\ .... ' \ 

• REF iia~8724 

• ~ • • ...... • ffi5ft'! 

Ciphering and deciphering machines have been built tor the 

direct registration of the text in print; such machines have usually 

a keyboard, a ciphering mechanism, and a printing arrangement. Usually 

there are as many communication channels between keyboard and printer, 

passing through the ciphering cylinders as there are keys, or signs to 

be ciphered. Where the impulses are transmitted by electricity the 

ciphering mechanism contains one or several coD11LUtators, each with as 

many ingoing and outgoing contacts which are interconnected in pairs 

as the num.be~ ot communication channels. A.a an example, with a key-

• c board for 26 letters this would mean twentys1x cir,uits, ted trom a 

suitable electric supply, one contact tor each key, oonautators with 

26 ingoing and 26 outgoing contacts and 26 magnets, where each magnet, 

it energized, works a tJPe lever. The connections inside the co111111Utators, between in- and outgoing contacts being made in an irregular 

manner, results in another sign being printed than that which is marked 

.N e 

on the key which is struck, and as there 1s~suitabl3',. ..-.arrangement 

provided for the movement et the commutators attar striking a key, 

ditf erent letters will b~ prlnted even if the same key is struck aeveral times in succession. Apparatus of this kind have the inconvenience 

ft 

vyJ· of a great number or cir\uits, contacts, and abo'9'8 all, ot complicated. 

coDD11utators. 

/. 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 08-12-2014 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

=---::.-... - -- - ...... 
• REF i18lA58724 

• 

~ A a1mp11t1oat1on !ii.a been shown in u.s. Patent l.&&S.124 

where commutatora haT1ng oz:rly a emll number of aontaota han bee 

utilized. 'l'h18 has been made possible 1n the following wa7: eaoh ke7 

when atruok oloaes two oontacta. Tb.ere are two aoJllDllltatora uec11 ucl 

\)/$-the oontaota are so ohoaen 'that one c1r:111t la a1•7• oloae4 onr 

one of tb.e aomm.utatora an.cl the other oTer the aeoon4 OOIDU,&tor. 

If one operates with an alphabet of 15 letters, the oommatatora 

f)l(Z will eaah have D aeta of oontaota, the nmaber of o1r~ ta being 

101 with t1Te tor each comamtator, and the number of d1ff8J'ent 

oombinat1ona being 8 z 5 • 28. 

Thia 11.s. Patent haa thua ab.on an 1~ortant 1111r0Tm8nt aa 

to the commutators, but haa on the other hand oom.p11oate4 otb.81' part•: 

the number of k871Joar4 contacts :baa 4ouble4 in oompar1aon •1th the 

earlier eleotrioal cryptographers, and 1n order to be able to work tor 

•J c f.Jh·' e:auaple,2D electromagnets b7 means of 10 olr,rtu1ta, one 11Uat place 

-rL between the 0711nders and the •snet/6 group rela7a, eaoh with D 

contacts. 

The present 1nTention carries the a1mpl1t1oat1on ot the working parts as tar as possible, aa it makes possible the uae ot the aame 

c 

number of ke7 board oontaota aa there are oii;.u1ta, and of the same 

or eyen smaller number ot magnets. 

Bow this is accompl1aha4, is 4eaoriba4 hereafter, with clue 

reference to appended 4raw1ngs, which show a o1pb.er1ng- and 4eo1pher1ag 

machine, built according to this inTention. 

I 

.. 

2. 

.. ·--...... --- ~-------- -~.,.,..,.. 
.. • ~F I • .-&;A58724 • 

i------_...~..-_.......-___:::-==--~11r 

view from above, ttte cover ~ the machine being taken otf. Drawing 

i 

l 

' 

