REF ID:A62872 

t"pproved for Release by NSA on 12-19-2013 pursuant to E. 0. 1352B 
, 

REF ID: A62 8 7 .JOR. SLIDE 6"

8 

"The Benedict Arno1d indecipherable Treasonable 

Cow Letter" 

Here's an interesting slide showing a picture 

of a letter which was written by Benedict Arnold, ot 

early Colonial i~i'a.my. Be even was Willing to 

see that his commander-in-chief', WashingtC>n, was 

captured by giv:l.Dg the British information like this 
LECTURE Nal'E FOR SLIDE 16o 

REF ID :A62872 

Renaissance of interest in U.S.A. 

Colonel Parker Hitt "1'""v fBut despite bis knowledge Jr· 

\.:. WJ7l'C 1915 "_J 
.... _ .. -.... - LIQTURE 

Emmple of a rebus 

/jo doubt this first slide will carry all ot ;you 

back to the ~s of your childhood or at least 

to 7011r earliest schooldqs. I show it onl7 becaus 

it has a rather close connection with cr,rptograpb1'. 

The question as to which came first -- the invention of writing or the invention of c:eyptograpq 

is like the question as to which came first --the 

hen or the egg. The answer to both is quite dit• 

ticult to give. But it is quite clear at least 

that some phases of cryptography came before the 
REF ID : A62 B 7 2 4.ll (cont') 

art of writing had undergone &IQ" or very much 

dnalopmant. The reba.a contains features of 

both -- 1011 have to •dec1'7pt11 , ao to speak, the 

sign:lf icance ot some of the SJJDbols betore 7011 

can read the writing as a whole and learn its 

meaning. 
REF ID : A62 8 7 j>Ii §Lroi ·j.2 

An example of a hoax inwlving what appears to be 

•runic" secret writing. 

BIL STUMP - his mark -- from Dickens' Pickwiu 

Papers 
REF ID:A62872 

Cipher used by Mary sti.iiM°"'t1 Quaiiii ot Soots., with 

Babington. 

(From 11The Babington Plot11 by'- Smi:th1 1936) 

She reigned from 1S42-1S67; beheaded 1S67 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID : A62 8 7 2 JroR SLIDE 218 

8 The Forged Postscript, with Phillipa's endor~ement 

(Frontispiece of 0The Babington P1ot• by Smith, 

1936) 
REF ID:A62872 

A cipher system used by Philip II ot Spain 

(1SSS-1S98) 
LECTURE 4.iOTE 

I 

'~;# 

REF ID : A62 8 7JIJR SLIDE 3. 7 

Sliding-card Cipher. A facsimile of one used in 

"the latjlr years or Queen Elizabeth's reign (about 1600)}, 

A sli.ding card, which could be shirted up and 

down, was used for changing the key, or as a mean 

1 of changing the key. I 
LECTURE NOTE 

REF- ID :-A.62 B 7 2 

'file ho-Vorel 8qu&N .c:lpner. A 1'ua1Jli.le or 

a State Ol:pher used 11i CbaJ-lea the 11rat•a 

time (1627) tor comaunioat1~ nth J'NDCe 

and Pl.aaclera. I. !he EeJ'. 1 '!h1a eJPher 

ia made doble (dou).)le) going tnae over tbe 

alphabet -onl7 tor Y&rietie to -.Jee it ha:rder 

to be deolpb.e:Nd, Wben 1n vr1t:l.Dg a.iae thing 

(&DJ'th1Dg) 1D th1• OJPb.•r J'OU &re to make 

uae 4 the letter 1taelt,, but 1a place ere 

if ,

to aet dova two le,tera, one auoh ter 

etvtol'd. OP!I~ aa 1•-••t ;ir. over 

8 e 81' 1'011 m I and ~ _ 1' •UOh lit<>r.,.) 

,:--~ll"l ~"°e~ ~ \)~-,~ML"""' 

Cipher table in an early Elizabethan state cipher used 

in communicating with the Ambassador in Spain. 

(Proof that Porta was not inventor?) 
(Usually inserial h..t'or6 

REF ID :JA.~2 8 7 2 SLlDE S.l 

VIETA, FRANCISCUS - French mthematic:tan and f'ourder ot 

modem algepra. 

In 1S89 became councillor or parliament or Tours -

then royal. pr:tvy" councillor. While there discovered 

key to Spanish cipher - more than Soo characters - then 

all Spanish dispatches falling into French hams were 

easily read. 

Philip II of :spain was so convinced of' safety of 

'his ciphers that when he found French were aware ot 

contents or his letters to Netherlards he com~ained 

to the Pope that French were using sorcery against him. 

