# Patent

## Title
Control system for cooking appliance employing radiant cooking

## Abstract

A cooking appliance includes a heating system which is preferably capable of combining radiant, convection, microwave and conduction heating techniques to perform a cooking operation. The cooking appliance includes a convection fan and at least one heating element. A controller is provided to regulate a triac to maintain a desired heater intensity through phase angle firing. Essentially, an AC waveform provided to the heater resistor travels through the triac which is turned on by the controller at predetermined points in the AC waveform, with the delay from a zero point waveform crossing functioning to regulate the amount of power sent to the heater resistor. When the signal from the controller is removed, the triac advantageously turns off at the next zero crossing of the AC waveform such that an operationally and economically effective control system is provided.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/560,280 entitled “Control System for Cooking Appliance Employing Radiant Cooking” filed Apr. 8, 2004.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to the art of cooking appliances and, more particularly, to a system for controlling the heat output of a radiant heating device in a compact cooking appliance which is preferably capable of combining radiant, convection, conduction and microwave heating techniques to perform a cooking operation and can be connected to varying voltage supplies.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
There exist a wide range of cooking appliances on the market. Many of these cooking appliances are designed for use in cooking various types of food products in different ways. For instance, where more conventional cooking appliances generally relied upon radiant energy as the sole heat source, more recent trends combine a radiant heat source with convection, microwave or conduction heating techniques, thereby increasing the versatility of the cooking appliance while potentially shortening required cook times. In particular, the prior art contains examples of appliances that combine radiant and convection cooking; convection, microwave and radiant cooking; and microwave, convection and conduction heating techniques.
Regardless of the existence of these known arrangements, there still exists a need for a cooking appliance that combines each of radiant, convection, microwave and conduction heating techniques in an efficient and effective manner to handle a wide range of food items. Particularly, there exists a need for a cooking appliance that can be used to rapidly prepare food products that require numerous different heat sources for full and complete cooking. For example, the rapid preparation of commercially produced, open-faced grilled sandwiches raises various cooking concerns. Open-faced grilled sandwiches require, at the very least, that heat be directed both downward onto an upper portion of the sandwich and upward onto a lower bun portion of the sandwich. In most cases this is accomplished by passing the open-faced sandwich on a conveyor belt through an oven between opposing radiant heat sources. While effective to a degree, the process can be time consuming and really does not result in a uniform heating of the meat, cheese and/or other toppings on the bread, nor an even toasting of the bread itself. In addition to this potential problem, a dual radiant oven of this type is simply not suitable for many other applications. For instance, an additional microwave oven or the like would typically be employed to heat soup or other liquid-based food items.
Regardless of the variety of known cooking appliances, there exists the need for a versatile cooking appliance that can preferably take advantage of radiant, convection, microwave and conductive cooking techniques such that the appliance can be used to rapidly and effectively cook a wide range of food items. When providing such a versatile cooking appliance, it is desirable to be able to operate one or more heating elements at a consistent intensity, even though the power supplied to the appliance may vary. In particular, a resistance heater is sized to provide a specific intensity for a specified AC voltage input. For example, a heating element may be rated at 900 watts for an input voltage of 208 volts AC. If less than the rated voltage is applied, the output heat of the heating element is correspondingly lowered. If more than the rated voltage is applied, an increase in the heat output will occur, while the useful life of the heating element will be shortened.
To address this concern, it is possible to provide a controller with structure that senses the input voltage and switches the output of a transformer, thereby enabling a consistent voltage to be sent to a heating element, such as a magnetron. Unfortunately, the added costs associated with such controller structure, as well as an automatic transformer, can be cost and/or weight prohibitive in connection with certain cooking appliances. For this reason, most cooking appliances are rated for a single particular input, such as 208 or 230 volts.
