1. THRU AS-80 AS-71 6 May 1947 

TO AS-90 Applications for Patent - SN 

478,193, and SN 478,868 

- l. Inclosures 1 and 2 are forwarded for evaluation and 

return. . 2. The applications are currently classified confidential. 

The question is whether the inventions may be declassified so 

that patents can issue and be exploited commercially. 

3. Both disclosures relate to facsimile privacy apparatus. 

a. Serial Number 478,193 involves the derivation of 

an on-off signal from a black and white message (picture) and 

another on-off signal from a dummy picture. The dummy message 

may or may not be intelligible in itself. The two signals 

are added by a system of relays so that, when message and dummy signals are alike (both "ons" or both "offs"), an off signal is transmitted while two unlike currents result in the transmission of an on signal. This is, in other words, according 

to the so-called Vernam rule. At a receiving station, the 

dummy message or key is subtracted. 

b. Serial Number 478,868 describes a system essentially like the above except that addition is accomplished by tubes 

instead of relays. 

4. Further information about the subject applications 

may be obtained, if necessary, from Chief, ·AS-72. 

2 Incls 

1. Pat Appn SN 478,193 

2. Pat Appn SN 478,868 

/s/ Leo Rosen 

for s. KULLBACK, Chief 

Research Laboratories Div. 

Ext 284 

-£6Uf 1BEttl\l\l 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 09-10-2013 pursuant to E .o. 1352a 
2. THRU: 

AS-90 

TO: 

AS-71 

AS-80 May 9 47 Applications for Patent - SN 

·478,193 and SN 478,868 

The Security Division has no objection to the declassification and release of these patent applications. 

2 Incls 

n/c 

/s/ H. L. Clark 

for A. SINKOV 

Chief l Security Division 

E:xt 2tt-1 

' , 
e REF ID:A1051~ 

AS-70 AS-90 .np ·.,•~ ~ ~r·~~"'TiAL .. ·;,..a°" II 15 May 47 · .- App1!cations for Patent - SN 478,193 

and SN 478,868 

Operations Division has no objections to the declassifying and release of these patent applications. 

2 Inels 

n/c 

/s/ Frank B. Rowlett 

Chief, Operations /Division 

Ext 315 
4. AS-20 AS-71 23 May 47 

REF ID:A10511 

CO'·~~~e:r~TiAl ~ .. ~-.. & t.L!:_..i a 

Applications for Patent - SN 478,193 

and SN 478,868 

1. In response to the oral request by Captain Woehlke 

for recommendations and comments regarding patent applications 

or w1111a:m F. Friedman, seri.al numbers 478,193, 478,868, and 551~172, numbers 478,193 and 478,868 were circulated through AS-~O and AS-90. 

2. Certain background information with respect to the two 

cases and brief descriptions of the inventions thereof appear in Comment 1. 

3. Serial Number 551,172 was not circulated since the 

application had never been classified. A draft of the case 

was considered before filing; the views of the interested 

branches and individuals may be found in an R & W, 24 July 1944, 

subject: Authenticating Device, through Chief, C Branch, to 

Commanding Officer, Signal Security Agency, and six subsequent actions, the final action being an approval by the Assistant 

Chief, Signal Security Agency, for the filing of an unclassified patent application. 

4. It is recommended that the three applications be declassified in accordance with the policy established by a 

memorandum for Chief, Army Security Agency, from War Department General Staff, Military Intelligence Division, G-2, 29 April 1946, subject: R~lease or Cryptographic Principles, as modified by a letter from Chief, Army Security Agency, to AS-70, 

AS-80, and AS-90, 10 April 1947, subject: Procedure for Release 

of Information Concerning Secrecy Patents. 

5. Return of the copies of the applications is requested. 

3 Incle 

1. n/c 

2. n/c 

3. Pat Appn SN 551,172 

/s/ s. Kullback Chief~ Research Lab. 

Ext 2~4 
5. THRU: 

AS-24 

TO: 

AS-20 

AS-14 

REF ID:A1051~ 

COf~FiDENTiAl • 

3 June 47 Applications for Patent - SN 

478,193, SN 478,868, and 

SN 551,172 

In view of the tact that I am an interested party as the 

inventor of these patents, I prefer not to go on record as 

either favoring or not favoring the declassification of these 

patents. 

/s/ William F. Friedman 

Chief, Communications Research 

Ext 2;1..5 
AS-24 AS-20 5 June 47 

REF ID:A1051. 

CONFIDENTIAL 

Applications tor Patent - SN 

478,193, SN 478,8681 and SN 

551,172 

6. Materiel Section, Starr has no objections to the declassification of subject pa.tents. 

3 Incle 

n/c 

/s/ Arthur V. Whitehead Major~ Signal Corps Chief, .Materiel Section, 

Starr 

Ext 216 

,. ~ •fu.:i~ 

.~?,.-::{4y Ii .. ,. I Ii ,. \._": :..;;. , 
.. 

7· 

AS-10 AS-23 5 June 47 Applications for Patent - SN 4781 193 

and SN 478 1 868 

1. Patent Applications (Systems for Enciphering Facsimile), 

Serial Nos. 478,193 and 478 1 868 basically employ the Vernam 

rule tor enciphering a black and white picture signal with a 

dummy black and white picture signal. The dummy picture signal is employed in the nature of a key. The difference between the 

two cases is that Serial No. 478 1 193 utilizes relays and Serial 

No. 478 1 868 employs tubes to perform the combining function. 

2. Patent Application, Serial No. 551 1 172 (Authenticating Device) employs rotors, a rotary switch with a plugging arrangement, and a strip of random numbers. A current passing through the predetermined connections of plugs and arrangement of the 

rotors will light a lamp which will give a number which may be 

used as an authenticator •. 

3. Patent Applications, Serial Nos. 478 1 193 and 478,868 

were circulated by AS-70 to AS-80 and AS-90 in accordance with 

current policy. · 

4. Patent Application, Serial No. 551,172 was not circulated at this time since the application was never classified. 

The Assistant Chief, Signal Security Agency approved the appli- cation for filing as an unclassified patent application on 21 

Ausust 1944 (Inclosure 1). 

5. AS-70 1 AS-80 1 and AS-90 agree that the pa.tent applica- tions may be declassified so that patents can issue. 

6. Recommend signature of the attached Disposition Form. 

3 Inola 

1. Routing & Work Sheet 

subj: Authenticating Device 

2. Patent Applications Serial 

Nos. 478 1 193; 478,868; 

551,172 3. Disp Form to CS!gO for s1g 

/s/ Paul E. Neff 

Lt. Colonel, Signal Corps Acting Deputy Chief 

Army Security Agency 

Ext 498 

BONFiDENTIAL .. $'ff1'.~.f 

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