. 

RESlRIClED .. 

A."Bi!' SECu1llTY AG~Y SCHOOL 

SPr'ECHES LELIV~ BY 

J:R. WILLIA?.. F. FR.IEDiiU.N 

COLONEL Hn...~OLlJ J. ~Y?.S 

LT. 3F~. STEdlEN J. CIW'B1-:RLIN 

On t~e Occasion of" the Grnc."uation of 

THE FI&,"T AL'VANCED CLASS ... 

ARLi'Y SECURITY ~FJiCI OFFICIR GENtRAL COURSE 

7 if81' 194CJ 

IWBICTEll 

! 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 04-30-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 
' \ 

REF ~D:Ap:5368 

RESTRICTED SPE~H GIVEN BY •AR. FRIEDLWI 

I deem it a great honor and a rather unusual privilege to 

have been selected to say a. few Y'Ords or an introductory nature 

and to serve somewhat in the capacity of master of ceremonies 

this morning. I say that it is a great honor ~d a rather unusual privilege for two reasons. First, t feel honored because, 

as Colonel Hayes will explain to you presently, this is a somewhat historic occasion in the annals or the U. S. ~. It is 

the first graduation of its kind in the Army' and, indeed, in 

the United States --- that is, it is a graduation wherein the 

graduation exercises of a school specializing in a field 

usua.l.q surrounded \1ith so muc"' secrecy are not being conducted 

at midnight in a p1tch•black room. Also, it is the first 

graduation exercise of tho Advanced Course in the Army Security 

Agencr/ Officers School. 

It is a rather unusual privilege, I feel, to have been 

seleoted tor this honor, becR~se it doesn't often happen that 

a man is so fortunate as 1;o be permitted, by the Supreme...Power 

who guides all our destinies, to live long enough to see a 

science and a school devoted to th~t scie~Qe grow as ; have 

aeen them grow, ~cience, as ?O all know, moves very, very 

slow,J.71 In the ~~st few years, of course, there has ~een a 

great acceleration in the spoed with which all sciences have 

bQen advancing, 'bllt in our field the advances have been exception- all,y netabla~ And it is rather unusual for a man to see, in hjf 

own aliort lite span, eio remarkable and so large a segment or , aq'V'allceme~t occur as has occurred in the period from 1918 to 

J,94g. 

Now I wish it were possible tQ i~dicate from this platform. 

for the groatar interest of our guests, some ot the significant 

advances in cryptologic science which I have witnessed in my 

lifetime and ntiich those who are graduating today have had tho 

opportunity to study. But I am sure that all present apprecia~€ 

the reasQns why this is not possible. I find myself this morm.ri • 

in somewhat the same position I found myself in a dream I had 

the other night. 

I dreamt that my call had cone, and as I was being ferried 

across the River styx, the ch'lp who was running the ~rry, a 

transport engineer whooe name in Groek mythology is Charon, 

asked to see a copy or m.y orders. I pulled out a copy from ~Y 

briefcase and immediately becamo embarrassed. I felt as we all 

do in a dream which finds us nonc'1alnntly sauntering down the 

boulevard -- noncbalantl.J, that is, until we suddenly disco·1a .... • 

that we are minus certain nrcessary articles of apparel. For 

YJhen I looked at what I was about to hand the ferryman as a trae 

copy of my orders, I sav only a completely blank sheet of p~per. 

This. however, did not seem to take Engineer Charon by surprise, fe~ he prgcceded at Qnc• to produce a bottle containing some 

ehemieal and a brus" w'll!eh he usea to app!T same- -o-r the liqidd 

to the blank sheet of paper. In a moment his face lit up and 

ho said: tteb. 1 yes;- l'riecinran., I've been wa.it.ing ~or- 'fOU· I 

know just where to take ;rou. 11 He ferried mo then to a l.l:mding, 

where I debarked and .fotind aa 1Jnposing arcqed,, ga~~ iatq 4, 

thickq wooded park. By the gate was a simpe sign stating: 

11Thia way to the BSA •11 

I immediately recognized that the SA stood tor Security 

Agonoy, bUt whether the H represented Heaven or Hell was not 

clear to me. I'm sorry to have to tell you t~at it never did 

become clear, for reasons v•hich you will soon realize. However, 

I proceeded along a dark path in the direction indicated by on 

invisible hand, coming preaent.17 to the main gate of a reservation surrounded by a double tence. The guards at the gate 
REF ID:A6S368 

