I . 1.;\:f,'" ...... "' \o.' "I 

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REF ID :A67(o,.,. ?a.:: a~ ... ""--

... 

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~ "'~\ , ~ I Jal. ' ... 

... _. . , i' 

~~ t'\.\Ll.~O..... -. ~ ~ 

An lm'PQrtant. obJeci. or th*" ln't'e·Uon le to 111·oylde -

Uld u•et11.1 i"DJtrowmant• 1n e lpher •ohlne1 or orntognpblo •ehaaMHllP la7 what l• aomaon.17 lmow11. aw a proc••• of aub11tltutlon. the 

latte~ be1n,~ aocom,..,lilbed in a •1ete11atlc manner, wo \hat 'he prac••• 

of 1111.b•'ita\ioD ,,,,., 'be ••'Glllltlcal~ reTer•ed in dealpberl.ng 81'.1.0h .. 

eaalphered •••••• tbu reoowrlag tbe orlglaal plaln-11Ut£111L19 •• ._. 

Ia the or7ptogra1,hio mechl!Llllem• referred t.o there i• 111n1a117 

prowldet a k9Jltoal"d of the '\11'9"riter t1pe, wblch con\rol• a ••' of 

•Hahe• oorreQolUlinl' to ••HP aha.raotar•, ud a 1et ot •Spalllw 

4e9l•• •Jalela •'I •o••ld of a ltaak of glow leap• or .._..,. to la410•'8 

the••• ... character• reealtlng from operation of the te71Maar4. !he 

••t of ••ltobe• ot tbe ke7board and the 1 t of 1lgnallng or llldlcatl.ac 

4ewla•• are oonnec'\1ul to ea.ch otber eleatrloall;:r b7 oirault• an4 appar.-

tu la7 •an• of wlalah tbe atoreeal4 nb•tltutloa S1 aooDllpll•Md.• 

...... ~ -

'fbe Ol"J'PtO~aphla prlll0ipl1 ot 8UOb OZ'JP'togr&'Pblc MOJaaal-., 

~ 

wlllDla •111 unlaaf,•r 'lie tanaa4 8l•'PlJ a17pt11trr•Pb•• l• 1'&1184 oa tile ... 

U.1111..._, ot • plur•lltJ or eleotrlcal alrnlte or vatll• llew•a tlla 

••lal tJP9 aow ••11 Jmmra tn th• art. 'l'be• 00111111.tator• an aoanrwatel 

la the fora of flat dlK• 'bea.rlng an a.an'alar •' of' oontaata OD eull r~ • 

2 J 

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~ ; 

lA\pproved for Release by NSA on 09-09-2013 pursuant to E. 0. 1352§ 

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·9 ~ REF ID :A67504 • 

1ad1T14ul oonbctr ot one taoe beiq coaneoted v lanl&wd ooll4110ter• 

P•••lll& tJaroup th• ti•k '° 1ad1't'id:u1 oontaot• of tile other flus• ln aa 

ar'1tnq .ut~· Ia tile llter.tve of OJ'JP'lQP'aplv ne oamntatOl'a 

are oalle& " olpher wheel• • • " ood.ing e7li.._. " • 1111.4 tb• lib ; 

-~. ter purpo1e• of greater 01arU7 1a 4ewr1p\1n tb•1 •111 llere1aafter 

be nterre4 to •• " nb•'U tu1i1on commutator•· " In a ein«l• eJ"JPtO&'r&p]a 

there •7 'M ••.,•ral nob o-.tatore J-ana,._. on a comoa matt. 'fbu• 

•Ma aore than one sub8tUv.iiea oo.•ta1ior 1• uaed. ~be cipher l•U•r o'9-

tialne4 ~· clepns•iJW a k•7 of ilae ke7l>oard 1 • th• renl '\ of the pa• .... 

ot an eleatric&l current al•ng a coJ'tPle% path set up throu.,~ all the 

Just~~oeed sub•titutt~a oomauta~or•. this Je'h '9111fl' oampo1ed of as lllll.n;J 

1ult-iatha :01ned eeqll8nt1~111 a• there are comru,tatore. In other worda, 

there is be1·e n crntog?'1'ph1c effect which 1• 41atL"'IG'tily a. caaoade effect 

ot great complexlt7. 

Cr1ptograph• ot the foregoing 4e•or1pt1on 111.y 'be 41Y14el 

tato two oategorl••· Into o• cat4gor7 ma;r 1MI plaetid. sll n~ 

ba•lns one or more 9'1l\st1\Utioa CGlllllllt-tor• J'O\ata)l7 aoant•d on a •11aft 

lteWMn two f'uecl •DCl plates, ee.ch end plate bearbg an azmula.r ring or 

0011\ac'•• th• l&tter belne: 10 d1P'PO••d •• to ooincide e:sactl~ •1'h the 

....... oa the tac•• of t.i.e 1ub•titution co-tator•. In. crntogra.p)a• 

talli.B@" into th1• catego17 the ke~1Dt" ewitab•• ot the 111ar111all.J' operated 

k~'Mart are cann .. ,e4 \o \Ile oont&cta of OM of \be end platee, while 

... ber1 ot the '** et l8'1ea-tins de•i~• an oonneoted to the anntact• 

\Mrl• •• there are k•J9 oa tbe t•1ltoarct 1• proTided which en.a~•• ti. 

op•ator to iat81'0twtp tbe eolUl9ot1on• ... ...._the two •nil plate11 '1119 

km of ladica,1ng 4e•lae• ml ti. k97lto&rt. •ltohe-• eo •• to p!Orl4.e tor 

eelpherllll' am 4eoipller111C equl'Nl•no7. 

\/ 
REF ID:A67504 e 

1..-• •lllCl~ •D4 pla'\e •f 'he tn• 4 ... rl'Md. t'lllll' l•t,er oon,aota are. 

laowaMr, oollJleetec to tn •Y-'tll• •••••r• ot a Ht of •incl• pel•. 4cnllrl• 

\It ... nitom•. tJile -•r or •1 too• belllf" tlM ._. • 1• 'Che a.ber or 

eoatMt• pro"ftded. oa the -encl 'Plate, a.ad to aon.truated that ihe nl '°h•• 

••4 ~lAte. bei~ wba' i2 ber•i:na:rter deecrlbed and referred 'o aa a 

" rawral:ag o~a.tar " • 'i'1 • fllrPON of tbe reftHing o~•tel' l• 

plate '• eonae otn.r ooa,aet on tbt .... ..C td•t•1 the surNll.t -.. 

/ 

•-• late Ghe nwrabac plat• •la OD8 oonapllHt_. '9th ihroup 1M 

c--1ator• alUl rutva• to the end plate along anotblr patll through tm 

COlllftl°tator•• 't'bue, ln thie aategoT7 of Gl'JP'11«raph• encipher1ngi-4eolpll--

•rill8 .. v.l•alene7 ii effeatecl •ithou1: th• v.• of a nwer•iac •1'\o• 

which i• n•oast&rJ b1 Ol')ptof!'rapha ot the flrat CAtecor)' .. 

la batb catqorl• 1 of er7ptogra:pll• it l• uBUal to pl'O'ti .. 

Mane tor &npl&rQ 4lepllatna or l'Ota:U.118 ttle •~'b.tore. tJ:ae reaecm 

for whtca wiU be ori•tl1 4lMn.•Ncl. It. 1a or,ptoeraplae u'\111•1• 

11U-•tUu.i1oa c._,atora ot tM t7pe da•rlltecl• ao proYhl• l• .... 

tor t.b•ir 11.11galar dil}>lae._at du.rlll4" °'be •eur• of eno1.-.-111s a 

plata-t~ ••••aget the re...i•snc olph•r test will -. mnaealpJta1"atl• 

,/' 
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e REF ID:A67504. 

1-n. ctb~racwr J t~"tt 1•. onl.1 one n.bnitutloa alpba'be't •111 haw 'Ma 

uaed in 'he entire enciphemezit.. I, is well....Uown. that nch 98no-

&lplaalaetio cr,ptOBJ"llm• otter little r•ai,tance to ~~Jl.lt~r.&11•1•. and. 

1n nr~•x •0·1~c-aa1e tbe or1ptogl'apbio ••oMritJ ~t such Cl')ptog"numa, 

factor• o\l'lar tban •r• c,.... ot •lS.-.D\ ot t)e aultetltutian OOll- , 

~ 

'\oton •Yeral '\118• of otJlaer .-Cb111.ft1 bllYa lleen Snwnted 1D wbteb o• 

.or ao~ ot the au\etitutioa eo.autat~• are ~oiatad 1tep b7 2tep wttll 

the el'lClphemtmt oi- dectphet'IHBt of •ach letier,. nt in a. re£Ular .,.41 or 

•••r-lik• •mier. - lull olplMlr llMlh1-• itroYlll• a can.lfideraltle tnareaee - ' , 

1n cr)ptographi~ aecurltJ f tbftt 11, rea1s~Rnce to cr)ptan&11•le) o.er 

tboee cipher ra..11.cbinea lD wbiob 110 &ng1llM- dl1tplacentent ot the n.llati'\'11-

tlon eo .. utetora t""1re• place. but ot!ll not ~ufflcleA' to inanare praetlo&! 

1ad.ecrnta.'bil1 tJ tor orn,ioerarna produc.O. \y the tr uH. !bl• 18 beoaUM 

the lstti"J.de or ~ria~ili\1 ottered b' tbe 1n1betitutlen coaau1ater di•-

- conttJ>UC'le4 tro•:i a 11.odel o~ the ,oipber aaohl1Mh 

U 11 rm oltJH\ ur tnitt l.n-.itioa to WDYide .a ••• ot 

etfeo'\iJ!rC 'the angtllar d1 epla.cemen or roW.Uon ot thl euan1 h.tloa •--

1n1tator• la .. lriegular. ooaplet•lJ •perio41o •anner. there~ Cl'911.'f17 I 

1ncreaeing the Nl11,UC8 \0 Cl':,])'laa&lJ•i• of Or)l>tOC'l'&!d enoiplMnd. lr,J 

crzptogral'lla of '\Ile °'1'9 uecl'1'bed.. 

