II 

114TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 2171 

To reauthorize the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Act, and for 

other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 8, 2015 

Mrs. FEINSTEIN (for herself, Mr. SCOTT, Mr. JOHNSON, and Mr. BOOKER) 

introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 

Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 

A BILL 

To reauthorize the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results 

Act, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES IN ACT. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Reauthoriza6 tion Act’’ or the ‘‘SOAR Reauthorization Act’’. 

7 (b) REFERENCES IN ACT.—Whenever in this Act an 

8 amendment is expressed in terms of an amendment to or 

9 repeal of a section or other provision, the reference shall 

10 be considered to be made to that section or other provision 


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1 of the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Act (divi2 sion C of Public Law 112–10; sec. 38–1853.01 et seq., 

3 D.C. Official Code). 

4 SEC. 2. FINDINGS; PURPOSE. 

5 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 

6 (1) In 1995, Congress passed the DC School 

7 Reform Act, which granted the District of Columbia 

8 the authority to create public charter schools and 

9 gave parents greater educational options for their 

10 children. 

11 (2) In 2003, in partnership with the Mayor of 

12 the District of Columbia, the chairman of the DC 

13 Council Education Committee, and community activ14 ists, Congress passed the DC School Choice Incen15 tive Act of 2003 (Public Law 108–199; 118 Stat. 

16 126), to provide opportunity scholarships to parents 

17 of students in the District of Columbia to enable 

18 them to pursue a high-quality education at a private 

19 elementary or secondary school of their choice. 

20 (3) The DC Opportunity Scholarship Program 

21 (DC OSP) was part of a comprehensive three-part 

22 funding arrangement that provided additional funds 

23 for both the District of Columbia public schools and 

24 public charter schools of the District of Columbia. 

25 The intent behind the additional resources was to 


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1 ensure both District of Columbia public and charter 

2 schools continued to improve. 

3 (4) In 2011, Congress enacted the three-part 

4 funding arrangement when it reauthorized the DC 

5 OSP and passed the Scholarships for Opportunity 

6 and Results (SOAR) Act (division C of Public Law 

7 112–10) with bipartisan support. 

8 (5) While the National Center for Education 

9 Statistics indicates that per pupil expenditure for 

10 public schools in the District of Columbia is the 

11 highest in the United States, performance on the 

12 National Assessment of Educational Progress 

13 (NAEP) continues to be near the bottom of the 

14 country when examining scores in mathematics and 

15 reading for fourth and eighth grades. When Con16 gress passed the DC School Choice Incentive Act of 

17 2003, students in the District of Columbia ranked 

18 52 out of 52 States (including the Department of 

19 Defense schools). Since that time, the District of Co20 lumbia has made significant gains in mathematics 

21 and reading. However, students in the District of 

22 Columbia still rank in the bottom three States out 

23 of 52 States. According to the 2013 fourth grade 

24 math NAEP results, 34 percent of students are 

25 below basic, 38 percent are at basic, and 28 percent 


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1 are at proficient or advanced. The 2013 fourth 

2 grade reading results found that 50 percent of 

3 fourth grade students in the District of Columbia 

4 are at or below basic, 27 percent are at basic, and 

5 23 percent are proficient or advanced. 

6 (6) Since the inception of the DC OSP, there 

7 has been strong demand for the program by parents 

8 and the citizens of the District of Columbia. In fact, 

9 74 percent of District of Columbia residents support 

10 continuing the program (based on the Lester & As11 sociates February 2011 Poll). 

12 (7) Since the program’s inception, parental sat13 isfaction has remained high. The program has also 

14 been found to result in significantly higher gradua15 tion rates for those students who have received and 

16 used their opportunity scholarships. 

17 (8) The DC OSP offers low-income families in 

18 the District of Columbia important educational al19 ternatives while public schools are improved. The 

20 program should continue to be reauthorized as part 

21 of a three-part comprehensive funding strategy for 

22 the District of Columbia school system providing 

23 equal funding for public schools, public charter 

24 schools, and opportunity scholarships for students to 

25 attend private schools. 


