •l_,.r Meil•"•• wJltch wheo •eJWiHd, 4e\era1• wblcb flt 

. . 

~· ~•Ututtoa •c:madswr• 1,, z. 3, 4 &tJ4 e ~re aagu!A-rl7 dit"-plaotut, . . 

. . 

•1th• b)' aeting 41reot11 on the c~:t.&_tore •r bJ nleaalng Ml aetua,._ 

t..,-.-bant• whidla aote direeti, oa ~e o~tatori. -ral,e 14' _. . . 

, ....... 

lurpa or ~1• for .,_r.tbw a )r11ttinc aeaanh•• •UOh ia410aUJC 

.. -.1aea 'being ~11 uO.a ta the an~ lae>l 1~1oat~ 4••1• ~·}Hm4• 

to a l•t:ter ot the lltcltth a.lpb&liet. i..rat• 11 ui4 lt cleatpaw ,.. 

et a ••\ ot wnt,._.ix •iel...,pol•• cloa~le-tllnw •Uoh i.t•r• OJ19raW 

'!'he •1bos.r6 it alto Pf'O'f'idd Wit\ 

t.,' 

a 111111 urn). 'k.r. "· wJdch control• •1 \cllil le~l" lf •. the tanat ,, ... Ot wh1°\-1 

•~ ll H a•e•ribet l•••r. and lt •ho control• nit.la l•ftr llY aa4 coataet 

~. wbich control .-gaet 31, t"- latter ••r•ill« 'o dia)tlaca OClilllllll,_~ I 

om n•J 19r ctepreaeton of uq k• ot tJle kt7...,...___ 'Iha o~i- a· 

t ' . '. ...... 

. ', 

\, \_ \. 

\ 
REF ID:A39751 

. ' . 

_...n u. ti. latter •r•1ng to 4lll!'l'M9 ..__Vi.tu T en• step . 

pel" 6 depreesl<m• of 01• oa th• h1\Gar4• . W-. e<*mttA'\or 'f 

'°• th6 _latter Hr•ing- to dt#l)lar.• ~omutMOI' t. oms step. per t;rent,-aia 

MpHH10llif Of "le D,18 ot the ke1-bl.al'd·. Ocmtaote 32 and ~ .,..._.-Of*Rt-' 

e4 \,1 T•llM"t -on eprtng lMr•. lf1Mt• J:'Ol1•J>• non.111 r14•. apon \la 

- ' 

periplleri•• ot -o-.tator• ·' and •• 'but at • mtatn JH>1nt on el\e)l eo.iautor 

' . ' 

there 1• A t~a."ftll"tlll •lot ~h1oh allow• '\be roller to 41WP 91Lft1o1tn\lJ' 

"o •loae the coJ'ltact ooace~. Of C01U' ... the.• t~ ~--.tatore 

oou.14 l\e dltrnlac8' sneehanie.•11.,J. l»J' Mana 1tf ntehe\• ..._ ~le ant 

tUrect control trora the ai•erpl bl9.r ot UHi ltqltoard. f'o · 1h• rt&flt 

ln 11.s. l ia ahown an end Jdh •l••ttu at tu .. encl plflt• W. wh1•1t. 

. ' 

a4Jo1n• eoni?'Ol c..-'1itol" I on the •xlt taee et the •--.ta.tor. !M 

whole Uae• 1b01t \he colldllot.on l•a4litg U.., tn. 'lM •lx coab.ct_• on ti. 

'l'lP' •lde ot the end plat. IOI: the doti.a u.-. ..,_ tlMt CQnt.1te"4a~• 

l9a41JJA" h• 1h4 l•t• 91d• Of .... Jlat4t 2506 i..O: -~-btol' 8. ' ~ 

••tac .. ,..n1ruar Nte...m.ee '- ~tf;. -1 ... ttb a .1 .. 

to gi dng a e-..l•'• 6eecrtptton of the aoU• ot '\llia tora ot th• ta.-.. 

'\ion, the ••qu.noe ot eftJai'b wh$.cb tru.apire. «vrlag the eaei~nt ot 

\he pl•tn-•n lnter• •111 \18 l'elated tn detaU. 1• otdal' '• ac.tpha• 

a •s-ce, 11 1• n.eo•••17 ttrat io llO\mt ·the ~tfltor1f 1IPOll 'he a.rt 

a"ordtne- to e-c11ae prearZ'&llg94 order, tt being onioua tn,.:\ co-'olll.t.,.. 

10 

: 
REF ID:A39751 

1. 2, ~i. aM. 4 _, ... tnteroba:Jt8M ls poaitioa DOhi! theaeel ..... u4, 

comnutator• 7 and t •i: lMt 1n·e~1 oommtf\tor• 6 and. 6 ... t 

and oaruaot be nplAe-84 01 tlle other eOlillllt"tor• or lQ' ~ other. 

Ne:rl it l• •cse•eaey to align the HYer.i eo..u~" wn. •• regf\1'49 

their rel&tiT• zotai017 P')•itiona ltpOA tbe abatt. .oool"4irag te a preanu .. cf 1i:e1·. U1er ldl '\i.,J.• a. 'Men ace1011pl11he4. •1• J)OMr •it.ob 

· S6 1• oleeed. •tttua up a eiteul" u t•u-.. s l'rom l!latteq 1' to ci0ff4 

•1'oll 16. oonductor et.,. oentl'l.Ct l~.er _1~. al,oee4 ~ontaot 2J.. conductor 

t6. eoinaot 2' on th•. ttn4 •Del plate 304, into-. thro~,, u'4 out ot 

the -.OA'trol ....-•tor llait Yia th* route thJ'o~ a. 310, 't;- S09., 

'• zot, T, s10. e ae Sllll1eat•4_to_oon~\·28, \beDoe alaag condwster 

S8 \o aeleo4'or llAP•t' 10, oonduo'tor •3 and -llact- to •U•J'7 l'• When ....... 

10 1• -.an'\ar1l..7 •M:rg1"'4 it CA.H• 1"J.l)etitllt1ta COINl!Utif\'tor 4 to Mi 

4hpland aacu1ar1,. 'h1'0U«h l/!6\11 ot a reTOlutl~~ ne -.hiM 1• .... 

