REF rn4l11e11 

N°12 005 . ' A.D.1909 

Date of Application, 21st May, 1909 

Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1909-Accepted, 19th May, 1910 

Apparatus for Forming and Transforming Cipher Messages for Telegraphic and other purposes. 

We, U1c11Aan Tuoius N1cHOLSOX, of "Tho llount ". Loughton, in thf' ('ounty 

of Essex, llanuger, and HARRY "'11.i.u1o1 llwn.ui:, of UIPn J,yn, ~u11tl1•rsfratl, 

in the l'ountv of 8urn>y, Assistant )lanugf'r, do 11Pr1•l)\· uec:lare th1• uuhm~ of 

this inventioi1 tu be as follows:-- • 

This im·entiun 1·efates to the construdion of cipher messagrs for tl•lrgmphic 

and othe1· pu1·poses by the sender antl the iif'l'i11hering of th1•111 hy tlu• r1•1·1•n·er, 

aad has for its objec."t the }lrovision of' weans wlll'reliy sul'h c·un bt> 1·ani1•1l out 

in a aiwple munne1·, the sa1~l means being rompact in form u111l easy and uf low 

coit to manufal'ture; further whereby a reu1hl~· niriahle privah• nucl SPl'ret 

10 eyatena 1·an he 1·arried out in coding anJ ile-l'lllling messuges uuil aho the ~can be consolidated and the cost reiluretl. It is 1·ustu111111·y in 1·ocle liooks 

to '"'~ words up to IO letters aml eaeh <'OilP-woril lms a corrt>spm11li11g uumher 

'llMllll;r of 5 figures. 'Ve will take sm·h 1·m11litio11s in 1ll's1·rihi11g 0111· i11n·11tion 

h7 W&f of example but it must be m11h•1·stou<I that it is not 1·t•stl'il'l1•il tu sm·b 

15 condit1ons. ' 

To carry our inver.tion into effed, w1• anangr a sPrit•s of :;lidPs. 1·yli11d1•rs, 

bande, wbeels, or other e11uivalent dt•vices, :ulaph•il tu hf' lll'ld b~· a111l adjnst~l 

in pGll:ition in a suitable framt>, in whi1·h two set:> of wi111lows, ol' a111·rtun•s, or 

mdu:ators, are provided. These slides, or other e11uirnll'11t d1•vi1·t•s, an• in 

pain, one of the members of a pair l'anying th~ vowt•ls whi1·h ultimatPlv t•nter 

Into the composition of the code word to be !Pll'gr:iphed, nnil the othl'I' Lt•aring 

~ the coll80nants which ultimately enter into tl11• word to hf' telegraphed. 

' .,. . ll ii clear that by the combination of the 1·011su1rnnts in the alphabet with the 

· ',,i;b;.~~ in the. a~phabet, a suffirient. number of prononm·l'nble, hi-litt>ral l'OJD-

'";;'l/li ~. con11111hng of one eonsonant and our vowel, t·an hi• pro1h11·1•d, to 

ftpn181lt any b·o-figure combination, or to represt>nt a t·ombination 1·onsisti.D.1 of even· more than two figures. i·~ ,., ·. · .Euhlding the "Q" as a consonant and rounting the "Y" as a vowf'l, thne 

.-,,~~!:·· .. are aiaeteen consonants and six vowel11 availahlt>, ·so that tl1e permutation of 

':~.; · ···:·~- .._: aineteen consonants, singly, with tht>se six vowt>ls, singly, ennbll's one 

.· ,r~,.: ·-~ 11nd fourteen.pronounceable bi-literal 11yllahlf'11 to he prmluC"r1l, when _,_ _ .· .,. . _.. . ....,..nts stands m the first place and th<> vowel in tbr sel'on1l. Further, 

~:~::.,j·~i~,ji:''' It ia ·elnious that by transposing the vowel and the consonant, a furtht>r range 

7/·:;t•: · .•. ;of -~eable combinations is produceable. · -~(·;:.:.. .,. We~ upon the aforesaid slides, rylinders, wlu•el11, or barnls, the 1·liaral'ters 

~"'.!,...._ ·of the alpha~t, and we all? pl':'re tit~ dig~ts either ~pon .sud1 slides, t'tt·., or ",,.,..ti.:._,,...iri'•c ~ ~b~e, ·dtJ., workmg m con.Jun~·t~on !hPr1•,nth, 1'.1 sm·h ~ ~·ny that -~· w a !!ia'it 11 made to appear at the <11g1t wrntlow, openmg or mdl<'ator, a 

c;!.'·_,_,, ,~ wi~l appear at the l.etter aperture, window or ~mliC"~tor. "'hen th_e c·on-

.. ~F:,'~·t·i!illide, or other equl'va!ent~ ha!' ~een actuated ID this ":ny, by settmg up 

1;_ , ·· '~··. · . • ,~Af!u'e· the vowel ahde ia 11m1larly actuated by settmg up the second 

;f!'., ,. . ............ • 

~li,4~~] . '' . 
' I 

l l 

REF 

A.l>. l!JO!I. MAY :H. N ?. 12,00a. 

e ID:A71811 

~U..:HOl.80N & aoothi!r's CoMPLETE Sl'BClttlUATION. · / SHE1,·r, 

a 

T 

s 

R 

p 

N 

M 

L 

D 

0 

0 

• 

7 

• 

• 

4 

2. 

1 

0 

0 

I 

E 

A 

.Rlg:3. 

I 

IE 

A 

y 

u 

0 

• 

•• 

T 

• 

• 

4 

t 

0 

·2 

I 

rMiilliiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiii .... -iiiiifl,.,a, • t-. - - ... - - ~I I :: :~-- ---4.~------:: I :---··1 ~ II •••••• :: I II ,""""I :: ~-f• 'I ., .. ,,. f 

1 I I :: : I I 0 ; r-1 !9'"'1 

: !I I ;; I J le : I II 1 I I 11 1 1 t 11 I 

1 : I I ;: 

1 

:: : 11 I 

:I I 1: II ti I : 

I 1 I I I I I I 1 I : ~ 1 I I 

' 

,. •' 

' ,• 

' I •' ,1 

,1 

,. ' 

" :· •' 

,, ' 

Flg:2. 

