; 

·. 

"• 

'· ··. 

- i .. . 

4ovote4 to four main topic•. l':trat, vbat sort at eodea am cipher11 were we 

r• ,: • I -

.. . ,. ..· .. _... - -

cQDtronted vith immediately "oetore a.n4 during World Var 'Ilt Second,, vbat . . 1 .. .. • •' "' 

·~e ~ a'ble to-4o "w1-tb. tbelll, and. hov. 41.d ~ do"' itt rurd, what sort ot . . ' 

. - •-' -· irotective meUU1'6d Wl'e taken to erw.'ble our bish level autharities and 

ocmM»"era to use the res\u.ta .of the COMnll!.ef'torta mid activities! Finally, 

. 

. vbat are the progdoatications t:or the :f'uturef .;:· . ; 

~1!'• 1>8g1n vitb tbe tlrat at these :f:O\U.' topics. What cod.ea.and ciphers,, 

,. - ':I ... 

· ~ more tecbn1call7 ~pea.king, vhat cr)rptoayatema contranted ua imnediate~ 

bd~e and 4urill8 ~ l'l8l"t1cipl.tic:m aa a 'belligerent· in World War IU !Ji the 

-·:: Jui.•an Theater, there va.a dt course the pro'blea at tackling a Jllul.tiplicit7 . ' . \. -4:' ,. I 

..., . 

', · cl" pr:-ett;y hish grade cr;yptoe;yatems o1 the <Jermna. Take f irat the d1pl.omat1c 

I ... ~ . ~ . '' .. . ., o:Dea of'" which there were 'two 'ft"t7 high gra4e ayatema. One or them we 

called \V··the- c04e ~, .which the 'British used, :rtoRA DORA. It consisted 

·ot an d.cliti~ ayatm, ~ppl1e4. to a 'be.Ilic codebook with numerical code graupa • 

... .-.: 

').'be -code_ group WI large to 'begin with ud-the additive : tiystem, I think. you 

... 

all WJ4eratanc1 vba.t 18 meant by that, J'Oli adcl numbers frcm a book or liat to ,· . 

~ '• ..... • ......... c ... .. -

... -~ . - .,... . ... . "' 

tlie ~-i~ ·aeaieioationa of tbe code sroupd and. that tben became& the 

• 

• 

•' enciphei-ea code text. . in the rtoRA.' DCeA system the aeriia.na bad two ae:parate 

~"itive 'book.a,, each cme caDSiete4 at 11,l•fl t1ve:..a1g1t groups. '!'w can aee 

~ ~~ 

- .. .; ,, ' 

'that thi• pl"o4ucea a large nutdber ot sroups \then ~ can take any ODt1 of the • ., .. ; r • •- -

. . 

11,,rlfrl of one pioup u·a •tarting point and~ ot tbe 11,••• srou.ps at the 

- . . . . r• ,. - • • .0- • 

tecond 'book aa the atarti»s point an4 theae 8.l'e· a.died together an4 the sum at 

eclassifi ed and a ursuantto E .0. 1352 
r ). 

., REF ID:A63395· . . . . ,r • ... ~ 

.. 1."11 ,,.. 

1 . .. 1F.' w· •r 

•7 • 

. ' .. .. i _ .. ""!,· • .)- ... 

"'V; .... - ..... _ •• • O • • • -~- •'" I - A I I O •• • "' 

... :·tbe two a44:f.tivea ill then applied to the code group·; We were a~e with the ;:. I ;. r:- ~ ..... : ~;! l~~lo. ' ' • ~ : • " ~'I -

.· ·' .·'belp ot the lrit:f.ab' ~olla.'boratively to read most Cr t~ meaaa:a~s 1n tb&t - ,~ 

, ••I • ~ • • 't' .• • • ;.... • • 

- • ... I ... o ""I • I -

J I JI I 

#)lit.em. I ... • 

. •. I ..... ":,•',I.. .. ,. • .,,·- I •• -·. • JI r o" II • \ 

"'"' --, ' • I t"!..' -1, • } '-°'! "° ._ .. 

., -· .. ,.•' There Wa& iihO'ther hi.gh-grade ayatem uaect' 'b7 the Germe.n& · which v8a · a one- ..,.. • .. It,: • • : .. 

. I .. , •• 

•• ,..: I • • • • - o I,._ "• ._r • °'•"' • • I \ • .. • 

... - - . ;. time 878tem, 80 calle4. lh'eribOc17 thought it wBli a one-time "s19tem. ~7 thill ~ .. , " I • 

• •• 0 I ~ I I .. I' • 

- . . . \ 

•• 1 I :mi!SJ}_ a &)'Stem ot the sort vhich I bave ~ust 4eset"i'bed but using the &clditive 

I ,. 

. . 

. -· ·-

.. 

... 

. ' 

. -- ... ~ ..... ~ 

. .. 

- •< 

•• -.,s; 

~ .· I '• °" 

.. .. ~ ",. -- . ' 

4~p1.aaa.tic posts' abroad in quantity by ra4io a.n4 t~ a coupie ot. years the 

- ,,....1 'I" 

: )' ... ? • I .. I 't• "' • .1. I • 't' 

:ms~s were limply Put aaide. 'l'hey were corisidered. hopeless. They gave • 'I I"' 

..... I • 

p • I I I 

; .;- "!... .. .. , : I .1"' • '=' 'I :ff• 

an trdlDary travel.er, :PU•in& through the P&nama Canal.~ wae questioned and . -- ,,._ . . . · tbere was reason· to auepect 'that be might ~ ~ 0ernan se~ agent. Secretl.1' · ....... - ., - ' 

-.. (.. -., ti;. ... - : \' .. tt .- ... 

' ... ~ ," .. \ • .. • I " ... 

-~1111 bel~ingi were aearched an4 aure enouih '•there were d.iecavered amcmg 

- . - .. .. .. i:.•~ -... • .. • ~ • • .. - .. - .. - - .. 

_~. ·,: ·'. ·.,.. ,,·1.Ji~~- ~lq~ --~-~-time Pe!a ~idiich··~ was ~at-eying far some destination • ... I • I 

.. • 'y 

.... 

, 

•. . 

Waahfn81:~. 'i'he;Y were aet aside too 'because they gave ever'¥'· evidence or ~ • ·•..:-. • "' "" ,."( • ;, r ~ ~- • \. -• 

-"J -=t' ........... ,, _.. ".. ... • • '"A. • - .,. ... L • •.. .r- .:. • • • -. · •. 'bei1J6 the m'cHnary scrt of one-time J;ia.4--rou U1Je & page, tear it att, an4 • ~ L

1

1J, r •• 1 I 

... '· • .. .I •' ,.c: ... t· • ' • ~ 0 4- I 1 • ;,. I '"' _... • .. "• ~ 

ll- · ~ ,.'., _ _.. • ~- 1 t ·a.ft~· ;ro~ haw Wied it.' :l~t there ba~ned to 'be one t;t. two people - t • - ... f 

• ._ I 6 t • ~lt. l;4 .. ._ f ., di. I ... ":,. \ l O '....... .. I I I 

0 

..... iii.~ Security Agency at that time who lOoked at these pages . at :pa4 8441 tive : •• , '?· .. . . -· .. 1tl 

•. .. .. " I • • ... ~ 

,,-,tber ~ten~ tar aome t:tna an4 they came tO the coru:tU.ton that those 

: . ' ,~- --: ::~ ' < ~· > • ·:.: ~ -. • • • • • ~ • ,. : 

~ ...... ~- . .. .. - . -¥1tive gr~ weri not ua4e 'by eane l"U4c:a &c't;ioat mchineot aane sort" .i" ~t-. • . .· ~ •• • .. I ...... •.:,. 

- • \ •: ( 1 ,.•.., ;/ ~ I ';,,. • I •.. ~ '\, I""• ,,.. 

W.!ng' eiectronic noiae. It WU Boml apparent that the ;pa.gee ar additive .. • • J r 

. . . 

.. ' . . - ... 

¥ • .J' • ,• ....... ... I ,,.._ 

"" ":;. I -~J J • ••• : I'", .f • --- ... < Jll.:. ..,• •" • • o 

- ~r . ~vtte deriVed 'bJ the e.C\!0n of 8aDe sort at mcbine which gave evidence of .. -· . . ~ ,. - .. . .' . . ~ . . -

.. ... T > -' - .. • '?, 

.. ·. - , .. ~ 

.. -· -;."' .. ' 

.. ,, ~~·· 

"< .. ,, ~ .... •. , . 

. -.. 

. ~· 

·~ 

~ 

... 

--
•, 

-:· -" 

, . 

-· 

- I ... 

... I 

-... , 

~ ·- -- '· . - ,. ... .. • .,. ':"""=.. .. .. • 

.' 

JIBF ID: Aq3395. 'I .._ • 

- ..,. .. ' ... _.... . ~ ... 

-..... - .:---- . ... .... - -, ' .. ~ -.. :-: ,.. ".. ~ ..,,... - -- ~ . _i .... - • - \. .. ' "'•!!°" : ; .. -:: •.J • ,.,. .. } •:,. , 'tr ,.lit<:.·• .... • _ &. • • .. _ -~ "',!- ";( _ 1 ,.!l ~-:. • :•.ii': I... .. 1 " -t. • 

· · _ ~> '~ _Odqi· i. generator ot one sort or another." To sli.e a 10ag ator;y short we 

," ••• - • ', - : ' - • - • • ' • • • • : -· •• : ' • • < - ~- •• ·-

"' -. • u- ,;,• = ... .. I• • t/o • o ,. ,t:' • '"", •• ""' • .. 1' ,.. 

.'!~ • · dlscovered the 'V&"f in which this JmLChine operated to produce the groupa on :ti. • :.'=• - ~- --~·.-.:..... " 2'~ .. - • .. =r=.... ... U: • .J. .. .. • .- I '..,,..I - '"' •I" •-" • .. .. 

.. . .. •;. ... I ;. .... ... •• ... • .. ,. "' • - -- --..... • I -~- • 

·. · ~.f .' · ~~\i .. page ~, t~ ~~ined.. one ,~1tt1cu1ti~. It aeems that the Germans in 

.. -.. :.s .. "" II ,.., I, - ,r' ' ;.c:-&f·. , ..,.; .. .. _,..,, . • • •:,..· ,...,. ii ..... 

·:;_. > : • -· \tlill;J ng up t~se putii bad the . machine pr in!" thtise :pages .in dupiica.te and tbeee 

- ... _"' 

. ' 

.. 

.... -·. 

• 'l - ,. 

•• I f I f I o• 

.. 'J ~· "'2"' ·-·· .. 

"' i .. ~ • ..; ... ~~ I " I .... "' .... .. "' 

-·, ·~--h;;ei~, were t~~ put on.a lar~ iable an4 sane'bocl;y went arCnind . . - . ~ r . . . .. 3' ... - :· ... - - .. .. - ... .. • - • - ... 

