eclassifi ed and a roved for release b NSA on 06-11-2014 ursuant to E .0. 1352 



• ' 

1"0P :s~enr - SECURI'l'Y INfl~ON 

SECT!ON A. U. S. COW,fiJNICATION SECURITY ~ 

PART I. LITERAL CIPHER MACHINm 

1 • Machines Requiring No External Source of Power 

a. AFSAM D17 

A small keyboard-operated, tape-printing literal cipher 

machine designed for use where electrical poi.·ier is not available • . Operates pneumatically at approxi.ma tely 15 to 20 words per minute, 

all power being supplied by the depression of the keyboard keys. 

Crypto-uni t is a reciprocal permuting maze consisting of ten 26-

point rotors and a reflector. Eight of the rotors step in a single 

interrupted "COM" cascade. Two of the rotors and the reflector are 

settable, but do not step. All rotors are identically "wired" and 

their order in the maze is not changed. All rotors have rotatable 

alphabet rings and seven of the stepping rotors have settable pinpattern rings for motion control. 

Size and Weight: 8" x 8" x 4"; 10 lbs. 

:pevelopment Status: The first engineering model developed by 

a cormnercial contractor has been completed and will be delivered to NSA by 1 Sept. 1953. 

1 

'POP 9EOR£'i' 
• 

b~ AFSAM D21 

The AFSAM D21 is a manually operated, tape-printing, 

literal cipher device using a five level one-time key tape. It is 

intended to replace one-time pads in some limited applications. 

The oase, printing irechanism, and the bar drum of the M-209 are 

used; the key wheels are replaced by a tape reader. Operating 

speed is the same as the M-209. 

Size and Weight: 7-!" x .5ttt x 3fn; 5f lbs. 

Development Status: Fifteen engineering models have been constructed. They a.r~ now undergoing service tests. 

2 
c. AFSAll 36 

~n interim keyboard operated, tape-printing, literal 

cipier ma.chine for use where electrical power is not available. 

Operates mechanically at approximately 10 to 15 words per minute. 

Orypto-unit consists of twelve key-wheels and associated bar d:nmi 

(Hagelin mechanism). 

~ze and "l'ei@t: 1011 - x 10" x 6"; 18lbs. 

Production Status, 1500 models scheduled for delivery by 

end of December, 195}. 

3 
2. Power Driven Machines 

a. AFSAM 7 

A keyboard-operated, tape-printing cipher machine which 

encrypts literal text and numerals. Operates at speeds up to 60 

words per minute. Crypto-unit consists of an eight-rotor nonreciprocal permuting maze. Rotors have 36 points and are provided 

with rotatable and interchangeable alphabet and notch rings. Ten 

points on one endplate are wired to ten points on the other. All 

major Culli,kl..:. .... <o .... .,l:> c:..ce constructed as conveniently demountable subassemblies. Operates from 115/230 v AC or 28 v :00. 

Sit~ and Weig}lt (Less carrying case and rotors): 

181 lbe. 

Production Status: First models incorporating all major 

modifications required as a result of service test evaluations are scheduled for deliver,y from the procuction contractor in Sept. 1953. Development of an improved model 

of this equipment (AFSAM D7A) is underway. Major components 

which will be redesigned include the keyboard, base con ... 

tacts, stepping unit, rotors and letters/figures shift circuit. 

4 
Cf'OP SEIOHE!Cf' 

"Q. AFSAl4 47 

A keyboa~ .... opera ted, tape-printing cipher machine vmich 

encrypta li tera.l text, nm:nera.ls and eight punctua. tion marks. Opera. tea at speeds up to 60 words per minute. Crypto-uriit consists 

ot a ~even-rotor non-r~ciproca.l permuting maze and a set of adaptor 

plugs tp provide the required rotor motion control circuits. Rotors 

art'I 26 ... poiμ~, wi tl} rota table and interchangeable alphabet and notch-

:r;-ingf;', Has p~vision for semi-automatic tape reader operation from 

associateCl e~ip:nent, Operates from 115 v AC, 115 v DC, or 28 v DC 

w:l,th a change of the motqr unit. 

11 11 x 10'!" x %11 ; 4-3 lbs. 

Develo~nt Status: Development is essentially completed. Pro-

' ductfon models scheduled for delivery in April 1954. 

5 
TOI' M:CMI 

c. .AFSAM 47B 

A modif'ied version of' the AFS.AM 47 for ADONIS-POLLUX 

operation. Operates f'rom 115 v AC and provides 280 volts through 

the rotor maze by means of a voltage doubler. 

Size and Weight (~pproxima.te): 13" x 1oi11 x 9i"; 50/60 lbs. 

Development Status: Breadboard model has been cbnstructed by> 

the contractor and is undergoing tests. First engineering 

model scheduled for comp].etion by February 1954. 

6 

TOP Si:QimP 
d. CSP 888/889 

An electromechanical, keyboarct-opera ted, tape-printing 

cipher machine used for off,..line literal encipherment, The crypto ... 

unit, for HER~ operation, coMists of three rotor mazeBJ 1, 

the alphabet maze, a 26-point five-rotor maze foI' enciphennent1 2. 

the control maze, a 26-point five ... 1:'()tor rna?fe for motion control of 

the alpha.bet maze; and 3. the i;ndex maze, a 10.-point five-rotor 

maze used to transpose the output of the control maze., With apPro .. 

priate adapter may also be used for LUC!Fl!:R. 

Size an~ Weight: 14 3/4" x 19" x 12*" l 97 lbs. 

Production Status: In use" 

7 
e. AFSAM 25B/C 

An electromechanical, keyboard-operated, tape-printing 

cil;her maclline used for of';f'-line li tera.l enciphermen t. The cryptounit consists of a 26-point five-rotor non-reciprocal permuting 

maze. 

S:i.~e and Weight: 14 3/411 x 19" x 12;1i:11 ; 97 lbs. . 

Production Status; In use. 

8 

'f'0P S'BOEfBI 
r" 

SECIJRl'H 1Hi'~l0N 

f. AFSAZ 7 301 

This special mechanism may be used with CSP 889, AFS.AM 

25B/C, or .AFSAM 4-7. The principal :function is automatic decipherment of' cipher tapes. No modif'ica.tion 0£ the cipher machines or 

operating instructions is required. May be used for enciphering, 

but only if' very strict procedures are ob served. 

Size 

8" x 15 

Production Status: In u.se at major stati.ons. 

9 
WP SBeRE'f 

'ltlD Sli:C:Rn SBOURI 'i7Y Iff.l?ORMA:'i'ION 

PART II. TELEPRINTER SECURITY EQUIPMENTS 

3. Non-Synchronous with Electro-Me ch.a.nical Crypto-ComEonents 

a. Am.AM 9 I 

A non-synchronous teletype security equipment designed 

for forward area use. Accepts 32 characters from remote teleprinters. 

Crypto ... uni t (AFSAM 109/209) is a non-reciprocal permuting maze with nine 

36-Point rotors. Uses 5-32-5 crystal diode translators. Rotors are 

id~ntical w:i. th those used in the AFSAM 7. May also be used with 

.AFSAM 309 tape reader in lieu of rotor maze for O. T, Key; provided with 

tape slitter and torn tape interlock. 

Size and Weight: 15'' x 16" x 7-i"; 46 lbs. 

Development Status: Released for production 1 April 1953. 

First production models expected by Sept. 1954. Development continuing on some modifications to prevent spurious 

plain-text radiations. 

Radiation: In its present form equipment is inherently insecure 

due to spurious radiation of plain-text. Development is 

continuing on some modifications to prevent plain ... text radiations. 

10 
b. ASAM 2-1 

A modification of converter M-228 (SIGCUM), A five-rotor 

DB.ze produces five levels of key which is added baud by baud to 

the plain text Qutput of a teletypewriter or transmitter distributor. 

Eight different motion control plane, govemed by multiswitches, 

prpvide eight different keys f'or each arrangement. Key is used on 

a one-tillie bas:i.Js. Cryptoperiod is twelve hours. There is a variety 

of operating procedures including s~plex use. 