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1 (b) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this Act to amend 

2 the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Act to pro3 vide low-income parents residing in the District of Colum4 bia with expanded educational opportunities for enrolling 

5 their children in other schools in the District of Columbia, 

6 and provide resources to support educational reforms for 

7 District of Columbia Public Schools and District of Co8 lumbia public charter schools. 

9 SEC. 3. PROHIBITING IMPOSITION OF LIMITS ON TYPES OF 

10 ELIGIBLE STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN THE 

11 PROGRAM. 

12 Section 3004(a) (sec. 38–1853.04(a), D.C. Official 

13 Code) is amended by adding at the end the following new 

14 paragraph: 

15 ‘‘(3) PROHIBITING IMPOSITION OF LIMITS ON

16 ELIGIBLE STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN THE PRO17 GRAM.— 

18 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 

19 program under this division, the Secretary may 

20 not limit the number of eligible students receiv21 ing scholarships under section 3007(a), and 

22 may not prevent otherwise eligible students 

23 from participating in the program under this 

24 Act, on any of the following grounds: 


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1 ‘‘(i) Whether or not the student at2 tended a private school for pre-elementary 

3 education in the previous school year. 

4 ‘‘(ii) Whether or not the student pre5 viously received a scholarship or partici6 pated in the program. 

7 ‘‘(iii) Whether or not the student was 

8 a member of the control group used by In9 stitute of Education Sciences to carry out 

10 previous evaluations of the program under 

11 section 3009. 

12 ‘‘(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing 

13 in subparagraph (A) may be construed to waive 

14 the requirement under section 3005(b)(1)(B) 

15 that the entity carrying out the program under 

16 this Act must carry out a random selection 

17 process which gives weight to the priorities de18 scribed in section 3006 if more eligible students 

19 seek admission in the program than the pro20 gram can accommodate.’’. 

21 SEC. 4. REQUIRING ELIGIBLE ENTITIES TO UTILIZE INTER22 NAL FISCAL AND QUALITY CONTROLS. 

23 Section 3005(b)(1) (sec. 38–1853.05(b)(1)), D.C. Of24 ficial Code) is amended— 


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1 (1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of subpara2 graph (K); and 

3 (2) by adding at the end the following new sub4 paragraph: 

5 ‘‘(M) how the entity will ensure that it uti6 lizes internal fiscal and quality controls; and’’. 

7 SEC. 5. CLARIFICATION OF PRIORITIES FOR AWARDING 

8 SCHOLARSHIPS TO ELIGIBLE STUDENTS. 

9 Section 3006(1)(A) (sec. 38–1853.06(1)(A), D.C. Of10 ficial Code) is amended by striking ‘‘for improvement, cor11 rective action, or restructuring under section 1116 of the 

12 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 

13 U.S.C. 6316)’’ and inserting ‘‘as a low-achieving school 

14 according to the Office of the State Superintendent of 

15 Education of the District of Columbia.’’. 

16 SEC. 6. MODIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTICI17 PATING SCHOOLS AND ELIGIBLE ENTITIES. 

18 (a) CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS; COMPLIANCE

19 WITH REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Section 3007(a)(4) 

20 (sec. 38–1853.07(a)(4), D.C. Official Code) is amended— 

21 (1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of subpara22 graph (E); 

23 (2) by striking the period at the end of sub24 paragraph (F) and inserting a semicolon; and 


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1 (3) by adding at the end the following new sub2 paragraphs: 

3 ‘‘(G) conducts criminal background checks 

4 on school employees who have direct and unsu5 pervised interaction with students; and 

6 ‘‘(H) complies with all requests for data 

7 and information regarding the reporting re8 quirements described in section 3010.’’. 