~took a pap·trom one pile a.n4 then a pige"fram another pile and just 

I l"5.. C 

~ . 

, .. ": -

..u-.ea at-~;. ~~ and mrer--wbat tou _ woul.d c&u a ramcm-wallt :tn mathematics -~ .. - \. ...... - - . , ... ~.. -.. .. .. .., --- • • .. "f' .. • ... ---.. 4 I ._ • 0 ' 

· :c.t in tliie wa:1- the i:eds vere ma.de in duplicate. What vaa the ·problem thent . - ,. )' .. _... . ,• < 

. I "-Co ·- , ... .. t .. - .. - ..... .. 

. · lie :b..ui 'been a.bi.e to recoiiati!uct the ·mri.cli:lne but· bc:M to riDd ~ which page at 

' .. .. - . r _,,.,~- ( • .. ..,. - ~ """ 1. °' .. ,. ' .. .. .. - •a } 

• given at:ream at cba.racterii or pooups .. was used tar a a:pee1t{c message. We 

-' "' - ·, - = • '! 

""";.:.,,. I • -~ t 'l "'T • "• '• I,,. ., • "w ... "" 

4~o:Ped a mach:tue tar tald.ag a~~_saqe am pa,Sa~ the - " ... ~ i I '\•r- ~: .. ·• "'._, : .. "' _f.- • ·-

code grOU.ps at that 

• J. 

"''& I I ;,, • .- • .. p •a, • F f' .,,. .. "P • • \ 

.· ... -; ~-- >: .••• , .. ,. a&,a1.mtt the pl"oduct at the machine generatcir at a very high rate or .. .,: .. ..,.. .... 1 _. • ,_- l' • f'. •i "a • "' I - ' ~ • • "" .. 1 .. • 1,. .. •• • "' ... 

• I "....... t - - • \, V' • ~ "' ..... .. I "\' ..... • .rr f ... .. ,, ... .. • - _,_t ..... - - • - .. ...,.. .. .... - • .. -

• · , , IJ~ ·.mt d~te"~~tng' .in _this ve.y the ~ ibat· ~ ~~ tax!. the ene1~nt "i:r .. ·.. .. '"'w-' ~- -_ .. ..... ,. • ·:-.:', 

.... _.... .:.· "' . ... ... ; .. . - .: 

~., ·- ·ai ~b. code-~grou~~· 6t a SPeC~~~ i?es~~-, ··Thi~ ~~~l~ ·~· l~ at work but .. . ' '-

.. 

.. .\?. .... 

!I • • .1, ... I '" ~ .. ' 

....,,r P..i! great c\ivic1ems. ,, ..:.• •.: - . 

.1' • 'II 'I, _ r , • T• , 

We were a.'ble t'o read. pr:-ett;y iiear17 all af the 
-. '• 

- -... ,, .. !. .. -, •. 

... I ,,• I ~ 

'.!. 

- ... ..,, - ·- -· 

·-

. , 

•' . 

REF I:O.: A63395 

. -. - ,,_, tfrst slide. That's an example ot wbat~waa'cali.ed the .AI.h, an Air Force I ..,1 •• • .'lo. 't If 

-. & ... :1 a.• • '\l"'I" • 

• .,,.£ ;,._ .. J• 

I • 

~- iyatem. -! ~on•t go into that. It cbaDSed e.veryda.y but throush careful ~ ~ 

.. : ...... . "' ? - IJ,.~ -!. ·.-.... f ' - • 

~ \ .... ' " .... ~ • • I 

:!~owing the codes were read from day to day. ~ 

.... -- ... .. ..... -.. ·-'-

,. ... - _, ~·· •" I 

.- . 

,.~ .................. ' •• lll .. ;,.;.~~-,,. - ............ - .. • -

~ .. ~~~--th:ey had a s~tem called the double PIAYFA:tit. 

..:: .. "' -.. ' .. - f .. 

. 

I won't undertake 

~I o '" • y1••"'., • - ~.-" 'I ._ • •,. i-"" •• -. .. 

to go through tbi.t--it is a little complicated, fairly secure, but most of 

·'-\:.;: ... :.. - -i.· t': I .. '- .,r.,• ""' • • .. ' •,._ • ,. : ' .. • .. .. I' • ..... .,. ~- • t;:' i!, 

"' "'·: ~ ·~be. trd-ti~ in tlmt wa r~a4 and they had a thing. cal.led RASTEB., "Raaterachiuessel.." .: " .. 

.,. '-

. ---· - -.-

. " ~-· 

r ·' • -"' .. ·' 

. - - ·~ 

> 

- ' - - ~ ... ""="' - -

It wae a matrix with holes in 1 t, die posed- randomly and you bad to know where '&•• ... "'"II ~f4r"-,;--i' \, 

~:-. .. ' •• J •,. I._ 

' • J r • . 

to begin.- There was a key, 

.s• ... ... - .. I l'" •• ' "" rt: : .. • • I 

..... , . ·.. ... .. . an irldicator, d you ~Sam a" certain pl.ace and 

.,. __ , .. .. i:.... , .. .. .... Ii: 

.... 

-· I• ·=-. • .... ,. :I\• - • JI .... '" • t p "S" -, ":."r: .. • ' 

, 7ou 1d-ote the letters ot your message in the open spaces and took them out from 

" I ".. t' ;;.. I. ... '" 0 .... "' -.J. ~· 

. · ~ ~olumna and t~ roster changed very trequentl.y--I 'don't remember at t~ moment iii: •. -\..'... . ..... 

r • 

;.::_. 

' "' - .. .. -·-. . . .. - ~ . .. 

_if -i ~ '!""-,;., dal~ ~ "not, bllt 1 t charigeci very frequently. We didn•t have too .. ~ - •• .I "\ .Ii: - , -"" -"- . .. . ..... • 1¥ 1!°' 0 I:·" ~ .. It was a pretty complicated thiDg but it was tised for the 

... t'" ..... 

4,. 

'-- - .-. much luck with it. 

' ·~ - -a. .. ~ - . A- ~· . 

· .. -.. .. -- - - - -.. ' .. - .me1t1~ ievel ~~ic~tione. 

.. -. '-

,;_ 

_,. -. • _.a r • 

:-- : . -~ . ' ~:_ Then·, .. 6.f cour~e, we ~ the Eif'ro~, used. by the Arrq and the M:i Force-- -~ ' ... ...... .. • ....._Af... ' •..-...... I t 

·:.. ~ .;I':. ~ ... :.. ....... ' 

- . T , -

• .. ... I , • • " '" I •t. '" I '"• '" 

r; • ~- &. three w~el 'machine, I th!Llk I ehowfid a pfature o-r that with the pl.ugboard • I ': • -. • .... I "f,.:.. -

"/' ~...:; .. -: ll ~ .. • • ·t~ .... ~- • .. -

.. • :... · .... ,_-_ ,,_. - ·-1 ~-· .• :} •• ,/' 

· - · t1r atec'ker &a they 'called 1 t: The Navy version of th~ "l!:NIGMA was a four-wheel - . ' •• .. llfl'I • • ~.. • • "' 

·~= »:.. ... .. ·~: ' .. • ... , ~ '11- " .. : Of I • JI- olll ~ .. I. ":. •" ~-,. \, .: I' I "I , 'i..- J "f • .I t ... , I ,.., 

·- J..' ~ machine and toward the end ~ the war 1 when the Germana begim feeling a little .,, "" ... ,,;t .... • .·:I I ,I I 

• I .ii!_ .. - ... ~ .......... ~:.:: .......... " I,'"' , __ ·..,.;°i:'t-•~ "· .. -~·" "' ( ·~·-... ... ,.• -. • ~ -- P ":, .. a f' > - I I ... z I .. /r'" -. • .. 

-- •-.:: . ·bit_ ~asy about the ENIGMA, theY" :Proposed. to make a reversing wheel which 

'": .. " •tf.r:. ~ .; ~ "'t. .. _ ... ·r...... ··-· 

.. 

.. • f .. - - '!. .._I' .. "' " . .,._.. :r ". - .. .. .. -

' • .. ·:;/~!:.~~.--.~- ~ ·~ -~~t is~ ~~ 13,' tbe 26 contact~ ill \ha~ reversing wheel co~ .. \, ... -. :-r °I ...... " I 'I. • '" ,,. ~ I I O I ,. 

., " .All ,. Tt- ~ .. • 

; ,. .·be pl\issed at r~om and changed ·4&11.,- or ~ often: ·This ~ called UNCI.t DICK f'W I,_ ,. . \. - ~,.:I.. • 1111 • f • 111 ,.· • f .. ' .. } . 

.- .... I 

I .. • I p • •'"' .... • I "'° 

and, Wad a _very serious· threat bUt ~the war came to an end bef'ore they actually ... .. ... ~-./! ..... f":',.: .... ,. -... .. - - .. • .. .. .. .... . ... . -- .. .. .. ...... -- . ..... ., . _ ... 

: . :· got· tli"ii thin& ·soi~. - ' -.,_ " 

'• . ' ..... -.... .. :- . ,,. - .- B_ow the.!)ermana also hiiil a series of machines which went by the general 

•• "{ .. .a.. 

-. . . ·- - : '~ - The tirat such ma.cliine-rwaa called TUNNEY. 

,, 

-~- -. 

- It was a 

.. -

. -.. 
1 ' ' ~ .. • ....... _"it. : 

. , 

t ........ .;-~ 

.. , .. , ..... 

• 1 .. .. it"''~-· . "-; .""":. -. .. . ...· j 

' ••" .. it···~- -" .. ,,, '"r Z" ~- ~···, ' !- ~ ':, •, I ~ .,-. _.... •• • L • • >-"t. 5- .. : IJ" ''I.I 

~< ·~:.;:, .: : ·-~.:··:. :--=·· , - • - . ... '· _... . • ·:._ . - . ., ·: ~ 

~: '":~ l~leprinter "ciphering machine· .and they called it the HANJ';SCBRIEBER. There ~· .. ,,. ;....., 'I"• .& •• , .. • ....... ·,._ .. "\ l , .. .-,~I JI a.-·~, 

.. ·:~~·, ·. . · ... ·:= !";: :. .. ,_ ·. ~ ..... ,. .~ 

.i· · itei"e about £1ve 41f'f'erent moc1e1a prcigreaai~ly. increasing in com.pl.exity. They r • .• • .,. f ... ., 

"'t . . ·: .. . . . ' : ... 

,... / .. .. ~ ,..._ ~ ~ - )I .. 7 ... ..; .. .. ,. .. • _, ~ - • .. :"' 

~9fv~c1-at the begiming as the result ot finding ot'messages in depth, . ..t" -· . ... ' --'"'... -

'.. _ t-::.-"t!bat ie, th~.:~ettlna points; I think this· :l.a, oh, th&t is J~t a .. Gerinan key -! .. ' - .,. .. :." ._ ; .. - ..... • .... -- .. 

