CD 

1\ ' . \ e ~· \ I I\ 

'I 

I\ 

l \; \ 

.\ l\ . •,, 

An object of this invention is to provide a cryptographing ma.chine· 

"\ 

which;when properly positioned over the keyboard of any commercial type- ' \ 

of :pisiat ing beleg1 aph;y , )Will, ttpea a. le~"Dle-mee sage er eemm1m i oat ion . .• 

pebtg w:a:'itten on tha keyJ;u2a.t'1 ...g.£-t.he-c~~aplU:-ng:-machTne-a.nd-a:pOfr' e. 

perfora:bed-· ta~d.-ng~ln'u.-the-te.pe'"' trm1;sm:it~ will function ;t 

\ 

\ 

\ 

'. . ~.'. . \ -~. . . . ~<Jr--°""'" rv..r.. -<f~--, ~ . ' --~· . ' ., ~t~Ji .;.../). - \;u_.u.A..,......~ J 

~ he t-ype · . ~e;w,fPt&~P&m~ The product- ~ .I . . . ~~"~ 

ion of the cryptogram will be automatic and requ.ire no special skill or · 

. f]v._ ~- 'f-OJ'li:. ~ " 

knowledget-. of the operati::Pn, iHle-- eJ,te1abvr being a .. ignora.n~ of any pa.rticu. ar le~t.er which will occur e.s a resu.lta.nt. ~the action of the 

. . ~ ~~~. 

ge:~~~~lo&Sm!l"i·t~t~e!'i'F"""Sdl~~~~i". This cryptogram may then 

be sent by a.ny of the usual coumiercial methodsJ mail, telegraph, cable, 

or radio )a:nd will be uninteiligible to 'Mea:a:t::tw:a;::J;:a;ed pua.stmw persons 

w ithaut the proper means of decipherment. 'Phe 'eJlithoi 

. . i./Ja I\ per· son ~ 

~ provided with e. cz;yptographing ma.chine i~entica.J. with the one used 

~ W't... tc...t.. ~ o.f~~J . . to encipher the mes.sa.ge.,~imply rew:i:-i'tes the cryptogram, letter for letter, 

~~~c:.t~~. . .a . .. ~n,.__~, ma.chine" ~l?ich produces t.he ~gible message on "&.1.-typewriter~w ~ 

0 \/.) ~ ~r4"~ ~~· . ,furl;her object of this invention is the applies.~ of the printh tape transmitter, using the five uni~de, and using a. cir-

,,,:1/ .,._,.'./' 

celluloid tape,. with c~~.acters punched ha.pha.zardly, to 

/ ' 

ith a Ban.dot s~-W~toothed keyboard transmitter, of 

/ ~ 

~r that the aot ion of the ta.pa tre.nsmitter 

a.nd. the keyb oa.rd transmi.t"Ger v1 l for any given character add or Sllbtract /r~ • algebr&ically~e reaul.ta.nf; or odn.ot will control a combination or 

slott~d B~'t translator bars, also of ~~l ~~wn form. As in printing 

telegr~~ the position of the translator ba selects the letter to be 

pr~ and such is the oase in this applicatio11. ,, oJ uo _ . ~~~~· •' 

A. further ob~·ect· of this invention is the uniqu.e means ~Mled by·~ . , f'· _J.~, • ;. ..i.D c~' , , • «- " , ~~ ·~- __ ·~ ':...\) ..... Cl_L'L.. 11.;-.. 1 ... .___ 1 .... . ' ~· . -~ '-D 

whioo th~&tii:ne or :the...~t·t~....ofl-t.M.,.;t~ew.P.i-ter.-.~i-~~. 

I>.. ~, "~ iRti.. ~~...w-v~U...r ftu-~o.~A. ·~ .~ ~ ~ ~. 

~~ ;h,\)r~ ~ ~ ~1~~~ ~ · . 

@'pproved for Release by NSA on 12-05-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 
REF ID:A41618. 

- -2-

~ 

These ~tha.t after a letter ha.s been selected,~,.t.~per time a. 

.,,,,,,;.- f\ 

""'"'' printing iftlPUls~ours thru,. ,._.et/~•••• a pertaining plunger, 

There a.re thirty two"o~hese piungers which a.re properly positioned over 

-,. / 

the keys of a.ny typewrite e.t).d the plungers thereby control the type-

'-..... . ..,_ . 

writer keyboard. e means of strik:l:Eg the correct plunger, a.nd of opt;ypewrite; keyboard by the•~ to. be new · 

and 

·~.~-~ the~control 

~ of the keyboard 

·~~~ 

of a. standard typewriter by the reSlllta.nt action of a ta.pe transmitter 

~a,Q. ~~+· .. cL&-k . . /\ 

A further object~of this invention is 

u.pon a."keyboard tra.nsmitter.13;, mcB&fs of' a bieiRsiiaiileh 

I The many applica.tio~of such a device as a.n automatic cryptographing ma.chine which can be used with ~ or a.11 commercial typewriters, 

requiring only to be positioned over the keys of the typewriter and 

removed as desired, will be readily apparent. AJJY commercial or milir;~ . J\P-~~~~e\',w.J...aJ ~ tary ~ee- i~w~i=~ -~~ret ~~IlllID;111ica~o~ ~".' ~- ~ &. qwfek; . . 

~' 

T"""- u:r~,~~~~ ·':-0--''~ ,_,_-_"·-P,"' •. - . 

withou~ requ.iring~?el'ea:Mi&!l at' ti: '=u 81$...,...tra.ined ·~ 

cryptographers• ~lling bllii6 amt l&ttaas cwr asa aaelt & deo tee iie great 

In the drawings accompanying.and fonning a part of this· application 

~(\Jl~~ . 

Firi is a" riee= cleve;t..~118\'l of the cryptograph i~ i ~ ~ ~el;,at ipnsh.ip . ~ J. L'. fl 

,:'1.~ ).,~,0.-4 ~ ~-\:t->w.i .;t4 ~A.AA.~ ~~ 

to a. typewriter keyboard. ~Q&. ~eme =ts- shewtt remov~s~ · - J 

~~~~-dene.t~~~~g'l"Siph-wh&~e~~£, 

tiie-.key.s,,~~w.t*te~6·•-·F4~~i·~"'"frent""vl"'ew"'o"f'''flie";'.."'eyrpto~ "~. ~l 

f being 1eal1Md "that tRe-typew.r4~s...beh~~~h'OW?l"ry\i'ft'e".:.-;re-. 

F~~" 

,, 

~e.t~e.s,,.w,i"1.J.~ew-~l:aii'lled~eact'ion::iti~::-:-::. 

e.t 3 in Fig. l a.nd •. ,,lle · μ;.1.r 

,,,,,, ...... ,., .... in the,,...convent ion.al 

___ .., ·r-

+ t ~- - .J... 

~ - - .\_ .l,.. 
,.., 

. '. ,.. 

\ 

REF ID:A41618. -

~- It is believed that an explanation of a schematic representation of 

our invention will form the best basis for its understan4ing, and therefore reference will be made to Figure 1. In this figure A represents a 

u front view and D a side elevatio~ of a B~dot keyboard transmitter; B 

represents a perforated-tape transmitter; C represents a front view, and 

E a side elevatio~of a B. A~ 

7 .dot s~otted-bar translator; F. represents a 

~ side elevation of the keyboard of any typewriter G, bearing 1' sts.ndard· 

keyboard. 

l) ' 

The Brdot key~oard transmitter is so well known in the art 

of.printing telegraphy that no detailed description of it is deemed neeessary. ·rt is sufficient 

. 

to indicate that we make use 

. of ~~ 

atfix-bar trans-

. h~~~··Ql\,·i-)~~4-lS::·~~O·~ M 

. mitter_, "bf:ie bar merbic P hejpz 'on ?ddjtjoia te "W11nttell6il f'~lla1'ked--i: "'2": 

-~~~~·,~~~~~~~&.~~- ,~, ~, aml 6. The ex± re 'Ba!l9+*6er1J'es4t'"f'uneti~"Pl esenti-,-tu be aes~~~· 

/The function of ~bars l to 5 is to control the set of contact levers 

6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. These contact levers are normally at the left, but 

when a bar, for exa.~ple 3, is displaced toward the right by depressing a 

\'J.. l 

keybar /\of the keyboard transmit tar P.., the contact lever 8 is moved to the 

right and closes contact at 16. · The five contact levers being independent, 

it is obvious .that the contacts controlled by them can be established in 

a permutative manner to correspond to the 

I) 

spacing elements of the well known Bafdot 

permutations of marking and 

five-unit code. The letter A, 

rJJ t< " for exa~ple, is represented in this code by the symbol + ~ - where/\+ 

tl \' indicates a marking element, a - indicates a spacing element. For our 

(( ,, purposes, a·+ will indicate that t_he transmitter bar has moved to the 

right and that the contact lever is making cont~ct with its right hand 

(I ~"I 

contact;. and ,a - -~rill indicate that the transmitter bar has not moved and 

that the contact lever is making contact with its left hand contact. Thus, 

as we have arranged it, contact of the eeRW.st levers 61 7, 8,· 9, and 10 

-1-

-~-~-L· __ -_f_.· ~ .... 
~,J-­

j fJJ1 l 

~iJ -.,-~ 

1 

1 

"'--- J 

1~1i 

@Jj 

-l-f~~1. ~ 'J-_ 

-- REF ID:A41616lf 

is made with their left contacts 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19, respectively, 

when no displacement of the bars takes place, and contact of the ~•tact 

levers with their right contacts, 12, 14, 16,, 18, and 20, resp.actively, 

is made when :t.he bars are displace~. The1·efore, the contacts set up to 

l) 

correspond with the Bafdot code for letter A will .be as follows: contact 

1.ever 6 closing, contact 12; contact lever 7 closing contact 14; contact 

~)~)~,l.c?~°x°'t°~.t' 1~)11) ~:\t\j~ ~ levers&. f':\ ehsi rt;' c'5ntacts ~a~ ,, iil'eiit:tga e~1"rmM-=eoRteret 

~vu i@-eteaing e:a~. ,.!.. \ 1 ' ('I~ ~ 

i))_,A/.>fV•'~.4.l~ ) 

.. Transmitter bar .oihas as_ its function the control of contact 36, 

I 

which, in conjunction with back contact 37 of a relay 38, controls a magnet 

50 that is a part of translator c. The circuit and function of magnet 50 

will be explained later.~°!lb ~~·&-w~ ~1~ ~~- ?\AJ· . --ZJ , A master contact 39/\. under control of a universal bar 46, serves 

to keep the entire system in an inoperative condition until any ke~::of 

keyboard transm.i tter A is depressed. A tooth at the right extremity of 

each. bar O~ 1, 2, 3, 4,, and. 5J will move universal bar 46 to the right and 

will thus close contact 39 when any one of the bars is displaced to the 

right. )ih~· maghs Ri-ea:~.aB§eme:a~thi~s~"Cti:on':-~e~sTJ:~f"'~ • 

~ It is necessary that the sliding bars of the keyboard transmitter 

A be locked into the positions they assume on the depression of a key'l!Jiaip 

J . ~ ~i..wi& ~A·! .. "~··. ~ _ . . is accomplished by means}\ r$- locld.ng bar 48.) controlled by arina ture . 49 ~ _ l) 

-~ cJ. c:j__ magnet 56 eleetzieal eheaH1~ is as follovvs: from positive of battery ~ through conductor 91, contact lever 83, closed contact 84, conductor 

92, closed contact 39, conductor 96, winding~of magnet 56, ,conductors 97,, 

881 

~ 871 ~ 22 to negative of battery H. Spring 98 holds armature 49 in f\ . . . '·\ 

its unactuated position. '~ 1'T!Cehm1ie!lal op~ation .. WWW of the lock.it~, 

keyboard transmitter A have now been described. 