Size and Weight: 

froduotion Status: 

18 7/811 x 14 1/411 x 11 1/8"; 7Ji lbs-. 

In use. 

Radiation: Equi~nt is inherently insecure due to radiation of plain 

te:x:t signals from associated equipment. If adapted for electronic 

ieying it is considered that it would probably be secure. 

11 
c • .AFS.AM 4A (SIGNIN) 

A combined teletypewriter and cipher ma.chine. An eightrotor maze produces five levels of key which az:'e added baud by baud 

to the plainte.xt to accomplish encryption. May be q:erated on-line 

or off-line. Unit is moi.mted in a specially designed three-combination 

safe. For PANDORA operation, impulses travel through maze from lef't 

to right to produce f'ive elements of key simultaneously. Rotor 1 is 

fast and controls Rotor 2; Rotor 2 controls Rotor 3; Rotor 3 controls 

Rotor 4; a mixed-wired stator is located between Rotors 4 and 5; 

Rotor 5 is fast; Rotor 6 is controlled by Rotor 7;, Rotor 7 is controlled by Rotor 8; Rotor 8 is fast. For BALDER operation, impulses 

travel through maze from right to le:rt and are reflected back to the 

right end-plate to produce the five levels of key. Rotors 1, 2, 3, 4, 

6, 7, and 8 move as in PANDORA; Rotor 5 is a "bump" rotor, controlled 

from one of the end-plate contact positions; a mixed-wired stator is 

located between Rotors 4 and 5. 

Size and Weight: 

Production Status: 

produced. 

22~tt x 25 3/8" x 1711 ; 252 lbs. 

Approximately 450 machines have been 

Radiation: Extent of spurious radiations from this equiprent 

has not been determined.. 

12 
d • .AFSAM 44 

A one~time tape teletype security equipment designed to 

transmit on-line and reaeive off-line. Tape operated on1y. Has 

two sensing heads, one for the message tape and one for the key 

tape. Very rugged and compact. Operates from 115 volts A. C. or 

28 Yol.ts D. c. pbWer. 

Size and Weight (approximate): 0.5 cu.. ft. i 20 lbs. 

Develogment Status: Final engiheering tn6d.e1 being redesigned 

by contractor to incorporate certain changes, including a 

Tom-tape interlock and Tape siitter, reqtlested as a result 

of NSA and Service evaluation of a previous model. 

No production currentl;Y pianned. 

Radiation.; No radiation inherent in the AFS.AM 44J dependeht 

oh terminal eqUipment used. 

13 
e. AFSAM 45 

A one-time tape teletype security equipment designed for 

use with a printer or tra.nsmi tter - distributor. Has one sensing 

head (for key tape) and one selector mechanism; operates at speeds 

up to one-hundred words per-minute. Very rugged and compi.ct. Operates from 115 vol ts A. C. or 28 vol ts D, c, power. 

Size and Weisht (aEproxima.te)1 0.5 cu. ft.; 20 lbs. 

Development Status: Final engineering model !le'ing redesigned 

by contractor to incorporate certain changes, including 

a Tom-Tape interlock and tape slitter, requested as a 

result of NSA. and Service evaluation of a previous model. 

No production currently planned. 

Radiation: Same as AFS.AM 41+. 

14 
5. Synchronous With Electro-Mechanical Cr;ypto-Components 

a. AFSAZ D7312 (f'ormerly AFB.AM 12) 

A single channel synchronous equipment designed for 24-

hour operation at speeds of 60 - 100 words per minute. Traffic is 

accepted from a tape reader only ( 32 characters). Traffic flow 

security is provided by automatic insertion of random text between 

messages. This is supressed at the receiving terminal. Automatic 

message numbering is included in the equipment~ Normal operation 

is the !RIS crypto principle i.e. with an .,AF!3.AM 9 and AFSAM 409 

rotor stepping unit (minimum cycle 364).. It may also be used on 

AENEAS crypto principle i.e. with .AFB.AU 9 and AFS.AM 309 one time 

tape unit, 

Size and Weight; Two uni ts each 1911 x 20'' x 1 Si-'-' , one unit 

· · · 14!" ·x 9!1

' x 7"; total weight 221 lbs. 

Development Status; Development has been completed.- Eighteen 

service test models are being constructed and are scheduled 

for delivery in June 1954. 

Radiation, Same as AFB.AM 9. 

15 
b. ,AF'SAZ D?.305 

A short term message synchronizer for use with the 

~ 9 and similar teletype security equipments, Will maintain 

synchrony during tranamission fades up to 10 eeconds duration. 

Designed for use at the receive terminal only and requires a cort .. 

stant speed transmitted signal, 

Size a.nd Weight (estimated); 1 cu. ft.; 20 lbs. 

Development Status: First engineering model de'veloped 

under contract scheduled for delivery by April 1954. 

Radiation; Not applicable. 

16 
f OP SECR8'f' 

GEfTURlfY IlfFlOR!.fitfIOU 

SSM 3 

A non-synchronous teletypewriter mixer designed for operation 

on wire circuits for 8ither on-line or 0ff-li~e operation. For full 

duplex on-line operation two units are required at each end of a full 

duplex circuit. For half-duplex non-reversible on-line or off-line 

operation one terminal at each end of a half duplex circuit is needed. 

Operates from 115 volts A.C. A source of 110 V D.C. pnwer is required 

for line current• Devel0 ped by the U.S • .Air Force Security Service. 

','lorks with the AS.tu"\iI 2-1, .Ui'Si">M-9 and One-time tape. 

Size ant1 Weight (estimated): 8" x 10" x 15"; 1C lbs. 

Production Status: Production models in use; no further 

procurement planned by US~F in view 0f contracts let 

.f'or the SSM-33, (two SSM-3' s rm -,ne chassis)• 

Radiation: The equipment causes some radiation and at 

present it is assumed ,that security is compromised, 

Remedinl measures ar€ being tnken to el~ninate 

security h~zards. 

! ~ 

I: 
Addendwn to page 17 

S~OURI~Y IlfE'ORMA'f 10N 

SSM 33 

A non-synchronous teletypewriter mixer designed for full Juplex 

operation 'n wire circuits for either on-line or off-line operation. 

Essentially this equipment consists of two SSM-3's on one chnssis with 

power supply. 

Size and Weight (estimo.teil): 9" x 20" x 13"; 30 lbs. 

Production Status: Contract let for 500 units. 

Radiation: Consideration has been given in specifications 

to reduce radiation. Tests will be performea on first 

production moJels when received approximately 

February 1954. . 

17 

'f'OP SECRE1' 
d • 8$( 4 (SAMSON) 

Full duplex synchronizing apparatus designed for use with 

the .ASAM 2-1, AFSAM 9 and similar teletype security equipments. 

Uses a tuning fork as a frequency standard and will maintain synchrony during transmission fades up to approximately 30 minu te::i 

duration, Developed by U. S, Air Force Security Service. 

Size a;nd Weight (approximate): 19" x 18" x 12"; 130 lbs. 

Production SWtus: Now in production and use. 

Ra.dia tion1 Same as SSM 3, 

18 

i'OP SBORB'f 
60 Syrfchronoua with Electronic Crypto-Components 

a~ AFSA.M D22 

Electronic key genera tor designed for use with the 

AN/FGQ ... 5 Electronic 'Multiplex Equipnent. Enciphers the {)utput 

of the AN/FGC-5, which accepts 32 characters from remote teleprinters. Capable of two, three or four channel operation. Provides traffic flow security. Crypto-unit, which has been recently 

changed, supplies an additive binary key derived from a 53-stage 

Koken and associated combining circuits. Crypto-period set-up 

will be made from a Remington ~d (or possibly IBM) card. 

Size and Weight 2 units, each 4' x 2' x 2'; total 

weight 500 lbs. 

Development Status~ Development model has been completed and 

tested. An 18 ... month contra.ct was awarded in May 1953, for 

the completion of a design approval model by Febru~ry 

1954-, and pre-production model by November 1954. 

