i 

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REF ID:A4148559 

RESTRICTED 

ARJ.V1Y SECURITY AGENCY SCHOOL 

SPEECHES DELIVF:HED BY 

rvm. ;aLLL~: F. FRIEDi\L'\.l·J 

COLONEL HAROLD J.. fii: .. Y:SS 

LT. GFN. STEi'HEi'1 J. CH.Al-IB?RLIN 

On the Occasion of tl1e GrnC:u<J.tion of 

Tiff FIRST AlJVANCED CLASS 

AHi'JY SECURITY AGENCY OFFICER GENI.:RA.L COURSE 

7 ·May 1943 

.RESTRICTED 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 11-18-2014 pursuant to E .0. 1352a .... > 
\ 

"·1 "• 

.. •· 

SPEECH GIVEN BY MR. FRIEm!i .. 1.N 

I deem it a great honor and a rather unusual privilege to 

have been selected to say a few words of an introducto!"'J nature 

and to serve somewhat in the capacity of master of ceremonies 

this morning. I s~y that it is a great honor and a rather un~ 

usual privilege for two reasons~ First, I feel honored because, 

as Colonel Hayes will explain to you presently, this is a somev•Ihat historic· occasion in the .<i.nnals of the U. S~ Army. It is 

t.he first graduation of its ki.nd in the Army and, indeed, in 

the United States --- that is, it is a graduation wherein the 

graduation exercises of a school specializing in a field 

usually surrounded \-;ith so much secrecy are not being conducted 

at midnight in a pitch·black room. Also, it is the first 

graduation exercise of th8 Advanced Course in the Army Security 

~ze~cy Officers School. 

It is a rather unusu~l privilege, I feel, to have been 

selected for this honor, because it doesn't often happen that 

a· man is so fortuns.te as to be permitted, by the .?upreme Power 

who guides all our destinies, to live long enough tp see a 

science and a school devoted to tho.t sci.once grow as I have 

seen them grow. Science, as \'.'C .~11 know, mov0s very, very 

slowl.y. In the past few ye13;r~, of course, there has peen a 

great acceleration in the speed with which all sciences have 

been advancing, but in our field the advances have been exceptionally tjotable. Apd it is rather unusual for a man to see, in his 

own short lif G span, ~o remarkable and so large a segment of 

a9vancement occur as has occurred in the period from 1918 to 

1943. 

Now I wish it were possible to indicate from this platform;. 

for the groater interest of ciur guests, some of the signific3.nt 

acl.vances in cryptologic science which I have witnessed in my 

lifetime and which those who are graduating today have had the 

opportunity to study. But I am sure that all present appreciate 

the r0asqns why this is not possible. ·I find myself this morn:i.n;: 

in somewhat the same position I found myself in a dream I had 

the other night. 

I dreamt that my call had come, and as I was being ferried 

across the River Styx, tho ch~p who was running the ~I;;rry, n. 

transport engineer whose nama in Greek mythology is Charon; 

asked to see a copy of my orders. I pulled out a copy from rr:y 

briefcase and immediately became embarrassed. I felt as we all 

do in a dream which finds us nonchalnntly sauntering down the 

boulevard -- nonchalantly, that is, until .we suddenly disco·rn:i.• 

that we are minus certain necessary articles of apparel. For 

when I looked at what I was about to hand the ferryman as a true 

copy of my orders, I sm·1 only a completely blank sheet of paper. 

This 1 however, did not seem to take Engineer Charon by surprise, 

for. he proceeded at once to produce a bottle containing some 

chemical and a brus'' v:rhich ·he used to e.pply sorne of the liq11id . to the blank sheet of po.per. In a moment his face lit up and 

ho said: "Oh, yes, Friedman, I've been waiting for you. I 

knqv1 just VJhere to take you. 11 He ferried mo then to a l.:mdi.ng, 

where, I debarked and f~und an imposing archeq gatcwa~ into a 

thickly \'!Ooded park.. By the g9.tO was a simpb sign stating: 

"This way to the· HSA. 11 

I immediately recognized that the SA stood for· Security 

.Agency, but whether the H represented Heaven or Hell was not · 

clear to me. I'm sorry to have to tell you that it never did 

become clear, for reasons v.~hich you will soon realize. However, 

I proceeded along a dark path in the direction indicated by an 

invisible hand, coming presently to the main gate of a reservation surrounded by a double fence. The guards at the gate 
f: ... 

ffe1ImPJID4B559 

11 .. U • Bii U I B.U 

required me to present another copy of my orders and the same 

chemical procedure there proclticed results Vihich- got me inside 

the enclosure. I reported to the proper authorities at 

Headquarters Building and was sighed in r,:ithout undue d8lay, 

I was thcrc\1pon sent to tha Training School where I spent 

some· weeks while tho authorities went through tho sloVJ and 

complicated steps of obtaining for me a cryptographic clearance 

and a loyalty chl)ck. I can 1t and v:on 't attempt to tell you 

what I learnt in thG Training School; one thing I did not 

lcar:i, however, was v1hat the H in the HSA. stood for. None of 

the other trainees know, either; n.nd th·3 instructors, \vhon 

asked, g:ive answers that w0rc vory ambiguous, or else they v1ere 

in secret language, tho key to vrhich they held back. In due 

cou:nso, I received a certain type of badge. It had my photo, 

name, date of birth, serial number ancl lv!OS-9600 H. I nov1 was 

ready for my first job assignment. ·A guide took mo into a 

building v:hich I could soc was divided into large ':lnd sm!lll 

rooms, and bocauso of my special bndge I \'fas allowed to vmnder 

at will. 

