i 

.i 

: •, · .. ~ ·. 

REF ID:A521672 

In re Applicetion of 

W1ll1a.rn F. Friedman_, 

Filed oatober 2s, 19~e. 

Serial, :-~o. 10'7 • ~44 

Cryptogra:pha 

Bon. Commlsatoner r)f P~tenta, 

Sir: , .. , .. 

Division 53, Boom 689'1 

/ •: .' ,'. Rasponslve to Patent Offica fiction <>f M:!\rch 6, 19~'1 • 

/•, 

t . 

, .. . , 

. . Cleim a, 1.1n9 ~. cancel " eams " anci oubsti tu te - - cam 

~~.tiqna - - ~,. . : . ~: 

...... 

..... · t'' :'! 

···:i 

··.\aperio~lc 

i, • 

.': 

'· ' 

,· .. ·· 

Claim ::.::i, lbe 2 from the bottom cancel " cama " and auba·Uiute ·- - cam poai tions - -

. : ... 

. ·:. 

/ /! 

. ' . ' • ,.1 

: .:.· . 

ID Habarn cited, it should be noted that the movements or / I• 

41~lACBl;ants ot ·tbe co(le wile~l& f.'ll"e purely r.iecl1An1cal ; these· movome1nta 

I' . ;· . . . , -

. : t•: ./;. : . . 

are ,ireg~ar or periodio in c:1ar~cter and J:tre controlled by rntc:het n1ecb-

.,,lJ/J ~ntArnal to the de-vice 1 tm•lr. J'(>J"iod.to or l'l•'tf'l'-11!~".' rf!CUr::Ntnoe ;'/ t \ ',·, ~t '1o;r,;-nta is a nHtural ebarectElriatic of all such mechunisms and the 

,: ' ,olj Ii Ii 

.;ste~~·e.~la f8ator thus introduced deffllAta the ~asential purpose. 

/ ... ,.·-1-"·'· I .• ,.: ,r 

'·":· l j ,. ... 

I 

/-" 

\ ; 

i 

,l 

' /' 

,.-;-.·. 

· · ··JA;pproved for ReleaS:Ef by:. NSA on 11-22-201"3 pur~u~nt to E.O. 1352§ ·.· .... : 

'·:.= . . : 

.·.' . · . 

. '·, ... 

/ 
REF ID:A521672 

Jiel:l~r.11 sl10~1e comr.i•ItRtors, ~tit '1.o~A not show meRns to eff.eet 

prr:iutr. ti vc , st~r-"'1 en r:•nv11mo nt of tha cnm: ·Ute. ten a. Ir. other ~·:ord s, 

th~ memis Arlll)laywl tn :P.h~en ta r.f.f.'(1ct t!lf' mo1ement d\lna •1ot do so 

in 8 trun p~rmutnt1v" aanF1e, ns l":ill bP s~r.n frorn a otudy of tlle operati on na aAt rorth in add p~tent. Refflrring to Fig. 8 or !!eb..,!IPn, oonoomplfltAs one l'f•vo1•1Uon t.ltl'.' :,djncent \Yh~el is ad'V8.nced one at•P1 .... 

tor oxA111pl.P, .r ... -t;C'lhAt v;hN' 1 n~ n1r1 i~n,'lP. l?llP.e:l 756 ~ire rotR tad only one 

notch 11htl9 the ret<:i1et l'i''.~~~l 5° is l•nhtg rotntf>d for tJVant1-a1x notches 

or one revolution. fHitchP.t whf'f.!l 5C r:toves only 011.~ notch "11hile tha 

ratchet wheel 5a tr.O'V"'~ t.:i:~r.t.y-sh· notches i:-.n-3 r.1Jrr..:e ~·i:.t·eJ. 6° mo·11es only 

one notch whilA •heel 5d moves twenty-dx r.:>tehes, r.ri;! sine~ ~hr.el 5e 

llO'l91·DD1Y one notch while 5° ~aves twenty•ais notches, wheel s8- mo'Wla 

one notch while 5

4 makes six hundr~d nn~ Re~enty-o1x revolutions. 

aam-bearinP., 1R11r11l>rtra in a11cb fl f}tructure in nn ~ftort to meet tho combinR• 

tton cloimnd h1 "PJ!licrrnt. :\r. rt1P-m11t to uae the cem-beor1ngmembera aa 

to. lN114 up 11 mental anttctpP-t1on aml!'t feil beceuae the: l>~r1od1c or 

•Hr-11ke recurrftnce or mov"m"'nts 111 l!fl'bcrn prE'!cluJes cryptographic 

aotloa. 

:~:. 

. ; .. 

,. 

1 t 1 a tU ff1 cult to see htlTI the 11ut1st11~u Uon aoggeste4 

2 

: :. _.-: .' ~ : :·. . .· ··:-:.: :_. . ·· .. : :·· . : ... . . 

... 

" 

. : . 

'· .. 

. . 

. . : . 
: i . 

. ; 

·.·1 

. . ~ 

·:; 

' . ' 

REF ID:A521672 

:· .-·. 