{ 

' \ . . . . \. . .. I I 

No. II, t1g. 3 1 andf.drawlng Ho. III,;~iga. 4, 5 & 6, show the main ' ;' 

electrical connection..,. and should be atudled together with figs. 1 

" 2. t • I t../ , 

(l) is the frame of the.machine, (2) are the keys of the 

I 

keyboard. When a key (2) is struck, two selector bars (2?) are pushed 

f ~ f to the lett and close two contacts (2&•). One contact will always be-

.· C!. • Go (t~ long to the 5 first cir-u1ta and the other to the 5 other cir,uits. The J 

t'Y) 5 first cir~uits terminate at 5 contacts (24) ~o the left co1111.Utator 

and the 5 other at the 5 contacts (24) to the right co111111Utator. 'l'hese 

contacts (24) will in the ciphering position be in touch with the 

i' "'" alipringa (23),A of the ciphering cylinders (20(. The ciphering 07lindere 

have at one of their ends (those nearest to each other) az1allJ" placed 

contacts (23••) 1 the number of which has been chosen to be ten, whioh ~ 

,~ allows ten different positions tor the commut-tora.''l'Wo of each ot the 

radial contacts are connected to each ot the sliprlngs. The pedestal 

I I \'l 

(22),between the commutators is made ot insulJtlng material, and con1"\ 

tains 5 axially placed contacts (21) tor each commutator. Tbeae contacts are so placed that in any position ot the commutator, each contact stands in electric connection with one (different) alipring. Behind the commutators is 'bar ot insulating material (28•), in which ..... II 

10 contact sockets (2a••) are placed, which are connected with the 

~ 

\· - axial contacts (21). We can now trace the cir,uita from the contaota 

(2si to the sockets (2e••). \ '.{ -

Under the commutators is a switch, the tunotion of which ie 
.REF . •• 

to reverse the c1~1ta ~ciphering to 4ec1pher1ng, and to allow 

14~+ ' alsol'\t~ lear tezt. !~I pealtiOD tor c1phar1ng 18 l~OWll 88 

-ftg. 8 and: coincides alae wi-t~ tbe pea1t1:~;8• a. '!'his switch 

. !)".;; . ( ~+:" 14 I. )-t1Hconaists (for each commutator) of an insulating support l25'),A.._ 

" 'I 

Cc II 

\I '' 

\ 

v 

~which 5 double-ended contacts (25'') are mounted. These contacts are 

~~ ~~ -- .- connected by means of tlezible oonductor2!,w1th contact plugs (28), 

-------·--;·-,----·-------+.b-----------

which are placed in _"he aoaket• (Ill''). In fig. ~e aoataeta (25''1 

press against the contacts (23') 1 which do not~iouch the slipringa 

I 

v 

/ 

,~ . .. , (23) 1n this position. rrom the oontaots (23 ) co1111ections are made 

~~.,., // 

.l~~ wt.th the •gnets (29). our 01r{u1ts..,..will therefore continue trom the u\ 10 . '\.. / -../ 

sockets (28'') over the contact~lugs (28) to the contacts (25'') -

/ .,. ,. (23') to the •snets (29J ,,and Will be completed over the battery (26) _. rf .(a. / - ..;J ,J ,J back to the contacts (26 '). Thus when a key is struck, (two) magnets 

., 11-.Xr-- t I - l/ will be energized, and not only the positions of the commutators (20) 

>' 

, 

·' 

but also the sequence in Which the plugs (28) are placed in the sockets 

// (28~') determine which two magnets (29) are energized each t1ae a key. 1· 

(2) is struck. __ -·-------·----,---------- __ L._ . . ·- . --- --....... 

It will be found that from the contacts (23') only 8 conductors lead to the •pets, and that the number of magnets is likewise 81 

:;re whilst the number ot cir~u1ts between the keyboard contacts (26') and 

. : the contacts (23') is ten. It •111 now be shown that while 2 z 5 o1rc c ~L 'uits give a total ot 25 combinations, with the use of one c1r\uit in 

{) J c 

1 

fJ1'' each ot two groups or ti ve c1r\ui ts 1 the use of eight mapeta 1n ho 

groups ot tour each will under certain conditions also be equt"Valen.t 

/'" ~~ ~ ~AL4J. '- "-' '}, L) to 25 different movement combinationlJ\' I' wlll ll••• '• utsa•ue&..that 

l\ " nth -the-nring-ahown on -ris;-F, the post H:••• al tile ewta•••• •!' • 

4 . • 
"'-. -. 

~. 