="· 

..... 

a r,ther complic~ted 1ooki.ng ~get. • • 0 .,"'"'-~,I .. • •,,.,. o •,. • & .. !: 

captlired. '= This is ·a uANoSCBRIEBm, 

.. ....... "' . I won't undertake to go.into ft but we p •.,I 

· . .,. ' .. .. - ... 

read a goOd deal ot traffic in that particular machine and ite deacendents • 

.'."' - ·~ .. . • ••• • • • • ; i.• • • - ' • • • •• : •• '".: '"'<! • • • • ;-: 

".The Italiallii didn't count for very mch. - They-had. codes, codebooks and en- .. : - .. ~ - -- .. • .. - -··..... =- -

,. 

- c ... ... 

I 'i,. r 4. \'I .. • ·...... • 1: • 0. 9 • .- ., ,/I ... -

• · 1;: •. -··:. ¢i:pbere0. cOdes. By the time our f'orcea were in direct contact with the Italian r:.o. - ,. • - .... • • 

... ,_ 

.. ~:tiit~y f:orc,ea,_·_~n\ei ~ere pretty ·we11 disorganiz~d -~ w~t there were 

• ' ;'". '.'•. ' ~- .. .:. ' ~ - • : • • • • • • ; ':' - • . I ' 

.... . . . ~ .. 

_:way of secret comniunications were Germi.n--ENIGMA. 

in the 

; '"!"•.. -.. 'l:lf: I. 

...... •. 0 •I ,,., i.. I 

...- ·,' fl • -

' { ... ~· . 

· !n __ t~e Paci~f c Theater th~ Japanes~ --f'or 'their dipiomatic ~ystems used .... • - • $.. - ... 

f-\. ". ~,," ,,. - a1m.P1e codes, 

·. • t .. - • ,/I I • Ill\"" .. ·-· • 

one tor, pure~ tor, economy purpose&. Another enc.ipheree code -··= 

. . • ' • T 'li • 

• • .. "" ·- I • ~ 'II' .. I • .. I 

UGing a 'basic code which was ahanged every so of'ten alld the code groups oi ' .,_.; . ... - ~ . . . ~- - ... . .. ~ . 

- ·~ich ~re .then. aubJected to a- transposition &n4 the ,tra.na¢a1tion ~Y ~changed - - ... .. -· -· - ,_ .. ~;.. i '• • 

'• ,,,,.. l • 

.. _ ,,, ':. 

daily. We were "'able to keep up w1 th that :pa.rticuJ.Bl. tYP., ot system. Just 

,. - • ~ ·A, • • ' • 

- "': \ be~6r~ the war I our :Partici:pcltion 1n 1 t, the .tapa.ne'ae Foreign Ot'f'ice used 

•. . - .... .. It was a "cipber m:&°chine. Oh, I •torgot to 

'.......... ... .. 

-~.:. . .. a. machine which ve callecl tbe RED. 

. -.:- ' ·. tel:-1 ~ .~t ~t ODe. 

..~ 

Tbat was the aermn sa.Jt.1, a machiae which they 

.· - ........ - .. I '""' lf"1' 

proposed to· put· into use but never actually did. ·x doubt very much if' there 

.. . _ \taa ~Y tratti~ •. They --stole Mr. Hagelin •a ideas and bad. a f'ixed pinwheei ana.· · 

; { 

- a cage vi th 1liding bara. what they added vaa a keyboard and the printing ' . ' , .. ' - - ~ ,~ 1, .. .. - • • • - , •• 

•. , . ' . " \l'lftCbaDiam. It ··was a tremendoualy hea'Vy thing, very unwieldy and I don 1 t :ikll1k 

..;t· -... ~ ~ .. :·· .. . ' .. . ~ "':. ·- . : '3r11P ~ W • ...... ~ .t • 

'. I : .... '"" I ~I . ~ . 

: ~ -C!. 

: -"' 

., . ' . ,• -
. 

' ' . ,. '':. .... -_, ·. • REF ID: A.63395 · -~· 

:: . . ~ 

, .. . ' 

' . ', > 

. 

• ~ 

,. .. -s- ... -=' ... 

operated it succeastully. i .... -

"'"1 - •• ' - " - • ,,. - ~ ... ,• 

\ I -• ... ~ ,,,.• ..... - \• ..... .:.. .. .. 0. I I I I • .. • 

~ · ' .. '· - ,. ~1a. ia ~'.bat we uaeO. to read the ..)'fipmeee diplanatic meeaage~ in the RED ,. • ' I I -: I- ..... • : • I ~ ~ ... ~""' .. • - • I 

' - ' ! .. ' • .. 1 

.... • ~~ 4 ~ipber ma~hi~. lle ~ver did aee a RED ·machine. It wU reconatru.Cted, tbe 4 • 

• " ...... ••• ... -1... ..~ :·~ .... ':.·.::-·· .... ,."'lo "11• 

• ., -· .. .. .. - -,.. •• •• ".. ,.. - ,. ' • .. .r ~ {' 

,. •flf'Eem Wa8 reeon&trilcted without having lmovledge of its actual physical ~ .. " - . ..1.. ;"t:, • •. ! -: . - ~ 

'• • ~"!·w •..; •-1"• • • • •' • • Jlle6.DIJ df 

'.•bocU.me~i!. but' w coui4 dupiicate wbat the machine -iHd 'by/a ceiiuloid diak ., 

. .. .:- I' ,• .. I • ; '!-.., .. , ;."'°) -~ 

o1.. vh~c~ ~ "'6;.titp~ ·i~esuJMfy going t~ .certaln kef8. I tbi~·:tbat. this 

.. · 

..,; I'S, .- .,. : r oil t • 't 11 "'!:,,. t 

·~' ~c~~: ~~e~~~'f ~ .ta~ae·cif&VJ' .ve;&lon or t~. RED c~Pb~ machine captured. 

•. 

-. 

.. . • I .. 

:<; ..... 

1omit~ ah~tly-.~ter the var vaa· over. ~- 0 II' • I 

• . .i.~ . ii.. . . J. I 1 1 lo 'f I •I .. ~ 

Then the _J'a~se had., well that ia the Navy•a equ:l.Vaient to aolve the ·RED 

JI., 5';z .. ~. .. .. .. "'i!-.,, , ._l -

·:~ap&ii.ese 'Dax :Naval. Attache ~~aagea--tbia was the Navy's -~ersion ot '-their 

.:: . ~~g .. •' 

.· 

•· ... -

'. 

~ •' 

_, . 

.• We 'come -n~ to tbat f'amous PURPLE thing used by the F0reigu Ot:tice tor 

----- ~ - ' .I .. ..... , . ,, ~ ... - ;: 

You all. know tbat the basis for the solution ..... ~ .. ,.... ..,. l _, 

.. ;\.ts )ligbe~t .level. 'communications. .... .,.:.'i ,, ":-• 1, ' I I .. 

.. 

, " 

, . 

... '"'I. 

. ..._ . -~ O, ciphers ill the principle of frequency. Freque~cy Of the~use of letters, '~ .. l.. ... " .. - ., ;,';" 

" I • .. I"" ... , "' 1 _.• : .. r ;: • .. 'C' " • I I .. "' " 

. cbarac-£era. ·. Thia man's tbat the distribution ot tbe characters in normal : C.""• "SI-- ;• i • "--,... I 

•• - .I""' .,_ 

p~~~ text')• ndt bomo~nous, it 18 ratber.ragged,-high apOta and low spots • 

.: It '" I "' I" ........ , ": .. :.. : " ·-""'":....,.. • • • -. Tl" ,.C'" " .. " I •::., • 

.• - ' • # ,Bov, tlie Japanese w-ho designed their ma.cfiine tlgiired that si.Q.ce fequenc1es ' .. r:. ' ·'-. 4 " ... -

.} r { ~ • r .I - 't , -~ .. ~ .. 

.. • • '.: 1)i 

_ ·:_\·:r· ve:il'e ~he ke79t~ .cir ;crnanal.7tic solution, thef w~ buiM ·a .machine which {, ,,,. .. "~. I\ ~ • • I 'I. ! • •• " .. I 

;:",l ' ..... /• ""'... ,..... .-. ...> ........ .,.. • ..... · · .., - Ii - ~too: .. -~ .... - .. ~ - r ~ 

• A:... would 0!1UpPrtia"8 freqUe~ies in other words, within a certafu length of text, • - ..... ... It;-: 

•• " _;. •• ··-' • !'~ ~ ':· _· ;-:.:. • i ::·~·- < ., . -·-· ' ~ . . . . ' ' . ,, :,: '"1t"w8i8. ~os&11;ie that any l.etter could be repieesent~ by.the same~ cipher 

.. I .. ~ ,. "' 

..,.. : "equ1v&lent.· 'l'hia means that in iheho ~ ine.chi~'whi~h ~ a ~6-character. '"I." ..,.. - . . . ,, . . . . . 

·,mPJ.-Cbine"~ in every"line ot 26-l.ettera at text,· there could ~ no du&.l ortriple 

,; .. ;··· .- .. •' 

. , 

·." •. ftp?'eien~tion' of the same plain text letter. ,,,.• -~~~ _, I I ,.'!:... .. •• ~ .. \_ ,,. :. """' '. "' ...... \. . _,, - -.. - --(. 

l.. .. ..---;:., ..... ,., - -.. • • ~ \ ""'I" I 't... I 

-. • •I • '~ 

.... :,.:.~;·_.~ .. 

-t; .. ,,: : .... r'-;a .~f,. ........... - ~;.I ' , ~ .. . -.. --

Thie wu the fatal tlaw. 

-\ -~ 

. ' 

. . . . 

. . . . .. . -.... .. 

Thia 

.. 
.,':I._ 

. \ 

-~-

-1;< • 

.. •. t' - .; .. "" • r ' 

-.. 

.. .. .. 

- ~ 

. .. .. ..... ,_ .... -. .;. < .. I .. - .~ : ,,,. 

!; ... '~. • r • .• • • ':I.:••: r .;..•:::- -· -.r .. ~ I • • .,,,.• • .,, I._. 

'-· . -· 1e _ w~t enabled ua to get our f'irst wedge 1.iito tlif:t system.' It was soon after .. t ·-. . 'I 11' .. 

~. · .... II-~. O P • • • ·f 1 ' • I I I"° '"' of•'" •. e • .... 

:· .. ; .~._ ,• '.th&~ t!i'b pben~~ wt.a discovei'~ that we Were on the tra11' aDd we 0had some . •- - - • .. f4' "'~ Js.•. r • llf;:". ,. • •• 

' 11' " - .. ·---1 'll 

_," :. .help tr~ criba .. tiiat'-cmi:sisted ot portions of text that we felt would be 

'--. /~~-~ .: ~ ! ~~: ~·' -;:~ .. -:;._.:-· ~>: " ' 

•. f'~ 1n Japanese diplomatic notes to our Government. The work was slOW' and .. . ..,.. ... ... _ 

'"' I .-. .. 