1tnoture olelmed. by Applicent. In the ef:!trl18r Dft1lllll patent_ No.~. l,U:f.0,109, 

the .eaia 4evi_oe to "h1ch the "F:xem1ner colle nUentioa ee sbf?wn· in _Ft.go• 2 ;.' 

and a. 1• a .• Usry structure desor1bed es a " eeoondery k·ey "·· · .WbG ' . ,·. ' I ' • 

" . •I ' . 

• ·r ''" 

U 1e canatdere4 that no CO.llll'Ntetors ere disoloaed at ell i~ tlii.~.· patent, 

and l»ea~na :in min~ tbat Rebern 1a open to the o'bjeotion no.tea a~w," U 

le aonten4ed·that the Cf!JJI dev1oe oannot be eucaesatally aggregate4 wtth 

Bebern to etteot pe!'JmJ!!'t1Ye d1eplaoet1tent1 of the oommutetore that 11 to . . . "' - . .·,-.. ·'.·: . I 

•~ .\Ne· ~wgraphio action. The oombinfl tion called t~r \'y the ' . . . ... ·.. . ' . . ... ·: . . . 

. ;·. 

ola1u oo~ :"°' be aet up by euoh an aggregation of par\a aa touna ill 

the J&tenia relte4 U})On without a complete reorgan1zat1oD ot ib.e pal'te wbioh 

would ~unt :.to invention. The other patent to Dm No. l,.~ 819 1• " . '• .· .... , .. ·,····· .. 

• ,.n leea pert1n~nt. llere th~ cam elements er~ a~rried by an endleaa obaln 

P4 l t ia ewn Sore tHftloul t to aee how th_, CM\ devices could be 1ntro4uoe4 

illto !lebttrn fl;lld made to operate st all. Certainl1, '1lase o~ -~emeat1,. . . 

ocnal4 AOt be obTtouuly oomb1ne4 tn lleborn to meet t.bo acmb1~~~1~n· ·ol•~~;~> ... '.-·.·~: ··. ·: .:.: ·.~~~:·.:· . . . t;.~: .· .. 

As to eppl1cant'e prior potent altiO cited, only one ..... 

aOmmutator is· t.ho"J:'e «Huoloned wherHB 111 tb.9 :present 0~89 all.-tbs claS..S . . . . . ... . ,.· . 

1nolu4e a pl~a11 ty or juxtaposed routeble oommutatora, •~'9»'" ·~1-~ 18 

· . an4 ··1·a'. 111 ~th ot which the tel'll "ni teh " 11 employe4 and.::··:th~( ~D~~· .··· ·<< .. ·;.' . ·//.:.·<:.~· .. · 

patent 4oea Do~ 41aolose oem~benrlng members 1n the eenae employed in the \ 

\ 

. pNaent tnnntton. In thie eRrltor pstant aems do not cont'~l the otep- \ 

Wia~ dlaplao~nte or the OOl!llnUt~tors ei,hl'r alon~ or in Comb1D.at10ll Wi\)l 

. ··>' 

, • • I • 

·.· ·'; 

:-: .. 

·: .. 

··:.:: · .. 

: ~. . . 

1:.:. 

.·· .. :'· ·' ". 
\ 

REF ID:A521672 

'· 

/ 

..... ,, 

-~ 

other elemeate. In thnt case the ke7-t"l.pe of. a tflpe trRnam.1 tter WflB 

employed to secure irrAgu1'"1r act ion. Agflin, 1 t 1B cont,,nded that the 

08111 deTioe or eithnr of the namm patents would not work in the struotun 

ot Ti"riedmen eitttd wtth()ut m.ntariAl raorrani.zt1tion or the appart\tua, Whloh 

would requ1re in-vAnt1on tor the serne reason as noted in discuaetng Rebem. 

1t should b" furt: f:.'r note!'!. thAt Heb~rn do~s not have mNJn8 

electrically assoc1~ted nith thA cem benr1ns members to ettect permutattve 

aot1on. aome_ or the clB1.ms 1n the present oaee bring out thia dhttnct1on. 

Attantton is eleo celled to the f~ct th~t the nurobgre of the cem posttlons 

on thli i ,,respective Ol!!ra-beRring membn:rs "re prim& to on~ •inother, which 

00Jl&t1tutee a turth'!r importlrnt distinction in fftvor of RppUeent•a invention 

ea b l"Ough t out in on~ wey or rmothflr in eevet-1~1 of thf' cl.oims. In thie 

manner the oomplete period of. the whole eyatQm of cam wheela is sreatl.y 

lenetbened Rnd a much r,rA~ter ae~ree of. cryptographic f.ll!tOUrlt7 ~a thua 

.. oure4. Another crlvantet;e tn f't1vor of t. he preser. t systflrn arises trom tbe 

tact thot th~ cern-be"rinr ~mib~ru ,.et both independently R.nd oolleoti vely. 

FAvor"blr;o Mconatdar!'I tlon is courtoonoly requested in the 

light ot the foregoing. 

Res:pectfully subm1 tted, 

'il'i 11 inm F'. Friedman, 

By: 

At torneiy