I REF ID:A70340 

n~~J-~ 

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Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 09-04-2013 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

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REF ID:A70340 

POL•90 All communications reVJt'ct1n9 -nev ....,/ - --::~applieanon s1 ould si c cl e 

serial numb,,r date of filinB and name of t11c appl,cant ADDRESS ONLY 

THE COMMISSIONER OF PATCNTS 

WASHINGTON 2S D C 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

r Henry B. Stauffer 

Ar!ll.y security Agenoy 

The Pentagon Dldg. Washington 25, D.C. 

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

Applzcant 

William 

Ser No 

5491086 

Filed 

P~PER No 2) 

F. FriedJat~i ,....., mRILCU 

Aue. 111 1944 F FB c; fq')'.J 

L _J I'or 

Please find belou a commumcatwn from the 

EXAJUINER m charge of tlus application 

ELECTRICAL SYSTNif a 7'1 

!;'1VL I 1-~l!.MlNING 

"1"1 -» "1() 

)fu:Jt;A)l,t\.(Mll-'JC,fll#J(,~~""°'..1 homaa F. Murp J.J 

ac 

Respons1 ve to the amendment tiled May 5, 1952. 

The rejection or claims 5~7 is repeated. Applioant 

haa tailed to mention these oloims in his amendment. 

Claim 11 is rejected as being 

There i a no ooope~n ti ve re la t1onsh1p i .. eo 1 ted 

Claim 11 is a.gain reje.~;.i.~~"!'I~~ 

.Any indicator in eaoh of tht} 

authentioation purposes. 

the 

record • 

or 

Claims 16 

tor the reasons or 

ror example the ind 

adjacent the awitoh 

patent No. l,6BJ,072. 

d to be immediately 

8, 19, 22 and 23 are allowed. 

\ .., - , 

NRE:hs Exe.miner 

' -
fit 

REF ID:A70340 

COPY 

eeNFIDENTIAL 

IM THE UNI'l'ED STATES PA.TENT omcz 

A.1:pllaation r~ :Patent ~ 

WILLIAM * F., rB.IEDMA.H 

* Serial lumber .p~ - ~~11/..J)... 

~49,086 * Division 23 

filed * ll August 1944 

Por 

EIECTR!CAL SIS'l'EM 

* 

* 

ARIDMim 

SECURITY INFORMATION 

* * * .. * * * * * * 

The l!ono:rable Comm.11eionor or Patents 

lfaabington 251 D. c. 

Sirs 

Thie i• in response to Patent O:f't1oe action or 4 lq 1949 in the 

above-identWed applioation tor p:itent whioh is being proseouted 

under the •o-called three-rear rule. Please 8118.nd the oaee a1 

f"ollowio 

Page 10, line 20 • Ohangtt "included.ft to • inolude - • 

22 • Arter "2" irusert • and similar).)" secured to the 

machine by 80l'"GW8, as ~ • .... • 

Olaim ll, lino ;3 • Beton "tott (f'!rat ocCUl"1"9llce) insert ... normally • • 

4 - Arter "indicate" insert - only - • 

Claims 12, 13, 14, 

and 15• Cancel. 

Cla:ta 17 1 line 5 .. After "bei.na" 1naert .. ,__.,,iattlT - • 

... ,.. t 

. ' ' . 

._.... - ~ - .-- - i'"" -- --- -- -- ...,.T - ... ........-- --- -

" 

. -

!£ -- __..... ...... 

> 
¥ 

REF ID:A70340.._ 4 ~ 

-

The Ohiet Dnf'tsman baa been :requested to ~ the necea18?7 cballges in 

the drawinga. 

f"he e.da!tions to the apeci.f'jcation appear to req,uJre no co1ll!'ll.ent. 

P'urther consideration 1'J requested. or Olaim 11 aa amended. Nono or the 

~eterences diaoloses a combination which normali, provides indications 

or both plain and •nciphered text, ;yet tmier apecial conditions pl'O'lidea 

an indication ot an enciphered character on'.1.J. 

Ol.a.1'ars 16 and 17 also have been amended, and their :reconsideration !a 

1'equ.eated. 

Tho a11Cnded olaima requh'e, in addition to their other teatures, that 

each ot the ind1¢ato:ra be jmmcdhtel,:r adjacent its nitea. It ootJ.d not 

tairly be saJd ot U&W@mj number 11683,fT!21 that thi1 condition 111 approaohed unless it be are.u.td that the "Q" U,.1 for n.am.ple, !.a adjacent 

the 1Z" 1nd1catorJ in that case, it u obvious that the "P" bJ' ia con-

•ide~bl.7 n:moved trom the whole top row ot indicators. 

The <tonstruction or the elailna provides tor !a,citity and aocure.07 ot 

oporation :1n tho hands of' relnt1ve1'" inexper:tencet1 persona. 

Claims 12, 131 14, 15, and 24 have been cancelle4. 

Claims l, 2, 81 10, 18, 19, 22, and 23 have been indicated aa allowable. 

Continued prosecution under the three-)"ear 1"Ule !a desired. 

Favorable actioll 1a :zoequeated. 

Reapeottul.lJ', 

WILLIAM Fa lRlED~AN, Applicant 

JI 

. 
l 

-

• 

IN 'i'ltB UlUTED Sl'A'I'.83 PA.U.lfr O.lFICE 

RE a Application for Patent ot 

WILLIAM * F. FR:rtDw.N 

• 

Se.rial Numb&l" 

549,0S6 * 

Filed * ll August 1944 

* For 

E!Ei'.:TRIOAL SYSTL.lf * 

* * * * ... * * .. • • 

The Honorable Coll\llissiona~ or Patents 

Washington 25, D. 0. 

S:tra 

DiT:iltion 23 

In the above ... 1dentitied application tar patent. please d.ireot the Chief' 

Draftsman to make the c()l"r(lctions to tho drawings as :l.ndiQatel 1n red 

on th& attached prints. 

Respect:t'ull.7# 

Wltt?All 1, J'RlEDMAM, Applloant 
REF ID:A70340 .. 

-- -

s ~ s ®®©@®® ~oooooo(S 

®®CD@®CQ@ 

0 0 0 0 0 61 

s @ @ ® @ ® ® lSl 

0 0 0 0 0 0 (9 

(f) @ @ @) ® (j) ® 0 

0 S) 0 o~o\So 0 si 0 

oZ 

FIGURE 8 

F/GtJRE 9 

WILUAM F FRIEDMAN 

INVENTOR 

ATTORNEY 
I '"'' /-4 P/s.2 

/4' 

10 
.... 

I 

~ 

REF ID: Al.034<:J 

.f 

I 

THE COMMISSIONER 

WASHINGTON 

j\DDRESS ONLY 

2S 

6F 

D C 

PllTENTS DEPARTMENT 

UNITED - STATES 

OF 

PATENT 

COMMERCE 

OFFICE 

• 

WASHINGTON 

A.U commun1c:at10111 respem'!f ,, .... oppl1ca11011 •hould s•u• die 

•enal num,,.,,. Ja1e t1/ frlms. and name _of rhe applu:ant. 

. ~ "' -- - ................... _... - .trr-"" .yliO P'leasefind below a communicatwnfrom the EXAMINER,__ _ ~ ' 

in charge of this application ~ :'/• - - ~ -'t> ---nAn 

a...u .. •· .. e .A::?.~ ''?'4-"-•• u.-..._ / I\. \'J""<':J 

Commissioner oJ Patenta I ~ \\'< Ilenr7 B. Statil'ter MLL/cg Ar1Iff Security Agency The Ponto.gon Washington 25, D. c. 

GPO 16--llTIJUl-7 

Dwunon 

A.pplu:ant 

Ser No 

Filed 

For 

2, r • 

William F. 

5~086 

August 11 

Elcctrioai 

Responsive to the amendc.ent !ilod 

December 10, 1947: 

The drawing should be corr 

t1on of legends to screw heads 

also to the hasps in rig. 2. 

patent 

Korn. Ono ot 

8 and 

1.he 

ia 

free of 

in J.'ejeot.ed on 

shown at ,. Switches 

1.944 

Syate:ci 

connections 

eJection of claims ll and 12 is 

re~erencoa can be uaed 

without. us.king any structural changos 

in said references. 

-. ---- - -- - - - -------- --

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-- - =------

IREF ID: A70340e ____ .....__ .. -:1 

-

'l'.b.o reJeotion of c1a1ms 13 and 14 1a 

ropeated. A• at present advised, the process appoa~s 

to be 1nseparabl7 associated with tte apparatus claime~. 

In claim 13 1 t should be further notoa that anouch steps 

have not been anunerated to proauce the reuult ol aimed 

• to.rtinz w1 th "nnd d'.lr1 ving" on llne ~. 

Claic 15 1s again rejected on Korn or 

8oherb1us. 'rho previous ground or l:'eject1 n 1a unps.tentab1l1ty and not that the cle.1ml are 

'l'he rejection of 

peated, In lleborn No. 1,68,,0~ 

to bo keys and indicators 

each other to rende~ the 

with Rt s. 4888. 

ia re• 

appear 

not complying 

are oa.noel.ed, 

Ex.aniner 

1;i 

•!.I 

I ! 

..... 

• -;:a 

\!II 

.... 
I 

I 

I 

I 

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I 

I 

I 

I 

REF ID:A70340 

WAR DEPARTMENT 

OFFICE OF THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

WASHINGTON 25 D C 

15 JUL 1947 

Mr. William F. Friedman 

1823 Que Street, N.W. 

Washington 9• D. c. 

Dear Sir. 

By direotion of The Judge AdTocate General, receipt is aoknowledged 

of your letter to the Secretary of War dated 5 June 1947, tendering to 

the Government of the United States for its use, under the provisions 

of the act of October 6, 1917, as amended (35 u.s.c. '2), the invention 

described and claimed in your application for patent, Serial No. 549,086, 

filed 11 August 1944, for Electrical System, which application and the 

invention covered thereby were placed in secrecy by the Commissioner ot 

Patents on 15 May 1947. It is noted that your letter inoludes a power 

to inspect and make copies of the application. 

The records of this office show that the above-mentioned application and the invention covered thereby are assigned to the United States 

Government and were filed under the act of March 3, 1883, as amended 

(35 u.s.c. 45). However, the present tender will be made of record 

for the protection of whateTer interest you may have in this inTention. 

Very truly yours, 

p/~ ORGE W. GARDES 

Colonel, JAGD 

Chief, Patents Division 
---

Secretar1 ot Var 

Washington 

D. O. 

REF ID:A70340 

1823 Que Street, K.W. 

Vaahington 9, D. c. 

5 Juae 1947 

Attentions The Judge Advoo&te General 

A Secrecy Order Ullder Public #700, 76th Oongreas, having receatl7 been ••rved upon, and aokAovledged by, the uaderaigaed 1a co1111.ect1on v1tb Patent App11cat1on 8er1al lumber 5-9,086. tiled 11 Auguet 1944. the 1avent1on covered bJ the 1&1d appl1cat1oQ 1•, 1• accordance with the r•cOlllleadatioa contained 1a the 5ecrec7 

Order, tendered to the OoyerD11ent or the United Statea 

tor it• uae. Tbe appl1oation .. 1 be 1napeoted and 

oopiee ... de, 1r desired. 

~eapeottull7 7oura, 

WILLIIJI P. PRIBDJIAR 
To the applicant above named or his heirs, an1 any and 

assignees and attorneys or agents 

Enclosed is your copv of a Secrecy Order under Public No 700, 

76th Congress You are required to fill out and personally sign the 

receipt form above and return it to the Commissioner of Patents If 

the acknowledgement is nnt recelV8d with 11 a rea~onable time it will 

be necessary to take other steps t'' establish service of this order 

on you 

E G Haggett Jr 

Patent Office War Div1s1on 

Please advise this Off ice of change of address 
.-

Serial No 

For 

I 

Applicant 

:ilo 

- ... :U::- ..... 

REF ID:A70340 

JEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

UNITED ')TATES PATENT OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

Filed Aug.11,1944 

Eleotr1oal Byatem 

William F. Friedman 

U S Government Assignment 

SECRECY ORDER 

Division 

""'' r:n 

M.l\Y 1 ,; 1947 

5, 

NOTICE - To the applicant above named his heirs and any and all his assignees, 

attorneys and agents, hereinafter designated principals 

You are hereby notified that your application as above identified has been found 

to contain subJect matter, the unauthorized disclosure of which might be detrimental 

to the public safety or defense, and you are ordered in nowise to publish or disclose 

the invention or any material information with respect thereto, 1nclud1ng hitherto 

unpublished details of the subJect matter of said application, in any way to any person 

not cognizant of the invention prior to the date of the order, including any employee of 

the principals, but to keep the same secret except by written permission first obtained 

of the Commissioner of Patents, under the penalties of the act of October 6, 1917 

(Public No 80}, as amended July l, 1940 (Public No 700} as amended August 21 1941 

(Public Law 239}, and June 16, 1942 (Public Law 609} 35 USC 42, 40 Stat 394, 54 

Stat 710 55 Stat 657, 540 0 G 233, 248 

Any other application which contains any significant part of the subJect matter 

of the above identified application falls within the scope of this order If such other 

application does not stand under a secrecy order, it and the common subJect matter 

should be brought to the attention of the Patent Office War Division 

If prior to the issuance of the secrecy order any significant part of the subJect 

matter has been revealed to any person, the principals shall promptly inform such person 

of the secrecy order and the penalties for improper disclosure set out in Public No 700, 

76th Congress, and Public Law 239 77th Congress 

This order should not be construed in any way to mean that the Government has 

adopted or contemplates adoption of the alleged invention disclosed in this application, 

nor is it any indioation of the value of suoh invention In order to make the details of 

your invention available for inspection by various governmental agencies concerned 

therewith for consideration of its possible use in the war program and at the same time 

to preserve your rights under the Act, it is suggested that you promptly tender this 

invention to the Government of the United States for its use Such tender may be effected 

by a communication addressed to the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy and 

should be accompanied by a power to inspect and make copies of the application 

This order is modified by the 

MAY 151947 Assistant ----- ~·----
Serial No 

A REF ID:A70340 A 

W DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCi9 

UNIT~D STATES PATENT OFf"ICE 

WASHINGTON 

Division 

The application is further identified in the accompanying secrecy order of this 

date, which refers to this permit 

PERMIT A 

An order of secrecy having been issued in the above-entitled application by the 

Commissioner of Patents, the principals as designated in said order are authorized to 

disclose the subJect matter to any person of the classes hereinafter specified if such 

person is known to the principal disclosing to be concerned directly in an official 

capacity with the subJect matter provided that all reasonable safeguards are taken 

to otherwise protect the invention from unauthorized disclosure The specified 

classes are -

(a) Any officer or employee of any department, independent agency, or bureau 

of the Government of the United States 

(b) Any person designated spec~fically by the head of any department, 

independent agency or bureau of the Government of the United States, 

or by his duly authorized subordinate, as a proper individual to receive 

the disclosure of the above indicated application for use in the 

prosecution of the war. 

The principals under the secrecy order are further authorized to disclose the 

subJect matter of this application to the minimum necessary number of persons of known 

loyalty and discretion, employed by or working with the principals or their licensees 

and whose duties involve cooperation in the development, manufacture or use of the 

subJect matter by or for the Government of the United States, provided such persons are 

advised of the issuance of the secrecy order 

Wren requested in writing by a responsible official of the United States Government 

known to the party making disclosure to be directly concerned in an official capacity 

with the subJeCt matter, authorization is further given to disclose the subJect matter 

to accredited representative of an allied government For the sake of the record and 

' for their protection, the principals should promptly inform the Commissioner of Patents ' t of such disclosures together with the names and official designations of the persons to 

whom disclosure is made 

The provisions of this permit do not in any way lessen responsibility for the security 

of the subJeCt matter as imposed by any of 

existing laws relating to espionage and 

CommJ.eeioner 
REF ID:A70340 

; 

' . 

l V1ll18.Jll F. Fr1ed1aan, 19)2 Jl111~&l"1 Rd., l.V., Wa•h1nt;ton, De O. 

l,f ..A 

'" 

1 

- . 