•· : ':! ·. -... • .... -.;. --~ . . ' - . . --. : . . ~ . ·_·_ -..... ·}>&1nf'ul, ver7 larduous. This vaa done by the Arrq crew aD4 there came a day 

... ··- - ,. ... , ... ~. :... .· 

-. ~."".-:Who~ we .had ~b~~ ·~xhausted Our reaourcea. We had recdvered some several. I f t • ,. .I • • .- • ._ 

~ I ... ~~ I 

. ! 

-· •,._I r • 't • ":, • - \r -. ; • • ,-. : • ; 

· hundred letters ot text and-it made eenae but at the end of that period there .. , ... """' .... . - .,... .. " :'• . I .'lo ... 1 " •• . ·") ... "i' ._!.. I ~ vas ·a 1eriea or messages vhicb apPeared t~~ me to be the &gJ.iah text of a ... , . ... "'1'·-.:· . -;: ... t 

,.,, "'I' ... ~ ;; ,,. " - ~ ... f ' • : 

.. .. .1:.. .. • • - • 

long note which the- Ja:Pa.nese Gavernment bad ba.Dded to our Government, our . . ~ 

• "<:·: . .. ' . ~ .... . . .. .. .::..-,... 

-· S~c;re~y ot Stat"e, c!~aling w:ith the "anbo~ceme~t ot the Economic Treaty . , . . .. . . .. -\" .. . . --" .. ~t' .. "' .. ~ •• ... '\ - , .. ·-... , .. ... • 

.. . _ ._ . that ~ 'been in ~~ect ·tor several years~ 

.I- • • . 

The Japa.neae W6J."e very anxious 

,_ 

_- . ·~:,. ... -·... ~ 

.t_o have "tfJat treaty kept i.o. ettect. Well, I worked vith my colleagues on the . "'.£ " ... • r .. ~ ~ .. ·'".. r, .. .. ' ... • • • • 

~· measaaea and l came to the point where I telt pretty-sure tbat there was a . •.: .. .f".r" .. 

-..... ~ -'\" 

• ,.$ • -,.- ~. ~ • .. ,. ~ I •. ... 

iaA11&~~:.:nci it~~ be h the Department Qt 'state's :tiles. Nov 1 at that 

., - I' 

,. ,. ~ ~ : "" ,. ',, t • '" -' I • • ,.'" • )i • "Ii 

'~ ~,- t!pie, ri··w;re \md~r ·~y atrict in&tructions not to so 6urselvea to seek 

~ . 

. - ... .. .... 

.~ 

.. \ I • ,. ' Ji. "' 

. co~teral' int"orm.tion but alva;ra "to work through a designated representative "'"' • • ,,r ... 

., .. • • ·i ; ... I• • 1 

. 

-· . • 

... • •• ..· - .:- • ~'!" •• .. 

;:-t- ,..~:in G-2 ~ ·1· wen\ t~ this ~ha~ and I ·a.ked-·bim to look t~ a .mesa~,- auch and ,r-: . • .. . .:. 

-... ~ r: ~ .. ~. 

' - · .~ .-· - : auch 'a ~date ieal1ng with. the Economic Treaty. Re aa1d. he would& A coupl.e ot , · . ' ' .., ~ ~ -· . . . - .- "'• ,. 

- "'!" ._ .. ~ .. ·' /'" ·:.' - ....... - .. - .. --.:,.. ... "" 

" J. " ., .- I 1 1 :'1. "'' • II 

~ .. ~. ~. · 'lieeu P:8sef b7, ·I 41dn •t bear from him. · Ve were atruasl.iDS ~itb the tbiDg • 

. . • .. '"~- .:;· .:. ~ 

lf~ w~ -get' ~be h&l.t ·a· doun iet:\;er~ out- 1il one dq1 s v~lt: · I aaked him, 

• L .. 

' - ' "•r-'" ~ ~h. "' ... ""I ~ .. .. ~ .. .,/ ' - .. 

. . irell, ·v~~ "about that. meaaageT And. he &lid, there "fa no such· message. I " .... I -l r ... 

-L~·- . -!,· .. , ,-:.. ~~ ·,~ ., ; -~·" · ·~ ·I tel. t disheartened. an4 vent bB.clr. to iQ- lair and continued i' <I Ill' 0 .... f'"' I ....... .fl" _. II., 

. - " ..... - , I •• t ~ ,,. ~ ' .. I... _. •, .. 

• • I JI .,. J" • ... .. i' 

let~ez:a, another week, &nc1 I became a little bit :more aure that there must 

Well, 

to work, a f'ew more 

... 

.. & ,; • 0, I....... . --,. .. r . .. . .... · ..... , .... .; t ..}-.~ "' I" j;., .. ··'\- ... ~J 

·~ ; . ·- :·· .. 

:_ .. 

-. : . . 

--

.. .. 
-.r.;. .... 

- - .. . 

. .- -. -· REF ID:A63"3.95 

·' . ...... - " - ~ ' .. · ... - or..·-.. ,•_•\ ..... I "'._-•• •ll''l•.=.';r. 

-.. "' ..... ...J ... -

-t; ~ 

.,._,~.... ~ ... ~ .., " r .,' "' - l o1 • ...:: , 

... ~~~~"!\, :~:-~··_;~ch,.~~sa~ i;!l.we~~ to h~ agaln ~.I said; "Ma'.Jor, rl1i yo(; please • ":.:. J. I_,•.. "~" ~ .. , .... " I:;~-~;• .... * ... •"\. ~ • I I Ill... _,., !!. I "".t •• •-:. "'·~ • .. ~ I;:. I 0. t .... -. • .-J't. ... I .. , • • - I •.., ... ..!. I #' " -:...:: I • 

.. =- 1·\-. '.check anci :Y::r1t;y t:bat there ia no ilooh meHate." And ·he aa:f.cl, "I'l.l do that·:·" 

; :.. .. • 1- ~ J .-·. •, I f .:. .. ~ • •• 

.. ... . .... & ,a.'f ·._ •• • ~ ... - ' • l • • 1 t 1 ~ ~ I :- • " • • _;; 

1 "i • ,; ~- $ '.\ _. 

;,, ."..;~.,/": .... ~·~ a'w~k ~ut_~ ~be ~i4n*t coine to see me. I we6.t"to ilee kkiia him • ... .... _ ..... .,.,, ~rl !', ... ""'..,_?-_~I ·~ .... :~ • .. "',.. ... • I.... 1 "'I • , 

·::: -~ l - - -. . - . . ... - . 

::-·~ ."!;. ~t ~'b0ui°:.'. it·s~j~" -- 11 I. ,;.a;~~ you there is ·.·no such meseage". weu,··i waa .,. ,.,. ..:. ~.. • !t ... '\. • • •· • T '" .. 

- -.=-.... ~ .... --i. ; ... • - - • •• •...... -. ... - ... ·="' "" ~~ ~ ,• • •1 ,, ' II .. • 'Ii.. •I 'I • - "'I• .:. 

• .,,, ~ ~ - ... .. I",,,_,., . .... • :. , ... " 

i..· . .'.' F.'v;:~y -Dil6b ltilibeartened but I went baclt, uaured my peOpl.e · tliat we ought to .. :1 ~ .. --:::~- - ;t:.... . .~ J·~.. . ...... •. - .: .. -, ...,,., • • , ' ... ! ··r .. ~- " • "" • ·-T• .. 'i" .. • ' 

:. ~ Jre9~ ,ctJ8, it waa_ 1mpartant. Reluctantly,· they cootlnued &Dd we got a tew , :: ' .,,.. ... • •·'- .. :. .. ;" .. - f -.- _ ... ,, • • 

.:"';.' • I ::i, .. ':,, .... "'•• 'I ..,. - ' " "" 1 • I .... ' • I 

·. 

·, ,.,,. .. ,. " '~1. ._ • .f 0 ;. ., ,. • :: _. rl' °'t1 ,j, ., • • 'I"·,. .. ~L* 

~ -:. -JJ1C)re_).et~a. ·:ey that tiin.e, I made up iny m.ind that there must be the message ._ .. , .. .. 

-:·;_:.,.::·-'~·· .::·. · .... ·t-" -·. : . . . - ·~~ - --"· ~ . . ... - ~ .... t) 1n rlolat1on at 1111 very cl.ear-cut' lnatructfona I I vent myeelf to the Chief .. ... ~r./ ... ~ ""~.r":. .. _ -:..:.r.,-~'"": .... _ ...... =- - -

·.. .. ·~ - .-

.( ,.~ • • ~.. : .. rt _- o. o r.. • I .. --: -I .. •• .,. .- ~ 1£ ' I ~ 

~.;. • ot the C~icationa ~Records Division of' the Department at State aJld it :0 .... -~ ~ •' - # ,· :: ), 1 ........ !~ ' ' l -. \ - . ,. - , . . __ .,,·;" ' • I•" a.'., • - .~-f'•"- • • '"' • 

·.:'happened to~ a ?riend. and I eat dow.. ''What can I 4o tor you tcxtay"t "I l'""':~ ;h.f'll• c. ~ •• ., ... '"! ·: -.. ; ... - ..... ·~- . .. - ,. •• ll .. • ....... - ••• -... • • .L ' 

-. ~ ·;-~;thi~ ~r!! _ia a message here which I would like very much to see 1n your 

'Ir-..-. - "'? • ,. - f ._. • 

:,._{It,. ~ ~ .... .- ),(Kr.• ""' 

0 

I """:-.. t, • 

~- - _ti;tea • " Be aaid., L "Well, "if' 1 t is here 1 I will. be glad to tr;y to f'ind it. 

' - •• .. .6 ,_ • .. .. 

.. -~ ....... 

.. =-~. . ...,,.. .. .... . J# ..... -... ~.- ,. • • • -

Oive me aome data." I gave him' the date, aubJect • .... ..,,- .. ~ :-- ,, - He pushes a button and ,. .. . . -, ~ . . . - - • • I '~ ~ ,.;> b ... • W 

' ~ - ' ..... ...... • .. :. • ...... "tr.. - ., • 

-· ~ t)\ia i'irl comea :ln iLDd within two minutes~ that book with the text of that . ..... ... .. . .. ... - ..... '• - ~ ~ , .. , .. ... 1;:.. - .·."!':__:.~ 1.,;t !..,· - .. _ 

, . -~·~&P via ~;~ -:be1"o~~ ~. And. i ~aid, i'Dave ,· i ~~d this. 11 

• . .; .. /JI,. I ... .. .1.. I .~,f.' . .J 

·: -~·~-:: .... .,_ -..... .. ;;:.:.- - .. • .• ,..., ... 'i \ 'I. L .__ .. 

1

"tou ~ :what rq inatructio~ui are, you know you can rt ·have it"." 

. ~ 

.. - ..... -~ . "' 

He said, 

I said, 

.. . .. · .... _ .. \ 

-.. - .... 

. -

.,, 

- ' .:J. • .! .... 

