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[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2016 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

117th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2016

  To authorize elements of the Department of Transportation, and for 
                            other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             June 10, 2021

  Ms. Cantwell (for herself and Mr. Wicker) introduced the following 
 bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, 
                      Science, and Transportation

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
  To authorize elements of the Department of Transportation, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Surface 
Transportation Investment Act of 2021''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
             TITLE I--MULTIMODAL AND FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION

                 Subtitle A--Multimodal Freight Policy

Sec. 1101. Office of Multimodal Freight Infrastructure and Policy.
Sec. 1102. Updates to National Freight Plan.
Sec. 1103. State collaboration with National Multimodal Freight 
                            Network.
Sec. 1104. Improving State freight plans.
Sec. 1105. Implementation of National Multimodal Freight Network.
Sec. 1106. Multi-State freight corridor planning.
                   Subtitle B--Multimodal Investment

Sec. 1201. National infrastructure project assistance.
Sec. 1202. Local and regional project assistance.
Sec. 1203. National culvert removal, replacement, and restoration grant 
                            program.
Sec. 1204. Nationally significant multimodal freight projects.
Sec. 1205. National multimodal cooperative freight research program.
Sec. 1206. Rural and Tribal infrastructure advancement.
 Subtitle C--Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing Reforms

Sec. 1301. RRIF codification and reforms.
Sec. 1302. Substantive criteria and standards.
Sec. 1303. Semiannual report on transit-oriented development 
                            eligibility.
                             TITLE II--RAIL

Sec. 2001. Short title.
              Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations

Sec. 2101. Grants to Amtrak.
Sec. 2102. Federal Railroad Administration.
Sec. 2103. Consolidated rail infrastructure and safety improvements 
                            grants.
Sec. 2104. Railroad Crossing Elimination Program.
Sec. 2105. Restoration and enhancement grants.
Sec. 2106. Federal-State partnership for intercity passenger rail 
                            grants.
Sec. 2107. Amtrak Office of Inspector General.
                       Subtitle B--Amtrak Reforms

Sec. 2201. Amtrak findings, mission, and goals.
Sec. 2202. Composition of Amtrak's Board of Directors.
Sec. 2203. Station agents.
Sec. 2204. Increasing oversight of changes to Amtrak long-distance 
                            routes and other intercity services.
Sec. 2205. Improved oversight of Amtrak accounting.
Sec. 2206. Improved oversight of Amtrak spending.
Sec. 2207. Increasing service line and asset line plan transparency.
Sec. 2208. Passenger experience enhancement.
Sec. 2209. Amtrak smoking policy.
Sec. 2210. Protecting Amtrak routes through rural communities.
Sec. 2211. State-Supported Route Committee.
Sec. 2212. Enhancing cross border service.
Sec. 2213. Creating quality jobs.
              Subtitle C--Intercity Passenger Rail Policy

Sec. 2301. Northeast Corridor planning.
Sec. 2302. Northeast Corridor Commission.
Sec. 2303. Consolidated rail infrastructure and safety improvements.
Sec. 2304. Restoration and enhancement grants.
Sec. 2305. Railroad Crossing Elimination Program.
Sec. 2306. Interstate rail compacts.
Sec. 2307. Federal-State partnership for intercity passenger rail 
                            grants.
Sec. 2308. Corridor Identification and Development Program.
Sec. 2309. Surface Transportation Board Passenger Rail Program.
Sec. 2310. Railroad rights-of-way.
                        Subtitle D--Rail Safety

Sec. 2401. Railway-highway crossings program evaluation.
Sec. 2402. Grade crossing accident prediction model.
Sec. 2403. Periodic updates to highway-rail crossing reports and plans.
Sec. 2404. Blocked crossing portal.
Sec. 2405. Data accessibility.
Sec. 2406. Emergency lighting.
Sec. 2407. Comprehensive rail safety review of Amtrak.
Sec. 2408. Completion of hours of service and fatigue studies.
Sec. 2409. Positive train control study.
Sec. 2410. Operating crew member training, qualification, and 
                            certification.
Sec. 2411. Transparency and safety.
Sec. 2412. Research and development.
Sec. 2413. Rail Research and Development Center of Excellence.
Sec. 2414. Quarterly report on positive train control system 
                            performance.
Sec. 2415. Speed limit action plans.
Sec. 2416. New passenger service pre-revenue safety validation plan.
Sec. 2417. Federal Railroad Administration accident and incident 
                            investigations.
Sec. 2418. Civil penalty enforcement authority.
Sec. 2419. Advancing safety and innovative technology.
Sec. 2420. Passenger rail vehicle occupant protection systems.
Sec. 2421. Federal Railroad Administration safety reporting.
Sec. 2422. National Academies study on trains longer than 7,500 feet.
Sec. 2423. High-speed train noise emissions.
Sec. 2424. Critical incident stress plans.
                    TITLE III--MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY

Sec. 3001. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 3002. Motor carrier safety advisory committee.
Sec. 3003. Combating human trafficking.
Sec. 3004. Immobilization grant program.
Sec. 3005. Commercial motor vehicle enforcement training and support.
Sec. 3006. Study of commercial motor vehicle crash causation.
Sec. 3007. Promoting women in the trucking workforce.
Sec. 3008. State inspection of passenger-carrying commercial motor 
                            vehicles.
Sec. 3009. Truck Leasing Task Force.
Sec. 3010. Automatic emergency braking.
Sec. 3011. Underride protection.
Sec. 3012. Providers of recreational activities.
Sec. 3013. Amendments to regulations relating to transportation of 
                            household goods in interstate commerce.
Sec. 3014. Improving Federal-State motor carrier safety enforcement 
                            coordination.
Sec. 3015. Limousine research.
Sec. 3016. National Consumer Complaint Database.
Sec. 3017. Electronic logging device oversight.
               TITLE IV--HIGHWAY AND MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY

                   Subtitle A--Highway Traffic Safety

Sec. 4101. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 4102. Highway safety programs.
Sec. 4103. Highway safety research and development.
Sec. 4104. High-visibility enforcement programs.
Sec. 4105. National priority safety programs.
Sec. 4106. Multiple substance-impaired driving prevention.
Sec. 4107. Minimum penalties for repeat offenders for driving while 
                            intoxicated or driving under the influence.
Sec. 4108. Crash data.
Sec. 4109. Review of Move Over or Slow Down Law public awareness.
Sec. 4110. Review of laws, safety measures, and technologies relating 
                            to school buses.
Sec. 4111. Motorcyclist Advisory Council.
Sec. 4112. Safe Streets and Roads for All grant program.
Sec. 4113. Implementation of GAO recommendations.
                       Subtitle B--Vehicle Safety

Sec. 4201. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 4202. Recall completion.
Sec. 4203. Recall engagement.
Sec. 4204. Motor vehicle seat back safety standards.
Sec. 4205. Automatic shutoff.
Sec. 4206. Petitions by interested persons for standards and 
                            enforcement.
Sec. 4207. Child safety seat accessibility study.
Sec. 4208. Crash avoidance technology.
Sec. 4209. Reduction of driver distraction.
Sec. 4210. Rulemaking report.
Sec. 4211. Global harmonization.
Sec. 4212. Headlamps.
Sec. 4213. New Car Assessment Program.
Sec. 4214. Hood and bumper standards.
Sec. 4215. Emergency medical services and 9-1-1.
Sec. 4216. Early warning reporting.
Sec. 4217. Improved vehicle safety databases.
Sec. 4218. National Driver Register Advisory Committee repeal.
Sec. 4219. Research on connected vehicle technology.
Sec. 4220. Advanced impaired driving technology.
                    TITLE V--RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

Sec. 5001. Intelligent Transportation Systems Program Advisory 
                            Committee.
Sec. 5002. Smart Community Resource Center.
Sec. 5003. Federal support for local decisionmaking.
Sec. 5004. Bureau of Transportation Statistics.
Sec. 5005. Strengthening mobility and revolutionizing transportation 
                            grant program.
Sec. 5006. Electric vehicle working group.
Sec. 5007. Risk and system resilience.
Sec. 5008. Coordination on emerging transportation technology.
Sec. 5009. Interagency Infrastructure Permitting Improvement Center.
Sec. 5010. Rural opportunities to use transportation for economic 
                            success initiative.
Sec. 5011. Advanced transportation technologies deployment program.
Sec. 5012. Safety data initiative.
Sec. 5013. Advanced transportation research.
Sec. 5014. Open research initiative.
Sec. 5015. Transportation research and development 5-year strategic 
                            plan.
Sec. 5016. Research planning modifications.
Sec. 5017. Incorporation of Department of Transportation research.
Sec. 5018. University transportation centers program.
Sec. 5019. National travel and tourism infrastructure strategic plan.
Sec. 5020. Local hiring preference for construction jobs.
Sec. 5021. Transportation workforce development.
Sec. 5022. Intermodal Transportation Advisory Board repeal.
Sec. 5023. GAO cybersecurity recommendations.
Sec. 5024. Volpe oversight.
                     TITLE VI--HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Sec. 6001. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 6002. Assistance for local emergency response training grant 
                            program.
Sec. 6003. Real-time emergency response information.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Transportation.
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.

             TITLE I--MULTIMODAL AND FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION

                 Subtitle A--Multimodal Freight Policy

SEC. 1101. OFFICE OF MULTIMODAL FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE AND POLICY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 118. Office of Multimodal Freight Infrastructure and Policy
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Department.--The term `Department' means the 
        Department of Transportation.
            ``(2) Freight office.--The term `Freight Office' means the 
        Office of Multimodal Freight Infrastructure and Policy 
        established under subsection (b).
            ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
Department an Office of Multimodal Freight Infrastructure and Policy.
    ``(c) Purposes.--The purposes of the Freight Office shall be--
            ``(1) to carry out the national multimodal freight policy 
        described in section 70101;
            ``(2) to administer and oversee certain multimodal freight 
        grant programs within the Department in accordance with 
        subsection (d);
            ``(3) to promote and facilitate the sharing of information 
        between the private and public sectors with respect to freight 
        issues;
            ``(4) to conduct research on improving multimodal freight 
        mobility, and to oversee the freight research activities of the 
        various agencies within the Department;
            ``(5) to assist cities and States in developing freight 
        mobility and supply chain expertise;
            ``(6) to liaise and coordinate with other Federal 
        departments and agencies; and
            ``(7) to carry out other duties, as prescribed by the 
        Secretary.
    ``(d) Administration of Policies and Programs.--The Freight Office 
shall--
            ``(1) develop and manage--
                    ``(A) the national freight strategic plan described 
                in section 70102; and
                    ``(B) the National Multimodal Freight Network 
                established under section 70103;
            ``(2)(A) oversee the development and updating of the State 
        freight plans described in section 70202; and
            ``(B) provide guidance or best practices relating to the 
        development and updating of State freight plans under that 
        section;
            ``(3)(A) administer multimodal freight grant programs, 
        including multimodal freight grants established under section 
        117 of title 23; and
            ``(B) establish procedures for analyzing and evaluating 
        applications for grants under those programs;
            ``(4) assist States in the establishment of--
                    ``(A) State freight advisory committees under 
                section 70201; and
                    ``(B) multi-State freight mobility compacts under 
                section 70204; and
            ``(5) provide to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics 
        input regarding freight data and planning tools.
    ``(e) Assistant Secretary.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Freight Office shall be headed by an 
        Assistant Secretary for Multimodal Freight, who shall--
                    ``(A) be appointed by the President, by and with 
                the advice and consent of the Senate; and
                    ``(B) have professional standing and demonstrated 
                knowledge in the field of freight transportation.
            ``(2) Duties.--The Assistant Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) report to the Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Policy;
                    ``(B) be responsible for the management and 
                oversight of the activities, decisions, operations, and 
                personnel of the Freight Office;
                    ``(C) work with the modal administrations of the 
                Department to encourage multimodal collaboration; and
                    ``(D) carry out such additional duties as the 
                Secretary may prescribe.
    ``(f) Consolidation and Elimination of Duplicative Offices.--
            ``(1) Consolidation of offices and office functions.--The 
        Secretary may consolidate into the Freight Office any office or 
        office function within the Department that the Secretary 
        determines has duties, responsibilities, resources, or 
        expertise that support the purposes of the Freight Office.
            ``(2) Elimination of offices.--The Secretary may eliminate 
        any office within the Department if the Secretary determines 
        that--
                    ``(A) the purposes of the office are duplicative of 
                the purposes of the Freight Office;
                    ``(B) the office or the functions of the office 
                have been substantially consolidated with the Freight 
                Office pursuant to paragraph (1);
                    ``(C) the elimination of the office will not 
                adversely affect the requirements of the Secretary 
                under any Federal law; and
                    ``(D) the elimination of the office will improve 
                the efficiency and effectiveness of the programs and 
                functions conducted by the office.
    ``(g) Staffing and Budgetary Resources.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall ensure that the 
        Freight Office is adequately staffed and funded.
            ``(2) Staffing.--
                    ``(A) Transfer of positions to freight office.--
                Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary may transfer 
                to the Freight Office any position within any other 
                office of the Department if the Secretary determines 
                that the position is necessary to carry out the 
                purposes of the Freight Office.
                    ``(B) Requirement.--If the Secretary transfers a 
                position to the Freight Office pursuant to subparagraph 
                (A), the Secretary, in coordination with the 
                appropriate modal administration of the Department, 
                shall ensure that the transfer of the position does not 
                adversely affect the requirements of the modal 
                administration under any Federal law.
            ``(3) Budgetary resources.--
                    ``(A) Transfer of funds from consolidated or 
                eliminated offices.--
                            ``(i) In general.--To carry out the 
                        purposes of the Freight Office, the Secretary 
                        may transfer to the Freight Office from any 
                        office or office function that is consolidated 
                        or eliminated under subsection (f) any funds 
                        allocated for the consolidated or eliminated 
                        office or office function.
                            ``(ii) Retransfer.--Any portion of any 
                        funds or limitations of obligations transferred 
                        to the Freight Office pursuant to clause (i) 
                        may be transferred back to, and merged with, 
                        the original account.
                    ``(B) Transfer of funds allocated for 
                administrative costs.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary may 
                        transfer to the Freight Office any funds 
                        allocated for the administrative costs of the 
                        programs referred to in subsection (d)(3).
                            ``(ii) Retransfer.--Any portion of any 
                        funds or limitations of obligations transferred 
                        to the Freight Office pursuant to clause (i) 
                        may be transferred back to, and merged with, 
                        the original account.
    ``(h) Website.--
            ``(1) Description of freight office.--The Secretary shall 
        make publicly available on the website of the Department a 
        description of the Freight Office, including a description of--
                    ``(A) the programs managed or made available by the 
                Freight Office; and
                    ``(B) the eligibility requirements for those 
                programs.
            ``(2) Clearinghouse.--The Secretary may establish a 
        clearinghouse for tools, templates, guidance, and best 
        practices on a page of the website of the Department that 
        supports the purposes of this section.
    ``(i) Notification to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this section, and not less frequently than once 
every 180 days thereafter until the date on which the Secretary 
determines that the requirements of this section have been met, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a notification that--
            ``(1) describes--
                    ``(A) the programs and activities administered or 
                overseen by the Freight Office; and
                    ``(B) the status of those programs and activities;
            ``(2) identifies--
                    ``(A) the number of employees working in the 
                Freight Office as of the date of the notification; and
                    ``(B) the total number of employees expected to 
                join the Freight Office to support the programs and 
                activities described in paragraph (1);
            ``(3)(A) indicates whether the Secretary has consolidated 
        into the Freight Office any office or office function pursuant 
        to subsection (f)(1); and
            ``(B) if the Secretary has so consolidated such an office 
        or function, describes the rationale for the consolidation;
            ``(4)(A) indicates whether the Secretary has eliminated any 
        office pursuant to subsection (f)(2); and
            ``(B) if the Secretary has so eliminated such an office, 
        describes the rationale for the elimination;
            ``(5) describes any other actions carried out by the 
        Secretary to implement this section; and
            ``(6) describes any recommendations of the Secretary for 
        legislation that may be needed to further implement this 
        section.
    ``(j) Savings Provisions.--
            ``(1) Effect on other law.--Except as otherwise provided in 
        this section, nothing in this section alters or affects any law 
        (including regulations) with respect to a program referred to 
        in subsection (d).
            ``(2) Effect on responsibilities of other agencies.--Except 
        as otherwise provided in this section, nothing in this section 
        abrogates the responsibilities of any agency, operating 
        administration, or office within the Department that is 
        otherwise charged by law (including regulations) with any 
        aspect of program administration, oversight, or project 
        approval or implementation with respect to a program or project 
        subject to the responsibilities of the Freight Office under 
        this section.
            ``(3) Effect on pending applications.--Nothing in this 
        section affects any pending application under a program 
        referred to in subsection (d) that was received by the 
        Secretary on or before the date of enactment of this section.
    ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
this section.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 117 the following:

``118. Office of Multimodal Freight Infrastructure and Policy.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 70101(c) of title 49, United States Code, is 
        amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy'' and inserting 
        ``Assistant Secretary for Multimodal Freight''.
            (2) Section 70102 of title 49, United States Code, is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later'' and all that 
                follows through ``the Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Policy'' and inserting ``The Assistant Secretary 
                for Multimodal Freight (referred to in this section as 
                the `Assistant Secretary')'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)(4), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                inserting ``Assistant Secretary'';
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``Assistant Secretary''; and
                    (D) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                inserting ``Assistant Secretary''.
            (3) Section 70103 of title 49, United States Code, is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Policy'' and inserting ``Assistant 
                Secretary for Multimodal Freight (referred to in this 
                section as the `Assistant Secretary')'';
                    (B) by striking subsection (b);
                    (C) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as 
                subsections (b) and (c), respectively;
                    (D) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                        ``Final Network'' and inserting ``Designation 
                        of National Multimodal Freight Network'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (1), in the matter 
                        preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``Not 
                        later'' and all that follows through ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Assistant 
                        Secretary'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (2), in the matter 
                        preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Assistant 
                        Secretary''; and
                            (iv) in paragraph (3), in the matter 
                        preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Assistant 
                        Secretary''; and
                    (E) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``subsection (c)'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting ``subsection 
                        (b)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``Assistant Secretary''.

SEC. 1102. UPDATES TO NATIONAL FREIGHT PLAN.

    Section 70102(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (11), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(12) best practices for reducing environmental impacts of 
        freight movement (including stormwater runoff) and improving 
        resiliency of the national multimodal freight system;
            ``(13) consideration of any potential unique impacts of the 
        national freight system on rural and other underserved and 
        historically disadvantaged communities;
            ``(14) strategies for decarbonizing freight movement, as 
        appropriate; and
            ``(15) consideration of the impacts of e-commerce on the 
        national multimodal freight system.''.

SEC. 1103. STATE COLLABORATION WITH NATIONAL MULTIMODAL FREIGHT 
              NETWORK.

    Subsection (b) of section 70103 of title 49, United States Code (as 
redesignated by section 1101(c)(3)(C)), is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking subparagraph (C) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(C) provide to the States an opportunity to 
                submit proposed designations from the States in 
                accordance with paragraph (4).''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking ``20 
                percent'' and inserting ``30 percent''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) Condition for acceptance.--The Secretary 
                shall accept from a State a designation under 
                subparagraph (D) only if the Secretary determines that 
                the designation meets the applicable requirements of 
                subparagraph (A).''.

SEC. 1104. IMPROVING STATE FREIGHT PLANS.

    (a) In General.--Section 70202 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph 
                (16); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
            ``(10) the most recent commercial motor vehicle parking 
        facilities assessment conducted by the State under subsection 
        (f);
            ``(11) the most recent supply chain cargo flows in the 
        State, expressed by mode of transportation;
            ``(12) an inventory of commercial ports in the State;
            ``(13) if applicable, consideration of the findings or 
        recommendations made by any multi-State freight compact to 
        which the State is a party under section 70204;
            ``(14) the impacts of e-commerce on freight infrastructure 
        in the State;
            ``(15) considerations of military freight; and''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Commercial Motor Vehicle Parking Facilities Assessments.--As 
part of the development or updating, as applicable, of a State freight 
plan under this section, each State that receives funding under section 
167 of title 23, in consultation with relevant State motor carrier 
safety personnel, shall conduct an assessment of--
            ``(1) the capability of the State, together with the 
        private sector in the State, to provide adequate parking 
        facilities and rest facilities for commercial motor vehicles 
        engaged in interstate transportation;
            ``(2) the volume of commercial motor vehicle traffic in the 
        State; and
            ``(3) whether there exist any areas within the State with a 
        shortage of adequate commercial motor vehicle parking 
        facilities, including an analysis (economic or otherwise, as 
        the State determines to be appropriate) of the underlying 
        causes of such a shortage.''.
    (b) Alignment of Transportation Planning.--Section 70202 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d), by striking ``5-year'' and inserting 
        ``8-year''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``5 years'' and 
        inserting ``4 years''.

SEC. 1105. IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL MULTIMODAL FREIGHT NETWORK.

    Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that--
            (1) describes the status of the designation of the final 
        National Multimodal Freight Network required under section 
        70103 of title 49, United States Code;
            (2) explains the reasons why the designation of the network 
        referred to in paragraph (1) has not been finalized, if 
        applicable; and
            (3) estimates the date by which that network will be 
        designated.

SEC. 1106. MULTI-STATE FREIGHT CORRIDOR PLANNING.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 702 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 70204 as section 70206; and
            (2) by inserting after section 70203 the following:
``Sec. 70204. Multi-State freight corridor planning
    ``(a) Consent to Multi-State Freight Mobility Compacts.--Congress 
grants consent to States, cities, regional planning organizations, 
federally recognized Indian Tribes, and local public authorities 
(including public port authorities) that are regionally linked with an 
interest in a specific nationally or regionally significant multi-State 
freight corridor to enter into multi-State compacts to promote the 
improved mobility of goods, including--
            ``(1) identifying projects along the corridor that benefit 
        multiple States;
            ``(2) assembling rights-of-way; and
            ``(3) performing capital improvements.
    ``(b) Financing.--A multi-State freight compact established by 
entities under subsection (a) may provide that, in order to carry out 
the compact, the relevant States or other entities may--
            ``(1) accept contributions from a unit of State or local 
        government;
            ``(2) use any Federal or State funds made available for 
        freight mobility infrastructure planning or construction, 
        including applying for grants;
            ``(3) subject to such terms and conditions as the States 
        consider to be advisable--
                    ``(A) borrow money on a short-term basis; and
                    ``(B) issue--
                            ``(i) notes for borrowing under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) bonds; and
            ``(4) obtain financing by other means permitted under 
        applicable Federal or State law.
    ``(c) Advisory Committees.--
            ``(1) In general.--A multi-State freight compact under this 
        section may establish a multi-State freight corridor advisory 
        committee, which shall include representatives of State 
        departments of transportation and other public and private 
        sector entities with an interest in freight mobility, such as--
                    ``(A) ports;
                    ``(B) freight railroads;
                    ``(C) shippers;
                    ``(D) carriers;
                    ``(E) freight-related associations;
                    ``(F) third-party logistics providers;
                    ``(G) the freight industry workforce;
                    ``(H) environmental organizations;
                    ``(I) community organizations; and
                    ``(J) units of local government.
            ``(2) Activities.--An advisory committee established under 
        paragraph (1) may--
                    ``(A) advise the parties to the applicable multi-
                State freight compact with respect to freight-related 
                priorities, issues, projects, and funding needs that 
                impact multi-State--
                            ``(i) freight mobility; and
                            ``(ii) supply chains;
                    ``(B) serve as a forum for States, Indian Tribes, 
                and other public entities to discuss decisions 
                affecting freight mobility;
                    ``(C) communicate and coordinate multi-State 
                freight priorities with other organizations;
                    ``(D) promote the sharing of information between 
                the private and public sectors with respect to freight 
                issues; and
                    ``(E) provide information for consideration in the 
                development of State freight plans under section 70202.
    ``(d) Grants.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation 
        (referred to in this section as the `Secretary') shall 
        establish a program under which the Secretary shall provide 
        grants to multi-State freight compacts that seek to improve a 
        route or corridor that is a part of the National Multimodal 
        Freight Network established under section 70103.
            ``(2) New compacts.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To incentivize the establishment 
                of multi-State freight compacts, the Secretary may 
                award a grant to multi-State freight compacts 
                established under subsection (a) during the 2-year 
                period beginning on the date of establishment for 
                operations costs in an amount of not more than 
                $2,000,000.
                    ``(B) Eligibility.--A multi-State freight compact 
                shall be eligible for a grant under this paragraph only 
                during the initial 3 years of operation of the compact.
                    ``(C) Requirements.--To be eligible to receive a 
                grant under this paragraph, a multi-State freight 
                compact shall--
                            ``(i) submit to the Secretary an 
                        application at such time, in such manner, and 
                        containing such information as the Secretary 
                        may require;
                            ``(ii) provide a non-Federal match equal to 
                        not less than 25 percent of the operating costs 
                        of the multi-State freight compact; and
                            ``(iii) commit to establishing a multi-
                        State freight corridor advisory committee under 
                        subsection (c)(1) during the initial 2-year 
                        period of operation of the compact.
            ``(3) Existing compacts.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may award a grant 
                to multi-State freight compacts that are not eligible 
                to receive a grant under paragraph (2) for operations 
                costs in an amount of not more than $1,000,000.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--To be eligible to receive a 
                grant under this paragraph, a multi-State freight 
                compact shall--
                            ``(i) submit to the Secretary an 
                        application at such time, in such manner, and 
                        containing such information as the Secretary 
                        may require;
                            ``(ii) provide a non-Federal match of not 
                        less than 50 percent of the operating costs of 
                        the compact; and
                            ``(iii) demonstrate that the compact has 
                        established a multi-State freight corridor 
                        advisory committee under subsection (c)(1).
            ``(4) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary $5,000,000 for each fiscal 
        year to carry out this subsection.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 702 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
70204 and inserting the following:

``70204. Multi-State freight corridor planning.
``70206. Savings provision.''.

                   Subtitle B--Multimodal Investment

SEC. 1201. NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT ASSISTANCE.

    Subtitle III of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

           ``CHAPTER 67--NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS

``6701. National infrastructure project assistance.
``6702. Local and regional project assistance.
``Sec. 6701. National infrastructure project assistance
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Department.--The term `Department' means the 
        Department of Transportation.
            ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a State or a group of States;
                    ``(B) a metropolitan planning organization;
                    ``(C) a unit of local government;
                    ``(D) a political subdivision of a State;
                    ``(E) a special purpose district or public 
                authority with a transportation function, including a 
                port authority;
                    ``(F) a Tribal government or a consortium of Tribal 
                governments;
                    ``(G) a partnership between Amtrak and 1 or more 
                entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (F); 
                and
                    ``(H) a group of entities described in any of 
                subparagraphs (A) through (G).
            ``(3) Program.--The term `program' means the program 
        established by subsection (b).
            ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
            ``(5) State.--The term `State' means--
                    ``(A) any of the several States;
                    ``(B) the District of Columbia;
                    ``(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
                    ``(D) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
                Islands;
                    ``(E) the United States Virgin Islands;
                    ``(F) Guam;
                    ``(G) American Samoa; and
                    ``(H) any other territory or possession of the 
                United States.
    ``(b) Establishment.--There is established a program under which 
the Secretary shall provide to eligible entities grants, on a 
competitive basis pursuant to single-year or multiyear grant 
agreements, for projects described in subsection (d).
    ``(c) Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--To be eligible for a grant under the 
        program, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an 
        application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
        information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
            ``(2) Plan for data collection.--An application under 
        paragraph (1) shall include a plan for data collection and 
        analysis described in subsection (g).
    ``(d) Eligible Projects.--The Secretary may provide a grant under 
the program only for a project--
            ``(1) that is--
                    ``(A) a highway or bridge project carried out on--
                            ``(i) the National Multimodal Freight 
                        Network established under section 70103;
                            ``(ii) the National Highway Freight Network 
                        established under section 167 of title 23; or
                            ``(iii) the National Highway System (as 
                        defined in section 101(a) of title 23);
                    ``(B) a freight intermodal (including public ports) 
                or freight rail project that provides a public benefit;
                    ``(C) a railway-highway grade separation or 
                elimination project;
                    ``(D) an intercity passenger rail project;
                    ``(E) a public transportation project that is--
                            ``(i) eligible for assistance under chapter 
                        53; and
                            ``(ii) part of a project described in any 
                        of subparagraphs (A) through (D); or
                    ``(F) a grouping, combination, or program of 
                interrelated, connected, or dependent projects of any 
                of the projects described in subparagraphs (A) through 
                (E); and
            ``(2) the eligible project costs of which are--
                    ``(A) reasonably anticipated to equal or exceed 
                $500,000,000; or
                    ``(B) for any project funded by the set-aside under 
                subsection (m)(2)--
                            ``(i) more than $100,000,000; but
                            ``(ii) less than $500,000,000.
    ``(e) Geographical Distribution.--In providing grants under this 
section, the Secretary shall ensure among grant recipients--
            ``(1) geographical diversity; and
            ``(2) a balance between rural and urban communities.
    ``(f) Project Evaluation and Selection.--
            ``(1) Requirements.--The Secretary may select a project 
        described in subsection (d) to receive a grant under the 
        program only if the Secretary determines that--
                    ``(A) the project is likely to generate national or 
                regional economic, mobility, or safety benefits;
                    ``(B) the project is in need of significant Federal 
                funding;
                    ``(C) the project will be cost-effective;
                    ``(D) with respect to related non-Federal financial 
                commitments, 1 or more stable and dependable sources of 
                funding and financing are available--
                            ``(i) to construct, operate, and maintain 
                        the project; and
                            ``(ii) to cover cost increases; and
                    ``(E) the applicant has, or will have, sufficient 
                legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out 
                the project.
            ``(2) Evaluation criteria.--In awarding a grant under the 
        program, the Secretary shall evaluate--
                    ``(A) the extent to which a project supports 
                achieving a state of good repair for each existing 
                asset to be improved by the project;
                    ``(B) the level of benefits a project is expected 
                to generate, including--
                            ``(i) the costs avoided by the prevention 
                        of closure or reduced use of the asset to be 
                        improved by the project;
                            ``(ii) reductions in maintenance costs over 
                        the life of the applicable asset;
                            ``(iii) safety benefits, including the 
                        reduction of serious injuries and fatalities 
                        and related costs;
                            ``(iv) improved person or freight 
                        throughput, including improved mobility and 
                        reliability; and
                            ``(v) environmental benefits and health 
                        impacts, such as--
                                    ``(I) reductions in greenhouse gas 
                                emissions;
                                    ``(II) air quality benefits;
                                    ``(III) preventing stormwater 
                                runoff that would be a detriment to 
                                aquatic species; and
                                    ``(IV) improved infrastructure 
                                resilience;
                    ``(C) the benefits of the project, as compared to 
                the costs of the project;
                    ``(D) the number of persons or volume of freight, 
                as applicable, supported by the project; and
                    ``(E) national and regional economic benefits of 
                the project, including with respect to short- and long-
                term job access, growth, or creation.
            ``(3) Additional considerations.--In selecting projects to 
        receive grants under the program, the Secretary shall take into 
        consideration--
                    ``(A) contributions to geographical diversity among 
                grant recipients, including the need for a balance 
                between the needs of rural and urban communities;
                    ``(B) whether multiple States would benefit from a 
                project;
                    ``(C) whether, and the degree to which, a project 
                uses--
                            ``(i) construction materials or approaches 
                        that have--
                                    ``(I) demonstrated reductions in 
                                greenhouse gas emissions; or
                                    ``(II) reduced the need for 
                                maintenance of other projects; or
                            ``(ii) technologies that will allow for 
                        future connectivity and automation;
                    ``(D) whether a project would benefit--
                            ``(i) a historically disadvantaged 
                        community or population; or
                            ``(ii) an area of persistent poverty;
                    ``(E) whether a project benefits users of multiple 
                modes of transportation, including--
                            ``(i) pedestrians;
                            ``(ii) bicyclists; and
                            ``(iii) users of nonvehicular, railroad, 
                        and public transportation; and
                    ``(F) whether a project improves connectivity 
                between modes of transportation moving persons or goods 
                nationally or regionally.
            ``(4) Ratings.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In evaluating applications for a 
                grant under the program, the Secretary shall assign the 
                project proposed in the application a rating described 
                in subparagraph (B), based on the information contained 
                in the applicable notice published under paragraph (5).
                    ``(B) Ratings.--
                            ``(i) Highly recommended.--The Secretary 
                        shall assign a rating of `highly recommended' 
                        to projects that, in the determination of the 
                        Secretary--
                                    ``(I) are exemplary projects of 
                                national or regional significance; and
                                    ``(II) would provide significant 
                                public benefit, as determined based on 
                                the applicable criteria described in 
                                this subsection, if funded under the 
                                program.
                            ``(ii) Recommended.--The Secretary shall 
                        assign a rating of `recommended' to projects 
                        that, in the determination of the Secretary--
                                    ``(I) are of national or regional 
                                significance; and
                                    ``(II) would provide public 
                                benefit, as determined based on the 
                                applicable criteria described in this 
                                subsection, if funded under the 
                                program.
                            ``(iii) Not recommended.--The Secretary 
                        shall assign a rating of `not recommended' to 
                        projects that, in the determination of the 
                        Secretary, should not receive a grant under the 
                        program, based on the applicable criteria 
                        described in this subsection.
                    ``(C) Technical assistance.--
                            ``(i) In general.--On request of an 
                        eligible entity that submitted an application 
                        under subsection (c) for a project that is not 
                        selected to receive a grant under the program, 
                        the Secretary shall provide to the eligible 
                        entity technical assistance and briefings 
                        relating to the project.
                            ``(ii) Treatment.--Technical assistance 
                        provided under this subparagraph shall not be 
                        considered to provide a guarantee of future 
                        selection of the applicable project under the 
                        program.
            ``(5) Publication of project evaluation and selection 
        criteria.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
        of this chapter, the Secretary shall publish and make publicly 
        available on the website of the Department a notice that 
        contains a detailed explanation of--
                    ``(A) the method by which the Secretary will 
                determine whether a project satisfies the applicable 
                requirements described in paragraph (1);
                    ``(B) any additional ratings the Secretary may 
                assign to determine the means by which a project 
                addresses the selection criteria and additional 
                considerations described in paragraphs (2) and (3); and
                    ``(C) the means by which the project requirements 
                and ratings referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
                will be used to assign an overall rating for the 
                project under paragraph (4).
            ``(6) Project selection priority.--In awarding grants under 
        the program, the Secretary shall give priority to projects to 
        which the Secretary has assigned a rating of `highly 
        recommended' under paragraph (4)(B)(i).
    ``(g) Data Collection and Analysis.--
            ``(1) Plan.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An eligible entity seeking a 
                grant under the program shall submit to the Secretary, 
                together with the grant application, a plan for the 
                collection and analysis of data to identify in 
                accordance with the framework established under 
                paragraph (2)--
                            ``(i) the impacts of the project; and
                            ``(ii) the accuracy of any forecast 
                        prepared during the development phase of the 
                        project and included in the grant application.
                    ``(B) Contents.--A plan under subparagraph (A) 
                shall include--
                            ``(i) an approach to measuring--
                                    ``(I) the criteria described in 
                                subsection (f)(2); and
                                    ``(II) if applicable, the 
                                additional requirements described in 
                                subsection (f)(3);
                            ``(ii) an approach for analyzing the 
                        consistency of predicted project 
                        characteristics with actual outcomes; and
                            ``(iii) any other elements that the 
                        Secretary determines to be necessary.
            ``(2) Framework.--The Secretary may publish a standardized 
        framework for the contents of the plans under paragraph (1), 
        which may include, as appropriate--
                    ``(A) standardized forecasting and measurement 
                approaches;
                    ``(B) data storage system requirements; and
                    ``(C) any other requirements the Secretary 
                determines to be necessary to carry out this section.
            ``(3) Multiyear grant agreements.--The Secretary shall 
        require an eligible entity, as a condition of receiving funding 
        pursuant to a multiyear grant agreement under the program, to 
        collect additional data to measure the impacts of the project 
        and to accurately track improvements made by the project, in 
        accordance with a plan described in paragraph (1).
            ``(4) Reports.--
                    ``(A) Project baseline.--Before the date of 
                completion of a project for which a grant is provided 
                under the program, the eligible entity carrying out the 
                project shall submit to the Secretary a report 
                providing baseline data for the purpose of analyzing 
                the long-term impact of the project in accordance with 
                the framework established under paragraph (2).
                    ``(B) Updated report.--Not later than 6 years after 
                the date of completion of a project for which a grant 
                is provided under the program, the eligible entity 
                carrying out the project shall submit to the Secretary 
                a report that compares the baseline data included in 
                the report under subparagraph (A) to project data 
                collected during the period--
                            ``(i) beginning on the date that is 5 years 
                        after the date of completion of the project; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) ending on the date on which the 
                        updated report is submitted.
    ``(h) Eligible Project Costs.--
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible entity may use a grant 
        provided under the program for--
                    ``(A) development-phase activities and costs, 
                including planning, feasibility analysis, revenue 
                forecasting, alternatives analysis, data collection and 
                analysis, environmental review and activities to 
                support environmental review, preliminary engineering 
                and design work, and other preconstruction activities, 
                including the preparation of a data collection and 
                post-construction analysis plan under subsection (g); 
                and
                    ``(B) construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, 
                acquisition of real property (including land relating 
                to the project and improvements to that land), 
                environmental mitigation (including projects to replace 
                or rehabilitate culverts or reduce stormwater runoff 
                for the purpose of improving habitat for aquatic 
                species), construction contingencies, acquisition of 
                equipment, protection, and operational improvements 
                directly relating to the project.
            ``(2) Interest and other financing costs.--The interest and 
        other financing costs of carrying out any part of a project 
        under a multiyear grant agreement within a reasonable period of 
        time shall be considered to be an eligible project cost only if 
        the applicable eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that 
        the eligible entity has demonstrated reasonable diligence in 
        seeking the most favorable financing terms.
    ``(i) Cost Sharing.--
            ``(1) In general.--The total amount awarded for a project 
        under the program may not exceed 60 percent of the total 
        eligible project costs described in subsection (h).
            ``(2) Maximum federal involvement.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                Federal assistance other than a grant awarded under the 
                program may be provided for a project for which a grant 
                is awarded under the program.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The total amount of Federal 
                assistance provided for a project for which a grant is 
                awarded under the program shall not exceed 80 percent 
                of the total cost of the project.
                    ``(C) Local share.--Secured loans or financing 
                provided under section 603 of title 23 or section 22402 
                of this title and repaid with local funds or revenues 
                shall be considered to be part of the local share of 
                the cost of a project.
            ``(3) Application to multiyear agreements.--Notwithstanding 
        any other provision of this title, in any case in which amounts 
        are provided under the program pursuant to a multiyear 
        agreement, the disbursed Federal share of the cost of the 
        project may exceed the limitations described in paragraphs (1) 
        and (2)(B) for 1 or more years if the total amount of the 
        Federal share of the cost of the project, once completed, does 
        not exceed those limitations.
    ``(j) Grant Agreements.--
            ``(1) In general.--A project for which an eligible entity 
        receives a multiyear grant under the program shall be carried 
        out in accordance with this subsection.
            ``(2) Terms.--A multiyear grant agreement under this 
        subsection shall--
                    ``(A) establish the terms of Federal participation 
                in the applicable project;
                    ``(B) establish the maximum amount of Federal 
                financial assistance for the project;
                    ``(C) establish a schedule of anticipated Federal 
                obligations for the project that provides for 
                obligation of the full grant amount;
                    ``(D) describe the period of time for completing 
                the project, regardless of whether that period extends 
                beyond the period of an authorization; and
                    ``(E) facilitate timely and efficient management of 
                the applicable project by the eligible entity carrying 
                out the project, in accordance with applicable law.
            ``(3) Special rules.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A multiyear grant agreement 
                under this subsection--
                            ``(i) shall provide for the obligation of 
                        an amount of available budget authority 
                        specified in law;
                            ``(ii) may include a commitment, contingent 
                        on amounts to be specified in law in advance 
                        for commitments under this paragraph, to 
                        obligate an additional amount from future 
                        available budget authority specified in law; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) shall provide that any funds 
                        disbursed under the program for the project 
                        before the completion of any review required 
                        under the National Environmental Policy Act of 
                        1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) may only cover 
                        costs associated with development-phase 
                        activities described in subsection (h)(1)(A).
                    ``(B) Contingent commitment.--A contingent 
                commitment under this paragraph is not an obligation of 
                the Federal Government, including for purposes of 
                section 1501 of title 31.
            ``(4) Single-year grants.--The Secretary may only provide 
        to an eligible entity a full grant under the program in a 
        single year if all reviews required under the National 
        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with 
        respect to the applicable project have been completed before 
        the receipt of any program funds.
    ``(k) Congressional Notification.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 30 days before the date 
        on which the Secretary publishes the selection of projects to 
        receive grants under the program, the Secretary shall submit to 
        the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
        of the House of Representatives a written notice that 
        includes--
                    ``(A) a list of all project applications reviewed 
                by the Secretary as part of the selection process;
                    ``(B) the rating assigned to each project under 
                subsection (f)(4);
                    ``(C) an evaluation and justification with respect 
                to each project for which the Secretary will--
                            ``(i) provide a grant under the program; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) enter into a multiyear grant 
                        agreement under the program;
                    ``(D) a description of the means by which the 
                Secretary anticipates allocating among selected 
                projects the amounts made available to the Secretary to 
                carry out the program; and
                    ``(E) anticipated funding levels required for the 3 
                fiscal years beginning after the date of submission of 
                the notice for projects selected for grants under the 
                program, based on information available to the 
                Secretary as of that date.
            ``(2) Congressional disapproval.--The Secretary may not 
        provide a grant or any other obligation or commitment to fund a 
        project under the program if a joint resolution is enacted 
        disapproving funding for the project before the last day of the 
        30-day period described in paragraph (1).
    ``(l) Reports.--
            ``(1) Transparency.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
        on which the grants are announced under the program, the 
        Secretary shall publish on the website of the Department a 
        report that includes--
                    ``(A) a list of all project applications reviewed 
                by the Secretary as part of the selection process under 
                the program;
                    ``(B) the rating assigned to each project under 
                subsection (f)(4); and
                    ``(C) a description of each project for which a 
                grant has been provided under the program.
            ``(2) Comptroller general.--
                    ``(A) Assessment.--The Comptroller General of the 
                United States shall conduct an assessment of the 
                administrative establishment, solicitation, selection, 
                and justification process with respect to the funding 
                of grants under the program.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date on which the initial grants are awarded for 
                projects under the program, the Comptroller General 
                shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives a report that describes, as 
                applicable--
                            ``(i) the adequacy and fairness of the 
                        process by which the projects were selected; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) the justification and criteria used 
                        for the selection of the projects.
    ``(m) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        to the Secretary to carry out the program $2,000,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
            ``(2) Other projects.--Of the amounts made available under 
        paragraph (1), 50 percent shall be set aside for projects that 
        have a project cost of--
                    ``(A) more than $100,000,000; but
                    ``(B) less than $500,000,000.
            ``(3) Administrative expenses.--Of the amounts made 
        available to carry out the program for each fiscal year, the 
        Secretary may reserve not more than 2 percent for the costs 
        of--
                    ``(A) administering and overseeing the program; and
                    ``(B) hiring personnel for the program, including 
                personnel dedicated to processing permitting and 
                environmental review issues.
            ``(4) Transfer of authority.--The Secretary may transfer 
        any portion of the amounts reserved under paragraph (3) for a 
        fiscal year to the Administrator of any of the Federal Highway 
        Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Federal 
        Railroad Administration, or the Maritime Administration to 
        award and oversee grants in accordance with this section.
    ``(n) Additional Requirements.--Each project that receives a grant 
under the program shall achieve compliance with the applicable 
requirements of--
            ``(1) title 23 relating to highway, road, and bridge 
        projects;
            ``(2) subchapter IV of chapter 31 of title 40;
            ``(3) title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 
        2000d et seq.);
            ``(4) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
        U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
            ``(5) chapter 53 relating to transit projects; and
            ``(6) section 22905, as applicable, relating to rail 
        projects.''.

SEC. 1202. LOCAL AND REGIONAL PROJECT ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 67 of subtitle III of title 49, United 
States Code (as added by section 1201), is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
``Sec. 6702. Local and regional project assistance
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Area of persistent poverty.--The term `area of 
        persistent poverty' means--
                    ``(A) any county (or equivalent jurisdiction) in 
                which, during the 30-year period ending on the date of 
                enactment of this chapter, 20 percent or more of the 
                population continually lived in poverty, as measured 
                by--
                            ``(i) the 1990 decennial census;
                            ``(ii) the 2000 decennial census; and
                            ``(iii) the most recent annual small area 
                        income and poverty estimate of the Bureau of 
                        the Census;
                    ``(B) any census tract with a poverty rate of not 
                less than 20 percent, as measured by the 5-year data 
                series available from the American Community Survey of 
                the Bureau of the Census for the period of 2014 through 
                2018; and
                    ``(C) any territory or possession of the United 
                States.
            ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a State;
                    ``(B) the District of Columbia;
                    ``(C) any territory or possession of the United 
                States;
                    ``(D) a unit of local government;
                    ``(E) a public agency or publicly chartered 
                authority established by 1 or more States;
                    ``(F) a special purpose district or public 
                authority with a transportation function, including a 
                port authority;
                    ``(G) a federally recognized Indian Tribe or a 
                consortium of such Indian Tribes;
                    ``(H) a transit agency; and
                    ``(I) a multi-State or multijurisdictional group of 
                entities described in any of subparagraphs (A) through 
                (H).
            ``(3) Eligible project.--The term `eligible project' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a highway or bridge project eligible for 
                assistance under title 23;
                    ``(B) a public transportation project eligible for 
                assistance under chapter 53;
                    ``(C) a passenger rail or freight rail 
                transportation project eligible for assistance under 
                this title;
                    ``(D) a port infrastructure investment, including--
                            ``(i) inland port infrastructure; and
                            ``(ii) a land port-of-entry;
                    ``(E) the surface transportation components of an 
                airport project eligible for assistance under part B of 
                subtitle VII;
                    ``(F) a project for investment in a surface 
                transportation facility located on Tribal land, the 
                title or maintenance responsibility of which is vested 
                in the Federal Government;
                    ``(G) a project to replace or rehabilitate a 
                culvert or prevent stormwater runoff for the purpose of 
                improving habitat for aquatic species that will advance 
                the goal of the program described in subsection (b)(2); 
                and
                    ``(H) any other surface transportation 
                infrastructure project that the Secretary considers to 
                be necessary to advance the goal of the program.
            ``(4) Program.--The term `program' means the Local and 
        Regional Project Assistance Program established under 
        subsection (b)(1).
            ``(5) Rural area.--The term `rural area' means an area that 
        is located outside of an urbanized area.
            ``(6) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
            ``(7) Urbanized area.--The term `urbanized area' means an 
        area with a population of more than 200,000 residents, based on 
        the most recent decennial census.
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish and carry 
        out a program, to be known as the `Local and Regional Project 
        Assistance Program', to provide for capital investments in 
        surface transportation infrastructure.
            ``(2) Goal.--The goal of the program shall be to fund 
        eligible projects that will have a significant local or 
        regional impact and improve transportation infrastructure.
    ``(c) Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the 
        Secretary may make grants to eligible entities, on a 
        competitive basis, in accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Amount.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        section, each grant made under the program shall be in an 
        amount equal to--
                    ``(A) not less than $5,000,000 for an urbanized 
                area;
                    ``(B) not less than $1,000,000 for a rural area; 
                and
                    ``(C) not more than $25,000,000.
            ``(3) Limitation.--Not more than 15 percent of the funds 
        made available to carry out the program for a fiscal year may 
        be awarded to eligible projects in a single State during that 
        fiscal year.
    ``(d) Selection of Eligible Projects.--
            ``(1) Notice of funding opportunity.--Not later than 60 
        days after the date on which funds are made available to carry 
        out the program, the Secretary shall publish a notice of 
        funding opportunity for the funds.
            ``(2) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
        under the program, an eligible entity shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application--
                    ``(A) in such form and containing such information 
                as the Secretary considers to be appropriate; and
                    ``(B) by such date as the Secretary may establish, 
                subject to the condition that the date shall be not 
                later than 90 days after the date on which the 
                Secretary issues the solicitation under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Primary selection criteria.--In awarding grants under 
        the program, the Secretary shall evaluate the extent to which a 
        project--
                    ``(A) improves safety;
                    ``(B) improves environmental sustainability;
                    ``(C) improves the quality of life of rural areas 
                or urbanized areas;
                    ``(D) increases economic competitiveness and 
                opportunity;
                    ``(E) contributes to a state of good repair; and
                    ``(F) improves mobility and community connectivity.
            ``(4) Additional selection criteria.--In selecting projects 
        to receive grants under the program, the Secretary shall take 
        into consideration the extent to which--
                    ``(A) the project sponsors collaborated with other 
                public and private entities;
                    ``(B) the project adopts innovative technologies or 
                techniques, including--
                            ``(i) innovative technology;
                            ``(ii) innovative project delivery 
                        techniques; and
                            ``(iii) innovative project financing;
                    ``(C) the project has demonstrated readiness; and
                    ``(D) the project is cost effective.
            ``(5) Transparency.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, shall evaluate, 
                through a methodology that is discernible and 
                transparent to the public, the means by which each 
                application submitted under paragraph (2) addresses the 
                criteria under paragraphs (3) and (4) or otherwise 
                established by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Publication.--The methodology under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be published by the Secretary as 
                part of the notice of funding opportunity under the 
                program.
            ``(6) Awards.--Not later than 270 days after the date on 
        which amounts are made available to provide grants under the 
        program for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall announce the 
        selection by the Secretary of eligible projects to receive the 
        grants in accordance with this section.
            ``(7) Technical assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--On request of an eligible entity 
                that submitted an application under paragraph (2) for a 
                project that is not selected to receive a grant under 
                the program, the Secretary shall provide to the 
                eligible entity technical assistance and briefings 
                relating to the project.
                    ``(B) Treatment.--Technical assistance provided 
                under this paragraph shall not be considered to provide 
                a guarantee of future selection of the applicable 
                project under the program.
    ``(e) Federal Share.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        Federal share of the cost of an eligible project carried out 
        using a grant provided under the program shall not exceed 80 
        percent.
            ``(2) Exception.--The Federal share of the cost of an 
        eligible project carried out in a rural area or an area of 
        persistent poverty using a grant under this subsection may 
        exceed 80 percent, at the discretion of the Secretary.
            ``(3) Treatment of other federal funds.--Amounts provided 
        under any of the following programs shall be considered to be a 
        part of the non-Federal share for purposes of this subsection:
                    ``(A) The tribal transportation program under 
                section 202 of title 23.
                    ``(B) The Federal lands transportation program 
                under section 203 of title 23.
                    ``(C) The TIFIA program (as defined in section 
                601(a) of title 23).
                    ``(D) The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement 
                Financing Program under chapter 224.
            ``(4) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not take into 
        consideration the Federal share in selecting eligible projects 
        to receive grants under the program.
    ``(f) Other Considerations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Of the total amount made available to 
        carry out the program for each fiscal year--
                    ``(A) not more than 50 percent shall be allocated 
                for eligible projects located in rural areas; and
                    ``(B) not more than 50 percent shall be allocated 
                for eligible projects located in urbanized areas.
            ``(2) Historically disadvantaged communities and areas of 
        persistent poverty.--Of the total amount made available to 
        carry out the program for each fiscal year, not less than 1 
        percent shall be awarded for projects in historically 
        disadvantaged communities or areas of persistent poverty.
            ``(3) Multimodal and geographical considerations.--In 
        selecting projects to receive grants under the program, the 
        Secretary shall take into consideration geographical and modal 
        diversity.
    ``(g) Project Planning.--Of the amounts made available to carry out 
the program for each fiscal year, not less than 5 percent shall be made 
available for the planning, preparation, or design of eligible 
projects.
    ``(h) Transfer of Authority.--Of the amounts made available to 
carry out the program for each fiscal year, the Secretary may transfer 
not more than 2 percent for a fiscal year to the Administrator of any 
of the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Transit 
Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration, or the Maritime 
Administration to award and oversee grants and credit assistance in 
accordance with this section.
    ``(i) Credit Program Costs.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), at the request 
        of an eligible entity, the Secretary may use a grant provided 
        to the eligible entity under the program to pay the subsidy or 
        credit risk premium, and the administrative costs, of an 
        eligible project that is eligible for Federal credit assistance 
        under--
                    ``(A) chapter 224; or
                    ``(B) chapter 6 of title 23.
            ``(2) Limitation.--Not more than 20 percent of the funds 
        made available to carry out the program for a fiscal year may 
        be used to carry out paragraph (1).
    ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $1,500,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2022 through 2026, to remain available for a period of 3 
fiscal years following the fiscal year for which the amounts are 
appropriated.
    ``(k) Reports.--
            ``(1) Annual report.--The Secretary shall make available on 
        the website of the Department of Transportation at the end of 
        each fiscal year an annual report that describes each eligible 
        project for which a grant was provided under the program during 
        that fiscal year.
            ``(2) Comptroller general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date on which the initial grants are awarded for eligible 
        projects under the program, the Comptroller General of the 
        United States shall--
                    ``(A) review the administration of the program, 
                including--
                            ``(i) the solicitation process; and
                            ``(ii) the selection process, including--
                                    ``(I) the adequacy and fairness of 
                                the process; and
                                    ``(II) the selection criteria; and
                    ``(B) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
                and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives a report describing the findings of the 
                review under subparagraph (A), including 
                recommendations for improving the administration of the 
                program, if any.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for subtitle III of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

           ``CHAPTER 67--National Infrastructure Investments

``Sec. 6701. National infrastructure project assistance.
``Sec. 6702. Local and regional project assistance.''.

SEC. 1203. NATIONAL CULVERT REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT, AND RESTORATION GRANT 
              PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 67 of title 49, United States Code (as 
amended by section 1202(a)), is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 6703. National culvert removal, replacement, and restoration 
              grant program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian Tribe' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
            ``(2) Program.--The term `program' means the annual 
        competitive grant program established under subsection (b).
            ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
            ``(4) Undersecretary.--The term `Undersecretary' means the 
        Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Undersecretary, shall establish an annual competitive grant program to 
award grants to eligible entities for--
            ``(1) projects for the replacement, removal, and repair of 
        culverts that would meaningfully improve or restore fish 
        passage for anadromous fish; or
            ``(2) projects with the goal of addressing freshwater 
        runoff that impacts marine or anadromous fish and shellfish 
        species.
    ``(c) Eligible Entities.--An entity eligible to receive a grant 
under the program is--
            ``(1) a State;
            ``(2) a unit of local government; or
            ``(3) an Indian Tribe.
    ``(d) Grant Selection Process.--The Secretary, in consultation with 
the Undersecretary, shall establish a process for determining criteria 
for awarding grants under the program, subject to subsection (e).
    ``(e) Prioritization.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Undersecretary, shall establish procedures to prioritize awarding 
grants under the program to--
            ``(1) projects that would improve fish passage for--
                    ``(A) anadromous fish stocks listed as an 
                endangered species or a threatened species under 
                section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 
                U.S.C. 1533);
                    ``(B) anadromous fish stocks identified by the 
                Undersecretary that could reasonably become listed as 
                an endangered species or a threatened species under 
                that section;
                    ``(C) anadromous fish stocks identified by the 
                Undersecretary as prey for endangered species, 
                threatened species, or protected species, including 
                Southern resident orcas (Orcinus orcas); or
                    ``(D) anadromous fish stocks identified by the 
                Undersecretary as climate resilient stocks; and
            ``(2) with respect to culvert removal, projects that would 
        open up more than 200 meters of upstream habitat before the end 
        of the natural habitat.
    ``(f) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project 
carried out with a grant to a State or a unit of local government under 
the program shall be not more than 80 percent.
    ``(g) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary, in consultation with 
the Undersecretary, shall develop a process to provide technical 
assistance to Indian Tribes and underserved communities to assist in 
the project design and grant process and procedures.
    ``(h) Administrative Expenses.--Of the amounts made available for 
each fiscal year to carry out the program, the Secretary and the 
Undersecretary may use not more than 2 percent to pay the 
administrative expenses necessary to carry out this section.
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out the program $800,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2022 through 2026.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 67 of title 49, 
United States Code (as added by section 1202(b)), is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

``6703. National culvert removal, replacement, and restoration grant 
                            program.''.

