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An object. ot t.hia invent.ion is to provide a oryptograph1ng 

machine which. vhen proper!)' positioned over t.he keyboard o~ any oom-

:meroial typewriter. will tunotion to tranarorm an intelligible meseage being typed on the k:e:,iboard of t.he cryptographing machine into 

an unintelligible or oipher meaaage on the typewriter over which the 

oryptograpbing machine ia positioned. the production ot the cryptogram will be automatio and require no speoial cr;yptogre.phic akill or 

~ledge on the pa.rt 0£ t.he opere.tor, he be1n& ignorant. ot any pe.rticular letter which will ooou.r as a resultant of t.he action 0£ the 

Ol"yptogra.phing machine upon the t1J>9'1l"iter. !his oryptoe;raa nay than 

be •ent. by any o~ tJl8 usual c0?!11119roial methoda.; mail,, telegraph,, cable,, 

or radio,, and will be un1ntellig1ble to ~raons without the proper 

Jl8&Dll ot decipherment.. A person provided with a oryptograph1.ng machine 

1dentical with the one uaed to enai.pher the mesaage, and with t.he key 

applicable, aimply rewrites t.he cryptogram. let.ter for letter,, on the 

latyboard ot his cryptograpbing maohine, whioh produces the legible 

meaaage on the t.ypewriter with llhioh it. is S.:n operative rele.tionsh1p. 

A .turt.ber object. of this invention is the provision ot the 

unique means by which a key of t.he typewriter kleyboard ia aeleoted and 

ia t.hen etruok t.o print tho cipher or ·decipbered letter •• 

A t'urther object and -el feature o~ t.hia invent.ion is t.be 

indirect control ot the keyboard of a standard typewriter by the re-

' sultant. e.oUon or a plural-unit-code tape trapsmitter upon a plural• 

unit-code keyboard transmit.tar. 

The ma.~ applications o~ such a device as an automat.io crypt.-

ograpbing machine whiob can be uaed with any or all commercial typewriters, requiring only to be positioned over the keys of tho typewrit.er and removed aa deaireci_ will be readily apparent.. Arq oom-

@'pp roved for Release by NSA on 09-12-2013 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 

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REF ID:A105019 

' mrcial or military ottioe in which secret ooDli:lUnication 1s requisite 

oan employ au.oh a device w1 tbout. requiring the coat.ly and tedious 

labors o~ t.rained crypt.ograp1'.ere. 

In the dra'Vlings accompanying and .t'orming a part ot this 

application Figure l ie a aobema.tic repreaents.tion ot the oryptograph 

in its relationship to a typmrriter keyboard; Figures 2, s, and 4: 

ahOif it in it.a mechanical details. 

It is believed that an explanation ot a sohe!:l&tio repre• 

aentat.ion of our inYention will f'orm the beat. basis f'or its understanding, and t.here.tore re.terenoe will be made to Figure 1. In 't.hia 

figure A represent.a a front Tiew and D a. aide elevation ot a Baudot 

.k&yboard transmitter; B represents a pertorated-twpe transmitter; O 

represents a b'ont view• and I a aide elevat.ton ot a Baudot alottedbar t.ranslator; 'l represents a •ide elnation of the keyboard ot any 

typewriter G, bearing t.he standard keyboard. 

The Baudot. keyboard t.ransmit.ter 1• eo well known in the art 

ot printing telegraphy t.hat no detailed description of it 1a deemed 

necessary.. It ia auttioiant to indicate that we make uao ot a atandard aix•bar t.ranam1tter6 the bars being deeignat.ed 06 l,. 2. 36 "• 6. 

'the bar O aots aa a 11univer.sal bar".and aorvea a function 'tio be de• 

soribed presently. The .t'unotion o.t bara 1 to 5 is t.o cont.rol t..h.e aet 

ot contact levers a. ?,. s .. 9a 10. Theae oontaot lever& are normally 

at t.lle lett,. but when a 'hara tor example z. ia diaplaoed toward the 

right by depressing a keybar 121 ot the keyboard tranDitter A, the 

oontaot lner 8 is moved to the right &.nd closes contaat at 16. The 

five contact. lever• being S,ndepend.ent,. 1t 1a obvious that the contacts 

controlled by them. oa.n be established in a permutative manner to correspond to t.he permutations ot marking and spacing ~nta of the 

well known Baudot tive•unit code. Tho letter A, tor example,. ia repreaented in this code by the symbol i; + -- where a " + • indicate& 

--

J 

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REF ID:A105019 

- -· -- - - - -- --- --- -- -- . .. ·-- ---- . 