A oaeic r ... tve ot -:.•1e irl'la11t1.on ii- the pro-'11fl1on 'lt M\ho4• 

and aeane tor controlllUS 't1M &Dg'\ll•r 411plaoement• of '\he aubatitutl.., 
REF ID:A67504 

olartt7 ln 4eeor1pt1ea, OGllllltator• pertoraill8 ~hl• f111111,1oa or o..-

, 

•• •• antrol comata.ter. " • sewral apeo1t10 ••~i•nt• or tile uwte 

' 

, 'lnffllt.1on will be 4e1er1'94. At t•l• JOI.a' 1t •Ul Mrel1 be _,109& 

'' , 

'hat '\he oontrol e._tatora •7 fona •• lr&Upelllent au 'fh79leal17 

..,_..,. ma tM •lt••U11'Uoa ._. .. , ... 1-t •le•'r1oa117 aasoolatet ( 

w.ttia tlll latter s lt 1• J0••1bl• 9 l'lw•ftr• to mate one and. the •-•• 

.ctf 0'1--u.1.or• MJ'ft both aa control c-tatora ..a •u-.ti\uti• -- , ' ' ··¥••• 'here 91118 pt'O't'14ed a.••OOl•W MU.I tleaitmed to kee• t.he cea. I , f I ' tlftil tmMIU01u11 el•ctrtoall7 M'P&r&te h'• 'b• •ulaett'\utlon tlmet l.aa. 

I, 1 ,'; 

/ /"" 

/ / '!'he HMral different •'bo42aent• of "Ute lnYentloa anl the I 11· 

/ , .,.... d' OlMll"&t ton ot tbe .rlou.s feftU are esplalaed ln tbl• apeeitlaaj ~lion lD detail .,.tfiol•t f.02" eoaprelaeadon 'DJ tbOM nlllei la the a.rt. 

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/ lCli;-..P\anaUon i• .... ln OHDecti• •1th the u...-11-71.Dg tn.l_, / I• ...:; 

Pt«. 1 l• a scbemaUc cUagram ot Olle •1~le ealaod1..-a\ bl 

/ which there 1• lhown a tlr&t • t ot omrntlJ.tor• for pertoza1ng n.ntlI I tution tunotiou anti a eeaond eat ot .... -., 4ltf'ere1r'11 conatrute& 

', eonnut~ tors tor fel'fOnlf.118 ooa\rol fmla\lon•. ~-- wl Ul ~M ae1tOelateo I 

,·fl eircuita and eontao't• to~ pro,.r ope:re.tton ot the erntegrflp)l 1 

/ J 

•l«· I 111 a •ob•nat ic 4lagn• or ,. ••t or oc d _. • ..._ 

. 

' •1•• 11u1gned. tor pertDl'lli .. ocua,rol twttone lhlt l• 'M• •-, .... , · 

• l<iJ 

?' 

fJ~ .. i 

J 

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9· REF ID:A67504 e 

r1g. i l• a 101'••tic 4lagna or anotber ealsodi•nt ln which a 

single Mt of double-ring CODll1ltators of nowel ftOn11tneU011 P•fol'll9 

ltotk r ... tione of eult•titu.Uon and control 1 

Wig. fr •howa a perirpeeUw •in of oae ot th•• 4ouble-rlag 

Pig. D l• a ec1'91atlc 41agraa of an.other •bacUment in which a 

sat of double-rtng eOlllllUtatora ie &rr&Jl8W4 wltb aeeocl~t•d BWltohille 

•ehanl• eo fir to pertor• both functioaa ot nlt•titutloa 11\Dd control, 

- without the uH of' " re"fer&lng co.11r111.t111tor 1 

•1~. 6 ie a eohentatic diacrAm of another embodiment in •hie• 

•lg. 1 1• • tob--.tlo t.laaraa of a ..S.lflcsatloa of th• ro .. 

•ho• 1• Fig. I. 

Refer• ing nmr llJ)ealfic•llJ to PSB. 1, •lament• 4••1pa11e4 -

the mJmbera l to 4, inclu•lw. are aub•titutiaa o ... t~tor• of tile 

•12' 1 contllr.'\• on aaoll taoe, tha contact• on on• face 'MlDB oomaaotel 

1rreg111arlJ to the contRote on the ot,ar taoe. Co..uta~or & 1• aleo 

& ftH\ltut ion COlltllUt&tor, llut diften fl'Oll the O\her8 ta '\Mt ODJ.7 

one '"°• ot the co-t-itor llaar• a rs...r ot •oa~•t•, 'he lattll' eoataeta 

' 
REF ID:A67504 

being iotercodll~cted trrefnllar17 in pairs. A curren' •nte 1r.g one 

oontact of the '1¥1• ria.r ot eontacrh 1• ••rel)- carried alGJW • 1nnla~e4 Oonducior to •OM other oontact. "'- •Jal.oil 1t -1'P• tnm 

the e...,tator. In other word• the eurr1t11.t entere the cosmmatator 

•t one o~ntrct l'!ld l••Ye• lt at another, on the Balll9 fAee ot thP 

co.ah.tar. 'l'hie 1• • •-t•tor or the t,.,. nt•~ to R.boWI u a 

re'ftlr•ln« OOllf:lll.tAtor. C01111t1.tator1 '• ' and e are control OOlmnl.tator• 

at •bich 7 and I are •Jllllar 1A pr1nolpl• to subnlt1'tion a-tator1 1 to 4, except 'hat 'b•7 ha'ftt oal) •ix ooata•t• taatea4 ot twenti--

•1z in a rfR« on eaoh fue1 commat..tor 6 11 a re•r1th1C aomata\w 

and ia aiatlfir in )JJ'lltOiple to nwr•brg a~tator E• except tla&t tt 

bae on11 •lx aoutact1 instead ot twent~•iz. 

',bro BubPtl tut toll COllftlltntnr1 fl?:i8 ao'111tecl upon ~ OO!lmDB eha!"t 

20 uoon w·i~~ the' ma1 '9 independently .....,.ularl7 418J>laaed at•l"'i .. 

l/26 of ~ ~~•olu•1oa. 'betw•en flxed end plate 301 ~•d ~eAring plate 

302, '\he latter aer'Wing •r•lJ a• a r~\alaiDC plate and hA•lJC ao eoa-

'•at• or c 1mdu.ctora •UhlJl 1 t. 'The ca.mate.tor• are Hpan.t .. lrJ' 11&'1111 

'Platea 30fp ;506, :S07, and 30I which bu.I' rl- ot twei.ty-•iz eont..c'• 

.. 1\a~l1 4181'0 .. d tor brldf'ine between euec•••l.,. eom1111tator•, ta •rder I 

\ 

\. 

t--ot. ~· eon\rol cOMUt"tora .. re lllO\Ulted U'POI\ th• I'"''" eOMGn aJiaft tiO , I 1 

Ul'On W"l!Ch ' tbe1 a••j likewise M AW6'1l&rJ.1 dhplaced etepwl• 1/6 Of a ~ 

\ 

T•ftl'•tiaa, betwe~n tued an4 plate '°' ud 'bear1nt" pl.ate Z0'3, ti. \ 

\ 

latter serYl1.r m~r•~ aa a r.talnlJlg plate. Jraaarnl• :ot nJld 3lO ..... ', 

' 

l«n"-"• •l*r'l tore •lall!ir in conrtruction And runcUon to Mptt1'a'\o'I'• \ 

• J 
REF ID:A67504 e 

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..... 

motion of the tlu'ee control o0111mtatora i• aawr-11u. COllllllltator 8 

-.i'& en b•lllB llOYed. """'\ of a re•olution tor esch character/Ciphered, ca.-

muta•or' 'r beiDB aoftd l/i at a rewluUon P•-= eaaple\e revolution 

o1 comma.\ator a. and cDlllltltator 6 being aoTed l/6 of a reTtlution per 

complete re'lolu'Uon o! c;om.'1ftltF tor 7. '.this set of thref! co_t,.,tora ha• \ 

a COllfl•t• period (retuna to an initial poritioa) of 21& ; that l•• 

after 2i6 ehftrac1ier1 hit.Te been encipllent or U.iplaere& 1:he OGmllltaton 

retura t6 ~heir 1ait1al relfttiTe rot•tor~ poaitiona. ~'be aeaD.8 for 

ao"fing theae o~ta"tor11 will l>• desertbe4 l>resenUy. '14be ntaeral• 

9, 10, 11, 12, ~mi l~ deeigna.te IU\~"?lat~. here tel'tl\ed sub~tttutionc ... tator seleotor magneto. which when en~rghed, datenine which ot 

either o~ acting directly on t1e comnm:l.t.tore or by releas~ aa actu.at1-og mech1U1i•• which act• dlrec,ly on th• conautator1. llJlllr&l• l~ an4 

15 designate two or a ee' or t•••1t1-six.indic•.Ung deTic•• a·.cb'as gl• 

lRmpa or •~eneta for operatin« a printic aaahtm1-. auell indicating 

deTlcee being well lcnowa in the an. 18eh indicsatlJlg deT1ce oerreepon4• 

to a letter at the 'English •l'Pha-n.t. •marala 18 uu\ 19 4ea.t.pate twa 

- ot a Ht of twenty-11s aingle-p•l•• clouble-tl1row nltoh le'fera operaW 

b~ tne kP.ys of a \ypewriter ke)ooard. -he ke1board tP sl10 pro•lde4witb 

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a un19ertal b-olr 4..o&, which control• .. itch le•ar 17• the fu.aDtion• of wbl°' 

w ll be deecrtt>ad later, and 1t also control• ewitch l•Ter 117 an4 ooataot 

45. ~llLCb control •"f!:IMtt z1. the l~tter ••r•1QC to 4i•plR08-00lml1lta\or I 

01l8 at., J&r depreaaiOD Of lllJ' 't:8J ot tJae a7hrt. "bea OGm11.ia,or 8 

9 

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REF ID:A67504 

Mk•• a oca:plete re•olu\i-. lt olo•• oon\ac'\ U wbloJa eoa\l'Olll 

...,._.. '=• the lat,er aer .. 1ne- to dt1~laee eG1111B1t~'or 7 or.a e~ep 

per I d•p?1!1ta10 i• of 071 on the keyboard.. Whea COllBUt.•+.or f 

·~"k•• ,. CG111>le'• re~lll tloa 1\ al••• ooatae~ M whlalt oon\nla ....... 