SEC. 1204. NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT MULTIMODAL FREIGHT PROJECTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 117 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``multimodal'' 
        before ``freight'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``highway'' 
                and inserting ``freight''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``highway'' 
                and inserting ``freight'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (iii)(II), by striking ``or'' 
                        after the semicolon at the end;
                            (ii) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end and inserting ``or''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) a highway, bridge, or freight project 
                        carried out on the National Multimodal Freight 
                        Network established under section 70103 of 
                        title 49; and''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$600,000,000'' 
                and inserting ``50 percent'';
            (4) in subsection (e)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``10 percent'' and inserting ``not 
                less than 15 percent'';
                    (B) by striking ``subsection (d)(1)(A)'' and 
                inserting ``subsection (d)(1)''; and
                    (C) by striking ``subsection (d)(1)(B)'' and 
                inserting ``subsection (d)(2)'';
            (5) in subsection (f)(2), by inserting ``(including a 
        project to replace or rehabilitate a culvert, or to reduce 
        stormwater runoff for the purpose of improving habitat for 
        aquatic species)'' after ``environmental mitigation'';
            (6) in subsection (m), by striking paragraph (1) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days before the date 
        on which a grant is provided for a project under this section, 
        the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation and Environment and Public Works of 
        the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report 
        describing the proposed grant, including--
                    ``(A) an evaluation and justification for the 
                applicable project; and
                    ``(B) a description of the amount of the proposed 
                grant award.''; and
            (7) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(o) Additional Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to 
amounts made available from the Highway Trust Fund, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, to remain 
available for a period of 3 fiscal years following the fiscal year for 
which the amounts are appropriated--
            ``(1) $1,100,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $1,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $1,300,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $1,400,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $1,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 116(d)(1)(D) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``freight and highway projects 
program'' and inserting ``multimodal freight and highway projects 
program''.

SEC. 1205. NATIONAL MULTIMODAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT RESEARCH PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 702 of title 49, United States Code (as 
amended by section 1106(a)), is amended by inserting after section 
70204 the following:
``Sec. 70205. National multimodal cooperative freight research program
    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation (referred to 
in this section as the `Secretary') shall establish and support a 
national cooperative freight transportation research program.
    ``(b) Administration by National Academy of Sciences.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into an 
        agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to support and 
        carry out administrative and management activities under the 
        program established under subsection (a).
            ``(2) Advisory committee.--To assist the National Academy 
        of Sciences in carrying out this subsection, the National 
        Academy shall establish an advisory committee, the members of 
        which represent a cross-section of multimodal freight 
        stakeholders, including--
                    ``(A) the Department of Transportation and other 
                relevant Federal departments and agencies;
                    ``(B) State (including the District of Columbia) 
                departments of transportation;
                    ``(C) units of local government, including public 
                port authorities;
                    ``(D) nonprofit entities;
                    ``(E) institutions of higher education;
                    ``(F) labor organizations representing employees in 
                freight industries; and
                    ``(G) private sector entities representing various 
                transportation modes.
    ``(c) Activities.--
            ``(1) National research agenda.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The advisory committee 
                established under subsection (b)(2), in consultation 
                with interested parties, shall recommend a national 
                research agenda for the program in accordance with 
                subsection (d), which shall include a multiyear 
                strategic plan.
                    ``(B) Action by interested parties.--For purposes 
                of subparagraph (A), an interested party may--
                            ``(i) submit to the advisory committee 
                        research proposals;
                            ``(ii) participate in merit reviews of 
                        research proposals and peer reviews of research 
                        products; and
                            ``(iii) receive research results.
            ``(2) Research contracts and grants.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The National Academy of Sciences 
                may award research contracts and grants under the 
                program established under subsection (a) through--
                            ``(i) open competition; and
                            ``(ii) merit review, conducted on a regular 
                        basis.
                    ``(B) Evaluation.--
                            ``(i) Peer review.--A contract or grant for 
                        research under subparagraph (A) may allow peer 
                        review of the research results.
                            ``(ii) Programmatic evaluations.--The 
                        National Academy of Sciences may conduct 
                        periodic programmatic evaluations on a regular 
                        basis of a contract or grant for research under 
                        subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Dissemination of findings.--The National 
                Academy of Sciences shall disseminate the findings of 
                any research conducted under this paragraph to relevant 
                researchers, practitioners, and decisionmakers 
                through--
                            ``(i) conferences and seminars;
                            ``(ii) field demonstrations;
                            ``(iii) workshops;
                            ``(iv) training programs;
                            ``(v) presentations;
                            ``(vi) testimony to government officials;
                            ``(vii) publicly accessible websites;
                            ``(viii) publications for the general 
                        public; and
                            ``(ix) other appropriate means.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        establishment of the program under subsection (a), and annually 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall make available on a public 
        website a report that describes the ongoing research and 
        findings under the program.
    ``(d) Areas for Research.--The national research agenda under 
subsection (c)(1) shall consider research in the following areas:
            ``(1) Improving the efficiency and resiliency of freight 
        movement, including--
                    ``(A) improving the connections between rural areas 
                and domestic and foreign markets;
                    ``(B) maximizing infrastructure utility, including 
                improving urban curb-use efficiency;
                    ``(C) quantifying the national impact of blocked 
                railroad crossings;
                    ``(D) improved techniques for estimating and 
                quantifying public benefits derived from freight 
                transportation projects; and
                    ``(E) low-cost methods to reduce congestion at 
                bottlenecks.
            ``(2) Adapting to future trends in freight, including--
                    ``(A) considering the impacts of e-commerce;
                    ``(B) automation; and
                    ``(C) zero-emissions transportation.
            ``(3) Workforce considerations in freight, including--
                    ``(A) diversifying the freight transportation 
                industry workforce; and
                    ``(B) creating and transitioning a workforce 
                capable of designing, deploying, and operating emerging 
                technologies.
    ``(e) Federal Share.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Federal share of the cost of an 
        activity carried out under this section shall be up to 100 
        percent.
            ``(2) Use of non-federal funds.--In addition to using funds 
        made available to carry out this section, the National Academy 
        of Sciences may seek and accept additional funding from public 
        and private entities capable of accepting funding from the 
        Department of Transportation, States, units of local 
        government, nonprofit entities, and the private sector.
    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary $3,750,000 for each fiscal year to carry 
out the program established under subsection (a), to remain available 
until expended.
    ``(g) Sunset.--The program established under subsection (a) shall 
terminate 5 years after the date of enactment of this section.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 702 of title 49, 
United States Code (as amended by section 1106(b)), is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 70204 the following:

``70205. National multimodal cooperative freight research program.''.

SEC. 1206. RURAL AND TRIBAL INFRASTRUCTURE ADVANCEMENT.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Build america bureau.--The term ``Build America 
        Bureau'' means the National Surface Transportation and 
        Innovative Finance Bureau established under section 116 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) a unit of local government or political 
                subdivision that is located outside of an urbanized 
                area with a population of more than 150,000 residents, 
                as determined by the Bureau of the Census;
                    (B) a State seeking to advance a project located in 
                an area described in subparagraph (A); and
                    (C) a federally recognized Indian Tribe.
            (3) Eligible program.--The term ``eligible program'' means 
        any program described in--
                    (A) subparagraph (A), (B), or (D) of section 
                116(d)(1) of title 49, United States Code; or
                    (B) chapter 67 of that title (as added by section 
                1201).
            (4) Pilot program.--The term ``pilot program'' means the 
        Rural and Tribal Assistance Pilot Program established under 
        subsection (b)(1).
    (b) Establishment.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
        Build America Bureau a pilot program, to be known as the 
        ``Rural and Tribal Assistance Pilot Program'', to provide to 
        eligible entities the assistance and information described in 
        paragraph (2).
            (2) Assistance and information.--In carrying out the pilot 
        program, the Secretary may provide to an eligible entity the 
        following:
                    (A) Financial, technical, and legal assistance to 
                evaluate potential projects reasonably expected to be 
                eligible to receive funding or financing assistance 
                under an eligible program.
                    (B) Assistance with development-phase activities, 
                including--
                            (i) project planning;
                            (ii) feasibility studies;
                            (iii) revenue forecasting and funding and 
                        financing options analyses;
                            (iv) environmental review;
                            (v) preliminary engineering and design 
                        work;
                            (vi) economic assessments and cost-benefit 
                        analyses;
                            (vii) public benefit studies;
                            (viii) statutory and regulatory framework 
                        analyses;
                            (ix) value for money studies;
                            (x) evaluations of costs to sustain the 
                        project;
                            (xi) evaluating opportunities for private 
                        financing and project bundling; and
                            (xii) any other activity determined to be 
                        appropriate by the Secretary.
                    (C) Information regarding innovative financing best 
                practices and case studies, if the eligible entity is 
                interested in using innovative financing methods.
    (c) Assistance From Expert Firms.--The Secretary may retain the 
services of expert firms, including counsel, in the field of municipal 
and project finance to assist in providing financial, technical, and 
legal assistance to eligible entities under the pilot program.
    (d) Website.--
            (1) Description of pilot program.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall make publicly 
                available on the website of the Department a 
                description of the pilot program, including--
                            (i) the resources available to eligible 
                        entities under the pilot program; and
                            (ii) the application process established 
                        under paragraph (2)(A).
                    (B) Clearinghouse.--The Secretary may establish a 
                clearinghouse for tools, templates, and best practices 
                on the page of the website of the Department that 
                contains the information described in subparagraph (A).
            (2) Applications.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                establish a process by which an eligible entity may 
                submit to the Secretary an application under the pilot 
                program, in such form and containing such information 
                as the Secretary may require.
                    (B) Online portal.--The Secretary shall develop and 
                make available to the public an online portal through 
                which the Secretary may receive applications under 
                subparagraph (A), on a rolling basis.
                    (C) Approval.--
                            (i) In general.--Not later than 60 days 
                        after the date on which the Secretary receives 
                        a complete application under subparagraph (A), 
                        the Secretary shall provide to each eligible 
                        entity that submitted the application a notice 
                        describing whether the application is approved 
                        or disapproved.
                            (ii) Additional written notification.--
                                    (I) In general.--Not later than 30 
                                days after the date on which the 
                                Secretary provides to an eligible 
                                entity a notification under clause (i), 
                                the Secretary shall provide to the 
                                eligible entity an additional written 
                                notification of the approval or 
                                disapproval of the application.
                                    (II) Disapproved applications.--If 
                                the application of an eligible entity 
                                is disapproved under this subparagraph, 
                                the additional written notification 
                                provided to the eligible entity under 
                                subclause (I) shall include an offer 
                                for a written or telephonic debrief by 
                                the Secretary that will provide an 
                                explanation of, and guidance regarding, 
                                the reasons why the application was 
                                disapproved.
                            (iii) Insufficient applications.--The 
                        Secretary shall not approve an application 
                        under this subparagraph if the application 
                        fails to meet the applicable criteria 
                        established under this section.
            (3) Dashboard.--The Secretary shall publish on the website 
        of the Department a monthly report that includes, for each 
        application received under the pilot program--
                    (A) the type of eligible entity that submitted the 
                application;
                    (B) the location of each potential project 
                described in the application;
                    (C) a brief description of the assistance 
                requested;
                    (D) the date on which the Secretary received the 
                application; and
                    (E) the date on which the Secretary provided the 
                notice of approval or disapproval under paragraph 
                (2)(C)(i).
    (e) Experts.--An eligible entity that receives assistance under the 
pilot program may retain the services of an expert for any phase of a 
project carried out using the assistance, including project 
development, regardless of whether the expert is retained by the 
Secretary under subsection (c).
    (f) Funding.--
            (1) In general.--For each of fiscal years 2022 through 
        2026, the Secretary may use to carry out the pilot program, 
        including to retain the services of expert firms under 
        subsection (c), any amount made available to the Secretary to 
        provide credit assistance under an eligible program that is not 
        otherwise obligated, subject to paragraph (2).
            (2) Limitation.--The amount used under paragraph (1) to 
        carry out the pilot program shall be not more than--
                    (A) $1,600,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (B) $1,800,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (C) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    (D) $2,200,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    (E) $2,400,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            (3) Geographical distribution.--Not more than 20 percent of 
        the funds made available to carry out the pilot program for a 
        fiscal year may be used for projects in a single State during 
        that fiscal year.
    (g) Sunset.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date that is 
5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (h) Nonapplicability.--Nothing in this section limits the ability 
of the Build America Bureau or the Secretary to establish or carry out 
any other assistance program under title 23 or title 49, United States 
Code.
    (i) Administration by Build America Bureau.--Section 116(d)(1) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
                    ``(E) The Rural and Tribal Assistance Pilot Program 
                established under section 1206(b)(1) of the Surface 
                Transportation Investment Act of 2021.''.

 Subtitle C--Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing Reforms

SEC. 1301. RRIF CODIFICATION AND REFORMS.

    (a) Codification of Title V of the Railroad Revitalization and 
Regulatory Reform Act of 1976.--Part B of subtitle V of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting after chapter 223 the following chapter 
        analysis:

    ``Chapter 224--Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing

``Sec.
``22401. Definitions.
``22402. Direct loans and loan guarantees.
``22403. Administration of direct loans and loan guarantees.
``22404. Employee protection.
``22405. Authorization of appropriations.'';
            (2) by inserting after the chapter analysis the following 
        section headings:
``Sec. 22401. Definitions
``Sec. 22402. Direct loans and loan guarantees
``Sec. 22403. Administration of direct loans and loan guarantees
``Sec. 22404. Employee protection'';
            (3) by inserting after the section heading for section 
        22401, as added by paragraph (2), the text of section 501 of 
        the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 
        (45 U.S.C. 821);
            (4) by inserting after the section heading for section 
        22402, as added by paragraph (2), the text of section 502 of 
        the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 
        (45 U.S.C. 822);
            (5) by inserting after the section heading for section 
        22403, as added by paragraph (2), the text of section 503 of 
        the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 
        (45 U.S.C. 823); and
            (6) by inserting after the section heading for section 
        22404, as added by paragraph (2), the text of section 504 of 
        the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 
        (45 U.S.C. 836).
    (b) Conforming Repeals.--
            (1) In general.--Sections 501, 502, 503, and 504 of the 
        Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 
        U.S.C. 821, 822, 823, and 836) are repealed.
            (2) Savings provision.--The section repeals under paragraph 
        (1) shall not affect the rights and duties that matured under 
        such sections, the penalties that were incurred under such 
        sections, or any proceeding authorized under any such section 
        that commenced before the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Definitions.--Section 22401 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by subsection (a)(2), and amended by subsection (a)(3), is 
further amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``For purposes of this title:'' and inserting ``In this 
        chapter:'';
            (2) by amending paragraph (12) to read as follows:
            ``(12) The term `railroad' includes--
                    ``(A) any `railroad' or `railroad carrier' (as such 
                terms are defined in section 20102); and
                    ``(B) any `rail carrier' (as defined in section 
                24102).'';
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (14) as paragraph (15); and
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (13) the following:
            ``(14) The term `Secretary' means the Secretary of 
        Transportation.''.
    (d) Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees.--Section 22402 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by subsection (a)(2), and amended by 
subsection (a)(4), is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``entities 
                implementing'' before ``interstate compacts'';
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end; and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(6) limited option freight shippers that own or operate a 
        plant or other facility, solely for the purpose of constructing 
        a rail connection between a plant or facility and a railroad; 
        and
            ``(7) private entities with controlling ownership in 1 or 
        more freight railroads other than Class I carriers.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--Direct loans and loan guarantees 
        authorized under this section shall be used--
                    ``(A) to acquire, improve, or rehabilitate 
                intermodal or rail equipment or facilities, including 
                track, components of track, cuts and fills, stations, 
                tunnels, bridges, yards, buildings, and shops, and 
                costs related to these activities, including pre-
                construction costs;
                    ``(B) to develop or establish new intermodal or 
                railroad facilities;
                    ``(C) to develop landside port infrastructure for 
                seaports serviced by rail;
                    ``(D) to refinance outstanding debt incurred for 
                the purposes described in subparagraph (A), (B), or 
                (C);
                    ``(E) to reimburse planning, permitting, and design 
                expenses relating to activities described in 
                subparagraph (A), (B), or (C); or
                    ``(F) to finance economic development, including 
                commercial and residential development, and related 
                infrastructure and activities, that--
                            ``(i) incorporates private investment of 
                        greater than 20 percent of total project costs;
                            ``(ii) is physically connected to, or is 
                        within \1/2\ mile of, a fixed guideway transit 
                        station, an intercity bus station, a passenger 
                        rail station, or a multimodal station that 
                        includes rail service;
                            ``(iii) demonstrates the ability of the 
                        applicant to commence the contracting process 
                        for construction not later than 90 days after 
                        the date on which the direct loan or loan 
                        guarantee is obligated for the project under 
                        this chapter; and
                            ``(iv) demonstrates the ability to generate 
                        new revenue for the relevant passenger rail 
                        station or service by increasing ridership, 
                        increasing tenant lease payments, or carrying 
                        out other activities that generate revenue 
                        exceeding costs.''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (3);
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``of title 49, 
                United States Code''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``title 49, 
                United States Code,'' and inserting ``this title'';
            (4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (1) to read as 
        follows:
            ``(1) Direct loans.--The interest rate on a direct loan 
        under this section shall be not less than the yield on United 
        States Treasury securities of a similar maturity to the 
        maturity of the secured loan on the date of execution of the 
        loan agreement.'';
            (5) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``An applicant may 
                                propose and'' and inserting ``Upon 
                                receipt of a proposal from an applicant 
                                under this section,''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``tangible asset'' 
                                and inserting ``collateral described in 
                                paragraph (6)'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting 
                        ``, including operating or tenant charges, 
                        facility rents, or other fees paid by 
                        transportation service providers or operators 
                        for access to, or the use of, infrastructure, 
                        including rail lines, bridges, tunnels, yards, 
                        or stations'' after ``user fees'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``$75,000,000'' and inserting ``$150,000,000''; 
                        and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Revenue from projected freight or passenger 
                demand for the project based on regionally developed 
                economic forecasts, including projections of any modal 
                diversion resulting from the project.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Cohorts of loans.--For any direct loan issued before 
        the date of enactment of the Fixing America's Surface 
        Transportation Act (Public Law 114-94) pursuant to sections 501 
        through 504 of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory 
        Reform Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-210), the Secretary shall 
        repay the credit risk premiums of such loan, with interest 
        accrued thereon, not later than--
                    ``(A) 60 days after the date of enactment of the 
                Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021 if the 
                borrower has satisfied all obligations attached to such 
                loan; or
                    ``(B) if the borrower has not yet satisfied all 
                obligations attached to such loan, 60 days after the 
                date on which all obligations attached to such loan 
                have been satisfied.
            ``(6) Collateral.--
                    ``(A) Types of collateral.--An applicant or 
                infrastructure partner may propose tangible and 
                intangible assets as collateral, exclusive of goodwill. 
                The Secretary, after evaluating each such asset--
                            ``(i) shall accept a net liquidation value 
                        of collateral; and
                            ``(ii) shall consider and may accept--
                                    ``(I) the market value of 
                                collateral; or
                                    ``(II) in the case of a blanket 
                                pledge or assignment of an entire 
                                operating asset or basket of assets as 
                                collateral, the market value of assets, 
                                or, the market value of the going 
                                concern, considering--
                                            ``(aa) inclusion in the 
                                        pledge of all the assets 
                                        necessary for independent 
                                        operational utility of the 
                                        collateral, including tangible 
                                        assets such as real property, 
                                        track and structure, motive 
                                        power, equipment and rolling 
                                        stock, stations, systems and 
                                        maintenance facilities and 
                                        intangible assets such as long-
                                        term shipping agreements, 
                                        easements, leases and access 
                                        rights such as for trackage and 
                                        haulage;
                                            ``(bb) interchange 
                                        commitments; and
                                            ``(cc) the value of the 
                                        asset as determined through the 
                                        cost or market approaches, or 
                                        the market value of the going 
                                        concern, with the latter 
                                        considering discounted cash 
                                        flows for a period not to 
                                        exceed the term of the direct 
                                        loan or loan guarantee.
                    ``(B) Appraisal standards.--In evaluating 
                appraisals of collateral under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall consider--
                            ``(i) adherence to the substance and 
                        principles of the Uniform Standards of 
                        Professional Appraisal Practice, as developed 
                        by the Appraisal Standards Board of the 
                        Appraisal Foundation; and
                            ``(ii) the qualifications of the appraisers 
                        to value the type of collateral offered.
            ``(7) Repayment of credit risk premiums.--The Secretary 
        shall return credit risk premiums paid, and interest accrued on 
        such premiums, to the original source when all obligations of a 
        loan or loan guarantee have been satisfied. This paragraph 
        applies to any project that has been granted assistance under 
        this section after the date of enactment of the Surface 
        Transportation Investment Act of 2021.'';
            (6) in subsection (g), by amending paragraph (1) the read 
        as follows:
            ``(1) repayment of the obligation is required to be made 
        within a term that is not longer than the shorter of--
                    ``(A) 75 years after the date of substantial 
                completion of the project;
                    ``(B) the estimated useful life of the rail 
                equipment or facilities to be acquired, rehabilitated, 
                improved, developed, or established, subject to an 
                adequate determination of long-term risk; or
                    ``(C) for projects determined to have an estimated 
                useful life that is longer than 35 years, the period 
                that is equal to the sum of--
                            ``(i) 35 years; and
                            ``(ii) the product of--
                                    ``(I) the difference between the 
                                estimated useful life and 35 years; 
                                multiplied by
                                    ``(II) 75 percent.'';
            (7) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking ``section 836 
                of this title'' and inserting ``section 22404''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``(b)(1)(E)'' and 
                inserting ``(b)(1)(F)'';
            (8) in subsection (i)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
            ``(4) Streamline application review process.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of the Surface Transportation 
                Investment Act of 2021, the Secretary shall implement 
                procedures and measures to economize and make available 
                an expedited application process or processes at the 
                request of applicants seeking loans or loan guarantees.
                    ``(B) Criteria.--Applicants seeking loans and loan 
                guarantees under this section shall--
                            ``(i) seek a total loan or loan guarantee 
                        value not exceeding $150,000,000;
                            ``(ii) meet eligible project purposes 
                        described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
                        subsection (b)(1); and
                            ``(iii) meet other criteria considered 
                        appropriate by the Secretary, in consultation 
                        with the Council on Credit and Finance of the 
                        Department of Transportation.
                    ``(C) Expedited credit review.--The total period 
                between the submission of an application and the 
                approval or disapproval of an application for a direct 
                loan or loan guarantee under this paragraph may not 
                exceed 90 days. If an application review conducted 
                under this paragraph exceeds 90 days, the Secretary 
                shall--
                            ``(i) provide written notice to the 
                        applicant, including a justification for the 
                        delay and updated estimate of the time needed 
                        for approval or disapproval; and
                            ``(ii) publish the notice on the dashboard 
                        described in paragraph (5).'';
                    (B) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by adding ``; 
                        and'' at the end; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) whether the project utilized the expedited 
                application process under paragraph (4).''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Creditworthiness review status.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall maintain 
                status information related to each application for a 
                loan or loan guarantee, which shall be provided to the 
                applicant upon request, including--
                            ``(i) the total value of the proposed loan 
                        or loan guarantee;
                            ``(ii) the name of the applicant or 
                        applicants submitting the application;
                            ``(iii) the proposed capital structure of 
                        the project to which the loan or loan guarantee 
                        would be applied, including the proposed 
                        Federal and non-Federal shares of the total 
                        project cost;
                            ``(iv) the type of activity to receive 
                        credit assistance, including whether the 
                        project is new construction, the rehabilitation 
                        of existing rail equipment or facilities, or 
                        the refinancing an existing loan or loan 
                        guarantee;
                            ``(v) if a deferred payment is proposed, 
                        the length of such deferment;
                            ``(vi) the credit rating or ratings 
                        provided for the applicant;
                            ``(vii) if other credit instruments are 
                        involved, the proposed subordination 
                        relationship and a description of such other 
                        credit instruments;
                            ``(viii) a schedule for the readiness of 
                        proposed investments for financing;
                            ``(ix) a description of any Federal permits 
                        required, including under the National 
                        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 
                        4321 et seq.) and any waivers under section 
                        5323(j) (commonly known as the `Buy America 
                        Act');
                            ``(x) other characteristics of the proposed 
                        activity to be financed, borrower, key 
                        agreements, or the nature of the credit that 
                        the Secretary considers to be fundamental to 
                        the creditworthiness review;
                            ``(xi) the status of the application in the 
                        pre-application review and selection process;
                            ``(xii) the cumulative amounts paid by the 
                        Secretary to outside advisors related to the 
                        application, including financial and legal 
                        advisors;
                            ``(xiii) a description of the key rating 
                        factors used by the Secretary to determine 
                        credit risk, including--
                                    ``(I) the factors used to determine 
                                risk for the proposed application; and
                                    ``(II) an adjectival risk rating 
                                for each identified factor, ranked as 
                                either low, moderate, or high;
                            ``(xiv) a nonbinding estimate of the credit 
                        risk premium, which may be in the form of--
                                    ``(I) a range, based on the 
                                assessment of risk factors described in 
                                clause (xiii); or
                                    ``(II) a justification for why the 
                                estimate of the credit risk premium 
                                cannot be determined based on available 
                                information; and
                            ``(xv) a description of the key information 
                        the Secretary needs from the applicant to 
                        complete the credit review process and make a 
                        final determination of the credit risk premium.
                    ``(B) Report upon request.--The Secretary shall 
                provide the information described in subparagraph (A) 
                not later than 30 days after a request from the 
                applicant.
                    ``(C) Exception.--Applications processed using the 
                streamline application review process under paragraph 
                (4) are not subject to the requirements under this 
                paragraph.''; and
            (9) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(n) Non-Federal Share.--The proceeds of a loan provided under 
this section may be used as the non-Federal share of project costs for 
any grant program administered by the Secretary if such loan is 
repayable from non-Federal funds.''.
    (e) Administration of Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees.--Section 
22403 of title 49, United States Code, as added by subsection (a)(2), 
and amended by subsection (a)(5), is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary shall'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Documentation.--An applicant meeting the size 
        standard for small business concerns established under section 
        3(a)(2) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632(a)(2)) may 
        provide unaudited financial statements as documentation of 
        historical financial information if such statements are 
        accompanied by the applicant's Federal tax returns and Internal 
        Revenue Service tax verifications for the corresponding 
        years.''; and
            (2) in subsection (m), by striking ``section 822 of this 
        title'' and inserting ``section 22402''.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--Chapter 224 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by subsection (a), and amended by 
subsections (b) through (e), is further amended by adding at the end 
the following:
``Sec. 22405. Authorization of appropriations
    ``(a) Authorization.--
            ``(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        for credit assistance under this chapter, which shall be 
        provided at the discretion of the Secretary, $50,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
            ``(2) Refund of premium.--There is authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary $70,000,000 to repay the credit 
        risk premium in accordance with section 22402(f)(5).
            ``(3) Availability.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to this 
        subsection shall remain available until expended.
    ``(b) Use of Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--Credit assistance provided under 
        subsection (a) may not exceed $20,000,000 for any loan or loan 
        guarantee.
            ``(2) Administrative costs.--Not less than 3 percent of the 
        amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) in each fiscal 
        year shall be made available to the Secretary for use in place 
        of charges collected under section 22403(l)(1) for passenger 
        railroads and freight railroads other than Class I carriers.
            ``(3) Short line set-aside.--Not less than 50 percent of 
        the amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (a)(1) for each 
        fiscal year shall be set aside for freight railroads other than 
        Class I carriers.''.
    (g) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 223 
the following:

``224. Railroad rehabilitation and improvement financing....   22401''.
    (h) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) National trails system act.--Section 8(d) of the 
        National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1247(d)) is amended by 
        inserting ``(45 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) and chapter 224 of title 
        49, United States Code'' after ``1976''.
            (2) Passenger rail reform and investment act.--Section 
        11315(c) of the Passenger Rail Reform and Investment Act of 
        2015 (23 U.S.C. 322 note; Public Law 114-94) is amended by 
        striking ``sections 502 and 503 of the Railroad Revitalization 
        and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976'' and inserting ``sections 
        22402 and 22403 of title 49, United States Code''.
            (3) Provisions classified in title 45, united states 
        code.--
                    (A) Railroad revitalization and regulatory reform 
                act of 1976.--Section 101 of the Railroad 
                Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 
                U.S.C. 801) is amended--
                            (i) in subsection (a), in the matter 
                        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``It is 
                        the purpose of the Congress in this Act to'' 
                        and inserting ``The purpose of this Act and 
                        chapter 224 of title 49, United States Code, is 
                        to''; and
                            (ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
                        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``It is 
                        declared to be the policy of the Congress in 
                        this Act'' and inserting ``The policy of this 
                        Act and chapter 224 of title 49, United States 
                        Code, is''.
                    (B) Railroad infrastructure financing improvement 
                act.--The Railroad Infrastructure Financing Improvement 
                Act (subtitle F of title XI of Public Law 114-94)--
                            (i) in section 11607(b) (45 U.S.C. 821 
                        note), by striking ``All provisions under 
                        sections 502 through 504 of the Railroad 
                        Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 
                        1976 (45 U.S.C. 801 et seq.)'' and inserting 
                        ``All provisions under section 22402 through 
                        22404 of title 49, United States Code,''; and
                            (ii) in section 11610(b) (45 U.S.C. 821 
                        note), by striking ``section 502(f) of the 
                        Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform 
                        Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 822(f)), as amended by 
                        section 11607 of this Act'' and inserting 
                        ``section 22402(f) of title 49, United States 
                        Code''.
                    (C) Transportation equity act for the 21st 
                century.--Section 7203(b)(2) of the Transportation 
                Equity Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 105-178; 45 
                U.S.C. 821 note) is amended by striking ``title V of 
                the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act 
                of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et seq.)'' and inserting 
                ``chapter 224 of title 49, United States Code,''.
                    (D) Hamm alert maritime safety act of 2018.--
                Section 212(d)(1) of Hamm Alert Maritime Safety Act of 
                2018 (title II of Public Law 115-265; 45 U.S.C. 822 
                note) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                (A), by striking ``for purposes of section 502(f)(4) of 
                the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act 
                of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 822(f)(4))'' and inserting ``for 
                purposes of section 22402 of title 49, United States 
                Code''.
                    (E) Milwaukee railroad restructuring act.--Section 
                15(f) of the Milwaukee Railroad Restructuring Act (45 
                U.S.C. 914(f)) is amended by striking ``Section 516 of 
                the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act 
                of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 836)'' and inserting ``Section 22404 
                of title 49, United States Code,''.
                    (F) Rock island railroad transition and employee 
                assistance act.--Section 104(b) of the Rock Island 
                Railroad Transition and Employee Assistance Act (45 
                U.S.C. 1003(b)) is amended--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``title V of the 
                                Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory 
                                Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et 
                                seq.)'' and inserting ``chapter 224 of 
                                title 49, United States Code,''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and section 
                                18(b) of the Milwaukee Railroad 
                                Restructuring Act''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``title 
                        V of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory 
                        Reform Act of 1976, and section 516 of such Act 
                        (45 U.S.C. 836)'' and inserting ``chapter 224 
                        of title 49, United States Code, including 
                        section 22404 of such title,''.
                    (G) Passenger rail investment and improvement act 
                of 2008.--Section 205(g) of the Passenger Rail 
                Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (division B of 
                Public Law 110-432; 49 U.S.C. 24101 note) is amended by 
                striking ``title V of the Railroad Revitalization and 
                Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et seq.)'' 
                and inserting ``chapter 224 of title 49, United States 
                Code''.
                    (H) Passenger rail reform and investment act of 
                2015.--Section 11311(d) of the Passenger Rail Reform 
                and Investment Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-94; 49 
                U.S.C. 20101 note) is amended by striking ``, and 
                section 502 of the Railroad Revitalization and 
                Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 822)''.
            (4) Title 49.--
                    (A) National surface transportation and innovative 
                finance bureau.--Section 116(d)(1)(B) of title 49, 
                United States Code, is amended by striking ``sections 
                501 through 503 of the Railroad Revitalization and 
                Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821-823)'' and 
                inserting ``sections 22401 through 22403''.
                    (B) Prohibited discrimination.--Section 306(b) of 
                title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``chapter 221 or 249 of 
                        this title,'' and inserting ``chapter 221, 224, 
                        or 249 of this title, or''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``, or title V of the 
                        Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform 
                        Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et seq.)''.
                    (C) Grant conditions.--Section 22905(c)(2)(B) of 
                title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
                ``section 504 of the Railroad Revitalization and 
                Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 836)'' and 
                inserting ``section 22404''.
                    (D) Amtrak authority.--Section 24903 of title 49, 
                United States Code, is amended--
                            (i) in subsection (a)(6), by striking ``and 
                        the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory 
                        Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 801 et seq.)'' 
                        and inserting ``, the Railroad Revitalization 
                        and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 
                        801 et seq.), and chapter 224 of this title''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subsection (c)(2), by striking 
                        ``and the Railroad Revitalization and 
                        Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 801 et 
                        seq.)'' and inserting ``, the Railroad 
                        Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 
                        1976 (45 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), and chapter 224 
                        of this title''.

SEC. 1302. SUBSTANTIVE CRITERIA AND STANDARDS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall update the publicly available credit program guide 
in accordance with the provisions of chapter 224 of title 49, United 
States Code, as added by section 1301.

SEC. 1303. SEMIANNUAL REPORT ON TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT 
              ELIGIBILITY.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
and every 6 months thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a report to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives that identifies--
            (1) the number of applications submitted to the Department 
        for a direct loan or loan guarantee under section 
        22402(b)(1)(E) of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
        section 1301;
            (2) the number of such loans or loan guarantees that were 
        provided to the applicants; and
            (3) for each such application, the reasons for providing or 
        declining to provide the requested loan or loan guarantee.

                             TITLE II--RAIL

SEC. 2001. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail 
Safety Act of 2021''.

              Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations

SEC. 2101. GRANTS TO AMTRAK.

    (a) Northeast Corridor.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for grants to Amtrak for activities associated with the 
Northeast Corridor the following amounts:
            (1) For fiscal year 2022, $1,570,000,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 2023, $1,100,000,000.
            (3) For fiscal year 2024, $1,200,000,000.
            (4) For fiscal year 2025, $1,300,000,000.
            (5) For fiscal year 2026, $1,400,000,000.
    (b) National Network.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for grants to Amtrak for activities associated with the 
National Network the following amounts:
            (1) For fiscal year 2022, $2,300,000,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 2023, $2,200,000,000.
            (3) For fiscal year 2024, $2,450,000,000.
            (4) For fiscal year 2025, $2,700,000,000.
            (5) For fiscal year 2026, $3,000,000,000.
    (c) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 0.5 percent from 
the amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to subsections 
(a) and (b) for the costs of oversight of Amtrak.
    (d) State-Supported Route Committee.--The Secretary may withhold up 
to $3,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year 
pursuant to subsection (b) for use by the State-Supported Route 
Committee established under section 24712(a) of title 49, United States 
Code.
    (e) Northeast Corridor Commission.--The Secretary may withhold up 
to $6,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year 
pursuant to subsection (a) for use by the Northeast Corridor Commission 
established under section 24905(a) of title 49, United States Code.
    (f) Interstate Rail Compacts.--The Secretary may withhold up to 
$3,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant 
to subsection (b) for grants authorized under section 22910 of title 
49, United States Code.
    (g) Accessibility Upgrades.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall withhold $50,000,000 
        from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to 
        subsections (a) and (b) for grants to assist Amtrak in 
        financing capital projects to upgrade the accessibility of the 
        national rail passenger transportation system by increasing the 
        number of existing facilities that are compliant with the 
        requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 
        (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) until the Secretary determines 
        Amtrak's existing facilities are in compliance with such 
        requirements.
            (2) Savings provision.--Nothing in paragraph (1) may be 
        construed to prevent Amtrak from using additional funds 
        appropriated pursuant to this section to carry out the 
        activities authorized under such paragraph.
    (h) Corridor Development.--In addition to the activities authorized 
under subsection (b), Amtrak may use up to 10 percent of the amounts 
appropriated under subsection (b) in each fiscal year to support 
Amtrak-operated corridors selected under section 2306 for--
            (1) planning and capital costs; and
            (2) operating assistance consistent with the Federal 
        funding limitations under section 22908 of title 49, United 
        States Code.

SEC. 2102. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Safety and Operations.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary for the operations of the Federal Railroad 
Administration and to carry out railroad safety activities the 
following amounts:
            (1) For fiscal year 2022, $248,000,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 2023, $254,000,000.
            (3) For fiscal year 2024, $263,000,000.
            (4) For fiscal year 2025, $271,000,000.
            (5) For fiscal year 2026, $279,000,000.
    (b) Railroad Research and Development.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary for the use of the Federal Railroad 
Administration for activities associated with railroad research and 
development the following amounts:
            (1) For fiscal year 2022, $43,000,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 2023, $44,000,000.
            (3) For fiscal year 2024, $45,000,000.
            (4) For fiscal year 2025, $46,000,000.
            (5) For fiscal year 2026, $47,000,000.
    (c) Transportation Technology Center.--The Secretary may withhold 
up to $3,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year 
pursuant to subsection (b) for activities authorized under section 
20108(d) of title 49, United States Code.
    (d) Rail Research and Development Center of Excellence.--The 
Secretary may withhold up to 10 percent of the amount appropriated for 
each fiscal year under subsection (b) for grants authorized under 
section 20108(j) of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 2103. CONSOLIDATED RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS 
              GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary for grants under section 22907 of title 49, United States 
Code, $1,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
    (b) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 2 percent from the 
amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to subsection (a) for 
the costs of project management oversight of grants authorized under 
title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 2104. RAILROAD CROSSING ELIMINATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary for grants under section 22909 of title 49, United States 
Code, as added by section 2305, $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2026.
    (b) Planning Projects.--Not less than 3 percent of the amount 
appropriated in each fiscal year pursuant to subsection (a) year shall 
be used for planning projects described in section 22909(d)(6) of title 
49, United States Code.
    (c) Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety Information and Education 
Program.--Of the amount appropriated under subsection (a) in each 
fiscal year, 0.25 percent shall be used for contracts or grants to 
carry out a highway-rail grade crossing safety information and 
education program--
            (1) to help prevent and reduce pedestrian, motor vehicle, 
        and other accidents, incidents, injuries, and fatalities; and
            (2) to improve awareness along railroad rights-of-way and 
        at highway-rail grade crossings.
    (d) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 2 percent from the 
amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to subsection (a) for 
the costs of project management oversight of grants authorized under 
title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 2105. RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary for grants under section 22908 of title 49, United States 
Code, $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
    (b) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 1 percent of the 
amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to subsection (a) for 
the costs of project management oversight of grants authorized under 
section 22908 of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 2106. FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP FOR INTERCITY PASSENGER RAIL 
              GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary for grants under section 24911 of title 49, United States 
Code, $1,500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
    (b) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 2 percent of the 
amount appropriated under subsection (a) for the costs of project 
management oversight of grants authorized under title 49, United States 
Code.

SEC. 2107. AMTRAK OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Inspector 
General of Amtrak the following amounts:
            (1) For fiscal year 2022, $26,500,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 2023, $27,000,000.
            (3) For fiscal year 2024, $27,500,000.
            (4) For fiscal year 2025, $28,000,000.
            (5) For fiscal year 2026, $28,500,000.

                       Subtitle B--Amtrak Reforms

SEC. 2201. AMTRAK FINDINGS, MISSION, AND GOALS.

    (a) Findings.--Section 24101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``between crowded urban 
        areas and in other areas of'' and inserting ``throughout'';
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``to Amtrak to achieve a 
        performance level sufficient to justify expending public 
        money'' and inserting ``in order to meet the intercity 
        passenger rail needs of the United States'';
            (3) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) by inserting ``intercity passenger and'' before 
                ``commuter''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``and rural'' after ``major 
                urban;'' and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(9) Long-distance routes are valuable resources of the United 
States that are used by rural and urban communities.''.
    (b) Goals.--Section 24101(c) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) use its best business judgment in acting to maximize 
        the benefits of Federal investments, including--
                    ``(A) offering competitive fares;
                    ``(B) increasing revenue from the transportation of 
                mail and express;
                    ``(C) offering food service that meets the needs of 
                its customers;
                    ``(D) improving its contracts with rail carriers 
                over whose tracks Amtrak operates;
                    ``(E) controlling or reducing management and 
                operating costs; and
                    ``(F) providing economic benefits to the 
                communities it serves;'';
            (2) in paragraph (11), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in paragraph (12), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(13) support and maintain established long-distance 
        routes to provide value to the Nation by serving customers 
        throughout the United States and connecting urban and rural 
        communities.''.
    (c) Increasing Revenues.--Section 24101(d) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(d) Increasing Revenues.--Amtrak is encouraged to make agreements 
with private sector entities and to undertake initiatives that are 
consistent with good business judgment and designed to generate 
additional revenues to advance the goals described in subsection 
(c).''.

SEC. 2202. COMPOSITION OF AMTRAK'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

    (a) Selection; Composition; Chair.--Section 24302(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``President'' 
                and inserting ``Chief Executive Officer''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``or a'' and 
                inserting ``(including individuals with disabilities) 
                or of a'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and try to provide 
        adequate and balanced representation of the major geographic 
        regions of the United States served by Amtrak'';
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (7); and
            (4) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Of the individuals appointed pursuant to paragraph 
        (1)(C)--
                    ``(A) 2 individuals shall reside in or near a 
                location served by a regularly scheduled Amtrak service 
                along the Northeast Corridor;
                    ``(B) 4 individuals shall reside in or near regions 
                of the United States that are geographically 
                distributed outside of the Northeast Corridor, of 
                whom--
                            ``(i) 2 individuals shall reside in States 
                        served by a long-distance route operated by 
                        Amtrak;
                            ``(ii) 2 individuals shall reside in States 
                        served by State-supported routes operated by 
                        Amtrak; and
                            ``(iii) an individual who resides in a 
                        State that is served by a State-supported route 
                        and a long-distance route may be appointed to 
                        serve either position referred to in clauses 
                        (i) and (ii);
                    ``(C) 2 individuals shall reside either--
                            ``(i) in or near a location served by a 
                        regularly scheduled Amtrak service on the 
                        Northeast Corridor; or
                            ``(ii) in a State served by long-distance 
                        or State-supported routes; and
                    ``(D) each individual appointed to the Board 
                pursuant to this paragraph may only fill 1 of the 
                allocations set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (C).
            ``(5) The Board shall elect a chairperson and vice 
        chairperson, other than the Chief Executive Officer of Amtrak, 
        from among its membership. The vice chairperson shall act as 
        chairperson in the absence of the chairperson.
            ``(6) The Board shall meet at least annually with--
                    ``(A) representatives of Amtrak employees;
                    ``(B) representatives of persons with disabilities; 
                and
                    ``(C) the general public, in an open meeting with a 
                virtual attendance option, to discuss financial 
                performance and service results.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--None of the amendments made by 
subsection (a) may be construed as affecting the term of any director 
serving on the Amtrak Board of Directors under section 24302(a)(1)(C) 
of title 49, United States Code, as of the date of enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 2203. STATION AGENTS.

    Section 24312 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(c) Availability of Station Agents.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act 
        of 2021, Amtrak shall ensure that at least 1 Amtrak ticket 
        agent is employed at each station building--
                    ``(A) that Amtrak owns, or operates service 
                through, as part of a long-distance or Northeast 
                Corridor passenger service route;
                    ``(B) where at least 1 Amtrak ticket agent was 
                employed on or after October 1, 2017; and
                    ``(C) for which an average of 40 passengers boarded 
                or deboarded an Amtrak vehicle per day during all of 
                the days in fiscal year 2017 when the station was 
                serviced by Amtrak, regardless of the number of Amtrak 
                vehicles servicing the station per day.
            ``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any 
        station building in which a commuter rail ticket agent has the 
        authority to sell Amtrak tickets.''.

SEC. 2204. INCREASING OVERSIGHT OF CHANGES TO AMTRAK LONG-DISTANCE 
              ROUTES AND OTHER INTERCITY SERVICES.

    (a) Amtrak Annual Operations Report.--Section 24315(a)(1) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (H), by adding ``and'' at the end; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) any change made to a route's or service's 
                frequency or station stops;''.
    (b) 5-Year Business Line Plans.--Section 24320(b)(2) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (L) as 
        subparagraphs (C) through (M), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
                    ``(B) a detailed description of any plans to 
                permanently change a route's or service's frequency or 
                station stops for the service line;''.

SEC. 2205. IMPROVED OVERSIGHT OF AMTRAK ACCOUNTING.

    Section 24317 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``and costs among 
        Amtrak business lines'' and inserting ``, including Federal 
        grant funds, and costs among Amtrak service lines'';
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Account Structure.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation, in 
        consultation with Amtrak, shall define, maintain, and 
        periodically update an account structure and improvements to 
        accounting methodologies, as necessary, to support the 
        Northeast Corridor and the National Network.
            ``(2) Notification of substantive changes.--The Secretary 
        shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations 
        of the Senate, the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
        regarding any substantive changes made to the account 
        structure, including changes to--
                    ``(A) the service lines described in section 
                24320(b)(1); and
                    ``(B) the asset lines described in section 
                24320(c)(1).'';
            (3) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by inserting ``, maintaining, and updating'' after 
        ``defining'';
            (4) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by inserting ``, maintaining, and updating'' after 
        ``defining'';
            (5) by amending subsection (e) to read as follows:
    ``(e) Implementation and Reporting.--
            ``(1) In general.--Amtrak, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Transportation, shall maintain and implement any 
        account structures and improvements defined under subsection 
        (b) to enable Amtrak to produce sources and uses statements for 
        each of the service lines described in section 24320(b)(1) and, 
        as appropriate, each of the asset lines described in section 
        24320(c)(1), that identify sources and uses of revenues, 
        appropriations, and transfers between accounts.
            ``(2) Updated sources and uses statements.--Not later than 
        30 days after the implementation of subsection (b), and monthly 
        thereafter, Amtrak shall submit to the Secretary of 
        Transportation updated sources and uses statements for each of 
        the service lines and asset lines referred to in paragraph (1). 
        The Secretary and Amtrak may agree to a different frequency of 
        reporting.'';
            (6) by striking subsection (h); and
            (7) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (h).

SEC. 2206. IMPROVED OVERSIGHT OF AMTRAK SPENDING.

    (a) Allocation of Costs and Revenues.--Section 24318(a) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Reform and 
Investment Act of 2015,''.
    (b) Grant Process and Reporting.--Section 24319 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``and reporting'' 
        after ``process'';
            (2) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) Procedures for Grant Requests.--The Secretary of 
Transportation shall--
            ``(1) establish and maintain substantive and procedural 
        requirements, including schedules, for grant requests under 
        this section; and
            ``(2) report any changes to such procedures to--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate;
                    ``(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
                Senate;
                    ``(C) the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; and
                    ``(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House 
                of Representatives.'';
            (3) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
    ``(c) Contents.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each grant request under subsection (b) 
        shall, as applicable--
                    ``(A) categorize and identify, by source, the 
                Federal funds and program income that will be used for 
                the upcoming fiscal year for each of the Northeast 
                Corridor and National Network in 1 of the categories or 
                subcategories set forth in paragraph (2);
                    ``(B) describe the operations, services, programs, 
                projects, and other activities to be funded within each 
                of the categories set forth in paragraph (2), 
                including--
                            ``(i) the estimated scope, schedule, and 
                        budget necessary to complete each project and 
                        program; and
                            ``(ii) the performance measures used to 
                        quantify expected and actual project outcomes 
                        and benefits, aggregated by fiscal year, 
                        project milestone, and any other appropriate 
                        grouping; and
                    ``(C) describe the status of efforts to improve 
                Amtrak's safety culture.
            ``(2) Grant categories.--
                    ``(A) Operating expenses.--Each grant request to 
                use Federal funds for operating expenses shall--
                            ``(i) include estimated net operating costs 
                        not covered by other Amtrak revenue sources;
                            ``(ii) specify Federal funding requested 
                        for each service line described in section 
                        24320(b)(1); and
                            ``(iii) be itemized by route.
                    ``(B) Debt service.--A grant request to use Federal 
                funds for expenses related to debt, including payment 
                of principle and interest, as allowed under section 205 
                of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 
                2008 (Public Law 110-432; 49 U.S.C. 24101 note).
                    ``(C) Capital.--A grant request to use Federal 
                funds and program income for capital expenses shall 
                include capital projects and programs primarily 
                associated with--
                            ``(i) normalized capital replacement 
                        programs, including regularly recurring work 
                        programs implemented on a systematic basis on 
                        classes of physical railroad assets, such as 
                        track, structures, electric traction and power 
                        systems, rolling stock, and communications and 
                        signal systems, to maintain and sustain the 
                        condition and performance of such assets to 
                        support continued railroad operations;
                            ``(ii) improvement projects to support 
                        service and safety enhancements, including 
                        discrete projects implemented in accordance 
                        with a fixed scope, schedule, and budget that 
                        result in enhanced or new infrastructure, 
                        equipment, or facilities;
                            ``(iii) backlog capital replacement 
                        projects, including discrete projects 
                        implemented in accordance with a fixed scope, 
                        schedule, and budget that primarily replace or 
                        rehabilitate major infrastructure assets, 
                        including tunnels, bridges, stations, and 
                        similar assets, to reduce the state of good 
                        repair backlog on the Amtrak network;
                            ``(iv) strategic initiative projects, 
                        including discrete projects implemented in 
                        accordance with a fixed scope, schedule, and 
                        budget that primarily improve overall 
                        operational performance, lower costs, or 
                        otherwise improve Amtrak's corporate 
                        efficiency; and
                            ``(v) statutory, regulatory, or other 
                        legally mandated projects, including discrete 
                        projects implemented in accordance with a fixed 
                        scope, schedule, and budget that enable Amtrak 
                        to fulfill specific legal or regulatory 
                        mandates.
                    ``(D) Contingency.--A grant request to use Federal 
                funds for operating and capital expense contingency 
                shall include--
                            ``(i) contingency levels for specified 
                        activities and operations; and
                            ``(ii) a process for the utilization of 
                        such contingency.
            ``(3) Modification of categories.--The Secretary of 
        Transportation and Amtrak may jointly agree to modify the 
        categories set forth in paragraph (2) if such modifications are 
        necessary to improve the transparency, oversight, or delivery 
        of projects funded through grant requests under this 
        section.'';
            (4) in subsection (d)(1)(A)--
                    (A) by inserting ``complete'' after ``submits a'';
                    (B) by striking ``shall complete'' and inserting 
                ``shall finish''; and
                    (C) in clause (ii), by striking ``incomplete or'';
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``and other activities to 
                        be funded by the grant'' and inserting 
                        ``programs, projects, and other activities to 
                        be funded by the grant, consistent with the 
                        categories required for Amtrak in a grant 
                        request under subsection (c)(1)(A)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``or activities'' and 
                        inserting ``programs, projects, and other 
                        activities''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting before subparagraph (B), 
                        as redesignated, the following:
                    ``(A) using an otherwise allowable approach to the 
                method prescribed for a specific project or category of 
                projects under paragraph (2) if the Secretary and 
                Amtrak agree that a different payment method is 
                necessary to more successfully implement and report on 
                an operation, service, program, project, or other 
                activity;'';
            (6) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (j); and
            (7) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
    ``(h) Applicable Laws and Regulations.--
            ``(1) Single audit act of 1984.--Notwithstanding section 
        24301(a)(3) of this title and section 7501(a)(13) of title 31, 
        Amtrak shall be deemed a `non-Federal entity' for purposes of 
        chapter 75 of title 31.
            ``(2) Regulations and guidance.--The Secretary of 
        Transportation may apply some or all of the requirements set 
        forth in the regulations and guidance promulgated by the 
        Secretary relating to the management, administration, cost 
        principles, and audit requirements for Federal awards.
    ``(i) Amtrak Grant Reporting.--The Secretary of Transportation 
shall determine the varying levels of detail and information that will 
be included in reports for operations, services, program, projects, 
program income, cash on hand, and other activities within each of the 
grant categories described in subsection (c)(2).''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Reports and audits.--Section 24315(b)(1) of title 49, 
        United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the goal of 
                section 24902(b) of this title; and'' and inserting 
                ``the goal described in section 24902(a);'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) shall incorporate the categories described in 
                section 24319(c)(2).''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 243 of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item 
        relating to section 24319 and inserting the following:

``24319. Grant process and reporting.''.

SEC. 2207. INCREASING SERVICE LINE AND ASSET LINE PLAN TRANSPARENCY.

