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TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT

NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING

ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM

FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

CHAPTERS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

CHAPTER 3. MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

CHAPTER 4. SCREENING ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 5. ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 6. ENERGY USE AND END-USE LOAD CHARACTERIZATION

CHAPTER 7. MARKUPS FOR EQUIPMENT PRICE DETERMINATION

CHAPTER 8. LIFE-CYCLE COST AND PAYBACK PERIOD ANALYSES

CHAPTER 9. SHIPMENTS ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 10. NATIONAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 11. LIFE-CYCLE COST SUB-GROUP ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 12. MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 13. UTILITY IMPACT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 14. EMPLOYMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS

REPORTS

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

TRANSFORMERS

REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

TRANSFORMERS

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 3A. CORE STEEL MARKET ANALYSIS

APPENDIX 5A. SUPPLEMENTARY ENGINEERING ANALYSIS RESULTS

APPENDIX 5B. SCALING RELATIONSHIPS IN TRANSFORMER MANUFACTURING

APPENDIX 5C. Q1 2005 MATERIAL PRICING ANALYSIS

APPENDIX 8A. LCC AND PBP RESULTS

APPENDIX 8B. UNCERTAINTY AND VARIABILITY

APPENDIX 8C. UTILITIES SAMPLE

APPENDIX 8D. LIFE!CYCLE COST SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

APPENDIX 8E. AVERAGE TRANSFORMER DESIGN PROPERTIES FROM 

LIFE-CYCLE COST MODEL

APPENDIX 10A. USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR SHIPMENTS AND NIA 

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SPREADSHEET MODEL

APPENDIX 10B. NATIONAL ENERGY SAVING S AND NET NATIONAL 

PRESENT VALUE RESULTS

APPENDIX 11A. LIFE-CYCLE COST SUBGROUP RESULTS

APPENDIX 12A. MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS INTERVIEW GUIDES.

LIQUID-IMMERSED, LV DRY-TYPE, MV DRY-TYPE

APPENDIX 12B. MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS SMALL BUSINESS 

INTERVIEW GUIDE

APPENDIX 12C. GOVERNMENT REGULATORY IMPACT MODEL (GRIM)

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION

APPENDIX 13A. NEMS-BT EXTENSION MODELING BEYOND 2025

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT ............................................ 1-1

1.2 OVERVIEW OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS .............................. 1-1

1.3 OVERVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER STANDARDS ............ 1-2

1.3.1 Process Improvement ............................................. 1-4

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT ..................................... 1-5

CHAPTER 2: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 2-1

2.2 BACKGROUND ..................................................... 2-4

2.3 MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ........................... 2-4

2.3.1 Market Assessment .............................................. 2-4

2.3.2 Technology Assessment ........................................... 2-4

2.4 SCREENING ANALYSIS ............................................... 2-5

2.4.1 Technology Screening ............................................ 2-5

2.4.2 Baseline Equipment ............................................. 2-5

2.5 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ............................................ 2-6

2.5.1 Design-Option Approach .......................................... 2-6

2.5.2 Efficiency-Level Approach ........................................ 2-7

2.5.3 Cost-Assessment Approach ........................................ 2-7

2.5.4 Other Regulatory Impacts on the Engineering Analysis .................. 2-8

2.6 ENERGY USE AND END-USE LOAD CHARACTERIZATION ............... 2-8

2.7 MARKUPS FOR EQUIPMENT PRICE DETERMINATION ................... 2-8

2.8 LIFE-CYCLE COST AND PAYBACK PERIOD ANALYSES .................. 2-9

2.8.1 Life-Cycle Cost Spreadsheet Model ................................. 2-9

2.9 SHIPMENTS ANALYSIS .............................................. 2-10

2.10 NATIONAL IMPACT ANALYSIS ...................................... 2-11

2.11 LIFE-CYCLE COST SUBGROUP ANALYSIS ............................. 2-12

2.12 MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS ................................ 2-12

2.12.1 Industry Characterization ......................................... 2-13

2.12.2 Industry Cash Flow ............................................. 2-13

2.12.3 Manufacturer Subgroup Analysis .................................. 2-14

2.13 UTILITY IMPACT ANALYSIS ......................................... 2-15

2.14 EMPLOYMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS ................................... 2-15

2.15 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .................................... 2-16

2.16 REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS ................................... 2-17

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CHAPTER 3: MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 3-1

3.2 DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER DEFINITION ........................... 3-1

3.3 PRODUCT CLASSES .................................................. 3-2

3.4 NATIONAL SHIPMENT ESTIMATE ..................................... 3-3

3.5 MANUFACTURERS OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS ................. 3-5

3.5.1 Small Business Impacts ........................................... 3-6

3.5.2 Distribution and Sales Channels .................................... 3-6

3.5.3 Import Duties on Core Steel ........................................ 3-8

3.6 TOTAL OWNING COST EVALUATION .................................. 3-8

3.7 VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS ........................................... 3-10

3.7.1 National Electrical Manufacturers Association TP 1 Standard ............ 3-10

3.7.2 Energy Star Transformers ........................................ 3-12

3.7.3 Consortium for Energy Efficiency .................................. 3-13

3.7.4 Federal Energy Management Program ............................... 3-13

3.7.5 Efficiency Vermont ............................................. 3-13

3.7.6 Idaho Power ................................................... 3-14

3.7.7 National Grid .................................................. 3-14

3.7.8 NHSaves ..................................................... 3-14

3.7.9 Northeast Utilities .............................................. 3-15

3.7.10 Seattle City Light ............................................... 3-15

3.7.11 Tacoma Power ................................................. 3-16

3.7.12 Two Rivers Water and Light ...................................... 3-16

3.7.13 United Illuminating ............................................. 3-16

3.7.14 Wisconsin Public Power ......................................... 3-17

3.7.15 Xcel Energy ................................................... 3-17

3.8 REGULATORY PROGRAMS .......................................... 3-17

3.8.1 Arizona Efficiency Standard ...................................... 3-18

3.8.2 California Efficiency Standard ..................................... 3-18

3.8.3 Connecticut Efficiency Standard ................................... 3-18

3.8.4 Maryland Efficiency Standard ..................................... 3-18

3.8.5 Massachusetts Efficiency Standard ................................. 3-18

3.8.6 Minnesota Procurement Efficiency Standard .......................... 3-20

3.8.7 New Jersey Efficiency Standard ................................... 3-20

3.8.8 New York Efficiency Standard .................................... 3-20

3.8.9 Oregon Efficiency Standard ....................................... 3-20

3.8.10 Rhode Island Efficiency Standard .................................. 3-20

3.8.11 Washington Efficiency Standard ................................... 3-21

3.8.12 Wisconsin Efficiency Standard .................................... 3-21

3.8.13 Burlington, Vermont Efficiency Standard ............................ 3-21

3.8.14 Proposed State Efficiency Standards ................................ 3-21

3.8.15 U.S. National Energy Bill - EPACT 2005 ............................ 3-22

3.8.16 Canadian Efficiency Standard ..................................... 3-22

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3.8.17 Mexican Efficiency Standard ...................................... 3-25

3.9 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ........................................ 3-30

3.9.1 Distribution Transformer Types .................................... 3-31

3.9.2 Transformer Efficiency Levels ..................................... 3-31

3.9.3 Transformer Losses ............................................. 3-33

CHAPTER 4: SCREENING ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 4-1

4.2 DISCUSSION OF DESIGN OPTIONS ..................................... 4-1

4.3 DESIGN OPTIONS NOT SCREENED OUT OF THE ANALYSIS .............. 4-3

4.3.1 Conductor Materials .............................................. 4-3

4.3.2 Core Materials .................................................. 4-4

4.4 DESIGN OPTIONS SCREENED OUT OF THE ANALYSIS ................... 4-5

4.4.1 Silver as a Conductor Material ..................................... 4-6

4.4.2 High-Temperature Superconductors ................................. 4-6

4.4.3 Amorphous Core Material in Stacked Core Configuration ................ 4-7

4.4.4 Carbon Composite Materials for Heat Removal ........................ 4-7

4.4.5 High-Temperature Insulating Material ............................... 4-8

4.4.6 Solid-State (Power Electronics) Technology .......................... 4-8

4.5 SUMMARY OF DESIGN OPTIONS SCREENED OUT ....................... 4-9

CHAPTER 5: ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

5.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 5-1

5.2 STRUCTURING THE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ......................... 5-1

5.2.1 Summary of Design Line Coverage .................................. 5-7

5.2.2 Scaling Relationships in Transformer Manufacturing .................... 5-9

5.3 TECHNICAL DESIGN INPUTS ......................................... 5-12

5.3.1 Design Line 1 Representative Unit ................................. 5-18

5.3.2 Design Line 2 Representative Unit ................................. 5-19

5.3.3 Design Line 3 Representative Unit ................................. 5-20

5.3.4 Design Line 4 Representative Unit ................................. 5-20

5.3.5 Design Line 5 Representative Unit ................................. 5-21

5.3.6 Design Line 9 Representative Unit ................................. 5-22

5.3.7 Design Line 10 Representative Unit ................................ 5-23

5.3.8 Design Line 11 Representative Unit ................................ 5-24

5.3.9 Design Line 12 Representative Unit ................................ 5-25

5.3.10 Design Line 13 Representative Unit ................................ 5-26

5.4 MATERIAL AND LABOR INPUTS ..................................... 5-27

5.4.1 Material Prices ................................................. 5-29

5.4.2 Material Inputs to the Design Software—Liquid-Immersed .............. 5-30

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5.4.3 Material Inputs to the Design Software—Dry-type ..................... 5-33

5.4.4 Labor Costs ................................................... 5-37

5.5 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS ON EACH DESIGN LINE ................... 5-44

5.6 FOUR EXAMPLE TRANSFORMER DESIGNS AND COST BREAKDOWNS ... 5-55

5.6.1 Design Details Report for Non-Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 1 . 5-55

5.6.2 Design Details Report for Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 1 ..... 5-59

5.6.3 Design Details Report for Non-Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 12 5-63

5.6.4 Design Details Report for Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 12 .... 5-67

5.7 TEAR-DOWN ANALYSIS ............................................. 5-71

CHAPTER 6: ENERGY USE AND END-USE LOAD CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 Transformer Losses .............................................. 6-1

6.1.2 Transformer Loading ............................................. 6-2

6.2 HOURLY LOAD MODEL .............................................. 6-2

6.2.1 Overview of Hourly Load Model .................................... 6-2

6.2.2 Hourly Load Simulation Method .................................... 6-3

6.2.3 Hourly Load Simulation Inputs ..................................... 6-5

6.2.3.1 Utility Sample ............................................ 6-5

6.2.3.2 Customer Type ........................................... 6-10

6.2.3.3 Transformer Initial Peak Loading ............................ 6-10

6.2.3.4 Load Factor and Inverse Load Factor .......................... 6-11

6.2.3.5 Load Distribution Function ................................. 6-12

6.2.3.6 Hourly System Load ....................................... 6-13

6.3 MONTHLY LOAD MODEL ............................................ 6-14

6.3.1 Overview of Monthly Load Model ................................. 6-14

6.3.2 Monthly Load Estimation Steps .................................... 6-14

6.3.3 Monthly Load Model Inputs ...................................... 6-16

6.3.3.1 Customer Demand and Usage Data ........................... 6-16

6.3.3.2 Customer Sampling Weights ................................ 6-16

6.3.3.3 Initial Peak Load ......................................... 6-17

6.3.3.4 Transformer Load Factor ................................... 6-18

6.3.3.5 Root-Mean-Square-to-Average Load Ratio ..................... 6-21

6.3.3.6 Transformer Peak Responsibility Factor ....................... 6-22

CHAPTER 7: MARKUPS FOR EQUIPMENT PRICE DETERMINATION

7.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 7-1

7.2 OVERVIEW OF MARKUP EQUATIONS ................................. 7-1

7.3 ESTIMATION OF INSTALLED PRICE ................................... 7-2

7.3.1 Estimation of Transformer Weights and Pole Costs ..................... 7-3

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7.3.2 Overhead and Profit for Installation Expenses ......................... 7-4

7.3.3 Dry-Type Transformer Installed Price Equation ........................ 7-5

7.3.4 Liquid-Immersed Transformer Installed Price Equation .................. 7-5

CHAPTER 8: LIFE-CYCLE COST AND PAYBACK PERIOD ANALYSES

8.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 8-1

8.1.1 General Approach for Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses ....... 8-1

8.1.2 The Baseline Scenario ............................................ 8-2

8.1.3 Total Owning Cost ............................................... 8-3

8.2 LIFE-CYCLE COST METHOD .......................................... 8-3

8.2.1 Definition ...................................................... 8-3

8.2.2 Life-Cycle Cost Spreadsheet Key Steps ............................... 8-4

8.2.2.1 Step 1: Select A & B ....................................... 8-4

8.2.2.2 Step 2: Select Designs That Meet a Chosen Candidate 

Standard Level ............................................ 8-6

8.2.2.3 Step 3: Load and Price Profile ............................... 8-7

8.2.2.4 Step 4: Calculate Cost of Losses .............................. 8-8

8.2.2.5 Step 5: Project Losses and Costs into the Future ................. 8-8

8.2.2.6 Step 6: Select Discount Rate ................................. 8-8

8.2.2.7 Step 7: Calculate Present Value of Future Cost of Losses .......... 8-8

8.2.2.8 Step 8: Results Reported .................................... 8-9

8.2.2.9 Step 9: Results of Sample of Transformers ...................... 8-9

8.2.2.10 Step 10: Results for “Average” Scenario ................. 8-9

8.2.2.11 Repeat Process ...................................... 8-9

8.3 LIFE-CYCLE COST INPUTS ............................................ 8-9

8.3.1 A and B Transformer Selection Parameters and Usage Rates ............. 8-10

8.3.2 Database of Transformer Designs .................................. 8-16

8.3.3 Markup and Installation Costs ..................................... 8-16

8.3.4 Transformer Loading ............................................ 8-16

8.3.5 Electricity Price Analysis ......................................... 8-17

8.3.5.1 Hourly Marginal Electricity Price Model for Liquid-Immersed

Transformers ............................................ 8-17

8.3.5.2 Monthly Tariff-Based Analysis for Dry-Type Transformers ........ 8-21

8.3.5.3 Data Collection and Modeling ............................... 8-25

8.3.6 Load Growth Trends ............................................ 8-31

8.3.7 Electricity Cost and Price Trends ................................... 8-32

8.3.8 Discount Rate .................................................. 8-33

8.3.9 Effective Date of Standard ........................................ 8-38

8.3.10 Transformer Service Life ......................................... 8-38

8.3.11 Maintenance Costs .............................................. 8-39

8.3.12 Power Factor .................................................. 8-39

8.3.13 Default Scenario ................................................ 8-39

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8.4 LIFE-CYCLE COST RESULTS ......................................... 8-40