In one of the larg0 rooms I S!11ii a number of groups of 

people Gach intent on '\';hat appeared to b•'.3 the snmc task, ---

or r:as it pleasure? -- n'.ll'lGly, rolling c1ce. "Aha, 11 I thought, 11Thc H must stand for Heaven. I 1 m going to liks this plc:.cc. 11 

So I sauntered cn.su11lly toward a r'.lthcr small group '3.nd stood 

behind one of the players, to do a little kibitzing. To my 

astonishment I bcg'.in to roco.rnize some of the pl~y8rs. A 

famous mathematici:m n:.:..!"led Bernoulli, kneeling on the floor, 

was rolling the bones;· Tri thomius, Porta, Cardan, Viete, 

Kasiski, Bazeries, tho Marquis de Viaris, and other famous 

cryptographers, all on their knees, were absorbed in watching 

the results. I v:ill not atfompt to duplicate the language 

used by Bernoulli to accompany the throwing of tho dice or 

that used by the others ~\·ho were watching; maybe I didn 1 t 

understand because it was all in a special kind of secret 

language. But curiously enough, the procedings were not very 

rapid. In fact, after r,~ach throw Bernoulli called out the 

results to u scribe who was sitting at a desk off a little to 

one side and who recordw them in tabular form in a large book. 

I VJent over to the scribe who turned out to be Poisson. 

and asked him: "~'!hat's cooking?"· ''Can 1 t you see, 11 ho replied 

without looking up, 11 ~'ifc are mossing up. the laws of prob.s.bility 

to confound th~ students of tho Army Security Agency Officers 

School on E.':lrth?" Thon ho looked up, g.~vc me a searching 

glance, and asked; "Hho o.re you and how did .you got in horG? 11 

With some embarrassmont I found that my badge had somehow 

become hidden bahind my bc~rd. I hastily pulled th8 badge out 

from behind the shrubbery and displayed it. He took one look 

at it, rend my name slowly, hopped doY:n from his stool, rushed 

over to the group, and exclaimed: "Friedm£l!l's reported in for 

duty -· you kno~'i, the ono they call 'Uncle Willie' at the ASP •• 11 

Trithemius stroked his ii'histors solemnly 3.nd said: "FrieC.;::crn, 

oh? ;fasn 1 t he the foll•.:iv; '\',~ho gave the first cryptologic course, 

in 1918, and thon lived on for thirty years to help ·with the 

1948 course? He's just the fellow we're lookin5 for. Maybe 

ho's the one •;,•ho \·;ill tell us nt least somoth in.g about tho new 

developments that have turnod up in those thirty years. It's 

a terrific job to find out anything at all about tho ASA --

they' re all so security-conscious! Front and forv:ard, Friedman, 

and toll us all iibout it. 11 With some fear I replied: 11 1 

c~n't ! I took a solemn oath not to tell; and besides, an 

Executive Order doesn't permit it." 11Exccutivc Order, 11 

exclaimed Tri themius, "Whose Executi vc Order?" ''A Pre sid-:mtial 

Executive Order," I replied. Trithemius reached for the 

telephone, dialed zero and soon began speaking. "There's a 

chap here named Friedman who has just reported ir,i from Earth. 

I've ordered him to tell us what's been going on at the Army 

RESTR!GTED 

2 
. REF ID:A4148559 .. ' I 

Security Agency for tho past thirty years and he refuses to talk. 

Says ho 1 s under a special secrocy oath and besides, he says, there's 

now a Presidential Executive Order against it. 11 He list~mod for 

a f~w seconds, hung up tho rr~cciver, turned to me and said: "The 

Chief of the Hsi:;. has authorized mo to say that i!1 case you won 1 t 

talk of your own volition and tho rest of us f'lil to get you to 

talk, t\-:o things a.re gcing to h.<!.ppen, First, as a special punishment, you \·;ill be assigned tho job of expunging from ovory sicigle 

book on cnptanalysis -- most, ospoci:i.lly from your or:n -- all such 

phrases as 1 It is obvious that 1 and simiL1r nonscmse. Second, 

ho's going to hold up_ beginning ir:1mediatoly, all appropriations 

for the Departments of Wine, Wor.ien '1nd Song l'' The threr.:t of such 

dire consequences and tho fact that the whole gronp been.me so 

menacing in its deocanor tow;:,rds me awoke mo. Indeed, I awoke 

v!i th great fright. That's v1hy I never found out what the Ii in 

HSA stood for, or to which echelon of the Hereafter the HS.A. was 

attached. 

