.. 

REF ID:A67592 :::- ,,,,._,,......,._.._.,._....___ ----- ... _ -

,. ' 

I' 

----.-- __ .__ 

8 

luq 6, 19.JS 

l. In accordance with proria1ons o£ Par. J&., All 850-50, there is 

attached a draft of s9ecU'ioation1 upon which at>lllla&Uon tor pateat on 

_OiJtber .Device 'J7pe 11-1'8 111117 be bued. ' -

2. It i&J understood that the Bav Department has pending an ap?lication tor patent on their first t7pe or strip cl~her device, anj are 

tillD@' aJJ e.p,t>Ucation coverir ..: their aecocd \1',;>e. They are &P?UOntly 

aatistied to otandardiz.e, tor tho Bavu Service, our 'f'Tpe M-138, and 

are plaDlling to purchase 100 or 200 de'rices identical with ours, e.xce-?t 

aa to name plate. 

3. It is reC011mended thnt tho attached dralt be forwarded to th~ 

Signal Corps Patents Stction tor use in the preparation of detailed 

s9ec1ticat1ons and drawiags. In view o£ the existence or sim1lar1ties 

between our fype 1-lJS and the k'V)" t7pes, it i~ ,:>rob&ble that patent 

of onl7 11a1ted scope can be obtained. Jtevortheless, tha lmprovaments 

4ovia•d by mG, consisting in the use or metal channel •~a. a elidable 

guide rule, and a construction which pel"Tlits ot 3ett112g u~ the text 

alteniateq at the lett aide !lnd right aide of the asse-,ably,uko ow 

t.Jpe o! device a verr much more practical instrument than ariy o£ these 

bereto.fore devised. 

4. Stace these 1mprovG1nenta arose from rq own st~dies, it. is 

:requssted that ap;>llcat.ion be ude in :q urm.e a.s inventor. 

-I • 

. COP! l'Olb 

' I "' 

,.... ~-: 

..;;.-

ftlliam F._l'r1edman, 

8igaal. lnt.el.Ugence Sect.loa. 

' -

' ' 

1..' 

'• 
. REF ID:A67592 

:~ 

DRAFT 

tTllly ,, 19.35 

!bis laveatJ.oa relates to 017'ptographic devices and has for 1~s ob3ect the 

pro'riaioa ot a hQd,..operated device capable or atf ordlng a relati.,ely high 

degree of security without iza"fOlTiag the 118e of complicated aechanlsma. 

Another ob~ect ls to provide a device ase.f'ul in cryptographio and cryptanalytic inveat1gat1oaa requiring the use of sliding alpbabet1. 

!he 1Jlvent1on ls ex:plaine<f' ~~· ia CODDectioia w1th1l'ipre l....-11h6eM. 1s a front 

D"'\& ~~-~ ~ ~:.._. :~ --

and side. oleva.t,1on otl\ the device~ ,..d-l:i:gm e a., nW.1h shMie ~& de9'Ge ar 

.. ••N•li fsfqaaa. t~IN\t. 2.. ~~ ~~~ rb o... ~ .. -o-~ .... 

~o)~~~ . .:;.~~ 

Referring to £1gure l,~the device con~ists of a base, 1, on which are 

hor11onta.l.1T fastened a Hries of 07Undriaal rods, 2, forming a set or ch1.1111el 

- , 4 -..a- -- ...,..,....1. _,,.... ........ .. 

':I. I ' "- 1'87S, .J1J 1:1to which paper strlpe"11ay be inserted and slid from eae eWe 'M iite 

~- \o ~t.i-&"U m.c.a.. ~~. 

ethe•• ID the specific eabod.lmeat disclosed herein the devioe comprises 25 such 

" 

chaan•l ••s, set otr 1n groups ot f'lves, lnat the device ls by no means llat.ted 

to this aamber.et ollw:&~ •IF'• The -ber chosen in th1a embodiaeat ls 

~~!t.Ja mere~ a aon•enlemt m111ber, a~ lt 11111be1ure&sad or decrt!ased~in other eabodiaenta WS.thoQt aater1.all7 departlllg hDID the buio nature of the device. l rule, 

r/\1-•~~ ~~ - ,...S, 4 •t· •?R• .. e .-•a, attached to a rHl11ag gaide aUde, ,, ou be ell4 

