IU»JlWiDIJ?.t 1'0 I 

WAR DEPARTMENT 

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF Sl~L OFFICER 

WASHINGTON 

Ree~arc.~ and Develop~ nt Division {T~HOOGH ler ~lan8 & traini"JC Livi~on) 

1 Attached hereto lll"& draft ilJeclflca.tion•, cl&.i:a, .J"d a 

drawing covuriJla • r"'"' ty ;e of c1-.:>h~r machine UiJOD hich _pttara 

patent are desired It. is ra us:lted that thoy be iorsrar ci2 to 

the Pat1111nts ecti.:m witn ths ra >ueet th!lt thay b ;r'=')lar-. tor 1t.b:a1as!~n to the Pat::mt 0.fJ.lco I 

2 This ory~tograph r•pr~eeuts a 1AOdific~t1Ju of t~~rlncl,U.u1 under]J'inz c1¥'her aaCJlln~ v=>~ 11-1.'.34-T ... , wh!c is/- b-~ conatruote~ at the Signal Cor~a L•bor t~r1•• l not 1nt~nded, bo~eve1, that th.a dav~lo~u1t rgfcrr~~ to bo 111l1.,Y 

wq at£ected ~ the present invunUon, which r1.._t>r~e rts altar .. 11.ativo •ohe:?lc thflt ma, ~ dcte1.r~ble to dev..,lo~ at eo:ao #lr<J 

tL!lo 

Attaahech 

Spscif iost1ona, claims, 

and drawing 

I 

li11UJ.w i l'ri<P• 

Signal Lntdll.1e.enotct1 n 

pproved for Release by NSA on 09-05-2013 pursuant to E.O. 

13526 - _,_...;1 -

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-......... -T-91' 

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( -- REF ID:A70313 

This invention rell\tes to cr;r,itographt11 nna. has as ita object tho provision or means 1'01 automatically, cont.lnuousl.} 1 and aperiodically chenging 

the cipher equi valent"I l opresentllll the pla.1.ri-te.xt c..harooters of a mossaga to 

bo communiaated 

The~ent1on is explained 1n connection with the accol!lpanylnt:. arawinga 

Figures l ana. 2 which are merely diagrallllllatic In thostt figures, which represent alternative arrangements o! bUt a part of the complete system, I treat tho 

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invention as ap~lied to a syste.n for onclphering a sot 0£ but ton elements, as 

for e..cam,t>le, the ten diglta, but my invention ls riot limited to this number or 

elements and can be e.pi>lled to tliL. ei1ci;l ormont o! aa lR.tg~ a oat 01 elements 

as ls aor.iprised in the tranomlssion of any kind of int.,llicence conveyed by -..... 

written symbols 

In figure l, there is shown n keyboard, 1, comprisinr t~n oontact-oloaing 

keys arranged as in t.h~ keyboarct 01 a modern t1:1n-koy adding machines 2 is a 

recording or 1nd1ca.tiJ1g device which m'\}" tAl"e tht5 form 0£ a set of mapota o:t a 

printing mechanism 01 a ban~ of glow l.i:nnv' to in<.licBte bf illuminatlon of suporimpoBed aymbols tho equivru enta rnsult.ini. .from anclp'lermentJ 3 1a a tRpe transniittsr or the usual tyli'e employed in automatic tolegrn,1:1h1 be.sod upon tho Baudot 

code, wnich tr'Ulsmitter, .m.der gu1da.~ca of a perforated ~~.pe, controls the 

perlll\ltatlve operation of tho se;t or .1I1fl611ets 1., 5, 6, 7, and SJ the aaaemblles 

) 

f laboled 9t 101 111 12, l) are connact1on-chenging devices• to be explained in 

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l 

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REF ID:A70313 

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detail bolo'• !01 .Jrov..i.dill(; a m.ulti;licity 01 paths for the passffie 01 an 

electric currant fro :i tl-J'9 keyboarJ. l to tna inaiaatint device 2 

TakJ.ni u; one of the asae~blies ret~rrdd to abovJ~ for ex9i::l~1J 1 asse.ubly 9, .... _ 

tl>.is i:s co:BJosed or two fi..c ... d bare 16 end 17, a elidable b<sr 1~, ana. a re:novable 

conriector ;late 21 Tho btlr1 ll., slides between the two fixed bars, 16 'Vld 17, 

the former or which carries ten contact surfaces, thcl l~tt~~, t~ent) contact sur-