Today, as I said befc-re, I find rnys8lf in a somewhat sirr.ilar 

position of not befog able to tell you in what respects our 

science and our School curricula have progressed, ;:ind I'ri in a 

bit of a fright.as to tho ire of those in the audionce who had 

hoped to learn something about v,·hat our gr<J.duatcs have been doing 

or have learned. I hope, hov10ver, that they will not hold it · 

against me or age.inst any of the other speakers this morning if 

we sidestep and \~·alk gingerly a.rou"ld the subject. As I se.id 

befor·3, I only wish we could tell you some details, bsicausc: the 

story is really quite impressive; but vie C'ln't. You will hnvB 

to take our i:wrd for it th?.t the officers 'Hho graduate today 

from ttw ~idvanced Course cf the Army Sccuri ty Agency Officers 

School have indeed qualified themselves for the certificates 

which they are about to receive. By diligence and hard v10rk, 

many hours of study, considerable perspiretion and, I imo.gine, 

'some profanity, they acquired the nece:ssary knowledge to fit ther:i 

to carry out certain important duties for which we hope the 

Army Security Agency Officers School has properly pr8pared ther.-i. 

It is now my pleasure to introduce to you the next speq}·~er, 

Colonel Harold G. Ha;fes, Chief of the Army Security i<gcncy, who 

will tell you something of the background of tho Army Security 

Agency Officers School. He hD.rdly needs any introduction, but 

for tho benefit of some of our visitors, I feel it desirable 

to indicate a bit about his ovm bo.ckground. 

Colonel Hayes wo.s born in Pittsburgl', Pennsylvania in 190'7. 

In 1929 he gradu,1tod frol'!l the United Stntes Milit:::.ry Ac(ldem~r 

and was commissioned in the Si:;n;>.l Corps. His assjgn!!lent to 

duty in our fisld of ':lCtivities begqn in 19JS, when ho be~a1;;e 

a student in the Signal Intelligence School. Ever since tha~ 

time his service in this field has been uninterrupted. Ir:. f::cct, 

it is interesting to note that he has the longest period of 

assignr:wnt to this type of duty of ::my officer of the ReviJ;:ir 

,'irrr.~r. In 1942, in Londop, Colonel Hayes ,,,;as assigned to the 

Planning Stetff for the N·)rth Afric'1n invasion :ind remr'.inod 

assignec1. o.s a member of the Staff of 1;.3:lied Force Headquarters 

until February, 1944, r;hen he returned to c:uty in Wr::.shingt'Jn, 

D. C. He vta.s appointer.! Chief, Army Security Agency :in J. .Ap:.-·il 

1946. He has been awardec the Legion of Merit v:ith O:Jk Leaf 

Cluster, qnd has been designated as an Hunor.'1.ry Officer, Crder 

of the British Empire. His distinguished c£J.reer in the military 

service is ma.tched only by his equally distinguished extra- · 

curricular career on the golf course, he being the.champion 

golfer of the Army Security Agency, including all continental 

~nd overseas stqtions thereof. It gives me great pleasure to 

present Colonel Hayes. 
I. 

REF ID:A4148559 

SPEECH GIVEN BY COLOi-JEL HAYES 

The Signal Intelligence School '.'.'as established by Mr. Friedman 

in 1931 and remained his responsibility for four years. Mr. Friedman was 'lt that time Civilian-in-Charge of the Signal Intelligence -

Service, the training offered in the School was completely integrated and well-coordinated with operations. 

The instruction given in the early days of the School, though 

it consisted principally of cryptanalysis, was as comprehensive as· 

it needed to be, considering the relatively simple oper'.:ltional 

procedures at that time. · 

As originally planned, the course was to lnst for one yGar 

and one student was to t8ke the course each year. But thG first 

class, consisting of 1st Lt. Mark Rhoads, recommended t\1'1at a 

second year be added in order to provide more thoro"J.gh training 

than could be accomplished in n sin?le yerrr. This plan was . 

adopted, and, beginning in Septerrib,:ir 1932 there were two Members 

of the student body, a junior member ~.nd a senior member. The 

junior member was 1st Lt. '.'!. Preston Corderman, v·ho later (from 

1943 to 1946) became Chief of the Si-sn"ll Security Agency. In 

September 1934 Lt. Corderman reli·.::ved ~lr. FrieCTnn.n as instructor 

of the Signnl Intelligence School, and thereafter it b8c:1'110 -Che 

practice to give one of the students v;l10 had cor.ipleted the twoyear course a tour of duty ·.is Officer-in-Charge and chi.ef 

instructor of the School. Lt. Cordorr.w.n h?..d as his student 

Lt. Harrod G. Iviiller, Si~n-'11 Corps, \'!ho is nor: a Colonel and 

President of the: Signal Corps Board o.t Fort Monmouth. 

The arrangement by which one stuc~ent would enter each ye"'.r 

to study along with a second-year stud~nt was abolished in 19J6 

in fg_vor of a pb.n which vwuld permit t'.'.'O students to begin tte 

course together. This would make it possible to cover more 

problems in the.course since the pick and shovel work could be 

shared and tvm minds were better than one in r.1aking the educated. 

guesses upon which success depends. 

