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This invention relates to ceyptographo Md has for Ue obJao11 

the pro\•:sion ~r MBPnt tor autonaUcally Nia r.on 1nuou111 olJane1ne the 

ci'Ph•r equivalents r,?preeenting plain-text c.1arac1iera so an "to prevent 

&Jl1' periodicity in thir relationship. 

Anoth~r o~ject of the inYentlon ia the impro'f8l!lent ot ezist111B 

cmtoerspha emplo7i114r a aeries ot juxtaposed, rotatnble, con•ieet1oncbang1ng meohani1111s which provide an enormous llUl!bar ot ~lternati'lll patha 

tor the passage ot an electric currant corresponding to a meaaase character, 

from the tran•i tuns contact• ot the ke1boa.rcl to '\he 1zuUco.t1ng elements 

of the racorcllng l!l8Chan1m. 

A further object is · o pro'fide means tor the irregular and penm.t .. 

tiw 41splaaer.ien1ia of the menbara of a eat of circuit changi~ nechnniama 

so as to au. :inate an:t predictable t'actora 1n the mo'f8Dlenta ot the circuit. 

changing mechaniBl'llB with the relUlt that unauthorised per1ona 11 even thouah 

--

tha1 may poaaeaa identical Cr)fPtographa11 will be unable to decipher 1118888698. 

ao enciphered. 

'lhe in'Nntion ta explained ln oonneo1.\on nl th he aocompa19ing draw• 

i?Jgt1 in which~ 

l'lg. 1 is ' diagrorr.aatic Tiew or a. mechanim embodying the inven• 

tion11 er.iployinfw one tapa-trmu1111.1 tter1 

Figs. 2 and 3 show diRgrNIV'U\tic.Uly the interacting relation ot 

a pluralit1 of tape-tranemittera • 

In 11g. 11 _which ia merel7 dln.gr&l'.IDatio, there are ahown the following element& all of which are well-known in the art applicable to modem OIJPtographa t 'l'he numeral 1 genarall7 designates a standard ~1P81'riter • 

2 
.... ·. 

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ke71lout "Prodde4 •1th a nt of Jce78 ~or olo•inc a 9e't ot c:ontaota oornepoJl41J18 to the 21 lettara of the alpha'bet1 the .111111aral 2 pnera117 

c111elpatae a reaor41ng or lndiaaunc 4eT1ce which l'llQ' iftke tiHt tom ot a 

11t ot 11111Pet1 of a pr1n,lng •oban1-., or a bank ot 8'1• lamp• to m111aate '1 111-1Dat1on of l\l))arl11J.>Ol8Cl lettel"lng 'he equi'fl\lent• reRJ.t118 from enof.phement or 4eaipherment; a 19Mrt.U.1 d.ea'lpatee a aet at 

J8t&poaad, J"O'tata'ble Oll'Cult Obangel"8 COR•tructed. in 'he fora Of Oipber 

•heel• or 41st1, .aoantalil• upon a aamon lhatt an4 arranael to rota• . . relat!'f8 to one another an4 to t1xa4 •n4 llata, in order to provide a 

laJ'l8 •rtee ot Yar1a'ble PA"h• tor 'the paa~ of electr1a ournn'• representtns meHage oharaater1, 1he aaot path in each instance being 

cle-tenat.ne4 lf1 'Ule relat1w ro'\ato17.poai'iona ot 'be whole eat ot cipher 

•h••l• NU1. end. dlaka at that tnatftnt. ~ eaDence of .,. invention ooneta'• tn \he acld1,1on of a ae' ot o1pher-whael .steppln&' l:IBCban!Bmf,IJ9.n-. 

erallJ cteaipated. bJ '1le numlHral 4. which !!IQ be controlled by one or •n 

tape-'ranal tter• ot 1ihe ul\Utl. tne .aplo194 la Jaudot IYB\eas at pr1nt1nc. tel•sr«Ph1• In Ptg •. l.onl7 o:ne 81JOh tape-'tranmdt'\er l• •hown aa . at &. In Fig,. 2 We> 8Uoh 11nmllft1 t'8ra are lhawn in 1n1ieraot10~ a.a at 6 

all4 8' 1 and in PSg. 9 three tl'Mal't'tera are ehawn ill ln'\era.ctlon ae 

at '· 5' and a-. 

In Cl7PtoSra)>h• ot this general aharaa,er the prlnaipal rel• 

t.ame tor a1'1J'tioSftPhia 18C1Vi "1 11 placed upon keeping aeore' the lnl •1•1 

oon41'1on1 aa regard• 1ihllt NlaU'98 t>0•1t1one and the arrangemen' ot 'he 

clvher wheel• at 'he baglnn1.llB of 'ba cr1P'OBl"&Ph1o ope:rat1ona. 'l'heae 

lnitlal aondltio.na constitute 'he ''ke7'', an4 the latter uuall7 ssonetata 

of two P!'rts. 11ret, ~ apeo1flo horiaon'a.l pernu~ntton or the cipher 

I 
REF ID : A5214 6·4 I>---:. 

~_) 

wheel• upon the ahatt, that b, the order of the wheels 1'2:9• left to 

r:tch' or right to let' between the ata'\lona17 41aka aut be incliC2'"84e 

:laoh cipher wheel ooneiats of two rings ot 26 contacts, one ring on 

the obTarse face. the othElr on the rewree t'ace1 tho aontacte of 11118 

obwrae face are connected, 'bJ lneula•d conduotore paea1ng tbraush 

tibe wheel, to thoee of the rewrsa taae ln an entlrel1 random manner. 

!be cipher wheel• bear 1dent1fJiDB clea1pattona and are 1nwrchanpable aa rega.rda tbe order in which 'the1 J:Ja1 be 1naane4 into 'their pos1,1om 

upon tile ehatt 11 Rnd 1 t 1 e ueual 1io agree upon a key- which 1n41catea \ha11 

oriel'. Jl'or eXBl'!lJ)le, in " CJ7Ptogrnph conatrn.r.ted far the cipher wheel1, 

first position ne~t to the loft atatiODArJ disk, alpher wheel nun.bar 1, 

in the 111. cor.d posi Uo:n., and 10 on. '.l'he cipher w:1oala r;Jlt.7 be 1naerte4 on 

the shaft in a right aide up or up aide down pod ·uon. Slnoe til8 •1rlns• 

within the re8])80ti'ftt wheel• are 41tferen\1 it 1• obTioua that eacb of the 

10x8x&s4x2 or 3840 d1tterent permu.tatlona of the t1'19 wheel• are available. 

Bach such pel'r.IUtatlon will produce 41tterent; cipher reaulte trom 8Y81"J other 

. permutation baoa1~•• the oomplete path through the whole aet of wheela 1•. 

e1tabllabed 'b1' the Juztapoaition of five separate patha, one in each wheel, 

'lha aaq_uenca or arrangement of tba 1nd1 v1dual o1phe:· wheel a upon the Bhatt 

•111 hereatter be oa.Ued ti1e perf!IUtaUw ka7. The aeoond pan of the k97 

1• the apeaifia alignmant of 1dentif1l.nc marka on the peripheriee ot the 

oiphar wheels after th81 have been 1noerte4 on 'ho ah&ft according 'to ~ha 

perr.mtative ke1. !ha pertpheey ot each wheel 'beara a aeries d 26 14en'1• 

t7ing chM"RCtera aorreapond.lnc to tho 26 atopp:lnB pod tione of -t;he wlieel 

as it is d11Pl&cecl bJ rots:tlon on the llhatt. 'l'he 1nlUal rotator)' po811i10DI 

of.the tlve oipbor wheels relat1~ to one another and to the stat1onarJ' 

.. 