-) 
I NAME OR TITLE 

ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION 

WD AID FQBM 

I .Ill• I~ . 895. . .., . ... . -- -·-·------
• 

DJ RE: Application ot • 

m.tWf P. FRIEDlWI 

* Serial Wumbcr 

549,086 tf 

Filed • 

l1 Aueust 1944 

• 

For 

EIECTRICAL SYSTFH * 

* * * * * ~ * * • * 

'1'01 !he Honorable Oommis:d.oner ot Patents 

Washington 25, D. c. 

Sir: 

• 

Division 53 

This 1s l.ll response to Patent O.f"fice action ot l4 December 1944 

in the abovc ... identified application tor patent 11h1ch 18 being prosecuted under the so-called tbree-7ear rule. Please amend the case as 

foll.one 

m THE SPm!1ICA.TIOl1 

Page 3,. line 21 .. After "like" insert .. by means or screws aa 

14" - • 

Page s, af'ter 

line U - Insert - The fro11t and 1-ck covers when closed 

are secured by means or haaps 23' and 23•, 

respeot1vo:cy. - • 

14 - Change the period to a comma and add .. 11hich 

are supported and strengthened by a rod 26C. • • 

l 
Page 7, line 3 - Cancel "Figures 5 &lld" am hiaert • 1"1pre • • 

8 • After 11ke7boardu 1D8ert • 14 • • 

lS - After •17B11 illaert .. (Figure 7) - • 

Page s, af'ter 

line Zl• Insert the t"ollaring para£raph - It 18, ln 

other words, the cam .tace S5 ~ in. a 

peripheral alot '6 and impelled bJ' rofm7 

motion imparted to it by plunger 38•39 which 

actuall.y' serves 1io step the rotor. The oam 

.taee cannot, however, ent•r into one ot the 

notches until the COQperat!ng pawl enter& an 

aux1J~ar,y notch SSD. • • 

Page 10, line 24· Change "consisting" to - oQM1at - • 

D f8E CLAillJ 

Cla1m i, line 2- Cancel •or the lilm". 

Claim J • Canoel. 

Claim 4 - Cancel .. 

Cldm 7, line 2- Cancel "or the lil:e". 

Claim 8, line 4- Cancel "or the like". 

Cldm. 9 - Cancel. 

Clda 10, line 4- Cancel •ar the like". 

Claim 13, line ,_ Cancel "utilising" and illsert .. deriv1J'lg - • 

Cl.abl~, lino 6- Cancel •util:hdnc" and 1Jl8ert .. deriving .... .... 

2 

·-
REF ID:A70340 

•-

Claim 17, line 3 - Cancel "or the like". 

Clai.'ft lS • line 2 .. Cancel "or". 

3 .. Cancel ntbe like". 

8 .. After "ln<hcator" hsert - to show the 

enciphered charactel- "" • 

Cldm. 19, llno 3 ... cancel "or the like". 

OJ.aim 20 - Cancel. 

Claim 21 - Cencel. 

Claim 22, line 2 • Cancol "or the like". 

Cla1m 23, line 2 - Cancel "or the like•. 

'lbe specification has been amended to include ref"eren.ce character 

148 tor tbt zrorelfbeads 8hDwn in Figures 2 and 8 and ref'erence ohara.ctora 

23' and 23" for the hasps of Figure 2. 

It is aasuoed that modification ot tho drawillgs can await the 

all.a.7ance or cldms, and 80 no request has, a• ret, been made to the 

Chief' llrattslian. rurther reason tor delq :ln thia •tter is that the 

changes desired by the Examimr are not a1toget.her clear. The •two parts 

to the right ot t341 :tn figure 5• cannot be id811'.tit:led1 and it u mt 

bavn exaot]1' how IC't3 26, 26A, 38, and 39 are to be lllustrated. A 

e!mple sketch would be greatJ.y appreciated. 

The objectionablo alter.nat1w expressions in the ~al claims haft 

boon cancelled. 

!be •predetom1Ded" in Cl.a11P 1, line 81 relates to the rotation o£ 

the firs\ cryptograpbio rotor. In the ircf'erred embodiment, of course, 

the •predatel'llinad angula!' d1splacemont" ot the .first mdtch betore the 

eeco!Jd switch steps will be '3'H', but other arransemants are possible. 

' 
REF ID:A70340 

It is assumed that Claim 2, 1n 'Yin ot the amandMnta mde to the 

apecitioation, will be considered allowable as soon u the draw1Dg1 

oan be corrected. 

Cla1111s 3 and 4 have been cancellat. 

Claims S, 6, and 7 appear not to be 119t bJ' the pa.tent to lam, 

11705,.64.1, except tba't 'the pa.tented disclosure contains end contacts 

llOlrewbat like those 1n the clabla. The pa.tent on the other harJd ah.on 

Jl81ther indicators nor switches associated with each one thereot, &tld, 

o~ ccmr-se, the c!rcuits ot lorn are entirel.1' ditterent trom those ot 

Claia S. Bebem~ 1,663,072, llkniae taUa to show the nitcb and indicat,or U"l"lmge11ent ot the Applicant. It will be noted that, accord .. 

1ng to Hebern, 01Jl:r the output is actuated (Page 4, lims 58 through 

72). Since the ref'erence tails to show the ci:rcu1t arrangement ot 

Claim 5, upon which Claims 6 and 7 are based, it ie beliewd that the 

latter two claims abould llOt be objectionable. 

Claim 9 has been cancelled. 

With regard to the ob~ection to Claims 11 and 12. Applicant admits 

that most CJ."1Ptograpba can be used~ purposes or authentication, but 

it would not be accurate to eq that most ~ eapec1al'l1' adapted tc:r 

this tunction. These clabm clear]¥ point out the novel feature ot 

A.pplicallt•a authenticator, that being the c1rcuit which alWfJ18 produces 

the enciphered equivalent of a P.t'edetermined input character. Lines 51 

through 80 ot Page 1 ot the Scherb!:as }lltent. 1,657,411, 1t 1111Q" be noted,. 

are directed to 8JllCbronisa.t1on and to the prevention or garbles and not 

to authentication. 

Claims 13 8114 14 have been amend.eel to substitute "deriving• tor 

ut&lislnr• The use to llhich the output aig1JS.ls are put would seem to be 

ot no ll01'e 1.mportance than the manner of' using the output slgnala ot a 

new method of telegra~. In the matter ot t'urloUonaJJ.t)"', it ia obdoua 

that Applicant•a method could be p.oacticed with other ma.cb!nes and by 

band. 

4 
I 

REF ID:A70340 -

' ./!!! 

--With ref'eronce to the reJcction of Claim 15, the appearance 1D. 

l:om, 11705,641. aJJd Schorbius. 11657,411, of me8Jl8 tor stressing 

the rotors 1s oonceded• bu.t Applicant•a dev1ce :la clabned spec1t1caUY 

alld. docs not seem. to be fairly n:.ct by the reterencos. 

Insorar as Claims 16 and 17 are concerned, no re.reran.co shows a 

Jm;yboa:rd with ke,ys and indicators arranged adjacent each other in 

pd.rs. 

Clain 18 has been amcmed to point out the reason for ene1•giaation 

ot two indicators by means o~ each switch. The combination 1s not 

:tcnmd in the prior art. 

Claims 20 and 21 haw been cancelled. 

Continuation or prosocution under tho thrce•7f18.l" rulo :ls desired. 

Consideration and :f'avorable action are requested. 

Respectf'ull1', 

wnJ.Tlll 'I. FRIEDHAH, .lppllcant 

--
Div "£.:3 Room :::2-.S--.3J.... REF I~~" i't 

•EPARTMElif' oF Co~MERCE 

Pape' 'N'o 3 4.11 comman/Q.tlont.1 ~tine Cll6r 

application should &Ive I he -lal numbs 

date of lllln11 and IUUDe of 

Addr- onlg 

The CommieBloner of Patents, 

n,d not any officutl by name UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE the applicant 

RICHMOND VA 

Please find below a communzcatzon from the EXAMINER in MAILED 

charge of this application (.() ~ ~ 

GPO 16-2731.Hl ~Commlo•fonet of PulenU, Applioan~~c 14 1944 

W1ll1ar.i D. Hall 

c/o Jhle.t" Signal 

Pentagon Dldg. 

Washington, D.c. 

Of fioer 

549.o86 

Aus. 11,. 1944 

t;"L· ]TRI~11.L SYS'f=?;i. 

Ser No. 

Filed 

For 

References: 

Hebern i.096,168 llay 12. 1914 35-4 

-Xorn l,.93B,,028 Dec. 5. 1933 " Korn 1,733,686 Oct. 29. 1929 II 

J:orn i.zos.641 !itlr. 14, 192~ n 

He born i. e3,012 Sept. 11 192 I' 

Scherbiue l,657,411 Jan. 24. 1920 u 

Characters ar~ la~~1ng tor articles tn~t resemble 

' 

acre• heJlda in f l'~ures 2 and 8 & end 2oB should be added to 

~1£urs 2. T•o hasps in t~1s !isure ~ave no char&cterc. A 1 

ahaft "lll!&r the top of fl.:ure 6 has n? c.hara.Jte1. A i)ilrt acj .. a ... nt . 

• 

8 'b" nas no char&ct91. IJlro ~arts to the r1~bt of "'4" in 

.t"1oure Shave no =haractere. 'I'h'J pw1t 26z1. 1n to1s fl-u.r"' ehould 

be ~ore fully shown. The se~e 18 tru• of ~arts 26 anc adja3ent 

38 end 39 ln flguro b. 'lb3 11~~~ 1ndlcatln3 these parts should 

he ,...x t~"ldod end ~roken away. w1!er'3b}1 any rla t surfaces aon.J .. rned 

will b~ ind 1 .. & ted. If tb9 examini;,1•a mesn1ng ls D')t ~lea r h~ -.111 

aend s:tt-t'Jhoa aho1lng how figures 5 and 6 should bP chenced. 'fhe 

in 

parts ln figure 5 are/espJc1al neeC of change sln~~ t1is structure 

is not very well eho•~ in !1gure 2. 

Ola1me 1. 7, 18, 22 end 23 11n~ 2; al~-~~ 17 &~~ lj 

llri~ ; ; and cla 1-.:~ r:;-10 11ne 4 tb.1::1 ~x;;res.sio""I "or t,...~~ lla.s n 

tollow1n.: th"'- reo1tat11n ')f a mn...,ber au~L se "plunger" ro"laers 

these cla1Qs 1ndefln.te and th~y arJ ther:fore rejected 

.. 1 ..., • .._J. 170 ~r Philli;s 1~08 J.D. 195· 

[ ({ . 

Claie! 1 llnJ , •iil&t dons rredet~rml'1ed signify" If the 

appal"& tus et')nverned iil thn .•rt ~2 t') 40 t_.:i term seems Uf!'1" ..... a eary 

e1nce aa tn~ dr.vl~e 1~ undertt1-a tho plunger 3~ t.~s to go ~lear 

down t..., do any goo<.'! enc tue us-:ir csrinot sel~ct a,17 oth"r aaaJ.ar 

.. 
\ 

REF 1Q:A70340 

• 

-2-

• 

movement. There 1e little use in reciting that he can predetermine an an;ular position when the only operative position 

has been set when the machine was construoted. 

Claim 2 would appear allo•able ae now ddv1eed if 

the epee1.f'ica tion and drawing were am.ended to ,show tt1e 

structure clearly. 

Cla1zns 3 .. and 4 are rejected as adding nothing to 

ola1m 2 not tound 1n the switches and rotors of the ~etents. 

Claims 5-7 are rejected as unpatentabl~ over Korn 

1,705,641 the end contacts of which operate as claimed. 'lb.e 

rotors are stepped and operated by means bf a plunger. Again 

in view of Hebern of 1928 tnere is no invention 1n the plunger 

claimed for operating tne rotors of Korn. 

Cla1~ 8 ia now advised woula be rAnderad allo~able 

if amended to avoid the alternativeness in line 4 and 1~ the 

spe~1~icat1on and drawing were suitably amended or explained. 

Claim 9 is rejected as unpatent&ble over the matter 

to which claim 8 is directed since the contacts or clblm 9 are 

not patentably d1stin~u1sbable from switch of clMim e. A 

nox•mally open o1rcu1t of claim 9 is not patentably distinguishable 

~rom the cirou!ts lnclud1n6 ewitoh ot claim B s~nce in a 

cryptographic device it is to be presumed that none Jf the 

circuits 1s closed excepting when the a~raratue is bsln~ operated~ 

Claim 10 would be allowed if amended and the drawing 

and spec1r1eat1on were amended as abov3 auggested. 

Cl.aim 11 is rejected since any of the apparatus aitod 

can be used as an authentioato~ see particularly Scherb1ua 

lines 51-80 of pagd l. 

Claim 12 is rejected on Soherbius ~hlch discloaaa en 

authenticator means and a counter at 39. 
• REF rw70340 

Serial Wo. 549.086 

Clall!s i;. 14 are rejeated a1 drawn .. rely t~ the 

atepa or ua1n( th~ ep~aratua oonoerned &s lt ••a int~~ded to be 

uaed• under Foreli:l&n 1924 =.P. 47• ':.h~aa cla!ma •re f~rtn~r 

rejeoted aa pat&ntabl~ 1ndetin1te in wut11.&1ng~. Thea~ atopa 

do not stale •h•t applloe~t does aft?r be b•a made • reword, 

Tho f.cberb1us •J..iparatue nes a recO'l"der. 'fbq user -~-a the 

record and ut1l1zea t!l.e 1nd1~at1ono s1v~~ by tb~ ai;nal 

It followed no chens~ in the abaraoter or condlt1~~ or any tb1ns 

is mads, unOer :oohr&~4 v. ~enAr 94 u..~. 7Sc. 

Claim 15 la rejecte4 on ~o?""l 1.705~641 or ~cherblua 

1&ch or Wh.1oh h88 a Mane ror pushing tb.tt rotors toget.b"'r 

~r relean1ng thea~ 1n parts 28 •~d 27 r'ape~tlv9lJI t~e tull 

1~u1valent ~t ·~plioant•s ola1r:ed cem. '~ot1~e that ~orn a 

Claims lb •~d 17 are rejected aa obYloualy ~npatontable 

over the rererenaes. 

Cla1~ 18 le r~JectAd as unp.t~ntacle ovQr th~ reter~noe 

and as containing uaelese aatt9r in tn- l~•t 11DA. Th• cl•1m 

ehoul~ 1111k~ it pla1n wn1 any other 1a~1~ator ne~ulres to be 

en"trg1zed,. 

Cla1:a 19, 22 and 23 •• adv1aed would be rsndereO 

allo;r .. blf' bJ the alt!endar!nts au~geated. 

~la1~ 20 1a r~jected alnoe there 1• no invention in 

the .manuallJ operable plunger over the n~n~l~ o! torn or tne 

electriaall7 op~rated m~~b~r or Sobelb1ua at 27. 

Claim 21 1a reJe~ted on the aa'N!I ground •• ale1n 20 

th• handle ~r lorn •nd the artlulJ 27 ~i uoharbius ar~ mean• ~or 

reato1•1ng the atirrup of ola1~ 20. 
• 

e REF I1iA70340 ., 

... 

Serial Mo. 549.oe6 -4-

Claim 24 is r-jeot~d •• unpatontabl3 under R.J. 48e6. 

In the event •fpl1o•nt •~qu1escea 1n th~ reJect!on ot 

t.he :iethod ala1.u page 2 linea 17 s 18. 

Page 5 line 17 9 2bA* ls not tonna. 

Page 7 line '• Figure 5 4oe• not •ho• the a:;.paratua 

deacr!bed. L1ne 15 ~l7h• 1- not found lu ri~ro 6. 

Page 10 line 24 cnanee "~ons1•tl~g• to cona1at. 

now the parts at 55-59 etc. are •perated 1• not 

a4tt1c1ontl7 a1•~losed. All al-1ms including t~oae oonaldered 

ot~erwiee direct d to patent•ble matter ere tneretore rejected. 

