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> REF ID:A711-39 May 9, 1941. 

COPY 

SECRE-r 

MILITARY CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVERTER 

FOR USE ON ELECTRICAL PRINTER CIRCUITS. 

l. The converter should be designed for the purpose or automatic 

enciphermen t and decipherment of messages transmitted by teletype or 

Bl.J?ll.lar printing telegraph apparatus based upon a multiple-impulse-code 

such as the Baudot. 

2. It should be designed so as to encipher the signals established 

either by tape or keyboard operation, causing enciphered text to be 

transmitted instead or the plun text represented on the tape or set 

up on the keyboard. At the receiving end the apparatus should decipher 

the received cipher signals, convertl.Ilg the cipher text into plain text 

before the signals are fed into the prl.Ilter, or into the perforator in 

the case or tape operation. In other words, encipherment, transmission, 

reception, and decipherment are to be accomplished in a single step 

rather 'th.an in two separate steps at each end. 

3. The converter should use as its cryptographic principle a 

non-repeating keying sequence of multiple-impulse characters, the 

latter to interact nth the plain-text signals according to the rule 

that "like signs produce spacing current, unlike signs produce marking 

current. 11 (The latter principle is well known in the art.) 

4. The keying sequence mentioned in Par. 3 should be produced by 

a plurality or electrical cryptographic rotors in cascade, through 

which l.Dlpulses are sent and recombined in a manner so as to produce 

the equivalent of a random sequence of characters according to the 

multiple-impulse-code used by the transmitter. (If teletype, the 

characters mll be 32 in number and should be in random order.) The 

number of rotors in cascade should be at least three and preferably 

five. 

5. The rotors mentioned in Par. 4 may be identical 111 th those 

now used in Converter M-134-C. Mechanism should be provided to cause 

meter-like stepping or these rotors, at least one being displaced 

angularly for each character to be enciphered and tranami tted. The 

order of stepping of the entire set of rotors, however, should be capable 

of being varied so that the complete set of factorial n motions may 

be available for use, .!! being the number of rotors in cascade. 

6. The converter should be motor-operated from the same power 

source as that employed for the telegraph printer. It should, however, 

be designed to function as a separate unit and not as an integral part 

of the printer itself, so that either normal plain-text operation or 

cryptographic operation of the printer circuit can be efiected at will. 

The converter should be capable of beine; electrica1ly connected or 

·-
REF ID:A71739 

SEGRE! 

associated with the tape (or keyboard transmitter) and with the 

printer by means or a suitable plug and jack or multiple plug arrangement, so that it may be readily connected or disconnected f'rom 

operation. 

7. The converter should be of approximately the follonng 

dimensions 12"x8"x8", and its weight should not exceed 50 lbs. 

Enclosure Ill 

GECRET 
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..... REF ID:A71739 

• RE1 1pplioat1on tor Patent ot 

WtfJ,tA,11 P~ tJllEDIAlf 8JJd * nmr ff. RO~ 

* Seria1 •umber JS! v!alon tr;O 

443,320 * 

f !W 

16 183' 1942 * 

• 

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- ctt!PTOGRA.PHXO S!SfEll * 

iJ.A.A.L - ?--I~ /t/r.a 

* '* * * • * * * * • 

!he Honorable Commieaio:ner ~ Patents 

Washington 25, D. c-. 

Sirs 

Thia is in response to Patent 0.f'fice action ot 21 July 1950 in the 

above•1dentU'led application tor patent which !a being proaecute4 

under the so-called thl-ee-7ear ru1e. Pl.ease amen4 the case aa 

tollowa1 

II THE SF!CitIOlTIOR 

Page 4, following the amendment ot 

24 October 1949 1n line 19 ... Xnsert the following - The \ 

'itationar;y end plates 15 alld 21, it should be understood, 

are analagous to the end plates 20 and 21 ot BgQ@rA am ==,.~ 

the end 1071:!.nders" 4 and 5 ot ~. The actuators 22-26 

(or this application) are eim1larl1 analapua to ~ 

't:bi&ers 11 72a•72e or Bob8r; and the •piWla" 42 ot IAm• 

Actuators 22•26 ore, in tact, electromagneticall)'-operated - ..... pwoa .... 

pa;r!a aithoUgh lunctlona.111' the7 DlaJ' be oonaidered- to be ...... ~'t. 

giara, calBS, pistons, or aey or various other devlcea, 

~ii'Ot.Qd to 1.h.b- :reapeot1w wheels b1' appropr~te .. ll~.P-~ 

(as indicated 'b1 the dotted llnea in the draw1Dga).... ~ 

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Please cancel Claims ll and 12. 

The apec1£1cation has been amended to point out the manner in whioh 

the several parts or the Applicants' structure cooperate with each 

othe~. Since the perts or the present case are ~ -1"!-~1'!~ ~~sped.tic 

t1ement$ shown and deoorlbed in the patents to ne'iiii and ~t it !a 

bel1QVed that the stx-ucture and operation ot the prese~t ~a~e should be 

olearl, understood. 

Reoons1dera.~1Qn 1f1 l'equeated, fn view or the_-i:rresent ~~~t.t ot the 

~U!renlent tor additlonai :f.iiU&tration. lo turth!~ !!,.1~~!.tJ~n seem~ . to be neeeswr, an.di- it the reqrdrement _is to be rePe-ted.1 !ppiioants 

WbflJd appreciate more specf:tie directions· therefor. 

With the caneeliat1on of Claims 11 and 12, the cl.aims remalnfng in the 

ease are 21 .3, 4, 5, 6, and 9, all of which have been rejected onl,y on .,,.JllE .... ~ .---

the grounds or insutticient dil!lclosm-e. lfi th the present amendment' the 

disclosure appears to be complete, and allowance of the claims is, 

therefore, requested. 

Respeottuliy, 

rittn_11 1, rimnw ~ 1RAn B. ROWLETT 1 ApplloantB 

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REF ID:A71739 

IR THE URi".rED STATES P!TEHT OFFICE 

* REI Application tor Patent or 

"1J.!._IU_ 7,._ l'RIEPIWI and ... J'RANX :P., ROWIJ.:T'l 

• 

Sor:lal Number Dirision 16 

W,32> * 

* •&NpUENT nirlq 1942 ... Far 

1~ ,.cf dd"/~Y? 

CRYPTOGRAPHIC SIS'l'EllS * 

* * * * * * * .. • * 

The Honorable Commiasioner ot Patents 

Washington 25, D. c. 

Sirs 

Thia is in responae to Patent Office action ot 24 ~~~ _'=.9!6 ~ 

the above-1dent1tied appllcatim tor patent which 111 being 

prosecuted under the so-called tbree-7ear rule. Please amend 

the case aa f'ollona 

IN THE SPECIFICATION 

Page 2, line 25 • Change •tro" to - two - • 

Page 3, line lS - Cancel "and" and insert - are - • 

Page 4, line 12 .. Challge n1sn to-JS•• - • 

l2 - Change "andn to - end .. • 

19 - Before "iMn iJJsert - The manner 1n which the 

end p4te teeds the Cl7Ptogr&pbic m•e-,lld repre-

- - - -- .. --- ~-........ --.. - aentatiw means tor providing eubetantiall¥ un-

-1-
IN THE CLAIMS 

Claim l 

• REF ID:A7173 • 

'1MY both be found in prior art, see, tor example, 

Hebern9 1,683,072, and .12,m, 1,733,886. - • 

- Cancel. 

Claim 3, line 7 •Cancel na plurality of output wires at least one ot 

which is connectedtt. 

8 .. Cancel "to a plurality or output terminals" and 

insert .. means tor electrically connecting together 

said output segments in groups thus ertectiveJ.1' 

d1111jnish1ng the number of output contacts, and an 

output wire connected to each of said groups - • 

Claim 4, line 6 - Before "groups" insert - electrically connected - • 

Claim 5, line 9 - Before nopening" insert - substantial~ unpredictably - • 

Claim 6, line 8 - Before 0 commutation" insert - substantial]¥ 

unpredictable - • 

Claim 7 • Cancel. 

Claim 9, line 10- After ttaegments" insert - 8lJ7 one of which outpUt 

segments may according to o. substantially unpredictable 

rule ettectuate and stop the atorementioned current 

flow - • 

The specification bas been amended in minor particulars (to correct 

typographical errors, etc.). On page 4, line 12, "18" baa been changed 

to 1§! because of a duplication or reference characters. The Chiet 
I\ 

\ 

I 

REF ID:A71739 

Draftsman will be reqmsted to make the necessary cbarlp on the 

The apeo1tication, on page 4, has been clarified 'h1' reference to the 

patents ot !ebern, 1,683.072, and IQm, 1,733,886. The tanct1on of 

elements 22 'librough 26 na expl•1nect to 8Cllle ~nt, ill the ortpna1 

ape61ticat:i..on on page 6, 11nea 21 and 22. 

It 111 aasmned. that, in view ot the above-mentioned amendments to 'the 

apec1ficat1on,, the rejection or the claims on the ground ot 1nadequata 

dieclosu:re will not be pressed. 

Clda 1 baa been cancelled. 

Cla1a 2 was not rejected on :references and, therefore, ia belined to 

be allowable. 

ClaiJls ) and 4 haw been uended to require with more ar leas 11pec1t1cit7 

that the output contacts of the ke)"ing generator are strapped together 1n 

81"0UPS, it following, of COm'Se, that there are f'ewer output contaota 

than input contacts. Thia thought is lliaaing trom the references and 

pea maoh be10JJ4 a •pure •tter t4 choice" as was claiaed 1n the ottic1al 

letter or~ Bovember 1942, as tbe device produces a lce71ng aequenoe dit• 

t':lcult or solution ta:r out ot proportion to the apparent magnitude ot the 

change. 

Cla111 S bu been amended to def'ine a structure wherein certain of the 

•witches are open and closed in aubetantiall;r unpredictable order. In 

~' Ii IJ.., 1,9121983, the order can easil.y be calculated f'rOlll the 

cama, whereas 1n .A.ppllcants• arrangement the closing ot a COJllPU'&ble 

.. 

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Ritch 1a dependent not cm.1,y upon• complex electrical mase but alao 

upon 1ibe pres11!Dg ot aae ot bp 10. U, 12, etc._ with.,. the 

OJmator hav!ng no Wea when a Jav' 18 ;rreased 'llb1oh nitch or nitcbu 

w1ll be attected. 1'be .... remarb app1" to Clda 6, re1eoted •• 

fUl.11' mt ..,,. AJm, a .i. 

Clabl 7 bas bem oancell.ed. 

Claim 9 has been ""'9nded to ibclude ~ ccmaept ot aotuating a particular 

awitch by 8JJ1' ane ot the output aignale according to Ill unpredicte.ble 

rule mt, tbua, d1tterent1atea f'l'm Am. 11 ll·, u4 JllbRa• 

Xt appears that the reject!m ot Cla!ma 10 ud 11 .. 118U.t to aPP11' to 

Ola:lma 11 and l2 einae Clala 10 alrea47 bu 'been cancelled. Vined in 

th18 ligbt, it ia requested that the rejeotion be recamidered u Alm, 

1111., rJ•m. 1,426,669, anct rvktr. 1,w,s19, rau ccapletel.1 to •bow 

that Utl' b71Dg aequenoe, cmce 1n1t!ated, le enc1pbend befoioe w • .._ 

OOIUl1derat1on 1e requeated alao ot the rejeotion ot CW. 10 (pro'bab'.b' 

Clda 11) ~ !ndethd:tene•1 it aamiot ta!.rl.T be 8d.d 'that •providiJlg a 

bJ1ng sequence• mq be pal'el1° mental 1t the reault thereof' Sa capable 

ot ~ treatment u called ft# bJ' the cla111. 