Radiation: Extent of radiation has not been determined. 

19 
b. p'SAM D26 

Single channel synchronous equipment; accepts 31 characters (excludirtg blanks) from remote teleprinter. Operates at 

60 or 1 00 words per minute and pr6Vides traffic flow security. 

Crypto-component supplies an additive binary key derived from a 

53 stage Koken and associated combining circrui ts and includes 

means to prevent the reading of messages in depth. Crypto-period 

set-up will be made from a Remington Rand (or possibly an IBM) 

card. 

Size and Weight: One 61 x 19" rack. 

~velopment.Sta.tus; One engineering model of t,he transmit 

terminal is almost complete and construction of the re ... 

cei ve terminal is urtderway locally. 

Ra.dia tion: Extent of radia ti.on has not been d.etennined. 

20 
c. .Ali'SAM DR 

A proposed security equipnent for braadcaet teletype service 

Which will include a e:rypto-component and s;Ynchroni~ing and transmission 

oireuitry necessary for the otltput of' any st8hdard teletype device. 

A single transndtter will broadcast to a nutlibe:t" of reoeive"'"Clll.y units. 

Means will be provided whereby r'eceivers can be semi-auton:atioally phased 

in to decipher the transmitted signals in case crypto-synchronism is lost 

or the receiver has started late. G:rypto-ccmponents will be similar to 

the cr:yi:to-component of the .A1SAM D26. 

Si!e !ru'i Wxigl1t ( e§t,ilila;tep..); Transmitter - one 6' x 19" :reek. 

'.Receiver - one 4.' x 19.. rack. 

J?E:ve1o)!!ent,Status: Project in the initial design stage; 

breadboard construction will start Within a year. 

Radiation: Unknoll'll. 

21 
PART III,. ~H SEqtl]ITY I~~ 

8. Vocoder Sys te~ 

a. AFSAY D8Q6 

Single channel full duplex speech security system for 

use over land line or long distance ~ radio. Requires one 3 kc 

transmission channel~ Alternatively it can provide five tele ... 

type channels or one facsimile channel. Uaea a 9-channel vocoder 

( 8 spectrum and 1 pitch) ; quantizes the speech intd 8 levels and 

the pitch into 64 levels. 20 millisecond sampling in each channel. 

The 500 PAM pulses are time multiplexed and coded by an &-level 

binary coder resulting in 1500 bauds per second~ Or;Ypto.-compoμent 

is the geared timing mechanism, A "l{ey Selector" ( fo;rmerly "Station 

aelector") switch provide~ one of four different key stream~ for 

net operation,. Tube complement approxima. tely 6,5011 

Size and We~~ti_ 6 uni ts, each 26ff x 1 r' x 3~"; total 

weight, 'oo lbs, 

Development S;ta tli.~J 1l'b.ree terminals from previous contractor 

on Hand. First engineering model of the improV'ed ver$ion 

was delivered in August 1953-. Remaining i;six enginee:ring 

models will be d.elive~d by November 1953~ Four of the 

engineering models will undergo wire line tests by th.e 

Services for six rn.onths starting January 1954.. Two of the 

three models on hand from the previous contractor will be 

radio tested by a contractor on a link between Hawaii and 

Long Island. 

22 
b. ~ D7300 

One way regenerative repeater for the AFSAY D806 • 

. {'.lj.r:e and l~e:i. t: 2 uni ts, each 26" x 17!' x 3.3i:''; total 

weight 7 0 lbs. 

Develo:i;ment Status: Cantre.ct was awarded ih April 195J, calling for the delivery of four engineering models by July 

1954!1 

23 
rop SEe!mT 

c. .AFSAY D8Q9 

Single channel push-to-talk speech security system for 

general use over wire lines. Currently it is thought that a 16 

channel vocoder ( 14 spectrum and 2 pitch) 'Will be used. Baud rate: 

1650 bits per second. Crypto.-component will be a 59 stage Koken 

device wi. th automatic indicator for each message• Tube complement; 

approxima. tely 450 t:ransistors and 1500 diodes drawing approximately 

5 watts. 

Size (estimated): Two-dra:wer file cabinet. 

Development Status,; An anticipated contract calls for 6 fully 

transistorized engineering models to be delivered in 2 

years from the award date for testing. 

24 
9. Pulse Code Modulation Systems 

a. AFSAY D807 

Forty-eight channel" f'ull duplex, microwave radio relay 

speech seeuri ty equipment employing 8 kc sampling and 64 level PCM 

description. Total baud rate: 2. 304 megacycles, Crypto .. component 

is a keyer similar to that used in the KFSAY 816. A proposed modi .. 

fication would reduce the equipment to 24 secure voice channels, 

full duplex, giving 100J' spare in the .AN/TC0-.1.5 {multiplex set) 

and 3JJb spare in the AN/TSA-5 (keyer) while prov:i.ding 10~ check 

on the key. Baud rate of' the mod:ii:fication would be 1.15 ~. 

Sji,ze and Weight ( estima. ted); 7 bays; 1700 lbs. 

DevelePment .Status: A contract for the AN/TSA .. 5 was awarded 

in November 1952. T:wo of the equipments will be delivered 

to NSA for tests. A contract was awarded in February 1953 

for development models of the AN/Tcc .. 15 to be delivered 

in Jtme 1953. 

2.5 
'mF Bil6RE! 

b. A]gA,Y D808 

A low echelon push-to ... talk airborne speech security 

equipnent e~loyirig 6 kc sampling and 16 level PCM description. 

Crypto.-component is a 37-stage Koken keyer with autoim.tic message 

indit:a. tor. Tube complement: 449 sub-miniature. 

Size and V{eie;h t; PCM and crypto-uni t 1 o;.1f x 8'' x 23"; 

· code clianger 811 x 1 Q1' x 4 11 ; control box S:l:'' x 7" x 3 3/4u ; 

Total weight 52~1 lbs. 

Develownt S.tEi..tusr Four design approval models have been 

built and have undergone preliminary flight tests. SU: 

additional imi ts are to be delivered by December 19,53. 

A new 18-m.pnth contract was awarded in June 1953 calling 

for the construction of 10 engineering models with emP1.asis 

placed on improving transmission reliability, 

26 
c. AFSAY D810 

Single channel speech security equipments. Transmission 

bandwidth requires a normal 4-channel wire and/or radio facility such 

as spiral-4 cables and/or iili/TRC-1, 8, 24, 31 and 1-u"l\J'/GRC-10 •.. Speech 

Sampling occurs at .3· 5 kilocycle rate followed by 1.6-level Pulse 

coding. The 4-digit pulse code occurring at 14000 bits per second 

is converted to a 2-digit quaternary code occurring at 7000 pulses 

per second. These are used to modulate a 14 kilo cycle carrier 

with the output bandwidth limited to the range 4.20 kc. by a 

gaussian output filter. Crypto-component will be a delay line keyer 

similar to that used in the .AFSAY D801. 

Size and Weight (estimated): 1 standard 1911 rack: 250 lbs. 

Development Status: Coles Signal Laboratories has a breadboard model of the PCM and transmission circuitr~. .An 

anticipated contract (controlled by Signal Corps) calls 

for experimental models to be delivered one year after 

the award date. NSA will provide contract liaison on 

keyer portions of the equipment. 

27 

:EOP BECH! 
d. AFSAY 816 

Eight channel full duplex micro'WB.ve radio relay speech 

security equipment employing 8 kc sampling and 32 level PO)( des .... 

cription. Total baud rate is 320 kc. The crypto-component using 

auto-key techniques supplies an additive binary key derived fr6m 

irregularly stepping electr'bnic rings. Tube complement approxi-

:ne. tely 600. 

Size and Weight; 9 l::e.ys; 2 ,250 lbs; includes 1 OOJ'' 

stand.by equipment. 

Development Status; Two terminals using laboratory models 

have been in operation 8 hours a da.;r with ~ outage.,. 

Plans to construct two additional laborato:ey models have 

been dropped. 