"641 tor enoiplterlng. It the l•tter A 1• to ie· ._ipbeNd. the kjz 

oor1 .. ·•!'."oad1JJ« thereto ta de'pN•~· Ai '\h• bet;iaalC .t U• ~ownwftr4 _ 

.b'a'Ml the uni't'etHl baJ' 4t .cauait• ocJ111tac1 leWr' l? \e mmw -z troa _ . . 

'batier·1 ll &"long coadllCior 23 to el~ffd contfto.t 22. oon"'1ct l••~ 18 an4 

ooa4mtor u '\Q. a eontaot n 1J'l erld plat. soi_ ... l.0.••· lnt-o .Watt tuiua 

oomuta tor l• tbr~h the oo.n.tatora and NPf\rWttOI'» l. 106,. 2~ 10... J~ 30'1 • 

ll 
REF ID:A39751 

11'4le•tinB «e•ie• lf,, wb.1ch in thb 4r•ing eer~spoab \o tu letter 

Q,, •on4uc\or .U, u4 be.ck to ba\\~ry 16. A' the en4 o( ti. •~rl 

11ra'1'el ot '\he un1•er-.t bar 4', th• la.tier mtt• Wit.eh le'Mr llT 

•nd ClOHI c<>atsct U• M1Hnt&ril7 cl•tiJJI; "':.he ctrtnlit for eaerglsbC 

~et ~l. !hie cauvee ~oatrol ~OllVl!jta.\or ~ to 0. "1Jl&Ularl7 dh1Jlaoe4 

~bro'G@b 1/6 of a re'fOhtUen. l':Mn k•7 A ia r•l•M4. tbe un1:ffral bar 

lewr lT re'ilo.'n9 to cont.c' 21. reeatantehing \be •1.11crru:\ h'oa •'\•1 1.6. 

•1"°11, H.- le"YV lf,. eoirt~ !l. eond.11.etor 26 w na."'°" 2'1' of fl.set •ai. 

pl&"t$ so. .. _ ~ to ,,_ a.ncuJ.ar dieplaceMnt -or coaU-01 ~t."\or 8 U. 

ourreat •ill .,. ttaftrtt a new ~~ 1.ll:rough. ti. e~ntrol .nit and M.ot to 

aoae other eontact et e4 pl&te SM tl"Oll whenoe it -,.. .. a through one of 

\he selector -.g:net• ! - 11,. to bt\11t.~q 16. on."Wt~111C one c1 tma "SU\eiitu'\iOtt 

c~\ore to 'M tlisplaoe4,. alld thlu1 pro'f14ing a naw ·at.stUution alph&Mt 

The ~iJdM!ring operation o! \hie •chiM 1e tl!ie Sf\mt a9 t"M 

enc~phering ope~atioa, ~ eacipllering-4eCtplle~i~ ;relationahip being '7 

I 

nate& re61procal. Ia M'tttac the MChi• t'or- 4-eiplt.er1».g., '\he .... -,r~ 

'" 

edura. 1• !ellowecl as ror eaoi)bieriiic ; that . .1•·· 'the OO..U.tlft.tOl"a an 

&.rl'U@•41 u.d: -a.U.P'84-a.t tu 'bnoh -~ a.o:oot"4tng to tt.e praar-r&Dpd ke7 

' ' 

and -~ch S 18 cl•••. whel9tll'• nl>ni tu'\iu c..ma-tor -& is .,.iu17 

tt.,lf'o-4 &a bere1~1terere 4•$0ri~e4. '1'be k•J _corre•poa4.inc to the cipher 

let'~ Q. 1• &epr••Hd, u1:e:b e&1lH8 eontaot l••ei lt to br8U ooatae\ -~ 1 (i I I ' 

/~ i . ; 

I 

ll 

.f;1 

"' / 
1),i 

/ 

'r 

/ I 

I ('· 

I 

f', 

, /'1 .' } 

I K I . 

I 

REF ID:A39751 

l" a~ ,., fl!\d to anb eoataci ai U causi-. """'8t to- tlmr rn• atteq i \ 

j( 16 th~ eofttti:aetor .ia.11 "el&Md. eon'tact u-. e..-Ot l.~wr l9 ta4 

I 

,ri o~n4uet-0r 25 to •oCl'tM't ~ op ed 'pl~t• ~1 ot the nbstitu.U• ,'1 'i 

' , 

' - ; 

eOmn.V.toz- -.it. 'fhe ~nfa"t -p&aMs 1Jlto arul thro'Wb \he latt.ef' •l•m.r 

on* path and l'•tutn9 aloogo an.other patb &. d.e•cri~ lie.ton t n ttlUrf:e• 

at oOIRact 29 on eDd pla'te Jal •nd flow .alone eondi.:c'\er 2' te contfl.C'\ 

lew,r 11, cl ... 4 cont.et "• to 1n4ie&ting '1••1cie 15,. · wbte!t cornns'pcnda 

w U~e le\ter A. '1lte un1Yt:r-s&l b&r .w.. 8f18l'&W4 ~ tU de»reu1oa of tile 

l:q "orreepontH~ to the lett~r ·Q elo•-·• oont«et 46 at the _.·of Ua 

lceJ o0rJ'C8JOM1~ '*o the l•iter Q b released,. tllie lmiYersai Mr 46 

retll1"111J to 1 ta nO'l'Ul poei'Uoll, cau•il¥ eontaet le-.er. lY -,. reutal>ltsh 

contact at. !l '\Jl.ere'd.poa CSH.iitB a n.b1Utatton. co.autl!tol' to .o• .terwar4f 

•• deweribff.. 

I:a Pig. l tbe control eO!lm'G.ia'tor~ wen proYldd 'irl '\h r lngs ot wt 

•is cGnt.e't surfao•• oil -eaola face, whereu ae eu"bstUuiioa. .o.m.-ta'te:r• 

were fr0Tide4 with r111rgS ot W..t}'-elx eontaet aurfa#ea. There ie,. how...,.r. 