RESTRIU1t--

teau1red me to present another copy of 1111' orders and tho aame 

chemical procedure thde produced raiulta which got me maida 

t,he enclosure, I reported to the proper .authorities at 

Beadquartora Bliilding and was signed in v;ithout undue dela,ya 

I was thereupqh aent to the Training Sdhool where I apont 

soma weeks while the authoritios went tbtough tho slow and 

CQmplicated steps of o'b1;aining for me a Cl'1Ptographia cloaranco 

and a. lo;yalty check• I ca.n1t and won't attempt to toll :rou · 

what I learnt in the Training School;. one thing I did s 

learn, howevot, was 'llhat the 'H in the HSll. atdod tor. None of 

the other trainees knew, either; and the inatru.ctora, vhon 

aaked, gave answers that were very ambip.oua; or olao thoy were 

in aocret languqa, the key to which thq held back. In due 

eourae, I received a certain tJ'po ot b~e. It )μid 1117 photo, :flame, date of birth, aarial number and KOS-~ R. I now was 

readJ' for ID1' tirat job assignment. A guide toot me into a 

building ~ich i could 19ae was dividad into l.lq'ge and small 

rooms, and baaauao o£ my spacial b.-uiga I we.a alloved to wander 

at ri.11. 

In one of tho large roOl'la I aw a number qt groups of 

peoplo oach irltdbt on what appeared to bs the ~ome task, .... or na.s it plaaaure7 -- n'll!loly, rolling dico. 11Aha.,n I thought, 

II.Tbs B must stand tor Hoavon. I'm going to like this place.'' So I anunterod casuaJ.l1' toward a rat~er amall group snd stood 

bohind one o£ tha plqGl'a, to do a littlo kib1tz1ng. To m:r 

astonishment I bsg'l"...n to raco~nize aome of the plQTers. A 

famous mathematician DOJl'.ed Bernoulli, lmoel:lng on the floor, 

was rolling tho bones; Trithemiua, Porta, Cardon, Viete, 

laa1sk1, Be.series, the U:arquia do Viaris, and othar famous 

C1'7Ptographara, all on their kneos, were absorbed in watching 

the results. I d.11 not attemp"t; to duplicate the language 

uaed by Bernoulli to accompaJV' the tbrodng of the dice or 

that used bJ the others \ll'ho were watching; mqbe I didn't 

understand because it was all in a special kind of secret 

language. But auriousq enough, the procedinga were not very rapid. In fact, af'ter each throw Bernoulli called out the 

results to a. aoribo who •a sitting at a doak oft a little to 

one aide and who recorded them in tabular torm in a large book. 

I Tlent. ovor to the scribe who turned out f.o be Poisson 

and asked tdrila H\1bat1 a co.E>Jd.ng211 '-'Can't 7ou see," he rapli~d 

without looking up, •

110 .are l!leas1ng up the l:iwa of proba.bilit7 

• to contOUDd the atudonta ot the Army Saau.rit;y Apn07 Officers 

School on Enrth7• Then ho lookod up, gave mo a searching 

glance, and asked: •mio :ire ,you Bl1d how did 7011 got in horct?11 

With ao111e emba.Z'raaamont I found tho.t rq badge had somehow 

become hidden bobind rq board. I haatiq pulled the badge out 

from bcmim the ahrubbory and displayed it. He took one look 

at it, road IQ" name alowq, hopped. down tram his stool, rushod 

over to the group, and excla.imod.e "Friedman's reported in tor 

duty -- 70u Jmow,thB ono thq cnll 'Uncle Willie' at the ASA. 11 

Trithemius strokod his t'hiators aolG111nl,y and saids 11Fr19Cr'an, 

oh? wasn't he the tollov. '1ho gavo the firat Cl'1Ptologic course, 

in 1918, and than lived on tor thirty 7eara to help with the 

1948 courso7 Ho' a just the tallow n 1ro looking tor. lhybo 

he 1 a tho ono mo v:ill tell ua at least something about tne naw 

davelop:nonta that havo turnad up in thoaa th1rt7 79ara.- It 1 s 

a terrific job to find out anythi~ at all about t.'lo ASA -- thq 1 ra all ao aocur:l.ty-cODBcioua ! Front and torn.rd, Friedman, 

and tell ua all about it. 11 With aome tear I repl:l.od: 11 I 

can't! I took a aolam oath not to tell; and boaidu, an 

kecutive Ordor doGan 1t perm.it it.• "Executive Ofd,er, 11 

exclaimed Trithaniua, "'Rho11e Executive Order711 "A Pro11idnntial 

ExGout:lve Order, 11 I replied. Trithemiua reached tor the 

telephone, dialed zero and soon began apoalr:ing. "Thera1 a a 

chap here named Friedman who ha• jwst reported 1n frol'l Earth. 