28 
'fOP SB:mm' 

10. Delta Modulation Systems 

a. .AFSAY D801 

Single channel self-synchronous push-to-talk speech 

security equipment for use as an intercOIIDD.unication system over 

short wire links of excellent frequency response. Employs delta 

modulation coder operating at 50 kc. Low level noise is added to 

the speech input. Crypto-component is a cipher text auto-keyer 

using three shift registers in tandem. 

Size and WeiSUt: Purchase description requires that equipment be of desk height (approximately thirty and one-half 

(3oi inches), no wider than ten ( 10) inches, and less than 

twehty .. four ( 24-) inches in depth"; "weight of the equip ... 

ment shall be the minimum practicable, and in no event shall 

exceed three hundred (300) pounds". 

Develo:enent Statust .An 18-month contract was awarded in April 

195.3, calling for the delivery of a maximum of 8 final 

models in the latter part of 1954. No other construction 

is planned. 

29 

'feP s~ 
b. M§A.Y D804 

A low echelon, single channel, selt-synahr(j)nous, puSh,. 

to;-talk speech security equipment. Speech i.t:S sampled at a 25 kd 

rate and conver~ed to a binary signal by a delta modulation pr~ 

cea:s. Cr,ypto-component is a cipher text auto-keyer employing a 

40 baud shift register. Tube complement1 a.pptoximtel;y 90 min.-

iature. 

1 cubic foot; 3? lbs. 

liQvelo~nt Sta,tua1. Two laboratory models of' the .ArSA! nao4. · (~), (40 baud delay line, no ala:rtns) were .cohst:ru:frted 

locally and shipped to. the contractor who will construct 

a maximum df eight AFSAY D804 (X-}) models; (40 baud 

delay line, no alan:nS, 24 volt vehicular' opera.ti cm, 60 

tupes). These will be delivered by June 1954, A cQh ... 

tractor has delivered four models of the AFSAY D804 (x ... 2/ 

(40 baud delay line with option of' two randoin walk rings. . 

no alarms). Ohe labora. tory model of' the AFSAY D804 (X~4) has peen constructed and shipped to the cpntract. or, The 

(X-4) model has ii.umped constant delay lirl.es, two random 

Wa.lk rings and alarms. The cohtra.ctor,will build six 

engineering models with delivecy scb.eauled fdr November 

1953, :Future production plans will depend upon Service 

reception of the equipnent. 
11. Non-digital Systems 

a. AFSAY 830 _ 

Single channel, push-to-talk airborne speech privacy 

equipmento The speech signal is limited to the 480-·2200 cps band, 

amplitude sampled 5,040 times per second, stored and permuted 

within a frame of 12. A second model provides a perm..itation within a frame Qf 18. 

Size and Weigl1t (12-element model): 21" x 1 o!" x 8"; 35 lbs. 

Devel6pnent Status: Expected delivery date of the 18-element 

models has been changed to late 19530 NSA will receive 

two models for analysis. 

31 
'i'0F SBOR!a' 

PARr IV. FACSIMILE SECURITY EQUIPMENTS 

12. 

a. KFSAJ 700 (formerly KFSAX 500) 

-

An electronic key generator originally designed for the 

encryption of facsimile transmissions with AN/UXC-2 from fixed 

plant and shipboard installations. Alternatively the AFSAJ 700 

may be used in conjtmction with the ancillary equiP111ent AN/FGC-5 

to encipher u;p to four standard teletype channels or with the ancillary equipment AN/FGC-14 to encipher up to eight standard teletype channels. Operates at 1000 bauds per second. Crypto-component 

supplies an additive binazy key derived from a key generator containing eight electronic keyer rings. 

Size and Weignt ( est:iJDated)c 3 bays; total weight 2500 lbs. 

Development Status: Eighteen models of the key generator have 

been completed. They will shortly undergo service tests 

on a Washington, D.C. - San Francisco link. A test terminal will require three key generators as follows: one 

keyer for transmission, one keyer to check the transmit 

keyer and one keyer for reception, on each of the three 

equipments AN/UXC-2, AN/FGC-5 and AN/FGC-14. Current 

contract provides for delivery cf total of 102 equipments 

for US use by end of 1954 at rate of eight a month. 

32 
b. AFB.AX D50 3 

A facsimile security equ;ipnent designed for the encryption 

and transmission of black and white copy over land-line and VHF 

radio links. Together with ancillary transmission equipment, the 

,4$AX :P503 w.U L provide secure facsimile comm.uni cations over HF 

1"8.dio, Operates at rates between 500 and 12,000 bauds per second. 

Q:rypto-eornponent suppl.ies an ad.di ti ve binary key from a 59 stage 

\token equipped with automatic message indicator. The key failure 

alarm has been changed to increase ~ts effectiveness, Qheck is 

ma4e for failure of' either partial key, A1 and B4 outputs (see 

Figure 1, BRUSA C/S 203), failure of special point deletion, B6, 

or failure of the final key addition, A2. Failure of partial key 

is checked by requiring at least two changes within a frame of 64 

elements. Failure of special point deletion or final key addition 

or both is checked by circuits similar to the Qipher Failure alarm. 

~noluded also are an alann and gate to insure that the output is 

removed in the event of an alarm. 

Size and Weight: 2011 x 30" x 60"J 475 lbs. 

Deve:l.opment Status: Two laboratory models are currently in 

use by a non-Ser-v·i ce organization. Two design approval 

models are ready for evaluation at the contractori s site. 

Si:ic additional ·engineering models are expected by October 

1953. Sub-miniature requirement has been deleted. 

33 
c. AFSAX D505 

A facsimile security equipment designed for the encryption 

and transmission of black and white copy over long distance wire 

lines or HF radio. A single fixed plant cif'ax transmitter (AFSAX 

D505/1) will broadcast to a number of cifax receivers (AFSAX D505/2). 

The AFSAX D505/1 consists of three independent crypto-components 

with automatic alarms and three cipher combining circuits. .Automa.tic switchout of defective contribution is accomplished without 

loss of transmission. The AFSAX D505/2 consists of one cryptocomponent and simple alarm circuitry. Baud ra. te is approximately 

1000 bib per second. Crypto-component supplies an additive binary 

key from a 37 stage Koken device. 

Development Status~ Request for bids has been issued. Initial 

contract calls for one engineering model of the AFSAX D505/1 

and two engineering models of the AFSAX D505/2. It is anticipated that a second contract will be awarded in 1955 

calling for pre-production models which will undergo service 

tests. 
d. AFSAZ D7306 

Cifax wire transceiver e·quipnent oein~ developed to 

tra.nsmi t 1650 bi ts per second over any toll line. Project is being 

engineered locally from Bell Telephone Laboratoriesl (Mr. A. o. 

Norwine) experimental circuitry. Engineering models being constructed have optional transmission rate of 1800 bits per second. 

Size and Weight (estimated): 1 drawer; 35 lbs. 

Development Status: Original schedule ca.lled for engineering 

mod.els by 1 October 1953, but testing has been delayed 

because of the inability to obtain common carrier f'acili ties, 

35 

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'f SP s~ 

e. AFSAZ D7308 - Halftone Cifax Maptor 

A .t1 level quantizer which converts half-tone copy into 

digital form, the information rate being dependent upon the facsimile speeds and the degree of coding necessary to sufficiently 

describe representative copy. Equipment will be used with the 

.AFSAX D503 security equipnent and the AFSAZ D7300 transmission 

equipment. 

Size and Weight (estimated): 3 drawers: 100 lbs. 

Developnent Status: Preliminary evaluation of applied research 

to determine the amouht of information required to sufficiently 

describe representative copy is e:xpected by 1 October 1953. 

Two laboratory models will be available for Service evaluation 

by 1 January 1954. After final evaluation of copy require• 

ments and laboratory equipments, a contract will be awarded 

for prototype models. 

