07-23-201 
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REF ID:A36336~ 

description proceeds. I 

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In the drawings - .. ....~~ .. -~iii-" 

Fig. 1 is a top or plan view with the covers olosed. 

device 

~· la is ~ide ele~n of the fr~ portion ~.,,;..: _ : 

with~e keybo~ cover fol~ back benea~he same. '\.~ 

Fig. 2 is a top or plan view on an enlarged scale with the 

keyboard cover and parts of the rotor cover omitted. 

F:i..g. 3 is a ~ide elevation with the covers closed. 

Fig. 4 is a cross section on line 4-4 of Fig. 2 "Wl.th the ro~or :;>.~ 

cover onu. tted. 

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of' the rotor latch. 

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the rotor actuating mechanism. ,. * ~ 

Fig. 7 is a diagr8Jll. show.i.ng schematically the electrio~cirouits~ 

and the mechanical operating mechanisms. ~ 

Fig. 8 is a view of ~~portion of theAeryptegrapAJof 141J'· 

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REF ID:A363367 

GONf\QEITT\~l . . . - ' - " '' - -~~ 

., .. -+ - tl-t\ ..... ,~ .. 

. ~ .. : _;_ '~ ~ '~-~:--~_:_cl~ ...... I> .. ' ; \,i .::'1;;t • ' !. 

That embodimentl. of the invention selected £rom among - . '! J - - - ~' - -0 - '-__ .'ill 

~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ,,..._. -- .._ n - ~~ others for illustration in the drawings and description in - . 

. . •' - ' :~· -- -:-;~~--_:;~":<~~~ --~~~·- ~4 

the specification is as follows. Referring to Fig. 7, the 

device will be seen, in general. to consist of' a sour&e 'io -~~3:!~~~{-~~--;- ~;,._,.-: 7 ~~~ 

- -i", 

, - t':i ~ . .,, ,.. ....... :r· -_..,.. '1 

0£ electricity, .,asew;;. u a' pail of d1:y ee:t:ta:. connected iio a _ 1 

' ' .. - ~- -- .. : ' ' . '-_ , pair of wires 11 and 12 across which are connected a pluraiity 

(in this instance. 'twenty-~ix) indicators 13A. 13B, 13C. eto. 

These indicators are illustrated as being electric lamps 

-~ 

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I -,1 arranged beneath a keyboard and indicator panel 14 (see.Fig.'2) ~.i; j, ) .._ " - ~ 

·- t • ·_ j and each arranged to illuminate one perforation closed by a-~--·---, "~ · 

I transparent cover 15 bearing one letter 16 of the alphabet --:---' 

1 :1 fl ~ :r ·- ~ :· ~ thereon. Panel 14 is secured in place over a gasket 14' of ' 1 

i sof't rubber or the like. Aoross lines 11 and 12 are ~.lso ' __ ·,-<:, .. _~ ·:,_;-:·:;:;~ ; connected manually op~rable swi'ltches 17A, 17B, 17C, etc., each <~ -~~~~ 

t in series with one of' the indicators 13A, 13B, etc., a~n' _·,1~:r __ __ ,. .._ ,, "- -·1 

I arranged f'~r operation by~ pushbuttOI6Ci!P ha:ile 18 pr-ojeoti.ng 1 

I , ·~.~~·~ i/-t3 ·. • ! through keyboard 14 alettg eide-e4CJRe ~f the covers 15. 

\· Conneoted to each o; the indicators 13A,. l3B: e::c:, ~~~:"..< ,, , ., : . • J 

I a multicontact electric switch. generally indicated as 19. It __ l . - ~~~M=ta:t-~ ~~ ()-("' ~ ! comprises.~ number of relatively/\ i:tt? nabl:e, cryptographio'"roto'rs. 'l ~ · 1ttG,·llfCy1tt.D..1~·~.) ,,~~(L.u..t\~ ~:::l . .n:~ tAk~~4 19~~ 19E-, eacni;.~ng a plurality &.fl/\.oOntaotS thereon,~~~, v:JJ..o_, { ~~~~~~~~)*~~~~~~ j, 

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' ·at 2<J. · Eacli -00rme:ot1~ leads fr~ne1 stationary oftact,.:1o,., ) 

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through the cryptogr~ph~c.~9tors.i%"~-another stationary contact. __ , I 

Theee ~~~fcr!.~:;arranged each time one of' the rot~'rs,-. ~--~-- _ _ -~ v -, :i 

is tui:ned. r-~a _ _ . . ~1-"'""~μ 

., 1 

1 . ..\ , In 1\ . a normally-closed electrl.~"switcli- ~ 

21. Between one of the indicators, in this ease 13E, ~~d mui;ti~':' -, .~-1 " tSPuc.. ~ ~ . - -i 

contact switch 1)>-.h ~ normal~y-closed eleo~r~?- swito~~~~~ ~~~ -., ; ~--.. . __ -;..J 

In parallel with wire 11 is wire llA containing an authenticating , 1 • _.._ • -- ~ < ---,---, • • ' 1'r.: • 1 "•- ~ ~,_ ~ '° ;~ '" .T;l" .-l.H ; 

switch 23 having an operating handle 24. Wire llA also cont.a.,1~~~~::;::,,.,.~~'3-j-,:,,cJ ~r.J_:- ~!z:~...:~~"!t~~f,; __ .. ~~.,.~k...-~ 

normally(onen switch 25G8Nf!PEP!T!PJ ; .'7~~-': ~·~~ 
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Turning now to Figs. l,/2j and 3 for a dis"olosure of the 

mechanical features of the invention, the device is shown aa 

• 

enclosed in a casing 26 to which are hinged or otherwise 

attached a ~ ~ cover 27 and a ke~~oard ~ cover 28. 

