... 

·\ 

j 

.901 ~ 

., •

-. ·.·. REF ID:A66.8M 

A Q. l.! 2 !!" 1·~ ·g·y ! .. !f! !!'*· 

ATTACHED DOCUMEN_TS: . . . AFSA 

ACTION 

ROUTING SLIP Class i:f'ication: UNCLASS. 

The attached communication· requires action in- Date RecDd: 

volving the .. initiation or a rep:J.Ying or im.plemen- lJ Jul.J' 51 

ting c~ication. This .c~ication sh~uld be 

sigD.ed by' the cognizant. Chief, or· presented tor · OJ:ig: 1 

the signature · ot higher.- authority, as appropriate, 

not ,later tha,n 24 Jul.J' 1951 Serial: 

JAGP 

Route 'Routing 

Order · ol Date Out File#: . 

·\G· 

B.ed: 

.None 

07: 1 

Date: 

5 Ju.17 51 

C1fl: 

ENCLz (1) Cop7 ot ltr dtd 10 :March · 1950 from Law offices ot 

FISCHER, WILIJ;S AND PANZER REMARKS: CARD~/mer ·* ~(1·1: p, 3 \, ?~+~;~1 .di1·;'h~~ ff, a(t 

(2) Cow of' Mem.orand.wn con- . cerning a Bill tor the ~iet_ 

.- ot W. F. Friedman dtd 21. . ·'. 

A.u8ust 1950 w/inal.s 

· · o.tl fn,)# · . · tinal= 

·.NOTE: If' the action has been incorrec signed, Retain 

the officer assigned the action is, nevertheless, Cow: 

responsible f'or it until the assignment is chaaged,, · 

either through arrangement with AFSA.-μ. (~ode 131, Aati~tak_en. b7 AFSA Serial: 

exto 60219) or, in urgent cases,· through direct ~ 116 '7 

a"rrangenent with the properly responsible of'f'icer, 0 t r l-&" r 

in which case AFSA-11 sho1il..d be notified as soon ROUTING S!MBoLS: 

) '\ 

as practicableo A-Action V-Initial. · C-C~nt W-Rewrite 

RETURN .THIS ROUTING SLIP TO AFSA-sECRET~T, EVE I-Into :I-Indicate Routing \_\ , 

THOUGH CO~SPONDENCE IS RETAINEDo R-Reta.in I\ \.~, 

\ HUQ!! !!H!!!!!!l!· . ~\ \ .f238 iAFSA Form No o 173 ROUTING SLIP NO: 

Revised 16 March 1951 \ · 

roved for Release b -2014 ursuantto E.O. 135 •....... --· .. 
. .......... ~ ·"' •"" 

JAGP 

• REF ID:A66840 

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY • 

OFFICE OF THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL. 

WASHINGToN Q, D. C. 

SUBJIDT: Proposed Bill for the Relief of Mr. William .F. Rriedman - Cryptographic Inventions 

TO: Director, Armed Forces Security Agency ~iashington 25, D. C •. . ,• 

1. Reference is made·to'the enclosed copies of letter dated 10 

March 1950 to Honorable Lewis A. Jolmson, Secretary of Defense, from 

Mr. Henry G. Fischer, attorney for l'lr. Vfilliam F. Friedman of your 

office, and of "Memorandum Concerning a Bill for the Relief of William 

F. Friedman" dated 21 August 1950 from. Mr. Fischer to Major James R. 

Mills, formerly Chief of this Division, together Vlith the enclosures 

thereto. 

2. By means of the proposed bill, Mr. Fischer would seek relief · in the sum of $100,000.00 for Mr. Friedman to compensate Mr. Friedman 

in cormection with certain of his inventions in the cryptographic field 

which he has made while in the employment of the Government (i.e. the 

Signal Corps, the Army Security Agency, and the Armed Forces Security ~ency) and as to which inventions, except for two hereinafter mentioned, 

U. S. patent applications were filed. Seven patent applications (one of 

which has gone to patent) are involved, and two inventions on which no 

applications were filed, as stated •. The application which has gone to 

patent was at· one time under secrecy under Public Law 700, i.e. the 

Act of October 6, 1917, as amended (35 .u. S. C. 42). All of the remaining six applications are under the "three year rule" (35 u. s. c. 37) 

referred to, and all except one of these six applications are still the 

subject of secrecy orders under Pablic law ?OO. lh each of the seven 

cases the Government has at least a non-exc+usive royalty-free license. 

Under the provisions of Public La.w ?00, Mr. Friedman, in connection with 

the secrecy orders, tendered to the Government for its use the inventions 

of all seven of the pa.tent applications mentioned, except Serial No. 

4?8,193 and Serial N:o. 300,212, 'Which latter resulted in Pa.tent No. 

2,.395,863. All seven of the applications are listed hereinafter and 

certain detailed comm.ants made with respect to the individual cases; also 

the two ·Friedman inventions referred to by Mr. Fischer and upon which 

patent applications were not filed because of the high military classification of the subject matter. 

3. Specifically, Mr. Fischer requests that he be info:r:med on Yr. 

Friedman's behalf as to whether or not the Department of Defense has 

any objection to the introduction of the proposed bill to. the Congress 

on its merits. · · 
• REF ID:A66840 • S~T: Propos~ Bill for the Relief. of Mr. William F. Friedman - Cryptographic Inventions 

4. It is the view of this office that any decision as to whether 

or not such a bill should be presented on Mr. Friedman 1s·behalf is a 

decision which properly should be left to Mr. Friedman and Mr. Fischer 

to make, ·and that this office on behalf of the Department of· Defense 

should so info:nn Mr. Fischer. At the same time, it should be stated 

that it is the policy of the Department of Defense not to express its 

views to private individuals with regard to the proposed introduction 

of legislation, or with regard to the desirability or undesirability 

of passage of proposed legislation except upon call from a committee 

of the Congress. 

s. It is felt that irrespective of what reply is made by this 

office to Mr. Fischer's request, efforts will be ma.de on behalf of 

Mr. Friedman to introduce the bill. Such efforts may well be successful, 

whereupon the committee to which the bill is referred will ~all upon 

the Department of Defense for its views upon the merits of the bill. 

Hence it is deemed desirable to investigate this matter fully on its 

merits at this time, and as ·expeditiously as possible, in order to be 

prepared to present the views of the Department of Defense on the bill 

when called upon. 

6. As now informed, this office is of the view that any such bill,, . if introduced, should be opposed as lacking in merit in view of all of 

the circumstances of the case, including the nature of the inventions· 

involved, :Mr. Friedman's present position in the Government, the employeremployee relationship existing between Mr. Friedman and the Government 

at the time each of the inventions was made, the scope of Mr. Friedman's 

employment, and the duties assigned to him, etc~ However, the view just 

stated is subject, of course, to possible change dependent upon the · results of the investigation which it is requested below that your office 

undertake at this time, and the recommendations of' your office based 

upon the results of such investigation. · 

7. It is desired that this office be furnished at the earliest 

practicable date with an interim reply to this comunication, setting 

f'or1!h' your recommendation as to whether a reply should be made b7 this 

office to Mr. Fischer's letter substantially as set forth in paragraph 

4 above, and if not, 'Wbat reply is recommended. 

8. It is requested that this matter be thoroughly investigated by 

your 6.f'fice for the purpose above mentioned and a .full report with 

recommendations made to this office thereon to aid in presenting to the . Congress the views of the .Department of Defense upon the question f!S to 
... • REF ID:A66840 • 

SUBJECT: Proposed Bill for the Relief of Mr. William F. Friedman - Cryptographic Invent~ons · 

whether or not it favors such bill as may be introduced. 'Mr. Henry B. S~auffer, patent counsel for your office, was present at several 

conferences "With representatives of this office in cormection with this 

matter and is quite familiar with many aspects of the situation, including Mr. Friedma.n 1s inventive activities in the field of cryptography. 

9. For obvious reasons, the requested investigation, insofar as 

possible, should not be brought to Mr. Friedman's a:ttention, nor the 

merits of the proposed bill discussed with him. It will no doubt be 

necessary, h0lf9ver, to secure factual information from Mr. Friedman· 

during the course of the investigation. 

10. Various questions will have to be considered and answered 

before a final decision can be reached as to the views of the Department of Defense on tP8 merits of the proposed bill. Among the.se 

questions are: 

a. Has Friedman accomplished anything in this situation 

"Which warrants further compensation in addition to that he has already 

received in ·the form of salary from the Government, the Presidential 

commendation and other commendations referred tol In a somewhat 

similar situation the Secretary of war disapproved H. R. 5276, 77th 

Congress, lat Session, 19.41, A Bill for the Relief of John c. Garand, 

by letter dated l October 1941 to Honorable Andrew J. May, Chairman, 

Committee on Militar,y Affairs. Ge.rand unsuccessfully sought $100,000.00 

relief for his development of the Ge.rand ~l semiautbmatic rifle. 

. b. Is the Government entitled to full title to the several 

Friedman inventions in question instead of i"liOn-exclusive license, . so that Friedman could not properly claim that any of his rights 

have been violated? This involves the question of the scope of his 

employment, his assigned duties, etc. at the time the abqve inventions 

were made, etc. S.ee: United Sta~es V• Dubilier Condenser Corporation, 

289 u. s. 178; Solomons v. United.States, 137 u. S. 342; Dalzell v. 

Dueber 'Manufacturing Company, 149 u. S. 315; Houghton v. United States, 

23 Fed. 386. . 

c. What were and are the past, present, and future commercial 

possibilities of the Friedman inventions here involved, in this country 

and abroad, as the same may affect the question of the damage which 

Friedman maintains he suffered because of the Government 1 s retention 

of his inventions in secrecy? 

3 
•" • REF ID:A6684<1 

SUBJmT: Proposed Bill for the Relief of Mr• William F .. Friedman - Cryptographic Inventions 

I 

d. What use, if any, was made of Friedman 1 s inventions in 

foreign countries, (governmental and commercial) by reason oi' which it 

might be established that he was damaged and could not recover therefor 

because of the secrecy maintained by the U. s. Government? Is any 

Lend-Lease.use which may have taken place, use for u. s. governmental 

purposes and, hence, within the scope of the license which the U. S. 

Government has under each of the Friedman oases? See Opinion of the. 

Comptroller General of the United Sta~es, 81 USPQ 82, 24 March 1949, 

in the case of Harry A. Knox. 

ll. Reference to previous correspondence reveals that the question 

of Mr. Friedman's recovery from the Government for the oonternp~ted 

purchase of reversionary rights in his inventions, as covered by his 

patent application s. N. 443,320, in secrecy, "Was raised in Comment No. 1 

from the Office of the Director of Intelligence dated 29 December 1947. 

Such question arose while a policy stated in G-2 memorandum dated 29 

April 1946 relative to the purchasing of reversionar.v rights of a Government employee not specific&~ directed to invent was in effect, such 

policy being rescinded by G-2 letter dated 7 July 1950. 

12. ·In reaching conclusions in the present matter it is suggested 

that emphasis be placed on legal as distinguished f~om equitable or moral 

considerations. 

13. It is noted that Publ:ic La.YI 700, supra, provides that the 

Secretary of War or the· Secretary of the Navy may enter into an agreement 

.with an inventor in full settlement and compromise for any damage 

accruing to him by reason of a secrecy order. Hanever, this statute 

does not specifically provide that the inventor may bring suit to recover 

for such alleged damage. · 

FOR THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL: 

... 

\YILLARfr • i". • . . . HOooES .. J ·~··JR. 

Lieutenant Colonel, JAGO 

Chief, Patents Division 

2 I:iicl 

1. Copy ltr 10 Mar 50 

2. Copy Mano 21 Aug 50 w/incls 

4 
•·. 

• ... .. . . • REF I,R~40 

\-Vr~ ' · Law Offices of 

FISCHER, WILLIS AND PANZER 

Henry G. Fischer 

John w. Willis 

Irving R.M.Panzer 

Elizabeth Peterson 

Hon. Lewis A. Johnson 

Secretary of Defense 

Washington 25, D.C. 

Dear Sir: 

Adams 3400 

Dupont Circle Building 

Washington 6, D.C. 

1728 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. 

Washington 6, D.C. 

March 10, 1950 

This letter is written on behalf' of Mr. William F. Friedman, 

Director of Communications Research, Defense Security Agency, He 

is i:U and has received permission tp retain us to pursue the matter 

about which this communication is concerned. 

Mr. Friedman is responsible individually and in collaboration 

with others for the invention and development of systems and devices 

in the field of military communications which have proved.to be of the 

utmost importance to the defense of our country. For his efforts in 

this direction, he has received the Medal for Merit from President 

Truman, and al.so the Commendation for Exceptional Civilian Service 

from Henry~. Stimson, Secretary of War. Copies of both are attached 

hereto. 