8.4.1 Design Line 1 Results ........................................... 8-42

8.4.2 Design Line 2 Results ........................................... 8-42

8.4.3 Design Line 3 Results ........................................... 8-43

8.4.4 Design Line 4 Results ........................................... 8-43

8.4.5 Design Line 5 Results ........................................... 8-44

8.4.6 Design Line 9 Results ........................................... 8-44

8.4.7 Design Line 10 Results .......................................... 8-45

8.4.8 Design Line 11 Results .......................................... 8-45

8.4.9 Design Line 12 Results .......................................... 8-46

8.4.10 Design Line 13 Results .......................................... 8-46

8.5 LIFE-CYCLE COST SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ........................... 8-47

8.5.1 Design Line 1 Summary Sensitivity Results .......................... 8-48

8.5.2 Design Line 12 Summary Sensitivity Results ......................... 8-50

8.6 PAYBACK PERIOD .................................................. 8-52

8.6.1 Payback Period ................................................. 8-52

8.6.2 Inputs ........................................................ 8-53

8.6.3 Baseline Scenario Complications .................................. 8-53

8.6.4 Payback Period Results .......................................... 8-54

8.6.5 Design Line 1 Results ........................................... 8-55

8.6.6 Design Line 2 Results ........................................... 8-55

8.6.7 Design Line 3 Results ........................................... 8-56

8.6.8 Design Line 4 Results ........................................... 8-57

8.6.9 Design Line 5 Results ........................................... 8-57

8.6.10 Design Line 9 Results ........................................... 8-58

8.6.11 Design Line 10 Results .......................................... 8-59

8.6.12 Design Line 11 Results .......................................... 8-59

8.6.13 Design Line 12 Results .......................................... 8-60

8.6.14 Design Line 13 Results .......................................... 8-60

8.7 REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION ........................................ 8-61

8.8 USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR SPREADSHEETS ........................... 8-67

8.8.1 Startup ....................................................... 8-67

8.8.1.1 Sheet Overview .......................................... 8-68

8.8.2 Basic Instructions .............................................. 8-70

CHAPTER 9: SHIPMENTS ANALYSIS

9.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 9-1

9.2 MODEL OVERVIEW .................................................. 9-1

9.3 MODEL INPUTS ..................................................... 9-3

9.3.1 Shipments Data ................................................. 9-4

9.3.2 Shipments Backcast ............................................. 9-8

9.3.3 Shipments Forecast .............................................. 9-8

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9.3.4 Long-Term Purchase Elasticity .................................... 9-10

9.3.4.1 Elasticity Estimates for Liquid-Immersed and DryType Transformers .............................................. 9-11

9.3.5 Liquid-Immersed/Dry-Type Market Shares ........................... 9-11

9.3.6 Stock Accounting .............................................. 9-12

9.3.7 Retirement Function ............................................ 9-13

9.3.8 Refurbishments and Rewinds ..................................... 9-15

9.3.9 Initial Stock ................................................... 9-16

9.3.10 Effective Date of Standard ........................................ 9-16

9.3.11 Affected Stock ................................................. 9-16

9.4 RESULTS .......................................................... 9-17

CHAPTER 10: NATIONAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

10.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 10-1

10.1.1 National Impact Analysis Spreadsheet Flowchart ...................... 10-2

10.2 NATIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS ....................................... 10-5

10.2.1 National Energy Savings Overview ................................. 10-5

10.2.2 National Energy Savings Inputs ................................... 10-6

10.2.2.1 Size Scaling of Losses and Costs ...................... 10-7

10.2.2.2 Mapping Life-Cycle Cost Design Line Data to Product Classes10-8

10.2.2.3 Mapping Candidate Standard Level to Trial Standard Level . 10-10

10.2.2.4 Root Mean Square Loading ......................... 10-10

10.2.2.5 Load Growth ..................................... 10-10

10.2.2.6 Affected Stock .................................... 10-12

10.2.2.7 Unit Energy Consumption ........................... 10-12

10.2.2.8 Electricity Site-to-Source Conversion .................. 10-13

10.3 NET PRESENT VALUE .............................................. 10-15

10.3.1 Net Present Value Overview ..................................... 10-15

10.3.2 Net Present Value Inputs ........................................ 10-17

10.3.2.1 First Cost ........................................ 10-17

10.3.2.2 Operating Cost .................................... 10-19

10.3.2.3 Peak Responsibility Factor ........................... 10-20

10.3.2.4 Initial Peak Load .................................. 10-20

10.3.2.5 Electricity Price Forecast Scalar ...................... 10-21

10.3.2.6 Marginal Electricity Costs ........................... 10-21

10.3.2.7 Discount Rate ..................................... 10-22

10.4 RESULTS ......................................................... 10-22

10.4.1 National Energy Savings and Net Present Value from Trial 

Standard Levels ............................................... 10-22

10.4.1.1 Liquid-Immersed Results ............................ 10-23

10.4.1.2 Dry-Type Results .................................. 10-24

10.4.1.3 Discounted Cumulative Energy Impacts ................ 10-27

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CHAPTER 11: LIFE-CYCLE COST SUB-GROUP ANALYSIS

11.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 11-1

11.2 ANALYSIS APPROACH .............................................. 11-1

11.2.1 Adjustment Factors for Analysis Inputs .............................. 11-1

11.2.2 How the Department Estimated the Adjustment Factors ................. 11-2

11.3 LIFE-CYCLE COST SUBGROUP RESULTS .............................. 11-3

11.3.1 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-3

11.3.1.1 Design Line 1 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-4

11.3.1.2 Design Line 2 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-4

11.3.1.3 Design Line 3 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-5

11.3.1.4 Design Line 4 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-5

11.3.1.5 Design Line 5 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-6

11.3.2 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-7

11.3.2.1 Design Line 1 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-7

11.3.2.2 Design Line 2 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-8

11.3.2.3 Design Line 3 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-8

11.3.2.4 Design Line 4 Life-Cycle Cost Results .................. 11-9

11.3.2.5 Design Line 5 Life-Cycle Cost Results ................. 11-10

11.4 PAYBACK PERIOD RESULTS ........................................ 11-11

11.4.1 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Payback Period Results ................. 11-11

11.4.1.1 Design Line 1 Payback Period Results ................. 11-11

11.4.1.2 Design Line 2 Payback Period Results ................. 11-12

11.4.1.3 Design Line 3 Payback Period Results ................. 11-13

11.4.1.4 Design Line 4 Payback Period Results ................. 11-13

11.4.1.5 Design Line 5 Payback Period Results ................. 11-14

11.4.2 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Payback Period Results ................. 11-15

11.4.2.1 Design Line 1 Payback Period Results ................. 11-15

11.4.2.2 Design Line 2 Payback Period Results ................. 11-16

11.4.2.3 Design Line 3 Payback Period Results ................. 11-16

11.4.2.4 Design Line 4 Payback Period Results ................. 11-17

11.4.2.5 Design Line 5 Payback Period Results ................. 11-18

CHAPTER 12: MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS

12.1 MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ................ 12-1

12.1.1 Phase 1: Industry Profile ........................................ 12-2

12.1.2 Phase 2: Industry Cash-Flow Analysis .............................. 12-2

12.1.3 Phase 3: Subgroup Impact Analysis ......................... 12-3

12.1.3.1 Major Manufacturer Subgroups - Superclasses ............ 12-4

12.1.3.2 Small-Business Subgroup ............................ 12-5

12.2 MANUFACTURER KEY ISSUES ....................................... 12-6

12.3 GRIM INPUTS AND ASSUMPTIONS ................................... 12-8

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12.3.1 Overview of GRIM ............................................. 12-8

12.3.2 Financial Parameters ............................................ 12-8

12.3.3 Corporate Discount Rate .................................... 12-10

12.3.4 Shipments .................................................... 12-12

12.3.5 Production Costs .............................................. 12-13

12.3.6 Conversion Costs .............................................. 12-13

12.3.7 Markup Scenarios ............................................. 12-13

12.3.7.1 Preservation-of-Gross-Margin-Percentage Scenario ....... 12-14

12.3.7.2 Preservation-of-Operating-Profit Scenario .............. 12-14

12.4 MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS - LIQUID-IMMERSED ............ 12-15

12.4.1 Conversion Capital Expenditures ................................. 12-15

12.4.2 Product Conversion Expenses .................................... 12-21

12.4.3 Industry Financial Impacts ....................................... 12-22

12.4.3.1 Trial Standard Levels ............................... 12-22

12.4.3.2 Impacts on Industry Net Present Value ................. 12-22

12.4.3.3 Impacts on Annual Cash Flow ........................ 12-24

12.4.4 Other Impacts ................................................. 12-26

12.4.4.1 Employment ...................................... 12-26

12.4.4.2 Production Capacity ................................ 12-27

12.4.4.3 Exports .......................................... 12-27

12.4.4.4 Cumulative Regulatory Burden ....................... 12-28

12.4.4.5 Impacts on Small Businesses ......................... 12-28

12.4.4.6 Worker Safety .................................... 12-29

12.4.4.7 Other Engineering Issues ............................ 12-29

12.4.5 Summary of Impacts for Liquid-Immersed Superclass ................. 12-29

12.5 MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS - MEDIUM-VOLTAGE, DRY-TYPE 12-33

12.5.1 Conversion Capital Expenditures ................................. 12-33

12.5.2 Product Conversion Expenses .................................... 12-39

12.5.3 Industry Financial Impacts ....................................... 12-40

12.5.3.1 Trial Standard Levels ............................... 12-40

12.5.3.2 Impacts on Industry Net Present Value ................. 12-40

12.5.3.3 Impacts on Annual Cash Flow ........................ 12-41

12.5.4 Other Impacts ................................................. 12-43

12.5.4.1 Employment ...................................... 12-43

12.5.4.2 Production Capacity ................................ 12-44

12.5.4.3 Exports .......................................... 12-44

12.5.4.4 Cumulative Regulatory Burden ....................... 12-44

12.5.4.5 Impacts on Small Businesses ......................... 12-45

12.5.5 Summary of Impacts for Medium-Voltage, Dry-Type Superclass ......... 12-46

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CHAPTER 13: UTILITY IMPACT ANALYSIS

13.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 13-2

13.2 ASSUMPTIONS ..................................................... 13-2

13.3 METHOD .......................................................... 13-4

13.4 RESULTS .......................................................... 13-5

CHAPTER 14: EMPLOYMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS

14.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 14-1

14.2 ASSUMPTIONS ..................................................... 14-1

14.3 METHODOLOGY .................................................... 14-1

14.4 RESULTS .......................................................... 14-2

14.4.1 Employment Impacts of Transformer Standards ....................... 14-2

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION

STANDARDS FOR DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................... EA-1

2.0 PURPOSE ......................................................... EA-2

3.0 ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING THE PROPOSED ACTION ................ EA-4

3.1 No-Action Alternative .......................................... EA-4

3.2 Proposed Action ............................................... EA-5

3.3 Alternative Standards ........................................... EA-5

4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ................... EA-13

4.1 Geography .................................................. EA-13

4.2 Air Resources ................................................ EA-13

4.2.1 Assumptions ........................................... EA-15

4.2.2 Methods .............................................. EA-15

4.3 Socioeconomics .............................................. EA-17

4.4 Environmental Justice ......................................... EA-17

4.5 Energy Consumption .......................................... EA-18

4.6 Noise and Aesthetics .......................................... EA-18

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ....................................... EA-18

5.1 Air Quality/Emissions Impacts .................................. EA-18

5.1.1 Power Sector Emissions .................................. EA-18

5.1.2 Discounted Emissions ................................... EA-28

5.1.3 Fuel-Cycle Emissions ................................... EA-29

5.2 Wetlands / Endangered and Threatened Species / Cultural Resources .... EA-31

5.3 Socioeconomic Impacts ....................................... EA-31

5.4 Environmental Justice Impacts .................................. EA-31

5.5 Energy Consumption Impacts ................................... EA-32

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5.6 Noise and Aesthetics .......................................... EA-32

5.7 Summary of Environmental Impacts .............................. EA-33

REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR PROPOSED ENERGY 

CONSERVATION STANDARDS FOR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

TRANSFORMERS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................. RIA-1

2.0 NON-REGULATORY POLICIES ..................................... RIA-2

2.1 Methodology ................................................ RIA-2

2.1.1 Modeling Method ....................................... RIA-2

2.1.2 Policy Assumptions ..................................... RIA-3

2.1.3 Policy Interactions ...................................... RIA-4

2.2 Non-Regulatory Policy Assumptions .............................. RIA-5

2.2.1 No New Regulatory Action ............................... RIA-5

2.2.2 Financial Incentives Policies .............................. RIA-5

2.2.3 Voluntary Energy-Efficiency Targets ...................... RIA-13

2.2.4 Early Replacement ..................................... RIA-14

2.2.5 Bulk Government Purchases ............................. RIA-14

2.3 Results Summary for Non-Regulatory Alternatives ................. RIA-15

APPENDIX RIA.A: USING IMPLEMENTATION CURVES TO ESTIMATE MARKET

PENETRATION OF NON-REGULATORY POLICIES ....... RIA-17

APPENDIX 3A. CORE STEEL MARKET ANALYSIS

3A.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................... 3A-1

3A.1.1 U.S. Steel Market History ....................................... 3A-2

3A.1.2 U.S. Electrical Steel Market Key Players ........................... 3A-2

3A.1.3 International Electrical Steel Market Key Players ..................... 3A-3

3A.1.4 U.S. Import/Export Data ........................................ 3A-4

3A.2 CURRENT GLOBAL ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET .................... 3A-4

3A.2.1 Asian Steel Consumption ........................................ 3A-5

3A.2.2 Core Steel Manufacturer Input Prices .............................. 3A-5

3A.2.3 Value of the U.S. Dollar ........................................ 3A-7

3A.3 U.S. ELECTRIC STEEL PRICING ...................................... 3A-9

3A.3.1 U.S. Electrical Steel Producers ................................... 3A-9

3A.3.1.1 AK Steel ......................................... 3A-9

3A.3.1.2 Allegheny Ludlum ................................. 3A-9

3A.3.2 Steel Pricing .................................................. 3A-9

3A.3.3 U.S. Electrical Steel Pricing ..................................... 3A-10

3A.3.4 The Department’s New First Quarter 2005 Material Prices ............ 3A-13

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3A.4 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET FORECAST ........................... 3A-16

3A.4.1 Increased Electrical Steel Pricing Longevity ....................... 3A-16

3A.4.1.1 Manufacturer Impact Analysis Findings ............... 3A-16

3A.4.1.2 Historically Low Prices: 2000–2003 .................. 3A-17

3A.5 ELECTRICAL STEEL MANUFACTURER PROFILES .................... 3A-18

APPENDIX 5A: SUPPLEMENTARY ENGINEERING ANALYSIS RESULTS

5A.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................... 5A-1

APPENDIX 5B: SCALING RELATIONSHIPS IN TRANSFORMER 

MANUFACTURING

5B.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 5B-1

5B.2 THEORY AND BASIS FOR SCALING RULES ............................ 5B-4

5B.2.1 Power and Voltage Equations ..................................... 5B-4

5B.2.2 Losses ........................................................ 5B-5

5B.2.3 Output and Winding Coefficients ................................. 5B-10

5B.2.4 Scaling Laws ................................................. 5B-11

APPENDIX 5C. Q1 2005 MATERIAL PRICING ANALYSIS

5C.1 MATERIAL PRICING TABLES ........................................ 5C-1

5C.2 Q1 2005 MATERIAL PRICE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS RESULTS .......... 5C-3

5C.2.1 Design Line 1 Engineering Analysis Results .................... 5C-4

5C.2.2 Design Line 2 Engineering Analysis Results .................... 5C-6

5C.2.3 Design Line 3 Engineering Analysis Results .................... 5C-8

5C.2.4 Design Line 4 Engineering Analysis Results ................... 5C-10

5C.2.5 Design Line 5 Engineering Analysis Results ................... 5C-12

5C.2.6 Design Line 9 Engineering Analysis Results ................... 5C-14

5C.2.7 Design Line 10 Engineering Analysis Results .................. 5C-16

5C.2.8 Design Line 11 Engineering Analysis Results .................. 5C-18

5C.2.9 Design Line 12 Engineering Analysis Results .................. 5C-20

5C.2.10 Design Line 13 Engineering Analysis Results .................. 5C-22

5C.3 Q1 2005 MATERIAL PRICE LIFE-CYCLE COST RESULTS ................ 5C-24

5C.3.1 Design Line 1 Life-Cycle Cost Results ....................... 5C-25

5C.3.2 Design Line 2 Life-Cycle Cost Results ....................... 5C-26

5C.3.3 Design Line 3 Life-Cycle Cost Results ....................... 5C-27

5C.3.4 Design Line 4 Life-Cycle Cost Results ....................... 5C-28

5C.3.5 Design Line 5 Life-Cycle Cost Results ....................... 5C-29

5C.3.6 Design Line 9 Life-Cycle Cost Results ....................... 5C-30

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5C.3.7 Design Line 10 Life-Cycle Cost Results ...................... 5C-31