9 (b) ACCREDITATION.—Section 3007(a) (sec. 38– 

10 1853.07(a), D.C. Official Code) is amended— 

11 (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘paragraphs 

12 (2) and (3)’’ and inserting ‘‘paragraphs (2), (3), and 

13 (5)’’; and 

14 (2) by adding at the end the following new 

15 paragraph: 

16 ‘‘(5) ACCREDITATION REQUIREMENTS.— 

17 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subpara18 graph (B), none of the funds provided under 

19 this division for opportunity scholarships may 

20 be used by an eligible student to enroll in a par21 ticipating private school unless the school, as of 

22 the date of enactment of the SOAR Reauthor23 ization Act, is provisionally or fully accredited 

24 by— 


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1 ‘‘(i) an accrediting body described in 

2 subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 

3 2202(16) of the District of Columbia 

4 School Reform Act of 1995 (sec. 38– 

5 1802.02(16)(A)–(G), D.C. Official Code); 

6 or 

7 ‘‘(ii) any other accrediting body deter8 mined appropriate by the District of Co9 lumbia Office of the State Superintendent 

10 for Schools for the purposes of accrediting 

11 an elementary or secondary school. 

12 ‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—Notwithstanding sub13 paragraph (A), in the case of a student who, on 

14 the date of the enactment of the SOAR Reau15 thorization Act, is attending a participating 

16 school that does not meet the requirement de17 scribed in subparagraph (A) but is a school 

18 pursuing full accreditation by an accrediting 

19 body described in subparagraph (A), such stu20 dent, and any siblings of such student, shall 

21 have the option to enroll, or remain enrolled, at 

22 such school. 

23 ‘‘(C) TIME TO MEET REQUIREMENTS.— 

24 The exception described in subparagraph (B) 

25 shall no longer apply on the date that is 5 years 


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1 after the date of enactment of the SOAR Reau2 thorization Act. 

3 ‘‘(D) REPORTS TO ELIGIBLE ENTITY.— 

4 Not later than 5 years after the date of enact5 ment of the SOAR Reauthorization Act, each 

6 participating school shall submit to the eligible 

7 entity a certification that the school has been 

8 fully or provisionally accredited in accordance 

9 with subparagraph (A). 

10 ‘‘(E) ASSISTING STUDENTS IN ENROLLING

11 IN OTHER SCHOOLS.—If a participating school 

12 fails to meet the requirements of this para13 graph, the eligible entity shall assist the parents 

14 of the eligible students who attend the school in 

15 identifying, applying to, and enrolling in an16 other participating school under this Act.’’. 

17 (c) USE OF FUNDS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

18 AND PARENTAL ASSISTANCE.—Section 3007 (sec. 38– 

19 1853.07, D.C. Official Code) is amended— 

20 (1) by striking subsections (b) and (c) and in21 serting the following: 

22 ‘‘(b) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES AND PARENTAL

23 ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary shall make $2,000,000 of 

24 the amount provided under the grant each year available 


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1 to an eligible entity receiving a grant under section 

2 3004(a) to cover the following expenses: 

3 ‘‘(1) The administrative expenses of carrying 

4 out its program under this Act during the year, in5 cluding— 

6 ‘‘(A) determining the eligibility of students 

7 to participate; 

8 ‘‘(B) selecting the eligible students to re9 ceive scholarships; 

10 ‘‘(C) determining the amount of the schol11 arships and issuing the scholarships to eligible 

12 students; 

13 ‘‘(D) compiling and maintaining financial 

14 and programmatic records; and 

15 ‘‘(E) conducting site visits as described in 

16 section 3005(b)(1)(I). 

17 ‘‘(2) The expenses of educating parents about 

18 the entity’s program under this Act, and assisting 

19 parents through the application process under this 

20 Act, including— 

21 ‘‘(A) providing information about the pro22 gram and the participating schools to parents 

23 of eligible students; 

24 ‘‘(B) providing funds to assist parents of 

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1 wise preclude the participation of eligible stu2 dents in the program; and 

3 ‘‘(C) streamlining the application process 

4 for parents.’’; and 

5 (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub6 section (c). 

