REF ID: A27291£fA )[.!') . b ~. 1~ I C.: 1 b 

. ~-

Cl'Pher equ1TA.lent~ r.·preatt::'l•.1116' 17laln-'8~ c :ft.racier_• RO R.r "to 'JJreYffn'f; 

&IQ' per1od1Gi"t7 in ~h.1.~: relationsb111. · 

.A.no+J\t!r 0·1.lec't t>t the in'Y1mtion 11 the 1Jlpro"9Jllent or eztmtlng 

Ol'JPtOft'Z'&~h• asplo7:l.ng a sarias ot .tmctapo11ed, rotA.tfl.ble., t:on·:P.rt tonch&DB1J'll~ r.1echnni .. wbir.n ''~ovide AD enol'IDOU9 mnber of 11.l '\ernati,. JJAth• 

for tha PflBBRr,8 of an ele~tric current correapondln« to a me•IB&ll aharA.Cter, 

t:ram "\he tranan:l.'\'Ung contact• ot the ke7'board to "\ha lndintL'tilng el.-nta 

ot '\htl l"eoordlng mcha.ai •• 

A fatha:r obJeot 11 o proTlde •an• tor the lrrR8Qlar an4 peza.t.-

tlw 4111Plaaenant• of tbe me;·1ber• of a "at of cireui'\ ohanglJ"lf·· nechan:i.-

• eo &I! "tO all :inn.te ~,. prad1otR.bla factor• 1n 'the mo'f8111Bnta of the circuit 

cbaJl6'1ng mechani•• w l th the relNl. t tna.t unauthorised "8r•one, e"ftln thDUBh 

1iha7 flR1 p•>H••• identical cr1ptographa, •ill be unable to decipher ••ut."W• · 

eo emiphered. 

!he inwn1i:l:on ls ~lained in connect :.011 with he &OCCJRP811i11DC Arawl11g9, in •hloha 

In l'it~· 1, _which is Mral7 d !ngrl'IJT.IR.Un, tharH are llhown the fol• 

lOWillf.": elerunt• n.11 or which Are well-known in tl1e art applicable 'tio mod.-

ern a17Ptograph•: 'L'he mm18ral l ,re?1erft.llJ del'!icna:t.a• a I 

atandRl'd t~tter 

2 

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 09-13-2013 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 
REF ID:A272912 

k•7boll.l'd. p~ovided with a set of keya tor closing a eat of con"8Ct• oorl'•BPOn4i!IB to tbs 26 letters of the alpha'bet1 the DDaPral ~ pne~ll7 

~ . . .· .. 

4e•lgnata• a recr>r.d1~11.~ or 1ttrl lea~ 1118' deTica whinh '""'=-' ', tnke -the terrs-·~·• ·. . . . ~. . 

•t· ·:ef m~~~t•1i• 01· IL pr:ln'\1Jlf: meohan1na, Ol\ a bank of glow l•l'• ·110 indicate b7 illUl!!linfLtion of 8\l))erlmpomed lettering 'be aquivRlent• reln11""' 

iDC" from enclpherment or decipherment; 3 68Ml"Al~ des1Bna1ie• a aet ot 

Juztn.pu!!!ed, rottt.ta'tlle nircuit cbft.nt:er• confltl':tc:ted "in the !om <>f cipher 

•h••l• or di!l!k81 mountA.ble unon a OOIWllOn •haft and arrR.Jlft94 to rotate 

nlati'ftl to one another A-nd to fi.xed end di9lcs, in order to provide a 

large eeriea of Yf\riable J>A.t!;• for the l>R.P.11:1P. •. ·e of electric cui•renta roprel'!fenttr.lf,' 11esP"6'J ohnr~a tn·e, t:ie e:taot path in each inratanoa being 

deterrdined by the reh.:Uvo ru+.ator~ po~iUona of the whole Ht ot cipher 

ing telegrR.p~. In j~!g. l onlj' one BllCh 'tape-trftll•i tter is 9h'>wn ae 

at 5. In 111r. 2 two snoh tranenittnra 2'.re ll\own in interantj_on as fl.t & 

and 6' ; ,..nrl in Ji'~· 3 '\hrea trA.n~-,Utt>re are shown in 1n1mraction aa 

a\ &, 5' and 15". 