a marld.ng element. a 11-• indicates a spacing element. For our 

purposes. a •.+• will indicate that the· transmitter bar ha.a moved 

t.o the right and that. th& oontaot lever is mald~ oontaot with ite 

right hand oontaot; and a •.• rlll indioa:t.e t.hat t.ho tran11m1tter bar 

baa not moved and that the contact. lever is making aont.aot. w1t.h it• 

left hand oontaot. !hue, aa we ha.Te arranged it, contact. ot t.be 

levora 6,, 1,, 8,,. 9 • and 10 i• ma.de with thej.r lef't conta.ots 11. lS,, 

16, 17, and 19, reapeotinly. when no displacement. ot the bars talces 

plaoo,, and contact of t.he levers w1 th. their right contacts. 12. 14,, 

16,, 18,, and 20. respectively,, la made when the bare are displaced. 

there~ore, the aontaote ae~ up to correapond with ~he Baud.ot. code tor 

letter A will be e.a tallows: oontaot. lever 6 closing contact 12; oontaot lever 1 closing oontaot 14; contaot. levers 8, 9,, and 10 remaining 

againat contacts 15• 11. and 19, respectively. 

!ransmi"t.ter bar o,, ia,, aa stated. a u.niTeraal bar, and hae 

a.a its function t.be control of contact ss. which, in conjunct.ion with 

back oontaot 37 or a rela)' 38, oontrols a magnet. 50 that is a part ot 

t.ranalator o. 'fhe circuit and f'lmotion or nagnet 50 will be explained 

later. Contaot. ~6 is oloaed on the depression of aey Jr.e,tar. 

A :maa~er oontaot 39 ot A• under control or a uni"f'eraal bar 

, 

4s6,, •~es to 1ceep the enUre ayatem in an inoperative oondition witil 

anJ lmy ot keyboard transmi:t.ter A ia depressed. A tooth at the right. 

extremlty ot eaoh bar 01 1, 21 3, 41 and 51 will mo'le universal bar 46 

'to the right and will thua oloae oontaot 39 when any one ot the bars 

ia diaplaoed to the right. It ia necessary that the sliding bare ot 

the keyboard transmitter A be looked into the poaitiona they assume on 

the depression of a ksy until all the subsequent operat.i.one and t"unot.iona 

have beon completed. This is acoompliahed by mans well known in the 

art.. A locking bar 48, cont.rolled by armature 49 of magnet 56 is brought 

up againat one aide or the other of lugs projeoting trom the underside 

of the transmit.ter bar•• so tha't a bar that has been displaced to the 
REF ID:A105019 

right, cannot. move be.ck into 1 ta neutral pos1 t.ion• nor oan a bar t.hat. 

has retained 1~• neutral position be displaced to the right. until the 

looking bar has been reloaaed. The electrical current. ~or looking 

magnet 56 ia ae tollows: trcm positive of bat.tery H 1Jlrough oonduotor 

91• oontaot lever as. oloaed oonta.ot 84. conductor 92. closed contact 

19, conductor 96, winding or magnet oo. oonduotora 971 88, and. 87,, to 

negatiYe ot bat.t.ery H. Spring 98 bolde armature 49 in its unaotuated 

posit.ion. the principal parts of the Jm)'board tranamitter A have now 

been described. 

·-' 

'?ho tape tranam1:tt.er B ia also eo well kncnm in the art of" 

printing telegraphy that. no detailed description is neceaeary. Suffice 

it to aay that it haa rive oontaot. levera 21, 22. 23, 24, and 26, which 

Yibrate bet.ween fin right.-hand or marking contaata 21,. 29• 31, 83, and 

S6, and tive left-band or apaoing aontao'ta 26, 28• zo,, 32, and 3t, under 

the control of a perf'oJ"ated tape,, by means of i'ive .tinger pins,. not 

ahown,. which are present under the tape. As in the caae ot the byboard tr61'1.8mitter the righ.t•bsnd cont.a.ota are in our terminology "..,..• 

contact.a, the left-hand ones, •-• oont.aota. Upon tho presentation of 

a hole in the tape over any of' the tinger pins t.llo a.ct of the pin ri•in& 

t.hrou.gh the bole allow• t.he pert.a1n1ng contaot. lever t.o move t.o 1 ta right 

hand contact and there.fora makes that. oontaot. one that. can be designated 

by the •-• a1p. lihen the pin doea nat:. go throuth a hole int.ho tape 

t.he contact lner makes contact wit.h ite lett•hand oontact,, and there-

.tore thi_a can be designated by t.he •.• aign. The tape ia per.f'orated to 

oorreapond t.o 'the pe~t.ations of the Bau.dot oode, and t.hue there a.re 

12 ditf'erent permutations o~ cont.act leve:i-a ot B. 'lhe tinger pins are 

withdrawn and the tape is stepped rorward automo.tioally by magnet 4.1., 

&ft.er tho transmi••ion ot the impulses corresponding to the eet of -'• 

and - oontaota dt\noting a g1'9'8Jl letter of the· Baudot oode. Supposing 

the pertorations demoting the letter B,, whoae code equivalent i• 

•- - ~- -- -•. be presented to the pin• ~ B. contact levera 21, 22. 
REF ID:A105019 -- ., 

and 26 will be against t.heir lef't-hand cont.aota 26• 26, and M, re• 

apeotively; ooiita.ot levers 23 and 2il will be against. tJ1e:l.r right-hand 

oontaota 31 and ss. respeotiTely. The principal parts 0£ the tape 

t.ransmi tter B have now been described. 