    (a) In General.--Section 24320 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``business line and 
        asset plans'' and inserting ``service line and asset line 
        plans'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``of each year'' and 
                        inserting ``, 2020, and biennially 
                        thereafter'';
                            (ii) by striking ``5-year business line 
                        plans and 5-year asset plans'' and inserting 
                        ``5-year service line plans and 5-year asset 
                        line plans''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following: 
                        ``During each year in which Amtrak is not 
                        required to submit a plan under this paragraph, 
                        Amtrak shall submit to Congress updated 
                        financial sources and uses statements and 
                        forecasts with the annual report required under 
                        section 24315(b).''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``asset plan 
                required in'' and inserting ``asset line plan required 
                under'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Business'' and inserting ``Service'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``business'' and inserting ``service'';
                            (ii) by striking ``business'' each place 
                        such term appears and inserting ``service'';
                            (iii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
                        as follows:
                    ``(B) Amtrak State-supported train services.'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``routes'' and inserting ``train services''; 
                        and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) Infrastructure access services for use of 
                Amtrak-owned or Amtrak-controlled infrastructure and 
                facilities.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``business'' and inserting ``service'';
                            (ii) by striking ``business'' each place 
                        such term appears and inserting ``service'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``Strategic Plan and 5-year asset plans'' and 
                        inserting ``5-year asset line plans'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (F) (as redesignated 
                        by section 2204(b)(1)), by striking ``profit 
                        and loss'' and inserting ``sources and uses'';
                            (v) by striking subparagraph (G) (as 
                        redesignated by section 2204(b)(1));
                            (vi) by redesignating subparagraphs (H) 
                        through (M) (as redesignated by section 
                        2204(b)(1)) as subparagraphs (G) through (L), 
                        respectively; and
                            (vii) by amending subparagraph (I) (as so 
                        redesignated) to read as follows:
                    ``(I) financial performance for each route, if 
                deemed applicable by the Secretary, within each service 
                line, including descriptions of the cash operating loss 
                or contribution;'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``business'' and inserting ``service'';
                            (ii) by striking ``business'' each place 
                        such term appears and inserting ``service'';
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), 
                        (B), (C), and (D) as clauses (i), (ii), (iii), 
                        and (iv), respectively, and moving such clauses 
                        2 ems to the right;
                            (iv) by inserting before clause (i), as 
                        redesignated, the following:
                    ``(A) not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail 
                Safety Act of 2021, submit to the Secretary, for 
                approval, a consultation process for the development of 
                each service line plan that requires Amtrak to--'';
                            (v) in subparagraph (A), as amended by 
                        clause (iv)--
                                    (I) in clause (iii), as 
                                redesignated, by inserting ``and submit 
                                the final service line plan required 
                                under subsection (a)(1) to the State-
                                Supported Route Committee'' before the 
                                semicolon at the end;
                                    (II) in clause (iv), as 
                                redesignated, by inserting ``and'' 
                                after the semicolon at the end; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(v) for the infrastructure access service 
                        line plan, consult with the Northeast Corridor 
                        Commission and other entities, as appropriate, 
                        and submit the final asset line plan under 
                        subsection (a)(1) to the Northeast Corridor 
                        Commission;''; and
                            (vi) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and 
                        (F) as subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively;
                    (E) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph 
                (5); and
                    (F) by inserting after paragraph (3)(C), as 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(4) 5-year service line plans updates.--Amtrak may modify 
        the service line plans described in paragraph (1), upon the 
        approval of the Secretary, if the Secretary determines that 
        such modifications are necessary to improve the transparency, 
        oversight, and delivery of Amtrak services and the use of 
        Federal funds by Amtrak.''; and
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 
                ``Line'' after ``Asset'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``categories'' and inserting ``lines'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``asset plan for each of the 
                        following asset categories'' and inserting 
                        ``asset line plan for each of the following 
                        asset lines'';
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), 
                        (B), (C), and (D) as subparagraphs (B), (C), 
                        (D), and (E), respectively;
                            (iv) by inserting before subparagraph (B), 
                        as redesignated, the following:
                    ``(A) Transportation, including activities and 
                resources associated with the operation and movement of 
                Amtrak trains, onboard services, and amenities.'';
                            (v) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, 
                        by inserting ``and maintenance-of-way 
                        equipment'' after ``facilities''; and
                            (vi) in subparagraph (C), as redesignated, 
                        by striking ``Passenger rail equipment'' and 
                        inserting ``Equipment'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting 
                        ``line'' after ``asset'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``line'' after ``asset'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``category'' and inserting ``line'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (C)(iii)(III), by 
                        striking ``and'' at the end;
                            (v) by amending subparagraph (D) to read as 
                        follows:
                    ``(D) annual sources and uses statements and 
                forecasts for each asset line; and''; and
                            (vi) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) other elements that Amtrak elects to 
                include.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting 
                        ``line'' after ``asset'';
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as clauses (i) and (ii) and moving such 
                        clauses 2 ems to the right;
                            (iii) by inserting before clause (i), as 
                        redesignated, the following:
                    ``(A) not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail 
                Safety Act of 2021, submit to the Secretary, for 
                approval, a consultation process for the development of 
                each asset line plan that requires Amtrak to--'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (A), as added by 
                        clause (iii)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), as 
                                redesignated--
                                            (aa) by striking 
                                        ``business'' each place such 
                                        term appears and inserting 
                                        ``service'';
                                            (bb) by inserting ``line'' 
                                        after ``asset'' each place such 
                                        term appears; and
                                            (cc) by adding ``and'' at 
                                        the end; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii), as 
                                redesignated--
                                            (aa) by inserting ``consult 
                                        with the Secretary of 
                                        Transportation in the 
                                        development of asset line plans 
                                        and,'' before ``as 
                                        applicable''; and
                                            (bb) by inserting ``line'' 
                                        after ``5-year asset'';
                            (v) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (B); and
                            (vi) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, 
                        by striking ``category'' and inserting 
                        ``line'';
                    (E) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), and 
                (7) as paragraphs (5), (6), (7), and (8), respectively;
                    (F) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) 5-year asset line plan updates.--Amtrak may modify 
        the asset line plans described in paragraph (1) if the 
        Secretary determines that such modifications are necessary to 
        improve the transparency, oversight, and delivery of Amtrak 
        services and the use of Federal funds by Amtrak.'';
                    (G) in paragraph (5)(A), as redesignated, by 
                inserting ``, but shall not include corporate services 
                (as defined pursuant to section 24317(b))'' after 
                ``national assets''; and
                    (H) in paragraph (7), as redesignated, by striking 
                ``paragraph (4)'' and inserting ``paragraph (5)''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 243 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
24320 and inserting the following:

``24320. Amtrak 5-year service line and asset line plans.''.
    (c) Effective Dates.--Section 11203(b) of the Passenger Rail Reform 
and Investment Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 24320 note) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``business'' each place such term appears 
        and inserting ``service''; and
            (2) by inserting ``line'' after ``asset'' each place such 
        term appears.

SEC. 2208. PASSENGER EXPERIENCE ENHANCEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 24305(c)(4) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``only if revenues from the services each 
year at least equal the cost of providing the services''.
    (b) Food and Beverage Service Working Group.--
            (1) In general.--Section 24321 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 24321. Food and beverage service
    ``(a) Working Group.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after 
        enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act 
        of 2021, Amtrak shall establish a working group to provide 
        recommendations to improve Amtrak's onboard food and beverage 
        service.
            ``(2) Membership.--The working group shall consist of 
        individuals representing--
                    ``(A) Amtrak;
                    ``(B) the labor organizations representing Amtrak 
                employees who prepare or provide on-board food and 
                beverage service;
                    ``(C) nonprofit organizations representing Amtrak 
                passengers; and
                    ``(D) States that are providing funding for State-
                supported routes.
    ``(b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the 
working group pursuant to subsection (a), the working group shall 
submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives containing 
recommendations for improving Amtrak's food and beverage service, 
including--
            ``(1) ways to improve the financial performance of Amtrak;
            ``(2) ways to increase and retain ridership;
            ``(3) the differing needs of passengers traveling on long-
        distance routes, State supported routes, and the Northeast 
        Corridor;
            ``(4) Amtrak passenger survey data about the food and 
        beverages offered on Amtrak trains;
            ``(5) ways to incorporate local food and beverage items on 
        State-supported routes; and
            ``(6) any other issue that the working group determines to 
        be appropriate.
    ``(c) Implementation.--Not later than 180 days after the submission 
of the report pursuant to subsection (b), Amtrak shall submit a plan 
for implementing the recommendations of the working group, and an 
explanation for any of the working group's recommendations it does not 
agree with and does not plan on implementing to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
    ``(d) Savings Clause.--Amtrak shall ensure that no Amtrak employee 
who held a position on a long distance or Northeast Corridor route as 
of the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail 
Safety Act of 2021, is involuntarily separated because of the 
development and implementation of the plan required under this 
section.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 243 of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item 
        relating to section 24321 and inserting the following:

``24321. Food and beverage service.''.

SEC. 2209. AMTRAK SMOKING POLICY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 243 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 24323. Prohibition on smoking on Amtrak trains
    ``(a) Prohibition.--Beginning on the date of enactment of this 
section, Amtrak shall prohibit smoking, including the use of electronic 
cigarettes, onboard all Amtrak trains.
    ``(b) Electronic Cigarette Defined.--In this section, the term 
`electronic cigarette' means a device that delivers nicotine or other 
substances to a user of the device in the form of a vapor that is 
inhaled to simulate the experience of smoking.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 243 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``24323. Prohibition on smoking on Amtrak trains.''.

SEC. 2210. PROTECTING AMTRAK ROUTES THROUGH RURAL COMMUNITIES.

    Section 24706 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``subsection (b) of this 
        section, at least 180 days'' and inserting ``subsection (c), 
        not later than 180 days'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections 
        (c) and (e), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Discontinuance or Substantial Alteration of Long-Distance 
Routes.--Except as provided in subsection (c), in an emergency, or 
during maintenance or construction outages impacting Amtrak routes, 
Amtrak may not discontinue, reduce the frequency of, suspend, or 
substantially alter the route of rail service on any segment of any 
long-distance route in any fiscal year in which Amtrak receives 
adequate Federal funding for such route on the National Network.''; and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (c), as redesignated, the 
        following:
    ``(d) Congressional Notification of Discontinuance.--Except as 
provided in subsection (c), not later than 210 days before 
discontinuing service over a route, Amtrak shall give written notice of 
such discontinuance to all of the members of Congress representing any 
State or district in which the discontinuance would occur.''.

SEC. 2211. STATE-SUPPORTED ROUTE COMMITTEE.

    (a) State-Supported Route Committee.--Section 24712(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later than 180 days after the 
                date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Reform and 
                Investment Act of 2015, the Secretary of Transportation 
                shall establish'' and inserting ``There is 
                established''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``current and future'' before 
                ``rail operations'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) as 
        paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Ability to conduct certain business.--If all of the 
        members of 1 voting bloc described in paragraph (3) abstain 
        from a Committee decision, agreement between the other 2 voting 
        blocs consistent with the procedures set forth in such 
        paragraph shall be deemed sufficient for purpose of achieving 
        unanimous consent.'';
            (4) in paragraph (5), as redesignated, in the matter 
        preceding subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) by striking ``convene a meeting and shall 
                define and implement'' and inserting ``define and 
                periodically update''; and
                    (B) by striking ``not later than 180 days after the 
                date of establishment of the Committee by the 
                Secretary''; and
            (5) in paragraph (7), as redesignated--
                    (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                ``allocation methodology'' and inserting ``methodology 
                policy'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``allocation 
                methodology'' and inserting ``methodology policy'';
                    (C) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(B) Revisions to cost methodology policy.--
                            ``(i) Requirement to revise and update.--
                        Subject to rules and procedures established 
                        pursuant to clause (iii), not later than March 
                        31, 2022, the Committee shall revise and update 
                        the cost methodology policy required and 
                        previously approved under section 209 of the 
                        Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act 
                        of 2008 (49 U.S.C. 20901 note). The Committee 
                        shall implement a revised cost methodology 
                        policy during fiscal year 2023. Not later than 
                        30 days after the adoption of the revised cost 
                        methodology policy, the Committee shall submit 
                        a report documenting and explaining any changes 
                        to the cost methodology policy and plans for 
                        implementation of such policy, including a 
                        description of the improvements to the 
                        accounting information provided by Amtrak to 
                        the States, to the Committee on Commerce, 
                        Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 
                        the Committee on Transportation and 
                        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives. 
                        The revised cost methodology policy shall 
                        ensure that States will be responsible for 
                        costs attributable to the provision of service 
                        for their routes.
                            ``(ii) Implementation impacts on federal 
                        funding.--To the extent that a revision 
                        developed pursuant to clause (i) assigns to 
                        Amtrak costs that were previously allocated to 
                        States, Amtrak shall request with specificity 
                        such additional funding in the general and 
                        legislative annual report required under 
                        section 24315 or in any appropriate subsequent 
                        Federal funding request for the fiscal year in 
                        which the revised cost methodology policy will 
                        be implemented.
                            ``(iii) Procedures for changing 
                        methodology.--Notwithstanding section 209(b) of 
                        the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement 
                        Act of 2008 (49 U.S.C. 20901 note), the rules 
                        and procedures implemented pursuant to 
                        paragraph (5) shall include--
                                    ``(I) procedures for changing the 
                                cost methodology policy in accordance 
                                with clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) procedures or broad 
                                guidelines for conducting financial 
                                planning, including operating and 
                                capital forecasting, reporting, data 
                                sharing, and governance.'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (C)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``allocation methodology'' and 
                        inserting ``methodology policy'';
                            (ii) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (iii) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) by striking ``allocate'' and 
                                inserting ``assign''; and
                                    (II) by striking the period and 
                                inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) promote increased efficiency in 
                        Amtrak's operating and capital activities.''; 
                        and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Independent evaluation.--Not later than March 
                31 of each year, the Committee shall ensure that an 
                independent entity selected by the Committee has 
                completed an evaluation to determine whether State 
                payments for the most recently concluded fiscal year 
                are accurate and comply with the applicable cost 
                allocation methodology.''.
    (b) Invoices and Reports.--Section 24712(b) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Invoices and Reports.--
            ``(1) Invoices.--Amtrak shall provide monthly invoices to 
        the Committee and to each State that sponsors a State-supported 
        route that identify the operating costs for such route, 
        including fixed costs and third-party costs.
            ``(2) Reports.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Committee shall determine 
                the frequency and contents of--
                            ``(i) the financial and performance reports 
                        that Amtrak is required to provide to the 
                        Committee and the States; and
                            ``(ii) the planning and demand reports that 
                        the States are required to provide to the 
                        Committee and Amtrak.
                    ``(B) Monthly statistical report.--
                            ``(i) Development.--Consistent with the 
                        revisions to the policy required under 
                        subsection (a)(7)(B), the Committee shall 
                        develop a report that contains the general 
                        ledger data and operating statistics from 
                        Amtrak's accounting systems used to calculate 
                        payments to States.
                            ``(ii) Provision of necessary data.--Not 
                        later than 30 days after the last day of each 
                        month, Amtrak shall provide to the States and 
                        to the Committee the necessary data to complete 
                        the report developed pursuant to clause (i) for 
                        such month.''.
    (c) Dispute Resolution.--Section 24712(c) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``(a)(4)'' and inserting 
                ``(a)(5)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``(a)(6)'' and inserting 
                ``(a)(7)''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``related to a State-
        supported route that a State sponsors that is'' after 
        ``amount''.
    (d) Performance Metrics.--Section 24712(e) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting ``, including incentives to 
increase revenue, reduce costs, finalize contracts by the beginning of 
the fiscal year, and require States to promptly make payments for 
services delivered'' before the period at the end.
    (e) Statement of Goals and Objectives.--Section 24712(f) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, and review and 
        update, as necessary,'' after ``shall develop'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Not later than 2 years 
        after the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Reform and 
        Investment Act of 2015, the Committee shall transmit the 
        statement'' and inserting ``As applicable, based on updates, 
        the Committee shall submit an updated statement''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
        that--
                    ``(A) the Committee shall be the forum where Amtrak 
                and the States collaborate on the planning, 
                improvement, and development of corridor routes across 
                the National Network; and
                    ``(B) such collaboration should include regular 
                consultation with interstate rail compact parties and 
                other regional planning organizations that address 
                passenger rail.''.
    (f) Other Reforms Related to State-Supported Routes.--Section 24712 
of title 49, United States Code, as amended by subsections (a) through 
(e), is further amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as subsections 
        (k) and (l), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) New State-Supported Routes.--
            ``(1) Consultation.--In developing a new State-supported 
        route, Amtrak shall consult with--
                    ``(A) the State or States and local municipalities 
                through which such new service would operate;
                    ``(B) commuter authorities and regional 
                transportation authorities in the areas that would be 
                served by the planned route;
                    ``(C) host railroads;
                    ``(D) the Administrator of the Federal Railroad 
                Administration; and
                    ``(E) other stakeholders, as appropriate.
            ``(2) State commitments.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of law, before beginning construction necessary for, 
        or beginning operation of, a State-supported route that is 
        initiated on or after the date of enactment of the Passenger 
        Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021, Amtrak shall enter 
        into a memorandum of understanding, or otherwise secure an 
        agreement, with each State in which such route will operate for 
        sharing--
                    ``(A) ongoing operating costs and capital costs in 
                accordance with the cost methodology policy referred to 
                in subsection (a)(7) then in effect; or
                    ``(B) ongoing operating costs and capital costs in 
                accordance with the maximum funding limitations 
                described in section 22908(e).
            ``(3) Application of terms.--In this subsection, the terms 
        `capital costs' and `operating costs' shall apply in the same 
        manner as such terms apply under the cost methodology policy 
        developed pursuant to subsection (a)(7).
    ``(h) Cost Methodology Policy Update Implementation Report.--Not 
later than 18 months after the updated cost methodology policy required 
under subsection (a)(7)(B) is implemented, the Committee shall submit a 
report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives that assesses the implementation of the 
updated policy.
    ``(i) Identification of State-Supported Route Changes.--Amtrak 
shall--
            ``(1) not later than 120 days before the submission of the 
        general and legislative annual report required under section 
        24315(b), consult with the Committee and any additional States 
        through which a State-supported route may operate regarding any 
        proposed changes to such route; and
            ``(2) include in such report an update of any planned or 
        proposed changes to State-supported routes, including the 
        introduction of new State-supported routes, including--
                    ``(A) the timeframe in which such changes would 
                take effect; and
                    ``(B) whether Amtrak has entered into commitments 
                with the affected States pursuant subsection (g)(2).
    ``(j) Economic Analysis.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021, 
the Committee shall submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives 
that--
            ``(1) describes the role of the State-supported routes in 
        economic development; and
            ``(2) examines the impacts of the State-supported routes on 
        local station areas, job creation, transportation efficiency, 
        State economies, and the national economy.''.

SEC. 2212. ENHANCING CROSS BORDER SERVICE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, Amtrak, after consultation with the Secretary, the 
Secretary of Homeland Security, relevant State departments of 
transportation, Canadian governmental agencies and entities, and owners 
of the relevant rail infrastructure and facilities, shall submit a 
report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives regarding enhancing Amtrak passenger rail 
service between the United States and Canada that--
            (1) identifies challenges to Amtrak operations in Canada, 
        including delays associated with custom and immigration 
        inspections in both the United States and Canada; and
            (2) includes recommendations to improve such cross border 
        service, including the feasibility of and costs associated with 
        a preclearance facility or facilities.
    (b) Assistance and Support.--The Secretary, the Secretary of State, 
and the Secretary of Homeland Security may provide assistance and 
support requested by Amtrak that is necessary to carry out this 
section, as determined appropriate by the respective Secretary.

SEC. 2213. CREATING QUALITY JOBS.

    Section 121 of the Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act of 1997 (49 
U.S.C. 24312 note) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (f); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Furloughed Work.--Amtrak may not contract out work within the 
classification of work performed by an employee in a bargaining unit 
covered by a collective bargaining agreement entered into between 
Amtrak and an organization representing Amtrak employees during the 
period such employee has been laid off and has not been recalled to 
perform such work.
    ``(e) Agreement Prohibitions on Contracting Out.--This section does 
not--
            ``(1) supersede a prohibition or limitation on contracting 
        out work covered by an agreement entered into between Amtrak 
        and an organization representing Amtrak employees; or
            ``(2) prohibit Amtrak and an organization representing 
        Amtrak employees from entering into an agreement that allows 
        for contracting out the work of a furloughed employee that 
        would otherwise be prohibited under subsection (d).''.

              Subtitle C--Intercity Passenger Rail Policy

SEC. 2301. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR PLANNING.

    Section 24904 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (a) and (d);
            (2) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections 
        (c) and (d), respectively;
            (3) by inserting before subsection (c), as redesignated, 
        the following:
    ``(a) Northeast Corridor Service Development Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than March 31, 2022, the 
        Northeast Corridor Commission established under section 24905 
        (referred to in this section as the `Commission') shall submit 
        a service development plan to Congress.
            ``(2) Contents.--The plan required under paragraph (1) 
        shall--
                    ``(A) identify key state-of-good-repair, capacity 
                expansion, and capital improvement projects planned for 
                the Northeast Corridor;
                    ``(B) provide a coordinated and consensus-based 
                plan covering a 15-year period;
                    ``(C) identify service objectives and the capital 
                investments required to meet such objectives;
                    ``(D) provide a delivery-constrained strategy that 
                identifies--
                            ``(i) capital investment phasing;
                            ``(ii) an evaluation of workforce needs; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) strategies for managing resources 
                        and mitigating construction impacts on 
                        operations; and
                    ``(E) include a financial strategy that identifies 
                funding needs and potential funding sources.
            ``(3) Updates.--The Commission shall update the service 
        development plan not less frequently than once every 5 years.
    ``(b) Northeast Corridor Capital Investment Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than November 1 of each year, 
        the Commission shall--
                    ``(A) develop an annual capital investment plan for 
                the Northeast Corridor; and
                    ``(B) submit the capital investment plan to--
                            ``(i) the Secretary of Transportation;
                            ``(ii) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
                        and Transportation of the Senate; and
                            ``(iii) the Committee on Transportation and 
                        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
            ``(2) Contents.--The plan required under paragraph (1) 
        shall--
                    ``(A) reflect coordination across the entire 
                Northeast Corridor;
                    ``(B) integrate the individual capital plans 
                developed by Amtrak, States, and commuter authorities 
                in accordance with the cost allocation policy developed 
                and approved under section 24905(c);
                    ``(C) cover a period of 5 fiscal years, beginning 
                with the fiscal year during which the plan is 
                submitted;
                    ``(D) notwithstanding section 24902(b), document 
                the projects and programs being undertaken to advance 
                the service objectives and capital investments 
                identified in the Northeast Corridor service 
                development plan developed under subsection (a), and 
                the asset condition needs identified in the Northeast 
                Corridor asset management plans, after considering--
                            ``(i) the benefits and costs of capital 
                        investments in the plan;
                            ``(ii) project and program readiness;
                            ``(iii) the operational impacts; and
                            ``(iv) Federal and non-Federal funding 
                        availability;
                    ``(E) categorize capital projects and programs as 
                primarily associated with 1 of the categories listed 
                under section 24319(c)(2)(C);
                    ``(F) identify capital projects and programs that 
                are associated with more than 1 category described in 
                subparagraph (E); and
                    ``(G) include a financial plan that identifies--
                            ``(i) funding sources and financing 
                        methods;
                            ``(ii) the status of cost sharing 
                        agreements pursuant to the cost allocation 
                        policy developed under section 24905(c);
                            ``(iii) the projects and programs that the 
                        Commission expects will receive Federal 
                        financial assistance; and
                            ``(iv) the eligible entity or entities that 
                        the Commission expects--
                                    ``(I) to receive the Federal 
                                financial assistance referred to in 
                                clause (iii); and
                                    ``(II) to implement each capital 
                                project.
            ``(3) Review and coordination.--The Commission shall 
        require that the information described in paragraph (2) be 
        submitted in a timely manner to allow for a reasonable period 
        of review by, and coordination with, affected agencies before 
        the Commission submits the capital investment plan pursuant to 
        paragraph (1).'';
            (4) in subsection (c), as redesignated, by striking ``spent 
        only on--'' and all that follows and inserting ``spent only on 
        capital projects and programs contained in the Commission's 
        capital investment plan for the prior fiscal year.''; and
            (5) by amending subsection (d), as redesignated, to read as 
        follows:
    ``(d) Northeast Corridor Capital Asset Management System.--
            ``(1) In general.--Amtrak and other infrastructure owners 
        that provide or support intercity rail passenger transportation 
        along the Northeast Corridor shall develop an asset management 
        system and use and update such system, as necessary, to develop 
        submissions to the Northeast Corridor capital investment plan 
        described in subsection (b).
            ``(2) Features.--The system required under paragraph (1) 
        shall develop submissions that--
                    ``(A) are consistent with the transit asset 
                management system (as defined in section 5326(a)(3)); 
                and
                    ``(B) include--
                            ``(i) an inventory of all capital assets 
                        owned by the developer of the plan;
                            ``(ii) an assessment of condition of such 
                        capital assets;
                            ``(iii) a description of the resources and 
                        processes that will be necessary to bring or to 
                        maintain such capital assets in a state of good 
                        repair; and
                            ``(iv) a description of changes in the 
                        condition of such capital assets since the 
                        submission of the prior version of the plan.''.

SEC. 2302. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR COMMISSION.

    Section 24905 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)(D), by inserting ``authorities'' 
        after ``carriers'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(3)(B)--
                    (A) in clause (i)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, including ridership 
                        trends,'' after ``transportation''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (ii)--
                            (i) by inserting ``first year of the'' 
                        after ``the delivery of the''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) progress in assessing and 
                        eliminating the state-of-good-repair 
                        backlog.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``Development of policy'' and inserting 
                        ``Policy'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``develop a standardized policy'' and inserting 
                        ``develop and maintain the standardized policy 
                        first approved on September 17, 2015, and 
                        update, as appropriate,'';
                            (iii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
                        as follows:
                    ``(B) develop timetables for implementing and 
                maintaining the policy;'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``the 
                        policy and the timetable'' and inserting 
                        ``updates to the policy and timetables''; and
                            (v) by amending subparagraph (D) to read as 
                        follows:
                    ``(D) support the efforts of the members of the 
                Commission to implement the policy in accordance with 
                the timetables developed pursuant to subparagraph 
                (B);'';
                    (B) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Implementation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In accordance with the 
                timetables developed pursuant to paragraph (1)(B), 
                Amtrak and commuter authorities on the Northeast 
                Corridor shall implement the policy developed under 
                paragraph (1) in their agreements for usage of 
                facilities or services.
                    ``(B) Effect of failure to implement or comply with 
                policy.--If the entities referred to in subparagraph 
                (A) fail to implement the policy in accordance with 
                paragraph (1)(D) or fail to comply with the policy 
                thereafter, the Surface Transportation Board shall--
                            ``(i) determine the appropriate 
                        compensation in accordance with the procedures 
                        and procedural schedule applicable to a 
                        proceeding under section 24903(c), after taking 
                        into consideration the policy developed under 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) enforce its determination on the 
                        party or parties involved.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (4), by striking ``public 
                authorities providing commuter rail passenger 
                transportation'' and inserting ``commuter 
                authorities''; and
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``2016 through 2020'' and inserting 
                ``2022 through 2026''; and
                    (B) by striking ``section 11101(g) of the Passenger 
                Rail Reform and Investment Act of 2015'' and inserting 
                ``section 101(e) of the Passenger Rail Expansion and 
                Rail Safety Act of 2021''.

SEC. 2303. CONSOLIDATED RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 22907 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``(including the 
                District of Columbia)'' after ``State'';
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``rail carrier 
                and intercity rail passenger transportation are'' 
                before ``defined'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (8) through (11) as 
                paragraphs (10) through (13), respectively; and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
            ``(8) An association representing 1 or more railroads 
        described in paragraph (7).'';
            ``(9) A federally recognized Indian Tribe.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by adding ``or safety'' after 
                ``congestion'';
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' and 
                inserting ``or'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (11) and (12) as 
                paragraphs (12) and (13), respectively;
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (10) the 
                following:
            ``(11) The development and implementation of measures to 
        prevent trespassing and reduce associated injuries and 
        fatalities.''; and
                    (E) by inserting after paragraph (13), as 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(14) Research, development, and testing to advance and 
        facilitate innovative rail projects, including projects using 
        electromagnetic guideways in an enclosure in a very low-
        pressure environment.
            ``(15) The preparation of emergency plans for communities 
        through which hazardous materials are transported by rail.''; 
        and
            (3) in subsection (h), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Grade crossing and trespassing projects.--Applicants 
        may use costs incurred previously for preliminary engineering 
        associated with highway-rail grade crossing improvement 
        projects under subsection (c)(5) and trespassing prevention 
        projects under subsection (c)(11) to satisfy the non-Federal 
        share requirements.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--The amendments made by subsection (a) 
may not be construed to affect any grant, including any application for 
a grant, made under section 22907 of title 49, United States Code, 
before the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Technical Correction.--
            (1) In general.--Section 22907(l)(1)(A) of title 49, United 
        States Code, is amended by inserting ``, including highway 
        construction over rail facilities as an alternative to 
        construction or improvement of a highway-rail grade crossing,'' 
        after ``under chapter 227''.
            (2) Applicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) 
        shall apply to amounts remaining under section 22907(l) of 
        title 49, United States Code, from appropriations for prior 
        fiscal years.

SEC. 2304. RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT GRANTS.

    Section 22908 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Applicant.--Notwithstanding section 22901(1), the 
        term `applicant' means--
                    ``(A) a State, including the District of Columbia;
                    ``(B) a group of States;
                    ``(C) an entity implementing an interstate compact;
                    ``(D) a public agency or publicly chartered 
                authority established by 1 or more States;
                    ``(E) a political subdivision of a State;
                    ``(F) a federally recognized Indian Tribe;
                    ``(G) Amtrak or another rail carrier that provides 
                intercity rail passenger transportation;
                    ``(H) any rail carrier in partnership with at least 
                1 of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) 
                through (F); and
                    ``(I) any combination of the entities described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (F).
            ``(2) Operating assistance.--The term `operating 
        assistance', with respect to any route subject to section 209 
        of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 
        (Public Law 110-432), means any cost allocated, or that may be 
        allocated, to a route pursuant to the cost methodology 
        established under such section or under section 24712.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(3), by striking ``3 years'' each 
        place such term appears and inserting ``6 years'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'';
                    (B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) for routes selected under the Corridor 
        Identification and Development Program and operated by 
        Amtrak.''; and
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``assistance''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``3 years'' and inserting 
                        ``6 years (including for any such routes 
                        selected for funding before the date of 
                        enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and 
                        Rail Safety Act of 2021)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking subparagraphs 
                (A), (B), and (C) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) 90 percent of the projected net operating 
                costs for the first year of service;
                    ``(B) 80 percent of the projected net operating 
                costs for the second year of service;
                    ``(C) 70 percent of the projected net operating 
                costs for the third year of service;
                    ``(D) 60 percent of the projected net operating 
                costs for the fourth year of service;
                    ``(E) 50 percent of the projected net operating 
                costs for the fifth year of service; and
                    ``(F) 30 percent of the projected net operating 
                costs for the sixth year of service.''.

SEC. 2305. RAILROAD CROSSING ELIMINATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 229 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 22909. Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation 
with the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration, shall 
establish a competitive grant program (referred to in this section as 
the `Program') under which the Secretary shall award grants to eligible 
recipients described in subsection (c) for highway-rail or pathway-rail 
grade crossing improvement projects that focus on improving the safety 
and mobility of people and goods.
    ``(b) Goals.--The goals of the Program are--
            ``(1) to eliminate highway-rail grade crossings that are 
        frequently blocked by trains;
            ``(2) to improve the health and safety of communities;
            ``(3) to reduce the impacts that freight movement and 
        railroad operations may have on underserved communities; and
            ``(4) to improve the mobility of people and goods.
    ``(c) Eligible Recipients.--The following entities are eligible to 
receive a grant under this section:
            ``(1) A State, including the District of Columbia, Puerto 
        Rico, and other United States territories and possessions.
            ``(2) A political subdivision of a State.
            ``(3) A federally recognized Indian Tribe.
            ``(4) A unit of local government or a group of local 
        governments.
            ``(5) A public port authority.
            ``(6) A metropolitan planning organization.
            ``(7) A group of entities described in any of paragraphs 
        (1) through (6).
    ``(d) Eligible Projects.--The Secretary may award a grant under the 
Program for a highway-rail or pathway-rail grade crossing improvement 
project (including acquiring real property interests) involving--
            ``(1) grade separation or closure, including through the 
        use of a bridge, embankment, tunnel, or combination thereof;
            ``(2) track relocation;
            ``(3) the improvement or installation of protective 
        devices, signals, signs, or other measures to improve safety, 
        provided that such activities are related to a separation or 
        relocation project described in paragraph (1) or (2);
            ``(4) other means to improve the safety and mobility of 
        people and goods at highway-rail grade crossings (including 
        technological solutions);
            ``(5) a group of related projects described in paragraphs 
        (1) through (4) that would collectively improve the mobility of 
        people and goods; or
            ``(6) the planning, environmental review, and design of an 
        eligible project described in paragraphs (1) through (5).
    ``(e) Application Process.--
            ``(1) In general.--An eligible entity seeking a grant under 
        the Program shall submit an application to the Secretary at 
        such time, in such manner, and containing such information as 
        the Secretary may require.
            ``(2) Railroad approvals.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall require 
                applicants to obtain the necessary approvals from any 
                impacted rail carriers or real property owners before 
                proceeding with the construction of a project funded by 
                a grant under the Program.
                    ``(B) Exception.--The requirement under 
                subparagraph (A) shall not apply to planning projects 
                described in subsection (d)(6) if the applicant agrees 
                to work collaboratively with rail carriers and right-
                of-way owners.
    ``(f) Project Selection Criteria.--
            ``(1) In general.--In awarding grants under the Program, 
        the Secretary shall evaluate the extent to which proposed 
        projects would--
                    ``(A) improve safety at highway-rail or pathway-
                rail grade crossings;
                    ``(B) grade separate, eliminate, or close highway-
                rail or pathway-rail grade crossings;
                    ``(C) improve the mobility of people and goods;
                    ``(D) reduce emissions, protect the environment, 
                and provide community benefits, including noise 
                reduction;
                    ``(E) improve access to emergency services;
                    ``(F) provide economic benefits; and
                    ``(G) improve access to communities separated by 
                rail crossings.
            ``(2) Additional considerations.--In awarding grants under 
        the Program, the Secretary shall consider--
                    ``(A) the degree to which the proposed project will 
                use--
                            ``(i) innovative technologies;
                            ``(ii) innovative design and construction 
                        techniques; or
                            ``(iii) construction materials that reduce 
                        greenhouse gas emissions;
                    ``(B) the applicant's planned use of contracting 
                incentives to employ local labor, to the extent 
                permissible under Federal law;
                    ``(C) whether the proposed project will improve the 
                mobility of--
                            ``(i) multiple modes of transportation, 
                        including ingress and egress from freight 
                        facilities; or
                            ``(ii) users of nonvehicular modes of 
                        transportation, such as pedestrians, 
                        bicyclists, and public transportation;
                    ``(D) whether the proposed project is identified 
                in--
                            ``(i) the freight investment plan component 
                        of a State freight plan, as required under 
                        section 70202(b)(9);
                            ``(ii) a State rail plan prepared in 
                        accordance with chapter 227; or
                            ``(iii) a State highway-rail grade crossing 
                        action plan, as required under section 11401(b) 
                        of the Passenger Rail Reform and Investment Act 
                        of 2015 (title XI of Public Law 114-94); and
                    ``(E) the level of financial support provided by 
                impacted rail carriers.
            ``(3) Award distribution.--In selecting grants for Program 
        funds in any fiscal year, the Secretary shall comply with the 
        following limitations:
                    ``(A) Grant funds.--Not less than 20 percent of the 
                grant funds available for the Program in any fiscal 
                year shall be reserved for projects located in rural 
                areas or on Tribal lands. The requirement under section 
                22907(l), which applies to this section, shall not 
                apply to grant funds reserved specifically under this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Planning grants.--Not less than 25 percent of 
                the grant funds set aside for planning projects in any 
                fiscal year pursuant to section 2104(b) of the 
                Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021 
                shall be awarded for projects located in rural areas or 
                on tribal lands.
                    ``(C) State limitation.--Not more than 20 percent 
                of the grant funds available for the Program in any 
                fiscal year may be selected for projects in any single 
                State.
                    ``(D) Minimum size.--No grant awarded under this 
                section shall be for less than $1,000,000, except for a 
                planning grant described in subsection (d)(6).
    ``(g) Cost Share.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Federal 
share of the cost of a project carried out using a grant under the 
Program may not exceed 80 percent of the total cost of the project. 
Applicants may count costs incurred for preliminary engineering 
associated with highway-rail and pathway-rail grade crossing 
improvement projects as part of the total project costs.
    ``(h) Congressional Notification.--Not later than 3 days before 
awarding a grant for a project under the Program, the Secretary shall 
submit written notification of the proposed grant to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, 
which shall include--
            ``(1) a summary of the project; and
            ``(2) the amount of the proposed grant award.
    ``(i) Annual Report.--Not later than 60 days after each round of 
award notifications, the Secretary shall post, on the public website of 
the Department of Transportation--
            ``(1) a list of all eligible applicants that submitted an 
        application for funding under the Program during the current 
        fiscal year;
            ``(2) a list of the grant recipients and projects that 
        received grant funding under the Program during such fiscal 
        year; and
            ``(3) a list of the proposed projects and applicants that 
        were determined to be ineligible.
    ``(j) Defined Term.--In this section, the term `rural area' means 
any area that is not within an area designated as an urbanized area by 
the Bureau of the Census.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 229 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``22909. Railroad Crossing Elimination Program.''.

SEC. 2306. INTERSTATE RAIL COMPACTS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 229 of title 49, United States Code (as 
amended by section 2305(a)), is further amended by adding at the end 
the following:
``Sec. 22910. Interstate Rail Compacts Grant Program
    ``(a) Grants Authorized.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
establish a competitive grant program to provide financial assistance 
to entities implementing interstate rail compacts pursuant to section 
410 of the Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act of 1997 (49 U.S.C. 
24101 note) for--
            ``(1) costs of administration;
            ``(2) systems planning, including studying the impacts on 
        freight rail operations and ridership;
            ``(3) promotion of intercity passenger rail operation;
            ``(4) preparation of applications for competitive Federal 
        grant programs; and
            ``(5) operations coordination.
    ``(b) Maximum Amount.--The Secretary may not award a grant under 
this section in an amount exceeding $1,000,000 per year.
    ``(c) Selection Criteria.--In selecting a recipient of a grant for 
an eligible project under this section, the Secretary shall consider--
            ``(1) the amount of funding received (including funding 
        from a rail carrier (as defined in section 24102) or other 
        participation by State, local, and regional governments and the 
        private sector;
            ``(2) the applicant's work to foster economic development 
        through rail service, particularly in rural communities;
            ``(3) whether the applicant seeks to restore service over 
        routes formerly operated by Amtrak, including routes described 
        in section 11304(a) of the Passenger Rail Reform and Investment 
        Act of 2015 (title XI of division A of Public Law 114-94);
            ``(4) the applicant's dedication to providing intercity 
        passenger rail service to regions and communities that are 
        underserved or not served by other intercity public 
        transportation;
            ``(5) whether the applicant is enhancing connectivity and 
        geographic coverage of the existing national network of 
        intercity passenger rail service;
            ``(6) whether the applicant prepares regional rail or 
        corridor service development plans and corresponding 
        environmental analysis; and
            ``(7) whether the applicant has engaged with appropriate 
        government entities and transportation providers to identify 
        projects necessary to enhance multimodal connections or 
        facilitate service integration between rail service and other 
        modes, including between intercity passenger rail service and 
        intercity bus service or commercial air service.
    ``(d) Numerical Limitation.--The Secretary may not award grants 
under this section for more than 10 interstate rail compacts in any 
fiscal year.
    ``(e) Operator Limitation.--The Secretary may only award grants 
under this section to applicants with eligible expenses related to 
intercity passenger rail service to be operated by Amtrak.
    ``(f) Non-Federal Match.--The Secretary shall require each 
recipient of a grant under this section to provide a non-Federal match 
of not less than 50 percent of the eligible expenses of carrying out 
the interstate rail compact under this section.
    ``(g) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021, the 
Secretary, after consultation with grant recipients under this section, 
shall submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives that describes--
            ``(1) the implementation of this section;
            ``(2) the status of the planning efforts and coordination 
        funded by grants awarded under this section;
            ``(3) the plans of grant recipients for continued 
        implementation of the interstate rail compacts;
            ``(4) the status of, and data regarding, any new, restored, 
        or enhanced rail services initiated under the interstate rail 
        compacts; and
            ``(5) any legislative recommendations.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 229 of title 49, 
United States Code (as amended by section 2305(b)), is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``22910. Interstate Rail Compacts Grant Program.''.
    (c) Identification.--Section 410 of the Amtrak Reform and 
Accountability Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-134; 49 U.S.C. 24101 note) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``(except funds made 
        available for Amtrak)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Notification Requirement.--Any State that enters into an 
interstate compact pursuant to subsection (a) shall notify the 
Secretary of Transportation of such compact not later than 60 days 
after it is formed. The failure of any State to notify the Secretary 
under this subsection shall not affect the status of the interstate 
compact.
    ``(d) Interstate Rail Compacts Program.--The Secretary of 
Transportation shall--
            ``(1) make available on a publicly accessible website a 
        list of interstate rail compacts established under subsection 
        (a) before the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail 
        Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021 and interstate rail 
        compacts established after such date; and
            ``(2) make information regarding interstate rail compacts 
        available to the public, including how States may establish 
        interstate rail compacts under subsection (a), and update such 
        information, as necessary.''.

SEC. 2307. FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP FOR INTERCITY PASSENGER RAIL 
              GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 24911 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``for state of good 
        repair'' and inserting ``for intercity passenger rail'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``or'' 
                        at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subsection (G) as 
                        subsection (H);
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (F), 
                        the following:
                    ``(G) A federally recognized Indian Tribe; or''; 
                and
                            (iv) in subsection (H), as redesignated, by 
                        striking ``(F)'' and inserting ``(G)'';
                    (B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (5); and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively;
            (3) in subsection (b), by striking ``with respect to 
        qualified railroad assets'' and inserting ``, improve 
        performance, or expand or establish new intercity passenger 
        rail service, including privately operated intercity passenger 
        rail service if an eligible applicant is involved;'';
            (4) by striking subsections (c) through (e) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(c) Eligible Projects.--The following capital projects, including 
acquisition of real property interests, are eligible to receive grants 
under this section:
            ``(1) A project to replace, rehabilitate, or repair 
        infrastructure, equipment, or a facility used for providing 
        intercity passenger rail service to bring such assets into a 
        state of good repair.
            ``(2) A project to improve intercity passenger rail service 
        performance, including reduced trip times, increased train 
        frequencies, higher operating speeds, improved reliability, 
        expanded capacity, reduced congestion, electrification, and 
        other improvements, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(3) A project to expand or establish new intercity 
        passenger rail service.
            ``(4) A group of related projects described in paragraphs 
        (1) through (3).
            ``(5) The planning, environmental studies, and final design 
        for a project or group of projects described in paragraphs (1) 
        through (4).
    ``(d) Project Selection Criteria.--In selecting a project for 
funding under this section--
            ``(1) for projects located on the Northeast Corridor, the 
        Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) make selections consistent with the Northeast 
                Corridor Project Inventory published pursuant to 
                subsection (e)(1), unless when necessary to address 
                materially changed infrastructure or service 
                conditions, changes in project sponsor capabilities or 
                commitments, or other significant changes since the 
                completion of the most recently issued Northeast 
                Corridor Project Inventory; and
                    ``(B) for projects that benefit intercity and 
                commuter rail services, only make such selections when 
                Amtrak and the public authorities providing commuter 
                rail passenger transportation at the eligible project 
                location--
                            ``(i) are in compliance with section 
                        24905(c)(2);
                            ``(ii) have identified the intercity 
                        passenger rail share of the eligible project; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) identify funding for the commuter 
                        rail share of the non-Federal share of the 
                        project before the commencement of the project;
            ``(2) for projects not located on the Northeast Corridor, 
        the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) give preference to eligible projects--
                            ``(i) for which Amtrak is not the sole 
                        applicant;
                            ``(ii) that improve the financial 
                        performance reliability, service frequency, or 
                        address the state of good repair of an Amtrak 
                        route; and
                            ``(iii) that are identified in, and 
                        consistent with, a corridor inventory prepared 
                        under the Corridor Identification and 
                        Development Program pursuant to section 25101; 
                        and
                    ``(B) take into account--
                            ``(i) the cost-benefit analysis of the 
                        proposed project, including anticipated private 
                        and public benefits relative to the costs of 
                        the proposed project, including--
                                    ``(I) effects on system and service 
                                performance, including as measured by 
                                applicable metrics set forth in part 
                                273 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                                Regulations;
                                    ``(II) effects on safety, 
                                competitiveness, reliability, trip or 
                                transit time, greenhouse gas emissions, 
                                and resilience;
                                    ``(III) efficiencies from improved 
                                connections with other modes; and
                                    ``(IV) ability to meet existing or 
                                anticipated demand;
                            ``(ii) the degree to which the proposed 
                        project's business plan considers potential 
                        private sector participation in the financing, 
                        construction, or operation of the proposed 
                        project;
                            ``(iii) the applicant's past performance in 
                        developing and delivering similar projects, and 
                        previous financial contributions;
                            ``(iv) whether the applicant has, or will 
                        have--
                                    ``(I) the legal, financial, and 
                                technical capacity to carry out the 
                                project;
                                    ``(II) satisfactory continuing 
                                access to the equipment or facilities; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) the capability and 
                                willingness to maintain the equipment 
                                or facilities;
                            ``(v) if applicable, the consistency of the 
                        project with planning guidance and documents 
                        set forth by the Secretary or otherwise 
                        required by law; and
                            ``(vi) any other relevant factors, as 
                        determined by the Secretary; and
            ``(3) the Secretary shall reserve--
                    ``(A) not less than 45 percent of the amounts 
                appropriated for grants under this section for projects 
                not located along the Northeast Corridor, of which not 
                less than 20 percent shall be for projects that benefit 
                (in whole or in part) a long-distance route; and
                    ``(B) not less than 45 percent of the amounts 
                appropriated for grants under this section for projects 
                listed on the Northeast Corridor project inventory 
                published pursuant to subsection (e)(1).
    ``(e) Long-Term Planning.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021, 
and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall create a predictable 
project pipeline that will assist Amtrak, States, and the public with 
long-term capital planning by publishing a Northeast Corridor project 
inventory that--
            ``(1) identifies capital projects for Federal investment, 
        project applicants, and proposed Federal funding levels under 
        this section;
            ``(2) specifies the order in which the Secretary will 
        provide grant funding to projects that have identified sponsors 
        and are located along the Northeast Corridor, including a 
        method and plan for apportioning funds to project sponsors for 
        the 2-year period, which may be altered by the Secretary, as 
        necessary, if recipients are not carrying out projects in 
        accordance with the anticipated schedule;
            ``(3) takes into consideration the appropriate sequence and 
        phasing of projects described in the Northeast Corridor capital 
        investment plan developed pursuant to section 24904(a);
            ``(4) is consistent with the most recent Northeast Corridor 
        service development plan update described in section 24904(d);
            ``(5) takes into consideration the existing commitments and 
        anticipated Federal, project applicant, sponsor, and other 
        relevant funding levels for the next 5 fiscal years based on 
        information currently available to the Secretary; and
            ``(6) is developed in consultation with the Northeast 
        Corridor Commission and the owners of Northeast Corridor 
        infrastructure and facilities.'';
            (5) in subsection (f)(2), by inserting ``, except as 
        specified under paragraph (4)'' after ``80 percent'';
            (6) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``; 
                Phased Funding Agreements'' after ``Intent'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``In general'' and inserting ``Letters of 
                        intent''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``shall, to the maximum 
                        extent practicable,'' and inserting ``may'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as 
                paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively;
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Phased funding agreements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may enter into a 
                phased funding agreement with an applicant if--
                            ``(i) the project is highly rated, based on 
                        the evaluations and ratings conducted pursuant 
                        to this section and the applicable notice of 
                        funding opportunity; and
                            ``(ii) the Federal assistance to be 
                        provided for the project under this section is 
                        more than $80,000,000.
                    ``(B) Terms.--A phased funding agreement shall--
                            ``(i) establish the terms of participation 
                        by the Federal Government in the project;
                            ``(ii) establish the maximum amount of 
                        Federal financial assistance for the project;
                            ``(iii) include the period of time for 
                        completing the project, even if such period 
                        extends beyond the period for which Federal 
                        financial assistance is authorized;
                            ``(iv) make timely and efficient management 
                        of the project easier in accordance with 
                        Federal law; and
                            ``(v) if applicable, specify when the 
                        process for complying with the National 
                        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 
                        4321 et seq.) and related environmental laws 
                        will be completed for the project.
                    ``(C) Special financial rules.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A phased funding 
                        agreement under this paragraph obligates an 
                        amount of available budget authority specified 
                        in law and may include a commitment, contingent 
                        on amounts to be specified in law in advance 
                        for commitments under this paragraph, to 
                        obligate an additional amount from future 
                        available budget authority specified in law.
                            ``(ii) Statement of contingent 
                        commitment.--The agreement shall state that the 
                        contingent commitment is not an obligation of 
                        the Government.
                            ``(iii) Interest and other financing 
                        costs.--Interest and other financing costs of 
                        efficiently carrying out a part of the project 
                        within a reasonable time are a cost of carrying 
                        out the project under a phased funding 
                        agreement, except that eligible costs may not 
                        be more than the cost of the most favorable 
                        financing terms reasonably available for the 
                        project at the time of borrowing. The applicant 
                        shall certify, to the satisfaction of the 
                        Secretary, that the applicant has shown 
                        reasonable diligence in seeking the most 
                        favorable financing terms.
                            ``(iv) Failure to carry out project.--If an 
                        applicant does not carry out the project for 
                        reasons within the control of the applicant, 
                        the applicant shall repay all Federal grant 
                        funds awarded for the project from all Federal 
                        funding sources, for all project activities, 
                        facilities, and equipment, plus reasonable 
                        interest and penalty charges allowable by law 
                        or established by the Secretary in the phased 
                        funding agreement. For purposes of this clause, 
                        a process for complying with the National 
                        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 
                        4321 et seq.) that results in the selection of 
                        the no build alternative is not within the 
                        applicant's control.
                            ``(v) Crediting of funds received.--Any 
                        funds received by the Government under this 
                        paragraph, except for interest and penalty 
                        charges, shall be credited to the appropriation 
                        account from which the funds were originally 
                        derived.'';
                    (E) in paragraph (3), as redesignated--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by inserting ``a phased 
                        funding agreement under paragraph (2) or'' 
                        after ``issuing''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting 
                        ``the phased funding agreement or'' after ``a 
                        copy of''; and
                    (F) in paragraph (4), as redesignated--
                            (i) by striking ``An obligation'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Appropriations required.--An obligation''; 
                and
                            (ii) by inserting before subparagraph (B), 
                        as added by clause (i), the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may enter into 
                phased funding agreements under this subsection that 
                contain contingent commitments to incur obligations in 
                such amounts as the Secretary determines are 
                appropriate.''; and
            (7) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Annual Report on Phased Funding Agreements and Letters of 
Intent.--Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the 
Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives, and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives that includes--
            ``(1) a proposal for the allocation of amounts to be 
        available to finance grants for projects under this section 
        among applicants for such amounts;
            ``(2) evaluations and ratings, as applicable, for each 
        project that has received a phased funding agreement or a 
        letter of intent; and
            ``(3) recommendations for each project that has received a 
        phased funding agreement or a letter of intent for funding 
        based on the evaluations and ratings, as applicable, and on 
        existing commitments and anticipated funding levels for the 
        next 3 fiscal years based on information currently available to 
        the Secretary.
    ``(k) Regional Planning Guidance Corridor Planning.--The Secretary 
may withhold up to 5 percent of the total amount made available to 
carry out this section to carry out planning and development activities 
related to section 25101, including--
            ``(1) providing funding to public entities for the 
        development of corridor development plans selected under the 
        Corridor Identification and Development Program;
            ``(2) facilitating and providing guidance for intercity 
        passenger rail systems planning;
            ``(3) providing funding for the development and refinement 
        of intercity passenger rail systems planning analytical tools 
        and models; and
            ``(4) providing funding to public entities for the 
        development of corridor development plans selected under the 
        Corridor Identification and Development Program.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 249 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
24911 and inserting the following:

``24911. Federal-State partnership for intercity passenger rail.''.

SEC. 2308. CORRIDOR IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Part C of subtitle V of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

                 ``CHAPTER 251--PASSENGER RAIL PLANNING

``Sec.
``25101. Corridor Identification and Development Program.
``Sec. 25101. Corridor Identification and Development Program
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a program to facilitate 
the development of intercity passenger rail corridors. The program 
shall include--
            ``(1) a process for eligible entities described in 
        subsection (b) to submit proposals for the development of 
        intercity passenger rail corridors;
            ``(2) a process for the Secretary to review and select 
        proposals in accordance with subsection (c);
            ``(3) criteria for determining the level of readiness for 
        Federal financial assistance of an intercity passenger rail 
        corridor, which shall include--
                    ``(A) identification of a service operator which 
                may include Amtrak or private rail carriers;
                    ``(B) identification of a service sponsor or 
                sponsors;
                    ``(C) identification capital project sponsors;
                    ``(D) engagement with the host railroads; and
                    ``(E) other criteria as determined appropriate by 
                the Secretary;
            ``(4) a process for preparing service development plans in 
        accordance with subsection (d), including the identification of 
        planning funds, such as funds made available under section 
        24911(k) and interstate rail compact grants established under 
        section 22210;
            ``(5) the creation of a pipeline of intercity passenger 
        rail corridor projects under subsection (g);
            ``(6) planning guidance to achieve the purposes of this 
        section, including guidance for intercity passenger rail 
        corridors not selected under this section; and
            ``(7) such other features as the Secretary considers 
        relevant to the successful development of intercity passenger 
        rail corridors.
    ``(b) Eligible Entities.--The Secretary may receive proposals under 
this section from Amtrak, States, groups of States, entities 
implementing interstate compacts, regional passenger rail authorities, 
regional planning organizations, political subdivisions of a State, 
federally recognized Indian Tribes, and other public entities, as 
determined by the Secretary.
    ``(c) Corridor Selection.--In selecting intercity passenger rail 
corridors pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider--
            ``(1) whether the route was identified as part of a 
        regional or interregional intercity passenger rail systems 
        planning study;
            ``(2) projected ridership, revenues, capital investment, 
        and operating funding requirements;
            ``(3) anticipated environmental, congestion mitigation, and 
        other public benefits;
            ``(4) projected trip times and their competitiveness with 
        other transportation modes;
            ``(5) anticipated positive economic and employment impacts, 
        including development in the areas near passenger stations, 
        historic districts, or other opportunity zones;
            ``(6) committed or anticipated State, regional 
        transportation authority, or other non-Federal funding for 
        operating and capital costs;
            ``(7) benefits to rural communities;
            ``(8) whether the corridor is included in a State's 
        approved State rail plan developed pursuant to chapter 227;
            ``(9) whether the corridor serves historically unserved or 
        underserved and low-income communities or areas of persistent 
        poverty;
            ``(10) whether the corridor would benefit or improve 
        connectivity with existing or planned transportation services 
        of other modes;
            ``(11) whether the corridor connects at least 2 of the 100 
        most populated metropolitan areas;
            ``(12) whether the corridor would enhance the regional 
        equity and geographic diversity of intercity passenger rail 
        service;
            ``(13) whether the corridor is or would be integrated into 
        the national rail passenger transportation system and whether 
        the corridor would create benefits for other passenger rail 
        routes and services; and
            ``(14) whether a passenger rail operator, including a 
        private rail carrier, has expressed support for the corridor.
    ``(d) Service Development Plans.--For each corridor proposal 
selected for development under this section, the Secretary shall 
partner with the entity that submitted the proposal and relevant States 
to prepare a service development plan (or to update an existing service 
development plan), which shall include--
            ``(1) a detailed description of the proposed intercity 
        passenger rail service, including train frequencies, peak and 
        average operating speeds, and trip times;
            ``(2) a corridor project inventory that--
                    ``(A) identifies the capital projects necessary to 
                achieve the proposed intercity passenger rail service, 
                including--
                            ``(i) the capital projects for which 
                        Federal investment will be sought;
                            ``(ii) the likely project applicants; and
                            ``(iii) the proposed Federal funding 
                        levels;
                    ``(B) specifies the order in which Federal funding 
                will be sought for the capital projects identified 
                under subparagraph (A), after considering the 
                appropriate sequence and phasing of projects based on 
                the anticipated availability of funds; and
                    ``(C) is developed in consultation with the 
                entities listed in subsection (e);
            ``(3) a schedule and any associated phasing of projects and 
        related service initiation or changes;
            ``(4) project sponsors and other entities expected to 
        participate in carrying out the plan;
            ``(5) a description of how the corridor would comply with 
        Federal rail safety and security laws, orders, and regulations;
            ``(6) the locations of existing and proposed stations;
            ``(7) the needs for rolling stock and other equipment;
            ``(8) a financial plan identifying projected--
                    ``(A) annual revenues;
                    ``(B) annual ridership;
                    ``(C) capital investments before service could be 
                initiated;
                    ``(D) capital investments required to maintain 
                service;
                    ``(E) annual operating and costs; and
                    ``(F) sources of capital investment and operating 
                financial support;
            ``(9) a description of how the corridor would contribute to 
        the development of a multi-State regional network of intercity 
        passenger rail;
            ``(10) an intermodal plan describing how the new or 
        improved corridor facilitates travel connections with other 
        passenger transportation services;
            ``(11) a description of the anticipated environmental 
        benefits of the corridor; and
            ``(12) a description of the corridor's impacts on highway 
        and aviation congestion, energy consumption, land use, and 
        economic development in the service area.
    ``(e) Consultation.--In partnering on the preparation of a service 
development plan under subsection (d), the Secretary shall consult 
with--
            ``(1) Amtrak;
            ``(2) appropriate State and regional transportation 
        authorities and local officials;
            ``(3) representatives of employee labor organizations 
        representing railroad and other appropriate employees;
            ``(4) host railroads for the proposed corridor; and
            ``(5) other stakeholders, as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(f) Updates.--If at least 40 percent of the work to implement a 
service development plan prepared under subsection (d) has not yet been 
completed, the plan's sponsor, in consultation with the Secretary, 
shall determine whether such plan should be updated.
    ``(g) Project Pipeline.--Not later than 1 year after the 
establishment of the program under this section, and by February 1st of 
each year thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the House of Representatives a project pipeline, in 
accordance with this section, that--
            ``(1) identifies intercity passenger rail corridors 
        selected for development under this section;
            ``(2) identifies capital projects for Federal investment, 
        project applicants, and proposed Federal funding levels, as 
        applicable, consistent with the corridor project inventory;
            ``(3) specifies the order in which the Secretary would 
        provide Federal financial assistance, subject to the 
        availability of funds, to projects that have identified 
        sponsors, including a method and plan for apportioning funds to 
        project sponsors for a 5-year period, which may be altered by 
        the Secretary, as necessary, if recipients are not carrying out 
        projects on the anticipated schedule;
            ``(4) takes into consideration the appropriate sequence and 
        phasing of projects described in the corridor project 
        inventory;
            ``(5) takes into consideration the existing commitments and 
        anticipated Federal, project applicant, sponsor, and other 
        relevant funding levels for the next 5 fiscal years based on 
        information currently available to the Secretary;
            ``(6) is prioritized based on the level of readiness of the 
        corridor; and
            ``(7) reflects consultation with Amtrak.
    ``(h) Definition.--In this section, the term `intercity passenger 
rail corridor' means--
            ``(1) a new intercity passenger rail route of less than 750 
        miles;
            ``(2) the enhancement of an existing intercity passenger 
        rail route of less than 750 miles;
            ``(3) the restoration of service over all or portions of an 
        intercity passenger rail route formerly operated by Amtrak; or
            ``(4) the increase of service frequency of a long-distance 
        intercity passenger rail route.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of chapters for subtitle V of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to chapter 249 the following:

``Chapter 251.  Passenger rail planning.....................   25101''.

