REF ID:A101106 

08GAS-76c 19 S.pt.aber 1949 

BOBJ"ECf1 Pateat J.ppll•atiou lloa. 107,244 and 682,096 of 

Willi• 7. hiedllan le Propoae4 Kot ion Control U.au 

'l'O Chier, Project• Section 

l. A brief aumaa17 1• giT•n herewith or Serial Noa. 107,244 an4 

682,096, 'WO patent applica,iOD.8 Of Williaa 1. Friedman. The eaaential 

feature• or both inventiona will be reT1ewed. Comments oonceraing thea 

will be aade with relation to the :motion control aeane propoeed by the 

undersigned, who desires to state, at thie time, that he waa unaware ot 

the original plena, aD.d that 8Dif coincidental resemblance. between the 

two concepts ia purely caeual ud not Oallaal. 

2. Serial llo. 682,096 (filed 25 7uly 1933) proTidea a •et ot 

rotor stepping aecbaniam.a, which Jiily be controll•4 by one or aore tapetransmittere of the usual type eaployed in Baudot eysteaa ot priati .. 

telegraphy. Several embodiment• are illustrated, employing, reapectively, one, ,wo, and three tape-tranlllai.,t•r• tor controlling the indiTidual 

electro-aagn•'• which step the rotors or a olpher lllachine. 'the •iagle 

tape-tran•Uter ls of a well-kDOWJl type but only one of' the uaual two .. 

bu• hara ia connected to current aouroe iD thia oaae. 'J.lhe tran .. itter 

11 operated by a cipher key tape bearil,\g a eeriea of perforations perauted in accordance with the Baudot code. 'fheae perforation• control 

the action or tive contact aaaber•. which in turn, through the circuit 

including power source and conductor•. con,rol the action of five 

electro-Dlft.gneta, operable on a aet or stepping pawls in a perm.utativ• 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 05-19-2014 pursuantto E .0. 1352a 
REF ID:A101106 

_, rl t. j 

CSG.AS-76C (19 Septeaber 1949) 

aanner. 'l'he cipher key tape ia •hown in the rorm of a continuous ring 

which Cell be started at different 1Ai tial po1n·u. To peral'\ an Brrangeaent for obtaining e long secondary cipher key by the interaction of 

two releti Tely ahol't priaary lceye, two interacting tape tre:runi ttera ere 

ahown in a second em.bodiaent. Thue, t'WO key tepee or 1000 and 999 characters would produce a resultant key of 990,000 cheractera. :le.ch tape, 

pas~ing through it• 0111l transmitter, atfecta a separate eet of contact 

aeabera, bringing th• againat one ot two bu• bare in a pemutetive 

aaaner. The circuit• are auch that only when two hoaologoua contact 

m-.bera ere in con~act 1ri th oppoai te bua bar• will current flow from 

power source through the magnet controlled by thi• pair of hoaologoua 

contact aeabera. Siailarly, three or more tape-tranemitter• aay be 

caused to interact tor produci:ag still longer re•ultant k:91a. 'fhe tape 

stepping aagnats are controlled by a contact operated by the univeraa.l 

bar of the keyboard. 

3. Serial Ko. 107,244 (filed 2) October 1936) 1• aa illlproTeJll•nt 

on the subject-aetter or the foregoing application. The u•• of e cipher 

key tape and it• '•P•-tranaaitter ia eliminated., and, 1natea4, there 1• 

ahoW11 an aaeociated aet ot caa Wheel• or ditf erent di ... t•r• for oontrolling the etepping or the cipher rotors. Two eabodiaent• are illustrate41 the tiret .. ploy• fiTe c .. wb.eela to replaoe the aingl.e tap•-

tr81l8ai tter, while the second e:uapl• uaea tea o• wheel• which cu b• 

electrioallJ coabined into fiTe pair• for oontrolliac tke wired rotors. 

fhe latter veraioa 1• aobematioally &ho'Wll in the aoo•paayi .. diagr• 

(copied frolll the patent application). Kach of the ten contact leTera 

- 2 -
REF ID:A101106 

C5G.Ab-76C (19 September 1949) 

... ~·vc ;; .* ?. ~ j\..;' ~ !'; f ... d 

i• associated with two contacts: a lower contact ageinat which it normally 

rests and an upper contact which it touches when a button on the aesociated cam wheel is presented to the eontaot leTer. The switchboard serves 

aa a aeus t'or 1ntercoD.llect1ng the contact leTers in pair• so that the 

five rotor stepping masneta may be controlled, in effect by the five pairs 

of c811. wheels. An irregular pattern ot buttons on each cam wheel prov14es 

the cipher key which will determine the plecem.ent or a contact lever 

egeinat its lower or upper contact. laob rotor stepping magnet will therefore be subject to four conditions: 

It either ot the two contact levers (of a pair) is pre••-

ing asatnst a lower contact while the other contact lever 1• 

pre•sing against an u»per contact (due to the influence of e 

button on the related cma wheel) then a circuit will be 

eatabl1she4 through the electro-magnet and the pertinent 

cipher rotor will •tep. 