Based on the above, there exists a need for a control system that can effectively and efficiently regulate the output of a heating element in a cooking appliance, without the need for an input voltage sensor, an auto transformer or other complicated and costly electronic structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a cooking appliance including a cooking chamber having top, bottom, rear and opposing side walls, at least one radiant heating element exposed to the cooking chamber, a convection fan, a microwave heating device having at least one rotatable antenna and a conduction heating device, all of which can be operated in combination to perform a cooking operation. In accordance with the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the cooking appliance also includes an air plenum arranged at a top portion of the cooking chamber. The air plenum is bifurcated so as to define two distinct passages separated by an angled divider. The angled divider defines a tapered air delivery portion and a tapered exhaust portion within the bifurcated air plenum. The tapered air delivery portion guides a convective air flow through an air emitter plate positioned at the top wall of the cooking chamber.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the air emitter plate includes a recessed, serpentine-like channel having a plurality of openings that lead to the air delivery portion. Nested within the recessed channel is the radiant heating element. With this arrangement, not only does the radiant heating element deliver radiant heat, but heat is transferred from the radiant heating element to the convection cooking air delivered into the cooking chamber. The air currents are furnished by a convection fan positioned in a fan housing, preferably arranged behind the cooking chamber.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the cooking appliance includes a cooling fan arranged in a housing located behind the fan housing. The cooling fan draws an ambient air flow into the cooking appliance through an air intake that extends below the cooking chamber. A first portion of the intake air flow is preferably directed to the convection fan, while a second or major portion of the air flow is used to cool control elements, such as control boards, electronics, relays and the like arranged in the appliance. Preferably, the cooling fan is drivingly connected to the convection fan. With this arrangement, activation of the cooling fan establishes both the intake air flow for cooling system components and a fresh convection air flow supply that combines with other heating techniques to perform the combined cooking operation.
A particular aspect of the present invention concerns a control system for regulating a heating device of the appliance. In accordance with the most preferred embodiment of the invention, a circuit, including a relay and a triac, are arranged on a control board. The circuit is specifically designed to control the heating device to maintain a desired output level. By modifying the AC waveform delivered to the heating device, the control system can effectively alter the power delivered to the heating device in order to maintain a desired heater output. Essentially, a microprocessor is provided to turn the triac on and off at various points in the AC waveform, thereby establishing waveform chopping operations. When the control signal from the microprocessor is removed, the triac turns off at the next zero crossing of the waveform. By turning the AC voltage on at various points in the AC waveform, the triac essentially limits the power going through the controlled components which, in this case, constitute the heating device. In this manner, a relatively inexpensive, yet highly effective, way of controlling the heating device is achieved.
Additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts in the several views.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an upper right perspective view of a cooking appliance incorporating a combination heating system constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the cooking appliance of FIG. 1 with a cooking chamber of the appliance exposed;
FIG. 3 is an upper right perspective view of the cooking appliance of FIG. 1 with an outer cabinet portion of the appliance removed;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the cooking appliance constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a top portion of a cooking chamber of the appliance;
FIG. 6 is schematic drawing of a control circuit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7a is chart showing a waveform of the control circuit at a first level of operation;
FIG. 7b is chart showing a waveform of the control circuit at another level of operation; and
FIG. 7c is chart showing a waveform of the control circuit at a further level of operation.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With initial reference to FIGS. 1–3, a cooking appliance constructed in accordance with the present invention is generally indicated at 2. As shown, cooking appliance 2 includes a base frame 3 to which is secured an outer cabinet shell 4 having top and opposing side panels 6–8. Cooking appliance 2 is also provided with a front face or wall 9 and a rear panel 10. Arranged at a lower portion of front wall 9 is an intake air vent 12 through which, as will be discussed more fully below, an ambient air flow enters into cabinet shell 4. In addition, cabinet shell 4 includes a plurality of air discharge vents, indicated generally at 14, arranged on side panel 7. Vents 14 enable cooling air to exit from within cooking appliance 2, thereby removing heat from within cabinet shell 4. Cabinet shell 4 is secured over base frame 3 through a plurality of fasteners 16, with the fasteners 16 arranged along front wall 9 being secured at tabs 17 (see FIG. 3).
As best seen in FIG. 2, arranged within cabinet shell 4 is a cooking chamber 20 having top, bottom, rear and opposing side walls 21–25. In a manner known in the art, a door 29 is pivotally mounted to front wall 9 to selectively enable access to cooking chamber 20. Toward that end, door 29 includes a handle 30 and a window 31 for viewing the contents of cooking chamber 20 during a cooking operation. Although not shown, window 31 includes a screen (not shown) that prevents microwave energy fields from escaping from within cooking chamber 20 during a cooking operation. Handle 30 is adapted to interconnect to upper and lower latching mechanisms 34 and 35 so as to retain door 29 in a closed position and prevent operation of cooking appliance 2 whenever door 29 is opened.
