# For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, June 12, 2013 USDL-13-1140 Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • NCSinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

# E MPLOYER 

# C OSTS FOR 

# E MPLOYEE 

# C OMPENSATION



# – M ARCH 

# 2013 Employer costs for employee compensation averag ed $31.09 per hour worked in March 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries aver aged $21.50 per hour worked and accounted for 69.1 percent of these co sts, while benefits averaged $9.59 and accounted for the remaining 30.9 percent. Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged $29.13 per hour worked in March 2013. Total employer compensation costs for state and local government workers averaged $42.12 per hour worked in March 2013. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and employee benefits for nonfarm private and state and local government workers.

Cost per hour worked 

## Chart 2. Employer costs for employee compensation per hour worked: health insurance benefit costs by selected occupational group, private industry, March 2013 Cost per hour worked 

## Chart 1. Employer costs for employee compensation per hour worked: total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefits by selected metropolitan area and U.S., private industry, March 2013



# Insurance Benefits Data in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation
BLS discovered errors in selected insurance benef it estimates, impacting September 2012 and December 2012 Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data. Additional series are subj ect to correction as well. There is no impact on March 2013 estimates. Details regarding the availability of corrected data for these reference periods can be found at www.bls.gov/bls/eci _corrections_043013.htm.

## - 2 - 

# Private industry Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.01 per hour work ed (6.9 percent of total compensation), supplemental pay averaged 81 cents (2.8 percent), insurance benefits averaged $2.40 (8.2 percent), retirement and savings averaged $1.06 (3.6 percent), and legally required benefits averaged $2.39 (8.2 percent). (See table A and table 5.) Metropolitan area costs in private industry Total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs in private industry are included in this release for 15 combined and metropolitan statistical areas (CSAs and MSAs). Total compensation costs for the 15 metropolitan areas ranged from $42.56 per hour work ed for the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA, to $23.56 per hour worked in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA. (See chart 1 and table 15.)
Health insurance cost s in private industry The average cost for health insurance benefits was $2.26 per hour worked in private industry (7.8 percent of total compensation) in March 2013. In March 2003, employer costs for health benefits averaged $1.41, or 6.3 percent of total compensation. Among occupational groups, employer costs for health insurance benefits ranged from 90 cents per hour worked and 6.3 percent of total compensation for se rvice workers, to $3.44 and 6.7 percent of total compensation for management, professional, a nd related occupations. Among other occupational categories, employer costs for health benefits av eraged $2.04 (8.9 percent of total compensation) for sales and office occupations, lower than $2.68 (8.3 pe rcent) for natural res ources, construction, and maintenance occupations, and $2.51 (10.1 percent) fo r production, transportation, and material moving occupations. (See table 5 and chart 2.) Employer costs for health insurance benefits were significantly higher for union workers, averaging $5.23 per hour worked (12.9 percent of total comp ensation), than for nonunion workers, averaging $1.97 (7.0 percent). (See table 5.) In goods-producing industries, health insurance bene fit costs were higher, at $3.10 per hour worked (9.0 percent of total compensation), thanin service-providing industries, at$2.09 (7.5 percent). (See table 6.) Among the four regions, costs for health insurance bene fits ranged from $1.92 per hour worked (7.2 percent of total compensation) in the South to $2.71 (8.1 pe rcent) in the Northeast. Health insurance costs were $2.40 (8.6 percent) in the Mi dwest and $2.25 (7.4 percent) in the West

. (See table 7.) Health insurance benefit costs in creased, both in average hourly dolla r amount and as a proportion of total compensation, with establishment size. Estab lishments with fewer than 50 workers averaged $1.43 per hour worked (6.2 percent of total compensati on); those with 50-99 work ers averaged $1.93 (7.2 percent); those with 100-499 employees averaged $2.60 (8.7 percent); and those with 500 or more employees averaged $3.81 (8.9 percent). (See table 8.) For information on health insurance provisions, see National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2012, at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/eb s/benefits/2012/benefits.htm.

## - 3 - 

# Table A. Relative importance of empl oyer costs for employee compensation, March 2013

Compensation

component Civilian workers Private industry State and local government Wages and salaries 69.1% 70.3% 64.8% Benefits 30.9 29.7 35.2 Paid leave 7.0 6.9 7.3 Supplemental pay 2.4 2.8 0.8 Insurance 9.0 8.2 12.1 Health 8.6 7.8 11.7 Retirement and savings 4.7 3.6 9.0 Defined benefit 2.9 1.5 8.2 Defined contribution 1.8 2.1 0.8 Legally required 7.8 8.2 6.0



# _____________ Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for June 2013 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, September 11, 2013, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefits in private industry are produced annually in the March re ference period for 15 metropolitan areas. For further information about metropolitan area ECEC estimates see: “BLS Introduces New Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Data for Private Industry Work ers in 15 Metropolitan Areas,” at http://www.bls .gov/opub/cwc/cm20090921ar01p1.htm. Historical ECEC data are availabl e in three listings, all available at http://www.bls.go v/ect/#tables. The earliest historical listi ng covers data for the March reference periods from 1986 to 2001. These data use the Standard Industrial Classifi cation (SIC) and Census of Popul ation occupational classification systems. A second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and December reference periods from March 2002 to December 2003. These data are al so based on the SIC and Census of Population occupational classification systems. The most recent listing includes data from March 2004 to the current reference period. These are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) systems. Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining st atus series by industry group are available at http://www .bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf and http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc26.pdf. Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in th e most recent news release and supplementary tables are available at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/sp ecial.requests/ocwc/ect/ececrse.pdf and http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— Telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at: www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.

## - 4 - 

# TECHNICAL NOTE
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) meas ures the average cost to employers for wages and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked. ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private i ndustry and state and local government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private household workers. Federal government workers are excluded fr om the public sector. The private industry series and the state and local government series pr ovide data for the two sectors separately. The cost levels for this quarter were collectedfrom a probability sample of approximately 45,900 occupations selected from a sample of about 9,200 establishments in private industry and approximately 9,100 occupations from a sample of about 1,400 establishments in state and local government. Comparing private and public sector data Compensation cost levels in state and local governmen t should not be directly compared with levels in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities and occupational structures. Manufac turing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry work activities but are rare in state and local government . Professional and administrative support occupations (including teac hers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government workforce, compared with one-half of private industry. ECEC quarterly publication focus ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing civilian, private industry, and state and local government cost per hour estimates as well as additio nal detail on a specific compensation cost topic of interest. This quarter focuses on employer compensati on costs in select ed metropolitan areas and health benefit costs in private industry. T opics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows:

 June 2013—Retirement and savings be nefit costs in private industry

 September 2013—Compensation costs in state and local government

 December 2013— Paid leave and legally requi red benefit costs in private industry
ECEC detailed information and measures For detailed information on Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, see Chapter 8 ,” National Compensation Measures ,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods at: http://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.

### Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, March 2013**

Compensation

component Occupational group

All workers 1 Management, professional, and related Sales and office Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $31.09 100.0 $51.26 100.0 $23.37 100.0 $16.67 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.50 69.1 35.58 69.4 16.39 70.1 11.83 71.0 Total benefits ........................................................ 9.59 30.9 15.68 30.6 6.98 29.9 4.84 29.0

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.17 7.0 4.12 8.0 1.51 6.4 0.89 5.4

Vacation ........................................................ 1.06 3.4 1.99 3.9 0.74 3.2 0.42 2.5 Holiday .......................................................... 0.66 2.1 1.20 2.3 0.47 2.0 0.28 1.7 Sick ............................................................... 0.33 1.1 0.70 1.4 0.21 0.9 0.15 0.9 Personal ....................................................... 0.12 0.4 0.24 0.5 0.09 0.4 0.05 0.3 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.73 2.4 1.18 2.3 0.48 2.0 0.30 1.8

Overtime and premium 4 ............................... 0.23 0.8 0.14 0.3 0.14 0.6 0.16 1.0 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.44 1.4 0.96 1.9 0.32 1.4 0.09 0.6
Insurance .......................................................... 2.81 9.0 4.24 8.3 2.34 10.0 1.41 8.4

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 Health ........................................................... 2.67 8.6 4.00 7.8 2.24 9.6 1.36 8.2 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.07 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.02 0.1 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.03 0.1 5 ( ) 6 ( ) Retirement and savings .................................... 1.47 4.7 2.77 5.4 0.81 3.5 0.67 4.0

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.90 2.9 1.67 3.3 0.39 1.7 0.53 3.2 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.57 1.8 1.10 2.1 0.42 1.8 0.15 0.9 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.41 7.8 3.36 6.5 1.85 7.9 1.57 9.4

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.74 5.6 2.77 5.4 1.36 5.8 0.98 5.9

Social Security 7 ........................................ 1.39 4.5 2.18 4.3 1.10 4.7 0.79 4.7 Medicare ................................................... 0.35 1.1 0.59 1.1 0.27 1.1 0.19 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 6 ( ) 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.2 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.22 0.7 0.20 0.4 0.21 0.9 0.19 1.1 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.42 1.4 0.36 0.7 0.24 1.0 0.36 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.



