1 ... S ee T EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 4.
2 ... S ee T EX. P EN ALC ODEA NN. § 3 6 .0 6 (V e rn o n S u p p . 2 0 0 8 ).



## COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH
NO . 2- 06- 453- CR
F R E DR I CK E AR LHU DS ON AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M THE 372ND DI STRI CT CO URT O F TARRA NT CO UN TY

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### M E M ORANDU M OP I NI ON 1

----- ----- -- A ppe l l ant Fr edr i ck Ear l H uds on a ppe al s hi s con vi ct i on f orr et al i at i on. W e 2
a f f i r m.3 ... See i d. § 2 9 .0 3 (a )(2 ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ).
4 ... See i

d. § § 1 2 .4 2 (3 ), 3 6 .0 6 (a )(1 )(A ) (V e rn o n S u p p . 2 0 0 8 ).
5 ... S eeT EX. C ODEC R I M. P RO C. A NN. a rt. 4 2 .0 8 (b ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 6 ). 2 W hi l e s er vi ng t i m e f orag gr ava t ed r obbe r y, a p p e ll antw r ot e t o t he t r i al 3
cour t j udg e w ho sent enced hi m , t he H ono r abl e M i ke Th om as, a let t er th rea ten i n g J u d g e T h o m a s a n d h i s f a m il y . A p p e l l a n t w a s c h a rge d w i th
r et al i at i on aga i ns t a publ i c se r van t
— a t hi r d de gr ee f el ony enh anc ed t o s ec ond deg r ee by app el l ant ’ s pr i orag gr ava t ed r obbe r y c onvi ct i on. A f t era t w o- day 4 j ur y t r i al , ap pel l antw as co nvi ct ed. Upon hea r i ng a ddi ti o n a l evi den ce an d
ar gum ent , t he j ur y asses sed pun i shm entatf i f t een year s’ conf i nem ent . The t r i al
c o u rt s e n t e n c e d a p p e l l a n t i n a c c o r d a n c e wi t h t h e v e r d i c t a n d o r d e r ed t he sent ence t o begi n upo n com pl et io n o f t he or i gi nal sent ence f oraggr avat ed
r obbe r y. 5 In t h r e e is s u e s , a p p e lla n tc la im s t h a tt h e t r ia l c o u rtc o m m it t e d re v e r s ib le
e rro r b y ref usi ng t o i nst r uctt he j ur y on t er r or i st i c t hr eatas a l esseri ncl uded of f ens e, de nyi ng hi s m ot i on t o quas h th e S t at e’ s r epe atof f end ernot i ce , an d
re fu s i n g h i s re q u e s te d j u ryc h a rg e i n s tru c ti o n a t p u n i s h m e n t. I n poi ntofer r orone, A ppel l antseeks t o have hi s c o n v ic tion r ever sed b e c a u s e t h e t r ia l c o u rtd id n o tin s t r u c tt h e ju r ya tg u ilt -in n o c e n c e o n t e r r o r is t ic t h r e a ta s a le s s e rin c lu d e d o f f e n s e . A rt ic le 3 7 .0 9 (1 ) p r o v id e s , “ A n o f f e n s e is6 ... T EX . C ODE C R IM . P R OC . A NN . a rt. 3 7 .0 9 (1 ); se ealso Ha l l v. S tate , 225 S .W .3 d 5 2 4 , 5 3 6 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ).

7 ... Ha ll, 225 S. W . 3d a t535.
8 ... Id. a t525, 535– 36.
9 ... Th e el em ent s ofr et al i at i on, as pl eaded i n t he i ndi ct m ent , ar e t hat a p p e lla n tin t e n t io n a llyo rk n o w in g ly t h r e a t e n e d in w r it in g o rt h r o u g h t h e m a il t o h a r m M i k e T h o m a s b yt h e u n la w f u l a c to fk illin g h im o rh is f a m ilyin r et al i at i on f ororon accoun toft he ser vi ces orst at us of M ik e Th om as as a pub l i c ser vant . The el em ent s oft er r or i st i c t hr eat , as def i ned byt he penal code, ar e t hata per so n t hr ea t ene d t o com m i t an of f ens e i nvol vi ng v i ol enc e w i t h i nt ent to p l a c e a n i n d i v i d u a l i n fe a r o f i m m i n e n t s e ri o u s b o d i l y i n j u ry . T EX . P EN AL C ODE A NN . § 2 2 .0 7 (a )(2 ) (V e rn o n S u p p . 2 0 0 8 ). 3 a l esseri ncl uded of f ense i f. . . i ti s est abl i shed by pr oof oft he sam e orl ess th a n a l l th e fa c ts re q u i re d to e s ta b l i s h th e c o m m i s s i o n o f th e o ffe n s e c h a rg e d .” 6 Th i s i nqu i r y i s a quest i on of l aw . I t s r es ol ut i on do es n o t d e pen d on t he 7 evi den ce pr oduc ed att r i al buti s f ound by c o m p ar i ng t he el em ent s oft he of f ense as t hey ar e al l eged i n t he i ndi ct m ent w i t h t he el em ent s oft he potent i al l esseri ncl uded of f ense. 8 T e r r o r is t ic t h r e a tis n o ta le s s e r in c lu d e d o f f e n s e o fre t a lia t io n b e c a u s e it
ca nnotbe pr ove n b y th e s a m e o rl es s f ac t s t han t hos e r equ i r ed t o pr ove
r et al i at i on. Ter r or i st i c t hr eatr equi r es t hat a p e rs o n i nt end t o pl ace an