In August 1936 Captain Miller, as Officer-in-Charge of tte 

Signal Intelligence School, began the instruction of the fir3t 

pair of students to study the course concurrently. One of these 

officers was 1st Lt. (later Colonel) George A. Bieber, who bcr.'.'l:ns 

Chief of the Signal Intelli3ence Service in the European Th8s.~~8:-~ 

of Operations, ancJ. later still the Deputy Chief of the A~n:y 

Security Agency. He is with us today. The other student v:.'.J.S 

lst Lt. Charles Brundy Brovm, Signd Corps, who i$ now a col·".)r;:':1 

on duty with the Joint Chiefs of Staff orgr:mization in th<2 

Pentagon. 

Betv;ecm August 1938 and Juno 1940 the student body 01.· t~·.,:o 

Sign<tl Int1.3lligence School was C'.)mposecl of 1st Lt. Joe C. ~.:-ie-..·:;.· and 

myself. CC1ptclin Bicher v:?..s our ir.structrJr. Lt.· Sherr served as 

a major under Gener.~l i'tiacArthur in the Philip;.Jinos. He V.'~·.s 

e-1.racuated fro:n. Bataan and, n.s a c::1lonol served o.s Chief :_i:: ·:.he 

Signal Intellic;ence Service in the SouthY!8St Pacific Are.:t. J:n 

1943 Colonel Sherr vms killed while en r'JUte to tho U~it9d ,.~ta'ces 

.in a tr.1.nS[:F;rt ph.ne. We V!ere the l'.cst students to c~nplet.~ ~,lie 

two-year c::1urso of the Sign.'11 Intclli:;ence School. Th0 h;o 

students whu follov.-ecl us v1ere Captain (nov: Coluncl) H<J.roF :Jcud, 

who later bec'.1me Chief af the ii.llied. Tr:msl:1tor :'!.nci I!lter~,~·8ter 

Service in t~s Pacific itre:::i., ::-,nd 1st Lt. (new C·)lonel) E.'.1.i le :r,. 

Cook, who lnter bcco.rne C11iof, AS,·i Europe. I v:as the instrvctor. 

We bagan working in August 1940, but t~1e course ho.d to be discontinued within a few months bec:luse ,_;f the pressure of v.·ork 

and the need to make use of the_ students in operations. 
REF ID:A4148559 

Two Coast guard students, Lt. Jones and Lt. Rhodes, _alsq 

·took the full two-year course, Jones in 1934-36, and Rhodes in 

1938-40. 

In the ten years of its existence the School had provided a 

thorough course of instruction in cryptana;Lysis ::.nd related 

subjects to nine Regular Army officers. It is interesting to 

note that of these nine gradun..tes, eight of them performed duties 

during the war which required signal intelligencs training. This 

is a unique record,. I believe, in the Army, which has an unfortumi.te 

reputation for training officers for certain specialized ~·rork and 

then never using them in that specialty. 

' A great many officers were trained by the Signal 3ecurity 

Agency during the war years, but·the scope and purpose of this 

instruction wg_s essentially different. It was specialist training which prepared officers in a single field of the Agency's 

acti •1i ties. 

Shortly after the end of the war the need to reopen the Sigr.al 

Intelligence School was recognized. Three major cha.nges in concept 

were apparent. 

First, the school needed to have official recognition. The 

prewar school, m.'J.inly bec:iuse of its size, was lacking in this 

respect.and hence an officer received no credit on hi.s offici'll 

record for having comp~eted the course. This did an injustice to 

the officer concerned as. well as to the importl'.mce of signal intelligence to the Army. Because tho ASA is neither a separate branch 

nor technical service, we.were faced with a difficult probler.i in 

having our school recognized as being on the s"l.l!le status as :_-._ny 

basic .'l.rm or service school. The bost we could get was to h::.:.ve 

our school recogniz0d as the equivalent, insofar as establishing 

eligibility for P.ttending higher schools such as the Commm1d :·,nd 

Staff School at Leavsnworth. It is nov: however accepted by any 

of the arms or services as substitute for their own basic courses. 

Second, the scope of the course needed to be vastly incre~sed 

to include not only all phases of signal intelligence, but signal 

security as well. The prewar course was aimed principally at 

giving training in crypt~nalysis. Our new objective was to train 

staff and operations officers v;ho would be capable of commanding 

large ASA units, directing their operations, and serving as 

special staff officers in the headquarters of large commands. 

ilnd, paradoxically, while the scope of tho course was to be increaseC:, the time was to bo reduced to one year instead of two, 

ns it w:.i.s felt th.-:tt a proper bals.nce between tr;-i.ining and operational requirer:ients would not perr.;it tv:o years 1 time to be 

devoted to school. 

Finally, the CP,pacity of the school needed to be vastly 

increased. We needed to turn out at least thirty officers per. 

course to have nny hope of neetin13 even peace time personnel 

de!"!a.nds. 

i~nd so in July 1947 our school got under wn.y wit!: twelve 

students. I' r.i :;Ltd to see that the same number c..ro finishing 

who str.rtocl. 