~~)~~ t&.-~~,) Thel\keyeeapa~ev-&!' is secured to casing 26 by means or 

a double hinge 28', 28". This arrangement permits the cove~~ 

to fit snugly upon gasket 14 1 , thereby to provide a 

substantially dust-proof and water-proof closure for the _ ... <\ .... 

_,_.,. .. _.::::~ 

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keyboard 14. The cover may also lie flat in fron'b of the ~ . h : 

machine, or .may be folded therebeneatq(~~="T1r).,. ~ ' 

The back part of the casing,adjaoent the ~,is provided 

with a lip 26' (see Figure 2). ~ .....mGesP 27 is adapted to 

fit over this lip, and has a gasket 27' which provides, upon--~ 

closure of theA~ ~ cover, a dust-I.proof and moisture-proof seal. 

~~~~~(!, ... ~ .. ~~'"~.:..a 

" 

Casing as fl:&& an op ning 29 through the tep 'By meaa11 et 

which a counter: so is visible. As is most 

( ' 

readily seen in Fig. ' 6, 

,.. ' 

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l'' ' ~-"-" t'-t"l'_f~ , casing 26 has two projecting walls 26A and 26B. The ~?"YPtographio 

~~·q~ a... 1 ~retained between these walls by/\mechanismwhich will 

) . 

" ' - now be' described. Wall 26A has a hole in it through which may be 

pushed pin 30A having a knurled head 31 and a latch 32 co-operating 

with a retaining spring 33. Also pivoted on wall 26A is a 

spring latch 34 of U-shape,being bent parallel to itself. The free 

end 34A of latch 34 is perforated to allow pin 30A. to pass t~ough I<'-'. 

it and bears oam surfaces 35 thereon. Stationary oam 36 has a 

surface complementary to cam surfaces 35 so that when latch 34 is 

moved from the substantaally horizontal position, in which it is 

shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 6, into the vertical position, in which 

it is shown in Fig. 6, the free end 34A of latch 34 is moved ? 

away from wall 26A and compresses the I"--spring ouubaebs ~-_ -

• ~· 2) of 1:1;d:•::a:-:s: 3:9 and loca:Ces Lire 1 oEors Che:ms#iiies iu •t .. iz-ed 

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The manually operated means for rotating the cryptographic 

~~e)>~ rotors 19 will next be~efer &. As seen in Fig.s. 1. L~.f 3. and 

frl"-•--; ~ ~ db,;. 6. casing 26 has a recess 37 in its top into which fits a "fingerpiece 38 having a sliding fit in the recessr and mounted on a 

&1'V 

rod 39. Rod 39 causes U-shaped stirrup 40 to turn ~:its ,,..~ -r. I, • • ll ,-,. jr • .~ • ' l -· 

·~ ... 1-............ ""'" .. ..,-1..C.<-,1..v ; --· ...----.............. \...• .... ' ~ - -

.pivots in walls 26A and 26B. ~:p;:-4A=cur1es as a part~"'°8.m 

41 which actuates folla~er 42 fast on shaft 43 of counter 30. 

Stirrup 

? 

40 also has a 

~ 

~ 44 to which spring 45 is attached and 

"' 

which carries cam fadt 46. Detent 47 is pivoted at 48 in 1111alls 

26A and 26B and is stressed by spring 49 so that cam 50 engages 

cam face 46. Spring detents 60 normally hold rotors 19 in their 

relative positions but allows movement of' these rotors under the 

actuation of pawls 58. This permits detent teeth 51 to be moved 

in and out of the ratcnet depressions in the surface of the 

rotors 19. 

Stirrup 40 carries a pin 52 on which are pivoted a plurality 

of cam-and-pawl devices 53A. 53B., 53C., and 53D which are urged 

by springs 54 against cam surf~es 5 7 o:i; ratchet depressions 56 

l pJ!;_ g'l~ "') I l~'-) (t!l~Ft_.g-ie-7) on rotors 19\: Device o3A_,for exaim.ple,~Efs a ob 

surface 55 and a pawl 58 cooperating., respectively., with cam 

surface 57 and ratchet recesses 56 on the rotor 19A. A tang 59 

of device 53A unc:Erlies device 53B so that device 53B prevents 

device 53A from operating unless device 53B is also depressed 

and~~ --------- The operation of this device is as follows: --~o opere:te - --- - ~ --~ ~ -r -~-

"She er)pbogia~ Cover 28 is opened to expose the keyboard. If., 

as frequently happens., limitations of space require., the cover , 

• ~ tN t:#. ~- . may be folded back beneath the mac'hine. For ~g 9P alaod.i.-n.g,,~ ( ) 

handle 24 is~o that switch 23 is open. That push button 

-5-
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REF ID:A363367 

prevented from doing so by the engagement of the tang 59 

~S:..f.~ ~uJ-ool·~~ with the next aa i: a e g~. jrvvhenever a pawl 58 ente-:Ps-a-r&tohet... _ 

~39. ' dap IIMl:~on 56, and the movement of the/\~~ is' 

completed, the corresponding rotor 19 is moved one step. This 

~earranges the connections~through the rotors and connects 

. ,different pairs of lamps 13A, etc., together. Counter 30 is 

moved one numeral because follower 42 is depressed by oam 41 

~nd spring returned. Detent 47 prevents backward movement of· 

I '1'\b-i~ rotors 19 because teeth 51 enter -6.epreeeiene in rotors 19.' 

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REF ID:A363367e 

moved from the upright position of Fig. 5 to the horizontal 

position of Fig. 6• and pin 30 withdrawn by grasping head 31. 

This allows cam 35 to enter the corresponding groove in 

stationary earn 36. Rotors 19 can then be lifted out and 

-penoXJs, or, if -the code ; s to be clia:iaf§SS. th~rs-eai:l=--bereinserted in the casing 26 in a different order. ~e-i-r-

.COY.ecti OJ:lS 20-Gha-nge.Q..---aftd-thw r-o-tw·-s---the-n---inserctea- in----Ga&ing 

H:h-. X) Vl ' 

~ tin 30 placed in position, latch 34 raised, and cover J 

A. 

27 closed. 
ID:A363367e 

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The modification of Fig. 8 includes a viewing panel 60, 

similar in appearance to the viewing panel and keyboard 14 of 