7 (d) CLARIFICATION OF USE OF FUNDS FOR STU8 DENT ACADEMIC ASSISTANCE.—Section 3007(c) (sec. 38– 

9 1853.07(c), D.C. Official Code), as redesignated by sub10 section (c)(2), is amended by striking ‘‘identified for im11 provement, corrective action, or restructuring under sec12 tion 1116 of the Elementary and Secondary Education 

13 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6316)’’ and inserting ‘‘identified 

14 as a low-achieving school according to the Office of the 

15 State Superintendent of Education of the District of Co16 lumbia’’. 

17 (e) PERMITTING USE OF FUNDS REMAINING UNOB18 LIGATED FROM PREVIOUS FISCAL YEARS.—Section 3007 

19 (sec. 38–1853.07, D.C. Official Code), as amended by this 

20 section, is amended by adding at the end the following 

21 new subsection: 

22 ‘‘(d) PERMITTING USE OF FUNDS REMAINING UN23 OBLIGATED FROM PREVIOUS FISCAL YEARS.—To the ex24 tent that any funds appropriated for the opportunity 

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1 main unobligated at the end of the fiscal year, the Sec2 retary shall make such funds available during subsequent 

3 fiscal years for scholarships for eligible students, except 

4 that an eligible entity may use not more than 5 percent 

5 of the funds for administrative expenses, parental assist6 ance, and tutoring, in addition to the amounts appro7 priated for such purposes under section 3007(b) and (c).’’. 

8 SEC. 7. PROGRAM EVALUATION. 

9 (a) REVISION OF EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND

10 REQUIREMENTS.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3009(a) (sec. 38– 

12 1853.09(a), D.C. Official Code) is amended to read 

13 as follows: 

14 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 

15 ‘‘(1) DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY AND THE

16 MAYOR.—The Secretary and the Mayor of the Dis17 trict of Columbia shall— 

18 ‘‘(A) jointly enter into an agreement with 

19 the Institute of Education Sciences of the De20 partment of Education to evaluate annually the 

21 opportunity scholarship program under this 

22 Act; 

23 ‘‘(B) jointly enter into an agreement to 

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1 lumbia Public Schools and the District of Co2 lumbia public charter schools under this Act; 

3 and 

4 ‘‘(C) make the evaluations described in 

5 subparagraphs (A) and (B) public in accord6 ance with subsection (c). 

7 ‘‘(2) DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.—The Sec8 retary, through a grant, contract, or cooperative 

9 agreement, shall— 

10 ‘‘(A) ensure that the evaluation under 

11 paragraph (1)(A)— 

12 ‘‘(i) is conducted using an acceptable 

13 quasi-experimental research design for de14 termining the effectiveness of the oppor15 tunity scholarship program under this Act 

16 which does not use a control study group 

17 consisting of students who applied for but 

18 who did not receive opportunity scholar19 ships, and 

20 ‘‘(ii) addresses the issues described in 

21 paragraph (4); and 

22 ‘‘(B) disseminate information on the im23 pact of the program— 


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1 ‘‘(i) in increasing academic achieve2 ment and educational attainment of par3 ticipating eligible students, and 

4 ‘‘(ii) on students and schools in the 

5 District of Columbia. 

6 ‘‘(3) DUTIES OF THE INSTITUTE OF EDU7 CATION SCIENCES.—The Institute of Education 

8 Sciences of the Department of Education shall— 

9 ‘‘(A) assess participating eligible students 

10 in each of the grades 3 through 8, as well as 

11 one of the grades in the high school level, by su12 pervising the administration of the same read13 ing and math assessment used by the District 

14 of Columbia Public Schools to comply with sec15 tion 1111(b) of the Elementary and Secondary 

16 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(b)); 

17 ‘‘(B) measure the academic achievement of 

18 all participating students in the grades de19 scribed in subparagraph (A); and 

20 ‘‘(C) work with the eligible entities to en21 sure that the parents of each student who re22 ceives a scholarship under this Act agree to per23 mit the student to participate in the evaluations 

24 and assessments carried out by the Institute 

25 under this subsection. 