' ,, 

,, 

" ,, 

.. 

,, •' 

•' 1' I 

11 

•• I o 

" '• ' '· :· ' ·' ,,

,, 

,, 

., :1 

I II I 

I II 

,, '• 

., 

'1 I :1 

II 

,, I 11 I 

Mg-:~. 

I 

13 
I'• 

f 

t 

.. 

REF ID :A7181J9 

Nu 12,oo5.-A.1>. mo~. 

- - - -- -

df>t>ar<&t•tS for FO'l'miny aiul 7'rm18furmi11y Uipher Mestiaues. 

The foreaoioH rep~esents a geneml statement of tht> 111t:thoil _ii~ wl1id1 a pronoun<'eable syllable Iii nuulf' to repr<'sent auy two su1·l·t•s,,~\'c d1g1!s ":Jmtso~\·ur. 

We now proceed to desc:ribe more parti1·ularly a :.p1•1·ial applll'ahou of _th1i 

general principle of (•onstrudion whil'h has bl•t>n 1h•11l'l'ilwtl i.n tl1c filrego~ng. 

In the _following tlesl·riptiou, 1·1•ft>rl'111·e is mutlt' only to slil~t•s, but u_ny ec1~1,·11- 5 

lent device may be a1loptc•1l. ]~111·h oi till' compouutl r.IHll'K 1·om11sh1 of two 

parts, one part haviutr ten 1lifferent 1·orn«111nnts anangetl one under the other, 

and then the ten digits in a 11imil11r wuy lwlow them, in sul'h u fui1himi tbat 

when on~ otl ~hese digit11 appear11 ut one of tht> wimlowH, apl'rhut>K 01· i111li!·ators, 

as the shde ~s ~o,·ed, a c·o1·1·espm11l ing 1·01111onunt appears ut t~tt• ot lll'r w1111lo~·, 10 

aperture or md1cator. 'l'he other Jlllrt of tlu• <·ompm1111l Hi11ll' has u c·l'l"tam, 

number of vowels, 11ny fi-towurtls 1111 right-lm111l eclgP, and townrtl thf' lt>fthand edge, say 4 vowels, the six on thP one sidf' mul the four on tht> other 

ma)ung up the ten requiri>d to rt>prP11Pnt thl' tl'n digit11. 'l'11l'st• \'OWl'ls are 

arrantf!id one under tlu•. otht>I', lmt tlw 1·olumn is lm_ikt•n wlwrl' it 1·h.a11gt•s from 15 

o~e. side to the otber of the 1'\ni1l part. Jlpm•11t h tl11s 1·ohmm on tl11s lml't '. t~·n 

digits are ~rran$ecl a11 a c·olmun, i1~ 11t!1·h n wa~· that wlll'n. onl' of t l<' 1hg1t11 

appears at its wmdow, aperhll'P or uuheutor, the c·orrt'spoiuhng \'owel appPurH 

at it. window, aperture or intli<'ator. 'l'hl' part ha,·ing thl' ten 1·ons1~11anh1 and 

ten digit. all in one t•olmnn, is dispoHPcl on tht• other part 1111 thnt 1t11 rolumn 20 

ia disJ¥ between the two brokt>n parts of tilt' mhn!m of tlu•. otln•r part ... In this way, when any two clig1ts nrl' brought m 11u<·<·es111011 to the d1g1t 

window, arrture or imii1·11tor, there nppt>ari1 at thP li>ttl'r window, aperture or mdicator, two letter!!, onP of whil'h . iK a ''owel arul till' 

other a ••unt, so that n pronounc·t>ablt>, hi-literal syllalile is thu11 formPtl, 25 

the conlODaDt representing thP first 1ligit of am· requirecl pair of 1ligits, uml ·f the vowel l'ejll!Senting tl1e ~ec·ontl digit of inwll' lmir. .\t thr letter wi111low. 

apertuftl or mdicator, the vowel will, lmwPwr, appear to the left or right of 

th coDSODUat, according as the vowel i11 tlerin•cl from the right-hand 11erie11 of 

vowels or tile left-han'l series of vowels on tl1e \'owel 11li1lt> 1lP11t·ribetl in the 30 

foregoing. If now five 1·ompoun,1 slides are arraugN.l in the frame in si>ries, a 

prt!DOuDceable word of ten letters, or five bi-literal s~·l!nl1ll's 1·an be <·onstructed, 

;-.~ '~,,:": ~ a numerical equivalent of, say, te-n 1\igit11. It is obvious tlmt tlu~ numhl'r 

" •""' ''· · GI difrita, hOW9T81', can be extended be,•oml these, ina11mueh a11 by inc·rpa11ing 

·: · ~/ , . tbe number of the consonants on· the c·onsommt 11litll', a 1·onK0111111t can hl' m1e1l 35 

: '·,~ · •' toi:!icate a number higher than the numher of any singlP tligit. Similarly. 

• ·,~~;:~?·· , it ·obvioua that by exten,ling the vowel 11erii>s, a numhl'r highl'r than that 

,'fl,+ ,;; ,:- 1 npr ..... W ~ any single ,}igit <'an be representPCl. For tl1e t>"rpo11e of tl1i11 . 'It·~ .. ~•-;,, .... : tlleriptioa, however, it is suffic•ient to assuml' that no combination of numbPrH 

'~of more than ten digits (that is to sny, two numbl'rs of fil'e digits 40 ..... ) ia nquind to be represented. 