• r 

.·-... tr • • ., • .,. •""'.., -.6.t"';I _. ,· ~ t I & ,.. • • •t ~ ... : " I • '-!' ~ y '" -~ 

~Dave, f"ar e:o'Od.neaa aa.ke, 4on•t ;you have to go out to the cari." • • .He aa.1d 1 "lies, ...,: .. ~ ... 

.... """"7 

... -

• .,. ... 

.. 

.:!, 

J. • .. .·" ' .. .. • " ... .. . . :~-- • -.~ .• by the. Wa.y, X 4o .. . Th&.t pve us an &d''awtully great - • :- - --& 

I copied the.message. & i t -- .. .... - ... • •• 

·-

.. -· " ... 

. .. . .. ·• pb tOl!"'Wlircl. . :Iran then Oil we were well on tJ:ie' v.q. : .. "-. • .. .. •.:-. • 4re. ;.. ~ - •• ...... .... - • .. ..... 

We coaatructed by band 

·." .. -=: ... · -- /JI. .. .. -, .... ..,. ••• ... - -,. .. , .... 

- ._ · a ve~7 simple device which we coUJ.d use to duplicate the worlc1Dg11 of that ..... ~ • • .. i .. _, .... .._.. • ·~ ... • .... 

- ,_:: ~ ··- !::'·;"' ·.;:.~ :' ... : . _-, -~; .- -•"· ,. .~ .... ~· .. ·if" .• 

.. > ·' -~ -::)iltqbine,· fairly complicated.. I have shown )'OU 'the front ot it, back of it • • ·:,""~; ::.: I,. II ; r • .. .. I.. I -_(. 

.. o .lo 4:_,._.- 1. ~-.. J. I - f w "I • 

.. .. .;. .·- -· ·-.. - ,.,- ... f'~ ot ~~ing. We never di4 see a .1apa.ne8e roRPI.:E machine.· ·They were . - . ~ -~ -

• ,.._ -.., W I :ii ~ • ~ • :f- .. •o 

~ ~-. ,~ .. ~ ..,. .. 

· · . cleatrop:d b7 instructiom . ... .; ;ft$ ,,.,, ' .. • 

lW.t be:f'are the attack on ·i>eari '·ilaz:'bor. The only 

• ~ •lo •I ' oil"• ,·, • ·.~ ·- ~ '·-::·"'.. . .. ,),,·_.,,,. ~ "''! : ';r ..... ,• 

., • r .... ,:-~"\.'I 'Ill' .. '°' : ._' 

..;:.:. ··~ ... ~ ~:.: ~ .- -~- -~;;· ,.:,; . :~,_-··; ~ ·:·· ... _,. ~~ .... . .. 

.• 

-. 

"...8-. .- . ' ....... I 

. _.· 

. -. .. - -·- .. . 

I .. 

··- ·:ii,. ~ • 
... . ... .. . - r.' .... ., . .. -· . 

= ' :'·< .. ~·- · REF ID: A63395 - : , .. -:'.~i ... "i ~1 _;i' 1: ~"'t ' ·":"'"·."'~ •' ..,).,,.• • ,..,_ • "? - • - 'II I 

... ' 1 ~ • .. .... -It' ·!1 .,...,._ !.r. - , -#' .1' f, .. ·' .. 

• ..... ~ ... _ ~ _- ... t. .... 

• #- • • •, •""~· Sf • ... <I •.. I • .,,,_.. f ,-, • & ,. 

... '• ... . .... " ... . - :- -.· -~-'=·~ ... '• .. - • ~ .. II. '\ - ' - - .. • ... 

. • -... ~-·_.tjJ.ing we ever ?Ud see was a very badly beaten up machine burnt and ao on in .., '' ~ • • I "'11"1,.'1' ... • ,a-"" •• •', 

-~ f;.•... /. I 1.

1

• • •/ .. 4 -=""-

• ~ :· ..... .... ; . . .. i - ·. ,._ t!' Jo - ~ • - ... 

r!:'~ ;_~· ~.;.~\\!· ~~e~~t o~. t~: Jap&neae Chancellery in Berlin: Oh, wti" clid have a few ... -:~~""'~ ... ~- ....... , .... ~-.-.. .. ... 0 .... "'-.. I' I • ...__ I i_ I • .. ~... 'W, 

"o .. • ~·- ,•,;. t'WJ .. '° ... r I .. 0. 

··.-·~-pieces. r d.oiitt kiiow.vhetaer·I •hOul.4 :Ra tell this or not. After the Army 

"!r;-:. ~ '","' .c.!" ~ I " .6' "" .!f• • oil r ! .~ "'e["t .. • • ":. _,,.. :.. ' : .,. ~ '\..I• ... - ... - I • 

.t.. • ""i ~ ;' .. ·t i .. .J· .. ~ •• - - - .. ~ 

., ,-i /~ the-_Nai)r got together anc1 p~ in the cryptologic garden, there came a 

"' . . . -:. . ~ .... . ..... :· .. .:-(: -~ ;_· ., ~- _-. "l' ' ,, • • - • : • • • • • • • • -· 

- . : '~;1aq when" ,,,rmuf ~econstrueted this . :AlliPtE machim9. and tben x-'bad. a telephone '"''s -.. ol"' ...... • I .... 'lo • • 

:. .~· ..... \. f' .., 'r' -• ..-

.. • '"' •, ~. ..,-a:/!' •1 •·"" I ~ " • 

.' . · ~t. 4oJ.1 t'ran. tb~t Bead ot the Laboratory oi · thei · t8deral Bureau of lnve11tigati0n and • .:;.., ... ti ' .. 4""'" . "' ' • !- • .. ... 

. :-~ _t:·· -_-- ; ~ . . !~. - ·;·: •• • • -

"' I • • 

·· · '· tlie1 had & cipher unit too. Be called up and aa1d1 "I got something here that 

.-.:'";~_i-., •. ..:; __ ~ ~·~·!~-:-- ·=:~>_;·:·.-;_ . . . - .' . _;. --. _.a1ght intereaii ·you"'. I said, "Well, I' U come over. •t 'So I vent over and he ~ .. - -.. . . •"' , ... ~,: I I .. • • -: • ,. 

.. , . \-- ~..... -~ • • - I' .. .. . - = - ... .. -

. ·-.·:·;-to~ me, ~bis atori in hie of'tice. 'J!iat on the day at the attack on Pearl ... - .. ·1 ; ... -~-... • ........ :,,, •, i:\.... .. _;._ ·• .. s 

.:'~. ~)~-~·~.ttaz.~, .i .. coU~-·:.o.r their operative& were watching the- Japanese Embassy in ,. I -:: ,; I • ; 

'~ i I;'"' I .. •'. P .... 

I "' "~ •• P I " • I ... I 

·. ~: J(exlco c~ty and a couple of Japariese gentlemen came out carryil'lg two suitcases • "I,,• ~'\ tr "' • • I I - I .. • 

_, . : • r .. ~ "' .f • -

., .• .,;.· aA4 tbiy got into a bl.a.ck limousine and they dashed oft to the city dump. .,. . 

- ·, 

The .. ... ~.JI • .... .. ....... _ -;,· 

'Ii.";• "' .. • • • ... ., ,.. r •• ... •,. ":. 

-.. ~.-

. -· . .... ·.,; .. ' " __ <('- ,, .- ~rativea :tollaWed aa"cioael.y as they could and watched. The Japanese put .. ~ - ..... . - - - '· . .. .. ...... , ... /. . ..... 

,._ ... " !•~ ... ~..; ' ... : .... ~ :• :"' : .. ·:... I'\ ~. : • • •+ • .;,. .f'"I "= •• 

. ::~-~ ':~acmething on -the city 'dump azi4 returned to th8~· a11tomobilif ana after they ,, .,, -· ... - ' .. .... i , .. t ':!'.,. " -

... • - .. - .. ,,, J - .. .. 

. - .. ... ,... " 

·' ~- ·- ~- l~tt·-~h~ ope:t:8.t"!vea Went to see" what ther; :.raa and they came across a .~ ...... \ - ..., - .... ~ .. ' • "" I 0 .. 

,JI --c"" .. ..r. 1 - .. 

- -i..:~ .... .. .. ~ 4 • .. .. - .... -

.,... · -~~~ .' t'"~ lo~ oi pu-ta, that bad been pret'ty ba.diY beaten 'up and the;y assembled 

~ . \ . ' . ~· ,.. . - ---. " .... "'"' .- : .. ,. .,. • "' :I'- - ·' .. • .. • • - -¢. I• I • • , • • • • I ~ 

= - .-them, slilpped them 111 a box and they are in the next room;· he said. I put . . . " 

. -- :.1 ~ . - -. .. .... .. 

· .;·-·:- • . tJ!em on the table;:··: Well, £went -there am I took one look and I aav that it I "I .. ••• • '"' I ' I .. -

.. ·.-.. ·= 1--1 ... • • .:- - • ,.. .1, .. - --~ .. -, .. .. 

· • · .'. · · · bad. tbi' t;ne at · atepi)iDg rel.fqa that ware usect in this Ja~se PURPLE -.chine 1 •'lo! ~ .. - If •• 

,. - ... - - -.. .. "'; J'_. I Ii~ .! ,_,I 

- '! t - ...... 1!: .I' --... ~ 

-· ~ · '"tt' .. piUat· have been:· Ve bad to dupiicate the - ,.. ':, ?: • : .. ~ -,• . -. . r • - :,, ;· °" ~ ,. .. ..... • . 

- .. 

. · rel&yB, telephone reJ.aYB 

.. ' IL ,. lo r M .. • 

, _,:: , : ~-~~ .~~~e' I ~~ ~~anted with a problem·. What to sq'I Well, I stalled, went 

' ~/> .... ~·r •'I I ,..,,, ... -

· ,: ,.· . , back ... ~~··~ W~: a' little talk ;.~th our· f'rienda in the_. Nav;Y~ and. this• is what T • .,. ..• 

........ "' .. - - .... 

'\, ., or• ot I "'•' !ff! ,,• 

. , . ._' : . ve lee1cied to clo·: 1 ,,,. • • t .. .,. • • • J 

°' '" I • ,. ,·~, • "'~4°'11 

.. '"f .. ~ ~- ., ... - .. -.. ~ _,.• - .. ~ ~ 

.v; ~.,,~' :~. $(•/ - ... ... ., -:Jr' , ....... ·.-\. 

.. - ..... ~~ , .. • .. ··,, ..... - .:' .. , "'i"' - .. ... .. .. .. - !IC • , I .. r; I • 

•. 

'· , 

~ 

'l.'be DI WU verr anxioua to' reconstruct tbat machine. We • .. ,.. . .. ' ":' r' 

'• ' •' 9 . ' ·- - .. 
. •. 

• 4 -· · REF ID: A:63395 .... r.. • ..... ::"'" I ' 1 ,. .. •po•:#' .., .. 