## - 5 -

### Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, March 2013 — Continued**

Compensation

component Occupational group Industry group
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance Production, transportation, and material moving Goodsproducing 2 Serviceproviding 3

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $32.78 100.0 $25.15 100.0 $34.58 100.0 $30.50 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.88 66.8 16.65 66.2 23.06 66.7 21.24 69.6 Total benefits ........................................................ 10.90 33.2 8.50 33.8 11.52 33.3 9.27 30.4

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.88 5.8 1.50 6.0 2.29 6.6 2.15 7.1

Vacation ........................................................ 0.94 2.9 0.77 3.1 1.20 3.5 1.03 3.4 Holiday .......................................................... 0.62 1.9 0.50 2.0 0.80 2.3 0.64 2.1 Sick ............................................................... 0.21 0.6 0.17 0.7 0.21 0.6 0.35 1.2 Personal ....................................................... 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.13 0.4 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.90 2.8 0.87 3.4 1.34 3.9 0.63 2.1

Overtime and premium 4 ............................... 0.63 1.9 0.51 2.0 0.55 1.6 0.18 0.6 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.22 0.7 0.27 1.1 0.71 2.0 0.40 1.3
Insurance .......................................................... 3.03 9.3 2.76 11.0 3.30 9.6 2.72 8.9

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 Health ........................................................... 2.87 8.7 2.61 10.4 3.11 9.0 2.59 8.5 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 Retirement and savings .................................... 1.97 6.0 0.96 3.8 1.59 4.6 1.45 4.8

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.40 4.3 0.57 2.3 0.85 2.5 0.91 3.0 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.57 1.7 0.39 1.6 0.74 2.1 0.54 1.8 Legally required benefits .................................. 3.10 9.5 2.42 9.6 3.00 8.7 2.31 7.6

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.85 5.6 1.42 5.6 1.95 5.6 1.70 5.6

Social Security 7 ........................................ 1.49 4.6 1.14 4.5 1.57 4.5 1.35 4.4 Medicare ................................................... 0.36 1.1 0.27 1.1 0.38 1.1 0.35 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.27 0.8 0.26 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.20 0.7 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.95 2.9 0.71 2.8 0.71 2.0 0.38 1.2

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government.

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.

3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. 4 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent. 7 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 6 -

### Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2013**

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked

Civilian workers 1 ....................................................... $31.09 $21.50 $9.59 $2.17 $0.73 $2.81 $1.47 $2.41 **Occupational group** Management, professional, and related ....... 51.26 35.58 15.68 4.12 1.18 4.24 2.77 3.36

Management, business, and financial ...... 58.59 40.37 18.23 5.35 1.94 4.28 2.84 3.82 Professional and related ........................... 48.20 33.59 14.62 3.62 0.87 4.23 2.74 3.16

Teachers 2 ............................................. 55.06 39.03 16.03 2.75 0.15 5.47 4.51 3.15

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers .............. 55.09 38.36 16.74 2.44 0.16 6.34 4.87 2.93 Registered nurses ................................ 48.70 34.15 14.56 3.85 1.40 3.84 1.90 3.56 Sales and office ............................................ 23.37 16.39 6.98 1.51 0.48 2.34 0.81 1.85

Sales and related ...................................... 21.63 16.13 5.50 1.16 0.50 1.52 0.52 1.80 Office and administrative support ............. 24.37 16.54 7.83 1.71 0.47 2.80 0.98 1.88 Service .......................................................... 16.67 11.83 4.84 0.89 0.30 1.41 0.67 1.57 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............................................... 32.78 21.88 10.90 1.88 0.90 3.03 1.97 3.10 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry 3 ........................................... 33.42 22.07 11.35 1.51 0.91 3.04 2.47 3.41 Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 32.23 21.72 10.51 2.21 0.89 3.03 1.54 2.84 Production, transportation, and material moving ........................................................ 25.15 16.65 8.50 1.50 0.87 2.76 0.96 2.42 Production ................................................ 25.71 16.94 8.77 1.63 1.08 2.85 0.82 2.38 Transportation and material moving ......... 24.64 16.39 8.25 1.38 0.67 2.68 1.08 2.44 **Industry group**
Education and health services ...................... 35.68 24.78 10.90 2.49 0.42 3.55 2.02 2.42

Educational services ................................. 43.71 30.01 13.70 2.66 0.16 4.88 3.45 2.56

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 43.43 29.60 13.84 2.23 0.16 5.33 3.71 2.41 Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ......................................... 47.58 32.86 14.72 3.88 0.16 4.35 3.38 2.96 Health care and social assistance ............ 30.00 21.08 8.92 2.36 0.61 2.62 1.01 2.32

Hospitals ............................................... 40.06 26.79 13.27 3.51 1.12 4.10 1.75 2.80 Percent of total compensation

Civilian workers 1 ....................................................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 7.0 2.4 9.0 4.7 7.8 **Occupational group** Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 69.4 30.6 8.0 2.3 8.3 5.4 6.5

Management, business, and financial ...... 100.0 68.9 31.1 9.1 3.3 7.3 4.8 6.5 Professional and related ........................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 7.5 1.8 8.8 5.7 6.6

Teachers 2 ............................................. 100.0 70.9 29.1 5.0 0.3 9.9 8.2 5.7

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers .............. 100.0 69.6 30.4 4.4 0.3 11.5 8.8 5.3 Registered nurses ................................ 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.9 2.9 7.9 3.9 7.3 Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 70.1 29.9 6.4 2.0 10.0 3.5 7.9

Sales and related ...................................... 100.0 74.6 25.4 5.3 2.3 7.0 2.4 8.3 Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 67.9 32.1 7.0 1.9 11.5 4.0 7.7 Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.0 29.0 5.4 1.8 8.4 4.0 9.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............................................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 5.8 2.8 9.3 6.0 9.5 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry 3 ........................................... 100.0 66.0 34.0 4.5 2.7 9.1 7.4 10.2 Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 100.0 67.4 32.6 6.8 2.8 9.4 4.8 8.8 Production, transportation, and material moving ........................................................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.0 3.4 11.0 3.8 9.6 Production ................................................ 100.0 65.9 34.1 6.3 4.2 11.1 3.2 9.3 Transportation and material moving ......... 100.0 66.5 33.5 5.6 2.7 10.9 4.4 9.9 **Industry group**
Education and health services ...................... 100.0 69.4 30.6 7.0 1.2 10.0 5.7 6.8

Educational services ................................. 100.0 68.7 31.3 6.1 0.4 11.2 7.9 5.9

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 68.1 31.9 5.1 0.4 12.3 8.5 5.6 Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ......................................... 100.0 69.1 30.9 8.1 0.3 9.1 7.1 6.2 Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 70.3 29.7 7.9 2.0 8.7 3.4 7.7

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 66.9 33.1 8.8 2.8 10.2 4.4 7.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government.

2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 

## - 7 -

### Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and loc **al government workers, by major occupational and industry group, March 2013** 

Compensation

component Occupational group 1 Industry group

All workers Management, professional, and related Sales and office Service Service-providing 2

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $42.12 100.0 $51.19 100.0 $28.96 100.0 $31.17 100.0 $42.17 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 27.27 64.8 34.46 67.3 17.48 60.4 18.37 58.9 27.33 64.8 Total benefits ........................................................ 14.85 35.2 16.73 32.7 11.47 39.6 12.80 41.1 14.84 35.2

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.09 7.3 3.43 6.7 2.52 8.7 2.72 8.7 3.08 7.3

Vacation ........................................................ 1.15 2.7 1.14 2.2 1.12 3.9 1.16 3.7 1.15 2.7 Holiday .......................................................... 0.90 2.1 0.95 1.9 0.79 2.7 0.86 2.8 0.90 2.1 Sick ............................................................... 0.81 1.9 1.03 2.0 0.49 1.7 0.56 1.8 0.81 1.9 Personal ....................................................... 0.23 0.5 0.31 0.6 0.12 0.4 0.13 0.4 0.23 0.5 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.33 0.8 0.24 0.5 0.19 0.7 0.56 1.8 0.33 0.8

Overtime and premium 3 ............................... 0.18 0.4 0.07 0.1 0.12 0.4 0.38 1.2 0.18 0.4 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.04 0.1 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.11 0.3 0.14 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.11 0.3
Insurance .......................................................... 5.10 12.1 5.65 11.0 4.52 15.6 4.19 13.4 5.10 12.1

