ADDRESS ONLY 

THE COMMIBIHONER OF PATEN'IB 

WASHINGTGN ZS, D. C. 

• 

In re application of 

REF ID:A362Eiflal 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERc7 

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

:~ l ll !.a:i ~ · • 1~ :.e .. ~-.nn Appeal No.211 161 

PAPER No. 18 

Ser. No. 4'{u,l9' 

FFiled , .. !~.~~~-1 6fy_~'.J~~c.,.n~· .. i-, ,,. ,.,_ 

Before the Board of Appeals 

or U ... U ... ,U.. ..... ~ w,.',.) r·P1I J..J- , .... ;i.L.ir..&.C:..I" 

:-J\c~· .. :·. 6 rri= 

U. S. PATENT OFFICE 

GCT 111949 

l\1AtLED 

Thia 1• t.t'l ap~1onl tr .. z:1 t:·1e f !.l~ll.!. · 'E>~oct1~~11 t_:i!· olu11?1 14. 

Cla!tia l, 2, :?, 'i• G, ), ll>1 l:!. ar.:.d l2 \~avo beet'l 

c1t.ncel.:e<!. 

Cia1-s .. , .. ; .... -1 .. 1~1 4 • t · ··1 - - ... .,,.. ..... I. - O.tl~ .i.:.,, 8 ·ei.rai tt..:.. CW&i.;. 

Tho a;;~oalc·.~ el~ 1...""'1 1£ &a follows.& 

CLAIJ.1 J.4. Means fc..•r aocretl. · tr11nendtt1r:;: ;_;re..,~:lc .i.n• 

r rM•t1N~ c~i-1pr!11 :.n{.~ a Jev.t.co 1·or e.cam~.nt'; an<.l representln .. ~ •14 

.rr.11,.hic · nti;:·r~"t1on aa a .eer1e• ot electric !mp.Alee& ot \aryln~:: 

: : -.o·;sity, 11 caoo•1fl& .. ~e .::ieaea,;e, a aeoc.~nd de\.'lO• arr-an .. tod !'or 

scann :ng sa14 oaclt.utl•iie meeea~~ and re1>ttodt.1D1nG tbe a~e as a 

socond eor!oa or "f.';leotrlc lctPJl•c• or V6J•71ng 1nt.fma1ty the 1.1:.ulaea 

c1 :· said 100.:.nd ser~eo being non•JnCbronou1 with the 1mpu.lat1• ot 

ea14 t1r£t acwlea .. an eloctrcr:t0cl:an1ce.l tnterlock connecte,.; under 

t:10 ccntrol or both ~t 861·.J ao ·1ee or 1::1;.iu.l.ar:e ror enori~!a:ut1on 

v· .enove:r ;1:rodetenn·:.n•cl Ct;!!!b1~·,atlona ot impulee• OOCUl" 1n the 

t\Til sn1d aor1e1 of :S.mPtAlDca, ana a tranm1ttor controlled by •14 ;.~·· torlook an'! adaptc:..i to emit imp.J.lae• wbenewr eaict 1r.torlook 

:s encr-,;1.r:o·d~ 

Vorma 

Cc..rt1oiApi:: . .: !.cant• e r?1a·cloBU.J'O relatoa to a raoa!,,"!l:Lle 

onol~h·.:rint:t •1ete11 .. 

In Fig. l ot the .:~w!.n-:.8 are •hown twc. f"acaL: .!.le &cannora 

o.-.-:·1pr1s:na twc t.ran•~~- ent acanu 'n~ drJ.me ~ and 5 ttOUntod tor con• 

o- ,rrent r<:·tatlon. Du ono Jr-.1a l4) la placed tho r·,o•••:;• 1hect 

•~.:!.ch ma1 bear any type of 1ntormat1on auch aa wr1.t1n·.:, ·~1•1J•, 

d1"a• 1i _-6 1 oto. In the other dl."l.An (5) 1• placed a o1phor!nz.; &h<:et 

w~~:ch !11l'J bo~r ran<10t1 pattorna, wrlt!.n.~;e, oto. 

l!\pproved for Release by NSA on 07-22-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 
REF ID:A362674 ~-----------------

• • 

478,195 -2-

Tho light trc;:i scurces 7 and 0 paasinc.; to cells 10 o.nd 

11 respect! vely is mot:uln·~od oy the lnformst1on carried on the 

assoc 1a ted sheets irt o. con ·:ertio~ al msnnc:..·r. 