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14. One~time Tape Production Equipments 

a. AFSAW 7200 

This equipment consists of a random key generator, 

associated electronic circuits and five tape punches, Ea.ch 

punch unit pun0hes 2 identical tapes• Each punch will operate 

randomly with respect to each of the other punches or 2 to 5 

punches may punch identical tapes. Opera ting speed is 900 

characters per minute. 

Size and Weight: 4' x 3' x 3t'; 750 lbs. 

Production Status: A number of these machines are currently 

in use producing one time key-tapes. 

37 
This equipment c¢nsists of a randem key generator and 

associated electronic circuits, a set of 5 punches and tape check~ 

~g means.. Each ptmch prod.ucefJ 2 identical tapes. Each pu:nCh 

JDB,.y operate randomly with res.:pect tp each of the other punclies or 2 

to 5 punches may ptm:ch identical tapes~ The equipnent will operate 

at 3600 characters per minute. The equipnent will be used'. to gen .... 

erate 100,000 character rolls of key tape. 

Size .and Weight1 The size a.I'ld weight have not been deter-

, ' mined; hciwever, they shquld cc:JDl?.re fa votably w'i th tbe 

USAW 72QO. 

· Dq11e}Ql!!Sn~ta tu~1 Experim:en tal WQrk. bas been ih. i tia t~ • . I)eVel nt will be aecQJIIplished cm contract. 

38 
15. One-time Key Tape Checki:ng Equipment 

a• .AFSAW D7213 (DONNA) 

A high speed electronic tape checking eqtiiprnent con~ 

sisting of' three parts: (l) a photelectric tape reader, (2) an 

electronic decade cotlllting tulit and (3) a relay m;tor control anit. 

The photoelectric tape.reader is designed to accomodate either 

10,000 or 100,000 character tapes; three or f'our tape readers a.re 

supplied with each counter unit. The electronic counter discriminates, 

compares and counts the pulses from the t~e reader and gives a 

visual indication of a good or bad tape together with the actual 

numerical cot.mt. The relay motor control unit selects an available 

tape reader and controls the speed, stopping and reversing of the 

motors during a run. Twenty diff'erent cowits are ma.de on each tape. 

Size and Weight: Tape reader: 20" x 15" x 13"; approximately 

60 lbs. Cormter: two standard 19" cabinet racks 7' high and 

one 24" cabinet rack 7 ' high; approximately 1 500 lbs. 

Production Status: One machine coJl!>leted and in operation. Five 

additional machines being constructed. 

39 
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'FOP SEOR:B'F 

16. Letter Check Generating Equipment: 

a. AFSAW 7203 (LEECH) 

A relay-operated machine for automatically genera.ting 

36-45 letter checks for POLLUx/ADONIS (AFS.All 7) and ATHENA/ 

PYGKALION/IRIS (AFSAlC 9/AFSAZ D7315) crypto-systens. In conjunction with associated IBM equipment, the AFSAW 7203 reads previously prepared IBM cards on v.hich key list inf'ormation, including rotor order, notch and alphabet ring alignments, has been 

punched; sets up the various crypto-components accordingly with the 

rotors aligned at "AAA ••• A", steps them _35 positions in accordance 

with the applicable rule of m0tion; and then punches in the original 

IBM card ten successive encipherments of' the .letter "L" f'or POLLux/ 

AOONIS (or ten successive decipherments of the "LETTERS" character 

for ATHEN.A/PYGJlALION/IRIS) as the rotors step from position 36 

through position 45. The !Bl{ cards are then used for the preparation of printed key lists. Entire operation takes approximately 

:four seconds. 

Size (approximate): 

Production Status: 

in opera ti on. 

150 cu. ft. 

One locally constructed equipment now 

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b •. .AFSAW Dl221 (MOOSE) 

A relay operated machine which generates letter check 

groups for MARS (.AFS.AM 36) and OLYMPUS (M-209) crypto-systems. 

The machine transposes the columns of lug settings on a previously 

prepared master card and punches the transposed columns onto a key 

list card (IBM type) containing previously prepared pin settings. 

The lug and pin settings from the key list card are used to generate a letter check which is printed on the same card. 

Size and Weight: 7' x LJ- 1 x 51 ; approximate 2000 lbs. 

Developnent Status: One locally constructed model is in final 

testing stage. 

Security Status: Not applicable. 

BRUSA C/S References: 

U. S. Papers: None 

U .. K. Papers: None. 

41 
17. Automatic Rutar Wiring Eguipment 

a • .AFSAW D7215 

The automatic rotor wiring equipment consists of three 

machines rele. ted to each other in a manner to penni t automatic 

transfer of the rotor bobbin from one machine to the other during 

processing. The first machine wires the bobbin in accordance with 

a particular system, seals the wires in the bobbin and cuts the 

wires to length. The second machine strips the insulation from 

the tips of the wires and tins them. The third machine inserts 

the bobbin in the rotor and solders the wires to the proper lugs. 

Size and Weight (estimated): Wiring machine~ 11 1 x 2' x 61 ; 

1300 lbs. Stripping 'and tinning machine - 5' x 3' x 4-1 ; 

800 lbs. Assembling and soldering machine ... 4-' x 2' x 4-"; 

500 lbs. 

Development Status: The wiring machine is nearly completed. 

Th,_, stripping and tinning machine is being detailed. The 

assembLing and soldering machine is in the design stage. 

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PART VI. SPOOIAL RJRPOSE CRYPJ!O-~UIPMENI'S 

18. 

a. .AFS.AM 499 (Au thentioa tion Device) 

A small, manually operated, mechanical device for 

station and message authentication. Consists of two i.Jldividually 

rote.ta"ble shaf'ts, each carrying 13 mixed alphabet disks and two 

'l'he 1leovcts fom a movabl@ grill with a let 11 for reacling 

the lettere on the diskb beneath. Provides for a two-letter 

ohallenge and a two-letter reply. 

Sime and Weight: 5t" x 3t" x 1 3/4"; 2t lba. 

lroc!uotion Statu1: Toeling ha1 been completed and moat ct 

-the oomponenta tor the initial production run of 2100 

models, scheduled tor deli very in September 1953, are 

ready for a11embly. 

43 
b. AFS.AM 498 (Authentication Device) 

A small, manually operated, pneumatic device for station 

and message authentication. Consists of ten 15-point rotors with 

rotatable alphabet rings, a reversing rotor with points banded in 

five sets of three each, a single input bellows, and fourteen output bellows. These components are contained in a small metal case., 

Provides a five letter challenge (set~up on the rotors, which are 

movable in separate pairs) and a two-letter reply (displayed by 

the activation of two of the output bellows). 

Size and Weight (approximate): 4t" x 3 3/4" x 2"; 1-l: lbs. 

Development Status: One development model has been constructed 

locally. Mechanical ccmponents and cases for five improved 

development models are being fabricated locally, and five 

sets of glass pneumatic rotors are to be supplied by a 

commer<~ial contractor.- After these models have been evaluated, a contract for f'urther development of this device 

will be negotiated. 

44 
, 

• 0 

(if?B .,. ~i'Y I~Qtf 

o, ~ DJ1, (Weather Cipher Devide) ' . ' . -

The AFSAlC D31 is a manually operated,, tape printing, 

cipher deyice using a five l~vel one.,..time key tape, intended for 

~e ais a cipher device to encrypt digital 'm:l0. ther inf'onna tion. 

The cas~ and the bar drum of the )( ... 209 are m~ed. The key Wheels 

a~ replaced by a tape reader. The printing m~chaniSlll is modified 

so that th~ plain text characters are the ten digits, "X" ~ "/" 

and ~$pace-". The cipher characters are the 26 letters of' the 

alphabet. Qperating speed is the same as the M-209~ 

7!" x .5i!t x .3i"; %- lbs. 

~E~JpStatui;Ji One comp. lete machine has been con~tructedo 

· ewhe'el ass~blies have been constructed for conv~rsion of A.FSAlc D21 to AFSAIC p31. 

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S"ECTION B. U. K. CRYPrOGP.AP.HIC EQUIHiIENTS 

PART I. LITERAL CYPHER MACHINES. 