{n cryp+.OBr&pha of th!• general chl\rR.C'ter 'tihe principal rell•m• tor orjptographio HClll"i t~ 11 plaoe4 t\pon keeping Hore'\ the 1n1 tlal 

oondttions 1.e regMd• the rellltiY8 rt1lBition1~ Hild t:1e arrangem.~n1i ot tlw 

in1t1al norid!tion~ con!:ltttute the "key", and ~he lntter usually conde\a 

of two ptLrt~. ?ir~t, the 1J1ecif'ic horisontRl perrn~tnt .on of the o1pher 
REF ID:A272912 

wheel I u;pon the shu.rt, 'l!le:t b, the order ot the wheels traa lttfi to 

rtch11 or right to lef' between the ataUonar1 4111k1 .lllW!lt be indica1ie4. 

la.oh cipher wheel cMnl!I i stP of two rinfl:'I ot' 26 eontaots, one ring on 

the o'bYttTMe far.e, 'the oti~nr on tho rawree tR.ce1 1ihc oontaci• ot tiJll 

obwree .f.'r,ce are couacoted, bJ ineulPLted conduotora )>a•aing thrr>\16h 

the wheel, to "those t>f "ha rewrH taoe in an en"ti rely rancloll llRZU181'. 

The cipher wheel• bear 1dentit°71118' 4ea1gnat1ons and are 1n1ierohai1&9-

abl• aa rof:A.rde the order in which they 'fl&:! be 1neerte4 in1io their posit10DI 

U'POn the shaft, 1tnd it i~ ·uP.wt.l 't.o ~ree upon ft ke~ whioh tncHaate• that 

order. l'or exa.'flple, in " c171>to~rq>h ~omrtr:;r.ted for ti ve cipher wheel•, 

the ke7 4--1-S-?.•6 l'llR)' llP.ft.D 'hft." cipher wheel n'\llllber 4 ie placed in i;he 

tir111I posHion neYti +.o t·:ie luf't et11tionp,ry di.Pk, n1pher whS?el nur1bnr l, 

in the P. r.o:~d -po ~i. U on, nnd Po cm. 'l'he c 1-phor w·1oel • r.IRZ' be in 11flr'84 on 

the •hBft 1n a right •id• up or up e!de down poet•1on. Since the •ir1ns• 

wtthln the re8)>ectiw wheels are different, it 1• nbTioua tllAt e1t.cb ot th9 

10:x8x&x4.x2 or ~i840 ditterent permu:tn:ttona ot ~he t'i'18 wheel• are R.ft11a1'1e. 

Each tmnn perm.utn.tion \fill prod~tee d1fteren't cipher nwlt• trom eYel'J other 

penntatlon baoai•• 'the oompleta path throur.h the whole Ht of whMll le 

••tabliehed lQ' the Juztapoaltlon or ti"Te •ep.u-Ate patha, one in 81\nh wheel, 

'the aaquence or arrn:'.lf'UMent ot the ind 1 vi dual oiphe · •••••l • 11non the •haft 

will hereafter be cal ted t·ia P•!rr.w:t.atiw key. :.irue aeoond )>IU"t of' the k81 