'.i... 
REF ID:A521464 C .. "J 

eJll 41*•• •• 4•1lpate4 'b7 the horlsontal Hquaae of the l4en'lf11ns 

ollllncter• on 'their psrtphei-w• •• a.ltgnd. on a "blnch mark" cm ,htl 

8114; 41*8,. wU.1 Jlerea"f'tel" 'M oal.184 the rota1lor.J •1• In ·c~phe 

of the tne u4er ~14eraUon the panmta"\t. w ke7 remalu fln4. ae a 

nie, •br~t the enot»bement··ot a me81ap o:r a •rt•• of •...-•a 

the lni 1.tal rot&toJ7 k87 unal11 cbtmp1 trom t1eeuge to ••Sftl9• 

low in All Cl'JPtopapha •~et upon tbs u• of rot•!t<l• alpha 

•heel• of tM tne nfene4 to a\lo•• amt anange4 a1 ·ln41oa,a4, ••• 

an •Wle4 •lthln tll9 orn~otP"&pb tor autC111&ttcallJ' ohanglna the l'Ot&tol'J 

.-

po1t '1one ot "'1MI aipher wheel• 4'ar1JJS the c~• ot enclphar11tg·or clec1J>Mr1ng a •••ases '\beae ll8al'Ut aze •1.wlv• ot nab a na'1lre as to •118 "1w• 

a_.., ot a defllll w Ml pedetendnecl aharaoter. Par ~1•, In U.'bem_ 

t1e8e 1&'9~ ~· 1,1811072, '*he flxe4 ~haac'8r Of the IUCC8881Ye rotatoey llO,._ 

•a• of '1le ·~wheel• la aplaine4 ln q,u1"8 a dautled amner1 an4 '1ae 

•- I• hue •• nprd.1 1bd.1u Cl'Jlltopaph1 proc1uce4 abroad. fha Pl'Ol'NellOD Of the clpllor WhHlll ln theee O&HI ia oiaUar ·'to that of lndlcat.llW 

thelr ao~lon. 'I.bl• r8«'11.arl'tJ' or :per1od1cit7 ot motion prod11ae• p~ic'f:able 

relatJ.onlhlp1 be"'88Jl tha Jlalni-'ed c1oa>'aCteJl'a liDCI. thft otphor abaraatere tor 

arw atwn lmtlal rotato17 t91. '1nul, Bh~d the or,.,1ionrapb and cipher maeaar.ee tall into 'the hand• ot unau'thor1H4 Parties, the la,ter aan place ,h ... 

8elY•• ln a )'081'tlon to 4aclpher 'the •••A«8• larpJ.7 aa a reault ot -r.he prePN41e11&lal• tactor and the pro'lleton ot a aeohan1&11 tor dlBPlAcirJC 1;he cipher 

8 
··- , . I 1 \ ' ......... 

REF 

' ' ( l 

'·-' 

wheela in a..n an.tlnl1 1n:egalar, aperiodlc ma.nner. '!bi.a te acoomp11abe4 "bJ 

•en• ot the wheel-stepping mecb&ni-.. ehown e.1 at ..c., and O}J8ra'e4 ln the 

:preeen' oa\od:l.J:leu'll bJ 1nd1'Y1dual Jlaf.Plftie whlob an 0011,rollaci bl '1w •ingle 

ln Pip. 2 and s. In '\1'91s deaoription '1 ehow a crn'\ofrraph ·~th a aat ot 

f1Te r01iata'ble clpar wheel• Md. a •rana1t'8r uelng a Jlval '11Li' ooda llaae4 

11po11 the penm.iatlcm1 ot wo el8PJ•nte 'lihl'ough fl 'fl poef. ttona, lnlt it l• obTi0\t1 1tie:t the inyan :ion la ~ppl1cable. to a CQ'P'topapb u•lJJft a t ... r or a 

greater mmber a~ clpber wheela and a plval-un11i code of a 41ttereat tJpe 

tag telegra'p)q, b>.J.t onl.1' one ot 'he unal two bu 'ba.r• a.re connected. .to 

cnarrent sou.roe tn thla case. !'ha tranmt Her 1• operate4 b7 a tape 'bearing 

a eerie• ot pertonr\lone permu.'\etl in acool'd.ance with "tba !awlot oode. !ha 

pertnratton• 1n. t:w tape control tbe ac'tion of the fi w contact mn\lerl 1-10, 

which, ln '\um, thr~ the circuit including potr8l" IOVae 35, u4 comluoto:r1 

,,. s1 to 32, tmrlu•lw control the aatton ot the the mannete, 11, 12, is. 1.fr, 

16• aa a 88t of elemen"te operable 1n a pemutAfJ1ft mnner, ae •111 be lllaown 

!i'l'l8 -.-ts 11 to 11, with tha1r aaeoc1ated st•J)J.'l~ •cbaalsm1 1 

which......,.. be ot the rntohet and p•l tne, ocu1tro1, pal'l!IQ.°\ativel.J'. the ~1.,. 

plaoeaen"t, ln atep-w1ee 1!19.M.Or1 ot 'lil\e 1nd1'ftd.ual. cipher •'.'1ael• 16 to so, . . 

and tbu• aGBtinuou11l1 "IU7t 1n rm l~epl.U", aperS.o41o nanner, ~ i-otatorJ 

t>0•1Uone or '\he f11'9 etphar •heel• ln enclphe!'Mn' OJ' deciPbement. It l• 

aalUlled natm'all~ tha't coneepon4ents mut 'be equlppe4 •1111 11~lar cryptog~ 

ph• and e1m11M" clpher wheels, Wind 1d.enli1oalq, and that the co~ipOadents are proYided with identical ke7 tapes to~ oontrolllnfr the llOYamenta 

6 
"":':-·I!"'- . 

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\ 

• ·O REF ID :~21464 \__) 

of the atpM.r wheel•· 'l'lae uac1i 1nltlal penmtatlw an4 roW.,017 DJ 

ad the lnltial »01n1i of ao·Uon of tJMt ke7 tape net .alao 'be ~ ..... 

laaweaa oone.,ond.n.'•• mcl oan lie Jm1detara11184 9 apeeaent. 

!he worlchrfr ~ent m&7 be such that on the back stroke 

•t arq k•J ot the te7loar4, a oontaot SI, controlled "1 a Uftlwraal bar 

oa 1111• ke7"bclucl 11 0101114, Ml4 the olrauit trma power 1ovce 915; tor 

eperat1ng ihe ,.,. •WP-forward me8net I&, 11 aloMCl. !he mxt character 

en the 'ape ta 'tlraucht ln~o Pl&71 the aipher-wbael maaDete, 11 to 18, are 

eperate& _and the cipher wheels are aet w a nn poaltion tor t~ mmipher-

••t Cor deolplt.el"m8Jlt ) of tha next oharaoter ot the •••1!169• 

'IJia enalpJlerl.-d.eolpherlne aireulta wUl now• •' torth ln 

4etall. Let ua ••nm that the orntpgn.Jll 1• to encipher a••••-· I. . .. tteh cont~l aachan1ea'61, ~17ing a aeriea ot 62 moYeable oontaot 

oa the 8RM 'baee, le •t to "enolphart.ng"' • I'll~• bring• oantaat -•r 

· 17 lipinat · oontaat '°• contact __ , 17' agatnat contact 42, contact 

-bar .31 aplnst conwt 4", and. aon'taot mem\er ss• again•' contact 48. 