-2-
REF ID:A41618-

The tape transmitter B is also so well k:no~m in the art of printing 

telegraphy that no detailed description is necessary. Suffice it to say that 

it has five contact levers 211 221 231 241 and 25, which vibrate between five 

right-hand or marking contacts 271 291 31, 331 and 351 and five left-hand or 

spacing contacts 261 281 301 32, and 34, under the control of a perforated 

tape, by means of five finger pins, no_t shown, which are presented under the 

tape. As in the case of the keyboard transmitter the right-hand ..,...contacts 

•I " IC II 

are in our terminology "t contacts, the left-hand ones.)- contacts. Upon the 

presentation of a hole in the tape over any of the finger pins the act of the 

pin rising through the ~ hole allows the pertaining contact lever to move 

to its right hand contact and therefore makes that contact one that can be 

II i) 

designated by the + sign. When the pin does not go through a hole in the 

tape· the contact lever makes contact vii th its left-hand contact, and there-

(.( l) 

fore this can be designated by the - sign. The tape is perforated to corres-

. LJ 

pond to the permutations of the "Bafd~t code, and thus there are 3l..different 

permutations of contact levers of B. The finger pins are withdrawn and the 

tape is stepped forward automatically by magnet 47, after the transmission 

of the impulses corresponding to the se.t of+ and - contacts denoting a given 

u 

letter of the Ba;dot code. Supposing the perforations denoting the letter N, 

ll " 

whose code equivalent is - - tf--, be presen~ed to the pins of B1 contact 

levers 21, 22, and 25 will be against their left-hand contacts 261 28, and· 

34, respectively;. contact levers 23 and 24 will be against their right-hand 

, contacts 31 and 33, respectively. The principal parts of the tape transmitter 

B ha~ov1 been described. 

u . 

The B~fdot translator C is also well known in the art of printing 

telegraphy. It consists of the usual set of five notched bars 41, 421 43, 

44,, and 451 and one additional bar> 40 J whose function vii 11 be explained la. ter. 

- The five bars 41 to 45 are displaced to the right under the control of the 

set of magnets 51, 521 53, 541 and 55. These magne~s are controlled jqintly 

by the sets of contacts of the keyboa~d transmitter A and the tape transmitter 

-3-
\ 

B in a manner well knovtn in.the art of printing telegraph cryptographs, so 

that a brief description will suf.fice:J'. '!'he electrical pf'liidiple can 1'e -best 

--------~~---- ~~J,a.~~r'S"'~-:-'lmteMrhl~-e-obs'e'!'Ve'd'>~~""'Il!Rgfle't:. 

~~_j).~~:n~:e;t .... 1ev;&1~~ma.-k;;i:-ri.-g~n.<1:,ao.~l .. ~rui- ,, 

fie lii~i-'t3 =t5h1 eu~ue;gnet--~an 1'e-e:eilip>lftGd1

• -:ff-""C\5Tft~'"2-a-r..e 

- - . -· ~Aa..l} ~~~~""O~~t:W-l)J\.oon,t.a~ 

"""26 um! -8'7 1 a: pttiF 61'"-C"Ottmet'sTMOf--the""'l:ie:pe""ti Mf~+J.~""11~­ . Wi'.h-~r•b 

i!.igar~ 'e and F':t'gtlr~ pea 0JJ11kw =zs!J?hass ,~ 

~. 

-~magnet 51 of c, the ·circuit of which is controlled by"t1..'To contact 

levers, 6 of A,and 21 of B. Only one of four possible cases with respect to 

these contact levers can exist at a given moment: 

Case l Contact lever 6 makes contact at 11 

Contact lever 21 makes contact at 26 

,~. When this is the case the circuit for m.a.gnet 51 is 

Case 2 

open. Thμs, from ~ositive of battery H through con-

~)'~i'"31 . ductor 91,~closed contact 84, conductor 92, closed 

contact 39, conductor 99, contact lever 6, contact 11, 

conductor 66 to contact 27 vn1ich is open, and hence 

magnet 51 cannot be energized. 

Contact lever 6 makes contact at 11 

Contact lever 21 makes contact at 21 

~-----:-when this is the case the circuit as traced directly 

I 

::~ T::::: :::n:::.::d t:h~:~::::t::: ::n::::ct 

through contact lever 21, conductor 100, winding of 

ll' 

lay 38, conductors·l07,e:nd 108J~? negative.of battery 

L __ H. 

magnet 51, conductors 105, 106, res~stance 60 and re-

.'··~ ... '"- ·- -

Magnet 51 is therefore energized. 

-4-
Case 3 

REF ID:A4161819 

Contact lever 6 ~akes contact at 12 

Contact lever 21 makes contact at 27 

The circuit as described for the two preceding cases 

is the same here up to contact lev:er 6, which now being 

against contact 12 the current continues along conductor 

61 to contact 26 which is now open. Hence magnet 51 relmains unenergized. 

Case 4 Contact lever 6 makes contact at 12 

Contact lever 21 makes contact a~ 26 

r-- The circuit under case 3 can now be completed, from con-

} ~act 26 through contact lever 21, conductor 100, and thence, 

._...--~-----::\ by path described under case 2, to negative of battery H. 

(,,Hence, magnet 51 is energized. 

It is thus seen that when the homologous: governing contact l_evers 

are iri similar positions no circuit is established through the pertaining 

magnet of C; only when one c_ontact lever is at . the left or ··minus sign contact, 

and the other is at the right or plus sign contact will the circuit be completed. It is immaterial which lev.er is making the plus co):1.tact, which the 

minus contact. . ' './'. Clr-f~. 

As said before, magnet 5l~four"magnets, 52, 53, 54, and 55, the 

circuits for which are similar in character to those described for magnet 51, 

b{~~ ~e...w, . - but· are all independent~n-the -contro·r ·of thei:r··respective ma:gnets. 

The armatures of magnets 51 to 55 are yoked to translator bars 41 

to ·45, respectively. When any one of the magnets 51 to 55 is energized it 

draws the bar to vfhich its armature is yoked to the right and holds it there 

until, when the circuit through the magnet is broken, a retractile spring at 

th~ left extremity of the bar bring~ the latter back into its normal positi on. 

The various· ·perinutative positions assumed by Uie translator bars 

of c, Figure 1, determine the selection of the letter to be printed by the 

typewriter. These bars,.,....e.o oaitl l:Jalilooa.,. are slotted, the slots being so arranged that, as the bars are displaced to the right under the action of 

.-5-
REF ID:_A41618. 

- ~-Q.>f~ vi ~~--1--~. 

""·" h ·-- . • -l-...L.: '. n (~ JlnAJ" . E ' , ............. VV"""""I ....... ~ 4Q.o..:...r.> ~ . <I I I\.\.. 

magnets 51 to 55,f'.-for each differentl'arrangement of the translator bars · · 

~ one and only one alignment of slots presented under the set 

of stunt bars 109, into which a ~~k·~~~~·:~~~!: 

ted to drop into 

The stunt bar selected is not permit-

-0 ~ C;(\\o' 1 E) the alignment of slots until a universal ar 1101\is released under the action of a magnet 57 of E, ~~ circuit for which 

is closed by contact 58. This contact 58 is operateq by a bar 59 which 

is displaced to the right when any of the translator bars 41, 42 1 43, 441 

-~~~ 45, er the extra bar 40~fl!!e'IP&S to the right. The circuit for magnet 57 is 

as follows: from positive of battery H through conductor 91, contact lever 

83, closed contact 84, conductor 92, closed contact 391 conductor 1161 

ca-<o 

winding of I11..agnet 57 ,· conductor 1171 closed contact 58, conductors ~, 108 

to negative of battery H. (.\0~ I%.~) ·! 

When any stunt bar 109 of C~drops into position it strikes a ~ c. ( l \~I ~ e: ).) 

crank shaf-t '.l'.14,A which closes a contact 115 :d/J E• -~ This contact 

controls the printing magnet 73, ~ ~ armature 74, which swings about 

an axis 75, aJIM 'l!! actuates the printi.ng drive pin '"(6. The circuH .. for 

:magnet 73 is as folloWs: positive of battery K, conductor 1181 winding of 

magnet 73~ conductor 119, closed contact 115, conductor 120 to negative of . ~ 

K. In practice batteries Kand _H are the same, being/\shovm as separate 

only clearness of circuit tracing. Also the batteries are simply to represent a source of' E.M.F.; either machine or battery for the equipment can 

be designed for a range of voltages. 

When a. stunt bar drops into position it draws down with it drag 

link 77. presenting the slot in member 78 bef'ore the printing drive pin 76. 

When magnet 73 is energized, member 78 is driven forward operating drive 

bar 79 by bell crank"about ~ shaft ao~tt 7:fn turn operates a 

plunger 81 which actuates the proper -key off".typewriter G •. When drive bar 

79 is practically at the bottom of its stroke it operates crank 82 thereby 

•6-

----
.:..... 

!i -:j-· 

""' -tn ... 

"' i} ,f 

,,,.. 

'° 

~ 

~ l 

e REF ID:A4161Bl@t 

moving contact lever 83 from contact 84 to contact 85. This action causes 

two things to happen: ( 1) The . tape step. for-flard magnet 47 er in tape transmitter·B is energized, the circuit being from positive of battery H through 

conductor 91, contact lever 83, contact 85, conductor 901 winding of magn~t 

. ~ . 

47, conductors 89,, 88,,f\ 87, r.si '8€ to negative of batt~ry H; (2) Vihen contact 84 is opened the entire system is restored to normal in the following 

manner: circuit for lock magnet 56 is broken at contact 84, thus releasing 

the transmitter 

·atA 

bars~and in turn opening ~ contact 39. When the latter con-

/\ 

tact open5 the circuit for universal bar magnet 57 of translator C is broken, 

~>~~~ ~e (lto'otE) ~ .... ~J,.. the return of bar llO~er action of spring 71 raising the stunt barJ 109 ~ ~ 

o:f c. Thereupon the translator bars o:f C return to normal. Crank contact 

115 is opened when the selected stunt bar !!W comes out of the slots, print 

magnet ~'"'"~ ~~ r~ .u:> ~~~°?I- I~~.. . . 73 is~peleasetl,, and print bar·79 returns to nor~l. The latter re- 1 

leases crank 82,, contact lever _83 is restored to make contact at 84, and 

the entire system is now in readiness :for another operation. 

~1) There now remains to be explained the function of :magnet 50 o:f C {; t cl . :~ .:::n::::c:::d t:~::p:i ::c: :ke ~:m:h:e:::o;:: ::c:::n:::o:.~ t 

A consi~eration of 

ar:d 55 wi~be energized. In 

<:!:?. ~ ~ ot.hor words, whenever the Bfot combination ioa • l .'I• - set up on A ist.he "--.,y same as that set. up· on B, the resultant is zero,, or 11 blank11 • It is ne·cess-

· ery that the c~yptograph make a record of each such case in order that 

messages may be correctly deciphered. The,. ~~~ method vre have devised for this. 

recording ~-&ol-lowB* · ~ • · 

As already e:x:plained.J the ·circuit :for magnet 50 . 

~~l ~~·~'° .~ ~!.. ~ d1v ~. ~ -k-t, 

is completed only when/\ the arma.tw·e ~2 of relay 38 

is at its back contact 37• e&a ee~~cb 66 clussdNi 

t () 3(Q 

;In - aiJ9bsP t:ontact,,,_closes ea.ch time any key of trans- l'- ,~, 

mitter A is depressed, under action of transmitter 

-7-
r'· 

~ - REF ID:A416189 

- ,},~ 

.. 

bar O, but contact 37 is closed only when none of' the magnets 51 to 55 is 

·- ~ . 

iJJ 

1-~ . 

ener.gi zed. That is, whenever the resultant of the interaction of transmitters .A and Bis anything· other than zero or 11blank11 , relay 38 is. actuated 

----- --- ~~) 

r:

d contact 37 is broken~ When1.the resultant is "blank", then and only then 

. ~ " . ill contact 37"~ closed and magnet 50 energized. The ci~cuit for magnet 

. . 

1 

50 is· then as follows: i'rom positive of battery H through conductor 931 wind-

\ :~ ::n~:~: ~0: :::::::;r :::.:'.'~e:e:::~:t :6:a:~::c::r ::: ~~~::el::er 

I 

\ 

magnet 50 is yoked to .the sixth translator bar_,40, which, like the other trans-

-~~ la.tor bars, is drawn to1'ra.rd the z:-ight when magne~ 50 is energized. Translator 

):/ :I . .\. bar 40 determines the selection of.: stunt:,,or which in turn causes the print-

. . ~ ·~ l ing of' a character. In the posi ti~ shovmf\occupied by the stunt bar rei'erred 

2 , according to the keyboard of a standard 

- :r: (I"> { J ~~. ·, J '

1 

typewriter, but it can, of course; be caused to print another, a dash for exd I g/ _ l 1 ample. ~------------------ ------....... 

