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•' ' gOPY 

'lllt DIPARTllENT 

ortICI <JI TH! CHIEJ' °' sirm 

'IASBINGTOK 25, D. C. 

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30 April 1946 

811CIU.HDUll rctt n:mEO'l'OR.S AND CR!EFS at WlR DIPAR'fMENT G!NERAL AlID 

SP!ClAt S'l'ln' Dl1'!S!ONS AND BUREAUS A.ND THE CQ.V..ANPING GENERALS 

(JI THE lllJCI\ CQTMARnS 1 

StJ!J'l:CTs Scd.entitic and 'teohnologioal Re11oureea •• Military Assets 

!he recent conflict baa de~onstrated more eonvinoingly than 

•••r before the strength our nation can best derive from the integration 

ot all or our national resources in time of war. It ie of the utmost 

1aportanca that the lessons or this experience be not forgotten in the 

peacet1me planning and training or the ~. The future security of the 

nation demands that all thoee civilian resources which b7 conversion or 

redirection constitute our main aupport 1n time or emergency be associated 

olo•ely with the activitiea of the Arm_y in time of peace. 

The lessons or the l~at war are clear. The militar;r effort ~.-quired for victory threw upon the A.rm1' an unprecedented range ot 

re1poi'.1.111bilitiee, llllUJ1' of which were effectively' discharged onl7 through 

the invaluable assistance •upplied by" our cumulative resources in 

the natural and social sciences and the talents and experience furnished 

by management and labor. The armed forces could not have won the war 

atone. Soientieta and busineaa men contributed techniques and weapons 

•hich enabled Ul!I to outwit and overwhelm the ene11l7. Their understanding 

ot the-~'• needs made po1aible the highest degree or cooperation. Thia pattern of intecration must be translated into a peacetime counter• pa~t which will not merely tam111arize the Army with the progress made 

1n acience and industry, but draw into our plannina tor national security 

all the civilian reaourcea which can contribute to the defense or the 

count17. 

Suaceaa in this enterprise depends to a large degree on the eoo~ration which the nation as a whole is willing to contribute. 

lowe'98r, the Arr.rr ~a one or the main agencies responaible tor the defense 

ot the nation bas the duty to take the initiative in promoting closer 

relation between civilian and military- inter~•ta. It must establish 

def 1nite policies and administrative leadership which will make po&sible 

•Wn greater contributio,..·a tro11 science, technology, and management than 

4uring the last war. 

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ln order to en•uro the lull ume or our national resource• 

la. case ot emergency, the tollowinc 1eneral policie• will be put into 

;t.rect1 

(l) IP Arv mu•t have civilian aaaietanoe in m111tarx .. tor t e reduction we n • Ettective 

ong-ran&• m111t&r7 planning can be done onJ...v in the 116ht ot 

pr6dicted developments in •Ci•noe and technology. 1a turther 

•c1ent1tic achievements accelerate the tempo and expand the 

area or our operation•, thie 1nterrelationah1p will become or 

even gtteater importance. In the past we have often deprived 

our;elvea ot vital help by limiting our uae ct aciantif ic and 

technological resources to contracts tor equipmeRt. More often 

than not we can find much of the talent we need for comprehensive 

planning in industry or iniveraitie•. Proper emplOJJD.ent of this 

talent requires that the civilian agency •hall have the benefit 

ot our e11tiJIP.t.e11 or future military problem• and ahal l work 

clo•el.T with Plana and the Research and Development authorities. 

A most etf'ective procedure is the lett.i.ng of contracta for aid 

1n planning. The use of such a procedure will iJ"eatl.Jr enhance 

tbe Talidit7 or our planning as well as ensure sounder strategic 

equ1paent programs. 

(2) Scient1 ts an lndustr h'8n the 

eat at 11a te free 011 to o 1r r ea h. The 

t lest util1at1on b7 the lrnll" or the i1,..111an resources or 

the nation cannot be procured merely by prescribing the militarr e,haract~riartica and requirements of certain types or equipment. 

8c1ent1sta and industrialists are more likely to make new and ~blUepeeted contributions to the development ot the lrm;r if' de• 

tailed direction• are held to a ainimum. The solicitation or 

a•aiatance under theee conditions wo11ld not only ll!.!lke available 

to the Ar'l111' talents and •xperienoe otherwise be7ond our reach, 

but alao eatabliah mutual confidence between ouraeliree and 

civilians. rt would fa11111ar1• them with our f'undamental 

problems and strengthen greatl)r the foundation upon which our 

national ••curit7 depends. 