1. Machines requiring no external source of power. 

(a) PJRTEX. 

A small hand operated off-line tape printing cypher machine with 

an electrical permuting maze designed for low echelon use. Electrical power 

to operate the maze is derived from a self-contained 4-5-volt dry battery 

good for over 100,000 operations. Speed 10 w.p.m. The cryptographic unit 

consists of an eight 26-point rotor maze with a crossover at the cypher end; 

the rotors step in two four-rotor cyclometric cascades. Each rotor consists of 

an insert and a housing; the insprt is selected from a set of sixteen and can 

be fitted in the housing in any one of the twenty-six possible angular positions, 

the housing is f'itted with a rotatable alphabet tyre. 

Size of machine: 1 21-rr x 61-11 x 7" , + accessories 9" x 7-2

1

" x 4". 2 2 

Total weight 34 lbs. 

Production State: No orders will be placed until after completion. 

of user trials in September 1953. Production would 

start eighteen months after placing of firm order. 

Probable order is estimated at 2000 and the cost 

between £100 and .£250 each. 

Radiation: No detailed investigation has been ma.de but it 

is considered to be secure particularly for the 

purpose in view. 

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2. Power driven Literal Cypher Machines. 

(a) TYPEl 2. 

A power driven keyboard operated tape printing cypher machine with 

a five 26-point rotor reciprocal permuting maze with a pluggable 

reflector. Rotors consist of a housing with a rotatable notch ring 

and alphabet tyre into which can be fitted reversible wired inserts 

selected from a set of fourteen. Only three rotors turn during the 

encryption of a message. The cryptogram is arranged in groups of 

five letters, a check printer is provided. 

Size and Weight (in transit case): 3' x 21 x 1 13": 1~0 lbs. 

Production State: No more of these machines will be manufactured • 

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(b) TYPEX 22. 

Thu genere.l purpose U.K. cypher machine; similar to the Typcx 2 

except that all rotors turn during the encryption of a message and a 

pluggable crossover is provided at the entry (and exit) to the maze. 

R'1.dio.tion: 

( c) 'ITPEX 23 • 

No detailed investigation has been madu but it is 

considered to be: secure. 

.As for Typex 22 but ad'.tptcd for C. C.M. 

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( c) roRTEX Ili. 

A keyboard operated motor driven version of the PORTEX I. Operating 

speed 130 characters per minute. 

Status: One development model constructed. Adoption of the 

machine depends upon policy for the adoption of 

PORTEX I. 

Radiation: No detailed investigation has been made but it is 

considered to be secure particularly for the 

purpose in view. 

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( d) SINGLET 

A keyboard operated motor driven tape printing cypher machine having 

a ten 36-point rotor non-reciprocal permuting maze using re-entry technique 

with a pluggable crossover at the cypher end. The keyboard will provide for. 

the encryption of the f\111 combined teleprinter alphabet as laid down in 

.ii.OP 126 plus the punctuation marks, comma, colon, question mark, quote mark. 

In addition, the letters J and Z will be recovered in the upper case and 

facilities will be provided for encrypting carriage return and line feed. 

. The cryptogram will consist of letters arranged in groups of five; a check 

printer will be ~rovided. Inter-operation with J'IFSAM 7 and PENDRi~N will 

be possible, 

Estimated size and weight: 2f cu.ft, 75 lbs. 

Status: 

Radiation: 

A model to com~ly with the latest specification (agreed in 

April 1953) due for demonstration March 1954. 

Has .yet to be investigated. 

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(e) PEND&lGON 

Higher echelon variant of SINGL"!!:T. Operates automatically from tape 

input and designed for use with both one-wire and five-wire page printers 

and other teleprinter ancillary equipments. Will interwork with SIN1-LET and. 

Estimated size and weight: 3 cu. ft. 100 lbs. 

Status: .A. model to comply with latest specification (agreed in 

.ii.pril 1953) due for demonstration June 19~. 

Radiation: Has yet to be investigated. 

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(f) ROCKEX 

.An off-line teleprinter cyphering equipment using a six unit one-time 

key tape. Accepts 31 characters and by means of an electronic stunt 

suppression unit produces an all-letter crypt~gram in five letter groups, 

ten groups tn the line and five lines to a paragraph. A new unency-~hered 

sequential indicator is used at the beginning of each paragraph. Operates 

at either Creed or Teletype speed. 5-wire and electronic versions have 

been produced f~r use where there is a danger of interception of radiated 

plain text signals. 

Status: 

Radiation: 

In use. Out of pr•>duction. 

It is considered by the U.K. that the .5-wire 

(Rockex 4) and the electronic (Rockex J) versions 

are secure. 

Previous models are inherently insecure and 

security is compromised by radiation • 

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PJi.RT II. TELEPRINTER SECURITY EgUIP.MENTS. 

3. Non-Synchronous with Electro-mech:l.nical Crypto-Con1ponents. 

(n) MINSTER. 

Interim equipment for on-line non-synchronous (start-stop) point to 

point usage over wire circuits. Ha.lf-duplex operation. Crypto-component is a 

rotor maze generating additive key l:2Sing six 31-point double rotors. W..a.ze 

steps at alt~rnate enCT.fPherments. ··-. 

Estimatt:d Size c.nd Weight: 2' x 2' x 3' 150 lbs. 

Developm.ent Status: Development complete, Placing of contracts 

awaits clarification of user requirar£nts, 

Radi.'l tion: The equipment is inherently insecure and it muRt be 

assumed th:lt security is comrrornised by radiation, 

Remedial m1::asures would involve re-design, 

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Page 54 

( b) MET.ROPOL'E. 

~ on-line non-synchronous (start-stop) cypher machine.· Intended 

for switched wire circuits on a half-duplex basis. 

. Differs from Minster in that the crypto system would be pennuting, 

but the details have not yet been defined. 

Estimated Size and Weight: J~pprox. same as Minster. 

Development Status: 2 laborator,y models using six 31 point rotors 

have been produced. 

Radiation: The equipment is inherently insecure and it must be 

assl.Diled that security is compromised by radiation. 

Remedial measures would involve re-design. 

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( c) MERCURY (Non-synchronous). 

An on-line non-synchronous {start-stop) cypher machine. For use 

on switched wire or point-to-~oint land circuits on a half-duplex basis. 

Uses similar scrambler to synchronous MERCURY i.e. 31 point double rotors and 

a rotor controlled message maze motion. 

Size and Weight: 21 x 21 x 31 approx 200 lbs. 

Status: Used by Air Ministry on land line links between Europe and 

Radiation: 

U.K. 

The equipment is inherently insecure and it must be 

assumed that security is oonr~romised by radiation. 

Remedial measures would involve re-design. 

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4. Non-Synchronous with Electronic Crypto-Component. 

(a) PHILOMEL (modified ROLLICK). 

Non-synchronous equipment using subtracter (additive) key derived 

from an electronic key generator ( singJ.e TUTrr.E) employing multi-cold-cathode 

tubes. Long tenn (maximum daizy) cypher setting is changed by means of plugs 

and counter settings: a character counter device is fitted to enable operators 

to regain synchronism on the original key cycle following temporary loss due 

to line faults and operator errors between plug changes. This new method of 

resetting replaces the random generator setting. To limit the dangers of 

insecure radiation the equipment is arranged to be capable of control by 

electronic-keying methods. 

teleprinter position. 

Philomel can be remotely controlled from the 

Size ar.d Weight: 4' 6" x 19" x 12" 250 lbs. 

Development Status: Contract for 115 equipments placed ancl due for 

completion May 1954. The first 50/60 will require 

retrospective action to incor-~orate the character 

counter and electronic keying modifications to 

change them from Rollick to Philomel. 

Radiation: The equipment is inherently insecure in its normal fonn 

but can be readily adapted for electronic-keying in which 

case it is considered that it probably would be secure. 

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(b) CONVERTOR NO. 5 (See Page 61). 

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5. Synchronous EqttliJ.'11.ent with 'Electro-Mechanical Cmto-Com-ponent. 

