## FAA

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U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation

Administration



# AUTHORIZED

INSTRUCTOR

Airman Certification Standards

Date TBD

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE Washington, DC 20591Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR A CKNOWLEDGMENTS

The U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) , Airman Testing Standards

Bran ch, AFS

- 630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 developed this Airman Certification Standards ( ACS ) document with the assistance of the aviation community. The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable support from the many individuals and organization s who contributed their time and expertise to assist in this endeavor.

A VAILABILITY

This ACS is available for download from www.faa.gov . Please send comments regarding this document

to AFS630comments@faa.gov

.Authorized Instru ctor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR FOREWORD

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has published the Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards (ACS) document to communicate the aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency, and risk

managemen t standards for authorized instructor certification. This ACS incorporates and supersedes the previous Practical Test Standards (PTS).

The FAA views the ACS as the foundation of its transition to a more integrated and systematic approach

to airman certific ation. The ACS is part of the safety management system (SMS) framework that the FAA uses to mitigate risks associated with airman certification training and testing. Specifically, the ACS, associated guidance, and test item bank question components of the airman certification system are constructed around the four functional components of an SMS:

 Safety Policy that defines and describes aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency, and risk management as integrated components of the airman certification syst em;

 Safety Risk Management processes through which internal and external stakeholders identify and evaluate regulatory changes, safety recommendations, or other factors that require modification of airman testing and training materials;

 Safety Assurance pr ocesses to ensure the prompt and appropriate incorporation of changes arising from new regulations and safety recommendations; and

 Safety Promotion in the form of ongoing engagement with both external stakeholders (e.g., the aviation training industry) an d FAA policy divisions.

In this connection, the FAA gratefully acknowledges and deeply appreciates the many hours that aviation training experts throughout the industry have contributed to the development of this ACS, along with the associated guidance and a more systematic approach to knowledge test question development. This kind of collaboration, a hallmark of a robust safety culture, strengthens and enhances aviation safety at every level of the airman certification system.

John S. Duncan Acting Direct or, Flight Standards ServiceAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ii

AVAILABILITY

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... ii

FOREWORD

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... iv

INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... vii

Airman Certification St andards Concept

................................ ................................ ............................. vii

Using the ACS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... vii

Organization

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... viii

FUNDAMENTALS OF INST RUCTING (FOI) TASKS

................................ ................................ ................... 1

A. Learning Process

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 1

B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication

................................ ................................ ............. 2

C. Teaching Process

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 3

D. Teaching Methods

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 4

E. Assessment

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 5

F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Respon sibilities

................................ ................................ ..... 6

SECTION 1: GROUND INSTRUCTOR

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 7

Completion Standards

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 7

A. Basic Ground Instructor (BGI)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 7

B. Advanced Ground Instructor (AGI)

................................ ................................ ................................ . 7

C. Instrument Ground Instructor (IGI)

................................ ................................ ................................ . 7

D. ACS System Reference Matrix

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 7

SECTION 2: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ‒ AIRPLAN E

................................ ................................ .................... 9

Completion Standards

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 9

A. Knowledge Test

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 9

B. Practical Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 9

Areas of Operation

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 12

I. Technical Subject Areas

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 12

A. Principles of Flight

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 12

B. 14 CFR and Publications

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 13

C. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements

................................ ................................ ........... 14

II. Preflight Preparation

................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 15

A. Certificates and Documents

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 15

III. Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight

................................ ............................ 16

A. Maneuver Lesson

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 16Authorized Instru ctor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR IV. Fundamentals of Flight

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 17

A. Straight

- and

- Level Flight

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 17

B. Level Turns

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 18

C. Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns

................................ ................................ ............................. 19

D. Straight Descents and Descending Turns

................................ ................................ .................... 20

V. Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 21

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 21

B. Power

- On Stalls (Proficiency)

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 22

C. Power

- Off Stalls (Proficiency)

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 23

D. Cross

- Controlled Stalls

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 24

E. Elevator Trim Stalls (Demonstration)

................................ ................................ ........................... 25

F. Secondary Stalls (Demonstration)

................................ ................................ ................................ 26

G. Spins

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 27

H. Accelerated Maneuver Stalls (Demonstration)

................................ ................................ ............. 28

SECTION 3: FLIGHT I NSTRUCTOR ‒ INSTRUME NT AIRPLANE AND HELI COPTER

......................... 29

Completion Standards

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 29

A. Knowledge Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 29

B. Practical Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 29

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 29

Areas of Operation

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 29

SECTION 4: FLIGHT I NSTRUCTOR ‒ ROTORCRA FT HELICOPTER

................................ ................... 31

Completion Standards

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 31

A. Knowledge Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 31

B. Practical Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 31

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 31

Areas of Operation

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 31

SECTION 5: FLIGHT I NSTRUCTOR ‒ GLIDER

................................ ................................ ....................... 33

Completion Standards

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 33

A. Knowledge Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 33

B. Practical Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 33

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 33

Areas of Operation

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR SECTION 6: FLIGHT I NSTRUCTOR ‒ SPORT PI LOT

................................ ................................ ............. 35

Completion Standards

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 35

A. Knowledge Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 35

B. Practical Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 35

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 35

Areas of Operation

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 35

APPENDIX 1: THE KNO WLEDGE TEST

................................ ................................ ................................ . 1

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Knowledge Test Description

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 1

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Knowledge Tests for Instructor Certificates and Ratings

................................ ................................ .. 1

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Knowledge Test Instructor Certificate/Rating Matrix

................................ ................................ ......... 1

- 2

Eligibility Requirements

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 1

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Knowledge Test Centers

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 1

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Knowledge Test Registration

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 1

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Test Aut horization

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 1

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Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips

................................ ................................ .............................. 1

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FAA Knowledge Test Question Coding

................................ ................................ ............................. 1

- 5

Testing Procedures for Applicants Requesting Special Accommodations

................................ ....... 1

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Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct

................................ ................................ ......................... 1

- 5

Airman Knowledge Test Report

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 1

- 6

APPENDIX 2: THE PRA CTICAL TEST

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 2

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Conduct of the Practical Test

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 2

- 1

Use of Checklists

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 2

- 1

Use of Distractions

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 2

- 1

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

................................ ................................ ................................ . 2

- 2

Stall and Spin Awareness

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 2

- 2

Possible Outcomes of the Practical Test

................................ ................................ .......................... 2

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Prerequisites for the Test

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 2

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Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

................................ ................................ .... 2

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Instructor Resp onsibilities

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 2

- 5

Evaluator Responsibilities

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 2

- 5

APPENDIX 3: ADDITIO NAL RATING TASK TABL ES

................................ ................................ ............. 3

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APPENDIX 4: INSTRUC TOR RENEWAL OR REINS TATEMENT

................................ .......................... 4

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Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor

– Single Engine Airplane

................................ ...... 4

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Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor

– Multiengine Airplane

................................ .......... 4

- 3

APPENDIX 5: REFEREN CES

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 5

- 1

APPENDIX 6: ABBREVI ATIONS AND ACRONYMS

................................ ................................ ............... 6

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR INTRODUCTION

Airman Certification Standards Concept

The aviation instructor plays a critical role in the safety of the National Airspace System (NAS). Accordingly, the goa l of the certification process for instructors is to ensure the instructor

- applicant is ready to teach the knowledge and skills consistent with the privileges of the certificate or rating to be exercised and prepare the learner to safely manage the risks o f flight as pilot

- in

- command

. In fulfilling its responsibilities for the airman certification process, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards Service (AFS) plans, develops, and maintains materials related to airman certification trainin g and testing.

Historically, these materials have included several components. The FAA knowledge test measures mastery of the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61. The Practical Test Standards (PTS) define d the acceptable parameters of flight proficiency

in the Areas of Operation listed in 14 CFR part 61. FAA handbooks (FAA

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, computer testing supplements (FAA

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The F A A r ec ogn i z e s t hat sa f e o p era tio ns in t oda y' s co m p l ex N A S requ i re a m ore s y s t e m a t ic in t eg r a tio n of

aero n au t i cal k n o wled g e, f l i ght pro f i c iency s ta nd ar d s, and r is k m ana g e me n t

. The F A A f ur t her r e c ogn i z e s

t he ne e d t o m ore c l e a rly ca l i b ra t e k n o w l e d ge, s k i ll s

, and ri s k m ana g e me nt a c co r d i ng t o t he l e v el of t he

cer t i f i ca t e o r ra t ing. To th at end, t he F A A drew u po n t he e x per tis e of organ i za tio ns and indi vi d u a l s a c r os s

t he a v ia ti on and training co m m uni t y t o de v e l op t he A ir m an Cer tific a t ion St anda r ds ( A C S ). The ACS incorporates and supersedes the PTS.

NOTE: A s us e d i n t h i s A C S

, an e v a l ua t or i s any per s on au tho r i z e d t o co nd uct a i r m an te s ti ng (e

. g

. , an
F A A a vi a t ion s a f e t y i nsp e c t or, d es ig na t ed p i l ot e x a m iner, or o t h e r i nd iv i dual au th or i z ed t o co n d u ct a

prac t i cal t es t.

Using the ACS

The ACS consists of Areas of Operation arranged in a logical sequence

. For example Section 2 (Airplane) begins with Technical Subject Area s, followed by Preflight Preparation, Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight, and Fundamentals of Flight. The final Area of Operation in the

Authorized Instructor ACS for airplane is Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins . Each Area of Operation includes

Tasks appropriate to that Area of Operation.

Each Task begins with an Objective stating what the applicant should know and/or do. The ACS then lists the aeronautical knowledge, skills, and risk management elements relevant to the specific Task,

a long with the conditions and standards for acceptable performance. The ACS uses Notes to emp hasize special considerations. The ACS uses the terms "will" and "must" to convey directive (mandatory) information. The terms "should" and "may" de note items that are recommended but not required.

NOTE: Where an abbreviation(s) within parenthes e s immediately follows the name of a Task , the abbreviation(s) refer to the category and/or class aircraft appropriate to that Task (e.g., ASEL, AMEL, ASES, AMES). The abse nce of a class indicates the Task is for all classes of aircraft reference d in that

Section of the ACS.

Each Task in the ACS is coded according to a scheme that includes four elements. For example:

IA.I.B.K6:

IA = Applicable ACS Applicable ACS and Section denoting Aircraft category (Instructor, Airplane,

which is Section 2 of this document)

I = Area of Operation (Technical Subject Areas)

B = Task (14 CFR and Publications)

K6 = Knowledge Task Element 6 ( Flight information publications )Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Knowledge te st questions are mapped to the ACS codes, which replace the previous system of “Learning Statement Codes.” Because the airman knowledge test report will list an ACS code that correlates to a specific Task Element for a given Area of Operation and Task, rem edial instruction and re

- testing will be specific, targeted, and based on specified learning criteria. Similarly, a Notice of Disapproval for the practical test will use the ACS codes to identify the deficient task element (s).

The applicant must pass the k nowledge test before taking the practical test. The practical test is

conducted in accordance with the ACS that is current as of the date of the test. The applicant must pass the oral portion of the practical test before beginning the flight portion . The oral portion of the practical test allows the evaluator to determine whether the applicant is sufficiently prepared to advance to the flight portion of the practical test. The evaluator must assess the applicant on all of the S kill elements of

each Task in cluded in each Area of Operation of the ACS unless otherwise noted. The evaluator must

also assess at least one K nowledge element and one R isk M anagement element of all of the T ask s in each Area of Operation, focusing on any task element (s) the applicant m issed on the knowledge exam. The evaluator administering the practical test has the discretion to combine tasks /elements as appropriate to testing scenarios.