~. th• l&t.'•r .erdng to d1spla4"e ocmeutA1ior 6 onu utep ner tw•\J'-•is 

deoreHlOnP- or \he k•1• ot the ke1-boal'd. Contact• SI Rnd ~ an operated b,;y roller• on •prinf: lner•• lf'hwH roll•r• aon.111 rtcle ,.... ''-

pcripheri•• of OG191nltatore f IUMl 81 ~ut •' a .. rtalft point on each 0011111&t&\or 

t~•r• 1• ft trans,er.. •lo\ ~hlcb allOlfl ~ roller to drop euf'flel9D'l1' 

to olo•e tl'Je eon tact ooncu·necl. Ot OOU'•• the• three o~:tatOl'9 

could be d111T>laa.ct MO.,.ntcal11. 1V •••et fttohet• eat PAl'l• an4 

dlr•ct control troc tbe 'llJliYerafll °blllr ot the t:.,ward. ~o \he rip' 

1n 11;;. l 1.s 111'own ar: end d8 e1e-.at1e et tbet •nd "PlAt• 1~ wbte• 

adJoine control eCllmtlt~to~ 8 on the exit taae of \~~ ......,tater. 'Mia 

whole line• ft)UM th• ooaihaotora l•r..ctlng •&J Ina \1- •lz ooa\Mt• • U. 

rigb\ e\de or \be end plate ~; the 4otta4 line• llhow , .... oondaoton 

leading trfJI '11.• l•tt eld• et end plate I06 Sato ean H'"'• a. 

k•iDS' aow partloalar .. ,.,.... to !'lr. 1. •l \b a •f'l• 

to «1Y1111' a GllllPl•H dtt.o.rlpUon ot t:be aott• of thl• ton1 or th• 1aYe-

'toa. the .. ...- ot e'Mtli:• •hleh 'l'IUMIPiN 4urlnc th• enetpJaenent ot 

'h• plain-'-' l•H•r• •111 be nlate4 l11 &etaU. lD ortiar to -t•r 

a ••118«9. It 1• -•••1'1 firs\ to.,., '" --.atntora wpam tlle .._,. 

aeeoralng to ••• pna~r....,_4 order. l\ be11'11" obTloua th9' owuhtor• 

10 

/ 
REF ID:A67504 

1, 2, 3• an4 4r ._, be lnt~rcb&nge4 in )IOdtloa UIC>ft« tli•l"l•l••, aa4 

eor1utator11 7 and I """1 lte tn·erch..-41 .,_t,,,tor• 5 an4 6 llWlt 

and cannot "Ile replacecl bJ the other oo.ntfl.ton or '1 each other. 

Nest it 1• nece•1&rJ to alli'n the H'ftral co-\lttol"ll, aa reg11J'tla 

'\h&tJ' rel11ttn rotato17 po•ltlou upon th• •baft1 ucor4lng to a pnAl'J'tmiSed key. After all thl• bu bea acccmplt•h .. , ula pawer •ttell 

S6 ie aloHd, •tting up a olrcult a• foll•• 1 1l'OB •tte17 16 to elo..C 

nitch 361 conductor fl, cont .. c'\ leYer 171 010 ... cantaat 21. ooncl•tn 

the control acmsatator unit 'fl& the route thzvvg"1 I, 310, 7 • 3ot, 

6, 309, v, :1uo, I a.a 1aclicM.te4 to contan 28, ,._. a>.911g •oa4•~ 

38 to eelaator -.nei 10, cond110tor 43 and '-* 110 llat,e17 16. Wben ~ 

10 ta .-nt-.riJ.1 energiu4 it eau••• l!'ubatltutlon. c.-utt.\or 4. to 'be 

4hplPLced ft.1'181llarl1 through l/16tll ot a rewlutton. !he .-chine la DOW 

reads tol" enolpllarlag. It the le'\ter : 1• to be eneiphen4 1 1111• 1111J 

corr s")ondlng thereto ltt depN•H4. At the befrlnnlltl' of 1\• -.nar4 

trawl the 11nlTereB.l bar ~ oau•• eontaot lew~ 17 te •• __,. tr• 

corr,~1ct 21. 'rbe te7 bar A ca11eee oonhct leww 11 to break contaot. at 

'6 ~rJd. to •k• e!)ntaot at •• aettiag up " atrc tl't a• tollo•• 1 rr. 

bat°'el") 16 along oonc1.t.r P..J to olo•4 oontl\.ot 22. oonte.t 1 ..... 1' -

conductor I& to a contact 29 ln Pn4 plate 301. thenae 1a'o ""'8tltutltlll 

comut~.tOl" 1. thr~-h the cormtat"'Ltore Md Mnu tore 1, !\0~ 1 2. 9069 a_ '°'• 

4, z~ in.to ft."lct o-.. t or rewr•1ng e-.u.ior ts, 'b-~alt '1!Tough eepa.r:111ior• &Ill 

11 

!t.. - .... 

" '' 

./ 

.,..,, -
REF ID:A67504e 

retura •lone condwstcr .26 '\o contact l••r 11, rontact t?, tbence to 

tr.dicnting daytca 14, which in this drmting OOl"reepond.e to tbe l•tter 

q,. condua.1ior 41, and "ot "to lla·hery 16. J" tb9 end ot 'lha 4owmar4 

and clo1ee cont~ct 4e, aomentartl7 clottur ~he o1~c1lit tor energising 

••g?aet 31. !Chi• cau•• CDntrol comnRl:tator I to be M@'Ul$.rl1 lteplaoe4 

throueh 1/6 of a reYolutloa. When to, A ie releRae~. •he u.ni'Tet"•&l bar 

4t- le ret· ~nad to lt• nonnnl poeitlon b7 a retraattle eprlng and eont.et 

•1 tch a. le Yer 17 • eoatact 21a oon4actor 26 to eorrhct 2"f ot flze4 eat 

pla.ta 804. Du ~o \be •acul• 41•J'l&e81118nt ot eoa•l'Ol c_t,·tor I tba 

ourrai4 •111 ncnr tr&Yer .. a a.. J&th thravgh '\lie oontrol nit and ll&ok -.. 

•oee other contact or ea4 plate 304. troa whence 1~ ,... ... through one of 

the •1.ator •fnets 9 - l:S, to batter;r 16. cauhW" OM o~ the aultsti tu'Uon 

c-.,·-tor8 to be cliaplaced, and thus p!'OYiding & - aulaft1 tution alphabet 

tor t~.~ eno1p·~•J98n'\ or tl'\a aezt plain-tut la\ter. 

arranged. anc1 <gne4 at tbe llencb •lit aeeor4lng to th• pl"Mn'.,.... kq 

alld nttoh S6 1a clo"4. •llereapoa n'8tltu11aa c-..ta'\or • le -.-1&1'17 

41•plaee4 a• hareinltelor• 4e110ribd.. 'lhe k•J' corretlPOBll8'r ta ~he ctpber 

letteP Q i• ap~a...s. uioit oauee• eDll'MOt lenr 11 'o 'b.reM eoatan 

12 
REF ID:A67504 

at 4.'1 r.nd 10 •k• conttt.at at 42 c"uaing cnarrea' to flw r:roa latte1:7 

16 ·uu•nr:ta conduc\o!' ~;.. •l•Mcl coataal 42• eoa'tac'\ lewr 11 and. 

conductor 26 t.o cont.act 30 on end plate :SOl or the eubatltutton 

OO!l!!ftltat.or unu. 'l'he eurren't P"••• into and 't'hrOUfph '\he latter along 

one :P• th ar-d retumP ialone anotbel' oa\h •• 4•"rUae4 before s l t -•• 

at eont11.ct 29 on en.d. plate 301 •ir d flo• along conduc'\or M 'to con1iaet 

1&"191' 18. eloee4 oonuct "6, to lndtc•atng 4••1• ie. whtch oorMt.,..S• 

to t;,e lettttr A. '.Uae lllllffrsal bar 44., operatecl 1- the depre1tttl011 of ti. 

k•J oorreepondinf' to t~ letter ~ olo• • ocHatan U at the en4 of 1•• 

dmrnwanl tl'f 'fel an4 oauee ao11trol oo.n.tr-tor 8 to ad'Yenee. .,._ the 

lre7 correepondlng to tbe letter Q b released, the 11aiYeres.l lier " 

return• to lt• noraal position. 0"1Le1nt' cont.qt le•r 17 w reeata'bli•b 

eontaot at 21 \JaeregpoD 0•11•lrlif!:' • nh•tltutloa ocmaat .. tor to •• to'l'W&l'4. 

•• cleacrl be4. 

Ia r1c. l tbtt coa\rc>l 0091nltator• ••re pro•id.t wltb rinse ot but 

•lz oontnct surtaoe• ea eaob fP..ae. •mna• \he •"•'Uu,1oa o~'"''OI'• 

.. re pro•ided wttb rlnga ot twenty-els oont"Ci 9Urtaoee. Yh~re i•• hCRre9er. 

na re•Pon •b1 tb• nb•U 'uUon '-r.u1 tba control 8-t11.'\on 8boul4 not be 

14ent1c~l '" tbie l"egf'rd, thU• pro•td1nc tor their lr.terolslsngeald.lt-&7 anct 

11"9atl7 iDCre•~tnc tbe ke3lQf" pou•1~1lltl•• ot tbe 017PtOl'l'AJla• 

In :Ilg. ~ 1..t eh.nm ~.uw t~ a homolC)f"o-...o •l•ent• d 

•s.g. 1 ... , be llOd.lt1e4 to accortpl1•h \hi• etteot. :r.-.4 ~late =O& ..a 'UMI 

OOlmtlt"-tora 6, Y, I now 'Har rlnge or twe\7-9lS eontute 1n•tea&-' 

l:S 
REF ID:A67504 

rtas• of onl7 •ix oontaetw. Oontact !7 re,.1~1ne a •lngle cont&et for 

tbe entrance of the CU!'rent into the control o~tatora l•aYtng 

tMlltJ-flT• ooatact.s on •1111 pla.te S04' tn the -rc•no• of the ourna\ 

fl'Oll the eoatrol eana.'llUtatore. The.. twenty-ff Ye ooatact• are the& 

Je1M4 la f'lw ..... ot flw eodaot1 •aoll, to tile r1 ... coa&uetora 

31, ze, "· 40 and fil. Other groaplnge ln re.,.c, to the nmllen 

Ptr d identl \iee ot co11tac~e oonet U.'~ ill{~ eacb or the f1. -Ye groupe _,-

lt preferable, or thir ru;r 'bl n.b,Ject to ftrlatioa. uoor41n« to a k•J'• 

'!'he arrangement •bown ln P1F• 2 pro•idea a 1eauenee or 

ke7l111l' lapalr•- which will not ~· to rep~at 1111t11 control cami1atatow 

I hae llJ\de a COf!l~lete re'r0l•t1on, or after 26 z II a 26 : lf ,676 

4epre .. 1ona or the 'Uni'Yereal bar, corr•P~ondtng to t~e eTlOlpherraen~ 

ot exact~ 17,~76 letter• or plate-test. Du.e to the lrregalar 11&11118r 

ln wn-.ab the tnternnl connMtlone or tbe control oomn.tator• are ..... 

tb• aub1tituttoa c011Dutatora •111 be oau .. d to ro·ft~ ~brtRlllll 1llll4l1Ull 

angle•, '° that wben the ..... 0101• ol tbe aontrol en atator -'' 

1• ..... the aligam' •f the nb•tlft.H.oa •~'a\on •lll 41fter r... 

it• 1nit1al &11gmeat. Aa a eon•et1•na• of thi• an &liCJIMnt of tae 

11U"8tltuttoa eomaat~tora ~ perlacl of \lie 1eq1W110e ot .. ieottoa et 

n\aUhtion alJ)P'bet• •111 1te «Hater tllaa. 17 ·"' lit' •- altltala 

ot tat -lMr, depea4tng 1lPoa the •1rlnc ot the \hl'M ooatnl e-'a'-9 

Md. tile Mimer in wht.cb. 't!ae c•U.Ota of •Jld. plate SO& are o-.'94 te 

\lae •lector ...-u. 'l'bl• au ... tlntioa JJ81'1od 1• therefore - of .... 