If both contact levers {of a peir) are eiiaultaneou•ly 

preaaiug againat lower contacts, or against upper oontacta, 

then no circuit will be establiahed through the electromagnets because both levers are conneote4 to the •mne •14e 

ot battery. 

A circuit 1• included 10 thet on ths baokatroke of the universal bar on 

the keyboard, a contact ts closed and eteppina pawl• are caused to adTanoe 

the caa wheel• one atep, thereby aetting up.a new combination or operative and inoperative contact levers. The univer•al keyboard oontaot 

circuit elao include• a relay which close• the circuit oonta1Ding the 

'\. .· ~ -~ . 
REF ID:A101106 

CSG.A8-76C (19 8ept811ber 1949) 

cipher rotor •tepping aagn•t• ao thet current can paaa through the 

latter aagneta only at the i:utut when the uni ver•al con.tan 1• cloee4. 

4. The principal feature of the precedine invention ia the uae 

ot ten priae-alzed Call wheel•, operating in peira through a awitchboerd, 

to clo•e circuit• thro\18h a group of stepping 11&gnetg which will advance 

the individual cipher rotor• in a pemutdive manner. In the proposed 

110tion coatrol acheae, the effect on the cipher rotor•, up to th1a point, 

1• the aeae. with the following difference in the aanner of aocOllpliahaent: the aotion control unit of the patent application eaploya ten 

regularly-atepping carriers for the selected pattern• ot button• or 

cam aurt'acee, whereaa in the proposed plan there are fiTe refJ'l].arlystepping carrier• (the variable pin rotors) and fiT• irregularly-•teppiiag 

cerriere (the cipher rotor• which bear the notch ring•). 1'roDl the 

cryptanalytic Tlewpoint. there are. then, ten regularly-atepping wh••l• 

with unknoa patterna u oppoae4 to fiTe regularly-•tepping wheel• with 

unknown patterns and fiTe irregularly-atepping wheels with knoWD pattern•. 

(Preeuaably the notch riaga are known to the en9111V, although the u•e of 

a notch rlag with Tariable pattern, a1Jlilar to the Lueckentueller ot 

1n1_. origta. W1ll.d eircuaTeat thi& condition.) Whet etfeot a dilat.t. 

wheel with kaon pattern. would pro4uoe 111 the oyer-all cryptanalytic 

picture would require further atu0.7. With both 110tion control achaea 

ueing f1Te cipher :rotore. the ettect of the ~atent ep~l1cat1on method 

ae contraated with the under•igaed'• propoaal ia identical at thi• 

etage: a~ one of the 32 Baudot code permutations ts poasible at a giTea 

aettiag, reaulting in the stepping of O, l, 2, ), 41 or 5 rotor•. The 

- 4 -
REF ID:A101106 

, .J ·r . ·~ • 

. ~. .... .r 

CBCM8-76C (19 September 1949) 

proposed notion co~trol plan. however, add• a further complextty by 

taking the output of the five rotor atepping circuit• and leading th••• 

impulses through & sens1Jli Jaecheniar. ao that only a &pec1t1c llWllber ot 

desirable stepping patterns are utilised. 'I'his addit1ona.l mechan1• 

consi~ts of a Christiaas tree circuit and a smell compact unit comprising 

u ewi tcl::.board Vi.titrix of 42 ractlit'iers, enabling e. variable choioe to be 

made from liJllOng •. for e:xam.ple, 14 £tapping patterua. The proposed stepp1nc 

mbaus become, the~efore, readily realizable by the addition of a relay 

transletor &nd in the light of the oircuit1"1 obaerved in the secoud 

pstent application. 

- 5 -

ISIDOU OOLDRIR 

Patent a Unit 
REF ID:Al01106 ,,~_CilE·; 

CONiAC { '..FVff;;,:5 

MO'l'T OK CONTFiOL UNIT 

- ------··-----