The purpose of t he A uthorized I nstructor ACS is to define the acceptable performance standards for instructional knowledge and skill , including the Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) concepts listed in 14 CFR part 61. I t is important for the instructor

- applicant to understand that the FOI portion of the

A uthorized I nstructor ACS stresses practical appli cation of effective instructional concepts and techniques. For example, the A uthorized I nstructor ACS uses the term plan of action to describe the expectation that for any given Task, a competent instructor can develop and execute a flexible

instructional plan of action to teach the knowledge, skill, and risk management requirements for that Task. Where appropriate to the Task, the instructional plan of action should incorporate realistic scenarios that require the learner to correctly apply and/or correlat e the target knowle dge, skill, and risk management

elements to specific circumstances.

Organization

The A uthorized I nstructor ACS includes sections that define the acceptable standards for knowledge,

skill s , and risk management in the aeronautical proficie ncy tasks unique to a particular i nstructor certificate or rating.

Instructor

- A pplicants, instructors, a nd evaluators need to understand that the A uthorized I nstructor ACS is

not a stand

- alone document. Rather, it is to be used in conjunction with the pi lot certificate level or rating

ACS for which the instructor

- applicant seeks authorization to provide instruction. Therefore, in addition to mastery of the knowledge and skills defined in the A uthorized I nstructor ACS, t he instructor

- applicant

must demonst rate instructional competence with the Tasks in the ACS for the appropriate certificate level or rating, to include analyzing and correcting common learner errors.

Since the 

### Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) Area of Operation is foundational to each parti cular instructor certificate or rating, FOI tasks are incorporated as a stand

- alone Area of Operation at the beginning of this ACS, which will be referenced in each certificate/rating ACS System Reference Matrix

.

The FAA encourages applicants and instru ctors to use the ACS to measure progress during training, and as a reference to ensure the applicant is adequately prepared for the knowledge and practical tests. The FAA will revise the ACS as circumstances require.Authorized Instru ctor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR This page inten tionally left blank.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING (FOI) TASKS

Task A. Learning Process

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Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements of the

learning process and that the applicant can apply that knowledge when performing the duties of a certificated flight instructor.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

1. Definitions of learning and practical examples that demonstrate when learning has taken place. AI.FOI.A. K1

2. Va rious learning theories and their individual applications in flight

instruction. AI.FOI.A. K2

3. Higher order thinking skills and their importance to pilots. AI.FOI.A. K3

4. Scenario

- based training as it relates to learning higher order thinking

skills. AI. FOI.A. K4

5. How learners acquire skill knowledge and how to encourage the acquisition process. AI.FOI.A. K5

6. Types of practice and the practical uses of each during flight training. AI.FOI.A. K6

7. Helping learners develop applied skills during flight train ing to: AI.FOI.A. K7

a. Incorporate multitasking. AI.FOI.A. K7a

b. Retain focus during distractions and interruptions. AI.FOI.A. K7b

c. Avoid fixation and inattention. AI.FOI.A. K7c

8. How to recognize and identify learner errors during flight training

. AI.FOI.A. K8

9. Learner motivation in the learning process and instructor responsibilities regarding motivating learners to foster learning. AI.FOI.A. K9

10. Learning styles and their impact on effective instruction. AI.FOI.A. K10

11. Learner memory, retention , forgetting and associated learning challenges, and promoting retention of information. AI.FOI.A. K11

12. Transfer of learning in ground, simulation, and flight instruction

activities. AI.FOI.A. K12

13. Consequences of: AI.FOI.A. K13

a. Faulty instruction. AI.FOI.A. K13a

b. Unmotivated learners. AI.FOI.A. K13b

c. Instruction not delivered on learner’s level of understanding. AI.FOI.A. K13c

d. Failing to recognize and correct learner errors. AI.FOI.A. K13d

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional ability to:

1. Provide instruction to the evaluator in a manner that demonstrates an operational understanding of the learning process. AI.FOI.A. S1

2. Present material in such a way as to encourage the development of higher order thinking skills. AI.FOI. A. S2

3. Adapt lesson delivery and/or content to account for differences in learning styles and abilities. AI.FOI.A. S3

4. Recognize and identify types and causes of learner errors during training. AI.FOI.A. S4

5. Explain the process of moving a learner throug h the levels of learning during a course of training. AI.FOI.A. S5

6. Use positive motivation during instructional activities. AI.FOI.A. S6

7. Explain positive and negative transfers of learning. AI.FOI.A. S7

8. Explain the qualities of effective training sce narios. AI.FOI.A. S8Authorized Inst ructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task B. Human Behavior and Effective Communication

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Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements of

human behavior and effective communication and how these impa ct effective teaching and learning.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

1. The influence of personality types and their effect on the instructor

learner relationship. AI.FOI.B. K1

2. Human needs and their influence on motivation. AI.FOI .B. K2

3. Human Factors and how they positively or negatively affect learning. AI.FOI.B. K3

4. How to counter learner defense mechanisms. AI.FOI.B. K4

5. Human motivation and what affects it. AI.FOI.B. K5

6. Normal and abnormal emotional reactions that may be d isplayed by

the learner. AI.FOI.B. K6

7. The basic elements of communication. AI.FOI.B. K7

8. The barriers to effective communication and how to avoid them. AI.FOI.B. K8

9. Effective instructional communication techniques and the consequences of poor instruct ional communication techniques. AI.FOI.B. K9

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional ability to:

1. Give specific examples of how human needs could influence a

learner’s motivation. AI.FOI.B. S1

2. Give specific examples of how to counter defense me chanisms that a learner may use. AI.FOI.B. S2

3. Explain what an instructor can do to positively affect learner

motivation. AI.FOI.B. S3

4. Explain what actions an instructor can do that will negatively affect

learner motivation. AI.FOI.B. S4

5. Explain the n ormal emotional reactions that are a part of human

behavior. AI.FOI.B. S5

6. Explain how to handle abnormal learner reactions. AI.FOI.B. S6

7. Explains the basic elements of communication. AI.FOI.B. S7

8. Give specific examples of barriers to effective commu nication, the consequences of them and how to avoid them. AI.FOI.B. S8

9. Demonstrates effective instructional communication techniques during all activities. AI.FOI.B. S9Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task C. Teaching Process

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Objective To determine that t he applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements of the

teaching process.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

1. Essential teaching skills as they apply to personal strengths and

weaknesses. AI.FOI.C. K1

2. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional period. AI.FOI.C. K2

3. Various presentation methods and the ability to implement the appropriate method given the topic, learner, and available teaching

aids. AI.FOI.C. K3

4. How to guide a learner through self

- c ritique and assessment. AI.FOI.C. K4

5. Scenario

- based delivery methods. AI.FOI.C. K5

6. The consequences of failing to: AI.FOI.C. K6

a. Be aware of human behavior. AI.FOI.C. K6a

b. Comprehend the learning process. AI.FOI.C. K6b

c. Use methods of commun ication most effective and efficient for

the learner. AI.FOI.C. K6c

d. Be flexible in the teaching process as it pertains to learner personality and learning differences. AI.FOI.C. K6d

e. Assess and teach the “why” and the “how” behind the “what” of

le arner performance. AI.FOI.C. K6e

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional ability to:

1. Use a well

- rounded approach to teaching delivery methods by utilizing personal strengths while improving weaknesses. AI.FOI.C. S1

2. Organize a lesson flow to e ngage the learner and make the learner an active participant in the learning process. AI.FOI.C. S2

3. Choose a delivery method that is best suited for the learner based on an understanding of known learning tendencies. AI.FOI.C. S3

4. Recognize if the learne r has truly learned the presented material by a change in behavior or philosophy. AI.FOI.C. S4

5. Not only assess basic topic knowledge and skill, but also the underlying causal factors and related elements, and then address them in a way the learner unders tands. AI.FOI.C. S5

6. Construct a realistic scenario that is multi

- faceted and integrates numerous subject areas to evaluate a learner’s understanding of all

content. AI.FOI.C. S6Authorized Inst ructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task D. Teaching Methods

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Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements of the

various methods of teaching information and skills and applies these methods appropriately in instructional situations.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

1. The different training delivery methods for ground and flight instruction by describing appropriate use of lecture, guided discussion, problem

- based learning (including scenario based training, collaborative problem solving, and case study),electronic

base d learning, cooperative or group learning, and demonstration

performance. AI.FOI.D. K1

2. Why it may be appropriate to incorporate more than one delivery

method in an instructional session. AI.FOI.D. K2

3. How the organization of teaching materials may affec t learner learning. AI.FOI.D. K3

4. The use of proper and correct source materials and the positive/negative value of developing supplementary material when preparing lessons. AI.FOI.D. K4

5. The use of instructional aids and training technologies appropriat e to

each method. AI.FOI.D. K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional ability to:

1. Prepare a plan of action to incorporate appropriate teaching methods and supporting materials for an assigned ACS task applicable to the instructor

- applicant’s c ertificate level, for the following situations: AI.FOI.D. S1

a. Aeronautical knowledge ground lesson applicable for a

classroom. AI.FOI.D. S1a

b. Maneuver ground lesson for an individual pilot in training. AI.FOI.D. S1b

c. Maneuver introduction for a flight lesson. AI.FOI.D. S1c

2. Utilize materials developed in lesson preparation to demonstrate and

teach information and skills to the evaluator. AI.FOI.D. S2Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task E. Assessment

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Objective To determine that the applicant exh ibits satisfactory knowledge and skills associated with

instructional assessment.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of the elements of

assessment by describing and explaining:

1. The purpose and characteristics of an effective critique. AI.FOI.E. K1

2. Different methods of conducting a critique. AI.FOI.E. K2

3. “Ground rules” for conducting a critique. AI.FOI.E. K3

4. Assessment techniques that ensure the learner can properly apply the material or procedure that was presented. AI.FOI.E. K4

5. How to review and evaluate learner performance. AI.FOI.E. K5

6. Traditional assessment vs. authentic assessment. AI.FOI.E. K6

7. Characteristics of effective oral questions. AI.FOI.E. K7

8. Oral questions to be avoided. AI.FOI.E. K8

9. How to respond to learne r questions. AI.FOI.E. K9

10. Characteristics of effective written tests. AI.FOI.E. K10

11. How to develop effective written tests. AI.FOI.E. K11

12. Characteristics and uses of performance tests. AI.FOI.E. K12

13. Principles of collaborative assessment (or learne r

- centered grading (LCG)). AI.FOI.E. K13

14. The consequences of: AI.FOI.E. K14

a. Ineffective critiques. AI.FOI.E. K1 4 a
b. Improper timing of critiques. AI.FOI.E. K1 4 b

c. Improper venue for conducting critiques. AI.FOI.E. K1 4 c
d. Use of improper type s of questioning/tests. AI.FOI.E. K1 4 d

e. Improper answers to learner questions. AI.FOI.E. K1 4 e

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

1. Conduct an effective learner

- centered critique. AI.FOI.E. S1

2. Apply different techniques for critiquing

. AI.FOI.E. S2

3. Apply “ground rules” for conducting a critique. AI.FOI.E. S3

4. Conduct effective oral questioning. AI.FOI.E. S4

5. Respond to learner questioning. AI.FOI.E. S5

6. Create an effective written test. AI.FOI.E. S6

7. Select the appropriate method of assessment. AI.FOI.E. S7

8. Differentiate between different testing techniques to obtain a given

result. AI.FOI.E. S8

9. Apply techniques of collaborative assessment. AI.FOI.E. S9Authorized Inst ructor Airman Certification Standards

Fundamentals of Instructing Tasks

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities

Refer ence FAA

- H

- 8083

- 9

Objective To determine that the applicant fully comprehends the flight instructor’s responsibilities

and exhibits the professional characteristics associated with effective instruction.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of the instructor’s

responsibilities by describing and explaining how to:

1. Provide effective instruction and help learners gain knowledge and

skill. AI.FOI.F. K1

2. Emphasize the positive. AI.FOI.F. K2

3. Be prepared for each instructional activity and ma ke learners’ best interests their top priority. AI.FOI.F. K3

4. Prepare pilots in training to exceed the published minimum standards of performance. AI.FOI.F. K4

5. Incorporate the highest standards of safe operations and risk management in all instructional and student pilot solo activity. AI.FOI.F. K5

6. Evaluate the learner’s piloting ability. AI.FOI.F. K6

7. Supervise student pilot solo activity. AI.FOI.F. K7

8. Prepare pilots they are training to become responsible members of the aviation community and to e xercise effective aeronautical decision making, risk management, situational awareness and SRM when using their privileges as pilot in command. AI.FOI.F. K8

9. Minimize learner frustrations. AI.FOI.F. K9

10. Recommend applicants for knowledge and practical te sts. AI.FOI.F. K10

11. Conduct specialized training, evaluate proficiency, and grant privileges through endorsements as authorized by regulations. AI.FOI.F. K11

12. Maintain and advance personal professional knowledge and skills. AI.FOI.F. K12

13. Identify and a ppropriately deal with seriously abnormal learners. AI.FOI.F. K13

14. Develop an adaptable plan of action with appropriate scenario(s). AI.FOI.F. K14

15. Exhibit the characteristics of a professional flight instructor. AI.FOI.F. K15

Skills The applicant demon strates instructional ability to:

1. Recognize the differences between individual learners and adapt instruction that helps each to learn. AI.FOI.F. S1

2. Clearly define objectives, standards and assessment methods. AI.FOI.F. S2

3. Evaluate performance again st standards. AI.FOI.F. S3

4. Effectively and constructively critique learners’ performance. AI.FOI.F. S4

5. Instill aeronautical decision making, risk management, situational awareness and SRM habits that progressively grow and transfer to the pilot in trai ning. AI.FOI.F. S5

6. Instill in the pilot in training a sense of personal responsibility for the aviation community, their passengers and persons and property on the ground. AI.FOI.F. S6

7. Exhibit the highest standards of safe operations and risk

managemen t in all instructional activities. AI.FOI.F. S7

8. Teach a lesson using the plan of action. AI.FOI.F. S8Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 1: G round Instructor

7 FAA

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR SECTION 1: GROUND INSTRUCTOR

Completion Standards

A. Basic Ground Instructor (BGI)

(1) Pass the Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) Knowledge Test (i f r equired) , which is comprised of questions from the FOI Tasks

. (2) Pass the BGI Knowledge Test, which is comprised of questions developed from the Knowledge

elements of T asks contained in the Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, and Private Pilot ACS

docu ments

.

B. Advanced Ground Instructor (AGI)

(1) P ass the FOI Knowledge Test ( i f r equired) , which is comprised of questions from the Tasks

. (2) Pass the AGI K nowledge Test, which is comprised of questions developed from the Knowledge

elements of Tasks conta ined in the Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, Private Pilot and Commercial

Pilot ACS document s

.

C. Instrument Ground Instructor (IGI)

(1) Pass the FOI Knowledge Test ( i f r equired) , which is comprised of questions from the FOI Tasks

in this Section.

(2) Pass the IGI Knowledge Test, which is comprised of questions developed from the Knowledge

elements of Tasks contained in the Instrument Rating ACS

.

D. ACS System Reference Matrix

The ACS System Reference Matrix below includes the appropriate ACS document refer ence for each

Task required for the FOI Knowledge Test

.

GROUND INSTRUCTOR (S ECTION 1) ACS TASK ACS AI ACS REFERENCE (TA SK)

Fundamentals of Instructing
Learning Process AI

- FOI A. Learning Process

Human Behavior & Effective Communication AI

- FOI B. Hu man Behavior & Effective Communication
Teaching Process AI

- FOI C. Teaching Process Teaching Methods AI

- FOI D. Teaching Methods

Assessment AI

- FOI E. Assessment Flight Instructor Characteristics & Responsibilities AI

- FOI F. Flight Instructor Characteri stics & Responsibilities

Legend:

AI

- FOI Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards: Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) TasksAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 1: Ground Instructor

FAA

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR This page intentionally left blank.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR SECTION 2 : FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ‒ AIRPLANE

Completion Standards

A. Knowledge Test

(1) Pass the appropriate Knowledge Test

.

B. P ractical Test

( 1 ) To determine that the instructor

- applicant can:

(a) Demonstrate instructio nal competence in the tasks; (b) Facilitate the le arning of subject material; (c) Explain and demonstra te the ma neuvers; (d) Exemp lify risk management skills; (e) Promote professionalism; and (f) Analyze and correct common learner errors.

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

The Flight Instructor

– Airplane section of the Authorized Instructor ACS is intended to be used in

c onjunction with the Commercial Pilot ACS document or the Private Pilot ACS document appropriate for certain Tasks. The ACS System Reference Matrix below sets forth the ACS document references for each Task required by the Flight Instructor

- Airplane ACS. The Tasks identified in bold italicized typeface are Tasks described in this Section 2 of the Flight Instructor

- Airplane ACS. For all other Tasks, reference the applic able ACS document or section listed in t he ACS System Reference Matrix

.

FLIGHT INSTRUCTO R ‒ AIRPLANE (SECTION 2)

ACS TASK ACS ACS REFERENCE (TASK)

Fundamentals of Instructing
Learning Process AI

- FOI A. Learning Process

Human Behavior & Effective Communication AI

- FOI B. Human Behavior & Effective

Communication
Teaching Process AI

- FOI C. Teaching Process Teaching Methods AI

- FOI D. Teaching Methods

Assessment AI

- FOI E. Assessment Flight Instructor Characteristics & Responsibilities AI

- FOI F. Flight Instructor Characteristics & Responsibilities

I. Technical Subject Areas

A. Pr inciples of Flight AI

- IA

‒ B. 14 CFR & Publications AI

- IA

‒ C. Logbook Entries & Certificate Endorsements AI

- IA

‒ Aeromedical Factors , Visual Scanning, Collision

Avoidance COM I.H. Human Factors

Navigation & Flight Planning COM I.D. Cross

- Country Flight Planning
Airpl ane Flight Controls & Operation of Systems PVT I.G. Operation of Systems
Airplane Performance, Limitations, Weight & Balance COM I.F. Performance & Limitations
Night Operations PVT X.A. Night Preparation High Altitude Operations

- Supplemental Oxygen CO M X.A. Supplemental Oxygen High Altitude Operations

- Pressurization COM X.B. Pressurization National Airspace System COM I.E. National Airspace System Navigation Systems & Radar Services COM VI.B. Navigation Systems & Radar Services Water & Seaplane Cha racteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules & Aids to Marine Navigation (ASES, AMES) COM I.I. Water & Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules & Aids to Marine Navigation (ASES, AMES)Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR FLIGHT INSTRUCTO R ‒ AIRPLANE (SECTION 2)

ACS TASK ACS ACS REFERENCE (TASK)

I I. Preflight Preparation

A. Certificates & Documen ts AI

- IA

‒ Weather Information COM I.C. Weather Information
Airworthiness Requirements COM I.B. Airworthiness Requirements

III

. Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight

A. Maneuver Lesson AI

- IA

‒ Preflight Procedures Preflight Assessment COM II.A. Preflight Assessment Cockpit Management COM II.B. Cockpit Management Engine Starting COM II.C. Engine Starting Taxiing, Airport Signs, Markings, Lighting & Runway

Incursion Avoidance COM II.D. Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL)

Taxiing & Sailing (ASES, AME S) COM II.E. Taxiing & Sailing (ASES, AMES)

Before Takeoff Check COM II.F. Before Takeoff Check
Airport a nd Seaplane Base Operations Radio Communications & ATC Light Signals COM III.A. Radio Communications & ATC Light Signals

Traffic Patterns COM III .B. Traffic Patterns
Takeoffs, Landings, and Go

- Arounds

Normal Takeoff & Climb COM IV.A. Normal Takeoff & Climb
Normal Approach & Landing COM IV.B. Normal Approach & Landing

Soft

- Field Takeoff & Climb COM IV.C. Soft

- Field Takeoff & Climb (ASEL)

Sof t

- Field Approach & Landing COM IV.D. Soft

- Field Approach & Landing (ASEL)

Short

- Field Takeoff & Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) COM IV.E. Short

- Field Takeoff & Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) Short Field Approach & Landing (ASEL, AMEL) COM IV.F. Short Field Approach & Landing (ASEL, AMEL)

Confined Area Takeoff & Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES) COM IV.G. Confined Area Takeoff & Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES) Confined Area Approach & Landing (ASES, AMES) COM IV.H. Confi ned Area Approach & Landing (ASES, AMES) Glassy Water Takeoff & Climb (ASES, AMES) COM IV.I. Glassy Water Takeoff & Climb (ASES, AMES) Glassy Water Approach & Landing (ASES, AMES) COM IV.J. Glassy Water Approach & Landing (ASES, AMES) Rough Water Take off & Climb (ASES, AMES) COM IV.K. Rough Water Takeoff & Climb (ASES, AMES) Rough Water Approach & Landing (ASES, AMES) COM IV.L. Rough Water Approach & Landing (ASES, AMES)

Go

- Around/Rejected Landing COM IV.M. Go

- Around/Rejected Landing Forward Slip to a Landing PVT IV.G. Forward Slip to a Landing

Power

- Off 180°Accuracy Approach & Landing COM IV.M. Power

- Off 180° Accuracy Approach & Landing

I V. Fundamentals of Flight

A. Straight

- and

- Level Flight AI

- IA

‒ B. Level Turns AI

- IA

‒ C. Straight Climbs & Climbing Turns AI

- IA

‒ D. Straight Descents & Descending Turns AI

- IA

‒ Performance Maneuvers
Steep Turns COM V.A. Steep Turns

St eep Spiral COM V.B. Steep Spiral

Chandelles COM V.B. Chandelles
Lazy Eights COM V.C. Lazy Eights

Ground Reference Maneuvers

Ground Reference Maneuvers PVT V.B. Ground Reference Maneuvers
Eights on Pylons COM V.A. Eights on PylonsAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR FLIGHT INSTRUCTO R ‒ AIRPLANE (SECTION 2)

ACS TASK ACS ACS REFERENCE (TASK)

V. Slow Flight, Stalls & Spins

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight AI

- IA

‒ B. Power

- On Stalls (Proficiency) AI

- IA

‒ C. Power

- Off Stalls (Proficiency) AI

- IA

‒ D. Cross

- controlled Stalls (Demonstration) AI

- IA

‒ E. Elevator Trim Stalls (Demonstration) AI

- IA

‒ F. Secondary Stalls (Demonstration) AI

- IA

‒ G. Spins AI

- IA

‒ H. Accelerated Maneuver Stalls (Demonstration) AI

- IA

‒ Basic Instrument Maneuvers

S traight

- and

- Level Flight PVT VIII. A

. S traight

- and

- Level Flight Constant Airspeed Climbs PVT VIII.B. Constant Airspeed Climbs Constant Airspeed Descents PVT VIII.C. Constant Airspeed Descents Turns to Headings PVT VIII.D. Turns to Headings Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes PVT VIII.E. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
Emergency Procedures Power Failure at Altitude (Simulated) COM VIII.A. Power Failure at Altitude (Simul ated) Emergency Descent COM VIII.B. Emergency Descent System s & Equipment Malfunction s COM VIII.C. System s & Equipment Malfunction s Emergency Equipment & Survival Gear COM VIII.D. Emergency Equipment & Survival Gear
Multiengine Operations
[To be develop ed.]
Postflight Procedures Parking & Securing COM XI.A. Parking & Securing Seaplane Post

- Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES) COM XI.B. Seaplane Post

- Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES)

Legend:

AI

- FOI Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards: Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) Tasks

AI

- IA Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards: Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane (Section 2)