. ~ _r- ~ .J .) \~ fhe reason for the parallol coinbination of resistance 60 and rolay \\ 

0_~ ~ ~r· i\!

1 

38 is so that a fafrly sensitive relay may be shuntod by a resistance of such \I 

~~\ ~-~ value that~the voltage drop across the combination will not be great enough \ 

11 ;j ~ · .. i.} to interfere with the satisfactory operation of magnets 51 to 55, v;hether only j 

~ -~ 1•• ~ one operates or whether they all operate. It is necessary that relay')8 be ( 

- ) ~lfo ~~ ~..... interposed betvreen battery and magnets 06 be 46, but it is optional whether 

a low resistance relay is used or· a high resiste.nce relay shunted by a low 

resistance unit• 

...___~-----~-~~--~----~------­

It has been seen that there is no direct relation betvreen the keybar 

struck on the keyboard transmitter .A and the letter that is printed on typewriter G. The relation is only an indirect one, exercised·by the tape trans-

. (j~t~ 

mitter B, and specifically by the particular.1-e"err that happens to be set up " . at B at a given moment. If the perforated tape pas~through B consists of 

" 

perforations representing an entirely random, unintelligible sequence of 

letters it obviously becomes an enciphering key which may be employed to· transform an xxintelligible communication into an unintelligible one that vrill be 

-8-
REF ID:A41618. . ..._.. 

secret to all except those possessing the key. Since the tape advances automatically ·after each printing operation, the enciphering· key changes vri th 

each letter to be enciphered, and this can be extended indefinitely by ma.king 

the .perforated tape as long as the text to be enciphered. 

It i:rill now be assumed that the keybar for letter A is struck on 

the keyboard transmitter A, and that at the same time the finger pins in tape 

~CJ.1...1-.~ 

transmitter B are set up according to the ,,code for letter N. From what has 

been said in connection with magnets 51 to 55 it will be clear that the resultant of the interaction of these tvro letters will be as follows: 

Keyboard transmitter = + "' - =A 

Tape transmitter = - + To = N 

Translator -- + t + + -- K 

Translator bars 41, 42, 43, e.nd 44 will be drawn to the right 

under the action of energized magnets 51, 52, 53, and 54, the electrical 

~~-'ch . Ml 1 eitts' for which are deemed sufficiently well understood from the foregoing description to warrant their tracing being omitted. 

. .· . .t.a. ~ \'rV.A. ~ ~ ~ 

The K stunt bar will drop into the aligned slots on the translator ,... 

bars upon the energizatio~ of the unive~aal bar magnet 57 by closing of contact 58. When the K stunt bar drops into position drag link 77 draws member 

78 down, presenting its notch before printing drive pin 76; the K stunt bar 

also causes crank contact 115 to be closed and print magnet 73 is energized, 

causing print bar 79 to be driven dawn, depressing the K plunger, 811 and 

causing the typewriter G to print the letter K. At the end of the downward 

stroke of bar 79, crank 82 opens contact 84 and closes contact 85. The re~ 

sults of the operation of the crank 82 have already been set forth, .the enand made ready for the ~ cycle. . {\ tire system being cleared 

Assuming that we have been dealing·with a case of enciphering, 

wherein A. is the plain-text letter; .:N, the key letter for enciphering A, and 

K the resultant cipher letter, the decipherment requires that the depression 

· of keyboard K on the transmitter A, combined with the set ting up of letter N 

-9-
e · REF ID:A41618-

on tape transmitter B, shall produce A, the original plain-text letter. The 

interaction may be shown schematically as follows: 

·Cipher letter K = .+ .+ + + .. Key letter N : - - ++-

Plain-text letter A = ++- -- In this case only ma.griets 51 and 52 would be energized~ the A stunt 

bar selected, and A printed on.the typewriter G. Thus, the reciprocal relationship between the plain-text and cipher letters through the intermediacy 

of the key letter N has been maintained. 

·We may now proceed to a description of the apparatus in its mechanical aspects. Figure 2 is a side elevation view of the cryptograph in its 

relationship to a typewriter keyboard. The side frame of the cryptograph is 

shovln removed, for the sake of clearness. . Q.v...~ In this figure the portion denoted 

by A is the cryptograph, B denotes the keys of the (\ . typewriter. 
I . 

r 

REF ID:A4161814 
e REF ID:A416194 
r 

_fil-_i) ~ ~~ ~ ~_J_~ :*a ~ .. 

_\l.'±4 f ~_J_\_(>-'• A.~~~ 1r' te_._ ~-

-~ ~-8b£r- "-j~_a4 F ~ I . . . . 

-----~-------

I 

>.-

~----------

-------

------
.... I e 

REF ID:A4161814 

I . 

. ·1r--~ ~ °'- ~~i~~) 

~ ~ -14 ~·ot~ ~~~ ~.J· ·~~ 

°t~pJ'tfN~ ~N>',ei>~)f\~~~ I ;i_.J,o ~ lrebn;;;l ,,\,, q;d~~,e'ft(.._ ~ """. ~ 'jfu..__ 

t~~ ~ ~ .~·~. ~t-;e.;.. 

~\ ~. Ak ~ .·~ ·~ kk ~. ~ ~~ ~ 

~.10,~'~ ~~~'ls-,·~·-~ 

~ ~ )o ~ .~4)~~~ ~ 0-Ar A.;to . 

~ ~ .h, ~ ~ o....>-A. 4U ~ ~ ~ 'lJ 

e-1)o~5'"", ~ ~ ~~ ~*"~~ 

~ ~~°'".6a~ ~~~hi~. 

~ 

1f~~~~~~+~~ 

~ I.. ~ 'l o--o. ~ .....,Y. I 1..\- o_,_,..J, I~ y t~~~ ~~~ ll..1--1~~ ~~ 

·~~ ~ ~ \L-1,), ~ ~jt..,,vik_ 

~ ~ :_,, ~. r-\1-1: ~ ~ I\. rj.&._ ~ 

~~~·~ ~ ~·~ ~~:l_l 

~ ~ ~ ~.J c&.l ~ ~ ·~ 

~ '-""- 1,-L_ ~~. ~ (,, ~ 1. ~ 

JIL~i~"".j-k ~ ~ ;i~ ~ t~I. 

~~~.·~.~ .. ~~l~~~ 

~ ~ ~ fR~·V"' ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ (_~ 

CV"'-:~._ ~;,... F~ 4,.~ ~~. 

~ ~· A,~,19,·~ ~U.~fk~t~-
... .,.,_ ..... _ 
( 

Figure 4 sho:ws the arrangements for the master contact 39 of -e9n-· 

~ 

REF ID:A4161814 

Figure l as associated With the keyboard transmitter contacts. In 

0) Fi{?lre 4 the transmitter barst\1' 2, 3, 4, ~llfll" are shown in relati'on to the 

contact levers of which only three, 11 81 and 9 are seen; contact lever 7 

makes contact at 10 when the bar 1 is in its normal position e.nd held so by 

lp 

spring ii', or at 11 when the bar is displaced to the right. Two terminals 

12 and 13 for soldered connections are shovm. The crank 14, pivoted at 15, 

operates contact lever 16, closing contact 17 whenever one or more of the 

bars ~are displaced to the right~ 

:--·-tu~··~·. 

-12-
REF ID:A41618. 

-
1. 

2. 

REF· ID:A4161. 

A cryptograph to be positioned over the keyboard ~~~- of/\· typewriter, 

the said cryptograph comprising essentially a plural-uni 1 .. -code 

keyboard transmitter 1 a plural--uni t· ··code· perforated tape trans-

. ~..:.,c; ... ~ 

mitter, a plural unit code translator, and means for traaafe1• (j 

~ ft As~ the action of the said transla~or \to the keys of the /\type-: 

wri ter. 8'9"eP which the said 01 ;yp tograph is pos1t10?reil.. .Ji.. 

ON~ .:_.JJ~~ A cryptograph to be positioned over the keyboard off\ typewriter,· 

the said cryptograph comprising essentially a plural unit code 

keyboard transmitter upon which a first set of electrical con-

- ditions corresponding to a plainf\~message character ~n the 

plural unit code is established, a plural unit code perforated_ 

tape transmitter upon which a second.set of electrical conditions. 

corresponding to an enciphering character in the plural unit code 

' 

is establi_shed, a plural unit code translator under the joint control of the said first and second sets of electrical.conditions, 

whereby an electrical condition resulting from the interaction of 

the said first and second sets of electrical conditions is translated in terms of movement of one of a set of selectable members, 

means for com.'m.ln. icating the movement of a selected member to one . ~ 

of a set of plungers operating the keys of fi... typewriter keyboard 

over which ~he cryptograph is positioned, and causing the type-

' writer to print a cipher charact,er to represent the ei~heFllll 8lj:\ii. . h . 

-. ·., .~~1...~ 0

d l · I d .message character. ye :a....-~ sai p a~n/'\ .. .,,. o....,..~~~-

3. A cryptograph to be positioned over the keyboard of ,.._.typewriter, 

the said cryptograph comprising essentially a plural unit .code 

keyboard transmitter upon which a first set of electrical conditions 

. ' 

corresponding to a cipher ~19!b mez"RgP-'character in the plural unit 

code is established, a plural unit code perforated tape transmitter 

upon which a second set of electrical conditions corresponding to 

a;:deciphering character in the plural unit code is established., a 

plural unit code translator under the joint control of the said first 

-13-
. e REF ID:A41618 • 

..... 

and second sets of electricai conditions, whereby an electrical 

condition resulting from the interaction of t~e said first and 

second sets of electrical conditions is translated in terms of 

movement of one of a set of selectable members, means for com-

!!lllnicating the movement of a selected member to one of a set of 

.+~~ .. plungers operating the keys of A typewriter keyboard over which 

the cryptograph is positioned, and causing the typewriter to 

- ~~-~ 

print a plain~ character to represent the deciphered ~ 

::;:~}~ th9 -eai:d oiplIM-~-charact.er. 

4• In a cryptograph, means for causing a first set of electrical conditions representing a message cru:i.racter to interact with a second 

set of electrical conditions representing a ciphering character, 

means for translating a third set of ele~trical conditions resulting from the interaction of the first two sets of electrical con- t 

ditions into mechanical motion of a selectable member, and means 

for transferring the motion ?f the said selectable.member to a key 

~ ~0.-~~~ of/\ ~ keyboard/'(over which the cryp~~gr~ph is positioned. 

5. In a cryptograph means for communicating the action of a translator 

. to the keyboard o~·~ which the cryptograph is positioned, the said means consisting of a set of drag link members 

connected to the stunt bars of the said translator, each drag link 

member being connected to a slotted connecting link~ each connecting link being connected to a print bar, each print bar being connected to a plunger hovering over a key of the said typewriter, a 

print magnet, a printing drive pin actuated by the said print magnet, 

all of said means being arranged and associated so that when a stunt 

bar of the translator is selected the said printing drive pin engages with the slot in the said slotted connecting link pertaining 

to the selected stunt bar and causes the pertaining print arm to 

actuate the plunger to which the print arm is attached and to operate a key of the keyboard of the said typewrit~r. 

-14-
REF ID:A4161W 

- ,, 
REF ID:A416lB9 

An obJect or this invention is to provide a oryptogra.phil'lg r:io.chine 

which When properly positioned ever the koybOard of ~ COl!IDercia.i typ~ 

w.riter a.ncl aonju.uotioned· tlith a tape tra.namlttor, well kno'11Jl in the art 

ot print inc tetearapcy ~ wUl l.1,llon a legible m.essage or coil1IlWl1®tion 

being written on the keyl>oam ot the oryptographi?J€ mncl1ine and upon a 

perforated te.po beina pqseed ttiru. the ta.pe trBilanitter. will function 

to produce on the ty"pewriter n orypto81'om Qr etpher meeai)iSEh ~e product• 

ion or the cryptogram will be eu.toma.tlc o.nd ~eqa.ire no ~ectnl skill or 

or lmowledge or the opere.tk:R, tho· operator beittcr in i~ranoe of any particu.18.l' letter uhich will oceu.r ae a re11111te.nt betweon the a.otion ot the 

keyboard tranamittor and the tape transmitter. This Qcyptogram may then 

be sent by e.ey. or tho usu!)l commercial methods; lll13.11, telagra.ph, cable, 

or radio and will be unintelligible to UJULUthor13ed porsonp or persono 

without tho proper means of deoipherz:JOnt.. T'ae autho~iaed person however 

boinz provid~d with· a ol',}i-ptograp;td.ii15. r:iach !no identical with the one uaad 

to encipher the _meeeage sitn.!}iy rewritel! the cryptoc:ra.m, lettor for lo~tar. 

on his machine _which produ.cos the legible meeellg'e on his typewriter. 