1• ti\8 1peo:ltio alignment ot 1den'Uty1ng nark• on the peripherie• ot 'he 

oip'ber wheels Afte::.· th•J hn'N been inoerted on the Bhaft aocordin« 'tio tlw 

pel'mltati ve key. 'l'he pertpher' ot each wheel bear• a •riea c1 26 14ent1• 

t7lng ChM'RCtera corresponding to tha 26 etoppint~ pod Uona of ·' !1ft w:beel 

as 1t i' displn.ced b;y ro~ntion on the ahatt. The 1nitiRl rotator7 poBitiona 

of t.-e fi'fe o'lphar w:1eeh re!n.t!Te "to one another 'lr.d to the etn.tionA.ey 
REF ID:A272912 

end dilk!'!, "" d.e•i;.;nn:ted bJ 'the borisontal ffquenoe ot the ictentlfJi.nC 

charawtare on the t.r lJ8rivher la• a1 11.1 tencm 011 a ''bttnch tUU"k.' on 1:he 

eml Cli•k•• will llereanel" 'be aa.llecl tlle rotatory ke;.·. In cryp'toO'ftpb• 

of the t1Jt19 under conatderatton the ptJnm.tati ve key renut.11111 fixed, r..11 a 

rule, thr ~out 'ihe eno tphement ot a Z'J•••- o.r a Hrlea or ••-.ge•1 

the t.ni"" fttl rotr..t;1··~1 \:'o~,. usu.~lly ift~• ft-,)?.J ~nt!Yt'll.f~• ~t:> :"l(HUH~· 

wheel• of tim '\Jl>8 retr:~rred to abovft1 an4 arrRJ111.94 a• 1n41.nn.\a4, llltan• 

an emboctiecl •lthin 'he cr;tPtograph tor au1i0Afl.Ucal~ changing 'the rota'i017 

poet Uune o! the cipher wheels clurlnr, the cour• of ttl\Clph1:1rln« or d.ea!phertng a rsa&aAf"e1 '\l')ttH nea.rie are alw,v• ot euch a nature n.a '\o 111\lm ·U•• 

ohance• ot a def1n1 w ltJlcl p'9de..,,.,l"lllined. oharn.ctar. For •_.la. 1n Hebeme 

u.::~. ~a.tent .'Jo. l.68S1 0'121 t~i~ ttxert c)1l'.%'1'C't1tr or the wcceeotvo rr>ta.tor,y mow-

•rat• of the oipher •h•l• 1• UJ>lAined. in quite a 1etn.iled Mt11nner, a.ncl "1MI 

ta• 1• 'l"\18 a11 l'dr'Rl"d• 8111111.N" ar,p'lot,"l'RPhl llr(;dur.ftd abrolM'l. i;'lul progn .. 

ef.on of the o1phcar ,~·:·11~~~}1!! in 'ihePe <uv1t1r.i ir. ~t;::·,·1a.r to 'thtlt of i:idiea'i1SW 

1\\8._er~ •l!" ommtlr1;·· t~r.l'umttt.·1!11, ·-htoh "·r• 'b1udonU1 rnnulnr. or periodic in 

'tht!b' action. !'hi• r*t~U.nri·r,~ t>r l>~r.lorU.cf.'t;t etf :l1.~Unn prodl»•• pntdt.cta.111• 

relatlonsbip• beWePn 11110 plR-ln-'tiex\ c··,,,_·-n.cte.re Md tho ~i!'her nl:.ftr"°t•n tor 

MW g1'Yftn initial roU.tor1 k<JY• ';!h,11, shcmld t!1ff dr:.rptotTa]lh ru-W. <~ipher me .. 

ta."e" tdl i:;:~o ti1H ',innt'.- I'! o:· <rlft.lfthorlned partie11, the lft.ti;e~- na11. ple.oe '\h• .. 

eel Yfll in .... ,,ni:: l +.ton t<> daair.hHr t~ r:lQl!m¥,'e• ln.rgt~l7 a.1: a r~lllll t of "he pre4e~ernained tV1.tu1·e ilt' th~ l'·.c~or.·11tw roiA.tor3 ditrn.laoer:i;lr:\e of '\he oi:pher wheel•, 

e'fen ~hOU!~h -.he initlff.l lt&11 mll:t no' 'bt1 kn.owJle 

... he basit: ttmt11.:re <'}!a;; inYi!;-ti•1n -_~; t.ht: nl"l.r.:·:a~•;\on L>:' ti.1• 

pracllotable -r~~1:'•)r ii .• ~d ~·Aa prl)v.i~iion ;}f n. .:·.~eohr:1J1lun 1·~,r d.if'lJ1l1Lci11B the cipher 