Cooking appliance 2 is shown to include upper and side control panels 39 and 40, each of which includes a respective set of control buttons or elements 41 and 42. The sets of control elements 41 and 42, in combination with a digital display 44, enable a user to establish particular cooking operations for cooking appliance 2. For instance, control elements 41 can be used to establish the heating parameters of cooking appliance 2, while control elements 42 enable stored cooking times and/or operations to be readily selected. Since the general programming of cooking appliance 2 does not form part of the present invention, these features will not be described further herein.
As further shown in FIG. 2, cooking appliance 2 includes a plenum cover 62 arranged at an upper portion of cooking chamber 20. As will be discussed more fully below, plenum cover 62 includes a plurality of openings, indicated generally at 63, that enable an exhaust air flow to pass from cooking chamber 20. Arranged behind plenum cover 62 is a bifurcated air plenum 67 (see FIG. 4) that provides air flow management for cooking chamber 20 during a cooking operation. More specifically, an air emitter plate 72 extends rearward from a lower portion of plenum cover 62 to rear wall 23 of cooking chamber 20. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, air emitter plate 72 includes a plurality of strategically placed openings 73 that are exposed to a lower portion of bifurcated plenum 67. A radiant heating device 80, including first and second radiant heating elements 82 and 83 (see FIG. 2), preferably extends along air emitter plate 72. More specifically, radiant heating elements 82 and 83 are constituted by sheathed, electric resistive elements, each having a serpentine-like pattern that extends fore-to-aft across a section of air emitter plate 72. In the most preferred embodiment, each heating element 82, 83 is capable of delivering 900 watts of energy into cooking chamber 20. More preferably, each heating element 82, 83 is configured to produce 60 watts/in2− of power. Cooking appliance 2 also includes a convection air intake vent 85 having a plurality of convection air openings 86 positioned on rear wall 23 of cooking chamber 20.
As shown best with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, cooking appliance 2 includes a microwave heating device 100 incorporating first and second magnetrons 102 and 103 (see FIG. 3) that are adapted to generate and direct a combined microwave energy field into cooking chamber 20. As seen in FIG. 4, first and second magnetrons 102 and 103 include respective first and second rotating antenna assemblies 107 and 108. Each rotating antenna assembly 107, 108 includes an antenna portion 110, 111, a housing portion 113, 114 and a gear member 116, 117 respectively. In accordance with a preferred form of the invention, antenna assemblies 107 and 108 are arranged below bottom wall 22 of cooking chamber 20. In further accordance with the invention, antenna portions 110 and 111 are rotated so as to develop a uniform, constructive standing microwave energy field within cooking chamber 20. That is, antenna assemblies 107 and 108 are rotated by a drive motor 120 having a drive gear 121 which is drivingly connected to each of gears 116 and 117 of antenna assemblies 107 and 108, preferably through a gear train (not shown).
Referring to FIG. 3, magnetrons 102 and 103 are arranged in a microwave housing portion 131 of cooking appliance 2. Microwave housing portion 131 includes an angled divider 133 and a vertical divider 134. Although not shown, vertical divider 134 is formed with an opening leading beneath magnetron 102. In order to prevent magnetrons 102 and 103 from overheating, cooking appliance 2 is provided with a microwave cooling system 135 that includes a blower assembly 136 which is drivingly connected to a drive motor 138 positioned within a duct 139. Duct 139 extends from drive motor 138 to an opening 141 arranged below angled divider 133. With this arrangement, activation of cooking appliance 2 causes drive motor 138 to rotate, whereby blower assembly 136 establishes a cooling air flow. The cooling air flow is guided through opening 141 toward magnetron 103 due to the presence of angled divider 133. The cooling air flow circulates about magnetron 103, through vertical divider 134, across magnetron 102 and up along angled divider 133, in order to provide a cooling effect for magnetrons 102 and 103, before exiting cooking appliance 2 through vents 14.
In addition to microwave cooling system 135, cooking appliance 2 includes an air intake system 160 having an associated drive motor 162 coupled to an impeller 163. Drive motor 162 rotates impeller 163 so as to draw in an ambient air flow A through intake air vent 12. Intake air vent 12 leads to an intake air duct 166, while passing about drive motor 120 for antenna assemblies 107 and 108. A majority of the air flow A is circulated within a rear control housing portion 170 in order to cool a plurality of electronic components 172, including a main control board 175 which is adapted to receive input and/or programming instructions through control elements 41, 42 in order to establish and set various cooking operations for cooking appliance 2.
In addition to driving impeller 163, drive motor 162 operates a convection fan 200 positioned within a convection fan housing 202 that, in the embodiment shown, is arranged behind rear wall 23 of cooking chamber 20. More specifically, convection fan 200 is drivingly connected for concurrent rotation with impeller 163 through a drive shaft 205 such that operation of drive motor 162 is translated to convection fan 200 to establish a convective air flow B. Convective air flow B is passed over a convection air heating element 210 and delivered into cooking chamber 20 through openings 73 in air emitter plate 72. More specifically, as will be discussed further below, convective air flow B is directed into bifurcated air plenum 67 before passing into cooking chamber 20.
