•.. REF ID:A272562e 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

P»BB No. ,9 

Please/ind belm.o a communica&ion/rom the EXAMINER 

in charge of thia application. J..a.•o,. • ...• ~·, 'J1C' it • ._.~ 

Olnuniuianer of_ p...,.. 

- :~~ ':~ .-,-,~-) Henry D. Stauf1'el' MLL/cg Army Security Agency .... .,,,.·" 

23 ;oom-··~1i .... ·· . The Penta~on · Waahin(:ton 2:,i, u. C. 

Sar. No. 

FiW 

Far 

':Jilliarn. P. Fr1ec.ir.l811 

Reapons1 ve to o.mendueu.t of 1:a-;r 2G, 19!~.G. 

( 1) Tlle claim now case 

appear to be 1 to 10, 

50 all inclusive. 

(2) The 

14 to 25 s.nd 35 to 

re~ectotl ss 

of 

to 

l to 10, 12, 

-""_ma 41 to 50 are 

No• l,6~3,072 

loaea a plw•n!l ty of elements. 

in 

thro 

with •1er..alinz. elements 

a plu1"'al1ty of Juxtaposed rotatable 

for rotatinr, the 

nianner set forth in the rejected 

alaima is also proviued. 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 09-13-2013 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

Ex.a1:dner 
., 

·' ·'·. 

. -

REF ID:A272562 

• • 

IN THE UIU'tlCD STATES PA.TENT O~ICE 

I!; RE: Applioation of ~fILLUI F. FRIEDIAR * 

* 

Serial Humber Division 53 

682,096 * 

Filed * 

25 •TulJ 1933 

* 

For 

CRYP'!OORAPHIC SYS'lElf * 

* * * * * * * * * * * 

TO 1 The H.oncrable Conu.iissione:r of Patents 

Washint;-ton 251 D. c. 

) 

Sir: 

Thia is ill. response to P.c.tcr..t l'fflce action of JO r!.a;y 1945 

in t.he nbove-identU"iecl a.p9l:!..cation far patent. The case 

ic ~ing pr~secuted under the so-called three-year rule. 

Pleaoe amend the application as tollows1 

IN T'i!E CLAilSa 

Claims 26 through 341 and qJ • Cancel. 

Please add the f ollcwing clafr1s: 

41~- Inn c:eyptographic apparntua or the nature described, 

the combination. or. plurality or elements ir: the nature ot n keyboard, a. plll?'ality of signaling element.a 

electrically related to :i[d.d f'irst-mntioned '3lemen.ts, 

Cl plurality or juxtaposed :rotatable s~vitchhig clevices 

interposed electricall'1 betwe:·en said elements cf said 

groups to vary the electr1cal relations therebetween 

said devices bearing icion.tif71ng characters on. ti1eir 

peripheries, and ~lectrical means for rotating said 

UCVicco in stnlJ~iiSe faDhion to produce a.periodic permutative relations amonc; the aharacters on the peri• 

pheries of said devices. 
• REF ID:A272562e 

42. h method of encipheriD.g text cons is ting of textual 

cha:raoters which includes introducing a character 

to a cryptographic mae comprising a succession of 

cryptographic operations variable :il:1 steprlt:c. !ashio:n. 

r;;aid 1.V1.ze he.vine a plurall't7 or inputs and outputs 

tl8.Ch character ha.vi.rig its own input, varying the cr,:rptographie maze in pe:iomutative stepwise f a.shiou responsive 

to external a.periodic control •ans, and identifying 

t,he cipher aquivalent of the said character by the 

rslativ~ position of its output amoDg a plurality of 

outputs each cipher character having its own output. 

43. The m~thod of' enci}Jhering text consisting of characters 

w!:lich includes introducing a character to a or::ptogr~phic 

riaze 1w.·1b.g a plurality of inputs n."'ld outputs the selec• 

tion of r.~·t input depending upon the charantcr ltaeH' each 

character having its OTA1 input, V&r1il1g the cryptographic 

maze in per:mtative r~shion responsive to exterr..al a.periodic control means, c .. nd identifying the cipher "<JUivalent 

or the first-mentioned charact91" by the relative position 

of its output among a plurallt7 nt outputs each cipher 

character bavlllg its mm output. 

1 .. 1,,. 'l'Le method of enaipherbg text comprising ebaruoters which 

includes introducing ti character to a cryptographic maze 

including a plurality of cryptographic operations variable 

in stepwise fashion th£> steps being iv. interrelated succession the maze bav:l.Ilg a plurality of inputs and outputs 

each clv...1.racter having its own input, varying the steps or 

the cryptopoaphic m.ze 1n J;>81'11Utat1ve i'ashion in a succession determined b7 a coab1nat1on or substa..ntiall,y unpredictable keJ1Dg seq'IJ81'loea. 