8appoae Jce7 ".A" cm the ke3board. le tlaprealed. A current from power acnll'Oe 

46 tlowe along aonductore 4711 481 "hroueh cloeed contact 4911 aonduator 41, 1 

oontaot .. 'bar" 17', oontact 4-2 1 to &l, which 1R one ot 'the contact• on 

the oontao'\s on \he left-end fixed disk; the aurren'\ then oont1xmae along 

a 118U8 path thl'ougb the cipher wheele, 91118rging at 52, which 1a one ot 

the oontaot• on tiw rSBhti-41114 tiXa4 41*•· thence alone con4uotor B3, corr 

tac1i .W.1 contact ilamber 38• conductor 41• through lamp or 1114.ioator"Y", 

oond.u,or 6411 llaot to the other pole of power aource 46. Lamp or 1n41•tor ""rt la enarc1H4 and the cipher equlw.lent of "A" la "!", tor 

the particular eetUng of the cipher whael1 lhown ln the t1pra •. for 

' 
I 

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a dltferen~ se''lDC ot the cipher wheel•. depreeatan of "A" would J1.el4 

eome other letter. It thO otpher wheels f\ra dS.aplaaacl eaoh 111118 keJ "A" 

ls nepre11ed 1 ihe ouccass1~• cipher equ1Wllent• will be cauaa.111 different, and •111 'fftrry 1n a aoapletell' aperiodic manner so lo~ aa the 

4iaplac•e•• ot the e1pher wheel• are a.-pertodtc, AP would be the aa99 

in ~ invention wi tb a key tape eona1a-:1JW at a. rancloa aequenae ot lllm4ot 

perforations. '!be ar:ra.JW81Q8nt at the ke1"boar4 la 81.IOb that on 'tbe ral.6'\&98 

of &IQ' keJ a al •real 'bar oloaea the oircnil t tor aperaUag the taJMI 

1ieppin8 meohanl9m ae aapla1ue4 a'bow, tllu oaultll' the pal'tf.aul&I' 

laudot charac~er them a'l 4'he keJ-tapt tJ"&n•itta to aotute thli tlw 

1111peta 11 to 115, and thU8 eet 'IQ> a mnr rotator.r U'r&JIB8•nt of tlla 

oiph8r wheel• 16 to ~· 

Let ua now rewrae the operation and decf.phar. In thla oa•e 

the oontrol deTiae GS tor 11r1nr.1~ ~he csr:Jpto; ·raph 1'oo the 4ec1pher1JW 

aoncUUon ls H't eo ae to brlD&' conU.Ot member 3? against oon't;aot 66• 

oontact member 37' aga1na\ contac1 66, oontaot mena"ber sa asa1nat aontact 

. 57' an4 contac\ me:iiber 38' aga.inat coniac' 68. 'rhe alpbar •heel• 16--20 

are asaur.16d to be at exaetl7 the •am rotator1 position the7 were in 

•hen "A" was enoiphered and produced. olphaa" "T". Now 4epre•• te1 •'J" 

on the ke7'board. · A current tram power anune "6 tlowe along' concluc11ora • ., , 

89, closed contact ao at "l" • conductor .61, contact •mber S8' • ooniaot 881 

aontluctor 62, con:tao• 4', cond•tor &I, oontao' 62, thenoe '1lrou8b the 

ospher •heels, emerging at contact 151, thence along csomiuotor 60, oon"Uct 

42, conductor 61, oontaat se, oontaot meMber 3?, conduotor st, theme 

thraush thrOU(Jh lftMP or 1ndioaior nA"1 oonductore M, M baok to the otllett 

vole ot ~O\'lar ao'IU'ca 46. ~. lam,p or 1.ndicator ~A• 1• aatuatecl and alplaer 

"Y" reproduaea pla1.n text "A" • 

8 
,. 

REF ID:A521464 ·O , ..... 

\_) 

'lhe reci,rocal relationship between all the plRin text nnct. cipher 

le-Here 11 acco111>liahed in the 8aM8 •QI on!)' tour ot the 62 contact 

aember1 eh~ at 37, 3?', SB and 88' are indicated in the drawtng1 but the7 

are ~l 1110UDte&1 u:poa one base and are mowd into their encipheri11B or cl8-

c 1pber1nc position b7 the a1ngle control && which mo"f8a them aa a aet to 

th' right or to the left tor enciphering or 4ec:lpher:lng, reapaot1 w17• 

All 2ti 1IPP8r r1sht-han4 aontaata on this moTaable plate, at111lar to thoae 

•' 40 and 44, are wired to the 26 contacts on tlie right-and f1Xed 41aki 

all 26 lower rit;h1i-hanct' oontacte of' the l'.'llOTeable place, similar to thoae 

at 42 and ~5. are wired to the 26 oontaote ~n the lett-end tixad disk. 

!hi• arrangar.ient for effecting recl»rocitJ in ~nciph6r1ng and deciphering 

1•, however, not a pa.rt of rq invention. ·!his nethod ~d others tor a.ccomplillhing the same purpose are Jm.cnm ill orntograph1 at th18 type. 

The atteot ot TArioua key1111J arrNJren8nta w:l th the CrJP'togra!Jh, 

of IQ 1nnnUon will now be ahmm and will be taken 11P ind! Tidtall7. 

Pirat, lei ua aaamae 1ha.i 1he Jerr.n>.tat1"f8 keJ of cipher wheals 

and \he key 'ape remain: the same tar a aeriea of meaeagea. '!'he ke1 tape 

'lllA1 be ''arted at the ear.ie initial point for all r.ieaaft68• or at different 

in1\1al ~ointa tor 41tferenl messngea. AslNllliJtfr the former aace, d1varai"7 

of cipher rallll1BDtE for identical plain-text aeasa ea 11aJ be brought abou' 

bJ different initial rotato1"7 poaitt~na ot the f1Ye cipher wheele. ror esample, a ma1D&ge beglmlng "Proceed at once" , eno_ipherecl wi til the 1nlt1a1 

rotatory ~e7 "White", will 7ield a different cipher text tram that en• 

o:lpherad wi1ih 1be 1n1~1al rotatory key ''Wri"Ce., • Thus, aince there are 

a~ilable, wi~h a ~ot ti~• clphe 0wheela1 205 altterent initial_rotator1 keya, the potent1all't1ea ot the orntograph ln thla respect are 

aPJ>&rent. 

\ 

'· 
""t. ( ) \ ... .../ 

REF ID: A521464., ·~• 

I,.._) 

i:ov RHUJ:!le thR.'O the key tape ie in the tom ot a aontbmous ring and 

aan be etArte4 at diftarent initial poir1ts. A 1'1BFJff&t""8 enciphered with the 

aama inltil\l rota'Cory key can be enciphered in aa amv dltterant torm1 a1 

there are ch&rAatora on the key 'tRJllll 1t it ie 10,000 unU• in length, 

10,000 Yera1on1 of ~he eame me&1age can be prodmed 'b7 nartlng each •a8888 at a different initial point on the tape. 

It goe1 without 8'Y1D&' that 117 UBiJW man7 41tterent tapes, and ahall&'-

lDS "ibe penn.itaU w ke~ ot the cipher wheel1 on the Bhatt, the cryptograph 

•ill afford M &lllo1t 11m1 tl •• di wr11 'Q' ot 017Ptogn.phio relftll ta. 

