.., . -------= REF ID:A36266B 

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•- .__. l'tlRM NO. 64 • 

"" ~ 

· Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

TO 

FROM 

SUBJECT: 

Mr. l'riedman 

... " !fW' 

AppUciatJ.oa 478,.193 

DATE: 

;\ 

!he claoialoA ot the Board or A.ppeala la J'Ollr appli•U...4?a.,193 la attl ... • 

The Bxawdner bas been attlrwl. 

I still think that n 1re entitled u much to rel.1' upon dict1onar7 4e1'1Jl1U.. 

al the 'lxaminer is, and I feel that tho Boa...""11. of Appnals sl:ipped over the orux 

ot the mtter (page 5), but I aorloualy doubt that further pr~secution ot the 

oue 'tlftl4 be worthwhile. 

Will you let me have yoU!' views? 

HENRY B. snuna 

@'pproved for Release by NSA on 07-22-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a ~~~~~~~~-
•., 

Appeal No. 21,161 

REF ID:A36266B. 

MAILED 

DEC 8 1950 

U. S. PATEN1 CH F!i.J, 

BOARD OF.APPEAL& 

IN THE UllITID STATES PATIHT OFFICE 

BEFORE THE OOARD OF APPIALS 

!& eartp William F. Frledaan 

--

Paper No. 22 

DH 

Application for Patent filed March 6, l9lt3 1 Serial 

No. 478 1193. Syatea for Enciphering Facailllile. 

r.:r. a.nry B. Stauffer for appellant. 

This ia an appeal from the final rejection or claill 

14. Claims 5, 61 71 1.3, and 15, the r•aining claime in the oaae, 

sta&Ml allowed • . · .. 

The app~aled elaim isi 

. 14. Mean• £.or aeoretly tranndt;ting graphic information eompri•ln~ a deYic• tor ~.-nning and re~aen~ing said graphic in• 

!o.,.atton as a ••ries ot·eleotric 111pai..e1 of varying 1nte.1191t{t 

a .-O\lflage meeeage, • ooond de't'lce .·· arrao1ed for scanning •• a 

c_.,lage meeeage a&l.d·Ttproducing the .-.. as a second aetl•• ot 

e19etr1c impuls•e or y•rying intensity th• impulses of aaid aeoond 

ttri•• being noneynohl'Oaoua with the iapulae1 of said fir•\ aeri••, 

ea elMtroaeClhanlcal·laterlook conneoted \Ulder the control o!·ltoth 

·9£ .•aid aerles ot iil;'11a .. tor energi1a~f.on whenever predeterainecl 00l\b£1:aation1 or i~aea, ooour . in the two nid series or iapul•:•.•, ·aJM1 a tran .. 1tter oontrolled by ea1d in~erlook and adapted to emit 

impulse• wbenevar aat;cl interlock 1s energised.. . 
;21,161 

Venuun, 

Cartier, 

.REF ID:A36266B .• 

July 22. 1919, 

July 26. 19)2. 

The appeal4Mi f laia 1• drawn to a raoaiaile enoipberinc 

eyat.•• wherein a dUDmy or oaoutlage picture ia aeanned eoacurNtntly with a ploture or other aubj•ct.matter containing the 

mesmag• to be tranamitt.4. and wherein the two signal• are interacted to produce an enciphered !acalaile signal. Appellant•• 

apparatus and method of operation baY• bean de•cribed ia detail 

in the Exaa1ner 1 s State!Mlnt 1 to which reference ia mad•• 

The appeal•d elai• has been ~jected as unpat.eatable 

over Cart1•r or Vernam. 

The ba•iner applies the rtt~renoe• to t he cl.ala -.ad 

-ontenda that th• mean• tor a .. r•tly \J!lanallitting graphic inform&• 

tion ia elearly diaclo•ttd bf th• r•t•rt"ea elnce th•yrtlat• to 

.. eret telegraphy system.a. He alao contends that th•s• references 

41-•lo•• a "deyto• for aeanning• aince • tape transi:ait,ter ie a 

•d..te• for aoanning• ~•auee it eensea eucoeaa1ve porti.oaa of a 

...,_.. Th& Bxa•iner al• eta.tee that th• refertTMtea diaolo•• 0 and 

!"'9,,..._enting said grapbie in!'ol"IUltion aa • aeriea or el•otric iapul••a ot varyi~& inteneity.• sil:lce th• iapul•• to be oonYeye4 11 