Life ................................................................ 0.09 0.2 0.12 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 Health ........................................................... 4.94 11.7 5.44 10.6 4.42 15.3 4.09 13.1 4.94 11.7 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 Retirement and savings .................................... 3.78 9.0 4.47 8.7 2.39 8.2 3.25 10.4 3.78 9.0

Defined benefit ............................................. 3.45 8.2 4.04 7.9 2.16 7.4 3.05 9.8 3.44 8.2 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.33 0.8 0.44 0.9 0.23 0.8 0.20 0.6 0.34 0.8 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.55 6.0 2.93 5.7 1.85 6.4 2.09 6.7 2.55 6.0

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.91 4.5 2.33 4.6 1.37 4.7 1.34 4.3 1.91 4.5

Social Security 4 ........................................ 1.48 3.5 1.79 3.5 1.08 3.7 1.04 3.3 1.48 3.5 Medicare ................................................... 0.44 1.0 0.54 1.1 0.29 1.0 0.30 1.0 0.44 1.0 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) State unemployment insurance .................... 0.12 0.3 0.13 0.2 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.12 0.3 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.51 1.2 0.47 0.9 0.36 1.3 0.63 2.0 0.51 1.2

1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters.

2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government workforce.

3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 8 -

### Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2013**

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked
State and local government workers ........................ $42.12 $27.27 $14.85 $3.09 $0.33 $5.10 $3.78 $2.55 **Occupational group** Management, professional, and related ....... 51.19 34.46 16.73 3.43 0.24 5.65 4.47 2.93

Professional and related ........................... 50.28 34.07 16.21 3.11 0.24 5.61 4.43 2.82

Teachers 1 ............................................. 57.53 40.26 17.26 2.82 0.14 6.06 5.14 3.10

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers .............. 57.90 40.14 17.76 2.51 0.16 6.77 5.36 2.96 Sales and office ............................................ 28.96 17.48 11.47 2.52 0.19 4.52 2.39 1.85

Office and administrative support ............. 29.15 17.55 11.60 2.56 0.19 4.59 2.41 1.85 Service .......................................................... 31.17 18.37 12.80 2.72 0.56 4.19 3.25 2.09 **Industry group**
Education and health services ...................... 44.10 29.60 14.50 2.77 0.21 5.27 3.75 2.49

Educational services ................................. 44.77 30.24 14.53 2.62 0.15 5.36 3.91 2.48

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 44.30 29.97 14.33 2.26 0.16 5.56 3.95 2.40 Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ......................................... 46.71 31.49 15.23 3.87 0.13 4.59 3.87 2.76 Health care and social assistance ............ 39.82 25.54 14.28 3.69 0.58 4.70 2.73 2.58

Hospitals ............................................... 44.44 28.76 15.68 4.21 0.74 5.05 2.95 2.71 Public administration .................................... 40.14 24.10 16.04 3.78 0.55 4.97 4.07 2.67 Percent of total compensation
State and local government workers ........................ 100.0 64.8 35.2 7.3 0.8 12.1 9.0 6.0 **Occupational group** Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 67.3 32.7 6.7 0.5 11.0 8.7 5.7

Professional and related ........................... 100.0 67.8 32.2 6.2 0.5 11.2 8.8 5.6

Teachers 1 ............................................. 100.0 70.0 30.0 4.9 0.2 10.5 8.9 5.4

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers .............. 100.0 69.3 30.7 4.3 0.3 11.7 9.3 5.1 Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 60.4 39.6 8.7 0.7 15.6 8.2 6.4

Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 60.2 39.8 8.8 0.7 15.8 8.3 6.3 Service .......................................................... 100.0 58.9 41.1 8.7 1.8 13.4 10.4 6.7 **Industry group**
Education and health services ...................... 100.0 67.1 32.9 6.3 0.5 12.0 8.5 5.7

Educational services ................................. 100.0 67.5 32.5 5.9 0.3 12.0 8.7 5.5

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 67.7 32.3 5.1 0.4 12.6 8.9 5.4 Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ......................................... 100.0 67.4 32.6 8.3 0.3 9.8 8.3 5.9 Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 64.1 35.9 9.3 1.5 11.8 6.9 6.5

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 64.7 35.3 9.5 1.7 11.4 6.6 6.1 Public administration .................................... 100.0 60.0 40.0 9.4 1.4 12.4 10.1 6.7

1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 9 -

### Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, March 2013** 

Compensation component Occupational group

All workers Management, professional, and related Sales and office Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $29.13 100.0 $51.28 100.0 $22.86 100.0 $14.19 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 20.47 70.3 36.02 70.2 16.29 71.3 10.71 75.5 Total benefits ........................................................ 8.66 29.7 15.27 29.8 6.57 28.7 3.47 24.5

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.01 6.9 4.40 8.6 1.41 6.2 0.58 4.1

Vacation ........................................................ 1.04 3.6 2.32 4.5 0.71 3.1 0.29 2.0 Holiday .......................................................... 0.62 2.1 1.29 2.5 0.44 1.9 0.18 1.3 Sick ............................................................... 0.25 0.8 0.57 1.1 0.18 0.8 0.07 0.5 Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.4 0.22 0.4 0.08 0.4 0.03 0.2 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.81 2.8 1.55 3.0 0.50 2.2 0.25 1.8

Overtime and premium 1 ............................... 0.24 0.8 0.16 0.3 0.14 0.6 0.12 0.9 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.11 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.3 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.50 1.7 1.27 2.5 0.34 1.5 0.09 0.6
Insurance .......................................................... 2.40 8.2 3.69 7.2 2.14 9.3 0.93 6.5

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( ) Health ........................................................... 2.26 7.8 3.44 6.7 2.04 8.9 0.90 6.3 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.04 0.2 2 ( ) 3 ( ) Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( ) Retirement and savings .................................... 1.06 3.6 2.10 4.1 0.67 2.9 0.23 1.6

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.45 1.5 0.75 1.5 0.23 1.0 0.09 0.7 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.61 2.1 1.36 2.6 0.44 1.9 0.14 1.0 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.39 8.2 3.52 6.9 1.85 8.1 1.48 10.4

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.71 5.9 2.94 5.7 1.36 6.0 0.92 6.5

Social Security 4 ........................................ 1.37 4.7 2.34 4.6 1.10 4.8 0.74 5.2 Medicare ................................................... 0.34 1.2 0.60 1.2 0.26 1.1 0.17 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.3 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.23 0.8 0.24 0.5 0.22 1.0 0.20 1.4 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.41 1.4 0.32 0.6 0.23 1.0 0.32 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.



## - 10 -

### Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, March 2013 — Continued** 

Compensation

component Occupational group Bargaining unit status
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance Production, transportation, and material moving Union Nonunion

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $32.43 100.0 $24.88 100.0 $40.43 100.0 $28.02 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.91 67.6 16.57 66.6 24.17 59.8 20.11 71.8 Total benefits ........................................................ 10.52 32.4 8.31 33.4 16.27 40.2 7.91 28.2

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.74 5.4 1.46 5.9 2.87 7.1 1.92 6.9

Vacation ........................................................ 0.88 2.7 0.77 3.1 1.48 3.7 1.00 3.6 Holiday .......................................................... 0.58 1.8 0.49 2.0 0.82 2.0 0.60 2.1 Sick ............................................................... 0.17 0.5 0.15 0.6 0.40 1.0 0.23 0.8 Personal ....................................................... 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.16 0.4 0.10 0.4 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.94 2.9 0.88 3.5 1.29 3.2 0.76 2.7

Overtime and premium 1 ............................... 0.65 2.0 0.52 2.1 0.74 1.8 0.20 0.7 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.17 0.4 0.05 0.2 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.24 0.7 0.28 1.1 0.37 0.9 0.51 1.8
Insurance .......................................................... 2.84 8.8 2.67 10.7 5.56 13.8 2.09 7.5

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1 Health ........................................................... 2.68 8.3 2.51 10.1 5.23 12.9 1.97 7.0 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.09 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.16 0.4 0.04 0.2 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.04 0.1 Retirement and savings .................................... 1.82 5.6 0.88 3.6 3.21 7.9 0.85 3.0

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.22 3.7 0.48 1.9 2.39 5.9 0.26 0.9 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.61 1.9 0.40 1.6 0.82 2.0 0.59 2.1 Legally required benefits .................................. 3.17 9.8 2.42 9.7 3.34 8.3 2.29 8.2

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.86 5.7 1.41 5.7 2.11 5.2 1.67 5.9