JtO reaerio.n •bJ' the eubati'.u\ion. t.D4 the coni"l ~tators •hetdd not be 

14ent1oal 1n thi• r9glU"4~ ~bu• pro•idir.,g for·tia.~r Interabange&'1~~ an« 

crea:U7 increadng '\M ke,yiag JO•dbilittee or tbe VJ'P~ph • 

. , eomimutora 6,. '·· e now ~••r rings or twent:r••Js .ccm.tut• 11u1tea4 et 

v 
REF ID:A39751 

. '. 

. - rf..ng-e of O'll).7 lb OOD't-OW• Contact Cf ..._,&ln:1 a •1~e CQfl~\ fo.-

'\he utranoe or tb• ctur~A'\ bto the. ca:~•l e~\dors i ... nq 

W.U1-1"."t1:we oor.te.c'\e a •n4 plate 304 f()t' the. eM:r~ Qf 'the ~wt 

tr• 1ohe · co.atrol •OMtt'tatoi-•. !li•R_ t•aot,...t1'ff eon-..cte a.re ..._ 

J41-". iii tift ..... Gt' tiw aoatute •&eb., \o the n~ COKb.C~On-

~r gl'Q'bpiiag• la ;Yeepect -.o 'tbe *-"-n 

' ' 

-- . -

ar.d ·1q.uUU•• ot e-~ac1.e co-.neti~utiq.g a.ell ~r th~ nu ~oap• at 

.._.,. ]freferabl.e, or thi• •1 be nbJeet •o •e1ati~a. aoc1>r4iag _ t.• ., k•t• 

. . ~ .• 

l£e7:log 1•P'lJ.t1i•e •11tc:Jr will_ JM>t H«ln to repMt '88\il COJJt~l_ -~~tatoc' 

f-U• .;.~ • oonrplet• r~l11.t~~· or aft-.~ • x 26 x !6 : _lf.S?' 

. 4-p:rent.._. or 'tbe o:h'et•al b.r. · co.rr4iitno1W.Hng to th• encitlNnMKl't -

of< .x&otl7 lT.!?6 le\t•~• ot Pl•in-t•~t. ~ to the irr•l'.'Al•r JUllU'l•r 

in •b.lcb Uae intena&l co~Uona •f' tae~coa1.rol co1n11.h.tor. -an -4•, _ 

'Ute •l>di\utJ.01t c-.a~t•-•ili' T ' 'be -tWK u'· roiata thro=\tch -', ~ ~ 

. - . ancl•_•. 8IJ 'ijat •h•n tbtr ~ e~le· of ~ oo•trol c~'\a.~ ,.1\ . . . 

1• ~- -.~• al~t 9t--. ..b.iw.\itutin 11:.m.rta-k.rs .. ui ~ifta tna 

_ 1-Y 1&Ulal. •ll.-._-11 4•· a ~..iq~nes •.t ~is isa al~ t¥t ihe 

e-11~1 tutt<a ~a'Ctt• ~ palod ·or 'the ...-nee 'or MlecJ101t of · 

' -

nb•UntJbl>_ &l.)IMM'P •u:i ... cteat•T tlwl 17.,676 D.J SOM al'1Jti• -. ' - . 

o-t '\1-\ ~er, da°MD'1lfC; .,._ '\'.ll• 'W1rbg •1" 'lhf._ erie OODU'ol OOMmllta'•• . -

~n4 tb• ltliMer in wbtc1l}" cantac1t ct-~ >I•~ 104 are <:.ouectad :to 

*· •leo,.kor ~ts. ~1• ~t.ih.tion pci~lo4 ~· ~u.!.t0!'.'8', ~· ot tre-

..Wft• l~.' 

14 

' '•. 
REF ID:A39751 

~h•en this fora Al\4 \!;la tirn 4eecrt bed tom 11n u tlw! utlllnUoa 

'\U\U a.nd ~• ,. coatr-cl ~oa.atAM>r unit. th• _'l•o t'ueUona beinp,' pertol'SM 

~ 1114epender.t,, conee:,rie riJtC• Ot con'b.eu bone • the nae e-.a.tdore. 

~.n :Ptg •. " tMre 19 •'bc>wa & •id• ~1• or. OBe sue~ ~tator. Ia thi• ' ,-

11'41catff. ._7 ll'Gaeral a a.re shown. w,'1 a eoncentria 1.naor ring al•o of 

\1Na.t7-sl% eqnto. \stant con~h of whicb only a.lz litdioAted 'Q nwal -- , ~ 

•t are shown. 'l1te eoata•t• 48 ot "the CMter ring ou o-m fa.ce M'S i~.ar17 

on the other face. 8illilarl7 the con1~•· 49 or ·the inner ring on one t.ea 

are inep.la.rl1 connected ls7_ iun.l-..te4 c~ductora lE-~ '\o the· o-on~ota 14.9 

ol Uw iuer ring 011 the o\her t:tM £>f the c-...\a'\-or. Th• tw-0 riag• 

are \lleref~!'tl entirely 1ad•tert4-nt or e~eh other. tho'QCb taa7 a~e both 

earrie4. on the el'lme oomttttflto~. CnOOft' r, '\ora of thit tn>• will herein!llfttr 

15 

~,,, 
REF ID:A39751 

. . tile separRtor1 ao :'hat ,.autw •leo\Moal caatact ma~ be llfl.cle bet-. 

adJoiniag OOlM'lltatore and •pa.raton and l••• .-mtator 101 aa4 

•d. plate 2101.. J.. •14• •leTAtion of en4 p1-te ZOl lB d&J>iCWd n.t the 

left in Pi£ure s. showing the connectiou lte-.en the contAote thereoa 

and the eeleator ...-..- t. io. 11. 12. a .. 13. '!M dotted line t:tlrOllgb 

the c.-u,t,.:tore 101 to 10! 1ad.loate~ ihl path ot the O'U.l"ND\ througll 

- the !rm.el' r1~ o~ contaeta whll• the oonti:auou llae •i"k• tbe J>a'\b 

thr~b the onter r1ng- o~ oon'\M°'*• 

!he seq'\18nce Qf ewnta du.:riug t!Je enciphormcnt of R letter 

la aa :f'ellowt a When Min twi'tch 36 iB closed, Rt the commen.c911lent or 

epera.ti~,. a ctreu1't ii •t vp a• foll•• a ;'J'Qa bntte1')- 16 tliro\1£)1 

oJ.o••d •in ftitoh ss. eond\la"r 51• Mntaot leffr 11. closed contn.ct 

a1. eo:atmtv n. !lmer-rina contact 127 o~ end plate 301. into Ccml\lt,.tM"s 

101 to 101 ancl ou'\ of ti.. aloJW ~okan-lln8 pa th to anothd:r 1mwr-rll'.IC 

o.•taot 128 Of en4 plate ZOl• thenoe alOJW OOD41:14tor ~S, '\hrO-ucll Mlector 

· -.gut 10-, aloiag eoati110\oi- 41, 'back to \la.'t•17 16. lrben. eelec\er mgnet 