All. trte i'oregoln,~ •rln.tions aro entirel:" aperiodic in aha.meter, ao 

that no cyclic pb&namena such as are u894 ln the analy&i• ot the u1n1al 't1JKI• 

ot automatic crJ'l)tograpba are &'9a1lable tor solving 1£ au.gee prodw:e4 'bf 

the cryptOtJl"&J>h ot 'l1f3 inuntlon. 

magnets 11 to l~, Vlhich are identicAl with si."!li1Arl1 deairnatod lfl86D8tB ot 

11g. 1. In this a.rrancement two different otpher-ke7 tnpoa in the torm ot 

contlnu.oua rinca govern 'the opern:tion ot the tape trana111'\ore. 'l'he tape 

p&HblB "hrour.,h tranB1111tter f.5 brings ~ ae1i ot con-;ao1i mamber1 6, ?, 8, 9, 

and 10 ~lnet bua bar 66 or bua bar 67 1n a J»~ma"",ati 'fe manners aimilar17, 

the tApa paa1ing ~roYCh tranllllltter 5' brings the sat ot contact membara 

&•, '1' 1 8'1 9' 1 and 10' &;"Rin111t bue bar 66' or bus bar 67' in a permv.tatlw 

manr.er. ~"hrt circui te are B110h tbat oni;· when homolor-oue oon4,act mambere are 

in contRct with oppoei te bu~ bars •111 current flou from power aource 33 

through the DUJBl'lOt controlled "1 this pair ot homologou11 contact •mbera. 

!be tape ateppi:ng angneta 36 and 3:,• ue oontrollad by a co11tact o:peratecl 

bJ the un1Tereal bar of the ke7board. 
• -0 REF ID:A521464 "" .......... 

. I 

>.._..I 

!he o,,Jeo' ot such an arrnngement •1t'1 two interaotlng tape 

tran•ittera 11 to provide a very lohg renltRDt, or 11aoncla17 otpher 

te1 1" 1iha 1n'8raat1on of two relati'NlJ abort, primarJ·ket•• for 

•Dll'l•, nppo• a clrcular tape aontaln1ng 1000 oharaotere le paaeecl 

"thrOUC"h tape tran&11lttar &, and another c!raular tape oontaininc f99 

character• la pa11aecl through tapa-1iranam1'ter ~·· It 11he 1alD tape• an 

1tart14.at ginn tnltlal point• ancl are mon4 forward. a~hronoul1 'bJ 

single ltepa. tben theee 118118 initial points •111 not lflB.ln prel8Jlt them• 

181WI 1ildltamou11 to the aontact plu until a total ot 999,000 atepa 

baw baeia IUU1e. 'lime, two ke7 taJ,lee of 1000 an.4 999 aban.o4:er• produce 

Coma one step tu.riher, three or more tspe tranlll'Ji ttera -., be 

amaad to interact to produoa aUll lo_ngar re8\111um' ke~11. Por an:tpla, 

three 11ape1 1001, 1000, Nld 999 ch&raotere ln iens'b •111 produce 'b7 inter-

" action • reaul.tant k•J ot 999, 999,'.000 characters. Fig. I .,iiow1 how three 

clpllar-keJ taP1 tranmittera would be 1nteraDm¥JOted. to 1>1'1118 thla about. 

' 13' !'ranaalt'\ere 8 8n4 6' lnteraot ~o control 1"91&1'8 11', 12',~4 , and 15'. 

,_ ar-.ture1 6" 1 '1", 8", 9", and 10", ot tha ·1a1lte-r rel1Q"1 ao11 1n the IJUl9 

aaanner ae do '\ha contao't members & to 10 and 6' to 10' of the tape tr..,. 

ml tter11 15 and &•, reapec111 'NlJ• !he 1n1eraa1'ii~ of' the al'l9nn1 6" to 

10" With the contact m8?'lbera 6"' to 10"' .of 'ti.he .third tranami tter 6", 

con,rol• tlla opera"tion ot mftbrnete 11 to 15, wb1c• Bttr'f8 the :f'\1not1o.n 1n4iaate4 'b7 idantlcall~ numbered magnet•·ot Fica. i an4 2. '!he tape-8*41ppinc 

macnet• 36, 16' and 86" are· all in ttae eame Qlr.cu1t controlled lJ7 the un1-

Ter1al 'bar of the ke1board, ao that- all three \t•• are mawcl QDChronoul.7• 

11 

., . 

.. ': . 

~I I I 

. ' . . . . . \ 
.••• .s.·~. 

l.._) 

n1 an extene ton of thie manner ot lntarconneot 1ng tape Vanm ttera 

mittere all interacting to c~irol collect1vel.J "'lbe iaapata ot the ctpherwheel ewpplng mechan11111s. 

It is one of 'he notable teatve1 of' rq 1Awnt1on that while emplo1-

1.ng all '1\e pe1'1!111ta 111one of the Jal.14ot oocte, S2 in mnber. aa Jce7inc Oharactera, the tlnr.1 c.r,ptf>6TM 1~ COl!l?Jor.ed or only the uwal 26 letters ot the 

ordin~ry ai.~hAbet. ~e e1x extra pen11Ut~t1ona (~hoee o\her than the onee 

represan,tng '\be 2\l le11tfll'8 of the alphabet ) , •h1ah, in •1•tene 'll81ng the 

laud.at aoda as a baeiB tor a cipher ke1, .oauee much 4ifficulil;r, aith•J' 1n 

their •11m1nat1on bJ autoJDRt1c me&n111 or tt the latter 11 no' poeaible, in 

their representaUon in written characters ha"fing standard equlvalenta 1n 

the MorBe aode, ba.'19 ~oan automat1call1 alf.m1ne.ted tron 'he ft!'JPtosrarne, 

11nce all the BMJdot pe:rrlltlt&tlons haw been exclude4 from 41reot lnteraot1oa 

12 
j 

;. 

~-

~-

~· 

0 

I claim 1 -

REF ID :A521464 .r·"" <.J 

1. "".n r. Cr1J>tot·rr..:-il'~, r keyboard conprisinr; character el8!"lents in 

operat1Ta eleairioal cozmaction with aorreepond1ng alBnaling ele::ients1 

means CQ'\'Prinhie a set ot Juxtapoaod, rotat ... ble connutatora for TB.eying 

the connectionP bet1ree3 the keyboard el81!1ent~ and esid sicn&lillf.:' elementaa 

a ctpher-lc97 "transaltter; and me ns coordinated with the trsnam11iter to effect 

pernm.tati n, stepriaa displacer.tents of the conmm.tators, 

2. In R cr)'PtogrApb, a ke7bor.ird cof:iprie1ng character ei. .. n·'8 in operaU.,. elaatrical ccmnection· with corresponding 111gnaling elements; means combetween the ke7'bonrd elemen'tis "and said signaling elements; a cipher-ke7 transaltter •chaD1•1 and meana coordinaUJ'8' aa1d 1:1echanin .•ith the commtato:ra 

to etteot pel'RlQ.tatiY8, atepwise di11>l~euents ot the cOD1111.tatajJ.~· 

s. In n. c:r;..,P1CJETP.ph, r. ~:oybon1·1l CO!'JPriE.l!i4--:' c::u.r.Mter e1e1·umts in operati ye electr cA.l connaotio1'l w1 th COJ"J"'et"Ponc!inc Pignalir.c t:1lorasnta; r.IBAnB comprlaing a sat of Juxtaposed, rot&table comma.tatora for varying the connection1 

. . between the ke7board eleconta and aaid signaling elen,mtsa a oipher-kcy tranami tter mechanism; Md a aeries ot comr.m.ta:\or atepp1Df. mechtt.niama, the cipherke7 tra.~eMitter l!l&che.nimn being operAti~el7 aaa~1ated with the cnJ!IP!\ltator 

• •tei>Pin6' mechAnimns to etfact perautative, stepwise dls;>lRcenents ot the oommu.ta tore. 