Fig. 2. In place of the push buttons 18,,holvevers viewing 

panel 60 is provided with contacts only. as 61. These contactss 

as shown. consisting merely of small circular elements of 

&.O.Q. ~~ 0. ~ ~ ~ \i, h 18.a. ~....., 10. 

conducting ma ~eria1i\ id th reference to Fig. 7 • contacts 61 may 

-'-<. I'..£.~.~ be considered to be Pep-r-ese-nted·-b-y· switches l 7A. l 7E. etc. 

In place of the push buttons 18. a stylus 62 is provided and 

this may be considered to be connected to conductor 11 of 

rl h,~ .... J.&.;:rFig. 7. Enciphermentkis accomplished by making contact b~tween 

stylus 62 and a desired contact 61 on panel 60. 

The above description is in specific terms. but it is to 

be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise 

structures and circuits shown and described. Instead. for the 

true scope of the invention. reference should be nad to the 

appended claims. 

I claim: 

-8-
REF ID:A363367. 

1. In a cryptograph ha~·n relatively rotatable electric 

~1~-~~ ...... ~J.i:.. ~ ~~Cl 

<~switches~ th.ere m, means for a"ting said swi tcii.es so as to vary ' /\., 

the connections therebetween, comprising a plunger or the like 

arranged for manual operation, means associated with said 

plunger and cooperating upon depression, thereof with one or 

0......1..lJv Qo._...Q,.. ~c.. .... LI. SY' . 

said electric switches for)rotauing.-the same, m~ans associated 

with said plunger and cooperating upmn depression thereof with a..u.~~1.. .cL..---t..P.o. ., _ _._, • 

another electric switch for ~tr:i:ng-1 the same aher a predetermined 

~~·-~'-·~ I 

~ 

.. _.,_;-

of said first mentioned switch, and a brake operable 

by said plunger th~ough a lost-motion' connection for preventing 

o.. ......... )..~"'f ~o-.ui..•,.,.,ct.:1:' more than a desire ct r0-tati-on of any sm. tch. 

;... 

2. In a cryptograph, the combination of' a source of' current, 

a plurality of' . 

LA-•_/..lt_•r-

.i..n-Pu~~-a---plu!!ality;-af'-

~u.;t- ~~ ou'liputs, a plurallty of 

indicating devices each with a normally open circuit beti.~een it 

CJ.)- -~:hs.e.."t 

and an input and a normally open circuit between it and every _,_ I 

·~,.J~ 

output, and a switch associated with each of said indicating /• 

devices and adapted when closed to complete its said first 

mentioned circuit and one of said second mentioned circuits. 

3. 'Ihe combination of clab1 2, furthe;r characterized by 

means for varying the selection of a second mentioned circuit 

to be completed upon the closing of a switch. 

4. The combination of claini 2, further characterized by 

a plurality of mixing rotors, the normally open circuit between 

a s~id indicating device and the said outputs including said 

rotors. 
~F J;D:A363~67 ·~ ., i;_' "i - --#~~~~.;; 

~ '.5· In a cryptogr~phi}i.g milQai;Q; .. _ a plurality of '' 

. ~ryptographic rotors,, stationary input,...c~ ea= st~~ona1'Y;.,:, 

- adapte_d ;;o be connected, variabl~ugh said,.. ~ ' "\--- - -? -

' . 

rotors,,, an indi~ator ~onnected to each ·of \Said stationary ' ' 

. . . t contacts, a switch associated with each indicator,' a~d-~ . . ... r r 3'- . source of current,,. whe~eby the closilng cf one of said ~ .. ... ' 

switches will close a circuit through a selected ~nput __ I 

' contact and its associated indicator.and an outpu~ and' its indicator. ~---- l~ r~I~: ~; 

' :. .. '\ ~ ~ 

6. 1 The invention of claim 5 f'urther characterized by. I '< • ~ ~- ~ 

moans for'stopping the rotors. - I 

. ' 

7. The 

1 '· 

invention of claim 5 further charaoterized,_ by_ 

'. ,. (~ ~04-..~-

,a plunger or the li~e adapte~ when 

~ r::r-J ~).' 

depressed to ~otate a: rotors -.-.. ' I 

~ Tl:f P ~ '" 0 T o '' ' ~ predetermined number o(lsteps. 

~ 

' 

"' 

a. The combination with a cryp~ographillS--:mac-h±1'1e_having 

, . a p~urality of electrical inputs for the characters. to, ~be,_ "'"T' ~ 

enciphered, a plurality of electrical outp~ts for the 

·' 

enci'phered equivalents of said characters,, a viewing panel 

or the like including a lamp for each character, a switch 

~· . 

' - / '"' 

associated with each lamp and with a source of current, and a 

,. 

plurality of oirouits eaoh including eaid source, one of said 

switches, a lamp associated therewith, an input corresponding 

r • 

to the character represented by said lamp, and a lamp , 

corresponding to' the output associated with the last mentioned __ 

input,' whereby the closing of one of said switches wi.~l light a 

lamp . .,representing a character to be enciphered and a lamp. 

rep~esenting the enciphered equivalent of said ?haracte~. 

- ' 

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REF ID:A363367 . • 

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9. In a cryptographf s ~, the combination of a 

plurality of electrical inputs1 for the characters to be 

enciphered, a plurality of electrical outputs for the I 

enciphered equivalents of said oharacters, a s'ource of 

current, a viewing panel or the like including a lamp for 

, . r 

each character, an electrical contact associated with.each 

lamp, a contacting member, and a plurality of normally open 

~ircuits each including said source, said contacting member, 

I 

:. 

i 

one of said electrical contacts, the lamp and input oorresponding 

' to the character associated with said contact,, and a lamp 

corresponding.to t~e output associated with the last mentioned 

• input, whereby a oontact between said contactiing~member and.one \ 

of said contacts will light a lamp representing the enciphered 

equivalent of said character. 