SEC. 2309. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD PASSENGER RAIL PROGRAM.

     The Surface Transportation Board shall--
            (1) establish a passenger rail program with primary 
        responsibility for carrying out the Board's passenger rail 
        responsibilities; and
            (2) hire up to 10 additional full-time employees to assist 
        in carrying out the responsibilities referred to in paragraph 
        (1).

SEC. 2310. RAILROAD RIGHTS-OF-WAY.

    (a) Review.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) conduct a review of the exemption for railroad rights-
        of-way under section 306108 of title 54, United States Code, to 
        determine whether and to what extent the exemption streamlines 
        compliance with such section; and
            (2) quantify the efficiencies achieved by such exemption 
        and the remaining inefficiencies.
    (b) Consultation.--In conducting the review pursuant to subsection 
(a), the Comptroller General shall consult with the Secretary, the 
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the National Conference of 
State Historic Preservation Officers, the National Association of 
Tribal Historic Preservation Officers, the Department of the Interior, 
and representatives of the railroad industry.
    (c) Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit a report to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives that--
            (1) describes the results of the review conducted pursuant 
        to subsection (a); and
            (2) includes recommendations for any regulatory or 
        legislative amendments that may further streamline compliance 
        with the requirements under section 306108 of title 54, United 
        States Code, in a manner that is consistent with railroad 
        safety and the policies and purposes of such section, including 
        recommendations regarding--
                    (A) the property based exemption; and
                    (B) ways to improve the process, while ensuring 
                that historical properties remain protected under such 
                section.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Advisory Council on 
Historic Preservation shall submit a report to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives 
that addresses--
            (1) the recommendations received from the Comptroller 
        General pursuant to subsection (c)(2); and
            (2) the actions that the Secretary will take to implement 
        such recommendations.

                        Subtitle D--Rail Safety

SEC. 2401. RAILWAY-HIGHWAY CROSSINGS PROGRAM EVALUATION.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall evaluate the requirements of 
the railway-highway crossings program authorized under section 130 of 
title 23, United States Code, to determine whether--
            (1) the requirements of the program provide States 
        sufficient flexibility to adequately address current and 
        emerging highway-rail grade crossing safety issues;
            (2) the structure of the program provides sufficient 
        incentives and resources to States and local agencies to make 
        changes at highway-rail grade crossings that are most effective 
        at reducing deaths and injuries;
            (3) there are appropriate tools and resources to support 
        States in using data driven programs to determine the most 
        cost-effective use of program funds; and
            (4) any statutory changes are recommended to improve the 
        effectiveness of the program.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
Environment and Public Works of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives that 
summarizes and describes the results of the evaluation conducted 
pursuant to subsection (a), including any recommended statutory 
changes.

SEC. 2402. GRADE CROSSING ACCIDENT PREDICTION MODEL.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration shall--
            (1) update the grade crossing accident prediction and 
        severity model used by the Federal Railroad Administration to 
        analyze accident risk at highway-rail grade crossings; and
            (2) provide training on the use of the updated grade 
        crossing accident prediction and severity model.

SEC. 2403. PERIODIC UPDATES TO HIGHWAY-RAIL CROSSING REPORTS AND PLANS.

    (a) Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety.--Section 11401 of the 
Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (Public Law 114-94; 49 
U.S.C. 22907 note) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (c); and
            (2) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsections 
        (c) and (d), respectively.
    (b) Reports on Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 201 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended by inserting after section 20166 the 
        following:
``Sec. 20167. Reports on highway-rail grade crossing safety
    ``(a) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date by which 
States are required to submit State highway-rail grade crossing action 
plans under section 11401(b) of the Fixing America's Surface 
Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 22907 note), the Administrator of the 
Federal Railroad Administration, in consultation with the Administrator 
of the Federal Highway Administration, shall submit a report to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 
the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives that summarizes the State highway-rail grade crossing 
action plans, including--
            ``(1) an analysis and evaluation of each State railway-
        highway crossings program under section 130 of title 23, 
        including--
                    ``(A) compliance with section 11401 of the Fixing 
                America's Surface Transportation Act and section 130(g) 
                of title 23; and
                    ``(B) the specific strategies identified by each 
                State to improve safety at highway-rail grade 
                crossings, including crossings with multiple accidents 
                or incidents;
            ``(2) the progress of each State in implementing its State 
        highway-rail grade crossings action plan;
            ``(3) the number of highway-rail grade crossing projects 
        undertaken pursuant to section 130 of title 23, including the 
        distribution of such projects by cost range, road system, 
        nature of treatment, and subsequent accident experience at 
        improved locations;
            ``(4) which States are not in compliance with their 
        schedule of projects under section 130(d) of title 23; and
            ``(5) any recommendations for future implementation of the 
        railway-highway crossings program under section 130 of title 
        23.
    ``(b) Updates.--Not later than 5 years after the submission of the 
report required under subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal 
Railroad Administration, in consultation with the Administrator of the 
Federal Highway Administration, shall--
            ``(1) update the report based on the State annual reports 
        submitted pursuant to section 130(g) of title 23 and any other 
        information obtained by or available to the Administrator of 
        the Federal Railroad Administration; and
            ``(2) submit the updated report to the Committee on 
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Highway-rail grade crossing.--The term `highway-rail 
        grade crossing' means a location within a State, other than a 
        location at which 1 or more railroad tracks cross 1 or more 
        railroad tracks at grade, at which--
                    ``(A) a public highway, road, or street, or a 
                private roadway, including associated sidewalks and 
                pathways, crosses 1 or more railroad tracks, either at 
                grade or grade-separated; or
                    ``(B) a pathway explicitly authorized by a public 
                authority or a railroad carrier that--
                            ``(i) is dedicated for the use of 
                        nonvehicular traffic, including pedestrians, 
                        bicyclists, and others;
                            ``(ii) is not associated with a public 
                        highway, road, or street, or a private roadway; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) crosses 1 or more railroad tracks, 
                        either at grade or grade-separated.
            ``(2) State.--The term `State' means a State of the United 
        States or the District of Columbia.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 201 of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the 
        item relating to section 20166 the following:

``20167. Reports on highway-rail grade crossing safety.''.
    (c) Annual Report.--Section 130(g) of title 23, United States Code, 
is amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Annual Report.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than August 31 of each year, 
        each State shall submit a report to the Administrator of the 
        Federal Highway Administration that describes--
                    ``(A) the progress being made to implement the 
                railway-highway crossings program authorized under this 
                section; and
                    ``(B) the effectiveness of the improvements made as 
                a result of such implementation.
            ``(2) Contents.--Each report submitted pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall contain an assessment of--
                    ``(A) the costs of the various treatments employed 
                by the State to implement the railway-highway crossings 
                program; and
                    ``(B) the effectiveness of such treatments, as 
                measured by the accident experience at the locations 
                that received such treatments.
            ``(3) Coordination.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        Federal Highway Administration's acceptance of each report 
        submitted pursuant to paragraph (1), the Administrator of the 
        Federal Highway Administration shall make such report available 
        to the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration.''.

SEC. 2404. BLOCKED CROSSING PORTAL.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Railroad 
Administration shall establish a 3-year blocked crossing portal, which 
shall include the maintenance of the portal and corresponding database 
to receive, store, and retrieve information regarding blocked highway-
rail grade crossings.
    (b) Blocked Crossing Portal.--The Administrator of the Federal 
Railroad Administration shall establish a blocked crossing portal 
that--
            (1) collects information from the public, including first 
        responders, regarding blocked highway-rail grade crossing 
        events;
            (2) solicits the apparent cause of the blocked crossing and 
        provides examples of common causes of blocked crossings, such 
        as idling trains or instances when lights or gates are 
        activated when no train is present;
            (3) provides each complainant with the contact information 
        for reporting a blocked crossing to the relevant railroad; and
            (4) encourages each complainant to report the blocked 
        crossing to the relevant railroad.
    (c) Complaints.--The blocked crossing portal shall be programmed to 
receive complaints from the general public about blocked highway-rail 
grade crossings. Any complaint reported through the portal shall 
indicate whether the complainant also reported the blocked crossing to 
the relevant railroad.
    (d) Information Received.--In reviewing complaints received 
pursuant to subsection (c), the Federal Railroad Administration shall 
review, to the extent practicable, the information received from the 
complainant to account for duplicative or erroneous reporting.
    (e) Use of Information.--The information received and maintained in 
the blocked crossing portal database shall be used by the Federal 
Railroad Administration--
            (1) to identify frequent and long-duration blocked highway-
        rail grade crossings;
            (2) as a basis for conducting outreach to communities, 
        emergency responders, and railroads;
            (3) to support collaboration in the prevention of incidents 
        at highway-rail grade crossings; and
            (4) to assess the impacts of blocked crossings.
    (f) Sharing Information Received.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Railroad 
        Administration shall implement and make publicly available 
        procedures for sharing any nonaggregated information received 
        through the blocked crossing portal with the public.
            (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
        construed to authorize the Federal Railroad Administration to 
        make publically available sensitive security information.
    (g) Additional Information.--If the information submitted to the 
blocked crossing portal is insufficient to determine the locations and 
potential impacts of blocked highway-rail grade crossings, the Federal 
Railroad Administration may collect, from the general public, State and 
local law enforcement personnel, and others as appropriate, such 
additional information as may be necessary to make such determinations.
    (h) Limitations.--Complaints, data, and other information received 
through the blocked crossing portal may not be used--
            (1) to infer or extrapolate the rate or instances of 
        crossings beyond the data received through the portal; or
            (2) for any regulatory or enforcement purposes except those 
        specifically described in this section.
    (i) Reports.--
            (1) Annual public report.--The Administrator of the Federal 
        Railroad Administration shall publish an annual report on a 
        public website regarding the blocked crossing program, 
        including the underlying causes of blocked crossings, program 
        challenges, and other findings.
            (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal 
        Railroad Administration shall submit a report to the Committee 
        on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives that describes--
                    (A) based on the information received through the 
                blocked crossing portal, frequent and long-duration 
                blocked highway-rail grade crossings, including the 
                locations, dates, durations, and impacts resulting from 
                such occurrences;
                    (B) the Federal Railroad Administration's process 
                for verifying the accuracy of the complaints submitted 
                to the blocked crossing portal, including whether the 
                portal continues to be effective in collecting such 
                information and identifying blocked crossings;
                    (C) the Federal Railroad Administration's use of 
                the data compiled by the blocked crossing portal to 
                assess the underlying cause and overall impacts of 
                blocked crossings;
                    (D) the engagement of the Federal Railroad 
                Administration with affected parties to identify and 
                facilitate solutions to frequent and long-duration 
                blocked highway-rail grade crossings identified by the 
                blocked crossing portal; and
                    (E) whether the blocked crossing portal continues 
                to be an effective method to collect blocked crossing 
                information and what changes could improve its 
                effectiveness.
    (j) Sunset.--This section (other than subsection (k)) shall have no 
force or effect beginning on the date that is 3 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act.
    (k) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to invalidate any authority of the Secretary with respect to blocked 
highway-rail grade crossings. The Secretary may continue to use any 
such authority after the sunset date set forth in subsection (j).

SEC. 2405. DATA ACCESSIBILITY.

    (a) Review.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Chief Information Officer of the Department shall--
            (1) conduct a review of the website of the Office of Safety 
        Analysis of the Federal Railroad Administration; and
            (2) provide recommendations to the Secretary for improving 
        the public's usability and accessibility of the website 
        referred to in paragraph (1).
    (b) Updates.--Not later than 1 year after receiving recommendations 
from the Chief Information Officer pursuant to subsection (a)(2), the 
Secretary, after considering such recommendations, shall update the 
website of the Office of Safety Analysis of the Federal Railroad 
Administration to improve the usability and accessibility of the 
website.

SEC. 2406. EMERGENCY LIGHTING.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking to require that all rail carriers 
providing intercity passenger rail transportation or commuter rail 
passenger transportation (as such terms are defined in section 24102 of 
title 49, United States Code), develop and implement periodic 
inspection plans to ensure that passenger equipment offered for revenue 
service complies with the requirements under part 238 of title 49, Code 
of Federal Regulations, including ensuring that, in the event of a loss 
of power, there is adequate emergency lighting available to allow 
passengers, crew members, and first responders--
            (1) to see and orient themselves;
            (2) to identify obstacles;
            (3) to safely move throughout the rail car; and
            (4) to evacuate safely.

SEC. 2407. COMPREHENSIVE RAIL SAFETY REVIEW OF AMTRAK.

    (a) Comprehensive Safety Assessment.--Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
            (1) conduct a focused review of Amtrak's safety-related 
        processes and procedures, compliance with safety regulations 
        and requirements, and overall safety culture; and
            (2) submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
        and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives that includes the findings and recommendations 
        resulting from such assessment.
    (b) Plan.--
            (1) Initial plan.--Not later than 6 months after the 
        completion of the comprehensive safety assessment under 
        subsection (a)(1), Amtrak shall submit a plan to the Committee 
        on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives for addressing the findings and recommendations 
        raised in the comprehensive safety assessment.
            (2) Annual updates.--Amtrak shall submit annual updates of 
        its progress toward implementing the plan submitted pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) to the committees listed in such paragraph.

SEC. 2408. COMPLETION OF HOURS OF SERVICE AND FATIGUE STUDIES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration 
shall commence the pilot programs required under subparagraphs (A) and 
(B) of section 21109(e)(1) of title 49, United States Code.
    (b) Consultation.--The Federal Railroad Administration shall 
consult with the class or craft of employees impacted by the pilot 
projects, including railroad carriers, and representatives of labor 
organizations representing the impacted employees when designing and 
conducting the pilot programs referred to in subsection (a).
    (c) Report.--If the pilot programs required under section 
21109(e)(1) of title 49, United States Code, have not commenced on the 
date that is 1 year and 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary, not later than 30 days after such date, submit a 
report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives that describes--
            (1) the status of such pilot programs;
            (2) actions that the Federal Railroad Administration has 
        taken to commence the pilot programs, including efforts to 
        recruit participant railroads;
            (3) any challenges impacting the commencement of the pilot 
        programs; and
            (4) any other details associated with the development of 
        the pilot programs that affect progress toward meeting the 
        mandate under such section 21109(e)(1).

SEC. 2409. POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study to determine the annual positive train control system 
operation and maintenance costs for public commuter railroads.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a 
report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives that summarizes the study conducted pursuant 
to subsection (a), including the estimated annual positive train 
control system operation and maintenance costs for public commuter 
railroads.

SEC. 2410. OPERATING CREW MEMBER TRAINING, QUALIFICATION, AND 
              CERTIFICATION.

    (a) Audits.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall initiate audits of the training, 
qualification, and certification programs of locomotive engineers and 
conductors of railroad carriers, subject to the requirements of parts 
240 and 242 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, which audits 
shall--
            (1) be conducted in accordance with subsection (b);
            (2) consider whether such programs are in compliance with 
        such parts 240 and 242;
            (3) assess the type and content of training that such 
        programs provide locomotive engineers and conductors, relevant 
        to their respective roles, including training related to 
        installed technology;
            (4) determine whether such programs provide locomotive 
        engineers and conductors the knowledge, skill, and ability to 
        safely operate a locomotive or train, consistent with such 
        parts 240 and 242;
            (5) determine whether such programs reflect the current 
        operating practices of the railroad carrier;
            (6) assess the current practice by which railroads utilize 
        simulator training, or any other technologies used to train and 
        qualify locomotive engineers and conductors by examining how 
        such technologies are used;
            (7) consider international experience and practice using 
        similar technology, as appropriate, particularly before 
        qualifying locomotive engineers on new or unfamiliar equipment, 
        new train control, diagnostics, or other on-board technology;
            (8) assess the current practice for familiarizing 
        locomotive engineers and conductors with new territory and 
        using recurrency training to expose such personnel to normal 
        and abnormal conditions; and
            (9) ensure that locomotive engineers and conductor training 
        programs are considered separately, as appropriate, based on 
        the unique requirements and regulations.
    (b) Audit Scheduling.--The Secretary shall--
            (1) schedule the audits required under subsection (a) to 
        ensure that--
                    (A) each Class I railroad, including the National 
                Railroad Passenger Corporation and other intercity 
                passenger rail providers, is audited not less 
                frequently than once every 5 years; and
                    (B) a select number, as determined appropriate by 
                the Secretary, of Class II and Class III railroads, 
                along with other railroads providing passenger rail 
                service that are not included in subparagraph (A), are 
                audited annually; and
            (2) conduct the audits described in paragraph (1)(B) in 
        accordance with the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 
        Fairness Act of 1996 (5 U.S.C. 601 note) and appendix C of part 
        209 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (c) Updates to Qualification and Certification Program.--If the 
Secretary, while conducting the audits required under this section, 
identifies a deficiency in a railroad's training, qualification, and 
certification program for locomotive engineers or conductors, the 
railroad shall update the program to eliminate such deficiency.
    (d) Consultation and Cooperation.--
            (1) Consultation.--In conducting any audit required under 
        this section, the Secretary shall consult with the railroad and 
        its employees, including any nonprofit employee labor 
        organization representing the engineers or conductors of the 
        railroad.
            (2) Cooperation.--The railroad and its employees, including 
        any nonprofit employee labor organization representing 
        engineers or conductors of the railroad, shall fully cooperate 
        with any such audit, including by--
                    (A) providing any relevant documents requested; and
                    (B) making available any employees for interview 
                without undue delay or obstruction.
            (3) Failure to cooperate.--If the Secretary determines that 
        a railroad or any of its employees, including any nonprofit 
        employee labor organization representing engineers or 
        conductors of the railroad is not fully cooperating with an 
        audit, the Secretary shall electronically notify the Committee 
        on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (e) Review of Regulations.--The Secretary shall triennially 
determine whether any update to part 240 or 242 of title 49, Code of 
Federal Regulations, is necessary to better prepare locomotive 
engineers and conductors to safely operate trains by evaluating whether 
such regulations establish appropriate Federal standards requiring 
railroads--
            (1) to provide locomotive engineers or conductors the 
        knowledge and skills to safely operate trains under conditions 
        that reflect industry practices;
            (2) to adequately address locomotive engineer or conductor 
        route situational awareness, including ensuring locomotive 
        engineers and conductors to demonstrate knowledge on the 
        physical characteristics of a territory under various 
        conditions and using various resources;
            (3) to provide relevant and adequate hands-on training 
        before a locomotive engineer or conductor is certified;
            (4) to adequately prepare locomotive engineers or 
        conductors to understand relevant locomotive operating 
        characteristics, to include instructions on functions they are 
        required to operate on any installed technology; and
            (5) to address any other safety issue that the Secretary 
        determines to be appropriate for better preparing locomotive 
        engineers or conductors.
    (f) Annual Report.--The Secretary shall publish an annual report on 
the public website of the Federal Railroad Administration that--
            (1) summarizes the findings of the prior year's audits;
            (2) summarizes any updates made pursuant to subsection (c); 
        and
            (3) excludes and confidential business information or 
        sensitive security information.

SEC. 2411. TRANSPARENCY AND SAFETY.

    Section 20103(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(d) Nonemergency Waivers.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation may 
        waive, or suspend the requirement to comply with, any part of a 
        regulation prescribed or an order issued under this chapter if 
        such waiver or suspension is in the public interest and 
        consistent with railroad safety.
            ``(2) Notice required.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) provide timely public notice of any request 
                for a waiver under this subsection or for a suspension 
                under subpart E of part 211 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations, or successor regulations;
                    ``(B) make available the application for such 
                waiver or suspension and any nonconfidential underlying 
                data to interested parties;
                    ``(C) provide the public with notice and a 
                reasonable opportunity to comment on a proposed waiver 
                or suspension under this subsection before making a 
                final decision; and
                    ``(D) publish on a publicly accessible website the 
                reasons for granting each such waiver or suspension.
            ``(3) Information protection.--Nothing in this subsection 
        may be construed to require the release of information 
        protected by law from public disclosure.
            ``(4) Rulemaking.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                first day on which a waiver under this subsection or a 
                suspension under subpart E of part 211 of title 49, 
                Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations, 
                has been in continuous effect for a 6-year period, the 
                Secretary shall complete a review and analysis of such 
                waiver or suspension to determine whether issuing a 
                rule that is consistent with the waiver is--
                            ``(i) in the public interest; and
                            ``(ii) consistent with railroad safety.
                    ``(B) Factors.--In conducting the review and 
                analysis under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                consider--
                            ``(i) the relevant safety record under the 
                        waiver;
                            ``(ii) the likelihood that other entities 
                        would have similar safety outcomes;
                            ``(iii) the materials submitted in the 
                        applications, including any comments regarding 
                        such materials; and
                            ``(iv) related rulemaking activity.
                    ``(C) Notice and comment.--The Secretary shall 
                publish notice of the review and analysis of the waiver 
                in the Federal Register, which shall include a summary 
                of the data collected and all relevant underlying data, 
                which may be included in a regulatory update under 
                subparagraph (D).
                    ``(D) Regulatory update.--The Secretary may 
                initiate a rulemaking to incorporate relevant aspects 
                of a waiver under this subsection or a suspension under 
                subpart E of part 211 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, or successor regulations, into the 
                relevant regulation, to the extent the Secretary 
                considers appropriate.
            ``(5) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may 
        be construed to delay any waiver granted pursuant to this 
        subsection that is in the public interest and consistent with 
        railroad safety.''.

SEC. 2412. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 20108 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(d) Facilities.--The Secretary may erect, alter, and repair 
buildings and make other public improvements to carry out necessary 
railroad research, safety, and training activities at the 
Transportation Technology Center in Pueblo, Colorado.
    ``(e) Offsetting Collections.--The Secretary may collect fees or 
rents from facility users to offset appropriated amounts for the cost 
of providing facilities or research, development, testing, training, or 
other services, including long-term sustainment of the on-site physical 
plant.
    ``(f) Revolving Fund.--Amounts appropriated to carry out subsection 
(d) and all fees and rents collected pursuant to subsection (e) shall 
be credited to a revolving fund and remain available until expended. 
The Secretary may use such fees and rents for operation, maintenance, 
repair, or improvement of the Transportation Technology Center.
    ``(g) Leases and Contracts.--Notwithstanding section 1302 of title 
40, the Secretary may lease to others or enter into contracts for terms 
of up to 20 years, for such consideration and subject to such terms and 
conditions as the Secretary determines to be in the best interests of 
the Government of the United States, for the operation, maintenance, 
repair, and improvement of the Transportation Technology Center.
    ``(h) Property and Casualty Loss Insurance.--The Secretary may 
allow its lessees and contractors to purchase property and casualty 
loss insurance for its assets and activities at the Transportation 
Technology Center to mitigate the lessee's or contractor's risk 
associated with operating a facility.
    ``(i) Energy Projects.--Notwithstanding section 1341 of title 31, 
the Secretary may enter into contracts or agreements, or commit to 
obligations in connection with third-party contracts or agreements, 
including contingent liability for the purchase of electric power in 
connection with such contracts or agreements, for terms not to exceed 
20 years, to enable the use of the land at the Transportation 
Technology Center for projects to produce energy from renewable 
sources.''.

SEC. 2413. RAIL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF EXCELLENCE.

    Section 20108 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
section 2412, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Rail Research and Development Center of Excellence.--
            ``(1) Center of excellence.--The Secretary shall award 
        grants to establish and maintain a center of excellence to 
        advance research and development that improves the safety, 
        efficiency, and reliability of passenger and freight rail 
        transportation.
            ``(2) Eligibility.--An institution of higher education (as 
        defined in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1002)) or a consortium of nonprofit institutions of 
        higher education shall be eligible to receive a grant from the 
        center established pursuant to paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Selection criteria.--In awarding a grant under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) give preference to applicants with strong 
                past performance related to rail research, education, 
                and workforce development activities;
                    ``(B) consider the extent to which the applicant 
                would involve public and private sector passenger and 
                freight railroad operators; and
                    ``(C) consider the regional and national impacts of 
                the applicant's proposal.
            ``(4) Use of funds.--Grant funds awarded pursuant to this 
        subsection shall be used for basic and applied research, 
        evaluation, education, workforce development, and training 
        efforts related to safety, efficiency, reliability, resiliency, 
        and sustainability of urban commuter, intercity high-speed, and 
        freight rail transportation, to include advances in rolling 
        stock, advanced positive train control, human factors, rail 
        infrastructure, shared corridors, grade crossing safety, 
        inspection technology, remote sensing, rail systems 
        maintenance, network resiliency, operational reliability, 
        energy efficiency, and other advanced technologies.
            ``(5) Federal share.--The Federal share of a grant awarded 
        under this subsection shall be 50 percent of the cost of 
        establishing and operating the center of excellence and related 
        research activities carried out by the grant recipient.''.

SEC. 2414. QUARTERLY REPORT ON POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM 
              PERFORMANCE.

    Section 20157 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(m) Reports on Positive Train Control System Performance.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each host railroad subject to this 
        section or subpart I of part 236 of title 49, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, shall electronically submit to the Secretary of 
        Transportation a Report of PTC System Performance on Form FRA F 
        6180.152, which shall be submitted on or before the applicable 
        due date set forth in paragraph (3) and contain the information 
        described in paragraph (2), which shall be separated by the 
        host railroad, each applicable tenant railroad, and each 
        positive train control-governed track segment, consistent with 
        the railroad's positive train control Implementation Plan 
        described in subsection (a)(1).
            ``(2) Required information.--Each report submitted pursuant 
        to paragraph (1) shall include, for the applicable reporting 
        period--
                    ``(A) the number of positive train control system 
                initialization failures, disaggregated by the number of 
                initialization failures for which the source or cause 
                was the onboard subsystem, the wayside subsystem, the 
                communications subsystem, the back office subsystem, or 
                a non-positive train control component;
                    ``(B) the number of positive train control system 
                cut outs, disaggregated by each component listed in 
                subparagraph (A) that was the source or cause of such 
                cut outs;
                    ``(C) the number of positive train control system 
                malfunctions, disaggregated by each component listed in 
                subparagraph (A) that was the source or cause of such 
                malfunctions;
                    ``(D) the number of enforcements by the positive 
                train control system;
                    ``(E) the number of enforcements by the positive 
                train control system in which it is reasonable to 
                assume an accident or incident was prevented;
                    ``(F) the number of scheduled attempts at 
                initialization of the positive train control system;
                    ``(G) the number of train miles governed by the 
                positive train control system; and
                    ``(H) a summary of any actions the host railroad 
                and its tenant railroads are taking to reduce the 
                frequency and rate of initialization failures, cut 
                outs, and malfunctions, such as any actions to correct 
                or eliminate systemic issues and specific problems.
            ``(3) Due dates.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), each host railroad shall 
                electronically submit the report required under 
                paragraph (1) not later than--
                            ``(i) April 30, for the period from January 
                        1 through March 31;
                            ``(ii) July 31, for the period from April 1 
                        through June 30;
                            ``(iii) October 31, for the period from 
                        July 1 through September 30; and
                            ``(iv) January 31, for the period from 
                        October 1 through December 31 of the prior 
                        calendar year.
                    ``(B) Frequency reduction.--Beginning on the date 
                that is 3 years after the date of enactment of the 
                Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021, 
                the Secretary shall reduce the frequency with which 
                host railroads are required to submit the report 
                described in paragraph (1) to not less frequently than 
                twice per year, unless the Secretary--
                            ``(i) determines that quarterly reporting 
                        is in the public interest; and
                            ``(ii) publishes a justification for such 
                        determination in the Federal Register.
            ``(4) Tenant railroads.--Each tenant railroad that operates 
        on a host railroad's positive train control-governed main line 
        and is not currently subject to an exception under section 
        236.1006(b) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, shall 
        submit the information described in paragraph (2) to each 
        applicable host railroad on a continuous basis.
            ``(5) Enforcements.--Any railroad operating a positive 
        train control system classified under Federal Railroad 
        Administration Type Approval number FRA-TA-2010-001 or FRA-TA-
        2013-003 shall begin submitting the metric required under 
        paragraph (2)(D) not later than January 31, 2023.''.

SEC. 2415. SPEED LIMIT ACTION PLANS.

    (a) Codification of, and Amendment to, Section 11406 of the FAST 
Act.--Subchapter II of chapter 201 of subtitle V of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 20168 the following:
``Sec. 20169. Speed limit action plans
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than March 3, 2016, each railroad 
carrier providing intercity rail passenger transportation or commuter 
rail passenger transportation, in consultation with any applicable host 
railroad carrier, shall survey its entire system and identify each main 
track location where there is a reduction of more than 20 miles per 
hour from the approach speed to a curve, bridge, or tunnel and the 
maximum authorized operating speed for passenger trains at that curve, 
bridge, or tunnel.
    ``(b) Action Plans.--Not later than 120 days after the date that 
the survey under subsection (a) is complete, a railroad carrier 
described in subsection (a) shall submit to the Secretary of 
Transportation an action plan that--
            ``(1) identifies each main track location where there is a 
        reduction of more than 20 miles per hour from the approach 
        speed to a curve, bridge, or tunnel and the maximum authorized 
        operating speed for passenger trains at that curve, bridge, or 
        tunnel;
            ``(2) describes appropriate actions to enable warning and 
        enforcement of the maximum authorized speed for passenger 
        trains at each location identified under paragraph (1), 
        including--
                    ``(A) modification to automatic train control 
                systems, if applicable, or other signal systems;
                    ``(B) increased crew size;
                    ``(C) installation of signage alerting train crews 
                of the maximum authorized speed for passenger trains in 
                each location identified under paragraph (1);
                    ``(D) installation of alerters;
                    ``(E) increased crew communication; and
                    ``(F) other practices;
            ``(3) contains milestones and target dates for implementing 
        each appropriate action described under paragraph (2); and
            ``(4) ensures compliance with the maximum authorized speed 
        at each location identified under paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Approval.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which an 
action plan is submitted under subsection (b) or (d)(2), the Secretary 
shall approve, approve with conditions, or disapprove the action plan.
    ``(d) Periodic Reviews and Updates.--Each railroad carrier that 
submits an action plan to the Secretary pursuant to subsection (b) 
shall--
            ``(1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        the Passenger Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021, and 
        annually thereafter, review such plan to ensure the 
        effectiveness of actions taken to enable warning and 
        enforcement of the maximum authorized speed for passenger 
        trains at each location identified pursuant to subsection 
        (b)(1); and
            ``(2) not later than 90 days before implementing any 
        significant operational or territorial operating change, 
        including initiating a new service or route, submit to the 
        Secretary a revised action plan, after consultation with any 
        applicable host railroad, that addresses such operational or 
        territorial operating change.
    ``(e) New Service.--If a railroad carrier providing intercity rail 
passenger transportation or commuter rail passenger transportation did 
not exist on the date of enactment of the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94; 
129 Stat. 1312), such railroad carrier, in consultation with any 
applicable host railroad carrier, shall--
            ``(1) survey its routes pursuant to subsection (a) not 
        later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Passenger 
        Rail Expansion and Rail Safety Act of 2021; and
            ``(2) develop an action plan pursuant to subsection (b) not 
        later than 120 days after the date on which such survey is 
        complete.
    ``(f) Alternative Safety Measures.--The Secretary may exempt from 
the requirements under this section each segment of track for which 
operations are governed by a positive train control system certified 
under section 20157, or any other safety technology or practice that 
would achieve an equivalent or greater level of safety in reducing 
derailment risk.
    ``(g) Prohibition.--No new intercity or commuter rail passenger 
service may begin operation unless the railroad carrier providing such 
service is in compliance with the requirements under this section.
    ``(h) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section may be construed to 
prohibit the Secretary from applying the requirements under this 
section to other segments of track at high risk of overspeed 
derailment.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 201 of subtitle V 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``20169. Speed limit action plans.''.

SEC. 2416. NEW PASSENGER SERVICE PRE-REVENUE SAFETY VALIDATION PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 201 of subtitle V of 
title 49, United States Code, as amended by section 2415, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 20170. Pre-revenue service safety validation plan
    ``(a) Plan Submission.--Any railroad providing new, regularly 
scheduled, intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation, an 
extension of existing service, or a renewal of service that has been 
discontinued for more than 180 days shall develop and submit for review 
a comprehensive pre-revenue service safety validation plan to the 
Secretary of Transportation not later than 60 days before initiating 
such revenue service. Such plan shall include pertinent safety 
milestones and a minimum period of simulated revenue service to ensure 
operational readiness and that all safety sensitive personnel are 
properly trained and qualified.
    ``(b) Compliance.--After submitting a plan pursuant to subsection 
(a), the railroad shall adopt and comply with such plan and may not 
amend the plan without first notifying the Secretary of the proposed 
amendment. Revenue service may not begin until the railroad has 
completed the requirements of its plan, including the minimum simulated 
service period required by the plan.
    ``(c) Rulemaking.--The Secretary shall promulgate regulations to 
carry out this section, including--
            ``(1) requiring that any identified safety deficiencies be 
        addressed and corrected before the initiation of revenue 
        service; and
            ``(2) establishing appropriate deadlines to enable the 
        Secretary to review and approve the pre-revenue service safety 
        validation plan to ensure that service is not unduly 
        delayed.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 201 of title 49, 
United States Code, as amended by section 2415(b), is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``20170. Pre-revenue service safety validation plan.''.

SEC. 2417. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT 
              INVESTIGATIONS.

    Section 20902 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b) by striking ``subpena'' and inserting 
        ``subpoena''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Gathering Information and Technical Expertise.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall create a standard 
        process for investigators to use during accident and incident 
        investigations conducted under this section for determining 
        when it is appropriate and the appropriate method for--
                    ``(A) gathering information about an accident or 
                incident under investigation from railroad carriers, 
                contractors or employees of railroad carriers or 
                representatives of employees of railroad carriers, and 
                others, as determined relevant by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) consulting with railroad carriers, 
                contractors or employees of railroad carriers or 
                representatives of employees of railroad carriers, and 
                others, as determined relevant by the Secretary, for 
                technical expertise on the facts of the accident or 
                incident under investigation.
            ``(2) Confidentiality.--In developing the process required 
        under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall factor in ways to 
        maintain the confidentiality of any entity identified under 
        paragraph (1) if--
                    ``(A) such entity requests confidentiality;
                    ``(B) such entity was not involved in the accident 
                or incident; and
                    ``(C) maintaining such entity's confidentiality 
                does not adversely affect an investigation of the 
                Federal Railroad Administration.
            ``(3) Applicability.--This subsection shall not apply to 
        any investigation carried out by the National Transportation 
        Safety Board.''.

SEC. 2418. CIVIL PENALTY ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY.

    Section 21301(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
    ``(3) The Secretary may find that a person has violated this 
chapter or a regulation prescribed or order, special permit, or 
approval issued under this chapter only after notice and an opportunity 
for a hearing. The Secretary shall impose a penalty under this section 
by giving the person written notice of the amount of the penalty. The 
Secretary may compromise the amount of a civil penalty by settlement 
agreement without issuance of an order. In determining the amount of a 
compromise, the Secretary shall consider--
            ``(A) the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the 
        violation;
            ``(B) with respect to the violator, the degree of 
        culpability, any history of violations, the ability to pay, and 
        any effect on the ability to continue to do business; and
            ``(C) other matters that justice requires.
    ``(4) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in an 
appropriate district court of the United States to collect a civil 
penalty imposed or compromise under this section and any accrued 
interest on the civil penalty. In the civil action, the amount and 
appropriateness of the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.''.

SEC. 2419. ADVANCING SAFETY AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Section 26103 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 26103. Safety regulations and evaluation
    ``The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) promulgate such safety regulations as may be 
        necessary for high-speed rail services; and
            ``(2) before promulgating such regulations, consult with 
        developers of new high-speed rail technologies to develop a 
        method for evaluating safety performance.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 261 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
26103 and inserting the following:

``26103. Safety regulations and evaluation.''.

SEC. 2420. PASSENGER RAIL VEHICLE OCCUPANT PROTECTION SYSTEMS.

    (a) Study.--The Administrator of the Federal Railroad 
Administration shall conduct a study of the potential installation and 
use in new passenger rail rolling stock of passenger rail vehicle 
occupant protection systems that could materially improve passenger 
safety.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall consider minimizing the risk of secondary 
collisions, including estimating the costs and benefits of the new 
requirements, through the use of--
            (1) occupant restraint systems;
            (2) air bags;
            (3) emergency window retention systems; and
            (4) interior designs, including seats, baggage restraints, 
        and table configurations and attachments.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) submit a report summarizing the findings of the study 
        conducted pursuant to subsection (a) to the Committee on 
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (2) publish such report on the website of the Federal 
        Railroad Administration.
    (d) Rulemaking.--Following the completion of the study required 
under subsection (a), and after considering the costs and benefits of 
the proposed protection systems, the Administrator may promulgate a 
rule that establishes standards for the use of occupant protection 
systems in new passenger rail rolling stock.

SEC. 2421. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION SAFETY REPORTING.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter for the following 4 years, the Secretary shall 
update Special Study Block 49 on Form FRA F 6180.54 (Rail Equipment 
Accident/Incident Report) to collect, with respect to trains involved 
in accidents required to be reported to the Federal Railroad 
Administration--
            (1) the number of cars and length of the involved trains; 
        and
            (2) the number of crew members who were aboard a 
        controlling locomotive involved in an accident at the time of 
        such accident.

SEC. 2422. NATIONAL ACADEMIES STUDY ON TRAINS LONGER THAN 7,500 FEET.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary shall seek to enter into an agreement 
with the National Academies to conduct a study on the operation of 
freight trains that are longer than 7,500 feet.
    (b) Elements.--The study conducted pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall--
            (1) examine any potential impacts to safety from the 
        operation of freight trains that are longer than 7,500 feet and 
        the mitigation of any identified risks, including--
                    (A) any potential changes in the risk of loss of 
                communications between the end of train device and the 
                locomotive cab, including communications over differing 
                terrains and conditions;
                    (B) any potential changes in the risk of loss of 
                radio communications between crew members when a crew 
                member alights from the train, including communications 
                over differing terrains and conditions;
                    (C) any potential changes in the risk of 
                derailments, including any risks associated with in-
                train compressive forces and slack action or other 
                safety risks in the operations of such trains in 
                differing terrains and conditions;
                    (D) any potential impacts associated with the 
                deployment of multiple distributed power units in the 
                consists of such trains; and
                    (E) any potential impacts on braking and locomotive 
                performance and track wear and tear;
            (2) evaluate any impacts on scheduling and efficiency of 
        passenger operations and in the shipping of goods by freight as 
        a result of longer trains;
            (3) determine whether additional engineer and conductor 
        training is required for safely operating such trains;
            (4) assess the potential impact on the amount of time and 
        frequency of occurrence highway-rail grade crossings are 
        occupied; and
            (5) identify any potential environmental impacts, including 
        greenhouse gas emissions, that have resulted from the operation 
        of longer trains.
    (c) Comparison.--When evaluating the potential impacts of the 
operation of trains longer than 7,500 feet under subsection (b), the 
impacts of such trains shall be compared to the impacts of trains that 
are shorter than 7,500 feet, after taking into account train frequency.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives 
that contains the results of the study conducted by the National 
Academies under this section.
    (e) Funding.--From the amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2021 
pursuant to the authorization under section 20117(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, the Secretary shall expend not less than $1,000,000 
and not more than $2,000,000 to carry out the study required under this 
section.

SEC. 2423. HIGH-SPEED TRAIN NOISE EMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 17 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 (42 
U.S.C. 4916) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (d) and (e), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) High-Speed Train Noise Emissions.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation, in 
        consultation with the Administrator, may prescribe regulations 
        governing railroad-related noise emission standards for trains 
        operating on the general railroad system of transportation at 
        speeds exceeding 160 miles per hour, including noise related to 
        magnetic levitation systems and other new technologies not 
        traditionally associated with railroads.
            ``(2) Factors in rulemaking.--The regulations prescribed 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) may--
                    ``(A) consider variances in maximum pass-by noise 
                with respect to the speed of the equipment;
                    ``(B) account for current engineering best 
                practices; and
                    ``(C) encourage the use of noise mitigation 
                techniques to the extent reasonable if the benefits 
                exceed the costs.
            ``(3) Conventional-speed trains.--Railroad-related noise 
        regulations prescribed under subsection (a) shall continue to 
        govern noise emissions from the operation of trains, including 
        locomotives and rail cars, when operating at speeds not 
        exceeding 160 miles per hour.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The second sentence of section 17(b) of 
the Noise Control Act of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 4916(b)) is amended by 
striking ``the Safety Appliance Acts, the Interstate Commerce Act, and 
the Department of Transportation Act'' and inserting ``subtitle V of 
title 49, United States Code''.

SEC. 2424. CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS PLANS.

    The Secretary shall amend part 272 of title 49, Code of Federal 
Regulations, to the extent necessary to ensure that--
            (1) the coverage of a critical incident stress plan under 
        section 272.7 of such part includes employees of commuter 
        railroads and intercity passenger railroads (as such terms are 
        defined in section 272.9 of such part), including employees who 
        directly interact with passengers; and
            (2) an assault against an employee requiring medical 
        attention is included in the definition of critical incident 
        under section 272.9 of such part.

                    TITLE III--MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY

SEC. 3001. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Administrative Expenses.--Section 31110 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking subsection (a) and inserting the 
following:
    ``(a) Administrative Expenses.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account) for the Secretary of Transportation to pay administrative 
expenses of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration--
            ``(1) $360,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $367,500,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $382,500,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $390,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (b) Financial Assistance Programs.--Section 31104 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Financial Assistance Programs.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account)--
            ``(1) subject to subsection (c), to carry out the motor 
        carrier safety assistance program under section 31102 (other 
        than the high priority program under subsection (l) of that 
        section)--
                    ``(A) $390,500,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $398,500,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $406,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $414,500,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(E) $422,500,000 for fiscal year 2026;
            ``(2) subject to subsection (c), to carry out the high 
        priority program under section 31102(l) (other than the 
        commercial motor vehicle enforcement training and support grant 
        program under paragraph (5) of that section)--
                    ``(A) $57,600,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $58,800,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $61,200,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(E) $62,400,000 for fiscal year 2026;
            ``(3) to carry out the commercial motor vehicle enforcement 
        training and support grant program under section 31102(l)(5), 
        $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026;
            ``(4) to carry out the commercial motor vehicle operators 
        grant program under section 31103--
                    ``(A) $1,100,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $1,200,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $1,300,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $1,400,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(E) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
            ``(5) subject to subsection (c), to carry out the financial 
        assistance program for commercial driver's license 
        implementation under section 31313--
                    ``(A) $41,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $42,650,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $43,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $44,350,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(E) $45,200,000 for fiscal year 2026.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2)--
                    (A) in the third sentence, by striking ``The 
                Secretary'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(C) In-kind contributions.--The Secretary'';
                    (B) in the second sentence, by striking ``The 
                Secretary'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The Secretary'';
                    (C) in the first sentence--
                            (i) by inserting ``(except subsection 
                        (l)(5) of that section)'' after ``section 
                        31102''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Reimbursement percentage.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by 
                adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Commercial motor vehicle enforcement 
                        training and support grant program.--The 
                        Secretary shall reimburse a recipient, in 
                        accordance with a financial assistance 
                        agreement made under section 31102(l)(5), an 
                        amount that is equal to 100 percent of the 
                        costs incurred by the recipient in a fiscal 
                        year in developing and implementing a training 
                        program under that section.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Partner Training and'';
                    (B) in the first sentence--
                            (i) by striking ``(4)'' and inserting 
                        ``(5)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``partner training and''; 
                        and
                    (C) by striking the second sentence;
            (4) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``for the next 
                fiscal year'' and inserting ``for the next 2 fiscal 
                years'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``for the next 
                fiscal year'' and inserting ``for the next 2 fiscal 
                years'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as 
                paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively; and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) For grants made for carrying out section 31102(l)(5), 
        for the fiscal year in which the Secretary approves the 
        financial assistance agreement and for the next 4 fiscal 
        years.''; and
            (5) in subsection (i)--
                    (A) by striking ``Amounts not expended'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        amounts not expended''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Motor carrier safety assistance program.--Amounts 
        made available for the motor carrier safety assistance program 
        established under section 31102 (other than amounts made 
        available to carry out section 31102(l)) that are not expended 
        by a recipient during the period of availability shall be 
        released back to the Secretary for reallocation under that 
        program.''.
    (c) Enforcement Data Updates.--Section 31102(h)(2)(A) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``2004 and 2005'' and 
inserting ``2014 and 2015''.

SEC. 3002. MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    Section 4144 of the SAFETEA-LU (49 U.S.C. 31100 note; Public Law 
109-59) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1), in the second sentence, by 
        inserting ``, including small business motor carriers'' after 
        ``industry''; and
            (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``September 30, 2013'' 
        and inserting ``September 30, 2025''.

SEC. 3003. COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING.

    Section 31102(l) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (G)(ii), by striking ``and'' at 
                the end;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as 
                subparagraph (J); and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (G) the 
                following:
                    ``(H) support, through the use of funds otherwise 
                available for such purposes--
                            ``(i) the recognition, prevention, and 
                        reporting of human trafficking, including the 
                        trafficking of human beings--
                                    ``(I) in a commercial motor 
                                vehicle; or
                                    ``(II) by any occupant, including 
                                the operator, of a commercial motor 
                                vehicle;
                            ``(ii) the detection of criminal activity 
                        or any other violation of law relating to human 
                        trafficking; and
                            ``(iii) enforcement of laws relating to 
                        human trafficking;
                    ``(I) otherwise support the recognition, 
                prevention, and reporting of human trafficking; and''; 
                and
            (2) in paragraph (3)(D)--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) for the detection of, and 
                        enforcement actions taken as a result of, 
                        criminal activity (including the trafficking of 
                        human beings)--
                                    ``(I) in a commercial motor 
                                vehicle; or
                                    ``(II) by any occupant, including 
                                the operator, of a commercial motor 
                                vehicle; and
                            ``(v) in addition to any funds otherwise 
                        made available for the recognition, prevention, 
                        and reporting of human trafficking, to support 
                        the recognition, prevention, and reporting of 
                        human trafficking.''.

SEC. 3004. IMMOBILIZATION GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 31102(l) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Immobilization grant program.--
                    ``(A) Definition of passenger-carrying commercial 
                motor vehicle.--In this paragraph, the term `passenger-
                carrying commercial motor vehicle' has the meaning 
                given the term `commercial motor vehicle' in section 
                31301.
                    ``(B) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish 
                an immobilization grant program under which the 
                Secretary shall provide to States discretionary grants 
                for the immobilization or impoundment of passenger-
                carrying commercial motor vehicles that--
                            ``(i) are determined to be unsafe; or
                            ``(ii) fail inspection.
                    ``(C) List of criteria for immobilization.--The 
                Secretary, in consultation with State commercial motor 
                vehicle entities, shall develop a list of commercial 
                motor vehicle safety violations and defects that the 
                Secretary determines warrant the immediate 
                immobilization of a passenger-carrying commercial motor 
                vehicle.
                    ``(D) Eligibility.--A State shall be eligible to 
                receive a grant under this paragraph only if the State 
                has the authority to require the immobilization or 
                impoundment of a passenger-carrying commercial motor 
                vehicle--
                            ``(i) with respect to which a motor vehicle 
                        safety violation included in the list developed 
                        under subparagraph (C) is determined to exist; 
                        or
                            ``(ii) that is determined to have a defect 
                        included in that list.
                    ``(E) Use of funds.--A grant provided under this 
                paragraph may be used for--
                            ``(i) the immobilization or impoundment of 
                        passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicles 
                        described in subparagraph (D);
                            ``(ii) safety inspections of those 
                        passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicles; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) any other activity relating to an 
                        activity described in clause (i) or (ii), as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(F) Secretary authorization.--The Secretary may 
                provide to a State amounts for the costs associated 
                with carrying out an immobilization program using funds 
                made available under section 31104(a)(2).''.

SEC. 3005. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE ENFORCEMENT TRAINING AND SUPPORT.

    Section 31102(l) of title 49, United States Code (as amended by 
section 3004), is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``(2) and (3)'' and 
        inserting ``(2) through (5)'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)(E), by striking ``sections 31104(a)(1) 
        and 31104(a)(2)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2)(A) of 
        section 31104(a)''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Commercial motor vehicle enforcement training and 
        support grant program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall administer a 
                commercial motor vehicle enforcement training and 
                support grant program funded under section 
                31104(a)(2)(B), under which the Secretary shall make 
                discretionary grants to eligible entities described in 
                subparagraph (C) for the purposes described in 
                subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Purposes.--The purposes of the grant program 
                under subparagraph (A) are--
                            ``(i) to train non-Federal employees who 
                        conduct commercial motor vehicle enforcement 
                        activities; and
                            ``(ii) to develop related training 
                        materials.
                    ``(C) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible for a 
                discretionary grant under the program described in 
                subparagraph (A) is a nonprofit organization that has--
                            ``(i) expertise in conducting a training 
                        program for non-Federal employees; and
                            ``(ii) the ability to reach and involve in 
                        a training program a target population of 
                        commercial motor vehicle safety enforcement 
                        employees.''.

SEC. 3006. STUDY OF COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE CRASH CAUSATION.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Commercial motor vehicle.--The term ``commercial motor 
        vehicle'' has the meaning given the term in section 31132 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Study.--The term ``study'' means the study carried out 
        under subsection (b).
    (b) Study.--The Secretary shall carry out a comprehensive study--
            (1) to determine the causes of, and contributing factors 
        to, crashes that involve a commercial motor vehicle; and
            (2) to identify data requirements, data collection 
        procedures, reports, and any other measures that can be used to 
        improve the ability of States and the Secretary--
                    (A) to evaluate future crashes involving commercial 
                motor vehicles;
                    (B) to monitor crash trends and identify causes and 
                contributing factors; and
                    (C) to develop effective safety improvement 
                policies and programs.
    (c) Design.--The study shall be designed to yield information that 
can be used to help policy makers, regulators, and law enforcement 
identify activities and other measures that are likely to lead to 
reductions in--
            (1) the frequency of crashes involving a commercial motor 
        vehicle;
            (2) the severity of crashes involving a commercial motor 
        vehicle; and
            (3) fatalities and injuries.
    (d) Consultation.--In designing and carrying out the study, the 
Secretary may consult with individuals or entities with expertise on--
            (1) crash causation and prevention;
            (2) commercial motor vehicles, commercial drivers, and 
        motor carriers, including passenger carriers;
            (3) highways and noncommercial motor vehicles and drivers;
            (4) Federal and State highway and motor carrier safety 
        programs;
            (5) research methods and statistical analysis; and
            (6) other relevant topics, as determined by the Secretary.
    (e) Public Comment.--The Secretary shall make available for public 
comment information about the objectives, methodology, implementation, 
findings, and other aspects of the study.
    (f) Reports.--As soon as practicable after the date on which the 
study is completed, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
describing the results of the study and any legislative recommendations 
to facilitate reductions in the matters described in paragraphs (1) 
through (3) of subsection (c).

SEC. 3007. PROMOTING WOMEN IN THE TRUCKING WORKFORCE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) women make up 47 percent of the workforce of the United 
        States;
            (2) women are significantly underrepresented in the 
        trucking industry, holding only 24 percent of all 
        transportation and warehousing jobs and representing only--
                    (A) 6.6 percent of truck drivers;
                    (B) 12.5 percent of all workers in truck 
                transportation; and
                    (C) 8 percent of freight firm owners;
            (3) given the total number of women truck drivers, women 
        are underrepresented in the truck-driving workforce; and
            (4) women truck drivers have been shown to be 20 percent 
        less likely than male counterparts to be involved in a crash.
    (b) Sense of Congress Regarding Women in Trucking.--It is the sense 
of Congress that the trucking industry should explore every opportunity 
to encourage and support the pursuit and retention of careers in 
trucking by women, including through programs that support recruitment, 
driver training, and mentorship.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 
        Administration.
            (2) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Women of Trucking 
        Advisory Board established under subsection (d)(1).
            (3) Large trucking company.--The term ``large trucking 
        company'' means a motor carrier (as defined in section 13102 of 
        title 49, United States Code) with more than 100 power units.
            (4) Mid-sized trucking company.--The term ``mid-sized 
        trucking company'' means a motor carrier (as defined in section 
        13102 of title 49, United States Code) with not fewer than 11 
        power units and not more than 100 power units.
            (5) Power unit.--The term ``power unit'' means a self-
        propelled vehicle under the jurisdiction of the Federal Motor 
        Carrier Safety Administration.
            (6) Small trucking company.--The term ``small trucking 
        company'' means a motor carrier (as defined in section 13102 of 
        title 49, United States Code) with not fewer than 1 power unit 
        and not more than 10 power units.
    (d) Women of Trucking Advisory Board.--
            (1) Establishment.--To encourage women to enter the field 
        of trucking, the Administrator shall establish and facilitate 
        an advisory board, to be known as the ``Women of Trucking 
        Advisory Board'', to review and report on policies that--
                    (A) provide education, training, mentorship, or 
                outreach to women in the trucking industry; and
                    (B) recruit, retain, or advance women in the 
                trucking industry.
            (2) Membership.--
                    (A) In general.--The Board shall be composed of not 
                fewer than 8 members whose backgrounds, experience, and 
                certifications allow those members to contribute 
                balanced points of view and diverse ideas regarding the 
                matters described in paragraph (3)(B).
                    (B) Appointment.--
                            (i) In general.--Not later than 270 days 
                        after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
                        Administrator shall appoint the members of the 
                        Board, of whom--
                                    (I) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                representative of large trucking 
                                companies;
                                    (II) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                representative of mid-sized trucking 
                                companies;
                                    (III) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                representative of small trucking 
                                companies;
                                    (IV) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                representative of nonprofit 
                                organizations in the trucking industry;
                                    (V) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                representative of trucking business 
                                associations;
                                    (VI) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                representative of independent owner-
                                operators;
                                    (VII) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                woman who is a professional truck 
                                driver; and
                                    (VIII) not fewer than 1 shall be a 
                                representative of an institution of 
                                higher education or trucking trade 
                                school.
                            (ii) Diversity.--A member of the Board 
                        appointed under any of subclauses (I) through 
                        (VIII) of clause (i) may not be appointed under 
                        any other subclause of that clause.
                    (C) Terms.--Each member shall be appointed for the 
                life of the Board.
                    (D) Compensation.--A member of the Board shall 
                serve without compensation.
            (3) Duties.--
                    (A) In general.--The Board shall identify--
                            (i) barriers and industry trends that 
                        directly or indirectly discourage women from 
                        pursuing and retaining careers in trucking, 
                        including--
                                    (I) any particular barriers and 
                                trends that impact women minority 
                                groups;
                                    (II) any particular barriers and 
                                trends that impact women who live in 
                                rural, suburban, or urban areas; and
                                    (III) any safety risks unique to 
                                women in the trucking industry;
                            (ii) ways in which the functions of 
                        trucking companies, nonprofit organizations, 
                        training and education providers, and trucking 
                        associations may be coordinated to facilitate 
                        support for women pursuing careers in trucking;
                            (iii) opportunities to expand existing 
                        opportunities for women in the trucking 
                        industry; and
                            (iv) opportunities to enhance trucking 
                        training, mentorship, education, and 
                        advancement and outreach programs that would 
                        increase the number of women in the trucking 
                        industry.
                    (B) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date 
                of enactment of this Act, the Board shall submit to the 
                Administrator a report containing the findings and 
                recommendations of the Board, including recommendations 
                that companies, associations, institutions, other 
                organizations, or the Administrator may adopt--
                            (i) to address any industry trends 
                        identified under subparagraph (A)(i);
                            (ii) to coordinate the functions of 
                        trucking companies, nonprofit organizations, 
                        and trucking associations in a manner that 
                        facilitates support for women pursuing careers 
                        in trucking;
                            (iii)(I) to take advantage of any 
                        opportunities identified under subparagraph 
                        (A)(iii); and
                            (II) to create new opportunities to expand 
                        existing scholarship opportunities for women in 
                        the trucking industry; and
                            (iv) to enhance trucking training, 
                        mentorship, education, and outreach programs 
                        that are exclusive to women.
            (4) Report to congress.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
                submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives a report describing--
                            (i) the findings and recommendations of the 
                        Board under paragraph (3)(B); and
                            (ii) any actions taken by the Administrator 
                        to adopt the recommendations of the Board (or 
                        an explanation of the reasons for not adopting 
                        the recommendations).
                    (B) Public availability.--The Administrator shall 
                make the report under subparagraph (A) publicly 
                available--
                            (i) on the website of the Federal Motor 
                        Carrier Safety Administration; and
                            (ii) in appropriate offices of the Federal 
                        Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
            (5) Termination.--The Board shall terminate on submission 
        of the report to Congress under paragraph (4).