5C.3.8 Design Line 11 Life-Cycle Cost Results ...................... 5C-32

5C.3.9 Design Line 12 Life-Cycle Cost Results ...................... 5C-33

5C.3.10 Design Line 13 Life-Cycle Cost Results ...................... 5C-34

APPENDIX 8A: LCC AND PBP RESULTS

8A.1 LCC & PAYBACK RESULTS FOR LIQUID-IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS, 

DESIGN LINES 1–5 ................................................. 8A-1

8A.1.1 Design Line 1 Results .......................................... 8A-1

8A.1.2 Design Line 2 Results .......................................... 8A-8

8A.1.3 Design Line 3 Results ......................................... 8A-15

8A.1.4 Design Line 4 Results ......................................... 8A-22

8A.1.5 Design Line 5 Results ......................................... 8A-29

8A.2 LCC & PAYBACK RESULTS FOR DRY TYPE TRANSFORMERS, 

DESIGN LINES 6– 13 ............................................... 8A-36

8A.2.1 Design Line 9 Results ......................................... 8A-36

8A.2.2 Design Line 10 Results ........................................ 8A-43

8A.2.3 Design Line 11 Results ........................................ 8A-50

8A.2.4 Design Line 12 Results ........................................ 8A-57

8A.2.5 Design Line 13 Results ........................................ 8A-64

APPENDIX 8B: UNCERTAINTY AND VARIABILITY

8B.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 8B-1

8B.2 UNCERTAINTY ..................................................... 8B-1

8B.3 VARIABILITY ...................................................... 8B-1

8B.4 APPROACHES TO UNCERTAINTY AND VARIABILITY .................. 8B-2

8B.5 PROBABILITY ANALYSIS AND THE USE OF CRYSTAL BALL ............ 8B-3

APPENDIX 8C: UTILITIES SAMPLE

8C SAMPLE UTILITIES ................................................. 8C-1

APPENDIX 8D: LIFE!CYCLE COST SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

8D.1 DESIGN LINE 1 RESULTS ........................................... 8D-1

8D.1.1 Design Line 1; Candidate Standard Level 1 ......................... 8D-2

8D.1.1.1 Baseline ......................................... 8D-3

8D.1.1.2 Low A & B Distribution ............................ 8D-4

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8D.1.1.3 High A & B Distribution ............................ 8D-5

8D.1.1.4 Low Loading ..................................... 8D-6

8D.1.1.5 High Loading ..................................... 8D-7

8D.1.1.6 Low Electricity Price ............................... 8D-8

8D.1.1.7 High Electricity Price ............................... 8D-9

8D.1.1.8 Low Load Growth ................................ 8D-10

8D.1.1.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-11

8D.1.1.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-12

8D.1.1.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-13

8D.1.2 Design Line 1; Candidate Standard Level 2 ........................ 8D-14

8D.1.2.1 Baseline ........................................ 8D-15

8D.1.2.2 Low A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-16

8D.1.2.3 High A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-17

8D.1.2.4 Low Loading .................................... 8D-18

8D.1.2.5 High Loading .................................... 8D-19

8D.1.2.6 Low Electricity Price .............................. 8D-20

8D.1.2.7 High Electricity Price .............................. 8D-21

8D.1.2.8 Low Load Growth ................................ 8D-22

8D.1.2.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-23

8D.1.2.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-24

8D.1.2.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-25

8D.1.3 Design Line 1; Candidate Standard Level 3 ........................ 8D-26

8D.1.3.1 Baseline ........................................ 8D-27

8D.1.3.2 Low A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-28

8D.1.3.3 High A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-29

8D.1.3.4 Low Loading .................................... 8D-30

8D.1.3.5 High Loading .................................... 8D-31

8D.1.3.6 Low Electricity Price .............................. 8D-32

8D.1.3.7 High Electricity Price .............................. 8D-33

8D.1.3.8 Low Load Growth ................................ 8D-34

8D.1.3.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-35

8D.1.3.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-36

8D.1.3.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-37

8D.1.4 Design Line 1; Candidate Standard Level 4 ........................ 8D-38

8D.1.4.1 Baseline ........................................ 8D-39

8D.1.4.2 Low A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-40

8D.1.4.3 High A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-41

8D.1.4.4 Low Loading .................................... 8D-42

8D.1.4.5 High Loading .................................... 8D-43

8D.1.4.6 Low Electricity Price .............................. 8D-44

8D.1.4.7 High Electricity Price .............................. 8D-45

8D.1.4.8 Low Load Growth ................................ 8D-46

8D.1.4.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-47

8D.1.4.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-48

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8D.1.4.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-49

8D.1.5 Design Line 1; Candidate Standard Level 5 ........................ 8D-50

8D.1.5.1 Baseline ........................................ 8D-51

8D.1.5.2 Low A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-52

8D.1.5.3 High A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-53

8D.1.5.4 Low Loading .................................... 8D-54

8D.1.5.5 High Loading .................................... 8D-55

8D.1.5.6 Low Electricity Price .............................. 8D-56

8D.1.5.7 High Electricity Price .............................. 8D-57

8D.1.5.8 Low Load Growth ................................ 8D-58

8D.1.5.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-59

8D.1.5.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-60

8D.1.5.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-61

8D.1.6 Design Line 1; Candidate Standard Level 6 ........................ 8D-62

8D.1.6.1 Baseline ........................................ 8D-63

8D.1.6.2 Low A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-64

8D.1.6.3 High A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-65

8D.1.6.4 Low Loading .................................... 8D-66

8D.1.6.5 High Loading .................................... 8D-67

8D.1.6.6 Low Electricity Price .............................. 8D-68

8D.1.6.7 High Electricity Price .............................. 8D-69

8D.1.6.8 Low Load Growth ................................ 8D-70

8D.1.6.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-71

8D.1.6.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-72

8D.1.6.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-73

8D.2 DESIGN LINE 12 RESULTS ......................................... 8D-74

8D.2.1 Design Line 12; Candidate Standard Level 1 ....................... 8D-75

8D.2.1.1 Baseline ........................................ 8D-76

8D.2.1.2 Low A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-77

8D.2.1.3 High A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-78

8D.2.1.4 Low Loading .................................... 8D-79

8D.2.1.5 High Loading .................................... 8D-80

8D.2.1.6 Low Electricity Price .............................. 8D-81

8D.2.1.7 High Electricity Price .............................. 8D-82

8D.2.1.8 Medium Load Growth ............................. 8D-83

8D.2.1.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-84

8D.2.1.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-85

8D.2.1.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-86

8D.2.2 Design Line 12; Candidate Standard Level 2 ....................... 8D-87

8D.2.2.1 Baseline ........................................ 8D-88

8D.2.2.2 Low A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-89

8D.2.2.3 High A & B Distribution ........................... 8D-90

8D.2.2.4 Low Loading .................................... 8D-91

8D.2.2.5 High Loading .................................... 8D-92

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8D.2.2.6 Low Electricity Price .............................. 8D-93

8D.2.2.7 High Electricity Price .............................. 8D-94

8D.2.2.8 Medium Load Growth ............................. 8D-95

8D.2.2.9 High Load Growth ................................ 8D-96

8D.2.2.10 Low Equipment Price .............................. 8D-97

8D.2.2.11 High Equipment Price ............................. 8D-98

8D.2.3 Design Line 12; Candidate Standard Level 3 ....................... 8D-99

8D.2.3.1 Baseline ....................................... 8D-100

8D.2.3.2 Low A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-101

8D.2.3.3 High A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-102

8D.2.3.4 Low Loading ................................... 8D-103

8D.2.3.5 High Loading ................................... 8D-104

8D.2.3.6 Low Electricity Price ............................. 8D-105

8D.2.3.7 High Electricity Price ............................. 8D-106

8D.2.3.8 Medium Load Growth ............................ 8D-107

8D.2.3.9 High Load Growth ............................... 8D-108

8D.2.3.10 Low Equipment Price ............................. 8D-109

8D.2.3.11 High Equipment Price ............................ 8D-110

8D.2.4 Design Line 12; Candidate Standard Level 4 ...................... 8D-111

8D.2.4.1 Baseline ....................................... 8D-112

8D.2.4.2 Low A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-113

8D.2.4.3 High A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-114

8D.2.4.4 Low Loading ................................... 8D-115

8D.2.4.5 High Loading ................................... 8D-116

8D.2.4.6 Low Electricity Price ............................. 8D-117

8D.2.4.7 High Electricity Price ............................. 8D-118

8D.2.4.8 Medium Load Growth ............................ 8D-119

8D.2.4.9 High Load Growth ............................... 8D-120

8D.2.4.10 Low Equipment Price ............................. 8D-121

8D.2.4.11 High Equipment Price ............................ 8D-122

8D.2.5 Design Line 12; Candidate Standard Level 5 ...................... 8D-123

8D.2.5.1 Baseline ....................................... 8D-124

8D.2.5.2 Low A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-125

8D.2.5.3 High A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-126

8D.2.5.4 Low Loading ................................... 8D-127

8D.2.5.5 High Loading ................................... 8D-128

8D.2.5.6 Low Electricity Price ............................. 8D-129

8D.2.5.7 High Electricity Price ............................. 8D-130

8D.2.5.8 Medium Load Growth ............................ 8D-131

8D.2.5.9 High Load Growth ............................... 8D-132

8D.2.5.10 Low Equipment Price ............................. 8D-133

8D.2.5.11 High Equipment Price ............................ 8D-134

8D.2.6 Design Line 12; Candidate Standard Level 6 ...................... 8D-135

8D.2.6.1 Baseline ....................................... 8D-136

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8D.2.6.2 Low A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-137

8D.2.6.3 High A & B Distribution .......................... 8D-138

8D.2.6.4 Low Loading ................................... 8D-139

8D.2.6.5 High Loading ................................... 8D-140

8D.2.6.6 Low Electricity Price ............................. 8D-141

8D.2.6.7 High Electricity Price ............................. 8D-142

8D.2.6.8 Medium Load Growth ............................ 8D-143

8D.2.6.9 High Load Growth ............................... 8D-144

8D.2.6.10 Low Equipment Price ............................. 8D-145

8D.2.6.11 High Equipment Price ............................ 8D-146

APPENDIX 8E: AVERAGE TRANSFORMER DESIGN PROPERTIES FROM 

LIFE-CYCLE COST MODEL

8E.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 8E-1

8E.2 TABLES OF AVERAGE TRANSFORMER DESIGN PROPERTIES ........... 8E-1

8E.3 HISTOGRAMS OF TRANSFORMER DESIGN EFFICIENCIES .............. 8E-5

8E.3.1 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 ......................... 8E-5

8E.3.2 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 ......................... 8E-8

8E.3.3 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 ........................ 8E-12

8E.3.4 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 ........................ 8E-15

8E.3.5 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 5 ........................ 8E-19

8E.3.6 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 ........................ 8E-22

8E.3.7 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line10 ....................... 8E-25

8E.3.8 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 ....................... 8E-29

8E.3.9 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 ....................... 8E-32

8E.3.10 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 ................. 8E-36

APPENDIX 10A: USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR SHIPMENTS AND NIA

SPREADSHEET MODEL

10A.1 USER INSTRUCTIONS ............................................. 10A-1

APPENDIX 10B: NATIONAL ENERGY SAVING S AND NET NATIONAL

 PRESENT VALUE RESULTS

10B.1 1% LOAD GROWTH ................................................ 10B-1

10B.1.1 7% Discount Rate ........................................... 10B-1

10B.1.1.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario ...................... 10B-1

10B.1.1.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario ................... 10B-9

10B.1.1.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario ..................... 10B-17

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10B.2 0% LOAD GROWTH ............................................... 10B-25

10B.2.1 7% Discount Rate .......................................... 10B-25

10B.2.1.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario ..................... 10B-25

10B.2.1.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario .................. 10B-33

10B.2.1.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario ..................... 10B-41

10B.3 1% LOAD GROWTH ............................................... 10B-49

10B.3.1 3% Discount Rate .......................................... 10B-49

10B.3.1.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario ..................... 10B-49

10B.3.1.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario .................. 10B-57

10B.3.1.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario ..................... 10B-65

10B.4 0% LOAD GROWTH ............................................... 10B-73

10B.4.1 3% Discount Rate .......................................... 10B-73

10B.4.1.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario ..................... 10B-73

10B.4.1.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario .................. 10B-81

10B.4.1.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario ..................... 10B-89

APPENDIX 11A: LIFE-CYCLE COST SUBGROUP RESULTS

11A.1 MUNICIPAL UTILITIES SUBGROUP RESULTS ........................ 11A-1

11A.1.1 Design Line 1 Results ................................... 11A-1

11A.1.2 Design Line 2 Results ................................... 11A-8

11A.1.3 Design Line 3 Results .................................. 11A-15

11A.1.4 Design Line 4 Results .................................. 11A-22

11A.1.5 Design Line 5 Results .................................. 11A-29

11A.2 RURAL COOPERATIVES SUBGROUP RESULTS ...................... 11A-36

11A.2.1 Design Line 1 Results .................................. 11A-36

11A.2.2 Design Line 2 Results .................................. 11A-43

11A.2.3 Design Line 3 Results .................................. 11A-50

11A.2.4 Design Line 4 Results .................................. 11A-57

11A.2.5 Design Line 5 Results .................................. 11A-64

APPENDIX 12A: MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS INTERVIEW

GUIDES: LIQUID-IMMERSED, LV DRY-TYPE, MV DRY-TYPE

12A.1 LIQUID-IMMERSED MIA INTERVIEW GUIDE ......................... 12A-1

12A.2 MEDIUM-VOLTAGE DRY-TYPE MIA INTERVIEW GUIDE ............. 12A-11

APPENDIX 12B: MANUFACTURER IMPACT ANALYSIS

SMALL BUSINESS INTERVIEW GUIDE

12B.1 MIA INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR SMALL BUSINESSES .................... 12B-1

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APPENDIX 12C: GOVERNMENT REGULATORY IMPACT MODEL (GRIM)

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION

12C.1 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE ..................................... 12C-1

12C.2 MODEL DESCRIPTION .............................................. 12C-1

12C.3 DETAILED CASH FLOW EXAMPLE .................................. 12C-4

12C.4 GOVERNMENT REGULATORY IMPACT MODEL INSTRUCTIONS ........ 12C-5

APPENDIX 13A. NEMS-BT EXTENSION MODELING BEYOND 2025

13A.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 13A-1

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.3.1 Distribution Transformers Analyses in Accordance with the Process Rule . . 1-5

Table 3.3.1 Distribution Transformer Product Classes ........................... 3-2

Table 3.4.1 National Distribution Transformer Shipment Estimates for 2001 ......... 3-4

Table 3.7.1 NEMA Efficiency Levels for Liquid-Immersed 

Distribution Transformers ....................................... 3-11

Table 3.7.2 NEMA Efficiency Levels for Dry-Type Distribution Transformers ....... 3-12

Table 3.7.3 Efficiency Vermont Rebate Amounts .............................. 3-13

Table 3.7.4 National Grid Design 2000 Rebate Amounts ........................ 3-14

Table 3.7.5 NHSaves’ New Equipment and Construction Program Rebate Amounts . . 3-15

Table 3.7.6 Northeast Utilities Energy Conscious Construction Rebate Amounts ..... 3-15

Table 3.7.7 Tacoma Power Transformer Rebate Amounts ....................... 3-16

Table 3.7.8 United Illuminating Transformer Rebate Amounts ................... 3-17

Table 3.8.1 Comparison of Massachusetts State Energy Efficiency Standards for 

MV Dry-Type Distribution Transformers to DOE NOPR TSLs ......... 3-19

Table 3.8.2 Canadian Efficiency Regulations for Dry-Type Transformers ........... 3-25

Table 3.8.3 Characteristics of Regulated Distribution Transformers in Mexico ....... 3-26

Table 3.8.4 Minimum Efficiency Levels for Transformers in Mexico .............. 3-27

Table 3.8.5 Maximum Allowed Losses for Transformers in Mexico ............... 3-28

Table 3.8.6 Transitional Standards for Small Manufacturers in Mexico ............. 3-29