. "'9 IB8'W ef using our invention i11 a11 follows : -

1

1

• .A oode w..t ia looked up in tl1e colle-book, reprl'senting n ePrtain sentenee 

·.-or• rrr,~ .. its numerical reference of, say, fi,·e filll1res, is 11Pt up or rl'prod...a • tlae ipparatus, by moving the eornpouncl slicles in sU<'<'ession, until 45 ~ , tile lldaal a11111'ber appears at the figure winclow, aperturt> or indicator. A 

~ :~~. ·- liDDlul m~ or '!'~ril is then lookPcl up. anti it11 numi>rirnl referl'nre in turn 

: " .... ~· ap- Oii tlae rema1n1ng slides, at tbt> figure winclows, nntl these two mPssages 

':t· ._;,, ".; ... ~ wiH rift a number of ten digits, at the figure winclows, nncl ten letters, '.t" ~ h ~nceable syllabi~. n111l one pr?noum•pablP anti tPlPgraphn.ble 50 

: . __ · ~"'~ .. ~a~ the letter wm,lo~s. In tlus wa~, not only <'nn t~o mes-

··: ....._,tted in one word, but it can be ,Jone without anyone bemg able 

Gr ~ipber it, unless surh person 11as knowledge of the arrange-

.Hde8 alid of the letten ancl figures thereon. On re<'eipt of 11ueh 

\e d.~ed by the converse process to that already des1·rihe,1. 55 

aw it understood that we are not limited in any way as to the •••-1 alid•, or u to the number of letten or digits used on the 

~o 12,00~.--A.l>. 1009. 3 

- -·--Appa:ivdU11/0'I' F;;;;,,ing ~~tl Transformi~g ~iplu" MUB<~JeB. 

&liilt•s, hut wl' find that the 11m~1ber gi~·<•n in t)I!' t•xan~ple gin•s a 1mltkit>11t range 

of pc•rm u ta ho us to 1·0111 ply wl th nnl mar~ 1·0111111l•r1·1a l purp111>l'K. 

In <mh•r that u. rP<·or<l may be kc•pt of tlw adual worcl 1·01111trud1'<1. ~>y the 

tlevil'l'. the lt•ttc•rs on tht• 11lidl'.;, r~·li111li>rs, h1111tls, wlwt•ls 01· othi>r P1pt1\'nli>nt 

• 5 tlP\'i1·1• may hi' fm·mecl as print~nl{ typP a1~il th~· 1lHi1·e c·1rn bt• mmmte~l togetl.'er 

with inking me1ms anti opl't'llh\'t' mel'lum111m m 11u1·h a wuy that 1m nuprt>11111c~11 

of thP w1ml 1·a11 he ma1lf' 011 any suituhlt• 111t>1limu or e<pti\'all'ntly t11P 11_a11l 

slitlPH, <·yliucleri1, bumls or wlwel~ <·an bl' gl'arl'1l to st'p11r11tt' printing J11f'c·l11nn11m 

to pr111h11·<' thl' 111m1e i·esult. 

10 Dntt>tl thi11 :.?ht tiny of llny, l!JO!l. 

l•'ELL & .J .\~IE~. 

1, Qul'Pll \' irtorin. 8trt>Pt, l.A1111lo11, :K< '., 

..:\geuill for thl' Appli1·ant11. 

COMPLJ~TJ<~ 8PE<'U'H'.A1'IO:X. 

15 Apparatus for Forming and Transforming Cipher Xessagea for Telegraphic and other purposes. 

W p Ru·uAB.D TuoM.\S ~ 1c1101.sox, of "The llount ", Lough ton, in the County 

of };s~ex, )lanager, and HARRY \\'11.1.1AM Hmll.\K, of Glen Lyn, Hanclerstetul, 

iu t ht> ( 'ounty of Surrey, .\ssi11ta11t llanuger, cl? hereby 1lec·lnre the naturP of 

20 this inveutiou, aml in what n!annp~· tht> s1u11P is to be J>Prformed, to be partii·ulal'ly 1li>sl"l'ibt'tl anti asrntumi>d 111 aml 11y the followmg 11tatemPnt :-

'J'his inwntion relates to the eoustrm·tion o! <'il'~1er messages for telegraphic 

mul olhl'r purl'oses b~· the 11emlt>_r _and th~ 1lP1·1phi>rmg of them by the re1•e1ver 

au1I hus tor its ohjPt·t the prm·1.,10n '!f nuprovPd. means wher~by such c·an be 

'25 t·m·rit>tl out in a 11imple mannl'r, tht> 11aul means bemg c·o~11pa1·t ~n form _ancl easy 

an1l of low 1·ost to manufadure; further whereby a readily variable private and 

secret system i-an ht> .rarrietl out in cocling ancl tle-<:~ling 1nessages and also t~e 

1·01ling 1·1m bP c·oniiolulatPtl anti thP <·oiit of tPlPgrnplnng ht> tlmii ri>ducecl. It 111 

customarv in l'Odt> hook11 to use word11 up to ten letters and eac·h code word has 

30 ~ corre111;o_ncling n~mher. u11ually of fi\'e figuri>11. \\' ~ will take such <'Ontlition11 

m 1leser1hmg our 1m·enhon by ":nr of exnmplP hut Jt must be uncli>rstoocl that 

it i11 not restrit"tecl to sut'h ronthbomi . 'l'o 1·arry our invention into effed, wP arrange a !!Prie11 of slides, <'ylinders, 

hu111l11, wheel!!, or other equivalent 1le\'ires, ntlnptecl to hP bPlcl by anti acljustl'tl 

35 in lJ011ition in a 11uitablt> framP. in whieh two 11et11 of winclow11, apertures, or 

intlll'ators, are l'rovitlPCL 1'hp11e. sliclt>s,. or othi>r i>quh·al.ent <ley1res, are in 

pairs, one of the memhers of a pair enrrymg t11l' vowel11 whwh ulhrnatelv entl"r 

into the composition of the rocle worcl t.o hi> tPlt>grap}ted, and the other bearing 

thP <'Onsonants whi<"l1 ultimately l"nter into thP worcl to bi> telegraphed. 

40 It is dear that hv the combination of thP c·ons011ants in thl' alphabet with the 

vowels in the alphabet, a suffi,·ieut number of pronounei>ahle, bi-literal cornbination11, <'Onsisting of one C"onsonant ancl onp vowel, <'nn be proclu<'fll, to 

reprP11Pnt any two-figure eombination, or to rt>present a <'ombination <'Onsiating of PVPD more than two figures. 