Social Security 4 ........................................ 1.51 4.6 1.14 4.6 1.70 4.2 1.34 4.8 Medicare ................................................... 0.36 1.1 0.27 1.1 0.41 1.0 0.33 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.29 0.9 0.26 1.1 0.32 0.8 0.23 0.8 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.98 3.0 0.71 2.8 0.88 2.2 0.36 1.3

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 11 -

### Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private indus **try workers, by major industry group, March 2013** 

Compensation

component Goods-producing 1 Service-providing 2

All goodsproducing 1 Construction Manufacturing Allserviceproviding 2 Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $34.55 100.0 $34.43 100.0 $33.79 100.0 $28.04 100.0 $24.55 100.0 $46.58 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.08 66.8 23.92 69.5 22.22 65.8 19.95 71.1 17.28 70.4 30.52 65.5 Total benefits ........................................................ 11.48 33.2 10.51 30.5 11.57 34.2 8.09 28.9 7.26 29.6 16.06 34.5

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.27 6.6 1.49 4.3 2.53 7.5 1.95 7.0 1.48 6.0 4.15 8.9

Vacation ........................................................ 1.20 3.5 0.76 2.2 1.34 4.0 1.01 3.6 0.78 3.2 2.16 4.6 Holiday .......................................................... 0.79 2.3 0.55 1.6 0.87 2.6 0.58 2.1 0.44 1.8 1.06 2.3 Sick ............................................................... 0.20 0.6 0.13 0.4 0.23 0.7 0.26 0.9 0.19 0.8 0.49 1.1 Personal ....................................................... 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.07 0.3 0.44 0.9 Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.35 3.9 0.95 2.8 1.44 4.3 0.70 2.5 0.57 2.3 1.46 3.1

Overtime and premium 3 ............................... 0.55 1.6 0.60 1.7 0.52 1.5 0.18 0.7 0.25 1.0 0.31 0.7 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.08 0.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.12 0.4 0.06 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.1 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.71 2.1 0.34 1.0 0.80 2.4 0.46 1.6 0.30 1.2 1.10 2.4
Insurance .......................................................... 3.29 9.5 2.64 7.7 3.54 10.5 2.22 7.9 2.19 8.9 4.51 9.7

Life ................................................................ 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.1 Health ........................................................... 3.10 9.0 2.51 7.3 3.33 9.9 2.09 7.5 2.07 8.4 4.19 9.0 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.20 0.4 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.07 0.1 Retirement and savings .................................... 1.56 4.5 1.92 5.6 1.30 3.8 0.96 3.4 0.88 3.6 2.76 5.9

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.82 2.4 1.22 3.5 0.58 1.7 0.38 1.3 0.44 1.8 1.58 3.4 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.74 2.2 0.71 2.1 0.72 2.1 0.58 2.1 0.44 1.8 1.18 2.5 Legally required benefits .................................. 3.00 8.7 3.51 10.2 2.77 8.2 2.26 8.1 2.15 8.8 3.19 6.8

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.95 5.6 1.96 5.7 1.91 5.7 1.66 5.9 1.43 5.8 2.62 5.6

Social Security 6 ........................................ 1.57 4.5 1.58 4.6 1.54 4.6 1.33 4.7 1.15 4.7 2.10 4.5 Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.1 0.38 1.1 0.37 1.1 0.33 1.2 0.28 1.1 0.52 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.31 0.9 0.38 1.1 0.29 0.9 0.22 0.8 0.21 0.8 0.24 0.5 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.71 2.0 1.13 3.3 0.53 1.6 0.35 1.2 0.47 1.9 0.29 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.



## - 12 -

### Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: **Private industry workers, by major industry group, March 2013 — Continued**

Compensation

component Service-providing 2

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Other services

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $40.47 100.0 $35.21 100.0 $30.57 100.0 $12.40 100.0 $24.88 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 27.20 67.2 25.41 72.2 21.85 71.5 9.79 79.0 18.10 72.7 Total benefits ........................................................ 13.27 32.8 9.79 27.8 8.72 28.5 2.61 21.0 6.78 27.3

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.36 8.3 2.64 7.5 2.32 7.6 0.39 3.2 1.49 6.0

Vacation ........................................................ 1.73 4.3 1.37 3.9 1.17 3.8 0.22 1.7 0.71 2.9 Holiday .......................................................... 0.99 2.4 0.82 2.3 0.67 2.2 0.12 1.0 0.49 2.0 Sick ............................................................... 0.47 1.2 0.32 0.9 0.34 1.1 0.04 0.3 0.21 0.8 Personal ....................................................... 0.17 0.4 0.13 0.4 0.14 0.5 0.02 0.1 0.07 0.3 Supplemental pay ............................................. 2.12 5.2 0.84 2.4 0.55 1.8 0.14 1.2 0.31 1.3

Overtime and premium 3 ............................... 0.14 0.4 0.17 0.5 0.20 0.6 0.07 0.6 0.12 0.5 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.02 5 ( ) 0.02 0.1 0.20 0.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 ( ) Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 1.96 4.8 0.65 1.8 0.16 0.5 0.07 0.5 0.19 0.7
Insurance .......................................................... 3.44 8.5 2.46 7.0 2.51 8.2 0.59 4.7 1.81 7.3

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.03 0.1 Health ........................................................... 3.22 7.9 2.29 6.5 2.39 7.8 0.56 4.5 1.72 6.9 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.03 0.1 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 0.02 0.1 Retirement and savings .................................... 1.64 4.1 1.14 3.2 0.97 3.2 0.14 1.1 0.98 3.9

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.49 1.2 0.40 1.1 0.28 0.9 0.05 0.4 0.53 2.1 Defined contribution ...................................... 1.15 2.8 0.75 2.1 0.69 2.2 0.09 0.7 0.44 1.8 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.70 6.7 2.71 7.7 2.37 7.8 1.35 10.9 2.20 8.8

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.24 5.5 2.08 5.9 1.82 5.9 0.85 6.9 1.50 6.0

Social Security 6 ........................................ 1.77 4.4 1.66 4.7 1.46 4.8 0.69 5.6 1.21 4.9 Medicare ................................................... 0.47 1.2 0.42 1.2 0.36 1.2 0.16 1.3 0.29 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.4 0.03 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.23 0.6 0.26 0.7 0.19 0.6 0.20 1.6 0.27 1.1 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.20 0.5 0.33 0.9 0.34 1.1 0.25 2.0 0.39 1.6

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.

2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Less than .05 percent. 6 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 13 -

### Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: **Private industry workers, by census region and division, March 2013**

Compensation

component Census region and division 1
Northeast Northeast divisions South South divisions

Cost Percent New England Middle Atlantic Cost Percent South Atlantic

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $33.43 100.0 $35.01 100.0 $32.86 100.0 $26.60 100.0 $27.00 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.01 68.8 24.45 69.8 22.50 68.5 19.05 71.6 19.44 72.0 Total benefits ........................................................ 10.41 31.2 10.56 30.2 10.36 31.5 7.55 28.4 7.56 28.0

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.50 7.5 2.55 7.3 2.48 7.5 1.77 6.7 1.84 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 1.26 3.8 1.31 3.7 1.24 3.8 0.90 3.4 0.95 3.5 Holiday .......................................................... 0.75 2.2 0.79 2.3 0.73 2.2 0.56 2.1 0.57 2.1 Sick ............................................................... 0.33 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.34 1.0 0.21 0.8 0.22 0.8 Personal ....................................................... 0.16 0.5 0.14 0.4 0.16 0.5 0.09 0.4 0.10 0.4 Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.02 3.1 0.95 2.7 1.05 3.2 0.76 2.9 0.66 2.4

Overtime and premium 2 ............................... 0.24 0.7 0.25 0.7 0.24 0.7 0.27 1.0 0.22 0.8 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.07 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.71 2.1 0.62 1.8 0.75 2.3 0.43 1.6 0.38 1.4
Insurance .......................................................... 2.89 8.7 2.88 8.2 2.90 8.8 2.04 7.7 2.04 7.6

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 Health ........................................................... 2.71 8.1 2.70 7.7 2.71 8.3 1.92 7.2 1.92 7.1 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.09 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.09 0.3 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.2 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 Retirement and savings .................................... 1.27 3.8 1.39 4.0 1.23 3.7 0.85 3.2 0.87 3.2

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.56 1.7 0.60 1.7 0.54 1.7 0.32 1.2 0.32 1.2 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.71 2.1 0.79 2.3 0.68 2.1 0.53 2.0 0.55 2.0 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.72 8.1 2.79 8.0 2.70 8.2 2.12 8.0 2.15 8.0

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.91 5.7 2.02 5.8 1.87 5.7 1.60 6.0 1.62 6.0

Social Security 3 ........................................ 1.53 4.6 1.62 4.6 1.49 4.5 1.29 4.8 1.30 4.8 Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.1 0.40 1.1 0.38 1.2 0.31 1.2 0.32 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.33 1.0 0.33 0.9 0.33 1.0 0.16 0.6 0.17 0.6 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.45 1.3 0.41 1.2 0.46 1.4 0.33 1.2 0.32 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.