It was ::i.dmitteclly r,n experiment, it W3S new, n.nd we hoped 

to learn ~.nd profit from tho experience of this first course in 

mn.king needed ir.iprovoments. ifov: "this is not Dn apology, bee -:cuse 

I. d·:in 1 t feel that any apologies ,:.re called for. I clo ·hope, 

however, th'.1 .. t you v:ho are gra.c.uates of our first course, who 

may have seen many p?_rticulars in which our course was not up 

to sta.ndard, wh•:) may at times have been discouraged or disappointed, I hope that you will give us the benefit of your 

experience a.nd advice in setting up a better course a.nd better 

instruction. VJe shall have a period of four months in which 
·REF ID :·A4148559 

to prepare for the next course v\'tiich starts in September ~nd in 

the meantime those of you graclw:i.tes who remain on duty in this 

area can expect to be c'l.lled on for your help. 

. (· 

I "''ould like at th ls time to e. --tend my sincere c<ppreciA:t ~iY. 

and corr.mend.".tion to all member·1 of ti-e school faculty, to al]. o·'.1· 

instructor,:;, and to the other3 v.rho J:we so' much of their tim8 m/l 

e.nerc;y to m:.i.ke this course c. succ<::sJ. F~>r many ::.t wR.s anothu:.• 

case •)f th'J.t often used phr'lse in the, Army ''in G.(ldition to y; :u.>. 

other· duties. 11 It is our hopo and DU.r plP.n th<it in thA futur:i 

we· sL.111 hwe a pormane-:'lt nnd full"."time f!l.culty with no other 

·responsibility thri.n t'o make this school second to none, but Fer 

this first course we }'ad no other choice th~n to make thG bes" 

of w~s.t we had. 

· nd last, but certs.inly not le<>.st, let me extend uy appr.~c:'.aticm ·l/j the ;s-radnrtting class without whose ener~etic interest 21c 

active coo[1eration .:.'Ur school could never have succeeded. My 

con,;ratulations to you all ·me~ may you h?.'!8 the opportunity to 

servo your country y;el+ .md f':l.ithfully in the specialty for whi ·:~ 

you h~ve been trained. 
REF ID:A4148559 

NOTES FURNISHED GENERAL CHAMBERLIN FOR USE IN 

HIS EXTEMPORANEOUS ADDRESS 

1i j~ 

On 8 May 1945 at Rheims, France, the terms of a military 

surreno.er were si5ned by the Germans which brought to an end the war in 

Europe,-- a war which we were told by certain persons in these 

United States that we could not possibly win. Three months and 

seven days le.ter, on 14 August 1945, we brought to an end the War 

in the Pacific, -- another feat we were told would be impossible 

of accomplishment. 

It vms not by chance that these victories were possible. 

World. War II W!..tS fought with guns and shipe and planes,. with 

machines and supplies, and men, and also with propaganda ::i.nd 

diplomacy. But not with these alone. The v1eapon v;hich we used 

with the most· telling effect was intelligence. ~1.re had more and 

better intelli5ence than our enemies had. 

Well, ne won th~ Wnr and active or shooting hostilities 

ceased,· but a cold hostility had replaced them nnd grows r.iore 

and more bitter against us. We are threatened toda.y, as we have 

never been threatened before in peacetime with a very real danger 

to our security as a nation.. We are c:i.lled upon agn.in to moke 

sacrifices, to invest in government bonds, to give our time to 

military preparations. In the present battle for security we are 

as a nation pouring gold and food into Europe. We mn.y have to be 

ready to back up these investments with men 'lnd guns if necessGry. 

Our commitments are worldwide. 

Pearl Harbor and our experience in World Wl:l.r II t.'.'J.ught us 

some things about security and the all-important role of intslligence vhich we h<>.ve applied and which we are applying today. 

It is pretty well established, for instanee, that 11 as our positiV•3 

power to provide national security, that is, militnry strength, is 

decreRseq, the efficiency of our intelligence services must be 

correspondingly increased in ·)rder to insure· sufficient advance 

warning of hostile intent and capabilities to allow mobilization 

of our national resources." Accordingly, while demobilization and 

reorganization of the armed forces was taking place, we were 

planning the revitalizing of the intelligence services of the 

United States. We are still in the process of perfecting those 

services so as to prevent another Pearl Harbor. 

To this enc the Chief of Struf on J March 1947 sent to the 

higher commanders and principal st'.lff officers ·.Jf the Army a 

memorandum concerning the intelligence functfons n.nd responsibilities of the Army. In this memorandum it VJas <.:irected that each 

addressee should "impress all appropriate elements V!i thin his 

sphere 0f responsibility with the importance of :1.n efficient 

intelligence service within the Army, and by appropri~te instructions ind continued field inspection require execution of the 

gcn8ral pbn11 which wr>i.s cited therein. The General Intelligence 

Plan promulgated by the Chief of Str.tff in this 6irective of 

3 !1Inrch 1947 embodied ·the folloviin;; courses of rtction: (See T~~") . 

· As a member, .:me: 3. most ir.ip:)rtant member of the int el.iigence 

team, the Army Security Agenc:r is chn.rged. with the responsibility 

f·)r the perfectiq.g of that p ·:rtion •.Jf ')Ur overall intelli1ence 

pror;ram which is cohcerned with si:5nal intelli~ence and com· 

munications security. 