Table 3.8.7 Transitional Maximum Losses for Small Manufacturers in Mexico ...... 3-30

Table 3.9.1 Options and Impacts of Increasing Transformer Efficiency ............. 3-34

Table 4.2.1 General Loss-Reduction Interventions for Distribution Transformers ...... 4-3

Table 4.3.1 Design Options Not Screened Out of the Analysis ..................... 4-5

Table 4.5.1 Design Options Screened Out of the Analysis ........................ 4-9

Table 5.2.1 Product Classes and Number of kVA Ratings ........................ 5-2

Table 5.2.2 Engineering Design Lines (DLs) and Representative Units for Analysis .... 5-3

Table 5.2.3 Liquid-Immersed Design Lines and Representative Units ............... 5-7

Table 5.2.4 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage, Single-Phase Design Lines ................ 5-8

Table 5.2.5 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage, Three-Phase Design Lines ................ 5-9

Table 5.2.6 Common Scaling Relationships in Transformers ..................... 5-10

Table 5.3.1 A and B Grid Combinations used by Software to Generate 

Design Database .............................................. 5-13

Table 5.3.2 A and B Fan Combinations used by Software to Generate 

Design Database .............................................. 5-14

Table 5.3.3 Core Steel Grades, Thicknesses and Associated Losses ................ 5-15

Table 5.3.4 Core Configurations Used in Each Design Line ...................... 5-16

Table 5.3.5 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 1 ................................................ 5-18

Table 5.3.6 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 2 ................................................ 5-19

Table 5.3.7 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 3 ................................................ 5-20

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Table 5.3.8 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 4 ................................................ 5-21

Table 5.3.9 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 5 ................................................ 5-22

Table 5.3.10 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 9 ................................................ 5-23

Table 5.3.11 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 10 ............................................... 5-24

Table 5.3.12 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 11 ............................................... 5-25

Table 5.3.13 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 12 ............................................... 5-26

Table 5.3.14 Design Option Combinations for the Representative Unit from 

Design Line 13 ............................................... 5-27

Table 5.4.1 Manufacturer’s Material Prices for Liquid-Immersed Design Lines ...... 5-30

Table 5.4.2 Marked-up Material Prices for Liquid-Immersed Units, Five-Year Average 

Price Scenario ................................................ 5-31

Table 5.4.3 Summary Table of Fixed Material Costs for Liquid-Immersed Units ..... 5-33

Table 5.4.4 Manufacturer’s Material Prices for Dry-Type Design Lines ............ 5-34

Table 5.4.5 Marked-up Material Prices for Dry-Type Units, Five-Year Average 

Price Scenario ................................................ 5-35

Table 5.4.6 Summary Table of Fixed Material Costs for Dry-Type Units ........... 5-37

Table 5.4.7 Labor Markups for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Manufacturers ...... 5-38

Table 5.4.8 Summary of Labor Times for Liquid-Immersed Units ................. 5-41

Table 5.4.9 Summary of Labor Times for Dry-Type Units ....................... 5-43

Table 5.6.1 Bill of Materials for Non-Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 1 .... 5-58

Table 5.6.2 Bill of Materials for Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 1 ........ 5-62

Table 5.6.3 Bill of Materials for Non-Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 12 ... 5-66

Table 5.6.4 Bill of Materials for Evaluated Transformer from Design Line 12 ....... 5-70

Table 6.2.1 Utility Sample for Hourly Load Simulation Data ...................... 6-6

Table 8.3.1 Distributions of A Values for Liquid-Immersed Transformers: Three 

Scenarios with Usage Percentages ................................ 8-12

Table 8.3.2 Distributions of A Values for Small-Capacity, Medium-Voltage, Dry-Type

Transformers (DL 9 and DL 11): Three Scenarios with Usage Percentages 8-13

Table 8.3.3 Distributions of A Values for Large-Capacity, Medium-Voltage, Dry-Type

Transformers (DL 10, DL 12, and DL 13): Three Scenarios with Usage

Percentages .................................................. 8-14

Table 8.3.4 Generation Capacity Costs ...................................... 8-19

Table 8.3.5 Representative Cost Recovery Factors ............................. 8-20

Table 8.3.6 Percentage of All Commercial and Industrial Customers, by Subdivision, 

in the Utility Sample ........................................... 8-23

Table 8.3.7 Variables Used to Estimate Company Discount Rates ................. 8-35

Table 8.3.8 Typical Owners of Different Types of Transformers .................. 8-36

Table 8.3.9 Real Discount Rates by Transformer Ownership Category ............. 8-37

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Table 8.3.10 Transformer Ownership by Design Line ............................ 8-38

Table 8.4.1 Candidate Standard Levels Evaluated For Each Design Line ........... 8-40

Table 8.4.2 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 1 Representative Unit . 8-42

Table 8.4.3 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 2 Representative Unit . 8-42

Table 8.4.4 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 3 Representative Unit . 8-43

Table 8.4.5 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 4 Representative Unit . 8-43

Table 8.4.6 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 5 Representative Unit . 8-44

Table 8.4.7 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 9 Representative Unit . 8-44

Table 8.4.8 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 10 Representative Unit 8-45

Table 8.4.9 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 11 Representative Unit 8-45

Table 8.4.10 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 12 Representative Unit 8-46

Table 8.4.11 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 13 Representative Unit 8-47

Table 8.5.1 Mean Life-Cycle Cost Savings ($), Summary for Design Line 1 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-49

Table 8.5.2 Mean Life-Cycle Cost Savings ($), Summary for Design Line 12 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-51

Table 8.6.1 Possible )FC and )OC Combinations, for Payback Period Analysis ..... 8-54

Table 8.6.2 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 1 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-55

Table 8.6.3 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 2 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-55

Table 8.6.4 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 3 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-57

Table 8.6.5 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 4 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-57

Table 8.6.6 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 5 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-58

Table 8.6.7 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 9 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-58

Table 8.6.8 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 10 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-59

Table 8.6.9 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 11 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-60

Table 8.6.10 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 12 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-60

Table 8.6.11 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 13 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8-61

Table 8.7.1 Average Transformer Efficiency ................................. 8-63

Table 8.7.2 Average Transformer Installed Cost .............................. 8-64

Table 8.7.3 Average Marginal Electricity Cost ................................ 8-65

Table 8.7.4 First Year Operating Cost for Rebuttable Presumption, Based on DOE 

Test Procedure ............................................... 8-66

Table 8.7.5 Rebuttable Payback for Rebuttable Presumption Period ............... 8-67

Table 9.3.1 Distribution Transformer Shipment Estimates for 2001 ................. 9-5

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Table 9.3.2 Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Shipment Estimates, 2001 ..... 9-6

Table 9.3.3 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Distribution Transformer Shipment 

Estimates, 2001 ................................................ 9-7

Table 9.4.1 Cumulative Shipments of Transformers by Trial Standard Level (TSL),

2010–2038 ................................................... 9-17

Table 10.2.1 Mapping of Design Line to Product Class .......................... 10-9

Table 10.2.2 Mapping of Candidate Standard Levels to Trial Standard Levels ....... 10-10

Table 10.2.3 Average Site-to-Source Conversion Factors for No-Load Losses and 

Load Losses ................................................ 10-14

Table 10.3.1 First Cost of Distribution Transformers by Trial Standard Level and 

Product Class (2004$/kVA) .................................... 10-19

Table 10.3.2 Peak Responsibility Factors by Product Class ...................... 10-20

Table 10.3.3 Initial Peak Loading by Product Class ............................ 10-21

Table 10.3.4 Marginal Energy and Demand Costs by Product Class ............... 10-21

Table 10.4.1 Summary of Cumulative National Energy Savings (2010–2038) and Net 

Present Value (2010–2073) Impact ............................... 10-22

Table 10.4.2 Cumulative Primary Energy Savings During 2010–2038: Liquid-Immersed

Transformers by Product Class .................................. 10-23

Table 10.4.3 Net Present Value During 2010–2073: Liquid-Immersed Transformers by

Product Class ............................................... 10-23

Table 10.4.4 Cumulative Primary Energy Savings During 2010–2038: Dry-Type 

Transformers by Product Class .................................. 10-25

Table 10.4.5 Net Present Value During 2010–2073: Dry-Type Transformers by 

Product Class ............................................... 10-26

Table 10.4.6 Discounted Cumulative Energy Impacts, Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type,

Medium-Voltage Transformers .................................. 10-28

Table 11.2.1 Consumer Subgroup Economic Adjustment Factors .................. 11-2

Table 11.3.1 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 1 .... 11-4

Table 11.3.2 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 2 .... 11-5

Table 11.3.3 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 3 .... 11-5

Table 11.3.4 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 4 .... 11-6

Table 11.3.5 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 5 .... 11-7

Table 11.3.6 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 1 ... 11-8

Table 11.3.7 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 2 ... 11-8

Table 11.3.8 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 3 ... 11-9

Table 11.3.9 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 4 . . 11-10

Table 11.3.10 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Life-Cycle Cost Results: Design Line 5 . . 11-10

Table 11.4.1 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 1 ... 11-12

Table 11.4.2 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 2 ... 11-13

Table 11.4.3 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 3 ... 11-13

Table 11.4.4 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 4 ... 11-14

Table 11.4.5 Municipal Utilities Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 5 ... 11-15

Table 11.4.6 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 1 ... 11-16

Table 11.4.7 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 2 ... 11-16

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Table 11.4.8 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 3 ... 11-17

Table 11.4.9 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 4 ... 11-18

Table 11.4.10 Rural Cooperatives Subgroup Payback Period Results: Design Line 5 ... 11-18

Table 12.3.1 GRIM Financial Parameters for Distribution Transformer Industry ...... 12-10

Table 12.3.2 Non-Production Cost Markups for the Preservation-of-OperatingProfit Scenario .............................................. 12-14

Table 12.4.1 Summary of Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Conventional 

Annealing Furnace Capital Expenditures .......................... 12-17

Table 12.4.2 Summary of Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Amorphous 

Annealing Furnace Capital Expenditures .......................... 12-17

Table 12.4.3 Summary of Additional Core-Cutting Machine Estimate for LiquidImmersed Superclass .......................................... 12-19

Table 12.4.4 Summary of Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Conventional CoreCutting Equipment Capital Expenditures .......................... 12-20

Table 12.4.5 Summary of Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Amorphous CoreCutting Equipment Capital Expenditures .......................... 12-20

Table 12.4.6 Summary of Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Conversion 

Capital Expenditures .......................................... 12-21

Table 12.4.7 Summary of Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Product 

Conversion Expenses ......................................... 12-22

Table 12.4.8 Changes in Liquid-Immersed Industry Net Present Value, Preservation-ofGross-Margin-Percentage Scenario .............................. 12-23

Table 12.4.9 Changes in Liquid-Immersed Industry Net Present Value, Preservation-ofOperating-Profit Scenario ...................................... 12-23

Table 12.4.10 Projected Change in Labor Expenditures, Liquid-Immersed (2010) ..... 12-26

Table 12.5.1 Calculation of Core-Mitering Capacity Multiplier for Design Line 9 .... 12-35

Table 12.5.2 Calculation of Core-Mitering Machines Needed for Design Line 9 ...... 12-36

Table 12.5.3 Calculation of Core-Mitering Machines Needed for Design Line 10 ..... 12-36

Table 12.5.4 Calculation of Core-Mitering Machines Needed for Design Line 11 ..... 12-37

Table 12.5.5 Calculation of Core-Mitering Machines Needed for Design Line 12 ..... 12-37

Table 12.5.6 Calculation of Core-Mitering Machines Needed for Design Line 13 ..... 12-38

Table 12.5.7 Summary of MV, Dry-Type Distribution Transformer Core-Cutting Equipment

Capital Expenditures .......................................... 12-38

Table 12.5.8 Summary of MV, Dry-Type Distribution Transformer Conversion Capital

Expenditures ................................................ 12-39

Table 12.5.9 Summary of MV, Dry-Type Distribution Transformer Product Conversion

Expenses ................................................... 12-39

Table 12.5.10 Changes in MV, Dry-Type Industry Net Present Value, Preservation-ofGross-Margin-Percentage Scenario .............................. 12-40

Table 12.5.11 Changes in MV, Dry-Type Industry Net Present Value, Preservation-ofOperating-Profit Scenario ...................................... 12-41

Table 12.5.12 Projected Change in Labor Expenditures, MV, Dry-Type (2010) ....... 12-43

Table 13.4.1 TMY System Load Reference Case Forecast ........................ 13-7

Table 13.4.2 Liquid-Immersed Transformers: Trial Standard Level 1 Forecast ........ 13-8

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Table 13.4.3 Liquid-Immersed Transformers: Trial Standard Level 2 Forecast ........ 13-9

Table 13.4.4 Liquid-Immersed Transformers: Trial Standard Level 3 Forecast ....... 13-10

Table 13.4.5 Liquid-Immersed Transformers: Trial Standard Level 4 Forecast ....... 13-11

Table 13.4.6 Liquid-Immersed Transformers: Trial Standard Level 5 Forecast ....... 13-12

Table 13.4.7 Liquid-Immersed Transformers: Trial Standard Level 6 Forecast ....... 13-13

Table 13.4.8 Dry-Type, Low-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard Level 1 Forecast . 13-14

Table 13.4.9 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard 

Level 1 Forecast ............................................. 13-15

Table 13.4.10 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard 

Level 2 Forecast ............................................. 13-16

Table 13.4.11 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard 

Level 3 Forecast ............................................. 13-17

Table 13.4.12 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard 

Level 4 Forecast ............................................. 13-18

Table 13.4.13 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard 

Level 5 Forecast ............................................. 13-19

Table 13.4.14 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard 

Level 6 Forecast ............................................. 13-20

Table 13.4.15 Liquid-Immersed Trial Standard Level 2 Low Economic 

Growth Forecast ............................................. 13-21

Table 13.4.16 Dry-Type, Low-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard Level 1 

High Economic Growth Forecast ................................ 13-22

Table 13.4.17 Dry-Type, Low-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard Level 1 

Low Economic Growth Forecast ................................ 13-23

Table 13.4.18 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard Level 2 High

Economic Growth Forecast ..................................... 13-24

Table 13.4.19 Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers: Trial Standard Level 2 

Low Economic Growth Forecast ................................ 13-25

Table 14.4.1 Net National Change in Jobs: Liquid-Immersed Transformers ......... 14-4

Table 14.4.2 Net National Change in Jobs: Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers . 14-4

Table EA.1 Proposed Standard Levels for Liquid-Immersed 

Distribution Transformers ...................................... EA-3

Table EA.2 Proposed Standard Levels for Medium-Voltage, Dry-Type 

Distribution Transformers ...................................... EA-4

Table EA.3 Trial Standard Levels for PC 1 Distribution Transformers ............. EA-6

Table EA.4 Trial Standard Levels for PC 2 Distribution Transformers ............. EA-7

Table EA.5 Trial Standard Levels for PC 5 Distribution Transformers ............. EA-8

Table EA.6 Trial Standard Levels for PC 6 Distribution Transformers ............. EA-9

Table EA.7 Trial Standard Levels for PC 7 Distribution Transformers ............ EA-10

Table EA.8 Trial Standard Levels for PC 8 Distribution Transformers ............ EA-11

Table EA.9 Trial Standard Levels for PC 9 Distribution Transformers ............ EA-12

Table EA.10 Trial Standard Levels for PC 10 Distribution Transformers ........... EA-13

Table EA.11 Power Sector Emissions for Liquid-Immersed Transformer Trial 

Standard Levels ............................................. EA-20

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Table EA.12 Power Sector Emissions for Liquid-Immersed Transformer Trial 

Standard Levels (continued) ................................... EA-21

Table EA.13 Power Sector Emissions for Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformer 

Trial Standard Levels ........................................ EA-22

Table EA.14 Power Sector Emissions for Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformer 

Trial Standard Levels (continued) ............................... EA-23

Table EA.15 Power Sector Emissions for Dry-Type, Low-Voltage Transformer Trial 

Standard Levels ............................................. EA-24

Table EA.16 Cumulative Power Sector Emissions Impacts for Liquid-Immersed 

Transformers ............................................... EA-25

Table EA.17 Cumulative Power Sector Emissions Impacts for Dry-Type, LowVoltage Transformers ........................................ EA-26