~~~\+) ... 10~ In ~ ezyp6egraph~, a source of current, 

a plurality of " cryptographic rotors, stationaryVinpu~contacts 

\:.: :J w.. ?~ ~nd stationary output oontac~adapted to be connected~variably I ,. -'~ 

through said rotors, an indicator connected to each of said 

stationary contacts, a ~or the like adapted when 

depressed t~~I'~er~-n~~_!rl~,.,, I 

a· switch associated·with each indicator, an additional normally 

~· 

open switch controlling a circuit between -a-1'rede'tJ,e?'J:ni:-lae<~~M't~ 

O...V-~Ww ~~~ contact and,.,_ an outpu-t- contact and its indicator, and a' further 

normally open swi toh adapted to be closed by Bljlid plunger thereby 

to energize the indicator associated with said output only if 

1t, said additional normally open switch is closed. 

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.;::;~.~ 11. In a combination with a cryptographi~ maetri-ne 

adapted to receive input signals representing characters to 

be enciphered and to mix the signals and to indicate to an 

operator both input and enciphered characters, an authenticator 

adapted when actuated to indicate the output character associated 

with a predetermined input character. 

~J-~ 12. In combination with a cryptographiU..maehi:ne=·~· 

adapted to receive input signals representing characters to 

AJd- ~ ~~e--?':4f-.Q....._ •-- ;,.of isn. ......... O~G!..<t ~-CL be enciphered and including a !'e'l7or for mixing the signals, f', 

means for indicating to an operator both input and enciphered 

characters, means for stepping the rot~ and means for 

recording the steps of said rot~, and an authenticator 

adapted when actuated to indicate only the encipnered 

character instantaneously associated with a predetermined 

input character. 

13. The method of providing 81\_authentication for a 

~ ~& ~pl-op.-"--a..t£~ "8:e.0Xet- message comprising characters enciphered by a 1

,stepping - .. 

rotor_;which includes recordii.g the steps of the roto!'.>and 

utilizing the enciphered equivalent of a predetermined 

character ai't~r a predetermined number of steps of said rot~. 

b1.1 

14. The method of authenticating a message~characters 

enciphered by an electrical system ofsbepping cryptographic 

rotors havi~g an input· contact and an output contact for each 

character which comprises providing a circuit including 

a predetermined input contact and an output contact 

dependent upon the instantaneous positions of said rotors, 

and utilizing the enciphered equivalent of the character 

• 

associated with said predetermined input contact for kn.awn 

conditions of said rotors. 

.. 

e REF IDft363367 • 

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·e REF.:A3633. .. 