In connection with these inventions, patent applications have 

been filed, the government allowing Mr. Friedman, al.one with respect 

to some of the applications, and with collaborators with respect to 

·others, to retain commercial. and foreign rights. All of these patent 

applications have been placed in secrecy status; one of the inventions 

has been in secrecy now for over sixteen years and a second fo~ over 

thirteen years. It is higtq.y unlikely that any of the inventions will be 

released from secrecy, at least for a great many years to come. 

It has al.ready been indicated that Mr. Friedman is now ill and 

in the largest measure, his illness is due to the unusually severe strain 

imposed upon him by the nature of his work. Indeed, it is probable that 

his earning capacity has been permanently and heavily impai;red. In 

the light of these facts,. the quest::tion has arisen whether, in equity, an 

attempt is not warranted to obtain from the Congress an act authorizing 

the Department of Defense to purchase f'rom Mr. Friedman &11 the rights . he has been allowed to retain in the inventions which have been placed 

·in secrecy status by the government for a token payment that \\'Ould help 

in easing the concern he might have about his livlihood in the future, 

even though such a pa.YJ!lent had little relation to the high value we understand such rights might have under different circumstances. There are 

con 
. .- - - - ------------------- ' .. REF ID:A66840 ' COPY 

preeed.ents for such awards in the conon.unications field, even in the 

absence of any property right.a in the inventions. 

It has occurred to us that the ordinary procedure in pursuing 

a matter such as this may not be available in this case because of the 

delicacy of the subject matter of the inventions involved. In any case, 

we believe it to be best to discuss the matter with a representative of 

your office.before proceeding further. It is therefore the purpose of 

this letter to request that you designate a representative to whom we 

would be authorized to present the matter in full and who in turn would 

have authority to ascertain and inform us of the disposition of the 

Department of Defense in that connection. 

Because we have no W83 of ·knowing whether the ·Department 

wishes to treat this request in a manner not routine, we are deliveri_ng 

this communication and attachments by hand to Major General Levin c. 

Allen in order that we will not be in the position of ha:ving embarrassed 

your decision on that score. 

HGF:el 

Attachments (3) 

Very truly yours, 

Sgg. 

Henry- G. Fischer 

• I I • 
r 

t,.' 

August21, 1950 

REF ID:A66840 

MEMORANDUM CONCERNING 

A 

BILL FOR THE RELIEF OF 

WILLIAM F. FRIEDMAN 

Submitted 

at Request of 

MAJOR JAMES R. MILLS, JAGC 

Chief, Patents Division 

By 

FISCHER, WILLIS AND PANZER 

Dupont Circle Building 

Washington 6, D. C. 

< .. -
'· REF ID: A66840~ .......... ../ ..... ~ 

,TO: Major James R. Mills, JAGC 

Chief, Patents Division 

:RE: Bill for the Relief of William F. Friedman 

Introduction 

...... _.-·-· 

At a conference held on June 8, 1950, I submitted to you orally our 

proposal to have submitted to the Congress a bill for the relief of Mr. 

William F. Friedman, now Chief of the Technical Division, Armed Forces 

·.Security Agency, Department of Defense. This proposal was made to you pur-

~-uant to the authorization and direction your office had received through 

channels from the Department of Defense to investigate and report upon the 

matter, and to determine the attitude of the Department of Defense in that connection. I presented an oral argument to you and your associates at that time 

in which I emphasized that it was not our purpose in presenting the matter to 

the Department of Defense to request any affirmative action on its par_t, but 

rather, to acquaint the Department with the situation and to request merely an 

indication that the.Department of Defense has no objection to the submission of 

"the bill to the Congress for consideration upon its merits. At the end of the 

conference, you asked that we submit the matter fully in writing as a ·convenient 

basis for your ascertaining the policy of the Department of Defense with reference to the proposed bill. This memorandum is accordingly submitted in 

triplicate in compliance with your request. If there is any additional information you wish, please let me know. 

- I -

.... 
1 

I 

"'- ·-·-----

.......,_""'·· REF ID: A66840 r . .,._ ·· ' ', I .... ,._ ..... ·· 

William F. Friedman 

Mr. William F. Friedman has been an ofiicer of the Army and a 

civilian employee of the War Department and the Department ·oi Defense for 

almost thirty years; he began his civilian employment with the Wax· Depa::::"tment in, l 9Zl. Throughout the entire period of his emplcym~nt with those 

departments he has worked in the highly specialized !ield of military communications, specifically cryptology, and for his entire perkd of employment the character of his work has been highly classified. He ~s now Ch~ei 

of the Technical Division, Armed Forces Security Agency, Department of 

Defense. In World War I, Mr. Friedman was a first lieutenant in ~he MiHtary 

Intelligence Division, assigned in 1918 and 1919 to General Headquarters, 

AEF. in France, in charge of the German code solving section. of ~he Ir..~eliigence Division. From l 9ZZ to 1941, he held a commissior.. in the S:.gna! 

Corps Reserve, attaining the grade of Lieutenant Colonel. He was retired in 

1941 from the Rese:-ve Corps upo:>. the finding of the Surgeon General of a 

permanent impairment of health. Despite his illness, however, he !"eceived 

for his work in cor..nection with World War II the h:.ghest civilian awards of 

honer bestowed by the United States: the Medal io:- Mer·it awarded by 

President Truman and the Commendation for Exceptional Civil!.a.r. Ser.,ic:e 

awarded by Secretary oi Wa::::" Stims-:;;n. The citation e.ccompanying his 

Medal fo::- Mez·it reads as fellows: 

WILLIAM F. FRIEDMAN. ior exceptionally meritoricus 

condi!ct in the pe:r-forrnance of outstanding service, conspicuously above the usual, wi~ the Government of the 

United States during the period from 8 September 1939 

to Z September 1945, in du.ties of considerable responsibility while Dir-ector of Communications Research, Army 

Security Agency, Military Intelligence Service, Washington, 

D. C. By untiring and self-sacl'ificing devotion, by exceptional technical ingenuity in an extremely specialized 

) 

- z -

.:~ 
p 

l _ .. 

····-,,-. REF ID : A6 6 8 4 0 .·- ··,~·· 

· ... _ ... -···· '·· .................... ··· 

field, which ranks him among the world's Io:·emost a~thorities, by able leadership, by initiative and zeal abcve and 

beyond the requirements of duty, Mr. Friedman distinguished 

himself in contributing directly and tremendously to the 

successful prosecution of the war effort. The conduct of 

Mr. Friedman has been in keeping with the highest traditions of the Government Service. 

The citation accompanying the Commendation for E'xcept:.Onal Civilian Service 

· reads as follows: 

For outstanding performance oi service to the War 

Department, ovez· and beyond the requirements of duty, 

during his extended period of service with the Signal 

Corps. He has demonstrated a degree of initiative, fo:rethought and leadership which has proved of utmost importance to.the Army Signal Corps in the execution of its 

mission. His research and developments in the field of 

military communications have been valuable to the ope:::.-ation of all \:.nits of the Armed Forces. 

The highly classified nature of Mr. Friedman's services, of course, mad.e :.t 

impossible to set out specifically in the citatior..s quoted above the work for 

which he was honored. In this connection, however, it is interesting to note 

that he was one of the first :n World War II to receive these awards. 

The Inventions Involved 

During the period oi his employment with the War Department, M::·. 

Friedman invented a number oi systems and devices in the field of militat·y 

communications, some alor.e, othez·s i:?. ccaabc!"ation. With respect to some 

of the inventicns, patents have been issued; as to others, patent applicat:.cr..s 

are being held in secrecy under th.e "thz·ee-yeaz· 1·u.le"' (3S U.S.C., §37) or 

P.L. 700 (35 U .S.C ., §42) o::· both: as to at least two, the need fer sec::i:·ecy was 

such that no patent applicatior.s we:.:·e eve::.- filed with :-espect to them. Some of 

the inventions on wh~ch patents have issued we:t"e held i.."1. secrecy foz· a time 

either under the 11 thr·ee-year z·ule" or P.L. 700 and were subsequently allowed 

to go to issue. The specific inventions, patents and patent applications Uivolved in this matter, with the z·elevant information concerning each of the 

inventions are set out in tr..e followi!lg table: 

- 3 -
. "'\ . { 

.i .... 

. · .. _,..,.. 

' 

~ 

, 

' .... ~' 

REF ID:A66840 

lSSUF.D PAT ffNTS. -

Held Under 

3-Yr. Pub. Used by 

Pat. No. Description Inventors Filed Issued Rule 700 Govt Owner License 

Z,395,863 Crypto Device 

(Strip Board) 

1 q Oct39 5 Mar46 No Yes Yes Inv 

PENDING APPLICATIONS . 

Serial Nos . 

t,sz,096 (Conv. M-134) Friedman ZS Jul 33 Yes Yes Yes Govt 

107 ,244 {Conv. M-134-TZ) Friedman 2.3 Oct36 Yes Yes Not yet Govt 

·I 70,412. SIGABA {Conv. Friedman & 2.3 Mar36 Yes Yes Yes Govt 

M-134-C, ECM) Rowlett 

478,193 Facsimile enc. sys. Friedman 6 Mar43 Yes No ? Inv 

-'549,0Bb (Conv. M-32.5) Friedman 8Nov44 Yes Yes Yes Inv 

443,32.0 SIGCUM Friedman & 16May42 Yes Yes Yes Inv 

{Conv. M-2.28) Rowlett 

ln addition to th€ inventions set out in the table above, two basic inventions in the 

cryptano.~ytic field were made by Mr. Friedman and submitted for action to the 

Signal Corps Patent Board in April, 1937. Becau&e it considered these inventions 

so highly ,.1.,.ssiiied, the Board recommended that no patent applications be filed, 

and, in fact, no l pplications were ever filed with respect to them. However, at 

least one of these basic inventions was used and developed and extensions of it 

are now in use. 

Govt 

Inv 

Inv 

Inv 

Govt 

Govt 

Govt 

" ;---

' 

'•I 

' 
\ 

.· ......... .. REF ID:A66840 .· ........ __ 

... .... ) \ ... __ ....... ~" 

The inventions described above all arose in connection with the 

official duties of Mr. Friedman, but not as a result of any specific direction 

or designation to invent the things involved. In fact, all the inventions listed 

above were made while Mr. Friedman was engaged in other work which was 

in part responsible for his ultimately receiving the Medal for Merit. The 

official descriptions of the various posts held by Mr. Friedman _in the course 

of his employment cannot of course be submitted because of their classified 

nature; but Mr. Friedman assures us that nowhere in the official records will 

there be found any designation to invent a specific thing, and that, in fact, no 

such designation was ever made. Further, specific findings. have been made 

with respect to several of his inventions, including one of the latest and most 

significant still in secrecy (Serial No. 443,320, filed 16 May 42), that they 

were not the result of any specific direction or designation to in.vent the thing 

involved, these findings being made by a board having special jurisdiction for 

that purpose, the Signal Corps Patent Board. And, in consonance with this 

state of the facts, under the provisions of A.R. 850-50, Mr. Friedman, along 

with his ccllaborators, has in fact been allowed to retain, either by ownership 

of the patent or exclusive license, the domestic commercial rights and all 

foreign rights in the inventions listed in the table above. 

On April 25, 1936, Mr. Friedman subscribed a document purporting to constitute an agreement to make a complete assignment of any inventions thereafter made by him to the United States, if the Chief Signal Officer 

requested such assignment. No such a request has been made with respect 

to any of the inventions described above and in all the inventions made subsequently to April 25, 1936, Mr. Friedman has been allowed to retain rights 

under the provisions of A.R. 850-50, to the. same extent as in these inventions 

- 5 -
. 

.. .. .... ,· .... -

REF ID:A66840 ."""" '·- . '-..._./ 

made prior to that date, excepting those two so highly classified that no patent 

applications were filed. The provisions of the "three-year rule" and P.L. 700 

were, of course, invoked to maintain secrecy. 

The salient fact regarding all the inventions which were or still remain in secrecy, is that the rights retained by Mr. Friedman cannot be exercised while an invention is in a secrecy status. In making this point, we wish 

to emphasize that there is no question as to the wisdom of the judgment placing any of the inventions in secrecy. Indeed, it appears that most of the inventions still in secrecy are of such significance to our national defense, that 

the prospect of their release at any time in the near future seems remote, 

and Mr. Friedman would be among the first to argue that the retention of the 

secrecy status with reference to them is necessar·y in the national interest, 

whatever may be the consequences to his personal fortunes. 