A further object of this 1nv~nt1on is the &PPlioation or the print• 

i>l.t'S tole31"e.ph tape ti'Msm!tteJ.", ueine the t1ve unit codo, and usinJ a c1rcula.r. repi;?ating, ¢ellu1oid tape, With_ <.\ha.r?>ctoro pwi.Ohet\ ~phazardl.y, to 

operate in o. oircu.it wi~h a :DandOt 8!1.\'Moothod ,keyboard tra.nBl!litter, of 

well known tom, J.n BU.Ch Q ma.nnor tha.t the tt.ot1on of the tape trEmemittcr 

em tho keyboa.rd. transmitter will tor any aivon chnra.oter add ol' su.btra.ot 

aigebr&ically and.thQ resulto,nt; or product will control~ combination ot 

slott~d :Sand.at trc.nsl~tor bal;'a, al.so or t1<'lll known form. As in prJ.ntins 

tolegraphy the position of tho translator bars ee1eote the. letter to be 

p~inted e.nd suoh ie tho case in this a.ppUca.t1on. 

A furtller object of this invention is the unique means provided by 

t'lhioh tho printinz of the aelocted letter on tho typecrritor is parfo~d. 
• 

REF ID:A4161B9 

Theee ~ans a.re the.t after e. letter ha.a been eeleetel\ at prQper time e. 

printing dm;po.li:ie 000t1rs thru. a. magnet whieh depresses a pertaining pl~~r. 

There are thirty two ot these piuJ:Jg&ra which are properlv positioned over 

the keys or a.tcy" typetll'iter, and th~ plungers thereby control the type• 

\'Triter keyboard. The means or striking the correct plunger, and of op• 

e~ati~ the typeuriter keyboa.rd, by these plUJ\1ere is ol&imed to be new 

a.nd novel• 

A further object ·of' this invention is the QOntrol Of the keyboa.rd 

ot a standard typewriter by the re$llltant action of a tape transmitter 

upon a keyboard tra.nfmlitter by m.es.ns Of e. translator. 

The m&lJ3' e.!)pl:ica.t ion, or suoh a dev1oe as an automatic cryptogra.ph• 

ing ma.chine which can be used with any or all commercial, typewriters, 

requil"il'le' only to be positioned over the keys ot the typewriter and 

removed as desi~ed, will be readU1 apparent, kJ:w commercie.1 or mil1-

ta?7 enterprise in whioh seeret t;Oll!D'.1;11llice.tlo~ 16 desired in &. quick 

pro.ctic~l ma?lller, 1:11thout 1'equirlng p:tepara.t1on of the meesege by tl'$ined 

cryptographers, entailing time and labor, can use su.ch a device to great. 

In the draw~ngs acco~ and. f'oming a pf\l't of this applioat ion 

Fig. l .ie 6 side elevation view o~the cryptograph in its relationehlp 

toe. typewriter keyboard, ·The aide frame U ehoun l:'emOved for c1ee.rnese. 

The port ion of the figure denoted A is tl}.e cryptogra.ph whereaa :a 4,enote$ 

the keys of the typewriter .. Pie• 2 18 a. front view of the cyrptosra.ph 1t 

be!~ realized the.t the typewriter is behind same tho not shown. The lo• 

. cat ion of variaμ.s features w1il ba now explained ba.t the a.otion Will be 

deeoribed hereinafter. 

starting \fitp the keyboard ot the cryptograph ahown at l in Figs. l 

and 2 it wUl be ·obeerv-e(l that tne keybare are piv:e>ttd. by ~ common shstt . . . . - . . .. ~ -

at 3 in Pig. l a.na held u,p by individual. spri~e e.t 4, The keybars oontrol, 

:in the conventional lllSli.ller. e. si:c bar Bandot l!:law..tooth keyboard transmitter. 
REF ID:A4161B:flt 

These sh: bare a.re properly supported at their exti'emit:r.es by baJ,1 and. roller 

bearings as show~ a.t $of Fig .. l; ilete.tl 2, beillg the ba.rfl themeelves. 'llle 

manner in wbic}l the bers control ·their contacts fo shown for the foremoat ba.r 

in Figl 2 detail 2. The be.r ~e yeke<.\ to. contact lever io operating same a.bout 

axis a,. tb,areby prasenti~) contact 3 to either contect 4 ~~ 6 depending on 

whether tb.e bu.r is progressed to the right or normally to the left end n~ld 

so by spring 9. Proper terminaJ..s for .\1iriI1g ~ arranged for on the insu.l.a.tinG' ': ... ,·, 

supporte G and 7 as Sho~ t\t 14 and 15 for the front e.n.d back oonta.Ota and a.t ··~;> 

13 for the .lover conta.ot by Qoilad wire l.2, it beiug 1Ulderstood that thtrl.ever 

conte.ct 1i:J lneulated. t:imln r~e e.t 11• The other five be.rs. a.re direetJ.y be• 

hind oar eh0t11.1. ~t · 211 ()onttolling ld.ent teal contacts e.ll ot whieh are mount eel. 

properly on ln~nting eu:pports 6 end_ 7. Behind tlle e1x sets of' aonta.ata 

there is one make and break cozt;taot eon.trolled by a. crank shown Fig. 2 Dat. 

27. Thia ora.nk is sci a.rrari,gorl tha:t upon any or e.ll be.rs mo Vitlg to the right 

thh contact will close. The e.rr~ement of this crank· Ei.lld contact is sb.ovm. 

in Fi5. 3. As will be aee:n later until thi,s contact is closed tbe entire 

. system is not energbed. ~e- location ~d. design Of' wha.t is commonly terll!ed 

in printing telegraph practice as a Ban.dot Keyboard transmitter has therefore 

been d.eeoribod. 

In Flg. l detail 6 is a lockill.l bar ~hioh is s.rranged to lock the keyboard trcJlSmitter bars in ·the poaitiona determined by depression of any key 

until after ali neoesaary auceeeding oporattone nave·bcan completed. This 

loek be.r 1s oontrolled:. by magnet e e.nd armature 9! The operation of tha 

tranamitter and lock may best be W1deretood 'by an ~nation of Pig. 4. An 

a.sB1JDlllent Qf letters has bee~ made ·to move the bt'l.r~ to t ha right in accord-

' 

a.nee with one version of the five unit code• A:n::r other ~ssicnment wi.ll cporate 

equa.11y well 111 

'mle ta~e transmitter has not been shown in th~se tigiiree, its f'nm and 

aet.ion being ~o ra.ird.11&.r to those eehooled f.n the print1ng tel.egr~h a.rt tha~ 

reproduction $.s deemed tlllZleceusary. SUftice it to ~f\Y, :for ·this purpose that a 

:~'.· 
REF ID :A41618:J8 

... i· -3-

These six bars a.re properly supported at their extremities by ball and roller -

bee.rings a.s shown a.t 5 of Fig'1't lietail 2, being the bars themselves. 'lhe 

manner in which the bars c·ontrol their contacts is shown for the foremost bar 

:in Fig~detail 2. The bar is yoked to contact lever 10 ~para.ting same about 

a.xis a, thereby presenting contact 3 to either contact 4 or 5 depending on 

whether the bar is progressed to the right or normally to the left and held 

so by spring 9. ·Proper terminals for wiring a.re arranged for on the insu.la.ting 

supports 6 a.nd 7 a.s shown at 14 and 15 for the front e.lld back contacts and at 

13 for the lever contact by coiled wire 12, it being understood that the, lever 

contact is insu.lated from frame a.t 11. The. other five bars are directly behind bar shown at 2, controlling identical contacts all of which are mounted 

properly on insulating supports 6 and 7. Behind the six sets of contacts 

there is one make a.nd brea.k contact controlled by a. crank shown Fig. 2 Det. 

27. This crank is so arranged that upon e;ny or a.ll bars moving to the right 

this contact will close. The arrangement of this crank and contact is shown 

in Fig. 3. As will be seen later until this contact is closed the entire 

system is not energized. The location a.nd design of what is commonly termed 

in printing telegraph practice as a Bandot Keyboard transmitter has therefore 

been described. 

In Fig. 1 detail 6 is a locking bar which is arranged to lock the keyboard transmitter bars in the positions determined by depression of any key 

until after all necessary succeeding operations have been completed• This 

lock b_ar is controlled by magnet B a.nd armature 9. The operation of the 

transmitter and lock may best be understood by an eicamination of Fig. 4. An. 

assignment of letters has been ma.de to move the be.rs to the right in accorda.nee with one version of the five unit code. A:n:y other assignment will operate 

e qua.Hy well. 

The tape transmitter has not been shown in these figures, its farmn a.nd 

a.ct ion being so familiar to those schooled in the printing telegraph a.rt that 

reproduction is deemed unnecessary. Su.ff ice it to say, for .. this purpose that a 
REF ID:A4161B8 

-4-

ta.pa transmitter has five lever contacts which operate between five marking 

a.nd five spacing contacts under the control of a perforated tape, by means 

of five finger pins which are presented under the tape. Upon the presentation 

er a hole in the ta.pe over a.ny of the finger pins the act of th.e pin rising 

th:ni the tape hole. makes that part icula.r marking impulse at t~e marking cont a.ct. 

The tape may therefore be perforated in characters of the so called five unit 

code allowing thirty two possiblities. Tape step forward and pin withdrawal 

is arranged au.tomat ice.Uy. SU.ch a. tape transmitter is usually in sma.11 conpa.ct 

form with nine termina.ls for externa.l electrical 0onnect.iona .• · In Fig. 2 detail 

16 is a. spring &lip mounted μpon a.n insu.lating block 17 for soldered electrical 

connection a.t 18. There are directly in line behind this spring clip eight 

other identical clips properly spaced along the insulating block 17, a.nd provided with clu.st cover 19• This combination is designed for the terminals of 

' 

the tape transmitter described above and it will be seen that a tape transmi~ter may be inserted at will. The ~ascription hereinafter will tell of how 

the, wiring to the tape transmitter is arranged to make it a pa.rt of this 

cryptograph. 

The two transmitters described above control between themselves the six 

magnets shown in Fig. 2 as 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 and in side elevation as 

30 in Fig. 1. The armature of ea.ch of these magnets control one of the tranlator bars shown Fig. 1, details 11. This control means movement of the bars 

from normal or to the left position, as one faces· the bars, to the right. 

Therefore, current through any one .of the magnets means that the magnet will 

move its translator bar to the right by the bell crank and coμpling 28 and 27, 

Fig. l, whic:b. arrangement is shown for only 1;he first bar but it must be reme:mbered that the same coupling exists for all magnets and bars. The act of 

placing·certain of the six translator bars at a given time in various positions 

detennines the selection of the letter to be printed •. .An inspection of Fig. 6, 

will show how this 93lection is obtained by means of slots so arranged that if 

bars, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are moved to the right in accordance vii th the five unit code 
REF ID:A4161 • 

.:..5_ 

thirty-two possible combinations will result with respect to the stmit bars 

22. A stmit bar is also shown in Figo 1, and it will be seen that for any 

movement of the five bars a slot allignment will result which upon release 

of the universal bar Figo 6 detail 21, and Fig. 1 detail 24,-will pennit one 

and only one stuc.t bar to drop in the slots. So much for movement of the 

bars, but up:m no movement whiah mey occUl' due to certain resultants, the 0 

bar is provided. Its action will be to move when none of the rest do and 

to thereby select the dash character. This will be described more fUlly 

later. Such an arrangement of slotted bars wi 11 therefore be seen to be 

the inve.rse of the keyboard transmitter described above and the ·arrangenent 

of slotted bars or disks for such a p~ose is known as a. translator. 