. . . - --- --·--·-------

• REF la.: A58724 • , • • 

..t be ot the following different kinds l) Each 01riai1 t ,' begun by a 

closed contact (26') enters by a contact (24) and leaves by any ot 

those contacts (23'), to which ta connection is made to a magnet; , 

I 

consequently here two magnets will be energized, and the number of 

7 

v('4ifterent combin~tions of two magnets being 4 x 4 : 16. ~) Only one 

I (! 

o~cir,uit, passing through the lett commutator will be connected over 

fjll{ a contact (23') with a m&l!ll•t (29), while the other c1rju1t OTer the 

right commutator will arrive at that contact (23'), from which no 

I ' 

connection is made with a magnet. Only one magnet, belonging to the 

10 group, connected ove! the left commutator will be energized and we 

I 

will have tour cases, where a different magnet ot this group is 

I 

energized. The same is the case where only anyone of the magnets be-

/ 

•C 

longing to the ci~-uits over the right commutator is energized, making 

. 

' a total of eight•difterent magnet movements, of one magnet energized. I 

r • f! fl'' 3) There will finally be the case where none of the cirnuita, closed 

S

/' : I . 

by contacts (2B') will 0be completed over a magnet, and giving the 

J 

resultant: no magnet working. The total will be: 16 ditteren~ combinations of 2 magnets • 8 ditto of one magnet and one case ot no magnet 

. 

working equal to 25. Before I explain the further t'unctions of the . .\ \· .. ' ---- ~ ;· ~magnets, the different parts, contained in the ciphering mechanism 

will be described. In order to obtain a great number ot ditterent 

' ... v substitutions, two different provisions are made: 1) the 5 x 2 oontaot .... __ --

-I I 

~~i'plugs (28), which can be placed in (lx2x3x4x5) 2: 141400 different 

(] 

6VJI( positions, giving this number of differently arranged eleotrio oir«Uits. 

,,,, These connections are usually changed only between different messages. 

s 
I 

l 

-

I ' 

I '-

------- -- ------=-=-=-------------· 

• REF ID.i1l58724 • 

- ·~- • -~ '" 

• • f. ' '• I 

2) The inovemeat bf the cipldiring cylinders 120), by which either the .. ... .. . . -- "' 

, . e 

right or the left or both cylinders (or none) oan be rotated on tenth 

' I .. 

ot a revolution between each time a key is struck. Thia is effected 1D 

,.../\.. ',,) 

the following way: The shaft (13) carries tour toothwheels~l~), which 

mesh with tour other tooth-wheels (15) 1 which are fixed, each ot them 

together with a key wheel (14). The key-wheels are :mounted on the shaft 

(14'') 1 where they can rotate independently of each other. The number . 

ot teeth on the tooth-wheels (l:f'l is ten, whilst the tooth wheels 

(15) are all different. 

In this apparatus the number of teeth has been chosen - taking 

~1-~ the wheels trom left to right - to be 23, 21, 19, 17i\i.e. numbers ! 

without a common denominator. The key wheels (14) carry near their 

/,,L '\ 4_ ,: ~- 1 &'\ _,. f)' ""'~ peri~ery ·•lf'i~-moUlt~e4 piae"\(14'), the number of which is the same 

as the number ot teeth on the tooth-wheels (15), belonging to the key 

.. whee1'. The keywheels are placed in pairs 1 and between each pair a 

J'I 

tooth-wheel assembly (17) (1')(17) 1s mounted loosely on the ahatt 

., 

(13), where it ts tree to rotate independently ot this abatt'a movement, 

The pins (14') can be placed either so that they protrude towards the 

inside ot each key wheel pair, or so that they will not protrude there. 

The toothed wheels (17) have six teeth each, which will mesh with such f' r ~ .... .-, 

,, . ' 18"' 

pins (14•) which protrude. The tooth-wheels ~ mesh •1th the tooth 

wheels (19) whic~ are tixed on the commutators(20). The number ot 

I~ 

teeth on the wheels (~) and (19) ia so chosen that tbe commutator (20) 

Ii _,, will turn 1/10 ot a revo~ution when the assembly (17)(~)(17) turns 1/6 ... , -

ot a revolution. 