In further accordance with the preferred form of the invention, bifurcated air plenum 67 includes an angled divider plate 216 that defines a tapered air delivery portion 220 and a corresponding tapered exhaust portion 221. In the embodiment shown, air delivery portion 220 is essentially defined by air emitter plate 72, angled divider plate 216 and part of rear wall 23, while exhaust portion 221 is defined by plenum cover 62, top wall 21 and angled divider plate 216. In any event, air flow B developed through operation of convection fan 200 is heated by heating element 210, directed into air delivery portion 220 of bifurcated air plenum 67 and then lead into cooking chamber 20 through openings 73. The tapering of air delivery portion 220 is provided so that air initially entering bifurcated air plenum 67 from convection fan 200 passes through openings 73 in air emitter plate 72 with substantially the same pressure as air reaching an end portion (not separately labeled) of tapered air delivery portion 220.
As a portion of the cooking operation is constituted by convection heating, convective air flow B circulates about cooking chamber 20. This heated air flow has been found to particularly enhance the even cooking of a food item. As further represented in FIG. 4, a first portion of convective air flow B passes into convection air intake vent 85 through openings 86. The convective air flow B is heated/reheated by heating element 210 before being passed back into cooking chamber 20. At the same time, a second, preferably smaller portion of convective air flow B passes through openings 63 in plenum cover 62 and is directed out of cooking appliance 2. More specifically, plenum cover 62 leads into tapered exhaust portion 221. The exhaust air flow D entering into tapered exhaust portion 221 is passed upward into an exhaust duct 229 before exiting through an exhaust outlet 230 that, in the embodiment shown, is arranged at an upper rear portion of cooking appliance 2. To replace the lost air flow, convection fan 200 preferably draws or siphons a portion of air flow A. For this purpose, one or more openings 235 are provided in duct 166 in order to introduce fresh ambient air to the overall, circulating air flow. In this manner, certain cooking effluents, including moisture and steam, exit cooking chamber 20 through exhaust outlet 230, while a fresh supply of air is introduced into the remaining, recirculated air flow due to the presence of opening(s) 235.
In further accordance with the present invention, cooking appliance 2 includes a conductive heating device 250 that, in the most preferred form of the invention, defines bottom wall 22 of cooking chamber 20. Conductive heating device 250 is preferably constituted by a ceramic stone plate adapted to support food items within cooking chamber 20. Conductive heating device 250 advantageously provides a thermal conduction path for heating and browning of a food item. More specifically, upon activation of cooking appliance 2, radiant heat produced by heating elements 82 and 83 combines with convective air flow B generated by convection fan 200 to heat conduction heating device 250. Conductive heating device 250 is transparent to microwave energy so that microwave energy fields emitted by magnetrons 102 and 103 pass upward into cooking chamber 20 and further contribute to the overall cooking operation. In further accordance with the invention, conductive heating device 250 is supported upon a plurality of support brackets, such as those indicated at 255 and 256, to enable or facilitate removal of conductive heating device 250 for cleaning or other purposes.
With particular reference to FIG. 5, air emitter plate 72 is preferably formed from anodized cast aluminum and provided with a pair of fore-to-aft extending recessed channels 280. Recessed channels 280 are provided with a plurality of openings 284. Heating elements 82 and 83 are nested within recessed channels 280 adjacent openings 284. As shown, each heating element 82, 83 includes a pair of electrodes 286 and 287 spaced from side walls 24 and 25 by an insulator 290. With this mounting arrangement, not only do heating elements 82 and 83 provide a source of radiant heat, but convective air flow B passing through openings 284 is heated by the additional thermal energy generated by heating elements 82 and 83 as air flow B passes from air delivery portion 210 of air plenum 67 into cooking chamber 20. Therefore, by being routed between, across and around respective ones of the various strategically placed openings 284, heating elements 82 and 83 evenly distribute thermal and infrared energy to the food being cooked.
With this overall combined cooking arrangement, a food item, for example, an open-faced sandwich placed within cooking chamber 20, can be exposed to a four-way combination cooking operation, i.e. radiant, microwave, convection and conductive heating techniques. The combination of the aforementioned heating techniques serves to cook the food item in an expeditious manner, while maintaining the required food quality. In addition, combining the aforementioned heating techniques enables cooking appliance 2 to be readily adapted to cook a wide range of food items in an efficient and effective manner, while also establishing an overall compact unit.