910 ... S e eHel leso n v. S tate , 5 S .W .3 d 3 9 3 , 3 9 3 ( T e x . A p p .— F o rtW o rt h 19 99 , pet . r ef ’ d) ( hol di ng t hat t er r or i st i c t hr eat i s nota l esseri ncl uded of f ense o f re ta l i a ti o n b e c a u s e re ta l i a ti o n re q u i re s n o th re a t o f i m m i n e n t b o d i l yi n j u ry ).

11 ... S ee Ram i

rez v. State, 527 S. W . 2d 542, 544 ( Te x. Cr i m . App . 1975 ) ; Garci a v. State, 3 3 5 S .W .2 d 3 8 1 , 3 8 3 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 6 0 (o p . o n re h ’g )); see al so Fitzgerald v. State, 7 8 2 S .W .2 d 8 7 6 , 8 7 9 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 0 ); W i sdom v. State, 7 0 8 S .W .2 d 8 4 0 , 8 4 5 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 8 6 ). 4 i n d i v i d u a l i n fea r o f i m m i n e n t se ri o u s b o d i l yi n j u ry; r e tal i a ti o n d o e s n o t. W e 10
over r ul e poi ntofer r orone. In p o in to fe r r o rt w o , a p p e lla n tc o n t e n d s t h a tt h e t r ia l c o u rte r r e d in den yi ng hi s m o ti o n t o qua sh t he St at e’ s r epe atof f end ernot i ce be ca us e t he St at e i m pr ope r l y us ed hi s pr i or f el ony con vi ct i on t o pr ove an es se nt i al el em ent oft he of f ens e a nd to en han ce puni sh m entf r om a t hi r d de gr ee f el ony t o a se con d de gr ee f el ony. 11 In t h is c a s e , t h e S t a t e a lle g e d a p p e lla n t ’s p r io rf e lo n yc o n v ic t io n o n lyin th e en h a n c e m e n t pa rag rap h to ra i se the o ffen se fr o m a th i rd d e g ree fel o n yto
a s ec ond d egr ee f el ony . T h e e l e m ent s ofr et al i at i on a s cha r ged i n t he i n d i c tm e n t do n o t i n c l u d e ap p e l l a n t’ s p ri o r fel o n yco n v i c ti o n . B e c a u se the S tate d i d n otal l ege t he pr i orco nvi ct i on a s an es se nt i al el em entoft he of f ens e b ut onl y t o e nha nce puni sh m ent , t he t r i al co urt pr ope r l y de ni ed app el l ant ’ s m ot i on t o qua sh . W e o ver r ul e p oi ntofer r ort w o.12 ... S eeT EX . C ODE C R IM . P R OC . A NN . a rt. 4 2 .0 8 (V e rn o n 2 0 0 6 ).
13 ... Id. a rt. 3 7 .0 7 , § 4 (b ). 5 In p o in to fe r r o r t h r e e , a p p e lla n tc la im s t h a tt h e t r ia l c o u rte r r e d in
r ef us i ng a r equ es t ed puni sh m entch ar ge bas ed on art i cl e 42. 08 of t he cod e o f
cr i m i nal pr ocedu r e t hatw oul d have i nst r uct ed t he j ur y th a t any sent ence a s s e s s e d w o u ld b e s t a c k e d u p o n t h e o n e t h a t a p p e lla n t w a s s e r v in g a tt h e t im e he com m i t t ed t he of f ense. A p p e l l a n t arg u e s th a t i t w a s re v e rsi b l e erro r t o 12 den y t hi s r equ es t ed i ns t r uct i on be ca us e i tde pr i ved t he j ur y oft h e b e n e fi tof unde r st and i ng a l l oft he par ol e r am i f i ca t i ons ap pl i ca bl e t o hi s si t uat i on. A rt i cl e 37 . 07 se c tio n 4( b) pr ohi bi t s a j ur y f r om consi der i ng t he m anner i n w h i c h p a role m a yaffe c t a d e fen d a n t. Thu s , it w as noter r orf ort he t r i al 13
cou rtt o r ef us e t o gi ve an i ns t r uct i on t hatex pl ai ned t he par ol e r am i f i ca t i ons of appel l ant ’ s sent ence. W e over r ul e poi ntofer r ort hr ee. H avi ng ov er r ul ed a ll o f app el l ant ’ s poi nt s ofer r or , w e af f i r m t he t r i al
c o u rt ’s j u d g m e n t. P E R CU R I AM PA N EL: CA YC E, C. J. ; H O LM A N an d GA RD N ER, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH T EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: Aug us t26, 2008