- - - --- -- _.....__ --- .. ----.... --------- ---- -----.. --.a-. .. -- __ .. __ -
REF ID:A67592 

aa stop• agdast which the :readiDg guide S"cu be br01tght at the end ot 

lta travel to the left or r.1ght. To the back ol. the base i is ta.atened a 

hiqed sopport1ng traae,10, •hich can be pqlled out to support the deYice 1• 

a alant.1.ng position as 1t rests upon a table, desk, or other plane sarface. 

Qr 1 if' the operator preters to l.q the devJ.ce nat UalOD the table 1 th& rubber 

teet,\ f, at the four corners oi' the. bottoa or ba3e• '1,,. •111 support the device 

and keep it tro11 alidl.ng about on the table. 

iefere!tee le •• •'Mil• '• £&.gm e -i, >t:o show Odil "1 tllbe uae1t of blse eneea 

'"?AA~~\ 

-Jl (\Into the channel ••s) there are 1.aserted. str1,t>s of paper, 41f, hereinafter 

called a.lphabet stripa, upon which ap,car sequences of letters or the al~hsbet, 

each sequence being repeated on the strip, and the letters beizag eq11id1stant from 

one another throughout. 'The purpose of' the duplication of sequence will appear 

pre•ntq. The letters OD the alphabet strips• J181 be 1n nomal order or in 

disarranged ord.er1 it the latter, the various alphabets mq or aq not be differeat. Asam11ag, howeYer, different alphabets arG 'be1Dg used, each strip bears 

an ldent1f'11nr mark nch aa a namber ,f 1', so that the alphabet strips aq be 

inaerted into the channel _:sqs C accordiDg to ao:ae praagreed kflJ'• For I 

-la, ID tlg11rtJ l io shOll:ll a aet ~ 2S cb-1 •Ill'• s..t.o 11111~~ 
REF ID:A67592 

top 4owmrardc 

Ir another embodiment of the device should bclude more than 25 channel 

we.yo, &dd1t1oaal ali)habet strips ~ be inserted, aocordiae to a 1011ger 

Ha.,ing inserted the alphabet. etri?B into the ehan."lel ways in key order, 

the device is now ready !or U3e either to encipher a ~lain language message 

o~ to decipher d ~rypt06r8!1 which b&s been enciphered bj means or tho device, 

alphabets, and key shown ln figure i. Suppose thi3 pla.in-text message is to 

be enci.;>hereds 

ACCORDIBG TO AN OFFICIAL RU'ORT liOt.t M:ILITW AU'l'RORITil!.5 • • • 

U.O"riDE the reading guld~ I to t.he left, a'ld bringing 1t against the left 

end bar tg, the operator proceeds to align, in a column illmediately to the right 

or tbe reading g\11.de, the tirat 25 letters of the meaaage. This is most conftDlently done 'b1' placlQg the er&Hl" end of a pencil upon tne successive deebei 

'ft, letters as found on tho succeaslve alphabet atripa,..rroa the top dOlt'mfards, aad 

~ ~ e.L.e.,__ . ..Q. ~ 

p-11.lllg or pusbiag the algb.abet strips "toward tbe reading guide eo t.11,t each 

strip atopa wJ.th tlu proper letter~ to the ritbt o! :~.~the -•ac 

_,_ 
REF ID:A67592 

the 21 tftters IOCO!WXIG "rO D on ICI& iligld ii" 

the dedoe, aa :Ln tht; above proced\ll"e, ttie operator con.f'1aea hi.J searcn for 

lettera to the left-hand half ot the duplicated sequeace on each alphabet str1p. 