'· 
J 

,.. '•, 

• \ 

REF I~A58724 

. . ..! ~· 40 

• , 

When a key has been struck and released again, the shaft (13) 

will turn 1/10 of a revolution; how this is accomplished will be 

explained later on. When the shaft (13) turns 1/10 ot a revolulion, 

: 

the key wheels (14) will advance one tooth- division each. Where a 

protruding pin (14') has been in close proximity ot a tooth of corresponding tooth-wheel (17), ..... , ,,_1,..."' 

~ (,,._ ~ "i.rf~M.&. of the key 

wheels be turned 1/6 of a revolution, and the commutator in question - "\ 

will be turned 1/10 of a revolution. In this way either anyone or 

both or none of the commutators will be turned from one position 

I to the following position between each stroke of a key. As the pins 

are easily arranged to protrude with irregular intervals, the movement 

schedule of the commutators will be ver7 irregular, and the same 

sequence will not be repeated before 23x2lxl9:xl7:x(l.Oxl0): 15.(00.rj"IJO •• I~ 

strokes have been struck on the keyboard. In order to identity the 

positions ot the key wheels and the commutators, letters are engraved 

around their peripheries, each key wheel carrying the same number of 

JS;ters as there are key pins. In the cover, openings are mad\ over 

t3e ke7 wheels and co:mnutators, through which the letters can be read. 

I~ orde~ to be able..to place these wheels in the starting position, 

- c~~sen ~r prescribed, the key-wheels can be disconnected by turning 

• the knob (16) atter w~ich these wheels and the commutators can be 

rotated by hand independently ot each other until the desired letters 

show up in the windows. 

!n order to be able to use the sSI:1e apparatus for both 

ctphering·and deciphering, a special reversing switch is used, which 

7. 

,,. 
I 

is operated by means ot the kn.ob (25). This switch has already been 

I 

. 

I mentioned: it is placed under the commutators (20). When the insulating support (25') is in its intermediate position, tig. 4, the 

commutators are cut out and direct connections are established between 

$ the contacts (23') and contacts (24). Ea.ch combination ot two closed 

contacts (26') will here always result in the same combination or 

•' energized magnets (29), i.e. tor each key, which is struck alwa~s 

the same magnets will work. This intermediate position is used tor 

I 1.-/ ,.'-. f ~ 

r I ' writing clear text. The position shown on tig. 5.-ia as already ezn · · plained used tor ciphering: it ·should only be stressed, that in this ... \:"i • -r 

c . 

· (}JI( position the cirtuit trom the contacts (26') "enters" at a.slipr1ng 

and "leaves" at an axial contact (21). In the deciphering poaitio~, 

~ see tig._6, it will be tound that the double-ended contacts (25'') 

on the support (25') press against the contacts (24) which are thus 

1-;-kept separate from the slip rings (23), while the contacts (23') 

c 

<fJ'/f<press against these slip rings. The ciriuit will therefore in this . case pass the following contacts; (26')-(24)-(25'')-(20•·)-(28)-(21)-

·1 .. ~· '? 

CL 

e~if~ (23'')-(23)-(24). Thus the cirtuit 1t'1ll here "enter" the commutator 

at the axial contact (23'') and "leave" at the slip ring (23), i.e. 

) the opposite as when ciphering. 

The printer will be next described: For details of the 

printer see also tig. a. The printing 1s made by means ot a type1 wheel (30), which ia mounted on the shaft (9); there is a friction 

clutch interposed between the shaft (9) and the type wheel (30), ao 

that the type wheel will rotate together with the shaft (9) as long 

as nothing stops the type wheel. The type wheel carries a double-

-- I 

I 8. 
, 

-

" . 

./. • 

.. >• r 

. . ~·: ~ 

• REF ~8724 

~ 

l 

• 

ended stop arm (40), •liich is mounted '1.lt a support, which is fixed 

I to the type wheel • .Around the shaft (9) are placed 25 stop-bars. Each 

., 

stop-bar has a spring (32) attached to its front bearing, which spring 

,tends to clraw it forward. All stop-bars are kept-in-their--indr-awn , -:C.: 

• 

position by a ring (33) which is found' at the farther end of the baf 

. ' ' ' r 

' 

cage~ ~nd where it presses against notches in the s~op-bara. The ,. t ') 

, , 

position of the ring (33) is governed by a cam on the shaft (11) I ,• 

•I 

against which a lever, connected to the ring is kept pressed under.the 

"' .. ... _ .. 