Legal Status 

It is not our purpose to argue the strict legal status of the rights 

Mr. Friedman may have in his inventions or of any claim he may have arising 

from these rights. The reasons for this will become clear, we believe, when 

we discuss later in this memorandum the nature of the relief we seek for 

Mr. Friedman. But because the legal issues are relevant to the equitable 

considerations later to be discussed we wish to point out the nature o! those 

issues. 

It seems fairly beyond the realm of dispute that the rights which 

Mr. Friedman may have in his inventions have been substantially and adversely affected in at least two ways in connection with those specific inventions which were in secrecy and subsequently released as well as with those 

that today rema!in in secrecy; first, to the extent that the secrecy 

- 6 -
"" .. ~ - . 

./ --. REF ID: A66840 -., .... .... ,· ·...._. I 

........... -_,,. ... ··--' 

requirement has prevented and still prevents the use of such rights during the 

period of secrecy and second, to the extent that foreign governments may have 

·been or still are permitted the use of any of the inventions during the period 

of secrecy. The first type of impairment has occurred to a more or less substantial degree in respect of all those inventions described above which were 

placed in secrecy. Because of the secrecy surrounding the use of the inventions, the Department of the Army and the Department of Defense alone would 

know the exact measure of the second type, namely, that resulting from the 

use of any particular invention by foreign governments. One ~f the conditions 

under which Mr. Friedman was permitted to retain counsel in this matter was 

that he would not disclose any classified information and therefore we are not 

in full possession of the facts. 

·With respect to the inventions released from secrecy, and on which 

patents have issued, the question is raised whether Mr. Friedman has a claim 

in the case of Patent No. 2,395,863 under the provisions of P.L. 700, 35 U.S.C., 

§42 which provides as follows: 

Whenever the publication or disclosure of an invention by the 

granting of a patent might, in the opinion of the Commissioner 

of Patents, be detrimental to the public safety or defense he 

may order that the invention be kept secret and withhold the 

grant of a patent for such period or periods as in his opinion 

the national interest :::-equires: Provided, That the invention 

disclosed in the application for said pa.tent may be held 

abandoned upon it being established before or by the Commissioner that in violatior. of said order said invention has been 

published or disclosed or that an application for a patent therefor has been filed in a foreign country by the inventor or his 

assigns or legal representatives, without the consent or approval of the Commissioner of Patents. 

When an applicant whose patent is withheld as herein provided 

and who faithfully obeys the order of the Commissioner of 

Patents above referred to shall tender his invention to the 

Government of the United States for its use, he shall, if and 

when he ultimately receives a patent, have the right to sue for 

- 7 -
REF ID : A6 6 8 4 O'"~Y;·:...-

..... _ .. ___ .. -..._-· ..... _,; 

compensation in the Court of Claims, such right to compensation to begin from the date of the use of the invention by the 

Government: Provided, That the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy or the chief officer of any established defense 

asency of the United States, as the case mav be, is authorized 

to enter into an asreement with the said applicant in full settlement and compromise for the damase accruins to him by reason 

of the order of secrecy. and for the use of the invention by the 

Government. [Emphasis added] 

With respect to those inventions still in secrecy, which are of such 

significance to our national interest that their ultimate release from secrecy 

seems at best remote, the question is raised whether the Secretary of the 

Army, or the Secretary of Defense, in accordance with the authority granted · 

by P.L. 700, should not •enter an agreement with the ... applicar..t in full 

settlement and compromise for the damage accruing to him by reason of the 

order of secrecy". 

We appreciate fully that the application of the p:t"ovisions of P.L. 700 

to inventors in the position of Mr. Friedman is sul;>ject to argument: we point 

out the lesal issues here not to arsue such issues, but rather to show subsequently the rel~vance of these issues to the equitable considerations in the 

matter. 

The Relief Sousht 

As we have already indicated, it is not our purpose to arsue the 

strict lesal issu.es that may exist in the case of Mr. Friedman, the reason 

beins that the strict lesal issues are not the foundation for the relief we are 

seeking on his behalf. Mr. Friedman does not request any affirmative action 

of the Department of the Army or of the Department of Defense. 

·What we seek on Mr. Friedman's behalf is an opportunity to 

present his case to the Congress without objection on the part of the Department of Defense. 

- 8 -
, i REF ID: A66840. ; .... ___ . ___ ) '·-\ .. _ ...... 

We propose to have submitted to the Congress a bill authorizing the 

Secretary of the Treasury to settle all claims and rights of Mr. Friedman in 

respect of all the inventions described above for the sum of $100,000, the bill 

beins in the following form: 

For the relief of William F. Friedman. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 

the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, 

authorized and directed to pay to William F. Friedman, out 

of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the 

sum of $100, 000 in full settlement for all rights in respect of 

his inventions in connection with military. naval and air communications facilities, which a:re now or at any time have been 

placed in secrecy status by the War Department or the Department of Defense, including but not limited to all rights with respect to his inventions covered by Patent Numbe:- 2,395,863, 

and by patent application serials 682,096, 107,244, 70,412, 

443,320, 478,193 and 549,086 and with respect to all inventions 

for which patent applications have been withheld by the War 

Department or Department of Defense in order to preserve 

secrecy: Provided, That no part of the amount appropriated 

in this act in excess of 10% thereof shall be paid or delivered 

to or received by any agent or attorney on account of services 

rendered in connection with such claims and _rights. 

The sum of $100,000 will not be submitted as having any relation to 

the legal measure of damages due to the impairment oi Mr. Friedman's rights 

in his inventions because of the secrecy o:il."de:-s. We think that a figu,re determined in accordance with any legal measure of damages could reach a 

masnitude in his case wh:.ch wou.ld be far beyor.d the range and purpose of the 

relief we seek; indeed, the experience of the War Department in the purchas- · 

ing of rights in inventions of this nature would probably offer a fair indication 

of the value of the foreign and domestic commercial rights in Mr. Friedman's 

inventions. The sum of $100,000 will be submitted to the Congress as a sum 

Mr. Friedman can reasonably request in the light of the equitable considerations to be discussed below. 

- 9 - ID 
"' ... ~ 

_,. .. REF ID :A66840. .......... . · .... -' 

I. 

" ... -· .... ~ 

At this point, we wish to make it doubly clear that we ask nothing of 

the Department of Defense except an indication that the Department will not 

object to the submission of the bill described above to the Congress for consideration upon its merits. It is of course, obvious that Mr. Friedman, who 

is a high level technical consultant in the Department of Defense, would be 

highly embarrassed if he were to take any action in the matter without first 

soliciting the attitude of the Department upon it. It seems equally obvious 

that it is desirable from the Department's viewpoint that we ascertain its 

policy before proceeding. 

The Equitable Considerations 

.Mr. Friedman is now 59 years old and has dedicated his entire 

adult life to the work he has done for the War Department and the Department 

of Defense. He has made inventions of the greatest importance, and has retained rights in them which he will probably never be able to exercise in his 

lifetime because of the orders maintaining them in secrecy. He has received 

the highest honors the United States can bestow upon a civilian, but, ironically, 

the very significance of the work which brought him honors has placed upon 

him burdens and disabilities to which he would not otherwise have been subjected. It will be necessary to catalogue only a few of them in order to demons tra te this. 

(a) In the course of his work, but beyond the requirements of any , 

of his duties, Mr. Friedman performed basic research, developed techniques 

and made discoveries and inventions of a significance to the national interest 

which we understand would challenge the most creative imagination to evaluate 

in any monetary terms. In accordance with the firm policy of the. War Department to offt/r an incentive for inventive genius, which brought about such 

- 10 - I I 
, ...• REF ID:A66840 

--..,,· """\ .. _.> 

exceptional results in the case of Mr. Friedman, he was sranted the domestic 

commercial rishts and foreisn rishts in his inventions. If those inventions had 

been of only minor sisnific"ance to the national interest, Mr. Friedman would 

have been in a position to benefit from those rishts. Because of their inesti.mable importance to the national interest, however, Mr. Friedman has 

been effectively and properly (from the point of view of the national interest) 

foreclosed from exercising any of hls rishts in his most significant inventions. 

It seems equitable, and desirable from the viewpoint of the sovermnent, to 

mitisate by some token the penalty which has thus unintentionally been imposed upon hish achievement, and to vindicate in some small measure the long 

standins War Department policy of stimulatins inventions, a policy which 

failed here simply because it was so successful. 

(b) The desirability of some relief for Mr. Friedman in this situation is heightened by reference to the policy of the Consress expressed in 

1946 by the statutory au_thority sranted to all Government departments to 

make awards to government personnel for any suggestions beneficial to the 

government (5 U.S.C.,§116a), without limitation in amount, so far as the Department of Defense is concerned. In furtherance of this policy, awards hav-: 

been made for suggestions improving methods of packing, office procedures, 

files and the like. It is not reasonable to assume that a Consress which 

authorized such ::-ewards for any helpful sugsestions to the government, would 

not authorize relief for Mr. F::-iedman in the extraordinary situation in which 

he finds himself. 

Cc:) Although it may be that the provisions of P.L. 700 do not apply 

to inventors in the position of Mr. Friedman, they point generally to the consideration given to the problem set out in paragraph (a) above by the Congress 

- 11 - I ":L 
\ \.__ / ...... 

REF ID:A66840 

\.,..., ... _ ... 

and show a further disposition on its part to grant relief against inequities of 

this nature. The patent provisions of the Atomic Energy Act (4Z U;S.C., §1811) 

likewise show the concern of the Consress to avoid stifling the inventive urge 

in those areas of our national inter·est of the highest importance by compensating for the penalties which are dictated by necessity. 

(d) The secrecy which has surrounded all the achievements of 

Mr. Friedman in connection with his duties for the Government, has effectively circumscribed any opportunities of Mr. Friedman to engage in his profession elsewhere whether by teaching, writing, lecturing, by independent 

invention or otherwise. It may be noted in this connection that Mr.· Friedman 

has written a number of basic works in his field which are maintained in 

secrecy and are available for use only to a comparatively small group within .. the Department of Defense. 

(e} The secrecy surrounding all his wor_k has effectively denied 

Mr. Friedman the recosnition his superior work deserves and to which men 

in all professio~s and sciences aspire. The recent experience of the Atomic 

Energy Commission in its efforts to retain in its employ scientists of the 

hishest calibre under a blanket of secrecy is relevant to the present case. 

·(See Repol't cf the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 81 st Cong., l st Session, 

Oct., 1949, Senate Report No. 1169, p. 36.) 

(f) The immeasurable stress of his work and the burden of responsibility imposed by the necessity for constar.t secrecy ever since 192.1 were 

majo::- facto::-s in the impairment of Mr. Friedman's health which now makes 

his livelihood inc:::-easingly precarious. 

It is this last consideration which finally induced Mr. Friedman to 

permit us to bring the matter to the attention of the Department of Defense. 

- lZ -

··----------

}3 
" . :;- ..... REF ID:A66840 .. _ ... _..,... 

i . ____ ........ .: 

Of course, this consideration needs no documentation because much of the 

medical attention Mr. Friedman has received over the past several years ·has 

been in army and veteran hospitals. As already indicated, also, Mr. Friedman 

was required to retire from the Reserve Corps in 1941 for this reason. We 

are enjoined by Mr. Friedman from expanding upon this consideration and 

laying upon it the stress we think it deserves. This alone explains the bareness of its presentation. 

The Precedents 

There are at least two precedents for the :relief we propose to seek 

from the Congress on behalf of Mr. Friedman, both involving the invention of 

devices in the field of military communications. The first, an .. Act for the 

Relief of Captain Russell Willson", and the second, an "Act for the Relief of 

Maude P. Gresham and Agnes M. Driscoll". The full statement of facts and 

the legislative history of each of these acts is attached hereto as Appendix A. 

(a) In each of the cited casest a si~gle cryptographic device was involved, invented in one case by a naval officer and in the other by a naval 

officer in collaboration with a civilian employee of the Navy Department. In 

the case of" Mr. Friedman, at least nine inventions are involved. 

(b) The prac:tical significance of the inventions involved in the two 

cited cases is unknown to us and Mr. Friedman is enjoined from disclosing 

that information. Only the Department of Defense is in a position to weigh 

that slgniiicance in comparison with the significance of the inventions of 

Mr. Friedman. 

(c) As in the case of Mr. Friedman, the devices involved in the 

cited cases were inventions by officers and personnel of an organization now 

a part of the Department of Defense, made without designation to invent, put 

to use by the government and maintained in a secret status. 

- 13 -
- .... ____ _.._. __ ... ~ 

. -'· i .i 

\. _ .. _, ... REF ID: A66840 .-·v·-·-. 