lhen all 25 al,lhabetsatr1ps haYe been dl.1.gnoa as 1nd1catad, there 1a disclosed a ault1pl1c1ty of colmms of letters to ~he right of the pl:U.n-text col1111D 

ot letters tlaU3 aligl!!ed. All these columns of latterJ, except on~, are columns 

of cipher letters, each column representin~ a cipher e~uivalant oi tne pl'iin-text 

columa. The si.Dgle exception is the column which 13 the 25th r£moVLd from the 

plaia-t.ext column set up by the operat1Jr, 1rd is merely a u:pc.titi.or. o1 tna.t 

glaia-text oolua. One of these cipher colUllSD.:J is selacted at ral"dom and is 

recorded 1a S-letter graups. Th$ readiD£ guideS-is useful in tni"' operation, 

- amr 8tMI QPIO 8911 I -

theee letter• are ftoorde4 ardi aoaatitste the cipher letters for the ti.rat 2S 

plaia-ted letters. 
REF ID:A67592 

I -

The readiag au1deS-1a DOW mG'l'ecl to the extreme right of the clevioe, 

up qalaat the right end bar'f J the next 25 letters ot the plain text are 

&U.gaed. agaiast thr~ lett, edfe of the reading guide S. Again a aet at ·1 

~ oolaa• ot clphe:r letters are disclosed .. to the lett ot the reading guide. J X ~o·· .. o.. ~ il ~+).ari-.o~~~μj'11l) Oae ol these columns is selected Rt random audA1s recorded. l.t' lhe message 

contdn!i more than 50 letters th'l f'orego1.Df' procad'Ql"e 11 repe11Jited until tbe 

eats.re .. ssage ban been enciphered. There 1• no !\eed to 1ndic11.te to the 

recipient of the mee~aee wbich colwa..~ ts s~1ected for the ci?her equi•alent 

ot eaah set of 25 plain-text letters, as will be noted presently. 

To decipher th£ 31essage, having the al?babets and the key accord1nc 

to whleh they have been arrl!Dged, tho operator merell' proceeds aa 1n 

~~ 1,tW.~ .. ~ ~ e~.a.w eraol,phU'llellt, allgning the alphabet atripsf\ao that the f1rat 25/\lettwa 

ot the 01')1Jtogra are 1D •n• ooluan. le then exad.Das all the other 25 

oolw ot letters, look'ag tor one which oontaias 1nte111ef.ble text 

tuo.Powt lta ext.eat trcm top to bottom.. There will be oae and onq one 

,. 8Uch col .. , and tb1a w1l1 be the plaJ.D-text equ1Talent of the colvan ~ 

... 1..-oh tor ?• plaln.-Wxt colw. aa lt oaa nadlq be *'"d to Man tile 

_,_ 
REF ID:A67592 

ncoaellft ooluana troa lett to right, or troa right to l!~t.· The plainten oolaD \bus tound la noorded 111 word leDgths aJld the operator proceeds 

to Mt ap the 1ae.xt 25 cipher letters on the right-hand side ot \ha device, 

.Ilda he looks tor a plain-text aobma and records lt whea tound, He oontlmaea this prooeas atil the message has been coa;>letely deciphered. 

~Tile 118111 uses of th1• device, •1th variable alphabets, in cr,rptograplda 

_r-_ r· or oryptanalytlc st.ud1es wUl be .ipparent to all akUled 1n tho art and 

'\})-'°- nothing f .irther need be said ~n this score &..tcept that thert h&3 existed tor 

~ l ~- f ,..,. "'--1 

er .. r- I 

-\'O l suitable tor the insertion or 3lid1ng alphabets. 

~.___ 

"v<J;,:. 

llU7 7earJ a hitherto J."lf\tl.t!lled need for a suple device or this type, 

Although in the fifures acooapanying th13 description a dovice 1a 

shown in which cylindrical rods are rivttted to a baae, at regular 1ntel'Tllla 

troa oae another to f'ol'll the channel •&7• into which the alphabet at.rips 

ue ioaerted, lt abould be 11ncler1tood that a111 other aaans 1141 be eaplOJed 

to ton t.he chaael •••• ror example, • •er1•• of elagated aetal atrlpa 

balra ill the trade •• •oen holder••, ued ordlur117 to hold llU'row strips 

ot ,., .. bearlae _.. ot ..U-box owner• la apartaeat houaea, eto,, .., 

be ••cl \o tol'll the obamael wa,•J \heae card holder•_,. be rf.•.W to the 

~ 

-..:::: --- - __ _...... .. ..l. __ __ 
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