.If ... ~ ""'°'-.. - 1:-, - .- .... ~ ... t'· .... ~,_ .. - i' _._ " 

"i r'.t- "" , ... t'" .. ·-.t'•. _,. 

. :::; ..,i 've"re V.r, ~iowi ·that :.\hey not ao \111 aent two men, irom the ~ am one 

I. _ _..., .,: ~ :., ._T" ~ j •::' ~; ::· "• " j • •" • 1 • , , • .'" -

-·~ - . . . .,<! _+ 1 - • •• • • • 

,,; ·-~···;,,.am the !av,y, Our Tffery 'beat teclmiciw.. to m&ke sure tilat they Clidn •t pu.t 

_.;..-~. ;j-~ • ... ·'t• '~ .. "' - .: :,, ... ·~.·~ ~ o I • •r 'T• ~ 'P" ~ 

.. - .. (... t .. -... - .. . ... .. - . ~ 

.~ !, .~ 1-~ !~~lier~·~oper1y: ?:- •• · -- ··, '"- ~ · .. ... ~ .. • -· .. r , .. ,.':, •• •; "~ .. ..;I.e .. ~~.f' 

-·~ --· __ .; -• n.•-11tion1 ... \· ... -- ~--- .. .: .. '-.. a;. ']J.... ... t •• -

--=-" .. , .. . II'!: -..; • - I' .I -:. 

'! ., . ;. 

:- . """' ... 

,,. -.. "" ...... "' . '':. .. ,,. ... .. ~: ,.'1..,.. ... . .. · .. ! ·:,. ;. - • ':,,, 

~~.._i · .p .1~~ve,u,, they bad n0 function& in the f'iel.d o:t dipl.amatic mil.ita.ry cOlllD1Uii1ca- .,.. ,,.~ • • -<,o:..• r \ • - ,• I' ~ • - ..... 

......... ~·:: .· •,, 'lob•: - , ...... i:.:-- ·~, -~":J: •, -~ _' '_-• . # : r;' _ .--., • 3 ~·· - , •, ~ 

· -:;,i4 ·';(t0u. . ~~~ ~ctions were purely in the area or 'd.'cmest1c counter espionage 

._ --:r-:. :: _ ... ~~- --:-~.- -)--·_.. ~. - . . -. . -- -. . ... .. ,_ .. -,{. . . . .. 'I .... ~ -,.J ,, . ' .. I - - , .. ~·-· ... .. .. ~ . 

. .:~: . · ·&ild~w ... ~oUgbt ·that \hey should ~t.ick to their knitting." ·They did,, as a DBtter 

~ ~ ,,c...... . . ..... ";.· ".... .. ' . . . ·.: -· _._ . . : - . . '· . :.· 

~. • ·i:· .'or fa~i'~°"\a:fter ve ~ a.n a8reement-vorlted out Bi among WI, the three organ!- ; .. ·:· ~ Ir... • ' 

.. 1J 

.. ' ~<~ satiw~·- ;.r-. ·-a. 

'i 7~ ..... : ,• 

-~- . ~·· . . - l. 

'b •• • 

-. ~r... ~ : €, .. ·--¥_ ii - .. I ,,. ... t • - T . • - .... ' -

·" . ,.,.row-1 so Jiiu.eh far the Japanese cUplomatic peOple. When I opened my ta1k8 

:~.·· ··t·: .. ~·~:~:=,,: --~'_,. -- ' . 

i read J'.ou aoniething about' the meaning or the. solution ot tha.t thing. This : '!. -~... • 

..... -.. • :I :r.'"i. ~ ·.. - .... • - • • • :- • • -~: ... ~~ t, ~ 5"' f •I 0, .:~ .. • I - 4 I or • • .- .. • I -

iii- o\Jr recmiiatruction atter we got UD4erw8.y. Thia irobabl.y-doean 't .look at all . ·: ,.. .. . . ·;,- . -- . ~-. 

- ;, .. .. i . .-~ It :.. ..'· .. .. ~ ... .. .. ' • ... ... 

-~~- ..,, .. _:. like t~ Jafianea:-mcbine 'ci1d 'but tbat•a our- fecoxbs~tion. I "think maybe . --_ .. -: .. _,.-: .,. I'"':- :; t.,,,,. ~ I \ • ~ . .. . .. - ... . • t..i~ :her:~.· an~ber p~ct~e---ahavs some ot the wiring in the ba.ck--there were three 

.... ..... . .. .... .... .,,.. .. -· :r. _:_ •tta or eq1iivalent to commutators. ,.. - • .. ... .--:- ... " J .... ,1 .. • ~ ... • • • • • 

•'. 

• .. ..,,-~.:~l-=- ... :L.~"' ·.-·'!lo.. - .. ,. .. -- ·r~- .. .. . l~ • • - - a. 

. -- .- ·~.llw ve- take up ~he Ja:pe.iiese JDili tai7 things • The At~c:hes had an enciphered '° (I ..I.•--:: ~lo • • • 

~ " ... • I~ : ... I' .. • 

' • • -· • - : -~~~· • • - • .. ... ,I' r ·, "' .. "'• ~ \. ;' ~ .. ..~. • •• ;a· • " .. .. 

. ~''-: code, a c"Ouipltc&ted. thing. 'tou remember nr:t' telling :rou about how we were very . .. : ;.. ... : ...... .. ... - • • ti .... .I - -

' - - • J..~ - .... _ • - -- f/' .-=" .I = ,,,. • ·.. ... -

_.~~ ·t llltJt)h 418e0Dibobulated'.~when the oos without authority or ·rather without the , , ; ... .. • - ~ r I' ~ .,, 

r : ,. •" 

'). •- • .. r .,. i: • .. ., -

· .. :..· ·;.,: imowledae ·c;r the mt11tui aDd-na.val autbar1tiea mmie ~t raid in Lisbon am _.I '... .. """ .... :· .... ,.. .. •."' • I .. 

.·If 

• • .., " T... : ,. • ,. .. ' • .. 

-:-·put us ~ ot ~!nese ~ar a while. The l'fa.val Attaches uaed a' me.chine. I think --. )a.-'.:--, ... _..~ • .., ~~· . --· - j.~. lo ..,·; • :; ~ OJI ........ _: .;;" I' • • • '" I 

... -·-:. -"' .. _ ~ . . .. ~bat that bu something to do with 

.. •ro\~!__, I waa 

it-..;vell tb&t la the machine, the set of ~ .' Ji.•' ,r _, .... . • • ir:"" -

- .. -._ "·' .. ;. .. : : 0:- ... . :., • ':. ~!- • - ,. ; _r .. .. • "'~ .. -.' • .. .. .- • - ' 

-.c:h~s tbat we u&e4, to read the Japanese m111tary enciphered 

-

· ... ~.~.... - ~ ., : . .'\ . : .. 

we t.i.' tried wht!rever poetibie ·-to reduce these h&Dd-~rated systems to ., . 

- -i -~ - -~~~ -, · .. "'-~ .-' 1'. • • • • .. 1 - ..; • .J ttill,: '• t.'" .. 

· -:~·-~ .. mch~ ~Ai~· •o that we· coul.cf .save t~ and people.'· The ground tc:crces 

. " 

~ .,... -- 'C" • ..... ; - ..... ., ~ .... "'; .;. ( ... .. .. ..... - ...\ ~l.ri­ -·~ 

.. --· 

"' -... ,.. ... 

.- -
-- ' . ... .... :REF. ID:A6339~-::;·· 

. ... 

. 

-~~. •' . ' -.: , None d.id: The :machine vas not auccese:ful. .. 

:. : · ·:tt Ya.a reall.Y a very ~ piece: ot engineering. ;.. . ..:..=;, 4 - "' "'...._- '• - ' .. r ~ • .. • • The Germana f urniahed the 

.,. ~ • f ' .. r•,' r ~ \ ... • • 

.· -~ . Japanese with sane ENIGMA mchinea am ve thought 1"0r a while that they were . ~·l-. • • - • • , • - ,11 , 

I r " .. .. I ~ _J( " • 'ft !!' 

.. : - ... ·.:r _.. "It uld -~ , • ~ • .•.• • WO 

· .· , · · : soJ,.ng to. go in far INIGMA and fortunately- they- didn 1t. "'wpvavti have made 

,. 

. ·~ ,,. 

. 

'•' 

-. 

r ~ )• " .. •• ..... ; 

............. 

~"' ""'"' ~- -~- I "' I r, • ~ I '1"' Ir -• • ':!" I .. ., I '"' .,-"' t. • I.. ~~I ff,,. 

•. ~;~. --~ ~~ 'bf -the Gr~ F~c~a ... &DiJ. they enciPbered it by c0mplicated gadgetry, I .., ' I ._ "' - ~ --r.... .... ., "'t • "''" .. 

·. .- ' ' ..,,, ' 

. • • JDe$ll c0ni.pi1c~ted ha.nd~operated things, additi~es "·~ ~hey disluia~ the .., ..... ~ p • " .. ~ "" ,:. , - .... I .Ii f" "o ~ •'\.' ... 

• .' I '- .11.,.. I I , .. 

I '" • '\. I. Jl I • ' I • • ~ t 

·:,, ··. ixu!iaators--I used the ward "lo.& .I • ... .1rr-- I ' .. • • 

........... .)... .. ... .. ··~·· ..,, • .z / - •. • ... • I I. 0 'ti"~ .... I 1 I i• 1 • ... ~ •1 •:r 1 'Ill .. , ii ~ I, 

..... .f• ~ - • .. • • .:dis. .. ..... • 

aotualfJ: atter a while 'use the code gr<>Ups aa adcH ti ve, they U.Becl the code •"' 1 •1 ; ~ '"' " • .,. a II • •I"' ' .,. • = 

r - . t '~ ... a • r "" ; • .. • • .. .. • •• "' • .. _, 

'. ¥.' •• ii,r.-ou~ "1 the· key:!rig tab1e ~key grou~ to encipher them by. means or a square 

': J" ,. ? 

., ... 

additive, i shOOldn't ·have because they didn•t 

..... _. J. 

. ' : .· . or this nature . ..... I ,. 

so on • • ·11"'· "r ;· ... " • 

\ .. ·I . .... , ,_ .. . . . - .. . . ~ __ , ~ .Ja~~e ·1a.'Vl. U.ed a a'ystem which wa an e~borati~n and 'quite an elabora- .... ' - I,; ¥ .. -.c.. I,,........ • · . .,. 6 -: .... -· "' R • ... - ...::-...._ ~ 'I-' ,,... t :; .. .. WI " ., I .. : 

"' 

1 

"' ,." ,. .. ':!~. ,,.;. • " 14.':. ,. ••1, 1 ,.... • r ' I • • 

<, • ! . iji~on. mi the atrip cipher, called the -.JR-25 &lid to the slm7 ot our Bavy, thq 

.. 1' ! ~ 'atl • ., •\u • .. .: 0 I • • ~ 

II ;;. "'~ • I .. - .. 