:.e~jendent upon -whotl:; r cells 10 or 11 uro eneri.;lzec by 

tho passa._~e of l!~;ht tr1 n t:iclr reapecti ve sources, r clu:;s ll.; and/ 

or 15 will be op~:ra tee. lf lJot!:i. .r·elaya ten _;ues 16 and 17 aesu:cie 

o !!lf'.:ct;cc. !!' the two tr~n .. ·~es howo»,e1', aacu.me op.:..os1te pc.sltions 

tt ell'c-..lt w11.:.. be co::iploted thr<YJ ch batter:; er ::curce 22 to opera Le 

reJ.~y 2.3 t:trl<l O.S$CC1'1tcd: t ncuc 24• '.l'hua '.,ho C•pC:".Ctlt.11 O!' ·•elu;t 23 

whlch keyfl ti~ons:.i1 t _or 27 to eIJ1t s .. ~-.r.alS is dependent upon 

a cou:;,us1te of tho electrical sigr.als ,;ener&tod by cells 10 and 11 

1n response to the subject Qlltter on sheets 4 and 6. 

Fig. 2 shows tb-e oporation ot relay 2; in tau:..t.lar• !'om. 

For e.xa.-::;lc. re.fer.'..nc,; to cclu::-.n 1 or Fi~. 2 1 1.f cell lO 1s 

energized relay 14 will opera:;c its tonl'.;ue l:,:; to the le:f't. Alec 

1f s:milts.necual:-· cell ll 1s deener,s1zed aprln;,;.; 19 will hold 

ton.:ue 17 to thE> ri;'.bt. 'lhua a circuit will be completed tl~gb. 

'battery 22 to energize relay 23 to eauae transmitter 27 to emit 

n ai~:;nu.l. 

Col::;.::m. 2 of the chart shows tbo result when both relars 

14 unc.;. 15 ure onerJized., In this case no c1rc~1t lncludin.;:~ the 

battery will be C()?!tpleted and tLeretore n·:- s5.:,;no.1 r:Jll be trenmn1t t.ed 

Column 4 show• the rosult wLen Voth relays 14 and 15 

are deonert;1z.od nnd tb& l'OB~lt will ~£.: the swno as tlJl:;l t of colunm 2. 

Column 3 s:lowa th~ r-oault whm 1o0lay 1.4 is dear.ot> ... ;lzod 

and relay 15 ener1:;lzed. In thie con d1t1on relay 23 will opora'.:.o 

tc cauae .trnns~1ttor 27 to em.it a a1&nal. 

The operation o:r- the rece1 wr noed not be descriood "inee 

not 

lt ls/ :nvolved in the claim uml~;.; cuns1dor&t1on .. 
• 

REF ID:A362674 

e 

478,193 

Cartier 1,868,967--

Thia patent 18 directed to a tolet-;ro.ph encipher1n£:; 

system. Tho tronsm1tter ayDtem ls most clearly shown in 

f1g. 2 or this pa • ... ent w:.£r>e.·.n ere a:~own t:chematlcal .... :y tvn: adjacent 

tapo tclei:7ai_:J1 sensln.·; :.;~·~1ts U and H. These two un1ta are 

des1t;ned to opero.te w1th a conventional 1'"1ve""'\l.n1t telegraph code 

~ihere1n eo.ch ohnracter ls ropreeented by a permutation ct five 

positi~:o or negative impulses. Therefore for ee.c.h succeesive 

r.ieasa_~e ehnractor 1n unit U the elomonts K will be moved 

l'c:rnuto.t1vo:!.y to ·contuct elthor pcs1t1ve 1mr Al or no311tlve ber A2. 

A alm11uI' opur·ntion will occ·.lr 1:: oodinI.; unit ll wh:cb opeI'fltoa 

lts bars Kl in a.ccorJo.nca with CL randotl cipl1erin;:; tape. 