I ." 

\.....,.•,4.~:' 

(d) ln the two cited cases no patent applica.ticns were ever filed 

and accordingly the inventors had no patent rights in the inventions whatever; 

with respect to two of Mr. Friedman's inventions, he is in exactly the same 

position. As to the other seven inventions listed in the table above, Mr. 

Friedman was, in fact, granted the domestic commercial rights and foreign 

rights. It has already been indicated, however, that these rights have been 

defeated by the very importance of the inventions, and have been completely 

nullified for all practical purposes by the necessity for holding the inventions 

.in secrecy. In the case of one of his inventions (Serial No. 68Z)096), these 

rights have now been suspended for 17 years; L"l anothe:- (Se:rial No. l 07 ,Z44). 

14 years: for how many more years they will remain suspended is not even 

subject to rough estimate. Obviously, suspension in these circumstanc~s becomes synonymous with nullification-

(e) The personal considerations in the two cited cases were similar to those in this case. 

(f) In the two cited cases, the claims submitted to the Congress 

received the express approval of the Navy Department. Mr. Friedman asks 

only that the Department of Defense express no objection to the presentation 

of his matter to the Consress. He would of course be happy if the Department of Defense were to sive the matter its affirmative approval, but he does 

not ask that much. 

Aside from the ca'5es cited above, which seem parallel to the 

present case in all respects includins the very nature of the inventions involved, there are others where officers and employees of the military services sousht and :received relief from the Congress for inventions which were 

put to use by the government. These cases, of course, are not directly in 

) 

- 14 - IS 
.. · .""-·-. REF ID : A6 6 8 4 0 ,.···~.----

i\ .... : .... __ _,....: '. 

............... / 

point here, because we do not intend to ma.ke any request based upon government use of Mr. Friedman's inventions and for this reason are not cited here. 

They are mentioned, however, to show generally the disposition of the 

Congress to aid in the effectuation of the War Department and Navy Department policies of offering this form of incentive to stimulate invention. in the 

national interest. 

Conclusion 

It has been our purpose to make this memorandum as brief as a 

reasonable presentation of the matter of Mr. Friedman would allow. It is 

respectfully submitted as a basis for the request for an indication that the 

Department of Defense has no objection to the presentation of the matter to 

the Congress on its merits. The considerations which seem to make that request a reasonable one in the circumstances have been set out along with the· 

factual background of the matter. Favorable consideration of the request 

would be greatly appreciated. 

Respectfully submitted, 

FISCHER, WILLIS AND PANZER 

BY 

Attorneys for William F. Friedman 

- 15 - '" 
r ...... -....... \ 

i. I 

....... '-........ 

REF . ~ ... ·· -. ID:A66840 

APPENDIX A 

----------·- ---- -· --- . --·-·-- --- ·--··-· --- ·-· ----·---- .. ·-· . ·-·- - ----- ------- ·- -··-· ------ -·- --·-
i-

! 

REF ID:A6684QJ 

i·l"l't1 l'.·•iu::1u:i.;t1 l J:IOll81~ 01•' 'U1':1'JU::SEJ1.;TATI VES j 

I 1ral • ..:, 1111Ci1111. f l 

t:Al•T. IU:~..;1-:1.1. WI I.I.SON 

llt:1"01rr 

No. :!~4 

:\I u:o:11 ·I, l!•:i.'i.--Cu111111itl.1·1l I•• 1.111• (:ommiLlc:u 11r 1.1,., \\'hu:1· llu11~1: :11111 urol1:ro1I 

'" IN• 1'l"i•1ll'1l 

:\Ir. S1·:.-1.11~, rro111 1.111' c "11111111i1.1.1•1! 1111 N11,·1il Alr11ir,., "11h111i1.1~,i1 tlw 

f:1!111\\"i11i: 

HEI•OR'f 

l'l'u 111·1•u11110:11•.•· 11. H. lilili·l I 

·nw (\~mmiUA''' nn ~11'>111 Affuii·,i., to wh .. m "'"" 1-..·f··-t·i·u.1.( tJm bill 

(11. It r,r,1;.11 f1•r 11"' r1·li1·f uf C:1p1.. 1(11,.,.,.11 Will,.011, li11it.l!I! s1.111 ... ,. 

~ll\",\", hn\"\f\;1! , • .,n~\.~1·n~~~ dw "1u1w, f'l•j1«r(. it. (~1 t.lw I h«I"<~ v.·!tJ1 t.lm 

11•1·11111t1!l'll1!11li1111 1.!1111. il· 1!11 p:u•"· 

TIJI' p11J'P""'' 11f 1JJ.• 111·.,1111,.1•.11 li·.:::i,.!11t.i1111 j,. 1.11 ,!!i\'l' < '11pl.. 1(11,.,;1•11 

\\'ill,.1•11, l;11i1.1•1I :;1.111.1'" :\'11\",\'. $1:"i,111111 i11 full "'l!l.1.11•1111•111 furn 1•1•r1.11i11 

\1w ''n\ \,.n .,{ \\\,:. 1,,.,,.,\ in 1·01111,.,· \ i1•11 .,...\\ !1 \ !"~ ~··· \'\~t 1•01111mm\1·11\.\on 

r.11·ili1.ir" of 1.llC' '.'in\'\', 

Tiu• 1·:1h11• 111 t.111··~111·1· 111111 l.u 1111' C111·1•r111111•111. of 1.hi" i11nmt.i11n 

1·11m11•1. Ill' 1111•11,.11r1•1I in .i11ll111·,. 111111 1·1·111.... I 1 ... \'nhm l.11 I Im (:111·1irnll!l'Jll. mn,\' 111• j11d!!1•ol h.\' 1111• frll'I. 1.h111. ii. wn" 11:<1•11 1l111·i!1;! 1.!m \\"11rl1I 

\\"ur in 11ll 1li:1p1i11•llC'.~ h1•rw1•1•n I.Ill' ~a, .. ,. l>1•pnrt.1111•111.11111l n11\'11I h1·111l1pr:ll'h•l'l' in l.1111111•11, i111"h11lin;! 1h11,.1• 1•11Jl!:i•rni11i: 11111\'1•11w111,-1 11f 1.1·1111"-

p111·1 .. , Will'r1· !1.:1 "''1°r1•1',\' pr11h•1•1111I ti11111,.!lllll:< .. r li\'I\:' 111111 111illi1111" 11f 

1l11ll:ir:1 w11r1h 1•f p111p1·r1 .. L 

Bl'il1;! 1!W11r1• uf 1•111111111r11li1·u 1•:1,.:• wit.It\\ iti1·h 1·11nli1l1•1t1i11l 11111I ,:1•1'1'1\L 

1111':<"''1!''" w1•r1• i11h•r1·1•pl.1•il 111111 cl1•1•111l1•1I h,\' 111111111h111'i1.P1I I"'"""""• 

t'11p1.11i11 \\"ill,.1111 1·11111·1•in11I 111111 111·rf1••·l1•.f 1.!,j .. i11,·1•111i1111 whit.• 1111 1L 

t.ur1r 1•!' :11·11 d111,1· in l!llli. Fur Cupl11i!1 \\"ill..::1.11 1.11 hu\'1• p1111•111.1•cl I.hi,,; 

i111·1·rl1i1·111 w1111l1I h:1\'1• c!1•,:t.ru\'1•1I i1,; 11:<1·fuln:•"" i11 Iha!. i1. w1111lol 1.h1•11 

h11\'1• l11•1•1111111·11 l.11 p1il1li1· i11sp;•1•1.i1111: i?1,.!.1·ad. hi' ;:a1·1· it 1i11.h1• :'\:!\',\', 

Till• 1·l!i1·i1•111·~· nf 1 lw 1h·1·i1·1• 11111y '"' 11111r1· ful!~· n.p11r1·1·i11 li·cl fr11111 .'' 

:111111•1111·111. 111:11IH l11•f11rc• 1111' 1·11111111ir!1•1· 1h::·:n~~ 1111' l11•:1ri11;_!:< 1111 1.h1" 

hiil wl1i•·l1 j,; 11111111•11 "" r .. 11 ........ : 

T""arol 1111' 1·1 .. I .. r 11!1' \\'urlol War :1 •li:1pa11·!1 fr••lll 11 ili1'l"111111i1: m.:m11 in 

(" .. p,·:•!1:1L:.•·11 r1·p•1rt1•-I 111:1!. c:upi•'" ur nil r:•l·l•·:ic w1•ro:.· r1·a1•hi1n~ B1:rli11 :11111 :11\ w1·r•.• 

!u·ini: d1•ripl11•r1·1I 1•s1:1•J11 11:11 . .;1• in :\':I''')" 1·i;•!11:r. 

Thi" hill pr1J\' iil1•,; fnr lo11;.:-cl1•l 11,\'l'cl 1·1~11! :11~11 .. :d inn fur II 1 Ir\' i1•1• \\' hi1·h 

1l11ri11!! tl.1,• \Y111'll'I \\'111' \\'m:i 1.lw lon,;i,; 1•f !i:o• \111".\' 0.• "'·'·:111•111 11f :11•1·rl'I· l ~ 

C'l 111! 1111 I !!ll'll l l1 l1l:o!. 

. ----·-·· -.. -· ... ----·-··-· ·-·-···-·-....... ·- ··-
·~·- . 

\ ................... -': REF ID: A6684Q ') ·<···-"" 

2 CArT. I:l"SSELL WILLSOX 

Tl11~ X:1,·y D1•pnrt11wnt fn,·or;,: thi;; propos1•d lcgi;;l111inn us is indic11tcd h,· till' ll'tlt'r of thl' :31~cre111rv of tlw Nu,·y to the :::\peukrr c1f 

t.Jlt' 110\1,;e of H1•prl'~•·nt11tin~ wl1ich is hereby mude u part. or tlii,; 

rcpurt. 

x .• n· Dt:1·A11TMt:xT. 

11"11,/iingt.m, F~brt111ry 4, w.~.:i. 

Thl' SPt:.\Kt:11 ot· Tut: 1!01·~E ot· HE1•11t::>t:XTAl'l\'t:.~. 

11'11.•/ii,.gto11, /). C. 

!II\' Dt:All '.\111. SPE.•Kt:IC Tl11.·rc i~ tr:111.;111it11".I ht•rewith :\ dmft 11f •L pr..1p.:·~<'d 

bill for t 111.' rl•lit•f e,,f C:Lj.•I. Hu:>~cll \\'illsuu. L'11ih:d ~talt:s l':a,·y. Th<: 111·01.u:•,ed 

ll'gi:>l:1ti•:o11 pr._.,·idt·s that tl;c Sl·rrl't:Lry of 1!11~ Tr1::1:>11ry i:> a11thuriwd :111d dirccll'd 

tu Jiii.'' Cupt. Hus.;ell \\'ill~on, L:11ill-d St:Llc~ XII"."· out of nny 111nnc_,. in the 

Trea.;11ry uut 11tiicrwis(' 11pprupriatecl, the ~11111 of $15.lllllJ iu full ~cttlcmcnt for 11 

1•1•rtai11 i11,·t•11ti•.•ll Of liis U'l'd in cc•t111t'ctic•11 with \.he sceret c1.1111111u1iic:1ti1111 focilit.ics 

nf l·!te :\',.,., .. 

. C11pt:ii11 \\'ill~<.lll whilt• ~c:n·i111z tLt- ~c11 in I \JI Ii c'(•llCCi\·cd and rk~ig111?cl thi~ i11-

\'"t~11th··11 rdati11~ t.n tlw :ot1.•t•r1..·t'.'" uf :1a\'"1Ll cuu11111.111i1:ati1.1n~. and dt!\'"cl1.1pl."d it. in IB17' 

with.,ut. ~11gl,':l'Stiu11:>. idea~. ,·,r help from 1111y ... t.her pt:r~•Jll at any t :mt?. lie :•UIJmitkd the! iu,·e11t.i ... 11 I•) \.h(• :-.i:ffy ])('p11rt11..,11\. which ac:ceptt:d it in l!Hi. The 

i11\'"l:.•11tiu11 ha.s l.u~cn ll~t.·cl b\'" tlu~ ~:L\'\'" cnnt.i1111nu-;h· si111:L· tli:Lt tin1c. F1.1r reas•.'llS 

,.,f public polir:.'" it !111~ 111:\·~r lJ;,e11 p11ii:111t·r.I. Ca11i:ii11 Will~•)ll l111s nnf. in 1111~· w:1.'" 

dirt·l·tl.'· <•r indirc:etly. r,·ct•i\'t•d ""·'· C1.'t11pe11~al·i1111 ft•r Ids work i:i pr11duci111,': thi:> 

iu,·l~Iil·i•.1n. r1(•r fr,r its ~!sc In· thl' !\a.\'"\'" d11ri1uc a.:1d siucc the war. 