!BJJes arranged 1n ten vairs SUa.abl_ bar 14 oerri.As t 11 conta.ct-Glald.ng eloments 

_,---.,==i• 

or s~rlngs inaulatca from ono another ena BUitablc for establishing conncotiona 

botwoen the contacts on bars 16 and .\,7 OI1e of these s;ri'lgs i<s laD.:il "' 15 'fihen 

bar 14 is in its normal or inoperative ~ositi~n nola so b1' ~etrPctile s~ring, 19, 

the contact epri,..&3 on bu- lt. ostablls1l c.on"l.eet.i.ons bct-een the contJ\ota on f1..cea 

bar 16 and tha lef'tr-hand memb..,r11 o! tne tialred contoots on tb:ed. ba.r 17, when 

bar 14 is drwm to tra rifht, urder the action or mP-Giiet. d, then the c-ontRat 

apr~s on bar l.. est&.blis'i connections bet Jeen the contact!!! O'l fl ou bar 16 and 

t..11.e r4ht-t Ana nemb:?rs or t!la paired cortn.ote on ii set bar 17 "'huJ, one or two 

alternative sete of tYl connections bety een the contact& on bar lo ana thoa& on 

bar 17, de~cmainc u.;>on the action of lll(!£net a can bo eatabli3hed For exannle, 

when bar 14 is in its normal or retiactea .i)OSition, undar th.:1 action of 1...011 d 

spring 18, a current entori11c.. asselilbq ~ at co:ltact l') woula continu_ along 

contact aprin~ 15 and emerge- at contact 2J on tixea bar 17, but wnen bar li. is 

drawn to tr e right under the action of m&t,net a, thlln the currttnt woulc. emerge 

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at contact 26 on fixed b'll" 17 - ._ -- ...-

.. 2 - --,-- -- .. -- --- --
REF ID :A70.3.13 - ---

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r 

-The oonnr...otor ;>late 21 consists or one 11et a"' twent, insul"ltea ball-bearing 

oontaota on one f'a.ce ana aoott-er set 0£ ten eimilar contacts on t'la other face 

Tne twenty cont3cts Ok tna one f aoe are cou~acted qy insul ted con~uctors to 

the tan contacts of tr other 1ac"', es.ch of the ton latter b'3ine connectJa to two 

of t.he form.or contt-cts, in a ranao!ll arrsne;0M1ent which cRD. b.... varlea at will Thil!I 

place more~ •~rvd& to establish variable connections b3t eon t~e successiva aeta 

or fi.,,.ed and alidablc.. b11rq The pl-tea 22.11 2~, 24, ,,,d 25 are a1~1l9r ln 

etructtJre to plate 21. tut the conneat1on3 established by their 1~tel"lill conductors are different 'Jne plates are interchangeable 

The magnate 4 to d are, as noted abovu, U"'lder control of t.ne tap3 trsnsJ1U.ttar 3, tlirou,~ which is paesed a perforat~d tape bear1n€ holds corres>onaing 

to onaracters in tne Bmaot code Every ti "llO a key o thd k3,yboa.ra l is o~proesed, 

U_t>on its release or bacl stroka a oonts.ct 30, operate..i b,). a universal bar no .. shown 

L"l the .f1gur 1 1.s closea 

power for whic~ is sup~lied by source 37 Tbuo, wit eac depression or tl-P key 

the tap6 i~ stepped tol"\"ard to the ne~t ~o~tt1on bringine a new ciphering 

clJ.aracter into actionJ 1.J.1ese characters torm en eutira~ arbitrft.171 uninti...lligible 

sequence of ci;herint, el.01Uen~s for eontrolli?li. tnJ perlllUt~tivu 0~~1ation of the 

magnets 4 to 81 and thub or th.3 elidable bars of tho uaHblios ~ to l.3 Since 

tt e arrang.e1:1ent 13 suc11 th n. a current established by depr~ssing a key of tne 

k91boarJ 1 must tr'!.verse th ... entire set of connection- changers 1 to 1.3 bof'orct 

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I REF ID:A70313 -~_..... 

