I REF ID:A67507. 

l. In a cryptograph, a keyboard comprising a set of character 

elements; a set of signnling devices; means comprising a set or substitution 

commutators through whieh operative electrical connections between the 

character elements and the signaling devices are established; a set of 

displacement mechanisms associated with the set of substitution commutators 

and arranged to ettect angular displacements of the substitution coJID!lutators; 

and means including a set of control commutators electrically controlling 

the displacement mechanisms. 

2. In a cryptograph, a keyboard comprising a set of character 

elements; a set of signaling devices; means for establishing operative 

electrical connections between the respective character elements and the 

corresponding signaling devices, said means including a set of double-ringcontact, angularly displaceable cOlm!lutators through which the connections 

betweeb the character elements and the signaling devices are established; a 

set of displacement mechanisJllS associated with the set of commutators 

and arranged to effect angular displacements of the commutators; and associated devices of such character and so ar1"8nged as to cause the electrical 

currents concerned in effecting the cryptographic substitution to pass 

through the commutators along a path which includes the contacts belonging 

to one of the two rings of the double-ring-contact commutators, while the 

electrical currents concerned in controlling the angular displacements of 

the oommutators pass through the commutators along a path which includes 

the contacts belonging to the other of the two rings of contacts of the doublering-contact commutators. 

3. In a cryptograph, a keyboard comprising a set ot character 

elements in operative electrical connection with a set of signaling devices; 

means for establishing end varying the connections between the character elements 

and the signaling devices; said means comprising a set of single-ring-contact, 

angularly displaceable commutators through which the electrical connections 

between the character elements and the signaling devices are established; a 

set of displacement mechanisms associated with the set ot commutators and 

arranged to control the angular displacements ot the commutators; and 

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jil;ooroved for Release by NSA on 09-09-2013 pursuant to E.O. 1352EI 
• REF ID:A67507 e 

associated devices ot such character and so arranged as to cause the 

contacts ot the commutators to function as elements in electrical 

circuits concerned alternately in substitution and control. 

t. In a cryptograph, a tirst set or commutators tor pertorming 

cryptographic substitution functions and a second set or commutators 

tor pertorming control tunct1ons, ell eommutuars being interc~'ble. 

5. In a cryptograph, a tirst set ot commutators tor pertorming 

cryptographic substitution functions and a second set ot commutators 

tor per:torming control tunctions, all commutators being interchangeable. 

6. In a cryptograph, a f'1rst set of' commutators tor pertorming 

cryptographic substitution tunctions and a second set of commutators 

tor pertorming control functions, homologous commutators being interchangeable. 

7. In a cryptograph, a first set of ccmmutators tor pertorming 

cryptographic substitution and ansecond set ot commutators for controlling 

the first set. 

a. In a crypt-graph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for causing a first set or commutators to be controlled electrically by a second set ot commutators. 

9. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical circuits tor causing a first set of commutators to pertorm cryptographic 

substitution tunctions, and a second set of commutators to per:torm control functions. 

10. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits tor causing a first set of commutators to be controlled electrically by a second set of commutators, ell commutators being interchangeable • 

11. In a cryptograph, tlle means and the associated electrical 

circuits tor causing a tirst set ot commutators to be controlled electrically by a second set ot commutators, ho.lllOlogous commutators being 

interchangeable. 

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12. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for controlling the angular displacements of the individual 

commutators of a set of ciphering commutators, said means and circuits including a set of control commutators. 

13. In a c:ryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for controlling tJ:e angular displacement of the individual 

commutators of e set of ciphering commutators, said means and circuits 

including a set of control commutators through which an electric current is passed to control the angular displacements of the ciphering 

commutators. 

14. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for causing the same set of conunutators to perfo:rm both cryptographic substitution and control tunctions, 

15. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for causing the same set of commutators to perform both cryptographic substitution and control functions, all commutators being inte~­

changeeble. 

16. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for causing the same set of commutators to perform both cryptographic substitution and control functions, homologous commutators being 

interchangeable. 

17. In a cryptograph, the means end the associated electrical 

circuits tor causing the same set of commutators to perform both cryptographic substitution and control functions, said means including separate 

channels for the passage of electrical currents concerned with the 

respective functions, these chennels being constituted ot separate 

rings of contacts on the commutators. 

18. In a cryptoeraph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for causing the same set of commutators to perform both cryptographic substitution and control 'functions, said means including separate 

channels for the passage of electrical cuITents concerned with the 

respective functions, these channels being constituted ot separate 
I REF ID:A67507 • 

rings of contacts on the commutators, all co~dlllltators being intel'-

changeable. 

19. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for causing the same set of coJl'IJllutators to perform both 

cryptographic substitution and control functions. said means including 

separate channels for the passage of electrical currents concerned 

with the respective tunctions, these channels being constituted of 

separate rings of contacts on the commutators, homologous commutators 

being interchangeable. 

20. In a cryptograph, the means and the associated electrical 

circuits for causing a set of single-ring-contact switching commutators 

to perform both cryptographic substitution and control tunctions, said 

means including devices for alternating the cryptographic substitutive 

phases with the control phases of operation. 

21. In a cryptograph, a plurality of self-controlled ciphering 

commutators arranged in cascade. 

22. In a cryptograph, a plurality of self-controlled ciphering 

commutators arranged in cascade, the angular displacer.ients of which are 

controlled by the canm.utators themselves. 

23. In a cryptograph, a plurality of self-controlled ciphering 

c0ll1l'lutators arranged in cascade, the angular displacements of which are 

controlled by Rn electrical current passed through the COillJllutators themselves. 

24. In a cryptograph, a piurality of self-controlled ciphering 

commutators arranged in cascade, the commutators being interchangeable. 

25. In a cryptograph, a plurality of self-controlled ciphering 

commutators arranged in cascade, homologous cOJ11111utators being interchangeable. 

26. In a cryptograph, the combination of a set of self-controlled, 

single-ring-contact commutators, with a gong switch end associated apparatus permitting the same comm.utators to function alternately as ciphering 

coJlll'luts.tors and as control commutators. 

27. In a cryptograph, the means and the electrical circuits whereby 

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•• REF ID:A6750 .. 

the displacements ot the individual commutators of a set of col'l!!lutators 

in cascade can be controlled by electrical currents passed through the 

COJIDl'lutators themselves. 

28. In a Cl"Y'ptograph, the means and the electrical circuits tor seltcontrolling a set of commutators. 

29. In a ceyptograph, the means and the electrical circuits v.rhereby 

the displacements of the individual commutators of a set of conmutators in 

cascade can be controlled by electrical currents passed through the 

commutators themselves in cascade. 

30. A switching cor.J111.utator bearing two or more concentric rings 

of contacts on the obverse face and a corresponding number ot concentric 

rings of contacts ~n the reverse tece, the contacts ot the rings on the 

obverse face being connected, by means or insulated conductors passing 

through the commutator, to the contacts of the homologous rings on the 

reverse face. 

31. A reversing coI!llllutator bearing two or more concentric rings 

ot even numbers of contacts on one of its facts, the individual contacts 

belonging to each ring being connected to one another in pairs by means 

ot insulated conductors. 

32. In a Cl7Ptograph, a set of juxtaposed, double-ring-contact 

switching commutators, one of the two rings of contacts being contacts 

for cryptographic substitution functions, the other ring of contacts being 

contacts for control functions. 

33. In a cryptographic system attording a plurality of cipher 

alphabets tor substitution, means tor electrically selecting cipher alphabets and aperiodically controlling the sequence in which the cipher 

alphabets are selected, said means including devices tor passing an 

electrical current through a series of juxtaposed, rotatable switching 

commutators arranged in cascade, so that the alphabet selected in aJJ1 

specific case 1s determined by the pe:rmutative and horizontal aligbment 

ot the entire set of commutators; and means tor continuously, angularly 

displacing the individual commutators. 
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34. In a cryptographic system affording a plurality of cipher 

alphabets for substitution, means tor electrically selecting cipher 

alphabets and aperiodically controlling the sequence in which the 

cipher alphabets are selected, said means including devices tor passing an electrical current through a series of juxtaposed, rotatable 

switching commutators arranged in cascade, so that the alphabet selected 

in Bn7 specitic case is determined by the permutative and horizontal 

alignment of the entire set of commutators; and means tor continuously, 

angularly displacing the individual commutators aperiodica117. 

35. In a cryptograph, a keyboard comprising character elements 

in operative electrical connection with corresponding signaling devices, 

means for varying the connections between the character elements and 

the signaling devices, said means including a set of juxtaposed, rotatable, 

single-ring-contact switching commutators mounted upon a col!lI!lon shaft, 

the commutators being individually angularly displaced by respective, 

individually controlled stepping mechanisms, the stepping mechanisms being 

electrically controlled by electrical currents passed through the COJllJllutators, 

the same cor.imutators being alternately employed in effecting the substitution and the control functions substantially as described.