Jb:e.mlner. 
... 

c REF ID:A70340 

II THE UJl'IED STA.TIS P.lmT OFFICE 

DREa Application or • 

mJ.DM F. PRlElJi1llr 

• 

Ser1al Humber 

'49,M6 .. filed • ll August 1944 

• 

for 

EIZCT'RICAL SIS'fEil • 

• • * * * • • • • • 

TOt The Honorable Comnissioner of Patents 

Waah~n 25, D. a. 

lira 

DiVl.Sion 53 

!he undersigned having, on or about the lat dq ot Angust 

1944, appointed 1Hll1a.m D. Ball• or tho Of'fice ot the Chief' Signal 

OtbcerJ his attarne:r to prosecute an application tor letters 

:pltent vhich application 11U tiled on or about the 11th liq ot 

&ugast 1944, tor an improvement in :Electrical S19tem (aerial nw:iber 5491086), hal"ebJ" revokes the power of attorney then given. 

8!.pDd 1D th.a Count.,' or Arlington and. State at VirgiD!e.1 this 

~~ 4a1' of~ ~--A' A. D. 1947. 

aupee~. 

- - ;.:'""Jll 

;.p--

~~ 

M ...... C 

...... 11! 

- .l'".a& 

-- ~ 
REF ID:A70340 

II TB! UNITED STATES PA.mHT OFPlDE 

Dl REI Appllcation o~ ... WILLIAM F. FRIED.u.Ul 

• Serial Jfwaber 

S49,0a6 • 

!':I.led • 11 .lUguSt 1944 

• 

For 

ELECTRICAL SIS'l'EM .. * ... ... * * ... .. * • .. POWER OF AT'roRNFY 

'°' '?ho Ilonorablo Co1J!mjssioner or Patents 

Washington 25, D. c. 

Sirs 

Division 53 

• The undorsiened hav1ne, on or about th'!J llm dq or Aug'11St 1944, 

made application tor letters pa.tent tor en iaprovocent in Elect%'1cal . a,atem (serial numbor 549.086), and having this day revoked a pmcr 

of attorney given on or abcT.lt the lat dq o~ August 1944 to Willlalll D. 

Hall, of the O:tticc or the Chief' Signal otrlce:r .. hareb;r appoints 

~ E. Stauf'fer, ot ArJ.ineton Countr, V1rg1Dia, his attorney, with 

f'al.l po;rer ot 111lbst1tut1on and revocation, to procecute said appliee.-

t1arl.. to make alterations and amendments tbfrein• to reco:tw the patent, 

and to transact all businesCJ 1n the Patent 0£.f'ia.e, aonnocted therewith. 

Signed 1n the County or Arliqton and state of Virginia this 

~J st' .. dq o£ ~= = ·' A.. D. 1947. 

Respect~, 

• ---- .. -
WAR DEPARTMENT. 

ARMY SERVICE FORCES 

Off 

Signal Security Division TO (Service d1v1s1on or orgam ation) 

(Branch or unit) 

3C 340 

(Location) 

Sgt; Stauffer 

(Attcnllon) 

SubJect Forms of Mr. William F • Friedman 

File No 

Mr. Farnum 8 August 1944 

(\' riter s last name) (Date) 

FROM Legal Division 4D 333 72416 

("crv1ce d1v1s1on or orgamzahon) (Location) (Telephone extension) 

Forwarded herewith are the forms for patent application of William F. 

Friedman, title "Electrical System" which you requested on your visit to this 

office on 3 August 1944 for your files. 

l Incl 

4 Forms (in dupl.) 

W D, A G 0 Form No 0105 

March 27 19~3 

2~-209?6 

/s/ H. D. Newton, Maj., S:tgC 

for Raymond J. MoElha.nnon 

Major, Signal Corps 

Assistant Patents & Inventions Counsel 

Legal Division 

copy 
D,S:;:_~~J 

TO. 

__ Cn::..ef 11 F' 1 Eranch 

Fl 

F2 

___ F3 

__ F4 

__ ?5 

FS 

__ Property Off ice.c 

r,al.l Desk 

__ Forno..cd t.o 

Uocwnent 

No. 

F3.UL 

Infornnt,_on ,_ Tb tu.1 n___ T~rping __ _ 

Infr::-,r,d ;.tJ ori ·- ? .: le __ Corr-:icLion 

Gul1e'.:-J_n Bua.rd 

lnfo~",) __ -::,Lon uf rill 

IJccessary 

,-i.ction ---

-------------------------

-------------

S.2:CRJ':' FL.~ST .,lCTLD 

REF ID:A70340 
• REF ID:A70340. 

PETITION 

TO THE COMJJIISSIO!&R OF PATENTS: 

Your petitioner_, Jt1lham l. Fr1Mr.en, a 

citizen ___ of the United States residing at 3212 ~ilitaL{Rd •• N. W. 

in the County of M;•eb' nP,on and State of .....;D:..•:....;;C •• _____ _ 

and whose post-office address -..i•1111a:uN1-1 ... D.,.,.rt,,.,..on~r,_.r ..... '-=-1'1c..,,~-~----~--~~~ 

-------------- pray_a tnat Letters Patent may be granted to for the improvement in __ _ 

:n .BCTRT1 .AT. 5 fli:CmJ 

set forth in the annexed Specification. 

And he hereby irrevocably give_._ control of his application for Letters Patent to the Secretary of War, and appoint--11 William D. Rall, 

whose post-office address is care of the Chief Signal Officer, Pentagon Building, 

Washington, D. C., attorney with full power of substitution and revocation to 

prosecute this application, to make alterations and amendments therein, to 

sign ~· name __ to t~e drawings, to receive the Letters Patent, and to transa~ all business in the United States Patent Office connected therewith. 

Signed at-------------- in the County of irlinoon 

and State of \l'iilol'iFDiLR this day of AU!llat. 19..JW 

(Sign here /a/. .,111am F. Fr~edman 

(first name in full) 

SPECIFIQATION 

TO ALL WHOM IT MAI CONCERN 1 

BE l'r KNOWN, That !illi@J Jt", FrJ ec)i'.an. a citizen 

ot the United States residing at 3932 l illtarv Rd. in the County of WL&hillb?t.on 

and State of __ n .......... C .. ·----- have invented certain new and use.tul improvements in ----~----....,.k~JM.~.c:~TH,.r1~,1~1~,•SwJh ... TMfll-----------------------------------

of which the following is a specification: 

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the 

Government for governmental purposea, without th~ payment or any royalty thereono 
• REF ID:A70340 • 

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF I atth: my signature. 

(Sign here. tirst name in full) 

OATH 

) 

County ot Arlin~on 

----------------------------~----

)

) 111. 

till:uua F. fI'ie'};nn , the above-named petitioner, being 

aworn (or at'rirmed\ deposes and says that he is a citizen ot the United States 

ot .America and resident of 39 12 Military kd., ~··, '®inno~ n. c. • 

that he verily believes himself to be the orig D.af. lrst, an sole inventor ot 

the improvement in r1 i<:C'tc c~ 1 t!rTt.'• - described and claimed in the annexe specification; that he does not know and does 

not believe that the same was ever known or used before his invention or discovery 

thereof. or patented or described in any printed publication in any country before 

hia invention or discovery thereof, or more than one year prior to this application. 

or in public use or on sale in the United States tor more than one year prior to 

this application; that said l.Dvention has not been patented in any country foreign 

to the United States on an application filed by him or his legal representatives 

or assigns more than twelve months prior to this application; and that no application 

tor patent on said improvement has been tiled by hl.Dl or his legal representatives 

or assigns in any country foreign to the United States. 

/a/ iJll1am ~. frlodjr.an • 

- (Sign here, tirat name in f'U11} 

SWORN to and subscribed before me this J at. 

(Beal here. to be impressed 

in paper.) 

day of Aug11st , 19 ""'"14r---· 

34-61699.\BCD 
llHEREAS., .. William. P'. Friedl2n, a citimen 

of the 'miitea States I 

• have invented certain improvement• ~in--~~--~~~~~EL,....,,EC"~mll~l"C"AL~~s~ISMf~Hit~--

.. 

t or Which the undersigned OD fiin date fierei£tft 

executed an application for L-e~t~t-er-1--:P~a~t~en--=t--o~t~th~e--u~n~I~t~e~dl""'!i!S~ta_,.t_e_a_;_an __ d..---------

WHEREAS., the Government or the United States i1 desirous or acquiring 

the entire right, title and interest in and to the aaid invention and in 

and to any patents that 111AY issue thereon: 

NOW, :rHEREFORE, in consideration ot the premises and one dollar ($1.00) 1 

the receipt or which is hereby acknowledged., the undersigned has sold., as1igned and transferred., and by these presents does hereby sell, assign and 

transfer unto the Government of the United States of America, as represented 

by the Secretary ot War, the entire right, title and intereat, throughout 

the United States ot America, and the territories and dependencies thereof, 

and not elsewhere, in and to the said invention and to the invention as described in the specitioation exeouted by the undersigned on even date herewith, preparatory to obtaining Letters Patent in the United States therefor. 

and to all Letters Patent issuing thereon and any continuations., oontinuation•-

in-part., divisions, reissues, or exten1iona or such Lettera P•tent; the said 

entire right, title and intereat as W9ll as the control ot the proaeoution 

ot the a~plioation and all continuations, oontinuationa-in-part, diviaiona, 

reissues, or extension& thereof as where are or that may be granted, to be 

held by the GoTernment a1 tully and entirely a.a the same 110uld have been 

held by me had this aaaigmnent and sale not been •de. The undersigned hereby 

gives the Government ot the United Statea ot America the non-e.x:olusi'V'e right 

to make, use or sell the said invention tor governmental purposes in all 

foreign countries. 

Provided, however, that upon any subsequent notice or allowance ot aaid 

application or or any substitutions., divisions, continuations, or continuationain-part being given by the Commissioner ot Patents, or upon the declaration 

by the Commlas1oner or Patents or an interference involving said application 

or any substitutions, divisions, continuations, or continuations-in-part, 

the entire right, title and interest in and to said invention and said appli· 

cation or any substitutions, divisions, continuations, or continuationa-inpart. and such patents as •y be i11ued thereon will thereupon reYert to 

mrsel.t' 

subject to an lrrevooable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free right and iloense 

rem.im.ng vested in 'the United Sta tea ot America a.1 represented by the 

Secretary of War., to -.Jee, haw m.de, to use, and to eell the subject matter 

ot said invention for governmental purposes, to the tull end or the term or 

terms tor which any Letters Patent, divisions, reissues, extensiona, continuations, or continuations-in-part are or ma.y be granted. 

/s/ Floyd w. Tomkins, Jr. /,/ l\illi.Ba F. Friedman 

lfitn.eaa 

Betore me, a notary t>ublio in and tor the St.tte of Virginia 

Arlin~on, Ya appeared the above-named 

1Cill1Bl!l. F. F'r1ediiiin per_a_o-na""'l~l•7-kii0 ...... -wn--~t-o-me-, _wh __ o ___ _ 

in my presence executed the foregoing assignment and acknowledged that his 

execution thereof W'&S hi a tree act and deed. 

Signed. at this 'r/ day ot Au&Ust 

------------------------~ ------------ 1944 

-----· 

/s/ Marie Suaan Palmer 

iotar;y Publio 
.. .. • REF ID:A70340 • 

LICENSE 

William F. Friedman, a citizen o:r the tmited States; and; 

WHEREAs, in pursuance ot said emploJlllent the undersigned hats invented cartain improvements in 

ELECTRICAL SYSTW 

tor which the undersigned is about to make application tor Letters Patent ot the 

United States; and 

WHEREAS, the nature ot my employment, and the conditions and circumstances 

under which said invention was made, are such as to justly and lawfully entitle 

the Government of the United States ot America to have a non-exclusive license 

and right to make and use said invention, together with any and all improvements 

thereon and inventions relating thereto that the undersigned has made or ma7 hereafter make while employed and engaged by the United States Govermnent; 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration ot the premises the undersigned does hereby give and grant unto the Government ot the United States ol .America a :nonexclusive license to make, to have made, to use and/or to sell, said invention 

as described in the speoitioation executed by the undersigned on even 

-.u.-ti-4&.,..;'.Alollileii:iF¥Rw.••tii1R.P..----------~• said non-exoluai Te liaenae to extend 

to any and all Letters Patent which may be granted tor said inveDtion, (including all divisions, reissues, continuations, and extensions thereof) together 

with any and all improvements thereon and inventions relating thereto made by the 

' 

undersigned while employed or engaged by the United States Government, or tor 

which the undersigned may hereatter make application tor Letters Patent while employed or engaged by the United States Government. reserving to the undersigned 

in each case the unrestricted possession ot all other patent rights not hereby 

or otherwise licensed to the Government ot the United States ot .America. Said 

license hereby granted or agreed to be granted shall extend throughout the United States, its territories and dependencies, and all foreign countries and shall 

continue in force lor the full term tor which said Letters Patent may be granted. 

SIGNED at )"i'l-;--ngtan hounty ------• State ot VJ Ti=' n1 a 

~-----l_st ___ day ot ______ A~u.gua-=s_t.._ _____ ~, 19 L4 

Signed: 

/s/ Mark Rhoads 

/s/ ·Harv C. Thompson 

IA/ W1111am t. Friedman i J 
r 

• 5 ;.\ 

' l =-

-l 

REF ID: A70340, 

EGNf ~[;[l ~?,t 

.... .. .. "1r 

1lhla !Dn.ritton n1atea to .. deYloe or -Oliini. -Wlitoa .a:, De 

111ed either u a orypto:;J"&ph ~ emiph.erf.ng and dllolpherlng 

o,..,..,1oat1ona, or a• an. authentograpb tor testing the 

The priJlllu7 object ot thia in't'enbion ia to prori.de a 

oeyptograph or oipber devioe wllioh 1• almpl• 1n ooaata-uotion 

and matnteranoe • but mrnrtheleaa a.ff or de a high degree or 

1eour1~. i• light and readiq porlailio. and oan. 'beriii'ali1' 

diaaaae.mbled u.d rearregod to 'ft:t'7 the oipher key1ng •19111Gnta • 

.A.not.her objeot ot thia 1ln'ent1on la to Pl"ortae ai authentogr&ph. that 1•• a dni.ae tor teating the authentiolty ot a 

•••ace fir slgnal. thereby providing..._ tar u•uring that auoh 

a mttH&;e or aignal originated at an authorlaed eouroe and 1• to 

be oonaidered authentio. 

J.n additt ?D&l. o'b,jeot ia to prOYlda a ncmal b7b0a.rd tor wse 

with a QJ7Ptograph and an a:c.rth .. ntogl"&pb. 

Another objeot 11 to prCJTide a nowl ..thod ror tlw 

authent1oaticm ot meaaage•• 

Other o'bjeab ot the in'ftn'tir.m. will beocao app&r•t tr0C1 a 

~eading ot the tollmdr.g apeoifioatlon and old.ma. 

In the dn.winga • 

Pigur• 1 11 a top or plan rt_. w1 t'l the oonr1 ol011ed. 

Figure 2 1• a. 'top or pl&ll vin' cm an. enlarged ecale with the 

U,boaT"d oanr and put• ot the rotor acmn- ca1tted. 

figure S 1• a •ide •lnatlon w1 th ti. oanl"ll oloaed. 

figure 4i i• a orosa aeotion on line ..,... ot l'lpN 2 with 

the rotcr ogyer cml~cl. 

-

-· 

r~ 6 1• a perapeoti w 'riR" ot the rotor ~ ~h. 