COM Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards

PVT Private Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards

[Flight Instructor Multiengine Airplane Tasks will be developed and incorporated in Sect ion 2 of this ACS prior to publication.]Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Areas of Operation

I. Technical Subject Areas

Task A. Principles of Flight

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

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- 25

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in

, and has the ability

to; effectively teach the elements of aerodynamics appropriate for the level of instructor certificate sought.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructional knowledge by describing and

explaining:

1. Airfoil design characteristics. IA.I. A.K1

2. Airp lane stability , maneuverability and controllability. IA.I. A.K2

3. Turning tendency ( e.g., torque, p

- factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precession ). IA.I. A.K3

4. Forces acting on an airplane. IA.I. A.K4

5. Load factors in airplane design. IA.I. A.K 5

6. Wingtip vortices and precautions to be taken. IA.I. A.K6

7. The risk to pilots of not understanding the basic aerodynamic principles of flight. IA.I. A.K7

Skills The applicant demonstrates the instructional ability to:

1. Effectively deliver pilot

- orie nted instruction to a simulated pilot in training (evaluator) on one of the following topics: IA.I. A.S1

a. Airfoil design characteristics. IA.I. A.S1a

b. Airplane stability , maneuverability and controllability. IA.I. A.S1b

c. Turning tendency ( e.g. , torque, p

- factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precession ). IA.I. A.S1c

d. Forces acting on an airplane. IA.I. A.S1d

e. Load factor. IA.I. A.S1e

f. Wingtip vortices: source and impact. IA.I. A.S1fAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task B. 14 CFR and Publications

Refe rence 14 CFR parts 1, 61 , 91; NTSB part 830; FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AC 00

- 2; AIM; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in and has the ability to

effectively teach the appropriate elements of the Federal Aviation Regu lations and essential publications.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructional knowledge by describing and

explaining the purpose, how to access, how to determine currency, and general content category of:

1. 14 CFR parts 1, 61, and 91. IA.I. B.K1

2. NTSB part 830. IA.I. B.K2

3. Advisory Circulars. IA.I. B.K3

4. Airman Certification Standards. IA.I. B.K4

5. Pilot’s Operating Handbooks or FAA

- approved airplane flight manuals. IA.I. B.K5

6. Flight i nformation publications. IA.I. B.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the instructional ability to:

1. Deliver instruction to a simulated pilot in training (evaluator) on what a pilot needs to know about item a. and at least one other of the following: IA.I. B.S1

a. 1 4 CFR parts 1, 61, and 91. IA.I. B.S1a

b. NTSB part 830. IA.I. B.S1b

c. Advisory Circulars. IA.I. B.S1c

d. Airman Certification Standards. IA.I. B.S1d

e. Pilot ’ s Operating Handbooks (POH)/FAA

- approved Airplane Flight

Manuals (AFM). IA.I. B.S1.e

f. Flight information publications (e.g., Aer onautical Information Manual ( AIM ) and Airport and Facilities Directory ( AF/D )

. IA.I. B.S1fAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task C. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements

Reference 14 CFR parts 61; AC 61

- 65

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional co mpetence in the elements and

has the ability to effectively teach the appropriate aspects of logbook entries and

certificates endorsements.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructional knowledge of the elements of

logbook entries and certificate end orsements by describing:

1. Required logbook entries for instruction given. IA.I. C.K1

2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements and appropriate logbook entries. IA.I. C.K2

3. Other r equired pilot logbook endorsements (e.g., tailwheel, high performa nce)

. IA.I. C.K3

4. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry and electronic forms for: IA.I. C.K 4

a. Initial pilot certification. IA.I. C.K 4 a
b. Additional pilot certification. IA.I. C.K 4 b

c. Additi onal aircraft qualification. IA.I. C.K 4 c

5. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of the required FAA flight review. IA.I. C.K 5

6. Required flight instructor records. IA.I. C.K 6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

1. Prepare simulated logbook entries and/or certificate endorsements required for at least two of the following scenarios: IA.I. C.S 1

a. Student pilot first solo. IA.I. C.S1a

b. First lesson with student pilot introducing straight and level, level
turns, descents and climbs. IA.I. C.S1b

c. Recommendation for knowledge test. IA.I. C.S1c

d. Recommendation for practical test. IA.I. C.S1d

e. Satisfactory flight review. IA.I. C.S1eAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR I I. Preflight Preparation

Task A. Certificates and Documents

R eference 14 CFR parts 23, 39, 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; Commercial Pilot ‒

Airplane ACS

, Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS ; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements and

has the abili ty to effectively teach a pilot

- in

- training the appropriate elements of

certificates and documents.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructional knowledge of the elements of

pilot and aircraft certificates and documents by describing:

1. The trainin g requirements for the issuance of a recreational, private, and commercial pilot certificate. IA.II. A.K1

2. The privileges and limitations of pilot certificates and ratings at sport, recreational, private, and commercial levels. IA.II. A.K2

3. Class and dur ation of medical certificates. IA.II. A.K3

4. Recent pilot flight experience requirements. IA.II. A.K4

5. Required entries in pilot logbook or flight record. IA.II. A.K5

6. Certificates and documents used to determine whether an airplane

meets airworthiness r equirements. IA.II. A.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional ability to develop scenarios for

teaching the required knowledge of certificates and documents involving the following :

1. Meeting minimum training requirements for a sport, recreatio nal, private, or commercial pilot certificate application. IA.II. A.S1

2. Acting as pilot

- in

- command without passengers. IA.II. A.S2

3. Acting as pilot

- in

- command with passengers. IA.II. A.S3Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR I II

. Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight

Task A. Maneuver Lesson

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 9 , FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; Commercial Pilot ‒

Airplane ACS

, Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS ; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements and

has the ability to effectively teach a pilot

- in

- training the appropriate elements of a

m aneuver task from this ACS selected by the evaluator.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructional knowledge of the elements of the

selected maneuver task from this ACS by:

1. Stating the purpose of the maneuver. IA.III. A.K1

2. Giving an accurate, c omprehensive oral description including the

elements of the maneuver and the common learner errors associated

with it. IA.III. A.K2

3. Describing the desired outcome(s) , including completion standards

. IA.III. A.K3

4. Describing possible risks when performin g this maneuver and recommended mitigation strategies. IA.III. A.K4

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional ability to orally present, using

instructional aids when appropriate, the elements of the selected maneuver task by:

1. Explaining why the maneuver is important to master. IA.III. A.S1

2. Breaking down the maneuver into basic, understandable elements. IA.III. A.S2

3. Explaining how the pilot

- in

- training will know when the maneuver is performed correctly. IA.III. A.S3

4. Describing possible flawe d outcomes ; how to analyze the errors and avoid them in future practice. IA.III. A.S4Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

17 FAA

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR I V. Fundamentals of Flight

Task A. Straight

- and

- Level Flight

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS

Objective To determine that the app licant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with straight

- and

- level flight.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructional knowledge of straight

- and

- level

flight by describing:

1. Purpose of the mane uver. IA.IV. A.K1

2. Basic elements of the maneuver. IA.IV. A.K2

3. Desired outcome. IA.IV. A.K3

4. Flight control and trim use. IA.IV. A.K4

5. The pilot’s visual reference s when performing the maneuver. IA.IV. A.K5

6. Common errors performing the maneuver. IA .IV. A.K6

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain straight and level flight. IA.IV. A.S1

2. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to straight and level flight. IA.IV. A.S2

Risk

Mana gement The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. Distractions impacting navigation

, unintended airspace incursions

, and proximity to terrain. IA.IV. A.R1

2. C ollision avoidance. IA.IV. A.R2Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task B. Level Turns

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with level turns.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates i nstructional knowledge of level turns by

describing:

1. Purpose of the maneuver. IA.IV. B.K1

2. Basic elements of the maneuver. IA.IV. B.K2

3. Desired outcome. IA.IV. B.K3

4. Flight control and trim use. IA.IV. B.K4

5. The pilot’s visual reference s when perfor ming the maneuver. IA.IV. B.K5

6. Common errors performing the maneuver. IA.IV. B.K6

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain level turns. IA.IV. B.S1

2. Analyze and correct simulated common error s related to level turns. IA.IV. B.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. Distractions impacting navigation

, unintended airspace incursions

, and proximity to terrain. IA.IV. B.R1

2. C ollision avoidance. IA.IV. B.R2Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

19 FAA

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140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task C. Straight Climbs and Climbing Turns

Reference FAA

- H

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- 3; Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with straight climbs and climbing turns.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructional kn owledge of straight climbs an d

climbing turns by describing:

1. Purpose of the maneuver. IA.IV. C.K1

2. Basic elements of the maneuver. IA.IV. C.K2

3. Desired outcome. IA.IV. C.K3

4. Flight control and trim use. IA.IV. C.K4

5. The pilot’s visual reference s whe n performing the maneuver. IA.IV. C.K5

6. Common errors performing the maneuver. IA.IV. C.K6

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain straight climbs and climbing

turns. IA.IV. C.S1

2. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to straight climbs and climbing turns. IA.IV. C.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. Distractions impacting navigation

, unintended airs pace incursions

, and proximity to terrain. IA.IV. C.R1

2. C ollision avoidance. IA.IV. C.R2Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task D. Straight Descents and Descending Turns

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with straight descents and descending turns.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates instructiona l knowledge of straight descents

and descending turns by describing:

1. Purpose of the maneuver. IA.IV. D.K1

2. Basic elements of the maneuver. IA.IV. D.K2

3. Desired outcome. IA.IV. D.K3

4. Flight control and trim use. IA.IV. D.K4

5. The pilot’s visual refere nce s when performing the maneuver. IA.IV. D.K5

6. Common errors performing the maneuver. IA.IV. D.K6

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain straight descents and descending turns. IA.IV. D.S1

2. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to straight descents and descending turns. IA.IV. D.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. Distractions impacting navigation

, unintended airspace incursions

, and proximity to terrain. IA.IV. D.R1

2. C ollision avoidance. IA.IV. D.R2Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

21 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR V. Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins

Task A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS

, Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS ;

POH/A F M

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with maneuvering during slow flight.

Knowledge The a pplicant demonstrat es instructional knowledge by describing:

1. The slow flight maneuver relative to a critical real

- life situation, i.e. go

arounds, short field approach and landing, etc. IA.V. A.K1

2. Relationship between angle of attack ( AOA ) , airspeed, load factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. A.K2

3. Relationship of configuration, weight, center of gravity, maneuvering loads, angle of bank, and power to flight characteristics and controllability. IA.V. A.K3

4. Reco gnizing and responding appropriately to all indications of high angle of attack to include aircraft performance indications, airframe buffet, and stall warning systems. IA.V. A.K4

5. The difference between AOA and aircraft attitude during all flight

conditi ons and how it relates to aircraft performance. IA.V. A.K5

6. How environmental elements affect aircraft performance. IA.V. A.K6

7. Performance of the maneuver with selected landing gear and flap configurations in straight

- and

- level flight and level turns. IA.V. A.K7

8. Importance of the 1,500 foot above ground level ( AGL ) minimum

altitude. IA.V. A.K8

9. Specified airspeed for the maneuver. IA.V. A.K9

10. Coordination of flight controls. IA.V. A.K10

11. Trim technique. IA.V. A.K11

12. Reestablishment of cruise flight

. IA.V. A.K12

13. Common errors related to maneuvering during slow flight. IA.V. A.K13

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Select an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet AGL. IA.V. A.S1

2. Establish and maintain an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power, would

result in an immediate stall. IA.V. A.S2

3. Accomplish coordinated straight

- and

- level flight, turns, climbs, and

des cents with landing gear and flap configurations specified by the

evaluator. IA.V. A.S3

4. Divide attention between airplane control, and orientation while pointing

- out the control feel and other cockpit sensations. IA.V. A.S4

5. Maintain the specified altitu de, ±50 feet; specified heading, ±10°; airspeed, +5/

- 0 knots; and specified angle of bank, ±5°. IA.V. A.S5

6. Analyze and correct simulated common errors. IA.V. A.S6

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

r isks, encompassing:

1. R elationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. A.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to include aircraft performan ce indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning systems such as a stall horn

. IA.V. A.R2

3. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance

. IA.V. A.R3

4. C ollision avoidance. IA.V. A.R4Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 22

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task B. Power

- On Stalls (Proficiency)

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 9

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with p ower

- o n s talls.

