REF ID:A62875 

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lii- Siii!:-

P. 79 ot Majority ~iB ~R~~a ~ Intelligence .avail.a-e -n .. a:e!Lr.gton "Magic" 

"With the exercise of the greatest ingenuit7 and utmost 

resourcefulness, regarded 'b1' the committee as meriting 

the highest commendation, the War and Na'VJ' Departments 

collaborated in breaking the Japanese diplomatic codes. 

Ttmough the exploitation of intercepted and decoded 

messages between Japan and her diplomatic establishment 

the so-called Magic, a wealth of intelligence concerning the purposes of the Japanese was available in 

Washington.• . . and again, on p. 2.32: ~c..~ ... ,~ 

••• 9 all witnesses familiar with~} material throughout the war have testif'ied that it contributed enormous 

ly to the defeat of the ene1117, greatly shortened the 

war and save~r:z1Y ~s.J!J_~!:,uc ( ~·..-

@ 

A-3 

5. What is this 11~ ID : A62 8 7 5 

Origin of term. W'ii didn!t ua.11 thii i118.Chine that. 

TIME was wrong in that respect. 

The British first used. Our •tJagic Smnmary111 

nl4agic0 -cover name for product of COJillINT operation 

6. Handbook for magicians: 1st gives •The Effect .. 2nd: 

How produced -the method. I won't be able to give 

mu.ch re methods today but can give background and 

some effects. 

7. Before proceeding, must say few words or caution 

required b7 security considerations. Hardly need 

stress necessity tor secrecy re CI work and results. 

Hope ot future success depends to very- great degree 

on maintaining secrecy with respect to past achieve 

manta. Changes easy to make and hard for COMINT 

((1"\IQ!r) 
·~ ~-· people to tollow.,...,,mec.:J;lt,. C?.f... c;o~se or leakage J. ~ widespread becaus~ wi-filr" o~Hi.lwllle use or 

·1."' cryptosystems. During 11'1 II continuance of success 

·~ often hung b7 verr slegger thread. DSS """~-~ ~ Examples: J red~ UIDWU'1 next card)(and P.H~inves-

! tigat1on. Yardley 1 s A B C • l'O:zo.A.. I •Wit f· '1-I 

l .. Public #513 - Everybod7 must be careful. As tor me, 

~ haven't ever been in jug and don't think would like it ~ , Also harclly need give def'ini tion of COMINT but 

~ 1 .. ..\ ~e sure we all understand: COMINT is information ~ produced b7 an agency engaged in stud7ing radio trans- ~ ss~ons and other communications of a toreign country ~ Divided into: 

1) Special intelligence 

, - 2) '111-~ w.1.o~llJI' ,. ~'})\~~-..lJ...;:a~ ~ .. 'l.:~ ~~'I..~~ .e,m.., w~...rc:--~~ .--~.1J~~~~· 
A•4 

These are natura:ll.T ~SJ1!1nt~·B~cing complete 

answers .. School instructors have no doubt given adequate definitions so will simply' cite three main objectives of 

COYINT: 

A. Pronde authentic information for planners and 

policf makers to apprise them of the realitieB.,-' 

··or the international situation, of the war•DIElking 

capabilities and vulnerabilities of foreign 

countries, and of the intentions of those coun• 

tries with respect to war. 

~­

~c. 

To .. l!lidnate the element of surprise 'from an act 

of aggression by another country. 

To provide unique information essential to the 

succesaf'ul prosecution of war and vital to a © shortening of the period of hostilities. 

LECTURE REF ID : A62 8 iiJf! SLIDE 6.21 

The syllabary used l:)y Thomas Jefferson (Extract 

from decoding section~ 

/That all •round genius also may be regarded as 

oeing the first American inventor of cryptographic deviaes -- as will be discussed later.:7 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID:A62875 

Federal A::rm7 Route Cipher 

9 

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10.1 

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~~ ~-~Jc, - _--taQJL c ~t -

\}~ ~~ _ _:?_ Clf. -1 /vi 
- REF ID:A62875 

War Department Code in Spanish-American War -- the coda of 1885 plus additive -777 
• ,.J 

REF ID : A62 B 7 IPR 'sti$ I57 

Colonel George Fabya.n 

How I ca~to be a cryp:t!_ologist -- Ri:verbank Laboratori 

Departments of Genetics, CiP-hers, Acoustics 

World War I in progress since 1914. U.S. P.,Osition. 

Fabyan. 1s foresi~t - U.S. had no cryptologic bureau. 

Contact with Government Departments. School for 

training. -
REF ID:A62875 

I am commissioned and go directly to AEF 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID : A62 ~ SLIDE 12 

Transposition cipher system used by' the French Artrq 

in World War I. Copied from a German book on cr,yptograpq (Figl)-and correct. 
REF ID:A62875 

LECTURE NOTE FOR SLIDE 13 

Cipher system used by' the Italian Arll\Y in World War 

I. A simple numerical equivalent of the Vigenere 

table and qstem. 
tEcifriRE -- _.,,. .......... __ ., ... 