5 
REF ID:A272912 

wheel• tn an entirel7 lrre8'\llar, aperiodic 11NUWr. fti• 1• accoftPl111he4 lo' 

. •an• of the wheal-•'41J>J>1n« aechani•• ehown a• at 4, anrt operl\184 bL '\b8 

present eittodime~i' 07 1ndi'f1dual 11116"•'\• which an ct<m~rolla4 'bJ 'he •incl• 

tape iran•Jllt'\er I ot Pi4J. 1, or )J wo or aore ape tranlal,'8ra a1 mbown 

in FiC8• 2 and 3. In \his 4eaoription :t ahow a C17P,ograph with a ••t: ot 

th• ro\a'\a•l• olpar •h•l• an4 a t:ran-.S.,\er u.•inc a -plural 111lit: oode llaee4 

upon t:he penm.ta40dcm1 ot two •lttAen'\a t:hrougb fl.,. poa1 'Uona, lnl' 1 t: 1• o'bTi•• '$hAt the in•an· ion 11 "-PJ>lioabla to a orntograph u11nir a fewer or a 

'greater :m111lber of cipher wheel• and a pl'IU'&l-unit node of a 41tt•rent t:11>1 

than the well-kaawn laudot f1...-ua1t co4e. 

'J!ape ilranaaitt:er a in flg. 1 1• ot the ,,,. .. 11 ldlawn in print111C telegrfl-ph,y, bn~ only one ot the l.lsual two lMe 'btu-1 an oonneote4 to 

O'ID'Nnt eouroe 1n Wll• caM. !be 'raaa111\er 1• operated b1 a tR.pe lNtarin« 

a Mrle• ot perton,tfon• per9l'Md. in aooordanoe wUh tba l!a11dot code. !ha 

perforatio:nw \n tie tape control the aetion of the fi w conV.ct: Mrtber• 6-10, 

which, in t11m, th?'0\18'h the circuit including power 110uroe 33, and cnnduo,or• 

11 '\o 12, tnolus1w control '\he aa:Uon of 'be ttft ~'*•• 11, 12, US, 14, 

16, ae a Mt of elaman'• operable 1n a JNJZ'llUta\l'ftl mnner, a• w1ll 'be lfhawn 

•ultMctuenU7 • 

'1'ha macnet• ll to 11, wi.th tha1r aseoaiaied B't•PJ>lnF •chanimr11, 

whicb *'wY be ot the ra'\ol\et an4 pawl '\1])8, oont:rol, pentU.'\Ati"Nly, the dl .. 

plaoeraen•, ln •'•J>-W1H Mnner, ot 1ihe lnd1'91dual cipher •ieel• 16 io 20, 

&A4 'n• oanUnuouel7 'fa'q, in u lrregv.l.ar, aper1o41o ..nner, tlw l'Ota,or1 

poa1Uona of th• fi"Y• e1Jher whHl• 1n enolphe?Mni or d.ecipheraant. a 11 

&aimed natura.117 'hA' cornqondent• 11U.st be equ1ppa4 •1 ti1 • tailu oeyptograph• e.nd 91a1lnr cipher wheel•, wire4 1darrUaall;y, and 'bat 'he cornspondenta are pro•lded w1'h 1den'Uoal kq '\A.pea tor con-trolling the llO'Yaaent'• 

6 

·' 
REF ID:A272912 

ot ~he cipher wheel•• The exact initial perr.nitatl'fe and rota1iory te7 

and. ihe lnlUal point or ac'\ion of 1i1Mf. ke1 1iape 11\ls\ alao lie '\he --

'between oorraBJ>Ond.eni11, and can be prede,era1nad. bJ acreement. 