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reeobhg tne 1DdJ..oat1nt device 21 it. will be aean that the final ci;her re11Ultant Of & character on t.na ke,rbosrd de,i>aDclB ugon the ~fl lll'Utlltiv-.. &1T8Dl311Bnt 

of the !1ve .Udabl.e bars U, 26, 'Z7, 23, 29 and thus thEi r..ipl1er result1111ta 

will va:cy •it.. the ISG,uenca of ci;J'°le,.1~ cl ara.ctara or t'l .. perforateo. tape 

of aharactttrs, tJ!e ci~er re,sul tan.ta arf.. ont1re4 arbi t.l. at') mn sbo• '101' 

per1od1c1t.,,. 1n th& 1'elc.ti.Jnsh1p between ,i>l'\111.-t~"t.t cbar..ct~.,. enc.. ci~er equivalent ---

.A. particulm cc.1;-iermo::mt operat.J.on will now ba aet .forth in detail Let 

;;;=....... us aswa• tha.t a k91 or the keybo...rd. hes been de,i)l'easec! md r-1euec! so that on 

ite backatr01e th• universal bar clo-,ed the cont'\Ct JO, w.Dicl o,porat.ea. m'Sfnet J6, 

thus brinc1nc into .?lit the na.ct c..1.'Vieril'g c!i:i:racter or the 'Ui.e :lllj)A?Ole th1::=;a~ii=iiiiiiii 

character is reprsaented in Bau.dot coda by - t - - - The"l tbe p11111 i1i tbe 

tape tr&iA&"1ttu,. 31 pu"'~ tnrouv the proalel holoa in tl'te ta~, c8U .. e cont ct 

32 to aloae A current Croc power source 39 .flo-a alon'- conducto1 4J, close..t 

aont'ICt .321 c::.ndJctor 41, throug ao.111at 5, C'JYJdu.,tors 42 and 43, bacac. ta iJOW'1r 

•ource 39 Ma..net 5 1'1 enor51zad and attracts its anaa1.url:t1 to w>-10i.1 bar ia 

attacli .. d, tliue duwint it to ~e right I m""o aniclll locltl.n£ arr -Dgamant usoo1.ted 'lfit...-i tha eUding bar,j Bi>rV~a to hold tha bU"a in their i1£ht-hanQ positJ..>ne 

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REE' ID : A7UU:"33"IT"3c.:1"1S.: ... :=::::~~~=:s=::=~=-!!~1!111 

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De~re11ion or a key or k91board 11 for instance k81' .,., will close 

a circuit u tollowa1 troi:a "ower 11011rce 3:1 elon&. conductors 461 J.7, closed 

contact at key •)•, conaucto~ ~8 to cont10t 11 or t~e first connect1on-chan£er 

ueam.bJ¥ 9 .Ul the bars or tne aonnection-chqer aaaembliee except bar 23 

ot aaeembl.T 12 are in tlieir left-liana or unactuatco. iJOBitiona Hence, tho 

aurrent oontlnu"'e u .tollo •• trom contact l~ thrOUl)l contaot sprlng 151 contact 

20, aonductor 491 contact 501 contact spring Sl, contact 52, co~dJctor 531 oontaot S.4, contact epri11g 551 oont'lCt '61 conductor 571 contact. 5:3, contact •t>I"iD&' 

59 Bar 23 be1ne in 1ta rig~t-hand position, tho curr•nt continue• as rollo.e1 

contact •~rinr S91 oontrct 001 cond~ctor 61, contact 62, c~ntaat s~r!ng 631 

contact 64, conductor 65,, con .. ect 66, conductor 67, through 1noicator la;> r 

- eagnet ll?t, oona~ctor 63, back to power source '38 'l'hue dapreaaion ot key "i1 

