REF ID:A39541 

• , . 

J ,,. .__ I ,r• I 

' ··, .1 ) r 

pl•'• reTol~tlon of eaid ro,or conatitv.\1ng a a1pherlng o,ale -.ad 

Moh aald o1pbe:rt.12g 0701• oOl'T••pond.lng to the tt. durlog which a 

po••n\tal alpherlng po1l\ioa• \o beccae the operatlTe olphllrlng 

1011•1oza wlthih a o1pher1:ag 070\e. 

tor ftl71mc \he coimea\lon• lMttnen the obaract•l" et1me11\1 and the 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 09-30-2013 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 
REF ID:A39541 

a\ a at.form angular .. 1ocu1 \bro111h all Rid po1Ulo11•, ••oh oample'• 

reYolu,lou •f aa1d rotor con1'1'•t1mg a olpherlrc 07al• and each .. ld 

olpberiug 0701• aorreapoD4lDC \o 'he ,,,_ 4ur1ic wbiob. a 'Ira)' of t.h• 

DJ'boud 1• 4eprea11a.; MUS for Hl•ot11:rg om ot aald potential 

ot.pherlzg 901Ulo11• \o become 'he opera,lag oipmrlll(!' poaUio11 et.'11tn 

a oipberlDC 07011 &114 ..... for 'fal'fillC t.be ••1•o\1on wl\h 1\10aeaal•• 

of lhe a11 ot tb.e ke7N&r4. 

a. la a ornt0£l"aph, a lmJboa'l'd eomprtet111 a .. , of ebarac,•r 

ma"Mr wl\h t.he m•iber of ebe.raoter •lemnte; •au for ea\ab111hii:c 

u4 lbe elpal.lnc elemen\•, tali MaU ooui1ts.ng of a ••t. ot in1ulat•4 

conil;QO\ora within a cipher rO\Ol" wblah baa a ll'Gl.'lpltoity of po,ent.ial 

oi.pbel't.:ag po11Uone; ..... tor 41'1Y111S Mld l'O\OI' .... DUal 17 and 
REF ID:A39541 

repe'1tinl1 at a mtona •DCUl&r wlooU7 tbl'ouch all eat4 olpher1?JC 

poet\ioDI; each Ooa;ll•\• reToll8ion of 1a14 r•\or ooDa\t,utlng a 

olpbel'S.1te c70le am eaob Rl4 alphel'iJJC 0701• eorr•1pominr \o the 

tl• a a, of \ha Jm71aGU'Cl l• depr••••dl _.si, tor •lecH.sc one or 

.. u. po\em.Ual ctpmrtsc poai\lon• \o beaOllMI the opera\l•• olpber111g 

poat\lOD wltihlD & Ol,berla« 070\et Mld MUI OOlllPJ"llirtg & dletrilnlter 

an4 • lruh re•olYlDC alaou\ \he faoe of ut4 dl•'rtln1'or 9711Gbronau.aly 

M.tte171 ald rel.,- 'Mlmc oontrotte4 b7 a otrcui\ tn 11'h1Cb are placed 

'ran•lat.or. Mid \ranalator 'being eontroll•d lt7 a .. , of aa wbl•l•l 

•l•iuenta& a olpber ro\or for eatabltablug a aul•lpttol\y of ao1mectlona 
REF ID:A39541 

clri"f!ng aal4 rotor ••qu.atlallT aD4 repe\1\lve\y \hrour.;h tbe entire 

a 411\riltu\or \be face of which 11 41Y14ed up lmo \nsu1"-t•:1 1~nt1 

a lal'Wlh .. M.Pil1f; taic\ eegments 11DOhroDOUaly witb the 1'0tor; ' OUl whHl 

mechan11ui tor es\a'b\1sh1~ a cipber ke:r; a \!'llln1lator mechan1u for 

combining tbe etfeeta of ail.ii C'l:a. •hl•l mech&nism; a 1Wltohbov" tor 

ohllraater alezen\a; !lid a relq cont:rolled. bJ \be ou wbeel lll9Chui• 

f<Jr \he purpose of oonuotiJtC •hi bt1board t.o 11au.er7 a\ a ••1•ote4 

in8'a11\ w1 thin the opel"ati11g crcte. 
REF ID:A39541 

• olphv rotor for ••$&bl111hlQR" and amomll.tlcally, r)Q'thDlcaH7 1 am 

u4 \be algali~ element•, IDIUa for ••1.•c\1121 011e or a aet of 1&l4 

conmc\lona durimg the \1• a DJ ot \hll kly'boar4 is 4apreaeed.; ana. 