NOTE: In some high performance airplanes, the power setting may have to be red uced below the practical test standards guideline power setting to prevent excessively high pitch attitudes (greater than 30° nose up).

Knowledge The applicant demonstrat es understanding by describing:

1. Aerodynamics of power

- on stalls. IA.V. B.K1

2. Rela tionship of various factors such as landing gear and flap configuration, weight, center of gravity, load factor, and bank angle to stall speed. IA.V. B.K2

3. Flight situations where unintentional power

- on stalls may occur. IA.V. B.K3

4. Entry technique and m inimum entry altitude. IA.V. B.K4

5. Performance of power

- on stalls in climbing flight (straight or turning). IA.V. B.K5

6. Coordination of flight controls. IA.V. B.K6

7. Recognition of the first indications of power

- on stalls. IA.V. B.K7

8. Recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude. IA.V. B.K8

9. Common errors related to power

- on stalls. IA.V. B.K9

Skills The applicant demonstrates in structional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain imminent and full power

- on stalls, in climbing flight ( straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, from an instructional standpoint. IA.V. B.S1

2. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain proper stall recovery techniques promptly after a full stall has occurred. IA.V. B.S2

3. Analyze a nd correct simulated common errors related to power

- on stalls, in climbing flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations. IA.V. B.S 3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigat e

risks, encompassing:

1. Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. B.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to

inclu de a ircraft performance indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. IA.V. B.R2

3. Uncoordinated flight. IA.V. B.R3

4. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance

. IA.V. B.R 4

5. Required actions for a ircraft maximum performance and the consequences of failing to implement these actions IA.V. B.R 5

6. Avoiding accelerated stalls. IA.V. B.R6

7. C ollision avoidance. IA.V. B.R 7Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

23 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task C. Power

- Off Stalls (Proficiency)

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3

Objective To de termine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with Power

- Off Stalls.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrat es instructional knowledge by describing:

1. Aerodynamics of power

- off stalls. I A.V. C.K1

2. Relationship of various factors such as landing gear and flap configuration, weight, center of gravity, load factor, and bank angle to stall speed. IA.V. C.K2

3. Flight situations where unintentional power

- off stalls may occur. IA.V. C.K3

4. Entry technique and minimum entry altitude. IA.V. C.K4

5. Performance of power

- off stalls in descending flight (straight or turning). IA.V. C.K5

6. Coordination of flight controls. IA.V. C.K6

7. Recognition of the first indications of power

- off stalls. IA.V. C.K7

8. Recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude. IA.V. C.K8

9. Common errors related to power

- off stalls. IA.V. C.K9

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain imminent and full power

- off

stall s, in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations, from an instructional standpoint. IA.V. C.S1

2. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain proper stall recovery techniques promptly after a full stall has occurr ed. IA.V. C.S2

3. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to power

- off stalls, in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations. IA.V. C.S 3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. D ynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. C.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to include aircraft performance indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. IA.V. C.R2

3. Uncoordinated flight

. IA.V. C.R3

4. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance

. IA.V

. C.R 4

5. Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences of failing to implement these actions

. IA.V. C.R 5

6. C ollision avoidance. IA.V. C.R 6Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 24

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task D. Cross

- Controlled Stalls

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 9

Objective To determine that th e applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with c ross

- controlled s talls.

Knowledge 1. The applicant demonstrat es understanding by describing:

2. Aerodynamics of cross

- controlled stalls. IA.V. D.K1

3. E ffects of crossed controls in gliding or reduced airspeed descending

turns. IA.V. D.K2

4. Flight situations where unintentional cross

- controlled stalls may occur. IA.V. D.K3

5. Entry technique and minimum entry altitude. IA.V. D.K4

6. Recognition of cross

- con trolled stalls. IA.V. D.K5

7. Recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude. IA.V. D.K6

8. Common errors related to cross

- controlled stalls. IA.V. D.K7

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain a cross

- controlled stall in a specified configuration. IA.V. D.S1

2. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain proper stall recovery techniques promptly after a full stall has occurred. IA.V. D.S2

3. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to a cross

controlled stall in a specified configuration. IA.V. D.S 3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, ai rcraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. D.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to include aircraft performance indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning systems such as a stall h orn. IA.V. D.R2

3. Uncoordinated flight. IA.V. D.R3

4. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. IA.V. D.R4

5. Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences of failing to implement these actions. IA.V. D.R5

6. Collisi on avoidance. IA.V. D.R6Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

25 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task E. Elevator Trim Stalls (Demonstration)

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 9

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with Elevator Trim Stalls.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understand ing by describing:

1. Aerodynamics of elevator trim stalls. IA.V. E.K1

2. Hazards of inadequate control pressures to compensate for thrust, torque, and up

- elevator trim during go

- around and other related

mane uvers. IA.V. E.K2

3. Flight situations where elevator trim stalls could occur. IA.V. E.K3

4. Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude. IA.V. E.K 4

5. Recognition of elevator trims stalls. IA.V. E.K 5

6. Importance of recovering from an elevator trim stall immed iately upon recognition. IA.V. E.K 6

7. Common errors related to elevator trim stalls. IA.V. E.K 7

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain elevator trim stalls, in selected landing gear and flap c onfigurations. IA.V. E.S1

2. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain proper stall recovery techniques promptly after a full stall has occurred. IA.V. E.S2

3. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to elevator trim stalls in selected landing gear a nd flap configurations. IA.V. E.S 3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, aircraft configuration, ai rcraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. E.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to include aircraft performance indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. IA.V. E.R2

3. Uncoord inated flight. IA.V. E.R3

4. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. IA.V. E.R4

5. Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences of failing to implement these actions. IA.V. E.R5

6. Collision avoidance. IA.V. E.R6Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 26

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task F. Secondary Stalls (Demonstration)

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 9

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with Secondary Stalls.

Knowledge The applicant demons trat es understanding by describing:

1. Aerodynamics of secondary stalls. IA.V. F.K1

2. Flight situations where secondary stalls may occur. IA.V. F.K2

3. Hazards of secondary stalls during normal stall or spin recovery. IA.V. F.K3

4. Entry procedure and minimu m entry altitude. IA.V. F.K4

5. Recognition of a secondary stall. IA.V. F.K5

6. Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude. IA.V. F.K6

Skills The applicant demonst rates instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain secondary stal ls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations. IA.V. F.S1

2. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain proper stall recovery techniques after a secondary stall has occurred. IA.V. F.S2

3. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to secondary

st alls in selected landing gear and flap configurations. IA.V. F.S 3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed,

load fac tor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. F.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to include aircraft performance indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. IA.V. F.R2

3. Uncoordinated flight. IA.V. F.R3

4. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. IA.V. F.R4

5. Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences of failing to implement these actions. IA.V. F.R5

6. Collision avoidance. IA.V. F.R6Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

27 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task G. Spins

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills

and risk management associated with s pins.

NOTE: At the discretion of the examine r, a logbook record attesting applicant instructional competency in spin entries, spins, and spin recoveries may be accepted in lieu of this Task. The flight instructor who conducted the spin instruction must certify the logbook record.

Knowledge The appl icant demonstrat es understanding by describing:

1. Anxiety factors associated with spin instruction. IA.V. G.K1

2. Aerodynamics of spins. IA.V. G.K2

3. The four phases of spins. IA.V. G

. K3

4. Airplanes approved for the spin maneuver based on airworthiness

cate gory and type certificate. IA.V. G.K 4

5. Relationship of various factors such as configuration, weight, center of gravity, and control coordination to spins. IA.V. G.K 5

6. Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur. IA.V. G.K 6

7. How to recognize a nd recover from imminent, unintentional spins. IA.V. G.K 7

8. Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude for intentional spins. IA.V. G.K 8

9. Control procedure to maintain a stabilized spin. IA.V. G.K 9

10. Orientation during a spin. IA.V. G.K 10

11. Which instrume nt(s) are reliable for determining the direction of spin to affect recovery and which are not. IA.V. G.K11

12. Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude for intentional spins. IA.V. G.K12

13. Effects of inappropriate recovery control inputs. IA.V. G.K13

14. Common errors related to performing spins. IA.V. G.K14

Skills The applicant demonstrates instructional a bility to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain a spin. IA.V. G.S1

2. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain proper spin recovery procedures. IA .V. G.S2

3. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to spins. IA.V. G.S 3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks, encompassing:

1. D ynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, a irspeed, load factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. G.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to include aircraft performance indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning s ystems such as a stall horn. IA.V. G.R2

3. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance

. IA.V. G.R3

4. Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences of failing to implement these actions

. IA.V. G.R4

5. Uncoordinated fli ght. IA.V. G.R5

6. H azards associated with the improper application of flight control inputs during the spin recovery. IA.V. G.R6Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 2 : Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 28

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Task H. Accelerated Maneuver Stalls (Demonstration)

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; Private Pilot ‒ Airplane ACS ; POH/A F M

Object ive To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional competence in the elements, skills,

and risk management associated with demonstrating accelerated maneuver stalls.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrat es understanding by describing:

Aerodynamics of accelerated maneuver stalls in various aircraft configurations and attitudes

. IA.V. H.K1

1. The maneuver in relation to realistic flight scenarios. IA.V. H.K2

2. Circumstances that can lead to an inadvertent spin. IA.V. H.K3

3. Flight situations where acc elerated stalls could occur. IA.V. H.K4

4. Approach to stall and full stall indications. IA.V. H.K 5

5. Aircraft inputs required to maintain heading or bank angle. IA.V. H.K 6

6. Efficient stall recovery procedure. IA.V. H.K 7

7. Importance of establishing the co rrect aircraft configuration during the recovery process and the consequences of failing to do so, as applicable. IA.V. H.K 8

8. Hazards of accelerated stalls during stall or spin recovery

. IA.V. H.K 9

9. Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude. IA.V. H.K 10

10. Recognition of the accelerated stall. IA.V. H.K1 1

11. Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude. IA.V. H.K12

Skills The applicant demonstrate s instructional ability to:

1. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain accelerated maneuver stall. IA.V. H. S1

2. Demonstrate and simultaneously explain proper stall recovery techniques promptly after an accelerated stall has occurred. IA.V. H.S2

3. Analyze and correct simulated common errors related to accelerated

stalls. IA.V. H.S 3

Risk Management The applicant demonstr ates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

risks encompassing:

1. Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. IA.V. H.R1

2. Recognition and response to indications of high angle of attack, to include aircraft performance indications such as airframe buffet and artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. IA.V. H.R2

3. Uncoordinated flight. IA.V. H.R3

4. The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. IA.V. H.R4

5. Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences of failing to implement these actions. IA.V. H.R5

6. Scenarios during which an accelerated stall can occur. IA.V. H.R6

7. Inadvertent stall/spin entry. IA.V. H.R7Aut horized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 3: Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Airplane & Helicopter

29 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR SECTION 3: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ‒ INSTRUMENT AIRPLANE AND HELICOPTER

Completion Standards

A. Knowledge Test

( 1 ) Pass the appropriate Knowledge Test

.