Picur• 8 la a perepeotiw 'View ~ the rator aotiatiiag 

-GONf IDENT1At 

~~~~~ 

.,;; .. .._~ \~·· 

1 vt:I 

ae- 1 

- -~ 
._ ... _ = 

REF ID:A70340 

-CONF\0ENT1Al 

'figure 1 i• a diagram •bowing •ohematioally 

the eleotr1c o1rcu1ta and the meohanioal operating 

m.eobani .... 

Figura 8 is a. 'lift' ot a portiOD or the de'rlo•• 

ill1111trat1:ng a mod1t1ed keyboard and •wltohiug u&m1. 

Figure 9 ia a Ti .. or a rotor suoh •• ia uaed 

in the de'Yioe ot thi• invention. 

The eabodimen.t of the inwntion aeleated frc:a 

among other1 tor illuatratlon in the drawing• u.d 

deaoription in the apeoU'ioation 11 •• tollmn. 

leterring to Fipre 'I. the deviae 111 ll be •"n.. in 

• 

general. to coraiat or a aouroe 10 or eleotr101ty. 

oonnooted to a pair ot wire• 11 and 12 a.oroa11 whioh are 

oonneote4 a plurality (in thi• 1natanoe. twenty-1ix) 

indioatora lal• 13B. use. eta. 'the1e indicator• are 

111\Dltr&ted aa bemg eleotrio laapa arranged beneath 

b. keyboard and indioator panel 14i (•ee Figu1'9 2) and 

each arranged to illuminate ona perforation cloaed by 

a transparent cover 15 bearing one letter 16 or the 

alphabet tbfreon. Panel 14: 11 st0ured in .. plaoe oTer 1. 

gaaket l.f.' or aott rubber or the like. Aoro•• line• 

11 and 12 are alao oonneoted .-nuall.y' operable ••itabea 

l?A. l7B. 17C. eta •• eaoh in reriea wi:th one or th• 

1ntlioatora l~A. l~B, eta •• arranged tor operation by 

puahbuttonsla pro~eoting thro~gh keyboard l• in 

pro.:iu.lli ty to the oovere 16. 

-sC ON F \O ENT\ M. 
REF ID:A70340 

CONF1Pr~T1Al 

Camaenecl to aoh ~ the indioatcr• lll.. 111. eta.. 1• a 

1Nltiocm.1aot ei.otr.Lo nitoh• pJlllft1~ i:a.clloat.ecl a• 19. It 

oaiaprl.••• a :a.umber ot relatlTe}¥ juxtapoa'ble and .rotatable 

orntogr&pbio nttobi:ng wbeela or rotor•- 194• 191. 19C, tm4 

19D• 1n -..-.de. •oh rotor m:dng & plurali tJ ot aprlng I.apt.$ 

and output oontaot. 19 • thereon ( •• 11gve 9) • and a ts.111.l 

wheel 191. 'Wbioh _., hereiarter 'be •lled the ret'l•otS.JlC 

i-otor or nneotor, the output oontaata ot whiah are 

oouneoted in patr•, u •howa diag~tioal~ at 20• in 

Fipre T. •• eleetl"ieal iath. u 20. t.brouch the iiitar 

ayetem. 19 l•da flt• one 1tatiot'2A17 oontaot 20• '\hrough th• 

~op-aphio 1"otar11 and 'bl.olc,. through lctf • -to anat:iber 

1ta.tiomr,. oontaat 20". 'the•• :satU or el.rod.• 10 U'ft 

:rearranged 9Uh Um one or the :roto.ra i• turned. 

In ooncl&otar 11 there i• a nc>rall1""clo104 et.!Rrlo 

hitch 11. a.tea:on om ot the in41oaton, in thi• O&H 

tu. ad mlti-oont&ot nitob 19, tmre i• a 11-,rallyoloaed eleotrio m:toh 22. Ia puoallel with wire 11 S. 

wire llA ocntaiiii.Dg a authenUa&tinc nitoh II baring an 

opwatlq mndl.e h. Win 116. &180 oon.talu a DOl'Mll,...open 

n1toh 25. 

Tul"m:nc Jlff to l'ipl'll• l• 11 ud I tor a d11olowre ot 

the mobuioal f'ea.ture• or ti. i.Dwntlon. the dnlo• 1• •hem 

d eno1Ne4 in a ...... 18 to which are hinged fir otberwi•• 

attaohed. a baok COYer I? and a tront; ocmtr 28. 

CONFIBENT1Al 
-

-~ _-REF ID: A70340 ~ 

CONFH1ENTiAl 

!1- tro!!t oonr, pratecttne the by'board. im lfft.tred to 

eaatq 26 by !l!l9&11.1 ot 1. dottblo hbage 18 • • 18". Thi• arrangement 

peralta the CO'V'W to tit mugl)" upa" guket 14:1 , therebf to 

proYlde a au'batantia.117 dult-~oot and •ter-pz"oof' ol~•ure tor 

the kqooard 14, and yet permits it to lie tl.at :tn tront 

or tho aobine ar to be folded there'bematb. The baok part. ot 

tbe oasina 26,, adjaoent the :rotor uaembq. i• prodded 

with a lip •• (8" Pipe I). Blok Ccmtr 27' 1• adapted. 

to tit owr thi• lip, and'-• a. guket IT•,, whiob pl'OY!dea, 

upon olo11ure ot tho \la.ck cOTW, a 4uat.-proof' and~ 

proot seal. 

!n the top ~ cqing 26 there S.• an opening 19 through 

1dd.oh a aoun.tor SO le Tillible. ~• la MOllt nacU.]¥ Men in 

P1gure s, oae1ng es hu t.ro pro~eottng •11• 26A &l!c!_~6B. 

!he oryptograph!e nitah!ne u11Gllbq 19 la rf'ta:lnecl 'bet:tnen 

these •lla by a mobfu.dm whS.oh wlll aow be cleaorlbed. wall 

18A. ha.a an orit!oe thereirl th'r'>UE;h 'llb1 ch •Y bo puahed pill IQ\ - -

ha.'t'ine; a Jmmoled boad 11 (Pigure 2) and a latoh II oooparatixag 

with a retaining apring IS. Alao pl'YO'ted on. w.ll ISA. 18 a 

spring latob M ot tr-.i.pe. one ar:a 'be!nc bent 'baok parallel 

to the other. The free end MA ot latoh 84 1• perforated 

to allow p1n SQ\. to pats• t.Ju-ough it and bear• oa.., •udaoea 

16 'thereon. 8tatiat1Ar:f oo.m S6 bu a aurtaoe aomplemerrtary 

-to OUl •urtaoee 16 •o that 1'hen latoh H i• 11it.mtd from ta. 
REF ID:A70340 ,..... ,-

-CONFIOENT1At 

•ub•t&Dt.1.ally horlsantal poait1on. 1n wbioh it 1a •balm in 

Pigurea t. '• ands. into the wrtioal poaition. in which 

it ia ahoa 1D Pipre 6. the tree end Ml ot latoh H i• 

mand ,._,. traa •11 26A. and oompreaaea the eDUre rotorretleotor uaembl.J' •o aa to insure cood oontaota through 

the apr.uig oc.nta.ata 19 1 tbereor. 

The -.n.ually operated meana ~or rota tine the 

aeyptographio rotor• 19 will next be deaoribed. Aa ••• 

in l"igurea i. 2. a. a».d. 6,, ouing 2t ha.a a. reoe1a 17 1n J.ta 

top ir:s.to whiah tita a plunger oonai•tin& ot ti11&9rp1eoe 38 

he.Ting a 1111U.d1nc tit 1D the reoea1 an.d a :rocl 19 upon whioh the 

tinprpieoe 1• 1LOW1ted. llod S9 cawsea tr-shaped atirrup •O 

1;o turn Ol1 i ta pi Tot& in •lla 28l and 2G:B. On 8\iZTUp 

&O la a. oa f.l, which actuates follower '2 tut on 

lbatt f,S ~ oounter ao. Stinup 40 alao bu a Mmber 

'4 to 11hioh aprtnc •I ia attaahod and •hioh ca.rriaa .. 

taoe 46. Detent 47 18 piToted at fr8 1.11. walla 2Uo and. 

16B and i• atressed by apring 4:9 10 that cam 60 enp.ge1 

oUl taoe '6. Spring diatenta 60 normally hold. rotor• 19 

1n thoir relatiY• poaitiana but albaov ... nt ot t!w•• 

rotors under the aotuation ot p&•l• sa. .o.tent teeth 

&l are moTed 1J1 u.d out ot the ratohe't d8pr••icma in. the 

•Ulttaoe ot the rotors 10 upon ea.ah :movement ot •tinup "°• 

u will be herainarter t'urther dAl•or1'bed. 

CON~ENTIAl: 

- .. 

__ i 
REF ID:A70340 

CONFIDENTIAL 

8tirrup 4.0 oarri• a pin 52 on which are piwted a 

plural.tty or- oaa-end .. pa.wl dov1oea, t>M., 63B,. SSC., and 58D, wbioh 

a.re urged by ·~· M againet the rotor• (•oe Fipre• 6 11.nd 9). 

llnioe 639, tor aample (Figure 8) • baa a .a 56B at.-1 a l*Wl. 588• 

and the•• are adapted to ooopera.te. respeoti'ftl.7. with ratohet 

depret•ions&e ot l'Otor lQA and paw1. notch SSD on the rotor 19B. 

Th• operation ot thia de'Yi.oe 1• u tollona Co'VW 18 

1• opened. to upoae the lotybaard. It,. u treqwantly happens, 

lil:dtatione ot epue require, the oowr ~ be tolded baolc 'beneath the -.chine. For enoiphering or deoiphering. handle 2f. ia 

opEtrated •o that nitoh U ia open. 'that push button 18 whioh i• 

U•OQiat•d with the desired letter 1• deprea1ed and the nitoh 

controlled tbereb,y 1• operated. ror uample (to moipher the 

letter B), it push button 18 uaooie.ted with the letter E la 

depi*oHed• n1toh l'li 1a thereupon ol09ecJ.. and 001'.llleot:lm:da.-.de 

trca. batter;y 10 through line 11 .. nitoh 21,. line UB, nitoh l?E., 

lamp i:m. and lin• lJ back to •ourae 10. 111\mlim.tiJ:lg lamp m. / 

Tbi• aotiM aleo oloae oo:mutotiona trOISl battor;y 10 tbroup llm• 

11, llB,. tbr.:;iugh "1 tch 17E,. then al.orig line llC,. through llW1 toh 

za, li• 20,,. thenoe through. rotcra lQl, 1',. C,. D ud retleotor 19E• 

rootara 191>,, c. :a. A.. to line 2on, lamp 13Z,. 'thenoe through line 12,. 

D&ok to eourc-e 10., Lam.]?9 UE and iaz. are •1mult.DeoW1lf 11gl:ated. 

ud tl:d• 1nd1oatea that the oipb.w equi..,.,lent o~ the letter E ia 

z. To deoipher t.he letter z. the puah bu-tton 18 uaooiated with 

the l.ettw Z 1• depreaaed and the cd.J"Oui t i• u tollOWl!J t batter.ey 

lo .. line 11. Pitch 21. 11- 11D,. nitch 11Z, lil:w ZOD, through the 

--CONFIDENTIAt 

--
-- REF ID:A70340 

- CONFIDENTIAL 

l'otor..,...otleotor uaemhq. line r.o. nitah 22, 11• 11.c. luip 

usx. line 12, bLok to ba:f;ter;y 10. t.mp l3E would be 1llminate<.t. gi.Tin& I u tbe plain-text equinlent of z. .lt the • ._ I 

time tho t.mp l3Z wwld ai.o be lighted b,y the oloeing I ~ 

Pitoh l?Z e.nd bi' a o1rouit wbioh i• H•entil.14' •l.ailar to th9 I 

one deaoribed in conneotion with the oloa1ng ot mtoh lTE, I 

1'bu.w,. •inoe .rotora l» oormeot &11 the luapt l&.,, UB,, eto.,, I 

ad all the nitohea l'l'A.,, l ?B,, et.ou together 1n 1'1H, .-oh 

i..twr b&1 another c:wreepc:.'llldi.ng to 1t. 

l'or rotating the crn>togn.phio roton l9 and tbut 

Ta.l'Yinc the oormaotiona betwlten th• vuioua pe.1ra or l.uapc 11 

I 

and n1 tab.ea 1 T,, the pluoger 38 i• CktF9••ed. •ti~ "° 1a 

rotated about 1 ta pivot. and the member• 5Al., eto. • moTed. A 

p&wl 68 111.ll norally ride on & rSJa 6T ot a rotoi"'• enc4 under 

theao oonditim•• 1-ts uaoa1nted oam .f'aco 56 o:a.n a.qt eJ'.\ter • I 

ratohet dopre••ion to atep an adjoining rotor notwi'thetanding 

+.he w-glng ~ its 'P"ilJC u. A• aoon, howenr • u • p.wl hlla 

into t. pawl notoh 66D it e.nd lta oaaa IMlllher JIOYe upa.rdlf •Olllflllhat I 

arid toward t.be rotor• &l1d the latter enp.g•• a rtLtob.et depreaaion.. 

!'hen, on~ ot etinup 40,. the rotor 1n q\l8at1on i• atepped. 

lt will be notioed that.. in Tin ~ tJl.e -.imer i». ..,_ob tarJc &9 

ot deTioe 6:;A underl1q dertoe AB. eta.,. dni• 611. O&J:l uot mQ99 

u~ unlffs d&Tioe SSB baa ao lllO'ftd. 'the pawl -mer~ 

4evioe ~D rile• on eaoh operation or atirrup 4041 &I !t drops onr 

-11.ouldei> 58' ot :lllelllber 60' • The reault 1• that rotor 198 atepe 

eaoh t1- the .tirna,p 4iO movee, rotor ltD •tePI cm.oe tor -.oh revolution or 191'!. 100 etepa oM• ' tor ea.oh reYOlution ~ 191>. .to. I 

Ynlenever. OQ 55 drol'S into a notoh aa, and ti. ~ ot 'tlw 

plun,ger 39 1• ccapleted .. the oorreapo ... ding rotor U u m.oved one 

attep. 'l'hi• re-e.rrugea tbe aonneot1ons tbroucb tbe,l"Otol"• 

and oOllmQta ditteront pa.in ot laDp8 1a. 

rnNFIBENT\Al 

-&-
-

!!"' 

~---..... -----~---

REF ID:A70340 

CONFIBE~JIAL 

.to., together. Counter &O 1.8 m.O'f'ed one l1l.J:l:llen.1 beoauae 

tollonr U 1• 6-prea•ed. by oam. '1 and 1prlng l"etwned. 

19 beoauae 

' teeth 51 enter notohd 1n rotor• 19. 

A dtrtatled deaoription ot the opera.ti'*" ot tJw 

devioe a.a u au.thentograph tor ineurin.g the authentio1t7 

~ a ••.age or a •ignal will nmr \!e g:l:nm. l..a•uminc 

that qroeement baa been prniouaq toe&Ohed 111' the two 

pal"ti•• oonoerned a• to tho wiring ot the 1neral rotor• 

and their arrangement in the device. the counter i• ••t 

to aero. ud n1 toh 21 i• oloaod bJ aapp1Jlc band le I*• 

Plunger 19 1• t.:b.en depre•••d• opening nitobo• 11 and II 

an4 oloatng nitoh ao.. 'l'hi• 9'0'Y8m9Jlt Jlaffll oO'Uttter go 

OJl8 poa1tion tol"11&rd and alao om or aore rotora 19 one 

.Wp. TJ:MJ following circuit 1• then MtabliahedJ Souroe 10. 

line 11. Une llA• olosed. 1nd:tch 2a,. olosed nit.oh 25, 

1111• to. the11oe through tho rotor •111tom to wh1ohenr lamp 

bappena to be paired with laap l.SE a.t the ... imt. Suppose 

it to be r:. fhe oil'ouit to lamp lZE ill at thi• tU. open 

at pitah 22 •o tih&t 1allp E i• :not 1llum.1nated but onq the 

ltuap corre• pondhsg to 1 t• eno1 phered equ1 'ftlenis mun.elf,, L 

'tn. l..tter llb.ioh 111 tbws paired with lSE beoOJDetl an authen.ti• 

oa:tor,, which 'Ifill,. ot oourae. be duplioated Oil a •ob.ine 

s1m1le.rl.y aet to the •ame lm7. 

Wow •uppoae that the device 1• being Ullod to 

authentioate • plain-language •sage aant .troa station A 

to atation B. Ra"f'ing tranami ttecl the aeeeage • at&tion A 

opera.tea 1ta deTioe a.:ad tw.dm tho autbentloating letter to 

-CONFIOENTIA~ 
~,. "'Ii' , r I tir' v'4 :10 f i;-" 

i•~ ~i~ a i .. 1·~. t, ... ,f11~·1 

~ i l ~ . c f rr l .§ .. E f !;I l r ~ ti: l f .. " 

lii; r.~t.~~[! lfi 4 f ;l B1'g If)~ " [! f r t; •• R OJ. f I' tc ~ .. ~ I ~ ~ . ~ 

r: .. i:; s If rtit J r l 

·~ · f arf 

! 

'1 

I I I lirl 
REF ID:A70340 

CONF\OENT1Al 

The abOYe de•oription 1a 1n 1peoit1o terms. 'but 

it ia to be under•tood that tb.9 bmmtion 1• not limi1*4 

to the praoi•• 1tructurea and o1rouita •hewn and duoribed, 

Iziatead. tor the true aoope ot the iDYention. ref'erenoe 

•hould be had to the appended olaim.w. 

I olaims 

CONFIBENTiAL 
REF ID:A70340 -

.. CONF10fNT\AL 

1. %a a ~ haT.lng relatlwq ftJtai:able el.actr!o 

n1tcbe3 arranged 1a cascade theire1n• a plmagv ar the l1b e:l"lUpll 

fGt' lllllWll e>peftltion, w.ns •socJated with aid plD!tf'J" mi oooperat.-

~ \1p01l. 4-pression tbereot with oxao ot mid elecVic niWioe tor 

agtil.arq dUpla.cing the w, ... associated with ea1d plwcer and 

coo:pe:ratha& upco>. dep:ession tbereot with awtiher eleotrtc llltl.tch rt# 

"iDIP''larq dlaplao1ng the w &ftlllr a ~ IU!plar a.s..plaoe-

..tot aid nnt .. -uoned ..iteti • .ma brake operable~ ..u 

~ tbroug1i • J.aet-mtion coxmection tor ~ more thm a 

4-si-red. ~ 41apl~ of UT Ritch. 

.a. !D. a ~iii, the coabiDB:fdan of a BOarCe of' carreat1 

a plurali~ or bpit and output canta.cts, a plura1.t'Q' ot 1za!S•t!nc 

&rr1cea each with a ~ open cdrcuit between lt. -1. an btp.\t eont.ct and•~ open ~ult bvt.1reen it ad e:weey· aatp.it ccntact,, 

abd a sw.ltoh 'UMOQ1ated with~ ot -.1c1. ~nH•tbl& devieea em1 .aapt.i 

-...n. closed to ~ 1ta -.!a ~ WJ.Uoned td:rouit w cme or m:l4 

•ound a.mticmed ~te. 

,. !he .-b:lmtion ot Claim 2, ~ ~ 1v" 

-.am !er ft:l!"1"ing the ..ie.tion of a seoond 98JJ.tiDned cdrcuit to be 

edlph\ed span the clos.mc of' • Ai~. 

4. 1'he CC9hiatim ot ClaJa 2. ~ oba'Ncter!..t 1-" a 

plnrall\J ot wdrlrae ~.the~ open cdrcu.tii eertwen e. s1cl 

tDUca~ ~am tbs -.id output cantaots inclmS.,. Rid rotors. 

'· !a a ~pb., a ~t;r or C1"J'Pto&rapldc rotors, 

ft4tJ CDIJ7 ~ ml oo.tput oante.ot. adapted to De eom3Ueted 't'a.rlab.1;r 

Sn pa1:ra tb:rougb. lla1d rotors, .. ,,..., .... OQD.tttlCted to -.ch ot aed4 