For the purpose of this cryptograph the translator is made to perform 

certain unique, new, and novel functions to be described. The movement of 

any slotted bar to the right close& a c-rank contact shom Fig. 1 detail 31, 

and Fig. 6 detail 7. The arrangement of this crank contact is ss shewn for 

the transmitter crank in Fig. 3. The pul".Pose of this contact is to operate 

a magnet which releases the tm.iversal bar under the stunt bars and allows 

one stunt bar to fall acoording to the slots in translatoro The universal 

bar is shown in Fig. 1, detail 24. It warks about axis 25 :tmder control of 

anna. ture. 26, by magnet. 32. 

. . When any one stunt bar drops;. it in turn throws another_ crank shown in · 

Fig. 1, detail 34, in Figo 2, detail 29, and Fig. 6-, detail 6. Th-e manner in 

\m ich this crank contact acts is shown in Fig. 5., This crank contact closes 

a circuit which energizes the ~Grting magnet. Fig. -1, detail 35. The action· 

~rmr · · of the punting magnet will be described later. 

Each stunt bar is provided with a drag link Fig. l, detail 16• This 

drag link is in turn coupled to a member 18 at pivot pin 17. Manber 18 is 

provided · d ed .edr>l:"t bar 19., at ·with a s ]D t as shovm and is pi vote and ooupl to }:lt'f"l 

. · prinr 

pin 36, with a bell crank action about a shaft 20, which is commom to all :i.:;=t 

bars 0 Vfu.en a stunt bar 12 drops, under action of .spring 14, into the slots 

of the translator bar 11, the stunt bars draw down with it the.drag li~ 16, 

which draws dcwn. member 18, a.bout pin 36,· a.s a center. This position then 
. 

i 

REF ID :A4161Bl(I 

-6-

pres en ts the slot on the under side of menber 18, ·before the printing drive pin 

36. It will be observed that this ~~hng drive pin. runs across the machine imder all the slotted menbers as s..11.own in Fig. 2, detail 31, and has bearings at 

M and 32, and pivoted on common centers 33 and 35. In Fig. 2. magnet 30 by its 

~tion on armture 36, therefore, will be seen to operate drive pin upon being 

energized. In Fig. 1, another view is shown of this action, 35 being the magnet, 

33 the annature, 34 the pivot, and 36 the drive pin. erin/- We now have a punt member 

18 in position with its slot before the drive pin 36, and it will be seen that 

.erinr 

upon energization of the F=St magnet 35, v.h ich is caused by crank contaot 34• 

menber 18 will be driven forward and punt bar 19 will drive dowa on plmiger 36. 

JOl'"lnl- Plunger 36 and all other ~ing plungers have _common bearing at 38, and are 

held up ~n normal position by springs such as 22 imder pin 39. The plunger is 

thereby driven do vm. and the feet 23, operate the pertaining typewriter key. 

~t- . Vl.b.en t bar.19 moves dom at almost the end of its downward movement it 

operates a crank 37. This crank is CO!Il!IlOn to ~rin/- all tm ting bars and operates a 

make and break contact arrangement as will be described in the wiring diagram. 

The method of throw is the same as described before for various other crank 

controlled contacts. H?wever, the operation of this cra.ll..~ closes a circuit 

which steps forward the tape of the tape tr.s:nsmitter previously described, and 

restores the entire circuit to normal preliminary to carrying through another 

action from the keyboard. 

It is believed at this point that the various actions and individual units 

have been sufficimtly described to justify describing a t"',ypical operation from 

· prihr pressing a key of' the cryptogra].'.il to the final punting of a letter on the typewriter. Reference is therefore made to Fig. 7, to outline an electrical 

principal of this e:ryptograph. A, represents the contacts of the keyboard transmitter, and B, the contacts of the tape trans.initter. It will be seen that if 

contact 5, moves over to stop 1, and contact 7 moves to stop 3• magnet 12 will 

not 'be energized, the circuit being open at 8 and 2. Again if contact 6 remains 

at st.op 2, and contact 8 remains at stop 4, magiet 12 will not be energized , the 

circuit being open _ at 1 and 3. But if contact 5 moves to stop 1, and contact k 

remains at stop 4, magnet 12 will be energized for the circuit is complete from 
e REF ID:A41618:J9 

-7-

battery 17, wire 14, contact 8, stop 4, wire 9, stop 1, contact 5, wire 11, magnet winding 12, and by wire 13 retur.a to battery. Magnet 12, therefore, draws 

up its armature 15, which is yoked to the translator bar 16. Likewise, if contact 7 moves to stop 3, and contact G remains at stop 2, the same action will ocaur 

du.a t·o magnet 12 being energized. This is cited as a typical example of the relationshi.P existing between five sets of contacts of the keyboard transmitter 

with the five sets of contacts of the tape transmitter. As both tai:e transmitter and keyb<:>ard transmitter function in acco .Idance vvi th the five unit code, a 

resultant action between the two will 

Keyboard Transmitter 

Tape Transmitter 

occur for a:n.y combination 

Magnets 

l 2 3 4 

" ~ 0 0 

5 

0 

0 0 ... "' 0 

I: A 

: N 

Prints on T;ypewriter ~ ~ ~ .i. 0 : K 

of letters. 

)?rir>r Now through the action of the two transmitters the typewriter would punt the 

letter K 9 whereas N wrnld have been presented in the tape and A have been struck 

on the keyboard transmittero The person receiving such a letter, telegram or 

communication would strilce this letter K on his keyboard transmitter of his 

cryptogra,ph. He would f'llrther use an identical tape which he would start in the 

same place as the enciphering operator. Such a·program would be arranged beforehand. He therefore strikes K on his keyboard and his tape transmitter :presents N vmereas 

Magnets 

l 2 3 4- 5 

Keyboard Transmitter ... 4- ~ ... 0 = K 

Tape Transmitter 0 0 + + 0 - ll1 - .... ... 0 0 0 - A - and the letter A is that letter which was originaJ.ly transmitted. This then is 

the principal upon which this cryptograph enciphers and deciphers, but from the 

print-- pressing of a key to the punting of a character there are functional ~evioes 

necessary for such results. 

In Fig0 9, A is the keyboard transmitter and B is the tape transmitter._ The 

can tac ts are wired for resultant action to the magnets a on trolling the translator 

bars of the translator which is shovm. at c. For clearness of wiring, the keyboard transmitter D, translator E, a.nd printer F, have also been duplicated in a 

schematic side elevation view-, a.nt:L G refrc:>senr.5 a.. Jypewrif-e:ir. 

---
REF ID:A416.4 

-sAssuming a tape to be in the tape transmitter as before, and perforations 

denoting the letter N presented to the pins. Than lever 8 will be over to 

contact 16, and lever 9 to contact 18. Assume again that the operator depresses 

key A of the keyboard transmitter, the saw tooth bars will move in accordance 

with the five unit code , 

0 Bars 

2. 3 4 5 

+ + .. 0 0 OcA 

the plus signs representing_ movement to the right. It will therefore be seen 

that bar o, l and 2, move while 3, 4, and 5, remain at rest. Now bar O does 

not enter into the five unit code, it is known for the purposes of this dasoription as a universal ba.r which moves to tbs right upon pressing a.ny key of the 

keyboard. As will be described more thoroughly later, if say A is pressed on 

the keyboard a.nd sa.y A at the same time operates in tbs tape transmitter the· 

resultant would be zero. This would give the deciphering operator no indication of what had occured at this point. The universal bar circuit is so 

arrant§ed that when zero is the resultant, a. dash will print which will indi- . . 

oate to the deciphering operator that he should strike the dash key. 

To resuJIB, key A, having been depressed, it will be observed that the 

movement of any or all bars to the right causes crank contaot, Fig~ 9, detail 

21, to close. The crank contact was shown by Fig. 3. Now contact 21 is the 

master contact which energizes the system and until a. key of the keyboard i.s 

operated there is no drain upon the ba.tt'ery 38. 

·The condition at this point is that bars O, l; 2 are to the right, contaot 21 is closed, which throws_ looking rmgnet 52 thereby locld.ng key-bars 

with lock 53, as per Fig. 8, the circuit being from the battery 38 wire 67, 

ivv->~;__,, '1 ~oJF <;'-v-> w1Av · 

61, 59, 58(;· ~hrough contacts 21, wire 60, contacts 56, 55, and return to -~ . . . . 

battery by wire 66. · Also battery is presented to the keyboard transmitter 

contacts and tape transmitter contac.ts! In this connection there will be 

r /-hu5- for . ·. 

current through the oombination't'bar:_;,.:1, battery 38,· wire 65, ·contact 55, 

contact 56, wire 60, through contacts 21, wi~ 68, lever 23, contact 29, 

to ~ontact ll, through lever 6, wire 69, to magnet 43, wire 77, 76, resistance 40 and relay 39, wire 84, 82, and return to battery·- bar 2, battery . .} 

38, wire 66, contact 55, oonta.ot 56, wire·60, through oontaots 21, wire 68, 
-e REF ID :A4161B_lit ..... 

-ealever 24, contact 31, to contact 13, through lever 7, Wire 70. to magnet 44, 

wire 78, 76, resistance 40 and relay 39, w_ire 84, 82, and return to ba.ttery;-

bar 3, battery 38, Wire 66, contact 55, contact 56, wire 60, through contacts 

21, wire 68, lever 25, contact ·32, to contact 16, through lever 8, wire 71, 

to magnet 45, wire 79, · 76, resistance 40, and relay 39, wire 84, 82 and return 

to battery;- bar 4, battery 38, wire 66, contact 55, oontaot 56, wire 60, 

contacts 21, wire 68, lever 26, contact 34 to contact 18, lever 9, wire 72 

' 

to magnet 46, wire 80, 76, resistance 40 and 

' . 
REF ID:A4161B9 

-9-. 

relt\Y 39, wire 84:, 82 and return to battery;- ba..r 5 no circuit ina.smu.ch a.s both 

levers 27 and 10 remain at rest under the assamption of A in the Keyboard transmitter a.nd N in the tape transmitter, the tape t:ra.nsmitter being 

6 

0 

7 

0 

levers 

8 9 

+ t10 

0 • · N 

plus a.gain denoting levers to the right. 

Now the above detailed description means, in the brief'~ that magnets 43, 

44, 45 a.nd 46 a.re energized and have drawn their tra.nsla.tor bars 1, 2, 3, a.nd 

4 to the right by means or the a.rmature be 1ng yoked to these bars a.s previously . . 

described. /O:l. • 

Now this condition effects a. selection among the stunt be.rs '85-• The 

proper stunt bar ~ being in this case stunt bar or letter K.Viian the transla.tor ba.rs moved to the right,cra.nk: contact 49 was closed which released the 

uni versa.l bar holding the stunt bars up• The manner in which the universal bar 

was released was by energization or magnet 85 thus ~ battery 38, wire 82, 83, 

contacts 49 wire 87 magnet 85 wire 63, contacts 21, wire 60, contact 56, conta.ct 55, wire 66 and return to battery. 

As . stated before the K stunt bar drops in the translator be.rs ~Wtis. The 

stunt bar draws down with it drag link 88 presenting the'=~~ 89 a.nd its slot 

before the printing drive pin 91. The stunt bar a.t the same time throws crari.k 93 

95' 

which closes crank contacts 94 and a circuit is set up·from battery 05, wire 96 

contacts 94, wire 97, printing magnet 86 and wire 98 return to battery. In practice this battery 95 a.nd battery 38 are of course identical being shown iiidividua.l · 

only for clearness of circuit tracing. Also the batteries are simply to represent a. source or E.M.F. either machine or battery for the equipment can be designed 

for a range of voltages. 

. mem.bet' 0 . · · 

Now upon magnet 86 being energized, nwnl>er 89 is driven fol"\vard operating 

drive bar 90 by bell crank a.bout sha.tt 100. Drive bar 90 in turn oi:e:ra.tes the 

proper plunger 101 which actuates the. K key or the typewriter shown at G in Fig. 