f,. In " cryp°toLJTaph, n. ke)bor.rd co:iprising c :s.racter elements in aperatiYe electrical conr.ect1on with correspondil16 eif:n&ling elenento; moane comprieing n set of Juxtapoeed, rotatable comr.m.tatore for Taryi.Dg the comiecttona between the k:qboard elemen1os and said signaling elements; a pluralit7 of cipherte7 tran1111tters; and meana coordinat1:ng said 1iranar!l1tters to effect permu1iaU ve, 

stepwise displacements of the commuta~ors. 
REF ID:A521464 I 

I I 

"~-j 

operative electrical connection with eorrespondirlg 3ignaling eler1Wnt1; means 

nections between the kdyboard eler:·1t~nts fmd ~>,'I :i..d sir:nal:hw elements; a. plurtor stepping mechRni1ms beinei: controlled by tha said cip~r-key tr~nsmitt©rs 

aesociated R.S @I. g::-oup and coord.inatod. collectively to effect permutative, 

si:;epwise displacemeni:s of the commutators. 

operative electrical connection with corresponding tngns.ling elements; means . oouipris tng a set of ju."ttaposed, r.ot~tb.ble co~t$\.tor1 for varying the conthe cipher-key t.r1msroi ttur mecllP.ni~:m being controlled by n keying el~mnnt 

7. Ill a oryptograph, n key'bonrcl comprisir-tr character eleznents in 

opera ti "fe electr i.cal connection with corresponc'J.ing signnling elements; means 

comprisu}f; B set of Juxt~posad, rotnt~ble comrot1t~tors for ve.rying the connectione between the ke~bol'!rd elemtmts and aa.i<l signs.ling elemente; ti. plurality of cipher-key trl\lls~itters; and ~ans coordinating the transmitters to 

effect penmitz~tive, :stepwis0 displacennents of the oorrn:mtta.to:re, the transmitters bein1~ controlled by separ~.te keying elemti!nte which arr. external to o.rui 

independent of th<i cryptc>graphe 
0 REF ID:A521464 

. .. 

a. In a omtograph1 a ka1boarct compria:lng oharaater elaunt• in 

operative electri-cal connection •1'11 coJTel]>on4lng aiiJD&linfr olenentaa 

•ans CQIR'Prl•ln« a set ot J\1Xt&po11ecl, .,01il\ta'bl'1 a~-~ore for 'Y&171na 

the 00Dl'J80,1011• batweea tJle b7board e1.-nt1 and aaid. 1lpallng elaman,s1 

a clphe~ka7 tranm1tter llf.chanla; and •ans coordinating 9&14 mecJumi• 

with the r.OB!lltatore to affect pe1'1llutat1Ye1 etepwiae 418l>l&e81!1enta at the 

C081nltatore, the clpher-ke7 tranem~t,er machA.111111 being oontrollecl b7.• . the 

· ta71ng el,eaen' which ia ax'ernal 'o an4 independent d/crwtograph, and 

whlch 1J'l01114a1 a perforated "'pe bearing_portorn~iona perr.m.ted in accordaaoe 

!· .• 

.. •1th a plurt!.l-ani\ code '\a represent cwaotora ln tha11 code. 

9. In R. crypt~1tph, " keyboard cor.sP~id.ng character elements in 

operati'V(! electl'ical connec't10Jl with oo:rrcl99on4ing a1gnal1JJff elemente; 

•an,. C£!ntJJria inlr a set ot Jurt;apoaed, r~'tatn.ble oomutAtors for Tar.Y:lnfr 

the connea'Uons between the ke7~ard ·ele!'len1"P. aJid ei.ld signaling -elP.nente1 

a tlural1t1 of oiphar-keJ trR118Jd,_ters1 and maRDe coordin&UJ'IP.' the tranlllitter• to effeot pe1'1!Rl~ati 'fe, atapr11e cl!aplacemmte of the CDlmltatara., the 

said tran11111tttera being controllod b7 separate keying eleaentB whioh are 

eztarnal to ancl independent ot t.."lo Oi'1J>tograph, Rnri whtch inolllde perton.ta4 

ta-pea bearing perto:rat1ons permuted in &ccordance with a plurn.1-mdt cocte to 

repreaent cban.cters in that oode. 

operau.,. eleatr 1ca1 connecilon •i "11 correepond1ng air,naliJtR elel!lent• 1 lllMll• 

comprlat.ng a •' ot rjatapoaad, ro'l;ata'ble coman&tator• tor "fM71DS the oonnea~ione between the ke~aard elanonts and said signaling elenontsa a pluralU7 of clpher-ke7 trenmit~ors; an4 •ans coord.lnati111r the tra.n8"l1tter• 

to effect permutat1Te, etepwise 41aplaca~cnta or the oomoutatora, the aa14 
./'"'' 

\_) 

REF ID:A521464 0 

tra.nsml ttera bairc controlled by in.di vidual ke7ing eleamnts whioh are · 

external to and independent of the CrJPtc>grnph, and which include pertora ted tapes boarine perforat1011e pel'l!r.ited in accordance with a plural• 

~it code to rep:resent characters in th&1i code, the llDDlbera ot aucb charactors in t:.o respective tn.pes:: being prime to one another. 

ll. In a cr,ptograpb of the character 4eaaribed, the combination of a 

sat of Juxtaposed, rotaiable ao111miltators1 a aet of cai:mr.itstor etepplJie meoham am.as "J.tla a plural-unit-code cipher-key tranmi ttar. 

12. In a orJJ>tOE,raph of the character described, the acmbination of 

a aet of Juxtaposed, rotatable aomu.tatorsa a set of' ccznitator stepping 

.meohanian•; and a plural-unit-code cipher-ke7 trnnsr.d.tter ~or oontroll1:US 

the ccmnm.tator stepping mchanima to affect permu.tative, steJ1W'.se diaplacements of' the commite.tors. 

13. !n a C17Ptograph of the clla.r&cter described, the combination 

of a set of Juxtaposed, rotatAble 00111Ut~tore1 & set ot co!Dll\1.tntor stepping 

mecbani ms; and a plural! t~r of' pln ""f..J.-un1 .. t-code cipher-key tran11111 tters. 

14. In a crwtofPrP.ph or the chRrll'cter described, ~ho COl~biJ:ation 

of a sot of Juxtaposed, rotat.table cor.s.m~torcs a set of cm:mu.tator stappiag 

mecban1ama; and a plurali t)· of pliU'a.l•uni t-coda cipher-key transni ttera 

electrically associa1ied for collectively co~1trolli~'if'! th•i ct1mm.ta~or step. 

·-.. ping l:tecrum1sn1 to. affect p~rrm.tp;U w, stepwise d1t..-plr.cenente of the commute.tors. 

15. ln a oryptograph ot the oheraoter deucr1'bed, the c0r1binQ.t1on of. 

ke7board. ehments and aiCMtling el9!1P.n1a11 & set of J1uc·;a:poaed, rota.table 

aOllllDUJtatora for vl\r:·1ng the connections between t1le two Dets ot el81!l91lta; 

a aeriea of com mtator !!t&ppiJIP. r.ull~hanisms tor dbplacing the reapeatlw 

coama.tatora in a etapw&ee rnn.nnera and a plural-unit-code cipher-te1 tranamltte• 

tor controlling the CQJIUllUtatozi ateppi:nr Meahan1811ls to eftec~ the atepw1Be 

O.isplacements of the commutator• in a permuta1lift manner. 
• 

0 REF ID:A521464 0 .. 

16. In a crn>togra.ph ot the oha:raoter d8acrl'ba4, \he combination 

of t97boar4 elements and signaling elementa1 a aat of Ju-.apo-.ed,. rotat-

&\le c011mta,or1 for Taryine1 the connectiona 'betw~n the two 1&t of ele-

•:n·ha a aet or coaatator atepplng mechanlea tor displacing the raapectlw 

oomatator1 in a 1'9p.w1ae manners and a plura.l1 't7 ot plural-uni kocle alpha~. 

DJ '\ra.naittera tar oollecUwl.J controlling the commutator 1"8pplng •ah- . 