Thl' ~11111 ,,f ~15,1101), wi'1i"h t!1c ~:L\'~· D~p11r1.11w11t bdit:\'cs ~honld 1,.e nppr11-

priall'rl. is 1111.11'lc~t i11 t•n111pnri~u11 with the \'aluc uf the i11\'c11tio11 t•J the Gc.l\'l'l'll11w11t. durill~ the \\'1,rld \\'ur :.nd cJurirtlc[ the lti yt::Ll'S tlu:reu!tcr thut it h:1~ hl•en 

i11 C1:i11t irHlf•US l!Sl'. 

Th~ X1.--y Dcp"rt1111mt n·c•rn11ne11ds that the proposed lcgisl11tion be enacted. 

Siuccrdy Yf.•llr:::, 

0 

) 

.-:-··· ... -·-··::. -... - .···. ~ :. . J-- ·:· .. 

....... - .. ·------------- ..... -·--· .-..-- . . :;,. . ·-· ·--- -··· 
. •.-:.··-..... 

·· .... _ ..... __ .,..,..· 

74TB CoNOUll } 

Jae Session 

REF ID:A66840 . ·--· .. 

fMndar No. 835 

SENATE :{ RZPOll'l' 

No. 792 

CAPT. RUSSET ... L WILLSON, UNITED STATES NAVY 

MAY 13 (calendar day, JuNE 5), 1935.-0rdered to be printed 

l\fr. HALE, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, submitted the 

following 

REPORT 

[To accompany H. R. 5564] 

The Committee on Nn\'nl Affnirs of the Senate, to whom was 

referred t.hc hill (H. R. 5564) for the relief of Cupt. Russell Willson, 

llnited $t.ntes Navy, huving consi<lered the i-;111~·e, report it to the 

Senat.r. without 11111cnd111ent with t.hu rr.commcudation that. t.l1e bill 

do pas!>-. 

The purpose of this hill is to gi,·c Cuptain Willson $15,000 in full 

set.tlcment for a C"ertain invention of his used in connection '\\;th the 

secret. ro11111111nic111.ion fncilit.ics of the Nn\'V. 

This bill, if ennc:t.ed, would inn1lve nn 1uiclitional cost to the Go\'ernmcnt. of $1.5,000, hut t.he hill is recormi1cnded hy the Navy Department nnrl the commitlct\ feels t.hnt this is a just claim in VIew of the 

great. rnlue his invention has been t-0 thr. Navy. 

The H01.1i:.c re.port, whic.11 cxpl11ins this hill in detail, is hereby made 

a pnrt of tl1is report. 

lll.l!•1•t. So. 2'1, 74lh Coo~ .. l•l -•.J 

The C1:in1111ittec on Nnrnl AITitirH, to whom w1111 referred the bill (H. R. 55t;.t) 

for the rr.lid 11f Capt .. Rui;i.ell Willi<n11, U11itcrl St:1tcs l\1.l\'y, lul\·ing considered the 

1111mc, rep•.•rt ir. tn the H1>1111c with thc rccummc11dation that it rlo paRll. 

The pu rpo"e of tlrn 1fr11posed lc11:i,.latio11 i11 to 11:h·c Cnpt. Rmu!cll Willt10n, United 

Stnt.cl' 1'11\·~· 1 $15,000 iu full 11cttlcmc11t for a certain i11\"cntieon (If hi;; 1111erl in connecti1.1n wit.h the flllcrct com11111nicnti1111 focilitic>1 l)f the Na\'\·. . Thu ,·uhu: t" the Na\·~· 1t11d to the fl11vcrnmc11t of this 0

in\"entinn cannot be 

rnenl'ur.,,I in doll11r11 1111cl ccnt11. It" \'llluc to t:hc Government may lte judged by 

the fact that it was 11:md durirui: the \\'oriel Wrtr i11 nil diMp1ttchc11 between the 1'1.1\"Y 

Deprirt.mcnt 1111cl n11\"11l hea1.lq1111rtcrs in l..onrlo11, i11cl11clin1J tho11e conccrninp; lllO\'emc11t~ 11f t.rnm1port.s, where its l'Cc:rccy protect.eel thnui<ancls of lives 1111cl millions 

of olnllu r~ \\"1.1rth of propcrtv. Bcirui: awnrc of compnm'ti\"C cn11c with which C<"111fidenti11l 11"'l secret mcs111tgcs 

'l\"Cre i11tcrccptcd nnd clc,;oflcc.I h~· ur11i11tl11.1rizecl per111m1.1, Captain Wil111t111 co11-

ceivcd am! perfecter! this i11vc11tion whil<: 1.111 u tuur uf se11. duty in 1916. For 

.I 
L 

... -.. _ 

2 

REF ID:A66840 , ...... ,.-..... l 

.' '-· ..... _ .... 

l"Al'T. 1:1·,.:,.:1-:1.1. w11.1.;:11X, 1· xrn:11 :-T.\TI·:,.; X.\\"\" 

Cnpt11i11\\'ill""ll1.o1 l111\i'tl"p11r.,:ut.1•.I 1h1:< i11,·1·11:.i .. 11 w .. uhl h:I\"•• 1l•••l.r·1~·1•ol i1,. 11 .. 1oful111:d.-=. i11 1.hal. ii. w11:1ld thu11 ha\"1: i11.11•11 11111·11 1.11 1111!.!h: i11...:1•1;1•1:1•:1: ii1...:l.1·:1d. hi; .:,:l\"1: 

il ;_., l.!'U• ~:I\"\. 

·rh1• 1:1!h·11·l11·\· 11( ti:•· ·I•:,·;,.,. 111:" l-1• 111••r1• f11lh· :q•1·~···1·ia1 .• ·1! fr11111 :1 ... 1.ar.1:1111:111. 

11u1d1; l11•f·•r1• 1.!;.~ 1:11111111it.11•1: 1l11ri11~ • 111; lu:a:·i:n:=" 011 :; 1.hi:i: :1i!I \\"hir·I: i:ie •J•l••ln1f :u• 

J11ll11w • ...: ·· ·r .. wnrd 1.h1• 1·111 I •• ( 1.111: \\".•rid \\" :1 r a c! i:i:1 •:11,1·h ir· •111 :1 · lip!11111:1 ~.i•· :1111·111. in 

C11111:11h:u.:1m n•p .. rL1:d t.11:11. 1:11pi1·" 1.( all 1::11·~··• ""•·r·· r1·:11·:1i111t lkrlin a:i•I all w1:ro: 

t.1:i111: d1•,•iJ1l11:r1·d 1:x1•1•J•I· r.h11...:1• i11 X:l\·y dJ•i.••:-."" 

Thi" hill 11ri1,·i·l1•>' f.,r l111111-•l1·l:i~·1:1l 1: .. 111p1·11.<a1.1 .. 11 f .. r :1 •l1·\·h:i: wh"1ch rl:iriui: 1111: 

\\"11FJJJ \\":.1T n·:.1 • .,,; lJJ•" J~n~i. ... o[ JJ.lr ~..':.f.l"l ..... <rl .. .-l'.pl,, 1.l'H. ,,,[ ...ot.r:.t'ol'.r•l l"<"JUHUH.r..i.r·.:.t..t.f.t.rH,... 

Tiu: N:1,·~· IJ"p"rt11111111. fu,·.1r,c thi,.: pr0.1j .• ,.,. ••• 1 l•:1d,;lati·111 "" i:< i1:d1o::11. ... 1 I·~· t.h•! 

&:.ltt.'t" ,,[ tfo: •• 'it:Y'!CY~l..'tl'!" n( c!c« xn~·!' (o\ ~!(<: ~10.::1.t<:t' ,<( t!\•: Hun ... : .. c ((··~•!"l'"''l\(.:\<.i\"'•"' 

,.-#1icl! i.r #tt·l't·I·~- m:i•I•· a (t:trf. ,,( rlti" ret,.•rf 

~ATT Ut'.l'A~»l!.JtT, 

U'-r1,.},i~«. F.w_.-9 .$. 1:~.t-~. 

Tl1e ~1·1:.ua:11 <1F T1n: 11111:.,..: 11F Hi::111i::11F.s1·.,Tl\'t: ... 

IF,,.l,i1111r.111, I.I. C. · 

M >: :O&AU l·h,. SN'.Atc J:M: Tlhlf'c i" u-aa..cuil-1i<,.1 lh<rw1;i1i. t1. •lmfl •.tf t1. !>i'o'l""""r 

hill rnr Lh1l ro:lio:f .. r C:Lpl. u ........ ,11 \\'"ill•1111, 1111it1:ol ::::.:11 .• ,,. ~n\·~·. Thi: pr""""•l•I 

lugi,clut i•'ll pr11\"i1lu,c 1.hat. 1.111: ::'1wr1:1.nry .. r I.Im Tro:u .. <11r~· i:< a:il hurit.i:il an•I 1lir1:rli:•I 

t.• I'"~· C8pl. Hu""''" \\'ill,.,111, Vi11i1i:1I ::'1:111:" ~IL\".'"· uut. uf tLll.'" 111o.1111:.•· in t.111: 'rri..:1L1<11r~· uul 111.h1:rwi,.1: 1q111rupri1Ll.1:ol. 1.h1: •11111 ur $li"1,llUll in full "•:ll-l1:111•ml. fur a '~:rluiu i11\'u111.i1111 uf hi,. 11:11•d ia 1•111111111:th'11 witt1 ;.lu: :oe1:1·n:t. ':1111u111111ir:nt iuu f:Ldli1 i1:~ 

uf I.hi: N 1L\'\" 

C111't11in ·wm .... 11 whil1• i<en·i11~ :•t· "':a in l!•lrl 1:.1n111.1i\"l:•I and i!1:,ci~m:•I 1.hi,; in- - •·1mti1111n:l8ti111,:111th1:111:.·r.:1:~· uf 111n·al 1••11111111:nii:u1i1111,;, awl ol1:\"1:l11pi:il it. in l\•17 

wit.huut. "1111:!(1:,.tiun,c, i•h:IL,., ur lu:lp fr111n :Lii.\" 011.h•:r l"'r,;un al an~· 1i1111:. Iii: 11nh111ill•:1l lht: i11\'i:nti1111 "'' thi: !I01L\"\" l).:part.1mm1. whu:h :•i:•'•'l>l•"' it. in 1!•17. Tin: 

inn111t.i1111 h11,; hc~m 11,cnrl h•· th1: x,.,.,. 1·11ntinn1111i<h- :<im:u that. tinu:. 1:·,.r n:1L.•111111 

uf IJUhli1• l"•li1·~·. it. h:L• llll\";•r ........ 11ai.mrl<:1l. en,,iain wm ...... lur.11 ..... i11 an~· w:·~·. 

1lim.:t.I\· or imlin:r:t 1~·, nw1•in:1I ILll\" 1•u111111m>111t inn for hi>I wurk i11 pn1ol111:i11g I.hill 

i11•·1mtl1111, 1111r for ii .. 11,ci..: h~· I-he ~•L•·~· .-lurinii: an.·I ,;inm: t.h1•"w11r. 

Thi: ,cum 11f $tr..llllll, whi1:h 1h1: Nin·_,. l).:p11rtn11:n~ li1:li•:\"I:" :<h1111hl ho 1Ll'J•m11riuh,.I. i11 111111l1~~t in 1:01111;11Lri.<,1n \\"ilh llu• •·ahu: of Lhl"l irn·1m1 iun 1.11 t.h1: On\·1:rn1111mr. •luring Lim W11rl1I \\' ar mul 1l11rin1t t.lu: Ill ~·m1r11 I hi:r1::Lfh:r 1.h1Lt it. hm• hi:1m. 

in i:<1nli111101111 11110. 

T!n: ~"'·~· Di:part.111.-int. rticl•mrnc110l11 t.h:ir. the l'"''l'"~·:1l l1•1ti,clat.iv11Iii:1:n1•1:h:11I. ~inm~n:J,· ,·.11an1 1 

· • C1 .. u:ui:: .-\. ~wAs:sus. 