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·,· 
. ' • REF ID:A3633 • 

This invention relates to a device or machine for enciphering and 

deciphering co~1r,1unications ~nich are to be transmitted secretl;r in coded or 

cr.rpto~raphic form. 

11.raong the objects of this invention are to provide a cipher device 

which is simple yet affords a hi.~h degree of security, is li~ht and readily 

portable, and can be readily disr.asaenbled and rearran,~ed to vary the code 

or deranaed or destroyed to prevent its use by unauthorized persons. 

Another object of this invention is to provide an authenticator 

or means for indicating tha~ a message, which is to be decoded, has orieinated 

at an authorized source. 

other objects of the invention will become apparent as this 

description proceeds. 

In the drawings, 

FiJ. 1 ia a top or plan view ~ith the covers closed. 

I'ie. 2 is a top or plan view on an enlareed scale with the keyboard 

cover and parts of the rotor cover omitted. 

Fi3. 3 · is a side elevation 1d th the covers closed. 

Fig. 4 is a cross section on line 4-4 of Fig. 2 vd th the rotor cover 

omitted. 

Fi~. 5 is a perspective view of the rotor latch. 

Fie. 6 is a_ perspective view of the rotor actuating mechanism. 

Fi~. 7 is a diagram showing schematically the electric circuits and 

the mechanical operating cechanisms. 

. ' 

-2-
. ' 

REF ID: A3633 • 

That enbodicunt of the invention selected from amon1 others for 

illustration in the drawings and description in the specificatlon is as follows. 

Referri03 to Fi~. 7, the device will be seen, in general, to consist. of a 

source 10 of electricity, shown as a pair of dry cells, connected to a pair 

of \.'ires 11 and 12 across which are connected a plurality (fn this instance, 

twenty-six) indicators lJA, lJB, lJC, etc. j These indicators art:1 illustrated . :· 

as beinz electric lamps arran3ed beneath a ~eyboard 14 (see FiJ. 2) and each 

arranged to illuminate one perforation closed by a transparent cover 15 ., 

:1 

beadn,"; one letter 16 of th.e alphabet thereon. :. Acro3s lines 11 and 12 are 

also connected manually operable SlVitches 17A, 17B, lie, etc., each in 

series with one of the indicators lJA, lJB, etc., ztnd each arranged for 

operation by a pushbutton or handle 18 projecting through keyboard 14 along 

;ide of ono·of the covers 15. 

Connected to each of the :i,nili.cators lJA, lJB, etc., is a multicontact electric S\\.itcb, ¢eneral.ly indicated as 19. It co::n.prises a num!Jer t . 

of relatively turnable crypto:.,."Taphic rotors, 19A -..;- 19B, each having a 

. ! 

plurality of contacts thereon and connections between pairs of the contacts 

I 

as shown diagracmaticall;/ fit 20. ;;;ach connection 20 leads from one.stationary 

contact through the cr>JPto~raphic rotors to another stationary contact. These 

connections 20 are i.'earranged each time one of the rotors is turned. 

In lead v."ire 11 is connected a moroally-closed electric switch 21. 

Between· one of the indicators, in this case lJE, and multi-contact switch 19 

is connected normally-closed electric switch 22. In parallel \rt.th wire 11 is 

wire llA containing an authenticatinJ switch 23 havinJ an operating handle 

24. Viire llA also contains a normally-open Bwi tch 25. 

TurninG now to Fi~s. 1, 2 and J for a disclosure of the mechanical 

features of the invention, the device is sh·OYti as enclosed in a casi.n;s 26 to 

which are hinged or otherwise attached a rotor cover 27 and a keyboard cover ... 28. / Casing 26 has an opening 29 throueh the top by neans of which a counter ,. 
REF ID: A3633. 

30 1a v.S.sible. Aa is .a.oat ~dil.y seen in fij. 6,, casing 26 has two projecting 

walls 26A and 26TJ,. The crtpto'Jmphi c rotors 19 are retained bet'\Scen thorw 

walls b7 mechanism which 'Will 1lOif be described. Kall 26A has a hole in 1 t 

t."lrough whi'Cli may be pushed pin' ;>OA havinz a knurled hood 31 an~ a latch J2 

co-operating lt1.th a reta.tning sprtng .33· tJ.sQ pivoted on wall 26A io a 

t$prlng latch 34 o£ U-$hape beiDG 'bent parallel to itseii'. Tho tree end )UA · 

of latcl1 J4 iu por.forated to allow pin JOA to pass throu~ it and bears cam 

surfaces 35 thereon. Stationary catza .)6 hae. a aur.race coz:iplencntary to C8l:!l 

!:\~faces J.5 so that when. latch 34 ia ilBV'icl frca the substan~t.:.Lally horizontal. 