The Baudo't translator C 1& also nll knoim in the art ct 

printing telegraphy. It. oonsiat.a ot the usual set. or tiY• not.ehed 

bara 4il, 42. 43, 44. and 4:5, and one addUJ.onal bar. 40, wboaa f'un.otion 

will be explained later. !he t'1TG bara U to 45 are displaced to the 

right under tho oont:rol ot tho aet or magnota 61. 62, 63, 64• and 66. 

~hese magnets are controlled jointly by the aets ot ooni:.aota ot the 

keyboard tranBmi tter A and the ta.po t.ra.nBilli tter B in a mamer well 

kn.own in tho art o:t printing telegraph oryptograpka, so that a brief 

deso:ripUon Will au!".tiee. !ho eleotrioal principle, in brie.f', 1• that 

t.be oircu11i through any of these can only be oocpleted when the con• 

'trolling oonta.ot. lever in tho tape transmitter ia in non-homologous 

poaitJ.on as regards their lett and r1&ht contact.a. Thus,, in Figure 1., 

oonaider magnet 51 ot O, t.he oiroui t of whioh 111 controlled by the two 

oontaot levora, a ot'A,, tmd 21 ot B. Only one ot tour poasible oa1ea 

w.!.:th re11peot t.o theae oontaot.. lever• can ulat at a given moment,: 

<la•• l Contact lever 6 ~· contact at ll 

Contaot l8T8r 21 makes oontaot at 26 

V.hen this 1a the oaae tho o1rou1t tor magnet 61 is open. 

!bua,, trom poait.ive ot battery H t.hrough conductor 91- contaot lever 83,, cloaed contaot M,, conductor 92.. closed contaot. $9, conductor 99• contact lever 6, contact 111 oonduotor 

66 to contact 27 whioh is open, and hence magnet 61 cannot be 

energised. 

Oa.•e 2 Oonta.ot lever 6 makes oontao~ at 11 

Cont.a.ct. lever 21 malms oontaot. at 27 

When th.is is the oaae t.he cirouit aa traced directly aboye 

remains the samo up to the condition ot conta.ot 27. '?hi• now 

being olo1ed the current can continue through oonta.ct lner 21., 

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J 
REF ID:A105019 

o.onductor ioo. windin& of a&n&t 51. conduct.ors 106• 106. 

res1etanoe 60 and rela,y ~s. conduotora 107 &.nd 108 to nega.-

t.1 ve ot battor7 H· Maguet 51 is tbere.t'oro enor&f.zod. 

Caae 3 Conta.ot lov~r 8 make& oontaot. at, 12 

Contaot lever 21 mak:ea contaot at 2? 

!he circuit. aa deaoribed Eor t.he t.wo preceding oases ia the 

aame here up to conta.ot lever s. whioh now being agd.nat. oontaot. 12 the current continues al.on& conductor 61 to oontaot. 

26 which 1• now open. Uenoo magnet 61 remains unenergized. 

Case .fr Contact lever 6 male.ea contaot at 12 

Oon'\ao-t. lever 21 makes oontaot. at 26 

the cirouit. under ca.ae S oan now be eonploted, trm contact. 

26 through oontaot. l~ 21, conductor 100,. and thonoe,. by 

path described under case 2. to :negatiw or battery B. Bence. 

D1&.gnst 51 1.s onerpaed. 

It is thus seen that when the homologoua governing conta.ot. 

leTera,ft si.m.ila.r positions no oiroutt. ta ••to.bl:bhed t.beough tha per ... 

ta.inin& matnet or a; onlJ \Then one contact. lever is at. tho ll!tft or 

!11.nua ai~ contaot,, and tho other i• at. the right or plus sign contact. 

will 'the c1r1f.it be completed. It is :!.r.wa.ter:f.al whioh lever is makinc 

the plua oontaot,, whtch tbe minua eontaot. 

A• aaid be.tore,, znagnet. 51 haa :tour col!l.panion magnets,. 521 531 

64,, and 56,, t.ho oirouit.a tor which are aim1lar in character t.o those 

described ~or magnet 51, but are all independent ot one another in the 

control ot their respeatin magnet.a. 