The co:npos1tc ope1•0.t1on of bars K and Kl will control 

•1nterlock11 relays J. ~or OXJU:l:t.;le .. tho 1 •t lett bar K 1s shown 

Ct~ntactln& positive ba~ Al and the li!E lett liar Kl is al.ao contc.ct-

:.ng poaiti".IC lmr n. Since both bara K, i1 are a.t the same 

pctentie.l r01~.q ;;· vdll l..:c : . .-. it~ .. ;,;>1,li:i.' ,.Jos-lticn. 

Tt-.i.e next al!.jacent bur K 1s al.ao shown in the t.:.i-Ji' r i)osition l>ut corres_t.ondin5 uiir IO, is in the lower positlon. 'i'hus a 

circ; l t tlir0u ;h tho bo.t ery connected to bars Al and A2. is coq>leted 

tc cause operation of the assoclat.ad relay J to the lo~•er position 

1n cc-ntact with be.r P2 and t!iUs ap~.;.y ne gntivo po centlc.l to ~he 

o.aa .. e1o.te:::. t!latrlb\ltor ne;yie::t. The rotat·ni; t,ru.ah bl sweeps 

t>c aew~ent and cU.strlb~.ltos tL.c ~- .~lseD t: the line seq ent1nl. 

'I'hc Verram po.tent is smilor t;. thut of Cc.rt1cr. Lriefly 

, ... 11 l ii' .J.4.l -... •. "' trenm:iitter and at D the 

c1p1::er tG.pc tu .• usmitLor. l:Cl:,(n:'..dent '.."i.p:.-u tLu opcrstlon of' the two 

trans::.iltturs relays l9 to ~:; inclus1i,;e1'.ll bo operated or not 
-· - ~ 

• REF ID:A362674 • ,\ 

-4-

REJEC. TIO!~ 

Claim 14 stands rejected ~ab elng unpe.tent.able ,,:.;vor 

Cartier or Vernam. The claim 1s considerecl i•eada.ble on the 

clte,: patents as foll ws: 

sy::iteris. 

1

•Ueans fer secretly transmitting 

gra1)hic info~at1on1' 

Both Cnrtler and Vornam relate to secret telet;raphy 

~ » co~p•iaing & device for scanning 

An autot'»lt:tc tape tranm1tter may be substituted 

for the ke.·l>oa:-d trnnm:iitter C ot Verea!n. See VeI'l1nm spec. 

~;u_;o ..:., linen '.)l to 97 lncl'.J.nivo, B'l1d lines 103 to 107 ~-ncl~.·s1ve. 

A tape trn::en::. ttor io u ttdov.!.ce for :Jco.m·~ln(·;n slnc& 

it se:lscs suocoasl vo iJCl"t: ( ns o.r u tape" 

A sinll~\r tupe trrn$!:!1tter could Le subat~ tnted for the 

lce;i·~;ou::.·~ tranSL'llttt ::· Tj of (A.:.rtlcr bocu" 2e Vo~1au r:tatcd 3.l.Ch a 

s;1.ostlt 0 t1or1 was ~~TY0•n in the art at !east e1i:;ht :;ears prier to 

Csrt!.or' s np1•11ca t.:.on .. 

'~ and r'8prosentln.:; sa.1 d ~ra.r;:.ic :n.ful'mt;. tion 

as a aeriec of electric 1.mpulaes of vt.rying inten11t7,, 

'rho grapn1e information to be conveyed 1s tra.nelntcd 

ti1r0\.:.t;h the r1edium ot the tape in the transmitter into a series 

of lm1_.rulaos of vacy:ng 1nte':'!Sity. 

In Cartier the lntens1 ty or the ~;ulses varies trc•m a 

neb-ative vilue to a positive one as the bnra ?t arc moved either 

tc bur A1 or A2. 

In Ver•nW!l the 1ntena1ty or tho 1mp'i.::.lse 1n transmitter C 

"17 fr"om. open circuit tt; closed o.1rcu1t,. 1.e. no volte._'.,e or vcltuc;e. 