10 ie JL011.eat~rll) energised it eR1111•• co1111ut~tor lO'v to 'be angulftrlJ 

tl8)>laced 1/26 ar ·• re1'olu:tioa, tlma ntting =tp a path thro'Qlll \be oo..u-... 

tort fer ttft('!lphel'i~ the tir•t le\~•~. A7 letter A. ~ ke7 A 1.e depua-

•d, u1wr'9Al 'Ml' U 1• caused to ~ft downward,. ao•ing ~ontae' l•wr 11 

••J' frma contu'\ 21 M4 "llawllf« avren-. to pue tr• ltAtw17 11 ~leas 

eonduotor 23• thrn'Uf"h oloee4 contact 22, contac\ le-.er 11. con~'lM" u. 

outer-'l"iJ'IC con.tA.c'\ 29 ot end plate 301, into the 009mu1iore t>troi;rgh whlah 

lt follo.1 the conttnuotts line A.n4 returns ..-1a outer-rlng contact ~O or and 

., 

plate 301• oonductor 2f, co~tact lever 19, closed ocm.taet 47 to 1n41n~t1ng 

11 

- -' 
' 

,' 

./ 

. 

/ 

REF ID:A39751 

ltreaka oontact at 22, a.t tbe -• time allowlac Qlllwreal 'bar U '\o ' . 

nol'lllR.l po•ltton cont-c\ it 1• cloeed ~iabll•bing • o1rcult tnr.uc» tbe 

lnu11-rl11g COJltac-t• ot 1.he ea.nitator.. a.it c--.utator 104. ne•trl« '"8 

4iepls.ced o.n aaU~l.7 .-.Pill thl"OV«h tM •-.atator• 1• now &'9.il---

for ._.l}>berirw tblt l•tur '• if lt 1• «.gain '\• M ce11~. 

fte U.1pHNent ~ '\M l•t-ter- Q tlillea plan ta • ....i.-

_... -.mte!'. lfbe'-.obt• bt.•1DC..,... tent._ the a,. \be ol••lne •I 

•.S.• -1 toll K a• lief ore oau ... a eunent to tlw throa,gh one ot tile 

I ' 

~1'-l'ing coa.U.Cta 'to Ml•tor •"8tl•t 10, aoTl._ co.1G:t~tor 10$ one f 

, 'at.P forward. Depre~•1on of ke1 ~ eet~bl1•h•• a e1rc~it a~ follow• : 

'f:a.._.. line into, thl'O'llgb aD4 back th~ the o...atawr•, .-.nf!S2wtat 

01Rer-r1ng oontaet 29 • conctuctor 24. ·c•""'" lewz> 11. cloe•d c.on~ 

...._ to ltAtter7 li. lihft by ' it releaMd., uaiWrPl N.r 4' retune te 

i ti nona&l poai tton and apiA • ainul t 1• ••tsbli """ l:taroueh the bmft!irlng oontacte ot the oomnru.ta.tor.a. la' 11.aoe -.'ts.tor lOI ha• been dtepl.e.t.. 

a _. Jll\h 18 now &"Yaila'bl• tor acipharing the l••ter Q lf the Q. ke7 1• a~le 

4•1>H•n4. 

'11• J>el"iod. ot the f:eq11ence of a.l.ph~ibet a•leettoa pretuae&I bJ tllia 

anangeman' fl w.rlable and -Will depeDll ll:poft four "fBJ"iAl)le f .. ,Or8. llBllllJ 

(lJ the. wiriiig or t.h• ienctr !'lnj;.t of eont&C'te or th• 4cuble-rlr.g eo-h tor•1 

17 
REF ID:A39751 

(2) the hori~ontal penmiatio~ ot '\hese eomuttatore on the sbatt ; 

(31 '\he aligmaent ot the oe.mu.tat\Or• and (.ft) · tbe ~r in which the 

inner ring o! aontacts on and plate 301 are connected to the selector 

magnets. 

ln Jig. 8 'the inTention a.s regards double-ring COll!RUU!tora 

to per~ol'll substitution and control tunctions is embodied in a e17Ptograpll ot the !ir11t categor'7 as ltria.fly de8cribed tn general teri .. in the 

tlrst part ot tbia specification. It will be recalled that in er;rptograplla 

ot tbie categor1~ there &re '\wo el\(l plates or i~entical construction and a 

r•Tersing ewitch which, when.$et in the eneiphe-ring posi~ion, cODJl8ote the 

switches ot the k•7-board to the eonta.c'\e of one of' tbe end plates, ea7 · 

the right-and-plate. and the indicating deTicea •re connected to the contaet• 

of the other end plste, say the lef~end plate ; whil~ when set i~ the deoiphering poeitton, the re'fersing switoh re'ferses the order of connections 

'bebeen tbe switches O't the ke7board1 contaots ot tbe end plate11, &nd tbs 

indiC&tint deTices, DO tb&t tbe keybo~rd mritehea are ttOW COJllleoted to the 

left-end plate &nd the indicating deTiC•• are. conneete.d to the right end 

plate. 

Accordtngl7 in Fig. S \here is sholl!l a ketboard 52, a 

bank of illdicating deTice• 53, a lett end plate 301, a right end plate $02, 

. . and a reTersing switch 54, toge~her with other parte homologoua to thoae'shown 

in t:be preceding figures. Onl7 certain ot the ke1• ~t the ke7board and 

certain of the ind~cating de~i~•• of the bank or indicating device• are 

shown in circuit relationship, it being understood"that the remaining key• 

and indieati'og devieee are ooimected 1n homologous me.nner. 