'A."he f;-.1rki11C srrR!'lf,.l"ftnf!nii lllfl.1" .,. mJCh tlv1. t nn ti1e b8ck stroke 

of N17 kti1 of the keyboard, a. contact 34,. cuntrolled b1 a unl-.ereal "tar 

on °'he ke)'board le olo1ed, and the circu.i t,; fr(h power enurce SB, tor 

opera"'ing the t"pe PW:p-torwnrd. J1¥11e1i 16,, ie olo1ed. '?he m:d charactar 

ou ~}1e t~pe ia brought i!1to pla;), the oipher-wb.eel MflgnetB1 11 "o 111 are 

operate4 A.."'ld 1ille ciphrlr wheel 1 n:r.• BP.ii to ~!. new position for the encipher-

••' (or dooipherriaent i ot 1ihe next character ot 'ihe M••"P• 

fJ.'he enol})heri:nc-decipherlng clrcui '\a w Ul now be eat forth ln 

4etail. Lat us a11rau.-. thAt the Orn>tograph 11 to eMiphar a M81•1119• A 

ni teh control nochanit'll 6!5, oarr;:iJ'lf~ P BAT foe o·f 52 mo'Yftnble oontaot 

•r~bera l;':llll11Rr to the four shown at 37, 37', 18 and S81 , all 1R01m'ted 

on the sr;..r.\9 bn.:,:e, ii!'! Be't to "enc1pher111f!"' • Thi• bring• oan-t;aot nMna'ber 

:57 aga.tni;t oont4'.ot 40, contao11 1HBt\Mlr 17' agAinst con~.ac' 42, contaot 

11em'ber :'8 84;nt11·!t cm1t1tc1i 44, A.mt aon'tac' rlle: 1bnr 38' ~ .. n1.;;st c•.mt8.o" 48. 

Sup1>0se lcay "A" on the ke;,rboard. 1• clepreased. A current trom power aouroe 

46 tlowe B-long o<>n.dii"tora 471 48, through cloeed oontA.Ot 491 a o.nduotor 41, 

con'tact member S7', oontaot 42 1 to 51, which iF. 0110 of' t·;ie 0'1ntM'ti• on 

the contao"tf' on ~be left-end tixed diek; the current then cunt.1111lwa a.lung 

a • lpac pn.th through tho ctpher wheele, el'18rg:Lne n:t 52, which 1• one ot 

the oontaot• on the right-end fixed dlak, thence along oond.uotor e:~, contact "• oont~ct member 38, condiictor 41, '\hrough lamp or 1n4ioe.tor''Y'' 1 

conductor !4, baok to the other pole ot power source 46. Lamp or 1n41aator ttytt b erwrgised and the aipher equl•lent of ''A" is "T", tor 

the particular ••"\UZJ6 ot the cipher wheele ehmrn in the figure. For 

7 
REF ID:A272912 

a tUtfaren'\ ee'ttt~ ot the cipher wheel1, depre11aian ot "A" wc.luld ;rlel4 

tome other letter. I! t,ho 1.Ltpl1er ']1\1eeh t:.ra d11'J>laaed eaoh '1• k•J .. A.' 

1 .. •!e'Prftel!le•'• -the :-.:nt!f!9t>l'We ,.,\phffr eci.u.l'Valen't• will be ca.uen.ll;r d.tf'-

terent, and will 'f'Lr.;r in n oample'tel.7 aptJrtudio manner ftO lontr aa th9 

d1Qlao9llltL~a ot "he cipher wheels are npu:riou:r., il.:' ~wuld be tltc caae 

in l'1 lnTGntion wi t:1 R ko;; tq>e oonsi P.".~111' ot a rnndom •q,unoe ot lJaudot 

pwrtorationr.. '.~ha arranger.tent at the ke,JbOll\rd ta B\IOh that on the rel··•• 

ot ~ key a uni wraal 'b6r clone the oircui t tor opera.ting '\he tR.)MI 

•'t•ppinB' mechanism a.a aplatned abow, 't;hwl caumlng tbe parUcular 

:Baudo'\ character '\hen at the ke7•'\a))e '\ra.n111i t'\er to aotua'M the ti w 

mcnet• 11 to 11;, and thWt •'t up a new rotatol')' ar~~nt of tlMI 

oipher wheel• 16 to 20. 