45 Ex<'lmling the "Q" as a con.sonant and eo.unting the "Y" as ~ vowel, thert> 

arP nin~teen c·onsonants an<l. six vow~ls ava1labl_e, 110 tl1at t~e permutation of 

tbPst' nmeteen consonants, smgly, with t11l'SP six vowels, smgly, enables one 

hundrecl ancl fourteen pronounc·enbl.P bi-liti>rnl syllables to be producetl, when 

the consonant stancl11 in tl1e first place and the vowel in the sl'<'ond. Further, 

50 it is obvious that by transposing the vowel ancl the consonant, a further range 

of pronoun<'eable combinations is produceable. 
; t1 

~ ~ ..... 

li' t. 

\'! 

~· 

~ .. 

~t • 

,·· ·+ 

'

:··: .. 

:"· ~· ·~ ' 

... 

: ~ .. ·-:-

~: , .. 

·1 

ii 

i 

'•' ... ,. ' 

., 

.~ 

t· 

' N° 12,005.-A.D. 1909 • 

.Apparatwjo'I' Forming and Tf'ans/onn.i~ Oipker M~yea:--·-----

We place •pon the aforesa_id. sli~es, cylinders, wheels, or bands, the diul'Ul'ters 

of the alphabet~ '!ind _!llso d1g1ts m such .a way that when a digit is made tu 

appeu a~ the d1g1t window, ~pei:ture 01· mclic·ator, a letter will appear at the 

letter window, a.,rture or md1cator. \\·hen the consonant slide or other 

equivale~t, ~s beim. ac_tuatell in this way, b~· setting up the first ttgm'l', till' 

vow;, shde 1s then S1m1larly actuatt>cl hy Sl'ttmg up tht• Hec·oncl figm·p: or ,.j,.,. Wl'ltl. 

The for910ing re,P~esents a genl'ral stateml•nt of the me.thud .i": which a pron«Nnceable syllabJ.e is made_ tu represent a~1y two H111·1·el!s1ve 1hg1ts wluihml'wr. 

We now pr~eed to desc•1·1b~ more. partu·ulnrly a spc:1·iul uppli1·ution of t!JP 

gene~l pr1nc1ple of c~nstru~hon wlnd1 has been clescr1bPcl in thr foregoing; 

~in ord.er that the mvenhon .may be the bettl'r unclerstootl, we will tlPiil'l'ibe 

it bl .relation to the accompanymg drawing, reference bt.•iug hacl to tht> Ji•ttns 

and fi---s marked thereon. 

.'i 

10 

"'ti>. F" ao-- Y • igure .1 .!.:a•. front view of the device of :8.at form coustruc:te1l in acc·orclnill'r 15 ,. with our in,,.-tion. 

F~gure 2 IS a section~} view of tlie same on the line 2-2 of }'ignrl' I. 

Figure 3 shows full size the two pnrts of the 1·ompound slicle !!epuratecl from 

each other. 

Figu~ is a. trans,·ers.e ~tion of the vo.wel portion of thr c·ompomul sliilt'. 20 

1!1 th81'tollo~mg descr1phon, referem·e is macle only to -slicll's, hut an\· . equivalent ~vice may be acloptecl. • 

. Upo~ a suitable frame a a series of .('Ompounll sli1lC'R 11 arl' nrrnng«'cl sitll' bv ~ 1nde with •e another 80 that they can enl'l1 bl' 11lid up or down within thr 

~me " pa!Sel to one nnother for the purpoRl' of u1lju11ting their lmsition in 2!J lald frame. · 

E~h of t .. compouncl slides 1' l'OnsistR of two pnrtR r nncl d, our lmrt e 

having .ten •more different consonnnbi arranged onl' under thl' other nuc t hrn 

an equ1J:tvai.tt numbl'r of cligitll or mm1l'rals in n similar way be)°',: them in 

IUCh ~ fas D that when one of theS(' cligits or numeraJR appears nt Oil~ of 30 

:.~ the win , apertu?-"8s or incli1·ators f' formPcl in the frame a, nR tht> pnrt r is 

;m. ?JlO"!M a correspond1~g consonant appenrs at the other winclow, npPrtnrr or 

inchcator .f forme<l Ingber. up in tht> fruml'. The other part ti of thr c·om-

.,.,,. -pound ahcle J has n eertam numbPr of '\"owelR, say (i towar1lR itR right-linn11 :r• and towarclR the left-hand. Nlge. say 4 vowels, t11e six on the onr sicle 35 d- ~e four on the other mnkm~ up the ten req11ire1l to rl'presl'nt t hP trn 

igite. These .vowels are arrangl'd .one uncler the ot11er, hut t11r 1·olumn is 

;·jf-lW!>ken where 1t c~angl's· from on!' ~ule to the othrr of thl' said part. l'<'nrath 

th1a column on this pa~ !1• ten d1g1ts are arrangl'cl n'l a 1·olum11, in sm·h a way 

that when .one of the digits appl'ars at its win1low, nprrture or in1li1·ntor ,., the 40 

=ponding vowel appearR at it11 wi~cl!"w, apr.rture or inclil'ator f. Tlir part 1

: 

h n1r the ten consonants and ten d1gitR all m onr 1·olumn, is SllJll'rposrcl 011 L!,_~er part d 80 that the eolumn of the part c is 1li!!posecl l>l'twepn thr two ul"Ua.11J11 parts of the column on the other part ti. 

au In t!i~ way, wh~. anr two cligitR of a 1·omhint>1l sliclP are brongl1t in 45 

Je:.f'lM"!Dd~ the digit WJ?tdo.w, aperture or in11irntor r, tl1l're appl'nr at thr 

he oth:' "" aperture or m<licator f, two letterR, onl' of whi1·h is a vowrl nncl 

:he I' a CODIOnant, s~ that a pronou~1·~nblt>, bi-litl'rl)I Ryllnblr is thus formril. 