## - 14 -

### Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: **Private industry workers, by census region and division, March 2013 — Continued**

Compensation

component Census region and division 1
South divisions Midwest Midwest divisions East South

Central West South Central Cost Percent East North Central West North Central Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $24.71 100.0 $26.73 100.0 $27.93 100.0 $28.26 100.0 $27.27 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 17.46 70.6 19.08 71.4 19.41 69.5 19.44 68.8 19.34 70.9 Total benefits ........................................................ 7.26 29.4 7.65 28.6 8.52 30.5 8.81 31.2 7.93 29.1

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.60 6.5 1.72 6.4 1.86 6.7 1.87 6.6 1.83 6.7

Vacation ........................................................ 0.81 3.3 0.86 3.2 1.00 3.6 1.00 3.5 0.98 3.6 Holiday .......................................................... 0.52 2.1 0.56 2.1 0.58 2.1 0.58 2.0 0.57 2.1 Sick ............................................................... 0.18 0.7 0.21 0.8 0.20 0.7 0.19 0.7 0.21 0.8 Personal ....................................................... 0.08 0.3 0.09 0.3 0.09 0.3 0.10 0.4 0.07 0.3 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.74 3.0 0.94 3.5 0.76 2.7 0.85 3.0 0.58 2.1

Overtime and premium 2 ............................... 0.30 1.2 0.34 1.3 0.24 0.9 0.27 0.9 0.19 0.7 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.07 0.3 0.08 0.3 0.05 0.2 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.38 1.5 0.55 2.0 0.44 1.6 0.50 1.8 0.33 1.2
Insurance .......................................................... 2.08 8.4 2.03 7.6 2.54 9.1 2.65 9.4 2.32 8.5

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 Health ........................................................... 1.95 7.9 1.92 7.2 2.40 8.6 2.51 8.9 2.18 8.0 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.2 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.2 Retirement and savings .................................... 0.81 3.3 0.85 3.2 1.08 3.9 1.12 4.0 1.00 3.7

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.37 1.5 0.31 1.1 0.50 1.8 0.57 2.0 0.35 1.3 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.44 1.8 0.54 2.0 0.58 2.1 0.55 2.0 0.65 2.4 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.03 8.2 2.11 7.9 2.28 8.2 2.32 8.2 2.20 8.1

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.49 6.0 1.60 6.0 1.63 5.8 1.64 5.8 1.60 5.9

Social Security 3 ........................................ 1.20 4.9 1.29 4.8 1.31 4.7 1.32 4.7 1.28 4.7 Medicare ................................................... 0.29 1.2 0.32 1.2 0.32 1.1 0.32 1.1 0.32 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.15 0.6 0.16 0.6 0.24 0.9 0.25 0.9 0.23 0.8 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.36 1.5 0.33 1.2 0.38 1.4 0.39 1.4 0.35 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.



## - 15 -

### Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a **percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by census region and division, March 2013 — Continued** 

Compensation

component Census region and division 1
West West divisions

Cost Percent Mountain Pacific

Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $30.54 100.0 $27.78 100.0 $31.80 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 21.58 70.6 19.86 71.5 22.35 70.3 Total benefits ........................................................ 8.97 29.4 7.92 28.5 9.44 29.7

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.10 6.9 1.94 7.0 2.18 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 1.11 3.6 1.05 3.8 1.13 3.6 Holiday .......................................................... 0.63 2.1 0.54 1.9 0.67 2.1 Sick ............................................................... 0.28 0.9 0.24 0.9 0.30 0.9 Personal ....................................................... 0.08 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.08 0.2 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.73 2.4 0.69 2.5 0.76 2.4

Overtime and premium 2 ............................... 0.21 0.7 0.21 0.8 0.22 0.7 Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.48 1.6 0.44 1.6 0.50 1.6
Insurance .......................................................... 2.36 7.7 2.01 7.2 2.52 7.9

Life ................................................................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 Health ........................................................... 2.25 7.4 1.91 6.9 2.40 7.6 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 Retirement and savings .................................... 1.16 3.8 1.04 3.8 1.22 3.8

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.50 1.6 0.32 1.2 0.58 1.8 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.66 2.2 0.72 2.6 0.63 2.0 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.60 8.5 2.23 8.0 2.77 8.7

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.78 5.8 1.62 5.8 1.85 5.8

Social Security 3 ........................................ 1.42 4.7 1.30 4.7 1.48 4.7 Medicare ................................................... 0.35 1.2 0.33 1.2 0.37 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.25 0.8 0.19 0.7 0.28 0.9 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.54 1.8 0.39 1.4 0.60 1.9

1 The States that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 16 -

### Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private indus **try workers, by establishment employment size, March 2013** 

Compensation

component 1-99 workers 100 workers or more

1-99 workers 1-49 workers 50-99 workers 100 workers or more 100-499 workers 500 workers or more Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation .................................................. $23.92 100.0 $23.04 100.0 $26.84 100.0 $35.25 100.0 $29.71 100.0 $43.05 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 17.70 74.0 17.22 74.7 19.28 71.8 23.73 67.3 20.53 69.1 28.24 65.6 Total benefits ........................................................ 6.22 26.0 5.82 25.3 7.56 28.2 11.52 32.7 9.18 30.9 14.80 34.4

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.39 5.8 1.28 5.5 1.76 6.6 2.74 7.8 2.11 7.1 3.62 8.4

Vacation ........................................................ 0.71 3.0 0.64 2.8 0.92 3.4 1.43 4.1 1.10 3.7 1.90 4.4 Holiday .......................................................... 0.45 1.9 0.42 1.8 0.54 2.0 0.81 2.3 0.64 2.2 1.05 2.4 Sick ............................................................... 0.16 0.7 0.15 0.7 0.20 0.7 0.35 1.0 0.25 0.8 0.48 1.1 Personal ....................................................... 0.07 0.3 0.06 0.3 0.10 0.4 0.15 0.4 0.12 0.4 0.18 0.4 Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.47 2.0 0.42 1.8 0.63 2.3 1.20 3.4 0.77 2.6 1.81 4.2

Overtime and premium 1 ............................... 0.17 0.7 0.15 0.7 0.24 0.9 0.33 0.9 0.29 1.0 0.38 0.9 Shift differentials ........................................... 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 0.03 0.1 0.12 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.20 0.5 Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.28 1.2 0.26 1.1 0.36 1.3 0.75 2.1 0.42 1.4 1.23 2.8
Insurance .......................................................... 1.63 6.8 1.50 6.5 2.04 7.6 3.31 9.4 2.76 9.3 4.08 9.5

Life ................................................................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.1 Health ........................................................... 1.55 6.5 1.43 6.2 1.93 7.2 3.10 8.8 2.60 8.7 3.81 8.9 Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.10 0.2 Long-term disability ...................................... 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.10 0.2 Retirement and savings .................................... 0.60 2.5 0.52 2.3 0.85 3.2 1.60 4.5 1.15 3.9 2.22 5.2

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.22 0.9 0.20 0.9 0.31 1.2 0.72 2.0 0.48 1.6 1.05 2.4 Defined contribution ...................................... 0.38 1.6 0.33 1.4 0.54 2.0 0.88 2.5 0.67 2.3 1.18 2.7 Legally required benefits .................................. 2.14 8.9 2.10 9.1 2.27 8.5 2.68 7.6 2.39 8.1 3.07 7.1

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.46 6.1 1.42 6.2 1.59 5.9 2.00 5.7 1.71 5.8 2.39 5.6

Social Security 4 ........................................ 1.17 4.9 1.15 5.0 1.27 4.7 1.60 4.5 1.38 4.6 1.91 4.4 Medicare ................................................... 0.28 1.2 0.28 1.2 0.31 1.2 0.40 1.1 0.34 1.1 0.48 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 State unemployment insurance .................... 0.23 1.0 0.23 1.0 0.23 0.9 0.23 0.7 0.24 0.8 0.23 0.5 Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.41 1.7 0.40 1.8 0.41 1.5 0.41 1.2 0.41 1.4 0.41 1.0

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 17 -

### Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private **industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, March 2013**

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked

**All workers in private industry** .................................................... $29.13 $20.47 $8.66 $2.01 $0.81 $2.40 $1.06 $2.39 Management, professional, and related ............................. 51.28 36.02 15.27 4.40 1.55 3.69 2.10 3.52