.ta.'Uor:aaJ7 ccm:tacta; a switoh uaocJ&t.ed nth -.ell. iad1..tar. at a 

~ ot 4IUl"Z'8Jd, -...,q,- t.he alos.blg or cm.a or -.id ffit.hea w:t1l 

oloae a ~t th:roagh a -3.Mted 1JapUt ocm:taot and !ta woc.!ated 

tn.U.oa:to.:I!' e.nt an output at ita """'eaw. 

CONF\DENT\Al 

\l 
.. REF ID:A70340 

0

rtNFIDENTlAL 

'· !he invention o'r Claim 5. tttrther ~ei;eriz ed .,,,. 

weam !or ateppin.g the rotaPs. 

7,. ~ invention or Chd.a s., .tarth8r characterised b;r a 

~er or the like adapted when depressed to ttt.ep a roto.r. 

S. 'fhe eaabination withe. Cl'7Pf;ogra}il.1otiwlce i.ri»c a 

pluralifJ of electrteal inpttts tor the che.ra.c'\ers to be emiJMred, 

a plu:ra:U.. v ot eleotcl.cal ont}'llts tor the 811Ciphered equiftl~ or 

-1d cbaraeters6 a rtewhig plM1 or t.be lib .imlwl:lnt: a lap tm- es.oh 

ebal'acter • a nitch associated with each ~ lf.1ld. with a IOUl"Ce ot 

~Ul!reut,.. and a plure.llt7 ot circuit• each including 88.id ~e, .ane 

of es.id swttchee,. a lup aHQCiated therewith, an 1».put carreapoultng 

to the ebaraeter represented 'Qy aa1d lmlp1 and a lap carreaporJding to 

the ontput; associated with the l.a8t .ntioned inptlt1 wbaebJ" tbe eloai-

.hg of 01le at Mid. switchas will. ~ a 1aap :representing a cbaraeter 

to be ~ ISl1d a laap rep-esent1nfi t.he C11.li~ equiftlent at 

118.id dlaractoi-. 

'· til a~ the COllbi:c!atim or a plu:raUtf ot 

electx-ioal 1nputs tor the cbara.cters to be encipha;red, a plurallt;y ot 

aleatria.1 output. far the ~cl eqtdftlents ot -.id obaractera, 

... ~ or current, a Tie\rl.nc fGel or t.he l.:ike. 1ncludtng e. lup t'cr 

.ch ~cter, an al.ect.r-1-cal contact umoclated with each lamp, a 

«nitactin.i ..W.rt and a p.1.uralit,. o! ~open ehcu!ts -.ah 

inol1:rUna add sou:r:ce. said contacting lllB'mber, om ot aa1d .~ 

e~. the lamp am~ C4?'respnnd1DfS to the cba:rao:ter usocie:t.t 

wtt.h aid corrl;aet, e.Dd a 1-p corres~ to the outpat associated 

with the last mantioned :ln,pllt, wberebT a contact 'betWIMD sa1d contacth& .,.her and. 02lQ or add contaota wllJ lJ,ght a lalli> represent~ tlla 

tlfiC~ oqalvalent of aaid cbara.c1er. 

CONFIDENTIAL 
I' -

' 

' .... 'ifw'!~ 

REF ID:A70340 

CONFIDENTIAL 

10~ 1.n an t\uthentograph1 a BOUree of current., a pluralliq 

of ~e rotors, et.ationa;r:r contacts adapted t.o be eonneated 

in pdra w.r1abl3" tbr~ ea.id J:'Q'bora• an indicator COIJlleCted to ea.eh 

or Mid stat:!om.:J.T contact.a, a pl'D.Dgel" or the l1ke adapted wben de-

~ to d1splace engW..arl;r cme or JIOl"e of aaid l"Oto:rs 1 a ~:t.ch 

controllJJ>,g a oireuit between ano 111iat.1.oia?7 contact a.Di another ata.-

t1aoar.r eanta.ct and its :bmicator, and a 1"Qrther ~ apell •wiiioh 

&Cle.pted to be cl.oeed lf" ~ plurcer tibarebf to enerpse th& im tnatar 

usoc.1ated wtth said ontput cnq it aa.id additional no:raaJJ.y opa 

~ Ls clo=sod. 

ll. XU a cmJ>jJJatJ.cm Y.lth ~ t:Z7Piiotirarfdc a.vice adapted to 

~jve hpa:t e1gm.l.s represeut.inl ebaraot..ra to bo em1phll-ed a1ll ie 

.SX tlWI •S&DAJs and. to bslieate to c qparator both .i»plt a.ad e'QQ~ 

~t.ero. an authent14ator adapted wban actuated to :!.-Uoa11e tOo 

output char&cter &1.1aoo14t.d 'ld.tb • ~terr.imd 1»pat; ~. 

12. Ill oombination With a ~phic dn'1oe adapted w 

t"eeoi:re 11.wUt ed.pa.l.s representing characl\ere to tM ~ ud. 

tncl:adi'• a eri ot ~pdo zotora 1a oaacado ror ~:dBi tbo •Jr 

Ula• wns tor i!l:l!cat.bJa to c operator both 1apnt Gld.~ 

cha:ractcra., ~ tar newing the :rotors. am mans rer noo:rd1D& ~ 

atepa ot -.id roWf5. and an &Utbentioator adapted 11'*1 actuated to 

!tif toe.te Ol:llJ the ~red chara.eter 1.nst.anta.Daoval: uaoc1e:ted w:ltb. 

.. pPe{B'\erldned ~t obaraeter. 

13. !he •t.hod Qf pt'Orl.d1ng an autbentioat.iatl tor a .,,$Etp 

~1s1Df che.:raeters me~ b.r a at ot ~ptogr;apuc at.eppil:lc 

rotors whieb. inoludes reioord1ilg .._ steps at the rotors and uUJiU.111 

the enoi,pbued equ1"9'al.ent o.t • F8'fetera.1Ded. c.baracter attco a in4eter.!.Md IQlber o.t nope or said ~. 

CONFlDENTlAt 
REF ID .. : A70340 I -

CONFlBENTIAl 

14. !be •tbod. ~ autbanUeating a .uqe 1v obaractan 

~d ~ an electrical qstea ol stepping CJ.7P1'ogr&}Mc rotaN 

!m."fin& an 1npJ.t oontact and au oatput oaniact tor each ~ 

1'bich ~s ~ a oircuit ;m3nHns a ~ 1nput 

cm\act and u autpit C011tact de~ vpcn the ~ pod.-

Umia at said l"Qtlo;r~ aDi util1s1:Pg the enc!~ eq:u1-.lent of tba 

cbaract&r 8*Jocd.a.t.ed with lll&1d preclet.ndned h\pt1t ocmt.act tor mom 

~~ ot -.id rotQrs. 

15. 1'D. & ~ ~ • phrall~ ot :rotar. la 

.-.a., a latch ror dt:ressi»& said rotors in position. cmprLdJIB 

• ·~ ...,_ ct ~ mate:t"lal :baTi»g cme enr1 pl~ 

wmltte4 and the otaer end 1l'W tcr longi\udinal ~t 1Dto ux1 

out ot ~t Yl:t.li one d ot the a.id :r:otora, a _. surfaoe on 

Mid b:e$ -i. d a .ta.UQlleey C8ll oooper&thg with add ca Slit'-

'-to W#8 Kid tree end when aaid latch la Llll"'D8Ci a.baart its pivot. 

16. Ill a ~ tar a ~ of' the obaracter deaeribeda 

• tnrltcb!nc el~ tor .ob 4baracter whieh _,. \e utilhed 1n opora.-

t1a1r.,, each ot -.id n!iiching eleMnta 'bdng adaplie(l 1*pClll actmtion to 

~tea 1Ad:t.ob._ all4 an imica:i;ar ad.1aoent .ch nitchiD& ~. 

1'. h a btp:md lW' a dsrl.oe ot the ohare.rier du«dlaad.,. 

a -1.tch tir each cJaracter which wt be utiJJ.O. hi operation, a pmh 

bu.tton or the lib exta11ng tbroagh the lra;r'board 8Jl1 adapt.ed 111*1 

te:pr$$tdon to cloee a nitch• an indicator for ach character which..,-

~ ut1J1Md in operation• each ot aid 1.adieators ~ aijaoat to 

~ ot add push batitons" aJld -.ana tor coamecting Aid ialicatarB amt 

aa1d cndtcbas 11be:rab;r the dap.-euion ot a push button will~ 

•t leut ono ~DHcaw. 
~--2"- ., l.... ... ... ~ .. .....,, -~' 

REF ID:A70340 

' 1 

CONf \DE~l \Al 

JJS.. In a ~ frtZ' a dn1oe at the ~ desorilled.• 

a ..-1.toh tar o.ch al:m.moter wb1oh mB1' be u\SHzed, a posh button er 

t:bet lUa ~ t.h:ruugh th8 ~ and Miapted ~ deI:n&31m to 

alaee a ..itch, a 1al1cntor torr MCb ehAI'u.otcr 'lb1ab _,- b:i 'Q't1 J, ..,,,, 

~ r4 ""1d fnd,cato:rs befni m!J~ 1;o ane or Mid ~ battorlo, and 

.IMl8ll3 ft1J: ~ -.id ind~eators am1 9B.id mtchea llbelrelv depre9'"' 

d.on of a JWh buttcln 1l1il ~too jJWHaai;or sdjaoent *1:i>eto ml 

~ iml:icato.r. 

19. In a Clev1co o! "\be ~ doecribed v.tlliai:ng ratara 

harlng re.~t d.op:oeaalo:ae 1n the periphary ~ am a ~ aotob, 

-.n:J f'ar .te~ \he l"Otara inol~ a atirnq:> or the lilm ~ 

a lJJdt.d rotary ~t., -.ns tOIZ' ncrma.11.Y hold.1Dg &id .t1rrup in 

an inope;rat1w oaollUrm, a plural.1t,y o! CUH!ni-P'J,wl ~ earrla1 

lq ea.id .tJ.rrup, a ... ~ ~ rw- coopenit.1.on w1 ta a ratcbst 

~ ar a rotar am a i-1 hid.Ile eda,Ptcd !'or oooperation with a 

:pal. not.oh ot mlOther rot.ar. 8allA8 ~gr iaarl.J:J£ -.id .urrup, ~ 

~ UpOn aid DC1Vemcnt terr causing a au. or & aa-an!-pa.wl daT1oe 

~ .ao~t.e with & n:tchet de~ion ~a rotor, a.Di WM f'acr l*"J-

~ aJMltbar ~ ~ ~ iP.:th a ratchet. deprasa1on ot 

litlOibor ~ tmleaa t.W pa:l ar .aid lut. ~ m-e.:rxl-pewl di9-

v!oe ia al.no eoopw.ra.t1Dg with • pal DOtoh. 

3). The .1miantJ.cnl o£ Claja 19 • !"urt.her ohe.re.ateriled ~ a 

Mmialq o,Pefthle pJ>mge;r tar mniDg aaJA atirrup. 

2l.. 'the invant.1oD ot Cl.a:im. l9, tur"~ oharn.ctoriaed 1¥ --

tor ~ aid .-to1rru;p to 1ta ~UTe GOZJd.1tJ.on a1"\e:t> mnamt;. 

Z!. '!he iJMmUon o!' Cla1a 19. ttlrtho:r ~ q, ~ 

SmJwU~ C..t.mt. teoth ar the. lib d.epemlent up:m ~ ot edd atirrup te aav1De tm.o ~ with ratchet ~ of tho rot.are, 

'thea.-eb,r to fW • twt en t>Ts tepp11Ji tbGreQf'. 

CONFIDENTlA\ 
REF ID:A70340 

CONFIDENTIAL 

23. The iJmmt.1on or Cl&im 19, nu-tber oba:rBoteriled q,. 

aprl.Dg mtenta er the lU:e adapted to rwt 1n tb6 mtcb&t 4e~ 

doms o£ the rctt.ora to inhibit the rvt;e.tJ.on tbareat. 

24.. J. ~~ aJ..d aut.hent1cating mchina .U.t.ntnll7 as ldamm. md desaribed .. 
• 

REF ID:A703 • 

.CONFIBENTlAL I I l ' 

. \ 

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/-ww-..vro.q 

~L.L/.4r?r ;=-~/4!:0~"'4/V 

8v~~"-....- ~/-k ~. 

CONF\OENTlAL 
• 

REF TD:A703~ 

CONFIDENTIAL • 

,/ 

' I. . ,, 

• I , '1 

/,tvv•-ro~ 

~LL~"""" r rAV•DHAN 

BJ"~~-!.~ <::i!;)~ .4rrD,f;!'-l,Y" 

CONFIDENTIAL 
~ 

• REF ID: A70340 e 

-f ONf \0£N1 \f,t-

....---------ill•lt---------------.. ~./ 

~ ~ 11 

~ 

i{i 

CONFIDENTIAL 

~ Iii 

IQ 

2 

WILLIAM F. FRIEDNAN 

INVENTOR 

ATTORNEY 
s s s ®@@@®® 

So'ooooo{S 

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OsO OsOsO OsO 

FIGURE B 

FIGURES 

WIWAM F. FRIEDMAN 

INVENTOR 

ATTORNEY 

CONFIDENTIAL 
• REF ID: A70..6.40 

IN TESTIMONY 'WHEREOF _ ___.x __ affix _ _.MJ"¥----- • signature 

Willia r. 1rledman 

(Sign here, first name in full ) 

0 AT H 

Oltz ot Wa1hincton 

) 

BS 

__.n~i~•~t~r~1~outr....Jllo*~~CKKo.lwp111111111h~i~•L--------~) 

Williaa 1. Fri•dan 

the above named petitioner ___ , being sworn, depose ...!_ and say ..!. that ht 1• a 

citizen of -------t~b~•~D~a~1~te~d ..... 1~t.a.t•~•------------------------------------------

and resident of __.•~···~~~t~n~gt~oMn~,..-n~ • ....,..o~,~•"---------------------------------------------

that ----~hw•i.-..-- verily believe• hi•••lt to be the original, first, and ---i•Mo~lM•-----

inventor -- of the improvement - in ---1 ... l... e ... o,...t.-r .. 1 ou-iOijl;'.Cff~~t~o.g.-a-..pllilll ... to ..... Dw-Nilo'lio ... •"•---------

described and claimed in the annexed specification, that --~'he ..... _ d~.__ not know and do_.. 

not believe that the same was ever known or used before ---hwl~•----- invention or discovery 

thereof, or patented or described in any printed publication in any country before hi• 

invention or discovery thereof, or more than one year prior to this application, or in 

public use or on sale in the United States for more than one year prior to this 

application, that said invention has not been patented in any country foreign to the 

United States on an application filed by b1e or --~b~'wlr--- legal representatives 

or assigns more than twelve months prior to this application, and that no application 

for patent on said improvement has been filed by _..-hia. ....... ___ or hi• representatives 

or assigns in any country foreign to the United States, a ..... ~ 

1n.1u.aa ., • :rr1em.a 

(Sign here, first name in full) 

SWORN to and subscribed before me this _ ... &_~ _____ day of ____ Deo_,~•-m,.bU1•1a•-----' 19 .;ii4 .. 1.___ 

(Seal here, to be impressed\'),.,~\ in paper ) 

Notary Public 

W-3952-1, A C 
Tu THE COMMISSIONER • uF PATENTS 

REF ID:A70MO 

PETITiucitizen_ of the United States resiaing at 

in the ~~ --------·•aiai'i*'1•i¥ai~~ja1.in' Db\rln ot Cul•ta 

and whose post-office address ---l•Nl11.i1-.11allY&&&:-.Mil'f'l"lllllt-lll•• .. '5.._-11Wr.Mltf;iaAl-lllC'..tDO!ll!!l~ll .... 1 -l9"'•...-l!Ql-..i----

----------·--------rray--9- that Letters Patent may be 

granted to --•ll1i1t• _____ without payment of fee, pursuant to the provisions 

of the Act of March J, 1883, c. 143, U. S. Statutes, XXII, p. 625, as amended 

by the Act of April 30, 19~8, for t11e improvement in ----tliNl.,.. '941,..,l'•M------

set forth in the annexed Sp~cif ication 

And -~.._.,.._ __ hereby irrevocably give_._ ~o~trol of --~kalM•--~ application 

for Letters Patent to the Secretary of ~ar, and appoint_._ ~ill1c:i.IIl D. Hall, 

~hose post-office address is care of the Chief Signcl Officer, Munitions 

Building, Washington, D C , ~tto.cney with full po\,er of substitution and 

revocation to prosecute this application, to mclke alterutions and. amendments 

therein, to sign •l• name __ to the drc..~ings, to receive the Letters 

Patent, and. to transact all business in the United States Patunt uffice 

connected therewith. 

Signed. at _____ _. ........ ku.S.,n111p~•------- in thf' &i''Mhflll Dl-drtn ot 

aitafGl:aM' _...,.c ... 1-..\lllb-1 ... a-----t:bis b t""-.. ac..y of _ .. .,..~--r111J9s:--- 19...u. 

(Sign here., 

(first no.me in full) 

DlllM I• M .... n 

S P E C I F I C A T I u N 

TO ALL VHOM IT MAY CJNCERN 

BE IT KNO~N, Tha.t _____ ..Jlllit ... 1 .. 1..,.si.me--•c•LJMr.D1.1efe ... na...a..11•L-.---------CJ.tJ.Zen 

of thE. United States residing ot Wa.lhiMtoa lll the •••llK DJ.Uriat 

have invented cert~in ne~ and useful l.Illproveof which ~he following is a specification 

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by 01 for th& 

Gov~rnment for government~! purposes, ~ithout the payment to mo of any royclty 

thereon. 
i- -

• REF ID:A7~40 

LICENSE. 

~. 

WHEREAS, in pursuance of said employment the undersigned has invented certa1n improve~ents in 

IC ... p..1) 

for which the undersifned is about to make ap~lication for Letters Patent of the 

United States, and 

WHEREAS, the nature oi' my el'tployment, and the conditions and circumstances 

under \thich said invention was made, are such as to Justly and laufully entitle 

the Government of the United States of America to have a non-exclusive license 

and right to make and use said invention, together with any and all improvenents 

thereon and inventions relating thereto that the undersigned has made or may hereafter make while employed and ene;aged by the Uni tod States Government, 

NOW, THERE?ORE, in consideration of the premises the undersigned does hereby give and grant unto the Government of tho United States of .America a nonexclusive license to J1U11.ko 1 to havo made, to use and/or to soll, s~id invention 

~~--ii .......... ... ..-......... -111 ... imt~ ..... ._~~~~~~~~• said non-exclusive license to extend 

,.. 

to any and all Letters Pat~nt which I'lA.Y be granted for said invPntion, (including all divisions, reissuos, continuations, A.nd oxtonsions thereof) together 

with ~ny and all improvements thoroon and inventions relating thereto mo.de by the 

undersigned whilr employed or engaged by the United States Government, or for 