B. Practical Test

( 1 ) To determine that the instructor

- applicant can:

( a ) Demonstrate instructional competence in the tasks;

( b ) Facilitate the le arning of subject material;

( c ) Explai n and demonstrate the maneuvers;

( d ) Exemp lify risk management skills;

( e) Promote professionalism; and

( f ) Analyze and correct comm on student errors found in the Instrument Rati ng ACS.

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

[To be developed and published in conjunction with the Instrument Rating ACS .]

Areas of Operation

[To be developed and published in conjunction with the Instrument Rating ACS .]Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 3: Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Airplane and Helicopter

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 30

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR This page intentionally left blank.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 4 : Flight Instructor ‒ Rotorcraft Helicopter

31 FAA

- S

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- XX

140624 Auth orized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR SECTION 4: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ‒ ROTORCRAFT HELICOPTE R

Completion Standards

A. Knowledge Test

(1) Pass the appropriate Knowledge Test.

B. Practical Test

(1) To determine that the instructor

- applicant can:

(a) Demonstrate instructional competence in the tasks;

(b) Facilitate the learning of subject material;

(c) Explain and demonstrate the maneuvers;

(d) Exemplify risk management skills;

(e) Promote professionalism; and

(f) Analyze and correct common student errors found in the Commercial Pil ot ‒ Rotorcraft (Helicopter and Gyroplane)

.

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

[To be developed and published in conjunction with the Private Pilot ACS for Rotorcraft and the

Commercial Pilot ACS for Rotorcraft .]

Areas of Operation

[To be developed and publis hed in conjunction with the Private Pilot ACS for Rotorcraft and the Commercial Pilot ACS for Rotorcraft.]Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 4: Flight Instructor ‒ Rotorcraft Helicopter

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 32

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR This page intentionally left blank.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 5: Flight Instructor ‒ Glider

33 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR SECTION 5: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ‒ GLIDER

Completion Standards

A. Know ledge Test

(1) Pass the appropriate Knowledge Test.

B. Practical Test

(1) To determine that the instructor

- applicant can:

(a) Demonstrate instructional competence in the tasks;

(b) Facilitate the learning of subject material;

(c) Explain and demo nstrate the maneuvers;

(d) Exemplify risk management skills;

(e) Promote professionalism; and

(f) Analyze and correct common student er rors found in the Commercial Pilot ‒ Glider ACS, and the Areas of Operation in this ACS:

I. Fundamentals of Instructing

II. Technical Subject Areas (ACS System Reference)

III. Preflight Preparation

IV. Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight

V. Fundamentals of Flight

VI. Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins

C. ACS System Reference Matrix

[To be developed and published in conjunction with the Private Pilot ACS for Glider and the Commercial Pilot ACS for Glider.]

Areas of Operation

[To be developed and published in conjunction with the Private Pilot ACS for Glider and the Commercial Pilot ACS for Glider.]Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 5: Flight Instructor ‒ Glider

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 34

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR This page intentionally left blank.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Section 6: Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Pilot

35 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR SECTION 6 : FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ‒ SPORT PILOT

Completion Standards

A. Knowledge Test

(1) Pass the appropriate Knowledge Test.

B. Practical Test

(1) To determine that the instructor

- applicant can:

(a) Demonstrate instructional competence in the tasks;

(b) Facilit ate the learning of subject material;

(c) Explain and demonstrate the maneuvers;

(d) Exemplify risk management skills;

(e) Promote professionalism; and

(f) Analyze and correct common student errors found in the Sport Pilot ACS (appropriate excepti ons/additions for category & class), and the following Areas of Operation in this ACS:

I. Fundamentals of Instructing

II. Technical Subject Areas (ACS System Reference)

IV. Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight

C. ACS System Reference Ma trix

[To be developed and published in conjunction with the Sport Pilot ACS.]

Areas of Operation

[To be developed and published in conjunction with the Sport Pilot ACS.]Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Sectio n 6: Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Pilot

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 36

14 0624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR This page intentionally left blank.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Appendix 1: The Knowledge Test

1

- 1 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 1 : THE KNOWLEDGE TES T

The knowledge test is an important part of the airman certification process. The instructor

- applicant must pass the knowledge test before taking the practical test.

Knowledge Test Description

The knowledge test consists of objective, multiple

- choice questions. There is a single correct response for each test question. Each test question is independent of other questions. A correct response to one question does not depend upon, or influence, the correct response to another.

Knowledge Tests for Instructor Certificates and Ratings

Code Title Questions Time

FOI Fundamentals of Instructing 50 1.5

MCI Military Competency Instructor 125 3.0

Ground Instructor

BGI Basic Ground Instructor 80 2.5

AGI Advanced Ground Instructor 100 2.5

IGI Instrument Ground Instructor 50 2.5

Airplane

FIA Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane 100 2.5

AFA Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

- Added Rating 25 1.0

FII Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Airplane 50 2.5

AIF Flight instructor ‒ Instrument Airplane

‒ Added Rating 25 1.0

Helicopter

FRH Flight Instructor ‒ Rotorcraft Helicopter 100 2.5

HFA Flight Instructor ‒ Helicopter

- Added Rating 25 1.0

FIH Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Helicopter 50 2.5

HIF Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Helicopter ‒ Added Rating 25 1.0

Gyroplane

FRG Flight Instructor ‒ Gyroplane 100 2.5

GFA Flight Instructor ‒ Gyroplane ‒ Added Rating 25 1.0

Glider

FIG Flight Instructor ‒ Glider 100 2.5

AFG Flight Instructor ‒ Glider ‒ Added Rating 25 1.0

Sport Pilot

SIA Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Airplane 70 2.5
SIB Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Balloon 70 2.5

SIG Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Glider 70 2.5
SIL Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Lighter

- Than

- Air (Airship) 70 2.5
SIP Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Powered Parachute 70 2.5
SIW Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Weight

- Shift

- Control 70 2.5

SIY Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Gyroplane 70 2.5Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Appendix 1: The Knowledge Test

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 1

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Knowledge Test Instructor Certificate/Rating Matrix

The required Knowledge Test(s) for the Instructor Certificate or Rating sought are also determined by the Instructor Certificate/Rating(s) held by the instructor

- applicant.

* The instructor

- applicant does not have to take the FOI test if he or she meets the requirements of 14 CFR 61.183, or 14 CFR 61.73.

** Flight Instructors with Sport Pilot Rating seeking additional category/class privileges comply with the requirements of 14 CFR 61.419(a).

NOTE: The Military Competency Instructor (MCI) Knowledge Test incorporates the FOI, CFI, and CFII knowledge areas in a single test. As long as the instructor

- applicant meets the requirements of 14 CFR 61.73 and passes the MCI knowledge test, the evaluator may issue the appropriate instructor ratings.

Legend:

AFA Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

- Added Rating HFA Flight Instructor ‒ Helicopter

- Added Rating

AFG Flight Instructor ‒ Glider ‒ Added Rating HIF Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Helicopter ‒ Added Rating

AGI Advanced Ground Instructor IA Instrument Airplane

AIF Flight instructor ‒ Instrument Airplane ‒ Added Rating IGI Instrument Grou nd Instructor

AME Airplane Multiengine IH Instrument Helicopter

ASE Airplane Single Engine RG Rotorcraft Gyroplane

BGI Basic Ground Instructor RH Rotorcraft Helicopter

FIA Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane SIA Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Airplane

FIG Flight Instructor ‒ Glider SIB Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Balloon

FIH Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Helicopter SIG Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Glider

FII Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Airplane SIL Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Lighter

- Than

- Air (Airship)

FRG Flight Instructor ‒ Gyroplane SIP Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Powered Parachute

G Glider SIW Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Weight

- Shift

- Control

GFA Flight Instructor ‒ Gyroplane ‒ Added Rating SIY Flight Instructor ‒ Sport GyroplaneAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Eligibility Requirements

For info rmation concerning eligibility for Ground Instructor or Flight Instructor certification, please refer to:

 Medical Certificates (Flight Instructor only) : Requirement and Duration: 14 CFR 61.23

 Knowledge Test: Prerequisites and Passing Grades: 14 CFR 61.35

 Eligibility: 14 CFR 61.183, 61.185, 61.187, 61.213, 61.405

Knowledge Test Centers

The FAA authorizes hundreds of knowledge testing center locations that offer a full range of airman knowledge tests. For information on authorized testing centers and to regi ster for the knowledge test, contact one of the providers listed at www.faa.gov

.

Knowledge Test Registration

When you contact a knowledge testing center to register for a test, please be prepared to select a test
date, c hoose a testing center, and make financial arrangements for test payment when you call. You may register for test(s) several weeks in advance, and you may cancel in accordance with the testing center’s cancellation policy.

Test Authorization

In order to t ake a Ground Instructor or Flight Instructor knowledge test, you must provide proper identification. To verify your eligibility to take a Flight Instructor test, you must also provide a statement or logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certify ing that the applicant completed an applicable ground training on the fundamentals of instructing listed in 14 CFR 61.185 appropriate to the required knowledge test or home study course and is prepared for the knowledge test (14 CFR 61.35, 61.183(d),

61.30 9).

Acceptable forms of retest authorization for ALL Ground Instructor/Flight Instructor knowledge tests:

 Original failed, passing, or expired Airman Knowledge Test Report, provided the applicant still has the test report in his or her possession.

NOTE: I f the applicant no longer possesses the original test report, he or she may present an ‘expired test/credit’ letter issued by AFS

- 760.

 An applicant retesting AFTER FAILURE is required to submit the applicable test report indicating failure, along with an e ndorsement from an authorized instructor who gave the applicant the required additional training. The endorsement must certify that the applicant is competent to pass the test. The test proctor must retain the original failed test report presented as autho rization and attach it to the applicable sign

- in/out log.

Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips

Before starting the actual test, the testing center will provide an opportunity to practice navigating through the test. This practice or tutorial session may incl ude sample questions to familiarize the applicant with the look and feel of the software. (e.g., selecting an answer, marking a question for later review, monitoring time remaining for the test, and other features of the testing software).

The applicant ma y use the following aids, reference materials, and test materials, as long as the material does not include actual test questions or answers:Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Acceptable Materials Unacceptable Materials Notes
Supplement book provided by
proctor Written materials that are handwritten, printed, or

electronic Testing centers may provide calculators and/or deny the use of personal calculators

All models of aviation

- oriented

calculators or small electronic calculators that perform only

arithmetic functions Electronic calculat ors incorporating permanent or continuous type memory circuits without erasure capability Unit Member (proctor) may prohibit the use of your

calculator if he or she is

unable to determine the calculator’s erasure capability Calculators with simple

program mable memories, which allow addition to, subtraction from, or

retrieval of one number from the memory; or simple functions, such as square root and percentages Magnetic cards, magnetic tapes, modules, computer chips, or any other device upon which pre

writ ten programs or information

related to the test can be stored

and retrieved Printouts of data must be surrendered at the completion

of the test if the calculator incorporates this design

feature.

Scales, straightedges, protractors, plotters, navigation co mputers, blank log sheets, holding pattern entry
aids, and electronic or mechanical calculators that are directly related to

the test Dictionaries Before, and upon completion of the test, while in the presence of the Unit Member,

actuate the ON/OFF switch or RESET button, and perform any other function that ensures erasure of any data stored in memory circuits Manufacturer’s permanently

inscribed instructions on the front and back of such aids, e.g., formulas, conversions, regulations, signals, weather dat

a, holding pattern diagrams, frequencies, weight and balance formulas, and air traffic control procedures Any booklet or manual containing instructions related to

use of test aids Unit Member makes the final determination regarding aids,

reference material s, and test

materials

When taking a knowledge test, please keep the following points in mind:

 Carefully read the instructions provided with the test.

 Answer each question in accordance with the latest regulations and guidance publications.

 Read each ques tion carefully before looking at the answer options. You should clearly understand the problem before trying to solve it.

 After formulating a response, determine which answer option corresponds with your answer. The answer you choose should completely solv e the problem.