Mau for Ya171~ \he u\eoUon w\th ••~•••lw depr•••ions of the kef• 

of the ke1Doai-4. 

c1~h•r .k.eJ aeq\18rM:e conai•ti»g of permutations of a plaral-'Wltt oo4e 

Md uana tor \ranala\1rc \.lle penna.ta\io.DS Ht llP la uid ood.• b7 u14 

aam--..1 •cl:lui• lntci a li1J1Ued nmiber ot •lD«l•·unU Jreylllg 

oh&raot.•I"•· 

cipber ke7 Mqwnsae co11a1et.1JW of permutattou ot a plval-un\t cod.1; 

charac\er1; •114 a 1wUob.board tor reducing •ld n,.iw: chu'o'•r• to 

a ••ller 11mlNtr. 
REF ID:A39541 

n1 eequence compoted ot •l:ng\e-1Ulit keyl!J#.'. ohancters, 1ald means con1latit1C of a 0&m-1rheel mecbal211111 coAtro111ZJ« the permutalion bare ot a 

trl'Ulslator, a set or cont~cta controlled by" the ttun' bars of laid 

'nn•la,or; u4 a 4latr1lnitor th• ~ii'• of whioh are oonnecte4 \o 

aaid con,acta. 

oousi1t11U1: or a CRm-wbeet ID'loh~nitlll'I tor oontrottt~ the permutation 

W• of a \rualat.or; a set of contact• 0011\rolled 'b1 the •'•' 

bar• o! •id tr11.nala\or; u4 a dt.ttl'i'butor the aegraente of which are 

m1nber ot etfeets obtstiiabl• from the •ranslator to the mm&ber ot 

aegment• on thtl 41.atrltm.tor. 

'htt permuta\lon bars of a tJ'utlatori a ••' of comaott 'control led 'b7 
REF ID:A39541 

which are cc. antei •o 1ali con\uts t'!lrough a nlt.chboa'!'d ~t"" 'o 

ni11C1e the n111. iJ1r of etfeo'• o'btialmbl• °hGIJI the tran•lator lo the 

\Matwern t.he oon•aot• of 'be \nula\or aDLt 'be· eegi11n\1 of \he 4l1\:rl'9w. 

11.. I11 a crnlDll'aph, a 'k87'board ooa~rill- a aet at cbarrcter 

11 ... n\a; a aorre1poll4lrt« eet of eigDatinr e\ement•: ~ 1et ot ro,~t~ltl• 

olpberinr, poatt:lon•. •M~ com,ptet;e rnolalo11 ot eat\\ •~l•a,.,I\ rotor or 

oorreapond.1124 to tile \111119 dvlw, which a 'DJ of 'h• JrA;rbovcl le clepre1M4; 

a1111 _.. for •l•etlltC om of •14 pnemlal olpherlag poel\lou to 'blO-

•• op•atlw ol.Plm'l• po•l•t.n 1n a14 olph91'1ng o;role. 

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REF ID:A39541 

e1 .. a\a; a oorreapomlug sat cf algm.U.zg e1emeDta; a 1et ot rc.tatabl.e 

mult1pl1a1tr ot poten\tal alpheri111.; poaittonsi 1118&1iB for aetectillil: cme 

or mare ot •id cOllllllU\a.tora •o become rotors to be d.riwn aequer.tiR.l 17 

r.ad. rapatiti .. ly at a UJ1lfonn BJllPl].ar veloclt7 tbr00«h all Gf their 

pote11tla\ ct9hertsir. poe1t1aa, each compte\e revolution of aald aelea'.t 

rotor or rotGl"a conat1tu.tl:ar a oip~r~ c~l• alll. each 1aid c1pnar1zw: 

qol• correaooni1»c \O 'be tllne durlmc wntch a key ot the kerbCHl.rd l9 

depreaaed; ••• tor aetec&1zag ~ne of es.id po\enUal c1pher1ZJg ~oettiona 

to beaane tlhe cr~erat'ln ctpher1%1f'!' po1Uior. in 1atd. ctphel1.~ crcle; aDll 

.. au1 tor va.r,Y1J1g the aelectlo~ of aaid gotentiat clgherine ~~uit1cn 

wS.\b 1uoce1aive c1gherimg CJClea. 

atelil8nt• am a correapondinr. set of contaotia 1•1aoci'!tei!. therewith; an 

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REF ID:A39541 

and aequantiall.7 ••'•blilhl»« a 11Ult1p11o1t1 of aet• of 4lfteren\ path• 

tor \be paa1age ot eleo\rlo cenn\a :trcxo \be ood•ot1 ot the 'DJ'boar4 •o 

\he •ignaUZJt; element• of th• 1Ddtaat111g meobaDi.•; meant tor ... atar117 

om ot \be ke7• of \ha 'DJ'bDU'd "111 now alon« o~ of 'he path1 in Mid 

Hl•o'•d Mt of path• •o ou of $he 1lgnaltng •l ... Dt• ot \119 1Dd1aa\li:ig 

•chant.•; am meau for w.171zrc 1ai'1 momantarJ Hlect.ton of a Ht or 

.. t.d path• with e'\IOOelalT• depreaaS.on• of 'be 01• ot \he ke7boal'd.. 

