T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

* * T he H onor abl e D ona l d W . M ol l oy , U ni t e d S t a t e s D i s tr i c tJ udge f or the D i s tr i c tof

M ont a na , s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on.

NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. LEI G H - D A V I S G LA SS, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 05- 50221 D. C . No . 0 2 - C R - 3 3 1 - DO C ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e C e n tr a l D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia D a vi d O . C a r t e r , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d N ove m be r2, 2009

P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B e f o r e : GO UL D a n d B E A, C i r c u i tJ u d g e s , a n d MOL L OY , D i stri ctJudg e. ** L e i gh- D a vi s G l a s s appe a l s he rc onvi c t i on a nd s e nt e nc e f ortw o c ount s of m a ki ng af

a l s e de c l a r a t i on i n c our tpr oc e e di ngs , tw o c ount s of ba nk f r a ud, a nd one coun tof bank rupt cyfr aud. S he appeal s the D i stri ctC ou rt ’ s dec i si on t o al l ow her 

# FI LED NO V 19 2009 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

t o r e pr e s e nthe r s e l f

, the appl i c a t i on of

a12- l e ve l s e nt e nc i ng e nha nc e m e ntf orthe lo s s a m o u n t, a n d th e im p o s itio n o f r e s titu tio n . T he D i s tr i c tC our tw a s c orr e c ti n a l l ow i ng G l a s s t o e xe r c i s e he rr i ghtt o s e l f - r e pr e s e nt a t i on. A c r i m i na l de f e nda ntha s the r i ghtt o w a i ve r e pr e s e nt a t i on by c o u n s e l a n d to r e p r e s e n t h e r s e lf . Fa r e tta v . Ca lifo rn ia , 42 2 U . S . 80 6, 80 7 (19 75 ). W h e th e rad e f

e n d a n t is c o m p e te n t to e x e r c is e th e r ig h t to s e lf - r e p r e s e n ta tio n is d e te rm in e d b y th e s a m e s ta n d a r d a s w h e th e rad e f e n d a n t is c o m p e te n t to s ta n d tr ia l. G odi nezv . Mor an , 5 0 9 U . S . 3 8 9 , 3 9 6 , 4 0 1 (1 9 9 3 ). N o n eth el ess, a co u rtm ay d en y a d e f e n d a n t th e r ig h t to s e lf

- r e p r e s e n ta tio n w h e n th e d e f e n d a n t, th o u g h c o m p e te n t to st and tri al , suff

er s f rom a “ se vere m ent al i l l ness . ” I ndi ana v . E dw ards , ___U . S.

___, 128 S . C t . 2379, 2387–88 ( 2008) . F ol l ow i ng E dw ar ds , u n d er d i fferen tfact s, thi s C our tha s r e m a nde d ac a s e t o a l l ow atr i a l c our tt o de t e rm i ne i f i tw oul d ha ve r e qui r e d as e l f

- r e pr e s e nt e d, m e nt a l l y i l l de f e nda ntt o ha ve c ouns e l , i n l i ghtof the E dw ar ds de c i s i on, w he r e the tr i a l c our t ’ s thr e s hol d Fa r e tta rul i ng r e l i e d on the d e f e n d a n t’s “ab s o lu te le g a l r ig h t” to s e lf - r e p r e s e n ta tio n . U

ni ted Stat es v. Fe r gus on , 5 6 0 F .3 d 1 0 6 0 , 1 0 6 3

– 6 4 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 9 ) . H er e, the D i stri ctC ou rtcond uct ed atl ea stthree se para t e Fa r e tta i n q u i ri es dur i ng w hi c h the j udge di s c us s e d w i th G l a s s he re duc a t i on, he rc apabi l i t i e s , a nd he rde s i r e t o r e pr e s e nthe r s e l f . W hi l e the D i s tr i c tC our te xpr e s s e d c onc e rn about3

G l as s’ ho st i l i ty a nd i rr at i on al behavi or, i tbal ance d thi s c on ce rn agai nsther des i re t o repres enthers el f a nd her e du ca t i on al backgrou nd . G l as s gra du at ed fr om l aw sc ho ol . N o p arty e ver quest i on ed G l as s’ com pet ence t o st and tri al , and the D i stri ct C o u r t d id n o t h a v e e v id e n c e to s u g g e s t G la s s s u f f e r e d f r o m as e v e r e m e n ta l illn e s s . A d d i t i o n al l y, th e D i stri ctC o u rtm ad e fi n d i n g s, su p p o rt ed b y th e reco rd , th atG l ass’ com pet ence w as no ti m pai re d atthe tri al , bu tthatshe w as engagi ng i n d el ay t ac t i cs . R em and i s notw arra nt ed un der Fe r gus on be c a us e the D i s tr i c tC our tj udge bal ance d h i s observat i on s of G l as s’ behavi or agai nsther r i gh tt o sel fre pres ent at i on , i nst ea d o f bas i ng hi s dec i si on on an “ absol ut e” ri gh tt o sel fr e p r e s e n ta tio n . Cf