which the undorsir-ned may hereafter ma.kc application for Letters Patent while employed or engaged by tho United States ~ovornmont, reserving to the undersigned 

in each case the unrestricted possession of all other patent rights not hereby 

or otherwise licensed to the Govcrlll'\~nt of tho United States of America. Said 

license horoby grPnted or fl.greed to be sra.ntad shall extend thro"Ughout tho United States, its territories A.n.d depondcncios, and all foreiGn countries and shall 

continua in force for th~ full term for which soid Letters Patont IDEIY bo granted. 

SIGNED at ... ,........ Dldl!ia , s..__,f _ __.Q .. a ... t.-...i.t_ ...._ ___ _ 

this 

'·-1-1 (" /I ... ;I'(.) V\ .:i WQ.J .. ~. o_ f' ____ _JDIPJ•l!lll!!ll!ll'••~•:.______ _ ___ C&lf-- , 19 _ "1 

WlllS. r. frl .... 
..,...... 

--. 

~ 

. \ 

---

REF ID:A70340 _-c 

P E T I T I 0 ll 

TO THE HOlcORABLJ:. CviillUSSIONER OF i'ATE!lTSs 

Your ~et1tioner, ~ILLIAM F. FRIEDMA?l, a citizen 

or the United States, residing at Wash:ngton, in the District of Columbia, w~ose ~ost office address is 3932 Military Pead, N. w., Washington, u. c., ~rays that Letters 

Patent may be 'ranted him tor the improvements ln 

ELECTRIC CRYPTOGRA.>IfIC DEVICE 

•et forth ill the accompanying speciricati~n. 

And he turt•er prays that you will recJ,nize 

I. RICHARD PAHIS, Earle Building, Washington, I:. C., RPg-

!stration No. ll,653, as hi.s attorney, with full po~er of 

substitution ana rbvocation, to pr~secute this application, 

to make alterations and amendments titerein, to receive the.. 

plttent, and to transact all business ln the Patent J£fiee 

connected therewith. 

RECENED 11\i 

FA.TENT D~?T 

... - \ \. 

r -~--------------­ ----- --

... 

I • I 

t - ---" 

I 

II 

I 

I .. 

-

a 
S P ~ C I F I C A T I 0 ~ 

TO ALL YI!OK IT lih.Y C':>IiCElU. & 

BI: IT ..aiO~.It THAT I, ~'IL!.I.c! 1''. Fl IEL.JAH, a 

citizen of the Ur...i~~a States, res1a1ni. -t ashir..gt~n, 

1n the D1st11ct or Columbia, bo.lvc 111ve1.1.1.ea cert .... in ne~ 

and "188tul i.JDJr\JVements 1n ELT CT!,!C CILlr .:'\JCR.Ai>1IIC tEVICE 

or wh!ch t.be tollow.1ng 18 a ~~ec~r1c~v~~u: 

r --RECEIVCD for -

t Fl.TENT DEPT. i ... ,_ o_:•_ ~a __ 1:31 

- "' -' '°:'111 

l. 

-- . ·- -:::..A- -~ 

... 
REF ID:A70340 

The ~resent invention relates generally to a 

cryptographic device for enc1~hering and deciphering messages and. more ~art1calarly 1 to a simple and compact 

relat~vely small ~ortable str~cture which 1• o~erated 

electrically by means of one or two customar; dry cells 

embodied within the structure. It ie the object of the 

present invention to )rovide a device or this type which 

may be operated rap1dly1 both for enciphering and aeciphering messages merely b) means or .t)ress1ng ..teys or switch 

elements which are disposed im:!ledlataly adjacent to illuminated elements bearin& character 1nd1c1a. Thus, in 

•ncipher1nt a message by means or the ;resent device the 

iperator merely de~resses in succession the •~itch elements or o~erators ~hich are dis~osea immediately aajacent 

the characters of the messageJ whereupon th~ correSJonuing 

cipher character 1s 1ll~m1n~ted, Conversel), 1n deciphering a messa1e the same process !s followed in that the 

switch operators correspond1ne to the characters or the 

cipher message are auccesslvely de~ressed and the translated messa~e character is illuminated. 

• 

...! 

... 

-
~~--~--------•a._ ....... 

• REF IO:A~0340 ~ 

, • • 

Another object of' the prese11t 1nvei:t1on ts to 

proviae an electJ."ical er) ptot.rii ... lhic aev1co ot tho t) .. >e de6Cr1b'~ 1n ~hich the electr1c~l ay•tem 1& •1-ple and !nclu~e& ci her wh,cl~ ~hlch asy Le aet to any desired ~oa1-

t1on in J.cco1dhnce 'irith an) s)stea: aareed upoh betv.een the 

-eommur .. 1cat1ng persons. I1i 1"111 be f1.1rtl·er urlc'erstuoc that 

in tnfl aevlce aho,rr, herein the c1..,.her "t.eels a ... :, be ~et 1n 

any 'rcdetermin•d man~er bef~ro •~ch measuga, cll&a the ~ot- 6 - -========,..... -- tJ.ng Dill) also, 1r c...eslred, be vta.ried !n the erc:!.pl,~r1n& 

and conse1uently the decipherlnb of the aesskg~. 

The ara'f ir'a" accom~anylnt the oreaent a.r, 11 tca.-

tt\)Ta illustrate ouo 1.1ec1r1c eMb~(i&ert ot tt...e ~-(\ser t 1nven t10111 it beint uncerst\loct, bo.,,over, that vi..r1.1.+io1a8 or 

thd 0 M\>ot'illlcnt tall1ni wt thin t.he scope of tl"..c &,.>par.de<! 

c1 ... 1ns -,;ill be app1aront to .. ers?r.'1 l'k:illPC: 111 ~he art. 

In tt,e drawir.gas 

F!L. l is a ,>lan vie• or tlw preaent device, 

F1L• ~ ia a vertical s&ctivnkl vitt 

tfilke11 ur line ;.>--;: o! F1i;. lJ 

Fig. 3 11 e rr~fm~nta1) pl n vie• 

ta.ken on l1nP 3--3 or r1,. 2; Fig. 4 is a botto~ ViLT tdken on lire 

4--J., ot Fig. 2J 

Fig. 5 18 a perL,ective vie~ ot a 

structural deta.11; ar.a 

1'1£. 6 is a aia&r-mwktlc aho~ini ot 

the electr1c&.l I) s Le.: e:pl:.ycc in tne .n esent 

d&Vit"8J 

Fig. 7 shots a •odi!lcotion or the 

Cl,tlher controll1nt <'evice1 ano 

Fii. R ia a a1•a&aesbl~d pltt.n v1eot the d~vice anown tn Fig, 7. 

-·-- ....... I 

-. .......... _______________ ~ 
REF ID:A70340 

• 

the present device comprises a housing lJ1 prererabl.J cylindrical in shape, provided interiorly thereof 

with a chamber l: and a battery or dry cells 14 disJosed 

within said chamber. ~he remainder or the 1tr~ct1re 1n 

the present device COD8t1tutes a C~VeT for the top O! the 

housing 10, th1s cover also carr)'illG all or the remaining 

qperat1ng elements which ,roject llito the interior or the - ....- - -- - houstn& 101 and COQ,risea a pl~te 16 'hie~ is so designed 

and shaped tliat tho .. er1i)heral portions tl.ereot rest on 

the upper edges ot the side walls or the housing 10, and 

a second 'ldte 18 attached to and spaced fron the lower 

rkce or the plate 16 by brac~ets ~o, ~rererabl) or 1nauln~-

1n& material and ao desicncd and shaped that it may enter 

treely into the interior or the housing 10, the other •tr1ctural and oporatins elements being carried by tho carrier 

plate 18,, &.8 sho,,n,, some or these elements being prererably 

disposed on the up~er surface thereof and the remaining 

element• being properl) attacred to and auspended rro• the 

lower eurrace thereot, 

The ~late 18 carr1e• on the up~er tace thereof a 

aeries ot socket• 22 designed to receive electric bulbs 24. 

A• abown the pre1ent cevlce has thirty-rour such sockete 

and bulbs or lampa, thus ,rovidini £or the t~entr-s1x letters 

ot tl1e alphabet and tbe digits 2 to 9, inclusive, the digit 

111• being re_i>re1ented by tbe letter "I" and the aero being 

re,resented by the letter now. It will be understood, however, that the number or 1uch sockets and lamp• anu the number or characters may be varied aa desired. These sockets 

are preferably disposed circularly near the up~er edge or the 

plate 181 but this arrangement may be varied it desired. 

• 1 

-

... 

• 

.. 

' , 

! 

I 

.. 
REF ID:A70340 _c 

Imncdi~tel/ adJacent eaor socket 2? the ;late 18 

also carrtee and pretorabl7 on the upper tace thereo£ a twoposi t!on switch 26 in ~bieh the romovablc OJntact element 

2B o~erates between tbe fixed cont&cts J~ and )£, removable 

elements 28 being prcterabl) made or resilient metal an.a so 

designed that it normally maintains contact with the up;>er 

contact 31 but may be depressed into a position nhere it 11 

out or engageaent with the contact 3J or.d 11 in engagement 

wtth contact 3~ by means ot the operator 34 which nay be 

made ~r 1nsulat1.nt "1ater1al and projf'cts thr:>ugh a suitable 

aperture 1n plate 16 10 that the same may be operated aa 

desired- rhe plate 16 is provided with a ser1~• of openings 36 in registl'l' with the lamps 24 and each or these 

w1ndo•1 1s provided with a tranaparont closure 38 bearing 

the chardcter 1ndic1a, The later face o! the )late lR 

carries thereon a pair ot &.nnular cetallic strip• 40 and 

42 'hich estAbl1ah contact with the terminals or the battery ot dry cells when the entire structure is pro,erly 

assembled as sh~1m in Fig. 2. The c~ntact atrip 4) is 

connected to each or the center contacts 44 or the socAets 

22 by means ot the sc:ews 46. The ar.nular contact ~2 is 

connected to each or the stationary contacts 32, aa shown. 

!he lower race ot the ~lkte 18 carries the 

bracKet 48 and ~ c~ntact 'lAte 5) which is f1xe~l~ held 

•&a1nat the orackets 48 b) means or the screws 52. The 

plate 5' has a circular 1erles or contacts 54 disposea on 

the race thereof away trom the braccet 481 the number or 

auch c~ntacts corresponding to the number ot lamps 24. 

'· --- -- -

'I 

I 
' 

REF ID:A70340 

II 

Connecting wires 56 lead from the contacts to the 

movable contact elements 2S of the switch 26. Another brdcket 58 is carries by the lower tace of the Jlate 18 ane 1nter-

~osed between brackets 48 and 53 are interchangeable ci,her 

w~"eels or coI&11!1utat.>rs 60 and a return wheel or return commutator 62. The throu&h commutators 61 have an annulbr sertes 

of contacts \Jll each !1:t.ce CJrrespondinR in number to the number of lamps 24 and the contacts on one race are cross c~nnected to the contacts on the other face thereof at random 

or 1n any desired arrangement. The return commutator 62, 

however, has only one set or contacts on one race thereof 

~htch are cross connected at random or 1n accordance with 

any Pesired arrangement. It will be understood that in the 

interchangeable commutators as well as in the r~turn commutator each contact is connected to onl) one other contact. 

The interchangeable commutator 90 l::iJ'ld the end or 

return commutator 62 arG carried by a Shaft 64 and are rotatable tnereon. One end or the ::shaft 64 is received in a 

center recess 66 on the race of the plate SO while the 

other end of the sh~rt 64 1~ received in the a'crture 1n 

the bracket 58, the latter being made of resilient metal ao 

that when desired the s~aft together with its coI?ll~utators 

may be removed tron engagement with the brac~ets 48 and 58 

and the lnterchan&eable commutators may be rearranged e.s 

desired, The commutators 61 and 62 rotate freely on tho 

shaft 64 and are each ~rov1ded with indicat~1 lines 6S a& 

etiown,, those lines being either numbered or lettered, as 

desired, 

6, 

_ 

---

... ___ _ 
REF ID:A70340 

c c 

It will now be undorstood that the commu"Cators 60 

and 62 118.Y be rotatea to any desired position in accordance 

~1th a ~rearranged ke), and that such position ~111 determine 

enc1pher1n& and decipherine, of a mesaca.gE'A. If an a'>paratu• 

of' this type 1s in the hands or persons •ho 11ish to communicate secretl:-, 1tit11 each other ana if the comDutatore in t.he 

two &Jva~a~ua are the aa~e and are set to the same xey position. messages may be enc1Jhered ana aeci~hered rapittly merely by the auccesa1ve depression of the ~eya or o~eratJrs 34. 

th• translation being indicated by the 111W!11nated winaows 38. 

The operation of the ayst~m will now be understood, 

and by reference to the diagra.:Dl'atic showing 1n Fig. 6 it •111 

be seen that in the norm.iil position the cJntacta ~8 •re 1n 

engagement with the u~~er contacts Ja and none ~r the lamps 

34 are illuminated. lhen it ia oesired to enc1,ber a ~essage 

th~ keys 34 ~re depressed successively and at each aepression 

the corresponding movable cjntact element 28 is moved tram engagement with its up~ar antact 30 into engagement with the 

lo~er contact 32. Aseuming tJoiat the Cjaracter being coded 11 

the lettbr "A", a circuit 11 established from the batter) 14 

tu.rough the annular contact 42 through the closed contacts J2 

and 28, wtre 56, thr~ugn a contact on ~late s~, through the 

cro1a c~nnect1ons in the interchangeable commutators 60 leading to a contact on the race ot the i•eturn commutator 62 and 

back ag&ir1 to another c.Jntact on the race ot the return contact 62 and then tnrough the 1nterchan1eable co.unutator 6~ 

and bac~ to still another contact on the £ace ot the pldte 5J 1 

and then by means of anotr1er wire 56 to the contact :-.s or lamp 

"Bn through lamp "B" to the annular contact 40 and back to the 

battery 14. 

1. - - _..,.., 

I 

1 

f 

~ 

J 

I 

J 

J 

~ 

I 

I -. 

1 

I 
-.. , ., .. 'II 'D .. ,,,. ... ~ .................. .... ...,_ .... _._. .. - REF ID:A7034~ 

-

ihua, the praaent device indicates that the lett~r 

RAft is translated into cipher 'b)--meana or the lett~r 'Bft in 

aecodin~. When t!1e a},aratua used ror deco~1n6 contains the 

same commuta~ors ard ln the s&111e ~rrangement the s~itch ~8 

corres~ondint to the letter "D" is depressed b) ~ee.ns or the .. oorrespo~dint, ~~erator 34 and a a1m1l~r clreu!t wlll b~ se~n 

to be eatablushed v-l11ch incluces the lam' '"An. th11raD) 1nd1-

catinL tl•t the trdllalated character corr&spon~1nt to the . .. 

tipher PDn is.the letter "A"· 

- It .. 111 no\. be understood that the c.ev1t'e sholrn 

herein 1a 11mple in construction, m~y bo operated ~1th treat ....... 

tacl11t), and that it permits ~great v&riat1or,-in the cipher 

code within very wide liaita. 

r1ga. 7 ..nd 8 1how a modified construction which 

differs from thnt al~Yll and deacr1beu heret~tore by the eubtti tu~1on ot atr"1~ht uars 7J ane 71 ror tile circular elemonta 5' and 6;, reepect!Y,l) and 1Isert1r4: ft alidably ro~ovable b6r 12 betreen the bars 70 ann 71. the bar ~2 serving 

in lieu or thu cipher wheels 60. 

The electnts 7J anc 71 are aow,tad on the l~er ruce 

ot the plate l!'# as shottu. and are each .. )ro"·'ided 111th 11 lon&itu~Lnal tlange 7) 1 rorm1nc;. to,ether a guide way cooperating 

with the lo11¥itulinal char..nela 7~ in tl.e aiooa or the slidnble 

bar 72. 

The bar 7J he.a a aerie• or c Jr.tacts 7~ on 1 ts inr.flr 

ttLce, the 'llire1 '6 bein• conr1ected to theeo conta.cts. Thf" rontacta 76 on tho inner t11.ce ot tbo er ... d bar 71 arc croaa cor.r,c ctad a• ah~wn bJ linea 77 to return the c1xcu1t throuLh t~• bkr 