1• 

J 

, 

: 
REF ID:A67504 

A th11'd tom or the 1r"fUD1tOD 1• Kh ... tleall.J' Hplatet la 

.Plpre I. 11'• a or1•tograpie •\r..nQoia't tile .. Matlal tltr.r_.. 

'8tweea thb tom aa4 \he tirn cleserl bid. tona 11•• ln tb1t v.t1llsat1• 

Ot & 81.!Jl"l4 C09'!111t&tor unit• whlch 88rl98 'botb &• a tnlbstltutton Oemtftltat91° 

bJ tnclr.>entcnt, c011Centrlo r.1JllC8 ot contact• '-'1'1119 •the .- 9-taUra. 

la 'fie• 4i 'I.ht.re 1s •ho• a aid• •le• ot oae RID1I ._.ta,or. la tlal• 

figure '\her• h ori ef..<"b tao11 <>f tb.e comm.tat•• aa outer rl!IS of -...7-

da equd 11rtant eon tact a. ot ithlch, for the •*• ot olul t7. 0ll17 •IZ 

1nd1oate4 1:w a1111&ral '8 are sha.n. ~rd a coneentrlc lnaer ~tJlf; alee of 

twent,-u.s eq..:.16 ~ s't.11.nt oon:taot• or •h1eh anlJ •lz in4191t tet 1'7 11w1raJ. 

49 an abDwa. •Jbe oontao't• '8 ot tha out•r r.i.c on o• faoe an lrftll'l}ar~ 

cOAMot•4 b;,' insulai.ed aoaa·~tura fiO tn the oontaot• J,411 of the Old• ft11c 

are lrnplarl1 oanmateA 1t1 baRJ.ated. oon4uatora lee> to the Mfttuta lolt 

ot tbe timer rtag on. t~• et!wr f,.,09 ot the (·-a'\or. 'l1'e \wo r1-

aN tb•reton •tlnl.J 1....,....., ot eaeh other• UacnrP , .. ,. are llotla 

earned on •a •~ o--.t•tor. CC>11111111ta\ore of \hb ,,.,,. •111 he•la•fter 

~;i.. 

-· ' .- . l:Jl, 112. l,1~. 10& 1tlUl lo.I 4••1,--t• 4oaltii...il'JI' eoaa.tn~or• __ _. 

OJl a OOlllO& Uaft 2D• ..,.rat•& 1'J .. pafttOl"e He. 306• 30ft a.I ... . 

••• &1'41 t>ro•llled to nu•• the oomm\t" tor• to be olowl1 •n•_. ....... -

11 

-' ' 
REF ID:A67504 etl1ts &'!tpfLl'F tor• eo '\hat po•lti'I• eleatr1c.i ••\Ao' ~ be •4• llei ... n 

adJoinl~ comutl\tora 11.nd •PAMtors aftd lMnnen a-ta.\ol' 101 aa4 

end plate 101. ,• •14• eleutlon of end pl.aw 301 le deplct•d. at the 

left in r.-1pre 3, ehowiag the oannecUoa• be••• the ooateot• '\her._ 

•nd the ••lector ... t. '· 10, 11, 12, anal is. !'be 4ottet u.111 '\hrcnrgll 

the o_.t"'tor1 101 to 10f5 1nd1oataa the t>Ath ot the current. tbrovsll 

\he limer r1118• of eoa'6ot• wbUe tba conUa•u line •iic• the patll 

throutrh t lll outer rill6 of oont'WI'•• 

'!he seq11enco ot e"Ten1 a duJ"1nir ~bl enoiphe1'118nt or a l•t~•r 

b ae tollcnra : Whan •in •itch 36 ia c1os.-A. at \hit c~m ot 

operl'I. tton. ,. ct,.e~1it ts ae'\ up au follow• 1 Proa '"°''tel'J' 16 tbroup 

closed main n1tch 16• oon41MStor 61, oon\&ot lewr 17, ololl84 aon1act 

21 1 eoDd.uctor 251 imwr-rilllfl comae~ 127 or en4 pl&te SOl, lnto c-V.tara 

101 to 10& '\nd ou1i ot th4tm along broken-U.• pa.\h to another 1nner-r1zrc 

oontP.et 128 or end plR ta 1'01, tbeace alOJril eoaduc'or se. tbro"Ugla •leotor 

-e'ftO't io. along oondu.otor a, lN\ok to 'batte17 16. 1'ben ••leetor 111\gMt 

10 b 11omea'\r .. ril.1 energ1•4 it cause• ccnnu.t"l\ol' lo&v to be AJ\!'Ql.Al'~ 

41aplaced 1/26 ot ·~ rewlu.tloa, tbu• .. tung 1' a pa.t.h 'UlrOYl611 the c~ta­

'\ort tor endphering the fir•- letter. •"1 letter a.. "'hen k•: J. le depreaHd, 'lD-lftrBA.l tmr 4' is caUMd '° "°"• d_,..n, aoYing oonta.ct l•Yer l' 

aq tna contact. 21 imd allow1ne curren' to pu• trom 'Mtte17 16 •lOIJf: 

conductor 23• 't.'i!'<>uch cloud contact 22, contact J.ewtr 18. e0ftduot01' u. 

o~ter-rtnc cont~c' 29 or end plate 301. 1n\e the OOlllllllto.,ora through wkto1l 

1 t tell•• tbe cont1noua Um Am return• "Tia ou:ter-riag con'taot SO ol -' 

plate 301, conduo1or If., can'6ot l••r 19, •loa" oontact 4Y to :l8Udat4••floe 14, conduotor g u4 laok \0 "8.·U.e17 16. ,\fter the let-ter Q. eoneepoadtnc to !ndicll.ting d•d.• 14. bu bHll ncord4td. k•1 A l• :rele&HI& ..a 

11 
•• 

REF ID:A67504 --

normal po1tt1on contAct 21 1• •loeed r•••tablt••l:nc a circuit \brOQCb t'IHt 

1naer-r111g oontac'• or the e-tator•• M c~tl\tor l~ ~•ing --

d1•plaoe4 on entlrelJ new pa'b tb,rovgh tbe ,....-.,.,.. 1• now a'tail•bl• 

tor ••1»Mr1ns U• letter '• lt lt la 8«'11n to lHt 11iotphe:nd. 

uin ni tah Si aa betore OQMe a current to now tbraacta one of tH 

inner-r1118 contacts 110 •leetor magnet io. aovtnc ~tator 10.S OM 

batt•r:t 16. cloaeo .. 1,ch ~6, eonductor 28. clolll!ld con.tac~ 42. ootd&ct 

l•'Mr 19 • conduc'\or 2e. outer-ring "oat11ct '°• thence aloig the conttnuea. line into. thrcueh and bectk tb!'0118b tbe co..-.tatorw • ...._~ at 

01ater-rlng contact 29, ewdvctor 24, ... tact l••er la. olOMd eoa•ct 

"'• tmt ic&'1ng de.tee is. cern1POndtnc w tit• le't:ter 1, clold.•tor "*• 

a.k to \tAtter1 l&. '111• key Q h releaM4. uni wrU:l lNtr 4" re'*"'' "9 

1 t• normal po•tUae and &pin a o1rcui t b •ta-.11 dlll thl'OU€b the t.merring eontacta or tbe e~tBW.r•. kt atnoe o~awr 10~ ha• 'be4n d.iaplaoat., 

a new path la BOW ••ail~ble tor tee-1,as.r1J18 the let'ler Q tf ~he q key i• a.gala 

4epr••••4. 

The J)&riod of tl1e ~•quenoe or alphnbet t>elvcticm :prod•Jce4 117 ••• . ' 

arranre~ent ia urill'.l!le and •111 4epen4 upl'lrL 1'our Ta.riable t11.c'\ore. D&llll-IJ' 

lV 

.. 

J 

.. - - I " 
REF ID:A67504 

(2) tbe horizontal permutation of these eOlllllutatora on the 1b&f't ; 

(3) the alignment of the c0911tators an4 (•) the manner in which the 

inner ri.J.lg of contaets on end plate 301 are connected to the 1aleetor 

magnets. 

In Pig. 5 the invention as regards double-rilJ8 commutstor1 

to perform subetitu.tion and control functions 1~ embodied in a cryptogr~ph of the firPt eategor) &e briefly described in generel terms in the 

first part of this epeeificRtion. It will be recalled that in cryptograph• 

~t this-category, there are two eQd platee of identical construction and a 

reversing fwitob which, #ben ~et in the enciphering position, com:iecta the 

switches of the key-board to the C•>nt:J.cts of one ot tlle end plates, •8.7 

the right-end plate, and the indicating deTice1 are connected to the contact• 

of the other end plRte, say the left-end plate ; while when set in tbe deciphering position, the reTersing switch reverses the order of connection• 

between the s•itches of the keyboard, contacts of tbe end plates, -.nd the 

indicating deTices, so thnt. the keyboard swi tchea are now connected to the 

left-end plate and the indicating deYices are connected to the right end 

plate. 

Accordingl1 in Fig. ~ there is sboWD. a ke~board 62, a 

bank ot i~dic~ting de9ieee E3, a le£t end plate ~01, ~ ri.gbt end plate 102, 

anO a reversing switch 54, to~""etner with other parts homologoue to those sbown 

in the precedinr. figures. Only certain of tbe keys of tbe keyboard and 

certtiin of the indicating devices of the bank of indicuting dev!ce1 a.re 

sho.n in circuit relation~hip, it being understood that the remainihg ke7a 

and indicating deTic•• are conneeted in homologous mannar. 

18 
e REF ID:A67504 e 

' t.h• •Uch 56 1• nt to ucipering po1U,ioa, •blcb attar,ge• toT' ctr0111t 

cont1n.l'1-aloZ11.r the conti'IN01ltr Une• 65 to 11. 'lM •in •lnh 16 l• . *"' clolri aad a -ctroutt 1• ••taltliehe4 a• follow• 1 la'\wr1 16,. e1Hll4 

..,ltc'b •• aon1haotor !11 ut•H&l bar nitcla lewr l'• alo•d oon:taot 21. 

co"lductor 2o, 1naer-r1ag contact lt'f of rl~ht end plate 3021 tbnuall 

the ·-'•tor mit, to 1-r-ri:rrg •ontaot 1• of left •114 Jlate mi. 