The armatures of magnet.II 51 to 65 are yoked to tranalator 

bara 41 to 46,, reapectiv&ll"• When tmy one ot the ma~nsta 61 to 66 ia 

energ1aed it. draws t.he bar t.o which it.a amature is yoked to the right. 

and holds 1 t. there until,, when tho o1rcu1 t. through the ma.pt. 1• broken., 

.. retractile aprin£ at. the left extremity of the bar bring• the latter 

baok into it,a normtil posit.ion. 

-·-·-. ·--- ·-----------------------------------..:::.-____ .;, 
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!ho various permtativa poa1.t.1.ons aeSU!a8d b:t the t.ranalator 

b&J.•a o~ o. Pi(;Un i. cletarm.1.no t.he aelootion ot tbs letter to be printed by tho typewriter. Tllese barn a.ra slotted, the •lots being ao arranged tha.t, as 'tho bara are displaced to the right. Wlder tho action 

ot ma.gnats Ii. to 55:' there will be tor eaoh ditterant. permutatiT& .. rr~ement. o~ the tranala.tor bill"& one. and only 0110 alipmiant or slots 

presented under the aet of atunt bars 109,. into which a pnrtiaular stunt 

bu oan drop, being pulled by a spring at.taohed to one ext.remty ot the 

at.unt bar. (Side elavation E shows one spring, 122). The atunt. bar 

aeleoted 1s not pertd.t.t.od 't.o drop into the alicnmont ot slot.a until a 

un.1Torsal bar 110 ot C(llO' o~ E} ia released under the act.ion o~ a 

magnet 5.7 ot :&,, oiroui t. for 'Which is olosed by cont.act. 56. 'ftd.s conte.ot 

68 ia operated by a bar 69 whioh ia displaced to the richt when any ot 

the translator bars 41. U, @, 44, 45,, or the extra. bar 40 ia pUl.led 

t.o the right... 'fhe clrauit. for magnet 51 ie ae .tollowa: tran pr>sit.ive 

• o~ bAt.tery H thrOU(;h oonduotor 911 contnot. levor 8S, oloaed oontaot 841 

conduct.or 92, closed cont&ot. ~9, oor..d.uetor 116, w1nding ot" tn(lgnot. 51. 

conductor 111, closed eonte.at. 68,, conductors 86,. 108 to nega.:t.iw of 

When any stunt bar 100 ot a (109' ot i) drop• into posit.ion 

it. atrikes a ore.nk: shaf't. 114 o~ O {114' or B} whioh. closes a oontaot 

116 ot E• !bis C'lont.act. cont.rols the print.ing l'Q9.t;not. ?J, whoso armature 

74.t whioh swings about an uis ?5,, actuates the printing dJ"ive pin TG. 

The· oirouit for magnet.. TS is as .tollowaz poaitiTe of battery K. eonduct.Gr 118,, winding of ma¬. 13,., oonductor 119,. olosed aontao'ti 116, 

conduotor 120 tio negat.ive ot 1.. In praot.ioo ba:t.tories K and B aro the 

1amo., being hero shown u eepare.te only clearness of oirouit t.raoing. 

Al•o the ba~teries •re Bi!lll>lY to represent a eouroe Ot ~.M.F •• either 

machine or battery tor the equ1pmont. can be designed tor a ranp o~ 

vol tape .. 

When a atunt bar drops into position 1 t draws dawn with it. 
·...;. .- . ___REF_ID:A10501~ 

dra' link '11 presenting the slot in member 78 before tho printtng 

. drive pl!l 16. "rihen JU.gnet 73 is enar-'1.sed~ l.lGmbor '18 1a dr1Ten £'om.rd. 

operating drive bar 19 by bell orank: aoti•on abou.t ehati:. ao. Drive bar 

19 in turn opera.tea a. plungor 81 -whioh actuatea the proper key of keyboard 1 o~ typewriter G. When dr1Te bar 79 1s praotioally at the bottom 

-ot its stroke it Qperatea crank 82 t.b.ereby 111oving contact. leV$r e~ hom. 

oontaot 84 to ?ontaot 85. Thia action oaU8ea two tb1nr;a to happon: {l} 

Th• tape step .torward ma.gnat 41 in tape tran8?'.11ttar B ia $nsrg1sed.6 the 

oiroui t betnc .t'ro::1 po Bi ti TO o:t battery H through oonduotor 91,. oontaot 

lever 831 oonte.ot 85,. oonduotor 90, Winding ot magnet 4//, oonduot<>r• 89,. 