For the benefit of some -::if :JUi' g\,lests at this exercise, I 

will outi.ine in very bror:d terms the general mission of the Army 

Secu~ity Agency. It is a. two•ro.id mission and I'm not sure which· 

half is the more important, so I.don't want any of those present 

, to draw any inferences from the order in which I give them today. 
REF ID:A4148559 

There is, on the 0ne hand, the mission of producing, in time 

of war, intelligence from a study of the enemy's communic~tfons. 

The technical nqme \'/0 give it is sign;i.l intelligence or communication intelligence, nnd my own exμerience enables me to tell you 

·that such intelligence is extremely useful n.nc1 valuiocble. But, as I 

have inc.1icn.ted, that is only on8-h,,,lf of the two-folc mission of 

the Army Security As~mcy. The c. th er half is the protection 8f 

·Jur 0 1;·n communica.tic;ns at all ti:'.les, so as to prevent the enemy 

from being successful in his e,ttcmpts t,:1 obtain int_elli:;cnce from 

our-messages. The technic"l.l n:J.me vie give this phase c;f the mission 

is communic::ttion security. 

One thing I'm sure the gre.C:hl~LtGs here ha·rn barned in their 

studies nnd have come tc appreciate is hov: and why these two ph::,s·3s 

of the .t:;eneral mission of the ;.~g,::,ncy complement 1.nd support each 

othe::.·. And the fnct th.'"'tt they c:.re sci interrclatec tells why the 

Chief of Staff of the Army n.nd his VD.rious assistant chiefs look 

to the Army Socurity Agency for technic"!l advice on mrttters in both 

fiolcls. Some clay, pcrhnps in th3 not-t 1.)o-distant future - v;ho 

knows? - some of toc::w' s gre.dun.tes r.i.s.y find themselves carrying 

the burdGn of resp·:msibility fc·r giving proper tochnic0.l · s.c:vice. 

That is why I 6emn the trqining they have receiveci in the Army 

Security Ager.cy School· to be of such hi;;h irnp:·rt:rnce • 

. Tc carry out tho mission which hn.s 'Jesn '.lssigned to it and. 

to meet in ::. se.tisfactory manner the incrcnsec~ responsibilities · 

that have been placed up·)n- it, the Army .Security Agency must hnvo 

officers \"ith tr:dnin1 J.nd experience - officers ~·:ho will give 

their best to and ~ke a c:lreer of their ASA assignments. 

You gentlemen of the ;,:;rac2ua:ting class of the Officers School 

Division have attended classes eight hours a dG.y for a per:'..oc~ of 

46 vJeeks. You have been getting acquaintod with the activit.i:os •.1f 

the Agency so that you will be p.rc;p.,,;?'.'od to assume c: sh'lre of the 

resp~msibilities of the 1~gsncy. I \•r·.nt to' welcome y0u to uur 

. intelli,'jonce team, on v:hich you will have an opp•.:;rtuni ty to 

contribute in no small measur0 to tho winning of our bn.ttle for 

n~tion~l security. 

(Add n.ny additionc..l personal remarks as deemed approprinte.) 
.... . ' .. 

REF ID:A4148559 

HAR DEPARTMENT 

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF 

WASHINGTON 

'rf•B '~' f>.~'. ' . ' 

3 March l'.'/,.'I 

Subject: IntelJ i,-·.:;nce Functions ~ .. ,.J ~a~pon~ibilitios 

TO: c: J~:'": 

c ::- ~lf•~.d~' 

C;J. USll'.ll. 

r;c;. ,I:!iTJ 

c~~· AG·~·r .:'1.L 

.. ::·~ c~·d·LCBB:=.AN j .!EF:.rrsE CGJjIVi.Al![i 

v~- :,.r~_n,d itI!i FC~8SS 

CG .. ~.·-,~·-·~Y G.n·~~TJ='J:.. r··lF~C?~8 

CC 'i.i-~FTES Z. lo AND I':L:u. ;·; .. 

r- .. ~ T/~ViAND AND STii.FF CO:GE;;GE 

;,:c::::Ff' or ADMHiISTR.ii.'l'T\fE _;_,J'L TECHNICAL ;:-;f:-tVICF.S 

1. R·~Sl1ltin,5 frcm our experiences in tv;o wars ~me~ = ~.J .. · 'ur 

painful s1c1·~rise J.t Poerl Harb.'Jr, it h3.s been acknowle.-=·-f-~ ··.'::!. ;·:1,• 

highest lt;70ls tr:at Ir1tclli'-;ence services of th<> Govcr:1:·,,s , . ., :-'.!;!::: 1-. 

be rehabilitated J.nd b:i..''Jught to high cffic:!.:mcy. Sud. ,,~·;· '.·:. ··t.e:~g-­

me:i"G has prrw:i.c.1sly been voice( C•!l the gonc1·.s.l princip:~:; '."1c·.c. "·-·" 

our positivt:: pJwer to provide national sec11ritJ, i.e.: 1::5i:•:L<"? 

strength, is decre::i.sed, the efficiency of our InteJ..lio!r~r .er:' serYices 

must be cc•rr2spond~ ng:Ly increased in order to insure ;;·.:....r'f .i.. :, ··f·,r. 

advr.i.n..::s rn:,_rn~ ri:; of h·')stilc inton.t. nncJ. cs.pabilities tc: n.::..::. • · 

mobil iza:tion c)i' C\.L n,,tiona-1 resource8. 