th epn~nant :repre!'l'ntmg the fir-;t. 1hg1t of nny rrquirt>cl pair of cliJrits, nncl 

a e 'YOW~ re~entmg the flPeoncl 11.igit of surh pnir. At thr )rft<'r window, r,o 

pertare. or 1*11cator / the vowel will, however, appl'nr to thl' )pft or rig-ht of 

:.:. j;lllOllti!t,l afccborchlng a~ the vowel is dt>rivecl from thl' rigl1t-lmncl st>rit>s of e ~or e t- am series. of vowel1 on the vowrl slide d. If now fivr l'om-

:poun4 ides b are arrang«>il m the fran1e in c;erit>s n11 i1111stratr1l in tl1r 1lrnw- =f//• proaounreable worcl of ten lettl'rs. or fi,." hi-literal syllnhlf's rnn hi' 55 

.1a~24'ia!U, J.<?. PI •. TE, DTT, and a n11111e.rif•al NJUh·alent of Ray ten -.• 11 • t is obvious that the number of digits, however, cnn be 

;~ 

., 

" 

I 

' ' 

·t 

i' 

' 

.• I 

,. 

l 

N° 12,005.-A.D. 1009. 

I 

ntencled bevonil thrse, innsmuc·h ns by inl'rensing the nu~be.r of t11e con- 1 

son:mt!! on thr 1·ommnnnt sli1lr, n 1·on41011nut rnn be usN:l ~o .mclu·a~e a number 

highrr thnn thr numhl'r of :m.\" singll' 1lii6t. ~imilnrly 1t is obv1011s t11at by 1 rxte111ling thl' yowrl Rnirs, n nm11l1er higher .than tl!at repi:e11~11tl'1l by any : 

5 11inglr 1ligit 1·nn hr r«'prC'sC'11tr11. For lhC' p1~rpoc;r of tlrn1 1lNll'r1]~h~n, howe'\"l'r, 

it is suffil·ient to nssum«' thnt no 1·0111hillat111n of numhrrs 1·011o;1s.h11g o~ mort\ 

thnn tl'n 11igitR, (thnt i11 to Rny. two nmnlwrs of fiyp 1ligit~ l'n1·h) is reqm~l'il to 

bl' rl'Jlrl''IC'ntPCl. In oriler to prHrnt tlw !<li1ll's from monng too loo11rly m thl' 

frame 11pring11 nrl' nrrn11g1•d at t hr hn1·k of l'nd1 ,.,] itlr ancl ndnptrtl to f'Xl'rt 

10 pressure' hl'twrl'n the Rlitlr n111l the frn111r. 

Thr mrthocl of using our inwntion is as follows:- . 

.\ ~1·odr wor1l iR lookril up in thC' 1·01lr-hook, reprl'Rrnhng ~ rl'rtnin Rl'ntl'nrl' 

or ml'sc;agr. nn1l its numcri1·al J'l'fPrrm·r ot, sn~·· ~'"" fiAnrrs, 1s Rf't_ up or 1'."Jll'O· 

chwr1l on tl1r nppnrntnq hy mm·iug thr 1·0111110m11l. sliclrR iu s1w1·rR<i10~, u.nhl the 

15 ndnnl nu111 l1r1· sav ;:1:_1n·1 apprnro; at the figurP wnulow, npertnrf' or mclu·ntor "· 

A Re1•m11l mrssngr or worcl is thrn lookrd np. nticl ito; numrri1·al rl'frr1•n1·p 1m~· 

241:1.J in turn sl't up on th«' rrmnining 11li1lrs. nt t11l' figmr winclow 1·, ancl thrRr 

two mPR'lngrs togC'thrr will g-ivr a nmnht>r of trn digits i:l20:l2-H:H, nt tlu." 

figurr wi111low r. nncl trn lrttrrs, forminl? fi\"r prononnrrahlP svll:~hlrs, .~ncl onl' 

20 prm10111wrnhlr nncl trll'grnpliahlr worcl of trn lrttrrs sn~· "rnlop1te~u, ~t tl1r 

lrttl'r winclow f. In this wn~·. not onl~· 1·nn two mrssng-rs hr trnmm11ttr1l 1~ onr 

worcl, hut it <·nn hr 1lonr without nnvonr bring nl1lr to nncll'rRtancl or 1le1•1pl1Pr 

it, nn lPss Rttrh pl'rson hnc; knowlP<lJrr of t hr nrrnngr~nrnt of t hr 1·01111.10nn1l 

Rlitlrc; /, ancl of thr lrttrrs nncl fi~m·rs thrrron. On J'r1·1'1pt of s1wh wor11. it c·nn 

25 hr 1lf'1•oclr1l h.v t hr 1·011 ,·rr~r prol'rR!' to t hnt a lrrncl~ 1l_rR1·ri~1f'1l. 

"'" wonl1l hnvr it 11111lrrstoo1l tlrnt WC' nrr not lmutrcl m nny wn~· ns to t11r 

nnmhl'r of 1 nmp011111l .,]iclPs 11. or n" tn th~ 11111~1hPr of lrttPrs or_ 1ligit<1 uc;~1l_ on 

thr .. liclt>c;. 1111t wr !incl that thr numhrr μ'l\"l'll m thr rxnmplr g1YC'R a Rnflfr1rnt 

rnngl' of prrmutation' to 1·0111pl~- with or1li11a1:.'· 1·01111111'1·1:ial pnrpoRPR. 