l.et u.1 no" re"ferea '\he operation Md decipher. In "hi• oa.ae 

the control de vine 66 tor bri.nr 1nr -:b€! nr;;p-i.o. raph to thtt rlHc ipherlJW 

cond.1 Uon 18 ee't eo a.s '\o bring oon"ac't me1:'.lbel' 3'1 ft8&inst oon-.Ct 55, 

oontac'\ 1raember 37' ftf~ina\ c1mtac\ 66, oon\a.ot me1-llber 38 "Bl'inet contact 

f7, And cimtnct nthber :5A' agn.iJ1et contact 68. '!'ha cipher wheels lb-20 

are Bsan.i'lHd to be at elrAc'!'.ly -tl1e SRll9 ro1iatory pol!!ition the~· were in 

when "A'' WaPI enaiph~red n.nd prmhced cipher ''T''• !faw cleprea1 ke7 ''Y" 

on the k..e;,board. A current trnm )>ower anUJ'Oe " flows 11lnnt":" com1uc'\ors f.7, 

159, closed contact 60 at "Y", conductor .61, contact maBber aa•, contact Bl, 

conductor 62, contact 44., CC>nduatnr 63, contact 152, thence through 'the 

a~pher wheels, 8Mrg111r at oon'\ROt 61, thence alotl6' oolld.uotor eo, contact 

42, conductor 63, oontaot &&, contno1i Qnber 37, comhtl'\or 39, 'ihenise 

thrll·:r.rh ·farO\~~h 10.:11> or tndtrmto r "A", cond11ctora M, 5f. back to the obi' 

!>Ole or rmwer ~fntrce 46. 'l"hue llUIP or lndicn.'\or "A" 111 aotuaWcl and alphel' 

nytt reprod;1ae• plain text nA" • 

8 
-

··~·.:· . 

-- -- -------------

REF ID :A27291-·2 

'l'be reclprocn.l rel11.tion•hip between R.11 t.hP. pl"in 1iext and cipher 

leUere is anaor11J1l11bed tn the "'118 •'91 onlJ' tour of the 62 co~·itact 

!'ll9!:10ere •hown at ~'1, 37' 1 38 NUl 88' are lndi~a'ted in the drurtng, bu.t "ha7 

are till mounted upon one baM 1U1d are moTed 1.nto 1ibelr enciphering or uc ipher1n.: posi tlon by the •11181• control 65 which JaDW• thea a• a set to 

1ih~ rlt~ht or to the left tor encipberlag or 4eoipharing1 rempeot1w11 • 

All 2ti 'QP91' right-band 0011'\an'\1 on this llO'fta'bla pl•'te, •1111lar to tho• 

at 40 and. 44, are wired -t;o thP. 26 oont3.Ctl on '\hf' rif!'h'\-end f:bce4 diet; 

at 42 atld ·•6, n.re wired ._, the 16 oontaote on ~be lert-end fixed dlak. 

'!hi 1 arrft.nt':et·1~?nt tor et1·ecu.ng reciproci t7 in .,nciph£r1ng and. deciphering 

11, bowe'Yer, not a pArt. of -rv 1nTention. 1l'his nothod l\ll(i il'tber8 tor '!LCot 'lf3 lnnn·uon will now be shown aDd -.111 'be taken up 1n41Ti4•117• 

F1r•t1 let U8 aalna9 tha.'\ tile ]>en4U'\&1il ft keJ ot cipher Wht!al• 

and the ke;'!' 'ape r1111ain:· the 881118 tor a eeries of 118HftBOll• '!he ke)' tape 

-., be s'\,,,r'\ed a~ the 111.\Me lniU"l point tor all IL'l881tApl or at different 

lnit1Al point• tor 41fteren' ae••ft89•• A•l'llllllng th& former oaee, diYaraitJ' 

of aipher rawl -4;·RJ1tr, for idan"Ucal Pl"1n-,ex1' •HA •• _, be "brought about 

b7 diftftrent ini'URl rotatoq pollJltt~n• ot ihe ttw aipher wheel•• Por •-

ample, " l'lltl•~ece 'bllginr1lng "1rooee4 at once" , enoipben4 wt th the 1n1 tlal. 