L Praoc ~itpati::;n with pr6hlr:;c.s of dem0bilizatit1=: '<· ' -. s .. 

org.<Jnizatiun hi,;.· ~.'.:)sorbed great:.'..y -L:.h~::; time c·ll'.'t thou'.~; .. :, x·' i.;,s 

higb,.:;:i.~ com!i'.':!r.c:c:'t'5 '.end principal ::;to.f:.'.' office:::-;~ C:uriLV :.".:cr:.ir'.-

m.')nth::i. It is L.esired now to draw the attention of +~he;(: r££'iccrs 

to the irnpc:rta:nce of pl.'.'tcing Intelligence nn the priority level 

which is required in national interests. 

J. Progress in the improvement of the efficiency of the 

Intelligence services h~s been ~tt~ined since the postwar reorganization of the War Department through the application of 

v.arious recom·mendations of Boards of officers and inves'!:-igating 

committees. There are, however, certniri func1.amental difficulties 

which tend to retarc' full reccgnition of the imp•Jrtqnce of 

Intelli:~ence in our no.tfonr.'.l clefense structure. These are: 

a. A lack of full unc:erstandin;; and apprccie.tbn on al 1 

levels, from the War Department to thG lowest troop echelon, of 

the scope :md vitril importn.nce of Intelligence to national 

security. 

b. Assiijnment ::>f inexperienced personnel to Intelligence 

duties, le.ck of stress of Intelligence training in all echelons; 

frequent turnover 'Jf trainec1 personnel on Intelligence duties, 

thus sncrificing benefits of experience and continuity; and 

inadequate incentive to attract FJ.nd continue on Intelligence 

duty the highest type :Jf military personnel. 

c. Curtnilment of Intelligence personnel available for 

collectioh, evaluation, and dissemim.tion of In~ellisence. 

4. A long-term plan has recently been 11pproved which, if 

applied progressively by commanders n.nd staffs of all echelons, 

should result in the elevation of the Intelligence Service to the 

level of priority it demands in our scheme of national preparedness. This plan is: 
' . •~., r •, -"'• ".:: . 

REF ID:A4148559 . " 

a. Ccntimiing review of tho curricula ::tnc', field 

inspection of instructL:in in all army schoo,ls by .:t.ppropri.s.te 

commanders and by.the Director of Organization ind Tr'liriing 

and. the Director .)f Intelli·:;ence in cooμerati:Jn, to insure 

that the courses ih !htelli-zence trainitig emphasize the imppt"t;>.nce ·Jf Intell:i.grnce o.nci !1re ac:.'equc.te an( c-:msistent with 

the mission of the schools. 

b. · c:ontinuing review of pro:;rams ;::.nd field ipspection 

of training b;y c.pp!';:ipriate comhle,nc.1ers and by the Dir1Jdtor of 

Orsn.nizatf::ih D.n( 'rr:;:;_ininG rmc1 tl_1e Li~·ector of Intelligence i~ 

cooperatfon, t::) irisure that I~telli,~ence training in the service 

is aceqrn1te· ::ciii:~ ·\opropri.qte t6 the m"ission of the units ·c.:mcerned. 

c. b.:i tin.ti:m <>nc1. monitorin.·:s by tho Dircct·Jr ·~f Intelli;~cncc, V'D:}E\ d' continuin; revicv.r by the JDint ·Intelli~ence · · · 

Committee· ( ;<.t·1 .J /~rit Chiefs ·.)f St::..ff approv11.l) of instructi·Jn 

in, the.· schoo.-.s· l rii:-:er crmtr:::il .of tho Joint Chfofs •Jf Stiff to 

insure that lnt1;lli'.';·onco is .::i.dnq_uA.tely stressec~., ;ncl tn"\t the 

Intelligence c_.;urses ".T!J a6::::;quate ?.nd consistent v·ith the r.iis3fon 

of the schuoJ.s. 

(. . c·or:t inui11.:; emphnsis by· the Secrotar;/ of ~!·u ~nc1 t'ciG 

C'.:ief c.-f St'df in testimony bGfcm::i thr,; C'."lngress qnd. in -c.cnf.~,rencefi 

\';ith milit:u:.;y· c0mm :aiders r:>f the vital impurt~.nce of Intr~ll L~;e:i.C8 

in our nrtti,-;n\l prE)p.rednes_s. · 

e. :-:s:t,:;:,blish the principle n.t the e<trliest practi.c'!.'.)J.;;. 

dnte that a recuirament. fc..r "r1ssi·;nment ti;; IntellifScnce posit :J.,JY'S 

will be th8 prier completion :_,f s service sch:iol. Intellige~1ce 

course, ur eouiv<i.lent 1.'iar 'experience, nppr.iprinte to the P·D:': .'.-r,::_on; 

tho c"eto.iled pl<>.n t:J be -:•riginated b~r the D"l.recto'r of Inte~L-:;"'nc~ 

along the fellowing· g.;:iner?.l lines: 

Unit -positions below (ivision artd 

numbered. :Air Forco level~ 

Positiqns inc1uc~1.n~ anc~ above 

+.he division ::md nurnbr:irec1 Air 

force level, excepting the l'!ar 

Dep:crtmont GcnerP,l St;;i'f ~.nd -

i•lilitmT .:~tt,':l.ches: 

Senior. positions ab~ve. 

c iv is ion ci.nc1 numberec;1 rdr 

:F :Jrce levels ::me"'. bcluding . 