Management, business, and financial ............................ 58.97 40.98 17.98 5.36 2.22 4.02 2.52 3.87 Professional and related ................................................. 47.14 33.34 13.80 3.88 1.19 3.52 1.88 3.34 Sales and office .................................................................. 22.86 16.29 6.57 1.41 0.50 2.14 0.67 1.85

Sales and related ............................................................ 21.60 16.13 5.46 1.15 0.50 1.51 0.51 1.80 Office and administrative support ................................... 23.69 16.40 7.29 1.59 0.51 2.55 0.77 1.88 Service ................................................................................ 14.19 10.71 3.47 0.58 0.25 0.93 0.23 1.48 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 32.43 21.91 10.52 1.74 0.94 2.84 1.82 3.17

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry 1 33.20 22.23 10.97 1.32 0.96 2.85 2.32 3.52 Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 31.79 21.65 10.14 2.09 0.92 2.84 1.41 2.88 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 24.88 16.57 8.31 1.46 0.88 2.67 0.88 2.42

Production ...................................................................... 25.51 16.85 8.66 1.60 1.08 2.82 0.79 2.38 Transportation and material moving ............................... 24.27 16.29 7.98 1.33 0.69 2.52 0.98 2.46 **All workers, goods-producing industries** 2 ......................... 34.55 23.08 11.48 2.27 1.35 3.29 1.56 3.00

Management, professional, and related ............................. 61.80 42.01 19.79 5.40 2.61 4.55 3.05 4.18 Sales and office .................................................................. 27.44 19.11 8.33 1.79 0.72 2.78 0.75 2.28 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 33.54 22.37 11.17 1.44 1.08 2.99 2.17 3.48 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 26.59 17.29 9.31 1.66 1.19 3.11 0.87 2.48 **All workers, service-providing industries** 3 ........................ 28.04 19.95 8.09 1.95 0.70 2.22 0.96 2.26

Management, professional, and related ............................. 49.88 35.21 14.66 4.26 1.41 3.58 1.98 3.44 Sales and office .................................................................. 22.53 16.08 6.44 1.39 0.49 2.09 0.66 1.82 Service ................................................................................ 14.12 10.68 3.44 0.58 0.25 0.92 0.22 1.47 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 31.22 21.41 9.81 2.07 0.78 2.68 1.45 2.83 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 23.44 15.96 7.48 1.30 0.62 2.29 0.90 2.37 Percent of total compensation

**All workers in private industry** .................................................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 6.9 2.8 8.2 3.6 8.2 Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 70.2 29.8 8.6 3.0 7.2 4.1 6.9

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 69.5 30.5 9.1 3.8 6.8 4.3 6.6 Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 70.7 29.3 8.2 2.5 7.5 4.0 7.1 Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 71.3 28.7 6.2 2.2 9.3 2.9 8.1

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 74.7 25.3 5.3 2.3 7.0 2.4 8.3 Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 69.2 30.8 6.7 2.1 10.8 3.2 7.9 Service ................................................................................ 100.0 75.5 24.5 4.1 1.8 6.5 1.6 10.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.6 32.4 5.4 2.9 8.8 5.6 9.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry 1 100.0 67.0 33.0 4.0 2.9 8.6 7.0 10.6 Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 68.1 31.9 6.6 2.9 8.9 4.4 9.1 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 66.6 33.4 5.9 3.5 10.7 3.6 9.7

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 66.0 34.0 6.3 4.2 11.0 3.1 9.3 Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 67.1 32.9 5.5 2.8 10.4 4.0 10.1 **All workers, goods-producing industries** 2 ......................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.6 3.9 9.5 4.5 8.7

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 68.0 32.0 8.7 4.2 7.4 4.9 6.8 Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 69.6 30.4 6.5 2.6 10.1 2.7 8.3 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 66.7 33.3 4.3 3.2 8.9 6.5 10.4 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 65.0 35.0 6.2 4.5 11.7 3.3 9.3 **All workers, service-providing industries** 3 ........................ 100.0 71.1 28.9 7.0 2.5 7.9 3.4 8.1

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 70.6 29.4 8.5 2.8 7.2 4.0 6.9 Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 71.4 28.6 6.2 2.2 9.3 2.9 8.1 Service ................................................................................ 100.0 75.6 24.4 4.1 1.8 6.5 1.6 10.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 68.6 31.4 6.6 2.5 8.6 4.6 9.1 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 68.1 31.9 5.5 2.7 9.8 3.8 10.1

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006.

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.

3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 18 -

### Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private **industry workers, by industry group, March 2013**

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked

**All workers, goods-producing industries** 1 ......................... $34.55 $23.08 $11.48 $2.27 $1.35 $3.29 $1.56 $3.00

Construction ....................................................................... 34.43 23.92 10.51 1.49 0.95 2.64 1.92 3.51 Manufacturing ..................................................................... 33.79 22.22 11.57 2.53 1.44 3.54 1.30 2.77

Aircraft manufacturing 2 ................................................... 66.63 41.28 25.35 6.15 3.39 6.57 5.04 4.21 **All workers, service-providing industries** 3 ........................ 28.04 19.95 8.09 1.95 0.70 2.22 0.96 2.26

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 24.55 17.28 7.26 1.48 0.57 2.19 0.88 2.15

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 31.42 22.03 9.38 2.22 0.93 2.68 0.98 2.59 Retail trade ..................................................................... 17.69 13.29 4.40 0.80 0.26 1.33 0.38 1.63 Transportation and warehousing .................................... 35.47 22.92 12.56 2.47 1.01 4.11 1.77 3.19 Utilities ............................................................................ 59.76 36.31 23.45 5.16 2.15 5.61 6.54 4.00 Information .......................................................................... 46.58 30.52 16.06 4.15 1.46 4.51 2.76 3.19 Financial activities .............................................................. 40.47 27.20 13.27 3.36 2.12 3.44 1.64 2.70

Finance and insurance ................................................... 44.14 29.29 14.85 3.82 2.52 3.78 1.93 2.79

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 37.70 25.42 12.28 3.29 1.52 3.36 1.63 2.48 Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 42.00 27.96 14.04 3.69 1.57 3.98 2.01 2.79 Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 28.32 20.28 8.03 1.85 0.78 2.31 0.67 2.42 Professional and business services ................................... 35.21 25.41 9.79 2.64 0.84 2.46 1.14 2.71

Professional and technical services ............................... 45.09 32.40 12.69 3.80 1.05 3.13 1.51 3.19 Administrative and waste services ................................. 22.34 16.76 5.58 1.14 0.44 1.42 0.50 2.08 Education and health services ............................................ 30.57 21.85 8.72 2.32 0.55 2.51 0.97 2.37

Educational services ....................................................... 39.78 29.14 10.64 2.81 0.16 3.10 1.72 2.85

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 49.06 35.19 13.86 3.89 0.21 3.92 2.53 3.30 Health care and social assistance .................................. 29.05 20.65 8.40 2.24 0.61 2.42 0.84 2.29 Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 12.40 9.79 2.61 0.39 0.14 0.59 0.14 1.35

Accommodation and food services ................................. 11.42 9.10 2.32 0.31 0.12 0.50 0.11 1.28 Other services .................................................................... 24.88 18.10 6.78 1.49 0.31 1.81 0.98 2.20 Percent of total compensation

**All workers, goods-producing industries** 1 ......................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.6 3.9 9.5 4.5 8.7

Construction ....................................................................... 100.0 69.5 30.5 4.3 2.8 7.7 5.6 10.2 Manufacturing ..................................................................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 7.5 4.3 10.5 3.8 8.2

Aircraft manufacturing 2 ................................................... 100.0 62.0 38.0 9.2 5.1 9.9 7.6 6.3 **All workers, service-providing industries** 3 ........................ 100.0 71.1 28.9 7.0 2.5 7.9 3.4 8.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 100.0 70.4 29.6 6.0 2.3 8.9 3.6 8.8

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.1 3.0 8.5 3.1 8.2 Retail trade ..................................................................... 100.0 75.1 24.9 4.5 1.5 7.5 2.1 9.2 Transportation and warehousing .................................... 100.0 64.6 35.4 7.0 2.9 11.6 5.0 9.0 Utilities ............................................................................ 100.0 60.8 39.2 8.6 3.6 9.4 10.9 6.7 Information .......................................................................... 100.0 65.5 34.5 8.9 3.1 9.7 5.9 6.8 Financial activities .............................................................. 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.3 5.2 8.5 4.1 6.7

Finance and insurance ................................................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 8.6 5.7 8.6 4.4 6.3

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 100.0 67.4 32.6 8.7 4.0 8.9 4.3 6.6 Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 100.0 66.6 33.4 8.8 3.7 9.5 4.8 6.6 Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 100.0 71.6 28.4 6.5 2.8 8.2 2.3 8.5 Professional and business services ................................... 100.0 72.2 27.8 7.5 2.4 7.0 3.2 7.7

Professional and technical services ............................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 8.4 2.3 6.9 3.4 7.1 Administrative and waste services ................................. 100.0 75.0 25.0 5.1 2.0 6.4 2.2 9.3 Education and health services ............................................ 100.0 71.5 28.5 7.6 1.8 8.2 3.2 7.8

Educational services ....................................................... 100.0 73.3 26.7 7.1 0.4 7.8 4.3 7.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 100.0 71.7 28.3 7.9 0.4 8.0 5.2 6.7 Health care and social assistance .................................. 100.0 71.1 28.9 7.7 2.1 8.3 2.9 7.9 Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 100.0 79.0 21.0 3.2 1.2 4.7 1.1 10.9

Accommodation and food services ................................. 100.0 79.7 20.3 2.7 1.1 4.4 1.0 11.2 Other services .................................................................... 100.0 72.7 27.3 6.0 1.3 7.3 3.9 8.8

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.