 Remember that only one answer is complete and correct. The other possible answers are either incomplete or erroneous.

 If a certain question is difficult for you, mark it for review and return to it after you have answered

the less difficult questions. This procedure will enable you to use the available time to maximum advantage.

 When solving a calculation problem, be sure to read all the associated notes.

 For questions involving use of a graph, you may request a printed copy that you can ma rk in computing your answer. This copy and all other notes and paperwork must be given to the testing center upon completion of the test.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR FAA Knowledge Test Question Coding

Each Task in the Airman Certification Standard includes an Airman Certification S tandards (ACS) code. This ACS code is displayed on the airman test report to indicate what task element was proven deficient on the Knowledge Exam. Instructors can then provide remedial training in the deficient areas and

evaluators can re

- test this elemen t during the practical exam.

The ACS coding consists of 4 elements. For example: this code is deciphered as follows:

IA.I. B .K 6 :

IA = Applicable ACS Applicable ACS and Section denoting Aircraft category (Instructor, Airplane,

which is Section 2 of this d ocument )

I = Area of Operation ( Technical Subject Areas )

B = Task ( 14 CFR and Publications )

K 6 = Knowledge Task Element 6 ( Flight information publications )

Every question is correlated to a specific ACS Task/Element. This coding methodology will b e useful to all

involved with airman certification

― the applicant, the evaluator, and the flight instructor. It indicates what test subjects (tasks) were satisfactorily passed and what tasks need to be reviewed prior to the practical

test.

Testing Procedures for Applicants Requesting Special Accommodation s

An applicant with a learning or reading disability may request approval from AFS

- 630 through the local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) or International Field Office/International Field Unit (IFO/IFU) to take an airman knowledge test using one of the three options listed below, in preferential order:

Option 1 : Use current testing facilities and procedures whenever possible.

Option 2 : Use a self

- contained, electronic device which pronounces and displays typed

- in words (e.g., the Franklin Speaking Wo rdmaster®) to facilitate the testing process.

NOTE: The device should consist of an electronic thesaurus that audibly pronounces typed

- in words and presents them on a display screen. The device should also have a built

- in headphone jack in order to

avoid d isturbing others during testing.

Option 3 : Request the proctor's assistance in reading specific words or terms from the test questions and/or supplement book. To prevent compromising the testing process, the proctor must be an individual

with no aviation b ackground or expertise. The proctor may provide reading assistance only (i.e., no explanation of words or terms). When an applicant requests this option, the FSDO or IFO/IFU inspector must contact the Airman Testing Standards Branch (AFS

- 630) for assistanc e in selecting the test site and assisting the proctor. Before approving any option, the FSDO or IFO/IFU inspector must advise the applicant of the regulatory certification requirement to be able to read, write, speak, and understand the English language.

Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct

Computer testing centers must follow strict security procedures to avoid test compromise in accordance with FAA Order 8080.6 (as amended), Conduct of Airman Knowledge Tests. Testing centers will terminate a test any t ime the test proctor suspects an occurrence of cheating.

The FAA will conduct an investigation of the incident. If the investigation determines that cheating or unauthorized conduct occurred, any airman certificate or rating the applicant holds may be revo ked. In addition, the applicant may be prohibited from applying for or taking any test for a certificate or rating under 14 CFR part 61 for a period of one year.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Airman Knowledge Test Report

Immediately upon completion of the knowledge test, the applican t receives a printed Airman Knowledge Test Report documenting the score with the testing center's raised, embossed seal. The applicant must retain the original Airman Knowledge Test Report. The instructor must provide instruction in each area of deficiency and provide a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge in each area. When taking the practical test, the applicant must present the original Airman Knowledge Test Report to the evaluator, who is required to assess the noted areas of deficiency during the oral portion of the practical test.

An Airman Knowledge Test Report expires 24

- calendar months from the month the applicant completes the knowledge test. If the Airman Knowledge Test Report expires before co mpletion of the practical test, the applicant must retake the knowledge test.

To obtain a duplicate Airman Knowledge Test Report due to loss or destruction of the original, the applicant can send a signed request accompanied by a check or money order for $ 1.00, payable to the

FAA to:

Federal Aviation Administration Airmen Certification Branch, AFS

- 760

P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Appendix 2: The Practical Test

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 2 : THE PRACTICAL TES T

The evaluator must conduct the practical test in accordance with this ACS. The evalu ator must assess

the instructor

- applicant on the Skill elements of all Tasks in each Area of Operation in the applicable Section of the Authorized Instructor ACS (and referenced pilot ACS document(s), as applicable) unless

otherwise noted. The evaluator sh ould also assess at least one Knowledge element and one Risk Management element in each Area of Operation, with special focus on any task element(s) the instructor

applicant missed on the knowledge exam.

NOTE : The instructor

- applicant must pass the knowled ge test before taking the practical test, and the

instructor

- applicant must pass the oral portion of the practical test before beginning the flight portion.

For an instructor

- applicant who holds a flight instructor certificate and seeks an additional fligh t instructor certificate or rating, the examiner shall evaluate that instructor

- applicant in the Areas of Operation and Tasks listed in the applicable Section of the Authorized Instructor ACS (and referenced pilot ACS document(s), as applicable). Please no te, however, that the evaluator has the discretion to evaluate the applicant’s competence in the remaining Areas of Operation and Tasks.

Conduct of the Practical Test

The evaluator must develop a written Plan of Action to conduct the practical test, which includes all required Areas of Operation and Tasks. The Plan of Action will include a scenario that evaluates as many of the required Areas of Operation and Tasks as possible. As the scenario unfolds during the test, the examiner will interject problems an d emergencies the instructor

- applicant must manage.

The evaluator has the discretion and flexibility to change the Plan of Action in order to accommodate unexpected situations as they arise. The evaluator will evaluate any selected Task in its entirety. Th e evaluator may elect to suspend a scenario and then resume the scenario in order to assess certain tasks.

If performing aspects of a given maneuver, such as emergency procedures, would jeopardize safety, the evaluator will ask the applicant to simulate th at portion of the maneuver.

Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the instructor

- applicant is evaluated on the use of an approved manufacturer’s checklist or equivalent.

NOTE : If there is no published manufacturer's checklist, the instructor

- app licant may use the appropriate FAA handbook or equivalent checklist.

Assessing proper checklist use depends upon the specific Task. In all cases, the evaluator should

determine whether the instructor

- applicant appropriately divides attention and uses prope r visual scanning. In some situations, reading the actual checklist may be impractical or unsafe. In such cases,

the evaluator should assess the instructor

- applicant's performance of published or recommended immediate action "memory" items along with his o r her review of the appropriate checklist once conditions permit.

Use of Distractions

Research and accident analysis indicate that pilot distraction during critical phases of flight is a factor in many accidents. The evaluator will cause realistic distract ions during the flight portion of the practical test

in order to evaluate the instructor

- applicant's ability to use and maintain proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

A ppendix 2: The Practical Test

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140624 Authorized Instru ctor ACS DRAFT vFR Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

There must always be a clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, the pilots involved should conduct a briefing that includes reviewing the procedures for exchanging flight controls.

The FAA recommends a positive three

- step p rocess for exchanging flight controls between pilots:

 When one pilot seeks to have the other pilot take control of the aircraft, he or she will say, "You have the flight controls."

 The second pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, "I have the flight con trols."

 The first pilot again says, "You have the flight controls."

Pilots should follow this procedure during any exchange of flight controls, including any occurrence during the practical test. The FAA also recommends that both pilots use a visual check to verify that the exchange has occurred. There must never be any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft.

Stall and Spin Awareness

During flight training and testing, the instructor

- applicant and the instructor or evaluator must always recognize and avoid operations that could lead to an inadvertent stall or spin.

Possible Outcomes of the Practical Test

There are three possible outcomes of the practical test: (1) satisfactory, (2) unsatisfactory, or (3)

discontinuance.

Satisfactory

Satisfactory performance requires the instructor

- applicant to:

 Perform the Tasks specified in the Areas of Operation for the flight instructor certificate or rating sought within the approved standards;

 Demonstrate mastery of the aircraft by performing each Task successfully;

 Dem onstrate proficiency and competency in accordance with the approved standards;

 Demonstrate sound judgment and exercise aeronautical decision

- making/risk management;

 Demonstrate single

- pilot competence if the aircraft is type certificated for single

- pilot o perations.

Satisfactory performance will result in the issuance of a temporary certificate.

NOTE : The tolerances listed in the ACS represent the performance expected in good flying conditions.

Unsatisfactory

If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the instr uctor

- applicant does not meet the standards for any Task, the

instructor

- applicant fails the Task and associated Area of Operation, the test is unsatisfactory, and the examiner issues a Notice of Disapproval. When the examiner issues a Notice of Disapprova l, he or she shall list the Area of Operation in which the instructor

- applicant did not meet the standard. The Notice of Disapproval must also list the Area(s) of Operation not tested, and the number of practical test failures.

The examiner or the instruct or

- applicant may end the test if the instructor

- applicant fails a Task. The examiner may continue the test only with the consent of the instructor

- applicant, and the instructor

applicant is entitled to credit for only those Areas of Operation and the assoc iated Tasks performed satisfactorily. Though not required, the examiner has discretion to reevaluate any Task, including those previously passed, during the retest.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for disqualification include:

 Any a ction or lack of action by the instructor

- applicant that requires corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight.

 Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers.

 Consi stently exceeding tolerances stated in the Skill elements of the Task.

 Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded.

 Failure to exercise Risk Management.

NOTE: If a performance standard is not definitively established for a Task el ement it should not be used as the basis for a judgment of unsatisfactory. Instead, perceived deficiencies in areas without specific performance parameters should be provided as feedback to the instructor

- applicant’s instructor(s) and/or flight school(s) t o focus more on those areas in the future. In addition, the perceived deficiencies should be highlighted during the practical exam debrief to encourage the applicant to work on attempting to further incorporate those skills into their airmanship.

Discontin uance

When it is necessary to discontinue a practical test for reasons other than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., equipment failure, weather, illness), the evaluator returns all the test paperwork to the instructor

applicant. The evaluator must prepare, sign, and issue a Letter of Discontinuance that lists those Areas of Operation the instructor

- applicant successfully completed and the time remaining to complete the test.

The evaluator should advise the instructor

- applicant to present the Letter of Discon tinuance to the evaluator when the practical test resumes in order to receive credit for the items successfully completed. The Letter of Discontinuance becomes part of the instructor

- applicant's certification file.