30 'Vr nrr nwarP that it ha ... ill'rn pr11po<1rtl 111 d1rd;: r1pl1rr o;~·stC'mR, 1·rn1tograpl1i1· in<ih-nmrllt" ancl tl11• likr to ""r a <.rrirR of 1·yli111l~r"• wl~r1•l!< or .l111n1ls 

rl'lnti\"rlv rnornl•lr to onr nnothrr a111l ailaptr1l to hr a1l,111o;tt>1l 111 rrlnti!ln to 

two rrg-i ... trrinl? pn!<ition' 01· 11inrl,<1, ra1·h 1·ylin1lt>r, w!1r1•l or. bnnd rnrrnng-. n 

srrirs of .. \'llahlr<i in 1·ol11111nar form ancl a l'OJ'fl'R)lOnclmg <;C'J'IC'<l of nnmhrro; Ill 

35 1·ol11111nnt· 0

form <.n that l'tll'h "'"llahlr ha" a 1·orrrc;poncling m1mbl'r wl1Pn thr 

o;;~·llahlr a111l nnmhC'r nrr oppo~itr thr rriri .. tc•ring poo;itiono; r«'spf'l'th·rly. nnil 

wr 110 not rlaim <.11"11 1]r,·i1·1'" hroacll.'· 

JinYinA' now patli1·11lml.' 1l1•'-l'J'ihP1l a111l mwrrtainrcl thr nntnrr of our c;ai1l 

im·rntion ancl in whnt mnnllrr thr <iamr i<i to hr pl'rformrcl, WP 1lP<'lnrP thnt 

40 whnt wr c·laim j,: --

1. .\ ppnmh1<. for to rm i ng- nncl tratl'•Porm ing ri phrr llll'"RRJ?<'S ~or tt>leg-rnpl1iC' 

nnil othrr pmpoc;rc; f'011~i~ti111? of n '-Prir~ of 1·ompou11il. rl'l~hwl~· .1~10Ynl1lr 

rlrnu•nh aclaplPcl to hP a1l,iu~tPcl Ill r1•lat1011 to twn l'l'J?l"!•'l'lllg" p~'-tllonc; or 

mnl'ks. rac·h l'lP111rlll 1·111l"1'tmg nt two part'-, 0111• part l':ll'l'~·mg a sc•r1r" of 1·011-

45 sonnnts nncl a -;rriP'- of 1111111hrr~ in 1·11l11111nar form, a111l tlll' othf'r pnrt earr~·iug 

n Rrrirs of Yowrls a111l a ...i•1 irs ot 1111111hrr, in 1·ol11mllar form, tlw vowPl 1·olum11 

hl'ing l1rokr11: thr f\\n part" of thr rlPmr11t hring- a1l:1ptr1l to lllO\"l' rl'lnti,·rl~· 

to ollr anothrr a111l to li:n·c• thr c·Oll"llllallt 1·olum11 1l1sposC'1l hC'tWPl'n till' two 

pnrts of till' vowrl 1·ol11m11, "11l1<.fa11tiall~· a ... clr'll'l'ihrcl. 

50 :.! .\ pparnt us tor forming an cl fran~form inJ? Piphrv mrsc;nJ?PR for trlt>graphil' 

ancl ot hrr p11rpoo;ps 1·011si~t illg" ol' a frail((' having two rrgistrring mennR trnnR-

\"l.'rsrlv 1lisposr1l at prr1ll'tPrmillr1l po.,ition<.: rrlati,·r to onC' n11otl1rr, n RPril'R of! 

1·omp1;11llcl rlrmrnt-; a1lnptr1l to movr r«'lnti,·rly to our nnothrr iu i;;ni1l frnme in 

a dirr..tion ·,m\JRtnntiall~· normnl to <iaicl rrgistrring mrnus, rac·h rompo11111l 

55 rlrn11•nt having onr part rarr~·ing- a Polumn of 1·011sonnnts nncl fignrrs n111l 

nnothrr p:ll't hnYillJ? ·a c·olnmn of vowrl~ ancl fiirmrs, thr yowrl ro]umn hring 

., 

1' 
e 

. 

I i . d'Lt---~ l ~-- ~ 

REF ID:.811 

r , ;;(, aosf 

l 

I 
REF ID:A71811 

' Ji" 12,00o.-.A.U. 1909. 

~8" IO that one part is one side of and the other part is the other side of 

Jhe ~IOnant column, substantially as described. 3~ The arnngement and construction of an apparatus for forming and transfQ11Dilag cipher meuages for telegraphic and other purposes, suhstnutiull~· as tl~bid and illustrated in the accompanying drawing. 5 

Dated this 22nd day of November, 1909. 

FELL & .J .um~. 

1, Queen Yictoria 8trert, Lonclon, Kf'., 

Agents for thP Applic·ant~. 

- ---')·-- - -· ·----- - - BecUiill: Printed for Bi1 llajellty'1 Stationery Office, by I.ove &: Malt'onuion, Ltcl.-1910. 
- REF ID:A71811 

N° 23,204 A.D. 1913 

(Under International Convention.) 

Date claimed for Patent under Patents and Designs} 

Act, 1907, being date of firat Foreign Appli· 23rd Oct., 

cation (in France), 

Date of Application (in the United Kingdom), 14th Oct., 1913 

1912 

At the expiration of twelve months from the date of the first Foreign Appli• 

cation, the provision of Section 91 (3) (a) of the Patents and Designs Act1 

1907, as to inspection of Specification 1 became operative 

Acc.epted, 9th Apr., 1914 

C(HiPLETE f.:PJ<~ClFICATIUX. 

Improvements in Devices for Cyphering and Decyphering 

l'4eBSages and the like. 

1, Gw1wt:s Lu .. ~t;:xi-:. of rn, rnt• de la Darse, )tu~Pil!P, Bou..J1es-d11-Hhuu1" in 

the Repuhli" of l"r•llll'P, CiYil E11~iueer, do hn1·b~· dPl'larr thP uatun• uf fhi~ 

invention and iu what rna111tn the S:tlll!' is to hP performPd, tu lw partintlarly 

llel!1:rihetl ant.I ast·Prtained iu ;ind hy the following- stateuwut :-

6 This invention ha.- for its suhjPd a portahlP apparatus, l'Upable of beiug ea~ily 

carried in the p0t·ket, a111l mla]i'tt>d to 1·011Yt;>l't a11~· llll'ssagl" written iu clPar 

language into a l'ryptographic· mt>ssagp and l'iet ,., rm. The Usl' of t lie• apparatus 

nbout to l>t> dPs1·rihe1l assun•s tltl' ahsolult• ,.;p1·n>t·y of 1·onespo11dc'lll'P t;>X!'hauge<l 

by letters or hy tt•leg1·ams (ordi11ary telPgn1ms ur radio-telegrams). to It is already known tu us" ('1yptographi!' apparatus lw,·iug- 10 slidt;>rs l'al'h 