7~ and bac~ through anoth6r wire 56. 

s. 

• 

Ll 

-

-

--

-= 

--· _,__ ...,,, 

- -=-"" 
- ... REF ID:A70340-

ihn bar 74 biiS &. set ot Cc.>ILtkCtb 78 UDC. 79 Ol. 

each l~ter~l r&ce coo~ernt1n• ~1tb the CJ&t•cta 75 &nd 76~ 

l'"f''-_,a~t1vel). thr 001• .. at'"tB '78 and 79 artt crosa c..,t.r-~cted 

at r"'1don1 each conta~t or one race bein. c~r~cted to only 

~~,~act on the other t6co. '=!htae corr..ectior,s a.ay be 

aade ln+ttrtorl} ot the bar 7 .. during its manuluctu. -~ 1·e. A 

- J)lur~ltt;y of etuch bars, t'(.Ch bt'\rlrt 1dcnt1!LC•t"i.>n d..t.ta - ::=cY. • 

Poul~ bo su~rltod ~~ tne oporato1, ~r.~ in uat, ''rs>ns com-

-• -- -

• SUJ11C.a~1ng ,.1th e ... ch other "°oulc USO b6r8 1:. f1avint.. tl\t. 

- - ~ue c.Jnnecti~ns aa incicat.ed by the 1~•ntif1.c .. •t~n Clit~ on 

f.~,e l,11r. JI,. 

·- In o:rc!er to give thEo o.:>erators r;r~ht trE'rdon in 

l .. - ---

'ftl'Yini ~~ cli>her tro& tao to ti.'lfl, the b;-~ shou. baa 

a ~ack SO asaociat~a •Lth each c ntact 7~ and a fick q1 b&- .,. 

! •ociated ~ith each contact 79. Cords 8' ha~"fii~ & plu, 03 

a~ each ind ar41 then eillploycC! ror establ1.shinG _any desire" 

cross CiJJU'lPCt1on bet~een th$ c~nta~ts 78 .nd 71. Thus ?er-

.aor•it in c:ommun.Lcutior, w1t1' each other r.uy eat.abl1sh - -t;heir _,..._ 

---

-

• 

.. 

-

-~ 

O'M'. et~her anc-~ay change thom tron tir.e to tLAc, as desired. 

- .. 

.. 

-.3llm 

--

... 

iii 

-

....... 

--

= 

__ ...3!1 • 
- - . ,. - --=-----· ....... .-.... ........... 41:-P-EFn!o .................. 

REF ID:A70340£ 

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 

i. an electric ciphering device comprising b source 

ot voltage, a ~luralit) or varallel circuits conrAected to said 

source, e ch ~£ sa1e circuits com;rising an electr~cal char&cter in~lcator &.?"~ a ~ovable ~witch elemdnt normally in electrical contact rith one s1ae Jf said in~icator and ~ovable to open 

saic contact and ~lo~e cont~ct wltn the source, and additional 

c~rcu1t means electrical!) interposed betveen pairs of said 

switch elements, thercb) establish~ r~c1procal chr.lracter and 

. -- ci~hPr roldtionships betreen the corres~ondinb ~airs of indicator~ 

~- An elec~rte ci~rerinb de7!Ce cozpr!.r!.ng d source ~ 

at voitdi~, a ?lur&lity 5f para1lel circuits cunnectod to said _,. -- 1¢1Irce~ ;~ch ot said circuits co~prl~inL an eli~1"T"cal cliarac; 

·ter incicato:r and ci m.1vablu sw! tch ele:n.Pnt -r.orm&l!.1 in el.ectri- .._ 

cal cfontact with '"3ne site -ot said tncic.!itor ~a movable to open ... 

•aid contact and close contact wLth the s~urce, and •ddttional _-,......,..._.~_ ~ 

ctrcuit means electricall) lnterposea bet~eer'L'1>i'1rs or said 

tnritch element~, th~rebl eStdblish1Ili. rec:;r~cai char~cter and ~ 

-- - ..._. cipher relationships bet~een f.he corres~on~!n~ p&1rs of 1nd1CM- - ...... . .........._.._ 

tors 1 said additional circuit ~eans hdv1n£ adjustkble devices .. - - . -

ror cnaneins the a)airing ot said 1n,.,1cators. 

--

--..., - !a - 1t" i"'- - 7. An electr~c c1;her1n& aev.cecom~1~sin~ a p"'late, a-- . ~ ----- .. - let o! electric clld.racter .l.nl.iCa tor: carr .a.e~ "o:/ the olate t a iii 

_double thro' switch carried by the plat~ i.mmed!ateiy adJacen"'t eacl 

ot said in~icat~rs, each swLtch compr1s1nl a pair or araced r11ed 

:~ntacts and a covable c~nt~ct o~erabl& therebetreen, one or said .. ,,... - - .-:.-- --:::: - rixe~ CJntacts being electrtcally connected with its in~!cator, 

the movable c~tact being normally biased into cJntact ~1th said 

one fixed contact, a conductor c011J.1eatintC all or the other fixed 

contacts, another conauctor connecting the other terminal of said 

...__ ---- - .. - ·-
~ - -

REF ID:A7034i 

indicator, a voltdge sourco connected to said c~nducturs. 

and wiring means elect11c~ll) in~errosed between pairs o~ said 

movable contocts establishing recip~ocal char-cter and cipher 

relationships bet-eea the corres~on~in~ pairs or i?Adicators. 

~. .An e""Ieclr!c ciphering oev~ce comprtslnt a plate, ~ 

let or electric character indica~~r, carr~ed ~ the ?late, a .. .;..._.. ..:: 

double throw awt•ch carried by the ~late im:e!t"!t-:f:: bdJacent eacf 

ot said 1n~icatjre, each •witch comprtsint a pa!r ot sp"ce~ fix~ 

eontacts and & movable co~tdct operable t~crebit~~cn1 one or sa~ 

tixed contacts be1Di electrically cor~.ected ·~ w1tli fta rn~lcator,....;;;. - the movable contact beint norm&lll bla,ed Lnto contact with aaid , ..... one r1xed 001,tc:Lct, a core uctor cor.nect1ng a!! Of lE.e 01.her tixe&-' 

cofitacta, another conductor conr..eetir~g the other 

~----.... 

terminal of said 

-

indicator, a voltagE' source connect1n~ to se.ftI~:>;i~c~~rs, and • 

Wiring seans electrtcallj 1nter~o£etf"bet~een ?airs of ~aid ~ov-

• ~ -- tionships between tht.. C:Jrres~ondint patra of 11:.e1cat)rS1 said 

ilr:ng means bai!n.s. adJustMbl~ devices for changlri~ the pairs 0~ 

. ~ =~~- ~ 

1aid indicators. 

-- 5• An electric ciphcrinE. rev!.ce c~!i'Pr~ting a •">late ~ 

- .. '6ear1n& a set of' character indicia :Jn a face thereof, an electric - ~ 

~,lamp d1s~ose~ 1m~ediatcly adjacent ~«ch ch~r~C'fci'r, d ~anually ~ ~ I ... 

Qp'!rable s.vitch iclj¢ each c:raracter, .. ind c!.rcuit "1.eans and 

devices whereby th9 operat\on of a ~~ttc~ corre~;,ona!nr to a 

•elected character 'l.,111 illumtn·. 'l!c :>ne of said....£.t!.arscte1•s to in-

\ ~i~ate a cipher symLol t~ereror. 

- -

\ : -.. ' .. \ 

\ 

lo. 

-
REF ID: A7031fl 91: -

-

6. An e1ectr1c c1~her1ng devlae com~risint. a yldte 

bearing a set or cnar~cter indicia on a face t~ereof, an electric 

lamJ disposed l'lllll~di&tely adJa~ent each char~cter, a md.llually 

o'erable ~wLtch a~j~cent each character, i.n~ circuit ~e&ns and 

devices ,..he'"Cb) the opera ti.on or a ~~11 tch i:orrf sponding to a 

selected clv\re.cter 1~111 illul'l1natc ~ne o.r said characters to ind1ca~e & cijher s~'m.bol theretor 1 s~td devlces 1ncludin& ~eans 

f'or ~rar JlnJ;, tJ:.c cipher code. 

?. 1ln electric ciohc~~~ ~evice CJMprtS1DL 4 9et of 

electr!call~ operablt character 1n~1catJrs serving both as 

messata characters an~ as c1:>hPr synbols, 'i. Slv!.tcl" 1:1.'sociatod 

with each in~i~ator, "Uld a ~iring ~)Ste~ for said in~lcators 

and ~•i~ches ~roviding ar elec+rtcal pdth for each ln<lcator 

~hi~h also includes the ~~itch assoclatee •!th ~r.oth~r indtcator Thereb:' the tw::> 1ni 1cat~rs thus a.:soclc:1.tc.d h.:-V•· P char1cter 

and ci]her relation<Jlli) ~c the o;icrat.!.or .. of tne b" t tch or one 

o~eratcs the other in\.11cat.Jr. 

8. An ele~trtc ci)hering aevtce co~.risint a set or 

elcctrica:l! operable charucter 1ri.e..1cator~ serving b~th ~s 

messbge cha1Acters an~ ~s c1ph3r ~abolJ 1 ~ '\itch ~bsociated 

with eac~ indicator, and a ~1r1Ilo ~ystem ror satd lr&tcstors 

an~ q~itches ;roviding an electric~l lath for each inc!cator 

w!'J.lch c:11so tnt"ludes the switch assoc1cltcd WJ.th .a.n\lthJr indicato,.. wherebj the two ~dicat.JrS thu.,. aSS\lCi.it&d ha.VO c\ Char11:.cter 

ana. cipher relat1onsh1' and the :>pera ti on or the llJ\tl tch or one 

operate~ the other 1Ll1cator, sald 1trin& s~stem lnclud~ a 

var1ab1: adjustabie device £or altering Sdlc ~ath~. I 

' __J 

I 

I 

...... -

-· _ ..... -
9. An electric cipherin~ device coapr1s1ng a pair or 

spaced ,1atos, a set of elect1ic lam~s carried by the lofter 

plate, ~ ~ou~le throt s~ltch carried bl said lo~er >late 1mmed ~atcly adJacen~ each at said lu~ps, and 4ll operator t~eretor, 

er.cl .. s •1 tch co2pris1ng a ,i)air or &paced !ixed cont'1cts and a 

movable cor:t1ct: operable thcrc'betl•ee1.1., one or sai~ ti7ec! c .. mtacts 

be1nt,. eloctr!.cc.lly conr ected '1th its lc&m::;>1 the lilOVd.blr contact 

tcin& norm~:ly bi~sr~ u ... to contact ~1th sai~ on~ rixed contact, 

a conductor coru.ect!llg all or th~ oth~r r~v.ed contacts. tlilother 

c~n~ucto~ corwect1n& the Jther ter..ll.nal or sate lam~E, tho upper 

plate having a ""A1I"doT in reg"..strj w1 tli. each of ~a1d 1.llnps, each 

w1r-toT bearing a char~ctcr 1n~1ca~or, Sd!~ ~pp~r ;l~to ~lso 

ht..vint, e PtLSSage &.dJ1:1.cent e&.cr 'f.1:1dol rcce _ving thE' sw.1. tch operd.-

tor, and a Tir1r4 •:qtec )rov~dln£ Vdr!&blc elrctr~ca! pdths 

tnrou,h each lan:..> controlleC:. by a f:Wl tch d.~soci.ated ~.1 tli cLilothf'r 

lu.p. 

10. 1tr1. electric cipherint dev~ce c~uDrising a ~air o~ 

spaced ... 1.l.:ites, a set of el.ect1 ic lam;s carried by tbo lo.-er 

pleste, It. double tbrott swi'tch carrLed by sal.d lo er plate immec._at~l· adj cent each or sa.1d J.dJ&ps d.lld .an o;>&rator there!rJr, 

8dCh Sl'itcb co.m._pris1rtg a pair o.t s~a.ced. tu:ed C'-'lltu.cts and d 

movable cont~ct. operalJle t.1.i.e1ebetyrec-n, one or said fixed contacts 

bein4. electrlcall) connected ~ith ~ts lam~, the movdbl~ contact 

belll6 norm.all) o1aseci J.nto co1.a.t.e1.ct ~1 't1, saia one fixea C'>ntact, 

a conductor connectu:ag all o1 the otner f lxed cont"cts, 1mothor 

conducto1 coru&ectinl. the othe~ termin~l or sain !1L1Dps, the uppPr 

pl4te ha.Vin~ & ~inGo" in registr~ with edch or said l.iapb, each 

winaow be11.r!ng a clwracter inaic&tor, sa1d UP.?-r .>l.:ate also l1av-

• 

in& d )assage odjacent each w1~do~ 1eceiv1ni the •~itch operator, 

and a wirin~ system provid1n& an electrical path through each 

lam, operable by the switch of ..nother lamp an.a lnclurling variably adjustable devices for alter!n~ said p~ths. 
.. -

11. llJl electric c1p~ertng device comprisint a pair or 

spaced plates, a set ot electric iamv sockets carried by the 

lo~er p1ate1 a double th~o~ switch carried by said lo~er plate 

imm.e~iat~ly &dj~cent each or 'aid socket.Land.._an operator therefor 

each s~ltch coa?rislng a pair of spaced f1xel contkcts and a movable cvntact operable t·erebet\een, one o~ said !1xea contacts 

be1ng elect~tcally connected ~lth its s~cket, the aovable contact 

Dc~g norI:lc:\lly biased 1nto con~act with satd one rixed contact, 

s eon.!uc~or cor..nect1ng all of the 'Jth<'r !lxed .mJT..tactCJ, nnother 

c>nduetor conr:.ectint the other terninul of sgid .iock't~, 'means -- == - -

Connecting a 9~UrC~ Of C~rrent to S~!C Clnductor, the U)~er 

ol4te navin.g: a ~1rdo 1 1n regtstry Ttth each o! saia soc~ets, each 

\ .!.nr1 0,. boo.ring a char1:1.cter 1rC:.1cator, eoc1,id U':J 1lf"J- plat& also 

hc1.vin.; a Jassat,e c-dJ tcent ec1.ch ' tr.do• rece ... v~ .. ng tl'e :n.~1 tch oper1s~or, said lot.er pl..te also car.1.!'1n1.o on 1 ~s lo-.- er face a .tixed 

contd.ct ;late havtn& at:. &.rin.llc.'" ser!.c ~ of coz1tacts thP same in 

number as the number or cha~~cters, CJn~~cto~s c~nnect.Lng said 

C.OI.Lt&.c1.s •cith the ,ovable s·itch ele.ue1 ... :.s, .i rotatable return 

co~mutator ~he~l having the sci.Se numbJr of car.tacts c~nnected 

in Jdirs, and one or more rotatable clphpr co~e •heels interposed 

bet"een baid e~ntact ~late and said return commutator ~heel. 

~ 

;::;o. 

--:.1 

... -

.... ~------------.:_ __ .. ..._ ____________ ......:=---=::.:=="*"~·!•!:!~*'~** II -f ~tliil£I· 111111111 
--- e 

-

12. An electric clpheril•Gi aevice ~r1s1ntt a 

ltt or electrtcall) oper&ble charcicter 1n<i~~9ra •erving 

both as moa•&if. ch1.&ractcrs ldld as c1,her l)'~bols, a &TtLtch 

assoc.1ated T'itb each indicator, u.n~ k 'ff1r1~ ays":-em. tor 

s1da 1nd1oe1 tors ano a,.! tcheo providint ar1 eJ.cctr.!.c:il path 

tor each 1nc.1cator 1'-hich 111.lso 1r.lcludea tlie &n1tch associuttd 

with anoth~ r 1ndica.to1 t.horob;t tl1P t,,,o 1h<l1caturs thus associated h11ve ts cbarl4ctcr &11d clpher !'elati.Q.nl!\io anc the 

operat;tora or the a"1:tct& or one opera.tea tht otl.e1• indicator, 

the said "i:tinf, &)'btem !ntluding a 1'-'ir or &iJaced bars and 

a slid-bl) remov•ble com~utator bar Cispo~ed bet\een •~id 

spaced be1.rs, the aejacent race• of seic biirs. e21.ch •,a&ving a 

aet o.! c. Jnta.cts ~c:>rrf'&)ondine; tr numbc•r to the ind1caturs. 

-

-

I 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF1 I have signed my name to the foregoing 

apec1f'.cat1on. 

tIDTRICT ~ ot 

COLUlfBIA ••: 

WILLI.AK F. rHIEt~J, the ~bove ncimed ~eitioner, being 

duly sworn, <.te.iJuSea u.ml aays tl' .. ut ne ia a cl ti.zen ot the United 

States, 11nd d ro~ldeLt or Washiugton, ln the t1str1ct ot Colugbik, 

th~t ne verily believes b.J.a..belt t~ be the tlrs~. or~glnal, and 

Sole inv&ntor of the l~~rOVCMents in 

ELECTkIC CFYPTOG3APB!C IEVICE 

described and cl~1med in the Clllnexe~ s~cc1r~cntion, that he does 

not .aww and aoes 11ot believe that the &..me 1•as ever mowzi or 

uaed betore h!b invt..n t.i~n 01~ dlscvv'l',,r~ 1. .. cn eo!", "'r ;a ten~ed or 

descr~bed in e.ny ~tinted ~uLl1cnt1on 1n J.DY countr7 be~~re his 

tnv~nt.ion or c...iSCJVtiry thereat, or .:aorc thcan tVvo .1ed.rs ..,JI !or to 

this .a.p;>l1c.a.ti\J111 or l.n ubl1c use or ..:>n .JaLltt 111 the Unt'ted btates 

tor more than t\o years ~rior to this a;p-1cation, tb.ct.t aain invention has not been .JJ.tent.ed .a.Ii an) cuuntry foreign 'Lo tho United 

Stdtes on an appl1c-t1oA !ilea by him ~r .&11& le&al re~resentative• 

or ••ai~ns more th.au t~elve Montns ~rior to ~bis ap~llc~tion, AUC 

tr: at no application tor i)ati:tnt '1n said. 1m.,rove1ei.ents bas been tiled 

b~ him or his repres~ntat_v&s Jr assigns 1n &n! c~..mtr~ toreign to 

the Unitea btates. . 

Bubsc1ibed and a•orn to 

betore me this da7 

ot 1 1937. 

Rotary Public. 

- RECEIVE.DIN 

PATFNT DEPT· 

oc'T 1 ~ lSJl 

THE tODD CO • ~ ~ 

1 per---

-

\ -
REF ID:A70340 

I H.iCii '-KD P.Ai<i'-ii 

PATENT LAWYER 

EARLE •UILDING 

WASHINGTON D C 

~#-~~~~~~~~~~~ 

,,2~ 

Wz,ZZz-amF ..Pr~edPUZn> 

Jr? P~ 
711 

REF ID:A70340 

I RILll \.RO 1•\.Ri"'i 

PATENT LAWYER 

EARLE •UILDINO 

WASHINGTON D C 

//) 

18 

pa- J1wcwl"ot. 

