NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ESTATE OF HOWARD V. MOORE, 

Deceased; et al., 

Petitioners-Appellants, 

 v. 

COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL 

REVENUE, 

Respondent-Appellee.

No. 20-73013 

Tax Ct. Nos. 21209-09 

 22082-09 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from a Decision of the

United States Tax Court

Argued and Submitted October 18, 2021

San Francisco, California

Before: WATFORD and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and BAKER,**International 

Trade Judge.

Prior to Howard V. Moore’s death, the Howard V. Moore Family Limited 

Partnership sold Moore Farms to a third party. The Howard V. Moore Living Trust 

then sold its interest in the Partnership to the Howard V. Moore Irrevocable Trust

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The Honorable M. Miller Baker, Judge for the United States Court of 

International Trade, sitting by designation.

FILED

NOV 8 2021

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
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No. 1. After Moore’s death, the Partnership transferred the proceeds from the sale 

of the Farm to the Irrevocable Trust; the proceeds were then transferred to the Living 

Trust and to the Howard V. Moore Charitable Lead Annuity Trust. In its federal 

estate tax return, the Estate claimed charitable deductions for the funds transferred 

to the Charitable Trust. 

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue found that the proceeds from the sale 

of the Farm should have been included in the taxable estate. The Commissioner also 

denied the Estate’s claimed charitable deductions for transfers of funds to the

Charitable Trust after Moore’s death. The Tax Court upheld the Commissioner’s 

decision. On appeal, the Estate does not challenge the inclusion of the proceeds 

from the sale of the Farm in the taxable estate, arguing only that it is entitled to 

charitable deductions. We affirm.

A deduction can be taken for “the value of property included in the decedent’s 

gross estate and transferred by the decedent during his lifetime or by will” or trust 

upon his death to a charitable entity. 26 C.F.R. § 20.2055-1(a). The issue for 

decision is whether donations to the Charitable Trust were required by the Moore 

trust documents. Answering this question requires analysis of the express language 

of those documents. See State ex rel. Goddard v. Coerver, 412 P.2d 259, 262 (Ariz. 

1966). 

The Estate relies upon Article 5, Section 2 of the Irrevocable Trust, which 
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required the Trustee to make distributions on Moore’s death to minimize federal 

estate tax liability. But this provision is triggered only by a determination that “any 

asset of this trust” is also an asset of the gross estate. The proceeds of the Farm sale 

were not assets of the Irrevocable Trust, or for that matter any Moore Trust, 

notwithstanding that the Irrevocable Trust owned 98% of the Partnership at the time 

of Moore’s death. Rather, the proceeds were the asset of the Partnership, and Article 

II, Section 1, Paragraph “u” of the Partnership Agreement expressly provided that 

“no Partner shall have any interest in any of the assets of the Partnership.”

The Estate argues in the alternative that “asset of this trust” is ambiguous, and 

that we should therefore construe it to encompass the assets of the Partnership to 

effectuate the purposes of Moore’s estate plan. We disagree; the relevant language 

of both the Irrevocable Trust and Limited Partnership documents is unambiguous: 

the Irrevocable Trust, as a limited partner, had no “interest in any of the assets of the 

Partnership.”

The Trustee of the Irrevocable Trust was therefore not required to transfer the 

Farm’s proceeds to the Living Trust and eventually to the Charitable Trust upon 

Moore’s death and the Commissioner therefore correctly denied the Estate’s claimed 

charitable deductions.

AFFIRMED.