tension of a spring.- Jlro'tHla t~e aaatt (9) atthia 'he eage 'here ta a ', 

hollow shaft, on which 8 selector discs (35) are m0un,ed. The hollow ~ 

shaft, carrying these discs can have two positions, which are determined by a cam on the shaft (11), against which cam a lever (35'), 

\ ~ 

fixed to the hollow shaft, is pr91sed under the tension of a spring~ - ~ ~ 

When the lever (35•) r'rts on top ot its cam, the selector bars can 

'-t·j· ~ .. be locked by the pins (38~ if the respective magnet (29) is energized: 

a movable 

,: ~ ti.. 

is pu'shed 

~ 

armature is attracted by the maga.et core, and the pin (-e&l 

';-.<.JC S?'' ~,_.,.~._,i(;.J. t; :.(Jz. • Y-L.~~ ~ ~ ~.J. inwards, over a leverag&, into a recess.i in the discs (35). 1 

Provision is on the other hand made to allow those discs, which are not 

.... -::'/ •· Ill 

locked, to tollow the hollow shat~, when its c8"on the shatt (11) is 

. in a pQsition which allows the lever (35•) to be drawn downwards nearer 

..3--/IJ 

the"shatt center (11), by tension of the sprin~ also to return to the 

/II 

original position when the camAtorces the lever (35') back in its top- 1 

most position. The selecto~ discs (35) are provided with teeth, and the 

stop bars (31) with notches, --arranged in such a manner, that when one 

of the 25 different magnet movement combinations is made, and when th-

.._ • 
--=----1- --- -- hollow shaft is turned by seana ot the lever (35') and its aprin~~ 

allowing those selector discs (35) 1 which are not locked by the pins 

(38) to follow the movement ot the hollow shaft and when the ring (~) 

is released, only one of the 25 stop bars (31) will be tree to be drawn 

forward by means of its spring (32) 1 all other stop bars (31) will be 

"'. -· retained by some tooth ot one or several of the selector bars (35). 

~ 24' 

A schedule tor the teeth on the selector-discs is shO\\'ID. on fig. '· -

Thus tor every one ot the 25 diff ,rent movement combinations there will 

be a different on• stop bar which will move tonrard. 

A stop bar having moved forward, comes with its forward end 

into the path of the stop-arm (40) ot the type-wheel (30) and causes 

z ... ·11 

it to stop. The printing is done on a paper tape (..'5'), which is ted ·--

from a magazine (42) on the left side of the machine. It is led over 

the guard (41), inside which the impression hammer (44) is located. 

From the guard it passes a feeding arrangement, consisting ot a roller. 

{42') a~inst which the paper tape is ~ressed b7 means ot a friction 

roller (43). On the type wheel the types of the letters and signs to 

~e printed are so placed, that when a stop bar, representing a certain 

:etter has stopped the type wheel, the type in question VJ111 be toun.d 

~ppos1te the hammer (44). 

The shat+, (11) carries properly profiled cams tor the operation 

' 

;t ~he hal!lmer (44) and also tor the working of the paper teed, ~h1ch is 

~one over the lever (45') the ratchet (45) and the ratchet wheel (42••1. 

~his shaft (11) governs the printer as well as the movement of the sha.tt 

\13\ ~t ~he ciphering organs. 

/0- .. 
- - ----------------------------------

• 

.J 

--

• REF .:A58724 • 

I --=---- - - ----------=--=====---· 

The power for the ope~ation ot this shatt (11) and tor the 

rotation of the type wheel (30) is obtained from the motor (3), whi~h 

drives the shatt (9) over a reduction gear (8). In emergencies, when 

there is no current available, the motor can be turned by a cr~nk (4) 

over a gearing (5) 1 which can be connected to the motor shaft by means 

ot the clutch (7), by tightening the screw (6). The current is switched 

on or ott over the switch (3•). 

When the motor .iyns, the shaft (9) rotates, and also the 

tooth-wheel (10), which meshes with the wheel (9•) on the shaft (9). 

The wheel (10) is mounted on a shaft, which extends into the clutch 

assembly (12), the outside part of which is rigidly fastened to the 

shaft (11). 