~~~z.am..E.firnieanzan, 

~ 

~JR p Wvu<J ?I 

~J 7o 

Jtt,,. """J 
REF ID:A70340 I RICllAHll PAH!S 

PATENT LAWYER 

EARLE BUILDING 

WASHINGTON D C 

/§-3- pg_4_ 

~~ //) ,2;? 0 0 

0~20 18 

.-Jt?~ 

,Z,Z 

~ o ' I\ 

',,?8 

0 -_26 ~b# 00 

J1wc-nt01:-

Wi-ZZ U.Zm.Z!17eeanza~ 

~JR PLDlM 

•-- - ------ - -- - -- J 
IN REPLY 

REFER TO 

ocsigc-070 • REF ID:A70~0 

• 

WAR DEPARTMENT 

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER 

WASHINGTON 

Hr. Friedman, 

War Plans and Tra.J..ning Division. 

10. 

June 16, 1936. 

1. In ana\1er to your verbal request, you are informed that 

there is no obJect1on to the sale of your rights under tne patent 

application for "Stylus-operated Keyboerd for a small portf:..ble 

CrYPtosraphn or disclosure of the principles set forth in that 

pe.t ent application. 

BY Oraer of the Chief 

Ro r B. Colton, 

Lieut. col., s1611al corps. 
.. 

II 

~- .._ --- -----,.. 

T ~F .... Y!_:A70340 ... 

~ ~ "11 () Q ""' s I~ J)G -LI.f 

SIGNAL CORPS PATENT BOARD 

,. MEETING NO. 3 Mey 26, 1936. 

1. !:.• The Board met at 2 P M this date, in room 3435, Munitions 

Building, Present. All members. 

:Q.. Mr. W. F. Friedman «as called as a witness. 

2. The purpose of this meeting was to take action and ma~e 

recommendations wit~ reference to the following inventions of Mr. 

W. F. Friedman. 

!:. Indicating Device - Invented March 20, 1936. 

:Q_. Improvement in Converter type M-134-Tl - Invented March 11, 1936. 

£.• Stylus-operated Keyboard for a small Portable 

Cryptograph - Invented August 1, 1935. 

3. !:.• The Board finds that the Indicating Device described in a 

drawing and attached pa.per, dated March 20, 1936, has no value to 

the Government. 

:Q.. The Board recommends that the invention covering the Indicating 

Device be returned to Mr. Friedman with a statement to the effect that 

such device has no military value, and that there is no objection to his 

applying for letters patent on this device, if such application is prosecuted 

without expense to the Government. 

4 • .!.• The Board finds that tne Improvement in Converter '4-134-T-l 

as described in memorandum of April 29, 1936, is of value to the GoverI1J11ent. 

£. (1) The Board recommends that Mr. Friedman be instructed 

-to submit specifications to the Patent Section for the necessary action 

with a view to obtaining letters patent under the provision of Section 4886 

of the Revised Statutes. 

(2) The Board recommends that the invention be not considered 

important in the National Defense, and th,t a non-exclusive license to the 

Government, in writing, be required. 

i. I 

--

l - .... 

.~ ... 

- --1 
REF ID:A70340 

• 

5. ~· The Board finds that the "Stylus-operated Keyboard for 

mall Portable Cryptograph" as described on photost2.t1c copy of 

wing dated ~uguqt 1, 1935, and attache<l._description of Device 

dated April 21, 1935, is of value to the Government 

£. The Board recommends that. 

(l) Mr. Friedman be instructed t~ submit specifications 

to the Patent Section for the necessary action, WJ..th a view 

to obtaining letters patent under the provisions of Section 4886 

of the Revised Statutes. 

(2) The invention be not considered important in the 

National Defense, and thut a non-exclusive license to the 

Government, in writing, be reql.l1red. 

Roger B. Colton, 

Lieut. Col., Signal Corps, 

President. 

W. S. Rumbough, 

MaJor, Signal Corps, 

Member. 

APPROVED. 

George I. Back, 

Captain, Signal Corps, 

Member. 

Walter C. Ellis, 

MaJor, Signal Corps, 

Recorder. 

J. B. Allison, 

M:aJOr General, 

Chief Signal Officer of the Army. 

2 

S 5» I AZ& CS ALP ;- ...... 
REF ID:A70340 

tpril 22, 1936 

ltesearch & Development Dlviaion 

( ... lli-Ui War Plan .. & Tr&ining Di'f'ision) 

There is at.ta.abed hereto a drawing and explanation ot 

an invt::ntivn or a et7lus-operat~d i:E"17board for • saall portable 

C?'),.rtoeraph. It is desired to obtti.in a patent on this invention. 

lilli.as F. 1'r1ed:san • 

.lti.ached1 

D.rawini: an~ desor!ptlon. 

COPY FOR MR. FRIEDMAN 

-
Cb~Eln!lfl,=i't.JP34o l'U IULPi I li'\L 

Invention of a Stylus-operated Keyboard for a 

Small Portable Cryptograph 

1. The keyboard of this cryptograph consists of a plate having 

26 small NJ.ndows underneath which are small lamps. The windows are 

arranged in three rows and on them are painted the letters of the 

alphabet, distributed as on a standard typewriter keyboard. Alongside each window is an aperature through which a non-conducting 

I 

stylus may be inserted to operate a contact lever below. 

2. The circuits are reciprocal and one pair of such circuits 

is shown in operative association in the accompanying Figure 1, viz., 

the circuits for the A = Q, Q = A relationship. This is accomplished 

by means of the usual 11return" commutator (as per Enigma system). 

J. The drawing shows a set of three cipher commutators, two of 

which are of the ordinary "through11 type, one of the "return" type, 

but additional conmiutators of the "through" type may be employed. 

11Throughn commutators are all interchangeable. 

4. Means are provided for advancing the commutators for cryptographic 

variation, either a meterlike, or aperiodic movement being available 

according to schemes not forming a part of this invention. Probably a 

hand-operated power source for angularly displacing the commutators 

would be practicable in such a device, the particular selection being 

determined by cams, tapes, or the like. 

Attached: 

Fig. 1 
.--

REF ID:A70340 

CONFIDENTIAL 

Invention of a Stylus-operated lcyboard for-.:- - ~l,J. Portable Cryptosra~b 

l. The keyboard or this cr,yptogra~h consists of a plate having 

26 small windows underneath which are sm'311 la•pe. The windows a.re 

arranged i~ three rows and on the~ are painted the letters of the 

&lphabet, distributed as on a et8ndard t7pcwriter keyboard. !long-

•~de e~ch window is an aperature throllf:h which a non-conducting 

stylua mny be inserted to op~rate a contact lever bolon. 

2. The circuits are reci?rocal and one pa.ir or such oircuits 

is shown ln operative aesociation in the accompanying Figure 1, viz., 

; , the eircu~ts tor the A • Q, Q • A relationship. Thia is aecompliebed 

by aeane of the:! uS\181 "return• commutator (as per Wgma syste:n). 

3. The drs:wing shows a aet of thre..-:: cipher commitators, two or 

' which are of the ordinary nthrough• type, one of the nreturn" type, 

but additional com.""'IUtatora or the "through'" type may be e12;loyed. 

1'Through" com!11Utators are all interchangeable. 

~ .... 

4. Keane are provided £or advancine the com:nutatora for cryptogra;hic 

Ysriation, either a meterlike, or aperiodic moTement being available 

according to schemes not foraing a p&rt of this invention. Probably a 

hand-operated power sourco for angularly dis?lacing the commutators 

would be practicable in ~uch & device) the particular •el~ction being 

deterll.ined by cams, tape~, or the like. 

ittacheda 

fig. 1 

~ 

~-

-= 

-~ 

~ 

~ ,,, ~4 

-=o;;; 
CONFIDENTIAL 

@®®(!)®@CD@® ~~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

®®®®®®0®© 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

®@©0®®® 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

"""'ro1.1•h" 

~ 

~o-n..­ 'wiv+~;7,T"~ i"'ter- e.ho.~e&.b)'e 

CONFIDENTIAL 
REF ID:A70340 
,, 

\ ' 

-

REF ID:A70340 
I 

REF ID:A70340 ~-~ 

.._,a_ 

®® © ®®' 

(S) 0 Q 

© ®® 

co Q 0 

C0 8 0 

0 0 0 

@ ®© 

0 0 0 

0 B 0 

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