••a41Msi:or 38, Hl•ctor Ugmt io. oonductor 4.1 llllek to 1*tte17 16. a ... 

11\l'tfltor 104 la angul&rlJ' 411aitlaoe4 one 1tep. i.1 j, 18 now clepre...a. 

~- cll'Olllt throueb the :lJIDel'-rlng ot oontact• ot the oo-ta\or• 1• aos 

woten, a• 'mll wnal liar 6' llnaka \he oontao'\ at 21.. At the ... U• a 

oii'c1d.\ 1• ••t"bltebed tM-o,.i. "hi oute......,tac at eonwct• of tm ...,_ 

•u\atora a• tollo9• 1 Ja'ter1 16• 010• •itob 16, --.'\Or u. oonuat 

lewr 11 opera1e4 -,. k•J A. elo... ooatao• 21., aon4uotor •. tllr'Glllll 

eoataat n ot r~t Miil pla\e aoz. irate an4 tbroacb 0Gm11tr..ton 1061 1069 103, 

102, 101.. ft& 'Mir •ter-:l'laC -ooat&O'•• an outez-riJIC eon\act Ill et left 

..a plate IOl, oO'Dlaoto_. Ml to the re .. r•tnc •1 tah M tbrougla tbt ~''• 

&long oondu.tol' 111. tbenc:e along c·;nductor Kl• ln41~attng d•-wle• l•t nr. 

reepond1og to '\n6 lett~r Q.. ctJm!uctor 4-3 ~':l b•U•!'J 19. ""hea key A 1• 

releaM4. uiwral ~r M return• to lt1 ao,..l poe1t1on. nesta'bll8h1ng 

eonua-. at !l. .'«ala a oarrem now• throvgta tbe S.er rlllg oa111tMie ot 

tbe o~ta,oru. eat.ertac a'\ oontact 29 ln1.t now w:rgt.ng at - ...._.. ... 

.. O'her tban 128 Oil left end plate S019 81ftOll com.atator 106.. .... .... / 

placed.. 1. nle'tor aagnet 1• •nnslsecl. and a nn -petb b Ht up r. tlla 

,. ..... ot tba next enelpl'Mlrbrg osnat 1f '- 1 a apln tepre.-. · 

19 

/ 
REF ID:A67504 ~ 

Ia 01·der to effect cleciphenMr.t. the N'feJ"Pinr ni tch M mut 

lie Mt tor the deot:pMrlnC hllctlon. lfht• cait•• the path• thro11gb tm 

N'ftl'81Dg fti 'Ch E4 to follow along tbe da"ted. l:ln.ell lneteac\ Of along tM 

oon'\1D011• line~. !Jle operation t.edtat•lJ nlt•eq.1W11' to •loelag •ln 

n1-. II 1• now aao\11' tlle a&Me ae \\efo"• Yhen the encl)ahen.ent ,,~ letter 

A wft• de•arlbed. ':"ht' 1• llecau•• the ctro111\• to Uae ••leetor lllSf'ftllt• are 

a•aociated with the lnaer-rlag cmatRcte ot 'be ..... tetor•. &114 th• .. eontaot• are n::it ooll!lecUd. to t1DJ of the OODU.Ot• la '\he rewrelng •iwh M. 

In the tlr .. t enolpherlng operauon. the l•'\ier .J. ••• enolplaered 'b1 Q. 

~. 4ee1phel"Mnt of Q will aa. lie tallowed.. Dllpree11lng the Q ke7 Cl!ll1P89 

ul wr1al bar "4 to Weak the otraui' at 21. u 1'ef•N• 1-at the •"'l»Bt! tut loa 

e1re1d.t 1• now part..1)' dltterent troa what l'\ -. wbea lca7 A ... depre•ee4 ta 

enc1pheftl'l8nt. !he ctrcult 1• now •• tollmr• 1 Jatte17 16, cl• .. 4 11Witeh 36, 

cond.uotor 2~ 1 coatRat leYer 19, cloaed oontaot 4!1 aond.etor 2!, thr~ 

rewerelng ""itch e• rJ.a.nr: oott•• path 2!7, aenctustow 241, outer rtnc con't••~ 

229 of left end plate zo1. 'h:roueb tl}e ou.t.r-rlc con.tsot• ot tbe oaaa11taton 

w "t.n o-u.ter r1n« contir.c' 29 o · ripb.t end ;>la'9 302, conduato:r IM, tltrotlilb 

n.ereinc •wit.ala !Wt alone clot te4 :path 256, oonc:.wrtor la, ind.lea ti~ de .. le• 

.&., cona·ctor 43, to bat~er116. !llue Q 11\ o1pla9r 11•148 J 1n plain l~. 

A fifth embod.t.ent ot the 1n•enti~n ui111ze• •l11gle-rtnc oonmitatOI"• 

to •rTe llotJa a• n'atH11.Uon co...a~tor• flr.4 0011trol eoamte.tortt bJ' -.. of 

a .,... 9Wi\ch of tweotj-•~Z contacts 1neerted. i• t:be cirov.lta 'llro1llh ti. 

oo.mitn.tor~. l'lpr• • •Jaolf• a •ahlmatlo 41agraa or thi• ,. ... o'l ,. l..,._ 

ttoa. 
'REF ID :A67504 

of th9 p-.r awiteh ucl rela;• wbicb will m C.901'11114 pre111111t11. the 

el .. nta •owa tberelD are 1ia1lar 1D ooaa,notloa an4 funotloa to tbl 

eornte"'rind:•c elo·ler.'• abon in ':.be precedinr t1gurea. Gang nL'.cb. e 

•11nl trneo-.HlJ nnd "t the t'&..1e tlae •tlnc &DOther Ht ot tvent1-•1z 

oonttLCts •1 ul ~aneouai,. tt 1• operated 'bl •pet 83 and a.aaoctatecl 

nl&jt• 'ha aetioa ot th1• to:ra ot tb• lnwnUon ls ae tallow• 1 At 

tbroup nl&J• 113 aDd llf•, &P follow• a a"917 16, oond:aotora 2s, 

111, ew1 tell l•Yft' 17 • olo•4 c ontaot '12., oondDOtor 112, nlaJ'• 111 u4 

llf, conductor 12', to 1latte17 16• Rela7a US and 114- are ene1glM4. 

oau8lft6' ar-~turea 80 Md 108 to ••t~ltliab contact at 81 and lot. re•-

peeuw17. »1 _... or a •ohanloal lootlas ar~nt, oaoe ar.ature 

80 ba• been e.ttrac\eel 'bJ relaJ 113 the ooata.ot ••\11.'tlltai...4 at 81 b looke4 

utll released lt7 tbe aoUoa ot N181 68 J •lallarlJ wben. al'll•it'\D"e 108 ot 

1'818.1 114. ho.a been loolut4 lll\O OOD.'9.o' POlit.lora at 109, it 2"t.V• loob4 

uat1l relAJ 110 I• eae1g1aed. coa .. quent11. al~h oontuc' T2 11&1•' 

be a101e4 In order to ••tabll•h coat&ct at 81 aacl lot. after tbe latter 

oonte.c.te lw.Te 'been ••'•-lithed \he~ •111 reriain DO •Ten 1r contact ?2 1• 

w "'•u1e1 contaet lewr 17 to mal"e co11~ct wttb ouatan 219 •t\llC 

up tb• following olrc1d t1 fl'oL1 •,n.roe ot pow r 16 th.augb oomluoton •• 

111 and contQOt. lewr 17• w o10M4 oonta.ot 21 \hro\ll'b con4wstor ft -

loakwd l•ffr 80 of Nl&7 llS to cuntAot 81. thonce th!'OUf:'h oGD6aD'1Dr M 

11 

'. ( 
REF ID:A67504e 

tllro'Qlb ....,. .. uob memt 81 llJld coiaduotor• 111, 124 1laot to woe ot 

power 1tt Wh9D BUl-•1\ah 19B'Mt 83 1• eneql1M4. anatua • 1• 

attnotec. OAUlJJC ... RitR 8f tu di ..... a lanr Rt of '"'1t7-alz 

oontaot• and. to •DPP • upper Mt ot twn\7-•l• oontao'•· Dwl tob 

leMn •• 188• 188 1 =su. 488 and 618 are flft or the en ot twentJ-•IZ 

•UtlJl l&Yera OOAt.l'Olled. "1 •blllC •lteJa •1 .. t .. te IO, 190• 80• 190. 

-4r90 ud 690 an tlw ot tbe Ht ot '1ren'J-8ls lower coat,.ct• eoatnllef. 

lly tn~ •itch l•.,..r• of tJae «NC •l toJa •• aontact• 11. 111• 211. m. 

<&tl aatl 691 are fl w ot t'be "' of t1r•V-•1S upper eontaet• ooatrolletl 

b) tht! ""1 tch lewr• of tl:le trnnE • i \c:b 88. Tivferri. te coniact• tl an4 

ltl• •hlala ba'N leea eloae4 ~.J ••rg1alntr Pllfl-Rl 11Ch Mgllet IS U ao'el 

•6JOft, \ore l• .n up a o1rou1 t •• toll•• 1 tna ..._... or pa1rer ia 

'4ro11811 ecm4uct• n \o 010..a •oataot .ti, f the kq A •tlll 'be11W 

Upn•Nd ) tbro1111a ooataot leffl' 11 A1ld oaadllawr 119 to Gl•M. on.tao\ 

91, tlarv\llb ooatut lewr 88, u4 ooDlluotar 76 to a 0011tact !t on elld 

plate IOl• c~at•n alld ••par•ton 1, soe. 2, ICJI• 1. SOT, 4 9 IOI, an1 

I. C-.attitor 6 La ft rewr11.Ji8 c~tator, Wld 1. uretorw, the ftr'nd 

co•• llaok tbro•h tbe o~tiaior• an4 •para\on 6• ... 49 I07 • I, '°'• 

2, IOti, i. aa4 returu to n4 Jlate ao1. ••l'Sle at ooauot SO oa .a 

plate IOla \haoe alag aoDhD,or 8' M6 oon...,... lewr 188 to a1o"4 

eoa'\M" 111. thrOlll'JI aOlldu.ctor t:s. contact lttftr : P, eloell4 aoatact "2 

along aonducto:r 121. to lDdioattuc 4•Y1oe 1•., ~ alOIJS' ao11eh111tor U 

to relay r~ue.. t 61 ad back alone aond9to~ rt to 'batte17 11. 