18 
REF ID:A39751 

u.-.1atc' tbat ~. ~ ie te ·~ 099n'84 to• enot~ ' - -

tile ft1 toh Df, 1• ... to aeltMrtB£ J"t'tl•.. wllleh ar~• tor 11iiraatt - - -

coet~u1t, ~one ~M oonU.n.oua U•• I' w M •. 'fU •1n Mri.tei. .. f...i 

aow clo-.4 llllt • cll'OUii 1• ••tabli•bad. a• follow• 1 i.:•ter7 16. ........ · 

-1'* •. 01_anmtor u. atwreal ._._ .. ueh l••l' ~'· e-lOIMNI OiHI~ 21. 

cendne'\or 26. inner-rlnc ooc'\act l~' o~ l'ipt end. \)la~ 902, thn .... 

- '- . -

,. ~tor uaJ.'\• u ina4tr-rl• ooa\aet 111 of lei" at plale *• 

...._tors. eeleo"to!' ...,.t io. eond.'QOtor U lNIU to "ba'\ter, 16. 0.-

--

wata~r 104 1• aBglllarl,J 4i•plac.4 one •~•••· hJ A ta 120'lf apn~. 

ft9 •lNMl\ t~l'0\1Ch ti\• taMr-riJ?C ot oonV.O'- ot '\lie •~takn b MW 

--.._.. aa ual 'Rre&l ~ M llr\IJaka 'Uae _.,._.'\ a\ ll. .U. tl!l• .... '1• a 

•1nau 1• ••talQ1ah6d tllrftch Mae ouur4ittC ot eoatan-• ot _the ca.--

au\aton •• follow-• • Jatqr7 1611 oloHC\ .-tteb- ~'· ca4•tor H 11 oontaet . . 

lne .. 11 opers te4 lt7 U, A. eloee« oaa~ aa.. conhno• M,. 'tbrncb 

~ NWl"'llJaliC ntiab M tUong eonductor M. oontuetor 2Zf.. o•t•r-r1nc 

•ntact 19 o~ rleh' •11111 plaie $02• into an4 WI~ ---tatora 1~. lM. 103, . ~ ·- J ' r , ioa. io1. ~ta \betr out.rc..rine ooa~•. an ouwr-rlas -.ontac'- 22t •t i.n 

ta« plau =c>l, 01:>al.mtor 241 u ibe r•"-n1AC •1'l~b 5' throlii!h 'be·tat•r 

&lo• conduo~ol' 68• iheaee alOll« a01thetor ~. indicating 4edee l~ .. eorrespon41ng to t ·•e letter _Q. conductor 4$ to 1*t ier7 16. ?httn ke~ A ta - , 

nleue4, ul .,e-r.al 1'Ar 4.fr Nhrne to 1 t• ao~l po ri t ton, M4let&ld.111btng 

eoauct at 21. Acal• a cntrnn\ n.•• t.u-o.p-· the tmaer rinfr oontao'ta of 

th• cu .. atatera, •ri'tertiw e.t oont~t a ht ~ -J"l'in« &t .,.__ oonts.et 

·~-!' tban 129 Oil left en4 plftte soi. ·~ ••r•w~ 106 -· .... 41.e- , ' 

'Placed. A .elector- 1111gnet 1a-·•n•rgtse4,. and a _lift JM'~ h- eet • tor the 

,. ..... of ,..._ ._t UOi:»A•rl»g- current· i,t .& . l • ap.i.a 4epn ...... 

_.../ 

lt 
REF ID:A39751 

la order to ettee' ctMlpunaent. -~- _,.W?'f!Uttr swUcb M tlari 

"- .-ri for •a 11.ecip)Mn'lnl' f'mll*\ioa. 'lhl• onee• tit• J*tli• t.hT~ "-

Nffl'•ing· nuch 54 to t•llow alug the 4o,te4 line.• l!'9tea4 .r &leg '\be 

ooani-.ou lines. 'l'Jae opention 1-'diatelJ' ........ , to •1••c •la 

•tt.4 36 1• now nact~. ii. ~e se be.tore. when \he enc1,,i.eYa9at' iot letter 

·A -.. ueori"Oed. 'l'hh t• "Moauae the cinniU• to. the ttel•W, ..,...,. &n 

_...,.:lat.4 with '\he inner-ring oon\ao'i• ot Uut •-tatore •. ..a tu.;. ---

t..U .,... not eoaneo, ... to •n1 ot the ooia.uet• la tla• rew:rehg ~ltoll s.. 

Ila 'lbe fir•~ e•ipherb• operation.• -U. letter A •• •nc1pbere4 "7 Cle' 

lfJM 4eo1pbement of (( will uw le tollowi4. JMpr•••in« 1:be fl t91 eaus .. 

.. 1wrl&l •r 4r4 to ~...- \he crlrcuU •t 21. ae ltefon. ltl&'\ ,.. •'-tl'tut1on 

•lrnlt 1• now partb 4ttterent .hoa wi..t it~ wbea t-1 A -~ ttipneMl ia 

eno1pller..At. !be clrcult la a~ ae foll01r1 1 -..tteey li-. cl...JI w1tcb. ~6, 

- . 

oonhator 23. eontMt l•wr lt. 010H4 eontan .a, 01'nductor a. '\hl"0'1rlb 

ftWHlf2« niteb 6" tUOllig' dot~ .,&tit 251• ...... Wr 2:ft'. O'O.tu ritW eoata.ot 

. . 

ut of l•t\ end '1>la~ io1. tbr0\1frb the nter-rllllS ecmtric\a ot "'9 ••a1&t.OI'• 

to rm ou'\er rlne conuct it of rls)tt •• ~la.i.e I029 - oonduotor_ *• t~ 

••r•llW awitoll && a.tuc 6otte4 ]Ml.th ea •. eoatan• ue. 1.a1u11ng U•l•• 

A. •oaclult\or "'• to 'ie.iWJ7 16. !>ma Q in· citMr- :1•1.U A. 1• pi.ta' laapage. ' . 

.& t1tth -\odtmlft •f the il1ffntion •tUitn •1D«te-:rite COl&lutatora ' . 

to ~rft "Mill u n'ba'lituUoa oo~tol'• aa4 ~tnl COllll!llL'iatoft 19 ._ .. of 

a~ .. t\e~ of twent¥-~iz.coatacte 1nserte4 ill t)le atl'C1l1t• ~ti.. 

ti on. 