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_ _ (4) JithiiJ:• ]:awe JIU£! B!x::t: r:;oopfibi;ex tpr .-••llch and _...,.~_nt~ thl ~ct_Q__ ~r ~ocureme_~ llutaMI.!• etorye and ~1a'!fr1butioD• Our experience during the 

ftr and the experience or induatr;y in time ot peace indicate the 

ne•d tor such a polic7, The inevitab'~ ~·~ between the acienti•t 

or technologiat •nd the u•er can be bridged, a• during the laat 

Yal." 1 b7 field experimentation with equipment etill ia the deV!'lop-

.m.ental atage, Por example, restr1cted-visibil1t7 operations with 

the aid ot radRr1 •uch as blind bombing and control ot taotic•l 

air, went !Ulde possible largely by- br1n7lng together techno1'gi1te 

trho l.now the potentialities or the equipment and field 00111111Anders 

familiar with combat conditions and needs, 1'11.tute cooperation of 

tbia type requires that research and development groups have 

autborit7 to procure experimental items tor a1milar tests, 

(') Qffioer1 ot all arm.• and 1ervice1 muet become tuJ,];r 

or 8 ta a which Ni! ll"J!l can d!riv• from the close 

at n ot civil n t ent "P.ith 111 a la~~ deveJ.opmentp. ill end cannot be achieved merely b7 aending otfi~era to universiti~• tor professional training. lt ie true that tho 

irlQ"'a need tor officers well trained in the natural and social 

•ciencea req111re1 a thorc~h. program of advanced atud;y for selected 

a111tarr personnel, but in addition we must supply inducamenta 

which will encourage these men in the continued practical applica• 

tion ot acientif ic and technolo~ical thought to m11itar;y problema, 

l premium. must be placed on proteasional attaimaents in the natural 

and aocial sciences •• well as other branchea or military aoience. 

Qf'ficera in each arm and serv1ca must fajiliarize themaelves as 

auch aa p<'&sible with progress and plan• made in other branches. 

Only then can the ~ obtain the administrative and oparat1"19 

talent easential to its taak and mutual understanding by the arms 

•nd aarvices of their resuecti'Yil problems, 

In general, the more we can achieve the objectives indicated 

•bove with respect to the cultivation, eupport, and direct use of outaide 

ra•ourcea, the more e11~r17 will we have lett to devote to 1trictl.7 

m111ta1")' problems for which the1'9 are no outside facilities or which 

tor special 119acur1ty reasons can only' be ha.ndl.ad by the m111taey. In 

taet, it ie our:mt•pona1bility deliberate~ to examine all outside re1ourcaa aa to adequanay, d1verait7, and geographical d1stribl1tion and to 

ensure their tull utili~et~on aa tar.tors ot aeourity. It ia our job to 

take the initiative to promote the development ot new rcsourcsa, if our 

ne.tional aect1rit7 indicates the naed, !t ia our dut7 to support broad re1••~~h programs in educational inatitutions, in industry, and in wbaiewr tield 11.ight be cf importance to the Am;y. Cloee integration ot 

&1lit&ry" and ciTilian raacurees will not onl7 directly benefit the A:n17, 

but indirectq oontribute to the nation's aaourity, as civilian• are 

pl"epared tor their role in an emergency~ the experience gained in time 

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ot peace. The aaaociation of mUi1;ary and oiviliana in educational 

inat;itutiol)i an4 indu•tq will level barriers, engender mutual under .. 

1ta~d.i!!J, and lead t~ the cultivation ot !'r1endab1pa invaluable tor 

tU.tun.cooperatiol'l. '?he raali .. tion ot our objectives place• upon ua, 

th• •ilitar:r, the challanp to -• our pro:f'e•e:l.onal otf1cera the 

..-quala · 1n ~owle~p and trainirig or oiviliaaa in similar f ielda ar1d 

•alm Qur pror,,a1on-1 environaant as inviting ae those outside. 

. ·.ta the intere•t or culti,rati1l4r to the utlllo•t the integration 

of cJvilia.n arid 11!litar7 re•ourQas and ot aecuring the mo•t ettactive 

un1:f~d direetioQ of our reeearch and dewelopment activities, thia ~·•~ons1bili't7 ie being consolidated in a •eparate ••ctioo on the .b~~at W.r Departqaent level. The director of this ••ction will be 

~h:•ctly eupporled bJ" one or 11ore ti-Yilian•, thus an•uring :run con- tidenc~ ~ bQth the milita17 and the civilian in this undertaking. 

:B7 the rotation. ot: ciTilian apecialiats in thb capacity we ahould 

.have t~e.benatit or broad guidance and should be able to furnish 

•c1enee and 1.ndu•tl?" with a tir~tha~d understanding of our problems .&nd obJective•. By dtnreloping the general poliaisu outlined abave 

under the l•aderahip or the Director of Raaearcb and De~elopment the 

Ar117 will demonatrate the Ta::t,11• it plaoee uuon science and technolo.oahd further the integration or aivilian and military resource•. 

(aigned) Dwight D. Eisenhower 

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