'\.11~.n im11catlng 4e'l'1ce 1-* i• sr19rghect, a '\)-pie 'bu' h •u9' 

•1 ..... not l!hov11 1.0 print \he lett•r Q.11 wb1ch i• tha cipher .._•lftleat 

21 

./ 
\ 

, 

I 

, REF ID:A67504e 

of tbe plaln-t.n latter A. Qea rttla7 ~"la1t 61 1• energised, 

coatact leYer 80 41ra~ee OOR~ct 11 and •ng&gea contac' 100, 

4eaerg1sl .. nttch oontrol -.raet II, anc1 allowln« gang n1tcll 

86 to dlaenguge tla• upper aet ot h•nt7-dz contacts, amollf!' which nre 

ooilllcta 91 an4 ltl. and eisr.ase the lower ••• ot twem,...alz contact•, 

amolJI' which i:-re 90 and 190. ':his sete vp a oll'C".1.it aa follow• 1 

batter~ 16. conductore 23 and 111. uniwra111.1--.. ooatao't le._r l?, 

cloHd cont•1ct 21, cunduotor Tl, aorrtact lenr 80, con-tact ·100, 

190, contact lewr 188, 0011d.U1D'tor 84, cont,,ct 30 on end plate 301., '-• 

tbrour:Jl and baclc tbl'o .gll oom 'Rl'\a'\ore l to s, on,act 29, ooaductor ?6, 

oontaat l~~ar aa. olo•etl aontact 90. oonductor 1or. eo~\act leY&r 108, 

oloaed. cont.A.ct 109", r•l&J' ~t 110, conduct.on 123 a11d 12', llaolc '\o 

"!ae:a 11:hct.>r n&ae.DBt ii iE' aru1qrlu4, oommit11:tor 1 1• 

•nelll•rQ uisplaoet tllr01C 1/26th or a reTOluUoa. and a 11n ••' ot 

eiroui'\• 1• rom14 ln 'b• comutator Wllti. Rela, -.pet 110 hA'fiDC lie• 

•nergiaecl• oon'ao' lewr lOI le eaueed. to dlanrse contact 109. '1'1111• 

lare&lce the aircutt through t'M Hlector mgnet• a.ml praw11\e energl•iltC 

tak• place unt 11 tae two Nl&J• 11~ and 11& are a.gala aa\ua t414. !hl• 

hapnlil.,& vi.till ke# A ie r. leaeecl, wl.lcli estabUebe• a olrcuit •• toll-• 1 

aboye, ari.lt\turee 80 RD« lJS s re looked la. contact-mklllS po•1tl089 

'' 

:/ 
. 

' ' 

REF ID:A67504 

at 81.. aad 109 unt.i.l another ke1 ot the keyboar4 18 depr~••4• oauwi:ng 

1h• 4•YIO• to operate in 'Ule ••• •mer aa heNlnbetore Cle•rilled. 

~ sixth eibodl•eat ot tbia inTentLOl'J 1• shown in Fi~. 7. la 

thi• fora of , 1·e ln1'&1Jt1G11 u1e i• nmde or siugle ring eonun.·tti.tore wb1* 

Mrte lloth ae 1u.b1t ttut ioa comata'\ora ancl oon,rol aomu.,11ton 1• ooaMOtlon with a gang nitoh of 21 oorab.ch operated b7 a 1'11iftr•al liar. 

i.iaYlZJS now P"rt lcular reference \o Flg. f, the elem.ante ehowa 

elerdllte •hon. ln tba prac•d btir' ngure. Ia thl• •bo<liaent of the ta-

'fenuoa. gang ••1,ch 85 1• ao ooa..truoted tha.' wlaen mq key t.a clepre•l84.. 

and uni'fel"H.l bar 44 la &Otua.tedir ftito leYer• 88ir 181, 288, eto •• 41 ... 

encege contacts to, 190, 29~, •'c., reayect~.,.~. aiid ·~ eontacta 

91~ l~l, 291, e~a. rerpectiYe}7. ~he operatiaa of t~l• tora of ihe 

\ 

,, 

\' 

1n'fent1on is as follows : '!.'.-n~D a ntE'ePagu u 'te 'b9 enciphered., o .... tat-. · : 

'\ 

1, 2. :· • "'"• and & are all ned. to a prearr&nFe4 ke7 and nltch 36 l• \, "t 

\ 

eloHcl, ee1iting up a olrcuU a• foll•• 1 1&tie17 16 tbrovch •1\011 169 

eond\lctor 10'1, a1Jn\aot 901 contao"t lewr ea. ooDdu.ctor 84 te aontaot 29 

of end. plate 301,. throueb oommuta-tor• l, 2, s. ucl -6 to coonnnatator E whiu 

dinets i:be c•.rrent •ck 'throu,;ll co11RtatGra '• ::l, 2, and l to 80ZL1iaa1i 

30& of end pls 1i• ~l. ti'lro,,gh oonduc'\or 2M to coutac'\ leTCr ne. ooatae' 

290, conclu.ctor 106 to control .:1&~et U ai.rl tbe- baak to batterj li. 

When control magnet lS 1• energised, aOlmllltator l 11 rot&ted thro'agh l/21th 

of a r"-TDlution; eettltt« UJI a. new Ht of a1rcna1te throug11 th• cipher 

wheela. 'l}\e device 11 DOW read)' f'or enciphering th• tirat le•t• •f \be 

••••as• • Ir thiP letter 1e the letter A, lne ke) correapon4l.JtC ~ i~ Le" 

d.eprened, l!I .d tho contact lewer11 of {"ftng-nitch 85 are cauaatl to a ... 

2ft 

l· 
REF ID:A67504e 

of twent:r-•u ro.n"\act• HtUftC' up" el:rcuit a• tollCIWll 1 1rca •tter.r 

16 thro'U6'h condua,or 23 to contact; "'• contact le•er 11., oontaa' tl., 

contact leftr 11. conductor M. to oontMt 21., '\hrough &114 Mtua \hn\llla 

coant-tor11 1 to 6 ·o contit.ct so. oond.UDtor lM. e•tao\ l•n~ 111. 

••tut 111, oODcluotor 93 to oozat11a' lewr 19, o•taat a. ctoahatol' 

121 t• lll&lleatlng cleY1a• lol •hlaJa eorre..,aa41 to the letter Q. conchlotn 

431 •lteh .!6 •o batter1 16. f'\er tbe let'te:-r Q 19 not"- te1 A 1• released, allOtDlnf' the contaot lewr• ot Bflltil •1 toh 15 to 41B•J'l8ft«9 \Ml 

upper Ht ot \•ent)-•ix oan.tact• and. •llr."69 the l__. •t ot wen'\7-•1S 

oontl\cta. "'\ \'M la•tan' •ben coatAOt l••r• •amt 111 ....._•ms• 

••tact• 90 8114 llO l'eapeoti •11. a ol.N'ldt l• •t qp •• ro11- 1 

latter,} 16 \hro~b •itch M, oolld.111wr 107. oon'aot to, oontMt ,..., 

lie OOnd'Qcior 8• to oontao\ 21 Of eM plate SOle throap C~tl\ton 

1. 2. 3 an4 .ft 'o cc.MlltA'\or I wblol:t. tireot1 \be ftl"Nnt bftct t~ 

OOD'lutiitora 4., ~. 2 and 1 to cont'tot 30 of' •ncl plate :S011 throV(da con411ator 

18' to c.-ontact le't'er 188. oon,aat 190• conducior 106 to eontrol mqmt 

13 and thant"e baot to ktteq li. ...'hen control -enet lS .t• again _,,_ 

Bi•ed, co.autJ\tor l l• llC"l• rota\ecl tbro11£)l 1/lltb of a nwl•'lloa ..i 

again a new Ht of clroutu 1• •t 1111 ln thtt ~·'°" utta. irhe uTlee 

1• now reAc!7 f'or enc1pherltW tlll aeoaa4 letter of 'h• ....... 

In the foregoing 4lu1erlption •• h,-.. nnr1a'M4 illl8 •~1• 

to oa .. a or ln41¥1d'Q&ll&e4 or alngl• 4leplaceJ111nt• of \'he .. -.t1\a'l .. 

111 s'la,ora. !here la, howe'ftlr., ao reR.eon •Q tba• owa.taton ~ not 

ba 4lapl.aoed 1n groqp• or 1, 21 I ••••• accoTdlng to 'be .,..s.rs. •lftdt 
• REF ID:A67504 i 

to explain how 'thtl C'Ul be aooa.p-Uabed• "8 will J"etur &«&la tlret '\O 

ftg. 2 a.nd tnen to 'Pig. i. 111. th• db•••loa oaaaernlng Fig. a•.._ 

oonta.oh eacsh. to the r1w oondetore 37• 38, :~t, "'°• ..i 41 " • In. Flea l 

theM oond,u~to:rs .~.,. :18, 39, •o ad 41 1-.cl to \be nBPMtlft -.pata '• 

10, 11, 12 and 13. 'Bu\ no. ••POM tbat tihl MTarwew' of contaota • 

end plate ZO& ami the cond11Dtor• lea.41118 troa \hl• plaW. '° 'the• ~•t• 

11 suah "tlla t, tnnea.4 ot • grG11ptt• comblna. t loa ot the contact.a oonn.ec\et 

to a •ln«l~ con~uctor1 A our~nt ... rglng from one 9lH1elf1e contac' oentrol• 

t.be o:pera.tion of two mrt::n•t•• 9 Rnd 10 for u-..i•a \ha\ MTl'BlnS ho• 

another t1Peoitla eGDUot eon.trola tb• operation ot U.re• _,,,e,s, 101 12 

an4 ii, for •UPIPl•. t.nd 80 on. Tbue U, •111 be ns4U1 ... 'P'Pl'-Nnt th&\ 

•lth twentJ-t1w con'tMt• 1'\ i• 'PO••ll»l• to praY14• for group or pematatlw 

OO!ldUta,ore ~)l(,r.a are thtrt~ 'Gr.lllU\~tl~e dl8Pl&eementa po .. 1-1• a a1llDe 

ln ltr,. 2 there are twent)'•fi n coatac\1 on plate :104. ar~e _, 'be 

st. so tbtlt 25 ot t'lae 31 dl•Pl"cenu~nts call be npzeeen'\e4. ~ 1r tt ._. 

de1lt't9d to htne all t!lll"t~-one p•NUt"t ive dilrf>lAoeman\S aft.lla~l•• 1' 

woul\1 utArel.J 'be neeeear3 to h'1.'f& the coDMU.t·. tora '• 7, and 8 Nld •tr 

e.•Hcta°'t1a end plaw• 303 and /.Oft OONPrin aet• et 1sbln1-two aontan• 

rte. 1. 

lnateM. ot ,., 1111"'45" nt p'""mut•tti~ dlapl,.c.-.nta b~ 11-ngl• t'8P9 

OWi <!oul.d tt.;t'fa!~~· for 11Ml1'1ld'!Vil1U4 41&-pia.e.nte ot 19 2. :i1 49 or & 

' 

. 
• REF ID:A67504 i 

t1e2lbUit~ ot the a,yetem in thi"P regF.rd 1• thus ctul"t• appannt. 