Table EA.18 Cumulative Power Sector Emissions Impacts for Dry-Type, MediumVoltage Transformers ........................................ EA-27

Table EA.19 Discounted Cumulative Emissions Impacts, Liquid-Immersed and DryType, Medium-Voltage Transformers ........................... EA-29

Table EA.20 Estimated Upstream Emission Factors and Corresponding Percentages of 

Direct Power Plant Combustion Emissions ....................... EA-30

Table EA.21 Cumulative Energy Savings from Standards ...................... EA-32

Table EA.22 Summary of the Analysis Results for Liquid-Immersed Transformers . . EA-33

Table EA.23 Summary of the Analysis Results for Dry-Type, LowVoltage Transformers ....................................... EA-34

Table EA.24 Summary of the Analysis Results for Dry-Type, MediumVoltage Transformers ....................................... EA-35

Table RIA.1 Policy Alternatives to Proposed National Distribution 

Transformer Standards ....................................... RIA-2

Table RIA.2 Proposed Standard Levels for Distribution Transformers ............ RIA-4

Table RIA.3 Benefit/Cost Ratios for Proposed Standard and Rebate Policy Cases ... RIA-7

Table RIA.4 Market Share and Effective Market Share Increases for Consumer 

Rebates Policy Case by Medium-Voltage, Dry-Type Product Class .... RIA-9

Table RIA.5 Market Share and Effective Market Share Increases for Consumer 

Rebates Policy Case by Liquid-Immersed Product Class ............ RIA-10

Table RIA.6 Effective Market Share Increases for Consumer Tax Credits Policy 

Case by Product Class ....................................... RIA-12

Table RIA.7 Effective Market Share Increases for Manufacturer Tax Credits Policy 

Case by Product Class ....................................... RIA-13

Table 3A.2.1 Alloy Surcharge for Electrical Steels ($US/ton) ..................... 3A-7

Table 3A.2.2 Selected International Currency Rates per U.S. Dollar ................ 3A-8

Table 3A.3.1 Liquid-Immersed Material Prices Used in the Engineering Analyses ... 3A-14

Table 3A.3.2 Dry-Type Material Prices Used in the Engineering Analyses .......... 3A-15

Table 5A.1 Engineering Design Lines (DLs) and Representative Units for Analysis . . 5A-1

Table 5B.1 Common Scaling Relationships in Transformers ..................... 5B-2

Table 5B.2 Nominal 60 Hz, Core-Type, Liquid-Filled, 12 kV 

Distribution Transformers ...................................... 5B-11

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Table 5C.1.1 Liquid-Immersed Material Prices Used in the Engineering Analyses ..... 5C-2

Table 5C.1.2 Dry-Type Material Prices Used in the Engineering Analyses ............ 5C-3

Table 5C.3.1 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 1 . . 5C-25

Table 5C.3.2 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 2 . . 5C-26

Table 5C.3.3 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 3 . . 5C-27

Table 5C.3.4 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 4 . . 5C-28

Table 5C.3.5 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 5 . . 5C-29

Table 5C.3.6 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 9 . . 5C-30

Table 5C.3.7 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 10 . 5C-31

Table 5C.3.8 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 11 . 5C-32

Table 5C.3.9 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 12 . 5C-33

Table 5C.3.10 Comparison of LCC Results for Two Pricing Scenarios, Design Line 13 . 5C-34

Table 8A.1.1 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 1 

Representative Unit ........................................... 8A-1

Table 8A.1.2 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 1 

Representative Unit ........................................... 8A-1

Table 8A.1.3 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 2 

Representative Unit ........................................... 8A-8

Table 8A.1.4 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 2 

Representative Unit ........................................... 8A-8

Table 8A.1.5 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 3 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-15

Table 8A.1.6 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 3 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-15

Table 8A.1.7 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 4 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-22

Table 8A.1.8 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 4 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-22

Table 8A.1.9 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 5 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-29

Table 8A.1.10 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 5 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-29

Table 8A.2.1 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 9 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-36

Table 8A.2.2 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 9 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-36

Table 8A.2.3 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 10

 Representative Unit ......................................... 8A-43

Table 8A.2.4 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 10 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-43

Table 8A.2.5 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 11 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-50

Table 8A.2.6 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 11 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-50

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Table 8A.2.7 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 12 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-57

Table 8A.2.8 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 12 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-57

Table 8A.2.9 Summary Life-Cycle Cost Results for Design Line 13 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-64

Table 8A.2.10 Summary of Payback Period Results for Design Line 13 

Representative Unit .......................................... 8A-64

Table 8D.1.1 Mean LCC Savings ($), Summary Table for Design Line 1 ............ 8D-1

Table 8D.1.2 Candidate Standard Level: 1; Summary Table ...................... 8D-2

Table 8D.1.3 Candidate Standard Level: 2; Summary Table ..................... 8D-14

Table 8D.1.4 Candidate Standard Level: 3; Summary Table ..................... 8D-26

Table 8D.1.5 Candidate Standard Level: 4; Summary Table ..................... 8D-38

Table 8D.1.6 Candidate Standard Level: 5; Summary Table ..................... 8D-50

Table 8D.1.7 Candidate Standard Level: 6; Summary Table ..................... 8D-62

Table 8D.2.1 Mean LCC Savings ($), Summary Table for Design Line 12 .......... 8D-74

Table 8D.2.2 Candidate Standard Level: 1; Summary Table ..................... 8D-75

Table 8D.2.3 Candidate Standard Level: 2; Summary Table ..................... 8D-87

Table 8D.2.4 Candidate Standard Level: 3; Summary Table ..................... 8D-99

Table 8D.2.5 Candidate Standard Level: 4; Summary Table .................... 8D-111

Table 8D.2.6 Candidate Standard Level: 5; Summary Table .................... 8D-123

Table 8D.2.7 Candidate Standard Level: 6; Summary Table .................... 8D-135

Table 8E.2.1 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 1 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-1

Table 8E.2.2 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 2 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-1

Table 8E.2.3 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 3 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-2

Table 8E.2.4 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 4 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-2

Table 8E.2.5 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 5 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-2

Table 8E.2.6 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 9 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-2

Table 8E.2.7 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 10 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-3

Table 8E.2.8 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 11 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-3

Table 8E.2.9 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 12 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-3

Table 8E.2.10 Average LCC Transformer Design Properties for Design Line 13 

Representative Unit ............................................ 8E-4

Table 10B.1.1 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................... 10B-2

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Table 10B.1.2 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-3

Table 10B.1.3 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-3

Table 10B.1.4 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-4

Table 10B.1.5 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ...................................... 10B-5

Table 10B.1.6 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-5

Table 10B.1.7 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-6

Table 10B.1.8 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-6

Table 10B.1.9 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-7

Table 10B.1.10 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-7

Table 10B.1.11 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-8

Table 10B.1.12 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-8

Table 10B.1.13 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) .............................................. 10B-9

Table 10B.1.14 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-10

Table 10B.1.15 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-11

Table 10B.1.16 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-11

Table 10B.1.17 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-12

Table 10B.1.18 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.02) ......................... 10B-13

Table 10B.1.19 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-13

Table 10B.1.20 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-14

Table 10B.1.21 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-14

Table 10B.1.22 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-15

Table 10B.1.23 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-15

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Table 10B.1.24 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-16

Table 10B.1.25 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-16

Table 10B.1.26 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-17

Table 10B.1.27 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-18

Table 10B.1.28 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-19

Table 10B.1.29 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-19

Table 10B.1.30 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-20

Table 10B.1.31 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.2) ............................ 10B-21

Table 10B.1.32 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-21

Table 10B.1.33 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-22

Table 10B.1.34 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-22

Table 10B.1.35 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-23

Table 10B.1.36 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-23

Table 10B.1.37 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-24

Table 10B.1.38 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-24

Table 10B.1.39 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-25

Table 10B.2.1 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-26

Table 10B.2.2 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-27

Table 10B.2.3 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-27

Table 10B.2.4 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-28

Table 10B.2.5 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ................................. 10B-29

Table 10B.2.6 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-29

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TOC-xxxiii

Table 10B.2.7 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-30

Table 10B.2.8 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-30

Table 10B.2.9 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-31

Table 10B.2.10 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-31

Table 10B.2.11 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-32

Table 10B.2.12 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-32

Table 10B.2.13 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-33

Table 10B.2.14 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-34

Table 10B.2.15 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-35

Table 10B.2.16 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-35

Table 10B.2.17 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-36

Table 10B.2.18 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.02) ......................... 10B-37

Table 10B.2.19 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-37

Table 10B.2.20 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-38

Table 10B.2.21 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-38

Table 10B.2.22 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-39

Table 10B.2.23 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-39

Table 10B.2.24 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-40

Table 10B.2.25 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-40

Table 10B.2.26 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-41

Table 10B.2.27 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-42

Table 10B.2.28 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-43

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TOC-xxxiv

Table 10B.2.29 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-43

Table 10B.2.30 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-44

Table 10B.2.31 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario (-0.2) ...................................... 10B-45

Table 10B.2.32 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-45

Table 10B.2.33 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-46

Table 10B.2.34 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-46

Table 10B.2.35 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-47

Table 10B.2.36 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-47

Table 10B.2.37 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-48

Table 10B.2.38 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-48

Table 10B.2.39 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-49

Table 10B.3.1 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-50

Table 10B.3.2 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-51

Table 10B.3.3 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-51

Table 10B.3.4 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-52

Table 10B.3.5 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ..................................... 10B-53

Table 10B.3.6 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-53

Table 10B.3.7 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-54

Table 10B.3.8 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-54

Table 10B.3.9 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-55

Table 10B.3.10 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-55

Table 10B.3.11 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-56

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TOC-xxxv

Table 10B.3.12 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-56

Table 10B.3.13 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-57

Table 10B.3.14 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-58

Table 10B.3.15 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-59

Table 10B.3.16 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-59

Table 10B.3.17 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-60

Table 10B.3.18 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.02) ......................... 10B-61

Table 10B.3.19 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-61

Table 10B.3.20 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-62

Table 10B.3.21 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-62

Table 10B.3.22 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-63

Table 10B.3.23 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-63

Table 10B.3.24 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-64

Table 10B.3.25 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-64

Table 10B.3.26 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-65

Table 10B.3.27 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-66

Table 10B.3.28 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-67

Table 10B.3.29 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-67

Table 10B.3.30 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-68

Table 10B.3.31 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario (-0.2) ...................................... 10B-69

Table 10B.3.32 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-69

Table 10B.3.33 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-70

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TOC-xxxvi

Table 10B.3.34 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-70

Table 10B.3.35 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-71

Table 10B.3.36 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-71

Table 10B.3.37 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-72

Table 10B.3.38 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-72

Table 10B.3.39 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-73

Table 10B.4.1 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-74

Table 10B.4.2 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-75

Table 10B.4.3 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-75

Table 10B.4.4 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-76

Table 10B.4.5 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ..................................... 10B-77

Table 10B.4.6 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-77

Table 10B.4.7 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-78

Table 10B.4.8 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-78

Table 10B.4.9 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-79

Table 10B.4.10 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-79

Table 10B.4.11 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-80

Table 10B.4.12 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-80

Table 10B.4.13 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-81

Table 10B.4.14 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-82

Table 10B.4.15 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-83

Table 10B.4.16 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-83

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 92
TOC-xxxvii

Table 10B.4.17 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................. 10B-84

Table 10B.4.18 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.02) ......................... 10B-85

Table 10B.4.19 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-85

Table 10B.4.20 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-86

Table 10B.4.21 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-86

Table 10B.4.22 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-87

Table 10B.4.23 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-87

Table 10B.4.24 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-88

Table 10B.4.25 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-88

Table 10B.4.26 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................. 10B-89

Table 10B.4.27 Summary Results Table for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-90

Table 10B.4.28 Summary Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-91

Table 10B.4.29 Summary Results Table for Product Class 1, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-91

Table 10B.4.30 Summary Results Table for Product Class 2, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-92

Table 10B.4.31 Summary Results Table for All Dry-Type Product Classes, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.2) ................................. 10B-93

Table 10B.4.32 Summary Results Table for Product Class 3, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-93

Table 10B.4.33 Summary Results Table for Product Class 4, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-94

Table 10B.4.34 Summary Results Table for Product Class 5, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-94

Table 10B.4.35 Summary Results Table for Product Class 6, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-95

Table 10B.4.36 Summary Results Table for Product Class 7, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-95

Table 10B.4.37 Summary Results Table for Product Class 8, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-96

Table 10B.4.38 Summary Results Table for Product Class 9, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-96

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TOC-xxxviii

Table 10B.4.39 Summary Results Table for Product Class 10, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) .............................................. 10B-97

Table 11A.1.1 Design Line 1 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . . 11A-1

Table 11A.1.2 Design Line 1 Payback Period Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . . 11A-1

Table 11A.1.3 Design Line 2 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . . 11A-8

Table 11A.1.4 Design Line 2 Payback Period Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . . 11A-8

Table 11A.1.5 Design Line 3 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . 11A-15

Table 11A.1.6 Design Line 3 Payback Period Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . 11A-15

Table 11A.1.7 Design Line 4 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . 11A-22

Table 11A.1.8 Design Line 4 Payback Period Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . 11A-22

Table 11A.1.9 Design Line 5 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . 11A-29

Table 11A.1.10 Design Line 5 Payback Period Results: Municipal Utilities Subgroup . 11A-29

Table 11A.2.1 Design Line 1 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-36

Table 11A.2.2 Design Line 1 Payback Period Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-36

Table 11A.2.3 Design Line 2 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-43

Table 11A.2.4 Design Line 2 Payback Period Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-43

Table 11A.2.5 Design Line 3 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-50

Table 11A.2.6 Design Line 3 Payback Period Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-50

Table 11A.2.7 Design Line 4 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-57

Table 11A.2.8 Design Line 4 Payback Period Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-57

Table 11A.2.9 Design Line 5 Life-Cycle Cost Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-64

Table 11A.2.10 Design Line 5 Payback Period Results: Rural Cooperative Subgroup . 11A-64

Table 13A.1.1 Summary of Active and Inactive NEMS-BT2 Modules .............. 13A-2

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 92
TOC-xxxix

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1.1 Analyses for Distribution Transformer Energy-Efficiency Standards ...... 2-3

Figure 3.4.1 Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformer Shipment Estimate, 2001 ..... 3-3

Figure 3.4.2 MV Dry-Type Distribution Transformer Shipment Estimate, 2001 ....... 3-4

Figure 3.5.1 Market Delivery Channels for Distribution Transformers .............. 3-7

Figure 3.9.1 Transformer Losses Vary with Load (75 kVA Dry-Type) ............. 3-32

Figure 3.9.2 Transformer Efficiency Varies with Load .......................... 3-33

Figure 5.3.1 A and B Combination Software Inputs used in the Engineering Analysis . 5-14

Figure 5.3.2 Graphic of Single-Phase Core Configurations ...................... 5-16

Figure 5.3.3 Graphic of Three-phase Core Configurations ....................... 5-17

Figure 5.3.4 Cruciform Core Cross-Section .................................. 5-17

Figure 5.4.1 Standard Method of Cost Accounting for Standards Rulemaking ....... 5-27

Figure 5.5.1 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 1 ................................................ 5-45

Figure 5.5.2 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 2 ................................................ 5-46

Figure 5.5.3 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 3 ................................................ 5-47

Figure 5.5.4 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 4 ................................................ 5-48

Figure 5.5.5 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 5 ................................................ 5-49

Figure 5.5.6 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 9 ................................................ 5-50

Figure 5.5.7 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 10 ............................................... 5-51

Figure 5.5.8 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 11 ............................................... 5-52

Figure 5.5.9 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 12 ............................................... 5-53

Figure 5.5.10 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Efficiency for 