There extends under all key bars a common clutch trip bar 

(12•). When a key is struck, this bar (12•) is pressed down, and by 

means ot a leverage (12••1, the clutch (12) is tripped, and the shaft 

(11) starts to turn. Means are provided so that the shaft (11) will 

make only one complete revolution, each ti~e a key is struck. During 

1, I;:' 

thia revolution~the following happens: the type wheel will be stopped~ 

.. and a letter printed, the paper tape will be fed one step and the shaft 

(13) will be turned 1/10 of a revolution, causing one or both or none 

ot the commutators to advance one step. 

In order to make the reading ot the cipher and also the 

checking or the number of signs ciphered easier, provisions are made 

tor intervals between groups or letters, suitably after every 5 letters 

printed. The number or strokes, struck on the keyboare ts registered 

JI. 
.

-- . - -

REF 

-- - . 

ID.858724. 

by the counter (16 '). F~rt~r • p;-~1s1~~; ~re made to allow the 

ciphering, not only ot letters, but also ot figures, other signs and 

spaces between words. In order to accomplish this, the type wheel 

carries not only type tor the letters but also tor the figures and 

signs chosen. The machine, described here, has been arranged tor the 

ciphering ot 25 letters, there being 25 different combinations when 

,. 

' ... using two commutators tor ::> cirpi ts each. One may however make sery 

combination have two meanings, for example a letter and a number, in 

f ~ 

.. much the same way as on a typewriter, where a 1::o11oll may be marked with 

both a letter and a figure, and the respective typebar carries the 

two corresponding types. Which one is to be printed is determined 

with the help of a shift key. In order to obtain spaces, a space key 

is used. When ciphering, it is not desirable that it should be understood by outside parties when "shitting" is done, nor where the intervals between the words are to be found. Therefore 1t has been deemed 

suitable to cipher the "shift" and "space" signals, in exactly the 

same way as the proper text is ciphered, and to provide the printer 

with such means, which accomplish that "shifting" and"spacing" will 

be made automatically when deciphering. This means that as certain 

variable letters in the cipher stand tor "shift" and •space", the 

,., 

combinations of the magnets working tram the cir~uits made when 

deciphering these letters must work the shitt or the space instead 

ot printing a letter. 

As we use each or the 25 combinations tor t'll'O 4itferent 

meanings, we will have a total ot 50 difterent letters and signs which 

can be ciphered. For convenience, they will be divided tn two series 

JJ.. 
' 

• 

(of 25 signs each). In the first series we place 23,ot the mqat trequent · 

letters. The two remaining places are; occupied by the combination used 

tor the space between signs ot the lat aeries i.e. between words, and 

by the combination indicati~ng that the following signs ciphered 

' belong to the second se~ies, i.e. the "aliitt". 

r 

In the 2nd series we place the :re ma1n1ng letters, the numbers, 

some of the punctuation signs and the most used abbreviations, and 

necessarily also the space between signs of the second series and 

also the shift back to the first series, i.e. the •reshift". 

On the type wheel the types ot the signs of the 2nd aeries 

are placed diametrically opposite those of the lat series. 

As the stop-arm (40) is double-ended, and can take two 

positions, so that either of the ends will protrude so far that it 

will strike against a liberated stopbar (31), either a sign of the 1st 

, or a sign of the 2D.d series will be printed, depending on the position r. 

of the stop-arm (40). 

In order to govern the position ot the stoparm and to move 

it automatically trom the position of the lat to that of the 2nd 

·-

series of signs, the following arrangement is made; On the side of 

the stop-bar cage nearest ta the shaft (11) a moveable assembl7 (50) 

1a mounted carrying at its forward end a crescent shaped steel plate J 

? 