• 11·ith the letters of tit"' u.lphabet in normal onln on Olli' part, and in irregular 

..,. · _o:rde1· ou the uthf>r pal1, and to arrange the~e fi'1iclPrs 8ide by Ride in groovFs on a 

'· ·board, tl1e lower parts of the sliders !wing moYed to bring the desirP.J letters of 

~-.. ll wOrd into line under a slot, whereby tlJP upper parts me 1·aused to slww ll'i ·different letters in line under another slot. Tht> upp<'r part>. of t ht> slideni liave 

•· .been. provided with numerals, the urrangc'meut of whid1 forms the key to the 

7~; tramp0sition. The deYtl.'e iH'l·ording to the prc•sent invention differs from thiM, 

ft} !~· t~t a greatly )n<"reased intPreha11gP11hility is sel'ured b,,. dividing ead1 slider 

I_ &nto two parts, an Utlp~r mul a lower part, anangiug the letters of the alphabet ff i». :\•ario~ orderi> .on the lower. parts. as well as the upper parts of the sliders, 

· an'1. lllllkml! all of the lower t<hders mterdiangeable as well as all of the upper 

. sliders. "ith this .<·onstrudion it is rendered absolutely impossible by mere 

"@V888. W?rk to deeypher auy code message as will be seen from the following 

j deacnphon. 

45 r The accompanyi11g drnwiug shows bv wav of example a form of constructio~ (.., of!. the apparatui;: • • , r 

Figure l is a f;we Yiew, the sliders beiug in the poisitiou which they occupy Mi~ti- tbe apparatus is not iu use. · 

Fig~re 2 11bow~ t_he apparatus with the isliders arranged for u pa1·ti1:ular crntQ• ~ iEDPhio transpoe1t1on.. . . . · 

~Price Sd;l 

. 

. 
REF ID:A71811 

'. k .NO 23,204 ...... A.D. 1918. 

I 

~- J!J 

. 

. 

Figure 3 i• an end view of tile apparatus. 

'All will be Hen in the druwi11g11, the BJ>porutus e811l'utially t'01111iilts of a bu11e 

bourd in which are cut guide groo,·es of suitable form; iu the tlruwing (Figure a) 

these gl'OO'fts are of a dove-tailed 11eC:tion, but obviously they wuy be of nny othei· 

convenient 1Jeetion. Sliden 2 are provided adnpte<l to fit uud move in tht!tie 5 

. JUidet. 'l'he Dumber of grt>O\'ell (uud OOnllet1ue11fly the number of sliders) l'lln 

llaturally be varied; in the e-xample illustrated ten grooves are provitled uduptecl 

to receive ten upper movable eliden and ten lowt-r mo,·ubie 11liderM. TbiK 

11umber has l'>een choeen because for telt-grupby the aS1embluge of ten letter11 

11.uving no apparent sense but capable of being pronounced, i11 t'Ounted u11 a 10 

11ngle word. 

. 1.'h~ slide•, independent etwh fro~ the otbeu, ore stridly itlentieul in theh-

~u~ena10ns eo us. to be pedectly mterdumgeahle; they cuu be iusertetl 

lhddferently- each lDto the plnef' of uny of the others, nutl in uny oi·der, into the 

grooves ~f the board in wlneb tbt-y l'Ull 11lide "·ith sligM fri1·tio11. 

The sliders of e11l'l1 11et are uurubered from zero to uiue. Ou e11d1 11li1lei· al'e 

written one above another, but in u ditfei·ent order for t>ul'l1 t1li'1t>r, nll t11e lettei'8 

15 

of the alphabet. · 

It will l>e seen that \\'hPll all the 11lidt>1"11 nre in plm·e, tlie uuruliers Wl'itten on tht' 

enda thereof form, when rend from left to right, u uumbt'l· uf teu digits 20 

l'haracteristfo of the 11rrangemt>ut of the 11litle1·s refoti,·t>ly to one nnother. },or 

t!Dnvenience of desl'riptiou the nnme "llA'l'UHTLA ,. i11 gh·en to these numbel'I!. 

For each arrangement or onler uf the slitlt>1·11 of tht> uppt•r Met there corresponds 

11~ upper matr:icula (for example the number fiOiHl!'1:.N:m, for tJ1e po11itio11 in 

:.'.··· Figure 2) and 10 the some manner thut for t>nch arrau~emeut of the lower slitlert1 25 

there co~respabd<J a lower matri1·ul11 ( 140i9(i:J825 in } igu1·e 2). 

The 11~ of eal·h o~ the upper und lower tiets cnn. be ph\('f'll, 1-elntivt>ly to one 

11nother in the .. board, 111 11 very lnrfle number of 1hft'e1·1'11t orders; in f1ll't, t lie 

num~r of_ tlleee nrrun~t>~t11 obtained by ,·urying tl1e onler of the t1li1le1·s 

rt>lat.ivel1 to 1~11t' u.notJ1er, IH ginu by the known formula or pe-rmutatio1111, whose 20 

uppltcatiou gives ID the present case : -

· _., P 10 =-10 x 9 x 8 x i x 6 x 5 x 4 x a x 2 x 1 = a,02s,soo. 

· ri/ •· There are therefore 3,Ci28,800 different upper niatriculce aucl 3 628 800 lower 

11111tricuhe. llort>ove-r these matriculae t·uu be combined enclt · ~ith 't>11d1 · the 

number of combin11tion1 ia theu: -- ' 

• ,. :J,028,800'= 13,lUS,189,440,000. .,... . 