\, ;>' 
REF ID:A39751 

Jl&Yinf.' .ao"' PArtio'..&lar retenDDe ~ :rscue a, •1th ti. .,...,10a 

ot tbe pftf n! te!a &Ad Nlfl\i'• whiu will lie 4Merilie4 pftffn\lJ'. the 

1• .... 17 a deTiOe tor lt.,-lJIC ou cc:aple1Ja a9't ot t"'11ty-siX cont.ta 

•i'llilllt~oul7 amt flt the _.,..,. ti• l\Uine ao~h~r !!'Gt- ot 'tw&"lt.)'-•tx 

oo.-uc·h at·'l'Ql taneoudJ• It 1e operated lJy ~t 83 an4 .•11aoc!atel. 

. . rela71h '1MI ... tn ot "1118 ·rom of tbe 1nWAt1on itf •• tollQa t H 

tb• b•trinniug or o-pera~iou~ •ucb 36 1• elon4, Mtting ut •t:s:-a...1t• 

tbroqla rel...,. 111 ... 11". ., tollowa ' lla'Mei7 16. eond•tora n. 

111. ewt'\ch le._ 1'1. elo.4 contact 112. 001'JW.1:or 112. nl•J9- ~l~ &a4 

lit• c=onclwotor 12'. te )&tte17 16• Bel&J• ll:S &1.14 114 aN ·eur&"1H4• 

eau•iJi« a.rr.tiares 80 Ul4 108 to ••t'l.bli•h conttz.~t at 81 tmO- 10!11 r••-

p-.Uft17. ·J;r _... or a aectaaaical loell:t1111 U'l'UC8Jl8:ct. on.n armatlJZ• 

80 laa• ll• atbac'-4 -.., rela1 11! t1Je ooaact u'8blhhe4 a"\ 8l ta looUcl 

utll nleaMtl ).1 ~ act.1.oa:a of nlq 68 a •imUar.Q' when anaatare 109 ~ . -

relai 116 h&tl lleeii -loc.bi in'o c~ntact poa1Uo:o. At 109• it st.ll78 lootR . . . . 

•tll rela7 110 1• ~11ec1. C~H.qwt;itl.J'. al't.ho11gh con.tee\ '12 wst 

' 

k e10N4 Ill i>rder \o enhbUeb c0111aet •i 81 and 109• after 'be lathr 

coatac'9 m• 'bMQ. ee"&JoltliMed tJMtJ wlll ntislu 10 e•en. 1t cont.ct V2 la ~ I ~ I 

- bar 4fr oa-un oo.at•t le•r l"J_ to Mk• cQa•~.~t~il ctJD't.ooi. .:u,. eet.'tbc 

"l> the t•llG•1n& c1N'l:llt; fJ'0&.1 rJ\l1U'H .ot _poo. r 16 throUt1}", c'~nd'uatera •• '-

loi=kecl l•wr-80 of nla7 11.S to ooataot 81, 'Qenoa ~h~ conductor SI 

' . . . ·~.. ,,. 

t .••. 
·~. 

REF ID:A39751 < t ••I • ..,'J 

I - • • 'I 

tlu•ougl cac-•J'toll mpet n and ~ua.-. lli-. .lM 1-ck to ..uc• ot I I • .. 

Po.el' lf~- W}:w.a .....--nUeb ~~ ~ ~• . .urctat. 8*at'1n '91 1• 

a"ir\rttiCte4• e~ui.Qc ........ t'tcb e w 41~ a l_._ _., ot ~~nz 

e08Wl~'e- aa.4 to ensaae aa \111'!,ViC •1; Of ~t1.:'41X eoatacrtt~. arttoh. 

l•ffl'9 sa. l&a. 288. ~88.' 48l' •n~ fel. nre fi'fe ot 'th• ... of '9ea'Q-•1X 

•1'\ft le'W'.wa DOnt:rollMl. bJ ~- ·ftlta &&; ._talsM: to. 1'0• 290., B011 

4'Q M4 690 &1'9 fi w or ibe m or .-.v-nx l••r ooat-.ak aMnllJll& · 

._, t?le nttch l•'t'd'& or 1:tae ~ .. 1-.• ·a&. coiitao-u e1. 191. n1. S.. _ 

fell ••4 591 U'if fiw at~-~ ot ""'1t1-•ilr 11Pf8'1" eonu~• ..-ral.1.t 

\Jf th• ewtteh 1 .. v•r• of tbe ~ •l~h 85. !ieferl'tJ"jg to e~»~o'\• 11 ad 

ltl. whlch lM• Men clffe4 \ty ••rct•t.- p.ng•n.1 '8 tD8Det tJ at~ lM>1.•4 

> 

•bo'"• tbae .i• •• '1P • oi1"0\l1t u ,..11•• i ~ '•uroa ot pw.J. 16 

'b"11P cClil4uat,or 21 =to o10ae4 oontao't U, (_ . tM t•1 A atU.-1 'beic 

ee..-•ff4 ) tlaroup oo•tan l•ff'I' lt _. o-~tow 111 to :,108" ••ta.ct 

91. 'tare..- oo•'hiin l••r "• ucl co-4Uete• 'If io a ooakct' It oo .at . - -

0. - 01 u3•"°0t' -1 ·.t • •. n ... r• :_,. r.o~te.tot-1 and ~ ·.an!'on. the ~r'NJ!t 

.... ~•Clt tln'O'Qgla ti• ..._,.,01" .... ~ 5,. sot, ... SM., -, .. SO&, 

- . 1. 308, 1, allll: returns to -..'! plate IOl, ·~- •t ~tut 90 • •mt 

pl&M 2011 '~ 9J.Olll •odllo~ M - Hntact l•"teZ' JM .. it! elfl.d 

_ooirtact ltl. t•cmgJa. •Utl~to'l' t3._ eenu.t te.,•r !", oloaed ~ontac.~ -42 

al.ac oon41actor l&l,. t. 18'1loat1ner de'flee lfl._ "ben• a10-. OGaduotor 4S f .,, • 

Wlau 1n4tca•ti-- u ... 1oa 14 1• eurgt.sH. a tnae-~ sl ca~ 

'7 llUa• no\ eaown to ·Fint tJMt leH•r <il, "wb1d 1• the C1p1Mtr ectu14fa.ln\ . . 