' 

(51.'4"; the edge toward the stop arm,forms a guide tor the ends of the 

stop-arm. When the typewheel rotates, that end of the stop-arm, which 

protrudes most will t1rst strike th£t part ot the plate (5l')•h1ch 18 

farthest from the centre of rotattoL and will, when it has left the 

plate, have been forced inwards, so that instead the opposite end of 

13. 
the stop-arm will protrude most. The two ends of the stop-arm lie in 

slightly different planes ot rotation, and the plate (51') can occupy 

two positions, so as to be either in the plane of the stop-arm end tor 

the lat series of signs or so as to be in the plane ot the 2nd series' 

- stop-arm end. Thus, it the plate (51, is in the plane of th~ 1st 

series, that end ot the stop-arm will be pushed inwards, and the 2nd 

series' stop-arm end will be pushed outwards, and vice versa. In order 

to ettect the movement of the plate assembly (51') at the appropriate 

moment from one DOsition to the other, the following arrangement i8 

( made: The stop bar (31) immediately above the plate assembly (51') i8 

liberated when the magnet combination tor the "shift" works. This bar 

has an abutment (48), which when moving forward, strikes against the 

' upper end of a lever, which is mounted vertically in the bearing tork ... /\ 

I ' 

I which is worked from a cam (51) on the shaft (11). When the lever is 

struck, the switching mechanism is tripped, and the plate assembly 

(51') is pushed over to the other position, and consequently the rotating stop-arm will also be pushed over froc one position to the other. 

The stop bar ~31) underneath the plate assembly (51') also carries an 

abutment, and this bar is liberated when the magnet combination for 

the "reshitt" works. Then the abutment strikes at the under end of the 

tripping lever, and the cam (51) causes the plate assembly to move to 

its first position, and in its turn push back the stop-a??• As neither 

a letter should be printed nor the paper tape be fed forward during 

the shitting and the reshiftin~ operating, a blocking lever (56' is 

I~ 
' 

·-· .. - - ---- ~A58724 • •• 

provided tor this purpose. l cam on the abaft (ll) and a spring cause 

this lever to make an intermittent swinging movement just before the 

hammer (44)_ strikes and before the paper feed lever swings back. If 

the type wheel has been stopped by a shift or reahift stop bar the 

tJ nose ( 58 •) ot the lever 

));'P, 

( --.........- side ot the type wheel, 

(56) will be stopped,by-a pin· (57•) on the 

I~ ~""6 /-..6 b :J 

and abutmentaAon opposite end ot the lever . ~' 

will block the hammer and the paper teed lever. 

In such cases, where a atop bar is liberated by a mag11et 

combination which is equivalent to a apace aign. 1 the nose (56') of the 

\U lever (58) will swing against a pin (5?) 1 which is situated a little 

farther towards the centre of the type wheel. In this position only 

the hammer will be blocked and the paper will be fed, leaving a blank 

space. For all other stop bars the lever (56) will swing its full wa71 

,_./ 

1 

and the blocking abutments will pass ~heir respective blocking poa1t1on,,; 

.. ' \ \'°' and both the hammer and the teed lever will be tree to work. 

. --When ciphering, however, all the 25 atop bars are utilized ror ---·--· --:: ---·--_.;;. ___ ,.._ 

I 

{<;.,,. / 

A.--

ifi1>1'1 the leTn 'b•&•l•g (ttt. When the knob (25) 1a in the ciphering poa1 ... --

/stopping the type wheel and tor pr1nt1ng any one ot 25 olpher letters •. 

I (-. •t. "\ l . ' ..:~e lBlo~ (es) 'is c01m:ee•ei ~~ means or toaa (58) • (56) 8A4 la 

' I 

/_.,. ...... "'t ili ~ 

"11.l~r"') tion th'e -!!'!'.!'1 (47) is swung out of the position, where the abutments 

I .- \'-• ~ 9~c.W a._Q~ "-7'1..Jl ~~<. 

.;-.{ I I 

......__ (48) engage with the tripping level\. There is also a blocking leTer (55) 

which is loose~y mounted on the shaft (11), •hioh blocks the lever (58) 

-~';J ,.,...:.,,\~ o~ Hu... ~l~°1ttl !:,~.::::.1.J a.J""~ 4""'' a.."""""" .!:>-b3u/~ Jlt?uer~'6~. 

when c1pher1nft Thus when the bars tor shifting or reahi/ting, or tor 

I 

space (when deciphering) are liberated, there will be no shifting and 

\ both printing and paper feeding takes place. ' . 

IS. 