JleapecVUJl.r, 

WILLI.All r. l'RD'DMllf amt mn s. .m>mft, 

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-REF, .ID : A(.173~ 

) JU.Cb 191'9 

llao tor J)eput7 Ch!e.t, .Arrq hcur1ty Agency 

IU&J'EC'.r a Return of ~P81"• in re Patent Application lerial Bo, "'''20. ' la. ) ... ' L 

j y r": 1. !he acccmrpe.nying tile of 4ocuments, all in ~~ 

cmmection vith Pa.tent Ap_plication Ber1&1 Bo. ~,....,;~ 

,,., under study Vtien I veni Oh ale'JC leavi mst XUgu.a~ 

ud it rom&1ned 1n .,- basket until neontlr, aw1tine 

attention. 

2. %n accOt'de.noe v!th clirect!on on top rcuting •heot, I q returning tile berw1th, having noted its 

c011tents c&l'e:tully. 

- J. this tni fi'I" 1Ditlatid b7 A tcmal letter 

dated 8 Dee -7 trom. tho undera1sned to 'be Di.Jtector 

of Intelligonce, THRtJ Ch1•t 1 A:z!rrJ:3' Security Agencr. 

-· Xt 1• i-equeated that the oaa• be completed ~ a i-orwil repl7 addroaaed to • 1n reaponao to the 

letter retwred to 1n Patt. 3 abovo, 

Vtlliam ., • hied:raan 

~o= - Z2 

,Jo "'1Llllillia 
REF ID: A71 739 • 

WAR DEPARTMENT 

OFFICE OF THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL 

WASHINGTON 25 D C 

.Mr. Willi8lll F. Friedman. 

1823 Que Street, N. W. 

Washi•gto• 9, D. c. 

Mr. Frank B. Rowlett 

216 So. PershiDg Drive 

Arlington, Virgin.ia 

Geatleme:a s 

..t 5 dUL 1Yll7 

By directio• of The Judge Advocate General, receipt is ackJlowledged 

of your letter to the Secretary ot War dated 6 Ju.e 1947, te•deri:i:ag to 

the Govermnent of the United States for its use, under the proTisions of 

the aot of October 6, 1917, as amended (35 u.s.c. ~2), the J.D.Tentioa 

described and claimed ia your application tor patent, Serial No. ~3,320, 

filed 16 Mll.y 19~2, tor Crytographic Systems. which applicatioa a•d the 

invention coTered thereby were placed J.B. seoreoy by the Coromissio•er of 

Pa.teats o• 16 May 1947. It is noted that your letter ill.eludes a power 

to i•speot aad make copies of the applicatio•. 

The records of this office show that the aboTe-meatioaed application aad the invention covered thereby are ass~gaed to the United States 

Government and were filed under the aot of lla.roh 3, 1883, as ame•ded 

(35 u.s.c. 45). However, the present tender will be made o~ record for 

the protection ot llh.atever 1-terest you may have 1- this i•ventioa. 

Very truly yours, 

wL, / 

GEORGE W. GARDES 

Coloael, JAGD 

Chief, Patents Divisioa 
II 

Secretary or War 

lia1h1ngton 

D. C. 

REF IO-:A71739 

6 June 1947 

Attentions ~he.Judge Advooate General 

A Secrecy Order under Publ..1.o #700, ?6th Congreee, baving recentl1 been eerved upon and acknowledged b1, 

the under•igned in conneot1on vith Patent Application Serial Bumber 443.320. filed 16 11&1 1942, the invention covered by the 1a1d application 1•, in accordance 

with the recommendation contained in the Seorecy Order, 

tendered to the Governautnt ot tbe United States for ita U••· The applioat1on •1 be 1nepected and copies made, 1t dea1red. 

Respecttully youraJ 

VXWlJil P. JfmlS'iilA11 

1823 Que Street, J.Y. 

W••h1ngton 9, D,, O • 

nnx n. 11amn ·- a16 So. Pershing Dr. 

Arlington, Virginia 

- .... -- - IP" .... .,......,..,,_,.,..'E' p-----

- ---~ ...... _....,.._. ....... 

-.- ~'!! ....... 
To the applicant above named or h1s heirs, anii any and all his 

assignees and attorneys or agents 

Enclosed is your copy of a Secrecy Order under Public No 700, 

76th Congress You are required to fill out and personally sign the 

receipt form above and return it to the Commissioner of Patents If 

the acknowledgement is not received w1th.n a reasonable time it will 

be necessary to take other steps to establisn serv1ce of this order 

on you 

E G Haggett Jr 

Patent Office War Division 

Please advise this Office of change of address 
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Serial No 

For 

REF ID: A71 739- - " 

i,,)EPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ~ 

UNITED STATES PATENT-OFFICE 

443, 320 w.islilNG'fP.N 4 

Filed 8.1 l • l9 2 Di vision 

OrJPtographio 871tema 

Applicant 

-tf11liM , • 1'riedman and Frank B. Rowlett r 

U.S.GoYernmen't 

Assignee 

SECRECY ORDER 

16 

NOTICE - To the applicant above named his heirs and any and all his assignees, 

attorneys and agents, nereinafter designated principals 

You are hereby notified that your application as above identified has been found 

to contain subJect matter, the unauthorized disclosure of which might be detrimental 

to the public safety or defense, and you are ordered in nowise to publish or disclose 

the invention or any material information with respect thereto, including hitherto 

unpublished details of the subJect matter of said application, in any way to any person 

not cognizant of the invention prior to the date of the order, including any employee of 

the principals, but to keep the same secret except by written permission first obtained 

of the Commissioner of Patents, under the penalties of the act of October 6, 1917 

(Public No 80), as amended July 1, 1940 (Public No 700) as amended August 21. 1941 

(Public Law 239), and June 16, 1942 (Public Law 609) 35 USC 42, 40 Stat 394, 54 

Stat 710, 55 Stat 657, 540 0 G 233 248 

Any other appl1cation which contains any significant part of the subJect matter 

of the above identified application falls within the scope of this order If such other 

application does not stand under a secrecy order it and the common subJect matter 

should be brought to the attention of the Patent Office War Division 

If prior to the issuance of the secrecy order any significant part of the subJect 

matter has been revealed to any person, the principals shall promptly inform such person 

of the secrecy order and the penalties for improper disclosure set out in Public No 700, 

76th Congress, and Public Law 239, 77th Congress 

This order should not be construed in any way to mean that the Government has 

adopted or contemplates adoption of the alleged invention disclosed in this application, 

nor is it any indication of the value of such invention In order to make the details of 

your invention available for inspection by various governmental agencies concerned 

therewith for consideration of its possible use in the war program and at the same time 

to preserve your rights under the Act, it is suggested that you promptly tender this 

invention to the Government of the United States for its use Such tender may be effected 

by a communication addressed to the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy and 

should be accompanied by a power to inspect and make copies of the application 

This order is modified by the - - --.,.;;;;;;;;: 

. MAY 1o1947 

Aaa1etant 

Af!t:ucg- Commissioner 
, For~ D-3.._m REF ID:A71739 .a 

9:>EPARTMENT OF COMMER~ 

_J 

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Serial No 

For 

Applicant 

•• UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 

Division 

Cr¥J1,ograph1o 87aieaa 

w1111aa F. Friedman an4 rraa'k B. !lowl•'' 

U.S.Go•ernment 

.. PERMIT A 

.. 

16 

MA11m 

MAY 16 1947 

An order of secrecy having been issued in the above-entitled application by the 

Commissioner of Patents, the principals as designated in said order are authorized to 

disclose the subJect matter to any person of the classes hereinafter specified if such 

person is known to the principal d1sclos1ng to be concerned directly in an off1c1al 

capacity with the subJect matter, provided that all reasonable safeguards are taken 

to otherwise protect the invention from unauthorized disclosure The specified 

classes are -

(a) 

(b) 

~ 

• I Any officer or employee of any departmeni:I", independent agency, or bureau 

of the Government of the United States 

Any person designated specifically by the head of any department, 

independent agency or bureau of the Government of the United States, 

or by his duly authorized subordinate, as a proper individual to receive 

the disclosure of the above indicated application for use in the 

prosecution of the war _, The principals under the secrecy order are further authorized to disclose the 

subJect matter of this application to the minimum necessary number of persons of known 

loyalty and discretion, employed by or working with the principals or their licensees 

and whose duties involve cooperation in the development, manufacture or use of the 

subJect matter by or for the Government of the United States, provided such persons are 

advised of the issuance of the secrecy order 

When requested in writing by a responsible official of the United States Government 

known to the party making disclosure to be directly concerned in an official capacity 

with the subJect matter, authorization is further given to disclose the subJect matter 

to accredited representatives of an allied government For the sake of tne record and 

for their protection, the principals should promptly inform the Commissioner of Patents 

of such disclosures together with the names and official designations of the persons to 

whom disclosure is made 

The provisio~s of this permit do not in any way lessen responsibility for the 

security of the subJect matter as imposed by any Government contract or the provisions 

of the existing laws relating to espionage and national security 

A•e1atan• Commissioner 

I 
w1111aa r. rr1e4aan 

)9)2 •tlltarJ 1loa4, B.W. 

wa1h1ngton, D.o. 

~ .. ' 

· ..... , .. ":'e 

wu11aa D. Rall 

o/o ClUet Signal Ott1 .. r 

•u1 t1oa• Bldg. 01t;7 

REF ID: A71 739 e 
\_ ~EADQU~p!5" ~-~~=-~ir-j~s ~ • MEMU t<UUT1NG ::>UP e 

"(O THE F'OLLtiWIN~ - IN ORDt1f"r~dfcATED ' ........... .-.i.."ftc:?~-----~ _._1 - - --=-- rm 

NAME OR TITLE ORG \NIZATION BUILDING A~D ooit.u INITIALS 

w D ,AG 0 rorm. 0115 l October 11144 

DATE 

TU.EPHONE 

This Form supersedes W D A G O '.itormol1~·h~ which may be used until eW.tlng stocb aro e>bsusted ere ' 

... ..,.- Jlii. .J" ~1048-~ QPO 

,,,, ... +d&i*1 ~•""friNP 
l'l'E'AOQUARTERS, ARMY SERVICftffE5J: 

MEMO ROUTING sen:!- D : A 7173 9 

TO THE FOLLOVJ!HG IN ORDER INDICATED : 

NAME OR TITLE ORGANIZATION BUILDING AND ROOM INITIALS 

1 DATE 

2 

3 
.( . 

./ 

1 llAllE OR mu 

ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION 

2 

3 

4 

REMARKS 

FIOll NAME OR TITLE 

,,,. .-

WD ABO FORM 

• ,,,,. ..... 895 

INITIALS 

DATE 

CIRCULATE 

CONCURRENCE 

PILE 

INPDRllATION 

llEeESSARY 

AC'FION 

NOH AND 

RErURN 

811 Ml 

BllilNATURB 

••• L -·-OUllTIM• Ol'PICll 
• ~ ID:A71739 

TOP 5ECR~T SECRET CONFIDB:ii'fIAL RESTRIC'l·~ 

'f'ECHNICAL D r.v IS ION 

AFSA-14 

DATE __________ _ 

~·1 r. .ti"'r1 edman ................... o 

Mr., Rhoads •••.•••.• 6., .......... . 

-··- Dr.. Sanford o ................... . 