position, in which it ia shown in Figs. 2, 4., and 6, into 1;.he vertical 

pool ti on, in vhich tt io shown in Fi~. S,- the free end J4A of lat.ch 34 is 

moved away- fr<D wall 26A and compresses tbe eprintt con.ta.eta 20A (see Fir.t. 2) ~:::r ~ 

of rotors 19 and loeat<~a the rotors thecaclvea in desired positiono. /The 

f 

mam•&lly operated oeans for rotatini~ the cryptozrapbic rotors 19 will next 

be re.fared to. JL"G seen in Fig. l~ 2, ), and 6, casin:;: 26 has a raccso 37 

in its top into which f'ita a fin3er piece )8 &114vin;;z a ·alidill.t; fit in the 

r.ccesotm and mounted c;>n a red 39. Rod J9 causes U-shaped stirl'U1> 40 to 

tillt'n about its pivotS ifl. wall8 26A and 262. Stin"Up 40 carries as A part 

cam 41. 'Which actuates ioll0ttar 42 i'a&t on e?i.af't !U or counter JO. Gtirl"Up 

40 also haa a t.'(lrt W. to which sprinu 4$ is attached and which carrios cam 

.face. 46. Detant 47 ia pivotod at 48 in wnlla 26A and 26B and iG ittresaed b°'J 

11pr1113 49 so t}1at cam .~O cmgagea cam race 46.. Spring detent15 69 normally 

hold rotors 19 in their relative poaitiona but allows movement. of tl1ose rotors 

under tho actuation or pawl:s 58. Thia pend.ts detent teeth 5l to be moved 

in and out of tho ratchet d&I>reas:l.ons in 'tAle sur.face o.f" tha rotors 19• 

Stirrup 40 carries a pin 52 on i1hich are pivoted a plurality of cam-amd-p&wl 

. devices SJA, ~Jn. SJC,, and 53D which are. t.U'"gGd by springs 9~ against cam 

surfaces 57 or ratchet depr~u~sione )6 (see F'iJ. 7) on rotors 19. t.avice 

S)I\ for azam1,l0, hao a can surface SS and a pawl SB cooperating, respectively, 
.. ' 

REF ID:A36336ft 

with cam. surface 57 and ratchet recessest, 56 on the rotor· l9A. A tang 59 of 

device 53A overlies device 53B so that device 53B prevents device 53A from 

operating unless device SJD is also depressed and operating. 

The operation of th:'ts device is as follows: For coding or decoding 

handle 2h is located so that switch 23 is open~: That push button 18 which 

is associated id.th the desired letter is depressed· and the switch controlled 

thereby is operated. For exaDplc if switch 17E represcntin6 the letter E 

ia closed, connections are tmdc froLl batter-,,{ 10 throut!h line 11, switch 21 

and switch 17E tlu--ough lamp lJE, and llne 12 back to source 10. This action 

also clo~es connectionn fror:i s-wi tch l 7E through swl tch 22 and connections 20 

or rotors 19 to lamp lJZ and thence throush line 12 back to source 10. Laops 

~JE_and lJZ are therefore simultaneously lighted and thu~ indicate that Eis 

to be encoded or decoded as the case may be, as Z and vice versa. Since 

rotors 19 connect all the lanps lJA, lJU, etc., toi:;ether in pairs each letter 

has another correspondine to it. 

For rotatin~ the cryptographic rotors 19 and thus varying the 

connections between the various pairs of la.nps, finger-piece JB j,s depressed, 

stirrup 40 is rotated, about its pivots and the devices 53A etc., moved. 

Whenever one of the cam faces 5S encounters a depression (shown at 55D in 

Fig. h) in the corresponding cara 57 the device 53 ia raoved by spring S4 so that 

the 9awl 58 enters the ratchet depression 56 unless prevented fron doing so 

by the engag~ment of the tang 59 with the next device 53. \';t1enever a pawl 

58 enters a ratchet depression 56, and the movement of the finger-piece 38 

is completed, the corresponciin;; rotor 19 is r:ioved one step. This rearran[;es 

the connections 20 through the rotors and connects different pairs of lamps 

lJA, etc., together. Counter JO is moved one nwneral because follower 42 is 

depressed by cam 41 and spring returne~. Detent 47 prevents backward movement 

of rotors 19 because teeth 51 enter depressions in rotors 19. 

r'or insurine the authenticating of a message, switch 23 is closed by 

snapping handle 24. Finger-piece )8 is then depressed, opening sl'fitches 21 
REF ID: A3633. 

and 22 and closing switch 25. This movemont moves counter· .'.30 . . 

one position and also one or more rotors 19 one step. · Circuit ie . 

closed· fran sources 10, lino 11; line llA, switch· 23, sl1itch 25, rotor 

connections 20 to whichever lamp happene to be paired with lamp 13s. 

Circuit to lclnp l.3S is open. at switch 22. Th(3 designation letter of 

the lamp which ia paired with l3E is transrriittad a.s an authentic~tor, 

an agreement having b~en previously reached by the two partieo·concerne4 

as to the wiring. of tho several rotors 1 ~heh· arrangement in the device .. 

and the number of steps having bcmi taken as indicated by c ount_er JO• 

To ~remove tho rotors 19, cover 27 is opened, latch 34 

moved from the upright position of Fig. 5 to the horizontal poBition of 

Fie;. 6, and ·pin JO vdthdrawn by grasping head 31. This allows cam 35 

to enter tho corresponding groove in stationary cam 36. Uotors 19 can 

then be lifted out and destro-y-ed if. it is desired to prevent their use 

by unauthorized ~orcions •. Or if the cod.e is to be changed the rotors ) . 

can be reinserted in the casing ·26 in a ~ifferent order or thei¥.' · con--

nections 20 changed and the rotors·· then inserted in casing 26, pin )0 

placed in position, latch 34 raised, and cover 27 closed. 