71eld11 ci,;>hor resultont 11711 .A'9 soon u this result ha1 been noted. down or 

recorded and the key •~n on tno .ic97boerd 111 released, t~e tir1t acUon or th" 

ralea.•inc: mechan18lil actuated by th., back atrok~ of this ke;r 111 to cloa.> a contra.ct: 

6; which oporatea nae. net 7C., to rtiilease the locking bar 711 mic'" in turn allows 

the alidinc bar 28 to rRurn to its lett-him.d position UDder thd motion of it• 

---.... coiled •pr!.ng 72 At the end or tha b'l.Ok stroke of uq "1" 1 cont ot .3 ie 

closed, whicn throu,.r ,JOtrer source 'J7, conductors 73 and 74 allo111 thd t&i?e1t&,tl;)i.ng 11.11tnet .36 to function '?his C811&es tha t8'>e to mov1.1 to t 11 next cl,Phering 

character, which brinra the slidabl ... bars 141 26, 'Z1, 28, 2~ lnt.o tneir nut 

ciphering ~sitlor and COil 1lc.tOS tne 07cle O event.a 

,,_ 

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REF ID:A7031~ 

The connections between the contRcts of· tr•o keyboard. l Md the~ first 

assembly, 11 nre made b-; nunms of .q, plu& 8lh1 j s.ck arrangement whic.i1 J?ermi ts 

of varying the conneotions at willi in accord~mce with A. chang& in key. ! 

sisilar arrangement lil8if, of oours.;.·, be :aade for tiw conn•3ctions between t.11e 

row of contacts, 751 .iJA.nediately beyond t.li.o .final assembly, 13, !Uld the re-

·cording and indicating llevice 2. 

For decipherment it is necessary to reverse the posl tions of ke7bol!I'd 

and inaicatin!; device relative to tho &ssomblias 9 to 13, but since means of 

aocompliahing thie M"e well known in the art and do not form. a pa.rt of W1" 

invention, those me.<ms l!lre not shown here • 

.An alternative scheme for effecting the variable paths botween the keyboard, l, and tha indicating device, 2, is shown in Figure 2. In thia 

'figure, the structure shO'-Til is one of four other and aimil8r ass~mblies to 

rapl6ce the assa'Ublies 1 to 13 of F'igure 1. Instoad of a bar carrying contact 

springs, such as bar 14 of lieure l, the uaambly in Figura 2, comtiata of a 

holder, 1, in whic~ can be instsrted e. removable connector plate, 2, carrying two 

sets of spring contacts, 3 and 31 .. The spring contacts are arranged in opf)Osite 

sets, and are in.teroonneoted at random by aen.ns of the insulated conductors, 4, 

as shown. The connector-plate, :2, may consist of 8ll'1 number of contact s,)rlnge 

8l'ranged in opposite ;airs, and it is constructed in suo!'.1 n uianner that it can 

be insertea in the holder in «s1•••h1D11lfllXX a nWllber of possible positions 

dapen~ upon the number of pairs of contact s~r~a. For exll!llple, if the 

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REF ID:A7031~ 

connector-plate consists of f'ourteen contt'!Ct sprine::s in f-.lach side, than it 

can be inserted on the Carr'Jing holder l in .five different .i;>ositiom.1, each 

g1v1ng d.1.t'ferent l)aths for the passage of curro:mts from the set o.f lower 

fixed oontaots, 5, to the set of u;per fixed contacts, .5 1 • In aucn a. cue 

the only um. t1Q€ factor imposed upon the randomized interconnections between 

trie sets of contact springs J and J' i:> that thu ins-11latea conductors, J., :.mst 

be ao arranged that in ea.ch of the five i,)OSalblti ;osi tions of thd connector 

plate 2 there will alwqs be a full aomplem<tnt of conductors for continuing a 

current from the fixed contacts 5 to i:~e fixed contacts 5'. Such au arrftllf,emant 