14. In a crnt.craph, a ke7boar4 OOBJ1ri1t:ag a ••t ot oharaeter 

•l-nt1 aD'1 • a01're•90lldizrg Ht of aoniact• .. aootate i wUh the ch¬er 

e1.ement1i an llldioatlmg •obanla a1•001a.te4 1flth .-id keyboard aD4 com-

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REF ID:A39541 

conduotort 'betwaen nid lmflto1:r4 and •id la!loaH13t. Mohanlna; mean• 

tor ••lec\lJ!C one of .. id ••'• ot conductors ~114 ••tabll•hi~ operati•• 

eleatrioal oonma\1ons 'be,ween the contao'• or •ald ~.rerboard an!\. the 

eaid ••leotlon 1rr~arty ~IXl 111\h •uoce1alY• det>re11ion1 ot \he 'ke1'• 

a oorre1polldtzrc ••t of a1gma1l!lg elMenta in a potentta117 operati•• 

commuator tor Tar,1~ tbe aozmectlom bet .. en t.be lal7board element• 

cone\ant tp .. 4, each complete revolution of the rotor OCIDpl'"i•i.nr. ona 

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REF ID:A39541 

upon operrt.t1on of the 1'".eJ'bOSll'd; a set of contact leTera and aesoolJ.lt\94 

contact a control tad 'by the CNJ-wbeel. mechanism; a tranalator mechaniam. 

aontrollei!. by the cam-wheel mohan19Lll tor oomblnttll;' the etfecta of the 

or a1pber-lat7i2lll: circuits; a awitchboard tor reducillf','. the pluralit7 ot 

a1phel"•lm11rc cirouita to a Jmllbett ot c1rculta corre1pond1.J!f!: with the 

plural1t7 of inaul.e.te4 eegmantis corre•poniing S..n n'aber with the nmber 

of char~cter element• of the ke7board a~ conr.eoted tc om aid• ot t.he 

of the d.ietributor, the br'uah ftt'ID. 'belmg Jm:yed to the eama shaft on which 

wuh on \he distributor face ro\ate qucbronously; and a rel!Q' oo:utrot\ed 

by 1aid di•tri'butor tor connecthr. t.he keybcv4 to a power aource for a 

epeciflc ihllt.Nlt ln the operat.111& qc le. said tn1\ant lleln« daterm1nacl br 

tbe clpber-lat7 comb1oatlon eatabttsbed 'b7 the a......tlee1 meohanlam. 

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REF ID:A39541 

element• wit.a aaaoola,ad 0011,ac\1; an i:od1ca~1:iig mechar.iam a111ociate•i 

with the kB1uoard &Di cauprlaiug a corre•poudin,: ae\ of •ig--J&lir.ig 

elemen''' ma&119 for co:nneo1i1ig ihe aontactu •1th the sig11&liL1g elemeata 

mal~ipliait7 of Wlt.J'•• .. id meant co~~ri1i11g a aet of oipherirv; rotora 

wnic:.1. are iaterpoaed bat•••n two fixet statcn and w!1ich has a .rnu.lttpUoi\f 

said rotora b•il.1£ mounted ~014. a •naf\: •irtlll for rotat1r.e; une or mora of 

i11g the a011111on termir.ial of t.b.e contac\s of th• ketbciard. tc • aouroe ot 

eleotrio poten\tal ·~•~ 1aii .. ieoted rotors of the aet ot rotor• hATe 

reao.Ded a ••lected ciphertm« poaition, thu• oau•lJJ« the •elec~ed ciphering 

me&llA for n.171»&" the Hleot.1(>11 of the 4r1••n rotors and or their opera.ti•• 

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REF ID:A39541 

• 

•e.Jla tor oonucUJ]#t' the ke7ba&rd t.o 'M\t•J'T for 'he "'!Jlll"l>Ote ~f 

••'•bll1bll!f' opera,1•• electrlcal coDDeation be\ween the ke7lto-i.rd 

am ,. at.~lh~ element•, taid meana bet~ actuated only d~bll!' a 

apeclflo t.tme-tn\enal wlthtn e Ht ot eqv.1 U.me-tntenale ir.to wb1ch 

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