rotatory ~•1 "11h1te"1 will 7ield a 41ttarent cipher tits' flta11 1ihat ano1phera4 wi'h tbe 1nl~1al rotatory key ''Write" • !bu•• •1nc• there are 

a'Tall&,le1 with a ~of tlw. oipbe wheal•, at;5 different initial rotator7 Jee~•. the pownt1alit1•• ot tile crntOfrl"'pb lD 'hi• N8)Ntat are 

ap-parent. 

·' 

• 

' '• 
REF ID:A272912 

·;;;>u aseuz119 thR.t ,,:!\,, ke~ ~"pe ilJ in the tom ot a. con~1nu.011s ring rtnd. 

caza be etR.rted A.t different initial point a. A J~ORFt;, -f: enciphe:red with the 

8&Jl8 1n1t1"1 rotatory lea:- can be enciphered in a• n~ dlttol'ent fonlll a• 

there rt.r., ch ... r!'\otere on "the Jee;.: tRP91 it it 1P. 1() 111 000 unite in lerlgth, 

l0,000 wr•ion• ot the same mffHft8'9 can be 'Produced by starUng each .,. ... 

91168 at a d1tf'1~r1mt !ni t:ta.l point on "he '\ape. 

l1i goe• •1 tbout e~ing thn.t 'bJ" using l!lfl1IY ditterent tape•, and amuwlng "the pernsu ta 1ii.,. ke~ ot the c tpher wheel• on the llhRtt, 'the ceyptograpb 

•ill atford N'l almoa'\ 11111.1 tl •• d1 "8!'11 'Q' ot oeyptogm.1>hia re11ul ta. 

All t;:e "!'oregoinf!;' mrl,~tions nr'~ Hntirel:.- n.periodio in c1~n.rncter, 80 

that no c~cl1o plulnoaena auch &@ are u1t1d in the analyeia of the UllU&l 't1JJ8~ 

ot automn:Ua cr~'\ograph1 art' &'ta.11Abla for aolvt~ 1'!l" ••ace• produaed b7 

the cr:a1to1,-1.rph ot my inverrtion. 

:-'lg. 2 19imwe two t~1po-trnn1?1,1 t'!';ere, f. 'l.!ld r;•, jointl7 controll inf( t:he 

IA&t!nets 11 t<~ lf, \'1,1.ich n.re ido1~tir,1~1 w.i.th d~'lilnrl1 da1ip1nt.ed ;:lft6118t• ot 

Pig. 1. In this arranr.ei-aent twr> different o1pher-key tnpoe in the form ot 

oontinu011e rt:n;:~ go~ern the o~er~~ion or ine tR'PB tranlftllttor~. The '9.pt 

paH1;ig throw:h tranllDlUter !S brings the aet of con·,ao• 1'1181ll°bftra t>, 7, 8, 91 

and 10 Bt;t'inst bua bar 66 or bu.1 'oRr 67 in r~ l>c: rr.1;. '•a ti Te l!IRllner a 1i111lar17, 

the "tn.pe paHi:ng "throu«h trRn8111t"ter 6' brlns• the Ht ot contR.ct member• 

6', 7', 81 9 91 1 Rnd. 101 A<1'iDP.t bue bar 661 or l:nlP bar 671 in~ pernmtat1WI 

manr..er. ''.'bti cirnui te are F'.&eh ·qmt onl;· ltn•~n homolo.i·m1~ cow,a.c"t lllB:'nber• are 

in aont11,ct wi t.h OJJPOl!!i te 1J11r barB wUl i!tlrr .. nt no•:: f!"<>m power 1ource :1S 

thro•..iBb the MRl~n,rt controllt!d lJ7 '\hh pair or bOlllolofrOU• contact members. 