Sa, and 87 ~ to n'lca.tivo of be.tt.Gry B; (2) When cont.ao.t 84 11 opened the 

entiro system ie restored to normal 1n the rolla'lfing :manner: o1rou.1t. 

for loa!t u.gr.ot 66 11 broken at oontaot 84. thus releasing the tra.na• 

ml:tter bars o~ A ::a.nd in turn opening ma.at.er oontaot. 89. lthen the latter 

cont.aat opans,, tho o1reu1~ tor uni"TGr&al bar magnet 67 or translator C 

is broken,, tho return ot· th& uniwrsal bar 110 ot 0 (1101 ot E) undor 

action ot spring 71 raieinc the soleoted atunt bar 109 of o. Thereupon 

the translator ba.ra ot C return to normal. Crank cont.act 116 18 opened 

when the soleoted st.mit bar oorilea out. o.r- tho slots, print magnet '13 1• 

deenerg1aed, aruiaturo ?6 is retracted by aprtng 123,, md print be.r T9 

r£Jturns to normal. %ho latter release• crank 82_, contact lever 83 1• 

restored t.o me.Jm oont&ot a.t 84. and tho entire ayatem ia now in rea.d1• 

:neaa tor another O?'ration. 

ot C and its aseocie.ted part.a and circuit. for ~ ... purpo•e& ot our 

invention 1t 1a eaeential t."18.t 'the typewriter G. some record .tor 

eaoh and enry depresaion or the keyba.re of the keyboard tre.namit~r 

A. A ooneideration or the ti.motionlng ot macnets 51. 52,. 53,, 64,. and 

65 will ehqK that when the perDNtatiTO arranceinent of the conta.ot leYera 

ot keyboard tramnitter A 1• 1dent1oal with that ot t.he contact. lewra 

ot tape tra.nsmitter 'B, none ot the '118.g..11eta 611 62, 53, 54, or 66 will 
be energised. In other worda. whenever the Baud.at. combination aet. 

up on A is the aame aa that aet up on B. the resultant ie zero, or 

11 blank'' • It ia noceaaaey the.ii 'the cryptograph l!lake a record or each 

auoh case in order tha~ ra.eaaa&es may be oorreotly deo1phe~ed. the 

details or the mot.hod 111-e have devised tor thia recording follow. 

As already explained,. t.hG ciroui t £or magnet 60 !.a completed 

only wben ke~board oontact 36 is oloaed and at. tha .... t.ime t.he armature '12 of relay ~8 ia at its back: contaot ST. Coutaot 36 closes each 

thle any lee)' of t.ranami1:.tar A is dopreaeed,. under action ot transm1:tter 

bar O, but oontaot 37 ia closed only when :none of tho :magnet.a 51 to 56 

is energised. 'lha.t ia, wb.eneYel' the reaultant. ~ the interact.ion ot 

tr11.nm:d t;tera A and :& is anyt.hing other than zero or "blank"• relay SS 

is actuated Md oonta.ot 37 is broken. 'lha.t relay :S8 will be energised 

every timo tba-t. any resultant wbat.e•er except. t'blank" is ••t up at 

magnets 61 to 55 :Le obvious from 't.he position ot relay SS in the oircuita £or these ma.pt.a .. sinoo 1n order to reaoh the negat1Te terminal. 

of battery ll,, the current through all these magnets must f'low through 

relay aa. The reason for tho parallel ool:l'lbine:t.ion ot resiatanoe 60 

and relay aa· is so t.hat.. a f'airly aensitiw rola.y may be shunted by a 

reaiatanoe or such value thn~ the voltage drop aorona the combination 

will not be great enough to intertere with the se.tiaf"actory operation 

of magnote 51 to 55., whether only one operates or whether they all 

operate. It is necesaary the.t rala.y S8 be interposed bet.ween bat.terr 

and LJatp.eta 5l to 66, but. 1 t. ia optJ..on&l whether a low reaistance rela7 

i• uaed or a hi~ reaiat.anoe relay shunted by a. 10\2' reaiatanoe unit... 

When,, however,, too reault&nt. 111 ablank1t,, tllBn s.nd only then will conte.ot 

31 remain oloaed and magnet fiO energised. The oirouit. tor m.gnet 60 1• 

'tJlo:u as follows: tram posi t.i't'e of bai:.tory 11 through conductor 93,. winding or 111&.gn&t so.. conductor 94.. closed cont.a.at. S6,, oonduotor 95,, oonte.ot 

lever 1z. contact 31. conductor 81 t.o negative ot bat.tery H. 'l'he arm.-

ture ot magnet 60 ia yoked to the aixtl.1 translator bar .. 40., which, like 
REF ID: Al 050-1-9 

the other translator bars. ia drawn tm1;a.J.•d the right. when mapet 60 

ia energized. Translator bar 4'C> dowrminea the selection of a •tunt, 

bar which in turn oauaes tho printing of a oharaoter. In tho posit.ion 

ahown &a oocupi&d by tho atunt. bar rei'erred to t.he character printed 

will be ici"• according to. the lm~oard ot a atandard t.ypewrit&r, but 

it. oan. or oourae,, be cauaod to pr1nt.. another,, a dash tor example. 