SEC. 3008. STATE INSPECTION OF PASSENGER-CARRYING COMMERCIAL MOTOR 
              VEHICLES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall solicit additional comment on the 
advance notice of proposed rulemaking entitled ``State Inspection 
Programs for Passenger-Carrier Vehicles'' (81 Fed. Reg. 24769 (April 
27, 2016)).
    (b) Final Rule.--
            (1) In general.--After reviewing all comments received in 
        response to the solicitation under subsection (a), if the 
        Secretary determines that data and information exist to support 
        moving forward with a final rulemaking action, the Secretary 
        shall issue a final rule relating to the advance notice of 
        proposed rulemaking described in that subsection.
            (2) Considerations.--In determining whether to issue a 
        final rule under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider 
        the impact of continuing to allow self-inspection as a means to 
        satisfy periodic inspection requirements on the safety of 
        passenger carrier operations.

SEC. 3009. TRUCK LEASING TASK FORCE.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Labor, shall establish a task force, to be known as the 
``Truck Leasing Task Force'' (referred to in this section as the ``Task 
Force'').
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall select not more than 
        10 individuals to serve as members of the Task Force, including 
        at least 1 representative from each of the following:
                    (A) Labor organizations.
                    (B) Motor carriers that provide lease-purchase 
                agreements to owner-operators.
                    (C) Consumer protection groups.
                    (D) Members of the legal profession who specialize 
                in consumer finance issues, including experience with 
                lease-purchase agreements.
                    (E) Owner-operators in the trucking industry with 
                experience regarding lease-purchase agreements.
                    (F) Businesses that provide or are subject to 
                lease-purchase agreements in the trucking industry.
            (2) Compensation.--A member of the Task Force shall serve 
        without compensation.
    (c) Duties.--The Task Force shall examine, at a minimum--
            (1) common truck leasing arrangements available to 
        commercial motor vehicle drivers, including lease-purchase 
        agreements;
            (2) the terms of the leasing agreements described in 
        paragraph (1);
            (3)(A) the existence of inequitable leasing agreements and 
        terms in the motor carrier industry;
            (B) whether any such inequitable terms and agreements 
        affect the frequency of maintenance performed on vehicles 
        subject to those agreements; and
            (C) whether any such inequitable terms and agreements 
        affect whether a vehicle is kept in a general state of good 
        repair;
            (4) specific agreements available to drayage drivers at 
        ports relating to the Clean Truck Program or any similar 
        program to decrease emissions from port operations;
            (5) the impact of truck leasing agreements on the net 
        compensation of commercial motor vehicle drivers, including 
        port drayage drivers;
            (6) whether truck leasing agreements properly incentivize 
        the safe operation of vehicles, including driver compliance 
        with the hours of service regulations and laws governing speed 
        and safety generally;
            (7) resources to assist commercial motor vehicle drivers in 
        assessing the financial impacts of leasing agreements; and
            (8)(A) the opportunity that equitable leasing agreements 
        provide for drivers to start or expand trucking companies; and
            (B) the history of motor carriers starting from single 
        owner-operators.
    (d) Report.--On completion of the examination under subsection (c), 
the Task Force shall submit to the Secretary, the Secretary of Labor, 
and the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing--
            (1) the findings of the Task Force with respect to the 
        matters described in subsection (c);
            (2) best practices relating to--
                    (A) assisting a commercial motor vehicle driver in 
                assessing the impacts of leasing agreements prior to 
                entering into such an agreement;
                    (B) assisting a commercial motor vehicle driver who 
                has entered into a predatory lease agreement; and
                    (C) preventing coercion and impacts on safety as 
                described in section 31136 of title 49, United States 
                Code; and
            (3) recommendations relating to changes to laws (including 
        regulations), as applicable, at the Federal, State, or local 
        level to promote fair leasing agreements under which a 
        commercial motor vehicle driver, including a short haul driver, 
        who is a party to such an agreement is able to earn a rate 
        commensurate with other commercial motor vehicle drivers 
        performing similar duties.
    (e) Termination.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which 
the report under subsection (d) is submitted, the Task Force shall 
terminate.

SEC. 3010. AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Automatic emergency braking system.--The term 
        ``automatic emergency braking system'' means a system on a 
        commercial motor vehicle that, based on a predefined distance 
        and closing rate with respect to an obstacle in the path of the 
        commercial motor vehicle--
                    (A) alerts the driver of the obstacle; and
                    (B) if necessary to avoid or mitigate a collision 
                with the obstacle, automatically applies the brakes of 
                the commercial motor vehicle.
            (2) Commercial motor vehicle.--The term ``commercial motor 
        vehicle'' has the meaning given the term in section 31101 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
    (b) Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard.--Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
            (1) prescribe a motor vehicle safety standard under section 
        30111 of title 49, United States Code, that requires any 
        commercial motor vehicle subject to section 571.136 of title 
        49, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to Federal Motor 
        Vehicle Safety Standard Number 136) (or a successor regulation) 
        that is manufactured after the effective date of the standard 
        prescribed under this paragraph to be equipped with an 
        automatic emergency braking system; and
            (2) as part of the standard under paragraph (1), establish 
        performance requirements for automatic emergency braking 
        systems.
    (c) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulation.--Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall prescribe 
a regulation under section 31136 of title 49, United States Code, that 
requires that an automatic emergency braking system installed in a 
commercial motor vehicle manufactured after the effective date of the 
standard prescribed under subsection (b)(1) that is in operation on or 
after that date and is subject to section 571.136 of title 49, Code of 
Federal Regulations (relating to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 
Number 136) (or a successor regulation) be used at any time during 
which the commercial motor vehicle is in operation.
    (d) Report on Automatic Emergency Braking in Other Commercial Motor 
Vehicles.--
            (1) Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall complete a study on 
        equipping a variety of commercial motor vehicles not subject to 
        section 571.136 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 
        (relating to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Number 136) 
        (or a successor regulation) as of that date of enactment with 
        automatic emergency braking systems to avoid or mitigate a 
        collision with an obstacle in the path of the commercial motor 
        vehicle, including an assessment of the feasibility, benefits, 
        and costs associated with installing automatic emergency 
        braking systems on a variety of newly manufactured commercial 
        motor vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 
        10,001 pounds.
            (2) Independent research.--If the Secretary enters into a 
        contract with a third party to perform research relating to the 
        study required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure 
        that the third party does not have any financial or contractual 
        ties to, or relationships with--
                    (A) a motor carrier that transports passengers or 
                property for compensation;
                    (B) the motor carrier industry; or
                    (C) an entity producing or supplying automatic 
                emergency braking systems.
            (3) Public comment.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
        on which the study under paragraph (1) is completed, the 
        Secretary shall--
                    (A) issue a notice in the Federal Register 
                containing the findings of the study; and
                    (B) provide an opportunity for public comment.
            (4) Report to congress.--Not later than 90 days after the 
        conclusion of the public comment period under paragraph (3)(B), 
        the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committees on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure and Energy and Commerce of 
        the House of Representatives a report that includes--
                    (A) the results of the study under paragraph (1);
                    (B) a summary of any comments received under 
                paragraph (3)(B); and
                    (C) a determination as to whether the Secretary 
                intends to develop performance requirements for 
                automatic emergency braking systems for applicable 
                commercial motor vehicles, including any analysis that 
                led to that determination.
            (5) Rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years after the date on 
        which the study under paragraph (1) is completed, the Secretary 
        shall--
                    (A) determine whether a motor vehicle safety 
                standard relating to equipping the commercial motor 
                vehicles described in that paragraph with automatic 
                emergency braking systems would meet the requirements 
                and considerations described in subsections (a) and (b) 
                of section 30111 of title 49, United States Code; and
                    (B) if the Secretary determines that a motor 
                vehicle safety standard described in subparagraph (A) 
                would meet the requirements and considerations 
                described in that subparagraph, initiate a rulemaking 
                to prescribe such a motor vehicle safety standard.

SEC. 3011. UNDERRIDE PROTECTION.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Committee.--The term ``Committee'' means the Advisory 
        Committee on Underride Protection established under subsection 
        (d)(1).
            (2) Motor carrier.--The term ``motor carrier'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 13102 of title 49, United 
        States Code.
            (3) Passenger motor vehicle.--The term ``passenger motor 
        vehicle'' has the meaning given the term in section 32101 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (4) Underride crash.--The term ``underride crash'' means a 
        crash in which a trailer or semitrailer intrudes into the 
        passenger compartment of a passenger motor vehicle.
    (b) Rear Underride Guards.--
            (1) Trailers and semitrailers.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                promulgate such regulations as are necessary to revise 
                sections 571.223 and 571.224 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (relating to Federal Motor Vehicle 
                Safety Standard Numbers 223 and 224, respectively), to 
                require trailers and semitrailers manufactured after 
                the date on which those regulations are promulgated to 
                be equipped with rear impact guards that are designed 
                to prevent passenger compartment intrusion from a 
                trailer or semitrailer when a passenger motor vehicle 
                traveling at 35 miles per hour makes--
                            (i) an impact in which the passenger motor 
                        vehicle impacts the center of the rear of the 
                        trailer or semitrailer;
                            (ii) an impact in which 50 percent of the 
                        width of the passenger motor vehicle overlaps 
                        the rear of the trailer or semitrailer; and
                            (iii) an impact in which 30 percent of the 
                        width of the passenger motor vehicle overlaps 
                        the rear of the trailer or semitrailer, if the 
                        Secretary determines that a revision of 
                        sections 571.223 and 571.224 of title 49, Code 
                        of Federal Regulations (relating to Federal 
                        Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Numbers 223 and 
                        224, respectively) to address such an impact 
                        would meet the requirements and considerations 
                        described in subsections (a) and (b) of section 
                        30111 of title 49, United States Code.
                    (B) Effective date.--The regulations promulgated 
                under subparagraph (A) shall require full compliance 
                with each Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard revised 
                pursuant to those regulations not later than 2 years 
                after the date on which those regulations are 
                promulgated.
            (2) Additional research.--The Secretary shall conduct 
        additional research on the design and development of rear 
        impact guards that can--
                    (A) prevent underride crashes in cases in which the 
                passenger motor vehicle is traveling at speeds of up to 
                65 miles per hour; and
                    (B) protect passengers in passenger motor vehicles 
                against severe injury in crashes in which the passenger 
                motor vehicle is traveling at speeds of up to 65 miles 
                per hour.
            (3) Review of standards.--Not later than 5 years after the 
        date on which the regulations under paragraph (1)(A) are 
        promulgated, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) review the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety 
                Standards revised pursuant to those regulations and any 
                other requirements of those regulations relating to 
                rear underride guards on trailers or semitrailers to 
                evaluate the need for changes in response to 
                advancements in technology; and
                    (B) update those Federal Motor Vehicle Safety 
                Standards and those regulations accordingly.
            (4) Inspections.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                promulgate such regulations as are necessary to revise 
                the regulations relating to minimum periodic inspection 
                standards under appendix G to subchapter B of chapter 
                III of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and the 
                regulations relating to driver vehicle inspection 
                reports under section 396.11 of that title to include 
                requirements relating to rear impact guards and rear 
                end protection that are consistent with the 
                requirements described in section 393.86 of that title.
                    (B) Considerations.--In revising the regulations 
                described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                consider it to be a defect or a deficiency if a rear 
                impact guard is missing an, or has a corroded or 
                compromised, element that affects the structural 
                integrity and protective feature of the rear impact 
                guard.
    (c) Side Underride Guards.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) complete additional research on side underride 
                guards to better understand the overall effectiveness 
                of side underride guards;
                    (B) assess the feasibility, benefits, and costs of, 
                and any impacts on intermodal equipment, freight 
                mobility (including port operations), and freight 
                capacity associated with, installing side underride 
                guards on newly manufactured trailers and semitrailers 
                with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or 
                more;
                    (C) consider the unique structural and operational 
                aspects of--
                            (i) intermodal chassis (as defined in 
                        section 340.2 of title 46, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations; and
                            (ii) pole trailers (as defined in section 
                        390.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; 
                        and
                    (D) if warranted, develop performance standards for 
                side underride guards.
            (2) Independent research.--If the Secretary enters into a 
        contract with a third party to perform the research required 
        under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall ensure that the 
        third party does not have any financial or contractual ties to, 
        or relationships with--
                    (A) a motor carrier that transports passengers or 
                property for compensation;
                    (B) the motor carrier industry; or
                    (C) an entity producing or supplying underride 
                guards.
            (3) Publication of assessment.--Not later than 90 days 
        after completion of the assessment required under paragraph 
        (1)(B), the Secretary shall--
                    (A) issue a notice in the Federal Register 
                containing the findings of the assessment; and
                    (B) provide an opportunity for public comment.
            (4) Report to congress.--Not later than 90 days after the 
        conclusion of the public comment period under paragraph (3)(B), 
        the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a report that includes--
                    (A) the results of the assessment under paragraph 
                (1)(B);
                    (B) a summary of any comments received by the 
                Secretary under paragraph (3)(B); and
                    (C) a determination as to whether the Secretary 
                intends to develop performance requirements for side 
                underride guards, including any analysis that led to 
                that determination.
    (d) Advisory Committee on Underride Protection.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an 
        Advisory Committee on Underride Protection to provide advice 
        and recommendations to the Secretary on safety regulations to 
        reduce underride crashes and fatalities relating to underride 
        crashes.
            (2) Membership.--
                    (A) In general.--The Committee shall be composed of 
                not more than 20 members, appointed by the Secretary, 
                who--
                            (i) are not employees of the Department; 
                        and
                            (ii) are qualified to serve on the 
                        Committee because of their expertise, training, 
                        or experience.
                    (B) Representation.--The Committee shall include 2 
                representatives of each of the following:
                            (i) Truck and trailer manufacturers.
                            (ii) Motor carriers, including independent 
                        owner-operators.
                            (iii) Law enforcement.
                            (iv) Motor vehicle engineers.
                            (v) Motor vehicle crash investigators.
                            (vi) Truck safety organizations.
                            (vii) The insurance industry.
                            (viii) Emergency medical service providers.
                            (ix) Families of underride crash victims.
                            (x) Labor organizations.
            (3) Compensation.--Members of the Committee shall serve 
        without compensation.
            (4) Meetings.--The Committee shall meet not less frequently 
        than annually.
            (5) Support.--On request of the Committee, the Secretary 
        shall provide information, administrative services, and 
        supplies necessary for the Committee to carry out the duties of 
        the Committee.
            (6) Report.--The Committee shall submit to the Committee on 
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a biennial report that--
                    (A) describes the advice and recommendations made 
                to the Secretary; and
                    (B) includes an assessment of progress made by the 
                Secretary in advancing safety regulations relating to 
                underride crashes.
    (e) Data Collection.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall implement the 
recommendations described in the report of the Government 
Accountability Office entitled ``Truck Underride Guards: Improved Data 
Collection, Inspections, and Research Needed'', published on March 14, 
2019, and numbered GAO-19-264.

SEC. 3012. PROVIDERS OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES.

    Section 13506(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) transportation by a motor vehicle designed or used to 
        transport not fewer than 9, and not more than 15, passengers 
        (including the driver), whether operated alone or with a 
        trailer attached for the transport of recreational equipment, 
        if--
                    ``(A) the motor vehicle is operated by a person 
                that provides recreational activities;
                    ``(B) the transportation is provided within a 150 
                air-mile radius of the location at which passengers 
                initially boarded the motor vehicle at the outset of 
                the trip; and
                    ``(C) in the case of a motor vehicle transporting 
                passengers over a route between a place in a State and 
                a place in another State, the person operating the 
                motor vehicle is lawfully providing transportation of 
                passengers over the entire route in accordance with 
                applicable State law.''.

SEC. 3013. AMENDMENTS TO REGULATIONS RELATING TO TRANSPORTATION OF 
              HOUSEHOLD GOODS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the 
        Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
            (2) Covered carrier.--The term ``covered carrier'' means a 
        motor carrier that is--
                    (A) engaged in the interstate transportation of 
                household goods; and
                    (B) subject to the requirements of part 375 of 
                title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
                the effective date of any amendments made pursuant to 
                the notice of proposed rulemaking issued under 
                subsection (b)).
    (b) Amendments to Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a notice of 
proposed rulemaking to amend, as the Secretary determines to be 
appropriate, regulations relating to the interstate transportation of 
household goods.
    (c) Considerations.--In issuing the notice of proposed rulemaking 
under subsection (b), the Secretary shall consider amending the 
following provisions of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, in 
accordance with the following recommendations:
            (1) Section 375.207(b) to require each covered carrier to 
        include on the website of the covered carrier a link--
                    (A) to the publication of the Administration 
                entitled ``Ready to Move--Tips for a Successful 
                Interstate Move'' and numbered ESA-03-005 on the 
                website of the Administration; or
                    (B) to a copy of the publication referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) on the website of the covered carrier.
            (2) Subsections (a) and (b)(1) of section 375.213 to 
        require each covered carrier to provide to each individual 
        shipper, together with any written estimate provided to the 
        shipper, a copy of the publication described in appendix A of 
        part 375 of that title, entitled ``Your Rights and 
        Responsibilities When You Move'' and numbered ESA-03-006 (or a 
        successor publication), in the form of a written copy or a 
        hyperlink on the website of the covered carrier to the location 
        on the website of the Administration containing that 
        publication.
            (3) Section 375.213 to repeal subsection (e) of that 
        section.
            (4) Section 375.401(a) to require each covered carrier--
                    (A) to conduct a visual survey of the household 
                goods to be transported by the covered carrier--
                            (i) in person; or
                            (ii) virtually, using--
                                    (I) a remote camera; or
                                    (II) another appropriate 
                                technology;
                    (B) to offer a visual survey described in 
                subparagraph (A) for all household goods shipments, 
                regardless of the distance between--
                            (i) the location of the household goods; 
                        and
                            (ii) the location of the agent of the 
                        covered carrier preparing the estimate; and
                    (C) to provide to each shipper a copy of the 
                publication of the Administration entitled ``Ready to 
                Move--Tips for a Successful Interstate Move'' and 
                numbered ESA-03-005 on receipt from the shipper of a 
                request to schedule, or a waiver of, a visual survey 
                offered under subparagraph (B).
            (5) Sections 375.401(b)(1), 375.403(a)(6)(ii), and 
        375.405(b)(7)(ii), and subpart D of appendix A of part 375, to 
        require that, in any case in which a shipper tenders any 
        additional item or requests any additional service prior to 
        loading a shipment, the affected covered carrier shall--
                    (A) prepare a new estimate; and
                    (B) maintain a record of the date, time, and manner 
                in which the new estimate was accepted by the shipper.
            (6) Section 375.501(a), to establish that a covered carrier 
        is not required to provide to a shipper an order for service if 
        the covered carrier elects to provide the information described 
        in paragraphs (1) through (15) of that section in a bill of 
        lading that is presented to the shipper before the covered 
        carrier receives the shipment.
            (7) Subpart H of part 375, to replace the replace the terms 
        ``freight bill'' and ``expense bill'' with the term 
        ``invoice''.

SEC. 3014. IMPROVING FEDERAL-STATE MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ENFORCEMENT 
              COORDINATION.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered state.--The term ``covered State'' means a 
        State that receives Federal funds under the motor carrier 
        safety assistance program established under section 31102 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Imminent hazard.--The term ``imminent hazard'' has the 
        same meaning as in section 521 of title 49, United States Code.
    (b) Review and Enforcement of State Out-of-Service Orders.--As soon 
as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall publish in the Federal Register a process under which the 
Secretary shall review each out-of-service order issued by a covered 
State in accordance with section 31144(d) of title 49, United States 
Code, by not later than 30 days after the date on which the out-of-
service order is submitted to the Secretary by the covered State.
    (c) Review and Enforcement of State Imminent Hazard 
Determinations.--
            (1) In general.--As soon as practicable after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish in the 
        Federal Register a process under which the Secretary shall 
        review imminent hazard determinations made by covered States.
            (2) Enforcement.--On reviewing an imminent hazard 
        determination under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall pursue 
        enforcement under section 521 of title 49, United States Code, 
        as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

SEC. 3015. LIMOUSINE RESEARCH.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Limousine.--The term ``limousine'' means a motor 
        vehicle--
                    (A) that has a seating capacity of 9 or more 
                persons (including the driver);
                    (B) with a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 
                10,000 pounds but not greater than 26,000 pounds; and
                    (C) that the Secretary has determined by regulation 
                has physical characteristics resembling--
                            (i) a passenger car;
                            (ii) a multipurpose passenger vehicle; or
                            (iii) a truck with a gross vehicle weight 
                        rating of 10,000 pounds or less.
            (2) Limousine operator.--The term ``limousine operator'' 
        means a person who owns or leases, and uses, a limousine to 
        transport passengers for compensation.
            (3) Motor vehicle safety standard.--The term ``motor 
        vehicle safety standard'' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 30102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
            (4) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 30102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
    (b) Crashworthiness.--
            (1) Research.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall complete research 
        into the development of motor vehicle safety standards for side 
        impact protection, roof crush resistance, and air bag systems 
        for the protection of occupants in limousines with alternative 
        seating positions, including perimeter seating arrangements.
            (2) Rulemaking or report.--
                    (A) Crashworthiness standards.--
                            (i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        not later than 2 years after the date on which 
                        the research under paragraph (1) is completed, 
                        the Secretary shall prescribe, for the 
                        protection of occupants in limousines with 
                        alternative seating positions, a final motor 
                        vehicle safety standard for each of the 
                        following:
                                    (I) Side impact protection.
                                    (II) Roof crush resistance.
                                    (III) Air bag systems.
                            (ii) Requirements and considerations.--The 
                        Secretary may only prescribe a motor vehicle 
                        safety standard described in clause (i) if the 
                        Secretary determines that the standard meets 
                        the requirements and considerations described 
                        in subsections (a) and (b) of section 30111 of 
                        title 49, United States Code.
                    (B) Report.--If the Secretary determines that a 
                motor vehicle safety standard described in subparagraph 
                (A)(i) would not meet the requirements and 
                considerations described in subsections (a) and (b) of 
                section 30111 of title 49, United States Code, the 
                Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register and 
                submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a 
                report describing the reasons for not prescribing the 
                standard.
    (c) Evacuation.--
            (1) Research.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall complete research 
        into safety features and standards that aid evacuation in the 
        event that an exit in the passenger compartment of a limousine 
        is blocked.
            (2) Rulemaking or report.--
                    (A) Limousine evacuation.--
                            (i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        not later than 2 years after the date on which 
                        the research under paragraph (1) is completed, 
                        the Secretary shall prescribe a final motor 
                        vehicle safety standard based on the results of 
                        that research.
                            (ii) Requirements and considerations.--The 
                        Secretary may only prescribe a motor vehicle 
                        safety standard described in clause (i) if the 
                        Secretary determines that the standard meets 
                        the requirements and considerations described 
                        in subsections (a) and (b) of section 30111 of 
                        title 49, United States Code.
                    (B) Report.--If the Secretary determines that a 
                standard described in subparagraph (A)(i) would not 
                meet the requirements and considerations described in 
                subsections (a) and (b) of section 30111 of title 49, 
                United States Code, the Secretary shall publish in the 
                Federal Register and submit to the Committee on 
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 
                the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
                Representatives a report describing the reasons for not 
                prescribing the standard.
    (d) Limousine Inspection Disclosure.--
            (1) In general.--A limousine operator may not introduce a 
        limousine into interstate commerce unless the limousine 
        operator has prominently disclosed in a clear and conspicuous 
        notice, including on the website of the operator if the 
        operator has a website, the following:
                    (A) The date of the most recent inspection of the 
                limousine required under State or Federal law, if 
                applicable.
                    (B) The results of the inspection, if applicable.
                    (C) Any corrective action taken by the limousine 
                operator to ensure the limousine passed inspection, if 
                applicable.
            (2) Federal trade commission enforcement.--
                    (A) In general.--The Federal Trade Commission shall 
                enforce this subsection in the same manner, by the same 
                means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and 
                duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of 
                the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) 
                were incorporated into and made a part of this 
                subsection.
                    (B) Treatment.--Any person who violates this 
                subsection shall be subject to the penalties and 
                entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in 
                the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et 
                seq.).
            (3) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection limits 
        the authority of the Federal Trade Commission under any other 
        provision of law.
            (4) Effective date.--This subsection shall take effect on 
        the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
        Act.

SEC. 3016. NATIONAL CONSUMER COMPLAINT DATABASE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives a report on the National Consumer 
Complaint Database of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
    (b) Contents.--The report under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a review of the process and effectiveness of efforts to 
        review and follow-up on complaints submitted to the National 
        Consumer Complaint Database;
            (2) an identification of the top 5 complaint categories;
            (3) an identification of--
                    (A) the process that the Federal Motor Carrier 
                Safety Administration uses to determine which entities 
                to take enforcement actions against; and
                    (B) the top categories of enforcement actions taken 
                by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration;
            (4) a review of the use of the National Consumer Complaint 
        Database website over the 5-year period ending on December 31, 
        2020, including information obtained by conducting interviews 
        with drivers, customers of movers of household goods, brokers, 
        motor carriers, including small business motor carriers, and 
        other users of the website to determine the usability of the 
        website;
            (5) a review of efforts taken by the Federal Motor Carrier 
        Safety Administration to raise awareness of the National 
        Consumer Complaint Database; and
            (6) recommendations, as appropriate, including with respect 
        to methods--
                    (A) for improving the usability of the National 
                Consumer Complaint Database website;
                    (B) for improving the review of complaints;
                    (C) for using data collected through the National 
                Consumer Complaint Database to identify bad actors;
                    (D) to improve confidence and transparency in the 
                complaint process; and
                    (E) for improving stakeholder awareness of and 
                participation in the National Consumer Complaint 
                Database and the complaint system, including improved 
                communication about the purpose of the National 
                Consumer Complaint Database.

SEC. 3017. ELECTRONIC LOGGING DEVICE OVERSIGHT.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report detailing the 
processes--
            (1) used by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 
        Administration--
                    (A) to review electronic logging device logs; and
                    (B) to protect proprietary information and 
                personally identifiable information obtained from 
                electronic logging device logs; and
            (2) through which an operator may challenge or appeal a 
        violation notice issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety 
        Administration relating to an electronic logging device.

               TITLE IV--HIGHWAY AND MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY

                   Subtitle A--Highway Traffic Safety

SEC. 4101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The following amounts are authorized to be 
appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account):
            (1) Highway safety programs.--To carry out section 402 of 
        title 23, United States Code--
                    (A) $363,400,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (B) $370,900,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (C) $378,400,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    (D) $385,900,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    (E) $393,400,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            (2) Highway safety research and development.--To carry out 
        section 403 of title 23, United States Code--
                    (A) $186,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (B) $190,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (C) $194,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    (D) $198,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    (E) $202,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            (3) High-visibility enforcement program.--To carry out 
        section 404 of title 23, United States Code--
                    (A) $36,400,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (B) $38,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (C) $40,300,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    (D) $42,300,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    (E) $44,300,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            (4) National priority safety programs.--To carry out 
        section 405 of title 23, United States Code--
                    (A) $336,500,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (B) $346,500,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (C) $353,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    (D) $360,500,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    (E) $367,500,000 for fiscal year 2026.
            (5) Administrative expenses.--For administrative and 
        related operating expenses of the National Highway Traffic 
        Safety Administration in carrying out chapter 4 of title 23, 
        United States Code, and this title--
                    (A) $38,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (B) $39,520,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (C) $41,100,800 for fiscal year 2024;
                    (D) $42,744,832 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    (E) $44,454,625 for fiscal year 2026.
            (6) National driver register.--For the National Highway 
        Traffic Safety Administration to carry out chapter 303 of title 
        49, United States Code--
                    (A) $6,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (B) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (C) $7,200,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    (D) $7,400,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    (E) $7,600,000 for fiscal year 2026.
    (b) Prohibition on Other Uses.--Except as otherwise provided in 
chapter 4 of title 23, and chapter 303 of title 49, United States Code, 
the amounts made available under subsection (a) or any other provision 
of law from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account) for a program under those chapters--
            (1) shall only be used to carry out that program; and
            (2) may not be used by a State or local government for 
        construction purposes.
    (c) Applicability of Title 23.--Except as otherwise provided in 
chapter 4 of title 23, and chapter 303 of title 49, United States Code, 
the amounts made available under subsection (a) for fiscal years 2022 
through 2026 shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if 
those funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States 
Code.
    (d) Highway Safety General Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 4 of title 23, United States Code, 
        is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating sections 409 and 412 as 
                sections 407 and 408, respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after section 405 the following:
``Sec. 406. General requirements for Federal assistance
    ``(a) Definition of Funded Project.--In this section, the term 
`funded project' means a project funded, in whole or in part, by a 
grant provided under this chapter.
    ``(b) Regulatory Authority.--Each funded project shall be carried 
out in accordance with applicable regulations promulgated by the 
Secretary.
    ``(c) State Matching Requirements.--If a grant provided under this 
chapter requires any State to share in the cost of a funded project, 
the aggregate of the expenditures made by the State (including any 
political subdivision of the State) for highway safety activities 
during a fiscal year, exclusive of Federal funds, for carrying out the 
funded project (other than expenditures for planning or administration) 
shall be credited toward the non-Federal share of the cost of any other 
funded project (other than planning and administration) during that 
fiscal year, regardless of whether those expenditures were made in 
connection with the project.
    ``(d) Grant Application and Deadline.--
            ``(1) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
        under this chapter, a State shall submit to the Secretary an 
        application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
        information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(2) Deadline.--The Secretary shall establish a single 
        deadline for the submission of applications under paragraph (1) 
        to enable the provision of grants under this chapter early in 
        the first fiscal year beginning after the date of submission.
    ``(e) Distribution of Funds to States.--Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of any appropriations Act making funds 
available to carry out this chapter, the Secretary shall distribute to 
each State the portion of those funds to which the State is entitled 
for the applicable fiscal year.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 4 of 
        title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking the items 
        relating to sections 406 through 412 and inserting the 
        following:

``406. General requirements for Federal assistance.
``407. Discovery and admission as evidence of certain reports and 
                            surveys.
``408. Agency accountability.''.

SEC. 4102. HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Section 402 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``accidents'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``crashes'';
            (2) by striking ``accident'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``crash'';
            (3) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``shall have'' 
                and all that follows through the period at the end and 
                inserting the following: ``shall have in effect a 
                highway safety program that--
                            ``(i) is designed to reduce--
                                    ``(I) traffic crashes; and
                                    ``(II) deaths, injuries, and 
                                property damage resulting from those 
                                crashes;
                            ``(ii) includes--
                                    ``(I) an approved, current, 
                                triennial highway safety plan in 
                                accordance with subsection (k); and
                                    ``(II) an approved grant 
                                application under subsection (l) for 
                                the fiscal year;
                            ``(iii) demonstrates compliance with the 
                        applicable administrative requirements of 
                        subsection (b)(1); and
                            ``(iv) is approved by the Secretary.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``occupant 
                        protection devices (including the use of safety 
                        belts and child restraint systems)'' and 
                        inserting ``safety belts'';
                            (ii) in clause (vii), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) by redesignating clauses (iii) 
                        through (viii) as clauses (iv) through (ix), 
                        respectively;
                            (iv) by inserting after clause (ii) the 
                        following:
                            ``(iii) to encourage more widespread and 
                        proper use of child restraints, with an 
                        emphasis on underserved populations;''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(x) to reduce crashes caused by driver 
                        misuse or misunderstanding of new vehicle 
                        technology;
                            ``(xi) to increase vehicle recall 
                        awareness;
                            ``(xii) to provide to the public 
                        information relating to the risks of child 
                        heatstroke death when left unattended in a 
                        motor vehicle after the motor is deactivated by 
                        the operator;
                            ``(xiii) to reduce injuries and deaths 
                        resulting from the failure by drivers of motor 
                        vehicles to move to another traffic lane or 
                        reduce the speed of the vehicle when law 
                        enforcement, fire service, emergency medical 
                        services, or other emergency or first responder 
                        vehicles are stopped or parked on or next to a 
                        roadway with emergency lights activated; and
                            ``(xiv) to prevent crashes, injuries, and 
                        deaths caused by unsecured vehicle loads;''; 
                        and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Additional considerations.--A State that has 
        legalized medicinal or recreational marijuana shall take into 
        consideration implementing programs in addition to the programs 
        described in paragraph (2)(A)--
                    ``(A) to educate drivers regarding the risks 
                associated with marijuana-impaired driving; and
                    ``(B) to reduce injuries and deaths resulting from 
                individuals driving motor vehicles while impaired by 
                marijuana.'';
            (4) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``may'' and inserting ``shall'';
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) provide for a comprehensive, data-driven 
                traffic safety program that results from meaningful 
                public participation and engagement from affected 
                communities, particularly those most significantly 
                impacted by traffic crashes resulting in injuries and 
                fatalities;'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``authorized 
                in accordance with subparagraph (B)'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``with 
                disabilities, including those in wheelchairs'' and 
                inserting ``, including those with disabilities and 
                those in wheelchairs'';
                    (E) by striking subparagraph (E) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(E) as part of a comprehensive program, support--
                            ``(i) data-driven traffic safety 
                        enforcement programs that foster effective 
                        community collaboration to increase public 
                        safety; and
                            ``(ii) data collection and analysis to 
                        ensure transparency, identify disparities in 
                        traffic enforcement, and inform traffic 
                        enforcement policies, procedures, and 
                        activities; and''; and
                    (F) in subparagraph (F)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``national 
                        law enforcement mobilizations and high-
                        visibility'' and inserting ``national, high-
                        visibility'';
                            (ii) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' 
                        after the semicolon at the end;
                            (iii) in clause (v), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vi) unless the State highway safety 
                        program is developed by American Samoa, Guam, 
                        the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
                        Islands, or the United States Virgin Islands, 
                        participation in the Fatality Analysis 
                        Reporting System.'';
            (5) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking the paragraph designation 
                        and heading and all that follows through 
                        ``Funds authorized'' and inserting the 
                        following:
            ``(1) Use for state activities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The funds authorized''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Neighboring states.--A State, acting in 
                cooperation with any neighboring State, may use funds 
                provided under this section for a highway safety 
                program that may confer a benefit on the neighboring 
                State.'';
                    (B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(2) Apportionment to states.--
                    ``(A) Definition of public road.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `public road' means any road that 
                is--
                            ``(i) subject to the jurisdiction of, and 
                        maintained by, a public authority; and
                            ``(ii) held open to public travel.
                    ``(B) Apportionment.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except for the amounts 
                        identified in section 403(f) and the amounts 
                        subject to subparagraph (C), of the funds made 
                        available under this section--
                                    ``(I) 75 percent shall be 
                                apportioned to each State based on the 
                                ratio that, as determined by the most 
                                recent decennial census--
                                            ``(aa) the population of 
                                        the State; bears to
                                            ``(bb) the total population 
                                        of all States; and
                                    ``(II) 25 percent shall be 
                                apportioned to each State based on the 
                                ratio that, subject to clause (ii)--
                                            ``(aa) the public road 
                                        mileage in each State; bears to
                                            ``(bb) the total public 
                                        road mileage in all States.
                            ``(ii) Calculation.--For purposes of clause 
                        (i)(II), public road mileage shall be--
                                    ``(I) determined as of the end of 
                                the calendar year preceding the year 
                                during which the funds are apportioned;
                                    ``(II) certified by the Governor of 
                                the State; and
                                    ``(III) subject to approval by the 
                                Secretary.
                    ``(C) Minimum apportionments.--The annual 
                apportionment under this section to--
                            ``(i) each State shall be not less than \3/
                        4\ of 1 percent of the total apportionment;
                            ``(ii) the Secretary of the Interior shall 
                        be not less than 2 percent of the total 
                        apportionment; and
                            ``(iii) the United States Virgin Islands, 
                        Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of 
                        the Northern Mariana Islands shall be not less 
                        than \1/4\ of 1 percent of the total 
                        apportionment.
                    ``(D) Penalty.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The funds apportioned 
                        under this section to a State that does not 
                        have approved or in effect a highway safety 
                        program described in subsection (a)(1) shall be 
                        reduced by an amount equal to not less than 20 
                        percent of the amount that would otherwise be 
                        apportioned to the State under this section, 
                        until the date on which the Secretary, as 
                        applicable--
                                    ``(I) approves such a highway 
                                safety program; or
                                    ``(II) determines that the State is 
                                implementing such a program.
                            ``(ii) Factor for consideration.--In 
                        determining the amount of the reduction in 
                        funds apportioned to a State under this 
                        subparagraph, the Secretary shall take into 
                        consideration the gravity of the failure by the 
                        State to secure approval, or to implement, a 
                        highway safety program described in subsection 
                        (a)(1).
                    ``(E) Limitations.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A highway safety program 
                        approved by the Secretary shall not include any 
                        requirement that a State shall implement such a 
                        program by adopting or enforcing any law, rule, 
                        or regulation based on a guideline promulgated 
                        by the Secretary under this section requiring 
                        any motorcycle operator aged 18 years or older, 
                        or a motorcycle passenger aged 18 years or 
                        older, to wear a safety helmet when operating 
                        or riding a motorcycle on the streets and 
                        highways of that State.
                            ``(ii) Effect of guidelines.--Nothing in 
                        this section requires a State highway safety 
                        program to require compliance with every 
                        uniform guideline, or with every element of 
                        every uniform guideline, in every State.
            ``(3) Reapportionment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall promptly 
                apportion to a State any funds withheld from the State 
                under paragraph (2)(D) if the Secretary makes an 
                approval or determination, as applicable, described in 
                that paragraph by not later than July 31 of the fiscal 
                year for which the funds were withheld.
                    ``(B) Continuing state failure.--If the Secretary 
                determines that a State fails to correct a failure to 
                have approved or in effect a highway safety program 
                described in subsection (a)(1) by the date described in 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall reapportion the 
                funds withheld from that State under paragraph (2)(D) 
                for the fiscal year to the other States in accordance 
                with the formula described in paragraph (2)(B) by not 
                later than the last day of the fiscal year.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraph (C);
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as subparagraphs (B) and (A), respectively, 
                        and moving the subparagraphs so as to appear in 
                        alphabetical order; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Special rule for school and work zones.--
                Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), a State may expend 
                funds apportioned to the State under this section to 
                carry out a program to purchase, operate, or maintain 
                an automated traffic enforcement system in a work zone 
                or school zone.
                    ``(D) Automated traffic enforcement system 
                guidelines.--An automated traffic enforcement system 
                installed pursuant to subparagraph (C) shall comply 
                with such guidelines applicable to speed enforcement 
                camera systems and red light camera systems as are 
                established by the Secretary.'';
            (6) in subsection (k)--
                    (A) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``thereafter'' in 
                paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(k) Triennial Highway Safety Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--For fiscal year 2022, and not less 
        frequently than once every 3 fiscal years thereafter'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``for that fiscal 
                year, to develop and submit to the Secretary for 
                approval a highway safety plan'' and inserting ``for 
                the 3 fiscal years covered by the plan, to develop and 
                submit to the Secretary for approval a triennial 
                highway safety plan'';
                    (C) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(2) Timing.--Each State shall submit to the Secretary a 
        triennial highway safety plan by not later than July 1 of the 
        fiscal year preceding the first fiscal year covered by the 
        plan.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``triennial'' 
                before ``highway'';
                    (E) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``State highway 
                                safety plans'' and inserting ``Each 
                                State triennial highway safety plan''; 
                                and
                                    (II) by inserting ``, with respect 
                                to the 3 fiscal years covered by the 
                                plan, based on the information 
                                available on the date of submission 
                                under paragraph (2)'' after 
                                ``include'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking 
                        ``annual performance targets'' and inserting 
                        ``performance targets that demonstrate constant 
                        or improved performance'';
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (B) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) a countermeasure strategy for programming 
                funds under this section for projects that will allow 
                the State to meet the performance targets described in 
                subparagraph (A), including a description--
                            ``(i) that demonstrates the link between 
                        the effectiveness of each proposed 
                        countermeasure strategy and those performance 
                        targets; and
                            ``(ii) of the manner in which each 
                        countermeasure strategy is informed by uniform 
                        guidelines issued by the Secretary;''; and
                            (iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``, 
                        State, local, or private'';
                    (F) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(5) Performance measures.--The Secretary shall develop 
        minimum performance measures under paragraph (4)(A) in 
        consultation with the Governors Highway Safety Association.''; 
        and
                    (G) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting 
                        ``triennial'' before ``highway'';
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) 
                        through (E) as subparagraphs (C) through (F), 
                        respectively;
                            (iii) in each of subparagraphs (C) through 
                        (F) (as so redesignated), by inserting 
                        ``triennial'' before ``highway'' each place it 
                        appears; and
                            (iv) by striking subparagraph (A) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall review and 
                approve or disapprove a triennial highway safety plan 
                of a State by not later than 60 days after the date on 
                which the plan is received by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Additional information.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary may 
                        request a State to submit to the Secretary such 
                        additional information as the Secretary 
                        determines to be necessary for review of the 
                        triennial highway safety plan of the State.
                            ``(ii) Extension of deadline.--On providing 
                        to a State a request for additional information 
                        under clause (i), the Secretary may extend the 
                        deadline to approve or disapprove the triennial 
                        highway safety plan of the State under 
                        subparagraph (A) for not more than an 
                        additional 90 days, as the Secretary determines 
                        to be necessary to accommodate that request, 
                        subject to clause (iii).
                            ``(iii) Timing.--Any additional information 
                        requested under clause (i) shall be submitted 
                        to the Secretary by not later than 7 business 
                        days after the date of receipt by the State of 
                        the request.'';
            (7) by inserting after subsection (k) the following:
    ``(l) Annual Grant Application and Reporting Requirements.--
            ``(1) Annual grant application.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To be eligible to receive grant 
                funds under this chapter for a fiscal year, each State 
                shall submit to the Secretary an annual grant 
                application that, as determined by the Secretary--
                            ``(i) demonstrates alignment with the 
                        approved triennial highway safety plan of the 
                        State; and
                            ``(ii) complies with the requirements under 
                        this subsection.
                    ``(B) Timing.--The deadline for submission of 
                annual grant applications under this paragraph shall be 
                determined by the Secretary in accordance with section 
                406(d)(2).
                    ``(C) Contents.--An annual grant application under 
                this paragraph shall include, at a minimum--
                            ``(i) such updates as the State determines 
                        to be necessary to any analysis included in the 
                        triennial highway safety plan of the State;
                            ``(ii) an identification of each project 
                        and subrecipient to be funded by the State 
                        using the grants during the upcoming grant 
                        year, subject to the condition that the State 
                        shall separately submit, on a date other than 
                        the date of submission of the annual grant 
                        application, a description of any projects or 
                        subrecipients to be funded, as that information 
                        becomes available;
                            ``(iii) a description of the means by which 
                        the strategy of the State to use grant funds 
                        was adjusted and informed by the previous 
                        report of the State under paragraph (2); and
                            ``(iv) an application for any additional 
                        grants available to the State under this 
                        chapter.
                    ``(D) Review.--The Secretary shall review and 
                approve or disapprove an annual grant application under 
                this paragraph by not later than 60 days after the date 
                of submission of the application.
            ``(2) Reporting requirements.--Not later than 120 days 
        after the end of each fiscal year for which a grant is provided 
        to a State under this chapter, the State shall submit to the 
        Secretary an annual report that includes--
                    ``(A) an assessment of the progress made by the 
                State in achieving the performance targets identified 
                in the triennial highway safety plan of the State, 
                based on the most currently available Fatality Analysis 
                Reporting System data; and
                    ``(B)(i) a description of the extent to which 
                progress made in achieving those performance targets is 
                aligned with the triennial highway safety plan of the 
                State; and
                    ``(ii) if applicable, any plans of the State to 
                adjust a strategy for programming funds to achieve the 
                performance targets.'';
            (8) in subsection (m)(1), by striking ``a State's highway 
        safety plan'' and inserting ``the applicable triennial highway 
        safety plan of the State''; and
            (9) by striking subsection (n) and inserting the following:
    ``(n) Public Transparency.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall publicly release on 
        a Department of Transportation website, by not later than 45 
        calendar days after the applicable date of availability--
                    ``(A) each triennial highway safety plan approved 
                by the Secretary under subsection (k);
                    ``(B) each State performance target under 
                subsection (k); and
                    ``(C) an evaluation of State achievement of 
                applicable performance targets under subsection (k).
            ``(2) State highway safety plan website.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out paragraph (1), 
                the Secretary shall establish a public website that is 
                easily accessible, navigable, and searchable for the 
                information required under that paragraph, in order to 
                foster greater transparency in approved State highway 
                safety programs.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The website established under 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) include the applicable triennial 
                        highway safety plan, and the annual report, of 
                        each State submitted to, and approved by, the 
                        Secretary under subsection (k); and
                            ``(ii) provide a means for the public to 
                        search the website for State highway safety 
                        program content required under subsection (k), 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) performance measures required 
                                by the Secretary;
                                    ``(II) progress made toward meeting 
                                the applicable performance targets 
                                during the preceding program year;
                                    ``(III) program areas and 
                                expenditures; and
                                    ``(IV) a description of any sources 
                                of funds, other than funds provided 
                                under this section, that the State 
                                proposes to use to carry out the 
                                triennial highway safety plan of the 
                                State.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect with respect to any grant application or State highway 
safety plan submitted under chapter 4 of title 23, United States Code, 
for fiscal year 2024 or thereafter.

SEC. 4103. HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 403 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``accident'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``crash'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(1), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, training, education,'' after 
        ``demonstration projects'';
            (3) in subsection (f)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``$2,500,000'' and inserting 
                ``$3,500,000'';
                    (B) by striking ``subsection 402(c) in each fiscal 
                year ending before October 1, 2015'' and inserting 
                ``section 402(c)(2) in each fiscal year ending before 
                October 1, 2021''; and
                    (C) by striking ``section 402(c) in the period 
                beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 
                2015'' and inserting ``section 402(c)(2) beginning on 
                October 1, 2021, and ending on December 4, 2021'';
            (4) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), 
                and (5) as paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), and (1), 
                respectively, and moving the paragraphs so as to appear 
                in numerical order;
                    (B) in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``section 30102(a)(6)'' and 
                inserting ``section 30102(a)''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph 
                (2)''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Child Safety Campaign.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out an 
        education campaign to reduce the incidence of vehicular 
        heatstroke of children left in passenger motor vehicles (as 
        defined in section 30102(a) of title 49).
            ``(2) Advertising.--The Secretary may use, or authorize the 
        use of, funds made available to carry out this section to pay 
        for the development, production, and use of broadcast and print 
        media advertising and Internet-based outreach for the education 
        campaign under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out the education campaign 
        under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with--
                    ``(A) interested State and local governments;
                    ``(B) private industry; and
                    ``(C) other parties, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
    ``(l) Development of State Processes for Informing Consumers of 
Recalls.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Motor vehicle.--The term `motor vehicle' has 
                the meaning given the term in section 30102(a) of title 
                49.
                    ``(B) Open recall.--The term `open recall' means a 
                motor vehicle recall--
                            ``(i) for which a notification by a 
                        manufacturer has been provided under section 
                        30119 of title 49; and
                            ``(ii) that has not been remedied under 
                        section 30120 of that title.
                    ``(C) Program.--The term `program' means the 
                program established under paragraph (2)(A).
                    ``(D) Registration.--The term `registration' means 
                the process for registering a motor vehicle in a State 
                (including registration renewal).
                    ``(E) State.--The term `State' has the meaning 
                given the term in section 101(a).
            ``(2) Grants.--
                    ``(A) Establishment of program.--Not later than 2 
                years after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
                the Secretary shall establish a program under which the 
                Secretary shall provide grants to States for use in 
                developing and implementing State processes for 
                informing each applicable owner and lessee of a motor 
                vehicle of any open recall on the motor vehicle at the 
                time of registration of the motor vehicle in the State, 
                in accordance with this paragraph.
                    ``(B) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a 
                grant under the program, a State shall--
                            ``(i) submit to the Secretary an 
                        application at such time, in such manner, and 
                        containing such information as the Secretary 
                        may require; and
                            ``(ii) agree--
                                    ``(I) to notify each owner or 
                                lessee of a motor vehicle presented for 
                                registration in the State of any open 
                                recall on that motor vehicle; and
                                    ``(II) to provide to each owner or 
                                lessee of a motor vehicle presented for 
                                registration, at no cost--
                                            ``(aa) the open recall 
                                        information for the motor 
                                        vehicle; and
                                            ``(bb) such other 
                                        information as the Secretary 
                                        may require.
                    ``(C) Factors for consideration.--In selecting 
                grant recipients under the program, the Secretary shall 
                take into consideration the methodology of a State 
                for--
                            ``(i) identifying open recalls on a motor 
                        vehicle;
                            ``(ii) informing each owner and lessee of a 
                        motor vehicle of an open recall; and
                            ``(iii) measuring performance in--
                                    ``(I) informing owners and lessees 
                                of open recalls; and
                                    ``(II) remedying open recalls.
                    ``(D) Performance period.--A grant provided under 
                the program shall require a performance period of 2 
                years.
                    ``(E) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the 
                date of completion of the performance period under 
                subparagraph (D), each State that receives a grant 
                under the program shall submit to the Secretary a 
                report that contains such information as the Secretary 
                considers to be necessary to evaluate the extent to 
                which open recalls have been remedied in the State.
                    ``(F) No regulations required.--Notwithstanding any 
                other provision of law, the Secretary shall not be 
                required to issue any regulations to carry out the 
                program.
            ``(3) Paperwork reduction act.--Chapter 35 of title 44 
        (commonly known as the `Paperwork Reduction Act') shall not 
        apply to information collected under the program.
            ``(4) Funding.--For each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, 
        the Secretary shall obligate from funds made available to carry 
        out this section $1,500,000 to carry out the program.
    ``(m) Innovative Highway Safety Countermeasures.--
            ``(1) In general.--In conducting research under this 
        section, the Secretary shall evaluate the effectiveness of 
        innovative behavioral traffic safety countermeasures, other 
        than traffic enforcement, that are considered promising or 
        likely to be effective for the purpose of enriching revisions 
        to the document entitled `Countermeasures That Work: A Highway 
        Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 
        Ninth Edition' and numbered DOT HS 812 478 (or any successor 
        document).
            ``(2) Treatment.--The research described in paragraph (1) 
        shall be in addition to any other research carried out under 
        this section.''.

SEC. 4104. HIGH-VISIBILITY ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS.

    Section 404(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``each of fiscal years 2016 through 2020'' and inserting 
``each fiscal year''.