The tape etepp1J16 1:mo1ete 36 fl.nd 3·.-• n.re c:ontr~>lled by a 001;tnct opHn.ted 

bJ the uni"f8r8nl bar of the keyboard. 

-10-
REF ID:A272912 

tranf'lMitt~r:' :!.~ to 1n·ov~de o. ver;·' lohg res11ltnnt, or second.nry cipher 

key by the interaction ot two relatively short, primary ke111. !"or 

example, INP1'088 a circular -.ape containing 1000 che.ractar11 1• patHJed 

chnractars is pnesed th:·ollf,'b tape trflllenitter 5'. It the two tape• are 

• · arted at given in.i tia.l points imd a.re r:iovHd torwurd synchronously b7 

single r.it~1pe, then theRe aNne initial points will not age.in present theln• 

eel -.ee vimil taneouel1 to the contact pint until a totnl of 999,000 steps 

have been mnde. Thu.e, two key tapes or 1000 and 999 ohn:rac·er• produce 

three tapea 10011 1000, nnd 999 chA.rA.Ctera in lan~h will T,ro<hloe by interaction a resultant ke;, o! 9991 9991 000 cha.r~owrs. r·ig. 3 shows how 1iliree 

ctpher-ke1 tape 'ran11m1tters wo1~ld be intorconl'lectad to brine thh a.bout. 

13' 1

.i'ranemittera 5 and 5' interact to control rel&.18 11', 12',/14', Md is•. 

ha &!'!"lf\turee &", 7", 8'', 9'', l'l.nd 10", ot the 1•-1'\er r&la:ve act in the same 

manner &5 do the contl-l.Ct members 6 to 10 tuid 6' to 10' of the t"pe trme-

'1'he intar~nti.~n of the nl"nl!l.1n.trea 6" to 

control• the o'J')ern ':;on of nn,•1wts 11 to lf., which aerw the rlu\ct.ion in• 

r!ll\6'J1ot" 36., 3t)' nnd 36 •• a.re all in the seme Oil"Cui t controlled by the uni-

.,era'\l 1>n.r of '\ha keyboard, eo th~t all throe t~e• A.re nao'fud e;vnchronouel7. 

11 
REF ID:A272912 

21;i• an extension ot th1• -.nner. ot interconnect in(" 'a:pe tranmt ·Her1 

and rela.:;e, it ie poHible to haYe a •' of four, five, or ,,ore tape tran.emitter• all interacting to control oollecUveq ···he rmgnnt• or the cipherwheal etepping mecbanimm1. 

It 11 one of the no'\able te,.ture1 or :n:J 1nwntion that whiln er~plo1-

inc A.11 the p~rmu.tn.tlone ot the Ba.u4ot cod.ti, Z2 in mJMbar, as ke)'il'lft character•, t!11! flrv·.l cryptot•r.r...n i.~ c!Or'l!lO!'.etl of' mil;: the utmnl 26 lett,fira ot the 

ord tw~r~ !llr>hn.i:'let. '·~he !!ix extrs !?ffl'!1n.Li:.1~tions ( <:ilo1e other than tlie onae 

re-pre~en'\1rig the 2c', lett••re of' the alphabet i, which, in 11y1+.an1 Ullins the 

laud.ot oode ae 11. ba.!!111 tor a cipher key, .cemee mnoh diffic,11 tr, oi ther 1n 

their el1m11\l\Uon by r.,1tomlltW meM•I or i.f the la.ttttr ta not poeeible, in 

their representRUon in w-ri·hen ch1t.raotera ~u.Yi!ig s'\t1.111!t;rd equivalents ln 

the JlorRtt code, bn.w 'boen automatic"'-11,- el1m1»1.•.ted tron the al"ypto(~"11• 

•!nee all the J1t.u4ot permlt~ ttnne b.11.Ye 'bi~•:."l excluded. troa direot 1J1";eraotton 

With 'the r.1881J"ft8 a11ar*'tera in ntf •.; P"•• 

11 
-,