Design Line 13 ............................................... 5-54

Figure 5.6.1 Manufacturer Selling Price Breakdown, Non-Evaluated Transformer 

from Design Line 1 ........................................... 5-59

Figure 5.6.2 Manufacturer Selling Price Breakdown, Evaluated Transformer 

from Design Line 1 ........................................... 5-63

Figure 5.6.3 Manufacturer Selling Price Breakdown, Non-Evaluated Transformer 

from Design Line 12 .......................................... 5-67

Figure 5.6.4 Manufacturer Selling Price Breakdown, Evaluated Transformer 

from Design Line 12 .......................................... 5-71

Figure 5.7.1 Tear-down Plot Comparison, Design Line 7, 75kVA Three-phase 

Dry-type .................................................... 5-73

Figure 6.2.1 Histogram of the Peak Loading Distribution Generated in the Hourly 

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 92
TOC-xl

Load Analysis ............................................... 6-11

Figure 6.2.2 Scatterplot of Inverse Load Factor versus Peak Load from Hourly 

ELCAP Data ................................................ 6-12

Figure 6.3.1 Histogram of Annual Load Factors Derived from Monthly CBECS 1995 

Bill Data .................................................... 6-19

Figure 6.3.2 Scatterplot of Annual Load Factor versus Annual Peak Demand from 

Monthly CBECS 1995 Bill Data ................................. 6-20

Figure 6.3.3 Scatterplot of Peak Responsibility Factor versus Load Factor .......... 6-23

Figure 8.2.1 Transformer Life-Cycle Cost Spreadsheet Model Flowchart ............ 8-5

Figure 8.3.1 Map Showing the Division of the Continental United States into 

17 Subdivisions ............................................. 8-22

Figure 8.3.2 Customer-Weighted Average of Utility Revenue Divided by Sales 

by Subdivision ($/kWh) ....................................... 8-24

Figure 8.3.3 Effect of a Change in Customer Demand (Energy Consumption is Held 

Fixed) for a Block-By-Demand Tariff ............................ 8-27

Figure 8.3.4 Cumulative Load Growth at One Percent per Year for Liquid-Immersed

Transformers ................................................ 8-32

Figure 8.3.5 Electricity Price Scenarios ...................................... 8-33

Figure 8.4.1 Design Load Losses (LL) versus No-load Losses (NL) for TP 1-2002, 

Design Line 1 ................................................ 8-41

Figure 8.5.1 Design Line 1 Sensitivity Results by Candidate Standard Level ........ 8-50

Figure 8.5.2 Design Line 12 Sensitivity Results by Candidate Standard Level ....... 8-52

Figure 9.2.1 Shipments Model Flowchart ..................................... 9-2

Figure 9.3.1 Age Distribution of Liquid-Immersed In-Service Transformer Stock 

in 2004 ...................................................... 9-9

Figure 9.3.2 Fraction of Original Shipment Retiring ............................ 9-15

Figure 10.1.1 National Impact Analysis Flowchart .............................. 10-3

Figure 10.4.1 Liquid-Immersed Distribution Transformers: National Energy Savings and 

Net Present Value Impacts .................................... 10-24

Figure 10.4.2 Dry-Type Distribution Transformers: Net Energy Savings and Net Present 

Value Impacts .............................................. 10-27

Figure 12.3.1 Using the GRIM to Calculate Cash Flow .......................... 12-8

Figure 12.4.1 Industry Net Cash Flow for Preservation-of-Gross-Margin-Percentage 

Scenario, Liquid-Immersed .................................... 12-24

Figure 12.4.2 Industry Net Cash Flow for Preservation-of-Operating-Profit Scenario, 

Liquid-Immersed ............................................ 12-25

Figure 12.5.1 Industry Net Cash Flow for Preservation-of-Gross-Margin-Percentage 

Scenario, MV, Dry-type ...................................... 12-42

Figure 12.5.2 Industry Net Cash Flow for Preservation-of-Operating-Profit Scenario, 

MV, Dry-type .............................................. 12-42

Figure 14.4.1 Employment Impacts: Liquid-Immersed Transformers ............... 14-3

Figure 14.4.2 Employment Impacts: Dry-Type, Medium-Voltage Transformers ...... 14-3

Figure RIA.1 Market Penetration Curve for Design Line 13 of Medium-Voltage, 

Dry-Type Transformers ...................................... RIA-8

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 92
TOC-xli

Figure RIA.2 Market Penetration Curve for Design Line 1 of Liquid-Immersed 

Transformers ............................................. RIA-10

Figure RIA.A.1 Comparison of Exponential and Logistic Curves Showing 

External and Internal Influences on Consumers .................. RIA-18

Figure 3A.3.1 Approximate Prices for Various Types of Steel ($/lb) .............. 3A-10

Figure 3A.3.2 Approximate U.S. Prices for Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels ($/lb) ... 3A-11

Figure 3A.3.3 Approximate U.S. Prices for Non-Oriented Electrical Steels ($/lb) .... 3A-12

Figure 3A.3.4 Approximate U.S. Pricing for Specialty Electrical Steels ($/lb) ....... 3A-13

Figure 5A.1 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 1 ............................................... 5A-2

Figure 5A.2 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 2 ............................................... 5A-2

Figure 5A.3 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 3 ............................................... 5A-3

Figure 5A.4 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 4 ............................................... 5A-3

Figure 5A.5 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 5 ............................................... 5A-4

Figure 5A.6 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 9 ............................................... 5A-4

Figure 5A.7 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 10 .............................................. 5A-5

Figure 5A.8 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 11 .............................................. 5A-5

Figure 5A.9 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 12 .............................................. 5A-6

Figure 5A.10 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Core Losses for 

Design Line 13 .............................................. 5A-6

Figure 5A.11 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line ................................................ 5A-7

Figure 5A.12 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line 2 ............................................... 5A-7

Figure 5A.13 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line 3 ............................................... 5A-8

Figure 5A.14 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line 4 ............................................... 5A-8

Figure 5A.15 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line 5 ............................................... 5A-9

Figure 5A.16 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line 9 ............................................... 5A-9

Figure 5A.17 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line ............................................... 5A-10

Figure 5A.18 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line 11 ............................................. 5A-10

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Figure 5A.19 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line ............................................... 5A-11

Figure 5A.20 Scatter Plot of Manufacturer Selling Price and Coil Losses for 

Design Line ............................................... 5A-11

Figure 5A.21 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for Design Line 1 . . 5A-12

Figure 5A.22 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for Design Line 2 . . 5A-12

Figure 5A.23 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for Design Line 3 . . 5A-13

Figure 5A.24 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for Design Line 4 . . 5A-13

Figure 5A.25 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for 

Design Line 5 .............................................. 5A-14

Figure 5A.26 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for 

Design Line 9 .............................................. 5A-14

Figure 5A.27 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for 

Design Line 10 ............................................. 5A-15

Figure 5A.28 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for 

Design Line 11 ............................................. 5A-15

Figure 5A.29 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for 

Design Line 12 ............................................. 5A-16

Figure 5A.30 Scatter Plot of Transformer Weight and Efficiency for 

Design Line 13 ............................................. 5A-16

Figure 5B.1 Size and Performance Relationships by kVA Rating ................. 5B-3

Figure 5B.2 Basic Three-Phase Transformer Dimensions ...................... 5B-12

Figure 5C.2.1 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 1 ................................................ 5C-4

Figure 5C.2.2 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 1 ........... 5C-5

Figure 5C.2.3 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 2 ................................................ 5C-6

Figure 5C.2.4 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 2 ........... 5C-7

Figure 5C.2.5 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 3 ................................................ 5C-8

Figure 5C.2.6 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 3 ........... 5C-9

Figure 5C.2.7 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 4 ............................................... 5C-10

Figure 5C.2.8 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 4 .......... 5C-11

Figure 5C.2.9 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 5 ............................................... 5C-12

Figure 5C.2.10 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 5 .......... 5C-13

Figure 5C.2.11 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 9 ............................................... 5C-14

Figure 5C.2.12 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 9 .......... 5C-15

Figure 5C.2.13 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 10 .............................................. 5C-16

Figure 5C.2.14 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 10 ......... 5C-17

Figure 5C.2.15 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

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Design Line 11 .............................................. 5C-18

Figure 5C.2.16 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 11 ......... 5C-19

Figure 5C.2.17 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 12 .............................................. 5C-20

Figure 5C.2.18 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 12 ......... 5C-21

Figure 5C.2.19 Price and Efficiency for Q1 2005 Material Price Scenario, 

Design Line 13 .............................................. 5C-22

Figure 5C.2.20 Material Price Scenarios Comparison Plot for Design Line 13 ......... 5C-23

Figure 8A.1.1 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-2

Figure 8A.1.2 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart ........................................... 8A-2

Figure 8A.1.3 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-2

Figure 8A.1.4 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-3

Figure 8A.1.5 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart ........................................... 8A-3

Figure 8A.1.6 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-3

Figure 8A.1.7 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-4

Figure 8A.1.8 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart ........................................... 8A-4

Figure 8A.1.9 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-4

Figure 8A.1.10 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-5

Figure 8A.1.11 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart ........................................... 8A-5

Figure 8A.1.12 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-5

Figure 8A.1.13 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-6

Figure 8A.1.14 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart ........................................... 8A-6

Figure 8A.1.15 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-6

Figure 8A.1.16 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-7

Figure 8A.1.17 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart ........................................... 8A-7

Figure 8A.1.18 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-7

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Figure 8A.1.19 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-9

Figure 8A.1.20 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart ........................................... 8A-9

Figure 8A.1.21 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ............................................ 8A-9

Figure 8A.1.22 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-10

Figure 8A.1.23 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-10

Figure 8A.1.24 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-10

Figure 8A.1.25 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-11

Figure 8A.1.26 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-11

Figure 8A.1.27 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-11

Figure 8A.1.28 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-12

Figure 8A.1.29 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-12

Figure 8A.1.30 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-12

Figure 8A.1.31 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-13

Figure 8A.1.32 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-13

Figure 8A.1.33 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-13

Figure 8A.1.34 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-14

Figure 8A.1.35 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-14

Figure 8A.1.36 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-14

Figure 8A.1.37 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-16

Figure 8A.1.38 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-16

Figure 8A.1.39 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-16

Figure 8A.1.40 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-17

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Figure 8A.1.41 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-17

Figure 8A.1.42 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-17

Figure 8A.1.43 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-18

Figure 8A.1.44 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-18

Figure 8A.1.45 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-18

Figure 8A.1.46 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-19

Figure 8A.1.47 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-19

Figure 8A.1.48 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-19

Figure 8A.1.49 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-20

Figure 8A.1.50 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-20

Figure 8A.1.51 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-20

Figure 8A.1.52 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-21

Figure 8A.1.53 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-21

Figure 8A.1.54 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-21

Figure 8A.1.55 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-23

Figure 8A.1.56 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-23

Figure 8A.1.57 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-23

Figure 8A.1.58 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-24

Figure 8A.1.59 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-24

Figure 8A.1.60 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-24

Figure 8A.1.61 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-25

Figure 8A.1.62 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-25

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Figure 8A.1.63 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-25

Figure 8A.1.64 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-26

Figure 8A.1.65 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-26

Figure 8A.1.66 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-26

Figure 8A.1.67 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-27

Figure 8A.1.68 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-27

Figure 8A.1.69 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-27

Figure 8A.1.70 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-28

Figure 8A.1.71 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-28

Figure 8A.1.72 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-28

Figure 8A.1.73 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-30

Figure 8A.1.74 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-30

Figure 8A.1.75 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-30

Figure 8A.1.76 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-31

Figure 8A.1.77 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-31

Figure 8A.1.78 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-31

Figure 8A.1.79 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-32

Figure 8A.1.80 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-32

Figure 8A.1.81 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-32

Figure 8A.1.82 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-33

Figure 8A.1.83 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-33

Figure 8A.1.84 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-33

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Figure 8A.1.85 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-34

Figure 8A.1.86 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-34

Figure 8A.1.87 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-34

Figure 8A.1.88 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-35

Figure 8A.1.89 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-35

Figure 8A.1.90 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-35

Figure 8A.2.1 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-37

Figure 8A.2.2 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 9: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-37

Figure 8A.2.3 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-37

Figure 8A.2.4 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-38

Figure 8A.2.5 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 9: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-38

Figure 8A.2.6 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-38

Figure 8A.2.7 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-39

Figure 8A.2.8 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 9: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-39

Figure 8A.2.9 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-39

Figure 8A.2.10 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-40

Figure 8A.2.11 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 9: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-40

Figure 8A.2.12 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-40

Figure 8A.2.13 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-41

Figure 8A.2.14 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 9: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-41

Figure 8A.2.15 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-41

Figure 8A.2.16 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-42

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Figure 8A.2.17 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 9: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-42

Figure 8A.2.18 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 9: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-42

Figure 8A.2.19 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-44

Figure 8A.2.20 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 10: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-44

Figure 8A.2.21 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-44

Figure 8A.2.22 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-45

Figure 8A.2.23 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 10: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-45

Figure 8A.2.24 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-45

Figure 8A.2.25 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-46

Figure 8A.2.26 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 10: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-46

Figure 8A.2.27 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-46

Figure 8A.2.28 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-47

Figure 8A.2.29 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 10: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-47

Figure 8A.2.30 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-47

Figure 8A.2.31 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-48

Figure 8A.2.32 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 10: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-48

Figure 8A.2.33 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-48

Figure 8A.2.34 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-49

Figure 8A.2.35 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 10: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-49

Figure 8A.2.36 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 10: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-49

Figure 8A.2.37 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-51

Figure 8A.2.38 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 11: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-51

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Figure 8A.2.39 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-51

Figure 8A.2.40 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-52

Figure 8A.2.41 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 11: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-52

Figure 8A.2.42 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-52

Figure 8A.2.43 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-53

Figure 8A.2.44 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 11: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-53

Figure 8A.2.45 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-53

Figure 8A.2.46 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-54

Figure 8A.2.47 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 11: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-54

Figure 8A.2.48 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-54

Figure 8A.2.49 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-55

Figure 8A.2.50 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 11: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-55

Figure 8A.2.51 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-55

Figure 8A.2.52 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-56

Figure 8A.2.53 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 11: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-56

Figure 8A.2.54 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 11: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-56

Figure 8A.2.55 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-58

Figure 8A.2.56 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 12: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-58

Figure 8A.2.57 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-58

Figure 8A.2.58 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-59

Figure 8A.2.59 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 12: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-59

Figure 8A.2.60 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-59

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Figure 8A.2.61 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-60

Figure 8A.2.62 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 12: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-60

Figure 8A.2.63 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-60

Figure 8A.2.64 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-61

Figure 8A.2.65 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 12: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-61

Figure 8A.2.66 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-61

Figure 8A.2.67 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-62

Figure 8A.2.68 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 12: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-62

Figure 8A.2.69 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-62

Figure 8A.2.70 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 12:

 Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-63

Figure 8A.2.71 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 12: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-63

Figure 8A.2.72 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 12: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-63

Figure 8A.2.73 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-65

Figure 8A.2.74 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 13: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-65

Figure 8A.2.75 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-65

Figure 8A.2.76 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-66

Figure 8A.2.77 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 13: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-66

Figure 8A.2.78 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-66

Figure 8A.2.79 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-67

Figure 8A.2.80 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 13: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-67

Figure 8A.2.81 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-67

Figure 8A.2.82 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-68

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Figure 8A.2.83 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 13: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-68

Figure 8A.2.84 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-68

Figure 8A.2.85 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-69

Figure 8A.2.86 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 13: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-69

Figure 8A.2.87 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-69

Figure 8A.2.88 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-70

Figure 8A.2.89 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 13: 

Cumulative Chart .......................................... 8A-70

Figure 8A.2.90 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 13: 

Frequency Chart ........................................... 8A-70

Figure 8B.5.1 Normal Probability Distribution ................................. 8B-3

Figure 8B.5.2 Triangular Probability Distribution ............................... 8B-3

Figure 8B.5.3 Uniform Probability Distribution ................................ 8B-3

Figure 8D.1.1 Mean LCC Savings ($), by Scenario for Design Line 1 .............. 8D-1