It has been seen that there i• no diroot relation between 

the ke~ et.ruck on tho key\Joard tranemit.wr A and tho letter that i• 

printed on typewritor G. 'lha relation ia only an indireot. one, exerciaod by too t.e.pe tranami.tter n. e.nd 11peoitically by the partioular 

Baudot. cm:tbination that happens to be •et up at B at. a giTen moment. 

I£ the perrorated tape pe.as1ng thro~ B consiata of portoratio:na reproaenting an entirely raudo12,, unintelli,ible aoquenoo ot letters it 

obvioualy :t>e~o1oea a1\ enoiphoring key wh.1ch mo.y be employed. to trana:torni 

an intellig~ble co:rmatmice.tion i~ioo an unintelligible one 'tJ!at. will bo 

seorot. t.o all exaopt 'lihose posae&&ing -t.ha key. Since the tape advance• 

auto~atioally after oaoh printing operation., the enciphering ay chance• 

vi th each let.t.er t.o be onoiplJere&l,. Md thia oan be extended 1~efin1 tel1 

by rnf.lld.nG t..h6 pottorat.ed tape a& long •u tho text to be enciphered. 

It. will nt1t1 be aammad i:.ilat- tl:w ke1lJar tor let.ter A 1• at.ruok 

on the lteyboard t.ransmi:tter A, 8.nd that. at. the 861'» i:.imo the :tinge~ pina 

in tape t.rt1.nsmit.ter B aro ao1:. up Q.Ccording to the B&udot.. code tor let.t.er 

1. Fr0t:1 what llaa been aoid in oonr.&&otion With aagneta 61 to 56 it will 

ho clear t.hat. the resultant at iihe 1nteraotion of these two let.tera will 

Ksybaard t.t"anami t.t.er 

tape transm1 t.t.er 

~ransle.tor 

: A = 

: N T'"f----

& ---r+- """" t L •:t ____ _ 

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TrGnslator bar• .u. 42,. "3, and 44 will bo drawn t.o tho right. 

under the aot.ion of energised 111agneta 51• 52, 63. M.. the eleotrioal. 

o1rcu1 ts tor which are deomed au.ttioiently well understood troa -the 

torego1ng deacription to wa.rrani their tr&o1ng being oa1tted. 

. ..... 
f 

REF ID:A105019 

'lho K a'l.unt bar -.i.ll be tho ona selected and w:l.ll drop ir1t.o 

the t.lignod elots on tho translator bara upon the energization ot the 

un!veraa.l bar ma.gnat 57 by olos,j.ng of contact 68. When the K stunt bar 

drop& !ni.o posi ti.on dra& link '17 clr&.11a ma:ibo1· 16 dawn. pro.aent.ing 1 't.8 

. n<>to!1 before printing dr1 Te pin 161 the X at.unt. bar alao causes crank 

contaot, 115 to bo cloaed and print. magnet 13 i• energised. causing print 

bar 79 to bo driven down,, deprer.ie1ng the lt plunger,. a1. and oauaing the 

typewriter G to pr1nt. the lei.ter K. At the end of the datmn.rd at.roles 

c£ bar 19,. crank 82 opena oonte.ot 84 and olosoa oor1tact. 86. !he results 

ot thf) oporc.tion 0£ tho ore.nk 82 ha.'V'e already been eet .torth,. the entire 

aysteu 'Lei~ olearod and I.Ui.do ready ror the next. oyole •. 

Assumin,; t.htd: .. -.:e ~'V& beon dealin& with a oaoe ot enciphering, 

wherein A ie the plain•tu.t letter,. 11_ the key letter ~or enciphering A·. 

and !. the re•ultant cipher letter,, the decipherment requires that the 

depreu1on of m)'board I on the tranatd.tter A. combined with the aettinc 

up ot let.ter i'J on t&pe t.ra.nsmS:t;t,er n., ahall produce. A., 'the original 

plain-text letter. 'lha interaot1on ma~ be a:bown aohematJ.cally as .t"ollow• 

Cipher letter X 11 ~ + T 7- - ley letter I : - - + + - .._, 1 I ·-· ........... __ .............. _ ...... _ 

Plain-tex't letter A i- . 

.. -t'1"---

In this oaee only m!lOlets 51 and 62 would bo energised,, the £ 

stunt bnr aeleot&dl' and A print.o:i on tho typewriter G· 'thua. the reciprocal rolnt1onship ~etween the plain-text and cipher l&ttera t.hrough 

the 1ntermed1aoy o£ th6 key letter Ji ha& l>een mai11trJ.ned. 