9. When drive bar 90 is practically a.t the bottom of its stroke it operates crank 

92 a.i:id thereby cra.nk lever contact 55, moving lever 55 from contact 56 to contact 
REF ID:A4161B8 

-10-

57. Thii:i action ~a;u.ses two things to happen - the tape step forward magnet.- S'f 

/"113 

is operated, battery 38, wire 67, 61, J:ei, 62; contact 57, lever 55 am wire;, 

66 return to battery;• and the opening of contact 56 restores the system to 

normal by opening the battery supply on the wire 66 side, lock; magnet 52 releases 

permitting transmitter be.rs O, 1, and 2 to return to nOd"IDB.l, and opening crank 

· . rtl>.$f-ores the k contac~ 21, universal ba.r magnet 85 releases and universal bar reset:Pea stunt bar 

whereupon translator bars l, 2, 3 and 4 retUrn. to normal, crank contact controlling print magnet 86 releases and print bar 90 returns to normal. Crank 92 is 

r~stor~~ and contact lever 55 is restored to contact 56 placing the system in 

readiness for a. succeeding operationf 

I< 

It is necessary now to explain the a.ct ion of the 0 bars· of the Keyboard 

· ;zero · transmitter and translator. As before stated when Z09Z' is the resultant of the 

k 

act ion of the Keyboard transmitter on the tape transmitter none .of the transla.tor 

46 k 

magnets 43, 44, 45/and 47 will .be operated. At the Keyboard transmitter A however the 0 bar moves to the right upon pressing any key. This closes contacts 

22 and if none of t.he translator magnets are energized there will be no current 

thru. relay 39, relay 39 contacts 41 will then remain closed. Under these.circumstances a. circm:!ilt is clos.ed from battery 38 wire 67, 64, contacts 41, wire 

65J contacts 22Jwire 74, magnet 42,and wire 75 return to battery. The energization 

of magnet 42 moves translator bar 0 to the right and a. dash is selected and 

· or printed on tlie typewriter which indicates to the deciphering operat left that he 

also shall strike a dash at this point upon decipherment. The necessity of 

the zero bars is accordingly made apparent. The reason for the parallel combination of resistance• 40 and relf\Y' 39 is so that a. fairly sensitive r:-ele.y may be 

used shunted by a resistance of au.ch value that the voltage drop a.cross the combina.tion will not be great enough to ~ffect the satisfacto.;y operation of magnets 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 whether only one operates or whether ell opera.ta •. 

It is necessary that relay 39 be interposed between battery a.nd magnets ~3, 44, 

45, 46, a.nd ·47 bu.t as to· whether a. low resistance rela.y is used or a. high resis-

/ow uniftance relay shunted by afresista.nce~is optional. 
REF ID:A4161. 

-11-

Tiie purpose of the lock 53 is that a.tter the opera.tor strikes a. key a.11 

su.cceed:ing operations be perfonned before the keyboard is released. Now while 

these succeeding operations will be practically instantaneous still·the necessity will be apparent for those instances when the operator strikes another key 

too q_u.ickly or inadvertently. 

The operation of enciphering a message ha.s therefore been described. The 

processes of decipherment a.re the inverse a.nd it is not thought necessary to 

go into great detail• In the assumption above the coillIIIl.Ulicant· receives the 

letter Kin the col'.l'.lllill.llica.tion. As the sending operator and the receiving operator have identical tapes, the deciphering operator strikes Kon his keyboard, 

the tape se-t;;up N and the resultant is A which prints upon the typewriter and 

is the letter desired to be commu.nica.ted before the enciphering process. 

Having ma.de the operation and application of this cryptogra.ph clear we 

claim: 

l. A mechanism which a.utoma.tica.lly enciphers a. communication on the 

printed page of the typewriter. 

2. A mechanism using the five unit code and a. circular perforated 

tape to encipher a communication on the printed page of the typewriter~ 

3. A unique, new, and novel mechanical' and electrical device for combining the resu.ltants of a keyboard transmitter and a tape transmitter to 

actuate the keyboard of a typewriter,t 

4. A "lUlique, new and novel method of actuating mechanically a.nd 

electrically the keyboard of a type\'lriter after selection. 

5. The design of a. device which may be placed, in front of, and over 

the keyboard of the usu.al commercial typewriter and will upon opera.t ion of the 

device resu.lt in performing a cryptogram on the keys of the typewriter a.nd hence 

compelling the typewriter to print a cryptogram which is automatic and in which 

the cipher is non-recurrent and therefore does not allow itself to decipherment. 

Witnessed: Signed: 

Witnessed: Signed: 

Signed: 
e REF ID:A4161Bi6 

-

~ape t~anllllllitter has t1ve lever contaots which operate between ~S.ve marking 

a'l'ld tlYe ape.oill(! conta.ets 'Q.11.de,_. the control of & peri'orate4 te.!,)e, by ~an8 

ot five t~r pine which are prcsentod und~r the tape. Upon the presentation 

Ot a hole in the tapG over ~ Of the fmger pino the· act of' the pin iobing 

tl\n the tap~ hole m1Jikes the.t pw;tteular marldnc impulse at 'tho marking contact.· 

The ta.pe ma7 tllereforo be perfora.ted in oha.ro.cters of the so oo.lled tive unit 

code o.llow1Q3' tbirt;Y two poaoiblitiea. Te.pe etep fQrwal'd and pin withd%'awal 

is ar~-,d · OIJ.tomat 1ca.Uy. · SUch a tepe tranmnltter 1s usually in small con.pa.ct 

f'orm \11th nine terrnine.J.e tor oxternal. electrS.c&l ar>nneottono.. In Fig. 2 detail 

lb le a sprina e11p mounted u,pon o.n insulating block 17 ror soldered eleotrica1 

cotmection at 18. ~oro nre diroct).y in l:tno bohind this spdngi clip eif;ht 

other identical clipo properly spaced nlo:ng the inSUl.a~lria block 17, and. pro~ 

v1dod with du.et oo'fer 19. This combirlatlon is ded~gned for the torm1nale of' 

the tt..tpa tr8llsc1tter descJ:"ibed above and it \7111 be soon thst a. tap$ tro.ns• 

mitter llU\Y be ineerte<l at oill• CJ.'he deooript1on hcJ,'oine.f'ter will tell of' ~ow 

the wiring to the tape tt-a.nmnittor is arranaed to tnnko it a. p~ of th1e 

'i'he two transm1tters tlt.1sQ.r1bedt a.bovo oontrol betw·een themselves the lib: 

masnete shown ln Fi/3:. 2 as 20, 21, 22, 23• :?At and 25 and S.n. e!de elevation as 

30 in Fie;. l. i1he e.rnmturo of each ot these inogttoto control. one ot thetronlator bare ooovm i'13. 1, details 11. !l!h.is oontJ.'<?l moans movement of the bBrs 

from normal or to the lef't position, a.a one faces the bars, to the right. 

~eretore, current through e:n::f one of the lllflSllets means that the ma.snet will . 0 . 

. move its translator bar to the right by the bell cre.nk o.nd ooupl1Jl8 28 and 27, 

Fig. 1, will~ arranganant is shown tor only 1be first bar but it must be rS!D.embered that 1he same coupli!Js exists tor all magnets and bars. ~e sot of 

placi:ag certain of the six .translator mrs at a given time m 'various positions 

detennines the selection of the ·letter to be printed• An· 1nspmt1on ot FiS• s, 

will show how this eeleotion is obtained by neane cf slots so a.r~ed that if 

bars, l, 2, 3, 4, 6, ·are moved to the right in accordance w1 th 1ho ftve unit cod~ 
REF ID:A416'18-

-5-

thirty-no possible combinations will result t7i th respect to the stunt bars 

22. A stunt bar is also ehom 1n 11'1g. i. and it will be seen that for 81f3 

. mo'V8mellt of' the :tlTe bars a slot alllgmnent VI.ill reso:lt wbich upon rolease 

ot the miversal bar Fig. 6 detail 21, and h'ig. 1 detail 24. wiU pemit one 

·and onl11 one atwt bar to drop 1n tbs slots •. So much il>r movenrmt of the · 

bars, but UIX>n na mavenent vfuicb. ma\Y occur due to certain resultants, the O 

bar is provided. Its action mll be to move when :none ot tile rest do md 

to eiereby select the dash ooam.otcr. rue will be desc:ribml more :tally 

later.· Such an arra;ngocimt o.t slotted bars will therefore bo soen to bo 

the inven:e of tlW ltel'board transmitter described above a.td. the ananganent 

ot slotted ban or disks tor such a purpose is knol!IZl as a trsnslatol'. 

Per the pUl'pose of this cr.;rotogra1lh the translator is made to pertom 

certain unique, new, am novel tanctions to be described •. The movanent ot 

8fJ.1 slotted bu to .the right close~ a c.raDk contact sh.om Fig. l detail 31,, 

and ~ig. 6 deta.11 7. ~o a:nanganent of this C1'aDlt oontllCt is as eharm for 

the transmitter crank in Fig. 3. b iJUrpose of this cm.tact ls to operate 

a magnet 'l'ibich releases the mivorsal bar mder tm stunt bars end allowa 

OD& mmt bar to· f~ ·teoordiq; to the slots 1n tranalator. The tmiVersal 

bu la shom in Fig• l, detail 24. It wcrke about a.xis 25 und~ control of 

armature 26, b7 mGDet 212. 

'iiben aey one stunt bar drops, 1 t ~ turn throws an~ther crank Bhova 1n 

Fig. 1, _detail 349 in Fig. 2, dete.11 29 9 am Fig. 6, detail 6. Tho cianner 1!L 

'lb.1oh this orank contact ao ts 1s sh.om in Pig. s. This crank oontaet closes 

prinr 

a circuit which mergize.s the panting mS01et i1,5. 19 detail 35. ~e action 

ot the ~t-ting ma~et Will bo described later. 

Eaah stmit bsr ·1s p:rovided with a ·Qrag link Fit:• 1 0 detail 16• ~8 

drag link 1s 1n turn coupled to o.-mmb81" 18 e.t pivot pin 1'1. tla!lber 16 1• 

provided with a slot as &iorm. end ls pivo"ted end coupled. to~ bar 19• at 

pin 36 • w11h a bell· el'ml.k action about a Shaft 20 • VJhich is oomom to all ~t 

bars. \'iben a stunt bai" 12 d?ops, tmder aetlon of spring 14, into the slots 

of the h'anslator bar ll, t.he stunt bars draw down with it the drag link is. 

which dras dcma maaber 1a. abou\ pin :s&. as a ester. ~s :position then 
·e REF ID:A416188 

preaonts the 8lot on the under side ot number is. bofore tho prbting dr1Ve pm . . t- . 

a&. lt will lB observed that thls f~Ung drive pin :nns ooroo& the l!BGhine ad.er all tbe slotted m9:1bera as 8aom in .Fig. 2. detail 31• and hes beari1'SS at 

54. an4 32• and pivoted on comon centera 33 .and 3>. J.n ~lg. 2, magnet 30 b7 its 

11Cti011 on an.rduro 36• therefore. will be sec to operate dr1.TO p1n ~ betng 

energi~ad. In Fig. l, another view 1s sham ot this a.cu.an. 35 be1zig the magnet. 

33 the alDatlll'e. 34. the pivot. and 36 tbe 4.riTS pin. We now ilaYe a ~t member 

18 ill position with tts slot betoro the driY& 'pin oo. and lt will be seen that 

. P.!!!'r 

upon anerg1u.tJ.on ot tDe p;rnt magnet 35. m Joh is ca11sed b7 crank can.tact M• 

aembe:r l8 •111 be ax-tven · 1b :rward and pm t; bar 19 wU1 drin dom on plmger 36. 

Plunger 36 and all. oilLer G£r(1nt; plungen have coD:m. bear1JJ.g at 38• ad. ·aJ'Et 

. held up fJZ1 normal posU !on b:.r springB audb. •• 22 mde~ pin 39. !i.'he plunger la 

thenbJ' driven cbz and the feet ~. operate the pertai~ typewriter lm)r. 

ilien pmt bar 19 moTes dowi at almost the eid ot its dovmnrd m<Weneot U . . 

. ~,_ operatea a C1"8nk 37. 'l"".nis crank is col:mOZl to all ting bars and operates a 

make md break contact ll.l"ronSQ:lent !IS will be described in tm wir:t.ng diagl'al. 

i'h• method ot thro-.; 1s the sze as .desaribed before ft>io various other cranlt 

- controlled ocmtaots. However, the operation of this Cra:n1t clo$ell a oirollit 0 . 

which steps torward the tape· of the tape trsnsmitte:r proviou~ described• and 

restores "11e entire circuit to normal preliminary to carrying throujJL szs.otier 

action b"olll the keyboard. 