SEC. 4105. NATIONAL PRIORITY SAFETY PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Section 405 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (6) and (9);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5) as 
                paragraphs (2) through (6), respectively;
                    (C) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``the following:'' 
                in the matter preceding paragraph (2) (as so 
                redesignated) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Program Authority.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to the requirements of this 
        section, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) manage programs to address national 
                priorities for reducing highway deaths and injuries; 
                and
                    ``(B) allocate funds for the purpose described in 
                subparagraph (A) in accordance with this subsection.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``52.5 percent'' and inserting ``53 percent'';
                    (E) in paragraph (7)--
                            (i) by striking ``5 percent'' and inserting 
                        ``7 percent''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (h)'' and 
                        inserting ``subsection (g)'';
                    (F) by redesignating paragraphs (8) and (10) as 
                paragraphs (10) and (11), respectively;
                    (G) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
            ``(8) Preventing roadside deaths.--In each fiscal year, 1 
        percent of the funds provided under this section shall be 
        allocated among States that meet requirements with respect to 
        preventing roadside deaths under subsection (h).
            ``(9) Driver officer safety education.--In each fiscal 
        year, 1 percent of the funds provided under this section shall 
        be allocated among States that meet requirements with respect 
        to driver and officer safety education under subsection (i).''; 
        and
                    (H) in paragraph (10) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``(1) through (7)'' and 
                        inserting ``(2) through (9)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``(b) through (h)'' and 
                        inserting ``(b) through (i)'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``of 
                Transportation'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(B)(ii)(VI)(aa), by striking 
                ``3-year'' and inserting ``5-year''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking clause 
                        (v) and inserting the following:
                            ``(v) implement programs--
                                    ``(I) to recruit and train 
                                nationally certified child passenger 
                                safety technicians among police 
                                officers, fire and other first 
                                responders, emergency medical 
                                personnel, and other individuals or 
                                organizations serving low-income and 
                                underserved populations;
                                    ``(II) to educate parents and 
                                caregivers in low-income and 
                                underserved populations regarding the 
                                importance of proper use and correct 
                                installation of child restraints on 
                                every trip in a motor vehicle; and
                                    ``(III) to purchase and distribute 
                                child restraints to low-income and 
                                underserved populations; and''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Requirements.--Each State that is eligible to 
                receive funds--
                            ``(i) under paragraph (3)(A) shall use--
                                    ``(I) not more than 90 percent of 
                                those funds to carry out a project or 
                                activity eligible for funding under 
                                section 402; and
                                    ``(II) any remaining funds to carry 
                                out subparagraph (A)(v); and
                            ``(ii) under paragraph (3)(B) shall use not 
                        less than 10 percent of those funds to carry 
                        out the activities described in subparagraph 
                        (A)(v).'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``of Transportation''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``States; and'' and inserting ``States, 
                        including the National EMS Information 
                        System;'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking the paragraph designation 
                        and heading and all that follows through ``has 
                        a functioning'' in subparagraph (A) and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(3) Eligibility.--A State shall not be eligible to 
        receive a grant under this subsection for a fiscal year unless 
        the State--
                    ``(A) has certified to the Secretary that the 
                State--
                            ``(i) has a functioning'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by adding ``and'' after the 
                                semicolon at the end; and
                                    (II) by redesignating the 
                                subparagraph as clause (ii) of 
                                subparagraph (A) and indenting the 
                                clause appropriately;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) by adding ``and'' after the 
                                semicolon at the end; and
                                    (II) by redesignating the 
                                subparagraph as clause (iii) of 
                                subparagraph (A) and indenting the 
                                clause appropriately;
                            (iv) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (B);
                            (v) in clause (vi) of subparagraph (B) (as 
                        so redesignated), by striking ``; and'' and 
                        inserting a period; and
                            (vi) by striking subparagraph (E);
                    (C) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(4) Use of grant amounts.--A State may use a grant 
        received under this subsection to make data program 
        improvements to core highway safety databases relating to 
        quantifiable, measurable progress in any significant data 
        program attribute described in paragraph (3)(B), including 
        through--
                    ``(A) software or applications to identify, 
                collect, and report data to State and local government 
                agencies, and enter data into State core highway safety 
                databases, including crash, citation or adjudication, 
                driver, emergency medical services or injury 
                surveillance system, roadway, and vehicle data;
                    ``(B) purchasing equipment to improve a process by 
                which data are identified, collated, and reported to 
                State and local government agencies, including 
                technology for use by law enforcement for near-real 
                time, electronic reporting of crash data;
                    ``(C) improving the compatibility and 
                interoperability of the core highway safety databases 
                of the State with national data systems and data 
                systems of other States, including the National EMS 
                Information System;
                    ``(D) enhancing the ability of a State and the 
                Secretary to observe and analyze local, State, and 
                national trends in crash occurrences, rates, outcomes, 
                and circumstances;
                    ``(E) supporting traffic records improvement 
                training and expenditures for law enforcement, 
                emergency medical, judicial, prosecutorial, and traffic 
                records professionals;
                    ``(F) hiring traffic records professionals for the 
                purpose of improving traffic information systems 
                (including a State Fatal Accident Reporting System 
                (FARS) liaison);
                    ``(G) adoption of the Model Minimum Uniform Crash 
                Criteria, or providing to the public information 
                regarding why any of those criteria will not be used, 
                if applicable;
                    ``(H) supporting reporting criteria relating to 
                emerging topics, including--
                            ``(i) impaired driving as a result of drug, 
                        alcohol, or polysubstance consumption; and
                            ``(ii) advanced technologies present on 
                        motor vehicles; and
                    ``(I) conducting research relating to State traffic 
                safety information systems, including developing 
                programs to improve core highway safety databases and 
                processes by which data are identified, collected, 
                reported to State and local government agencies, and 
                entered into State core safety databases.''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Technical assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                technical assistance to States, regardless of whether a 
                State receives a grant under this subsection, with 
                respect to improving the timeliness, accuracy, 
                completeness, uniformity, integration, and public 
                accessibility of State safety data that are needed to 
                identify priorities for Federal, State, and local 
                highway and traffic safety programs, including on 
                adoption by a State of the Model Minimum Uniform Crash 
                Criteria.
                    ``(B) Funds.--The Secretary may use not more than 3 
                percent of the amounts available under this subsection 
                to carry out subparagraph (A).'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking clause (iii) and 
                                inserting the following:
                            ``(iii) court support of impaired driving 
                        prevention efforts, including--
                                    ``(I) hiring criminal justice 
                                professionals, including law 
                                enforcement officers, prosecutors, 
                                traffic safety resource prosecutors, 
                                judges, judicial outreach liaisons, and 
                                probation officers;
                                    ``(II) training and education of 
                                those professionals to assist the 
                                professionals in preventing impaired 
                                driving and handling impaired driving 
                                cases, including by providing 
                                compensation to a law enforcement 
                                officer to carry out safety grant 
                                activities to replace a law enforcement 
                                officer who is receiving drug 
                                recognition expert training or 
                                participating as an instructor in that 
                                drug recognition expert training; and
                                    ``(III) establishing driving while 
                                intoxicated courts;'';
                                    (II) by striking clause (v) and 
                                inserting the following:
                            ``(v) improving blood alcohol and drug 
                        concentration screening and testing, detection 
                        of potentially impairing drugs (including 
                        through the use of oral fluid as a specimen), 
                        and reporting relating to testing and 
                        detection;'';
                                    (III) in clause (vi), by striking 
                                ``conducting standardized field 
                                sobriety training, advanced roadside 
                                impaired driving evaluation training, 
                                and'' and inserting ``conducting 
                                initial and continuing standardized 
                                field sobriety training, advanced 
                                roadside impaired driving evaluation 
                                training, law enforcement phlebotomy 
                                training, and'';
                                    (IV) in clause (ix), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (V) in clause (x), by striking the 
                                period at the end and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
                                    (VI) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(xi) testing and implementing programs, 
                        and purchasing technologies, to better 
                        identify, monitor, or treat impaired drivers, 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) oral fluid-screening 
                                technologies;
                                    ``(II) electronic warrant programs;
                                    ``(III) equipment to increase the 
                                scope, quantity, quality, and 
                                timeliness of forensic toxicology 
                                chemical testing;
                                    ``(IV) case management software to 
                                support the management of impaired 
                                driving offenders; and
                                    ``(V) technology to monitor 
                                impaired-driving offenders, and 
                                equipment and related expenditures used 
                                in connection with impaired-driving 
                                enforcement in accordance with criteria 
                                established by the National Highway 
                                Traffic Safety Administration.''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) in the second sentence, by 
                                striking ``Medium-range'' and inserting 
                                the following:
                            ``(ii) Medium-range and high-range 
                        states.--Subject to clause (iii), medium-
                        range'';
                                    (II) in the first sentence, by 
                                striking ``Low-range'' and inserting 
                                the following:
                            ``(i) Low-range states.--Subject to clause 
                        (iii), low-range''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(iii) Reporting and impaired driving 
                        measures.--A State may use grant funds for any 
                        expenditure relating to--
                                    ``(I) increasing the timely and 
                                accurate reporting to Federal, State, 
                                and local databases of--
                                            ``(aa) crash information, 
                                        including electronic crash 
                                        reporting systems that allow 
                                        accurate real- or near-real-
                                        time uploading of crash 
                                        information; and
                                            ``(bb) impaired driving 
                                        criminal justice information; 
                                        or
                                    ``(II) researching or evaluating 
                                impaired driving countermeasures.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraph (A) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Grants to states with alcohol-ignition 
                interlock laws.--The Secretary shall make a separate 
                grant under this subsection to each State that--
                            ``(i) adopts, and is enforcing, a mandatory 
                        alcohol-ignition interlock law for all 
                        individuals convicted of driving under the 
                        influence of alcohol or of driving while 
                        intoxicated;
                            ``(ii) does not allow an individual 
                        convicted of driving under the influence of 
                        alcohol or of driving while intoxicated to 
                        receive any driving privilege or driver's 
                        license unless the individual installs on each 
                        motor vehicle registered, owned, or leased for 
                        operation by the individual an ignition 
                        interlock for a period of not less than 180 
                        days; or
                            ``(iii) has in effect, and is enforcing--
                                    ``(I) a State law requiring for any 
                                individual who is convicted of, or the 
                                driving privilege of whom is revoked or 
                                denied for, refusing to submit to a 
                                chemical or other appropriate test for 
                                the purpose of determining the presence 
                                or concentration of any intoxicating 
                                substance, a State law requiring a 
                                period of not less than 180 days of 
                                ignition interlock installation on each 
                                motor vehicle to be operated by the 
                                individual; and
                                    ``(II) a compliance-based removal 
                                program, under which an individual 
                                convicted of driving under the 
                                influence of alcohol or of driving 
                                while intoxicated shall--
                                            ``(aa) satisfy a period of 
                                        not less than 180 days of 
                                        ignition interlock installation 
                                        on each motor vehicle to be 
                                        operated by the individual; and
                                            ``(bb) have completed a 
                                        minimum consecutive period of 
                                        not less than 40 percent of the 
                                        required period of ignition 
                                        interlock installation 
                                        immediately preceding the date 
                                        of release of the individual, 
                                        without a confirmed 
                                        violation.''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``2009'' and inserting ``2022''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (7)(A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by inserting ``or local'' after 
                ``authorizes a State'';
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (6) and (8);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), 
                (5), (7), and (9) as paragraphs (2), (4), (6), (7), 
                (8), (9), and (1), respectively, and moving the 
                paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order;
                    (C) in paragraph (1) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``, the following definitions 
                        apply'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Personal wireless communications device.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `personal 
                        wireless communications device' means--
                                    ``(I) a device through which 
                                personal wireless services (as defined 
                                in section 332(c)(7)(C) of the 
                                Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
                                332(c)(7)(C))) are transmitted; and
                                    ``(II) a mobile telephone or other 
                                portable electronic communication 
                                device with which a user engages in a 
                                call or writes, sends, or reads a text 
                                message using at least 1 hand.
                            ``(ii) Exclusion.--The term `personal 
                        wireless communications device' does not 
                        include a global navigation satellite system 
                        receiver used for positioning, emergency 
                        notification, or navigation purposes.''; and
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (E) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(E) Text.--The term `text' means--
                            ``(i) to read from, or manually to enter 
                        data into, a personal wireless communications 
                        device, including for the purpose of SMS 
                        texting, emailing, instant messaging, or any 
                        other form of electronic data retrieval or 
                        electronic data communication; and
                            ``(ii) manually to enter, send, or retrieve 
                        a text message to communicate with another 
                        individual or device.
                    ``(F) Text message.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `text message' 
                        means--
                                    ``(I) a text-based message;
                                    ``(II) an instant message;
                                    ``(III) an electronic message; and
                                    ``(IV) email.
                            ``(ii) Exclusions.--The term `text message' 
                        does not include--
                                    ``(I) an emergency, traffic, or 
                                weather alert; or
                                    ``(II) a message relating to the 
                                operation or navigation of a motor 
                                vehicle.'';
                    (D) by striking paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) 
                and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Grant program.--The Secretary shall provide a grant 
        under this subsection to any State that includes distracted 
        driving awareness as part of the driver's license examination 
        of the State.
            ``(3) Allocation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For each fiscal year, not less 
                than 50 percent of the amounts made available to carry 
                out this subsection shall be allocated to States, based 
                on the proportion that--
                            ``(i) the apportionment of the State under 
                        section 402 for fiscal year 2009; bears to
                            ``(ii) the apportionment of all States 
                        under section 402 for that fiscal year.
                    ``(B) Grants for states with distracted driving 
                laws.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In addition to the 
                        allocations under subparagraph (A), for each 
                        fiscal year, not more than 50 percent of the 
                        amounts made available to carry out this 
                        subsection shall be allocated to States that 
                        enact and enforce a law that meets the 
                        requirements of paragraph (4), (5), or (6)--
                                    ``(I) based on the proportion 
                                that--
                                            ``(aa) the apportionment of 
                                        the State under section 402 for 
                                        fiscal year 2009; bears to
                                            ``(bb) the apportionment of 
                                        all States under section 402 
                                        for that fiscal year; and
                                    ``(II) subject to clauses (ii), 
                                (iii), and (iv), as applicable.
                            ``(ii) Primary laws.--Subject to clause 
                        (iv), in the case of a State that enacts and 
                        enforces a law that meets the requirements of 
                        paragraph (4), (5), or (6) as a primary 
                        offense, the allocation to the State under this 
                        subparagraph shall be 100 percent of the amount 
                        calculated to be allocated to the State under 
                        clause (i)(I).
                            ``(iii) Secondary laws.--Subject to clause 
                        (iv), in the case of a State that enacts and 
                        enforces a law that meets the requirements of 
                        paragraph (4), (5), or (6) as a secondary 
                        enforcement action, the allocation to the State 
                        under this subparagraph shall be an amount 
                        equal to 50 percent of the amount calculated to 
                        be allocated to the State under clause (i)(I).
                            ``(iv) Texting while driving.--
                        Notwithstanding clauses (ii) and (iii), the 
                        allocation under this subparagraph to a State 
                        that enacts and enforces a law that prohibits a 
                        driver from viewing a personal wireless 
                        communications device (except for purposes of 
                        navigation) shall be 25 percent of the amount 
                        calculated to be allocated to the State under 
                        clause (i)(I).'';
                    (E) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``set forth in this'' and 
                        inserting ``of this'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B);
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) 
                        and (D) as subparagraphs (B) and (C), 
                        respectively;
                            (iv) in subparagraph (B) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``minimum''; and
                            (v) in subparagraph (C) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``text through a 
                        personal wireless communication device'' and 
                        inserting ``use a personal wireless 
                        communications device for texting'';
                    (F) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(5) Prohibition on handheld phone use while driving.--A 
        State law meets the requirements of this paragraph if the law--
                    ``(A) prohibits a driver from holding a personal 
                wireless communications device while driving;
                    ``(B) establishes a fine for a violation of that 
                law; and
                    ``(C) does not provide for an exemption that 
                specifically allows a driver to use a personal wireless 
                communications device for texting while stopped in 
                traffic.'';
                    (G) in paragraph (6) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``set forth in this'' and 
                        inserting ``of this'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking 
                        ``set forth in subsection (g)(2)(B)'';
                            (iii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and 
                        (D);
                            (iv) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (B);
                            (v) in subparagraph (B) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``minimum''; and
                            (vi) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) does not provide for--
                            ``(i) an exemption that specifically allows 
                        a driver to use a personal wireless 
                        communications device for texting while stopped 
                        in traffic; or
                            ``(ii) an exemption described in paragraph 
                        (7)(E).''; and
                    (H) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``set forth in paragraph (2) 
                        or (3)'' and inserting ``of paragraph (4), (5), 
                        or (6)'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (A) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) a driver who uses a personal wireless 
                communications device during an emergency to contact 
                emergency services to prevent injury to persons or 
                property;'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iv) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (F); and
                            (v) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                        following:
                    ``(D) a driver who uses a personal wireless 
                communications device for navigation;
                    ``(E) except for a law described in paragraph (6), 
                the use of a personal wireless communications device--
                            ``(i) in a hands-free manner;
                            ``(ii) with a hands-free accessory; or
                            ``(iii) with the activation or deactivation 
                        of a feature or function of the personal 
                        wireless communications device with the motion 
                        of a single swipe or tap of the finger of the 
                        driver; and'';
            (6) in subsection (f)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking 
                ``accident'' and inserting ``crash'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) through (F) 
                as subparagraphs (D) through (G), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Helmet law.--A State law requiring the use of 
                a helmet for each motorcycle rider under the age of 
                18.''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), in 
                the subparagraph heading, by striking ``accidents'' and 
                inserting ``crashes'';
            (7) by striking subsection (g);
            (8) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (g);
            (9) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5) as 
                paragraphs (2) through (6), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(1) Definition of nonmotorized road user.--In this 
        subsection, the term `nonmotorized road user' means--
                    ``(A) a pedestrian;
                    ``(B) an individual using a nonmotorized mode of 
                transportation, including a bicycle, a scooter, or a 
                personal conveyance; and
                    ``(C) an individual using a low-speed or low-
                horsepower motorized vehicle, including an electric 
                bicycle, electric scooter, personal mobility assistance 
                device, personal transporter, or all-terrain 
                vehicle.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``pedestrian and bicycle fatalities and 
                injuries that result from crashes involving a motor 
                vehicle'' and inserting ``nonmotorized road user 
                fatalities involving a motor vehicle in transit on a 
                trafficway'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``pedestrian and bicycle'' and inserting 
                ``nonmotorized road user''; and
                    (E) by striking paragraph (5) (as so redesignated) 
                and inserting the following:
            ``(5) Use of grant amounts.--Grant funds received by a 
        State under this subsection may be used for the safety of 
        nonmotorized road users, including--
                    ``(A) training of law enforcement officials 
                relating to nonmotorized road user safety, State laws 
                applicable to nonmotorized road user safety, and 
                infrastructure designed to improve nonmotorized road 
                user safety;
                    ``(B) carrying out a program to support enforcement 
                mobilizations and campaigns designed to enforce State 
                traffic laws applicable to nonmotorized road user 
                safety;
                    ``(C) public education and awareness programs 
                designed to inform motorists and nonmotorized road 
                users regarding--
                            ``(i) nonmotorized road user safety, 
                        including information relating to nonmotorized 
                        mobility and the importance of speed management 
                        to the safety of nonmotorized road users;
                            ``(ii) the value of the use of nonmotorized 
                        road user safety equipment, including lighting, 
                        conspicuity equipment, mirrors, helmets, and 
                        other protective equipment, and compliance with 
                        any State or local laws requiring the use of 
                        that equipment;
                            ``(iii) State traffic laws applicable to 
                        nonmotorized road user safety, including the 
                        responsibilities of motorists with respect to 
                        nonmotorized road users; and
                            ``(iv) infrastructure designed to improve 
                        nonmotorized road user safety; and
                    ``(D) the collection of data, and the establishment 
                and maintenance of data systems, relating to 
                nonmotorized road user traffic fatalities.''; and
            (10) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Preventing Roadside Deaths.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide grants to 
        States to prevent death and injury from crashes involving motor 
        vehicles striking other vehicles and individuals stopped at the 
        roadside.
            ``(2) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of 
        carrying out an activity funded through a grant under this 
        subsection may not exceed 80 percent.
            ``(3) Eligibility.--A State shall receive a grant under 
        this subsection in a fiscal year if the State submits to the 
        Secretary a plan that describes the method by which the State 
        will use grant funds in accordance with paragraph (4).
            ``(4) Use of funds.--Amounts received by a State under this 
        subsection shall be used by the State--
                    ``(A) to purchase and deploy digital alert 
                technology that--
                            ``(i) is capable of receiving alerts 
                        regarding nearby first responders; and
                            ``(ii) in the case of a motor vehicle that 
                        is used for emergency response activities, is 
                        capable of sending alerts to civilian drivers 
                        to protect first responders on the scene and en 
                        route;
                    ``(B) to educate the public regarding the safety of 
                vehicles and individuals stopped at the roadside in the 
                State through public information campaigns for the 
                purpose of reducing roadside deaths and injury;
                    ``(C) for law enforcement costs relating to 
                enforcing State laws to protect the safety of vehicles 
                and individuals stopped at the roadside; and
                    ``(D) for programs to identify, collect, and report 
                to State and local government agencies data relating to 
                crashes involving vehicles and individuals stopped at 
                the roadside.
            ``(5) Grant amount.--The allocation of grant funds to a 
        State under this subsection for a fiscal year shall be in 
        proportion to the apportionment of that State under section 402 
        for fiscal year 2022.
    ``(i) Driver and Officer Safety Education.--
            ``(1) Definition of peace officer.--In this subsection, the 
        term `peace officer' includes any individual--
                    ``(A) who is an elected, appointed, or employed 
                agent of a government entity;
                    ``(B) who has the authority--
                            ``(i) to carry firearms; and
                            ``(ii) to make warrantless arrests; and
                    ``(C) whose duties involve the enforcement of 
                criminal laws of the United States.
            ``(2) Grants.--Subject to the requirements of this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall provide grants to--
                    ``(A) States that enact or adopt a law or program 
                described in paragraph (4); and
                    ``(B) qualifying States under paragraph (7).
            ``(3) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of 
        carrying out an activity funded through a grant under this 
        subsection may not exceed 80 percent.
            ``(4) Description of law or program.--A law or program 
        referred to in paragraph (2)(A) is a law or program that 
        requires 1 or more of the following:
                    ``(A) Driver education and driving safety 
                courses.--The inclusion, in driver education and driver 
                safety courses provided to individuals by educational 
                and motor vehicle agencies of the State, of instruction 
                and testing relating to law enforcement practices 
                during traffic stops, including information relating 
                to--
                            ``(i) the role of law enforcement and the 
                        duties and responsibilities of peace officers;
                            ``(ii) the legal rights of individuals 
                        concerning interactions with peace officers;
                            ``(iii) best practices for civilians and 
                        peace officers during those interactions;
                            ``(iv) the consequences for failure of an 
                        individual or officer to comply with the law or 
                        program; and
                            ``(v) how and where to file a complaint 
                        against, or a compliment relating to, a peace 
                        officer.
                    ``(B) Peace officer training programs.--Development 
                and implementation of a training program, including 
                instruction and testing materials, for peace officers 
                and reserve law enforcement officers (other than 
                officers who have received training in a civilian 
                course described in subparagraph (A)) with respect to 
                proper interaction with civilians during traffic stops.
            ``(5) Use of funds.--A State may use a grant provided under 
        this subsection for--
                    ``(A) the production of educational materials and 
                training of staff for driver education and driving 
                safety courses and peace officer training described in 
                paragraph (4); and
                    ``(B) the implementation of a law or program 
                described in paragraph (4).
            ``(6) Grant amount.--The allocation of grant funds to a 
        State under this subsection for a fiscal year shall be in 
        proportion to the apportionment of that State under section 402 
        for fiscal year 2022.
            ``(7) Special rule for certain states.--
                    ``(A) Definition of qualifying state.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `qualifying State' means a State 
                that--
                            ``(i) has received a grant under this 
                        subsection for a period of not more than 5 
                        years; and
                            ``(ii) as determined by the Secretary--
                                    ``(I) has not fully enacted or 
                                adopted a law or program described in 
                                paragraph (4); but
                                    ``(II)(aa) has taken meaningful 
                                steps toward the full implementation of 
                                such a law or program; and
                                    ``(bb) has established a timetable 
                                for the implementation of such a law or 
                                program.
                    ``(B) Withholding.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) withhold 50 percent of the amount 
                        that each qualifying State would otherwise 
                        receive under this subsection if the qualifying 
                        State were a State described in paragraph 
                        (2)(A); and
                            ``(ii) direct any amounts withheld under 
                        clause (i) for distribution among the States 
                        that are enforcing and carrying out a law or 
                        program described in paragraph (4).''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 4010(2) of the FAST Act (23 
U.S.C. 405 note; Public Law 114-94) is amended by inserting ``all'' 
before ``deficiencies''.

SEC. 4106. MULTIPLE SUBSTANCE-IMPAIRED DRIVING PREVENTION.

    (a) Impaired Driving Countermeasures.--Section 154(c)(1) of title 
23, United States Code, is amended by striking ``alcohol-impaired'' 
each place it appears and inserting ``impaired''.
    (b) Comptroller General Study of National DUI Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall conduct a study of the reporting of impaired 
        driving arrest and citation data into Federal databases and the 
        interstate sharing of information relating to impaired driving-
        related convictions and license suspensions to facilitate the 
        widespread identification of repeat impaired driving offenders.
            (2) Inclusions.--The study conducted under paragraph (1) 
        shall include a detailed assessment of--
                    (A) the extent to which State and local criminal 
                justice agencies are reporting impaired driving arrest 
                and citation data to Federal databases;
                    (B) barriers--
                            (i) at the Federal, State, and local 
                        levels, to the reporting of impaired driving 
                        arrest and citation data to Federal databases; 
                        and
                            (ii) to the use of those databases by 
                        criminal justice agencies;
                    (C) Federal, State, and local resources available 
                to improve the reporting and sharing of impaired 
                driving data; and
                    (D) any options or recommendations for actions that 
                Federal agencies or Congress could take to further 
                improve the reporting and sharing of impaired driving 
                data.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the 
        results of the study conducted under this subsection.

SEC. 4107. MINIMUM PENALTIES FOR REPEAT OFFENDERS FOR DRIVING WHILE 
              INTOXICATED OR DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE.

    Section 164(b)(1) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``alcohol-impaired'' 
        and inserting ``alcohol- or multiple substance-impaired''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) by striking ``intoxicated or driving'' and 
                inserting ``intoxicated, driving while multiple 
                substance-impaired, or driving''; and
                    (B) by striking ``alcohol-impaired'' and inserting 
                ``alcohol- or multiple substance-impaired''.

SEC. 4108. CRASH DATA.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall revise the crash data collection 
system to include the collection of crash report data elements that 
distinguish individual personal conveyance vehicles, such as electric 
scooters and bicycles, from other vehicles involved in a crash.
    (b) Coordination.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary 
may coordinate with States to update the Model Minimum Uniform Crash 
Criteria to provide guidance to States regarding the collection of 
information and data elements for the crash data collection system.
    (c) Vulnerable Road Users.--
            (1) Update.--Based on the information contained in the 
        vulnerable road user safety assessments required by subsection 
        (f) of section 32302 of title 49, United States Code (as added 
        by section 4213(b)(2)), the Secretary shall modify existing 
        crash data collection systems to include the collection of 
        additional crash report data elements relating to vulnerable 
        road user safety.
            (2) Injury health data.--The Secretary shall coordinate 
        with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention to develop and implement a plan for States to 
        combine highway crash data and injury health data to produce a 
        national database of pedestrian injuries and fatalities, 
        disaggregated by demographic characteristics.
    (d) State Electronic Data Collection.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Electronic data transfer.--The term 
                ``electronic data transfer'' means a protocol for 
                automated electronic transfer of State crash data to 
                the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
                    (B) State.--The term ``State'' means--
                            (i) each of the 50 States;
                            (ii) the District of Columbia;
                            (iii) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
                            (iv) the United States Virgin Islands;
                            (v) Guam;
                            (vi) American Samoa;
                            (vii) the Commonwealth of the Northern 
                        Mariana Islands; and
                            (viii) the Secretary of the Interior, 
                        acting on behalf of an Indian Tribe.
            (2) Establishment of program.--The Secretary shall 
        establish a program under which the Secretary shall--
                    (A) provide grants for the modernization of State 
                data collection systems to enable full electronic data 
                transfer under paragraph (3); and
                    (B) upgrade the National Highway Traffic Safety 
                Administration system to manage and support State 
                electronic data transfers relating to crashes under 
                paragraph (4).
            (3) State grants.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide grants 
                to States to upgrade and standardize State crash data 
                systems to enable electronic data collection, 
                intrastate data sharing, and electronic data transfers 
                to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 
                to increase the accuracy, timeliness, and accessibility 
                of the data, including data relating to fatalities 
                involving vulnerable road users.
                    (B) Eligibility.--A State shall be eligible to 
                receive a grant under this paragraph if the State 
                submits to the Secretary an application, at such time, 
                in such manner, and containing such information as the 
                Secretary may require, that includes a plan to 
                implement full electronic data transfer to the National 
                Highway Traffic Safety Administration by not later than 
                5 years after the date on which the grant is provided.
                    (C) Use of funds.--A grant provided under this 
                paragraph may be used for the costs of--
                            (i) equipment to upgrade a statewide crash 
                        data repository;
                            (ii) adoption of electronic crash reporting 
                        by law enforcement agencies; and
                            (iii) increasing alignment of State crash 
                        data with the latest Model Minimum Uniform 
                        Crash Criteria.
                    (D) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost 
                of a project funded with a grant under this paragraph 
                may be up to 80 percent.
            (4) National highway traffic safety administration system 
        upgrade.--The Secretary shall manage and support State 
        electronic data transfers relating to vehicle crashes by--
                    (A) increasing the capacity of the National Highway 
                Traffic Safety Administration system; and
                    (B) making State crash data accessible to the 
                public.
    (e) Crash Investigation Sampling System.--The Secretary may use 
funds made available to carry out this section to enhance the 
collection of crash data by upgrading the Crash Investigation Sampling 
System to include--
            (1) additional program sites;
            (2) an expanded scope that includes all crash types; and
            (3) on-scene investigation protocols.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $150,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, to remain available for a 
period of 3 fiscal years following the fiscal year for which the 
amounts are appropriated.

SEC. 4109. REVIEW OF MOVE OVER OR SLOW DOWN LAW PUBLIC AWARENESS.

    (a) Definition of Move Over or Slow Down Law.--In this section, the 
term ``Move Over or Slow Down Law'' means any Federal or State law 
intended to ensure first responder and motorist safety by requiring 
motorists to change lanes or slow down when approaching an authorized 
emergency vehicle that is stopped or parked on or next to a roadway 
with emergency lights activated.
    (b) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall carry out a study of the efficacy of Move Over or 
        Slow Down Laws and related public awareness campaigns.
            (2) Inclusions.--The study under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) a review of each Federal and State Move Over or 
                Slow Down Law, including--
                            (i) penalties associated with the Move Over 
                        or Slow Down Laws; and
                            (ii) the level of enforcement of Move Over 
                        or Slow Down Laws;
                    (B) an identification and description of each 
                Federal and State public awareness campaign relating to 
                Move Over or Slow Down Laws; and
                    (C) a description of the role of the Department in 
                supporting State efforts with respect to Move Over or 
                Slow Down Laws, such as conducting research, collecting 
                data, or supporting public awareness or education 
                efforts.
    (c) Report.--On completion of the study under subsection (b), the 
Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that 
describes--
            (1) the findings of the study; and
            (2) any recommendations to improve public awareness 
        campaigns, research, or education efforts relating to the 
        issues described in subsection (b)(2).

SEC. 4110. REVIEW OF LAWS, SAFETY MEASURES, AND TECHNOLOGIES RELATING 
              TO SCHOOL BUSES.

    (a) Review of Illegal Passing Laws.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall prepare a report 
        that--
                    (A) identifies and describes all illegal passing 
                laws in each State relating to school buses, 
                including--
                            (i) the level of enforcement of those laws;
                            (ii) the penalties associated with those 
                        laws;
                            (iii) any issues relating to the 
                        enforcement of those laws; and
                            (iv) the effectiveness of those laws;
                    (B) reviews existing State laws that may inhibit 
                the effectiveness of safety countermeasures in school 
                bus loading zones, such as--
                            (i) laws that require the face of a driver 
                        to be visible in an image captured by a camera 
                        if enforcement action is to be taken based on 
                        that image;
                            (ii) laws that may reduce stop-arm camera 
                        effectiveness;
                            (iii) the need for a law enforcement 
                        officer to witness an event for enforcement 
                        action to be taken; and
                            (iv) the lack of primary enforcement for 
                        texting and driving offenses;
                    (C) identifies the methods used by each State to 
                review, document, and report to law enforcement school 
                bus stop-arm violations; and
                    (D) identifies best practices relating to the most 
                effective approaches to address the illegal passing of 
                school buses.
            (2) Publication.--The report under paragraph (1) shall be 
        made publicly available on the website of the Department.
    (b) Public Safety Messaging Campaign.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish and 
        implement a public safety messaging campaign that uses public 
        safety media messages, posters, digital media messages, and 
        other media messages distributed to States, State departments 
        of motor vehicles, schools, and other public outlets--
                    (A) to highlight the importance of addressing the 
                illegal passing of school buses; and
                    (B) to educate students and the public regarding 
                the safe loading and unloading of schools buses.
            (2) Consultation.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall consult with--
                    (A) representatives of the school bus industry from 
                the public and private sectors; and
                    (B) States.
            (3) Updates.--The Secretary shall periodically update the 
        materials used in the campaign under paragraph (1).
    (c) Review of Technologies.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall review and evaluate 
        the effectiveness of various technologies for enhancing school 
        bus safety, including technologies such as--
                    (A) cameras;
                    (B) audible warning systems; and
                    (C) enhanced lighting.
            (2) Inclusions.--The review under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) shall include--
                            (i) an assessment of--
                                    (I) the costs of acquiring and 
                                operating new equipment;
                                    (II) the potential impact of that 
                                equipment on overall school bus 
                                ridership; and
                                    (III) motion-activated detection 
                                systems capable of--
                                            (aa) detecting pedestrians, 
                                        cyclists, and other road users 
                                        located near the exterior of 
                                        the school bus; and
                                            (bb) alerting the operator 
                                        of the school bus of those road 
                                        users;
                            (ii) an assessment of the impact of 
                        advanced technologies designed to improve 
                        loading zone safety; and
                            (iii) an assessment of the effectiveness of 
                        school bus lighting systems at clearly 
                        communicating to surrounding drivers the 
                        appropriate actions those drivers should take; 
                        and
                    (B) may include--
                            (i) an evaluation of any technological 
                        solutions that may enhance school bus safety 
                        outside the school bus loading zone; and
                            (ii) a pilot program to test any 
                        technologies in school bus service.
            (3) Consultation.--In carrying out the review under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with--
                    (A) manufacturers of school buses;
                    (B) manufacturers of various technologies that may 
                enhance school bus safety; and
                    (C) representatives of the school bus industry from 
                the public and private sectors.
            (4) Publication.--The Secretary shall make the findings of 
        the review under paragraph (1) publicly available on the 
        website of the Department.
    (d) Review of Driver Education Materials.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) review driver manuals, handbooks, and other 
                materials in all States to determine whether and the 
                means by which illegal passing of school buses is 
                addressed in those driver materials, including in--
                            (i) testing for noncommercial driver's 
                        licenses; and
                            (ii) road tests; and
                    (B) make recommendations on methods by which States 
                can improve education regarding the illegal passing of 
                school buses, particularly for new drivers.
            (2) Consultation.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall consult with--
                    (A) representatives of the school bus industry from 
                the public and private sectors;
                    (B) States;
                    (C) State motor vehicle administrators or senior 
                State executives responsible for driver licensing; and
                    (D) other appropriate motor vehicle experts.
            (3) Publication.--The Secretary shall make the findings of 
        the review under paragraph (1) publicly available on the 
        website of the Department.
    (e) Review of Other Safety Issues.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall research and prepare 
        a report describing any relationship between the illegal 
        passing of school buses and other safety issues, including 
        issues such as--
                    (A) distracted driving;
                    (B) poor visibility, such as morning darkness;
                    (C) illumination and reach of vehicle headlights;
                    (D) speed limits; and
                    (E) characteristics associated with school bus 
                stops, including the characteristics of school bus 
                stops in rural areas.
            (2) Publication.--The Secretary shall make the report under 
        paragraph (1) publicly available on the website of the 
        Department.

SEC. 4111. MOTORCYCLIST ADVISORY COUNCIL.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter III of chapter 3 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 355. Motorcyclist Advisory Council
    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation (referred to 
in this section as the `Secretary') shall establish a council, to be 
known as the `Motorcyclist Advisory Council' (referred to in this 
section as the `Council').
    ``(b) Membership.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Council shall be comprised of 12 
        members, to be appointed by the Secretary, of whom--
                    ``(A) 5 shall be representatives of units of State 
                or local government with expertise relating to highway 
                engineering and safety issues, including--
                            ``(i) motorcycle and motorcyclist safety;
                            ``(ii) barrier and road design, 
                        construction, and maintenance; or
                            ``(iii) intelligent transportation systems;
                    ``(B) 1 shall be a motorcyclist who serves as a 
                State or local--
                            ``(i) traffic and safety engineer;
                            ``(ii) design engineer; or
                            ``(iii) other transportation department 
                        official;
                    ``(C) 1 shall be a representative of a national 
                association of State transportation officials;
                    ``(D) 1 shall be a representative of a national 
                motorcyclist association;
                    ``(E) 1 shall be a representative of a national 
                motorcyclist foundation;
                    ``(F) 1 shall be a representative of a national 
                motorcycle manufacturing association;
                    ``(G) 1 shall be a roadway safety data expert with 
                expertise relating to crash testing and analysis; and
                    ``(H) 1 shall be a member of a national safety 
                organization that represents the traffic safety systems 
                industry.
            ``(2) Term.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraphs (B) and 
                (C), each member shall serve on the Council for a 
                single term of 2 years.
                    ``(B) Additional term.--If a successor is not 
                appointed for a member of the Council before the 
                expiration of the term of service of the member, the 
                member may serve on the Council for a second term of 
                not longer than 2 years.
                    ``(C) Appointment of replacements.--If a member of 
                the Council resigns before the expiration of the 2-year 
                term of service of the member--
                            ``(i) the Secretary may appoint a 
                        replacement for the member, who shall serve the 
                        remaining portion of the term; and
                            ``(ii) the resigning member may continue to 
                        serve after resignation until the date on which 
                        a successor is appointed.
            ``(3) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Council shall be filled 
        in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
            ``(4) Compensation.--A member of the Council shall serve 
        without compensation.
    ``(c) Duties.--
            ``(1) Advising.--The Council shall advise the Secretary, 
        the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety 
        Administration, and the Administrator of the Federal Highway 
        Administration regarding transportation safety issues of 
        concern to motorcyclists, including--
                    ``(A) motorcycle and motorcyclist safety;
                    ``(B) barrier and road design, construction, and 
                maintenance practices; and
                    ``(C) the architecture and implementation of 
                intelligent transportation system technologies.
            ``(2) Biennial report.--Not later than October 31 of the 
        calendar year following the calendar year in which the Council 
        is established, and not less frequently than once every 2 years 
        thereafter, the Council shall submit to the Secretary a report 
        containing recommendations of the Council regarding the issues 
        described in paragraph (1).
    ``(d) Duties of Secretary.--
            ``(1) Council recommendations.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall determine 
                whether to accept or reject a recommendation contained 
                in a report of the Council under subsection (c)(2).
                    ``(B) Inclusion in review.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        indicate in each review under paragraph (2) 
                        whether the Secretary accepts or rejects each 
                        recommendation of the Council covered by the 
                        review.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--The Secretary may 
                        indicate in a review under paragraph (2) that a 
                        recommendation of the Council is under 
                        consideration, subject to the condition that a 
                        recommendation so under consideration shall be 
                        accepted or rejected by the Secretary in the 
                        subsequent review of the Secretary under 
                        paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Review.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the 
                date on which the Secretary receives a report from the 
                Council under subsection (c)(2), the Secretary shall 
                submit a review describing the response of the 
                Secretary to the recommendations of the Council 
                contained in the Council report to--
                            ``(i) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
                        and Transportation of the Senate;
                            ``(ii) the Committee on Environment and 
                        Public Works of the Senate;
                            ``(iii) the Subcommittee on Transportation, 
                        Housing and Urban Development, and Related 
                        Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of 
                        the Senate;
                            ``(iv) the Committee on Transportation and 
                        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; 
                        and
                            ``(v) the Subcommittee on Transportation, 
                        Housing and Urban Development, and Related 
                        Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of 
                        the House of Representatives.
                    ``(B) Contents.--A review of the Secretary under 
                this paragraph shall include a description of--
                            ``(i) each recommendation contained in the 
                        Council report covered by the review; and
                            ``(ii)(I) each recommendation of the 
                        Council that was categorized under paragraph 
                        (1)(B)(ii) as being under consideration by the 
                        Secretary in the preceding review submitted 
                        under this paragraph; and
                            ``(II) for each such recommendation, 
                        whether the recommendation--
                                    ``(aa) is accepted or rejected by 
                                the Secretary; or
                                    ``(bb) remains under consideration 
                                by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Administrative and technical support.--The Secretary 
        shall provide to the Council such administrative support, 
        staff, and technical assistance as the Secretary determines to 
        be necessary to carry out the duties of the Council under this 
        section.
    ``(e) Termination.--The Council shall terminate on the date that is 
6 years after the date on which the Council is established under 
subsection (a).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for subchapter III of chapter 
3 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 354 the following:

``355. Motorcyclist Advisory Council.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 1426 of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 101 note; 
        Public Law 114-94) is repealed.
            (2) The table of contents for the FAST Act (Public Law 114-
        94; 129 Stat. 1313) is amended by striking the item relating to 
        section 1426.

SEC. 4112. SAFE STREETS AND ROADS FOR ALL GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Comprehensive safety action plan.--The term 
        ``comprehensive safety action plan'' means a plan aimed at 
        preventing transportation-related fatalities and serious 
        injuries in a locality, commonly referred to as a ``Vision 
        Zero'' or ``Toward Zero Deaths'' plan, that may include--
                    (A) a goal and timeline for eliminating fatalities 
                and serious injuries;
                    (B) an analysis of the location and severity of 
                vehicle-involved crashes in a locality;
                    (C) an analysis of community input, gathered 
                through public outreach and education;
                    (D) a data-driven approach to identify projects or 
                strategies to prevent fatalities and serious injuries 
                in a locality, such as those involving--
                            (i) education and community outreach;
                            (ii) effective methods to enforce traffic 
                        laws and regulations;
                            (iii) new vehicle or other transportation-
                        related technologies; and
                            (iv) roadway planning and design; and
                    (E) mechanisms for evaluating the outcomes and 
                effectiveness of the comprehensive safety action plan, 
                including the means by which that effectiveness will be 
                reported to residents in a locality.
            (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) a metropolitan planning organization;
                    (B) a political subdivision of a State;
                    (C) a federally recognized Tribal government; and
                    (D) a multijurisdictional group of entities 
                described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (C).
            (3) Eligible project.--The term ``eligible project'' means 
        a project--
                    (A) to develop a comprehensive safety action plan;
                    (B) to conduct planning, design, and development 
                activities for projects and strategies identified in a 
                comprehensive safety action plan; or
                    (C) to carry out projects and strategies identified 
                in a comprehensive safety action plan.
            (4) Program.--The term ``program'' means the Safe Streets 
        and Roads for All program established under subsection (b).
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish and carry out a 
program, to be known as the Safe Streets and Roads for All program, 
that supports local initiatives to prevent death and serious injury on 
roads and streets, commonly referred to as ``Vision Zero'' or ``Toward 
Zero Deaths'' initiatives.
    (c) Grants.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary 
        may make grants to eligible entities, on a competitive basis, 
        in accordance with this section.
            (2) Limitations.--
                    (A) In general.--Not more than 15 percent of the 
                funds made available to carry out the program for a 
                fiscal year may be awarded to eligible projects in a 
                single State during that fiscal year.
                    (B) Planning grants.--Of the total amount made 
                available to carry out the program for each fiscal 
                year, not less than 40 percent shall be awarded to 
                eligible projects described in subsection (a)(3)(A).
    (d) Selection of Eligible Projects.--
            (1) Solicitation.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        on which amounts are made available to provide grants under the 
        program for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall solicit from 
        eligible entities grant applications for eligible projects in 
        accordance with this section.
            (2) Applications.--
                    (A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
                under the program, an eligible entity shall submit to 
                the Secretary an application in such form and 
                containing such information as the Secretary considers 
                to be appropriate.
                    (B) Requirement.--An application for a grant under 
                this paragraph shall include mechanisms for evaluating 
                the success of applicable eligible projects and 
                strategies.
            (3) Considerations.--In awarding a grant under the program, 
        the Secretary shall take into consideration the extent to which 
        an eligible entity, and each eligible project proposed to be 
        carried out by the eligible entity, as applicable--
                    (A) is likely to significantly reduce or eliminate 
                transportation-related fatalities and serious injuries 
                involving various road users, including pedestrians, 
                bicyclists, public transportation users, motorists, and 
                commercial operators, within the timeframe proposed by 
                the eligible entity;
                    (B) demonstrates engagement with a variety of 
                public and private stakeholders;
                    (C) seeks to adopt innovative technologies or 
                strategies to promote safety;
                    (D) employs low-cost, high-impact strategies that 
                can improve safety over a wider geographical area;
                    (E) ensures, or will ensure, equitable investment 
                in the safety needs of underserved communities in 
                preventing transportation-related fatalities and 
                injuries;
                    (F) includes evidence-based projects or strategies; 
                and
                    (G) achieves such other conditions as the Secretary 
                considers to be necessary.
            (4) Transparency.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall evaluate, 
                through a methodology that is discernible and 
                transparent to the public, the means by, and extent to, 
                which each application under the program addresses any 
                applicable merit criteria established by the Secretary.
                    (B) Publication.--The methodology under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be published by the Secretary as 
                part of the notice of funding opportunity under the 
                program.
    (e) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of an eligible 
project carried out using a grant provided under the program shall not 
exceed 80 percent.
    (f) Funding.--
            (1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this section $200,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, to remain available for 
        a period of 3 fiscal years following the fiscal year for which 
        the amounts are appropriated.
            (2) Administrative expenses.--Of the amounts made available 
        to carry out the program for a fiscal year, the Secretary may 
        retain not more than 2 percent for the administrative expenses 
        of the program.
            (3) Availability to eligible entities.--Amounts made 
        available under a grant under the program shall remain 
        available for use by the applicable eligible entity until the 
        date that is 5 years after the date on which the grant is 
        provided.
    (g) Data Submission.--
            (1) In general.--As a condition of receiving a grant under 
        this program, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary, 
        on a regular basis as established by the Secretary, data, 
        information, or analyses collected or conducted in accordance 
        with subsection (d)(3).
            (2) Form.--The data, information, and analyses under 
        paragraph (1) shall be submitted in such form such manner as 
        may be prescribed by the Secretary.
    (h) Reports.--Not later than 4 years after the date on which an 
eligible entity receives a grant under the program, the eligible entity 
shall submit to the Secretary a report that describes--
            (1) the costs of each eligible project carried out using 
        the grant;
            (2) the outcomes and benefits that each such eligible 
        project has generated, as--
                    (A) identified in the grant application of the 
                eligible entity; and
                    (B) measured by data, to the maximum extent 
                practicable; and
            (3) the lessons learned and any recommendations relating to 
        future projects or strategies to prevent death and serious 
        injury on roads and streets.
    (i) Best Practices.--Based on the information submitted by eligible 
entities under subsection (g), the Secretary shall--
            (1) periodically post on a publicly available website best 
        practices and lessons learned for preventing transportation-
        related fatalities and serious injuries pursuant to strategies 
        or interventions implemented under the program; and
            (2) evaluate and incorporate, as appropriate, the 
        effectiveness of strategies and interventions implemented under 
        the program for the purpose of enriching revisions to the 
        document entitled ``Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety 
        Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Ninth 
        Edition'' and numbered DOT HS 812 478 (or any successor 
        document).

SEC. 4113. IMPLEMENTATION OF GAO RECOMMENDATIONS.

    (a) Next Generation 911.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall implement the 
        recommendations of the Comptroller General of the United States 
        contained in the report entitled ``Next Generation 911: 
        National 911 Program Could Strengthen Efforts to Assist 
        States'', numbered GAO-18-252, and dated January 1, 2018, by 
        requiring that the Administrator of the National Highway 
        Traffic Safety Administration, in collaboration with the 
        appropriate Federal agencies, shall determine the roles and 
        responsibilities of the Federal agencies participating in the 
        initiative entitled ``National NG911 Roadmap initiative'' to 
        carry out the national-level tasks with respect which each 
        agency has jurisdiction.
            (2) Implementation plan.--The Administrator of the National 
        Highway Traffic Safety Administration shall develop an 
        implementation plan to support the completion of national-level 
        tasks under the National NG911 Roadmap initiative.
    (b) Pedestrian and Cyclists Information and Enhanced Performance 
Management.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall implement the 
        recommendations of the Comptroller General of the United States 
        contained in the report entitled ``Pedestrians and Cyclists: 
        Better Information to States and Enhanced Performance 
        Management Could Help DOT Improve Safety'', numbered GAO-21-
        405, and dated May 20, 2021, by--
                    (A) carrying out measures to collect information 
                relating to the range of countermeasures implemented by 
                States;
                    (B) analyzing that information to help advance 
                knowledge regarding the effectiveness of those 
                countermeasures; and
                    (C) sharing with States any results.
            (2) Performance management practices.--The Administrator of 
        the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shall use 
        performance management practices to guide pedestrian and 
        cyclist safety activities by--
                    (A) developing performance measures for the 
                Administration and program offices responsible for 
                implementing pedestrian and cyclist safety activities 
                to demonstrate the means by which those activities 
                contribute to safety goals; and
                    (B) using performance information to make any 
                necessary changes to advance pedestrian and cyclist 
                safety efforts.

                       Subtitle B--Vehicle Safety

SEC. 4201. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out chapter 301, and part C of subtitle VI, of title 49, United States 
Code--
            (1) $200,294,333 for fiscal year 2022;
            (2) $204,300,219 for fiscal year 2023;
            (3) $208,386,224 for fiscal year 2024;
            (4) $212,553,948 for fiscal year 2025; and
            (5) $216,805,027 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 4202. RECALL COMPLETION.

    (a) Reports on Recall Campaigns.--Section 30118 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Reports on Notification Campaigns.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each manufacturer that is conducting a 
        campaign under subsection (b) or (c) or any other provision of 
        law (including regulations) to notify manufacturers, 
        distributors, owners, purchasers, or dealers of a defect or 
        noncompliance shall submit to the Administrator of the National 
        Highway Traffic Safety Administration--
                    ``(A) by the applicable date described in section 
                573.7(d) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or a 
                successor regulation), a quarterly report describing 
                the campaign for each of 8 consecutive quarters, 
                beginning with the quarter in which the campaign was 
                initiated; and
                    ``(B) an annual report for each of the 3 years 
                beginning after the date of completion of the last 
                quarter for which a quarterly report is submitted under 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Requirements.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        subsection, each report under this subsection shall comply with 
        the requirements of section 573.7 of title 49, Code of Federal 
        Regulations (or a successor regulation).''.
    (b) Recall Completion Rates.--Section 30120 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Recall Completion Rates.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator of the National 
        Highway Traffic Safety Administration shall publish an annual 
        list of recall completion rates for each recall campaign for 
        which 8 quarterly reports have been submitted under subsection 
        (f) of section 30118 as of the date of publication of the list.
            ``(2) Requirements.--The annual list under paragraph (1) 
        shall include--
                    ``(A) for each applicable campaign--
                            ``(i) the total number of vehicles subject 
                        to recall; and
                            ``(ii) the percentage of vehicles that have 
                        been remedied; and
                    ``(B) for each manufacturer submitting an 
                applicable quarterly report under section 30118(f)--
                            ``(i) the total number of recalls issued by 
                        the manufacturer during the year covered by the 
                        list;
                            ``(ii) the estimated number of vehicles of 
                        the manufacturer subject to recall during the 
                        year covered by the list; and
                            ``(iii) the percentage of vehicles that 
                        have been remedied.''.

SEC. 4203. RECALL ENGAGEMENT.

    (a) Recall Repair.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall--
            (1) conduct a study to determine--
                    (A) the reasons why vehicle owners do not have 
                repairs performed for vehicles subject to open recalls; 
                and
                    (B) whether engagement by third parties, including 
                State and local governments, insurance companies, or 
                other entities, could increase the rate at which 
                vehicle owners have repairs performed for vehicles 
                subject to open recalls; and
            (2) submit to Congress a report describing the results of 
        the study under paragraph (1), including any recommendations 
        for increasing the rate of repair for vehicles subject to open 
        recalls.
    (b) Ridesharing.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall--
            (1) conduct a study to determine the number of passenger 
        motor vehicles in each State that--
                    (A) are used by transportation network companies 
                for for-hire purposes, such as ridesharing; and
                    (B) have 1 or more open recalls; and
            (2) submit to Congress a report describing the results of 
        the study under paragraph (1).
    (c) NHTSA Study and Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National Highway 
Traffic Safety Administration shall--
            (1) conduct a study to determine the ways in which vehicle 
        recall notices could--
                    (A) more effectively reach vehicle owners;
                    (B) be made easier for all consumers to understand; 
                and
                    (C) incentivize vehicle owners to complete the 
                repairs described in the recall notices; and
            (2) submit to Congress a report describing the results of 
        the study under paragraph (1), including any recommendations 
        for--
                    (A) increasing the rate of repair for vehicles 
                subject to open recalls; or
                    (B) any regulatory or statutory legislative changes 
                that would facilitate an increased rate of repair.

SEC. 4204. MOTOR VEHICLE SEAT BACK SAFETY STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, subject to subsection (b), the Secretary shall issue an 
advanced notice of proposed rulemaking to update section 571.207 of 
title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Compliance Date.--If the Secretary determines that a final rule 
is appropriate consistent with the considerations described in section 
30111(b) of title 49, United States Code, in issuing a final rule 
pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a date for 
required compliance with the final rule of not later than 2 motor 
vehicle model years after the model year during which the effective 
date of the final rule occurs.

SEC. 4205. AUTOMATIC SHUTOFF.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Key.--The term ``key'' has the meaning given the term 
        in section 571.114 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
        a successor regulation).
            (2) Manufacturer.--The term ``manufacturer'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 30102(a) of title 49, United 
        States Code.
            (3) Motor vehicle.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``motor vehicle'' has the 
                meaning given the term in section 30102(a) of title 49, 
                United States Code.
                    (B) Exclusions.--The term ``motor vehicle'' does 
                not include--
                            (i) a motorcycle or trailer (as those terms 
                        are defined in section 571.3 of title 49, Code 
                        of Federal Regulations (or a successor 
                        regulation));
                            (ii) any motor vehicle with a gross vehicle 
                        weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds;
                            (iii) a battery electric vehicle; or
                            (iv) a motor vehicle that requires extended 
                        periods with the engine in idle to operate in 
                        service mode or to operate equipment, such as 
                        an emergency vehicle (including a police 
                        vehicle, an ambulance, or a tow vehicle) and a 
                        commercial-use vehicle (including a 
                        refrigeration vehicle).
    (b) Automatic Shutoff Systems for Motor Vehicles.--
            (1) Final rule.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                issue a final rule amending section 571.114 of title 
                49, Code of Federal Regulations, to require 
                manufacturers to install in each motor vehicle that is 
                equipped with a keyless ignition device and an internal 
                combustion engine a device or system to automatically 
                shutoff the motor vehicle after the motor vehicle has 
                idled for the period described in subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Description of period.--
                            (i) In general.--The period referred to in 
                        subparagraph (A) is the period designated by 
                        the Secretary as necessary to prevent, to the 
                        maximum extent practicable, carbon monoxide 
                        poisoning.
                            (ii) Different periods.--The Secretary may 
                        designate different periods under clause (i) 
                        for different types of motor vehicles, 
                        depending on the rate at which the motor 
                        vehicle emits carbon monoxide, if--
                                    (I) the Secretary determines a 
                                different period is necessary for a 
                                type of motor vehicle for purposes of 
                                section 30111 of title 49, United 
                                States Code; and
                                    (II) requiring a different period 
                                for a type of motor vehicle is 
                                consistent with the prevention of 
                                carbon monoxide poisoning.
            (2) Deadline.--Unless the Secretary finds good cause to 
        phase-in or delay implementation, the rule issued pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall take effect on September 1 of the first 
        calendar year beginning after the date on which the Secretary 
        issues the rule.

SEC. 4206. PETITIONS BY INTERESTED PERSONS FOR STANDARDS AND 
              ENFORCEMENT.

    Section 30162 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``The petition'' and 
        inserting ``A petition under this section'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``the petition'' and 
        inserting ``a petition under this section''; and
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the third sentence, by striking ``If a 
                petition'' and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Denial.--If a petition under this section'';
                    (B) in the second sentence, by striking ``If a 
                petition is granted'' and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Approval.--If a petition under this section is 
        approved''; and
                    (C) in the first sentence, by striking ``The 
                Secretary shall grant or deny a petition'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall determine whether to 
        approve or deny a petition under this section by''.

SEC. 4207. CHILD SAFETY SEAT ACCESSIBILITY STUDY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with other relevant 
Federal departments and agencies, including the Secretary of 
Agriculture, the Secretary of Education, and the Secretary of Health 
and Human Services, shall conduct a study to review the status of motor 
vehicle child safety seat accessibility for low-income families and 
underserved populations.
    (b) Addressing Needs.--In conducting the study under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall--
            (1) examine the impact of Federal funding provided under 
        section 405 of title 23, United States Code; and
            (2) develop a plan for addressing any needs identified in 
        the study, including by working with social service providers.

SEC. 4208. CRASH AVOIDANCE TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 301 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 30129. Crash avoidance technology
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate 
a rule--
            ``(1) to establish minimum performance standards with 
        respect to crash avoidance technology; and
            ``(2) to require that all motor vehicles manufactured for 
        sale in the United States on or after the compliance date 
        described in subsection (b) shall be equipped with--
                    ``(A) a forward collision warning and automatic 
                emergency braking system that--
                            ``(i) alerts the driver if--
                                    ``(I) the distance to a vehicle 
                                ahead or an object in the path of 
                                travel ahead is closing too quickly; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) a collision is imminent; and
                            ``(ii) automatically applies the brakes if 
                        the driver fails to do so; and
                    ``(B) a lane departure warning and lane-keeping 
                assist system that--
                            ``(i) warns the driver to maintain the lane 
                        of travel; and
                            ``(ii) corrects the course of travel if the 
                        driver fails to do so.
    ``(b) Compliance Date.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
determine the appropriate effective date, and any phasing-in of 
requirements, of the final rule promulgated pursuant to subsection 
(a).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for subchapter II of chapter 
301 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``30129. Crash avoidance technology.''.

SEC. 4209. REDUCTION OF DRIVER DISTRACTION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct research regarding the 
installation and use on motor vehicles of driver monitoring systems to 
minimize or eliminate--
            (1) driver distraction;
            (2) driver disengagement;
            (3) automation complacency by drivers; and
            (4) foreseeable misuse of advanced driver-assist systems.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of completion 
of the research under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a 
detailed report describing the findings of the research.
    (c) Rulemaking.--
            (1) In general.--If, based on the research completed under 
        subsection (a), the Secretary determines that--
                    (A) 1 or more additional rulemakings are necessary 
                to ensure safety, in accordance with the section 30111 
                of title 49, United States Code, the Secretary shall 
                initiate the rulemakings by not later than 2 years 
                after the date of submission of the report under 
                subsection (b); and
                    (B) an additional rulemaking is not necessary, or 
                an additional rulemaking cannot meet the applicable 
                requirements and considerations described in 
                subsections (a) and (b) of section 30111 of title 49, 
                United States Code, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
                the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of 
                the House of Representatives a report describing the 
                reasons for not prescribing additional Federal motor 
                vehicle safety standards regarding the research 
                conducted under subsection (a).
            (2) Privacy.--A rule issued pursuant to paragraph (1) shall 
        incorporate appropriate privacy and data security safeguards, 
        as determined by the Secretary.