. . . . 

r/ 
e REF ID:A67504 • 

8 ClAina 1 -

tricall~- inwrralatttd ; men.n• coilprtslug 4 ••rl.•• ot n1'teb1118' 4•Yle•• w 

eat~bliah or)piogr~pblc rel~tionah1~1 between •aid .. t• of element• 1 

. 

2. 11· 1 cr)ptof'r,.ph, '" P t ot eharPe+;er elerar.~tr eone\ttutlng a . k•) ·, oar<t. Md •- aet of' :lnclie•1•.1nt; el91"tent•~ •14 •t• ot •l-nta '9t.ag 

eleo'\ricA-ll! tntRrt"elated i 11119"-llS conprid~ a •rle'B or c.,...ta'\o:re t.o 

••'~blieb ct~~toaraphio rel~tion~htpr 'bflt~een 'Bllld 89~~ or •l ... 11\.a 1 

tune+.1on1 ·~r,u ar.)11tographlc _cfon~.:rol function• 1 1'nd 419Pl!IMIMl9nt ~ 

181!19 to df!dct d1&Pl•e9£1LentR ot ~ha 00111WU.t~tora when JePformlng 111lb9t1'\Utt.oa 

tunctio4~, ao.14 l'MOh,~1•~• be1nc electr1oallJ eontt'Oll•4 bJ e&id OCllllN.1.111.tttl"s 

when pertotmlne control t~nr.tlon•. 

etec\rieAll~ 1n~..errelawd; .eana tor en"bliahlng or»toerti.phl• relatiou 

lMtueon e11.1<1 deT1oe• and ••14 eleir.ent•• a11.14 aean• inclwUng a tlnt 11et of 

ooiml~a~r• tor pertomf.ni- Ol'?pto..,.n .. pbl• eubetltutlon tuncu-. ancl a •econ4 

•' of o~'a\Ore tor perf 01111.ng Cl"1Jt0£ra.pltte oontrol tanotioae. 

... 
/ 

/ I 

REF ID:A67504 

atS. tutlon coaw.t•.1;or• fol' ••'"• t.•bl.,; aper"' ttw. •171't0f'.l"'pblo nlat!Oftlt 

'bl:t.•e'fn the ••id Cl1111J"ac'ti• •1 .. nts ll\nCI ta14 •it:n"ll~ &leYiree 1 41.,,_aeeme:n.t .-on""l .. • to etfeo~ ~~r dll'plai41r114nts of the 1Ubatlt•tloa oomm.i~<t •or1 ; ant MAD• tnt1 •tltng a Mt or oontrol aomntf\tor• !•r eontrollJllC 

~n• dl"Pl&08"..en~ llMlbsat .... 

l!lf· a !C.e)"lloArcl alll • Ht of •1@:Mllng 4e•ieea •1•,nc"111' laternlate4 

with H1G elenaen\• i -•• for ••'•._lbht11g opere.\1 w ol)-pH«z'A'Ph1c n1111.t ian.• between •14 drrtee• AM. •lt •1-ni.. 1M1"'11t8 " •t ot et)lllriin1r.g conn'tltll1or• s a4 .... t.o erfen tM "..i- llwl.A..-.ia ol •14 

.. ~' ,, ,.. oolll'lll' toJ"e• tnnl1111itJC a ••'t or control e-'"a.tore adApt911 to etf•n 

,i. .... t"' the d11•,lMet!IJ81'lt oparRtion• _lAdlvl~i.Jal.11• 

~ 

e. ln '" ar.n>to., rfi.Ph., • •t or c'haftiGt•r •l•at• oonatl tut .. 

•' irw' fl. ke:-'b.11~r4. Nld a M\ of •lf;ftl\Ulttil t.ttTl••• •l•G'tl'loall.l 1nt•rnlate4 \ 

t'Mrnith ; M"88 for ••"'-ltllf'hl:nr- b'J'p'\ag.-.l>Jll• nl~ti- 1111--. •l4 

•1--.t• "lld. 81\ld deY1Ge1., 1ac:lu.d.l11g 11. aft flt eS,plllerl• e09atator• 1 ,1 .. 

\ 

v 
\ 

REF ID:A67504-

eti-t1ft1ng a lteJ'bolU'llt.• flJMl 1Jl4SO"-ti.lls de4fl••• la •l•lrt.al e~at1M 

wU.h tl\14 •l-a\e I aean• OOll.Pr1•111c • at.,ia .. t of --.\ate•• "9 

eatrbli•h operatl~ er1)Ji08'l'.,blo rt1lat1.9as "9""911 .. ,, de•1C•• an4 .. 1& 

tio••• 

ti••• aat• •u• l•lwllng •parr.te oont•t• Mid. as ... lA't84 eont.W. 

•Nn•sc ...,.. .. •leetri•l ebwl• throaeh •alct eam1 daton. 
REF ID:A67504 

12. ln a or;rp1:111ftph• a Nt ot Cb11n.eter •ler:.1tr.tr.: con•~t•nttec 

tt k~;;)o-: rr., N.fJ. lntil.ai.. t ina 4eT1C4t-' i. •• •lee~ ricn.1 ea..mloA 1.lon w 1 Qi •1.4 

•l~•\• a ..... 'o eat•'•ltwh or,-ptos-phic nla,ionah1pa 11et .... •II 

... lee• anl aa14 el._'8, 009Prl•lng a singl• M'l ot CO!lllltltfttere f ul4 

.... ie •r1 aa.14 nlationahl••• lnclwt1¥. eleetrleal eontl•ton .._,......, 

with the COllWD.tAtora •o oauee the 11irtm •t to pertoN 'botJa o~ld.e 

•.ila•tU.ut.iou l\Zl.4 orntor.r• !'ble oon.tt'ol tanet1oaa, &11 co-.b.'loJ"• Wi.Jfg 

tntarchaneeable. 

lZ. bl a Gl'JP\oSraJth. It ee\ of Cl\ArM't•r •1-.u eon•tl tatinig -. kll; 'bo"rd• ""4 a ••t et atp111l 111f: d••lee•. •14 •ltt11enta an.a eatd: 

dad••• bal.J"lf'i •lMiirlaall!' 1nt•rrelate4 1 •&a• OOll'PPlttlftl' a •l'l•• of 

oom.tAt~r.to~• ~o ••i~blt•h cr7ntoer~phle reJAtion•~lP• 'bet•• .. 9ald ~lesmtn\a 

aad •~!, ,.._,.,~oe• • l\r•S .,...,,. to °I" r •. el\.14 relf\t1•ulp1, tncluA.lltc a 

plv•11tt ·ot ••lf .. entnll•d etpberbia •-tAt•• &l'r'Nge4 1n ...... 

14. - app&ol'l\tu • ela..1-d in the 1'!'•.0lng clata. ta whlol\ 

&11 ca..~~· tore are iaterciAIJl!'ft•ble. 

lf. ~n app-rat•• ~• cl~l•e4 in Clala l'• in trbto~ bGalolO«OQ9 

00111r.1u.te. tar• ...... lnMl"O)ULft&W<l•. 

11. la a or~pll, " 99\ er •Mna.\er el-.nte eon11tttutlJW • ke7'MArd. &IMl •Ht et •Jcnallng cle'Wle•• f .... to ••'ta~ll8ll 

or~ptOf'l"~~hla relai1 ... htp• '9'11.-n •~id e1-..at1 anti •alt t1a'ti•••• ... 14 

.-n• 1ncludiJW a piva.11\J flt •lf-ooatrolled OlpMrbC .-i \awn,...,_ 

'114•4 •1th a •lncl• •r1•• er ring oontaotw 1 a et..-.l-t ~ ---1nter.oaneetlng 
, REF ID:A67504 

... 14 •1..-nts '\nd eafl\ dntoeR, tt.na. 1ncl'l4iafr ealll eo.._taten 1 .uzA 

•M• °"'""' H.. •lt'b .. u. Dlrc .. 1 t •J •t• ••• taclud llW tlleftla • ••ltela 

••baal• to,....., th9 - II EdAtO .. '9 hmtt .. aJt--•lJ ae 

eh&rnetu •1-81lt• • ud a Ht er •tcMlbig de'll-. Mf.4 •1-'• ..a •l4 

•Yt ... '-1118 •l•a\rlaaUJ lnternlata& 1 Mau tor •fteetl ... 't'VJllW 

RJP'optt]lhla rela\t.cmftl .. '9W•a •lC •1-ftte ~- eal4 enl••• •-- ~l•las a plurallt7 of aap.larl,- d1Q1---W.• ._tator•• aid -•tors 

kl.,! '"n1del. •1th a alagl11 aeries of l"l.Jrc CClllt.aet• f dtspl .. rr•nt 

aeebA1111t1• nPfin.atw w •ff"' the Ulillalar 41.,IM'••••t of •14 ••••-... 

taior• 1 1Po.nd alrmdt .. .., bol•Hnc • wttmllf!S -llbl•• .,.,..,,. 

to eauH ti.. ••• ••t et HlltaGU w t..tl• al tuu.w~ fer J"U"POM• 

or orzpiacrnphl• sa'•t1t•'lon IUl4 CJ7l'toeraplll• e .. trol. 

11. lll. a eJ'1PtG'fT&p)a11 D keJ ..... ....,.talic a ... Of 

a:barMte•·•l-•'• 1 a .et or atgMU.11g 4eT1•• la •l•Wl-.J. nlatl• 

•l t}1 ••14 •let11tnt• 1 •an• tor ett .. Ul'i(i .,-..17f.ag or,yptor,Tt.pla.le n.la,l.-

ahlpt1 1Mltwen •"!d •lltM1lt• and aat4 d.••len. 1Mlw1lnr a 1>lv.nll'7 ot 

....-lar17 dhplaoeabJ.e •-taton proY14ed w1tl1 & clo hb t1fl'J"it1• of 1"1.Jg 

eoai••t• ; 4lspl111.-nt ••M.nt•• operatlw to et:r.et. ""C'ilW •l•Pl..._ 

..,.,. ot •• 14 e..,..\&tfl'll r •a.a• to Pr&•lde •l .. trteal .. •• W.• a 

' 

o• ot the •ri•• nr cont:aeh to a·~H Hid •-t .. tore , 0 119m,. ..._ 

tiott1 or 91')pt:wMphi1• •u'ltaU •uu.on. ar:t4 ta ~u~1 o,enu- ot· •tl 

. 