'\ 1 ve manner • 

. 1'1. .&. •cbanim ot the character cleaoribad, co~r1a1DB ~ set of 

elements oonat1tu\1ng a ke1board, and a s&t ot eler.ionts constituting a aignaU:ng 'bank; a aet at juxtapoaed, rotatable BWi tohing cle'9ice1 for YarJ1D8 th* 

. . com:cctiona between the two ae'\a of elament11 and •an• tor effecting stepwise diaplacamanta of the ewltchlRB deTicea in an aperiodic mazmer. 

18. A aechanism or the character deaaribed, comprising a aet of 

element& consti ·~;u.tillc · a k .. Jboarcl, c.n~ a ae't ot elel'llenta const1 tu111ng a •18-

naling bank1 a set of Juxtaposed, rota.table •itching deYioes tor 'VILrylng 

the connact1ona between the wo 1et1 ot elemen'\1 j and mans tor effecting ••st 

" 

•lee d1eplaaalitBnts ot the •itching 4ev1oaa in an aperio41o manner, aaid maana '."· .. . \ 

'being controlled 'b1 an element which la external to and 1n4epen4ent of the 

mechanl81D itself. 

19. A ;,ec!umiBM ot the charaoter deecribed, COMPrieirJt; a act ot 

elaanta consti tutil'IB a ka7boarcl a;;..:t a ae'ti of elements consti tuUng a BiS'- , , 

\ 

naUng bant1 a set of Jmctapoaed, rota.table nitching clevice1 f'or ftr'7ing .. \ ·. · . . ' 

·. 

the Oonneo'Uon• between the 'ho 1eta of elements i and mans tor eff'ectins 

atepwl• displacement• at the nitahlng deTloes in a.n aperiodic m!\nner, the 

~1"8pwlee displacenen'!.a of' the 1et of switching devicea being penmtA.t1w 1D 

\ : 

\. 

1· ·' 

character-. 

I 

• I 
REF ID:A521464 

., \ . ...__. .. / 

20" A mechanism of t:~e: ch1i>racter described~ ootavri!>ing a set of 

elenents consti"t:.itir.g I\ keybofl.rd f?.l1d a aet of ele'.1tmh constituting a. siga.. 

1ng· the conr.ections batwuen the two seta of eleroante; means for eff'ecting 

stepwise di9plac::ments or the aWJ. tchi•¥ devfous in an a.periodic mnnner 11 the 

stepwise d.i::Jplacemants of the sat of switohing devices being nerzwtative in 

c::mrneter 9 the permutations o: ~mid displacei:~ents being determined by an 

exter1ml key. 

21. A mechanism of the chara.cter de~'lCribed, conpr.ising a set of 

ns.lin?Y o~nk; a set of JnxtnpoRad, rotE1.t~ible awl tching dav lees for varying 

the coimactionsi between the two sets of ~le.r1ents; R\6ans f'or affecting atep.o 

wise displfl.nenents of the std. tch1nf· clevtces in an aper\Mi(~ mf\nner, tbe disand :·1e•HI!:' «'or.mr~ f'in:· ~n external key for dett<>rmining the pflrmntations of 

j~ot t ... t;;., \' .l 0.4;·-..,4 ~..:..._~. 

aaid di srl11tceMents, said l:e; comnri. r: 'Jlf;' E!f, non-repen. t5.?1f' (sequence! of ci'pher ... 

ele!'ll:·nts consti tri:ting a keybon:rd and e. s ·t of elements constituting a aignalitlg b~nk; a. set of ,juxtaposed, rotntA.l>le S'~i tohin[" devices for varying 

the connections between the two sets of elet'ttZnto; mea.na for effecting stepwise displn.cements of t!lP: switchi~ dev~ces in cm a1:leriodic ma..'1.ner, the diemeans CO"l1)risinp. rui externttl key for deten1iniug the perrruta.tiona of snid dis• 

::;:...i.-;~:;~i;. .. .eyJ,~ (:,.Q~'.J· ' ·'' 

5 placements, said key co:'lprising n"non-rapeating(sequ.ence\of' cipherinr characters 

s.rrs.nged in rr.ndor1, 1mintell1gibl•3 order, and the said ciphering characters being employed successi valy to 'mcipher e ... ccessi ve olmrR.cters of the massage. 
REF.ID:A521464 

23. A mechanlsm of the character described, comprimil".tr a set of 

elements constituting a keyboard and a set of elements constituting a 

11.gnaling bamc; a set of juxtaposed, rotatable switching dovicee for 

Y&rying the cennections between the two sete of elements; means for ef~ 

feating stepwise displacements or the switching deVicee in an aperiodic 

manner, the displacement~ of the eet or S\1itching devices being permutative in character; and means comprising a. plurality of' independent but 

{t:S:r .• , 

~ interacting external('bai-s) for determining the permutations of said dis• 

placements • 

• 24. A meehmniem of the chR.raoter described, com.prising a set of 

elemente oonet1tuting a keyl:x:>E&rd and a. e<1 t of elemonts constituting a 

eignaling bank; n set or juxtaposed, rote.table switching devices tor 

•aryins the conneetiene between t·he two sets of ~lernents; r.ieane for effeating stepwise diSJ)lace~nts of the switching devices in an aperiodic 

manner, the displacements of the set of switching devices being pormuts.tive 

in Qharaeter; and means comprieir.g a plurality of independent but interacting external keys tor determining the permutations of said displacements, 

each of Mid keys comprising a non-repeating saq,uance of ciphering characters 

arranged in random, unintelligible order. 

25. A mechanism of the character desc:r.ioed, coropris1nt5 a set of 

elements constituting a keyboard and a set of Blem~nts coneti titting a eig-. 

nali:ng bmilq a set of Juxtaposed, rota.table ewi tching devices for varying 

the connections bet.ween the two sets of elements; means for 'ffecting stepwise displaceroents of the switching devices in an aperiodio manner, the 

displacements of the set of switching devices being permutative in character; 

and means comprising a. plurRlity of independent but 1ntera.ctirl€ e:r.ternsl keys 
;.:-· 

REF ID:A521464 

for deterr.iining tho :rierrn.uta.tions of nnid uif'lplnc<-•M.n::.ta, each of said keys 

comprising n. non-re:per..ting sequence of ciphe:rb~: chi~Mters arrBnged in 

random, unintHllig1"ble ord~r, rind the interac"t5.on of the ss. :d k~ye producing 'l re8\ll truit !'Jingle key consisting of' an un1n~ellir,i.ble sequence of 

charac~ere which serve!ll as the cipher. key to enciph11r th~~ succ1.1r:ui V$J ch.a.racters o!' the tnassH.ge. 

26a In !". cr:,rptorre.phic ey~ter~ ar'i;>lv;l::lt':' .~n el,n1J1.t 1.tl)on which a 

:plain-t3x·:. ci:Hranter ia esti;.,,blished and H,n r.~lenen":: u.:pon which a cipher 

cha.ra.cter is eetu,blished» ">ntl iw~bdin:r a. eet of ,)11.Xt&'!lO!:'ed. rotatable 

swi tcl1i:i.g t~evices oper•;ti vely 1ntm:-poeed between s~:!.d. aler-:en"'.9; the ~thod 

of e::.~ ~~h~?rint:; which consists in continuously VR.r7inc the cipher re $t:tl tn.nt 

of a B'i •1im plni•1-taxt charn.c .er by externally and aperio<lically controllir.g 

the displi>.ce;:icnta ..>f said pwtl11ulli&nt: clevices pE-irnu:t,nt:i vely Rnd in <?. stepw 1 ae MEl.llne r. 