- Mr. Douglas ............ o • " ...... ., 

___ LCDR Pendergress •"•••·•••eo•o•• 

_ Dr. .Pettengill • , ••.•..••.. , ...• 

= Mr. Celllmahos , . ., ••. ~·········· Capt Lane ................... · . ., 

( } As oiscuesed 

( ) As requested 

( ) Concurrence or comments 

( ) Inl'ormetion &: forwardlng 

( ) Information & return 

( ) [nlarmetlon & file 

( ) tnfo upon which to ba~e reply 

l ) Hecommendation 

) Signature if approved 

( ) Your action by 

29 Nov 49 

-

-

-
,. 

f 

F 

~' we , W"ill1w:n F. £r1edrna.n apd Frank B, aowJ...tt-- , of 3932 J!ih.tary Poad, N. 'ff. 1 Wa.sh:yarton, D, Q,, a.nd ?308 1I. Madison Street, 

Arhngton, Virpnia., respect1 vely , have inv~mted certain improvements in 

' Cryptoe;raph;1,o Systems .. Si~, Corps Case SC-B-'.Yl8E$ 

for which the undersigned on even date harem th 

executed an application for Letters Patent of the United States; and 1"' .. - ... ,,.. .,._ 

WHEREAS,, the invention was made while the undersigned was in the employ 

of the 1'/ar Department, and pertains to a device useful in the Nationtl Defense,, and 

WHEREAS, The Government of the United States is desirous of acquin.ng 

the entire right, title,, and interest in and to the said invention and in 

and to any patents that may issue thereon. 

NOW, THEREFORE,, in consideration of the pr~nises and one dollar (~1.00), 

the receipt of Yihich is hereby acknowledged, the urrlersigned have sold, assigned, and transferred, and by these presents do hereby sell, assign and 

transfer unto the Government of the United S.tates of America,, as represented 

by the _Secretary of War, the entire right, tit:).e and interest, throughout 

the United States of America, and the territories and dependencies thereof, 

and not elsey1here, in and to the said invention and to the invention as describeq in the specification executed by the undersigned on even da.tS"J 

-~ l herew1 th , preparatory to obtaining Letters Patent in the United States therefor, and to all Letters Patent issuing thereon cilld any conti:huations, diviSJ.ons, renewals, and reissues or extensions 

of such Letters Patent, the said entire right,, title and interest as well as 

the control of the prosecution of the application and all continuations, reissues and divisions thereof to be held by the Government of the United 

States of America (as represented by the Secretary of Tfar) ani atkl Letters 

Patent ~ncluding any divisions, reissues, renewals or extens~ins ere {! 

as there are or that may be granted, to be held by the Gover asC'Ol !j 

and entirely as the saMe would have been held by me had this run& cl! 

sale not been made, The undersigned hereby gives the Gover~~f ~e "e 

United States of America the non-exclusive right to make, use.g~self. thefi 

invention for governme;ntal purposes in all foreign countries.LU< u j cc~ w 

Provided, however, that upon any subsequent notice of all~ce~~ application or of any renewals, substitutions, divisions, contiI13Z1ition , 

continuations-in-part being given by the Com.mssioner of Patents, the e e 

right, title, and interest in and to said invention and said application or 

any renewal::,, substitutions, divisions, continuations, or continuations-inpart, and such paterts as may be issued thereon, m .. 11 thereupon revert to 

William F. Friedman and Frank B. Rowlett 

subJect to an irrevocable, non-exclusive, and roY'dlty-free right arrl license 

remaining vested in the United States of Aiferica as represented by the 

Secretary of '.:::i.r, to make, have made, to use, and to sell the subJect matter 

of said invention fo1 governmental purpose~ only, to the full end of the 

term or terms for winch any Letters Patent, ch. visions,, reissues, renewals, 

extensions, continuations or continuat('~~:.::.e~~~·~ 

Uitne::,s 

- - ~ - - --- -=-=-- --=--
"" . - ~--~~~~=~!~.!b1fb..~ril!l:lm'IS". 

D it.Appl1oat:lon ot 

lttUIAI 'P. PRIEDMllf 

aiU! IJWUC S, BblitJft 

SOHal Bum'bor 

443,Zl:J 

1ile4 16 .,. 1942 

~ 

~in~ 

.. 

• 

* 

* 

* 

* 

• 

• • * * * * • • * • 

..J 

.% ~.;;;;:::.... --...=.. .. ~--

made appl1ca-U.. tor l.ettere pe.¥zl~ £wan !mj>rovement ~ ~~ 

piapblo Spte. (am.al numb~ .U,3,220}, and ~vbe t?";-&Q- ;;. - 'ft>kad a power of aittoniey glY811 on or a.bout the ~=-a.,. ot 9q - ;;::;- --af~ ... ~ -'l 

1942 to W1ll1ala D Ballot \lie o.ttie• qr~' Qhtet §.ipat ott:tcer. 

ho:re\1 appo"!nt Reln7 n. stautte, ot Arllllgt.on Oounv,. Virginia, ,,_ ~ __...,........___,.,....,....~-

tut:lan. afta :r&'VOQaUoD1 'bo pl'Osecute I&~ applioat1onL ~ ~ 

alterations and ameJldments lh.eitein, to receive the patent, am to ....---... -=:lllC'lll'"""liJCllW' y-""111"'"__,... ---

t:ransaot all bushlsss !n the Pa-111; Mtlce. ;o~cted-~th .... c 

t 

-- -· 

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REF ID:A71739 

• 

DRF: Application ot 

WilJJ:Ail ., • ~ * -1. mA1iK B. Rl1attE'l'T 

• 

801.el. 11-..mbor 

4431ZD * 

riled • 16 ~ 1942 Division 53 

,.,.. • 

CRl:P'.OOGRAJ"IC S1SWJIB • 

• • • • • • * • • • 

'nm u:ndm-.J.gnod !av.\nc, an or about t.'m 13th dq ot Viv' 1942, 

appointed W1ll1ett D. Rall, ot tho Of'tice ot the Chief' Signal Otticer, 

their attm.onc7 to ~ an application tcr letters patent 1lbich 

application was t11ee on or about the 16th c1a.i" ot Bay- 1942, tor • 

Improvement :ln Cryptocra}hlc S)istme (aer1al D1D!lbcr 443, 220), 

be1-et\? ~ tht' pme:r ot attol:'ney thm giw.n. 

a,,_, in tho Oounty ot Arlincton am state ot v~. tMs 

~I :i:r- ifs,J' ot ~ ...... , Ao D. 1947. 

Ills~, 

·m : b, .,. i - •• 11i F. Fr1etbnall6 Applicant 
• REF ID: A71 739 • 

COPY 

SPSLG-3a 11 October 1945 

Subject Patent application of William F Friedman. 

Serial Number 443,320 on CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS 

TO: Chief, Army Security Agency 

Pentagon Building Washington 25, D C 

Attention Lt Stauffer 

Your recommendation is requested as to whether subject 

patent application should be withheld from publication and 

whether your office desires to prepare an amendment An 

amendment on subject patent application is due in the patent office on November 23, 1945. 

FOR TEE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER 

/s/ DONALD K LIPPINCOTT 

DONALD K LIPPINCOTT 

Colonel, Signal Corps 

Pe.tents & Inventions Counsel 

Legal Division 

WDGSS-85 (11 October 1945) lat Ind 

Army Security Agency, Washington 25, D C , 23 October 1945 

TO Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Director, Legal Division, 4D 331, The Pentagon, Washington 25, D C 

ATTENTION Colonel D K Lippincott 

1 The subject application is undergoing study with a 

view to determining whether the application ahaJ.l be prosecuted further under the three-year rule 

2 An amendment responsive to the Patent Office action 

of 23 November 1942 will be prepared by this Agency 

FOR THE CHIEF, ARMY SECURITY AGENCY 

COPY 

/s/ MATTHEW G JONES 

MATTHEW G JONES 

Colonel, Signal Corps 
REF ID: A71 736 

Copy Januarr 19, 

Ex parte William F. Friedman : 

and Frank B. Rowlett : 

Serial No. 443,320 : 

Filed May 16, 1942 : 

Cryptographic System : 

1943 

In compliance with the request in the letter or the 

Secretary or War, dated December 1, 1942, this application 

is placed unier the provisions of u. s. Code, Title 35, 

Section Y?. 

The assignment accompanying said letter, conveying to 

the Government of the United States of America the entire 

right, title and interest in and to the above noted application, has been recorded in accordance with the Commissioner's 

Order No • .3250, of September 5, 1933, for recording assignments or applications that are to be preserved in seerec7, 

and the assignment is returned herewith. 

This application will not become abandoned prior to 

the expiration or three years from the date or the last 

Office action. 

CONWAY P. COE 

Commissioner 

Mr. Vlilliam D. Hall 

c/o Chief Signal Officer 

Munitions Building, Washington, D. o. 

copy 
--.. 

REF ID:A71739 

%1 f Bt 

Vll!ID 8!ATB8 PA!IBT OPPtOI 

UBl1 .lppli.cation r4 • 

IItLWI '· 1'R.IEmU • I.tilt ftARK B. P.CWIE!T • • lerla1 Jtumber • 443,~ • • 

tu.a • 16 .., 1942 • 

,... • • CJ!LYPTOGRAPRIC SYS!EM • • 

,...,. 

f01 the Honct'able Conmt•eioner of Patent. Wub.1nstcn. n. c. 

Ii.rt 

rua !a in reaponee to Pat.em om.oe &at!on, 23 !Jovember 1942, 

b the above ta.n.Utied caoe. 

Pqu 2, lJ.Dfl 19 ... ~ "lllce" to ........ 

CWm 21 Lim 6 - After •i.wn azv:1 Woro t.he comma, 1naert .. -.id 

1ut mentioned -.na hlclud!DB a eource ot elecVical im.pulaes m1 -.na tor encdphering b .. .. • 

-

.. ~~ 

.. -
REF ID:A71739 

.....__ 

Gld.a '- iJ.ne lo • 4t1er •Mq,uence" 1 llllert a - 11114 111'4 • 8814 

~ llllht!.oaled llMM 1aol"4ing wna tflr lllDiJtaert.Da ...td Sapulaes before a~ the .. to -.id 

.W.t.tonal 1111\oba• - • 

Cl.tdme 8 -1 10 - Caaoel. 

u. '!he mt.bod ot tmai~ text OC*I'Qled ot ctia.raoten wld.ah 

!D01.u4.a ~ a lcQiag ~ ud trllid,Uring the OC111ponente ot 

...S.d INlq\IDDOe befWro ..:1x:t»rin£ eai4 'tht. 

12. !be •tbod oE "8Gl"Gt ~ti.on with Pl"in"ed text w 

\ho like 1lhToush IWitch ca:rt:roTurl Mana 1lb1oh 1.holudea aoti.U. ame 

Pitoh ta -.ooordanoe with a plain 't.:d obaraotor and actuating a om--

pl.earlta:r.7 ...S.tcb. bi ~ with an encd.P.,red ~ e'.l.amt. 

Tlw ••t1Mnt w -.. #l*it1oation s. 111 acOClrdattce with the 

J\aa.1ner1a WiP•tio.'1 on pap 2 ~ the otticial .nL:m. 

Cith l!IMpM'\ to '\be l'Wfui28DON oiW, t.be nJeotian ill 'halisnd to 

t. UDllO'Wl4 notwt tb8tanding eartain obanps in the eldlla are bee1a 

~. 

Jteterr:tns eepeo~ to .Tipp, et al., l,912,9d3, prblo1~ nu..d 

upon, the .tamlu.ental feature of the App1icanta' iaw8Dtion is .t to be 

tomd, tmt beine the 811iOi~t ot a bJing ll8q'Dll!l0& beton ~­

t!bn ot the 1rq \o the cr1ear text. '1'ba cmmapt ud !'8 ac!ap\&Uon to a 

-! 
REF ID:A71739 

Oil ~ of the utmat ~e, the itn0ipheiwmt or the by adding 

~ to 'the d1f'tiault1e1 of 1JUOOeuf"ull7 attack'ng the naultbg 

oiiiier text. In Ji.pp, et al., u nll u in tho aUior oited references, 

tho .. t that can 1X'I ola1med tor the Pat.et.ea 1a 1ibat tb&J aiitaaptaa 

b. ~ tuh1on Ol" ~ to PL"O'f14e .. bo". \he qcle of wbioh .... 1Mc 

M poiss1bl.. 

l\Zrt.her ~ Jipp, " al., it no111111 untair to me element. 