_FOR_ SLIDE 159 

REF ID : A62 B'7"5 

Major General J.O. Mauborgne 

/j.. As Major in 1920 head of Hesearch and Engineering 

\

I Division of OCSig8, gave real impetus to R&D in crypto 

graphic field. 

\ 

2. His contact with Riverbank brings knowledge of ll 

Bitt•e device and he got some ideas as to alphabets 

and form • 

.3. Be has some test messages set up in hie alphabet.a? 
.. LECTURE NOTE REF ID : A621lf1'/ §LIDE -2J.:l 

[Renaissance of u. s. A. interes~ 

Mauborgners pamphlet on solution of Playfair cipher 

system. · 
. 

LECTURE REF ID : A62 8 ?SR SLIDE 16 

.. An example of a commercial code 

/Call attention to 2-letter difference. All kinds, - suited arrl specially constructed. for general or 

specific busin~sses and in:iustries, such as leather, 

steel, automotive, shipping, etc~7 
LE@jRj_ REF ID: A62~IDE- i7 

Chinese official telegraphic code 1101 
LF.CTURE ' REF ID : A62 BQ SLIDE 18 ... 

A highly specialized "commercial code" 

' 

[Call attention to 3-letter difference: 

YGATA - COMA 

YGKRO - DjLIRIUM T~.ENS 

YGCIB #coNSTIPATION • 

YGMAN - DIARRHEA 
LECTURE REF ID : A62 ~SLIDE 133 

B~ck in Washington - MI-8 was worlcing. 

Officers of M.I.-8 in World War I 

[Point out Manly who solved the Waberski telegram. 

Practically, all prafessors at universities-- shows 

that ideas as to'caliber of intellect required were 

good am recognition of fact that no poot from 

which to draw trained personnel because there is 

. no civilian occupational specialty of the same 

nature;/ · 
I 

RE~ tn : A62 8 7Jlli ·sr;m 155 

Herbert o. Iardlq as First Lieutenan_t, 1919 

C1trect or d1sclosuresl7 
LECTURE NOTE REf ID : A62 B'FJ>5 SLIDE 2S.l 

The Waberski message. I 

. Here is the deciphered German text, and this is 

what it said: "To the Imperial Consular officials 

of the Republic of Mexico. Strictly secret& The 

bearer of thJ.S is a subJeCt of the Empire who 

travels as a Russian under the name of Pablo Waberski. He is a Germ.an agent;n And so forth. The 

Court sentenced him to be shot; President Wilson 

commuted. the sentence to life imprisonment; and he 

was out of the pokey after only one year I " 
LECTURE NOTE 

REF ID:A6287~ Fen SLIDE 3 8 

The Oil Scandal investigation. 

VJ~ }1o'6,(}t)V ~t.) Jv· ~'-I u b~'ti'C&-w-:l 
LECTURE REF ID : A6:i§&JLIDE ~.l 

A cryptogram sent to President Roosevelt 

"NDOIMDEYLOAUEETVIEBR? 

Or else you dieJ1'' 

- ' Did you ever bite a 1 anon? 

v 
LECTURE REF ID : A62 8 7 5JR SLIDE 45 

The earliest picture of a cipher disk, i'rom Alberti 

Trattati in cii'ra, Rome, c. 1470. 

"Oldest tract on cryptogra}hy the world now possesses" 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID : A621!1V SLIDE 45 .4 

The Alberti Disk reincarnated in the U.S. Army 

Cipher Disk of 1914-18. 
LECTURE REF ID : A621$0JgLIDE 47 

The cipher disk as again patented in 1924 -- Hunti -:rton Patent U.f!.J • 

/Shows that the Patent Office does not have general T ' information on cryptography because of the secrecy 

involved.:J 
LECTURE REF ID : A62 8 7fi'H SLIDE 48 

Original Wheatston~ cipher device {invented and 

described in 1879~. 

f!ust improvement on the Alberti disk;/ 

-
LECTURE REF ID : A6zli!' §LIDE 49 .1 

- The Decius Wadsworth cipher device (invented and 

built in 1817 when Colonel Decius Wadsworth was 

Chief of Ordnan~e.) 
LECTURE REF ID : A62 fQI5SL~E 49 .4 

The Bazeries cryptographe cylindrique (1901) as 

shown in his.book 11Les chif'fres secrets devoiles" 

/But he may have described this in his article 

iicryptograph a 20 rondelles-alphabets" Comptes 

rend.us, Marselles, 1891..J 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID : A62 ef915SLIDE So 

Second page Qf Jefferson's description of "The 

'Wheel Cipher" 
LECTURE NOTE REF IQ : A62 8 t!J! SLIDE 16o 

~c:u.440 .. "e? Jt, ~ """"v.s.rr. 