The above description of the preferred construction of cooking appliance 2 is provided for the sake of completeness and is covered by co-pending U.S. patent application entitled “Cooking Appliance including Combination Heating System” filed on even date herewith and incorporated by reference. The present invention is particularly directed to the arrangement and control of one of more heating devices in cooking appliance 2, such as heating devices 80 and/or 210. To this end, reference is made to FIG. 6 which schematically depicts a circuit of the control system for heating device 80. As provided in accordance with the preferred embodiment shown, a standard 220 volt AC supply current, such as that typically employed in a household for appliances, is utilized. As an AC, 220 volt power supply is employed, the power is connected between two out-of-phase sources 300 and 301. This of course is quite different from the 110 volt supply typically found in a household, wherein one line is connected to neutral, while the other line is connected to a hot or live source. As both incoming lines are active in this case, a relay 310 is provided in the circuit, particularly for safety reasons. A controller 320, including a control board with a microprocessor (not individually labeled) is provided to regulate relay 310. Additionally, there is provided a triac 330 which allows current to travel therethrough only upon a signal from controller 320.
Essentially, triac 330 provides the capability of turning the power line on or off at various times. Rather than turning triac 330 on and keeping triac 330 on all the time during operation of cooking appliance 2, in accordance with the present invention, controller 320 only turns triac 330 on at various points in the AC waveform, i.e., a waveform chopping operation is performed, to effectively lower the overall power load. When a control signal from controller 320 is removed, triac 330 automatically turns off at the next zero crossing of the AC waveform. By turning the AC voltage on at various points in the AC waveform, triac 330 is essentially limiting the power going through the heating device, in this case, heating device 80. In the example presented, an output of 900 watts is desired at 208 volts. In general, the resistance, voltage and wattage are interrelated in a known manner in dependence upon the material of the heating element. In any case, in accordance with the invention, heating device 80 is selected so as to be oversized. Specifically, it is determined what size heating device 80 at 230 watts would have an output of 900 watts at 208 volts. In this example, 1500 watt elements are employed. At this point, it should be noted that other devices or loads, such as heating element 210, could be controlled in this manner as set forth in accordance with the present invention. In either case, it is simply important to note at this point that the heating element or device must be oversized in accordance with the invention.
Turning now to FIGS. 7a–7c, there is shown examples of waveforms produced by controller 320 in combination with triac 330. With reference to FIG. 7a, if a 900 watt heating element at 208 volts was utilized, then heating device 80 could operate at 100% all the time, i.e., the AC waveform would be a standard output AC waveform with no chopping. That is, in this case, 208 volts is applied to achieve the desired 900 watts. In other words, triac 330 is essentially on all the time and allows the passage of current to achieve the 900 watts output at 208 volts. However, as indicated above, the heating device 80 in accordance with the invention is oversized, e.g. a 1500 watt element. More specifically, in the example provided, 1500 watt, 230 volt heating elements 82 and 83 are installed in cooking appliance 2 but, when cooking appliance 2 is plugged into a 208 volt source, there will still be a desired output of 900 watts. In FIG. 7b, 208 volts is applied to the 1500 watt heater element(s) in accordance with the invention. To achieve the desired 900 watts, the AC waveform is chopped via triac 330 so that the effective power delivered to heating device 80 has been reduced in order to maintain the desired intensity. The reduction actually occurs after the wavepoint hits a zero point. More specifically, there is a delay before triac 330 turns on and thus passes current as clearly marked in this figure. Finally, in the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 7c, the 1500 watt heating device receives 230 volts. The power permitted to be delivered to heating device 80 has been reduced even further, such that the delay before triac 330 turns on and thus allows current to flow is quite long. Indeed almost half the waveform is prevented from traveling through triac 330 such that heating device 80 is essentially receiving about 50% power.
Based on the above, it should be readily apparent that triac 330 is employed to maintain a substantially consistent heater intensity in cooking appliance 2 that employs an oversized heating device 80. To sustain the heat output level, relay 310 and triac 330 are added to the control board of controller 320 to perform phase angle firing. Essentially, the AC waveform provided to the heater resistor travels through triac 330 which is regulated by controller 320. Triac 330 is turned on at predetermined point in the AC waveform, with the delay from a zero point waveform crossing functioning to reduce the amount of power sent to the heater resistor. When the signal from controller 320 is removed, triac 330 advantageously turns off at the next zero crossing of the AC waveform. In this manner, an operationally and economically effective control system is provided.
Although described with reference to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and/or modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. In general, the invention is only intended to be limited to the scope of the following claims.