21 

.. 
REF ID:A39751 

pt the pl&in-tex~ letter A. When rela1 magnet 68 is energi•e4• 

.ontac' lever 80 disengages oonta.ci Bl an4 engage• con1iact.100 • 

. 4eenergi1ing fJ•i tch control ~et es. and allowine gang ni tc'h 

85 to ditengace the liP'81' eat of iwent7-•iz con.ta.eta, ..Ong which are . . 

eewtac'\a 91 ad. 191·, and. engage the lower ••t o~ twent1-11x eon.tact•. · 

among which ar• tQ and 190. 'fhl• eet1 up a circuit a.1 .fallow• 1 

bat~el')" 16, co:ndue1io~1 2$ ant llJ, . un1,-.er11&l•bar con'tact lever 1"1 • 

-•loaed contact 21, co~~uc1ior 79 1 contact lever 80, contact 100, 

·conductor 1221 eeleC'tor magllet 131 con~uctor 106, close~ contact 

190, c.onta.ct lewr 188, c~a~or·.94, cont-.et 80 on ed.. 9late SOl, 

~o,. througb and back througb' comm.ti.tor• l to ~. cmtact ·u, condv"tof' 76, 

contact lever se, eloee~ c;pntaet 90-, con~llCtor 107, •ontaot leT8r 108, 

closed eo'"act ~09, nla)' magnet 110, eond.uctor1 125 aiul 124, back t• 

.batter1 16• 

When selector -.gne" 15- ii energisea .. comu:ta'\or l 1• 

~arlJ di8]1l&C94 through l/26th Of & reTolutiOD1 and a •ew eet Of 

cif'Cui ta ii terMd. in the eonmutator lllli t~ ltelaf magnet 110 ha Ying been 

... .,.gt.sed111 coa.tact le..,r ·1oe l• cawed. to 4iaengage co.U.Ot U>9. ft:I.• 

· 1'nat• tbe • ir'CJUi t tbrngh '\ha 'ele•tor ~eta and pren-nt• •!19J1gil • 

ttiee~~r magnet 13 & seeeml ttme. •o further &etiOD •f &llJ par1 Cldl 

te..'ka Jl&ea"antil the tlf'O rel&J• 113 and 114 ara.agtJin &etuated.- lfhi• 

h&l'P8D9 W'heD ka7 .l 111 released, Which eetaltlilhe• a circui'l &• follow• I 

batter1 16, conductora 23 and 111, contact l•~•r ·i7,. closed ~ontact 72; 

. . cond:aeter 112, magnet• 113 and 114• back to iatter1·1• • ...A.a explained •' " 

2s 

v 

... 
REF ID:A39751 

at 8J. ud 109 lllltil Wtb•r 9J of 'Wb• MJ'lealt. l• t9pl'tt8 ..... ..._._ 

~ dn'loe to optante 1a tJtll - •mttr u IMIMbllllaton cleearl'-1. . . 

.\ aU:tb ••~S-. .r till• lnwm1. .o.. ia .-U ln l'lf:. 7.. Ill 

tlli• fora ~1 L. .. 1•Ta.tiaa aM i• -'tt et •iatll• riJtc ._tat.on wll1tlll 

. tbemt11 u• elallar ln •cm•tnoUoa ud r.Gtion to ,. ooiorespoa4l11C 

•l.,.ntl ehoft 1• 'tll• -pn..Cht« fl«'*'tt. Ia tbi• n'Mclimant "' tbl inwattcm.. pne •ltoh 16 ta •o oua•truc\ecl tbat when q ny l• kpre• .... 

Md •li'Hnal llllr"" la Mtuate4. •Uc~ leTWs 88, 1aa. 2:1s. eto •• die-

..,_ oontu'• '°• 190. 290. •te., re1m1:1euw1,,· *I.cl •Df.'1'88 contAC:t• . . . 

91, 191• 211, eto. r•.,.ti•l¥• he optm'1on of ib1• f'CU'll or "tn. ~ 

laweot1• i• •• f01) loit• 1 ms•a a ••Hp 1• to be enolpbea·ed·. 00-U.1.1. t•• . 

alON4 .. •tti• up a •ll'Rclt ... follw• 1 Ja't•17 -16 t~CllP •U~ 3&. 

eollftotol' 107 • coat.act 90, ooetact lever aa • .coAll\\at.or M '\a con.tr.ct 21 

. o.t ea4 plat• '801. thJ'GUS)l O.o.a'\atoa e i. 21 :s. and • to co.JllV.tator t Which . . 

4lnot• tbe c· .. rrect b&:c1£ 'thru':IC'la cro_,,iatDr~ •• ·s. ··.a, and l \o contact 

zaa ot ent plat• »01. ~· oudlaCtor 11& ~ ._taot l••er 2ea. cont.n 

ito. onduotol' 106 ~ •OZl'l~l agnd 11 a.l4 t~- .... ,ct batter.. 16 • . ... 11aMftl --· 11 1• ••C1•4. oamanato:r l. l• sot6.1ecl 1:hro111fa 1/IMll 

at & 2ewlut10•1 eet-ttaw up a a.11 Ht ot •ircui t.a ~· tliu otp»I' 

Wbtiela. f"• deYiJ:e fa llGW J'!~ ter enui~ruC tM n,l!iit lt•ttc·ot t~l8 

~ . ..~ 

...... • Ii' thi• lat\111" le 'ii• letJ,er A,. '\he 01 f-Ornl)>QIM11• to ·l'l S• ·, . .. . . . .... .... 1-s: ... ., twt:ti-•lz ..................... .,. .. , 

•. - • I'• t ... 
•, ' 

REF ID:A39751 

; 

of ~t7-e1~ cntact.t ••tting 1IP a ~irclli\ ae foll•• 1 Jroa ~t'\e17 

.16 <\~i. o.oM•.._ 13 to eon~\ . u., ~oetaet i•~ ia,. oontac\ 91.,· 

otntMi le..r tc. eon4'u\or •94 ·.-.. ooatt.ot tt. throJiBll awl n'1d'a '\llroup 

o~ta.tH·• l to 8 ";Q ooa'\ttet S011 oomt•tor 1"- o~ l•.,.. i ... 