1t ~ 5't 90 u to ant!oipate Applloanta' OOllllU'tatoP 1$-21 Md -

l801ated put.a, po\ioular1y it the p&rta 1t through 5~ are aho to 'be 

util1Mrl 'kt •et the "tlcm\rol •lmenta" or ni'\ohee ..:13e4 for b.r -

et the al.aims and, maroover • 1'han 1ppl.ioants 1 strw.sture la ommwml7 

1mmm 1ti 'b art u a ~Jfiio ~tar.-, wbere:1s •itber llpp, 

wt al., nor thoae tam1J1ar nth tM art would ordh1arl:b' thus ret.z. to 

the n:tt.chee lt through tt. 

Cla.1-. 1 has been amen4ed cml,y' t.o brl.ng out that tho out~ of h 

bl' ~ator 1e w:-iable (l:r/' ~ct~ 10, 11,, 12, trto.). 'lh9 

ol11rn 1a beliwed patentaba anr J'!pp, e\ al., !0%' the l'MIODS above 

ib4Soated. In lllW.tlcm• the rejeoUcm ot the e1&!a u •eDdoua~ tu1lT 

•t11 lv" Jlpp, ""&1., ia not juaUt1ed au.. la - ..... the patent 

NJ.e to abcnr 11& clf.atributor haviDc a p1w:oa.11~ ol ...-nt.s. 11 A.ppllo&nt1 

Rate, pap 6, tbat th.ia llitr!but.or 6o-66 ia not ..... .ohanioal. exJ*!ier>t. 

ClA1m 2, aa eunende«t, alaarl.r llhows that the elemmts at .lpplieanta • 

~ aeqmnce aft 8lectrieal 111pul.pa, anr1 that -U !apuleee are er.-

~ betore uti.Uu.\ion, a fMture altogehr absent 6'om t.he JS"Sa• 

tJ1pel. ntercce u ~ pointed d. 
-· 

. 

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l i' i a. i !. 1~ 

ff:> ! I: ~ f § i ~ ! ~ l ~ ft 

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/#' I ~ I t: ~ l ~ I~ l I ~ i ~ ~ t t t 

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i e- I l ~ I i t i ~ i l ~ 

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t:I {; I 1 r It ~ i,)t1~11~ 

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REF ID:A71739 

"- tn11ent a&!re:sa of App~ Frank B. ~ b 21£ South 

~ Mw, Arllneton, ~. '18ase -.ke +.ha nl0e8M1'7 oor-

...U.. 

It S.. 6eaire4 that J*'O•OU.tian ot tba appljoation mntbme Uldtr 

ti. tbree-J'llU" rul.-. 

tt.peeti'ull,y, 

WlLttAJI , ' nl!I>MA1' ... &'ffl •• Mmft' 1aftutont 

l!t • 'Sir··~ 

-- ------ --

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------------R:E-F ID=: Al 173'9 - ""' 

-.. --

£Nnt"erenoea1 

~.,.<""".., .......,. u;;;wcn 

"-

..,.,. ... - ) ..... - ---- -- ---·-· .... _ --- _... --- .Tipp, et al. 1,912,983 Juno 6 , 1933 l.78-22 

ltel>ern 1,683,072 Sept 4 ' 1928 • 

Karn 1,7.33,886 Oat. 29, 1929 • 

Medmn 1,,22,775 Jan. ]J, 1925 • 

Hovland. 1,111,695 Sep\ 22, 1914 • 

Venwn 1,310,719 .Tul1' 22, 1919 .. Pierce l,"26,<Hl Aug. 221 1922 • 

Claint l is rejected on .tipp aa obtiom~ M.11' mt. 

Old.a 2 ill rejeotect an Jipp •• 1ubetantial.q met. Jipp uses a 

double pole double throw nitoh 1mtaa.d ot a sfnele pole doublo tm-ow, 

but tbie 18 10 on'.cy' because Jipp 4ee1rea to use a polari4'od crurrent 

111t. 1narte&4 ot the curreut and no CNJTent a7atea uaed b)i' applicants. 

The oirouita 'between the ~ 6 to 10 and 11 to 15 of ptgrco are 

iden.ti-.1 to the cdrcu1ta between rel..ap 40 to 44 and elcmnts 5C' 15o 

54 oE applloanta. 

Cla!ma 3 amt 4 are rejeoted on the ground that applicants have 

not d19alDBed the acmatrution aZM1 made ot opcr.ra1iion or their aarambli.Dg 

au; in "llUOh Ml ol.r, ocmoille and eaot te:i:ms" as are required by 

tho statutes and Rul.9 ;M.. 

Cld.me 3-4 are f\rrther rejeoted aa Hebern as aulntc..n~ie.llJ 1•il• 

To oonneot ~ ot the ou.1.pat wires to a plurality ot contacte aeem a 

pure ma.tter ot aboloe. 

Cla!ma ' and 6 ee rejeoted cm Jipp ae obrlous],y tu1ly met. 

M".da 7 ill rejeried on J!pp as eub:itan-Ual.l¥ met. Ne invontim - - - -- - - - -- - ----

~ e.. ~uirecl to iuert a c~tri>l ~ bet.vcen ~o -~t~i7 ~-~ ~ - -~ --- Ii Ui,.::~ to the c~~ lt to"· -- --_J;.?o ~'"'!:.~Pw~91F·~ ~-=:.w'liiii•_ .... 

- - -- -- - - clj~ B and 9 &1."8 :reJeoted cm. Jipp as ~~Ill!:· ~-;.~~~ 

unit ot Jigp ill • oammutator. 

-· - ,,z; .... ·~ 

• --;;. - - -- --- - ----
f 

I REF ID:A7173 

-- .... 

Claim 10 1• iwe.1eated u obdous~ tu1l.Y met b.P' u.r ~ the abcrt9 

Clited patents ans as being 'Yagl.18, and as inoluding appantua liatta.• 

tiOJ:JS in a method ol.d.M. 

ttM.pplied ref'erenoea are o.tted to show the #'f;ate ot th$ art and _, 

be relied an 1n f'Uture a.otiou, 

lllilclelf I Oil pa.p 2, lino 19 llb.ou.ld be ... 

"'" Tho :ruidenoe ot the 1ooond int'~. u gl't'en in the oatb, doee 

nQt oorro3pond "'1th tbat giwn in the pttition ~ ~~1::~ ~·--..::-.:--_:= 

"V--...,. -

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... -

.. 
Patent Application or Wm. F. Fr.i.edman and Frank B. Rowlett - S.N. 443,320 

1. Wm F. Fr.i.ed- Your patent application prepared on recent 

nian and 

Frank B. date was filed in the United States Patent 

Rowlett, 

Sig. Office May 16, 1942, and received Senal No. 

Intel. 

Serv. 443,320. 

W.D H. 

\ 

-CONFIDENTIAi: 

N.M 

H. Nelson Moore, 

1st. Lt., Sig. Corps 

SPSLG 

May 22, 1942 
\ 

• REF ID:A71~9 \I l 

ASSIGNMEN. 

----------

for which the undersigne 

executed an application for Letters 

WHEREAS, the invention was made while the undersigned wa& in the employ 

of ttie 1•rar Department, and pertains to a device useful in the Na.tiomu Defense, and 

WHERE.AS. The Government of the United st~tes is desirous of acquiring 

the entire right, title, and mterest in and to the said inve1,tion and in 

and to any patents that mny if> sue thereon. 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and one doll'lr (~l.00), 

the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the underSJ.gned have sold, assigned, CJ.nd transferred, and by these p1 esents do hereby sell, assign and 

transfer unto the C-ovemment or the United States or America, as represented 

by the Secretary or i'Jar, the entire right, title and interest, tnroughout 

the United States of .America, and the territories and dependencies thereof, 

and not elsewhere, in and to the said invention and to the invention as described in the specification executed by the undersigned on ..._ date 

h•rnith , preparatory to obtairu.ng Letters Patent in the United States therefor, and to all Lettezs Patent 1ssu1nb thereon and any continuations, di vi& ons, renewals, and reissues or extensions 

of such Letters Patent, the said entire right, title and interef>t as well as 

the control of the prosecution of the application and all continuatio~s, reissues and divisions thereof to be held by the Government of the United 

States of America (as represented by the Secretary of 11ar) ani all Letters 

Patent including any divisions, reissues, renewals or extensions thereof 

as there are or that may be granted, to be held by the Goverrunent as fullv 

and entirely as the same would have been held by me had this assignment and 

sale not been made. The undersigned hereby gives the Government of' the 

United States of America the non-exclusive right to make, use, or sell the 

invention for governmental purposes in all foreign countries. 

Provided, however, that upon any subsequent notice of allowance of said 

application or of any renewal&, substitutions, divisions, continuations, or 

continuations-in-part being given by the Com.'Ill.ssioner of Patents, the entire 

right, title, and interest in and to said invention and said application or 

any renewals, substitutions, d1v1s ions, continuations, or continuations-inpart, and such patents as may be issued thareon, vlLll thereupon revert to 

Will tea r Pr! •d•n •nd Inti Jr I. lmddt 

l/itness 

Before me, a notary public in and for the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

~~~~~~~~~--- appeared the above-named ~~~~~::---=-~~..,...~~~....-

~~~~--~~~~~~~~---~~~--~~~~~' personCJ.lly known to me, who 

in my presence executed the foregoing assigrunent and acknowledged that his 

execution thereof was his free act and deed. 

(Seal) 

SE OR ET Not;;:; Public 
' 

IO 

., 

JO 

--.... - ---=r- - -':$- - ......... -~, ....... -v IC"".i" ..... _,.. .... ~ - ---. ...,.. - ""'!.!..!~ 

REF ID: A711!'39 

~SECRET .... 

- '121:1.s invention 1"9late• io ••ort\ ld.pal.1n; qateu, ana, m 

part.1oular1J, to arn>to~ .,.tems. 

- the lfJPflratu8 is 4ealgned t.o be oonneotAd to ·~ tel~ machin• 

t.o Wiik• t.be:l MOt"lftt, but it 1e undal"stoc-.a ~t t.he invant!co ma,y ba ballt 

.la the •ddn•• IO that the ll&Oh1n• and oqi- Ncnoy ettecUne ~t 

ill • ldn&l• enuv. 

ODe obJeot. or th1ll lavent!arn h to frovid• • 8\aple 4"1.ce thAt 

_.be aoaneoted to an ext.ting •tandard -relei>nie" ll&Oh:i:re to ettectuo.te 

~ o~ the con11d-oation OODdueted OV8I" a w1re liDe between a traaatd.tt.Uac 

.i&t1oc and a "4111ving .tatt.on. Jrlt.lt.Mr obJeot or the invention la to 

proY!do a ~ ot ab.Miint. the ahar&ctere ap lled to a IH!'&t code MDdtnc 

or rece1v11JG uahirle1 to th•rebJ" .xt.1f)" the code tl"llDStdtted (or reoeiwd) 

•o t.hat "crec,y 1a eft'eoted. ...,. oiber o'bJecta ol1d 84V&L1f.a&e• or our 

.tuvm.Uon exist, a.nd een teat be \lllderatood b7 r~•UJJi the ~ cletailed 

.u...eu.aton or the dra~ and lltudJinG the apptllded. o.l•'•· ftMI iavent.1-

i.e 'been il.IwJW.ted 1Jl det&U.1 ax:ept that th• ai..,ezati.cNf •r.1etne• 

lldb1M bu mot been Ul.Wltrt.ted 1D allot l'• d~, l>'rlo to the 4eta1le4 

lllbo1dn& in tt. dnlt'illg•, lt ta under toad that oni, auab f'INl't.Urea u are 

Z'Aited in~ ~ed olda are ••eeUal ~the ..,,..it.y ~web c:l.a1a. 