'"°8lated t.bro~ u• medium or th• tape in th• tranllldtter or 

th$ reference• ioto .• ••ries or apuls•• of varying intensity. 

tb&t is, in Cartt•l- the 1ntua1t7 of th• pul••• Taries rroa a nega• 

\lYe value to a JMt•it1ve Y&lue and in Ve~nam the 1ntena1\1 of-th• 

pulses var1ee from • maximum •olta£e to no voltage. Th• lxu1ner 

also states that -otb ot the reference• disclose wa camouflac.e -.. •• 

eage" as w.ll aa •4 ... oud dev1o• arranged tor soanning •aid oa.oui'l•g• ... eage and nproduting th• eame aa a second ser1•• ot el•o-

-2-
REF ID:A36266B 

121,161 • 

\rlc impulses of varying 1ntena1ty.• The Examiner. also contends that. the ref erenoea dl•oloae •the 1apulaea ot said aeoond 

seri•• being nonsynchronoua with t.ht impulses o! said first 

aert•a" since the operation or the bare I with respect to th• 

bars 11 or Cartier, tor example, is nonaynchronous within th• 

meaninr, of the tera as defined in Webater•a New International 

Dictionary, Unabridged 1940 Edition. Th• lzaainer also statea 

that the references diacloae the electroaethanical interlock a• 

aet forth in the olaim as well •• the transmitter controlled by 

the interlock .. 

The appellant contanda that the Examiner•• poaition• 

that 1ince the reteren••• relat.e \0 t •1-&raphJ they 1nvolv• th• 

tran•ission ot graph1o intormat.ion• 1a only loosely true, He 

atatea tbat originally a telepapb a71tem produced marka on a 

paper at the receiver and may do eo today, although frequently 

t.h• received eigual Jertoratea a 'Ml'•. but that neither or these 

•Y•t•ms includes the tranam.1ss1on Of craphic inf ormatlon whioh 

iapliea the fol'll8tion •t a repltea or taceimile ot the original 

... esaga, 

We do not acre• with appellant•s contention in tb.1• 

reapect since a p•rl'orated tape is a graphic ~epresentation or 

• uaaag•• ea1>9e1&Uy to one sutfic1••ly informed aa to .the 

m.eaninr; or tba · pertorat1ona. Wh11t . we do not agree tba.t the 

tranandesion ot p-aphio information .neoeeaarily impli•• tht !'ol"U• 

tion upon reception o! a taoaimil• of the original mes1age 1 

ne'ferthaleaa ·1t ia very old in th• .telegraph art to reproduce at 

the receiver a repert'orat.1on or th• ta~ used at the tru.eld.'\ter, 

this being eapecially eo 1n secre\ a7atema wherein th• repertor- , . 
REF ID:A36266B 

121,161 • 

ate4 t.ape is subsequently used in connection with th• eoding 

tap• to produee the d1eired 1Haeage. 

Appellallt also eta~e that the kaainer is in error 

in his holding tha\ a tape ~ranamltter is a de~o• for soanning. 

App•lla~t contends that ••can" and •1eanning• ar• teohllical 

terms haY1ng ealablished meanings, •nd he cite• two definitiona 

ot the word• rrom Webeter t • New Int•rnat1onal Dictionary 1 S•toDCl .. 

Edition. 

We £ind no error in the Ex.u.iner •·a holding t.bat. \be 

tape tran8111t~r 0011pris•• a d••ic• for ••aaning since tht tape 

is te4 atep.by-otep longitudinally throucb the ~ranead.t,er and 

at ••h step the preeene• or abaenot ot a pert oration le i.aead 

by the trana111tter pine, .we are or the opinion that thi• progre•ai•• sensing of aucceaaive portions of tha tape ia broadly 

a aeanlling of the tape since 1~ 1.a the 1ueo•••ive expo•••·•f 

... l.1 por\1one or the tape ill a ooGllNlllcat1on syetea and benee 

dO.. ut dieagree wit.h the de!1n1tion ot scanning cited ~-· appellant. I\ i• well known that aom• l•••t.11• systems spirally scan 

the_ taaa• to be truamttted by meu1 ot a feeler elec'"4•• whloh 

1• obnoual7 a ••n•inc 4•Ylt• • Fro• ~1• it. 1 a seen that ther•· 

la • .abeolut• d1•tinctlon, even in taoeiaile a7atema 1 between a 

a•na1ng d•w1o• a a e-.nniag_4••1ee. If .appellant had deairtli 

~\hat a mor• lildt•d me~na b• &1ven t• th• word •ac&nniM" • he 

tould ba1'e done.•• b7 a. proper statement in the epeeU1cat1on •. 