••'-' 1'1, •fllllduo~ t! .,.. entiao• l•w~ l~. o••~\. u. o~MI" 

1'11 •o l•Uea\ing deYic• l~ •~oll eorre~ '•the let~• Q. ~­

.u. ftitoh 36 to l>Att.17 16. .\fter the l•tteT Q 1e no"4, n7-A 11 n- . . 

1 ..... 4, allowing th• oontac'\ 1•,,..r• Of g~ n1teb 15 ·~o 6iMRp8e -. · ' - . 

A\ tM iaa.1aat when oontac'\· lewn et ln4 lU 'h'\h •liC .... ,,. 

-taot• 90 and 190_ :re~11 wl7~ ·a etrmd;\ 1• •' 11f u foll-, t 

•\ter,. l& through ewi\c-h u, ceaduetor lOf. o.ont84\ SQ. oon.taot:lfter 

... eonnotol' ., te'otn·t&e't at of nA •law 101. •hrOU«h ·-ta-- . ' 

·1, %• S ....S 4' to 0~3,01' I wh16 4ino·h \be CUre'l' back '\~ 

o--.•a'°"' ._ '• ! Nl4 1 "to con\-<t\ ao or en« _l"b'k JOl., through ceM~or 

18' to OOet-.Ct

0

_lev81' 188• CbhCt ltC>, Con4\1i0'91' 1-· \o control ..,.t ' :· 

1'3 !!\nd thence ~ to blatte17 16. 1fhen oontrol *"'"•' l~ t9 aptn enn-

«1H4. Mmlllta'\or 1 1• a&'l'i• rota\94 tbrou«b 1/!llflt-·ot a J'el'Ol'\l,iM aa4 f 

apta a ... lft et etroi.Jt• ~ Ht 1IP ln tbe .. e~·\ol" at~·· lfha U"riO• 

1• no• p11.d7 r.r nc()h•i-tnc tht eeeon4 letter •f ., .. --~· · 

•: 

lB .\be tonco1nc- 4ffcrtptt~ ... hf...w n...-1ow t:ae uplana\ioa . ... . : 

' . 

•-'\a-tor•. !':Mn 1-. .O.e••r. no naHn ·w 't.lli!IM o •tawra-.,. nqt ' . 

, ... -
REF ID:A39751 

11.rrangemellts A!'ld dieplace•nt meebru11aae ••ta~llshed rar the J>Ul'POM• 

!'o expla.in how 'tbie Cftll be Mcompl1!!h6d, we will refer 8.8fl,in first ie 

Jtg. 2 and then to 11.g. 1. In the diee\'ll'tliGe concerning Fig. 2 we haw 

Mil! 1 "'lheN uent1-tiff contftcts are then Joined in .rhe sets or tiw 

oonucte each, 'o the ~1.,.· coaduo"M>re $1• zs. ~9, 40, And 41 " • Iii Fig. l 

theee eonch1c"\ora 3'1 • 38. 3'• 40 and. 41 1"4 to the reirpecthe magnet• 9, 

10, 11. 12 an4 13. M now nppon that the arrangemen'\ ot contActt on. 

end plate S~ ancl the condwr\ors lead.i'bg troa thia pl.ate to theee magfMtta 

1• auch that. ialfteli4 of a-pouprlM combbtatlon ot the contact• cor.neete4 

to a dngle conductor, a ounent _emrgtng trom one fpeci.tlo contac\ o-ontrols 

tu operation cf two m.aenats, 9 Md 10 tor erampl•; tbb.t -rging troa 

&raot-IMr 9}>ec1t1c eon"laet eontrola "'1ae operat101' of thre• -ene*•• 10, lt 

an4 l~. tor en.rpl•, and 80 en. !hue it •111 ~ nadil;y a:p-parent thA'\ 

with ~n.t7-tiq oont"-Cta U is poaet"tle to p70T14• tor group or pem.t1dtw 

41splae•en\• ot the e<mmata.t.ora 'l. 2, 3. 4. and 6.o In fP.ct. with fi 19 

coarnutatora there &re thirt,-one perma.t~ti~e ditJPla&..Mnta po••ibl• ; •inc• 

in r1g. 2 then &re twent1-the co:atac\e on -pla't• ~ .. &lTftngeMente -7 n 

mau eo tbl\t 25 or the ~l d.l•plBCMienta aan be re\)rewnted... :SU.t if' it •ere 

«••ired to ha"f8 a.11 thirt,-one penm.t1;.ti..,e ditrplt1.a91Wll"\a a'ft.il&ble, it 

woa.l<l Mre_l7 lae nace•ear7 to h&Ye the coramv.tore '• 'f, an4 I MMl their 

a1socia:\4Ml end plates 3°' and lo. aomprl .. set• of 1b.irt1-"'9 ~oat.ct• 

laatea.4 of oal.7 •iX• •• 111 ah09n in l'Sg. l,. or bent1""'91•. aa u •tlowD la 

J-tg. 2. 

lnetead of a sy&taa at pel'lllUtfltive diapldCel'.Mmtll b~ stngi. step• 

one could &rrange tor indi•1d.u&l.i••d diaplac.eenta of 1. 2. 3• 4., or & 

26 
REF ID:A39751 

' at.-p at a tiM ; and, , ...... ot a a1Btea of aingle-etep, 1ndi .. ,i*-llnl 'r ~ " 

...,_a.r 4ieplac..azn of \M eomnt&tor•• 1'\ h posaibl• t.o !\rt'&ftP tor 

pl'Ul'&.1-etep. perau~u..-, angular dhplaceJ!lenh ot tbe oclftlll'Utatoi-s. '1'h9 

2? 

' ' \