BrietJ.r apMk!Di, the ·~" .ohiM hu • d..t.Rribut.or 4nice 

11bich, tor eaoh lett.ei", oormeota th4t lble 1111qWmtiall1 to HOh ot tive ail'cuih. 

l'bcoe tin c1rou1t.:J mq be opon or elosod1 de):>e~ on 1.ho paa-Ucular letter 

lflil\1 ar.d in a ~ "~" •Oh~ne, are opn'ated bt' a aet or fiw 

•!f1il9 ibJ"ow n1tchea r....1o'1 in tum are open.tied. b7 the k*18 or the •t.i.-

\nHI" ke;yboard. In cmr im'ention the eirouit.a to t.bl .U..tributor aft 

*>t4trol -4 not~~ a t1.r•t. pv.ip Gt A1tobes,. u Mllt1one4 above, bu\ 

lq- another .et. aa ..U 1lll1* an '° om1leoted, that when ~ f!i>1a .,.. ot 

a&J1' pat! u1ai' pdr ot nitoba• are IOft4 to oertdn ocmpU.Ctari poad.tlcma 

• d:rou1t. throush t.h '\ pair of nltche• to the 41RrJ.butor 1a OOllpleted• 

=la. 

Sf _-:;:-.,. UBEF- .. -- --· -
I 

~ 

} . 

, 

I 

I 

1 

I 

I 

i 

' 
REF ID:A71739 

) r 

~~ I SERI. •atop• p:nt 661 hnwh ara 111 .top• when ill• •stan• •pent 60 19 ' 

fttMhed. C1rcult. an ute.bli*d to ....-nt• 61 to 6' bf the ftitohu 

'4, 5), '21 51 aD4 SO, respeot.1ftl.7. 'l'IMtae lhdtob•• ar• ~ to the 

riaht or left poaltione h1' operatim ot kep at ti. ~ and • •mpl.e 

•t -U. pod.t1ona ot the U*8 S0.54 tor a tn i.ttera 18 pwot 

i.ttei- lwttob 50 51. '2 " '4 

A liaht ltf.cht Le.rt i..tt ten 

8 RJ&ht 11,gbt light Left ai£bt 

c J..t\ x.tt J.a.ft l!&h\ Lett 

J) ataht ten RScht Litt ls,ht 

.w. 

1b.e poup ot nitohea 45 to .49 alBQ haw right and lett 

110t1ona. '.!be• mtion• are oont1'olled bJ' Nlq eoUa '41 4'1 42, 41 

-4 40, n•p otiwq. 

lhen n1tah a.a '4 c4 4$ and both to the riLht, or both 

to t.h• lett, there ia llO a11"ouit to the 111F9nt 61. When either ot 

H1toh ca• ~ or 4' ia to the :right, W1Ul th• other to the lett, a 

.irouit, to --~t '1 S.. corapleted.. i'hl• •t.f'~tuatee ~t1'91 of ener1.1A-

- - - -

t1on or 61 dependin. i.ot. aU7 11POJ1 the poaition of arm S4 •• .. tenine4 

b7 the •TeJ.et1)>e• ke7 deprea8141 but al.IO UiJOn the potdtion ot ara 45 

Wb10h in tum d.pmde \1POl1 tbe poaiticm or the acramblJ.nc aechantaa lS-21 

•t rt.cur• l. 

1'bat has '-tn Hld above relat1Ye to ocmplmentarJ Mdtoh 

atll8 '4 cad 4' ttq~ appliee to eaaplemente.r;y Hit.ch crm. 5) eD1 

., 46, 52 and 47, 51 and 48, ud so and 49. 

!be enert..iation of the M'ftl"lll H"1enta ~ \Ct 6S inaluaiw 

theret"Ol'fit 4tl*14• upon the conjoint aotion ot nitoh a:aw 45 to $4. 

.lllcluaiw ot m\ch \be araa 5'0 to '4 are oontrolle4 bJ tb.e plain 1-euaP 

text ot the ••e&e•i whereas &1'll8 45 to 49 are $'.llltl'oiled bT the Hquonoe 

JO gienerator (the 8Cl"Ulb~ mean11). 

-

SEGRET 
10 

tb9 ecx.blin.., •aza& u\i1Su. ._ OODt.rol )oard M'Yizlc. a plurallf.7 

ot oinu.lt olo#•r• noh u lO, 11, lmd 12, one aide or eaoh cireutt olo:l.r 

behlt; CQllJ'.MtOt.\ to~ l4 tbrou.._h a bat~ u. 1h.-. qthe_f'_~ or 

t.11- olrouit ol.oHra OOlltteot to the input M"*1t. or the end phte l' 

ot the iaput ocamutator. fw nMple, the o.1rauit aloser lO connect• to 

"peat s, oirouit oloeer U OOPneota to HQUmt. l.6, IU14 07 l.2 eaimeota 

to IMgmet 18. Th9 other nra ocmneot to on• ttr ~ or tho nmasu1i:ag 

Hillen~ in ~ orderly or irregular tu} 1-. It la DOt JWQe1R17 tbat mi 

~~rot o1rcu1t aloeera Uld !»put .. _'Milts be \1884. 19.l" ._.ple, 

thex-. ~ bt CGl7 ~n o1r01lit olosers (•uoh u 101 111 121 eto.) 

c.onnected to t.lrl.rtMn ot the twent,•ab: Hpenta. TM u.put ete.tSm.17 

~ plate l' t-.d:s the .. wral :rotatable ..,utator• l6a1 17a, l.8, 19, 

an4 20 auoo.aai,..J,y, .SD the wll-lcnown aazmar. The i-otatable c:~o.tan 

UJ4 

an rot.ated in a oc:mtrolled manner 111!.iah ~. 1n daple ubod.1ae.rJte, be per1od1o I 

!90ttefPOlld to t.hat in an o40lllftter1 but where gr-uta cc:.pluitT 1a d••irecl 

the oon~ 'lllli1' be ot • hr~ tfpe aausine •l1.ad1o dUplacement• 

Of the ~tora. ..._. tor llUCh pC"1ocUO ar .,.nouo aon\rol are 

1WJll. known !.a. t.he art. &tad their d.etdllt per .. do not fora a part or tbill 

bvtmticm. The au.tput. erid Qf the eomutation :machine inolud•D a etati.orAarr 

"oeptor CIGlllllltator plate 2l. ha~ a plurallt7 ~ oontact tenwuU.e letter.d 

ftaa A to I !i\oluelve" Tbeee oootact. tenainals .r. !rret.~l.J' or.:xrmected 

.., that. t.h8l .. are ft'ff n8Ultin:; o1rouite 30, ». '21 331 and )4, each t4 

etoh ooimect t.o QD8 GI" llO;nt or tho i-...t.,.-•b; oont.c~ po1nt&t 0£ output 

reteptor plate 21. For eue of Uluthtion the "1re )2 ~ot• \o wire 

)9 the.t oca.ieoi. to adJac•t point• s, f ad UJ wtr. '1 oormeot11 to w:t.n 

t9 that oormeot• to w!Jacent points w, x, and IJ wS.re 34 ommeou to rin JS 

that OQmleQt4J ~ .i:-.oct poiJlta A1 B and CJ wire )J ~otll to w.t.re l7 

ttlat canneota to poillta x, J, m1 lJ end win 30 ocmneot1 to 1dn 36 that 

b turn oonneote to points 11 1 and a. Varioua variable arrqaents an 

p0$•1ble, tlOll.19 ot wbioh 9r• DOW atmtianed~ '1'be wi.1·e '91 far ~le, 

oould OCllmeot. t.o ui;y cce OI" mona points, wt mceaa~ to the tbn9 

*'4J-.oet one• s, T, &114 u. 'nle wire ~. tor .. mple1 cloe• DOt need to 

.. 
REF ID:A71739 LSECREF 

ctamieot to wtN l6 but em b9 oomieoted to .-r or th• wir•• 29, )51 J6, 

71 or '9. .l plug board. 1a provi4•d 1n the cto.t,ed 1"80tql• 38 tor ef'teetU>c 

aucb • ohtme•· Jttq QM or more ct the ld.:re• '°' n, 32, '' am l4 ...,. 

be dieoon eoted ent1r•l1' except, or oourM, 1t all ere dboaanected, th9ra 

' 1P1ll. be ao •ore07 wbatevw 4lffeotuated "1' the nraablinc •an•• 

the no•i~ ltat!on ot ft.gua-e 2 le •'•:ll er to 1i.he t.rana• 

ld.ttin£ etatian oi- ftcuN l ill .. tre1peots and parte 11bloh U'tl aim1 .. 

le ill oonat.ruo\ioft all4 operation t.o correaponding part.a ot Figure 1 bear 

like "ferenoe mabers, 'lbe r.terec. m.aber• IPJl].y1q to t.be rece1'fin& 

10 *lulPHnt u-.1 bon'fti"1 priatd. 

!he 111celld:Pg line 68' COMecta to the bruah an 6?•. "hen 

tM •stu-t• illpul.ae tor eaah letta ia applittd to \he lbae 68 clue 

w ~r••llin& a klt7' or th• "T-1etJP9• 100, th• •start• •pent 60' S. 

'*'1"if.Mtl1. benoa the 11Gleno14 '101 1a l.tkewiae ~%~~);~= .,z-.-ii ~. _:::..: 

lS U. •ueret.e• the .al.eno1d 21' ~the batte17 lJ' ad gnnm4 14'• 

The U'llaturta 28• opcra\9• thAI actuaton 22•, 23•, 24•, 25' cld 261 ill 

~ • .,._ JWlner q tb• to_~etparlding utuators ul ft.pr. l we •iatl.• 

~11 operated. Bence the tiw - utator• JAat, l'la', a•, 19' " ....... .., -- - - -- ... -- -- .. 20• operate 1n lik• .aimer to oorr•IJ>ODd_int! parts at~ l. 

Xt S.. necesM¥'7 ~or the o_pera~ at th• ~~_.!~~;, ~~ _!9 -

4•pz'ds ke,-. lt)I I l11 I end. 12t ud the ot.bere ot the 11a11e 881'iee• 11l 

the ._. ...-~ that ti.;r are 4evre••ed at the tranaitt.inc. .taUon. 

ni.ae ke71 *'Y" 1- 4-pnased ll! d releaaed :t'roa time to tiJle at th6 - .. .. ':.. ..,, .... .,... - treand.tt~ llt&Um Gd rece1"1n.I •tatl!m 1J! !ll'de;- 'f!o~~-~~·~ 

1a'tef'Ofptor1 ot the ••sqe. 11•tl arl7 the oammutatora l6 "° 20 and tbf 

_..reltpOladina •eo at the noei'Vin& end mq 'be -Wttd--.nuallilz.aa U.---

to tlm to ~ VM.Utborl.Hd i:At.ero.ptora ot the M8Mp. 