2 Data are available beginning with December 2006. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 19 -

### Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private **industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, March 2013**

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked

**All full-time workers in private industry** ................................. $33.92 $23.39 $10.52 $2.55 $1.02 $2.97 $1.34 $2.64 Management, professional, and related ............................. 53.57 37.24 16.32 4.77 1.68 3.99 2.29 3.59

Management, business, and financial ............................ 59.60 41.33 18.27 5.46 2.26 4.10 2.57 3.89 Professional and related ................................................. 49.80 34.69 15.11 4.34 1.31 3.92 2.12 3.41 Sales and office .................................................................. 26.66 18.55 8.11 1.86 0.67 2.71 0.85 2.02

Sales and related ............................................................ 28.78 20.99 7.80 1.84 0.81 2.20 0.78 2.17 Office and administrative support ................................... 25.66 17.41 8.25 1.87 0.60 2.95 0.89 1.95 Service ................................................................................ 17.16 12.26 4.90 0.97 0.40 1.53 0.37 1.62 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 33.31 22.41 10.91 1.83 0.98 2.98 1.91 3.21

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry 1 33.97 22.69 11.28 1.37 1.00 2.95 2.40 3.55 Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 32.75 22.17 10.59 2.22 0.96 3.00 1.49 2.91 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 26.71 17.68 9.03 1.67 1.00 2.87 0.97 2.52

Production ...................................................................... 26.22 17.21 9.01 1.69 1.14 2.94 0.83 2.41 Transportation and material moving ............................... 27.32 18.26 9.07 1.64 0.83 2.79 1.15 2.65 **All part-time workers in private industry** ................................ 15.23 11.99 3.24 0.42 0.18 0.74 0.25 1.65 Management, professional, and related ............................. 33.80 26.62 7.18 1.54 0.55 1.41 0.68 2.99

Professional and related ................................................. 33.47 26.38 7.09 1.49 0.55 1.43 0.65 2.98 Sales and office .................................................................. 13.70 10.84 2.86 0.33 0.11 0.76 0.22 1.44

Sales and related ............................................................ 12.00 9.65 2.35 0.22 0.09 0.58 0.15 1.31 Office and administrative support ................................... 16.02 12.46 3.56 0.49 0.14 0.99 0.31 1.62 Service ................................................................................ 11.22 9.16 2.05 0.19 0.11 0.33 0.09 1.34 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 15.97 11.16 4.81 0.47 0.29 1.65 0.46 1.94

Transportation and material moving ............................... 16.10 11.04 5.06 0.49 0.29 1.80 0.52 1.95 Percent of total compensation

**All full-time workers in private industry** ................................. 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.5 3.0 8.8 3.9 7.8 Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 69.5 30.5 8.9 3.1 7.5 4.3 6.7

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 69.3 30.7 9.2 3.8 6.9 4.3 6.5 Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 69.7 30.3 8.7 2.6 7.9 4.3 6.8 Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 69.6 30.4 7.0 2.5 10.2 3.2 7.6

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 72.9 27.1 6.4 2.8 7.6 2.7 7.6 Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 67.9 32.1 7.3 2.3 11.5 3.5 7.6 Service ................................................................................ 100.0 71.5 28.5 5.7 2.3 8.9 2.2 9.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.3 32.7 5.5 2.9 8.9 5.7 9.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry 1 100.0 66.8 33.2 4.0 2.9 8.7 7.1 10.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 67.7 32.3 6.8 2.9 9.2 4.5 8.9 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.2 3.8 10.8 3.6 9.4

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.4 4.3 11.2 3.2 9.2 Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.0 3.1 10.2 4.2 9.7 **All part-time workers in private industry** ................................ 100.0 78.7 21.3 2.8 1.2 4.9 1.6 10.8 Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 78.7 21.3 4.6 1.6 4.2 2.0 8.9

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 78.8 21.2 4.5 1.6 4.3 1.9 8.9 Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 79.1 20.9 2.4 0.8 5.5 1.6 10.5

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 80.4 19.6 1.8 0.8 4.9 1.3 10.9 Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 77.8 22.2 3.1 0.9 6.2 2.0 10.1 Service ................................................................................ 100.0 81.7 18.3 1.7 1.0 2.9 0.8 12.0 Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 69.9 30.1 2.9 1.8 10.3 2.9 12.1

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 3.0 1.8 11.2 3.3 12.1

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 20 -

### Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, March 2013**

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked

**All full-time workers in private industry** ........... $33.92 $23.39 $10.52 $2.55 $1.02 $2.97 $1.34 $2.64

Goods-producing 1 ............................................ 35.13 23.40 11.73 2.34 1.39 3.38 1.61 3.02

Construction ................................................. 35.09 24.31 10.78 1.54 0.98 2.74 1.99 3.52 Manufacturing ............................................... 34.34 22.52 11.82 2.60 1.47 3.63 1.33 2.79 Service-providing 2 ............................................ 33.58 23.39 10.18 2.61 0.92 2.86 1.26 2.53

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 29.97 20.73 9.23 2.06 0.79 2.73 1.17 2.48 Information .................................................... 49.70 32.40 17.30 4.48 1.58 4.87 3.01 3.36 Financial activities ........................................ 42.46 28.43 14.03 3.59 2.27 3.63 1.74 2.79 Professional and business services ............. 39.00 27.83 11.18 3.13 0.97 2.86 1.36 2.87 Education and health services ...................... 33.10 23.12 9.97 2.77 0.61 3.03 1.15 2.42 Leisure and hospitality .................................. 16.37 12.23 4.13 0.82 0.29 1.19 0.28 1.55 Other services .............................................. 29.03 20.37 8.66 2.08 0.43 2.49 1.28 2.38 **All part-time workers in private industry** .......... 15.23 11.99 3.24 0.42 0.18 0.74 0.25 1.65

Service-providing 2 ............................................ 15.13 11.92 3.21 0.42 0.18 0.74 0.24 1.63

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 14.15 10.67 3.48 0.35 0.16 1.13 0.32 1.52 Professional and business services ............. 17.34 14.07 3.26 0.35 0.23 0.61 0.14 1.93 Education and health services ...................... 23.53 18.31 5.22 1.06 0.39 1.08 0.45 2.24 Leisure and hospitality .................................. 9.55 8.04 1.51 0.09 0.04 0.16 0.04 1.20 Percent of total compensation

**All full-time workers in private industry** ........... 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.5 3.0 8.8 3.9 7.8

Goods-producing 1 ............................................ 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.6 3.9 9.6 4.6 8.6

Construction ................................................. 100.0 69.3 30.7 4.4 2.8 7.8 5.7 10.0 Manufacturing ............................................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 7.6 4.3 10.6 3.9 8.1 Service-providing 2 ............................................ 100.0 69.7 30.3 7.8 2.7 8.5 3.8 7.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 69.2 30.8 6.9 2.6 9.1 3.9 8.3 Information .................................................... 100.0 65.2 34.8 9.0 3.2 9.8 6.1 6.8 Financial activities ........................................ 100.0 67.0 33.0 8.5 5.4 8.6 4.1 6.6 Professional and business services ............. 100.0 71.3 28.7 8.0 2.5 7.3 3.5 7.4 Education and health services ...................... 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.4 1.8 9.1 3.5 7.3 Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 74.8 25.2 5.0 1.8 7.3 1.7 9.5 Other services .............................................. 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.2 1.5 8.6 4.4 8.2 **All part-time workers in private industry** .......... 100.0 78.7 21.3 2.8 1.2 4.9 1.6 10.8

Service-providing 2 ............................................ 100.0 78.8 21.2 2.8 1.2 4.9 1.6 10.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 75.4 24.6 2.5 1.1 8.0 2.2 10.8 Professional and business services ............. 100.0 81.2 18.8 2.0 1.4 3.5 0.8 11.1 Education and health services ...................... 100.0 77.8 22.2 4.5 1.6 4.6 1.9 9.5 Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 84.1 15.9 0.9 0.4 1.6 0.4 12.6

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.