. Fe r gus on , 56 0 F . 3d at10 63 –6 4. F urther, the D i stri ctC ou rt ju d g e e x p la in e d th a t, in h is o p in io n , G la s s w a s “q u ite c ap ab le , q u ite k n o w le d g e ab le , a n d [ w a s ] o b s tru c tin g th e p r o c e s s ” a n d th a t h e w a s “ab s o lu te ly conv i nced . . . [G l as s w as ] qu i t e c apabl e of def endi ng [her se l f] . ” T he D i stri ct C o u rtco rrect l y al l o w ed G l ass t o rep resen th ersel f i n th ese p ro ceed i n g s. T he D i s tr i c tC our tw a s notm i s t a ke n w he n i tappl i e d a12- l e ve l e nha nc e m e nt t o G l a s s ’ G ui de l i ne s r a nge f ori nt e nde d l os s of

gr e a t e rtha n $200, 000. F or pu rposes of det erm i ni ng the offens e l evel , the l oss a m ou nti s the great erof ac tual l oss or i nt ended l oss. U . S . S . G . § 2 B 1. 1, cm t . n. 2(A ) ( 20 01 ). L oss m aybe re du ce d b y p le d g e d c o lla te r a l. I d. atcm t . n. 2(E )( i i ). In ca l cul at i ng i nt ended l oss, i nt ended4

l oss i s notnece ss ar i l y r educed by the val ue of pl edged col l at er al , bu tthe col l at er al m a y b e c o n s id e r e d in d e te rm in in g th e d e f e n d a n t’s in te n t. U

ni ted Stat es v. Mc C orm ac , 3 0 9 F .3 d 6 2 3 , 6 2 9 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 2 ) . T h e D is tr ic t C o u r t f o u n d G la s s d id noti nt e nd t o r e pa y the l oa n be c a us e s he ha d us e d af a l s e na m e , s he m a de onl y one nom i na l pa y m e nt , a nd s he c ont i nue d t o c ha l l e nge the ba nk’ s r i ghtt o f or e c l os e on the prop erty a tthe t i m e of s ent enci ng . T here fore , un der Mc C orm ac , the D i stri ct C o u r t c o rr e c tly d e c lin e d to c r e d it th e c o lla te r a l a g a in s t th e in te n d e d lo s s a m o u n t. L a s t, th e D is tr ic t C o u r t d id n o t ab u s e its d is c r e tio n w h e n it o r d e r e d G la s s to pa y r e s t i tut i on t o the de f r a ude d ba nk, de s pi t e e vi de nc e the ba nk ha d r e c ove r e d the f unds thr ough af

or e c l os ur e pr oc e e di ng. W hi l e adi s tr i c tc our tha s br oa d di s c r e t i on t o aw ar d res t i tut i on , the re st i tut i on am ou ntm ustre fl ec tcol l at er al al re ady r ec ei ved b y av ic tim . U

n ite d S ta te s v . Sm ith , 944 F . 2d 618, 625–26 ( 9th C i r . 1991) . T he D i stri ctC ou rt ’ s ora l j ud gm entw as expl i ci tthatG l as s w ou l d n otbe re qu i re d t o p ay re st i tut i on i f the l oss w as sa t i sf i ed throu gh the forec l osure. H ow ever , the w ri tt en j udgm e ntdoe s notr e f

l e c tthi s f a c t . T o e ns ur e c l a r i ty , the c a s e i s r e m a nde d s o the D i s tr i c tC our tc a n a m e nd the w r i tt e n j udgm e ntt o r e f l e c tthe or a l pr onounc e m e nt tha tG l a s s ne e d notpa y r e s t i tut i on i f the ba nk r e c e i ve d the f ul l a m ountof

the f r a u d u le n tly o b ta in e d m o r tg a g e f r o m th e f o r e c lo s u r e s a le . See U

ni ted Stat es v. O r lando , 55 3 F . 3d 12 35 , 12 40 (9th C i r. 20 09 ).5

A FFI R M ED a nd R EM A N D ED f o r t he l i m i t e d pur po s e o f c o nf o r m i ng t h e w r i t t e n j u d gm e n t t o t h e or alj u d gm e n t an n ou n c e d at s e n t e n c i n g.