Viet.a called on carpet to explain. 
LECiJURE- :- ~-- REF ID: A62 ElC2!2SIJDE 21.4 

Decipherment of a cryptogram in a map:-

Massage written in 14orse along tram lines on a plan 

ot Amsterdam - addressed to .Mr. l4.J. Nauk, Rotterdam 

postmark -s. Newington, 20 Dec 1915 

110EL ANGEKOMMEN ALLF.S FERTIG 

GUSTAV FREI FUR BESTIMMTEN TAG FERrIG11 
LECTURE NOTE REF ID:A62872 FOR SLIDE .30 

German sabotage message of World War l 

11Here is another message solved in World War I by the 

British and made a"Vailable to our authorities in 

Washington; a sabotage message talking about who were 

reliable saboteurs and what they should do. That 

message figured in a 1 ong,long trial before the German 

American Mixed Claims Commission, in which the German 

were charged with certain acts of sabotage, notably 

the Kingland fire and the Black Tom explosion in New 

Jersy. Most of you are too young to remember those 

incidents. The trial resulted in a decision in favor 

of the United States Blaimants, who were awarded some ~O million dollars.m 
... _ ijili ·sui>E ·μ7 REF ID:A62872 

Bxample of secret ink writing (1917) 

Black Tom and Kingsland Fire --Lackawanna RR et al. 

140 ,ooo ,ooo 

G-.A. Mixed Cl.aims Commission 
RriitniE NOTE REF ID : A62 B ?iR si.J;I)i - . )28. 

Example or micro-writing (1870) 

Micro-writing is not so new as we might think. See 

Galland - under Mendelsohn. Not re Mendelaohn'a 

decoding Gambetta code letter dated Oct 241 1870 and 

microphotograph.1 Could this be same as 1117 micro'l 

~· 1-i~ ~ ~el.o 'F l. 
REF ID:A62872 

World War I breaks out AliglISt 1914 

Renaissance of illt-erest in U. s. 

Mauborgne 

Hitt 
REF ID:A62872 

War Department Code in Spanish-American War -- the 

code of l.885 plus additive - 777. 
REF ID : A6281iR SLIDE 155 

Herbert o. Yardley as First Lieutenant, 1919. 

(Effect of disclosures) 
REF ID: A62Bibi SLIDE 38 

The Oil SoaDdal investigation. 

(Where $68, 000 gets transto:med into 6 or 8 cows) 
REF ID:A62872 

lllustrattng one of the cardinal sins in 

cryptography - repeating a message in 

another system, without some changes. 
REF ID :A62872 150.2 

. Hand-operated "Purple11 analogue 

a 
BEFORT OF THE JOINT~ 2'JlemTIGATIOH OF lBE 

• rww.a DAIWUA ~cit 

Page 2321 

•The success achieved in reading the Japanese diplomatic 

codes •ri ts the highest co.andation and all 111 tnesaes· 

familiar 111 th Magic 111B:terial. throughout the 11' a:r have 

testified that it contributed: enormousl.7 to the defeat 

ot the eD811J71 greatl.7 l!bortened the war, and saved lll8D7 

thousands or lives.• 
c~'tuff7 .... ~ ~~~uaii"&t~ut the raaC'iDatiz'ii ... 

secrets there are M&bliD.: Bf2~2mow as well-as 

I do that I can' t liii; tile curt.a.i.D enliirelJ' - I can 

onl.7 let you have a peek. The necesa1 t7 tor secrecy 

in the fial.d I• m going to talk about is so great that 

in MAJ' 19~ Congress enacted spacial legislation to give 

us the protection we need. The law is known as Public 

Law Sl3 am it I should violate it by telling you too 

much, even though DfT talk has been o£ficiall7 authorized 

and eveeybody hf.Ire is present b7 proper authori t7 1 I 

could be separated from $101 000 it I had that much, or 

could be given the dubious pleasure or ppend:ing my next 

10 7ears as a guest of one of Uncle Sam• s institutions 

for the re-educatl.on of ,criminals, or I could be given 

both trea:bnents, neither of which I am anxious to try". 

S.""Pl:ease don• t aold oa te p;av seH8 :i:a tile apec+Attd:a& 

"'9f:ilea..-'ag _,. 11e8*--aet atu.Ua. l\!& 3lli11 
rmittad to raise 

-~OVER) 
LECTURE NOB 

Magic Ma.chine 

REF ID : A62 8 7 2 SLIDE 150 
...... In 1ris recant1.~81~~'"2Winston Churchill 

tersel.7 appraises "t!'i:~=---:. .. -= : .. e=mmntcaticm 

intelligence in "these- gmmlal C'OllllllfJDW OD the battle of 

MidWIQ', which I quoter 

"'It is difficult to enggerate the importance ot 

this memorable American victory, not onlJ' to the United 

States, but to the whole allied cause. The American 

intelligence s,ystem was successful in penetrating the 

8D8DJ7' s most closel7 guamal secrets wall in advance at 

events. Thus Admiral Rimi.ts, albeit the weaker, was 

twice able to concentrate all the forces he had in 

sutticimt strength at the right time ml place. When 

the hour struck this proved decisive. The importance 

ot secrecy and the dire consequences ot liikigeor !Dtormatlon in war are here prociiliid.• 
SLIDE 15 

REF ID:A62872 

One of the earliest examples of traff~c analysis 

and traffic intelligence - based on study of 

traffic in ADFGVX messages.