Colonel.Parker Hitt 

&J.-~~~~~­

w ~~ \q \'S" -
LECTURE NOTE REF ID:A62B,i~ ....... _ SLIDE 50.8 

U.S. Arl1q Strip Cipher Device M-138. 
LECTURE REF ID: A62 Bli){!. SLIDE .$0.12 

U.S"I Army cipher device, Type M-138-A (with Russian 

legerds) 

/§toey 0£ Russian legends and how they came to be 

-there;/ , 
REF ID :A62875 54 

The Kryha cipher machine 
REF ID :A62875 S9 

Swedish machine connected to electric typewriter 
LECTURE I REF ID : A62 B 761 SLIDE 65 

' 

The keyboard electrically-operated B-211 Swedish 

.machine 

LS'elf-contained, instead of separate typewriter..:7' 
LECTURE REF ID : A6281§ SLIDE 7l.l 

The .first Hebern machine 

,l'M&nu.ractured for use_ by the Ku Klux naef! 

. 

@ 
LECTURE REF ID : A62 8 "FSR SLIDE 72 

The 5-rotor Heberil machine 

/_Story ~r solutioy 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID :A62875 165 

W.F.F.•a •work•sheetn solution of Navy challenge 

messages. 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID : A62 B~ri5SLIDE 172 .10 

One ot Hebern' s developments for the Navy, after his 

release. 

/This is the one that wouldn•t work - but Hebern said 

-the contract didn•t specifically state that it had 

to work. He insisted on being paid -- and wasg 

... - (One Navy file insisted that Navy had an admiral in 

Navy District HQ in s. F. just to keep Hebem out 

of jail so he ~ould f:inish Navy contractl) 
REF ID :A62875 170 

u. ~. Army Converter M"'l.34-Tl 

Basic principle - external keying element 
REF ID: A62875 170.4 

U.S. Ar1113 Converter M-134-T2 ( \()"3~) 
. -... , .... REF ID:A62875 

The SIGABA/ECll 

(Converter M-134-C) 

173 
LECTURE NOTE . REF ID : A62 lj'~SLIDE 56 

With growth of teletn>e communications the need for 

and practicability of automatic encipherment became obvious. • 

-- The first attempt -- the machi?E developed by 

the AT&T Co. (1918) in collaboration with the 

S:ignal Corps. · 
REF ID :A62875 , 64 

The IT&T Co. Teletype cipher attachment 

(Internal mechanism exposed) 

· Solution story 

Effects of lack of contact with work 

Lesson re flying pay 

, 
LICTPRE NOTE_ REF ID: A62 ail? sr,ttii-l"iS 

In 1942 the need tor autaaatio teletype 

enoipherment was met on the basis ot expediency: 

the old AT&T Co. double-tape system was 

adopted and installed on a "crash" program 

at the few signal centers. while a large 

program tor tbs production and procurement ct 

Converter :M-228 (SIGCUM) was being executed. 
LECTURE REF ID : A62 8 7 5'0R SLIDE 171 

M-161: Signal Corps model made at Fort Monmouth 

(Ef'f orts to develop field machine) 
REF ID: A62875 70.l 

Converter M-209 

• 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID:A62875 70.2 

Converter M-209 with keying mechanism exposed. 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID : A62 i¥!153LIDE 131 

Cryptanalysis of modern systems has been facilitated 

by the invention, development, and applic.ation of 

special cryptanalytic aids byway of machines. The 

nature of the problem - not merely the number of 

permutations and' combinations but the type is more 

improtant -- question of te:;!ting out multip1.icity of 

assumptions and hypotheses, commonly by statistical 

methods. 

High-speed. testing is secret& 

Earliest cryptanalytic devices at Riverbank 

Laboratories. 

@ 
REF ID:A628BJ5SLIDE1.31 

The Riverbank •Polyalphabetn -- the first cryptanalytic aid. 

J5i,, use of AT&T machines to compile DFC 1s (1921-22) 
REF ID : A62 8 7 5mJnE l.Ji 

- MY memo begging for ona set of iBM, dated 30 O~t 1934. 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID:A62875 135 

The IBM contract, dated 12 Nov l934J 

Just one half month later - a remarkable record. 

The memo must have been prett:y potent medicine! 

\ 
REF ID:A62875 141 

One wing of IBM installation in WW II 
mi------------,---- REF ID :A62875 145 

An analog. 

(This was for JAS system (Jap Milltt} 

' 
REF ID :A62875 195 

The Analog for Jap "Graen11 
REF ID: A62875 , 137 

,,. 

A 11brute f orcen machin~ 
REF ID: A62875 1.38 

Machine for matching messages. 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID:A62875 - 140 

The "Camel., 
REF ID:A62875 lh3 

The 11Auto-scritcher11 . 

f!.alin - the "Thinkery 

' '