SEC. 4210. RULEMAKING REPORT.

    (a) Definition of Covered Rulemaking.--In this section, the term 
``covered rulemaking'' means a regulation or rulemaking that--
            (1) has not been finalized by the date on which the 
        relevant notification is submitted under subsection (b); and
            (2) relates to--
                    (A) section 30120A of title 49, United States Code;
                    (B) section 30166(o) of title 49, United States 
                Code;
                    (C) section 30172 of title 49, United States Code;
                    (D) section 32302(c) of title 49, United States 
                Code;
                    (E) a defect reporting requirement under section 
                32302(d) of title 49, United States Code;
                    (F) subsections (b) and (c) of section 32304A of 
                title 49, United States Code;
                    (G) the tire pressure monitoring standards required 
                under section 24115 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 30123 
                note; Public Law 114-94);
                    (H) the amendment made by section 24402 of the FAST 
                Act (129 Stat. 1720; Public Law 114-94) to section 
                30120(g)(1) of title 49, United States Code;
                    (I) the records retention rule required under 
                section 24403 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 30117 note; 
                Public Law 114-94);
                    (J) the amendments made by section 24405 of the 
                FAST Act (Public Law 114-94; 129 Stat. 1721) to section 
                30114 of title 49, United States Code;
                    (K) a defect and noncompliance notification 
                required under--
                            (i) section 24104 of the FAST Act (49 
                        U.S.C. 30119 note; Public Law 114-94); or
                            (ii) section 31301 of MAP-21 (49 U.S.C. 
                        30166 note; Public Law 112-141);
                    (L) a side impact or frontal impact test procedure 
                for child restraint systems under section 31501 of MAP-
                21 (49 U.S.C. 30127 note; Public Law 112-141);
                    (M) an upgrade to child restraint anchorage system 
                usability requirements required under section 31502 of 
                MAP-21 (49 U.S.C. 30127 note; Public Law 112-141);
                    (N) the rear seat belt reminder system required 
                under section 31503 of MAP-21 (49 U.S.C. 30127 note; 
                Public Law 112-141);
                    (O) a motorcoach rulemaking required under section 
                32703 of MAP-21 (49 U.S.C. 31136 note; Public Law 112-
                141); or
                    (P) any rulemaking required under this Act.
    (b) Notification.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than biannually 
thereafter until the applicable covered rulemaking is complete, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives a written notification that includes, 
with respect to each covered rulemaking--
            (1) for a covered rulemaking with a statutory deadline for 
        completion--
                    (A) an explanation of why the deadline was not met; 
                and
                    (B) an expected date of completion of the covered 
                rulemaking; and
            (2) for a covered rulemaking without a statutory deadline 
        for completion, an expected date of completion of the covered 
        rulemaking.
    (c) Additional Contents.--A notification under subsection (b) shall 
include, for each applicable covered rulemaking--
            (1) an updated timeline;
            (2) a list of factors causing delays in the completion of 
        the covered rulemaking; and
            (3) any other details associated with the status of the 
        covered rulemaking.

SEC. 4211. GLOBAL HARMONIZATION.

    The Secretary shall cooperate, to the maximum extent practicable, 
with foreign governments, nongovernmental stakeholder groups, the motor 
vehicle industry, and consumer groups with respect to global 
harmonization of vehicle regulations as a means for improving motor 
vehicle safety.

SEC. 4212. HEADLAMPS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Adaptive driving beam headlamp.--The term ``adaptive 
        driving beam headlamp'' means a headlamp (as defined in 
        Standard 108) that meets the performance requirements specified 
        in SAE International Standard J3069, published on June 30, 
        2016.
            (2) Standard 108.--The term ``Standard 108'' means Federal 
        Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Number 108, contained in section 
        571.108 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect 
        on the date of enactment of this Act).
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule amending Standard 
108--
            (1) to include performance-based standards for vehicle 
        headlamp systems--
                    (A) to ensure that headlights are correctly aimed 
                on the road; and
                    (B) requiring those systems to be tested on-vehicle 
                to account for headlight height and lighting 
                performance; and
            (2) to allow for the use on vehicles of adaptive driving 
        beam headlamp systems.
    (c) Periodic Review.--Nothing in this section precludes the 
Secretary from--
            (1) reviewing Standard 108, as amended pursuant to 
        subsection (b); and
            (2) revising Standard 108 to reflect an updated version of 
        SAE International Standard J3069, as the Secretary determines 
        to be--
                    (A) appropriate; and
                    (B) in accordance with section 30111 of title 49, 
                United States Code.

SEC. 4213. NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) Updates.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall finalize the proceeding for which 
comments were requested in the notice entitled ``New Car Assessment 
Program'' (80 Fed. Reg. 78522 (December 16, 2015)) to update the 
passenger motor vehicle information required under section 32302(a) of 
title 49, United States Code.
    (b) Information Program.--Section 32302 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by inserting ``(referred to in this section as the 
        `Secretary')'' after ``of Transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Advanced Crash-Avoidance Technologies.--
            ``(1) Notice.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall publish a 
        notice, for purposes of public review and comment, to 
        establish, distinct from crashworthiness information, a means 
        for providing to consumers information relating to advanced 
        crash-avoidance technologies, in accordance with subsection 
        (a).
            ``(2) Inclusions.--The notice under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) an appropriate methodology for--
                            ``(i) determining which advanced crash-
                        avoidance technologies shall be included in the 
                        information;
                            ``(ii) developing performance test criteria 
                        for use by manufacturers in evaluating advanced 
                        crash avoidance technologies;
                            ``(iii) determining a distinct rating 
                        involving each advanced crash-avoidance 
                        technology to be included; and
                            ``(iv) updating overall vehicle ratings to 
                        incorporate advanced crash-avoidance technology 
                        ratings; and
                    ``(B) such other information and analyses as the 
                Secretary determines to be necessary to implement the 
                rating of advanced crash-avoidance technologies.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives a report that describes a plan for implementing 
        an advanced crash-avoidance technology information and rating 
        system, in accordance with subsection (a).
    ``(f) Vulnerable Road User Safety.--
            ``(1) Notice.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall publish a 
        notice, for purposes of public review and comment, to establish 
        a means for providing to consumers information relating to 
        pedestrian, bicyclist, or other vulnerable road user safety 
        technologies, in accordance with subsection (a).
            ``(2) Inclusions.--The notice under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) an appropriate methodology for--
                            ``(i) determining which technologies shall 
                        be included in the information;
                            ``(ii) developing performance test criteria 
                        for use by manufacturers in evaluating the 
                        extent to which automated pedestrian safety 
                        systems in light vehicles attempt to prevent 
                        and mitigate, to the best extent possible, 
                        pedestrian injury;
                            ``(iii) determining a distinct rating 
                        involving each technology to be included; and
                            ``(iv) updating overall vehicle ratings to 
                        incorporate vulnerable road user safety 
                        technology ratings; and
                    ``(B) such other information and analyses as the 
                Secretary determines to be necessary to implement the 
                rating of vulnerable road user safety technologies.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives a report that describes a plan for implementing 
        an information and rating system for vulnerable road user 
        safety technologies, in accordance with subsection (a).''.
    (c) Roadmap.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 323 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 32310. New Car Assessment Program roadmap
    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this section, and not less frequently than once every 4 
years thereafter, the Secretary of Transportation (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall establish a roadmap for the 
implementation of the New Car Assessment Program of the National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
    ``(b) Requirements.--A roadmap under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) cover a term of 10 years, consisting of--
                    ``(A) a mid-term component covering the initial 5 
                years of the term; and
                    ``(B) a long-term component covering the final 5 
                years of the term; and
            ``(2) be in accordance with--
                    ``(A) section 306 of title 5;
                    ``(B) section 1115 of title 31;
                    ``(C) section 24401 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 105 
                note; Public Law 114-94); and
                    ``(D) any other relevant plans of the National 
                Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
    ``(c) Contents.--A roadmap under subsection (a) shall include--
            ``(1) a plan for any changes to the New Car Assessment 
        Program of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
        including--
                    ``(A) descriptions of actions to be carried out to 
                update the passenger motor vehicle information 
                developed under section 32302(a), including the 
                development of test procedures, test devices, test 
                fixtures, and safety performance metrics, which shall, 
                as applicable, incorporate--
                            ``(i) objective criteria for evaluating 
                        safety technologies; and
                            ``(ii) reasonable time periods for 
                        compliance with new or updated tests;
                    ``(B) key milestones, including the anticipated 
                start of an action, completion of an action, and 
                effective date of an update; and
                    ``(C) descriptions of the means by which an update 
                will improve the passenger motor vehicle information 
                developed under section 32302(a);
            ``(2) an identification and prioritization of safety 
        opportunities and technologies--
                    ``(A) with respect to the mid-term component of the 
                roadmap under subsection (b)(1)(A)--
                            ``(i) that are practicable; and
                            ``(ii) for which objective rating tests, 
                        evaluation criteria, and other consumer data 
                        exist for a market-based, consumer information 
                        approach; and
                    ``(B) with respect to the long-term component of 
                the roadmap under subsection (b)(1)(B), exist or are in 
                development;
            ``(3) an identification of--
                    ``(A) any safety opportunity or technology that--
                            ``(i) is identified through the activities 
                        carried out pursuant to subsection (d) or (e); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) is not included in the roadmap under 
                        paragraph (2);
                    ``(B) the reasons why such a safety opportunity or 
                technology is not included in the roadmap; and
                    ``(C) any developments or information that would be 
                necessary for the Secretary to consider including such 
                a safety opportunity or technology in a future roadmap; 
                and
            ``(4) consideration of the benefits of consistency with 
        other rating systems used--
                    ``(A) within the United States; and
                    ``(B) internationally.
    ``(d) Considerations.--Before finalizing a roadmap under this 
section, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) make the roadmap available for public comment;
            ``(2) review any public comments received under paragraph 
        (1); and
            ``(3) incorporate in the roadmap under this section those 
        comments, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
    ``(e) Stakeholder Engagement.--Not less frequently than annually, 
the Secretary shall engage stakeholders that represent a diversity of 
technical backgrounds and viewpoints--
            ``(1) to identify--
                    ``(A) safety opportunities or technologies in 
                development that could be included in future roadmaps; 
                and
                    ``(B) opportunities to benefit from collaboration 
                or harmonization with third-party safety rating 
                programs;
            ``(2) to assist with long-term planning;
            ``(3) to provide an interim update of the status and 
        development of the following roadmap to be established under 
        subsection (a); and
            ``(4) to collect feedback or other information that the 
        Secretary determines to be relevant to enhancing the New Car 
        Assessment Program of the National Highway Traffic Safety 
        Administration.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 323 of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
        the following:

``32310. New Car Assessment Program roadmap.''.

SEC. 4214. HOOD AND BUMPER STANDARDS.

    (a) Notice.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall issue a notice, for purposes of public 
review and comment, regarding potential updates to hood and bumper 
standards for motor vehicles (as defined in section 30102(a) of title 
49, United States Code).
    (b) Inclusions.--The notice under subsection (a) shall include 
information relating to--
            (1) the incorporation or consideration of advanced crash 
        avoidance technology in existing motor vehicle standards;
            (2) the incorporation or consideration of standards or 
        technologies to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities 
        suffered by pedestrians, bicyclists, or other vulnerable road 
        users;
            (3) the development of performance test criteria for use by 
        manufacturers in evaluating advanced crash avoidance 
        technology, including technology relating to vulnerable road 
        user safety;
            (4) potential harmonization with global standards, 
        including United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 
        Regulation Number 42; and
            (5) such other information and analyses as the Secretary 
        determines to be necessary.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report that describes--
            (1) the current status of hood and bumper standards;
            (2) relevant advanced crash avoidance technology;
            (3) actions needed to be carried out to develop performance 
        test criteria; and
            (4) if applicable, a plan for incorporating advanced crash 
        avoidance technology, including technology relating to 
        vulnerable road user safety, in existing standards.

SEC. 4215. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES AND 9-1-1.

    Section 158(a) of the National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 942(a)) is amended by 
striking paragraph (4).

SEC. 4216. EARLY WARNING REPORTING.

    (a) In General.--Section 30166(m)(3) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Settlements.--Notwithstanding any order 
                entered in a civil action restricting the disclosure of 
                information, a manufacturer of a motor vehicle or motor 
                vehicle equipment shall comply with the requirements of 
                this subsection and any regulations promulgated 
                pursuant to this subsection.''.
    (b) Study and Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National Highway 
Traffic Safety Administration shall--
            (1) conduct a study--
                    (A) to evaluate the early warning reporting data 
                submitted under section 30166(m) of title 49, United 
                States Code (including regulations); and
                    (B) to identify improvements, if any, that would 
                enhance the use by the National Highway Traffic 
                Administration of early warning reporting data to 
                enhance safety; and
            (2) submit to the Committee on the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report 
        describing the results of the study under paragraph (1), 
        including any recommendations for regulatory or legislative 
        action.

SEC. 4217. IMPROVED VEHICLE SAFETY DATABASES.

    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 
after consultation with frequent users of publicly available databases, 
the Secretary shall improve public accessibility to information 
relating to the publicly accessible vehicle safety databases of the 
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration by revising the publicly 
accessible vehicle safety databases--
            (1) to improve organization and functionality, including 
        design features such as drop-down menus;
            (2) to allow data from applicable publicly accessible 
        vehicle safety databases to be searched, sorted, aggregated, 
        and downloaded in a manner that--
                    (A) is consistent with the public interest; and
                    (B) facilitates easy use by consumers;
            (3) to provide greater consistency in presentation of 
        vehicle safety issues;
            (4) to improve searchability regarding specific vehicles 
        and issues, which may include the standardization of commonly 
        used search terms; and
            (5) to ensure nonconfidential documents and materials 
        relating to information created or obtained by the National 
        Highway Traffic Safety Administration are made publicly 
        available in a manner that is--
                    (A) timely; and
                    (B) searchable in databases by any element that the 
                Secretary determines to be in the public interest.

SEC. 4218. NATIONAL DRIVER REGISTER ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPEAL.

    (a) In General.--Section 30306 of title 49, United States Code, is 
repealed.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 303 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
30306.

SEC. 4219. RESEARCH ON CONNECTED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY.

    The Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety 
Administration, in collaboration with the head of the Intelligent 
Transportation Systems Joint Program Office and the Administrator of 
the Federal Highway Administration, shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, expand vehicle-to-pedestrian research efforts to 
        ensure that bicyclists and other vulnerable road users will be 
        incorporated into the safe deployment of connected vehicle 
        systems; and
            (2) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, submit to Congress and make publicly available a 
        report describing the findings of the research efforts 
        described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 4220. ADVANCED IMPAIRED DRIVING TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) alcohol-impaired driving fatalities represent 
        approximately \1/3\ of all highway fatalities in the United 
        States each year;
            (2) in 2019, there were 10,142 alcohol-impaired driving 
        fatalities in the United States involving drivers with a blood 
        alcohol concentration level of .08 or higher, and 68 percent of 
        the crashes that resulted in those fatalities involved a driver 
        with a blood alcohol concentration level of .15 or higher;
            (3) the estimated economic cost for alcohol-impaired 
        driving in 2010 was $44,000,000,000;
            (4) according to the Insurance Institute for Highway 
        Safety, advanced drunk and impaired driving prevention 
        technology can prevent more than 9,400 alcohol-impaired driving 
        fatalities annually; and
            (5) to ensure the prevention of alcohol-impaired driving 
        fatalities, advanced drunk and impaired driving prevention 
        technology must be standard equipment in all new passenger 
        motor vehicles.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Advanced drunk and impaired driving prevention 
        technology.--The term ``advanced drunk and impaired driving 
        prevention technology'' means a system that--
                    (A) can--
                            (i) passively monitor the performance of a 
                        driver of a motor vehicle to accurately 
                        identify whether that driver may be impaired; 
                        and
                            (ii) prevent or limit motor vehicle 
                        operation if an impairment is detected;
                    (B) can--
                            (i) passively and accurately detect whether 
                        the blood alcohol concentration of a driver of 
                        a motor vehicle is equal to or greater than the 
                        blood alcohol concentration described in 
                        section 163(a) of title 23, United States Code; 
                        and
                            (ii) prevent or limit motor vehicle 
                        operation if a blood alcohol concentration 
                        above the legal limit is detected; or
                    (C) is a combination of systems described in 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B).
            (2) New.--The term ``new'', with respect to a passenger 
        motor vehicle, means that the passenger motor vehicle--
                    (A) is a new vehicle (as defined in section 37.3 of 
                title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor 
                regulation)); and
                    (B) has not been purchased for purposes other than 
                resale.
            (3) Passenger motor vehicle.--The term ``passenger motor 
        vehicle'' has the meaning given the term in section 32101 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation, acting through the Administrator of the 
        National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
    (c) Advanced Drunk and Impaired Driving Prevention Technology 
Safety Standard.--Subject to subsection (e) and not later than 3 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a 
final rule prescribing a Federal motor vehicle safety standard under 
section 30111 of title 49, United States Code, that requires passenger 
motor vehicles manufactured after the effective date of that standard 
to be equipped with advanced drunk and impaired driving prevention 
technology.
    (d) Requirements.--
            (1) Lead time.--To allow sufficient time for manufacturer 
        compliance, the compliance date of the rule issued under 
        subsection (c) shall be not earlier than 2 years and not more 
        than 3 years after the date on which that rule is issued.
            (2) Technical capability.--Any advanced drunk and impaired 
        driving prevention technology required for new passenger motor 
        vehicles under subsection (c) that measures blood alcohol 
        concentration shall use the blood alcohol concentration 
        described in section 163(a) of title 23, United States Code.
    (e) Timing.--If the Secretary determines that the Federal motor 
vehicle safety standard required under subsection (c) cannot meet the 
requirements and considerations described in subsections (a) and (b) of 
section 30111 of title 49, United States Code, by the applicable date, 
the Secretary--
            (1) may extend the time period to such date as the 
        Secretary determines to be necessary, but not later than the 
        date that is 3 years after the date described in subsection 
        (c); and
            (2) shall, not later than the date described in subsection 
        (c) and not less frequently than annually thereafter until the 
        date on which the rule under that subsection is issued, submit 
        to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
        the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
        House of Representatives a report describing, as of the date of 
        submission of the report--
                    (A) the reasons for not prescribing a Federal motor 
                vehicle safety standard under section 30111 of title 
                49, United States Code, that requires advanced drunk 
                and impaired driving prevention technology in all new 
                passenger motor vehicles;
                    (B) the deployment of advanced drunk and impaired 
                driving prevention technology in vehicles;
                    (C) any information relating to the ability of 
                vehicle manufacturers to include advanced drunk and 
                impaired driving prevention technology in new passenger 
                motor vehicles; and
                    (D) an anticipated timeline for prescribing the 
                Federal motor vehicle safety standard described in 
                subsection (c).

                    TITLE V--RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

SEC. 5001. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM ADVISORY 
              COMMITTEE.

    Section 515(h) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``(referred to in this 
        subsection as the `Advisory Committee')'' after ``an Advisory 
        Committee'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``20 members'' and inserting ``25 members'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (C) in subparagraph (L)--
                            (i) by striking ``utilities,''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting a semicolon;
                    (D) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (L) 
                as subparagraphs (G), (I), (J), (K), (L), (M), (Q), and 
                (R), respectively;
                    (E) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) a representative of a national transit 
                association;
                    ``(F) a representative of a national, State, or 
                local transportation agency or association;'';
                    (F) by inserting after subparagraph (G) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                    ``(H) a private sector developer of intelligent 
                transportation system technologies, which may include 
                emerging vehicle technologies;'';
                    (G) by inserting after subparagraph (M) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                    ``(N) a representative of a labor organization;
                    ``(O) a representative of a mobility-providing 
                entity;
                    ``(P) an expert in traffic management;''; and
                    (H) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(S) an expert in cybersecurity; and
                    ``(T) an automobile manufacturer.'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``section 
                508'' and inserting ``section 6503 of title 49''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        inserting ``programs and'' before ``research''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in clause (iii), by striking 
                        ``research and'' and inserting ``programs, 
                        research, and'';
            (4) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as 
        paragraphs (5) through (7); and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Term.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term of a member of the 
                Advisory Committee shall be 3 years.
                    ``(B) Renewal.--On expiration of the term of a 
                member of the Advisory Committee, the member--
                            ``(i) may be reappointed; or
                            ``(ii) if the member is not reappointed 
                        under clause (i), may serve until a new member 
                        is appointed.
            ``(4) Meetings.--The Advisory Committee--
                    ``(A) shall convene not less frequently than twice 
                each year; and
                    ``(B) may convene with the use of remote video 
                conference technology.''.

SEC. 5002. SMART COMMUNITY RESOURCE CENTER.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Resource center.--The term ``resource center'' means 
        the Smart Community Resource Center established under 
        subsection (b).
            (2) Smart community.--The term ``smart community'' means a 
        community that uses innovative technologies, data, analytics, 
        and other means to improve the community and address local 
        challenges.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall work with the modal 
administrations of the Department and with such other Federal agencies 
and departments as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to make 
available to the public on an Internet website a resource center, to be 
known as the ``Smart Community Resource Center'', that includes a 
compilation of resources or links to resources for States and local 
communities to use in developing and implementing--
            (1) intelligent transportation system programs; or
            (2) smart community transportation programs.
    (c) Inclusions.--The resource center shall include links to--
            (1) existing programs and resources for intelligent 
        transportation system or smart community transportation 
        programs, including technical assistance, education, training, 
        funding, and examples of intelligent transportation systems or 
        smart community transportation programs implemented by States 
        and local communities, available from--
                    (A) the Department;
                    (B) other Federal agencies; and
                    (C) non-Federal sources;
            (2) existing reports or databases with the results of 
        intelligent transportation system or smart community 
        transportation programs;
            (3) any best practices developed or lessons learned from 
        intelligent transportation system or smart community 
        transportation programs; and
            (4) such other resources as the Secretary determines to be 
        appropriate.
    (d) Deadline.--The Secretary shall establish the resource center by 
the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (e) Updates.--The Secretary shall ensure that the resource center 
is updated on a regular basis.

SEC. 5003. FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR LOCAL DECISIONMAKING.

    (a) Local Outreach.--To determine the data analysis tools needed to 
assist local communities in making infrastructure decisions, the 
Director of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics shall perform 
outreach to planning and infrastructure decision-making officials in 
units of local government and other units of government, including a 
geographically diverse group of individuals from--
            (1) States;
            (2) political subdivisions of States;
            (3) cities;
            (4) metropolitan planning organizations;
            (5) regional transportation planning organizations; and
            (6) federally recognized Indian Tribes.
    (b) Work Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, based on the outreach performed under 
        subsection (a), the Director of the Bureau of Transportation 
        Statistics shall submit to the Secretary a work plan for 
        reviewing and updating existing data analysis tools and 
        developing any additional data analysis tools needed to assist 
        local communities with making infrastructure investment 
        decisions.
            (2) Contents.--Based on the needs identified pursuant to 
        the outreach performed under subsection (a), the work plan 
        submitted under paragraph (1) shall include--
                    (A) a description of the data analysis tools 
                identified that would benefit infrastructure decision-
                making by local governments and address the goals 
                described in subsection (c);
                    (B) a review of the datasets that local governments 
                need to effectively use the data analysis tools 
                described in subparagraph (A);
                    (C) an identification of existing or proposed data 
                analysis tools that use publicly available data;
                    (D) the estimated cost of obtaining each dataset 
                described in subparagraph (B);
                    (E) the estimated cost to develop the data analysis 
                tools described in subparagraph (A);
                    (F) a prioritization for the development of data 
                analysis tools described in subparagraph (A); and
                    (G) a determination as to whether it would be 
                appropriate for the Federal Government to develop the 
                data analysis tools described in subparagraph (A).
    (c) Goals.--
            (1) In general.--A data analysis tool created pursuant to 
        the work plan submitted under subsection (b)(1) shall be 
        developed to help inform local communities in making 
        infrastructure investments.
            (2) Specific issues.--A data analysis tool created pursuant 
        to the work plan submitted under subsection (b)(1) shall be 
        intended to help units of local government and other units of 
        government address 1 or more of the following:
                    (A) Improving maintenance of existing assets.
                    (B) Rebuilding infrastructure to a state of good 
                repair.
                    (C) Creating economic development through 
                infrastructure development.
                    (D) Establishing freight plans and infrastructure 
                that connects the community to supply chains.
                    (E) Increasing options for communities that lack 
                access to affordable transportation to improve access 
                to jobs, affordable housing, schools, medical services, 
                foods and other essential community services.
                    (F) Reducing congestion.
                    (G) Improving community resilience to extreme 
                weather events.
                    (H) Any other subject, as the Director determines 
                to be necessary.
    (d) Implementation.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, 
the Secretary shall develop data analysis tools and purchase datasets 
as prioritized in the work plan.
    (e) Coordination.--The Director of the Bureau of Transportation 
Statistics may utilize existing working groups or advisory committees 
to perform the local outreach required under subsection (a).

SEC. 5004. BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS.

    (a) Funding.--In addition to amounts made available from the 
Highway Trust Fund, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary for use by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics for data 
collection and analysis activities $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2026.
    (b) Amendment.--Section 6302(b)(3)(B)(vi) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subclause (V);
            (2) by redesignating subclauses (VI) through (XI) as 
        subclauses (VII) through (XII), respectively; and
            (3) by adding after subclause (IV) the following:
                                    ``(V) employment in the 
                                transportation sector;
                                    ``(VI) the effects of the 
                                transportation system, including 
                                advanced technologies and automation, 
                                on global and domestic economic 
                                competitiveness;''.

SEC. 5005. STRENGTHENING MOBILITY AND REVOLUTIONIZING TRANSPORTATION 
              GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) a State;
                    (B) a political subdivision of a State;
                    (C) a Tribal government;
                    (D) a public transit agency or authority;
                    (E) a public toll authority;
                    (F) a metropolitan planning organization; and
                    (G) a group of 2 or more eligible entities 
                described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (F) 
                applying through a single lead applicant.
            (2) Eligible project.--The term ``eligible project'' means 
        a project described in subsection (e).
            (3) Large community.--The term ``large community'' means a 
        community with a population of not less than 400,000 
        individuals, as determined under the most recent annual 
        estimate of the Bureau of the Census.
            (4) Midsized community.--The term ``midsized community'' 
        means any community that is not a large community or a rural 
        community.
            (5) Regional partnership.--The term ``regional 
        partnership'' means a partnership composed of 2 or more 
        eligible entities located in jurisdictions with a combined 
        population that is equal to or greater than the population of 
        any midsized community.
            (6) Rural community.--The term ``rural community'' means a 
        community that is located in an area that is outside of an 
        urbanized area (as defined in section 5302 of title 49, United 
        States Code).
            (7) SMART grant.--The term ``SMART grant'' means a grant 
        provided to an eligible entity under the Strengthening Mobility 
        and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program established 
        under subsection (b).
    (b) Establishment of Program.--The Secretary shall establish a 
program, to be known as the ``Strengthening Mobility and 
Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program'', under which the 
Secretary shall provide grants to eligible entities to conduct 
demonstration projects focused on advanced smart city or community 
technologies and systems in a variety of communities to improve 
transportation efficiency and safety.
    (c) Distribution.--In determining the projects for which to provide 
a SMART grant, the Secretary shall consider contributions to 
geographical diversity among grant recipients, including the need for 
balancing the needs of rural communities, midsized communities, and 
large communities, consistent with the requirements of subparagraphs 
(A) through (C) of subsection (g)(1).
    (d) Applications.--
            (1) In general.--An eligible entity may submit to the 
        Secretary an application for a SMART grant at such time, in 
        such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary 
        may require.
            (2) Transparency.--The Secretary shall include, in any 
        notice of funding availability relating to SMART grants, a full 
        description of the method by which applications under paragraph 
        (1) will be evaluated.
            (3) Selection criteria.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall evaluate 
                applications for SMART grants based on--
                            (i) the extent to which the eligible entity 
                        or applicable beneficiary community--
                                    (I) has a public transportation 
                                system or other transit options capable 
                                of integration with other systems to 
                                improve mobility and efficiency;
                                    (II) has a population density and 
                                transportation needs conducive to 
                                demonstrating proposed strategies;
                                    (III) has continuity of committed 
                                leadership and the functional capacity 
                                to carry out the proposed project;
                                    (IV) is committed to open data 
                                sharing with the public; and
                                    (V) is likely to successfully 
                                implement the proposed eligible 
                                project, including through technical 
                                and financial commitments from the 
                                public and private sectors; and
                            (ii) the extent to which a proposed 
                        eligible project will use advanced data, 
                        technology, and applications to provide 
                        significant benefits to a local area, a State, 
                        a region, or the United States, including the 
                        extent to which the proposed eligible project 
                        will--
                                    (I) reduce congestion and delays 
                                for commerce and the traveling public;
                                    (II) improve the safety and 
                                integration of transportation 
                                facilities and systems for pedestrians, 
                                bicyclists, and the broader traveling 
                                public;
                                    (III) improve access to jobs, 
                                education, and essential services, 
                                including health care;
                                    (IV) connect or expand access for 
                                underserved or disadvantaged 
                                populations and reduce transportation 
                                costs;
                                    (V) contribute to medium- and long-
                                term economic competitiveness;
                                    (VI) improve the reliability of 
                                existing transportation facilities and 
                                systems;
                                    (VII) promote connectivity between 
                                and among connected vehicles, roadway 
                                infrastructure, pedestrians, 
                                bicyclists, the public, and 
                                transportation systems;
                                    (VIII) incentivize private sector 
                                investments or partnerships, including 
                                by working with mobile and fixed 
                                telecommunication service providers, to 
                                the extent practicable;
                                    (IX) improve energy efficiency or 
                                reduce pollution;
                                    (X) increase the resiliency of the 
                                transportation system; and
                                    (XI) improve emergency response.
                    (B) Priority.--In providing SMART grants, the 
                Secretary shall give priority to applications for 
                eligible projects that would--
                            (i) demonstrate smart city or community 
                        technologies in repeatable ways that can 
                        rapidly be scaled;
                            (ii) encourage public and private sharing 
                        of data and best practices;
                            (iii) encourage private-sector innovation 
                        by promoting industry-driven technology 
                        standards, open platforms, technology-neutral 
                        requirements, and interoperability;
                            (iv) promote a skilled workforce that is 
                        inclusive of minority or disadvantaged groups;
                            (v) allow for the measurement and 
                        validation of the cost savings and performance 
                        improvements associated with the installation 
                        and use of smart city or community technologies 
                        and practices;
                            (vi) encourage the adoption of smart city 
                        or community technologies by communities;
                            (vii) promote industry practices regarding 
                        cybersecurity; and
                            (viii) safeguard individual privacy.
    (e) Use of Grant Funds.--
            (1) Eligible projects.--
                    (A) In general.--A SMART grant may be used to carry 
                out a project that demonstrates at least 1 of the 
                following:
                            (i) Coordinated automation.--The use of 
                        automated transportation and autonomous 
                        vehicles, while working to minimize the impact 
                        on the accessibility of any other user group or 
                        mode of travel.
                            (ii) Connected vehicles.--Vehicles that 
                        send and receive information regarding vehicle 
                        movements in the network and use vehicle-to-
                        vehicle and vehicle-to-everything 
                        communications to provide advanced and reliable 
                        connectivity.
                            (iii) Intelligent, sensor-based 
                        infrastructure.--The deployment and use of a 
                        collective intelligent infrastructure that 
                        allows sensors to collect and report real-time 
                        data to inform everyday transportation-related 
                        operations and performance.
                            (iv) Systems integration.--The integration 
                        of intelligent transportation systems with 
                        other existing systems and other advanced 
                        transportation technologies.
                            (v) Commerce delivery and logistics.--
                        Innovative data and technological solutions 
                        supporting efficient goods movement, such as 
                        connected vehicle probe data, road weather 
                        data, or global positioning data to improve on-
                        time pickup and delivery, improved travel time 
                        reliability, reduced fuel consumption and 
                        emissions, and reduced labor and vehicle 
                        maintenance costs.
                            (vi) Leveraging use of innovative aviation 
                        technology.--Leveraging the use of innovative 
                        aviation technologies, such as unmanned 
                        aircraft systems, to support transportation 
                        safety and efficiencies, including traffic 
                        monitoring and infrastructure inspection.
                            (vii) Smart grid.--Development of a 
                        programmable and efficient energy transmission 
                        and distribution system to support the adoption 
                        or expansion of energy capture, electric 
                        vehicle deployment, or freight or commercial 
                        fleet fuel efficiency.
            (2) Eligible project costs.--A SMART grant may be used 
        for--
                    (A) development phase activities, including--
                            (i) planning;
                            (ii) feasibility analyses;
                            (iii) revenue forecasting;
                            (iv) environmental review;
                            (v) permitting;
                            (vi) preliminary engineering and design 
                        work;
                            (vii) systems development or information 
                        technology work; and
                            (viii) acquisition of real property 
                        (including land and improvements to land 
                        relating to an eligible project); and
                    (B) construction phase activities, including--
                            (i) construction;
                            (ii) reconstruction;
                            (iii) rehabilitation;
                            (iv) replacement;
                            (v) environmental mitigation;
                            (vi) construction contingencies; and
                            (vii) acquisition of equipment, including 
                        vehicles.
            (3) Prohibited uses.--A SMART grant shall not be used--
                    (A) to reimburse any preaward costs or application 
                preparation costs of the SMART grant application;
                    (B) for any traffic or parking enforcement 
                activity; or
                    (C) to purchase or lease a license plate reader.
    (f) Reports.--
            (1) Eligible entities.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        date on which an eligible entity receives a SMART grant, and 
        annually thereafter until the date on which the SMART grant is 
        expended, the eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an 
        implementation report that describes--
                    (A) the deployment and operational costs of each 
                eligible project carried out by the eligible entity, as 
                compared to the benefits and savings from the eligible 
                project; and
                    (B) the means by which each eligible project 
                carried out by the eligible entity has met the original 
                expectation, as projected in the SMART grant 
                application, including--
                            (i) data describing the means by which the 
                        eligible project met the specific goals for the 
                        project, such as--
                                    (I) reducing traffic-related 
                                fatalities and injuries;
                                    (II) reducing traffic congestion or 
                                improved travel-time reliability;
                                    (III) providing the public with 
                                access to real-time integrated traffic, 
                                transit, and multimodal transportation 
                                information to make informed travel 
                                decisions; or
                                    (IV) reducing barriers or improved 
                                access to jobs, education, or various 
                                essential services;
                            (ii) the effectiveness of providing to the 
                        public real-time integrated traffic, transit, 
                        and multimodal transportation information to 
                        make informed travel decisions; and
                            (iii) lessons learned and recommendations 
                        for future deployment strategies to optimize 
                        transportation efficiency and multimodal system 
                        performance.
            (2) GAO.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall conduct, and submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
        Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a report describing the results of, a review of 
        the SMART grant program under this section.
            (3) Secretary.--Not later than 2 years after the date on 
        which the initial SMART grants are provided under this section, 
        the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
        Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a report that--
                    (A) describes each eligible entity that received a 
                SMART grant;
                    (B) identifies the amount of each SMART grant 
                provided;
                    (C) summarizes the intended uses of each SMART 
                grant;
                    (D) describes the effectiveness of recipient 
                eligible entities in meeting the goals described in the 
                SMART grant application of the eligible entity, 
                including an assessment or measurement of the realized 
                improvements or benefits resulting from each SMART 
                grant; and
                    (E) describes lessons learned and recommendations 
                for future deployment strategies to optimize 
                transportation efficiency and multimodal system 
                performance.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary $100,000,000 for each of the first 5 fiscal years 
        beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, of which--
                    (A) not more than 40 percent shall be used to 
                provide SMART grants for eligible projects that 
                primarily benefit large communities;
                    (B) not more than 30 percent shall be provided for 
                eligible projects that primarily benefit midsized 
                communities; and
                    (C) not more than 30 percent shall be used to 
                provide SMART grants for eligible projects that 
                primarily benefit rural communities or regional 
                partnerships.
            (2) Administrative costs.--Of the amounts made available 
        under paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, not more than 2 
        percent shall be used for administrative costs of the Secretary 
        in carrying out this section.
            (3) Limitation.--An eligible entity may not use more than 3 
        percent of the amount of a SMART grant for each fiscal year to 
        achieve compliance with applicable planning and reporting 
        requirements.
            (4) Availability.--The amounts made available for a fiscal 
        year pursuant to this subsection shall be available for 
        obligation during the 2-fiscal-year period beginning on the 
        first day of the fiscal year for which the amounts were 
        appropriated.

SEC. 5006. ELECTRIC VEHICLE WORKING GROUP.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Secretaries.--The term ``Secretaries'' means--
                    (A) the Secretary; and
                    (B) the Secretary of Energy.
            (2) Working group.--The term ``working group'' means the 
        electric vehicle working group established under subsection 
        (b)(1).
    (b) Establishment.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretaries shall jointly establish 
        an electric vehicle working group to make recommendations 
        regarding the development, adoption, and integration of light-, 
        medium-, and heavy-duty electric vehicles into the 
        transportation and energy systems of the United States.
            (2) Membership.--
                    (A) In general.--The working group shall be 
                composed of--
                            (i) the Secretaries (or designees), who 
                        shall be cochairs of the working group; and
                            (ii) not more than 25 members, to be 
                        appointed by the Secretaries, of whom--
                                    (I) not more than 6 shall be 
                                Federal stakeholders as described in 
                                subparagraph (B); and
                                    (II) not more than 19 shall be non-
                                Federal stakeholders as described in 
                                subparagraph (C).
                    (B) Federal stakeholders.--The working group--
                            (i) shall include not fewer than 1 
                        representative of each of--
                                    (I) the Department;
                                    (II) the Department of Energy;
                                    (III) the Environmental Protection 
                                Agency;
                                    (IV) the Council on Environmental 
                                Quality; and
                                    (V) the General Services 
                                Administration; and
                            (ii) may include a representative of any 
                        other Federal agency the Secretaries consider 
                        to be appropriate.
                    (C) Non-federal stakeholders.--
                            (i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        the working group--
                                    (I) shall include not fewer than 1 
                                representative of each of--
                                            (aa) a manufacturer of 
                                        light-duty electric vehicles or 
                                        the relevant components of 
                                        light-duty electric vehicles;
                                            (bb) a manufacturer of 
                                        medium- and heavy-duty vehicles 
                                        or the relevant components of 
                                        medium- and heavy-duty electric 
                                        vehicles;
                                            (cc) a manufacturer of 
                                        electric vehicle batteries;
                                            (dd) an owner, operator, or 
                                        manufacturer of electric 
                                        vehicle charging equipment;
                                            (ee) the public utility 
                                        industry;
                                            (ff) a public utility 
                                        regulator or association of 
                                        public utility regulators;
                                            (gg) the transportation 
                                        fueling distribution industry;
                                            (hh) the energy provider 
                                        industry;
                                            (ii) the automotive dealing 
                                        industry;
                                            (jj) the for-hire passenger 
                                        transportation industry;
                                            (kk) an organization 
                                        representing units of local 
                                        government;
                                            (ll) an organization 
                                        representing regional 
                                        transportation or planning 
                                        agencies;
                                            (mm) an organization 
                                        representing State departments 
                                        of transportation;
                                            (nn) an organization 
                                        representing State departments 
                                        of energy or State energy 
                                        planners;
                                            (oo) the intelligent 
                                        transportation systems and 
                                        technologies industry;
                                            (pp) organized labor;
                                            (qq) the trucking industry;
                                            (rr) Tribal governments; 
                                        and
                                            (ss) the property 
                                        development industry; and
                                    (II) may include a representative 
                                of any other non-Federal stakeholder 
                                that the Secretaries consider to be 
                                appropriate.
                            (ii) Requirement.--The stakeholders 
                        selected under clause (i) shall, in the 
                        aggregate--
                                    (I) consist of individuals with a 
                                balance of backgrounds, experiences, 
                                and viewpoints; and
                                    (II) include individuals that 
                                represent geographically diverse 
                                regions of the United States, including 
                                individuals representing the 
                                perspectives of rural, urban, and 
                                suburban areas.
            (3) Meetings.--
                    (A) In general.--The working group shall meet not 
                less frequently than once every 120 days.
                    (B) Remote participation.--A member of the working 
                group may participate in a meeting of the working group 
                via teleconference or similar means.
            (4) Coordination.--In carrying out the duties of the 
        working group, the working group shall coordinate and consult 
        with any existing Federal interagency working groups on fleet 
        conversion or other similar matters relating to electric 
        vehicles.
    (c) Reports and Strategy on Electric Vehicle Adoption.--
            (1) Working group reports.--The working group shall 
        complete by each of the deadlines described in paragraph (2) a 
        report describing the status of electric vehicle adoption 
        including--
                    (A) a description of the barriers and opportunities 
                to scaling up electric vehicle adoption throughout the 
                United States, including recommendations for issues 
                relating to--
                            (i) consumer behavior;
                            (ii) charging infrastructure needs, 
                        including standardization and cybersecurity;
                            (iii) manufacturing and battery costs, 
                        including the raw material shortages for 
                        batteries and electric motor magnets;
                            (iv) the adoption of electric vehicles for 
                        low- and moderate-income individuals and 
                        underserved communities, including charging 
                        infrastructure access and vehicle purchase 
                        financing;
                            (v) business models for charging personal 
                        electric vehicles outside the home, including 
                        wired and wireless charging;
                            (vi) charging infrastructure permitting and 
                        regulatory issues;
                            (vii) the connections between housing and 
                        transportation costs and emissions;
                            (viii) freight transportation, including 
                        local, port and drayage, regional, and long-
                        haul trucking;
                            (ix) intercity passenger travel;
                            (x) the process by which governments 
                        collect a user fee for the contribution of 
                        electric vehicles to funding roadway 
                        improvements;
                            (xi) State- and local-level policies, 
                        incentives, and zoning efforts;
                            (xii) the installation of highway corridor 
                        signage;
                            (xiii) secondary markets and recycling for 
                        batteries;
                            (xiv) grid capacity and integration;
                            (xv) energy storage; and
                            (xvi) specific regional or local issues 
                        that may not appear to apply throughout the 
                        United States, but may hamper nationwide 
                        adoption or coordination of electric vehicles;
                    (B) examples of successful public and private 
                models and demonstration projects that encourage 
                electric vehicle adoption;
                    (C) an analysis of current efforts to overcome the 
                barriers described in subparagraph (A);
                    (D) an analysis of the estimated costs and benefits 
                of any recommendations of the working group; and
                    (E) any other topics, as determined by the working 
                group.
            (2) Deadlines.--A report under paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted to the Secretaries, the Committees on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation and Appropriations of the Senate 
        and the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives--
                    (A) in the case of the first report, by not later 
                than 18 months after the date on which the working 
                group is established under subsection (b)(1);
                    (B) in the case of the second report, by not later 
                than 2 years after the date on which the first report 
                is required to be submitted under subparagraph (A); and
                    (C) in the case of the third report, by not later 
                than 2 years after the date on which the second report 
                is required to be submitted under subparagraph (B).
            (3) Strategy.--
                    (A) In general.--Based on the reports submitted by 
                the working group under paragraph (1), the Secretaries 
                shall jointly develop, maintain, and update a strategy 
                that describes the means by which the Federal 
                Government, States, units of local government, and 
                industry can--
                            (i) establish quantitative targets for 
                        transportation electrification;
                            (ii) overcome the barriers described in 
                        paragraph (1)(A);
                            (iii) identify areas of opportunity in 
                        research and development to improve battery 
                        manufacturing, mineral mining, recycling costs, 
                        material recovery, fire risks, and battery 
                        performance for electric vehicles;
                            (iv) enhance Federal interagency 
                        coordination to promote electric vehicle 
                        adoption;
                            (v) prepare the workforce for the adoption 
                        of electric vehicles, including through 
                        collaboration with labor unions, educational 
                        institutions, and relevant manufacturers;
                            (vi) expand electric vehicle and charging 
                        infrastructure;
                            (vii) expand knowledge of the benefits of 
                        electric vehicles among the general public;
                            (viii) maintain the global competitiveness 
                        of the United States in the electric vehicle 
                        and charging infrastructure markets;
                            (ix) provide clarity in regulations to 
                        improve national uniformity with respect to 
                        electric vehicles; and
                            (x) ensure the sustainable integration of 
                        electric vehicles into the national electric 
                        grid.
                    (B) Notice and comment.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretaries shall provide public 
                notice and opportunity for comment on the strategy 
                described in that subparagraph.
            (4) Information.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretaries may enter into an 
                agreement with the Transportation Research Board of the 
                National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
                Medicine to provide, track, or report data, 
                information, or research to assist the working group in 
                carrying out paragraph (1).
                    (B) Use of existing information.--In developing a 
                report under paragraph (1) or a strategy under 
                paragraph (3), the Secretaries and the working group 
                shall take into consideration existing Federal, State, 
                local, private sector, and academic data and 
                information relating to electric vehicles and, to the 
                maximum extent practicable, coordinate with the 
                entities that publish that information--
                            (i) to prevent duplication of efforts by 
                        the Federal Government; and
                            (ii) to leverage existing information and 
                        complementary efforts.
    (d) Coordination.--To the maximum extent practicable, the 
Secretaries and the working group shall carry out this section using 
all available existing resources, websites, and databases of Federal 
agencies, such as--
            (1) the Alternative Fuels Data Center;
            (2) the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems program; and
            (3) the Clean Cities Coalition Network.

SEC. 5007. RISK AND SYSTEM RESILIENCE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with appropriate 
Federal, State, and local agencies, shall develop a process for 
quantifying annual risk in order to increase system resilience with 
respect to the surface transportation system of the United States by 
measuring--
            (1) resilience to threat probabilities by type of hazard 
        and geographical location;
            (2) resilience to asset vulnerabilities with respect to 
        each applicable threat; and
            (3) anticipated consequences from each applicable threat to 
        each asset.
    (b) Use by State, Regional, Tribal, and Local Entities.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide the process 
        developed under subsection (a) to State departments of 
        transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, Indian 
        Tribes, local governments, and other relevant entities.
            (2) Guidance and technical assistance.--The Secretary shall 
        provide to the entities described in paragraph (1) guidance and 
        technical assistance on the use of the process referred to in 
        that paragraph.
    (c) Research.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) identify and support fundamental research to 
                develop a framework and quantitative models to support 
                compilation of information for risk-based analysis of 
                transportation assets by standardizing the basis for 
                quantifying annual risk and increasing system 
                resilience; and
                    (B) build on existing resilience research, 
                including studies conducted by--
                            (i) the Transportation Research Board of 
                        the National Academies of Sciences, 
                        Engineering, and Medicine; and
                            (ii) the National Institute of Standards 
                        and Technology.
            (2) Use of existing facilities.--In carrying out paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary shall use existing research facilities 
        available to the Secretary, including the Turner-Fairbank 
        Highway Research Center and University Transportation Centers 
        established under section 5505 of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 5008. COORDINATION ON EMERGING TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 3 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 313. Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology 
              Council
    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation (referred to 
in this section as the `Secretary') shall establish a council, to be 
known as the `Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology 
Council' (referred to in this section as the `Council'), to address 
coordination on emerging technology issues across all modes of 
transportation.
    ``(b) Membership.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Council shall be composed of--
                    ``(A) the Secretary, who shall serve as an ex 
                officio member of the Council;
                    ``(B) the Deputy Secretary of Transportation;
                    ``(C) the Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                Policy;
                    ``(D) the Assistant Secretary for Research and 
                Technology of the Department of Transportation;
                    ``(E) the Assistant Secretary for Budget and 
                Programs of the Department of Transportation;
                    ``(F) the General Counsel of the Department of 
                Transportation;
                    ``(G) the Chief Information Officer of the 
                Department of Transportation;
                    ``(H) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration;
                    ``(I) the Administrator of the Federal Highway 
                Administration;
                    ``(J) the Administrator of the Federal Motor 
                Carrier Safety Administration;
                    ``(K) the Administrator of the Federal Railroad 
                Administration;
                    ``(L) the Administrator of the Federal Transit 
                Administration;
                    ``(M) the Administrator of the Maritime 
                Administration;
                    ``(N) the Administrator of the National Highway 
                Traffic Safety Administration;
                    ``(O) the Administrator of the Pipeline and 
                Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; and
                    ``(P) any other official of the Department of 
                Transportation, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Chair and vice chair.--
                    ``(A) Chair.--The Deputy Secretary of 
                Transportation (or a designee) shall serve as Chair of 
                the Council.
                    ``(B) Vice chair.--The Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Policy (or a designee) shall serve 
                as Vice Chair of the Council.
    ``(c) Duties.--The Council shall--
            ``(1) identify and resolve jurisdictional and regulatory 
        gaps or inconsistencies associated with nontraditional and 
        emerging transportation technologies, modes, or projects 
        pending or brought before the Department of Transportation to 
        reduce, to the maximum extent practicable, impediments to the 
        prompt and safe deployment of new and innovative transportation 
        technology, including with respect to--
                    ``(A) safety oversight;
                    ``(B) environmental review; and
                    ``(C) funding and financing issues;
            ``(2) coordinate the response of the Department of 
        Transportation to nontraditional and emerging transportation 
        technology projects;
            ``(3) engage with stakeholders in nontraditional and 
        emerging transportation technology projects; and
            ``(4) develop and establish Department of Transportation-
        wide processes, solutions, and best practices for identifying 
        and managing nontraditional and emerging transportation 
        technology projects.
    ``(d) Best Practices.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Council shall--
            ``(1) publish initial guidelines to achieve the purposes 
        described in subsection (c)(4); and
            ``(2) promote each modal administration within the 
        Department of Transportation to further test and support the 
        advancement of nontraditional and emerging transportation 
        technologies not specifically considered by the Council.
    ``(e) Support.--The Office of the Secretary shall provide support 
for the Council.
    ``(f) Meetings.--The Council shall meet not less frequently than 4 
times per year, at the call of the Chair.
    ``(g) Lead Modal Administration.--For each nontraditional or 
emerging transportation technology, mode, or project associated with a 
jurisdictional or regulatory gap or inconsistency identified under 
subsection (c)(1), the Chair of the Council shall--
            ``(1) designate a lead modal administration of the 
        Department of Transportation for review of the technology, 
        mode, or project; and
            ``(2) arrange for the detailing of staff between modal 
        administrations or offices of the Department of Transportation 
        as needed to maximize the sharing of experience and expertise.
    ``(h) Transparency.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
establishment of the Council, and not less frequently than annually 
thereafter until December 31, 2026, the Council shall post on a 
publicly accessible website a report describing the activities of the 
Council during the preceding calendar year.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for subchapter I of chapter 3 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``313. Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology 
                            Council.''.

SEC. 5009. INTERAGENCY INFRASTRUCTURE PERMITTING IMPROVEMENT CENTER.

    (a) In General.--Section 102 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``(referred to in this 
        section as the `Department')'' after ``Transportation'';
            (2) in subsection (b), in the first sentence, by inserting 
        ``(referred to in this section as the `Secretary')'' after 
        ``Transportation'';
            (3) in subsection (f)(1), by striking ``of Transportation'' 
        each place it appears;
            (4) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
            (5) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
    ``(h) Interagency Infrastructure Permitting Improvement Center.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Center.--The term `Center' means the 
                Interagency Infrastructure Permitting Improvement 
                Center established by paragraph (2).
                    ``(B) Project.--The term `project' means a project 
                authorized or funded under--
                            ``(i) this title; or
                            ``(ii) title 14, 23, 46, or 51.
            ``(2) Establishment.--There is established within the 
        Office of the Secretary a center, to be known as the 
        `Interagency Infrastructure Permitting Improvement Center'.
            ``(3) Purposes.--The purposes of the Center shall be--
                    ``(A) to implement reforms to improve interagency 
                coordination and expedite projects relating to the 
                permitting and environmental review of major 
                transportation infrastructure projects, including--
                            ``(i) developing and deploying information 
                        technology tools to track project schedules and 
                        metrics; and
                            ``(ii) improving the transparency and 
                        accountability of the permitting process;
                    ``(B)(i) to identify appropriate methods to assess 
                environmental impacts; and
                    ``(ii) to develop innovative methods for reasonable 
                mitigation;
                    ``(C) to reduce uncertainty and delays with respect 
                to environmental reviews and permitting; and
                    ``(D) to reduce costs and risks to taxpayers in 
                project delivery.
            ``(4) Executive director.--The Center shall be headed by an 
        Executive Director, who shall--
                    ``(A) report to the Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Policy;
                    ``(B) be responsible for the management and 
                oversight of the daily activities, decisions, 
                operations, and personnel of the Center; and
                    ``(C) carry out such additional duties as the 
                Secretary may prescribe.
            ``(5) Duties.--The Center shall carry out the following 
        duties:
                    ``(A) Coordinate and support implementation of 
                priority reform actions for Federal agency permitting 
                and reviews.
                    ``(B) Support modernization efforts at the 
                operating administrations within the Department and 
                interagency pilot programs relating to innovative 
                approaches to the permitting and review of 
                transportation infrastructure projects.
                    ``(C) Provide technical assistance and training to 
                Department staff on policy changes, innovative 
                approaches to project delivery, and other topics, as 
                appropriate.
                    ``(D) Identify, develop, and track metrics for 
                timeliness of permit reviews, permit decisions, and 
                project outcomes.
                    ``(E) Administer and expand the use of online 
                transparency tools providing for--
                            ``(i) tracking and reporting of metrics;
                            ``(ii) development and posting of schedules 
                        for permit reviews and permit decisions;
                            ``(iii) the sharing of best practices 
                        relating to efficient project permitting and 
                        reviews; and
                            ``(iv) the visual display of relevant 
                        geospatial data to support the permitting 
                        process.
                    ``(F) Submit to the Secretary reports describing 
                progress made toward achieving--
                            ``(i) greater efficiency in permitting 
                        decisions and review of infrastructure 
                        projects; and
                            ``(ii) better outcomes for communities and 
                        the environment.
            ``(6) Innovative best practices.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Center shall work with the 
                operating administrations within the Department, 
                eligible entities, and other public and private 
                interests to develop and promote best practices for 
                innovative project delivery.
                    ``(B) Activities.--The Center shall support the 
                Department and operating administrations in conducting 
                environmental reviews and permitting, together with 
                project sponsor technical assistance activities, by--
                            ``(i) carrying out activities that are 
                        appropriate and consistent with the goals and 
                        policies of the Department to improve the 
                        delivery timelines for projects;
                            ``(ii) serving as the Department liaison 
                        to--
                                    ``(I) the Council on Environmental 
                                Quality; and
                                    ``(II) the Federal Permitting 
                                Improvement Steering Council 
                                established by section 41002(a) of the 
                                Fixing America's Surface Transportation 
                                Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m-1(a));
                            ``(iii) supporting the National Surface 
                        Transportation and Innovative Finance Bureau 
                        (referred to in this paragraph as the `Bureau') 
                        in implementing activities to improve delivery 
                        timelines, as described in section 116(f), for 
                        projects carried out under the programs 
                        described in section 116(d)(1) for which the 
                        Bureau administers the application process;
                            ``(iv) leading activities to improve 
                        delivery timelines for projects carried out 
                        under programs not administered by the Bureau 
                        by--
                                    ``(I) coordinating efforts to 
                                improve the efficiency and 
                                effectiveness of the environmental 
                                review and permitting process;
                                    ``(II) providing technical 
                                assistance and training to field and 
                                headquarters staff of Federal agencies 
                                with respect to policy changes and 
                                innovative approaches to the delivery 
                                of projects; and
                                    ``(III) identifying, developing, 
                                and tracking metrics for permit reviews 
                                and decisions by Federal agencies for 
                                projects under the National 
                                Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
                                U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
                    ``(C) NEPA compliance assistance.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        at the request of an entity that is carrying 
                        out a project, the Center, in coordination with 
                        the appropriate operating administrations 
                        within the Department, shall provide technical 
                        assistance relating to compliance with the 
                        applicable requirements of the National 
                        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 
                        4321 et seq.) and applicable Federal 
                        authorizations.
                            ``(ii) Assistance from the bureau.--For 
                        projects carried out under the programs 
                        described in section 116(d)(1) for which the 
                        Bureau administers the application process, the 
                        Bureau, on request of the entity carrying out 
                        the project, shall provide the technical 
                        assistance described in clause (i).''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 116(f)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (A); and
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (D) and 
        subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively.