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1 ‘‘(4) ISSUES TO BE EVALUATED.—The issues to 

2 be evaluated under paragraph (1)(A) shall include 

3 the following: 

4 ‘‘(A) A comparison of the academic 

5 achievement of participating eligible students in 

6 the measurements described in paragraph (3) to 

7 the academic achievement of a comparison 

8 group of students with similar backgrounds in 

9 the District of Columbia Public Schools. 

10 ‘‘(B) The success of the program under 

11 this Act in expanding choice options for parents 

12 of participating eligible students and increasing 

13 their satisfaction with their child’s school. 

14 ‘‘(C) The reasons parents of participating 

15 eligible students choose for their children to 

16 participate in the program, including important 

17 characteristics for selecting schools. 

18 ‘‘(D) A comparison of the retention rates, 

19 high school graduation rates, college admission 

20 rates, college persistence rates, and college 

21 graduation rates of participating eligible stu22 dents with the rates of students in the compari23 son group described in subparagraph (A). 

24 ‘‘(E) A comparison of the college admis25 sion rates, college persistence rates, and college 


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1 graduation rates of students who participated 

2 in the program in 2004, 2005, 2011, 2012, 

3 2013, 2014, and 2015 as the result of winning 

4 the Opportunity Scholarship Program lottery 

5 with the rates of students who entered but did 

6 not win such lottery in those years and who, as 

7 a result, served as the control group for pre8 vious evaluations of the program under this 

9 Act. 

10 ‘‘(F) A comparison of the safety of the 

11 schools attended by participating eligible stu12 dents and the schools in the District of Colum13 bia attended by students in the comparison 

14 group described in subparagraph (A), based on 

15 the perceptions of the students and parents. 

16 ‘‘(G) Such other issues with respect to par17 ticipating eligible students as the Secretary con18 siders appropriate for inclusion in the evalua19 tion, such as the impact of the program on pub20 lic elementary schools and secondary schools in 

21 the District of Columbia. 

22 ‘‘(5) PROHIBITING DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL

23 INFORMATION.— 

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1 pliance with section 444 of the General Edu2 cation Provisions Act (commonly known as the 

3 ‘Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 

4 1974’) (20 U.S.C. 1232g). 

5 ‘‘(B) STUDENTS NOT ATTENDING PUBLIC

6 SCHOOLS.—With respect to any student who is 

7 not attending a public elementary school or sec8 ondary school, personally identifiable informa9 tion may not be disclosed outside of the group 

10 of individuals carrying out the evaluation for 

11 such student, other than to the parents of such 

12 student.’’. 

13 (2) TRANSITION FROM CURRENT EVALUA14 TION.—The Secretary of Education shall terminate 

15 the current evaluations conducted under section 

16 3009(a) of the Scholarships for Opportunity and Re17 sults Act (sec. 38–1853.09, D.C. Official Code), as 

18 in effect prior to the date of enactment of this Act, 

19 after obtaining data for the 2015–2016 school year, 

20 and shall submit the reports required with respect to 

21 the evaluations in accordance with section 3009(b) 

22 of such Act. Effective with respect to the 2016–2017 

23 school year, the Secretary shall conduct new evalua24 tions in accordance with the provisions of section 

25 3009(a) of such Act as amended by this Act. 


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1 (b) DUTY OF MAYOR TO ENSURE INSTITUTE HAS

2 ALL INFORMATION NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT EVALUA3 TIONS.—Section 3011(a)(1) (sec. 38–1853.11(a)(1), D.C. 

4 Official Code) is amended to read as follows: 

5 ‘‘(1) INFORMATION NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT

6 EVALUATIONS.—Ensure that all District of Colum7 bia public schools and District of Columbia public 

8 charter schools make available to the Institute of 

9 Education Sciences of the Department of Education 

10 all of the information the Institute requires to carry 

11 out the assessments and perform the evaluations re12 quired under section 3009(a).’’. 