11 n en··• ... " ·'.' lU ·c .... .,. !'t SQ • ..,. n .. llio\ .... .ti... '""-.... .'J .&tl.V-.. <•"""'• 

n-ie camo~rla,;o ~:masa. :.o 1e represented by the code tape 1n 

transnitter D of Vernam. and transm1t;.;er N of Cartier. Vt:irna.m 

pa,~e 3, l1ncs 13 to 20 1naluaive and Cartier pae:,;e 2, lines 55 to 67 

inclusive. 
.. 

REF ID: A362 67 4-

-5-

"a aeec,nd device ar1~&n<_;ed tor aeann:.tn~; scld 

car.iouflae;e r.1essat;e and reproducinG the same 

aa a second aeries ot electric impala.es or 

varyint,; intonsity" 

This clause 1a readable on unit D of" Ver a.~ or unit B 

of Cort~;.or in the same manner as bas been aet !'orth as to the 

r1rst device. 

nthe impulses :..'f aaicJ sec1.ml: serles Lclng 

nonsynchl-onoua wlt~ the impulses of aaid 

!1rst aer1es,.n 

It is submitted that the operation or bars re with 

ros. ect to bars Kl of Cn:r'tier for ex.ample,, is "non-synchronous". 

iVebstor•s tiaw lntert:ations.l Dictionary Unabridf;e .. ! 1940 Edlt1on 

doflnos ""sJUchronoua" under the &ubt1t1e o~ P!ll'SJCS as mee.n1ng--

:~uc h bar I: can ha vc two ;.ic s l t 1 ns \'ll tL res,poc t tc: each 

e~t:1er poo1tlve 01 .. negatlvo with respect tc t-he eorrospond1:-~J 

bnr 1-:.. 

fJherefora the impulse occurenco ~n Cortior's a7atom 

can be termed "nonsychrc.nous• a!nce the p.ilees do not neoeesarll7 

have tho same phase. 

The term la similarly applicable to Vernam. 

It 1s !\.;.rt::.er nctecl t.hat there ia no stiucture rec!ted 

in the ela1m to ascribe a part!.cular meanini;; to tho word "non•ynohr: nous!·. 

tt an electromecho.nical ::.nterlook connected 

under control of both acr Je 8 or lmpulaes for 

eneri:;1zstion whenever predete.I'?!l:1.nad C(..mbinations 

of imrmlaea occur in the two ea1J ser:Lcs or t .. tt _mpu.1..:.ies, 

nio rolnye J of Cartier and rolays 19 to 23 1nclus1ve 

of Vern&.""l e<,;nst.ltu.te an electrcmech'1Lieal lntorlock uneor cc-ntrol 

or the two aeries of 1mir..:lecs. In Cartier the relays J' nre 

evntrt,lled by bars K. and Kl actl.ng toa'tber while the relays 19 

to 23 lnclus1ve are controlled by devices C and D acting tot,-.etber. 
.. /{3 .19 .3 

674 

-6-

u anc a tronsmi tter controlled byaaiC interlock Dl'l~ adapted to 

emit impulses wheaever sa1d interlock is energ1.zed." 

The dlstrib1.:.tor Dl of (artier and :iletrlbator A 

cf' Vernam fire tranmittern controlled by the Interlock. 

In Cartlor• the L.terlock ::·elays J" &l--i,l:/ ree:.·.lt.tr:.;; cc:.::dod 

e1.:.;ns.ls to tho ec.::riento of the dlstrlb'..~tcr Dl, v::·~:1e ln Vcrn&n; r·elny• 

19 to 23 lncluaivo upply the coded a1Ju1ls to A. 

Both u1strlbntcm aro adapted through the rotation ot 

their aascciatc:l bruahes over the aet.~monta tc• trnn8Jll1t impulses· 

t( the reapective lines. 

For the toret;olng res.sons tho rejection o:t claim 14 

1s believed proper and shc.:.ld Lie a.f.t~ • 

S:iC/1• 

attorney: 

. ~ ... 

Itenry B.Staat.f er 

Arey Security A~ency 

Penta _;on BlJg. 

Waabington, 25. L. c.