~~ d;p-bir top -~·-rt moat ot the time~cept' ~hen· ~omebod;y' spilt the bea.Iia . ol. -

,. . . 

-'..... y+:I. .(' .; - .. • i • • :. .. ~ : • 

. ·.:. ·-.... 4¥ vouli 'j,ubl:tah eomething like how'Midw8.y bappenecf"to be won and that eart ... .., .. ', • 1' r • •.• •, : ~ "':. -' .. ! = 'I ,r· - .. !' • 

.. 

~".: .. ·:/-'\:~ ~:·1'h~q.' °f tJi:tiilr. MUab9.ll. kl! could -pr~bably tell ;you·~· good deal about that \, ~ .. ·1 -- ' .... : : .,, ...... ,. 7 ·-... • • -:.. .. • ... ... ' .. " - ' 

_.,. • ·,, "Z.J .. • .; 6 •-. • \ t I I ._P .... "' ' • "' - o 'I "' ' 

.. ••"a:>"" ii 11)- 111 1 I ' • /,. • 

. t'J.· ;.:·. -- '&.nd alao br, TOmpkins voUid bave more direct contact ifo~ that than I. I mentioned • ••• I •• I • ,'"., •,. -y : 

~' 1.1. • ;,, • 1 .:.. , 1 ... t,. • ~ ii"+. I f' ,... ~,... 1 

• ~.., -:'"'.;: • ...,_, .... ~~ ... ·~:;. - ...... ·ill t •;.. ..· : 

~•I • ~ \.'""-,.:t ., .. - _1 .,.,. ' .... \ .•-ti • • .. '-,. r ,. "1• 

' : ""'i., ot"",.'" _' ~ ;:r.-= .. · '~· ~ - I • f 4' ..... -::~· r 1 _......... .,, •.. ., 

. :.~. 

-.J_f. 

.. ' 

,_ 

. 1 

~-

. - .. . ..... ·- ; . 

J 

' 

. .,. 
·' 

. -. 

·' - < • . . ... 

REF I·O: A63395 

i. .. ":"'· • .. - \ 

'-· / - ~.the .Tapi.nese· Na~ At~che ma.chine which was a good deal 11.lre the PURPLE. . . l . ~ ... '. . . • . . 

- .; -· "' _., ' ~ - "' ~ - -·" ; ~;. .¥. ~ong u ,;.ew ~e- ta;ld.~_ about ma.chin!& and '=nemiea, we might as veil talk - - - .. . .. . ' ~ .. . . - ' 

·,.._.,.. about aane ot-. the ~chines used by the Russ:taxis. .... • • f 4r ., "' I 

t', .• .'": .~ .. : 'W • • ..... ,.. .;-

..... ' ... ..... . ... In-~ ti.rat ~pl.Ace, Russian traffic now8daya is ci:i:f'iicult to identify, 

f.. 

It ~· • ~ - - .,, • -... :! .. • • • • 

._.~ ... I '"•--::: • lo • .J I' 

:;- l mean 'by' that externally' very of'ten You canlt tell from the message itself' J4. ... ' -

.t - ' - - ~ .. " .. ,.._ ,.\.- .. ~::. ·- - - , ..... - ~ - - . ~ ·, V-be1;her it is Air Poree ar Navy ar Ground Force or d1p1omatic • It • s a11 one 11 .. • .. .._J ;:" •- - :,..... n ,. • 

• I ... r 

ao you have· at the verY. beginning a prob1em· or isolating the traffic into .. - ... - . .. .. -

t • . - -- ~ . 

•)'etema. Nov aoon·a:rter World War Iva.a ended, the Rusaians built a ma.chine. ~ -· _; .. (.- ... -, 

~re_ I show ;you the old ll-211 of' Mr. lfagelin' s, the Swedish inventor aD4 this ... ,, ... - ... _ .. . , i~ the ina~de cir· that "machine which! showed. just ~:lately bet~e. I want -.. .. . ,. . -

.· . . . _ are 

,. ;·JOU to' take note ~ cave, that is vith the sliding 'bai-a and here :b: the _., .,. . -. . . . -· 

.ill. - - ' - .. -

-ec:amutatara; these are not actual rotors 'that were used in the ENIGMA but . ~ ~ 

,.... ~ .. :· •. " . .... 

:·: ~he;r are s~wlsa:t 1~ ~ot~s. What the Russians did was to build a machine 

· .. 

.. "' -· •. .;to~sig that '.B-211 and modifying it only to t~ extent at making '1t a 38- p ";' I,-~ t 

" cb.u-~cter·mach~ ':Lnste~ of the 25, which t~ old_Bwedish DB.chine was and 

··' + • .. 

. 

- . . 

. ... , box 

tb~y added a' black/to the aide so that they coul.d change the connections to .. - - - . -~ ,.• 

. ..,,· :;.. -· ·' 

• 1 -~11ose .c~~~or!I • _That ~bine was i~ WI': for about a year or so--w~ had 

•'-' .-.. ... 1-, 

T - ~ • . • • 

·. ·no 41tf'icu,l.ty with it. There vere other B)"&tems th&t they used which we were 

"'.. : .· ~ - -- '· 

;:f I I"' .. 

• .: 'tOrtUna.te to find-answers tcr--one called COLERIDGE and one called LOOG!'ELI.al1 J' " I' 1 °' "' I • •J-. 1 I 

r • 

OOR qOde 4e1~tiona. They bad one which was of.. ~icular ~interest to me. 

~ - -'· ·,,.:·it was called PMloDA &net it was a teleprinter enciPliering system which they ,. 1• ~ ,. . -· : .... ,·-· . - • "":.•••;? I ... lo-, .I. I • '" • • ';. 

... bad c~pi~ abso~ute!y1 _1~terally f'rom !lo Pf.per which ".'!18 published 1n the ,- p.. 'lt "r _,. ........ ~ • • -· 

1" .t:• ·" • .,.,.,e ~ :.'!!;...,. • .. ""· 

J 

.. . ... .... 

It waa a double tape ayatem just exactly like 

'· .. ' .. .. . " .. -~· , .'" 

. .. .. I'll: . ... = -12- .. 

.. 
... f ....... I "I ..... 

' .. .f ~ ·~· .. , I 

.,, 

....... ,. . . EO (h)~F ID: A6-3395 ~. : _"' • ~~. _ ·' _ " s PL 86-36/50 USC 3605 

-==- . Ill'. --, • • ... •.r: ..... -

- .... :)' .. - ,, .. ~ .. -.. - ......... ·"J' •'I • I • I O .'Vt-~ : ~ ,l II I I ~ ,,,.. • • • .. " I ,J :;;.:... ,., ....... ••• ...... - - • ''15 I 

,, ·: ~!': -~ :i; ab~~ ·l~~ in: ~mi: o:t the alides yesterd.aY where you ba4 two tapes revolviilg, 

:~t: .P_ .. ,~ .. :: ' ~ "":!";;; ; .... • ,~~-- •• . . • . •. . ... -

- ~ . • : -_p.04uci1DS li;f their iiiter-act.iOl,l a hy which was then applied to the text--the _ .. • • ... ,-,,,. .: I ; •I -. LI \ I '"' '" • 

.. ' I ~ ii ·•~P • Ji.."' .:!. ~ o. ni.• 

·• · - : --: plain· text.·. . . - . .. ! - - 1 • :; 

• 1 ·:- ,:· NqJ, .Uie ltusa'iana evezi with ·tb&t very simPJ.e siatem couldn•t work it. In 

... ~ ·:·~rr. . -, --. -~ > :-. ., . . \ - . - . .· - .. -:~~'-the :tlr~t plac;;; they gave i~ta ot i!eptbs and in the aeco:cd. pl.ace, after they i4:=. .. .. • ,,. ~ • • ·.... .. .• ,,t,; • - ' •. .. ~ ·" .. <.. , .. , - , .. , ~ - .. t - - - • 

:~ • . :f'ourJd" they COUldll It VOl'k :li •WO tape&·, they ~orked Olle tape azld they Couldn tt .. ~ 

'\ . :}- .-~- .. · .... ~-' ·- . . . . - \ '·,. . ._ 

_ :. ; :;: .~Y.en v¢:~_ that ~- th.e7 ~ many\~: deptl>.s. -'l.1he;y gave 1t up. I imagine 

I ', : -~; ~ • •" • °l ,! .,I .. + 

.. • .. • - t ~ _, - ,.. ..~: - ol .. - ... - ' • \, ·... - • 

- . ~:. . . t}lQ.t "tbey hai:t acime people stud7ing their cryptograph.Y tidt.ri.ttxwt:~ 1ntens1vel;y 

- _:... . ~ . ~·._, .. -:.::~.it; ... : . <. - \· • • . 

. , '! ' ··-\Jft~aus~ it wasn.!t~very long betore we fOWld ourselves Up BgainSt some very 

t .. · "': ~ - ..... I~ I I "' .. : Pr~ ' ~ • • I • "' I • • \ r •• I 0 

- ' . ~ ; •• • "' ~ I - pl: °' ..... . 411"f'1cult thiμgs. ;f ... ;: . - ... . ~ 

They studied he.rd a:cd they have\produced sometlling which 

'• -' .., . ' 

~.th~ tu 'ia Q.'ii~e bai"tling. They use one-time pads. At one period of their .. ::..,,,,,t_. L .,. "" 

'. ~i· Sr+•••' '..tv,t-,, JI'--.-"' ..... , .. • • • • .. ( ;r • 

· .- , ~htetar;y, "ilie;y used.'these Cm.e-ti:ine puia tw1ce--th1s is ~ •+ . ~ 

-~ 

• Wbat they did 

f ':: -· .... • .. - .. 

· · ~ ; :~ ... -wa.i -t'i ~~ -•a'i Pwt- l4 betwee~ Moscow and :Buenos Aires' in S(!ptember to December .!.. ~ - - ......... -..:.....~ r- - - ·.. .. ' - ... \ -

f _<&" • .: -: - ~ .. ' .. .._ """:. 

-. · ;~~ ·1944: - 110: that aame pad would turn up, sq thre~ or f'our years later, 1957 "" . -:-' ,.. .......... ... "; I .,. ;• _, 

, : . r.~~e.~ •ay ~BCOw ~ Ottawa. 'The t~ick was to f'tm the double use. Why I '" ' .,r ~ ' 

O 11';_ .. ,... •,,. o. I .. .. 1 "'....,,. • .. 

• • • .:r·.":""" "' :" ..... I"' .. ~ .... • I o1 "' f I W • • .-

1

-,. .; ! • .. 