Figure 8D.1.2 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 1, Candidate 

Standard Level 1 ............................................ 8D-2

Figure 8D.1.3 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Baseline Scenario .................................... 8D-3

Figure 8D.1.4 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Baseline Scenario .................................... 8D-3

Figure 8D.1.5 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Baseline Scenario .................................... 8D-3

Figure 8D.1.6 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ....................... 8D-4

Figure 8D.1.7 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ....................... 8D-4

Figure 8D.1.8 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ....................... 8D-4

Figure 8D.1.9 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High A & B Distribution Scenario ....................... 8D-5

Figure 8D.1.10 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High A & B Distribution Scenario ....................... 8D-5

Figure 8D.1.11 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High A & B Distribution Scenario ....................... 8D-5

Figure 8D.1.12 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ..................... 8D-6

Figure 8D.1.13 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ..................... 8D-6

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Figure 8D.1.14 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ..................... 8D-6

Figure 8D.1.15 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Transformer Loading Scenario ..................... 8D-7

Figure 8D.1.16 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Transformer Loading Scenario ..................... 8D-7

Figure 8D.1.17 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Transformer Loading Scenario ..................... 8D-7

Figure 8D.1.18 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Electricity Price Scenario .......................... 8D-8

Figure 8D.1.19 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Electricity Price Scenario .......................... 8D-8

Figure 8D.1.20 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Electricity Price Scenario .......................... 8D-8

Figure 8D.1.21 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-9

Figure 8D.1.22 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-9

Figure 8D.1.23 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-9

Figure 8D.1.24 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-10

Figure 8D.1.25 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-10

Figure 8D.1.26 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-10

Figure 8D.1.27 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-11

Figure 8D.1.28 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-11

Figure 8D.1.29 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-11

Figure 8D.1.30 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-12

Figure 8D.1.31 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-12

Figure 8D.1.32 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-12

Figure 8D.1.33 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-13

Figure 8D.1.34 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-13

Figure 8D.1.35 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-13

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Figure 8D.1.36 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 1, Candidate 

Standard Level 2 ........................................... 8D-14

Figure 8D.1.37 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-15

Figure 8D.1.38 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-15

Figure 8D.1.39 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-15

Figure 8D.1.40 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-16

Figure 8D.1.41 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-16

Figure 8D.1.42 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-16

Figure 8D.1.43 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-17

Figure 8D.1.44 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-17

Figure 8D.1.45 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-17

Figure 8D.1.46 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-18

Figure 8D.1.47 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-18

Figure 8D.1.48 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-18

Figure 8D.1.49 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-19

Figure 8D.1.50 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-19

Figure 8D.1.51 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-19

Figure 8D.1.52 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-20

Figure 8D.1.53 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-20

Figure 8D.1.54 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-20

Figure 8D.1.55 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-21

Figure 8D.1.56 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-21

Figure 8D.1.57 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-21

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Figure 8D.1.58 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-22

Figure 8D.1.59 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-22

Figure 8D.1.60 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-22

Figure 8D.1.61 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-23

Figure 8D.1.62 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-23

Figure 8D.1.63 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-23

Figure 8D.1.64 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-24

Figure 8D.1.65 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-24

Figure 8D.1.66 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-24

Figure 8D.1.67 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-25

Figure 8D.1.68 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-25

Figure 8D.1.69 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-25

Figure 8D.1.70 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 1, Candidate 

Standard Level 3 ........................................... 8D-26

Figure 8D.1.71 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-27

Figure 8D.1.72 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-27

Figure 8D.1.73 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-27

Figure 8D.1.74 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-28

Figure 8D.1.75 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-28

Figure 8D.1.76 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-28

Figure 8D.1.77 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-29

Figure 8D.1.78 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-29

Figure 8D.1.79 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate 

Standard Level: 3; High A & B Distribution Scenario .............. 8D-29

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Figure 8D.1.80 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-30

Figure 8D.1.81 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-30

Figure 8D.1.82 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-30

Figure 8D.1.83 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-31

Figure 8D.1.84 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-31

Figure 8D.1.85 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate 

Standard Level: 3; High Transformer Loading Scenario ............. 8D-31

Figure 8D.1.86 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-32

Figure 8D.1.87 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-32

Figure 8D.1.88 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-32

Figure 8D.1.89 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-33

Figure 8D.1.90 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-33

Figure 8D.1.91 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-33

Figure 8D.1.92 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-34

Figure 8D.1.93 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-34

Figure 8D.1.94 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-34

Figure 8D.1.95 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-35

Figure 8D.1.96 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-35

Figure 8D.1.97 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-35

Figure 8D.1.98 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-36

Figure 8D.1.99 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-36

Figure 8D.1.100 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-36

Figure 8D.1.101 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-37

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Figure 8D.1.102 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-37

Figure 8D.1.103 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-37

Figure 8D.1.104 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 1, Candidate 

Standard Level 4 ........................................... 8D-38

Figure 8D.1.105 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-39

Figure 8D.1.106 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-39

Figure 8D.1.107 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-39

Figure 8D.1.108 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-40

Figure 8D.1.109 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-40

Figure 8D.1.110 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-40

Figure 8D.1.111 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-41

Figure 8D.1.112 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-41

Figure 8D.1.113 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-41

Figure 8D.1.114 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-42

Figure 8D.1.115 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-42

Figure 8D.1.116 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-42

Figure 8D.1.117 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-43

Figure 8D.1.118 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard Level: 4;

High Transformer Loading Scenario ............................ 8D-43

Figure 8D.1.119 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-43

Figure 8D.1.120 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-44

Figure 8D.1.121 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-44

Figure 8D.1.122 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-44

Figure 8D.1.123 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-45

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Figure 8D.1.124 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-45

Figure 8D.1.125 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-45

Figure 8D.1.126 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-46

Figure 8D.1.127 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-46

Figure 8D.1.128 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-46

Figure 8D.1.129 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-47

Figure 8D.1.130 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-47

Figure 8D.1.131 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-47

Figure 8D.1.132 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-48

Figure 8D.1.133 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-48

Figure 8D.1.134 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-48

Figure 8D.1.135 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-49

Figure 8D.1.136 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-49

Figure 8D.1.137 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-49

Figure 8D.1.138 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 1, Candidate 

Standard Level 5 ........................................... 8D-50

Figure 8D.1.139 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-51

Figure 8D.1.140 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-51

Figure 8D.1.141 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-51

Figure 8D.1.142 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-52

Figure 8D.1.143 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-52

Figure 8D.1.144 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-52

Figure 8D.1.145 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-53

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Figure 8D.1.146 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-53

Figure 8D.1.147 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-53

Figure 8D.1.148 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-54

Figure 8D.1.149 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-54

Figure 8D.1.150 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-54

Figure 8D.1.151 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-55

Figure 8D.1.152 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-55

Figure 8D.1.153 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-55

Figure 8D.1.154 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-56

Figure 8D.1.155 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-56

Figure 8D.1.156 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-56

Figure 8D.1.157 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-57

Figure 8D.1.158 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-57

Figure 8D.1.159 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-57

Figure 8D.1.160 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-58

Figure 8D.1.161 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-58

Figure 8D.1.162 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-58

Figure 8D.1.163 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-59

Figure 8D.1.164 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-59

Figure 8D.1.165 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-59

Figure 8D.1.166 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-60

Figure 8D.1.167 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-60

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Figure 8D.1.168 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-60

Figure 8D.1.169 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-61

Figure 8D.1.170 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-61

Figure 8D.1.171 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-61

Figure 8D.1.172 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 1, Candidate 

Standard Level 6 ........................................... 8D-62

Figure 8D.1.173 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-63

Figure 8D.1.174 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-63

Figure 8D.1.175 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-63

Figure 8D.1.176 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-64

Figure 8D.1.177 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-64

Figure 8D.1.178 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-64

Figure 8D.1.179 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-65

Figure 8D.1.180 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-65

Figure 8D.1.181 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-65

Figure 8D.1.182 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-66

Figure 8D.1.183 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-66

Figure 8D.1.184 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-66

Figure 8D.1.185 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-67

Figure 8D.1.186 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-67

Figure 8D.1.187 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-67

Figure 8D.1.188 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-68

Figure 8D.1.189 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-68

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Figure 8D.1.190 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-68

Figure 8D.1.191 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-69

Figure 8D.1.192 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-69

Figure 8D.1.193 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-69

Figure 8D.1.194 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-70

Figure 8D.1.195 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-70

Figure 8D.1.196 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-70

Figure 8D.1.197 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-71

Figure 8D.1.198 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-71

Figure 8D.1.199 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-71

Figure 8D.1.200 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-72

Figure 8D.1.201 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-72

Figure 8D.1.202 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-72

Figure 8D.1.203 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-73

Figure 8D.1.204 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-73

Figure 8D.1.205 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 1; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-73

Figure 8D.2.1 Mean LCC Savings ($), by Scenario for Design Line 12 ............ 8D-74

Figure 8D.2.2 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 12 , Candidate 

Standard Level 1 ........................................... 8D-75

Figure 8D.2.3 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-76

Figure 8D.2.4 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-76

Figure 8D.2.5 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-76

Figure 8D.2.6 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-77

Figure 8D.2.7 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 1; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-77

Figure 8D.2.8 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-77

Figure 8D.2.9 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-78

Figure 8D.2.10 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-78

Figure 8D.2.11 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-78

Figure 8D.2.12 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-79

Figure 8D.2.13 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-79

Figure 8D.2.14 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-79

Figure 8D.2.15 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-80

Figure 8D.2.16 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-80

Figure 8D.2.17 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-80

Figure 8D.2.18 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-81

Figure 8D.2.19 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-81

Figure 8D.2.20 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-81

Figure 8D.2.21 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-82

Figure 8D.2.22 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-82

Figure 8D.2.23 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-82

Figure 8D.2.24 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Medium Load Growth Scenario ........................ 8D-83

Figure 8D.2.25 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Medium Load Growth Scenario ........................ 8D-83

Figure 8D.2.26 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Medium Load Growth Scenario ........................ 8D-83

Figure 8D.2.27 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-84

Figure 8D.2.28 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-84

Figure 8D.2.29 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 1; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-84

Figure 8D.2.30 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-85

Figure 8D.2.31 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-85

Figure 8D.2.32 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-85

Figure 8D.2.33 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-86

Figure 8D.2.34 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-86

Figure 8D.2.35 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 1; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-86

Figure 8D.2.36 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 12 , Candidate 

Standard Level 2 ........................................... 8D-87

Figure 8D.2.37 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-88

Figure 8D.2.38 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-88

Figure 8D.2.39 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Baseline Scenario ................................... 8D-88

Figure 8D.2.40 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-89

Figure 8D.2.41 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-89

Figure 8D.2.42 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-89

Figure 8D.2.43 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-90

Figure 8D.2.44 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-90

Figure 8D.2.45 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High A & B Distribution Scenario ...................... 8D-90

Figure 8D.2.46 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-91

Figure 8D.2.47 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-91

Figure 8D.2.48 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-91

Figure 8D.2.49 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-92

Figure 8D.2.50 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-92

Figure 8D.2.51 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 2; High Transformer Loading Scenario .................... 8D-92

Figure 8D.2.52 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-93

Figure 8D.2.53 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-93

Figure 8D.2.54 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Electricity Price Scenario ......................... 8D-93

Figure 8D.2.55 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-94

Figure 8D.2.56 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-94

Figure 8D.2.57 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-94

Figure 8D.2.58 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Medium Load Growth Scenario ........................ 8D-95

Figure 8D.2.59 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Medium Load Growth Scenario ........................ 8D-95

Figure 8D.2.60 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Medium Load Growth Scenario ........................ 8D-95

Figure 8D.2.61 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-96

Figure 8D.2.62 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-96

Figure 8D.2.63 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Load Growth Scenario ........................... 8D-96

Figure 8D.2.64 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-97

Figure 8D.2.65 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-97

Figure 8D.2.66 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; Low Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-97

Figure 8D.2.67 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-98

Figure 8D.2.68 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-98

Figure 8D.2.69 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 2; High Equipment Price Scenario ........................ 8D-98

Figure 8D.2.70 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 12 , Candidate 

Standard Level 3 ........................................... 8D-99

Figure 8D.2.71 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-100

Figure 8D.2.72 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-100

Figure 8D.2.73 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 3; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-100

Figure 8D.2.74 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-101

Figure 8D.2.75 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-101

Figure 8D.2.76 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-101

Figure 8D.2.77 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-102

Figure 8D.2.78 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-102

Figure 8D.2.79 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-102

Figure 8D.2.80 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-103

Figure 8D.2.81 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-103

Figure 8D.2.82 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-103

Figure 8D.2.83 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-104

Figure 8D.2.84 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-104

Figure 8D.2.85 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-104

Figure 8D.2.86 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-105

Figure 8D.2.87 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-105

Figure 8D.2.88 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-105

Figure 8D.2.89 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-106

Figure 8D.2.90 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-106

Figure 8D.2.91 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-106

Figure 8D.2.92 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-107

Figure 8D.2.93 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-107

Figure 8D.2.94 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-107

Figure 8D.2.95 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 3; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-108

Figure 8D.2.96 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-108

Figure 8D.2.97 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-108

Figure 8D.2.98 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-109

Figure 8D.2.99 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-109

Figure 8D.2.100 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-109

Figure 8D.2.101 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-110

Figure 8D.2.102 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-110

Figure 8D.2.103 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 3; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-110

Figure 8D.2.104 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 12 , Candidate 

Standard Level 4 .......................................... 8D-111

Figure 8D.2.105 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-112

Figure 8D.2.106 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-112

Figure 8D.2.107 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-112

Figure 8D.2.108 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-113

Figure 8D.2.109 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-113

Figure 8D.2.110 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-113

Figure 8D.2.111 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-114

Figure 8D.2.112 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-114

Figure 8D.2.113 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-114

Figure 8D.2.114 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-115

Figure 8D.2.115 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-115

Figure 8D.2.116 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-115

Figure 8D.2.117 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 4; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-116

Figure 8D.2.118 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-116

Figure 8D.2.119 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-116

Figure 8D.2.120 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-117

Figure 8D.2.121 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-117

Figure 8D.2.122 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-117

Figure 8D.2.123 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-118

Figure 8D.2.124 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-118

Figure 8D.2.125 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-118

Figure 8D.2.126 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-119

Figure 8D.2.127 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-119

Figure 8D.2.128 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-119

Figure 8D.2.129 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard Level: 4;

High Load Growth Scenario ................................. 8D-120

Figure 8D.2.130 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard Level: 4;

High Load Growth Scenario ................................. 8D-120

Figure 8D.2.131 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard Level:

4; High Load Growth Scenario ............................... 8D-120

Figure 8D.2.132 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard Level: 4;

Low Equipment Price Scenario ............................... 8D-121

Figure 8D.2.133 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-121

Figure 8D.2.134 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-121

Figure 8D.2.135 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-122

Figure 8D.2.136 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-122

Figure 8D.2.137 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 4; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-122

Figure 8D.2.138 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 12 , Candidate 

Standard Level 5 .......................................... 8D-123

Figure 8D.2.139 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 5; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-124

Figure 8D.2.140 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-124

Figure 8D.2.141 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-124

Figure 8D.2.142 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-125

Figure 8D.2.143 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-125

Figure 8D.2.144 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-125

Figure 8D.2.145 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-126

Figure 8D.2.146 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-126

Figure 8D.2.147 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-126

Figure 8D.2.148 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-127

Figure 8D.2.149 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-127

Figure 8D.2.150 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-127

Figure 8D.2.151 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-128

Figure 8D.2.152 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-128

Figure 8D.2.153 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-128

Figure 8D.2.154 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-129

Figure 8D.2.155 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-129

Figure 8D.2.156 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-129

Figure 8D.2.157 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-130

Figure 8D.2.158 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-130

Figure 8D.2.159 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-130

Figure 8D.2.160 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-131

Figure 8D.2.161 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 5; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-131

