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~ ' • .:.:1~FORM NO. 84 • • 

· Office Memorandum • uN1TEn s~ATEs GOVERNMENT 

TO : ~5, ~~ DATB: fl &cl /f.S-3 

FROM : 

SUBJECT: 
• ..., 

REF ID:A70040 . 

A REFERENCE LIST OF CRYPrOGRA.PHIC APPARATUS 

1. U.S. Army Cipher Disk 

A cipher device used at one time by the U.S. Army, consisting 

of two concentric disks, one disk having a normal alphabet written 

around its edge, and the other bearing a reversed normal alphabet. 

The earliest known cipher disk is credited to Leon Batista Alberti, 

Italian cryptographer of the fifteenth century. An example of a 

device of this t:{Pe is found in U.S. patent 1,500,077 (S.H. Huntington, l July 1924). 

2. Saint Qvr Slide 

A sliding-strip device using two normal alphabets, so named 

after the French military academy where its use was taught about lS~o. A simple device of this type is shm'n in U.S. patent 847,767 (1,~. c. Harlan, 19 March 1907) • 

3. Wheatstone G:i.pher Device 

A device co~sisting of a dial composed of two independent 

circles of letters, the outer ring having 27 equal segments and the 

inner ring having-26 equal segments. Two pointers are pivoted at 

the center, the longer hand serving the outer ring and the shorter 

the inner. These hands are so geared together that for each complete 

revolution of the longer, the smaller turns through one revolution 

and 1/26. The principle is credited to Sir Charles.Wheatstone (1879), 

but it has been shown recently that an American, Decius Wadsworth, 

constructed an identical device in 1817. The Wheatstchne principle 

is embodied in U.S. patent 801,964 (J.s.· Beeman, 17 October 1905). 

4. u. s. Army Cipher -Device, Type I~-94 

An obsolete U.S. Army cipher device employing a cylinder consisting of 25 disks, each disk containing a different mixed alphabet. 

The principle of the device was first proposed by Thomas Jefferson 

(circa 1800). Jefferson's description was discovered in 1922 among 

his personal papers in the Library of Congress (vol. 232, item 41575, 

Jefferson's Papers). It was independently invented by a French 

cryptographer, Etienne Bazerles, in 1891, and still later (1914) by 

Capt. Parker Hitt, U.S. Army. 'Ih.e device is shown in British pa.tent 

1891-11,324 (E. Bazeries, J4 rr.a.y 1892). • 
1· 

• REF ID:A70040 

5. Sphinx Cipher Device 

A commercial device manufactured in France, consisting or 

ten sliding alphabet strips within an aluminum frame. The device 

is described in U.S. patent 1,956,384 (A. Gentet, 24 April 1934). 

6. Kryha Cipher Device · 

A commercial, mechanical cipher device manufactured in Germany 

before World War II. It consists or two concentric disks bearing 

alphabets, the inner disk rotating against the outer, and a gear 

wheel which imparts, a variable movement of the rotating disk after 

the encipherment or each lett~r. A d~scription of the device 

--a.ppears in U.S. patent 1, 744,347 (A. von Kryha, 21 January 1930). 

7. Hae:elin Cip~er ~.~chine (Models C-36 and C-381 

A small, commercial, tape-printing, mechanical cipher machine ~ontaining pin-wheels which, in effect, impart a variable movement · to a normal alphabet sliding against a reversed normal alphabet. 

This machine is sold by the Aktiebolaget Cryptoteknik, Stocldlolm, ~weden. It is described in U.S. patent 2,089,q03 (B. Hagelin, 

10 August 1937). 

8. B-211 6ipher l!lachine 

An electro-mechanical, keyboard cipher machine, available 

commercially, which employs pin-wheels and a kind of rotor to 

encipher plain-text messages. Y.anufactured and sold by the Aktiebolaget Cryptoteknik, Stockholm, Sweden. See British pa.tent 

418,877 (B. Hagelin, 1 Nov,ember 1934). · 

9~ Enigma Cipher Ma.chine 

A commercial, electro-mechanical cipher machine-containing 

a number of rotating electrically-wired wheels which encipher or 

decipher according to the keys which are struck on a keyboard. 

Manufactured in Germany before World War II by the Chiffriermaschinen 

Aktiengesellschafi, Berlin. See U.S. patent 1,705,641 ~V. Korn, 

19 March 1929).