U tbe opera\or at t.h• nc•i'fixlc •tat.tai adJv.dll h.f.• appvatua 

...... ~---

-- - ----- - ------- '° eperate proper17, the nl.q• 45t 1 461 , 47' • 481 at1 491 will - -- --
' 

., 

t::s't~!!!f __,,........_li£4 :&: .... 41C1JE QC Pl 

REF ID:A71739 

-J ilECllE1 

al.wp have the a.- positions re9P11cti~ as th• oornsporid1D£ Nlq• 

4S, 46, 471 48 d 49 *1ch an at the tnmamitUng •t.a.tt ... n. J.coord1ng~, 

the oircuite tbrouil· nttoh•• so•, '1', s21, s3• .m 54• 1d.ll ~ .u.-

n.4 tn lite manner to tbe cirouite ~ nitc:Ma 501 ,l, 52, 53, and 

541 .... ~ouvei,. Henoe the tmerg11ation of' eolenolde 72 1 , 73' 1 7411 

?S1 ud 76' 1 '4iioh U'9 at the nee1'rl.n: •tat1cm1 will 1- enlll'gi.Md 1n 

~ .... ed.•'l' that they 1l'OU14 be U' the a.oori4 aete ot nitchee 45 to 

491 bolueive, arid 4~ 1 to 491 were •H•1na~d at bot.ti the tranamlttiDs 

t;bd "°ft1'f1:ac .ti.ti "GI• 

The tt0J.moid• 72' to ?6' -.v- be '\he printer -.ziet.a ot a 

nc.1'Y'bic 9'eletwe• u.ehin• (or the prhlter or pertorator magnets ot A11T 

•bd3..,. .. vioe). 

Jn 1J.iure 11 the pa...'"'f.a 1dent.1f'!ed by reterence number• 10 to 

J9, SM.lwd.w, eanp?"1ae .tlat • ..U a •XeyJ.ne Sequene• Cieberator.• The 

J&ilfinc aequonco ..-ere.tor shown in U1e draw!nts er.d hereinbefore deacribed 

18 bellev-4 to he llOY•l p.-:r ae encl pertorma th.a ~!~- ~ 'f'Jleratmc a _ 

pndet~~ -.q1~ b7 11h1ah the 111rea )01 .U, .32, ,'U and .)4 are rupeotf.ftly t111era1Nd. 'the reapeot.iV«t cier£1zat1ona ot these wirea are deter--

{a) !lie poaitiou or the keJ• 10, ll, 12, etc.J 

(b) The la 'bT wlalch the nveral devlc:es 22t 231 241 25 and 26 

~ tho llCl!lillUtatOli•J 

(•) Th• method or ln-egular 1d.rirJg ot the cOlllCUto.tors l.6a, 17a, 

18, 19 61Ml 20, 

(4) The output ffpellU to wbioh tho outpu't drea 29, ", '6, 

Tl e.n4 39 are ora-.ecte41 a:DdJ 

(•) The f081t.:tons or the MWral f~ • 1n tbe plug and Jaok board '8. 

'th. 1.Uatributor 60-l:J:, dd• 1n .t.aetina a •· oret sSpiaUn; •79t., 

but •• wish to d111t111Qt.17 st.ate that. it 1a not essential to thn buio 

ab~cteiaistitUI ot ~ invention. !he distributor• 60-6IJ ua1 601-66• _,. 

" 80Glpletei, elta,nnte4 and trna nres A, 1, c, :D and .I cODLected d1reoUJ 

(or 1D 1Uq 1ndireott Wlf") reapeo\.1.velJ to ldi'e• J..f I i 1 I Cl I l)t and S' • 

SECRET 
REF ID:A71739 iSteREf, 

l. la. a noret 1Sr;nal1J>g .,.tea, 1J1 oombinaticeJ encipber1Jac 

~ ooaiprS.ahg •~sequence paerator, a plural.1t7 ot pair• or control 

•1-ent•, D1:le element ~ -.oh pair bdJla eenneoW to Md cc:otrolled lq- the 

Mquenoe pnerator to operate 1n • p?Wdetera19ed 118.J.111'1 aeau control.UJc 

the other eltlGct ot ~ pa.tr 1n aooorde.noe with the text to be traneJlitte4, 

• ftatribu~ ha4fin& a pl.uralit7 or •pents, ...ah •cment biting acmt.roll.ed 

bJ on. or MW pdra ot eJ.Mnta, Md IDM.A8 oooper~~ns-~th_ MJ.4 elment.e 

iD\ •ementa wheretv eaeh ..., .. t i• 110tmtod !ft at90nteMt 'lit.l:l tbe text - ..... .;r ...... -- ~ - __. ........ _._.. __ .._. - --- .... -------

- U U- •""'-~ u Md.U'ied 'tv' the operaUcc ot the .-eque.ace .-Wrator GP 

'ihe .:l••taJ & liaa tecl lq' M1d tU.s\ribu.tol"J U1d deoipherJ.na mecna te4 

Iv' 11&14 UM ror *ipberine t.h• e1pl• ~t.ted b7 ~~~~~ --~ ..... -...-_ .............. .,_ _,_r r --- -

..._..,- -- - --. - ~ 

•• ~ a -..m-et •l&N' Sna -rta, • pluraliV o£ pdr• ot atnpe 

pole 4oubl.9 throw nitchea, •aoh pair haYlua ttrn and .. oODtl ind1'114-.lq 

operahla n1:tobf• ud .uh nit.ch haYiDg a pale ar= ml two oc.mte.ou, 

~ lr:J't.' oontrol.Ung the tir•t Pitch of •ch pair in aoool."'CW>.oe With 

the ,taizi text or ttt. ••N&9• ....- operating the eeecma nit.oh or Mah 

pah- d.epend!na ~ • pndeteained le•, wire••• oooperating with •aah 

pdr or nitche• t• Wepen&mtq ocmneoUnc together cme OOJ1t6ot ot the 

tirat Ritoh ot tht pair to a eon.tact or the 4IMOnd nitdl ot the ...., 

,.u, lolJd tar oonneotina the ~ eont.act• or the nltche• of •uh 

pair tosether, -.na ~ an. ot th• pl1a ama of ~ patr ~ 

ditolMs "° a 1ou:tee ot 0Ul'l'9nt, the 41etrl'but.ar ~ a d18tl-ilmto:r 

t Nar*lt for Hoh of' ~ paira or lhdtahe•, c4 HAU ~ the :N-

.. 1D1n& po1- U"U ot wh pd.r ot hitches to the d.Utributc:r Mpente 

N9J>90t1veq. 

-SECRET 

.. 

----
J 

REF ID:A71739 

) • .i ~ 1MqU9DOe gen•n.tor compd.8111.g a carautat1.ng qatm 

havin& a plurality t4 !rreeulaq ooaneoted iDput and output Mpenta, a inplt. 

~ ha'rlnc a pluralitT or input ten.tnal• r.apecUwq oanneoted ~ the 

hlput .....-nta or the oca:m...atuw qst.1 c output 8J11t.I ~ a pl.ur.Ut7 

ot output tera!nala reepeot1velf eonneoted. to the oatpttt aeperata or the 

l(lilill1tatinc ..,.tea, !=S.ddual. oirouit ol.ooeru fur 8CD9 or the input ter-

•tnals, and a ;plural.it,. ot output 'ldn• at leut one cd 'l!bioh ia OODDectfld 

to a plurallt7 ~output t.em1Mls. 

--~ -- 4; --A ttequenoe generatcn- oompda!na a eoi::mutatmg qstem tor eatablish-

=a random pel'Sillltaticma ot oomieot1cu, H1d t'.lomanrt&tine 1Q11t• h~vin& 1Dput 

~' anct output sepente 14th MSD.S ~r ••tebllshinc zrandc:a porrmtat1otle 

9t eonneotiODll between the Siiput and output ae'1*lt81 a plurality ot aeane 

n1peat1wq oontrolling the Japut eegmenta, aeans d1Y1d1rtg the output~ 

!xlto a pluralit7 or F"Oua>e ot 11epenta, and rane ha~ a Piur•l 1ti et -w~ -

JtU,t 4nic•• respectiV917 reapomd .. ?e to uc'1 aroup ot output M£JD"'ntaJ whenl:v 

D ~put 4e'f1ce fJI op-rated eaoh tille itet corr•spon1Ung group ot aepenta 1a 

utu.atet. 

'• In a Meret td.gnel~ 1J19tea, a tr&ll811dttinc station, a n1ae1'Yi.ni ete.tion, a p:bara.U.~ ot tw41ne o1rou1te at the tn:.r:umitting Btat1cm 

an4 a lib mft'beJ" ot ted oircu1ta at the noe1Ying ft.at1on, me«n• eotineotJira 

t.he tM&i c1rouite napeot1'ftJJ" to the ted o:lrwita, nitchee 1D ..ab of 

1;be. te.41ng ohcuit,s tor •lo•irig and opet>1na them aocol"dilll to the ••MP to 

1- .-icdpher-4 an4 tra.mmd.tted.1 aeans at tba trane&a1tting •t'lt1on tor 

~ the op'91"ation or sdd nitohea 1r the~ re1peQU!'& -rt•tts -gpcm 

.-iergi1at1on and 4'ienereiat1on ot add Q11"auita oc:11prlain£ additic:mal 

Mtohe• in MGb o.t t.he te«Ung o1ro .d.ta, aeans tor openine J &.osinc N.14 

Wldit.lonal ..S.tchEts in a predete.t'llined 1oquenoeJ aeans aasocbted 'WitJl 

the lhitchee ill the t-4 c1.rcuite tcrr indlcc..tin,; t.r.e intellig4t11C• J"Heiftd.1 the 

lut-r...wd ~ !nolmtnc ed41tJonal ftitobea and wn• ~ ~ e4 

el.oaiJlg ~ Mme in t.he t1ae MqU&noe t.hat tl;e aa.14 additional nitoha• 

at t.he tnnamit't.1.na at&ticm. an opened and cloaed, 11herel>T to decipher the 

••llP on noept.ian. 

.. 

SESRET-
REF ID:A71739 

6. .l .,.atom ot Mei•t t tranadJJeion between a tranarn! t.tina 

1tation end a nc•ivin.£ station inoluding • pluralJ.t,- ot •ndins mid 

ft0e1'V11t(; oircu1t& at each or a1d stations respective~ or ..td.ch then an 

cw.plement8.17 oil'ou!ta at the ro::speat1v• stat1cma ~tial]J' and .s.nterad.ttently oaan~oted to MOh other; IMbm at the t.l'O.n8mitt1n& etatioA tor 

•o41t,r1ne the .ner£1&at1tJD ot the a1rcndts omrrl•iii8 a -1toh eaaneatect 

b mm o~ tba transr1ittinz aircu1ta tr:Yr opening and aloaing auoh oirouit 

hlteirdttentl,rj and eomrrutation ll8&D9 op-'rable to oontrol opeon1ng and alos1Df& 

•f •d.d hitohJ DMns at the reo.i'ting atation tor aoC!f.t)iDg the enereisation 

ot the 111routts O<llDp!"bins a nitcll eorzn.,cted in one of the nc•iving oirw 

ou1ts tor open1n~ and cloaing euoh noe1v1ng oirou1t interrd.ttenti,1 an4 

flmi!Utatiora ae!.'.ns tar operating the l.ast-named •vitch in eimUar 1l8llJl8r to 

the op-ration of the first-named Ritch by the OCl!llU.tat.ion m.ean11 at the 

transmittine stat1celJ tr&Ulld.ttint? •amt oantrolling the cergisat1an ot 

the cdrcuita at th& trana:r-J.tting ate.tionJ and ""91vin& L'llNn• reapon.11n 

~o ener~at1cn of o!rcu.ita at the recei"fing eta~ tar :N091dn( the 

uteU!getlo.. 