SEC. 5010. RURAL OPPORTUNITIES TO USE TRANSPORTATION FOR ECONOMIC 
              SUCCESS INITIATIVE.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Build america bureau.--The term ``Build America 
        Bureau'' means the National Surface Transportation and 
        Innovative Finance Bureau established under section 116 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (2) ROUTES council.--The term ``ROUTES Council'' means the 
        Rural Opportunities to Use Transportation for Economic Success 
        Council established by subsection (c)(1).
            (3) ROUTES office.--The term ``ROUTES Office'' means the 
        Rural Opportunities to Use Transportation for Economic Success 
        Office established by subsection (b)(1).
    (b) Routes Office.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
        Department the Rural Opportunities to Use Transportation for 
        Economic Success Office--
                    (A) to improve analysis of projects from rural 
                areas, federally recognized Indian Tribes, and 
                historically disadvantaged communities in rural or 
                Tribal areas applying for Department discretionary 
                grants, including ensuring that project costs, local 
                resources, and the larger benefits to the people and 
                the economy of the United States are appropriately 
                considered; and
                    (B) to provide rural communities, federally 
                recognized Indian Tribes, and historically 
                disadvantaged communities in rural or Tribal areas with 
                technical assistance for meeting the transportation 
                infrastructure investment needs of the United States in 
                a financially sustainable manner.
            (2) Objectives.--The ROUTES Office shall--
                    (A) collect input from knowledgeable entities and 
                the public on--
                            (i) the benefits of rural and Tribal 
                        transportation projects;
                            (ii) the technical and financial assistance 
                        required for constructing and operating rural 
                        and Tribal transportation infrastructure and 
                        services;
                            (iii) barriers and opportunities to funding 
                        rural and Tribal transportation projects;
                            (iv) unique transportation barriers and 
                        challenges facing historically disadvantaged 
                        communities in rural and Tribal areas; and
                            (v) unique environmental transportation 
                        issues for rural and Tribal communities;
                    (B) evaluate data on rural and Tribal 
                transportation challenges and determining methods to 
                align the discretionary funding and financing 
                opportunities of the Department with the needs of those 
                communities for meeting national transportation goals; 
                and
                    (C) educate rural communities and Tribal 
                communities about applicable Department discretionary 
                grants, develop effective methods to evaluate projects 
                in those communities in discretionary grant programs, 
                and communicate those methods through program guidance.
    (c) Routes Council.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a Rural 
        Opportunities to Use Transportation for Economic Success 
        Council--
                    (A) to organize, guide, and lead the ROUTES Office; 
                and
                    (B) to coordinate rural-related and Tribal-related 
                funding programs and assistance among the modal 
                administrations.
            (2) Membership.--
                    (A) In general.--The ROUTES Council shall be 
                composed of the following officers of the Department, 
                or their designees:
                            (i) The Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Policy.
                            (ii) The General Counsel.
                            (iii) The Chief Financial Officer and 
                        Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs.
                            (iv) The Assistant Secretary for Research 
                        and Technology.
                            (v) The Assistant Secretary for Multimodal 
                        Freight.
                            (vi) The Administrators of--
                                    (I) the Federal Aviation 
                                Administration;
                                    (II) the Federal Highway 
                                Administration;
                                    (III) the Federal Railroad 
                                Administration; and
                                    (IV) the Federal Transit 
                                Administration.
                            (vii) The Executive Director of the Build 
                        America Bureau.
                            (viii) The Assistant Secretary of 
                        Government Affairs.
                    (B) Chair.--The Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Policy shall be the Chair of the ROUTES Council.
                    (C) Additional members.--The Secretary or the Chair 
                of the ROUTES Council may designate additional members 
                to serve on the ROUTES Council.
            (3) Additional modal input.--To address issues related to 
        safety and transport of rural and Tribal commodities, the 
        ROUTES Council shall consult with the Administrators (or their 
        designees) of--
                    (A) the Maritime Administration;
                    (B) the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development 
                Corporation; and
                    (C) the National Highway Traffic Safety 
                Administration.
            (4) Duties.--Members of the ROUTES Council shall--
                    (A) participate in all meetings and relevant ROUTES 
                Council activities and be prepared to share information 
                relevant to rural and Tribal transportation 
                infrastructure projects and issues;
                    (B) provide guidance and leadership on rural and 
                Tribal transportation infrastructure issues and 
                represent the work of the ROUTES Council and the 
                Department on those issues to external stakeholders; 
                and
                    (C) recommend initiatives to the Chair of the 
                ROUTES Council to consider, establish, and staff any 
                resulting activities or working groups.
            (5) Meetings.--The ROUTES Council shall meet bimonthly.
            (6) Work products and deliverables.--The ROUTES Council may 
        develop work products or deliverables to meet the goals of the 
        ROUTES Council, including--
                    (A) an annual report to Congress describing ROUTES 
                Council activities for the past year and expected 
                activities for the coming year;
                    (B) any recommendations to enhance the 
                effectiveness of Department discretionary grant 
                programs regarding rural and Tribal infrastructure 
                issues; and
                    (C) other guides and reports for relevant groups 
                and the public.

SEC. 5011. ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 503 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``under section 508'' 
        and inserting ``under section 6503 of title 49''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and 
                congestion management'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by redesignating clauses (i) through 
                        (viii) as clauses (vii) through (xiv), 
                        respectively;
                            (ii) by inserting before clause (vii) (as 
                        so redesignated) the following:
                            ``(i) improve the mobility of people and 
                        goods;
                            ``(ii) reduce congestion;
                            ``(iii) promote safety;
                            ``(iv) improve the durability and extend 
                        the life of transportation infrastructure;
                            ``(v) preserve the environment;
                            ``(vi) preserve the existing transportation 
                        system;''; and
                            (iii) in clause (xiv) (as so redesignated), 
                        by inserting ``vehicle-to-pedestrian,'' after 
                        ``vehicle-to-infrastructure,'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C)(ii)--
                            (i) in subclause (I), by striking ``and 
                        congestion management'';
                            (ii) by striking subclause (II);
                            (iii) by redesignating subclauses (III) 
                        through (V) as subclauses (II) through (IV), 
                        respectively; and
                            (iv) in subclause (II) (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking ``efficiency and 
                        reduce traffic congestion'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (E)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``and congestion management'';
                            (ii) in clause (viii), by striking ``or'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) in clause (ix), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(x) advanced transportation technologies, 
                        in accordance with the research areas described 
                        in section 6503 of title 49.'';
                    (E) in subparagraph (I)(i), by striking ``2016 
                through 2020'' and inserting ``2022 through 2026''; and
                    (F) in subparagraph (N)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``, the following definitions apply'';
                            (ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting 
                        the following:
                            ``(ii) Advanced transportation 
                        technology.--The term `advanced transportation 
                        technology' means any technology that improves 
                        the efficiency, durability, sustainability, 
                        safety, or state of good repair of a surface 
                        transportation system.''; and
                            (iii) in clause (iii), in the matter 
                        preceding subclause (I), by striking ``a any'' 
                        and inserting ``any''.

SEC. 5012. SAFETY DATA INITIATIVE.

    (a) Definition of Eligible Entity.--In this section, the term 
``eligible entity'' means--
            (1) a State;
            (2) a unit of local government;
            (3) a transit agency or authority;
            (4) a metropolitan planning organization;
            (5) any other subdivision of a State or local government;
            (6) an institution of higher education; and
            (7) a multi-State or multijurisdictional group.
    (b) Safety Data Initiative.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an 
        initiative, to be known as the ``Safety Data Initiative'', to 
        promote the use of data integration, data visualization, and 
        advanced analytics for surface transportation safety through 
        the development of innovative practices and products for use by 
        Federal, State, and local entities.
            (2) Activities.--
                    (A) Applied research.--
                            (i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        support and carry out applied research to 
                        develop practices and products that will 
                        encourage the integration and use of 
                        traditional and new sources of safety data and 
                        safety information to improve policy and 
                        decisionmaking at the Federal, State, and local 
                        government levels.
                            (ii) Methodology.--In carrying out clause 
                        (i), the Secretary may--
                                    (I) carry out demonstration 
                                programs;
                                    (II) award grants and provide 
                                incentives to eligible entities;
                                    (III) enter into partnerships 
                                with--
                                            (aa) eligible entities;
                                            (bb) private sector 
                                        entities; and
                                            (cc) National Laboratories; 
                                        and
                                    (IV) use any other tools, 
                                strategies, or methods that will result 
                                in the effective use of data and 
                                information for safety purposes.
                    (B) Tools and practices.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary, to the maximum extent 
                practicable, shall--
                            (i) develop safety analysis tools for State 
                        and local governments, with a particular focus 
                        on State and local governments with limited 
                        capacity to perform safety analysis;
                            (ii)(I) identify innovative State and local 
                        government practices;
                            (II) incubate those practices for further 
                        development; and
                            (III) replicate those practices nationwide; 
                        and
                            (iii) transfer to State and local 
                        governments the results of the applied research 
                        carried out under that subparagraph.
                    (C) Data sharing.--
                            (i) In general.--To inform the creation of 
                        information useful for safety policy and 
                        decisionmaking, the Secretary shall--
                                    (I) encourage the sharing of data 
                                between and among Federal, State, and 
                                local transportation agencies; and
                                    (II) leverage data from private 
                                sector entities.
                            (ii) Goals.--The goals of the data-sharing 
                        activities under clause (i) shall include--
                                    (I) the creation of data ecosystems 
                                to reduce barriers to the efficient 
                                integration and analysis of relevant 
                                datasets for use by safety 
                                professionals; and
                                    (II) the establishment of 
                                procedures adequate to ensure 
                                sufficient security, privacy, and 
                                confidentiality as needed to promote 
                                the sharing of sensitive or proprietary 
                                data.
                            (iii) Management of data ecosystems.--A 
                        data ecosystem described in clause (ii)(I) may 
                        be managed by--
                                    (I) the Director of the Bureau of 
                                Transportation Statistics;
                                    (II) 1 or more trusted third 
                                parties, as determined by the 
                                Secretary; or
                                    (III) 1 or more other entities or 
                                partnerships capable of securing, 
                                managing, and analyzing sensitive or 
                                proprietary data.
            (3) Plan.--
                    (A) In general.--The Safety Data Initiative shall 
                be carried out pursuant to a plan to be jointly 
                established by--
                            (i) the Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Policy;
                            (ii) the Chief Information Officer of the 
                        Department;
                            (iii) the Administrator of the National 
                        Highway Traffic Safety Administration;
                            (iv) the Administrator of the Federal 
                        Highway Administration;
                            (v) the Administrator of the Federal Motor 
                        Carrier Safety Administration;
                            (vi) the Administrator of the Federal 
                        Transit Administration; and
                            (vii) the Administrator of the Federal 
                        Railroad Administration.
                    (B) Requirement.--The plan established under 
                subparagraph (A) shall include details regarding the 
                means by which tools and innovations developed by 
                projects carried out under the Safety Data Initiative 
                will be transferred to the appropriate program of the 
                Department for further implementation.
                    (C) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall direct 
                the officials described in clauses (i) through (vii) of 
                subparagraph (A) to establish, by a date determined by 
                the Secretary, the plan referred to in that 
                subparagraph.

SEC. 5013. ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 49, United States Code (as 
amended by section 1101(a)), is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 119. Advanced Research Projects Agency-Infrastructure
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) ARPA-I.-- The term `ARPA-I' means the Advanced 
        Research Projects Agency-Infrastructure established by 
        subsection (b).
            ``(2) Department.--The term `Department' means the 
        Department of Transportation.
            ``(3) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
        ARPA-I appointed under subsection (d).
            ``(4) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a unit of State or local government;
                    ``(B) an institution of higher education;
                    ``(C) a commercial entity;
                    ``(D) a research foundation;
                    ``(E) a trade or industry research collaborative;
                    ``(F) a federally funded research and development 
                center;
                    ``(G) a research facility owned or funded by the 
                Department;
                    ``(H) a collaborative that includes relevant 
                international entities; and
                    ``(I) a consortia of 2 or more entities described 
                in any of subparagraphs (A) through (H).
            ``(5) Infrastructure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `infrastructure' means 
                any transportation method or facility that facilitates 
                the transit of goods or people within the United States 
                (including territories).
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The term `infrastructure' 
                includes--
                            ``(i) roads;
                            ``(ii) highways;
                            ``(iii) bridges;
                            ``(iv) airports;
                            ``(v) rail lines;
                            ``(vi) harbors; and
                            ``(vii) pipelines.
            ``(6) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
    ``(b) Establishment.--There is established within the Department an 
agency, to be known as the `Advanced Research Projects Agency-
Infrastructure', to support the development of science and technology 
solutions--
            ``(1) to overcome long-term challenges; and
            ``(2) to advance the state of the art for United States 
        transportation infrastructure.
    ``(c) Goals.--
            ``(1) In general.--The goals of ARPA-I shall be--
                    ``(A) to advance the transportation infrastructure 
                of the United States by developing innovative science 
                and technology solutions that--
                            ``(i) lower the long-term costs of 
                        infrastructure development, including costs of 
                        planning, construction, and maintenance;
                            ``(ii) reduce the lifecycle impacts of 
                        transportation infrastructure on the 
                        environment, including through the reduction of 
                        greenhouse gas emissions;
                            ``(iii) contribute significantly to 
                        improving the safe, secure, and efficient 
                        movement of goods and people; and
                            ``(iv) promote the resilience of 
                        infrastructure from physical and cyber threats; 
                        and
                    ``(B) to ensure that the United States is a global 
                leader in developing and deploying advanced 
                transportation infrastructure technologies and 
                materials.
            ``(2) Research projects.--ARPA-I shall achieve the goals 
        described in paragraph (1) providing assistance under this 
        section for infrastructure research projects that--
                    ``(A) advance novel, early-stage research with 
                practicable application to transportation 
                infrastructure;
                    ``(B) translate techniques, processes, and 
                technologies, from the conceptual phase to prototype, 
                testing, or demonstration;
                    ``(C) develop advanced manufacturing processes and 
                technologies for the domestic manufacturing of novel 
                transportation-related technologies; and
                    ``(D) accelerate transformational technological 
                advances in areas in which industry entities are 
                unlikely to carry out projects due to technical and 
                financial uncertainty.
    ``(d) Director.--
            ``(1) Appointment.--ARPA-I shall be headed by a Director, 
        who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice 
        and consent of the Senate.
            ``(2) Qualifications.--The Director shall be an individual 
        who, by reason of professional background and experience, is 
        especially qualified to advise the Secretary regarding, and 
        manage research programs addressing, matters relating to the 
        development of science and technology solutions to advance 
        United States transportation infrastructure.
            ``(3) Relationship to secretary.--The Director shall--
                    ``(A) be located within the Office of the Assistant 
                Secretary for Research and Technology; and
                    ``(B) report to the Secretary.
            ``(4) Relationship to other programs.--No other program 
        within the Department shall report to the Director.
            ``(5) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the 
        Director shall include--
                    ``(A) approving new programs within ARPA-I;
                    ``(B) developing funding criteria, and assessing 
                the success of programs, to achieve the goals described 
                in subsection (c)(1) through the establishment of 
                technical milestones;
                    ``(C) administering available funding by providing 
                to eligible entities assistance to achieve the goals 
                described in subsection (c)(1);
                    ``(D) terminating programs carried out under this 
                section that are not achieving the goals of the 
                programs; and
                    ``(E) establishing a process through which eligible 
                entities can submit to ARPA-I unsolicited research 
                proposals for assistance under this section in 
                accordance with subsection (f).
    ``(e) Personnel.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall establish and 
        maintain within ARPA-I a staff with sufficient qualifications 
        and expertise to enable ARPA-I to carry out the 
        responsibilities under this section, in conjunction with other 
        operations of the Department.
            ``(2) Program directors.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall designate 
                employees to serve as program directors for ARPA-I.
                    ``(B) Responsibilities.--Each program director 
                shall be responsible for--
                            ``(i) establishing research and development 
                        goals for the applicable program, including by 
                        convening workshops and conferring with outside 
                        experts;
                            ``(ii) publicizing the goals of the 
                        applicable program;
                            ``(iii) soliciting applications for 
                        specific areas of particular promise, 
                        especially in areas that the private sector or 
                        the Federal Government are not likely to carry 
                        out absent assistance from ARPA-I;
                            ``(iv) establishing research collaborations 
                        for carrying out the applicable program;
                            ``(v) selecting on the basis of merit each 
                        project to be supported under the applicable 
                        program, taking into consideration--
                                    ``(I) the novelty and scientific 
                                and technical merit of proposed 
                                projects;
                                    ``(II) the demonstrated 
                                capabilities of eligible entities to 
                                successfully carry out proposed 
                                projects;
                                    ``(III) the extent to which an 
                                eligible entity took into consideration 
                                future commercial applications of a 
                                proposed project, including the 
                                feasibility of partnering with 1 or 
                                more commercial entities; and
                                    ``(IV) such other criteria as the 
                                Director may establish;
                            ``(vi) identifying innovative cost-sharing 
                        arrangements for projects carried out or funded 
                        by ARPA-I;
                            ``(vii) monitoring the progress of projects 
                        supported under the applicable program;
                            ``(viii) identifying mechanisms for 
                        commercial application of successful technology 
                        development projects, including through 
                        establishment of partnerships between eligible 
                        entities and commercial entities; and
                            ``(ix) as applicable, recommending--
                                    ``(I) program restructuring; or
                                    ``(II) termination of applicable 
                                research partnerships or projects.
                    ``(C) Term of service.--A program director--
                            ``(i) shall serve for a term of 3 years; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) may be reappointed for any 
                        subsequent term of service.
            ``(3) Hiring and management.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director may--
                            ``(i) make appointments of scientific, 
                        engineering, and professional personnel, 
                        without regard to the civil service laws;
                            ``(ii) fix the basic pay of such personnel 
                        at such rate as the Director may determine, but 
                        not to exceed level II of the Executive 
                        Schedule, without regard to the civil service 
                        laws; and
                            ``(iii) pay an employee appointed under 
                        this subparagraph payments in addition to basic 
                        pay, subject to the condition that the total 
                        amount of those additional payments for any 12-
                        month period shall not exceed the least of--
                                    ``(I) $25,000;
                                    ``(II) an amount equal to 25 
                                percent of the annual rate of basic pay 
                                of the employee; and
                                    ``(III) the amount of the 
                                applicable limitation for a calendar 
                                year under section 5307(a)(1) of title 
                                5.
                    ``(B) Private recruiting firms.--The Director may 
                enter into a contract with a private recruiting firm 
                for the hiring of qualified technical staff to carry 
                out this section.
                    ``(C) Additional staff.--The Director may use all 
                authorities available to the Secretary to hire 
                administrative, financial, and clerical staff, as the 
                Director determines to be necessary to carry out this 
                section.
    ``(f) Research Proposals.--
            ``(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive assistance 
        from ARPA-I, an eligible entity may submit to the Director an 
        unsolicited research proposal at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Director may require, 
        including a description of--
                    ``(A) the extent of current and prior efforts with 
                respect to the project proposed to be carried out using 
                the assistance, if applicable; and
                    ``(B) any current or prior investments in the 
                technology area for which funding is requested, 
                including as described in subsection (c)(2)(D).
            ``(2) Review.--The Director--
                    ``(A) shall review each unsolicited research 
                proposal submitted under paragraph (1), taking into 
                consideration--
                            ``(i) the novelty and scientific and 
                        technical merit of the research proposal;
                            ``(ii) the demonstrated capabilities of the 
                        applicant to successfully carry out the 
                        research proposal;
                            ``(iii) the extent to which the applicant 
                        took into consideration future commercial 
                        applications of the proposed research project, 
                        including the feasibility of partnering with 1 
                        or more commercial entities; and
                            ``(iv) such other criteria as the Director 
                        may establish;
                    ``(B) may approve a research proposal if the 
                Director determines that the research is in accordance 
                with--
                            ``(i) the goals described in subsection 
                        (c)(1); or
                            ``(ii) an applicable transportation 
                        research and development strategic plan 
                        developed under section 6503; and
                    ``(C)(i) if funding is denied for the research 
                proposal, shall provide to the eligible entity that 
                submitted the proposal a written notice of the denial 
                that, as applicable--
                            ``(I) explains why the research proposal 
                        was not selected, including whether the 
                        research proposal fails to cover an area of 
                        need; and
                            ``(II) recommends that the research 
                        proposal be submitted to another research 
                        program; or
                    ``(ii) if the research proposal is approved for 
                funding, shall provide to the eligible entity that 
                submitted the proposal--
                            ``(I) a written notice of the approval; and
                            ``(II) assistance in accordance with 
                        subsection (g) for the proposed research.
    ``(g) Forms of Assistance.--On approval of a research proposal of 
an eligible entity under subsection (f)(2)(B), the Director may provide 
to the eligible entity assistance in the form of--
            ``(1) a grant;
            ``(2) a contract;
            ``(3) a cooperative agreement;
            ``(4) a cash prize; or
            ``(5) another, similar form of funding.
    ``(h) Reports and Roadmaps.--
            ``(1) Annual reports.--For each fiscal year, the Director 
        shall provide to the Secretary, for inclusion in the budget 
        request submitted by the Secretary to the President under 
        section 1108 of title 31 for the fiscal year, a report that, 
        with respect to the preceding fiscal year, describes--
                    ``(A) the projects that received assistance from 
                ARPA-I, including--
                            ``(i) each such project that was funded as 
                        a result of an unsolicited research proposal; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) each such project that examines 
                        topics or technologies closely related to other 
                        activities funded by the Department, including 
                        an analysis of whether the Director achieved 
                        compliance with subsection (i)(1) in supporting 
                        the project; and
                    ``(B) the instances of, and reasons for, the 
                provision of assistance under this section for any 
                projects being carried out by industry entities.
            ``(2) Strategic vision roadmap.--Not later than October 1, 
        2022, and not less frequently than once every 4 years 
        thereafter, the Director shall submit to the relevant 
        authorizing and appropriations committees of Congress a roadmap 
        describing the strategic vision that ARPA-I will use to guide 
        the selection of future projects for technology investment 
        during the 4-fiscal-year period beginning on the date of 
        submission of the report.
    ``(i) Coordination and Nonduplication.--To the maximum extent 
practicable, the Director shall ensure that--
            ``(1) the activities of ARPA-I are coordinated with, and do 
        not duplicate the efforts of, programs and laboratories 
        within--
                    ``(A) the Department; and
                    ``(B) other relevant research agencies; and
            ``(2) no funding is provided by ARPA-I for a project, 
        unless the eligible entity proposing the project--
                    ``(A) demonstrates sufficient attempts to secure 
                private financing; or
                    ``(B) indicates that the project is not 
                independently commercially viable.
    ``(j) Federal Demonstration of Technologies.--The Director shall 
seek opportunities to partner with purchasing and procurement programs 
of Federal agencies to demonstrate technologies resulting from 
activities funded through ARPA-I.
    ``(k) Partnerships.--The Director shall seek opportunities to enter 
into contracts or partnerships with minority-serving institutions (as 
described in any of paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)))--
            ``(1) to accomplish the goals of ARPA-I;
            ``(2) to develop institutional capacity in advanced 
        transportation infrastructure technologies and materials;
            ``(3) to engage underserved populations in developing, 
        demonstrating, and deploying those technologies and materials; 
        and
            ``(4) to otherwise address the needs of ARPA-I.
    ``(l) University Transportation Centers.--The Director may--
            ``(1) partner with university transportation centers under 
        section 5505 to accomplish the goals, and address the needs, of 
        ARPA-I; and
            ``(2) sponsor and select for funding, in accordance with 
        section 5505, competitively selected university transportation 
        center grants, in addition to the assistance provided under 
        section 5505, to address targeted technology and material goals 
        of ARPA-I.
    ``(m) Advice.--
            ``(1) Advisory committees.--The Director may seek advice 
        regarding any aspect of ARPA-I from--
                    ``(A) an existing advisory committee, office, or 
                other group within the Department; and
                    ``(B) a new advisory committee organized to support 
                the programs of ARPA-I by providing advice and 
                assistance regarding--
                            ``(i) specific program tasks; or
                            ``(ii) the overall direction of ARPA-I.
            ``(2) Additional sources.--In carrying out this section, 
        the Director may seek advice and review from--
                    ``(A) the President's Council of Advisors on 
                Science and Technology;
                    ``(B) the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy; 
                and
                    ``(C) any professional or scientific organization 
                with expertise relating to specific processes or 
                technologies under development by ARPA-I.
    ``(n) Evaluation.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than December 27, 2024, the 
        Secretary may enter into an arrangement with the National 
        Academy of Sciences under which the National Academy shall 
        conduct an evaluation of the achievement by ARPA-I of the goals 
        described in subsection (c)(1).
            ``(2) Inclusions.--The evaluation under paragraph (1) may 
        include--
                    ``(A) a recommendation regarding whether ARPA-I 
                should be continued;
                    ``(B) a recommendation regarding whether ARPA-I, or 
                the Department generally, should continue to allow 
                entities to submit unsolicited research proposals; and
                    ``(C) a description of--
                            ``(i) the lessons learned from the 
                        operation of ARPA-I; and
                            ``(ii) the manner in which those lessons 
                        may apply to the operation of other programs of 
                        the Department.
            ``(3) Availability.--On completion of the evaluation under 
        paragraph (1), the evaluation shall be made available to--
                    ``(A) Congress; and
                    ``(B) the public.
    ``(o) Protection of Information.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each type of information described in 
        paragraph (2) that is collected by ARPA-I from eligible 
        entities shall be considered to be--
                    ``(A) commercial and financial information obtained 
                from a person;
                    ``(B) privileged or confidential; and
                    ``(C) not subject to disclosure under section 
                552(b)(4) of title 5.
            ``(2) Description of types of information.--The types of 
        information referred to in paragraph (1) are--
                    ``(A) information relating to plans for 
                commercialization of technologies developed using 
                assistance provided under this section, including 
                business plans, technology-to-market plans, market 
                studies, and cost and performance models;
                    ``(B) information relating to investments provided 
                to an eligible entity from a third party (such as a 
                venture capital firm, a hedge fund, and a private 
                equity firm), including any percentage of ownership of 
                an eligible entity provided in return for such an 
                investment;
                    ``(C) information relating to additional financial 
                support that the eligible entity--
                            ``(i) plans to invest, or has invested, in 
                        the technology developed using assistance 
                        provided under this section; or
                            ``(ii) is seeking from a third party; and
                    ``(D) information relating to revenue from the 
                licensing or sale of a new product or service resulting 
                from research conducted using assistance provided under 
                this section.
    ``(p) Effect on Existing Authorities.--The authority provided by 
this section--
            ``(1) shall be in addition to any existing authority 
        provided to the Secretary; and
            ``(2) shall not supersede or modify any other existing 
        authority.
    ``(q) Funding.--
            ``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are 
        necessary to carry out this section.
            ``(2) Separate budget and appropriation.--
                    ``(A) Budget request.--The budget request for ARPA-
                I shall be separate from the budget request of the 
                remainder of the Department.
                    ``(B) Appropriations.--The funding appropriated for 
                ARPA-I shall be separate and distinct from the funding 
                appropriated for the remainder of the Department.
            ``(3) Allocation.--Of the amounts made available for a 
        fiscal year under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) not less than 5 percent shall be used for 
                technology transfer and outreach activities--
                            ``(i) in accordance with the goal described 
                        in subsection (c)(2)(D); and
                            ``(ii) within the responsibilities of the 
                        program directors described in subsection 
                        (e)(2)(B)(viii); and
                    ``(B) none may be used for the construction of any 
                new building or facility during the 5-year period 
                beginning on the date of enactment of the Surface 
                Transportation Investment Act of 2021.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 49, 
United States Code (as amended by section 1101(b)), is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``119. Advanced Research Projects Agency-Infrastructure.''.

SEC. 5014. OPEN RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 55 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 5506. Advanced transportation research initiative
    ``(a) Definition of Eligible Entity.--In this section, the term 
`eligible entity' means--
            ``(1) a State agency;
            ``(2) a local government agency;
            ``(3) an institution of higher education (as defined in 
        section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1002)), including a university transportation center 
        established under section 5505;
            ``(4) a nonprofit organization, including a nonprofit 
        research organization; and
            ``(5) a private sector organization working in 
        collaboration with an entity described in any of paragraphs (1) 
        through (4).
    ``(b) Pilot Program.--The Secretary of Transportation (referred to 
in this section as the `Secretary') shall establish an advanced 
transportation research pilot program under which the Secretary--
            ``(1) shall establish a process for eligible entities to 
        submit to the Secretary unsolicited research proposals; and
            ``(2) may enter into arrangements with 1 or more eligible 
        entities to fund research proposed under paragraph (1), in 
        accordance with this section.
    ``(c) Eligible Research.--The Secretary may enter into an 
arrangement with an eligible entity under this section to fund research 
that addresses--
            ``(1) a research need identified by--
                    ``(A) the Secretary; or
                    ``(B) the Administrator of a modal administration 
                of the Department of Transportation; or
            ``(2) an issue that the Secretary determines to be 
        important.
    ``(d) Project Review.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) review each research proposal submitted under the 
        pilot program established under subsection (b); and
            ``(2)(A) if funding is denied for the research proposal--
                    ``(i) provide to the eligible entity that submitted 
                the proposal a written notice of the denial that, as 
                applicable--
                            ``(I) explains why the research proposal 
                        was not selected, including whether the 
                        research proposal fails to cover an area of 
                        need; and
                            ``(II) recommends that the research 
                        proposal be submitted to another research 
                        program; and
                    ``(ii) if the Secretary recommends that the 
                research proposal be submitted to another research 
                program under clause (i)(II), provide guidance and 
                direction to--
                            ``(I) the eligible entity; and
                            ``(II) the proposed research program 
                        office; or
            ``(B) if the research proposal is selected for funding--
                    ``(i) provide to the eligible entity that submitted 
                the proposal a written notice of the selection; and
                    ``(ii) seek to enter into an arrangement with the 
                eligible entity to provide funding for the proposed 
                research.
    ``(e) Coordination.--
            ``(1) In general.--To the maximum extent practicable, the 
        Secretary shall ensure that the activities carried out under 
        subsection (c) are coordinated with, and do not duplicate the 
        efforts of, programs of the Department of Transportation and 
        other Federal agencies.
            ``(2) Intraagency coordination.--The Secretary shall 
        coordinate the research carried out under this section with--
                    ``(A) the research, education, and technology 
                transfer activities carried out by grant recipients 
                under section 5505; and
                    ``(B) the research, development, demonstration, and 
                commercial application activities of other relevant 
                programs of the Department of Transportation, including 
                all modal administrations of the Department.
            ``(3) Interagency collaboration.--The Secretary shall 
        coordinate, as appropriate, regarding fundamental research with 
        the potential for application in the transportation sector 
        with--
                    ``(A) the Director of the Office of Science and 
                Technology Policy;
                    ``(B) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                    ``(C) the Secretary of Energy;
                    ``(D) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                    ``(E) the Secretary of Homeland Security;
                    ``(F) the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration;
                    ``(G) the Secretary of Defense; and
                    ``(H) the heads of other appropriate Federal 
                agencies, as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(f) Review, Evaluation, and Report.--Not less frequently than 
biennially, in accordance with the plan developed under section 6503, 
the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) review and evaluate the pilot program established 
        under subsection (b), including the research carried out under 
        that pilot program; and
            ``(2) make public on a website of the Department of 
        Transportation a report describing the review and evaluation 
        under paragraph (1).
    ``(g) Federal Share.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Federal share of the cost of an 
        activity carried out under this section shall not exceed 80 
        percent.
            ``(2) Non-federal share.--All costs directly incurred by 
        the non-Federal partners (including personnel, travel, 
        facility, and hardware development costs) shall be credited 
        toward the non-Federal share of the cost of an activity carried 
        out under this section.
    ``(h) Limitation on Certain Expenses.--Of any amounts made 
available to carry out this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary 
may use not more than 1.5 percent for coordination, evaluation, and 
oversight activities under this section.
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the funds made available 
to carry out the university transportation centers program under 
section 5505, $50,000,000 shall be available to carry out this section 
for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for subchapter I of chapter 
55 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``5506. Advanced transportation research initiative.''.

SEC. 5015. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 5-YEAR STRATEGIC 
              PLAN.

    Section 6503 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        publication of the Department of Transportation Strategic Plan 
        and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the 
        Secretary'';
            (2) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``The strategic'' and inserting ``Each 
        strategic'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``The strategic'' and inserting ``Each 
                strategic''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by adding ``and'' 
                        after the semicolon at the end; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) reducing transportation cybersecurity 
                risks;'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``the strategic'' and inserting ``each 
                strategic''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``2016'' and 
                inserting ``2021, and not less frequently than once 
                every 5 years thereafter''; and
            (5) by striking subsection (e).

SEC. 5016. RESEARCH PLANNING MODIFICATIONS.

    (a) Annual Modal Research Plans.--Section 6501 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than June 1 of each year, the 
        head of each modal administration and joint program office of 
        the Department of Transportation shall prepare and submit to 
        the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the 
        Department of Transportation (referred to in this chapter as 
        the `Assistant Secretary')--
                    ``(A) a comprehensive annual modal research plan 
                for the following fiscal year; and
                    ``(B) a detailed outlook for the fiscal year 
                thereafter.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``prepared or'' 
                before ``submitted'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3); and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Requirements.--Each plan under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) a general description of the strategic goals 
                of the Department that are addressed by the research 
                programs being carried out by the Assistant Secretary 
                or modal administration, as applicable;
                    ``(B) a description of each proposed research 
                program, as described in the budget request submitted 
                by the Secretary of Transportation to the President 
                under section 1108 of title 31 for the following fiscal 
                year, including--
                            ``(i) the major objectives of the program; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) the requested amount of funding for 
                        each program and area;
                    ``(C) a list of activities the Assistant Secretary 
                or modal administration plans to carry out under the 
                research programs described in subparagraph (B);
                    ``(D) an assessment of the potential impact of the 
                research programs described in subparagraph (B), 
                including--
                            ``(i) potential outputs, outcomes, and 
                        impacts on technologies and practices used by 
                        entities subject to the jurisdiction of the 
                        modal administration;
                            ``(ii) potential effects on applicable 
                        regulations of the modal administration, 
                        including the modification or modernization of 
                        those regulations;
                            ``(iii) potential economic or societal 
                        impacts; and
                            ``(iv) progress made toward achieving 
                        strategic goals of--
                                    ``(I) the applicable modal 
                                administration; or
                                    ``(II) the Department of 
                                Transportation;
                    ``(E) a description of potential partnerships to be 
                established to conduct the research program, including 
                partnerships with--
                            ``(i) institutions of higher education; and
                            ``(ii) private sector entities; and
                    ``(F) such other requirements as the Assistant 
                Secretary considers to be necessary.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``by the head of a modal 
                        administration or joint program office'' after 
                        ``submitted''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        clause (ii) and inserting the following:
                            ``(ii) request that the plan and outlook 
                        be--
                                    ``(I) revised in accordance with 
                                such suggestions as the Assistant 
                                Secretary shall include to ensure 
                                conformity with the criteria described 
                                in paragraph (2); and
                                    ``(II) resubmitted to the Assistant 
                                Secretary for approval.'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as 
                paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Criteria.--In conducting a review under paragraph 
        (1)(A), the Assistant Secretary shall, with respect to the 
        modal research plan that is the subject of the review--
                    ``(A) take into consideration whether--
                            ``(i) the plan contains research objectives 
                        that are consistent with the strategic research 
                        and policy objectives of the Department of 
                        Transportation included in the strategic plan 
                        required under section 6503; and
                            ``(ii) the research programs described in 
                        the plan have the potential to benefit the 
                        safety, mobility, and efficiency of the United 
                        States transportation system;
                    ``(B) identify and evaluate any potential 
                opportunities for collaboration between or among modal 
                administrations with respect to particular research 
                programs described in the plan;
                    ``(C) identify and evaluate whether other modal 
                administrations may be better suited to carry out the 
                research programs described in the plan;
                    ``(D) assess whether any projects described in the 
                plan are--
                            ``(i) duplicative across modal 
                        administrations; or
                            ``(ii) unnecessary; and
                    ``(E) take into consideration such other criteria 
                as the Assistant Secretary determines to be 
                necessary.''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection limits 
        the ability of the head of a modal administration to comply 
        with applicable law.''; and
            (3) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``subsection (b)(3)'' and inserting 
        ``subsection (b)(4).
    (b) Consolidated Research Database.--Section 6502(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the subsection designation 
and heading and all that follows through subparagraph (B) of paragraph 
(2) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Research Abstract Database.--
            ``(1) Submission.--Not later than September 1 of each year, 
        the head of each modal administration and joint program office 
        of the Department of Transportation shall submit to the 
        Assistant Secretary, for review and public posting, a 
        description of each proposed research project to be carried out 
        during the following fiscal year, including--
                    ``(A) proposed funding for any new projects; and
                    ``(B) proposed additional funding for any existing 
                projects.
            ``(2) Publication.--Not less frequently than annually, 
        after receiving the descriptions under paragraph (1), the 
        Assistant Secretary shall publish on a public website a 
        comprehensive database including a description of all research 
        projects conducted by the Department of Transportation, 
        including research funded through university transportation 
        centers under section 5505.
            ``(3) Contents.--The database published under paragraph (2) 
        shall--
                    ``(A) be delimited by research project; and
                    ``(B) include a description of, with respect to 
                each research project--
                            ``(i) research objectives;
                            ``(ii) the progress made with respect to 
                        the project, including whether the project is 
                        ongoing or complete;
                            ``(iii) any outcomes of the project, 
                        including potential implications for policy, 
                        regulations, or guidance issued by a modal 
                        administration or the Department of 
                        Transportation;
                            ``(iv) any findings of the project;
                            ``(v) the amount of funds allocated for the 
                        project; and
                            ``(vi) such other information as the 
                        Assistant Secretary determines to be necessary 
                        to address Departmental priorities and 
                        statutory mandates;''.

SEC. 5017. INCORPORATION OF DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 65 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 6504. Incorporation of Department of Transportation research
    ``(a) Review.--Not later than December 31, 2021, and not less 
frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, in concurrence with the 
applicable strategic plan under section 6503, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall--
            ``(1) conduct a review of research conducted by the 
        Department of Transportation; and
            ``(2) to the maximum extent practicable and appropriate, 
        identify modifications to laws, regulations, guidance, and 
        other policy documents to incorporate any innovations resulting 
        from the research described in paragraph (1) that have the 
        potential to improve the safety or efficiency of the United 
        States transportation system.
    ``(b) Requirements.--In conducting a review under subsection (a), 
the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            ``(1) identify any innovative practices, materials, or 
        technologies that have demonstrable benefits to the 
        transportation system;
            ``(2) determine whether the practices, materials, or 
        technologies described in paragraph (1) require any statutory 
        or regulatory modifications for adoption; and
            ``(3)(A) if modifications are determined to be required 
        under paragraph (2), develop--
                    ``(i) a proposal for those modifications; and
                    ``(ii) a description of the manner in which any 
                such regulatory modifications would be--
                            ``(I) incorporated into the Unified 
                        Regulatory Agenda; or
                            ``(II) adopted into existing regulations as 
                        soon as practicable; or
            ``(B) if modifications are determined not to be required 
        under paragraph (2), develop a description of the means by 
        which the practices, materials, or technologies described in 
        paragraph (1) will otherwise be incorporated into Department of 
        Transportation or modal administration policy or guidance, 
        including as part of the Technology Transfer Program of the 
        Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology.
    ``(c) Report.--On completion of each review under subsection (a), 
the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report describing, with respect to the period 
covered by the report--
            ``(1) each new practice, material, or technology identified 
        under subsection (b)(1); and
            ``(2) any statutory or regulatory modification for the 
        adoption of such a practice, material, or technology that--
                    ``(A) is determined to be required under subsection 
                (b)(2); or
                    ``(B) was otherwise made during that period.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 65 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``6504. Incorporation of Department of Transportation research.''.

SEC. 5018. UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION CENTERS PROGRAM.

    Section 5505 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``of 
                Transportation, acting through the Assistant Secretary 
                for Research and Technology (referred to in this 
                section as the `Secretary'),'' after ``The Secretary''; 
                and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting 
                        ``multimodal'' after ``critical''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting 
                        ``with respect to the matters described in 
                        subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 
                        6503(c)(1)'' after ``transportation leaders'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``for each of 
                the transportation centers described under paragraphs 
                (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (c)'' and inserting 
                ``as a lead institution under this section, except as 
                provided in subparagraph (B)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``identified in chapter 65'' and inserting 
                        ``described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of 
                        section 6503(c)(1)''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by striking ``the 
                        Assistant Secretary'' and all that follows 
                        through ``modal administrations'' and inserting 
                        ``the heads of the modal administrations of the 
                        Department of Transportation,''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (5)(B), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``submit'' and all that follows 
                through ``of the Senate'' and inserting ``make 
                available to the public on a website of the Department 
                of Transportation'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(3)(E)--
                    (A) by inserting ``, including the cybersecurity 
                implications of technologies relating to connected 
                vehicles, connected infrastructure, and autonomous 
                vehicles'' after ``autonomous vehicles''; and
                    (B) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
                following:
                            ``(i) In general.--A regional university 
                        transportation center receiving a grant under 
                        this paragraph shall carry out research 
                        focusing on 1 or more of the matters described 
                        in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 
                        6503(c)(1).
                            ``(ii) Focused objectives.--The 
                        Secretary''; and
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``Annual review'' and inserting ``Review'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``annually'' and inserting 
                        ``biennially''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``submit'' and all that follows through ``of 
                        the Senate'' and inserting ``make available to 
                        the public on a website of the Department of 
                        Transportation''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2016 through 
                2020'' and inserting ``2022 through 2026''.

SEC. 5019. NATIONAL TRAVEL AND TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIC PLAN.

    Section 1431(e) of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 
114-94) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as 
        subparagraphs (A) though (G), respectively, and indenting 
        appropriately;
            (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
        redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later than 3 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act'' and inserting ``Not 
                later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the 
                Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021''; and
                    (B) by striking ``plan that includes'' and 
                inserting the following: ``plan--
            ``(1) to develop an immediate-term and long-term strategy, 
        including policy recommendations across all modes of 
        transportation, for the Department and other agencies to use 
        infrastructure investments to revive the travel and tourism 
        industry and the overall travel and tourism economy in the wake 
        of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; and
            ``(2) that includes''; and
            (3) in paragraph (2) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by 
                inserting ``, including consideration of the impacts of 
                the COVID-19 pandemic'' after ``network'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (D) (as so redesignated), by 
                inserting ``of regional significance'' after 
                ``corridors'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (D) in subparagraph (G) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; 
                and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(H) an identification of possible infrastructure 
                investments that create recovery opportunities for 
                small, underserved, minority, and rural businesses in 
                the travel and tourism industry, including efforts to 
                preserve and protect the scenic, but often less-
                traveled, roads that promote tourism and economic 
                development throughout the United States.''.

SEC. 5020. LOCAL HIRING PREFERENCE FOR CONSTRUCTION JOBS.

    (a) Authorization.--
            (1) In general.--A recipient or subrecipient of a grant 
        provided by the Secretary under title 23 or 49, United States 
        Code, may implement a local or other geographical or economic 
        hiring preference relating to the use of labor for construction 
        of a project funded by the grant, including prehire agreements, 
        subject to any applicable State and local laws, policies, and 
        procedures.
            (2) Treatment.--The use of a local or other geographical or 
        economic hiring preference pursuant to paragraph (1) in any bid 
        for a contract for the construction of a project funded by a 
        grant described in paragraph (1) shall not be considered to 
        unduly limit competition.
    (b) Workforce Diversity Report.--Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a 
report describing methods--
            (1) to ensure preapprenticeship programs are established 
        and implemented to meet the needs of employers in 
        transportation and transportation infrastructure construction 
        industries, including with respect to the formal connection of 
        the preapprenticeship programs to registered apprenticeship 
        programs;
            (2) to address barriers to employment (within the meaning 
        of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 
        et seq.)) in transportation and transportation infrastructure 
        construction industries for--
                    (A) individuals who are former offenders (as 
                defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and 
                Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102));
                    (B) individuals with a disability (as defined in 
                section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 
                1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102)); and
                    (C) individuals that represent populations that are 
                traditionally underrepresented in the workforce; and
            (3) to encourage a recipient or subrecipient implementing a 
        local or other geographical or economic hiring preference 
        pursuant to subsection (a)(1) to establish, in coordination 
        with nonprofit organizations that represent employees, outreach 
        and support programs that increase diversity within the 
        workforce, including expanded participation from individuals 
        described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (2).
    (c) Model Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of submission 
of the report under subsection (b), the Secretary shall establish, and 
publish on the website of the Department, a model plan for use by 
States, units of local government, and private sector entities to 
address the issues described in that subsection.

SEC. 5021. TRANSPORTATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Assessment.--The Secretary shall enter into an arrangement with 
the National Academy of Sciences under which the National Academy shall 
develop and submit to the Secretary a workforce needs assessment that--
            (1) addresses--
                    (A) the education and recruitment of technical 
                workers for the intelligent transportation technologies 
                and systems industry;
                    (B) the development of a workforce skilled in 
                various types of intelligent transportation 
                technologies, components, infrastructure, and 
                equipment, including with respect to--
                            (i) installation;
                            (ii) maintenance;
                            (iii) manufacturing;
                            (iv) operations, including data analysis 
                        and review; and
                            (v) cybersecurity; and
                    (C) barriers to employment in the intelligent 
                transportation technologies and systems industry for--
                            (i) individuals who are former offenders 
                        (as defined in section 3 of the Workforce 
                        Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 
                        3102));
                            (ii) individuals with a disability (as 
                        defined in section 3 of the Americans with 
                        Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102)); 
                        and
                            (iii) individuals that represent 
                        populations that are traditionally 
                        underrepresented in the workforce; and
            (2) includes recommendations relating to the issues 
        described in paragraph (1).
    (b) Working Group.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a working 
        group, to be composed of--
                    (A) the Secretary of Energy;
                    (B) the Secretary of Labor; and
                    (C) the heads of such other Federal agencies as the 
                Secretary determines to be necessary.
            (2) Implementation plan.--
                    (A) In general.--The working group established 
                under paragraph (1) shall develop an intelligent 
                transportation technologies and systems industry 
                workforce development implantation plan.
                    (B) Requirements.--The implementation plan under 
                subparagraph (A) shall address any issues and 
                recommendations included in the needs assessment under 
                subsection (a), taking into consideration a whole-of-
                government approach with respect to--
                            (i) using registered apprenticeship and 
                        preapprenticeship programs; and
                            (ii) re-skilling workers who may be 
                        interested in working within the intelligent 
                        transportation technologies and systems 
                        industry.
            (3) Submission to congress.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the date of receipt of the needs assessment under subsection 
        (a), the Secretary shall submit to Congress the implementation 
        plan developed under paragraph (2).
    (c) Transportation Workforce Outreach Program.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter I of chapter 55 of title 49, 
        United States Code (as amended by section 5014(a)), is amended 
        by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 5507. Transportation workforce outreach program
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation (referred to in 
this section as the `Secretary') shall establish and administer a 
transportation workforce outreach program, under which the Secretary 
shall carry out a series of public service announcement campaigns 
during each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
    ``(b) Purposes.--The purpose of the campaigns carried out under the 
program under this section shall be--
            ``(1) to increase awareness of career opportunities in the 
        transportation sector, including aviation pilots, safety 
        inspectors, mechanics and technicians, air traffic controllers, 
        flight attendants, truck and bus drivers, engineers, transit 
        workers, railroad workers, and other transportation 
        professionals; and
            ``(2) to target awareness of professional opportunities in 
        the transportation sector to diverse segments of the 
        population, including with respect to race, sex, ethnicity, 
        ability (including physical and mental ability), and 
        socioeconomic status.
    ``(c) Advertising.--The Secretary may use, or authorize the use of, 
amounts made available to carry out the program under this section for 
the development, production, and use of broadcast, digital, and print 
media advertising and outreach in carrying out a campaign under this 
section.
    ``(d) Funding.--The Secretary may use to carry out this section any 
amounts otherwise made available to the Secretary, not to exceed 
$5,000,000, for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for subchapter I of 
        chapter 55 of title 49, United States Code (as amended by 
        section 5014(b)), is amended by adding at the end the 
        following:

``5507. Transportation workforce outreach program.''.

SEC. 5022. INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION ADVISORY BOARD REPEAL.

    (a) In General.--Section 5502 of title 49, United States Code, is 
repealed.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for subchapter I of chapter 
55 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item 
relating to section 5502.

SEC. 5023. GAO CYBERSECURITY RECOMMENDATIONS.

    (a) Cybersecurity Risk Management.--Not later than 3 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall implement the 
recommendation for the Department made by the Comptroller General of 
the United States in the report entitled ``Cybersecurity: Agencies Need 
to Fully Establish Risk Management Programs and Address Challenges'', 
numbered GAO-19-384, and dated July 2019--
            (1) by developing a cybersecurity risk management strategy 
        for the systems and information of the Department;
            (2) by updating policies to address an organization-wide 
        risk assessment; and
            (3) by updating the processes for coordination between 
        cybersecurity risk management functions and enterprise risk 
        management functions.
    (b) Work Roles.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall implement the recommendation of the 
Comptroller General of the United States in the report entitled 
``Cybersecurity Workforce: Agencies Need to Accurately Categorize 
Positions to Effectively Identify Critical Staffing Needs'', numbered 
GAO-19-144, and dated March 2019, by--
            (1) reviewing positions in the Department; and
            (2) assigning appropriate work roles in accordance with the 
        National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education Cybersecurity 
        Workforce Framework.
    (c) GAO Review.--
            (1) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a report that examines the approach of the 
        Department to managing cybersecurity for the systems and 
        information of the Department.
            (2) Contents.--The report under paragraph (1) shall include 
        an evaluation of--
                    (A) the roles, responsibilities, and reporting 
                relationships of the senior officials of the Department 
                with respect to cybersecurity at the components of the 
                Department;
                    (B) the extent to which officials of the 
                Department--
                            (i) establish requirements for, share 
                        information with, provide resources to, and 
                        monitor the performance of managers with 
                        respect to cybersecurity within the components 
                        of the Department; and
                            (ii) hold managers accountable for 
                        cybersecurity within the components of the 
                        Department; and
                    (C) other aspects of cybersecurity, as the 
                Comptroller General of the United States determines to 
                be appropriate.

SEC. 5024. VOLPE OVERSIGHT.

    (a) Financial Management.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall implement the 
recommendations of the Inspector General of the Department included in 
the report entitled ``DOT Needs to Strengthen Its Oversight of IAAs 
With Volpe'' and dated September 30, 2019, to improve planning, 
financial management, and the sharing of performance information with 
respect to intraagency agreements with the John A. Volpe National 
Transportation Systems Center (referred to in this section as the 
``Volpe Center'').
    (b) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a report that examines the surface 
        transportation activities at the Volpe Center.
            (2) Contents.--The report under paragraph (1) shall include 
        an evaluation of--
                    (A) the amount of Department funding provided to 
                the Volpe Center, as compared to other Federal and non-
                Federal research partners;
                    (B) the process used by the Department to determine 
                whether to work with the Volpe Center, as compared to 
                any other Federal or non-Federal research partner; and
                    (C) the extent to which the Department is 
                collaborating with the Volpe Center to address research 
                needs relating to emerging issues. 

                     TITLE VI--HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

SEC. 6001. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 5128 of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
``Sec. 5128. Authorization of appropriations
    ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out this chapter (except section 5107(e), 
5108(g)(2), 5113, 5115, 5116, and 5119)--
            ``(1) $67,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $68,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $69,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $71,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
    ``(b) Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund.--From the 
Hazardous Materials Preparedness Fund established under section 
5116(h), the Secretary may expend, for each of fiscal years 2022 
through 2026--
            ``(1) $39,050,000 to carry out section 5116(a);
            ``(2) $150,000 to carry out section 5116(e);
            ``(3) $625,000 to publish and distribute the Emergency 
        Response Guidebook under section 5116(h)(3); and
            ``(4) $1,000,000 to carry out section 5116(i).
    ``(c) Hazardous Materials Training Grants.--From the Hazardous 
Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established pursuant to section 
5116(h), the Secretary may expend $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2026 to carry out section 5107(e).
    ``(d) Community Safety Grants.--Of the amounts made available under 
subsection (a) to carry out this chapter, the Secretary shall withhold 
$4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 to carry out 
section 5107(i).
    ``(e) Credits to Appropriations.--
            ``(1) Expenses.--In addition to amounts otherwise made 
        available to carry out this chapter, the Secretary may credit 
        amounts received from a State, Indian tribe, or other public 
        authority or private entity for expenses the Secretary incurs 
        in providing training to the State, Indian tribe, authority or 
        entity.
            ``(2) Availability of amounts.--Amounts made available 
        under this section shall remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 6002. ASSISTANCE FOR LOCAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TRAINING GRANT 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 5116 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (j), in the second sentence of the matter 
        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``subsection (i)'' and 
        inserting ``subsections (i) and (j)'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (i) the following:
    ``(j) Alert Grant Program.--
            ``(1) Assistance for local emergency response training.--
        The Secretary shall establish a grant program to make grants to 
        eligible entities described in paragraph (2)--
                    ``(A) to develop a hazardous materials response 
                training curriculum for emergency responders, including 
                response activities for the transportation of crude 
                oil, ethanol, and other flammable liquids by rail, 
                consistent with the standards of the National Fire 
                Protection Association; and
                    ``(B) to make the training described in 
                subparagraph (A) available in an electronic format.
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--An eligible entity referred to in 
        paragraph (1) is a nonprofit organization that--
                    ``(A) represents first responders or public 
                official responsible for coordinating disaster 
                response; and
                    ``(B) is able to provide direct or web-based 
                training to individuals responsible for responding to 
                accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials.
            ``(3) Funding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To carry out the grant program 
                under paragraph (1), the Secretary may use, for each 
                fiscal year, any amounts recovered during such fiscal 
                year from grants awarded under this section during a 
                prior fiscal year.
                    ``(B) Other hazardous material training 
                activities.--For each fiscal year, after providing 
                grants under paragraph (1), if funds remain available, 
                the Secretary may use the amounts described in 
                subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) to make grants under--
                                    ``(I) subsection (a)(1)(C);
                                    ``(II) subsection (i); and
                                    ``(III) section 5107(e);
                            ``(ii) to conduct monitoring and provide 
                        technical assistance under subsection (e);
                            ``(iii) to publish and distribute the 
                        emergency response guide referred to in 
                        subsection (h)(3); and
                            ``(iv) to pay administrative costs in 
                        accordance with subsection (h)(4).
                    ``(C) Obligation limitation.--Notwithstanding any 
                other provision of law, for each fiscal year, amounts 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall not be included in 
                the obligation limitation for the Hazardous Materials 
                Emergency Preparedness grant program for that fiscal 
                year.''.

SEC. 6003. REAL-TIME EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION.

    Section 7302 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 20103 note; Public Law 114-
94) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``1 year after the date of enactment of this 
                Act'' and inserting ``December 5, 2022'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by amending subparagraph (B) 
                to read as follows:
                    ``(B) to provide the electronic train consist 
                information described in subparagraph (A) to authorized 
                State and local first responders, emergency response 
                officials, and law enforcement personnel that are 
                involved in the response to, or investigation of, an 
                accident, incident, or public health or safety 
                emergency involving the rail transportation of 
                hazardous materials;'';
                    (C) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (D) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), 
                and (7) as paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6), 
                respectively; and
                    (E) in paragraph (3), as redesignated, by striking 
                ``paragraph (3)'' and inserting ``paragraph (2)'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (1) and (4); and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (5), (6), 
                and (7) as paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), 
                respectively; and
            (3) in subsection (c), by striking ``, as described in 
        subsection (a)(1)(B),''.
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