Prerequisites for the Test

In accordance with 14 CFR part 61, an applicant for a Flight Instructor Practical Test must:

 Be at least 18 years of age. (14 CFR 61.183(a), 61.403(a))

 Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language as detailed in AC 60

- 28. (14 CFR 61.183(b), 61.403( b))

 Hold either a commercial pilot certificate or airline transport pilot certificate with an aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought and an instrument rating, or privileges on that person's pilot certi ficate that are appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought, if applying for: (i) a flight instructor certificate with an airplane category and single

- engine class rating; (ii) a flight instructor certificate with an airplane category and multiengin e class rating; (iii) a flight instructor certificate with a powered

- lift rating; or a flight instructor certificate with an instrument rating. (14 CFR 61.183(c))

 Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor on the fundamentals of instructin g listed in 14 CFR 61.185 appropriate to the required knowledge test. (14 CFR 61.183(d))

 Pass a knowledge test on the areas listed in 14 CFR 61.185(a)(1), unless the applicant holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued un der this part; holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. (14 CF R 61.183(e))

 Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 14 CFR 61.185(a)(2) and (a)(3) that are appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought. (14 CFR 61.183(f))

 Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor on t he areas of operation listed in 14 CFR 61.187(b) appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought. (14 CFR 61.183(g))Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instru ctor ACS DRAFT vFR  Pass the required practical test that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought in an aircraft that is representative of the category and class of aircraft for the aircraft rating sought; or in a flight simulator or approved flight training device that is representative of the category and class of aircraft for the rating sought, and used in accordance with a course at a traini ng center certificated under 14 CFR part 142. (14 CFR 61.183(h))

 Log at least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category and class of aircraft that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought. (14 CFR 61.183(j))

 Comply with the appropriate sect ions of 14 CFR part 61 that apply to the flight instructor rating sought. (14 CFR 61.183(k))

 For a flight instructor certificate with an airplane or a glider rating: (1) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor indicating that the applic ant is competent and possesses instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures after providing the applicant with flight training in those training areas in an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certif icated for spins; and (2) Demonstrate instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures. However, upon presentation of the endorsement specified above, an examiner may accept that endorsement as satisfactory

evid ence of instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures for the practical test, provided that the practical test is not a retest as a result of the applicant failing the previous test for deficiencies in the kn owledge or skill of stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin recovery instructional procedures. If the retest is a result of deficiencies in the ability of an applicant to demonstrate knowledge or skill of stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin rec overy instructional procedures, the examiner must test the person on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery instructional procedures in an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certificated for spins. (14 CFR 61.183(i))

 For a flight in structor certificate with a sport pilot rating, hold at least a sport pilot certificate with category and class ratings or privileges, as applicable, that are appropriate to the flight instructor privileges sought. (14 CFR 61.403(c))

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

The aircraft the instructor

- applicant uses for the practical test must:

 Be the appropriate category, class and type (if applicable) for which the instructor

- applicant is applying for a flight instructor certificate or ratin g. (14 CFR 61.45(a)(1)(i))

 Be of U.S. registry or, at the examiner's discretion, foreign or military registry if it meets the requirements of 14 CFR 61.45(a)(2). (14 CFR 61.45(a))

 Have a standard airworthiness certificate or special airworthiness certifica te in the limited, primary, or light

- sport category. (14 CFR 61.45(a)(1)(ii))

Note: At the discretion of the examiner, the instructor

- applicant may furnish an aircraft that meets the requirements of 14 CFR 61.45(a)(2). (14 CFR 61.45(a)(2))

 Have the equi pment for each area of operation required for the practical test; no prescribed operating limitations that prohibit its use in any of the areas of operation required for the practical test; at least two pilot stations with adequate visibility for each pers on to operate the aircraft safely (except as provided in 14 CFR 61.45 (e) and (f)); and cockpit and outside visibility adequate to evaluate the performance of the instructor

- applicant. (14 CFR 61.45(b)(1))

 Have engine power controls and flight controls tha t are easily reached and operable in a conventional manner by both pilots (except for lighter

- than

- air aircraft, and a glider without an engine) unless the examiner determines that the practical test can be conducted safely in the

aircraft without the cont rols easily reached by the examiner. (14 CFR 61.45(c))

 Be capable of performing all appropriate Tasks for the flight instructor certificate/rating soughtAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR  For airplanes:

o A complex airplane must be used to demonstrate the takeoff, landing, and emergency

pro cedures.

o A complex landplane is one having retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller.

o A complex seaplane is one having flaps, floats, and controllable pitch propeller.

o Airplanes with a full authority digital engine control ( FADEC) system are considered to have a controllable pitch propeller.

o If an instructor

- applicant holds an Airplane Multiengine Instructor Rating, they are not required to use a complex airplane for an added Airplane Single Engine instructor class rating.

Note: Providing the initial practical test was completed in a complex airplane, the renewal or reinstatement of the flight instructor certificate may be performed in a non

- complex airplane, at

the discretion of the examiner.

Instructor Responsibilities

In structors are responsible for training the instructor

- applicant to acceptable standards in knowledge, skills, and risk management elements/procedures in all the required Tasks.

Evaluator Responsibilities

The evaluator who conducts the practical test is res ponsible for determining the instructor

- applicant meets the acceptable standards of aeronautical knowledge, skills, and risk management for each Task listed/referenced in the appropriate Section of the Authorized Instructor ACS (and the applicable pilot

AC S document(s)).

The evaluator must test at least one item in each of the Knowledge and Risk Management elements for every Task, emphasizing the topics (if any) the applicant missed on the Knowledge Test. The evaluator

must test each item in the Skills elem ents unless otherwise noted in the Task.

Instructor

- applicants must complete the oral portion of the practical test before the flight portion; however, oral questioning will continue throughout the flight. To the greatest extent practicable, evaluators sha ll test

the instructor

- applicant’s ability to apply and correlate information, and only use rote questions when appropriate for the material being tested.

If the evaluator determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome is uncertain, the evaluator may require the instructor

- applicant to repeat that Task, or portions of that Task. The FAA made this provision in the interest of fairness, but it does not m ean that instruction, practice, or the repetition of an unsatisfactory task is permitted during the practical test.

On multiengine practical tests, where the failure of the most critical engine after liftoff is required, the

instructor

- applicant and examin er must give consideration to local atmospheric conditions, terrain, and type of aircraft used. However, the failure of an engine shall not be simulated until attaining at least

V SSE /V XSE /V YSE and at an altitude not lower than 400 feet AGL.

During simulate d engine failures on multiengine practical tests, after simulated feathering of the propeller, the engine shall be set to zero thrust. The examiner shall require the instructor

- applicant to simultaneously demonstrate and explain procedures for landing with a simulated

- feathered propeller with the engine set to zero thrust. The examiner must not simulate any conditions that may jeopardize safe flight or result in possible damage to the aircraft.

The evaluator will assess the instructor

- applicant’s use of vis ual scanning and collision avoidance procedures throughout the entire test.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

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Appendix 3 : Additional Rating Task T ables

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 3 : ADDITIONAL RATING TA SK TABLES

The following tables describe the required Areas of Operat ion and Tasks for addition of a rating to a Flight

Instructor Certificate.

[To be developed and published in conjunction with each additional Section of the Authorized Instructor

ACS and the accompanying pilot ACS document .]Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Appendix 3 : Additional Rating Task Tables

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Appendix 4: I nstructor Renewal or Reinstatement

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140624 A uthorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 4 : INSTRUCTOR RENEWAL O R REINSTATEMENT

An instructor may renew an unexpired, or reinstate an expired, flight instructor certificate by passing the practical test for any of the valid or expired flight instructor ratings held by the instructor

- applicant.

The instructor

- applicant who seeks renewal or reinstatement does not have to take a knowledge test. However, he or she will be evaluated on the practical application of the Fundamentals if Instructing (FOI) Tasks in the Authorized Instructor ACS and the risk management elements for each Task in the appropriate pilot ACS document(s). The instructor

- applicant is not required to test in a complex airplane if using an airplane to renew or reinstate the fli ght instructor certificate.

Renewing or reinstating any of the flight instructor ratings on a valid or expired flight instructor certificate will renew or reinstate all flight instructor ratings on that certificate.

On the practical test, the evaluator wil l assess the instructor

- applicant on the Tasks listed (in each of the Areas of Operation of the appropriate ACS) in the applicable Table in this Appendix.

NOTE: The Renewal or Reinstatement of one rating on a Flight Instructor Certificate renews or reins tates all privileges existing on the certificate. (14 CFR part 61, section 61.197 and section 61.199)Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Sta ndards

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor

– Single Engine Airplane

Required Area of Operation Number of Tasks

I. Technical Subject Areas  Logbook Entries & Certificate Endorsements ( AI

- IA Task I.C.); and

 1 other Task

I I. Preflight Preparation 1 Task

III

. Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver to be Performed in Flight 1 Task

Preflight Procedures  Taxiing (ASEL)(CA.II.D); and

 1 other Task

Takeoffs, L andings, and Go

- Arounds  2 Takeoffs; and

 2 Landings

Performance Maneuvers 1 Task

Ground Reference Maneuvers 1 Task

V. Slow Flight, Stalls & Spins 2 Tasks

Emergency Procedures 1 Task

Postflight Procedures 1 Task

Legend:

CA Commercial Pilot A irman Certification Standards ‒ Airplane

AI

- IA Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards: Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane (Section 2)Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Appendix 4: I nstructor Renewal or Reinstatement

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140624 A uthorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR Renewal or Reinstatement of a Flight Instructor

– Multiengine Airplane

[To be developed and incorporated i n Appendix 4 of this ACS prior to publication.]Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Sta ndards

Appendix 4: I nstructor Renewal or Reinstatement

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR [ Additional Renewal/Reinstatement tables to be developed and published in conjunction with each additional Section of the Authorized Instructor ACS and the accompanying pilot ACS document.]Authorized Instructor Airman Certi fication Standards

Appendix 5: References

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 5 : REFERENCES

This ACS is based on the following 14 CFR parts, FAA guidance documents , manufacturer’ s publications,

and other documents.

14 CFR part 1 Definition and Abbreviations
14 CFR part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes
14 CFR part 39 Airworthiness Directives
14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration
14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors
14 CFR part 67 Medi cal Standards and Certification
14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules
49 CFR (NTSB) part

830 Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents or Incidents and Overdue Aircraft, and Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage, Mail, Cargo, and Records

AC 00

- 2 Storage and Distribution of Aeronautical Supplies

AC 61

- 65 Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

POH/AFM Pilot’s Operating Handbook/FAA

- Approved Aircraft Flight Manual

FAA

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- 3 Airpl ane Flying Handbook

FAA

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- 9 Aviation Instructor’s Handbook

FAA

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- 23 Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations

Handbook

FAA

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- 25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

TBD Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards (COM ACS)

TBD Private Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards (PVT ACS)

NOTE : Users should reference the current edition of the reference documents listed above. The current

edition of all FAA publications can be found at www.faa.gov

.Authorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Appendix 5: References

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Appendix 6: Abbreviations & Acronyms

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140624 Authorized Instructor ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 6 : ABBREVIATIONS AND AC RONYMS

The following abbreviations and acronyms are used in this ACS.

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations

AC Advisory Circular

ACS Airman Certification Standards

AFA Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

- Added Rating

AFG Flight Instructor ‒ Glider ‒ Added Rating

AFM Airplane Flight Manual

AFS Flight Standards Service

AGI Advanced Ground Instructor

AGL Above Ground Level

AIF Flight I nstructor ‒ Instrument Airplane ‒ Adde d Rating

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

AME Airplane Multiengine

AOA Angle of Attack

ASE Airplane Single Engine

BGI Basic Ground Instructor

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FADEC Full Authority Digital Engine Control

FIA Flight Instructor ‒ Airplane

FIG Flight Instructor ‒ Glider

FIH Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Helicopter

FII Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Airplane

FOI Fundamentals of Instructing

FRG Flight Instructor ‒ Gyroplane

FRH Flight Instructor ‒ Rotorcraft Helicopter

FSDO Flight Standards District Office

G Glider

GFA Flight Instructor ‒ Gyroplane ‒ Added Rating

HFA Flight Instructor ‒ Helicopter

‒ Added Rating

HIF Flight Instructor ‒ Instrument Helicopter ‒ Added Rating

IA Instrument Airplane

IFO International Field O ffice

IFU International Field Unit

IGI Instrument Ground Instructor

IH Instrument Helicopter

IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions

LCG Learner

- Centered Grading

MCI Military Competency Instructor

NAS National Airspace System

NTSB National Transp ortation Safety Board

POH Pilot ’s Operating Handbook

PTS Practical Test Standard s RG Rotorcraft Gyroplane

RH Rotorcraft Helicopter

SIA Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Airplane

SIB Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Balloon

SIG Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Glider

SIL Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Lighter

- Than

- Air (Airship)

SIP Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Powered Parachute

SIW Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Weight

- Shift

- Control

SIY Flight Instructor ‒ Sport Gyroplane

SMS Safety Management SystemAuthorized Instructor Airman Certification Standards

Appendix 6: Abbreviations & Acronyms

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