-.. _____ - -~-" 
• --- A58724 

,.,. • --- -=tn -0rder"1ih)'b"t"iflf'>in -extra space automatically between a 

group of 5 letters, when ciphering, there is a spacing mechanism. Thia 

. works from the shaft (13) 1 where there is mounted a cam (46'), which 

has two diametrically opposed depressions. One end or a lever (46) is 

I/ r:,..; pressed by means of a spring~against this cam. "'PB& other end of this~ 

/ lever extends closely against the ratchet (45) of the paper feed. On 

• 

this ratchet there is an abutment, so placed, that when the spacing cam 

on the shaft (11) allows the ratchet to be drawn by its spring backwards, the ratchet will be stopped against the end of the lever (46) 

when it has moved backward the length of a tooth on the ratchet wheel 

(42'") When it is then pushed forward b7 means or the cam. and the lever 

• 

(45'), the paper tape will be fed just one space, i.e. the normal 

distan~e between letters. For every fifth letter printed however, the 

farther end or the lever (46) will recede into a depression or the 

cam (46"), and the other end of the lever will no longer stand opposite 

the abut~ent on the ratchet (45). This will then be free to move back 

the full amount ot the movement, given from its cam which is made to 

be equal to the leng~h or two teeth on the ratchet wheel (42'•). Thus, 

after every five letters a double spacing will be obtained. As this 

aut~matic spacing is not desirable when dec1pher1ng, the lever (46) f 

will be blocked by an abut~ent,on the leverage (52) which is ~orked 

fr~~ the knob (25). 

After having described o~e way to realize my invention, r 

will show that th~ sa~e prin:iple is workable also if the number of 

ciphering c~·linders ?:lust no'ti necessarily be two. I refer to figs. 
8724 • - -

10, 11 & 12, where diagrams are shown for an apparatus tor three 

ciphering cylinders, each having 3 channels. 'When a key (2) 1s struck, 

one bar (29) of each of the three groups of bars is pushed to the 

right and closes three con~a~ts, one within each group. The three 

. ml) C ' tl"'<..cirjbits pass through the cyl1nder,,8 (59) and energ1Z,!9 three. magnets 

~~ 0 '1~ . ll~f.-V-' ~ (29). The cir.uits are completed~ the battery (26). The printing 

mechanism is analogous to that of the apparatus, described in detail. 

Here it carries 9 selector discs (35), whi~h can be locked by the pins 

(38), and of 29 stop bars, the selector discs being so made that for 

the 27 different combinations of three energized magnets, one within 

each of the three groups, a different atop bar will be released, and 

a different letter will be printed. Pig. 12 shows all the possible 

different inside connections of a ciphering cylinder tor three channels. 

__ .. .-..-

I - . 

-· 

The ciphering may also be made through purely mechanical 

means, without departing from the principle or this invention. see 

figs. 13 and 14. Here two ciphering cylinders tor three channels, 

tor the ciphering of 6 signs, are represented by (61). These cylinders 

carry projections, tor three different heights, the bars (27) carry• 

~ each of them a -l"04- (60) which has a nose at the other end pointing 

downwards. The nose of each bar will rest on a projection (61) when 

the bar litter (63), which is conmon tor all bars, is depressed. The 

-CV\.~ ....... 

levers (64) are a~alelfle"/\to t~~ pins (38) on fig. 11. There are two 

, 

groups of three levers 164) each, and each carries a projectionAat a 

different height, and so arranged that the bar (60) 1 which rests on 

the lowest projection (61) of the ciphering cylinder will come opposite 

I 7, 

-----..... --u....-

. ' . 
~ ------ -. ______ _,__ ___ w:--~-~=~---------

• REF ~A58724 • 

.. "' ZL*iN .. :c:::: • w I' ........ .... 4 ; 

the lowest placed projection of the levers (64) etc. 

~hus, when a key (2) is struck, two bars (27) Will be pushed 

.. to the right, and the reapectivE -i!-""'-G (60) will also move to the 

right. Then, depending on which levels these three bars lie, which ia 

determined b7 the projections ot the ciphering c7linders, 8J17 one of 

the three levers (64) within each group of two levers will move also 

and lock its respective selector disc, and will allow the printing of 

the letter which answers to this combination of locked discs. To allow 

'1tAlu 

the movement of the cylinders from one position to the next, the~ 

(60) are lifted bJ means ot the litter (63) attar each time a letter 

is printed, 

18