We mti.y n<TJ prooeod to a de~cription ot tho apparatus in 1 ta 

111eohnnioo.l aspcot.s. tieure 2 is ti side elove.tl.on view o~ the or)'ptograph 

in it.a rolc.tionsti.ip t.o f• "typewriter Jceyboard. Th6 aide frame of the 

oryptogrnph is shown. renoved,. £01· t.hP- sa.f'..e of clearneaa. In t.hia figure 

tl"..e protion denoted by A is the cr)'l>togl"aph,, s;,nd B denotes the bye ot 

t.he t.ypewr1 ter. the lceybara. 1,. 11.re pivoted on a. common aha.tt. 2. and 

are held up by individual apringa, 3. 'flle keybara operate the transmit-
.................... --------------~~-

;' 

-- ·.-·- - -- _-, 

ter bara,. 4• wlJ.a..'l are supported at their sxtra-li.tiea by ball $.Jld roller 

beari.n{;S• the .r.ieohanis?'l tor ;f.ook.ing 1Jlo tranmdtter bar• into posit.ion 

ia eho-:m •a oonsi•tint of .rJagnOt 6 whose s.rm:a. ture 6,. normally held by 

eprinc 1. whon a.ttre.ated a.a.uses bar 6 to root on pivot 9 and look the 

bars in1:.o position. Uar.;nat 10 i:s one of tho set of' aix t.ranalat.or•bar 

r.a&nats. tho other fiw being behind the ono shown, ea.ob equipped with 

an araature,,. 11. bell or~.. 12. end coupling,. 13. Eor maring the translator bar controlled by it. !ho t.raneslator b~r• themsel'Y9a are abown 

e.t. 14. At 15 is ahomt but one ot tho eet ot 32 stunt bars., the other• 

being behind it.. Tho s'\.un't. bo.rs are pivoted a.t 16 and are pulled into 

. an aligro.ent of alots on t..l~ tra.nslator bara 14 undar t.he aotion ot 

individwll sprinze. 17. !a.ch st.unt bar ie provided with a drag link. 

18. ·.thioh ia oouplad t<; a meabor,. 19,, at pivot pin~ 20. Mlllmber l~ i• 

provided with a dot 21 and is pivoted end coupled to PJ"int bar 22 at 

p1n 23. Print bar 22 operates with a bell crank aotion about shaft 24 

whioh is oolliillOn t.o all tho print. bars. llhon m.embar 19 1• drawn down• 

W8J.•d by the net.ion of a tran11lator bar. 15, upon drag link 18, it. pre• 

aents i ta slot 21 bofore the d.riv11 pin 25,, which is co1t1Uon t.o and rum 

under all tho alottod Ill8n:ibera of which 19 ia but. one. Drive pin 26 1• 

under the oontrol of print magnet 26. whoa& umature27, bold neutrally 

by the pull of apr1n& za, rocks upon. piTot 29. llhsn magnet 26 ia energised its a.r:aa:t.ure 2.7 causes driTe pin 25 to engage slot 21 and at.rib 

that me::nber 19 whioh has been present.ad to th-3 drive pin, causing print 

bar 22 to be driven downnrd upon plung&:r 30. Plunger SO and all other 

print plu~ers have oo.li.iD.On bearin&s at 31 and are held up in normal 

position by sprin,11 1uch as Z2 under pil). :s~. 1'hon the plungers are 

driven daN"nward their teet, M, strike the pertaining t.ypewrit.er keya 

of B. ~hen print bar 22 bas a.lmost reached the end of its downward 

atroke it opera.tea orank 36• which ia crank 82 ot :Figure l• Thia orank 

1a common to and runs underneath all tbe print bara,. and only one of 

1ts bearings 1& shown at 36. Ae explained in connection 'Wit.h Figure 1, 

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REF ID:A105019 

1:.hc function o:t this c1·0.r.4: ie to close the oiroui t. tor the tape11teppiflt n.agnut 47 of Figur~ l, ae well aa to open tho oirouit of 

the tra..9J.s1!Jittor-bar locld.~ maoiote 66 or .Figure l. t.wo operations 

which are neeesso..ey to restore the machine to normal. At 37 is 

slim.-n a crank whioi1 corresponds to crank 114 0£ Fieure i. and oon• 

U-ols 1:.ho oont.:-,ot. for the print. r.w.gnet. 26 o~ F1r;.ure 2~ ?& ot FJ..gure l. 