Figure 8D.2.162 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-131

Figure 8D.2.163 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-132

Figure 8D.2.164 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-132

Figure 8D.2.165 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-132

Figure 8D.2.166 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-133

Figure 8D.2.167 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-133

Figure 8D.2.168 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-133

Figure 8D.2.169 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-134

Figure 8D.2.170 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-134

Figure 8D.2.171 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 5; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-134

Figure 8D.2.172 Sensitivity of LCC to Input Changes for Design Line 12, Candidate 

Standard Level 6 .......................................... 8D-135

Figure 8D.2.173 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-136

Figure 8D.2.174 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-136

Figure 8D.2.175 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Baseline Scenario .................................. 8D-136

Figure 8D.2.176 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-137

Figure 8D.2.177 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-137

Figure 8D.2.178 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-137

Figure 8D.2.179 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-138

Figure 8D.2.180 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-138

Figure 8D.2.181 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High A & B Distribution Scenario ..................... 8D-138

Figure 8D.2.182 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-139

Figure 8D.2.183 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 6; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-139

Figure 8D.2.184 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-139

Figure 8D.2.185 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-140

Figure 8D.2.186 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-140

Figure 8D.2.187 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Transformer Loading Scenario ................... 8D-140

Figure 8D.2.188 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-141

Figure 8D.2.189 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-141

Figure 8D.2.190 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Electricity Price Scenario ........................ 8D-141

Figure 8D.2.191 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-142

Figure 8D.2.192 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-142

Figure 8D.2.193 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Electricity Price Scenario ....................... 8D-142

Figure 8D.2.194 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-143

Figure 8D.2.195 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-143

Figure 8D.2.196 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Medium Load Growth Scenario ....................... 8D-143

Figure 8D.2.197 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-144

Figure 8D.2.198 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-144

Figure 8D.2.199 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Load Growth Scenario .......................... 8D-144

Figure 8D.2.200 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-145

Figure 8D.2.201 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-145

Figure 8D.2.202 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; Low Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-145

Figure 8D.2.203 LCC Savings Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-146

Figure 8D.2.204 Payback Period Frequency Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

Level: 6; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-146

Figure 8D.2.205 LCC Savings Cumulative Chart; Design Line: 12; Candidate Standard 

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Level: 6; High Equipment Price Scenario ....................... 8D-146

Figure 8E.3.1 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 Representative 

Unit, Baseline ............................................... 8E-5

Figure 8E.3.2 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 1 ................................ 8E-5

Figure 8E.3.3 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 2 ................................ 8E-6

Figure 8E.3.4 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 3 ................................ 8E-6

Figure 8E.3.5 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 4 ................................ 8E-7

Figure 8E.3.6 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 5 ................................ 8E-7

Figure 8E.3.7 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 1 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 6 ................................ 8E-8

Figure 8E.3.8 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 Representative 

Unit, Baseline ............................................... 8E-8

Figure 8E.3.9 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 1 ................................ 8E-9

Figure 8E.3.10 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 2 ................................ 8E-9

Figure 8E.3.11 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-10

Figure 8E.3.12 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 4 ............................... 8E-10

Figure 8E.3.13 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 5 ............................... 8E-11

Figure 8E.3.14 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 2 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 6 ............................... 8E-11

Figure 8E.3.15 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-12

Figure 8E.3.16 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 1 ............................... 8E-12

Figure 8E.3.17 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 2 ............................... 8E-13

Figure 8E.3.18 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 3 ............................... 8E-13

Figure 8E.3.19 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 4 ............................... 8E-14

Figure 8E.3.20 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 Representative 

Unit, Candidate Standard Level 5 ............................... 8E-14

Figure 8E.3.21 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 3 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 6 .................................... 8E-15

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Figure 8E.3.22 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-15

Figure 8E.3.23 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 1 .................................... 8E-16

Figure 8E.3.24 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 2 .................................... 8E-16

Figure 8E.3.25 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-17

Figure 8E.3.26 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 4 .................................... 8E-17

Figure 8E.3.27 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 5 .................................... 8E-18

Figure 8E.3.28 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 4 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 6 .................................... 8E-18

Figure 8E.3.29 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 5 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-19

Figure 8E.3.30 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 5 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 1 .................................... 8E-19

Figure 8E.3.31 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 5 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 2 .................................... 8E-20

Figure 8E.3.32 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 5 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-20

Figure 8E.3.33 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 5 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 4 .................................... 8E-21

Figure 8E.3.34 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 5 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 5 .................................... 8E-21

Figure 8E.3.35 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-22

Figure 8E.3.36 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 1 .................................... 8E-22

Figure 8E.3.37 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 2 .................................... 8E-23

Figure 8E.3.38 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-23

Figure 8E.3.39 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 4 .................................... 8E-24

Figure 8E.3.40 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 5 .................................... 8E-24

Figure 8E.3.41 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 9 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 6 .................................... 8E-25

Figure 8E.3.42 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 10 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-25

Figure 8E.3.43 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 10 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 1 .................................... 8E-26

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Figure 8E.3.44 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 10 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 2 .................................... 8E-26

Figure 8E.3.45 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 10 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-27

Figure 8E.3.46 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 10 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 4 .................................... 8E-27

Figure 8E.3.47 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 10 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 5 .................................... 8E-28

Figure 8E.3.48 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 10 Representative Unit, Candidate

Standard Level 6 ............................................ 8E-28

Figure 8E.3.49 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-29

Figure 8E.3.50 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 1 .................................... 8E-29

Figure 8E.3.51 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 2 .................................... 8E-30

Figure 8E.3.52 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-30

Figure 8E.3.53 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 4 .................................... 8E-31

Figure 8E.3.54 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 5 .................................... 8E-31

Figure 8E.3.55 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 11 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 6 .................................... 8E-32

Figure 8E.3.56 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-32

Figure 8E.3.57 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 1 .................................... 8E-33

Figure 8E.3.58 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 2 .................................... 8E-33

Figure 8E.3.59 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-34

Figure 8E.3.60 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 4 .................................... 8E-34

Figure 8E.3.61 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 5 .................................... 8E-35

Figure 8E.3.62 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 12 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 6 .................................... 8E-35

Figure 8E.3.63 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 Representative 

Unit, Baseline .............................................. 8E-36

Figure 8E.3.64 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 1 .................................... 8E-36

Figure 8E.3.65 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 2 .................................... 8E-37

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Figure 8E.3.66 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 3 .................................... 8E-37

Figure 8E.3.67 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 4 .................................... 8E-38

Figure 8E.3.68 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 5 .................................... 8E-38

Figure 8E.3.69 Distribution of Efficiencies for Design Line 13 Representative Unit, 

Candidate Standard Level 6 .................................... 8E-39

Figure 10B.1.1 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-1

Figure 10B.1.2 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................. 10B-2

Figure 10B.1.3 Results Table for Dry-Type, Low Price Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ...... 10B-4

Figure 10B.1.4 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario ................................................... 10B-9

Figure 10B.1.5 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................ 10B-10

Figure 10B.1.6 Results Table for Dry-Type, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................ 10B-12

Figure 10B.1.7 Summary Results for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-17

Figure 10B.1.8 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) ............................................. 10B-18

Figure 10B.1.9 Results Table for Dry-Type, High Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.2) ..... 10B-20

Figure 10B.2.1 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-25

Figure 10B.2.2 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................ 10B-26

Figure 10B.2.3 Results Table for Dry-Type, Low Price Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ..... 10B-28

Figure 10B.2.4 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-33

Figure 10B.2.5 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................ 10B-34

Figure 10B.2.6 Results Table for Dry-Type, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................ 10B-36

Figure 10B.2.7 Summary Results for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-41

Figure 10B.2.8 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) ............................................. 10B-42

Figure 10B.2.9 Results Table for Dry-Type, High Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.2) ..... 10B-44

Figure 10B.3.1 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-49

Figure 10B.3.2 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................ 10B-50

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Figure 10B.3.3 Results Table for Dry-Type, Low Price Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ..... 10B-52

Figure 10B.3.4 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-57

Figure 10B.3.5 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................ 10B-58

Figure 10B.3.6 Results Table for Dry-Type, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................ 10B-60

Figure 10B.3.7 Summary Results for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-65

Figure 10B.3.8 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) ............................................. 10B-66

Figure 10B.3.9 Results Table for Dry-Type, High Price Elasticity Scenario (-0.2) ..... 10B-68

Figure 10B.4.1 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-73

Figure 10B.4.2 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario (0.00) ............................................ 10B-74

Figure 10B.4.3 Results Table for Dry-Type, Low Price Elasticity Scenario (0.00) ..... 10B-76

Figure 10B.4.4 Summary Results for All Product Classes, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-81

Figure 10B.4.5 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.04) ............................................ 10B-82

Figure 10B.4.6 Results Table for Dry-Type, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.02) ............................................ 10B-84

Figure 10B.4.7 Summary Results for All Product Classes, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario .................................................. 10B-89

Figure 10B.4.8 Results Table for Liquid-Immersed, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) ............................................. 10B-90

Figure 10B.4.9 Results Table for Dry-Type, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario (-0.2) ............................................. 10B-92

Figure 11A.1.1 Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-2

Figure 11A.1.2 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-2

Figure 11A.1.3 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-2

Figure 11A.1.4 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-3

Figure 11A.1.5 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-3

Figure 11A.1.6 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-3

Figure 11A.1.7 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-4

Figure 11A.1.8 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-4

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Figure 11A.1.9 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-4

Figure 11A.1.10 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-5

Figure 11A.1.11 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-5

Figure 11A.1.12 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-5

Figure 11A.1.13 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-6

Figure 11A.1.14 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-6

Figure 11A.1.15 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-6

Figure 11A.1.16 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-7

Figure 11A.1.17 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-7

Figure 11A.1.18 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-7

Figure 11A.1.19 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-9

Figure 11A.1.20 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-9

Figure 11A.1.21 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................... 11A-9

Figure 11A.1.22 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-10

Figure 11A.1.23 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-10

Figure 11A.1.24 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-10

Figure 11A.1.25 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-11

Figure 11A.1.26 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-11

Figure 11A.1.27 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-11

Figure 11A.1.28 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-12

Figure 11A.1.29 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-12

Figure 11A.1.30 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-12

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Figure 11A.1.31 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-13

Figure 11A.1.32 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-13

Figure 11A.1.33 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-13

Figure 11A.1.34 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-14

Figure 11A.1.35 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-14

Figure 11A.1.36 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-14

Figure 11A.1.37 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-16

Figure 11A.1.38 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-16

Figure 11A.1.39 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-16

Figure 11A.1.40 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-17

Figure 11A.1.41 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-17

Figure 11A.1.42 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-17

Figure 11A.1.43 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-18

Figure 11A.1.44 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-18

Figure 11A.1.45 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-18

Figure 11A.1.46 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-19

Figure 11A.1.47 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-19

Figure 11A.1.48 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-19

Figure 11A.1.49 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-20

Figure 11A.1.50 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-20

Figure 11A.1.51 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-20

Figure 11A.1.52 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-21

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Figure 11A.1.53 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-21

Figure 11A.1.54 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-21

Figure 11A.1.55 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-23

Figure 11A.1.56 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-23

Figure 11A.1.57 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-23

Figure 11A.1.58 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-24

Figure 11A.1.59 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-24

Figure 11A.1.60 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-24

Figure 11A.1.61 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-25

Figure 11A.1.62 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-25

Figure 11A.1.63 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-25

Figure 11A.1.64 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-26

Figure 11A.1.65 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-26

Figure 11A.1.66 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-26

Figure 11A.1.67 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-27

Figure 11A.1.68 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-27

Figure 11A.1.69 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-27

Figure 11A.1.70 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-28

Figure 11A.1.71 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-28

Figure 11A.1.72 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-28

Figure 11A.1.73 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-30

Figure 11A.1.74 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-30

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Figure 11A.1.75 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-30

Figure 11A.1.76 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-31

Figure 11A.1.77 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-31

Figure 11A.1.78 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-31

Figure 11A.1.79 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-32

Figure 11A.1.80 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-32

Figure 11A.1.81 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-32

Figure 11A.1.82 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-33

Figure 11A.1.83 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-33

Figure 11A.1.84 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-33

Figure 11A.1.85 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-34

Figure 11A.1.86 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-34

Figure 11A.1.87 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-34

Figure 11A.1.88 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-35

Figure 11A.1.89 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup ................. 11A-35

Figure 11A.1.90 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Municipal Utilities Subgroup .................. 11A-35

Figure 11A.2.1 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-37

Figure 11A.2.2 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-37

Figure 11A.2.3 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-37

Figure 11A.2.4 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-38

Figure 11A.2.5 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-38

Figure 11A.2.6 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-38

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Figure 11A.2.7 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-39

Figure 11A.2.8 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-39

Figure 11A.2.9 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-39

Figure 11A.2.10 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-40

Figure 11A.2.11 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-40

Figure 11A.2.12 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-40

Figure 11A.2.13 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-41

Figure 11A.2.14 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-41

Figure 11A.2.15 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-41

Figure 11A.2.16 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-42

Figure 11A.2.17 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-42

Figure 11A.2.18 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 1: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-42

Figure 11A.2.19 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-44

Figure 11A.2.20 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-44

Figure 11A.2.21 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-44

Figure 11A.2.22 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-45

Figure 11A.2.23 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-45

Figure 11A.2.24 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-45

Figure 11A.2.25 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-46

Figure 11A.2.26 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-46

Figure 11A.2.27 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-46

Figure 11A.2.28 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-47

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Figure 11A.2.29 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-47

Figure 11A.2.30 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-47

Figure 11A.2.31 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-48

Figure 11A.2.32 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-48

Figure 11A.2.33 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-48

Figure 11A.2.34 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-49

Figure 11A.2.35 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-49

Figure 11A.2.36 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 2: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-49

Figure 11A.2.37 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-51

Figure 11A.2.38 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-51

Figure 11A.2.39 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-51

Figure 11A.2.40 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-52

Figure 11A.2.41 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-52

Figure 11A.2.42 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-52

Figure 11A.2.43 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-53

Figure 11A.2.44 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-53

Figure 11A.2.45 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-53

Figure 11A.2.46 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-54

Figure 11A.2.47 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-54

Figure 11A.2.48 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-54

Figure 11A.2.49 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-55

Figure 11A.2.50 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-55

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Figure 11A.2.51 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-55

Figure 11A.2.52 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-56

Figure 11A.2.53 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-56

Figure 11A.2.54 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 3: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-56

Figure 11A.2.55 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-58

Figure 11A.2.56 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-58

Figure 11A.2.57 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-58

Figure 11A.2.58 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-59

Figure 11A.2.59 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-59

Figure 11A.2.60 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-59

Figure 11A.2.61 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-60

Figure 11A.2.62 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-60

Figure 11A.2.63 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-60

Figure 11A.2.64 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-61

Figure 11A.2.65 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-61

Figure 11A.2.66 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-61

Figure 11A.2.67 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-62

Figure 11A.2.68 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-62

Figure 11A.2.69 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-62

Figure 11A.2.70 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-63

Figure 11A.2.71 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-63

Figure 11A.2.72 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 4: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-63

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Figure 11A.2.73 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-65

Figure 11A.2.74 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-65

Figure 11A.2.75 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 1, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-65

Figure 11A.2.76 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-66

Figure 11A.2.77 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-66

Figure 11A.2.78 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 2, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-66

Figure 11A.2.79 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-67

Figure 11A.2.80 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-67

Figure 11A.2.81 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 3, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-67

Figure 11A.2.82 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-68

Figure 11A.2.83 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-68

Figure 11A.2.84 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 4, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-68

Figure 11A.2.85 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-69

Figure 11A.2.86 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-69

Figure 11A.2.87 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 5, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-69

Figure 11A.2.88 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-70

Figure 11A.2.89 LCC Savings for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Cumulative Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup ................. 11A-70

Figure 11A.2.90 Payback Period for Candidate Standard Level 6, Design Line 5: 

Frequency Chart, Rural Cooperatives Subgroup .................. 11A-70

Figure 13A.1.1 Modified Residential Delivered Natural Gas Price ................. 13A-3

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