2 
REF ID:A272562e 

45. !he method of encipher1n.r, text oom;1rioillg ~lphahetic 

characters by a succession or ir•tort"ela:OOd cr:rJY'"...ow 

eraphio st.eps under the control o~ u 1:eyir:g ce1u.enco 

of multi Mi t eode £,TOUPS which incltttlo n c-;li:.:1ina ti.."l.g 

!'rom the c:i.pher resultant or said text ~.ey ~".icrmutll.­

t.:i.ons of no.id cod!:- whic~1 hav" no equiva.lonts :L: the 

alpha"t being uaod hy using said code on4· to v-a.ry 

in ,~rmutative fnshion the af'oremontioned variQble 

ntops of the said cryptographic succession. 

46. The method of determining the l!lOtion of the individual 

rotors of u aeries of cr)'ptographic rotors which includes 'lpp1_ying thereto aperiodic controlling i?Lpulaes to provide a succession o:t~ te1::irediota.ble 

rot,a.tory ~·clation!l noonr.: the rotors. 

4'1. The method or determining the motion of eaob. C'I'Y!ltographio 

rotor of a series or such rotors which includes externa.ll._"! 

supplying an wip,-edictable succession of multiunit motion 

control code r,roup$ and utilizinc acid :rroupa tc control 

·the displacements of said rotors iri stepwise i'o.shion. 

4S. '.i'ho method of detarmining the motion of the individual 

rotors of a series of Jl c:ryptographic rotorr;'. :J.11 stepwi::;e 

fashion which :~ncli.u:leo :~u:1plying an unprerlictable sequc:nc1~ 

ot a-unit mot.ion eontrol corle croups the oteppi:l£' of a 

rotor depene.ing upon a predct~rmined 1r.1pulno in cu.ch or 

said successive code groups. 
REF· ID:A272562~ 

49. 'fne method c4 dete2'111ni.rlt the mo·tion cf the ii-.dividval 

rotorn of C. serieo Of' A Cl"YP~.!phic rotors it~ Dtep-

\~iae taahion which includes generutillf, a:~ w.p:i.'Odictable 

sequence ot a-unit code Groups the st1:::ppin{; of so.id 

rotors depe.ndi1:ig upon tho arranger.iont or tl1e impulses 

:tr.. said suecosoive code groups. 

;o. 'i'he method of determiuing the motion or the i!idi vidual 

rotors of a series ot a oeyptographic rotors in stepuise fashion which includes generati!li.~ .a plurnlit:y of 

unpredicto.ble sequences ot .a-unit c'!de groups, interacting the gft)UJJEI of said sequences (.tl'OUP by ~roup and 

util.iz.1nc tbl resultant aroupa to control the stepwise 

diaplacement ·or the rotors. 

liew Cla:tr.'l 41 is sinilar ":.c several or the cla:ir.l.a al:-ea.dy allo1rctl 

a.nc1 up~>ears to ~u-tl·c,;: ;10 O.i{tcndod ar~w:1cnt. l'he priricipa.l re~­

son for the submiasion of thia clairn io to point out :L."l more 

specific ~"13£:6 than alread1' appenrs tho fa.ct that the aperiodioiti, of the motmant of the rotors o.,. awitchL"lff devices re• 

sults in an unpredictable succession of rotatory keys. 

Applicant cannot conr.e-j.C" that !!ethod claims have no proper place 

1n tl:e present applict\ ticn, or, more particularl,y, that meoban• 

ical ?o~tures are neco3:l":l.rU, improper in method cl.3.1~•., or tl::t:l:h 

a method ola1.a need intJlude ~n object upon which an. operat~on is 

perf'Ol'Md. 

4 
REF ID:A272562 

e. 

Rew Cl.aims 42, 1+31 441 and 4S, however, while in essence 

like the original me'1lod claims ban been cl11.iT>:sd coapletelJ 

in form and are now.altogether dewid of cechanical limit&• 

tions; further, each claim :lncl'Udea a textual character 

wldoh 1.s "treated" ar •acted upon•. New method Claims 461 

47, 48,, 49, and 50 define me6bo4s tCJit determining the motion 

or the rotors or other elements ota cryp'i10gra.phic maze. 

These claims likewise contaia no mochanical features except 

the obJects upon tb1oh the methods are porf ormed. 

Since the nw method claims are directed to subjects matter 

which have lone been in the a.ppUoation and since th~ reJections ot tho original claw have been on the basis or form 

rather than substance, it is asBUIDed \hat no extended argu-. 

. ment with resi:ieo' to the new claJ.118 18 necessary. 

Continued prosecution under the ao-oalled three-year l"Dl.e 1a 

desired. 

Recorudderation and tavorable action are rcqueatea. 

Respeotf'ully, 

WIUIAM J:". FRIEDMAM, Applicant 

Jlis Attorne,. 

s 

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