It is believed &t this l»int that the ~ous action& mia. individual untta 

ban been sutticimtlS' described to Justitr d6SCrlb1DS & typical operation 1'rOm 

pressing o. key of the cry,ptogra}.il to. the final ~hug of a lEttter on the tn>a- , 

writer. Reference is therei'bre made to Fig. 7. to ouUine an. electrical 

principal of thia cQptogra.1Jb.. A9 np:esenta the contacts of tho keibooid trans-

.mi tter, and I, the contacts of tile tape trausn1tter. It will be sem. that if' 

cmtact 5• mO'feu over to gtop l, and c ()nte.ct "1 mOTes to stop 3• mgnet 12 Will 

not be encrglzed, the clrcuit being open at e am. 2. 4fi.1n it canto.ct & !'Elmdu 

at atop 2 1 aa.d ccmtaot 8 remains a.t stop 4• magiet 12 will not be energised • the 

. . otrcu1t being ops.:. . a~ l and 3. But if aoutact 5 moves to stop i. and contact 8 

r8DB1ns et stop 4. l:lagD9t l2 will be enersized for the circuit is. complete tzom 
REF ID:A4161B:fl 

battery 17. wire 1411 oo:ntact s,, stop 4• wire 9• stop 1.· contact 5• wire 11• ~ 

ne' wmdtng 12• ind b~ wire 13 return to battery. Magnoi 12. theretore. dran 

Q its amat'Ql'8 15, llhich ia 10}ted to the tnmslatoi- bar 16. Like'll1se. it contact 7 motea to s1:op z. md contact & 1'81W.ns at stop 2. me sane 93Uan 11111 ooatU" . . 

dm to ~et 12 boi:Qg energbede nte is oited as a tJploal emnple t;>f the relattQnahlp exi&Ull8 betnom flyo 1eta ot contacts of the keJ'boat-d tl'811am.Uter 

with the tlve aete ot contacts of the tape tranS!!litter •. AB both tap tranamitter and keJboard t~anitter tanot1on in s.oooidanae mth the five mit cods• a 

resultat action botweC!ln tbo two will oocur for ~ co?!&binaUon of letters. 

Mef;tQtl_ 

on the J.uvboai"d trarusmi ttc:r. Zile persan rocoiviug lllloh a letter. teleg;nn or 

c~ation woald st:rtka thAs letter K on his keyboard trarurai tter of hia 

oryptograpi. He 1a0uld f\u.-ther use au Identical tape mich he wo'llild start 1n the 

same place aa the encl!ilering oporotor. SU!lb. a Pl'OSl"Bll '10uld be ananged beforehand. He therefore strikes K on his keyboard and his tape tr:msml Uer pre-. 

aenta ll menas ii~Si}'§ l 2 3 4 5 

lteybotll"<l Trmls-:li ttcr • .. ... ~ 0 ::. K 

~pe ~'mnmi tter 0 () ... .. 0 ... 

- • 

" " 0 0 0 - £, 

- and the letter A 1& tlmt lo.ttm- micb. was or1g1nallN tran.am1Ued. ~is tbfm ta 

the principal. ui;nn which t!l!z oryptogl'a!lb ehelpb.e:rs and deciphers. but trom the 

· . print" · vreesing or a lte-J to the punUna of a ohar&Cter there ·a.re tanotlonal dn!ees 

necessaJ7 !or auah results. 

Jn ~ig. 9, A. is the ~Oard trmunitter and ll is the tape transmitter. !ho 

o mtacta are wired for :rceult!lllt e.ation to the m;sgilets controlling the iransla.tor 

ban ot the translator t'fuicm in s:..:.own at c. .Por oleamess of WirinS• the ke1'-

. board tran.miUer » •. translator E. and printer F., have also been du.plicated in a 

SChematlc a1de elevation view, o.ht:l G rc'fre:>~en/-6 a. typewriter. 
REF ID:A4161Bflt 

-aAalUlllng a l~ to lie :1D. Ula ~ ~-'"" •• 'Mfo•, •4 Jjtdonllo.u 

.. .,,ba U. 1-\._, • preaeat14 'o '111- plna. Db l.nel' 8 wtU 1-e o~ •• 

ooataot 149 and lawr 9 '° ... taoi 18. Aasum apsa tat 'hi o)jl9raff• :._pn••• 

llt7.l ot ti3e »1"-4 uaumtter. the -. tOO\h ban wl_U •ve 1a aecor'dMM 

wt tlL tha ti• um' codl. 

0 ... 

0 J. a I " 6 

of + + O 0 Os.A 

ti. :p1q8 •ilU tte»M•11tlng ---·· "• .. ~teb'-·· 1, ws.u ...., ....... 

U...• H.r o. l aa4 a, ..,.. Wh11.e a9 •· and. '~ l'6M1n a# ••'· )low -. o •• 

.,, .. ,.., Sato b9 tiw uil ••• '' 1• ltDnl1 tor tbl .tJU"pO•• •~ "1• •MrlPtua aa a uiwnal aar 'ldal• ~· •• t• ;r1&1l' .-Pft••baa aq •1 et ta 

JltJ'IO&Pd. Aa Wlll lta ••v1'MI _.. •Ml''9&tJ7 J.a•-r, i.t la:I' A l1 ;pftaHf. • 

\M lfll7'boartl uul •Y A. •i the .._ ttne •~•te• 1a tht U,. •~am.at••• •• 

fttl1ll••' ••llltl '" ...... al• ..Utl Bl•• -- ... lJM•lns .,. ....... lMl• .. •l• Ot .. ,ha4 HOU.4 ••. •M• peta •• !lie vatwnal - •bftl• 1• .. ~4 that wi.a an 1• •• naul\lat• • Wh wlU l'riJ&\ w>iJ.oll W1U sna.- · 

•at• k ~he 4"1smrinc oPtn•ol" thl* m •mlllli aueura ihl- ca.a Jl!tJ'• 

!e n-.. :Dy A, hnlnC ... 41:preisae4, l '& Wll.l lt& ONenacl tba~ ih9 

mctTeDlm\ oit -.y or aU ·'ban to til$ ri&hi .._.. •ad oont8",. :r1g. t. 61\alJ. 

21. to elo•• n.. ol'imlt conu.ci wu •1'0W2' 1>7 Jtg .. a. Jio• oontu-t 21 t.• , • 

.. uP .-.taai whieh ••r&ts•s ~. •aatem an.cl until a b7 ot \be •J'bo&rcl 1• 

op1~a•c1. •b9re 1• no uatn 'QPOa ti. 1-'ter~ as. 

ti. OOD41'1.0J1 at th1• po~t 1• '\ha\ ban o,. i. a ai. to 'h• ~Sht. ooatan .a1 t.• •lo•ct. 1'1l1oh twon leakl.ag __., 52 t»nlty J.Nld.ag .,..;.-... 

ws.ih look sa. aa per rts. 1, U. •11'9111$ 'MbB hw the at~ H W1" ''• 

61• 19 t 151; Ul'ouah 001l'8&'• 21- WU. 10. ooa•u N, ti&, eat.· ftt1Wa t• 

1'&\,eq 1'7 wi.a "• .AJ.ao .,,917 la pe•n'84 ,. '1w .. ,_.,... '1 1 Dl•tw 

ooaue•• an4 '• ~,,_. ooataou. l• thl• ooueoue 'lllft wt.11 • r//)u5 -f C! r 

• ..,..., WOU8h . ._ ••••naua ltw J.• •u\117 81• Wlft Mt •GD:._' II, 

••h8• N. •ta '°• ~ ••iM*• .a1. wt• ''• le•u 21, ..... , at • 

•• .... , u, '~ ...... '· •119 ••• , • ._, 4.li • ..,. ''· ''· ... 

•l•'ute 40 a.ad. nl&J a. wla "• 12, and. return to battery; ... kit 2. ••wfl 

38• 1'1• "• •••• 51-, ... ._, M, ws.n •o. Uttou8h MDtMh ai11 wu. ''• 
9 REF ID:A4161819 

--- an.it 2'• •antN' 11, to aoat.ot 11. thtOugh 19"1" f • drt '10 to ..._, "' 

•11'& 1Pl1 ''• H12.1ttlf1oe 40 '°d l'ela1 U t w1fe h, 82. 8'10. J'it•~ to Mtl-•l'lj• 

'bU s, 1*tt•t11 .aa, w:t.:te u, e••• 16, ooa•• e•. ·wtft •o. •~h ••'*°'• 

21.; Wln aa, i.wr as. ocmtatt 02, •o eon•aoi i•. thff\lf:lb Jaw• a, 1'l8 71, 

to._., 45, ws.a 799 "16, i.'11•1•'•• 40, •a. relq at, cw 84:~ ea .,_,.'11ft. 

iio ••wn;• · ~- 4. b&•tt•7 aa, ~re 66, oonu.n 55, oomao\ u, wtn eo. 

aoatao•• :u, wln ae, 1-w~ 21. OOAtad 84 to oonUASt le, le'-• 9 • w1ft 71 

to ._., "•wt• so. ?t:, ~alsta:aO. 40 aao. 

. ·- ~-. ,,. .•r!' 
REF ID:A4161BJ9 

relf\V ~&. wire 84, 82 and re~ to battery;• bar 5 no oirouit i&Ulema10h $0 both 

lovers 27 and lO re:i:iaiu a.t l'Ost under the asswnl)t:lon of' a ~n the Kefboard tl'8.rls"" 

mitter and U in thrJ .ta:pe tra.D.8lllit11er, the tape trani:nnttter be~ 

lover111 . 6 7 . 8 9 10 

o o -t ir O• l1 I 

\ 

pluo &$&in denoting> levero to the rif!ht. 

mm the above ~&tE11Ucd. ~escri;ption meane; 1n the br1et, that •JJ20te 43, 

44, 45 $nd 46 aro energized ana.. l'lave drawn th~119 .tranel~or barlS 1; 2, 3, a.rid 

4 to the t:lcht by means oE the armture ba!tia yoked to theae bars as preY1ousl¥ 

. ~~. 

desof1bed. Nou th1EI cOlldit!.on ettaots a selection, &mt>%76 the P1nmti ~a.ru e:;. The 

pro:Der stunt bar flati. bEtina in tllis ease stunt b~ ot J.ettor K. When the transla.tor bars moved to tho l"ight.,crant oontact 49 we.a closed. whlch released the 

uni ve~sal bar hol<ll.ncr tho stunt bo.ra up. Th• manner iJl whi® the uru.versal bar 

wa.s :reloo.sed 0011 by energizntion ~t niaenet 85 t~e ..,.. battory 381 wire 82; 83, 

contacts 49 wire 87 ~t 85 wiieo 63, contacts 21, wire 60• contact 56, coll'"t 

tact 55• wire GS and return to 'bntte1"¥• 

. · .sJol-s . As stated before the ·K stunt bar drops in the translator bars e ioto. ~e 

stunt bar d.1'&718 dovn w11ill it dr&.g iink 88 prOC!en1;ib[! the=":{ S~ a:J4 its slot 

before the printin.:;: drlve pin 91. ~ stunt bar at tho ea.me tizlx) t~a ornnl: 93 

._ 9S 

Uhich closes crank oonto.cta 9<\ and a clrcu1t is sot up fl"Qm batteriJ 05", uire 96 

contacto 94. oire 9'7, print~ tllOv<'l'llet 86 and. mro 98 teturn to ba.ttery. ln prs.c• 

t1ce this 'bo.ttcr;r 95 and. battery 38 are ot couree identical be1ne eho\11J, individ\1811 

only tor olearnecis ot oircu.lt tre.o~. Al"° the ba.tter10~ aroe _almpl.y to ~e.prosent & sw.roe ot E.u,v. eith&r ma.chine o~ ba.ttel"3' "rOI: t~e ~qu1vmo~ Qan bo (lcnd~ed 

tor ~ re.ngo ot voltages. 

llow upon tmgnet 06 be112g energised,-~ 89 i~ 4i-lfen. torus.rd OPo;atf.nc 

drlve ~ 90 by b~ll Qrank about matt 1QO. l>r1ve bar 90 in· tu.tn operates the 

proper plUl'Jger 101 '7hich aotuate• the K kq ot the typem.-.f.toJ> ilwun at G in· F!g. 