35 

Piaie. 3 nud 3t ~re fixed o~' the 11itles of the board 110 u11 to extellll the one O\'ei· 

the ~PP"! set of sliders, urul the otht>r ut'l'OllH the lower st>t. E1wh plute i11 11lottetl 

lonptudiually for u11e. us explainell ht>r~inufter, for tl1e form11tio11 and 1·emli11g 

of the cryptograms. For the t:onvemence of the de~:ri1Jtio11 the uume of 40 

••reader" will be given to the11e 11lotted plute11. ·· 

The .apparatua is uaed. in the follo\\·ing manne1·: -

The two corrnpondent.• agrt>e upon two muhicule, one the lower nnd the 

other the, upper, the11e bemg kept ~ret; for example as indil'ult>d in l•'igu1·e 2, . ,,.. 0078!02430 may be adopted as the upper matriculu and 14079t;:J825 m1 the lower 45 

'' :matric •• 

~-i~_&, • WWrl oue of th~ con;espondentit 11·ishes to ~en~. to the other u tieci·et me111mge ··. -~· • 8!1'8Dgeejle ebders in tl1e order as ~hown 1n ] 1gure 2, 80 us to fonn the two 

-.. ':·~ agreed upon ;, then, by movu~g the 1liden in their guitlt>11 he ('.aUHt'H -~ to be tranam1tted to appear 1D the slot of the upper reude-r a for 50 

~ tibe word "INYIOLA.BL~" ~s on the dra~ing. ' 

'I ·~ Tlli .tm.n oft.he lower 11et being in contact with those of the upper flet 

. a ta-..... •. the een~er .. reads inT the slot,,of the lower reader ~1? the cryptog;a: 

~' '; ~:; wz. lSLYtCEQZI • The penon ,_.,.., the .._I" 

;,,,,,. -. • • 1" -~·~1'f! .+· 

, ,,.,, •. , """' ' ' , r 

• 

No iS,!?04.-A.D. 1913 • 

thus cyphered, nod desiring to trnnslatt> it, bas only to di11pose the sliders of hill 

appar11tn11 in the emme m111111er us the sender, th11t i1 to 11t1y &o UH· to obtain the 

two ntatricuhe agl't"ed u1io11, uud then to cause to 1111penr in the slot of the lowt>r 

reader :11 the eypheretl wonls gh·eu in the telegrum. 'l'l1en he will inatuntly 

6 read in c·lenr language in tht> Mlot of tbe upper readt>r a the wordit of the mNsage 

uf his col'l'espondent . It will be seen thut it i11 11ufticieut to t·l1nnge the lower matricula in order 

1~omplt>tely to modify the cl'yptogram. 'l'hu11, in the example proposed, if, 

insteml of tht' lowei· matricula ugl'effi upon (140i96382i>), the lo\\'er t1litlers batl 

10 been diK}l08etl to ft11•m for t'XBmpJe tbe lllUtricu}a u82;Jt)(j()lj4, the cryntogram of 

the \\'Ol'd "INYIOlu\HLB" \\'oultl ba,·e become "l<;\\'}'Ot:CYLYT;'''. 'l'h~ inYiolubility of the secreey of the eo1Te11po1ult>nce thus trunsmitted is 

prucbl'nlly nbsolutt>. 1':xct>pt for an indi11ert>tio11 making known the matril~ulm 

ngi-et>d ~pou, the1·e i11 no doubt that it \\"oultl be «1uite impo!ll!lible to der.ypl1er a 

15 secret d1t1pafrh transmitted b~· means of this nppnratus, in ,-iew of the very large 

nmn~t>r of matriculm that it iM pos11ible to obtuin by the permutution11; nil 

matr1culm other than tbORe 11greell upon between the two correspondt>nta give 

unintelligible transcriptions. 

. The _crypto_grnphic s~·1dem, l't'1mlting from the npplicntion of this np~rntu11 

20 ¥1,·es r111e to maurmouutuble difficulties in any uttempt nt de-cyphering ·without 

it: 1.'he some letter is often l'eplaced, in th~ cryptogl'llm, by different letters or, 

'L'!ce ticrsa, th~ same !t'tter, A fo1· example, m the cryptogram, correspond& aomehmes to au },, sometimes to nu I, llometimes to on U, etc. of the clear message. 

. Hav~ng DO\\' particularly tlt'i«'.1·ibed and 1111Ceiiuined the uuture of my .said 

25 invention nn<l m wl111t 11m11nN· tlte same i11 to be performed I declare that · .what I claim ia: - · ' 

}, fo II tJevi1•e Of thP tn>t' dest•t·iJwJ for t•yphering and Je-l'ypberiog Words and 

messages, the cou11tnw~ion wherein the Mliders ore nrrnnge1l in two sets, an upper 

und a l~wer set, the sh~eni of en<·h set being interchangeable in position in tliat 

ao 11et, wlule for uny 1ml'l1<:ul11r 111·rn11ge01e11t of tltl" one set of 11lider11 a word set 

thereo~ to appear. thl'Ough 11 11lot in the l'eading plate will gh·e a crvptogrnphic 

:\\'ol'd m the J'endmg platt> of the other set, "'hich can be de-1.:yphe~ ouly by 

tiomeoue kn~wiug the coi·i·et·t Ol'ller of the sliders und tbua enabled to eet the 

l'ryptogr~1pluc word 011 one 11et therl'of MO us to reproduce the original "·ord under 

:\5 the reudmg plate on the ntlj:weut 11et of sliders, 11ubstantinlly ns described. 

:!. In n devit·e ns t·luimed in Claim l, the construction wherein the sliders of 

~al'h. st>t beur muuber!I thel'eou, 110 that their onler for cyphering nnd de-cypher• 

mg 10 nuy c·use c·am be dett'rminetl by u given order of the numbers ·\\·hicli cau 

be kept Ht>cret, 1mbst1111ti11llv us dl'!lcribed 

40 3. 'l'he upparatuK foi· use· in t•yphering. aml de-cyphe1·ing word!! nod meeeages, 

<~on11tructed nod mlupted to be used substantiulh· u11 de11cribed with reference to 

the nccompuuying dmwiugs. • -- ·-

Dated thi11 14th d11y o! October, 1913. 

1''or the Applicant:: 

GILL A ELLIS. 

Chartered Patent Agents, 

(;;>;66, Chancery Lone, London, :W.C. 

Betlhill: J1rluted fur lli1 M11jeety'1 Statiouery Ollice, liy Love & M11co11&1VD, LW.-1tH• 

t . I ; 

' 
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