........ .a they' used. a book, a pad, twice and not three times, I don't. lmow and nobody 1-... .. ... ' '• -~· . .. .• r ... ·· •'"- .... _- ,:.. ,• ' .. • ... ii. ~... • , . - -

can g~ye me the amnier to t~t. So tar aa our iny;,atiga.t:i~ have gone, the;y 

- llir.,.. I .. "'i .._ I!' ' !. • ., ,,F 

,,. , ·~ . A':"""ble lJ:ll• · ~ea.a~ .~ _ ~ ~ve since the~ not e~n bee~ a1>le ~o prave vbetber I I • • "" 'II I 

r * r .., ' ..r"" '"J~• I • 

.... ·~'° , ..... " ... ~· .. ..:. ... I - ~·· . .. .~ - "' ....-------------

~ :· -~ :> ·, tb81 a.re using tbem twice .. Dr. Engstr~ •ntioned the ,i.,,r:-.. '.. o I 0 "' .. o •-•• 

' " •' 

. -~ 

... 

'Ii I., I '..;: 

... .. ... ..... 

. . . over in ten days ar twenty days, the Russians 

' 

-13- .,.r,.. I l' 

:-
• v 

.1 ., REF IQ:A63395 

I' 1. .:: ---~ ... . '· • ,...• • ""'.- I W' I ~ "' -

'", I .,_,. • '" ,.• > :• • 11'9 ~... ... "' • 

. , .. .. ')! .. I":! .. ,. I • .. 

·· . . :ioUia· not 'be able 'to 0perate their .. ... c. - one-time pad. s;yatems because we think, we 

• •1t"' • .. • - I 

·._ • ~ •ir • '.,,;.• ... ~ • T .. ' 1 'f I 'O ~.:. 

~ ho~, tb8:£ tbey ~oul..d :riot be able to get new· pads distributed. There 18 a ... . 

' .. - • - .. - ·:\· .. _ .. • .. • 'I .. • .. :.. .. 

: .. «:.._... l~ t to th~ ~umbe~ of :pads that yoi.i can store and therefore they would have -.... -1... ..... .'I , ;;~ - ' '=' .. • 

~ _;: .. ~ ---~· 

to- uae ·~~thlng els~. At the moment the Russians have not 8:D:Y 0ne or their .. • .. -. -. ...... = - .. J.. ~ .. 

,f; two im,portant cipher ma.chines anyplace outside their own territory with the . . . , .. .. . .. .. .. ·,,.. ... 

e~ceirt.ion, 70u can c&ll Ee.st Germany their territory I suppose·. ".rhere is 4-,. .:. 

·. . - ..,_ .,. 

·~th:tris in Ber11ii 'but· that' 1s ai1. "" • .. I .... ii' 

They 4on 1t U6e 'their machines for 

.. ,,/ '" I -. • >,. 

o0irmru.ri:tcaii6hs ab?cie4. This does not n~ceS&arily nean that they don 1 t have .. . ... - - : .F' 

them. 'they might have them in readinesa but no'bod7 can tell. . .. ... ~"' ~ .... ... .. 

• • ' - , •.: : '• • '> ••• : ~- : ~. ~:(' .'. A:w:~ £ 

.·_ .• -~:- 1tow1 I*m going to--I think the.t•e the end. of that series, J.et 1s see--well 

). ;.. I "' • f' • 

· - ·~~- .. :-~t'a t~ 1.nner warkinas of tbat·M .. fil, as ·we I~ • I I~ '" .. :. • •• • .. 

called it, the Russian machine, 

·- • '\ .. , • - .. ) .. _J-- - .. .. 

.' i think that fa the "18.at o.f: thf! series • .... . . . ' - • .. ... ,:r ";; .. 

· · ·· ~~ef~ ~ .· 

.... . ·I·~.so:f.ng to talk pnnlq about some general. principJ.ea and then we will ·~ . r:._":9-, ''~ -..•'!. "' "' ... ·' I • 

· _ ·h,.v-e a break a.00 then ve'll resume. Now some ot this will be "old bat" to I I I • -

.- ... ....· + .. ' . •' '· .. ~ 

.. . \ 

, ~.,. •otne of you 'but tar the newcomers, perhaps 1 t ts wise to mention the pi•incipa.l \ . , 

- ' .· operati~s u~ whl~h caimiunication intelligence activities are baaed. tirst,' 

. . ~- ~~~·ct-

-. 

·~r~ courstt, there comes the intercept--you•ve got to have the,...~. ;~ (f ;~ 

. . ~~~~~:-, 

' ·_. '.' ~ _no o...U ,trielr., Jliio F""n eleotrical high1::"" OallllUllicati®" regp.ire ..., ~ 

..i,. .. z • I ;t. 

h~-speed' 1Dter~.ept operatiODS >IJZJ/l together with the intercept/ there must 

·b.i.i.~ct~ f:m~;·..;_ l'Oll are vark~ an" ~UatiODB :~" r, ... ·} A 

, · "-tQrcea.~. The RussiaiJ.s, -ror example, haVe ~i ca.llsigi:i 

"-" . " -· ... - •:ritiome' -c~1~a~1i'tins or frequencies' 80 th&t it 10- important to he 

_ .•• : .:,ble to identify trans~as1cms either by direction finding ar by one cf two 

.. : .. - ... _ 

... - . ~... -.. - -: :..-.. - :.... ..-

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'.s .. •. r· 'f' 9 - "' ·:r.:..... t: 't \. 1 I~ 

. ·, -. ·i· REF ID:A63395 - . 

···--i1ots, 

.. I. - ... .. • 

h I ,,I • ,.. -· ... • "' I r 

.1. • • ";·_~e- h'oFb-.of' d~~a;_MU.- dLtf~reiic.e--'betwee:o. d"Ota-.. -and 4Mhet1 amt "i!ensths -ot- • lt-' - • •, .. .,. - •. . •• :,:;.';..., : ' • • • I """ "' • .. • ' : .. ~ I .. ... ... ... ,, .. .. .. ":.. 

t• I .. \, ~ r I I- ._ .. - '\.. • 

. - }d:tJaM&-, .lhe,: charaete.rj,t:!,cs c# ~eac~: o~~~-. __ (Now ...c.u:t; the..~~-~ Qtt, I ...,. ,· .,. ..· .. , 

i--

. : 

. . .. ... . . . .. . ·-· t~ IWC iii;t-;(_~ ·~c:sr 4 DiOill!f'ib? )- .· 

.. .. . - .: 

~l~f--~· ~ ~~'after- ilite;:cepti.;.,. io traffic ~l.8, ~t 18 ; the 

.· . . .;r:ecomstruction at the radio nets of the enem;y and the location of their I • .. ..(,_ .. .; •I• '+.;,,,• 1" • ·.• • 'lo 

.. .: ..,lo r.. ,,. • . - ~ . .., -

~ gives veey inq>ar~t ··wornation ou tvo counts • • & I ~,... -~!f,i.,• .:..- • .. . .... r .. J... .. .. , ...... .. -; ~'L ... .. : .. -

--· . .... ... . ~ .. - ' . . .'- ·- · -First ~·~, eatabiishiq or rec~tri:icting 'the 4~ "': '; I)..,":"• " ... • 

... . - ~ 'transmitter statiODB. 

• ' . 

nets givea yau order of 

-; -· .. • .. ,1 .: 

The reco'D.struction ot'the networks is not an 

., .,. .. • .... I • 

~ttle ~hicn' is ·very ·impor~t. t° • I • 

. . .. . -~- ~ ."';~ "'" · ...... _ ... ...,. .......... ·. ~ 

, eaar' thing tar when the c&llaigna and treqiienc1es ... . . , !." ... .... ~ 

..,, --

are cbwiged rapidly. 

,, 

It is .. ~ . 

_ .. ,.. .. .. - ... _-.:_~-·:--·4. cur1~ thi~· ~t t~ Ge~ 1 -· _. ~ .... .,,~. • I ... • .. ,/I .. ·-:l .... .,lr... " 1 

•

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REF ID :A63395 .. 

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.. REF ID:A63395 . --· ~ .. -

c. 

~_, · :}~b~a~a. dt them. l"ll ehow ·~ ~ k~~ 18.ter' o~--vbat thi~·lfean.s. .. ... ... ,. -1 •II '"..,. ~ ,,,. 

.., ..... ,, • "~: ~.: - .. '' ~ .. • I 

_':- -:-~.,.£. ~·-·:~ ne°xt step 1a··~be evaluation at the inf'orma.tion d tind you, I 1ve :..~.. ! : ... - ... -~ .. ~ ~.; .. - ,; ,•.. .. 

.. I' .. I;,~ 

~· ~ "=° ·~ I I' .. 

. been talking about the COMINT product ae iiii'orm.tion. Thia ia aometh1ng which .... ..... .. -l. .... - ... ' • --

.. .. '" - .. :~·- _-. ~. ·~: ~~ .. -. '"''"•' _ ..

~' _.i ~- i~~~nc~ -~ -~ ~~- ~~•-ten:;~ .':•~_.,...lllml!...;R'tl:dtr m:m•t 

. . _ . '" pr~aee ht:~U:lge~ce·_ thez !!a'->~~ ce:ll--iX~mtti.11air.~i:lfiiiii~tion 

I • ' , ' -·, -:.---------- ' • - ' 

.'_:_ .. ,.>-.i~,.,;~Dk.~t:tan,--tr--'4there ta av.eh-a .. - ·· 'eit"in:ree~too. -It'• 

: . .. ~d-~-~ ~CoMttJ,- o-J... ~ , ?' - ~heir job to evaluate .ill( and to collate f:. 'With information ~om. other sources .. 

- .. . ..... '\ .. .. ·""" 

tg .chc:c:k 1t. and that •gae:t..e..r..·'4tlrln&· .. ,, I ~ .... 

I .... '\ .. J. 

. • : . ' - j'· ' f' 

~ ~~es_sari ~bing: 

I' - i .... -

AD4 i ~uppose that thia·i~ a very ~ .. . 

, . - ~· 

- .,. ·- .. ~ ' ~ - .. . 'rt fa conceivable that an-·-· fjli aetute 'enem;y, Jtlight 

. ,· .. · .... i .: .· .... - " ___ ... 

. - .-.... .... ·. actuall.1-mislead you "by seiiding olit e. phoriey 'Cit' tvo in which case the intell.1-

. .- ; ... --' .. -. >~--. . '~~~ gence peo}>le should 'be able to 4etect"-'"11s eim:Pe:eter by colle.ting what it 

·:. , ·- ~ '°. 

•aJ'l-V'ith what ~ from other sources. 

" • • • l" ;: • • .• C.o t'\.\ ~ 

- • And then there canes tina.lly the dissemination at tbe :Product. am this .. - ·- . " 

~-~·~:~:~.~~~r~~~J - , . 

... 

- . 

;. 

.... ·~., 

J J'. 

• II "!. " I .. 

.! -~ \, 

, • .. }. I ;""" 

-. ·- -1 think we have reached a good ato:PPinS la~ and ,.ie 1'111· have a . . 

. ··/ 

we have a. good deal of terr.It.cry to 

l•d like to 

those at ~ho ~nt to attend the other ~ 

vUl. }ave time to walk over to the 'building. . f 

. ' 

·-