/ 

-6-

I·. 

\ l 

\' 

\ \ 

" l '. \ 

\ I \ 

" \ " It 

\' 

\. 

' 

'\. 

\ 

~ ~ 

'; 

' 
REF ID: A3633. 

l. In a cryptographinJ; nachine, racans for insuring the authent:i.ci ty of 

the message transmitted, said neans comprising, a transposing device for 

transposin;: characters frora text to cipher or the reverse, a finger piece 

connected so as to be operable to move said dev:l.ce into each of its ciphering 

combinations, and indicators, one of which is actuated upon each actuation 

of said finger piece, and which up.on actuation, indicates a selected character. 

2. In a cryptograph:i.n~ machine, l!leans for insuring the authentic:l.ty of 

the message transmitted, said means comprising, a source of electricity, 

electric lamps each connected to one side of said source and each adapted., 

when lighted, to designate one character, a multi-contact electric switch 

connected into circuit between said lanps and operable to cormect said lamps 

in various arrangements, and a second switch nechanically arran;~ed so as to 

be closed when said multi-contact Sllitch .is operated from one position to 

another and to be connected into circuit· between said mul ti~cont.3.ct switch 

and the other side o:r r:aid source i.··hereby circuit is closed through one 

lamp l'Jhich gives an authenticating sienaJ.. 

J. In a cryptographin:; machine, means for insurine the authenticity of 

the message transmitted, said neana comprising, a source of electricl ty, 

electric lamps each connected to one side of said source and each adapted, 

when lighted, to desi;tnate one character, a multi-contact electric sw_;_ tch 

connected into circuit between said lamps and operable to connect said lamps 

in various arrangel:lents, a second switch raechanically arran~ed so as to be 

closed when said multi~contact switch is operated from one position to another 

and connected into circuit between said multi-contact switch and the other 

side of said source, Vlhereby circuit is closed through one lamp, which gives 

an authenticatins signal, and a third switch connected1n series with said 

second switch and said source so as to control the connections therebetween. 
REF ID: A3633E9 

4. In a eryptocraphin~ nachine, means for inrrurin0 the authenticity of 

the message transmitted, said mea.ne compriain.;, a source of electricit,;r, 

electric laltlps each connected to one side of Eaid source antl each adapted, 

wnen li _~ted, to desienate one character, a z:iul tit>contact electric switch 

connected int,o circuit between said lamps and operable to connect. said lam.ps 

in various arrangements, and a normally-closed electric switch connected 

betl!een the othtr side oi' aaid source and each of said lamps so as to control 

the connection ther~between anri mechanically arran;_;ed so as to be opened 

when saiu w'Ul.ti-contact switch is operated from one position to another. 

!:). In a cryptographing maclti.no, means for insurin~ the autl1enticity of 

the ruessage transmitted, said means comprising, a source of electricity, 

electric lamp::; each connected to one cide of said source and each adapted, 

-.hen li,!hted, to ciesignate one character, a multi-contact electric ewi tch 

connected into circuit bot¥."een said lamps and operable to coru1ect said lamps 

in various arrangements, a flecond S1fi tch mechanically arran6ed so as to be 

closed when said multi-contact switch is operated from one position to another 

and connected into circuit between said nulti-contact switch and the other 

side of said source, whereby circuit is closed through one lamp which gives 

an authenticating signal, a third switc.~ connected in eeries with said second 

switch an<i said source so as to control the connections thcrebetween. 

6. In a cryptographin~ machine, means for insuring the authenticity of 

the meosaGe transmitted, said means comprisin~, a source of electricity, 

electric la'.pS each connected to 01e side of said source ano each aO.apted, 

•hen li~hted, to designate one character, a multi-contact electrlc switch 

connected into circuit between ~a.!..d lamps and operable to connect said lBl!lps 

in pairs, manu~lly operable, normally open electric switches, each con.~ected 

between the other side of said source and one: of said lamps, whereby, when 

one of ~aid manually operable switches is closed, circuit is established 

throuih the lamp to which it is adjacent and throucn Gaid multi-contact switch 

and another of r;aid lamps to indicate a cipher character, a nori:ially-closed. 

', 
REF ID: A3633. 

electric swi.tch connected between the other side of said source and each of 

said lamps &tJ as to control the connection therebetween and raechanically 

arran~ed so as to be opened when said nulti-contact switch is operated 

frow one position to another and a second switch mechnnically arranzed so as 

to be closed when said multi-contact switch is operated from one position to 

another and connected into circuit between said. nul ti-contact switch, and the 

other side of said source, whereby circuit is closed through one lamp., __ .· 

which gives an authenticating signal. 