It. f.• well estabU1hed that l1ld\at1.ona eannot be read into • 

el.aila tor th• purpose ~t avoidirig th• prior art even though tbt 

epee1f1oat1on di•eloa•• aueh 11.s.tatlou. 1n .tl Unger; 'OS o.o. 

57~. 
~ .... -.. ~:~ 

...... 

•: .. · .. 

REF ID: A362 668.e · 

·,.,. 

Appellant alao po1nta out that the. appeal .. 1~ 

rew&ulree that th• illpulaee of one aerit• b• non•y1.1cliroaou Wi.tb 

th• lapul••• of tlae other. He oontenda tba\ the ref er·eno•• di ... 

el••• appar&tua in which th• two signal aequencea auat be •JD.• 

ehroaoua in orde.J- t.hat, ooabined 1 t.hey may re•ult in the tlv ... 

unit (OJ' aeven-unit) Ba.S.o• oode the equipments are adapte4 \o 

handle; wnereae, 1o appellaatta dni•• the" ia no nec•••UT 

ti.. rela\1on•h1p between the impuleee of the meeaage and ou.o11-

tlage aeq,uenc••• 

It i• not clear to ua jut what ia aeant b7 the at.at._ 

aent in th• olalll that the S.llpul••• ot the second 1eriea are non• 

•10Chroa.ou with the iapuleee o! the tirat series. It 1• alear 

from appellant•• •P••ifioation that in erder tor both ot •b• 

rela7a 14 and lS to be ailiuitaneoualy • ..... ci••d ·or a111U1...n.oualy 

deenerg1aed, th• iapuls•• nat occur aialtaneoualy or 110\ oocur 

aiaultaneouel7 and in thl• a•n•• they a:r-e eynchronouely produced. 

Tbia l• also.true o£ the r•ferea•••· On \h• other ban4 1 wm.en it 

1•.d•aind to have one of th• rel•Y• 14. or 15 ener1ized &ad the· 

other . deenergi zed• the i11Pul••• of both .•r1ea cannot Odtlll" a1aal-.. 

\&n•CNaly and in tbis •enn they are noMpcbronouea but, thia 11 

ala• true ot th• ret•renc••• blhatever may be the inteod•d a .. n1ng, 

we \lliu t.bat th• reteren••• d1aolose etruot.ure which la eseentlally 

•1••1~\ to that diaoloa9Cl by appellu•• .• ; ... ··. 

After oaHf\11 cona1derat1on o.f appellant•• argument, ... 

~· ot th• opinion that th• appealed •l.S.a wa• properlr rejdt..t 

,. ••· unpatentabl• oYer \la• cited re:f'•,...•••. 

The deti•S.oa ot the GxandJ1.t>: .S.• attinaed. 

..·' 

.: .. .. ~-:. 
' . . . 

121.l.61 

REF ID:A36266B·· 

In event or appeal, at\eni1on i• directed to "8..£1· 

Bo10•, .32 CCPA 7161 144 r.(2d) 8961 1944 c.o. 609t S6' o.a. 5661 

6) USPQ So, in regard to·t,Peoitioally including 1n the appeal 

notice &11 grounds or ~•jeetion in tke lxaainer•s Stat..-nt not 

expreaaly overruled by th• Board, 

December 8, 1950 

.Mr. H•nry B. Stauffer 

Army seouri tr Agency The Pentagon . Wa•hington 2s, n.c. 

:MARK TAYLO!t 

Exam1ner-in-Cb1et 

L. P. McCANN 

Exaala•r•in-Chiet 

R. G. NILSON 

Ex&lli.D ... ln·Chi•f 

(Aetiacl 

-6-

BOMiD 

OF 

APPEALS 

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