9. tlheu 4r1vo ba.r 90 ts pJ;te.ctia&.lly at tho bottom ot 1t'1 etrote ~t Qperatos oro.nk 

92 and thereby cra.n!: lever contact 55, movi:na lover 55 from contact 56 to uonta.ct 
REF ID:A4161B9 

57. ~S.e action .causes t""o t~G to happen. - the ta.pa step forward ?JQgnets S'f 

. J0:3 . . 

is operated, battery 38; wire 67 • 61, SG-11 621 contact 67, lover 55 am viro , 

66 return to battery;• and the opcnilJG of oontoot 56 restores the system tQ 

normal by OJJOniJJg" the bsttory eupply on tho \1iro GG a1de;;i lool: -~et 52 rolea.soa 

. . 

p~mi~ting t1'anam1tter bars O, i. and 2 to return to nowiAl; and opcm~ cranlt 

. . . . . . . . . resror-~.s the I< 

cou.f;aots 21_ u.nivorsal b~J:> magnet 85 releases and u.niverao.1 b84."' tteeetna stunt b!l.l.' 

whereupon troatslntor bars l, 2, 3 and 4 return to no~. crank (Hm,to.ct controlling J.lrint ~ot 06. roleariee and print bar 90 ratu.rno to ~. Crank 92 :la 

ro1tore& amt coxitact ).ever 65 is relJf;oret\ to oonte.at 56 placiug the sratem 1n 

readiness tor a 8\toCeeaJ.n6 operat1ont 

. . . k 

It is r:ieceesary now to exp1aln the aot ion or tha O bars of the Keyboard 

· · · . . zero _ · · tranmitter and tra.n.slator• As before. ste.ted when ~ is the resultant ot the . . 

k 

act ton of the Koyboarc1 tranmnttter on the tape tranmnltt~r none ot the translator 

46 k 

magn.ets 43, 44-• 4ft"and 47 will be operated. At the Reyboe.rd. tranemitter A how-· 

ever the O bo.r movea to the ricllt ~on prees111g a;q key~ ~1., closes contacto 

22 ·ant\ if none of the tr~elator ~~to aro onerelsed there wlll be no current 

thl'U. relO\)" 39- rolON 39 confmct o 41 will then roniWn o:J,osQd. Under theJJO olrcumsta.noee a oh-au.it 1• o"oescd. troti batt~ry 30 w~ G? • 64, contacts 41, wire 

G&_,contact~ 22,wue '14, ma.g.net 42,end wire 75 return to battery, ~o ener~za.t:lon 

o~ mzlgnet 42 movos trnnote.tor ~- O to tbe r15ht l\n(l a. de.sh io tsoleotod and 

printed on the typewr itar which i~ie&tee to tho d.oclphe~111g operat ~ that ho 

tll.so shall strike a dash e.t this P6int upon deo!phorment. The necessity of 

the zero bars is accord.1tlGlJ made a.p:v&reil'b. 'l1he reaaon for the parallel oon- . . 

bi.nation ot Z'eillata.nco~ 40 end. relf\V 3~ le ao thO.t a to.irly sens1t1ve ~elo.y may b$ 

used shunted by a reei~~~e of meb. value that the voltd(Je drop e.eron tho oombination w111 not lie cte~t ~o"di:h to atteot the sa.~lstaoto~ .operation of mt"JSnets 43, 441 451 46, ~-47 whetbit2' o~ one OP.et~tes Qr tl~ther al.1 Qp~l°at$• ;. . 

It ia ne~o.ePey tho.t relay 3~ 'be 1nt$tPoeec\ between be.tte:cy t\lld ~et~ 43, 44, 

45• 46; Qnd 4'/ but ati to Whother a. low· ~•iatanco r,el,ay is used or a high :resis-

/ow · vni/-

tance ~elay shll.ntoa by e.'~oiato.noe tie oi>1iional• 
,. 

REF ID:A4161B0 

W.~cced~ opero.t1<ms be perfonned bef~re the keyboard is released. Norr t!hU.e 

tb.ese euccaed,ing ·~pe:r$t;!ons will bo _practioall.y inste.n:t~eou~ fttill the nocess-. 

t,.ty wi11 be apparent for thoae insta.%1.Qea When the opera.tor strikes ·another koy 

too q11ickly ~r inadvertentl.3'. 

The operation of. enciphering a 1?10ss~e he.o therefore been cJasoribed" The 

pr<.u~~eseQ of. 4eoipherment sl'ti the inverse and 1t is not thogaht necessary to 

. - CO into great detail. In the aesumpt:1on ·above the corrmxanicant receives ·the 

le~ter K in the com.tmUlication. Aa the eentU.n,g oparator and the receivine OP"i' I· 

f 

. .' . 

i;irator have tient1aa.J. tapes, the dooipher1ng Operator strikes K on his keyboaru. I , . 

the· ·tape s~wu.p U e.tld the resu.ltant h A \7htch printo upon the typam:'iter and .. /.' :. 

io the 1etter 4eslrod to be oomma.nicated ~eforo the enciphering procaaa. 

llavlng $de the operation· and a.ppUccJdon or this oryptograph clear we 

OleJ.m: 

,, l• A mecha!liem uh1Ch au:tomatico.U.y enciphers a coJimDinication c:at the 

Pl:'inttl\ page Of the tyPeWTl ter. 

2. A ~schabi.sm using the f :tve u.n1t coda e.nd a. circular parforated 

tape to oncil>har a ·eommunioatiQn on the pl"1nt~d pa.g~ of tbt;t typewriter. 

·s. A unique, neu, a.nd nQvel. macha.?dca1 and electrloal deviee tor cambinini:: t m reStil.tants of e. keyl:>o::i.rd. trmtmitter and a tape transmitter to · · 

a.ctue.te th~ keyboard of . a tn>e1'rite:r"' 

4, A untqu_e, new and novel· method of actut~ ooaha.mca.ll.y and 

eleotricslly the ke;vboar4 C)f a typenite~ after ,.,eleot1on. . . 

· , . o. 'P.he 4ee1a-n of & device which ~ be pl.a.cad& 1n front ot1 and over I . . 

the kaybo&l'd Of the usa,a.J. COI!llllel'Cial 'tJPeY1r1ter &110, 'Jill upon operation Of the I. . ' 

de'ffee '.re~l:~ 1n pel'fo~ a. cryp~ogram on tb.e keys of. the typewriter ~ henoe ·. I I ! 

Oom~~lling. the typewriter tQ pr Stit a c:cyptogrm t7hieh is automa,t lC ~d tn "1hich 

' ' . .' I 

the cipher is non•tecurrent and therefore doe9 not au.ow itlilelf to dee1pherment~ . ~· ' . ' . . 

I 

/,i! 

iJ 

.,If 

ii

;!•, 

'·J J ,, 

/ ' .J/ 11. /, I 

11 

, I 

( 

j 

I 

•' 

\"I1tneaaed 1 

\'litnessed: 

,Signed: 

S~gned: 

Signed; 
a common shaft, 31 and held up by in~ 

dividual springs, 4. At 5 are shown the transmitter bars, the bars themselves being designate:d 2. They are supported a~ th?ir extremi.ties by ball~iJ'(~ ~A..~ """-<.1>W" ;h> ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ V'1.a.W'" °b tk ~~CSC.i and roller bearings. f\ "hie manner in" which th;e b~s ,contr~~ ~their coi;itacts ~s t:O..:·- . J . . . ''• " ~ . '" . . • 

shown for the foremost bar at 2, ~=~ wherein i ti is 'seen that th~ba:r ~ .. d1r \n .. ~. 

is yoked to contact lever 

. 

10, operating

~~. 

,~_about axis 8, thereby presenting contact 3 to either contact 4 when the bar is at its normal position to 

.) 

the left and held there by spring 91 or to conte.ct 5)when the bar is displaced to the right upon depressing a keybar. Still_ referring to Figure 'J, 

proper terminals for wiring are arranged for on the insulating supports 6 and 

7 as shov1ll at 14 and 15 for the front and back contacts and at 13 for the 

lever contact by coiled wire 12, it being understood that the lever contact 

is insulated from the frame at 11. The other five bars are directly behind 

the bar shovm at 2, Figure :J, controlling identical contacts all of which 

-10-
.. 

REF ID:A4161i\64 ...... 

are mounted on the insulating supports 6 and 7. Behind these sets of contacts is the mast(;lr contact 39 of- Figure 1 controlled by the cran~ ·'-7 .in 

-Fi.gure;j. ·This. crank and it,::. contact .is shovm in detail in Figure 4,, which 

. ~"'~ ·~ .'1~ '-J will be discussed later;-, the '1ocking mechanism for locking· the transmitter ft. . 

bars into position is shoVm as consisting of magnet 8 whose armature 9,. 

normally held by spri~g 10, when attracted causes bar 6 to rock on pivot 7, 

and lock the bars i~ po~~~o:::J ~c a11e:ngenteir1's a:F~m-:tft-Fl:'gttre 

«=J;::·:r,n;·:t>B::-.:l;l:iati@Wi~ Magnet 30 is one of the _set of translator bar magnets, there being five more magnets behind it, each one equipped with an armature 29, bell crank ·and coupling,_ 28 and 27, for moving the translator bar 

' controlled by it.· The translator bars are shovm at 11. Crank 31 is bar 59 

of Figure 1 and operates contact 58 of Figure 1. Crank 34 is crank 114 of 

Figure.l, controlling contact 115 of Figure 1. ~~-v:> At 12 ~s shovm but one of the 

set of' 32 stunt bars, the others being behind it. The stunt bars are pivoted 

at 13 and are pulled into .an alignment of slots on the translator bars under 

the action -~ of~springs-14. Each stunt bar is provided with a drag link 16 which 

is coupled to a member '18 at pivot pin 17.c Member 18 is provided wit~ a slot 

as shown and is pivoted and coupled to print bar 19 at pin 36. Print bar 19 

operates· with a bell crank action about shaft 20 which is connnon to all the 

print bars. When member 18 is drawn downward it presents a slot before the 

drive pin 36 which runs across the machine under all the slotted members as 

shovm at 31 in Figure 3,, where 31 is seen prov.ided with bearings 32 and 34 

pivoted on common centers 33 and 35. In Figure 3 magnet 30 by its_ action on. 

armature 36 will be seen to operate drive pin 31 upon being energized. In 

Figure 2 another view is shown of this action, 35 being the magnet, 33 t~ 

armature, 41 the pivot, and 36 the drive pin. The magnet 35 acts upon its 

armature against the pull of' spring 40, which holds the armature in its 

neutral position. When magnet 35 is energized drive pin 36 strikes the 

slotted member 18 that has b~~n presented to it, and print bar 19 will be 

driven down on plunger~. Plunger il and all other print plungers have 

-11-
REF ID:A4161814 

common bearings at 38, and are held up in normal position by springs such 

4~ 

as 22 under pin VS"· . The plungers are thereby driven dowmtar.d and the feet 

23 operate the pertaining typewriter· keys. 

When print bar 19 moves dovm at almost the end of its downward 

stroke it operates· crank 37 which is crank 82 of Figure 1. This crank is 

common to all the print bars, and in Figure 3 at 37 is shown as running 

~ 

across the machine~ under all the print bars. In Figure 3 crank 37 is pivoted at common centers 38 and 39. ·As explained, this crank serves to close 

the circuit of the tape-step-forward magnet 47 of Figure 1 and also to o~en ( °""" ~ 0-~ ~~"\.-). 

the. circuit of the transmitter bar locking magnet. 56 of Figure '1,/\ whimit. 

~ ~\47.~ oJ(JL 

B't;az::t;;:;=a:ilo!Asubsequent clearing operations to restore the machine to normal. 

"' ~ r· ... o ' "' .. . ~~ 

In Fig~_e 3 a.s~elf' 40 is provided for"inee1+if.&g the tape trans-

' I 

mitter int~: ~ii:r:i:on. The tape transmitter is usually in compact form with 

nine terminals for external electrical connections. At 16 is shown one of 

the nine, spring clips, equally spaced and mounted upon an insulating block 

17 for soldered electrical connections at 18. The nine terminals of the 

tape transmitter fit under the nine spring clips. A dust cover 19 is pro-

• 

vided. At 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are shown the six translator bar magnets which act~te the translator bars of which only~' is shown.~~ 

~~~~~.·~.~