. is depicted in l'igure :2, wherein it is noted that of' the set of fourteen 

contact springs, 31 four of these springs have two conductors each, which lead 

to separate contact aprings of the set 31 , four of these springs hnve two conductors each, which lead to aep$l"s.t~ contact springs of tha set 3. The particular four contact s;>rings of set 31 which will have two conduotora instead or 

one leading 8Jllt.f3 from the:a. are determined by the random initial connections established when the connector plate 2 is set into its euccessive positions, "Ind 

it will ba notild that th.e two termin&J.a of the double conductora leaclllli mray f'rom. 

aprinc contact 6• for example, end up o.t •.?ring contacts 10 end U, which are 

ten ¥laces removed .frora eac.~ other. The SNl'le is true of th3 l!lubers of tbe 

respective pBirs of terai.nals leading •ey from spring contacts 7, a and 91 thq 

lead to contacts aeporated by ten pll'lCes from each other. 

- 7" 
Tb• bolder, 11 in whieb the ooa.neotor l'lat• 2 1a 1.DHl"ted 1• attached 

to a bar, 141 which ia eQ.u1Talent in t\'lnction with bar l.A of 11pr'1J S.t 1• 

brought to the riaht, when thf;I .rupet 12 uaoc1atod w1t.h it. ls energi.Md, IO 

th.at each oatxt 8all'1D& .... oontaot n1tn tblf nut nxed contact to the 

right For e:umple,, apr1ni contact, ~. rerun,; on ts.xed oontM~ 15 &1 ahcnm 111 

1"4-ure 2 WOlll.a., upon bar 14 belnr drawn to t..\ia rl&ht, re•t on t1.Dd. oontaot 16 

The atu would be tNe or all tL.!t otb.er aprJ.n& CODtaots. There!m-•• tor •aab 

pos1t1 n at the connector-a>].irt. 2 on tJia 11older, 11 thee wUl bo two separate 

pat.ha a1t.abllab811 tor the ,PUii&• of a cmrrwat lroa oa• of tbo tued 0011t.aots 

or th.a set S to one or th• tixec1 con•acta or tbv op.,otiw .. t 51 , deptmd1ag 

UilOft irhether bar U ia dram t.o th& l"ipt. und&:r th• act1on o£ aepet l2 or 

roaainB 1n its le~ad iW>•ition under the aotion ot rotraot1le 8PZ'ln6 13 

th• us~ llb01in 1n Fifim'e 2 is, as •tat.od aboYe1 111a1.lar :1D 1\motloa 

to aaauhl.y ~ or 1'4,ure 1., I 1a •ere.J.¥ nec••=llrl ta co.rmect. the aet of fixed 

a~tacts 5t to tbe Ht ot coratact.a 5 b&langJ.»i to tile D9Xt d-b.Qr Theu 

connec\loae •81' be direct, ~ 1n a raadoa ammv tw ..... of re.ovabla oon--. 

ao that the cmmeoUOA.a betwa.m cm• u1eabl,J ed. th• aazt ..,. 'be oh-.ed • •111 

If rao'Vabl• oonneotor .U•t•• ar• ~ad, .s41.tloa&l. MONOJ' 1• atfordad, 

111Dce bJ' a chq• 1n arrq-..nt ot the•• pl.ate• the •- bfll:I' tape wW pro--

clue• wideq dU'terent. ct.,iiar results. 