2.7. In a cryptncra.phic :~:i atom e:·mlo;!:lr~~ an element upon which a 

plain-text ehitrncte:ir i~ eotabliRhed, !'.Jl element upon which n cipher cha.racter is eatn.blished and a set of Juxtn:poead, rot11ta.ble sw:.tching devices 

operati'fely interposed between said elernentP. 0 all coordinated for operation 

unde.· the control of a cipher-key transmitt(~r; the method of' enciphering 

which consists in continuously var.;villf!: the cipher resul"tant of a l\iven plain 

text character by 0.."(~ernally A.nd s:periodiCl\llY controlling the dieplac:ements 

of said swi tchirit~ dt:lvicee perr:rn:ta:ti vely nnd in a stepwise manneri> the etep 

of external control involving the operation of the cipher-key transra1tter 

according to an unintelligible, random sequence of keying cbarMter.s. 
IJj";oo·" .... ·-----~- .. ----·~ .... 

, :!; . 

' 

; 

:) 

1 

J 

j 

i 

. '~ ~ 

. 

I ... 

/'~ 

( \ 

\...__,/ REF ID: A521464 ·"-) 

28. In a e.ryptogra.]lhic systeRt employing an elemel:lt tlpon which a 

plata-tei:<'t claaracte·r 1e eBtabl1ehed, an element upon which a cipher character 

le •'•iflablhhe~, and a sat of Juxtaposed, rots table swi tch1ng devieeu opera-

'\:i'fely 1nte,rposed between said elemente, all coordinated ter operation under 

'the oo7ottral of a plure.lUy of electrically 1nterae-ting cipher-key tra.nsmi tter!•J the me'llhod at ew~ipherinB which consists in eon'Unuously varying the 

e!p:be,r resul iil\nt of a gi vcn plain-text eha.X'a\cter, b;r externalq and aper-

. 

1.ocHc·e.lly controlling 'the displacernertte of. said switching devices, permu.taUvel;,y pd in a 11tap-wise ma.nner , the gtep of' external control 1n'folving 

tlile operatio11 o't the indi'fid.ual cipher-ke7 transmitters nccordtng ~o respective, 

unintelligible random eeqaence• ot key1116 chare.ctera. 

29. In a eryptographie syl!ltem employing an element upon which a 

plain-text ohe.raeter is establie~ed, ft.n elemen~. upon which a cipher character 

is enabliahed a.ad a set of Ju.xtn.posed, rotatable switching devices operati Tel)' iatal'pilBed between 1taid elements, ti\ll coordinated for operation under 

the C·Gntrol ef a C ipher-ke: tra.nrm\1 tter through which h ).'>~seed a perforated 

tape J the mat~0d of' enciphering which consists ln aontinnously v~rying- the 

ciph-er relJl\ll tcmt or e. given plain-text ch~:+.rMter by externally a.nd a.periodlcall7 can trolling tlle di splaeements a f said n1toh1ng device a perr.m:tati vely 

and in a step.wise manner, the step of' external control involving the operation of ihe cipher-key transmiiter according to anun1ntelligible 0 random 

sequence of keying characters, ·an.id oharaoters being represented b,y perfore.-

tione in said ta:pe. 

~o. :tn t\ oeyptographic system employing an eluTA1ent upon wllicb a 

plain-telltt cl1uacter 18 eatali>l1ebed• an element upon which a cipher eh.aracte1~ 

11 eate.bliehed, llUild a set of Juxtaposed, rotatable ewttehing devi<!Els operati~aly inter:posed between said elcman~e, all coordinated for operation under 
y"·· ' i • 

~-.. _,./ REF ID:A521464 

/ the control or ~.~ plur11lity of eh1ctr.icnll;1 in.t!.3re.cting cipher-key trMi;;Nitters, 

th,·0·1('h enci'l of which is p<l.r;sed perforn.ted tapes ; tim ·i:.u:thod ot' ~ncii>hering 

whi.ch r;on~isto ln cont1nuo·.~s1~: vr.r;r·inE; the cipher resultant of a given plaintext c~ha.rncter, by externally and aperiodics.lly ·controlling the diapl$CGments 

of, snid ~witching tienicea permutn.ti vely ti.nd iu a etapwi se manner, the step 

of ex1ernn.l control involving the operation of the individual cipher-key transmi ttere according to respt3cti ve, w;,ini;elligible random sequencee of keying 

. cJ..arac · erFJ, Sl'\id oharaotera beine respecti Vt!ly 1·evresented by perforations 

in said tapes., 

:.n.. In a cryptographic s;o:;te:::::i mnployir...:~ s.n alenent -u;pon which s. 

plain-text ehiaraci:-.er is established, e.:r. elel":ont upon which a. ciphEir ehRrMter 

ie established, and ~ ~et of JuxtP..:poeed, rote.tRble switching d.e"tioes operatively 

inter1'0f'ed between !l!!J.id P.le11iM1t.0 , ~11 coordil'lB.ted for operation under the 

contr·?l of n ,,b.r11.li ty of 1:lect1:·ic.-ill;r i.nkra.cting ciphnr-key transmitters, 

. through each of which is pn.esed !\ r>erfora.ted tapeg the method of: enciphering 

which eoneistl!! in continuo1ully vi>.ryinr,- the t~ipher re:inlto.nt of e. given plai:ritext eharH.eter. by exter11A.lly n.nd a.periodicall;7 controlling the diaplacenents 

of said switching devices par.m1t<i.ti vely o.nd in a stepwise manner, tht~ ntep of 

extern~! control involving the opera~ion of ~he individunl ciphor-koy transmitters 

according to rP.epecti ve 0 unintellig1bli3 random sequences of keyi:ng cha.r~ct~rs, 

said txa.:mmrt:t:::ter chP.rP.ctere be irt.g represented by perforations in said 'tapes for 

controlling st\id t:ra.na;-n! tters and oous 1:1€ interaction 'between ch~'\mCttlrs passing 

simul ta.:neou131y through si.'l.ici. trfl.nsmi tiara. 

32. In n cryptogrl'tphin is~n~tem employin.;; Rn elt~M.ent upon which a. plaintext charM"tAr is esta.blhlled, a.n ele; 1

10.nt '.l})On which a cipher chn.racter is establiehed, and a. eet of juxtl'l.'T)Osed~ rottitl'lble switching davi ooe operatively 

interposed between said elemonts 0 all coordinated for operation under the 
...... · 

·I 

,'. \ . ) ~-

t I I 

' ·~ '' 

',; 

f..01an~i~~; o.t a plu1~alttw ·or electrically interacting cipher-key t:ra.rumittersr 

·~~t-4~ e.l.tQh of' wh,ich is paesed a perforated tnpe; t \e method or enc:tpher-

~118. •b•,1!¢h COl1·~ci et•a 1·n continuoua~y "fllrying the ctp~er resultant of !\ given 

, J?'.~jt.'l•~t~x·t cha~acter 11 b7 externally Mui aperiodically c<'Jl'ltrolUng the d1ePl'~.~J.n1i8 ot said sw1tc·hi:ng de'ficea, permutntively end in a stepwise manner, 

:tb8. slf:.~ ot e*te•r:ml oon~rol in"fol ving the operation of the indi TI.dual cipher-.. . h 

ilt~ t•r&n~1Di>t·terr,s aooor,ding to respect1-m, unintelligible rand.en sequences ot 

~l'd t·a~!B f!:or oont~o1Ung said tra·nsm1 tters and causing interaction between 

~r.ac•terl9· P&!!lsing •imul ttUteously through said tranem.i ttera whereby the final 

·o.o:nt1rol exe·~Cfised by the respective 1iranem1tters is collective in oh,,..racter. 