0 

........ -... ·-··-·----

·."\ 
REF ID :A66B4q·-:-.: 

. '~--" 

(1"1&n'ATt:-Nn. 7!,_';"4·r11 Co~1lnt:1111J 

Ill. IL. 1'11i1i4l 

A:-: .\C'I' 

.... , the rt.:liir.:F .. r C111•"'1i11 IC.111tM1;ll Will111111, lfoiw-1 ;q!A!.o'" N:n·y. 

lie it ,.,,,.,./,:1/ ''.'I U•r. ."i.;1111(1: '""' //,"""'' •.•/ /,•,,,,,.,:~··1·l·1li1•,·11 .. / 1./11: 

l,/,,;1,.,/ Slt1t111 11j .·I 1111·1·i •• .,, ;.,. 1:111•11•~:,,,. 1111 .. •:111l1l··•I. Timi. 1111: $1:cr•·· 

IHI'\" ,,f Iii•: T1·1m,.111·\· 111•, :mil h•: il4 l1··=···l1\", 1111lh11ri:~·il unol ~lirfl1:l1•1I 

Lo jm\' 111 ('11pt11i11 lf1::."l0.1ll \\"ilb11111, 1:11i1~:i1 ~l11h:14 San·. 11111 .. r all\' 

11111111·~· in 11111 T1~·-1-:1ry 11111. 111l11•rwi.i1• :ippr11pri:1h:11: 1111: 1111111 .;r 

$1!"1,111111 in full ,;1·lll .. 11.1·11L fur hi" i1n·1·11ti1111 whi1·l1 lrni' l.H:1.m 111:rcph.:1I 

1,,. lhc.: x .. ,.,. I h:pnrl1111•11L for 111111 i11 c1111111,.:L!1111 with mn·11I c11111-

11i1111i1:11I i1111 f1wiliti1•11 • 

• \11:1111,·eil1 J11111.: 13, l!l:S!;. 
l .. 

.. -........ REF ID:A66840 

\ i 

'~··--·"" 

i f1Tll ('1"1Sm1t:ss l 

'"'' ·"•:ll.rt;,,,, f ~l::NATF: 

Calendar No. 

{ 

539 

lb:1•1111·r 

'Xo. ii26 ======~- :=============·-

l\·IAliDE P. GIU:Sl·L\~I 

Mr. \VA1.s11, fmm th1! C11111111i1.t.11t! on N11\"11I Alf11i1·~, o111limitt.cil I.he 

folluwi ng 

HE "POU'l' 

Thr. C11111111ill1!1! on :'1111\"111 .\lf11i1·11, Lo wh11111 w11"4 r1:forrml 1.lm liill 

(:'i. 14;i:o for t.111' roliof·of M1111ilo I'. <:1·1•!:11111111, hn\·ing con.iidnrt•~I t.ho 

KllllllJ, r1!1111rL f 11 \"11r11 Iii.\' tl11~r1:1111, with 111111!11il men I., 11111 I, 11.i 111m•111lcd, 

rcc11111111c111I thu t tho hill du p11NH. 

Amcmrl tlui l1ill us follow;;: 

PiiJ.!'O I, li1m ..; tj to l:ol indu;;in:, st.1·ilw out. t.h1• following: 

l'\11•·.•·. uut •1r 1&11.•· 11111111:.•· i11 th1: Trrnuu1r.•· 11ul ••tlll'rWiNC 111111r•111ri11L111I, t.lm 1111111 ur $15,111111 in mil Kutth:1111mL rur t.l1u h•l•: CJ.,111111m11h:r \\"illimn )o". t:ru1d11u11°K iu\"Ulllhlll 

Wf1i1:h f111K. 

•• :\111J im11:1·1. in lin11 1.he1·1111f tlm following: 

N11··~·. Lh•: Klllll 11r $M,7iill 111111 t.u ""'"'" !\I. llri111:11ll '·'"' Klllll "' $tl,:!r10, 1111( or 1111~· 11111111:,\" ill 1111: Tr1m,.1ar~· 1111L uLl11:rwiNt: 111•1'rt11'1"i11t.i·1I, !11&i1I !llllllK .... ''" in rull 111111 

cu11111lo·L,• 1<nl.llo:111•:nl "' 1lll •:l11i111K h.•· 1<:1i•l 1111rlii:i& mmi111<1. 1.111: linil.1:11t-llnt.1:1111ri11i11ic rr .. 111 Liu: i11\"1mli11n "' th•: h1t1: c .. 111111111ul1:r \\'illi11111 ..... Grt:Klllllll whic:h K11i1I 

iu\·1.:11ti1111 f11&H. 

Amend tlm ti r.h! uf thn hill Hfl 11.>I to m1iil: 

A l1ill ror th•: r1:lii:C of .M11urlu I'. Gn:Nh11111, 111111 fur r1tl11:r 1111r1ir'"''"· 

'l'lan 1111rp11!11! of lh11 hill i1:1 to pny to tlm wi1l11w ur Um lut.11 C11111n111111lc•r 

Willinm I•'. (in:shnm, linilt!cl s1~1LllH N1L\"Y1 Lim !111111 of $8,i!ill nnd t.o A~nciK M. l>ris1·111l the Klllll of $1i,~iill in full nml c:11111plul.c! sol-lfomunl. or nl11il11illlK h.V Kliill piirl.ill."I llJ?Hinst. I.hi' (:nit.ml i:;t.nt~·~ ILl"iKill~ fl"lllll tho 

in \"1•11 tion 11f 1.111' lute! Cm1111mnclc!r \Villi11111 I,.. (.i111fllm111 whi1·h lms h1•un 

1Lr:cc!11tc•1I 11~· tl11• :'\11\·y 1)c:1mrt11m11l fur 11s11 in c·o11111•cl.i1111 wit.h lllL\"1LI 

l'llllllll llllil'.1i 1.i1 Ill fucilit.i11!1. 

Tim l1ill \\"11K int.n11l11e•l'cl at. the! n•111mflt, of t.llf! N11\"Y l>1•p1Lrl.111011t. 

Tim 1>1:p111·t111nnL st1Ll.l!K t.lml tho hill is iM 11c:1111r1I with th11 prni.trnm of 

tlm l'ri:sirlm1L uncl i11\·11h·l's 1111 111l1liti111111I r:usl to Lim <.i11\·1·r111mml of 

$1 r.,111111. • (.;1111111111r11l1•r ( irnsluun ill\'l'lll.011 11 1lc!\"icl' t.h11t i:runtlv i11c1·nusml Liu• 

ellic:im11:y of un important. purt. of Liil' lllL\0111 c:c11111111111lc1Lli1111 s111·\·ir~:. 

} 

-----·· .. ·-. -·- -·-···-- ...... ··- - ··-. 
" ... I 

I 

..._ __ ·-·- ·- - ..... ·---···-···-··---···· ·- -..... 

.. 

REF ID:A66840 ! 

.............. _.;,._.,,../ 

2 

Thi,; il1·,·i··1! w:1,.: 11f ,.:111:h 11 i,;1•1:rl'I. 111;•1 1•1111lirl1•111iul 1111t.11rr•. 11111l 1•f ,;111·h 

i111p••l'l.n111·1: 111 tlll' \nti111111I 1.ld1lll,;1:. thut. thrl :\II\'\' l>1:p:;rl111n111. 1:1111-

li.~1:11:1•11 it. i11r 1111• 1•x1:l11,;i\'1' 11,;1• 11i 1h1• !\:I\'\' 111i;1 11r11•.·1•111t·il C11111-

111:1111l1·r f.;n:,;l.11111 fr11111 .. i11:1i11i11:,!11 p111.1·111. 1.lmi·1·1111. II" thi,; i11\'1•111.i1•11 

11:111 1,.., ... pnl,.1111•d ii,.: 11s1·f11hll'"" wr•11l1l h11\'1• l1rn•11 1lc•,;l,r11,\'111l, '~" it. 

w1111l'.I 1.h1•11 h11\'I' '""'II 11111·11 I•• p11lili1· i11,.p111:l.i1111. 

l'n11r 111his1h•n1h. I '11111111:111111·1' ( i1"1•sl111111 r1•rt111'slrnl 1.lo111. 111' In• 1·11111-

p1•11,;111t·1l fur hi,.: i11n·111i1111 i11 11 ... 111111111111. 11f =:;:m,111111. l'p1111 r1wc·ip1. 

111' his r1·•111••s1. 1lw :-'1•1·r1•1.:1r.'· 1•f 1.111• \11, .. ,. 1·1111\·1:1m1I 11 lu111r1I 11f 1.hrc·1: 

11lliP1•r,; 111 r1•1·111111111'111I lhn 111111111111, 111' 1•11111p1•11;:111 i1111 l.11 Ire: p11i1l 1.11 

l.'1111111111111l1•r I ;r1•slr11111. Tiii' l11111ril 1'11111111. 11ft.1·r 1·11rl'f11I rn111q111ri,.:1111 

111' I '111111111111cl1•r I in•sh11111',. i11\'1•11l.i1111 wi1.h 1•11rli11r 111111 silllilnr ii1•\·i1·1•,;, 

1.11111. ii :,!r1:111l_,. i111·r1•11,..1•1I 1.111• 1•lli1\i1l1ll'~' 11f 1111 i111p11r1.11111. 1·1111q111111•11I 

pnrl 11f 1111' 1111,·111 1·111111111111i•·nli1111 ;;1·n·ic:c• 111111 1.h111. ~l:"r,111111 \';1111lcl Im 

11 fuir r1•1111u•1u•11l.i1111 llll'r1•f11r. 

'1'111! \11,·~· l>c·p:irl.1111•111.1111:< rc•1•1•111.ly 1·11111l•ll'l·rnl 11 f11r1.hc·r i11\'l'i;l.i:,:11-

1.i1111 i11111 1.1 ... 11111111•r unrl is 11f 1.111: op:11i1111 1.11111. C1111111111111h:r I irc•,;h11111 

wn;: 1.1111 s11l1· i1"·1•11111r 11f t.lm d"'·i1·1" 11111.1.11111 1.hc! r11111l1111m11t.nl 1·r~·p1,11-

:..:rnphi•.: pri1wiph•s wl1i1·h t.h1• 11111d1i11ci w11:< 1l1•,;i::1mcl 1.111•111pl11\' 11r1.1l111lil,\' 

wn,; r11111·,.j,·1•cl i.,· '.\Ir,.:. I lri,.:i:11ll 111111 1lisd11,.:1•il i.,· lu:r l.11 C111111111111il1•r 

I ir1•sl111111. Tl ... · ,·11111111it11•1• is 1lwr11f11rc• 11f 1.l1c'· 11pi11i1111 1.l1;1I. ;\lrs. 

I lri;;1•11ll',; rii:h1s 1111il i1111•r1•s1 .... i11 1.l11l i11\'l'lll,i1111 11rc• s11list.11111.i11ll.\' 1•1p111.I 

111 1h11s1• 11£ I '1•11111111111l1•r I ir1•slm111 111111 1.hnl ,;l11• i..; .. 111i1.l1•cl I.•.• n fuir 

p1•r1·1•11l.11:,!•' 11( n11y 1·111111w11s11li1111 whic·h 11111,\' Ion i:rn111.rnl 111 '.\!rs. 

lir1•"'l111111. Tiii' 1•11111111ilti:1•. 1l11•r1•f11rc•, r1•1•111111111•111ls 1111 11111 .. 111111111111. 

i:rn111i11i: '.\Ir.:. f;r1•.:l111111 1.h1• :011111 11£ $s,;r,1111111I '.\·lrs. l>ri:o1·.11ll tlm ,;11111 

•.• r *'1i.:!:,11. 

l'n~'llll'lll of 1•11111111·11s:11.i1111 iu lik1· 111111111111. 111 f'upl. H11,.:sdl \\'ils1111, 

li11i11•.I :-'t.11ll'S \:I\'\', r .. r 1111 i11\'1'11lio11 whirh il11rim! I.Im Worlcl Wur 

w:1,. 1h1• liu,.:i,; of 1.f11: \a,.,.·,. s\',;l.•llll of ,.:1\1\l'c:I. r:1111i1111111ii:11t.i1111s, wn~ 

n111h11ri1.1·il 111111 ilir,.,.,,.,j 1.,: 1.111."111·1. 11f .l1111n 1:t l!I:~:.. · 

Thi· •:u111111i1.11•1' 1111" i11,.:p;••:l1•rl 1lii,.: i11,·1•11ti111111111l lmli1•\'1::< t.11111. iii,; 11f 

!!1'1':11 \·:.1111• : .. tl11• ( i11\'1•r111111•111. in 1•1111111•1·t.i1111 willr 1.lm !"111'1'1\I. r:111111111111i-

;:111i1111 f:ll'iliti1·s ,.f th1· \:I\',\' 111111 j,.: 111' 1.h., 11pi11i1111 thut., 11lt.lr1111;,!'h 1.hn 

,·111111• ,.f 1his i11\'1·11ti1•11 111 1111• ( ;,.,·1·r111111•111 1::11111111. l1r. 1111•11s11ro.I in 

rli•llnrs :nid 1·1•111"'. $1:"1 1111111is11 fnir c11111111!11,.::1t.iv11 1.lll'r1·f11r. 