## Claims

1. A cooking appliance comprising:
a cabinet including top, bottom rear and opposing side walls;
a cooking chamber including top, bottom, rear and opposing side walls and a frontal opening;
a door movably mounted relative to the cooking chamber for selectively closing the frontal opening;
a heating device provided in the cabinet for performing a portion of a cooking operation, said heating device having a power rating which is substantially oversized relative to a desired maximum power output; and
a control system for regulating an intensity of the heating device during a cooking operation to achieve a selected cooking temperature by altering an AC waveform provided to the heating device, said control system including a triac, as well as a controller for turning on the triac at select points in the AC waveform to create a delay from a zero point crossing of the AC waveform, thereby altering an amount of power sent to the heating device such that the desired maximum power output is obtained, whereby the control system enables the cooking appliance to operate with varying voltages with the control system regulating the heating device to achieve the selected cooking temperature by chopping the AC waveform through the triac as needed to establish the desired maximum power output.

2. The cooking appliance according to claim 1, wherein the AC waveform is provided by first and second out-of-phase sources.

3. The cooking appliance according to claim 2, wherein the triac is arranged in series between the second source of the AC waveform and the heating device.

4. The cooking appliance according to claim 2, further comprising: a relay connected in series between the first source of the AC waveform and the heating device.

5. The cooking appliance according to claim 4, wherein the triac is arranged in series between the second source of the AC waveform and the heating device and in parallel with the relay.

6. A cooking appliance comprising:
a cabinet including top, bottom rear and opposing side walls;
a cooking chamber including top, bottom, rear and opposing side walls and a frontal opening;
a door movably mounted relative to the cooking chamber for selectively closing the frontal opening;
a heating device provided in the cabinet for performing a portion of a cooking operation, said heating device having a power rating which is substantially oversized relative to a desired maximum power output; and
means for regulating an intensity of the heating device during a cooking operation to achieve a selected cooking temperature by altering an AC waveform provided to the heating device, said regulating means including a triac which is turned on at select points in the AC waveform to create a delay from a zero point crossing of the AC waveform, thereby altering an amount of power sent to the heating device such that the desired maximum power output is obtained, whereby the control system enables the cooking appliance to operate with varying voltages with the control system regulating the heating device to achieve the selected cooking temperature by chopping the AC waveform through the triac as needed to establish the desired maximum power output.

7. The cooking appliance according to claim 6, wherein the AC waveform is provided by first and second out-of-phase sources.

8. The cooking appliance according to claim 7, wherein the triac is arranged in series between the second source of the AC waveform and the heating device.

9. The cooking appliance according to claim 7, wherein the regulating means further comprises a relay connected in series between the first source of the AC waveform and the heating device.

10. The cooking appliance according to claim 9, wherein the triac is arranged in series between the second source of the AC waveform and the heating device and in parallel with the relay.

11. A method of performing a cooking operation while maintaining a desired intensity of a heating device in a cooking appliance:
placing a food item onto a cooking chamber of the cooking appliance;
activating a heating device, which has a power rating substantially oversized relative to a maximum desired power output, to create heat introduced into the cooking chamber to achieve a desired temperature;
providing AC power, having an AC waveform, to the heating device; and
regulating an amount of power sent to the heating device during a cooking operation to achieve the maximum desired power output by altering the AC waveform provided to the heating device by turning on a triac at select points in the AC waveform to create a delay from a zero point crossing of the AC waveform, whereby the amount of power is regulated by chopping the AC waveform through the triac as needed to establish the desired maximum power output so as to achieve the desired temperature, while enabling the appliance to operate with varying voltages.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: activating a relay to complete a current path from a first source of the AC power to the heating device.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising: turning the triac on to complete a current path from a second source of the AC power to the heating device.