-s-

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REF ID:A70313 

Thi• invention relate• to C117jottopaaiJhe md hu u 1 ts obJ eat tho provl11on or m•m• tor mtamatic&l.q, contJ.Duouaq, and ayer1odS.aalq changing 

the aipher equivalcta H.,..reeeatiDc. pla1D-t3:dt oheaoter• of a aeas.,e 

!he invention ts ex;U.ained 1n connactio11 with the «USa<mpm1171ng 4r•lD&, 

Pi&V• 11 wliicb la ...eq dia;ruaatic. In th1a f'ipre, I tr.at "tbe 1nftl1t10ll 

exaa,a)le, tbe ten cU.git31 bu.t 1111 inv•tion i• not llll1.tecl to th.la :&?umber of 

e:L--.t.a md ou be &pJlled. to the aac1;iher:aent or •• J.ar1e a Mt of el••t• 

aa is oompiHd 1n the \ran•i111on or mq ld.Dd ot 1Dte1Ua•oa conv'V'ed bz 

written .,.bols 

In l'l&Ure 1, tbere 1• ehon • kqbom-4, l, o~1311J1 tea oontact-olo•Urs 

k"7• erranged. u 1J:l th& keJ'board of a llOderll tc-ker •dd'ng aaah:t.aq 2 1• a 

reco~ or 1ndiaat1Dg cleY1ce which •19' take the ton of a .n at .upet• ot 

a ;n-int:lng uchai• or a bank ot al.ow 18*1• to 1ndloate ._ illwdn:it.1.on. ~ 

mperlm.ioaed 1J11bola the eq,u.f.ftlenta reeultinf from •ci.aharMntJ 3 11 a tape 

t.ranmdtter of the usual qpe ea,pl07ed 1n au.t.oatio tel.ear~ buod u.;10n t.be 

Baudot. code, which tranaa1t.t.er, \IDder guidance ot a perforated t..,_, control• 

tha ~at1TO operation of the 8et 0£ aapeta J., S, 6, 7, and 9J \he MHnlblies labeled 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ve Hitchin& 49Yicea, to be aplainod in 

detail below, tor Tar,ing tbe path• for th~ ;ueqe Of an elaotr10 CSUT!ID\ 

from the kqboard 1 to the 1nd1c&t1D1 dn1oe a. 
REF ID:A70313 

_...,1e, tb. one labeled. 91 this 1a OOll,JOsad ot ho t1.ud I.Mars 16 a.d 17, 

Th-: Du-, l.41 alides between be two fixed bar•• 1.6 &114 171 the !'oner ot 

tw~nty oont.aat 1RU"tace1 arranged in ten paira all 1Dmlate4 trtD one another 

Sl1aable bar 14 carries ten aontaoi.....k"'i el.ea•t• OZ' •pr1nca :1.Dmlatad 

troa me mother and. mitabl.e for eet.abllabha oonnectioas a.t;wem the 

contacts on t1xed bar 16 and thoae OIJ the opposite f1ud bar 17 Ozie or th••• 

aprlags is labolea 15 When bar 14 1• 1n its noraal. po•1tion, held eo )W 

between the o~ntaot.a OD. 1"1xed ber 16 JU1d tA"' left-had ••bar• of the paired 

contacts on £1.oci bv l7, when 'bar l4 lm dr«Wn to \De 11.&ht., un4er the action 

ot aaguet a, then 1ta oontaat eplngs eatablillb OODJlectJ.oo.a Mtnea. \be aontaata 

on 1'1MK1 bar 16 and. th• ri.ght-b.and .-bore or \lie palnd oontaata on t'b:ed 

bar 17 Tbua, one ot two alternat1'98 •et• o~ ts electr1oal path• bttwem the 

contaots on bar 16 mid 'Ulose on. bar 17, de,i>e1MU01 u;>on the actlcm or aapat. 

3 oan be eatabliehed ror u..plu, when bar- 14 1• 1l'l 1-ta DOZ'll&l or ro\raated 

,?0&1tion, under th• action or coiled apina 18, a 0U1Teat •tering .S.tch1nc 

dtrl1ce 9 at contact "f would continue along aontut epring 15 ad •erce a't 

contact 20 on t!.xeG bar l7J but when ber L4 ia drawn to the r1aht. under 1he 

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REF ID:A70313 

bu 17 

The connector a>late 21 conaist::J o! one a.et ot t.,.ant.T irasullltoc. b.sl.1-

face, wM.ah 1d Juxtaposod againat the lmrer tu..6d 'b&T ot the next switebiq 

Conduc+ors to t.!-'e tE:U C~t!t'\.Cttt ot tr ot'1m f,f.Ce of the Conn -.ct,or plat,o 211 eull 

of ne c-n la •w cont'\ctc bW.D£ oomiectad to tY:o of the fora°" aontacta, la a 

lntern.al cm11'1uctora ttre d1tterontJ +..b plates U'O lnterohqf:r&bl.ct 

"'h"' L-S€llet- 4 to a:--l, ~ notc..d abovo, undar control or 'tbe tape treu .. 