53,. In a cryptographic B:+'stem comprieing a set of ciphering 

el'..emen~·• and Olll>lowtng as a keying element a cil)her-key transmi ttar, said 

t·t$n1sm;it~el\ ll!Bing a cipher-key consisting of' keying charp.ctere composed of' 

e>~gna·lir.ig uratie permuted in accordance with a plu.rnl-unit code; th'1 method 

o·t eUm·inati.ng from the finnl cryptofr~a.m those permutations of said code which 

have no ate1ndard equi Talents in the conventiom~l twe1it~-six letter Morse code, 

ea.i>d me·tnad consisting in causing said oipher-ke~ trf'-.nSE'litter to control the 

Re•r.tnuta1ttve, st·e:pwisa displacemmte ot the ciphering elements to the a:xclus,i,.on o,f any direct interact ton between the keying characters and the 111aaeage 

~~•. In a crwtogrRphic a~rntem compr1a1ng ~ set of' ciphering elememe ~.-· .. ' tl.i-· 

and enrli)la~"ing as keyiJlli elements a plun.11 ty of cipher-key trru·1sr1i tters, said 

... tr.an,eri:dttere u-sing cipher keys consisting of ke1ing characters composed vf 
'• ;-\ 

REF ID: A521464 ~ \.~) 

signalir.g units permuted in r.ccord1ince with a. plural-unit code; the method. 

of eliminating from the final cryptogrrun those permutations of enid code 

which have no standard equi V.?..lenti;; in the conventional twenty-six letter 

Morse code, said roethotl consisting in ~!lousing said cipher-key trnnsmi tte1·s 

to control collectively the permute. ti ve~ stepwise di splanementa of the ciphe:ring elements tt) the exclusion of e.ny d.ire~t inter.a.ction between the ke3ir:ig 

~ 

1 

I 

' 
•• , •• ! •.,;, 

.· 

'I 

:·•' ·,I ' 

REF 

CLAIMS FOR COMPANION CASE 

3~' ':A. In comb1ne.t1on a set of character e"l.~mente: - co~_stituting a key board, a switch 1nd1v1~ual t.~ .ea~~-·-. 

elemen~ and operable thereby~ a correspon~1~·~:~~ber~·or ··: 

translating devices operable by said elem~pt~I-' a .w1r3.l;ig ." . . ~.:: . :·' :: .: : . : ..':' : ·.:~~ .. ·.. . ~ : .. . . : ·. 

sy·•:tem interposed between said switches &ticf '~~id '.tran.~.:. · . ~ . . '.= .. . . . · .. 

la ting devices rendering available a nmltipl1:c+t1 Qf ,;, . I~ • '~ ; ', 't ' ;' • ' ; I ' • ... >' ,· • ·; ... • 

el~ctrical paths between said s?t tohee an_4·,~~1~-:::(ieviee1, ·'. 

. an~ means operable in response to each ke~.--~~~~~~~-on. · . 

aeiecting a group of said paths, said last 'named .. ·mean.- . · ... . . 

compr1 sing a variably operable sensing mechanism~· · · 

: ~· 

·::1,1: 

3\p~ In combination a set or cha~_scter elements· 

cQ#atituting a keyboard, a switch 1nd1vidμftl. to ea~~ ... , · · 

ei~'.ment and operable ther~by; a. oorrespon~1n:~ n~b~~ :~~:·: .. :~--:· ··.: . . ...... , . ··.. . . ' ; ', ... : 

translating devices opex-able b;r said ele~.nt'~~i· 8 w1rins · : I: '. t '. ' • . 1' • ' • 

sy~:t;em interposed between said awi tohes and·.~~1d trans ... i 

la~i.ng:_devices rendering available a mult1pii,o1ty. ot . . . . . • . .~... . ',, ... « ' • ; ' ' .. 

. .'·'... . : •' 

ele~otrical paths between said sw1 tches anc;J. ~~id :d.ev1ces •\:' 

. . 

wh~,reby each switch may become assooiated;'.:Wi th any one 

ot-:.'a plureli ty of said translating device~.·: ~:aid system 

cotapr1s1ng adjustably movahle connectors ~h~reby the ' "· · .. (.. 

w1r.;ng system may be g1 v.en an 1n1 ti al se~:t.i:ri8-·~oviding . :< . : . ' .. 

on~:\"~leotrionl vath for. each a'wi toh and mean"s\operable'.' . -·:.~". .. .. ~.~··~···>_~.~- .. ::·: .. ' .. :' ' 

in ,:response to each key operation .for oh~g1~g s~c~· sot.t1ng • .. : !•·',,' 

' . '. . ' 

'i'. 

:··. 

' ..... 

. ::· .. ' ..... , ·:. ,,· ":/ ... ·:'. 

·;:· . 

. .. 

i .. · 

"·.' 

,·,:,::, ·' .. 

·~· . 

~" ';. . . . . . . 

. .... 

.( .. 

.,··· 
.\,. 

t~ ... : 

,:\ .. 

',,,, 

. '" ' 

. ,· >°/.' . 

. " \ :: "·:: ·. 

REF ID:A521464 

'\ '/1 £.:.. The combination set forth in.: Claim 1! inf • . •· 11 . . .. . i 

whioh the last named means comprises a sens~~ mec~a~1··am 

operab~e by a perforated element. . · ! .· 

I ' I 

. . I . J 

·· /l{i ~ The combination sat forth in· Claim B 1nn 

whioh \he laat named means comprise~ 8 plural.t~y· :r · r rel~)'e .• :' corresponding in number to the numb~r: ·~ : ; . . . : .. h} 

'. I mo~aJi~ . . . . / 

· .. o~~n.ectora, and a sens1.ng. mechanism operab.l:e .. by ·an e.le~-

.· .. . ,· ·:-· 

. ''' 

men~ perforated in accordance w1 th a plur~i ·~1.t .. . ' ~ ' 

. . ' . •.. r, 

• .... ' .. · 

character code. 

E. ln combination a set of charact.er ·elements 

- ... : ·.: j 

. . . . ': 

oon.8titut1ng a keyboard, a switch individual ·to each 

elebient and operable thereby, e corresponq~ng n~·er .of .. :·· . ·~ \ . . : . . ' . . . . . . 

tra·~slat ing dev1 ces operable by said elf,'~pts, a \vii-1ng: :. 

system interposed between said sw1 tohes n~d ·-~81~{ trans- - . . . . ~ . . 

lat1ng devices rendering available a mu1ti~:L£01ty ot 

electrical paths between said ·switches an(f..-:a~·id d'.ev1cea 

whereby each switch may become ·assooi ated w1-1:h ariy one ' < ~/ ••• • , • • :.,: .' ' • 

·; ." of • I'. .. ~ plural! ty of aa1d translat 1ng devt'ce~·;. e81"d' s~s.tem ,. . . . . . . 

·., ·comprising a plurality of stationary annu~&,~,- corrimutator :•' .,. 

el~ments nnd rota table annular cornmute.tol'. :tnf;mbers interpos~d between each pair of fixed commutatc>r.' elements,. said ; : ·~ . ' ' . 

members having a set of contacts on each ·t•ce· · ther~ot ,· ... " .',:. ' .. ,. 

cocip~~'ating with the contacts of the adjae~~?lt stat1oriary . 

element, said members also having random_ .cross conneot1.ons 

be~\veen the con tao ta on the opposing taoe'_~·:.-t~ereof, ~.'.-'" · · . . ' . . .~'. . . . . . ... 

whereby the wiring system may be given an·:.1:~·t1a1· aetting 

at :~~111, and means operable in response t·i\:~~q·h key . 

operation for changing such setting. , .. 

.. 

.. 

. ·.:.· .. ·. 

. ................ .. 

·,.: 

' '·, 

:,:., . .-.· . ..... ,,.·· 

. . . . . . .. :, : . 

:···