Ear Department (lnc'. · !1,: ;Llitary . 

Attaches:·' 

Specb.l Service 

Schools 

Gener::i.l S•")rvicc 

Schools 

Str-'lte:ic 

Intelligence Schcol . 

L Cantinue::l ·m,:mitoring ,_if ~.S$izn.'!lent cf .-:)fficers to 

· Intelli!":;ence positbns b:r · '.3.fJi:Jr:1p~·i:.te c:)mma.nt.~ers '-'_!;6 by the 

Di~eci~r, FersDnnol nn( i~ministrntisn, ~rid th~ DirectDr of 

Intelli:;ence t•J obt·•.in .gr(:nter ste>.bility · _,f Intelligr.jnce 

orgc>.niz0.tion '.1nc-~ incre'"'.sec length c.f duty t·mr. · 

g. · Continued reviev; by the Director ·)f OrT~nizatir:in 

~•nd Trc.ining :me: the Direct:Jr of Intcllisence )f t.<:>.bles of 

org.:mizn.th-n n.nd allotments to insure thnt Intellig9nce positions 

are accor(,ed shi"lo prestige )f rank as nre oper~ticnis, W'lr planning 

and· supply positi:.ms. · 

h.· 

the Directar 

Intelligenc? 

duties which 

functions. 

Co"ntinuing review by apprapriate comm~ndors and by 

of Organization "1.nc.: Tre:ining anc' the Director of , 

to avciid as:?ignrnent to Intelligence officers of 

prevent proper perform::mce· of thbir intelligence 
. . REF ID:A4148559 

i. Continued C.<1reful selection by appropri.::::.te COr.1manc1ers 

and by the Director,· Pers<mnel .o.nc-i ·..'..c1ministr?.tion, un "t(vice of 

the Dir\'lctor ::if Intellig·::-:nco, ::if officers t:i fill t•)p lovsl Int9i.-

ligence positions ~ncluding milit~ry ~tt~ches. 

J. Continuec' r~ecentr'Jliz.:::.tfon of selected fi.:·>i.c+, i_ona by 

.o.p;::r·::ipri -:i.t .. ;: c:::-·11mo..n(ers 1.nr' by the Dircctc•r of Intelligence v1~i.thin 

· thG .irmy 9tructure v;hero efficL:ncY will not be s"cref lce3. 

k. C ::n~tinuod efforts b7 the Direc:to:".' J!' l"l"t-.eJ_::.i ,.,.,_m·~e 

t11rc1~.:;h ;:,ts l.h":.:!.c.n~.1 Intc<lligenc~ Authority'to p:1ss furn.:tion:=-. 

nc::.t of prirn.-:-,ry- :_:-:7,::;rest to the W~·.:::.· Dep'.l~~tm0nt oithe:;_· later.:i . .l.ly 

to other c~o:x:.rtr:.~·.1i:.s of ths G·ncrnment cir to tre CentrG.1 InteJ. .. 

li;;cnce Grcup vv>ec·e of'ficiency v;~ll be g.dned. 

J.. ~l~c:~te pGrs0nnel ta Intslli1ence, recognizing 

the pr.:'...~1·.!ip h :.:''." ·. · ::· ~ cm:· fY:,sitive pc1wer f')r security c~cc~_ir:·es 

our reJ.icinc,1 •:i1 ·1~·1+,c.~J.igsnc·:; to dete:·mine thL-o strength rmd 

~irection o; ~~~~·~tE to 0ur security increases. 

-5. It is r':ou0;;ted thr,_t each ar c::resseo ir."1pross all app:::-:Jpriate elemrmts v;::..thin h:_s sphere of resp·:insibility v:ith tho 

impDrtnnce cf an efficient Intalligenc8 ss1.·vicco within tra· ,\rll.y, 

and b:<-r approprista inr"'tructic·ns n_nc. c:_intinued fiold insp0·G •,:: ::::-i. 

require e:~1?.ct;t:Lc:c .::;f ·-'~'!1.e seneral pl~a ci tcd hare in. 

BY DIJ.E'.':'l'IOI-1 CF THE CHIEF Of ST,·.FF: 

/s/ H. L Ho<'i::s 

H. I. HODES 

Brig::;.C.i·3r }e::n. Jr~1. ;·:· r]-1:·.:c 

Asst. D)~;uty ~1 i-.;:~· cf 3tr.-,ff