#### Cooper, Appellant, vs. The Village of Waterloo, Respondent.

*January 17*

*—February 8, 1898.*

*Municipal corporations: Snow and ice on sidewalk: Injury to*traveler: *Court and jury.*

Plaintiff, in passing over a portion of a sidewalk in the defendant village which inclined twelve or fourteen inches in six feet, felt and was injured. It appeared that four slats had been nailed across said incline about fourteen inches apart, but that they had' been covered up by snow which had accumulated on the walk; that sleet or mist during the night preceding, or early on the morning of, the accident, followed by a slight flurry of snow, had rendered the walk very slippery, but that it had not previously been in that condition; that ashes had been sprinkled on the walk before, but none had been sprinkled after, such slippery condition arose; that the accident happened about 9 o’clock in the morning; and that plaintiff had passed over the place in question a short time previous thereto, going in the opposite direction, and knew the slippery condition of the walk. *Held,*as matter of law, that no defect in the sidewalk was shown which would render the village liable for plaintiff’s injury.

Appeal from a judgment of the circuit court for Jefferson county: JohN R. BeNNett, Circuit Judge.

*Affirmed.*

Eor the appellant there were briefs by *Bushnell, Rogers c& Rail,*and oral argument by *A. R. Bushnell.*

For the respondent there was a brief by *Geo. W. <& R. 8. Bird*and *R. T. Ames,*and oral argument by *Mr. Geo. W. Bird*and *Mr. Ames.*

Cassoday, 0. J.

This action was brought to recover damages for personal injuries sustained January 1Y, 1893, by reason of an alleged defective sidewalk. The answer consists of admissions, denials, and counter allegations, including contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff. At the close of the trial, the court directed the jury to return a *425verdict in favor of the defendant. From the judgment entered upon the verdict so returned, the plaintiff appeals.

It appears that at the time of the accident the defendant ivas a village of about 1,100 inhabitants; that the street in question was one of the principal streets in the village; that the only alleged defect in the structure of the sidewalk is that, at the place where the accident happened, an apron led from the higher part of the walk down to the lower part of the walk; that this apron was made of planks running-lengthwise of the -walk, and was six feet wide and six feet long; that the upper end of the apron was from twelve to fourteen inches higher than the lower end, so that the descent in the apron for the six feet was about two inches to the foot; that across this apron were four slats or cleats nailed to the planks constituting the apron, and these slats appear to have been about fourteen inches apart, the lower one being about that distance from the foot of the apron; that such depression in the walk only extended the width of a store; that immediately west of the store was a somewhat corresponding apron, descending the other way; that such depression in the -walk had been caused by the street being raised in front of the store, and that the walk had been correspondingly raised east and west of the store, but not in front of the store; that there was no perceptible lateral descent in the apron described; that the plaintiff, who was forty-one years of age, lived upon the same side of this street, a few doors west of the store; that a little before 8 o’clock on the morning of January 17, 1893, she started from her house to go to a wedding at the church, and, in going, passed right over and up this apron without difficulty; that she then noticed that there was ice on the apron, and that it was slippery, smooth, not rough nor uneven, and that there had been a very little sprinkle of snow the evening before; that she returned from the church a little before 9 o’clock in the forenoon; that, when she came to the apron, she was. *426looking right at it, and saw its condition and the slight flurry of snow on it; that the slats were covered with ice; that, when she was about the middle of the apron, both of her feet slipped at the same time, and she fell and was injured.

The structure of the sidewalk at the place of the accident ■seems to have been reasonably safe at the time. It would be very unreasonable to require villages or cities to maintain perfectly even walks. The only question as to the alleged ■defect in the walk worthy of any consideration in this case is as to whether the ice had been allowed to accumulate on the apron to such an extent and for such length of time as to make it a question for the jury whether it was at the time unsafe or reasonably safe. Upon that question, as well •as the plaintiff’s contributory negligence, the learned trial judge has summarized the facts as favorably to the plaintiff ■as the evidence will bear, in substance as follows:

The facts in the case are absolutely undisputed. The only question in dispute was whether it was fourteen inches or twelve inches high. If there is any other, I do not know it. Many witnesses have testified that there was mist that night, that made it slippery that night and early on the morning in question; not only slippery, but very slippery, so much so that many intelligent and careful men avoided the sidewalk and walked in the center of the street. It does appear that these slats were filled up, and that the ice and ■snow upon them prior to this evening was from an inch, perhaps, to an inch and a half thick, and concealed or covered up those ridges made by the slats. But it does not appear, and no witness has testified, that the walk was so very ■slippery until this morning. And the evidence shows that ashes were sprinkled on the walk before, but that none had been sprinkled on after, this exceedingly slippery condition was caused by the freezing of the sleet and mist the night before. If the defendant were liable at all, it would be not so much because it was slippery, but because it had not put *427the ashes on to stop its being slippery in the morning. One witness says that he was going home about 11 o’clock the evening before; that it was not very slippery then; and almost every one of the witnesses say that the roads and the sidewalks were not very slippery the day before, and all agree, including the plaintiff’s witnesses, that it was exceedingly slippery at this time in the morning, and that it had been rendered so during the night. It would be holding too strict a rule to say that municipalities must put ashes on all the sidewalks in the city before 8 or 9 o’clock in the morning. The plaintiff had passed over this apron in safety going the other way, up the slant instead of down the slant; and she. says she was looking right at that walk, and saw and knew that it was very slippery. I am impressed with the idea that the plaintiff is not entitled to recover in this case. To say that a person walking on an inclined plane on a slippery place, that is only caused the night before, when such person knows exactly what it is, and'when there is a possibility for them to avoid it by going in the center of the street, could recover, would be going further than the law permits.

Eor such reasons the trial court directed a verdict in favor of the defendant, and we are all clearly of the opinion that the verdict was properly so directed. Certainly, there was a failure to show any such defect in the walk as to take the case to the jury. The adjudications of this court upon such questions are too numerous and too familiar to the profession to require citation. Among the more recent decisions in this court we cite *Salzer v. Milwaukee,*97 Wis. 471; *Beaton v.*Milwaukee, 97 Wis. 416.

*By the*Court.— The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.