( u.) cmcurT i\i'ERCTJP..Y. 

Sin6fo ch.ar..ne::l Jujilex, synchronous equi:JZnent o:)erating at r.ites o:t' 

1~5 or 50 bauds. .&i.cccj;ts .31 cm~racters (excluding blanks) from remote tele-

, printers. DoE::s not, but could, provide traffic flow security. Crypto-comJ:onent 

consists of two rotor I!l.azes, one with six 31-point double rotors for encyphcrmt.mt :ma. the other with four 31-point double rotors for motion control. Uses · 

rel~y 5/32 trn.nsln.tors. TTsea. by the .ii.i.r Ministry. over long-list9.nce radio 

teleprinter circuits. 

Siza and Weight: Two 2' x 21 x 3' consoles a.nd one 6' x 19" raok :iH~r 

duplex terminal. Wt. apj}rox. 500 lbs. 

~~ta tus: In use 'ind in production. 

Ralia.tion: The equipment is inherently insecure and it must 

be r;.,3sun:.ed tha.t security is compromised by radiation. 

Re!.!1\i..li~l !:•~n:eures would invol vc re-c"..esign. 

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P.:lge 59 

('c;) .:.P~.lJ-t.i .. 'rTJS 5 UCO SINGLE CHl\.NNEL NO. 1. 

Single channel duplex synchronous equipment using random one-timu 

f'i ve unit t:..:.:'c for C'j_pher key. ~~ccc:::Jts 31 characters (excluding blank).. By 

unin~~ ~'. w·4gn.::::t opcr.3..tea. ta.j_Je rea:ler, facilitie::i f'or the encry-,f'tion of all 32 

ti::lt=~J:)rinter char'.'l.cters cn.n be }?rovidea. De~i~no~ to give traffic flow security ~ . 

but thi:J facility h.."..s rectintly b<:Jen founJ. to be inadt:qun.te ancl :i modification 

unit i~ being designed to rectify this deficiency. ~quipm~nt is us~a on long-

'.:i3t'.lnce telegraph circuits over I'fl.dio :ind wire. 

Size: One 61 x 19" double sided rack p<:)r ck.:;,:lex terminal. Weight ~50 lbs. 

!.)tatw::: In use; !lncl in production at r~te of six <;quipments per month. 

Existing orders will be carn.:._.,leted early in 1954. 

r.D. ]fa tion: The equipment is inher~ntly inee~ure and it rr.ust be 

assumed that security is compromised by raliation. 

Rer.i.e:lia.l measures would involve re-design • 

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6. Synchronous Equipments with Electronic Crypto Component. 

(a) i:..RTICHO:i\.t:. 

Twin.channel duplex synchronous system using subtracter (additive) 

key derived fr:::im an electronic key generator (double TUTT:!!:) employing multicold-cathode tubes. ~·~cccpts 31 ch.<trn.cters ( 0xcluding blanks) from remote 

start/stop teleprinter Qncillarics or 32 characters from tape. In the 

twin chn.nnel condition each channel transmits at 35/53 b~uds for.50/75 baud 

11;1llt. In the twin channel input single channel time division multiplex output 

condition the input spc~d per channel is 50/75 baud.a and the transmission speed 

70/106 bauis. Provijcs traffic flow security. .Basic.cypher setting of eaoh 

key gcner::i:tor is 2c1ri.cm.;-C. by ::10"'-ns of 27 plugs chos<m from a set of 80 according 

to a key list: interim re-sets n.re effected by ?- quasi-random setting of the 

counters and a 64 position cyclometer switch which is advanced one position for 

en.ch rest:t. Plugs ['..re chnnge:l com:;:,letely after every 64 rasets. To be 

em_;:;:oy•.;d on l(.mg distnnce radio and wire teleprinter circuits. 

Size: Onu 7' x 19" doubl~ sided rack j_Jer twin channel d.uplex system. 

For vehicle installation the equipment can bo mounted on one 

double-sid.Gl 5' 3" rack ancl one single si•lctl 4-' x 8" rack. 

i'iei~ht 700 lbs. 

~~ Engine~ring ( ".u.") r.10J.el J.emonstrate.'l in 1952. Service trials 

of ::r..nuf:icturcrs ("B") moC.els duti to com1nence in 

Oot;:ibcr 1953; :;;,ro-luction at 6 p~r month due to start July 1954-. 

R'3.,.-tiation: If a.:."1.::tctl for clc.:ctronic keying it is consLlere,l that it 

w0ul l :Jrob~?.bly be secure. 

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( b) 00NV1illiTOTI N·_,~ 

Key T.1~~.;; Eliuinator for use with ~<1::'1r.tus 5 UCO. Consists of ~ 

electronic key [~ime~.tor (1:-!.·)ublci TU'l''::i!':) similr'..r to thP.t used in ~'...RTICIIOK"m. 

The setting of the key renarn.tor is identical to that in ~·:.RTICHOim exco}•t t!1".t 

the qun.si-re..n-!om settilli~ of the counters is re:Jl ~.c<:i-'!. by. counter setting a.ccort'iing t::i k~y li~ts. Synchronous o:;.:ioro.tion is dcri ·.red from the .. 1.;:i~~.rntus 5 UC~::, 

trnffic flow ~3·~curity is provided. 'rhe equi::.;imcnt can be converted. c..t a mom1:mt 1 s 

notice f0r mF~ .'\S .'). self-c·:mt~inerl start/sto~· ·:in-line tele:.,1rinttlr cy-_f)her ·l•ivice 

Sizw ! On.;;; sini.\le sir1us. 6 1 rack. Wt. 500 lbs. • 

8b.tus: ~href.; ~veloiIDlen+. moduls du.;; in Nov~nber 1953. 

Radi~.ti-:>n: If a:la:1tc~!_ for electronic keyi.ng it is considered. th.'lt 

it W?uld ?robably be secure. 

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7. Self-Synchronising (.i.i.uto-Key) Equipment. 

(a) INCUB.l~TOR ( late Ciiilli~X). 

IA. start/stop cy~,-.her text auto key teleJrinter cy-pher device for half'-

duplex working. The object of the device is to provide the maximum security at 

a minimum cost and to this end the error multiplication £actor inhe.rerit in a 

self-synchrQnising system of this type.is to be investigated - the·delay line 

f'rom which the cypher key is derived is forty elements long. The error multi-

., 

:plioa.tion factor limits the use of the equipment to good quality wire and radio 

circuits. 

Size: Not yet determined. 

Status: One breadboard model has been com;ileted and tested on a line 

com:;.:irising 8 v.F. channels in tandem. Magnetic binary 

circuits are being employed for the delay line and hard 

valves with some magnetic binaries for the remainder of' ~he 

equipment. Two models are to be produced for fi&ld trials 

to determine whether the error multiplication £actor oe.n 

be aoce~ted in practice. 

Radiation: If' adapted for electronic keying it is considered that 

it would ;irobably be secure. 

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PART III SPEECH SECURITY EQUIPMH:NTS. 

B. Vocoder Systems. 

(a). BANGLE. 

Single charmel duplex fixed plant speech security system for 

line 

use over land/or long distance HF. radio. Require• one 5 Kc or two 

3 Kc transmission channels. Uses a 12 channel vocoder (10 spectrum 

and 2 independent pitch channels each quantized into 9 levels). 

Crypto-component consists of ·12 independent random keys furnished on 

35 mm. film. Tube complement approximately 2000. 

Size and Weigl:t: 14 bays of equipment either fixed plant or 

in 3 special vehicles. 

Status: Land-line trials carried out in U.K. over period 

March-July 1953. Radio trials scheduled for early 

19.54.. Only four equipments to be completed; size, 

weight and administrative problems preclude general 

adoption of this equipment,.· 

Radiation: Has not been investigated but is believed t~ be 

secure. 

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(b) SORCERER 

epeeah 

Single channel full duplex/security equipment f?r use over land lines, 

short and lona haul radio circuits. Uses nine channel vocoder (8 spectrum 

and 1 pitch). Crypto-component will be Convertor No. 5 supplying additive 

key. 