0 

I 

.- ~· ,; . 

. -- ·-·-·-- -·---- . 
';."n·n ( '11'."mn:ss 

,,., ..... ,.,.;,,,, 

REF ID:A66840 

} 11or:-;1-: OF HEl'H1-:s1·:'.'\T.\Tl\' l•:s { lb.l'URT 

'.'\II, JO!l!I 

:'\f.\l.ll1': P. lilU:!'\11.\:'\I .\XI> .\li'."\1-::-\ :'\t. l>IUSl'Ol.I. 

.h·:o: :.!4, 1n:1; .. l'un1111itt1•1l lo lb• C',.111111ilh•1• of 1111' \\'huh· 111111 .. 1• 11111111r1l1•r1·•I 

lo 111• J1ri1111••l 

~Ir. ( 'on·1-:t: of \\"11shi11i:to11, from tlu• ( '11111111it11•1• on ( 'lnims, i<uhmit h•1I 11 ... f111l11" inl? 

HE PO HT 

ITu :u•ru111p;111~· S. I ·l.i:l I 

'1'111' l '0111111i11t•t• 1111 ( 'l11i111s, 111 "1111111 ''Ill" rl'f1•1Tl'1I 1ht• hill ,:-:;, 1.1.-.:n 

for 1h1• rt•lit'f of '.\fnmlt• I'. (irt•l"hum. h11\ in!! 1•1111,.i1h•1·1•1I 1h1• >'111111•, 

rt•,1111·1 1ht•r1•1111 with 1h1• 1·1•1·01111111•111l111i1111 th111 it 1111 p11,.s "i1h tl11• 

Co 1 .. ,, inμ- 111111•11tlmt•nts: 

1'11μ-t• I, lint• ti, st1·ikt• 11111 tht• tii:11r1•s "l:'S,';;,tl"' 111111 inst•1·t in li1•11 

tht•rt,.,f "tilS,ti!ltLi;i". 

l'nl?t' I, lint• 11, 11ftt•r lht• 1111111t• "( ;n-.1111111", in,.t•rt "111111 .\!!Ill's '.\£. 

I> 1· is1 ·11 II," . • \mt•ntl th1• till.• of th1• hill to 1·t•111l: 

.\ hill fur tht• n•li1•f of :\11111111• I'. C lr1•,lm111 :iu<I .\1t111•, :\I. I lri,1·1•11. 

K'l',\1"t:'.\H:ST ,,.- t".\l"l"l'I 

.\ti lllllt'IUlt•1I, this hill Jm1\'icl1•s for tlu• llll~"llll'lll of )!IS,ti!lll.;j;, to ~lnmlt• I'. (ir1'!'lh11111, witluw of\\ illi11111 F. (ir1•shn111, Inti• 1·1111111111111lt•1-, 

l'nih•tl l'\lntl'!'I '."\n\·~·. :11111 tlll' t111111 111' l:'li,:.?.-111 to .\11μ-1•s '.\L l>ris1·111l, in 

full nml rmnplt•tt• s1•ttlt•1111•11t uf 11!1 1·lui111s h,\' snid pnrl it•t1 n1?ni11"t tht• 

1·11i1t•1l l'\1111t•!'I nrisinμ- fr1•111 tlu• i11\·1•111io11 11f th1• ln11• ( '011111111111lt•r 

\\'illinm I•'. ( irt•t1l111111 111111 .\!!111•s '.\L l>ris1·111l, "hid1 i11H11t ion h1111 

111•1•11 n1•r1•ptc•1l h~· lht• '."\11\.\' l>1•11111·t 1111•111 fur .. ,.,. in 1·11111w1•tio11 "ith 

nnn1I 1•111111111111i1•11t i1111 fall'ilit i1•s. 

'!'ht• inn•11ti1111 h1•r1• 1•11111111•11.,.1111•11 f1•r 1111" nut h1•1·11 'i1•w1•1l h,· \'our 

1•11111111i1tc•1• 111111 its t'\;ll't rrnt11r1• i" 11111 (,1111'" n, hut th1• 'in\'~· 1;1•j1111"t11ll'11 t st 11 II'" t 111: t 

It l(n•ntl.' i11t•rt.•:1!'11 11l th1• rlli1·11•1w.' of 1111 i111p1•rt:u1T 1·.1111p1 1 111·111 Jt•arl 11( tlu· 1::.1\:.ll 

e11111111111ti•·11li1111•1·n·i1•1•11111l th:1t s1.·1,tltlll ""'1lol "":I f:11r 1·•·111111 "':1tu111 llll'rdur. 

A si111il11r tindin!! 1111,. h1•1•n 111111lt• l1y tin• ~1·111111• C '11111111ill1"1• 1111 '."\11\111 

.\tl'nir:<, \'.hi1·h \i1•\\1'1I tlll' i11n•11ti1111, :11111,,hi1·h1'111111.I thut .\:.::111•s '.\I. 

l>ris1•111l nssist1•1I in tin• tlt•si!!ll 11f r1•r1:1i1111f it" 1'1111d111111•11t11l pri111·iph·"· 
-:.:····-::.·:.J--·•- ... .... . .. . --···-·-- ·-·---- - --·- . 

! 

I. 

I 

·-----------

--....... 

' ·.. ,,-' ··-... _. 

2 

REF ID:A66840 . .......... "'""'. 

'·--·-... / 

Tlll'rdort!, 1111• hill i111:l111h?S un nwurcl 1.mth lot.hr. widow of Commnnclc~r 

G1·1~shnm 11ncl to Mrs. Driscoll 1111cl t.hc p11ymcnt of tlmsr. cl11i11111 is 

i;i111il11r to thr. nC"t.ion t.nkc•n h~- the C1111i,:rN-1s in conner:ti1•11 wit.la 111101.hr.r 

1111\'nl in\'u11lio111111cler l'ri\'ntu Lnw l\'o. i!I, guven1.y-fo11rt.h Cong"r(':;S. 

It. will he• nolr.cl thnt. thr. r11111111il-lc!r. 1111!'1 r1Hl11cNI t.lic pn~·1111•.11t tn 

M r11. < irc•sh11111 hy $:i!l.4r1, which sum w1111 o\"c!rpniil t.n her h11!<l1111ul 

1111 11 1·rnl11I 11ll11w111u·e 111111 w11s t.lw s11hjc1:l. 11£ $. t:H:~. l'rin1tr. Lnw 

'.'lio. Sli, S1:,·1mt.y-fift.l1 Conl!l'r.11!<. 'l'hnt lnw 11111.horiiwd IL crr.ilit in thr. 

ncc111111t.,.; of the disb11r11ing onic:er who 1111uln U1r. p11ymm1t to Cm11-

1111111ch•1· (ir1~shn111. At the t.inw, v1111r c·.11111111il.lm~ endr.nvnmcl to 

l!SCt!l"l-nin wh,v t.111! on~rpn,\·nwnt W1L~ nol. collect.ml from Co1111nimcler 

(irc•sh11111, nntl thn D1•1111rt11ll'nt retllie1I ll111t !'l11ch net.ion wns 11s1111.ll.~· 

tnkm1 hut. t.h11t thr 1111ic1ff's clc!nt.h hnd pr1•c:h11ln1l it in the cn.sc in 

q1wsti1111. :\,.; l·lll' 11ish11rsing' ollici:r wn!< hdtl liuhln for t.lw pat~·mcnt, 

t.l1is c11111111itt.rl' n•cc11111111•111lr.1l 1111~ hill, tlw m·i1lm1cc tlisclc.1si!lg t.hnt it 

wn11 mnch~ without 11t!glii.:enco on hi!'I pnrt ancl prior t.11 his mceipt of 

c1•rt.11i11 pcrti111•11t. instructions. Yonr ·commit.t.1~1· is nnt. uttempting 

to tnkr. n :o111111ll posit.inn with rcgnrcl to thr. $;i!l.45 o\·crp1iyment, hut 

it is con!'lt.rninr.cl to the opinion thnt it should hnrn hnm1 rn£un1lcd to 

the Go\·-~rnnwnt. 1~it.hr.r hv C111111111111dr.r Grrshn.111 or his 1i>1tnte~ und consr.c11w11tl~· we c1L11 Slle 'no rr.nsun whv it sh1111lcl not. he rcco\'lircd on hl~lmlf or till' Gon~rnnrnnt. The 1lcchict.ion lwrc rn1ule 1iccomplishcs 

thn.t purposr. 

"Furt.luir fnc:t.,.; rdntfre t.o tlir.i;1r. claims nppcnr in the report of the S1mn.t1~ Cornmittuc on :\11n1I AIT11irs nnd n letter from tho NIL\"V 

Dcp1u·t-1111•11 t, hot h nppcn1h'1l 

The Cor11111i1.te•., 1111 X:L\"ul Affair,., tu whvrn WW< ri:forrc"l tl11! hill (8. 14:">3) for 

'"" ri:li1·r .. r l\·lauch: r. Crusl11L111, hlL\"illW: i:1111si1!,•r1:1I t.11.: Mll.1111!, r1:1•11rt r1worshl~ 

llll'rt•1111, with 111111•1,clnu,nt~. tL111I. 1Ls tLllll!llllt:1l, rt•1:1111111u:111I thnt tho: hill rl11 pass. 

Allll!IHI I hi! hill as r.,11 .. ws: 

P1LK1! 1. li111: Ii l•• ~ i111:l11si\·,:, .. t.riki: 11ut the f11ll11wi1111:: "Nu,._,., out 11£ any rnonc~ 

in th" Trl!11s11r_,. ""' oUu:rwi"'' :Lppr11priuh:<I, tlu: ~11111 0£·$lr1,000 i11 £11ll t<1:ltlt•1111ml 

for lht! !:1h: C1111111m111!.,r \\'illimn F. Ciri:slmm'.< i11,·1mt.in11 whi1:h IULs". 

A11<1 i11,.l'rl in lit•u 11 .. ,..,,,r I-hi! f111!11wi1111:: "N1"·'·· 1111, 1<1111111£ $~,7:,0 111111 t.11 Aii:ncs 

l\·1. llri~rull th•· sum 11£ $1i,2i"1tl, 1111t. 11£ 1111,· 1111111;:,· in t.lu: Tr.,1L.<11n· 1111t 11t.lmrwis1: 

1Lppr11pri:1l.ml, >'Iii<! >'lllllS t-11 I.it~ ill rn\I ILll;I i:<.>111pi••l.: sdtfonumt ,;£ :ill cluims hy 

"1Li1I p:irti"s nu:ai11st thi: li11il-1"l ::lt11t.1•s nrisi1111: fr11111 tlu' i11\'o:nti1111 of the h1t-c 

Cu111111m11lur Willinm F. Gresh11111 whii~h said i11\'u11t.iom h:11•'. 

A1111:ml tlu: I.it It: .. r t.!11' hill "" IL>' t.11 rt::Ld: .. A hill £11r tho: rnlid nr !\I omit: l'. 

Crt?:d11'1n. a11•l fur ntlu~r p11rpu ... 1·s." 

Thr. p11r1"'"" .. r t.lw hill is 111 p11_,. h• th" wi1luw ur t.111~ lat.r. C.-11111111111rli:r \\'illi:m1 

F. Gr.•,.1111111. linit . .,ll ~1att-R Nan·. tlu: sum 11r Sll,i:"11l 11111! t.11 Agnr.~ l\1. Drisc•.111 tlu: 

Slllll IJr $fi,2:"1() i11 r111l :L111l "11111p! .. :t-ll sl!lth:1111;n( or all clnilll" h.I' 0N11i1l 1mrtit:" lllU1i11~t 

tlm li11it1:1l :-lt:ih:s 11risi1111: fr11111 tl11: i11\'1:nt.iu11 or t-h•: lat" Co1111rnu1ll"r \\'illi11111 F. 

Grt•slmm whii:h hn.< h1•1•n°1Ll'C1!pl-1:1l h_,. the: Na\'y l.lt:pnrtmt!lll fur use in c111111ci:tio11 

\\"ith lllL\"UI co1111n11nh~at ion f:u:ili1 i1:1". · 

Thi: hill wus i11tr111li11·•:il nt till! rl'fjlll'~I 11£ the Na\'y Dt:p11rt.111m1t. The Dt:purtlllt'lll Hl-nl-t•s t l1al- I ht: I 1ill is in n1:(•11r.l with I ho: pr11i:r11111 11£ 1.h1: l'rt!sicl.,nt 1111ol inn1ln•A an arlcliti111111l """'·to 1111: <.:11\'l!r111111•11t 11£ ~l:"•.Ollll. 