t.> c'1"1%''M:ters in tt-o Ba<'..ot cor 1:1 Ttd.11: t1.1,y• co:ap:d••• a o1pher kq to mntrol 

character into actions these ct sracters tor.11 au •tirttq Rb1trU'l', UDiutelllpble eequmoe ~ o1,?hwin1 eleaGDta tor oontrollilll "1l :permtatift oparation 
of the UfUet• /.. to s, end thus ot the aliclahlca bara of the ldtchlq 

doAv!oett '1 to 11 81.nca the Rit.chl.zaa dniae• an in llm'l••• th• elsctrlc&l 

arremtement 1• 1111dl that a currant ••t.abllm•d qo depr••sizlC a k97 ot the 

kCIJ''b'JRJ"d l mat. traverea the mtiro set ot IWitchtzaa deTic•• 9 to lJ before 

rellchina' the 1ndiaat1.ng dmce 2J ooueque~, lt will 'tie le9ll that the 

tin 1!.l cij>her re111.1.1:t"Utt of a charaotv on the k.erboard 441'*'48 u;aon \he per-

"ldt"\tt vo o.,er•tion ot the aet of five itlidabl.e b•• 14, 26, :n, 28, 29. 

Ana a1.'loe thie 'llU'lllUta.t1Ye operation 1• aontrolled 1w' tbe tran-1.tter 31 wb1ob 

1n turn ie controlled b,y the perforatea f.ape, the cipher reeultaata will Tarr 

wt t 1 tl'a :eerr.ience or otpr erin£ ab.aractera on tbe paf'forated. tape 81Doe thia 

ob,.r!llotere, the cipher resultants are entlrol7 ar'bitrU7 and lhow DO per1od1o1Q' 

1D tha ralatt.oal!lhio between plain-text ohar&Oter f&rd csiph&r eqaiTSl.at Tapta 

tr--nNttter 3 aapl.CJ¥• ODq one ot the 11suu two Hts of can\aot.s, onq the 

tront Ht in this caa .. , ao that contact i!S •Ade ad a circu1t establlllhed throuah 

one of tbe ueneta .4 to S when th• proper pin pu••• throtl,IA a aorr••,.>e>ndl.Df 

bole in the ta;>e 

A particW.a:r encJ.,;lherm.ent operation will now be •t torth in detail 

S..1t... u .. ftS!IWlle that a kflJ' or tha k87board has ban dapreased .nd raleaaed. IO 

that, on its backatrob the Wd.ver1al bar closed the oontaot 30, llhioh operated 

~'llet '6• thua brincJ.ng 1nto pl., the nut ai;aheriDC obaracter on the tap• 

-----
REF ID:A70313 

Savpo•e this ohsaote.r 11 npreeente4 1n Bmdot code 11' ... t .. - -, wblcb 

1n tbill oue uBDa th•t tbe \fJie baa a hole in the ••OOlld poeitlon, '\be other 

tour ~aitions be1na npertorated. 'fh•n tbe lecond p1n. 1n tbe \ape tranSllit.te 

3, pualni through this hole 1n the tape, om• oontaot .32 to al.ose, the otller 

tour contaata in traaaltter 3 r-ah1lng ope A amT6Dt from powv source 

.'.J~ .tlaws along cond.uotor 1.0, cloeed. conteot 32, conductor 41, thraa.,h •-.n•t '• 