Status: Two models for demonstration on a back-t~-back basis, 

each consisting of four racks of equipment are due for 

completion in Autu!III'.l 1953. It is expected that the 

final model will be considerably smaller. 

Radiation: Has not been investigated but believed to be 

secure. 

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9. Pulse code modulated Systems. 

I 

(a) D 70 (CrYpto component Blue Boy) 

Twelve channel full-duplex microwave relay speech s~curity 

equipment. Twenty-four teleprinter channels may be furnished by time 

multiplexing in lieu of one telephone channel. Speech channels are 

quantized to 32 PCM levels. Each channel ~ sampled 7000 times per 

second, resulting in a total rate of ~20 kilobauds. :Employs an 

electronic key generator (TUTTE). 

Status: Two repackaged development models of the key 

generator due for completion by end of 1953. 

Radiation: Has not been investigated but believed to be secure. 

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(b) TRUMPErER. 

A development project, the ultimate ail1t is ·co provide a low echelon 

airborne or ground push-to-talk speech security equipment. The cryptocomponent will consist of a cypher text auto-key device. The method of 

speech coding is not yet decided, but P.C.M. is under consideration. 

Status: In the early development stage. A first development 

model of the key gene:..•ator employing gas tubes due 

for completion October 1953. 

Radiation: Should be secure. 

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10. Dtll ta .M.ouu.la. tion Systems. 

(c) F.:ALLMARK II. 

Single channel, self-Aynchr~n~us push-t,,•talk speech security 

·equipment. Speech is san:pled at 33.3 Kc. rat:.; rJ.·rirJ is quantized by 

e. cJelta modulation scheme. NoisC:; is injocted in parallel with the 

spt:ech input. Encypherment is provided by thr~e !ruto-key stages in 

c:\r.:cr.Ldt:i. The equipment is primarily deaigneJ .f.')1' use.; over tactical 

line-1)1"-sight radio circuits. Alternative methods of opt:;ration are 

possible es foll,,wa:-

(1) Lin~ of sight radio: Push to talk with singl~ koy 

generator at each terminal. 

( 2) Special wire lines (4 wire): Full duplex with :'3epar11.t1.:: 

key g€:>nt:irator a.t each terminal f'or send and rcci.::ive. 

(3) ~Vhl.n additional s1.;;curity is r~quired for line or radio: 

:F'ull duplex or push to talk with two key gt)nerators in 

G~ries ~t each t~rrninal for ench direction of transmission. 

Siz1.:: and Weight: ~lta modulator 20" x 16" x 14". 80 lbs~ 

Er-.ch key generator u.nit 20 11 x 16" x 14"· 107 lba. 

ProJucti·n StntuD: Pri:iJuction pl'"oto"!ype models 

Radie. ti or.: 

under test. 1-rnduction of sufficient models 

to p.::rmit full scalu troop trials :lue +,o 

utart 1355. 

Ha.a not been investigated but b~lieved to be secure. 

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( J.) PICKWICK 

A single channel du:tilex ciphony syster.1 for use on land lines of music 

(program) circuit quality. It is intemlei for use on a special switchei 

network. Speech is Delta. mo'lulaterl o.t a sr,.mpling rete of 15·,000 per 

second. Ency-.i:'h~rment is by means of plain text <.'.ut0-key ·consisting of 

four 32-2oint rings. Transmission system is 4 levels at 7 ,500 bauds. 

Size: One cubicle 61 611 x 2011 x 20". Weight 400 lbs. 

Production Status: Two rfovelo-.Jment r:io:"!.els hn.ve been produced 

rm.-~ subjecte'-1 to lim::.. te~l trials on a 170 mile 

music circuit. 

Ra::lin. tion: Has not been investigatecl, but believa;i to be secure. 

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PART IV. FACSIMILE SECURITY SYSTEM. 

11. MOUNTEBliNK (LATE :MF1']1.JUC) • 

' u 

A system for the encypherment of black and white meteorological 

charts and similar data. On the interim model the traP..J!Jllitted signal 

_ when used on a single channel basis is e.t the rate of approximately 

1:000 bauds. The final model will operate at 1750 bauds to provide 

for standard facsimile equipment transmitting charts 2011 x 16" in a 

time of some 30 minutes. The crypto component is an electronic key 

generator operating on the Tutte-Tutte principle but incorporating 

also an 8 long random walk ring. The key output is added to the 

signal. The method of startin~ the key generatars in step is a frame 

synchronising system similar to that used in 1.FSAY D 808. 

Size: Transmit/Receive Terminal is 2 .Racks each ~' x 2011 

plus one m0nitoring receiver. 

Receive Terminal is 2 Racks each 6 1 x 2011 • 

Radiation: Has yet to be investigated. 

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PART V. CRYPI'OLOGIC EQUIPMENTS. 

12. One-Time Pad Production Equipment. 

( o. ) TRIMMER. 

Represents the first effort towards utilisine electronically 

eenerated random signals for the production of one-time pads. Source 

of signals is an electronic randomizer similar to that used in several 

other applications (e.g. 5 UCO key tape). Output is printed on wide 

carriage electroma.tic typewriters. Format programming is controlled 

by a unit using rotary line finder telephone switches. 

Status: One multiple equipment operating five independent 

outputs has been constructed. Method of bringing 

it into operational use is being studied. 

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13. ~-:~im~1_~_e_Prq~~Q_tion Equipme~tl!~. 

(a) ROCiiliX KE.~'flf~Q.R_~ 

Mquipment for producing randomly perforated five-level tape. 

Source of random input signal is an unstable multi-vibrator requiring 

critical adjustment. A separ.ate source is provided for each stream of 

holes in the tape. Paragraphing is punched into the tape and is 

accomplished by the para'"'raphing unit. 

Status: ~quipment currently in use and adequate supplies 

exist. No furthar production contemplated~ 

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(b) 5 UCO KEY GENl!:RATQlh 

~quipment for producing randomly perforated five-level tape with 

same type of randomizer as used in TRIMMER. A pulse generator is used to 

time the random source from the reperforators which are frE:e running with 

clutch locked out. Perforator operatint speed is 400 characters per minute 

(same as rate of usage). 

Status: 200 produced. No :f'urther production contemplated. 

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1h. One-time Key Tape_ Checking Eguipmenh 

High Speed Checker for 5 UCO key tape. 

Electronic, high speed checker for 100,000 character spools of random tape 

used in the Apparatus 5 UCO No.1. Makes the following counts and prints 

out the results:-

(1) Plain stream (5 counts) 

(2) Delta streams (5 counts) 

(3) Oombinations 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 4 and 5, 1 and 3, 

2 and 4, 3 and 5, 5 and 1 (eight counts). 

(4) 15 consecutive dots in delta stream (5 counts) 

(5) 3 consecutive strikes in delta characters (1 count) 

Status: Three equipments built, fourth in course of construction. 

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P.tillT VI. SPf!.iCii.i.L PUR..".:lQSi!: CRYPl'O EQUiaiENT. 

15. I.F.F'. Mk. X. Code Ch.'lngcr f0r Mode I. 

This is a s:mall mechanical 26 point maze of 5 rotors. It is driven 

by a clockwork cl:)ck an•1 the drums move a.t the C·'..)8.e chn.nging interval. 

It has not been finally :1.ecid.ed whether this will be 5 mins, or 15 L'lins. 

The maze has a 5 wire output to ~roiuce the 5 unit bin1ry codes required. 

It is use(1 at groun·1. ra.:19..r I.1''.F. interrog:.~tors n.n:l in airborne 

·tmnsponders. 

Target size .'.lnd weight: ..:is small an~1 li:;ht '1.S ~)ossiblo, In ~ractice 

it may be n. cylin'.lor 4."/6" Dia.. an-1 about 

7" /9 11 long." Pressurise::.. Wt. un:ler 1 0 lbs. 

Develop~cnt Status: First .ievelopr,1ent moclels shoul·l. be available 

early 1954., but clock r.iay be ln.ter. 

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