~ Co11!111,,111h•r Gro~sh:un i11,·1:11l•:ol :t dl'\"i1·., !-hat'. t.:ri::1ll.'·. ii11:ri;•~··•;•l t.liu. 1Th:ic11r.~ 

nr :Lii lllllJ••rtapf part of tin: 11:\.\"a.) 1:1!11lllllllllC'1Ll 11111 :ool!l"\"h:1•. I Ills if•!\"ICI~ WILS or 

:-ouch a :-Ot;1:r1.:t a.1111 1:1111ti•lt:11ti:LI 11atur1•, a.url 11r s111:h ilnpur1.a.111:•: t•• tlm 11a1i1111:LI 

1li-fo11so:, that lh•: 1':1\"\" l>·:parl.1111:11( C'.•.1111is.:ati:•I it r .... th" 1:scl11•in: """ 11£ tht: ~a,·y a111l pn~n!11tl~1I Cu1n111a111l1:r Cr1: .... h:Llll ir,1111 11lit.air1h1~ n pat.cut, 1.l11.:rrn111. [{ 

thi~ ill\'1!111-inn 11:111 h1•P11 pafrnlrnl its 11~d11ln""" wu11l1I h'I'"" lit:tm clc:sl-ruyccl. :is it 

w1111hl tli•.·n h:L\"l' hc:t:ll •.•Jll'll ti"• p11bli1: in=-p•.:t·ti1111. 

--------- -··--·- ··-·----·- -- ·--------·--·--··----··-·· -~-·· 

---·--·-····· ··-····----------------····-·· 
I, 

l 

-----------···--··-· -······--·-··· .. - .. 

r·· .. ---""\. REF ID:A66840 ; •, 

.._ ... ___ ) .......... ·- ~-····; 

3 

l'ri~1r _to Iii•. dc:u_th, Cu111111nm!,•r Gl"':sh:uu rL-<1m·.•tt'<I 111111 he he c111111w11sut.i:cl 

~:1r 111~ 111\"l'IJllVll l~I the lllllUU!ll uf S;$0.0UO. I "p•Jll rc•:eipt of hi• rt:qll.,Mt Liu: 

81?C'rct:Lrr Of the ~ ll'."Y l'Ull\"l•n•_'f! :L butt.rd of thrt.!•' 1.11fiecr:i (t) rt:t•1111111u.:111j thf! 

an1 .. 1111t <.•f 1·r1111pc11s11tk•11 to 1,.: rmid t~• Cv111111nmler Grc;l11u11. Tiu: hr,urd fu11rul. 

afti:r r.arcful cornpuris•.111 of C1.11111111rndt·r Gr•.·shum"• in•·c11ti•Jll with enrlio:r arid 

Ri111ilnr cln\"iCt~s, tluu it Krt·ta.t.ly incrt:bS'-"'I lh•.! •.!tlit-h.::11cy •.•f t1i11 i111Jl•1rta11t 1;1H11r1uru~11t 

purt uf tlw llU\"l•I 1·u111111u11icutiu11 s<:n·icc u111I tlu•t 515,000 wuuld he t• fair co111-

p1!11sation tht:rcf11r. 

The 1' .. ,._,. Dr.1.art1111'nt hi..; rcc·~111h· cuuductcd 11 further i11n.:.<liguti•111 i1111, the 

rnu.th:r lUlll is or till! 1.1pi11i11n tlu1ot l 11111111u.11d•.:r GrcHluuu WU.!" 1111; S•1I•..: ill\'l!llt.or 

of th'.; dc,·ice. h_ut tlmt th•: fu11rhu11c11tal r:ryplo~raphic pri1u·ipl"~ whir:l1 the 

11~11!'11111e wa~ dcs11111cr\ tu e111ploy J!r1,bahly w!1..~ C•)llt'<!in:d hy. Mrs. I >ris<:ull 1u1d 

1l1sclu>'erl b) h•:r tu C<11111111111rlL"T (.r•:>hhlll. f11•! C1Jll111Jltir:1; IH tl11·refr.r1; .. r llm 

npi11in11 thut Mrs. flri.-;coll"~ ri1d11s 1.1111 i11tcr•:st.1; i11 tl1e i11vr:11tio11 arr: ~11hst1.r1tiall•· 

cci11al to th11~c of Cu11111111111lcr Gr1"'ha111 a111I thlll sh•: iH •:r1litlccl l11 u fnir p1:rct:11l.1L1ote 

11f 1111)" co111pe11s11tiu11 which 111".'" 1,r lc(rblll.f.:d tu !'\frs. Gro;sham. Tl1•! 1;1m1111it le;,,, 

tl11•rd11rt•, rer.0111111e11ds i.11 amm1rlrne11t gri.11tin11: .\Irs. Grcsha111 th•! M11111 ur 88, ;;,o 

a11rl ~Ir ... I lri.<r;oll the Slllll o;f S•i.2.'"10. . . . 

l'nyrm:11t 1..C c11111pc1 .. mti1J11 i11 lik•: a111r11:11t t•• C11pt. ltui;.~cll Wil.«m, l:11ito;rl 

States Nu\")", for 1111 i11.-c11tio11 which rl11ri1111: th•! "'vrlrl Wur w"~ the: l111si~ •1f the 

Navy's s.n1Lc111 •)f secret curnmu11icatio11s, WILS auth,.rizi.:d tuu.I directed l.y the uct of ,June 13, 193;,_ 

Thu r.nmmittec has i11spcctcd this i11vc11tiu11 uurl t.r;lir:•"•!H that it is of ii;rr:at 

\"al11e to the Go\"CTlllllCllt iu CIJllllectio11 with th•: secrr,t co1111111111ir:ali•.•ll rar:iliticH 

or the Nu,·y Bwl is <rf the l)pinio11 thi.t, i.lth1,11gh the vuluc r1f thi11 ii"·1:11tio11 to till! 

Gu\"er11mc11t ca1111ut I.re 1111:asurcd i11 dull11rs l\11rl cc11LH, ~I i'1,000 iH o. foir cu111p1:11-

sation therefor. 

J'A\"Y DEPARTMENT, 

ll'aahinglt"'• /<'e/,r1rnr11 fi, l:J.~7. 

The SrEAllEK or THE Hot:sE OF REPKESJ::NTATl\'J::H, 

Wa•hir.gUm, fJ. C. 

MY DEAit MR. SPEAKER: There i11 tra11smitt.ctl h•!rewilh o. draft uf a propoi;cd 

bill for the relief of Maude P. Gresham. 

The purpose of this proposed lcgisli.tion is to 1iay to tl11.: widow uf the late Commander \\ illiam 1''. Gresham, United States N1u·y, the s11111 of srn,oou i11 foll 

11ettlemeut for an in•·ention of the lat.t: Cum1111111der GreHh"m wliich has l11:c11 

accepted by the Navy Department for UllC in co1111ecti1m with 1111.•·al cu1111111111ication facilities. . Prior to his death, Commander GrcHham rcquest.cd llu•t lac 1,., compe1u1at.cd 

for his in\·eution in the amount of $30,000. Upu11 rccr.ipt of thi1:1 requeHt the Secre- tarv of the Navy convencrl a IJoard uf three ofliccrs tu rl!Comrllf!lld Lhe a11111u11t r1f 

con1pc11satiln tu be pJ!.id tu Commanrlcr Gresham. The b<Jard found, after c11rr;ful 

compari1:1011 of Couamauder Gresham's i11\"e11tio11 with carlir:r 0.1111 si111ih1r devic•!l:I, 

that it greatly increased the cllicicmcy of an impurta11t c11111pu111J11t purl r,f U11, 

na\·al communication 11Cr\"ice and that $15,000 would be a fair cu111pe11satio11 

therefor. 

Payment ·of compensation in like amou11t to Capt. RuNMcll WillM1111, liuit<:d 

States Na\"y, for au invention was authorized a11d directed by the act uf .June 13, 

1935 (49 Stat.-). 

The proposed· 1egisl11tion, if enacted i11to law, would iu\'oh·c 0.11 additional 

expense to the Go\'urnme11t of $15,000. 

The Na\·y Department recommeucls that the prop!l>led legislatir,n be c11acted. 

The proposed lcgi11lation i11 in accord with the program of the Prc1:1idc11t .. 

Si11cercly youn;, CLAUIJE A. SWASl:IOS. 

0 

) 

1 

"Y 

---~-······ 
-----.... REF ID:A6684d ... 

(Pa1vATE .So. 26i 7.3TH CoNoaaaJ 

(l'H•PTEB 583-laT SamoxJ 

(8. 14531 

AN ACT 

For &be l'l'lirf o1 Maude P. Gft!llham and Apa M. DrileolL 

R' it "'"'"''"" l•.11 t/11• ,,,.,,,,,,, u111/ /Ju,,,,,. of H~p1-ellftlati,,_ of IM 

l"nitt'd .'i111f1'" ,,; .l 1111 ri1•11 ;,, t'u11~11·1·u w11w111hl1•1l, That the Set-retar1 

of tl1t• Tn•a!oury lit•, a111l Ill' j,., llt'naby, aulho1·i•oel and directed to paJ 

tn )l:amli• P. ti11•sl11u11. witluw uf Willia111 .... U1'l!llham, late c:om111a11tlt>r, l"11i1t•1l Stah•s X:n·y, th• 1mm of $8.600.55, and to Agneia M. 

llri:-1·011 1 ht• s11111 11f $6.:!:.o, out of any 11&01iey in t.hP 'freuur1 not. 

nllwrwiMt• :tp('n1pri11!t•tl, !o:litl sums tu (Jf' in full and t'OD1plet.e lettJe. 

1m•111 nf all l'laims h~· i-:lid iiar1i1•s llg".limll th1• Cnitt>tl Mtalell ari11i111 

r .... 111 th1• i11n•nti1111 of th" l111t• l'nmmnnd1•r William .... Ure11han1 anti 

.\,.:m•" '.\I. l>1·i,...·nll, "·hi1·h :-ai1I im·1•nt inn hAI' IJt't.•n &t't"J,fed b1 the 

X:n ~ l>1•1>111rlmt•111 for ""'' in t•n1111t>t'lion •·ith naval 1•omn1u11icalion 

f:i, i lit i1•": /'n•1·if/,·,/, Timi 1111 111u1 of I ht• 11111nunt apJ,",t,riated in this 

.\.·. in 1•x1·1·~ .. of 111 Jll'r "•11111111 tlll'11•uf !-hall bt• 1,a1d ttr deliverwl to 

••r "'•"''i''"I h\ :an\· 11~'\'lll 111· :&'""'Ills, attnr111•\" or attur111•\"ll, 011 IU.'tVUnl 

uf "'('I"\" j,-..,. n•11tl;•n•1I in l'Ullllt't"l iull with• i;aid c•laim." ft &hall be 

111ol:1\\ fol (111· 11.11~- •J.."'"' m· :IJ..1''111!', 11llnr1u•J or attornPyN, to f'l:~!l1 roil·,.,, \\"ithholtl, or ,.,.,,.j\"I' 1111~· !-11111 of tlt.. amount ap11ropria1e11 

h 1:ii ... \,•t in,.,.;,,·~ .. r 1n jit'r •""""'"' thrn•nf on IU't'01111t of .. rvic't'IR 

1· · :olt•1'\•1I in 1·1111111·1•1 inn with -:1i1I ··l11i111, 1111\· t•nntrart tn thr 0011tral"J' 

,,.,." i1h .. 1.1111i::.::. .\11~· 111•r .. 111 ,·inl11.1 i11,r thfl 111"11\"iNinnN of tl1iK Act 

,.l1.1ll l11• ,j,•,·!111 .1 ,:11111' " a 111i-.l1•!111•111111r 111111 111M1n tvnvit'lior1 the1"e0f 

i.11"111 lit• tin.••I 111 :111.' ~11111 nu· ,.,,.,.,.,1i1ig $1,llllU • 

• \JIJU'l'\"t'll, .\ua:n:-t I I, n1;;;. 

·- --- 
.. _,.,,.,,. . 

...... 

·-,.I.·-·· ..... ·- ·--·- -- ........ __ .... _ --·. -·- .. 

• .. ...-.. -.....;. 

-·- ·.~~ -===r====;=-===;:====->==cREF ID:A66840.-.......... ·--•._ I 

\.... ·-·. ··__; 

--·°:'!'· ... ~ 

..f" 

' '· -~-· } -~-_., 

~ ,- ,_ ,. k- tl-~ ~ ~ -

~- ~--9~J~ 

~1 ;fJ,--0· 

i 

, .· -· .... : ... ·