ooDdnetor• '2 qd .43, 'bacii: to power IJOU!'ce 39 ..,...t S 1• •ers11ecl ad 

attracts its aruture, to whicb slld.able bai 28 1• attached, tlmo draiDg 1t 

to the 1'1ibt, &8 lbo1fn 1n the tit."UrOe .l lockS.DI bar 711 UllOai&ted with 

al1Mn1 bar ~ aerves to hold thla bar 1n 1t1 rigtR-bmd position after tbe 

momen1iar.r 11Dpn].ae through aepet S has drawn 1t to tbe rieht Slldable bar 28 

wUl et.q 1D th1• looted position matil bar ?l 1a w1thdr&1n1, u Ul)lained 

11Ub1eouantq 

Depreel!ion ctl a kq on Jqi'fboard l, ~or inetace k.., "'911 , will. oloae 

a olrcmit aa follow•• from powar eource .:W alone colldnctor1 46, 47, clo1ed 

oontaot at k01 "19 , a=ciuctor ~ to oontacst 19 ot th• tirat 8Wltch1J11 dnioe 

9 All t.be bar• or tbe ft'itcbin& dencea 9 to l~, exoept bar 23 ot 12 are 1D 

their lefti-hand or aactuated ,po11 t1ona Be11ee, th• aurr.at con\bmaa u 

toll.ow•• from contact 19 t.braugb. contact •F1D& 15. oontsot 20, conductor 49 

or connector plate 21J aorrtact 50, aontac:t aprluc 51, aoDtaot 521 &4 oonduotor 

,_.,, ot nitQbilJI d.tv1oe 101 oontao1i 54, OOD\an f'pr1lr& ''' ecmtact J6, ..t 

_,_ 

---- -- --------~--
REF ID:A70313 

conduOtor 'J'1 ot IW1tcb1111 dmce 11• corataot '8, OOl.ttaot lprl.q '' ot ba'r 

contlmles aa .followa1 e<mtaot •Pring 59, contaot 60, ad coaduotor 61,o.t 

6S ot ew1tch1ng dev1ce 13J contact 66 or final fixed bar ''• co1a.ductor 67, 

tbrout;h indicator l~ or upet •711 , oondactor 68• Mak t.o i>W•r aource 38 

has been not.U dom or recorded u.d the U, n111 on the kffJ'board. 1• l"elaued1 

the t1r1t action or the roleaaina MChai• actuated 11F the back at.rob ~ 

thi• k81' 1a to olo1e.. a cont.at 69 •blah oporate• up.at 10. to releue the 

loaJd.D&: bar n, which ln tum al.lo•• th• al141ng -- 28 to return to it• 

le.ttr.hBD.d position un'1er the actiou or lta ooUed 91"1Di 72 At. the md ot 

the back stroke ot b.1 "9" 1 cozitact 30 is oloaed, whiah thJ'oaah ,?Otrer M\11'ce 

')71 oanductors 73 and. 74 allows the tapa-atepp1Dg aapet 36 to twictiou. 

This cauaea the tape to llOYe to the ae..tt ci~erinl oh=-'lldter, whiab br:iq• 

the elldable bars or awltcbing: dnicea 9 to 13 into thelr ned o1,pher1Zla po1ition and coa1letes the 07cle ot 9'Y8Dt1 

• 

The aonnect1ons between the cont11ot1 ~ the U7boU'd l and tb.e tirat 

,Pflrld.ta of •8171.ni the ammect1ons at will, in aocordsnoe with a ehqe in 

- 6 .. 

----------
REF ID:A70313 

ot omr1e, be made tor tne ommeotion• between. the nw of OOD'tllOt• on f1ael 

cordlng ad indlcatJ.nc dnica 2 

lor clec1~araent it 11 D8C9888l'J' to 1"9ftrl9 tbe ~a1Uona Gr kerboard 

and 1nd1C3t1ns device relat1"fe to th• •\ of sd.tohinc clevicea 9 to lJt bat 

e1nce •an• ot accOll;l.111hilJ& thia are well lmown :lD. the ct. and do uot f'or:a 

• part, ot q 1nv ntlon, these mean.a u-e not shOllD here 

-7-

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REF ji:A70313 

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