. 
, 

' . 

'\ 

REF ID:A67504 

a te11toa.rtl • .nnd t\ eat of bitUcn~t hit." eJ.•meat•• •id nia er •l•eat• Mtllc 

•lltetrleall) interrela'ttl f 1189n• \o ••tft~lllh and -..r: c17Ptog:Ma.p•l• 

"l•i.ion1titp• betw•• e&14 •t• of •1--'\e • •let ••n• 1no11:.d1ag • •' 

ot H1f-410Dtrolle4 o-tatora. 

21.. In a OJ7P\CJC1'tq)h• a .. t of .... eoter •111Wn'ta •DHtU.u,1ttC 

a k•JMar«. aad a ae\ or l•U•Unc •18lllhl'•• •lt •l .. 11\e 1191_, •l...-toa111 ta,nrelate4. i ... , to •et.a1'Ulla •rn,...,...pMo Nlatl- ._'-... •t• 

' lii!t• ot el.•l"4•n1.1t• Bl\ld .... lMl'fill'l.11\f,' a ttlur&U.'1 ot blt-.cnntrol.lef. --

' •1.a\ore ar!"f\l1t;a4 la••••• P.14 o....,t.\ore 'Oelag ln'\e,............, 

- l .. a k.,,._,.4• ad a."' ot S•'ll•Une •l•tur\e 1 a o1realt 91-'- .,. ..... 

tlwli' • ._..,tlllg •14 .. ,,. or •l....n\s s •au \o ••'ablta 017PtO('rt.-pbl• 

nl•U•n•h1P8 ._, ... •t~td Ht• •f •l•-111.n.te. tn' l:'fttlltW • ,,1,1raU'\i1 01 .u--

••tnlld 009Rl'4ltor• t.rrP'.Tatt• ln eana4•J "*' llRJI• tacl'\1d..llfl • wt.tall 

-Juml• la ••ld ClJ'Ch&it •1•t•m 'C.O 0 ... •1• ---~Wl"I i. ..... 1 .. 

al tet'h-S"\el1 1Jota -. elpll4fl" lltf' ce..n.ut.w• 11114 ae eontTol a1•11Jditora. 

-.. 
I 

.t' r _,, 

-.. '- • 

~.. ln • ar.Jitt.ClfS'1'3Ph• a lft of elaanetn •1-•t• w-.tttldbl'• ajboArd, and .a ••'et la4lC1\tlJllC •l_.w_. •l4 •l••te '6el:lll 

.... ,rtanllJ la~rel~t84 1 ...,n• •• ••ta~ttlb e.t',1P'tl'ft'l'flphlo ~lAtl...-

elllJll ~ ••ld ••t• or •1--•t"• •t4 •-lnl1•llllf: a Pl.,.11'1 

' 

el ..ar ..... oat.rollel c.--tator• 1 ""' •w '-.... eat• ••• ta\On 

to _...,_. 'Wth crnt.,..Jiibt• .U.tlt•·Ua flBDtiwl• and a~te 

tdtrOl ttMitone,. •atd _... S..lwll'ft6' ccwuaeatrle l"lftr,a •t oon\aot• 

en._•'-•• tn.a• Ad a ...,_apeadlJW _..._ ot ...-...-ntrto rtiwe et 

.._.. •• .-. • tJM reYH'M tacti or •Mh .c~-... UMl eolllluetor.- •lf-

••'lf<'lllMl •tthbl enh a.-..-.,tn tor NM88tbl' tM, eoataote •• '1Ma •""' 

..... ,.,. •ith --.Olop1U1 •"'-'llOt• .. ,,. .............. . 

1d8' .. n:'bou'd,, ... a •t nt ta4leat1118 •lwet ...... Ill••• .. , ... 

•leetrieal~ IJl.'MrN14'Wd ' -"B• tor el'r..Ulll8' .....,.Ing e~t..,..Jhl• 

relatlOlllbip• titW.u •14 •1.• or •18119•\-. at.4 ._.. laol-211W a 

•1 tebtc oOlll!t1Rllwr ._rl11g ••• or •rw eoaeatl'l.e rl11C• fll ._..... 

ooa,acrte DI\ •h• ....,.r .. face• And oond.ur\o-re Nlf-e'Cm\r1•4-wt'\i.ta ·~ 

e•11U.\"tor Mel. &rl"l'llt"94 l1'neaJarl1 ten· eonqeaU .. tbe eeataot• n tu 

, obwrH frtCft ot. eaoh · .,. ,t.1.t~tor wt\li hoaolopu• 0-uot• cn1 ,._ NUr• 

• 

21. la a •.;rl't-of'MPb, ,• "' nf" <tbll!ruter •1 ... nt• •••'\i..._ ' 

ing -.. k•:r•l'•• anil &. _. at 1.Ueatll\S •1 ... n.t a. eat.ct el,-llb "9111S 

•lentrioall, bstenebii .. I MMB ter eff'edlntr _,.J'lllft' &rn-.-Y 
' 

j 

REF ID:A67504 

relatimuthlpe between ee.lo Ht• ot "'leMnh, ll'lld ••anw 1n~:hu' int r 

n'ftll"F1q ao--.t"t;or 'beArlng t•o or aore ao....rtJ"le rtnp or e'tftn 

maber• of CQD'tacts 011 o• or 1 \a fAOea, and. ..... for •l•ctr1cmll1 

ooupUna tm 1nd1n4•1 ooatae'• of •eh rtng la t*ira. 

26e la & ern'\or,-~ph, "- 8a\ or "haraater •lttmeR\9 oontti tu ting a te1llDart. Q4 a ••t or llld.Sts"-tlng •l-nttt, 11Rld el8JIM!n't1 

bei,.- electrica.11J lnterreln.ted ; Mf\ne tar etteottng 'Plr~l1'18 nTJPtO~Jlatc rel ""t toashtpa '""'"• • 14 •tt·h of •le-neate. 8All. •nne lnelll41Dg • 

aet ot Juzta~oaecl, touble-rln«-e•Rt•c\ llW1'.ch1ag c0111n1tA~"1"1, one ot 

tb• two r lnf'• ot ccau.ct• pertonalll@" e 1ptor.n..r~hto .-i1b,.tt t1· tlon tuaot l••• 

and tbe o.,httr of l"'l4 rl-.r ot oo8'Acle pe1·tonatnc 0T7pto@'J'tlphla eoatl'Ol 

f\1BCtlon•• 

27. la a •l'!Pt.Df."'nlJ>il, a ke~llo .. rcl •0111Prl•lrw eM.ruter 

•l-•t• and aar:re911on41ng •1'DA1Un,, de'fice-e, ••ld •l•mAnt.• 11.ad •l& 

d.•Ylae• beirv: elee\rtaally internl•~•c! r -n• for n.J711t8 the eoaneotlomr b'•\t>IHft ei&td el81"1f'ftt9 Ill.JIG A11tl1J d9YH88 for the P\ll'p!J .. Of 

•tfeotlng cr;.p\ograJlble o}'oTatton•, eatd •••• tnclurUrw~ a ••t ot 

J'GZ'Upo11et\ 1 rot•t'llll• •1!1£·l•-rl11fP-Con1.~\ct awlteb!.n.. corr.u ~tor• 111t:nmte6 

upon c '>Mt .on 'l'M.f't c •"t.en· lGP" "~luu1h1H tor ett•cting '"«!ll•W" 41111tlace-

•nta of 1u id OGIWlllllh ton l t' i' ll) J Nld •l"r.\rll"•l 1-\.,...h1.l1'l•• 

tor ooratroll bag Ptd •t•p,tnc MOhl'lnb• •heN'Q '\Jae PW or ,,._.. •m 

.-plOJ•d alwr1111tel1 for ettanbg orn\flf!"P"l.P)ala n.ltetUutl• 1-tl-. 

.... Cl")ptOf;Tl>pbla control ruacito••• respe•U•lJ• 
• REF ID:A67504 • 

2a. Ia a •1ntograph1 a •t of cshRraeur •l•ent• o•nltutiDC 

a k97'9M'4 nn4 a •ii of 1DG1ce.Uit« el-.ita 1 a olrnit 11n• .,.nt1•17 

eoaneotlng Mid •t• of &lMeAU I •ana tor ••iabllehlng 01"1l7tagr&.phle 

rela,ton11htp• be'hre9ft ••id ••tt of •l ... nte, laoludhlg a pl1U'9llt7 et 

.. 1r-oontro11ed o ..... tntor•, .. 1• o .... tntore llel-.r laterei.&nse•-J.e ..._ 

being prowlded wi\h a •ingle row of ring coa\aet• on th• ob.,..... aa4 

rewree twe, n9))11oti•l.J• 41ephc-at ..eblmlm opent1w t• eneet 

angt1la.r 41Qlac-at8 of Ml4 -•'lore ; aa4 ..... 1Ml\11U. .. a •1'911 

•cMn.1• tn stJ1cl etrnt.t 117ne• an4 ettectt w ln ...,..·ua1 .,., ... _ 

at 8&14 lllObani .. • to pra~ld• •l•ctrlcal obaaaal• 'bro~h 1al4 eoa'lllet• 

to ea"H r.• ld C'81111Rlt ·tor11 to pertorro or)7tQgr11.JJhl• •uwtU:a'1oa trmc\1 .. 

and 01'J~t0f"~Pb1c con~TOl t,.,_~1one <ermt.i•lJ• 

29. In ,, cr)'p~ar-r"lnb, a 1 ~ ot cl!IR.rNilttl" •l••r.te eoaetltu\-

11 ~ ~ k•¥'111onrd l!Uld a•-' or •l,:n&lllnr. d••loma elee~tcall1 lnt.rt.la'ecl 

wUh 111t.1d alqent• ; MU• for- e11t .. 'bllmlnc .,. ..... ,," er,-rtOf'l',phl• rel&tionahi~• ltetweea .. 14 deTioee &Ad said •1....-t•, lnalllll.., a .. , ot 

oiJ)aering o-.t.-r• 1 NMl •ana to etf•o' the -..iar dlQl.-nt• ot 

aRld ooma.tator•• lalwllag" "'of con~rol ._ta'\orw1 an6-.. 

oper~tlTe •i'h ea14 eaatrol •Gllllm.tAtor• to •fteot the d1eplae ... nt Cl')ter•-

tion• lndhlduallJ in •lltcle 11tep dlllt"he•Mot•• 

JIJ. lft • ern"°f.rn'P. a •- of ~•r •l .... '\a ·-·ututiJ¥: a ke:;board an4 a ...,, of •tcnallllll' cleTl•H •190Vleal~ latel'Nlatat 

•1 Ul Aid elerwnt• i •an• tor e111:t:.\l1llll• opera'ft.w ...,....raplal•