SE BRET 

.. 
REF ID:A71739 

? • A eeoret fdolalina e1'St£a c<.lll,Pr1s1ng a tl"81191:!1 ttinf; 1taUon 

cad a rwaei~ stationJ Mid trarumittilJr station compr11'1.~ a l1rle output 

circuit end a p1..unallty ot t .. d!Jlg cdrcu1 ta therefor 1 aeana tar •quent1all1' 

eon,neoUng aa!tl tlled1nt! o.1rouita to Mid line output 01'.""CUit one at a tiae, 

& plurality or dn1cea each·~~ 1D C8'le ot aa1d ~ o:ircuite w 

oontrol ..-e:ha:tion thereof', .... or Mid devices ooopr1id,llg tvo perts, > 

1:loth or Wdoh have n:rat -.nd ~4 positions or .,.atian, e&Oh ot aa.14 

~o ht.vir..j; ~ tor ~riis1Pg its napeot1w teedin._ c1rcu1t 1d:len the 

t-.o parts thereof an 1n ocxnplinen't417 pos1tion:J1 an,,_ tor deenereiainb the 

eh'ouit 'llben the t.:> parto thereot are 1n po!d.t~ other ~~- ccmJ>!im9nta17 

pos1t1ona, a tranamittiD& keyboard, aeana operated by the kqboa!'d for 8h1ftirc 

ca. of thl pel't3 ~ each ot aaJ.d devioeo tr\llll N.ret to •~ond pos1tiona m! 'f1.ol 

..,.?' .. ,. comatn.ttna means, a oontrol board oontrnJltne tbe iz>.put ~ eaid 

GGlll'!tltatin4;; meenu, and meano re1pano!ve to the output or the ocmmutatina 

lleamJ tar ecmtroll.f.ne tho nmaSn~ part.a or Mid devices !n a predetendn-4 

anner; add :noei'tin& ataticn ha~ a line Sn.rut c1rou1t ocmnectt=d to and 

ted 'b1 the line 01.lt:t--ut ctrcuit of' the transa!tt~ station, a plurality ~ 

to4 airouits, aeana t« eeq,uent1ally oameoUnc aald t9d cireuits to 1a14 

U.U. input one at a time ax¥l in 111Jlobron1St\ wJ.th the rate tbat the t.lq 

o!rcuit• at the transmittin& &tion are oonnGcted to the liM outiou.t1 

a plm-olity o~ rec•i~ devices ane in each of aid t...S <1:lretdts which 

tevioea haTe two p&l"ta and l6Ah pt.rt or which has two poslttons of operation• 

bd10t1.t113,z IMltlle controll.e4 b.1 ld.d rece!~ dev1ocs m4 h&'T1n8 a p1Ul'811V 

.r actuat~ 9le=ent1 respact1vel3 oonneot d t~ ea1d rMe1v1ng devices, eaah 

•t add elettcnte beine Mtuated when the parts ot ita l"eapective devt'oe 

uo 1n compl!aentary poaitiore, .. aond cz...-utatin& means •bil.s.r in QCJD.oa 

ttl'uot1on an4 mole ot operation to ~t at the tranamittin£ •t&tion~ a oantziol. 

boant d.1'11lalr in oonstruct1on ar.d ~· or operation t,o the control. bee.rd at 

the tranar.d ttiu,i •tation, .... where'bf tho 1.ast-IDGu'tianed COZJtrol bmr4 

tentrols th• input ot uJd aeco:cd ocautation uus, m1 means rE-sponsiw 

to tlMt output at MS.d eeoond ccaiutaticm means fOt' oon~ ~ r-.inio.e perts or -.id nceiY.ing lt8IULll in like ~r that the .tira~ dff1aes 

~ oontrolled n.ntq tlae reoe1v1ng 4n!M1 wUl ett~tu.e.~~ ~rcduoU~ 

_, la1d !ntU.aat!ftl lhftl of the Slltll.llgw• ttabdld. tW. at. t.be +.nna--

SECRET 
REF ID:A71739 

ilECRil 

•• In a •~in:; sJ&tea1 a ~ranlldttf.DG ate.tion oanpriahc 

ftrst end IMO~!-d g1."0'JJ>B r4 el'!t!!!e!lts ot which •aeh elc:.eLt o~ tiaoh gftlUp is 

Adapted tor operation to a plu ality ot ~itio.- a, mean.a controllinc the 

poa1t1m ot the e18'reftts ot tho:? t.trst ot aa1.d p:"OUpS ot elacents aocordir.g 

to the text to be tranfmi~d, o eequenca generator fur e!Teot'Ul.l.tine a 

~eterained ~rats.OT' b;y saquent~ obangin.: the position ot the el«".ent.9 

... 

ot tb• MOODd or hid ,roupo; and a :reeeivirlg st ... tian ccaprislJ"l_g thi..~ d 

fw1"th groups of eleoenta of whioh each element of eaah pup 1B adapted 

~or operation to A plura.lJ.t-.; o.t po.e1tiO!'l'!.t Mans wb~reby the poaltion 0£ the 

~te or the t.lW.-d &l"DUP is ecmtrolled b)i' the conjoint act1oo and 111 

tlepcnderoe \lpvn the poeitione ot the elements ot tbe t.trst er.id seccnd group, 

l\e8ll5 wh•r•b .. ele.1ente or the tmrth P>.l.P ~ elements &t'e opera'kd in • 

atquenoa •!MD•tr to tho •equonce o! said eecon~ ,roup ot claane-nte, .ad meca 

i;eea~--onaive to the ccmjoil\t operation and aetins in dependance on the post t1ca 

ot t.he third and fourth groups or .ieoenta tor livtnc 1ndic.tions ot t.he 

9t In a 8ipel.Jne .,...tm.J a trCUUlllitt~ a taticJ!D.J a recoi"fing 

na:UonJ Jaesna tor tran.S.ttbic mera :latemittentq fro:. Mid t...'"COe--

att~ station to s&1d reoeirln& station,. aait\ e-e.ne 1nalnd.1ng -imocbltnc 

-.ns at the tr&nsl!dttine atat1o11 whioh i• abjected to predetmlined 

•:ration 8M vtdch whe tty'l"llted 1n a predotermined Ji&JJUer ettectuataa a 

crar~t flc;Y at a predetendned ti.M it Clll"X'ent woal.4 not oth-:-rwie• tlow at 

that ti. and stops currttnt tlott" at eiuch prodeterablec! thte it current ~u14 

othurrdae f'lowJ 8114 a te71ng &eq\J6nce cenerator tar •tt.Gtine Mid predetmdnect 

•P"ration !ntf'J'ld.ttant.17 c0111priehlg a ctmL':'.Utator bav1fJB rard~ ecsnected 

l»put ll'Dd. outpUt HpPn ts, lW&nS tor mav1ng a aid C<lllmltator according to a 

pttdete1'11l1rl•d law, .is.t1cnttt7 brush -.ns tor teedin!i: oarrent into a part 

fir the bJput M£,m-mts, MI ut •tatiarm?)"" bzouah seans tor rece1 'Yin!: current 

f'ra:1 a part ot ae.14 cnttput •taert•, a4 -.na tmm."&1Nd b.Y the output 

11tat1on .. ry 'brush mea:is fer •ffectuatiJl& Mid predeteraill&d ~ration ot eai4 

•oremt>lina Mani in Mid pnd•t.md.ned 'll8DDft' !ntend.ttentl.y • 

.,. 

SECRET 
REF ID:A71739 I ~ 

' 

_ ~8EGHET 10., !he method ot MQl'at O~~ation 1ih1oh inclu4ea ~a 

1U7• to a OOlllSttl'tat~ m~, rtl.a.r a·ar.is ~ated by th ~tion •~•• 

an4 deciph41rlng the ldena1a tr, tlle operations oi' the rele_y means. 
/0 

REF ID:A71739 

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I 

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• REF ID:A71739 

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~4-tmil° 

OCSigO Friearran ~ Rowlett 

REF ID:A7~39 

• 

WAR DEPARTMENT 

1110 

(C-3) 

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER 

WASHINGTON Saptewber 25, 1941 

SubJect Invautiun - Cryptograph 

To l~.r rl. F Fricdr.an, Cryptanalyst ana 

?:r. Frank B Rowlett, Cryptanalyst 

Signal Intelligence Service - Room 3341 

~ - Officer in Charge, Signal Intelligence Service 

1. At a ~eeting of the Signal Corps Patent Board 

held on Septewber 23, 19~, the subJect invention was consiaerea and found to possess sufficient rreri t to warrant 

preparing and filing a patent application at governri.ent 

expense. 

2 It is the policy of t~is office to prepare 

patent applications in the order ir w',ich inventions are 

sub1ritt~1...., and accoraingly it will be several :ironths before 

this case is reached for action. 

By oruer of the Acting Chief Signal Officer: 

~!(~"-~ Donald K Lippi ott, 

I aJ or, Signal Corps 

OCSigO 201-Friedman & Rowlett 

(9/25/41) 

1st Ind. 

Signal Intelligence Service, OCSigO, September 26, 

To• V.essrs. w. F.Fr1edman, Principal Cryptanalyst, 

B Rowlett, Cryptanalyst. 

13 

..lo 

iii c. 

1941. "j, ""' ~ 

and FraJF '7 r-

~ c: 

:c 

.,. 

~ 

'"' .,., 

-

~ 

~ 

• .c:.. 

~ 

i 
l 

Converter Tn>e K-228 

Herewith arc two copies ot a •ketch •bowing 

the principal mechan1SMa and airouit diagram tor 

the proposed Converter 11-228 tor encipherine 

telet;ype messages. '1'he part• included under the 

deaign&tion "Rotor AeaeriibJ.7 and Rotor stepp1nc 

llechan1am or Converter li-l34C" are now beinc 

-.nutactured bJ" the Teletype Corporation, under 

•eorot contract (Havy) and can ba ve:rr euily' . adapted for use 'Id.th Qonverter 11-228 by •lilll1nat1ng trou an K-lJ4C tho keyboard, printer unit, 

reversing n1 tch and certain otl1er minor part• 

unnecessary tor operation or Converter 11-228. 

!be "•tepping magnet" eh01m in the mt.mi i• 

I 

intended to represe'lt the clutch release magnet 

ot »-lJ4C Which ia operated with uch depression 

or a key ot the k:eJboard in the latter machine. 

In Jil-229 the clut.oh rel•••• (or stepping) magnet 

~uld be operated by a uni ftraal contact on the 

k97board. or the teletype or on the tape tranlJlitter, 

in Oa•e or tape operation ot the teletype cirouit. 

'!'hie would 1Jl8Ule that the ceyptogr-...,hic rotors etap 

Attached 1 2 Copies ot sketch s.1.s. 1-10-41 

1'1th each lotter or character transmitted.. 

... l~ l'. , ... 