7. In a cryptoeraphing machine, means for insuring the authenticity ot 

the message transmitted, said means comprising, a souree of electricity, 

electric lamps each connected to one side of said source and each adapted, 

when li~ted, to deaig~ate one· character, a ~ulti-contact electric switch 

connected into circuit between said lanps and operable to connect said lamps 

in various arrangements, nanually operable, nornally open electric switches, 

each connected between the other Bide of said source and one of aaid lanps, 

whereb7, lrhen one of said filanuclly operable switches is closed, circuit is 

established through the la.op to which it is adjacent and throu:;;h said r:iulticontact mritch and another of said lamps to indicate a c~pher character, a 

normally-closed electric switch connected between the other side of said source 

and each of said lamps so as to control the connection therebetween and 

mechanically arranged so as to ba opened·_ when said multi-contact switch is 

operated from one position to another, a second switch mechanically arranged 

so as to be closed vhen said multi-contact switch is operated from one position 

to another and connected into circuit between sai.d multi-contact sv.i. tch and 

the other side of said oource, whereby circuit is closed through one lamp, 

which Gives an authenticating signal, and a third electric S\ritch connected 

on series with said second switch and oaid source so as to control the 

. connection therebetwecn. 

U. A coding device comp~isin_;, a panel havint; a plurality of electric-
REF ID: A36334 

switch-operating handles projectillJ therethrough, a plurality of electric 

swi. tches each operated by one of said handles, a plurality of electric lights 

each associated with one of said handles and \1i th a character-indicating 

indicia_, a plurality of cryptographing rotors having .. stationary contacts 

each connected to one of f:iaid lights and having bridging contacts connecting 

said lights in pairs,· an operator having a lost-motion connection with said 

rotors to move said rotors step-by-step, a source of current, a normallyclosed electric switch in series with each of said handle-operated switches 

and said source of current, and a .nomally open electric sw1 tch in series with 

one of the stationary contacts of said rotors and said source of ~ _ 

current, said operator. acting to open said normally closed switch and to close 

said nonlally-open switch upon each step in the movement of said rotors. 

9. A codin3 dev-lce co:oprising, a panel havint; a plurality of electricmtl tch-operatin;; handles projecting therethro~h, :i plti.rali ty of electric 

switches each operated l>y one.of said handles, a plurality of electric lights 

each associated with one of said handles anci'. with a character-indicating 

indicia, a plurality of cr.rptographi.ng rotors having stati-onary contacts each 

connected to one of caid lights and bridzin2 contacts connecting said liehts 

in pairs, an operator havine a lost~motion corw.ection ·m.·th eaid rotors to move 

~aid rotors step-by-step, a source of current, a norm.ally-closed electri.c 

switch in series with each of said handle-operated switche:s and said source 

of current, a normally-open electric swltch in series with one of the stationary 

contacts of said rotors and said source of current; sald operator actinJ to 

open said normally-closed switch and to close· said norrually-epen switch upon 

each step in the I.:loveoei:t of 'said rotors, and a counter connected under the 

control of Gaid operator so ao to indicate the number of actuat~ons of said 

rotors. 

10. In a cryptoera.phin:; oa chine havinE rela ti ve17 rotarJ electric switch es 

therein, r.icans for manually rotating said mtl.tches in~vidually so ao to var; 

the connections therebetween, said means comprisinG, ·a finger piece arranged for 
' . . - ' .... ' REF .ID:A36336. 

manual operation, a pivotally mounted stirrup located under the control of 

said fin::;er piece, .and a plurality of cam and l;awl devices pivotally mounted 

on said stirrup and each Eitressed against a cam surface on;. one of said 

switches and arran:;ed. to enter one ratchet openine on naic,l. switch when not 

. reatrainod t:r said cam surface and movable together uith spJd stirrup to 

turn saJ.d switch. 

11. In cr;p~ographing nachinc having relatively rotar-.r electric switches 

therein, neans for rumually rotating said s~tches individually so as to vary 

the connections therebetween, said neans compris:;.ng, a finger p:i.ece arran;!ed 

for manual operation, a F~votal.ly counted stirrup located under the' control 

of sl\id finger piece, a pluralit7 of cam-and-pawl devices pivotally mounted 

on said stirrup ancl. aach stresse~. against a cam surface on one of said switches 

and arran~cd to enter one ratchet opening on said switch when not restrained 

by aald cam f1Urface and !'.lovable to3et!1er wi..th said stirrup to turn r.;;aid switch 

and tan3s on all but one of said devices, oaid tan~s each overlying the precedibg 

device whereb7 one of said cevice is operative at each actuation· of said fineer 

piece, and each successive device can becone operative only when it is permitted 

to do so by the c:m surface Wili:h controls it and by all the preceeding devices. 

12. In a cryptographinJ ma.chine containing a nu.~ber of rotors, a latch 

for stressing said rotors in position comprising, a U•shaped member of spring 

material havin3 one end pivotally mounted and the other end free for longitudinal 

movement into and out of contact with the end one of said rotors, a cam surface 

on said free end, and a stationary cam co-operating with said cam surface to 

move said free end when said latch is turned abeut its pivot. 

lJ. A cryptographin~, coding or ciphering machine substantially as 

shown and described.