13 SEC. 8. FUNDING FOR DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PUBLIC 

14 SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC CHARTER SCHOOLS. 

15 (a) MANDATORY WITHHOLDING OF FUNDS FOR

16 FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CONDITIONS.—Section 

17 3011(b) (sec. 38–1853.11(b), D.C. Official Code) is 

18 amended to read as follows: 

19 ‘‘(b) ENFORCEMENT.—If, after reasonable notice and 

20 an opportunity for a hearing, the Secretary determines 

21 that the Mayor has failed to comply with any of the re22 quirements of subsection (a), the Secretary may withhold 

23 from the Mayor, in whole or in part— 

24 ‘‘(1) the funds otherwise authorized to be ap25 propriated under section 3014(a)(2), if the failure to 


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1 comply relates to the District of Columbia public 

2 schools; 

3 ‘‘(2) the funds otherwise authorized to be ap4 propriated under section 3014(a)(3), if the failure to 

5 comply relates to the District of Columbia public 

6 charter schools; or 

7 ‘‘(3) the funds otherwise authorized to be ap8 propriated under both section 3014(a)(2) and sec9 tion 3014(a)(3), if the failure relates to both the 

10 District of Columbia public schools and the District 

11 of Columbia public charter schools.’’. 

12 (b) RULES FOR USE OF FUNDS PROVIDED FOR SUP13 PORT OF PUBLIC CHARTER SCHOOLS.—Section 3011 

14 (sec. 38–1853.11, D.C. Official Code) is amended— 

15 (1) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub16 section (d); and 

17 (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol18 lowing new subsection: 

19 ‘‘(c) SPECIFIC RULES REGARDING FUNDS PROVIDED

20 FOR SUPPORT OF PUBLIC CHARTER SCHOOLS.—The fol21 lowing rules shall apply with respect to the funds provided 

22 under this Act for the support of District of Columbia 

23 public charter schools: 

24 ‘‘(1) The Secretary may direct the funds pro25 vided for any fiscal year, or any portion thereof, to 


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1 the Office of the State Superintendent of Education 

2 of the District of Columbia (OSSE). 

3 ‘‘(2) The OSSE may transfer the funds to sub4 grantees who are specific District of Columbia public 

5 charter schools or networks of such schools or who 

6 are District of Columbia-based non-profit organiza7 tions with experience in successfully providing sup8 port or assistance to District of Columbia public 

9 charter schools or networks of schools. 

10 ‘‘(3) The funds shall be available to any Dis11 trict of Columbia public charter school in good 

12 standing with the District of Columbia Charter 

13 School Board (Board), and the OSSE and Board 

14 may not restrict the availability of the funds to cer15 tain types of schools on the basis of the school’s lo16 cation, governing body, or any other characteristic.’’. 

17 SEC. 9. REVISION OF CURRENT MEMORANDUM OF UNDER18 STANDING. 

19 The Secretary of Education and the Mayor of the 

20 District of Columbia shall revise the memorandum of un21 derstanding which is in effect under section 3012(d) of 

22 the Scholarships for Opportunity and Results Act (the 

23 SOAR Act) as of the day before the date of the enactment 

24 of this Act to address the following: 

25 (1) The amendments made by this Act. 


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1 (2) The need to ensure that participating 

2 schools under such Act meet fire code standards and 

3 maintain certificates of occupancy. 

4 (3) The need to ensure that District of Colum5 bia public schools and District of Columbia public 

6 charter schools meet the requirements under such 

7 Act to comply with all reasonable requests for infor8 mation necessary to carry out the evaluations re9 quired under section 3009(a) of such Act. 

10 SEC. 10. EXTENSION OF AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIA11 TIONS. 

12 Section 3014(a) (sec. 38–1853.14(a), D.C. Official 

13 Code) is amended by striking ‘‘each of the 4 succeeding 

14 fiscal years’’ and inserting ‘‘each of the 9 succeeding fiscal 

15 years’’. 

16 SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE. 

17 The amendments made by this Act shall apply with 

18 respect to school year 2016–2017 and each succeeding 

19 school year. 

Æ 


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