2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 21 -

### Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and bargaining unit status, March 2013** 

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked

**All workers, goods-producing industries** 1 ... $34.55 $23.08 $11.48 $2.27 $1.35 $3.29 $1.56 $3.00
1-99 workers ..................................................... 29.25 20.72 8.53 1.53 0.81 2.31 0.98 2.90

1-49 workers ................................................. 28.01 20.05 7.96 1.36 0.76 2.05 0.90 2.90 50-99 workers ............................................... 32.61 22.52 10.09 1.98 0.97 3.01 1.22 2.92 100 workers or more ......................................... 38.97 25.04 13.93 2.90 1.80 4.11 2.04 3.08

100-499 workers ........................................... 33.58 22.08 11.50 2.23 1.20 3.71 1.48 2.88 500 workers or more ..................................... 46.36 29.11 17.25 3.81 2.62 4.65 2.82 3.36
Union ................................................................ 41.79 24.62 17.17 2.39 1.69 5.65 3.81 3.63 Nonunion .......................................................... 32.91 22.73 10.19 2.25 1.27 2.75 1.05 2.86 **All workers, service-providing industries** 2 .. 28.04 19.95 8.09 1.95 0.70 2.22 0.96 2.26
1-99 workers ..................................................... 23.04 17.20 5.84 1.36 0.41 1.52 0.54 2.01

1-49 workers ................................................. 22.27 16.78 5.49 1.26 0.37 1.42 0.46 1.97 50-99 workers ............................................... 25.70 18.64 7.06 1.72 0.56 1.85 0.78 2.15 100 workers or more ......................................... 34.32 23.41 10.92 2.70 1.05 3.11 1.49 2.57

100-499 workers ........................................... 28.76 20.15 8.61 2.08 0.66 2.52 1.07 2.27 500 workers or more ..................................... 42.21 28.02 14.18 3.57 1.60 3.94 2.07 3.00
Union ................................................................ 39.72 23.93 15.79 3.12 1.07 5.51 2.90 3.19 Nonunion .......................................................... 27.15 19.65 7.50 1.87 0.67 1.97 0.81 2.19 Percent of total compensation

**All workers, goods-producing industries** 1 ... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.6 3.9 9.5 4.5 8.7
1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 70.8 29.2 5.2 2.8 7.9 3.4 9.9

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 71.6 28.4 4.8 2.7 7.3 3.2 10.3 50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 69.0 31.0 6.1 3.0 9.2 3.7 9.0 100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 64.3 35.7 7.4 4.6 10.5 5.2 7.9

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 65.7 34.3 6.6 3.6 11.0 4.4 8.6 500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 62.8 37.2 8.2 5.6 10.0 6.1 7.2
Union ................................................................ 100.0 58.9 41.1 5.7 4.0 13.5 9.1 8.7 Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 69.0 31.0 6.8 3.9 8.4 3.2 8.7 **All workers, service-providing industries** 2 .. 100.0 71.1 28.9 7.0 2.5 7.9 3.4 8.1
1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 74.6 25.4 5.9 1.8 6.6 2.3 8.7

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 75.3 24.7 5.7 1.7 6.4 2.1 8.9 50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 72.5 27.5 6.7 2.2 7.2 3.0 8.3 100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 68.2 31.8 7.9 3.1 9.1 4.3 7.5

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.2 2.3 8.8 3.7 7.9 500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 8.5 3.8 9.3 4.9 7.1
Union ................................................................ 100.0 60.2 39.8 7.9 2.7 13.9 7.3 8.0 Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.9 2.5 7.3 3.0 8.1

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.

2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 22 -

### Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total **compensation: Private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2013** 

Series Totalcompensation Wages and salaries Benefit costs

Total Paid leave Supplemental

pay Insurance Retirement and savings Legally required benefits
Cost per hour worked
**Health care and social assistance** .................... $29.05 $20.65 $8.40 $2.24 $0.61 $2.42 $0.84 $2.29 Management, professional, and related ....... 41.83 29.64 12.19 3.57 0.90 3.28 1.41 3.04

Registered nurses .................................... 48.02 33.76 14.26 3.85 1.48 3.70 1.67 3.56 Sales and office ............................................ 22.35 15.77 6.58 1.56 0.32 2.36 0.57 1.77 Service .......................................................... 17.05 12.29 4.76 0.97 0.40 1.45 0.31 1.64 **Hospitals** ......................................................... 39.18 26.40 12.78 3.36 1.20 3.90 1.50 2.82

Management, professional, and related ....... 47.99 32.88 15.11 4.24 1.47 4.16 1.86 3.38

Registered nurses .................................... 50.33 34.45 15.88 4.28 1.78 4.24 1.96 3.62 Service .......................................................... 21.80 13.74 8.05 1.58 0.80 3.17 0.75 1.76 **Nursing and residential care facilities** .......... 20.44 14.82 5.63 1.34 0.40 1.69 0.28 1.91

Management, professional, and related ....... 31.22 22.93 8.29 2.26 0.57 2.30 0.51 2.64 Service .......................................................... 15.51 11.10 4.40 0.90 0.35 1.40 0.18 1.57 **Nursing care facilities** 1 .............................. 21.82 15.86 5.96 1.42 0.48 1.76 0.29 2.01 Management, professional, and related ....... 33.48 24.87 8.61 2.31 0.66 2.24 0.53 2.87 Service .......................................................... 16.11 11.44 4.66 0.96 0.42 1.51 0.18 1.59 Percent of total compensation
**Health care and social assistance** .................... 100.0 71.1 28.9 7.7 2.1 8.3 2.9 7.9 Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 70.9 29.1 8.5 2.2 7.8 3.4 7.3

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 8.0 3.1 7.7 3.5 7.4 Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.0 1.4 10.5 2.6 7.9 Service .......................................................... 100.0 72.1 27.9 5.7 2.4 8.5 1.8 9.6 **Hospitals** ......................................................... 100.0 67.4 32.6 8.6 3.1 10.0 3.8 7.2

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 68.5 31.5 8.8 3.1 8.7 3.9 7.0

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 68.4 31.6 8.5 3.5 8.4 3.9 7.2 Service .......................................................... 100.0 63.1 36.9 7.2 3.7 14.5 3.5 8.1 **Nursing and residential care facilities** .......... 100.0 72.5 27.5 6.5 2.0 8.3 1.4 9.3

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 73.4 26.6 7.2 1.8 7.4 1.6 8.5 Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.6 28.4 5.8 2.3 9.1 1.2 10.1 **Nursing care facilities** 1 .............................. 100.0 72.7 27.3 6.5 2.2 8.1 1.3 9.2 Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 74.3 25.7 6.9 2.0 6.7 1.6 8.6 Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.0 29.0 6.0 2.6 9.4 1.1 9.9

1 Data are available beginning with December 2006. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 23 -

### Table 15. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of **total compensation: Private industry workers, by census region and selected metropolitan area, March 2013** 

Census region and metropolitan area Total compensation Wages and salaries Total benefits Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent



### Northeast Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA ........... $36.92 100.0 $25.61 69.4 $11.31 30.6 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA .. 36.94 100.0 25.19 68.2 11.75 31.8 Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA ........................................................................ 34.64 100.0 23.68 68.4 10.96 31.6 

### South Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL CSA ...... 26.53 100.0 19.22 72.4 7.31 27.6 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA ...................................... 29.20 100.0 21.11 72.3 8.09 27.7 Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA ..................... 32.25 100.0 22.37 69.4 9.88 30.6 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA ... 23.56 100.0 17.30 73.4 6.26 26.6 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,

DC-MD-VA-WV CSA .............................................. 35.73 100.0 25.31 70.8 10.42 29.2 

### Midwest Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA ..... 32.91 100.0 22.44 68.2 10.47 31.8 Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA .................................... 35.36 100.0 23.96 67.8 11.40 32.2 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA ........... 36.48 100.0 26.06 71.4 10.42 28.6 

### West Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA .......... 30.07 100.0 21.67 72.1 8.40 27.9 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA ......................... 29.79 100.0 21.86 73.4 7.93 26.6 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA ............ 42.56 100.0 29.13 68.4 13.44 31.6 Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA .......................... 33.91 100.0 23.29 68.7 10.63 31.3
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



## - 24 -