c·e~''== 1£t- -
.4-

I 

~~~~~~RE-F IC:A71~39 

r--

~ ... 

~ ., 

~ ;> 

"I 

\. 

..... 

... 

"' 

L_ 

t 

G~ 'f'P-ovHA1'/llC 

( ROTOl?.S 

t t ,... 

+ 

t 

l?OTOR /ISJEM8it' /llVP ifoTtJ,f 

STEfPING- ;tlfCll~/V/.SM ~F 

CO/l/Y.£~/E!( 1)'',PE .IJ-?C 

SECRET 

STEPPING 

l'lll&N£T 

*l 

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~ 

~ 

.... 

") 

"' ::. 

'le 

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B 

u 

I 

COC'CO SECREF 

0 

0 

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-rA PE tJli' HE}'lJtJAli'/J J7MA/.i,,,,,,,/1"TE/? 

CONT4CTS 

r ____ _, 

I J : 

I I 

I I 

I 

I i1A11v.:-il.~At I 

Coflll'A-t I 

I - I , ______ _J 
l 

ConTerter tor Uae on ileotrioal Printer Cirouit. 

WP&! 1.. Due to the oonetantly expanding uae ot 

the telet:ype and TWX eervioe between the ~ixed 

headquarter• of the military eatabliehment, lllld the 

possibility that JD.uoh aontidential and •an.e eeoret 

matters paa1 over the o1rcu1t pertaining thereto, 

it appeare highl7 deairable that an automatio 

91atea ot e~ciphering and deciphering thi• 

tratfio during its transmission be inetituted. 

I. J. ayetem and meohaniam £or th1• purpo•e 

ha• been conoeiTed by aembera ot this aecticm. 

and rorma the aubjeot or a ••parate paper aoaa. 

to be filed tor aotion by the Signal Corp• 

Patents Board. fhe oryptographio meoha.nim. 

would yield the higheat degree or aeourity and 

tor thi• reaaon it would be deairable that the 

entire aubject be placed in the aeoret category. 

8. The cryptographic mechanism u.lcea uae o~ 

certain part• and apparatus now eaPl01'9d in 

Oonverter K-1S4·C whioh 1• being manufactured r 

in quantity by the teletype Corporation 1~ 

Chicago. lot ia h!ghiy deaira'b1.e tha-E two •odels 

ot the proposed apparatua b~ constructed, a• 

proMptly &I praotioable, and in T19W' or the facta 

SESREli 
--- set.5~739 l'\CI I 

presented in the precedinc paragraph• it would 

tU!'ther 1eem deairable that the two model• be 

oonatruoted by the Teletype Corporation. !he 

propole4 m.eohaniam tormed the eubjeot ~ 

informal diecuaeion• with Mr. a1eber ot the 

Teletype Corporation laat week. In hl1 

opinion the apparatus oan be made extremely 

praotioable and would, without queation., do 

the job tor whioh it ia intended. 

----- -~- - - -

'· In oonneotion with the contemplated uae 

ot this oQllverter, it may be neoe1aary to 

••cure tro'M the .American. Telephone an4 Telegraph 

Co. permiaaion to auperimpoae a oiph•r converter 

cm their equipment. 

&. In view ot the foregoing. it 1• 

requested• 

.!.• That a oonverter tor uae an electrical 

printer circuits be considered aa a required 

type. 

b. That a type number be aaeigned to thia - oonverter. 

o. That a project be aet up tor the de11p, - development, and oonatructi011 ot two model• baaed 

upon the tco'£1'\i1'e-fot 

J ~I;;. -

·~ 
military oharaoterietio•• 

d. That tho eubjeot equipment and all 

- :matter• portaining to its dovelopment and contGD1.plated uae be placed in the aeoret clasaifi· 

oation. 

1 Enelosurea 

1. Statement ot Military Charaoterietios. 

SECRET - a -

a. x. s. 

6/9/41 
JIILlTARY CB.ARACTUI,STICI or C~TER 

FOR tTSE OI ELECTRICAL PRD'fER CIRCUITS. 

.., 9, 1941. 

1. !he oonverter should be de11gned tor t e purpose ot autama.tio 

en.o1pherment and deoiphe:rm.ent or ceaaagee traullJll1tted by telet7p• or 

•illilar printing telegraph appar&tua baaed upon a multiple-iapul1e-oode 

•uoh a1 the Baudot. 

I. Xt ahould be designed so as to enoipher the 1ignale eatabliahed 

either by tape or ke7board operation, causing enciphered text to be 

tranemitted instead of tho plain text represented on the tape or ••t 

up on the keyboard. At the receiT1ng end the apparatu1 aho~ld deo!ph•r 

the receiTed cipher aignala. convertin, the cipher text into plain text 

before the signal• are ted into the printer, or into the pertorator in 

the aaeo ot tape operation. ln other worda, enoiphenaent, truu11d.1aion, 

reception, and decipherment are to be aoo~pliahed in a •incl• 1tep 

rather than in two ••par~Le atep• at eaoh end. 

1. !he oonTertor ehould uae a• ita cr7ptograph10 prinoiple a 

non-repeating ke7ing 1equence or multiple-impulse oharaoter1, the 

latter to interaot with the plain-text aignala aoaording to the rule 

that •11ke aigna produce spacing current, unlike aign• produce markln& 

ourrent.• (The latter principle i• well known :1n the art.) 

'· The keying aequenee :mentioned in Par. S •hould be produoed by 

a plurality ot eleotrioal cryptographic rotor1 in oaeoade, through 

which 1~pul1ea are aent and recombined in a manner 10 •• to produoe 

the equivalent or a randmi aeq~•noe or oharaotora according to the 

aultiple-impulaa-oode uaed by the tranam1tter. (It telet)rpe. the 

oharactera will be ~8 in number and should be in random order.) !he 

number of rotors in oaaoade 1hould be at least three and preterabl7 

ti Te. 

&. !he rotor• mentioned in Par. t aay be identical with tho1e 

now ueed 1n Converter •-1:5t...0.. Jleohanim ahould be prOYided to oauH 

meter-like at•pping or these rotors, at least one be1~g displaced 

ancularl7 for eaoh character to be enciphered and tran••itted.. The 

order or atopping or the entire ••~ or rotors, hOWeTer, ahould be capable 

ot bein' yaried ao that the oomplet. aet ot taotorial .!. aot101a M1' 

be available tor use, n being the nUl!\ber ot rotore ill caaoade. - e. The converter •hould bo motor-operated trOfl'l the .... power 

aouroe ae that employed for the telegraph printer. It should, h°"9Ter, 

be designed to runotian aa a eeparate unit and not a• an integral part 

of the printer itaelt, ao that either normal plain-text operation or 

ol"yptographio operation ot the printer cirauit can be effected at will. 

th• oanYerter 1hould be ~ ot behlg elootrioallJ aaaneoted or 

o ORE-Y-
&aaooiated with the tape (or ke1boar4 tranemitter) an.4 with the 

printer by mean• ot a •uitable plug and jaok or aultiple plug arrange• 

m.ent. 10 that it may be readil7 oormeoted or dteoonnected troa 

operation. 

7. 'rha converter should 'be or a.,>pZ"oxillately the tollowi"'I 

dim.ene1onar i1•xe•xs•1 and 1te weight should not exoee4 60 lba. 

Rnoloaure fl 

SEGRET 
2 R &. D 

REF ID: A71 739 · 

It is rocomnended that the attached milit.ary cbaractonstics be presented to the SJ.gnal 

Corps Techincal Comr11J.ttee for consideration. 

1 Incl. n/c R. B :U:. 

w.P&T 5-13-41· 
3 WP & T 

and 

SIS 

IN TUllll 

4 SIB 

REF ID:A71739 = == m ::o:::s: - .... 

' 

1. SCTC at l'eeting #194 on June 9, 1941, 

recO!lll'lend.ed. that military charactenatics in 

accordance WJ th the inclosed "lh.litary 

Characteristics of Converter !or Use on E:lectncal Printer C:ircuits" be adopted and thet 

a proJect be J.nJ.tiated for the developnent of 

Converter U.-228, the mlitary characteristics 

and eqw.pnent to be classified as "secret". 

2. Foll0\'91.ng approval by the AdJutant 

Gcnerd.'.l. of the SCTC recOl:ll'lendations above, SCL 

will be directed to inJ.tiate a proJect for the 

develoPJI'ent of Converter ll-228 and for the procurenent or service test nouels with furd.s ~o 

be nade available from tlus orfl.ce. 

3. It is unc1erstooa that SIS has constructed. a model of Co"'lverter U-228 and it is 

recOlllI'lended that this mad.el be turned over to 

R&D for Shl.PJ!lcnt to SOL so that negotiations 

ror development and production of sel'Vl.ce test 

models by a cOC1D1crcial fim. may be expedited. 

1 Incl. 

ll/C of Converter for Use on 

Electrical Printer Circuit. 

1. Military Charactenstics for Converter 

H-228, as recoIJllll.end.ed. at SCTC '!eeting ~o. 194, 

have been submitted. to The AdJutant General 

for approval. 

2. WP&T concurs in procedure proposed in 

paragraph 3 or Action 3 above. 

l Incl. n/c 

H 1!. 

.10 R & D 

6-30-41 

?IP&.T 7-2-/~ 

- -==-- L 

-----_........,.. --------· - 'IL..... . ----.-..--~ ... ~---------,__....-~ 
REF ID:A71739 

SECRET 

Corwcrtcr for Use on Electr:..cal PI'lllter Cl.I'cmt (cont'd.) 

5 R&D 1. Actions 2, 3 and 4 have been noted. 

2. Reference paragraph 3, action 3, you 

are advised that no :codel of the Converter 

U:-228 lias ..... een built by tlus di vision, nor .ra.s 

one conteoplated As an enclosure to R!W sheet 

from this division to R&D, dated llay 10, a 

diagran of the proposed converter was l'urrushed. 

It is suggested tlus diagran be nade avd.ilable 

to the SCL. 

s.I.S. 7-7-U 

c 

0 

p 

y 

~. 

1..~ JI - -- -SECRET-

------
1. R.. a: D. 1. .Attaohed hereto 1• a met'\Ol"andum •ddreHed 

to the Chairman or the Patent Board covering 1111 

invention or .. ceyptor;raphio 1yita and apparat.u• 

ror olectrical printing telegraphy ooncei•ed 'by 

two momber• or the SIS. A rough 1ketch aooampanie1 

the diealoaur•/· It 1• recOl'Q1llonded that step• be 

taken to obtain a patent on this invention Ul1d•r 

the prov1a1on• or 1R 860-50,. para.graph a. 

a. Ina.amuch ae one of' the prinoipal aementa 

1n thia invention ie similar to the Ol")'ptographio 

element embodied in Converter K-lS•-C,. and inaam.uoh aa the present invention 1• regarded •• 

prMtding & Tery high degree ot cryptographic 

•eourity, it 1• recommended that thi1 inTention 

be placed in the 1eoret oategol"J'. 

a. 11hen the time comes tor drattin& the 

•pecitioationa deacribing the invention tor the 

p\t"'11J'O~ or malctng pai~nt app1ica'fi1an; lfr. FrlelNn 

~Mr. iiow!'ett w!ll be clad to oo~~e nth 

ilh• Signal Corps f•teni: Section. 

r.: ,..-. .... 

.... 
REF ID:A71739 

, -----

To tho Chai:r11an, Patent Board 

1f e boliave ouraelvea to ba joint inventor• ot a cr.rptop-aphic eyatem 

and apparatus ro~ eleotrioal pr1.ntina tolegraJ>h1' and request that 7ou 

inveetigate ita milita17 value, patentab111t7, and inventorahip. In 

•upport or thi• request the rollowing in!'ormation 1B eubai~ted1 

At the tiJRe we conceived the invention, our emplo71nent wu in Signal 

Intelligence Service. OC51&0• lt'e or1ginall)- conceived the idea September 

11 1939 and communicated it tot Robert o. Ferner and Solomon lullback., 

October 10, 1939· 

The tirat written and. dated record.a are September i. 1939. 

The invontion haa not been developed or tried, but intormal. opinion 

by Kr. hiber or teletype Corporation ia that qatem and apparatue ia 

portectl1' practical and eaa7 to build and operate. 

Its ueea are tor direct auto~atic encipharment and decipherment ot 

printer trattic. 

Othera aaaociated with us in this development or havine knowledge concernin& it ares 

Captain H. o. Hqes 

Captain Irie H. 1. Sveneaon 

Lieutenant Paul 1f. Albert 

Jlr. Vernon J. Cool.q 

llr. l. H. 'Reiber (Telet7pe Corporation) 

Attached :I.• l aheet, initialed and dated by ua and two dieintereeted 

ldtn••••a, givin& a rough eketchot the invention. ~ --

l'e aaree to abide bJ" the decision of tha Patent Board or at the Chief 

Signal Otticar and will promptlJ mcute all papera re uired or ua 'b1' the•• 

authorities includins an assignment or the invention to the Oovernnent it 

it 1a decided bl' the Patent Board and contirmed b;J" the Chiet Signal otricer, 

that the application should. be ua!gned. -- - - - -

~~~~~ )932 Military Road, 

Washineton, D. c. 

Date or eii114ture CJ ~ lt:i '+ I 

'11 tnesaea s Pate °I ~)' r I &J;Ja«r~. 

lust Falla Church. 

Virc1nia 

Date or •i&nature 1. m+ !ft// 

Witoe~ ::: : 

:: 
REF .ID :A7~ 739 

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