Figura 3 is a .f'l.•ont viev o~ t.he crypt.obl"aph. in which the 

lmys of the lmytoard t.Lre designated l• Only OJl8 o~ t..ho set. or transmtter bars 1a shmm, this beinf: thtJ foremost one,, desigMted 2. The 

ma..·1aer in which tho tra.:mll.n1tte1· bai.·s control tl"LGir contacts ia shown 

!"or this bar /1 -.rl'3rein 1 t is noted that the be..r 1.s yoked to contact. 

lever 10,, .. opora.t.S.ne the lat.ter o.bout. &Xis 8,, thereby preeent.1.ng con• 

~~ ..... taot#\3 to eithar conta.¢t 4. when the ber ie at ite normal poeit.ion to 

tho le.f't 8l1d hold there by spring 9• or t.o contact 5~ when the bar ia 

d1splaood to tho richt upon depressing a key which ca.uses this bar to 

operate.. Proper te1·W.nali; tor 'lldr1nt ere e.rrttngod for on t.he insulating 

B\\pporta 6 e.nd 7 ae ehmm at 14: and 16 for the front, and baak contacts 

and at 13 £or tho lGVer contact by coiled wire 121 it being Wlderstood 

that the lever cont..Rct ta insulated froL~ the £r8.llle at. 11· fhe other 

ti.Yo transnittor bars ara clireotly behind t.he. bar 2,. eaoh controlling 

identioal contRcte, all ot which a.re mounted on the insulating supports 

6 and 7,, Dehind tl•is eot 0£ coJ1.ta.ote ie the me.11'\.er oontaot 39 ot 

Figure l. In F.tguro 3 only tho ci·o.nk 27 ~id.ch oon1:.rola this contact 

Ofln be soon. but this mo1!'.bE;r e.nd it.e contact are nl".own in detail in 

Figure 4,, l7hich will be disauset:-d later. A ehel.f,, 19, is pro'Yided f'or 

plaoinr; th6 U..pe t.rtt.JiBrnittor {B o~ Figure l) into position. fhe tape 

t.rs.nsm tter 1s usu6.lly in eom.pnot torF!. with niuo terminals tor ext.ernal 

eleet.:rica.l connoctione. J.t 16 if. ehcren on~ or the nine spring ol!.pe, 

•q-μa.lly spaced t-.:nd mountod upon an 1naulatinr; block 17 tor &oldered 

electrical o.o:nneotJ.one at 18. The nine terminals of the tape trans• 

m1tter fit under the nine spr1ng clips. A dust ooTer tor the shelt 

_,--, • fa:;'"::.::.: ~7~ ": .• - .•...• -··' 

ij 
r - ---....--·---------..,_,_... ·~--RE-F~B~0-§-01.;;t.}..1.9..,._--......,,., .... ,.... -.,..,. --------

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19 is provided. At 20. 2J,. 22, 23, 24:, &nd. 26 are sh.awn the six t.rana• 

lator•bar magnets wbioh a.ct\111.te the translator bars, or 'l;bich only one. 

26,. is ahcntn. In this figure onl)· tho e.nda of the atunt. bars 28 are 

visible• the~ are connoot.ed to d1·ag links 4.0,, .i.nd at. 41 s.ro shown the 

pria'\ ear elottod membora (21 of Fi.cure 1), a.t, 42 are shmm the print 

bara. .At. '5 is shmm tho ora-..nk (114 or Fit.'Ul"6 i. 3'1 of Fif;tl.re 2) which 

ope1· .. tee tbo oonto.ot. 29 (115 or Figm•a l) controlling the print magnet 

&O, Fit.'Ul .. e S ( 75 in Figure l a.m 26 in FiLUl"& 2} l pin Sl ts prorldod 

with bearings 52 Etlld 34: pivoted 011 OOllllloll oent.era 85 end ~6. It. will 

be seen that drive pin 31 rUlJ.S aoross the J!Ulollino and under all the 

elotted lilembcrs 41• At. 37 is eh0'4"11 tho or&.nk corresponding to crank 

82 of' figure l,, 35 of Fi&'11·e 2. CrJUlk 37 also runs aaross t.ho maoh1na 

.nd under all tlw print. bars 42-, 'the crank being piTOted at common 

cent.e1·a as end 39. At ~ is ah.own t.ho t.rr.nsmittJ.ng-bar loold.l'Jb DJSOhanifllll 

figure 4 sliaws the ~emonta tor "t.he master contact 39 ot 

• 

Figure l aa aasooiatetl with tl:ie bJytioard transmitter contacts. In .Figure 

" t.be tranemi t-t.er _hara o., l,. 2. &,. 4, and 6 are shown in relation to 

the cont.a.ct. la.ve~s o£ which onl~ three,.·1. a, 5nd 9 are aoen; oontact 

lever 7 makes cont.a.at at 10 whon the bar l 1s in 1 ts normal poni t1on 

and ~eld ao by spring 6• or at ll whan the bar ie displaoed to tho right. 

b'o termnals 12 and 13 ror soldered oonneotlons are ahown. '?ho crank 

14r, pivoted at. 15, opera.tea contact lever 16,, olosint conta.ct 17 whonenr ono or mre of the bara are displaced to the right. 

We olaim: 

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