I've ordered h1m to te~l u.- what's boen going on at the Al"1D7 

R~lRIGfED 
REF ID:A65368 

SecUl'ity Agency for the past thirty years and he rei'uses to talk. 

Says he's under a special secrocy oath and besides, he says, there's 

now a Presidential Executive Oraer against it. 11 He listened for 

a few seconds, hung up tlio rE'c':liver, turned to me and said: 11The 

Chief of tho HSd. has authorized me to StJ.Y' that in case you won't 

talk of your o,i:n volition ~nCI tho rest of us f~il to got you to 

talk, tvro t~ings arc going to hr.ppen. First, as a special punishment, you 1.ill br, ~ssi~od tho job of expunging from ~vory single 

book on cr-·ptarmlysis -- most cspeci"l.lly from your ov:n -- all such 

phrases as 'It is obvious that' and similar nonsenee. Scco~d, 

he's going to hold up beginning i~.mediately, all appropriations 

for tho Departments of Wine, \Vornon and Song !11 Tho thrc'lt of such 

dire consequences and tho fact that the l'1hole group became so 

menacing in its deneanor to'M\rds mo awoke me. Indeed, I awoke 

with great fright. That' s why I never found out \'i'hat the Ii in 

RSA stood for, or to ~nich echelon of t~e Hereafter the HSa was 

a.tt3.chad. 

Todav, as I said before, I find ~yself in a so~e~hat s1Tilar 

position of not being abl~ to tell you in what respects our 

science and our Sc~ool curricula have progressed, ~nd I'm in a 

bit of a fri~ht as to the ire of those in th~ audience who had 

hoped to learn something about vtrat our gr~duatcs h.1ve been doing 

or have learned. I hope, however, tn~t th~7 will not hold it 

against me or against an,v of the other speqkers this morning if 

we sidestep and r~lk gingerl7 arou~d the subject. n.s I seid 

before, I only wisn we could tell you soMe details, because the 

stor;y is really quite l.ll'pressive; but we cq_n•t. You will hnve 

to take our "'Ord for it th~t the officers wno graduate today 

from the Advancad Course cf the army Security Agency Officers 

School h~ve indeed qualified themselves for the certificates ~hich they are about to receive. By diligence ~d hard work, 

manr hours of study, considerable perspir~tion and, I imc.gine, 

some profanity, they acquired the nec6ssal"/ knowledge ,to fit then 

to carl'Y' out certain important duties for ~~ich we hope the 

J.:rmy Security Agenc7 Officers School ha.s properly pr~~ared the~. 

It is now l1lY' pleasuro to intro~uce to you the next spa~k3r, 

Colonel Harold G. Hayes, Chief of the Army Security Agency, who 

will toll you something of the background of tho Army Security 

Agency Officers School. He herdly needs any introduction, but 

for the benefit of some of our visitors, I feel it desirable 

to indicate a bit about his c\n b~ckgrcund. 

Colonel Hayes was born in Pittsburgr, Pennsylvania in 1907A 

In 1929 he gradu"lted frol!l the United Sta.te:s llhlit'll'Y Ac:ic'.'e~r 

and was commissioned in the Si111~l Corps. His assJgnnent to 

duty in our field of !;1.Ctivities begi.n in l93d, uhen he be~ai-s 

a student in the S~gn~l Intelligence School. Dver since that ti~e his service in this field has been uninterrupted. In f~ct, 

it is interesting to note that he has the longest period cf 

assignrGnt to this type of duty of any officer of the Regule~ 

dl"l",Y-. In 1942, in London, Colonel Hayes ''las assigned to th3 

Planning Staff for the NJrth .hf'ric'Ul invasion ~nd rem in~d 

assignecl a.s a mer.rber of the Stsff of i1.llied Force Headquarters 

until February, 1944, uhen he returned to euty in Washin~t?n, 

D. C. He va.s appcinted Chief, dl'l"'l7 Security agency Jn J ~pr1l 

1946. He has been awardec1 the Legion of Iferit r·ith o~k Le.if 

Cluster, 9nd has been desi~~~ted as ~n Hunorary- Officer, Order 

of the Britis~ E~pira. His distinguished c~reer in the ~ili~ary 

service is natched cnlv by his equ~ll7 distinguished extracurricular career on the golf course, he being the chanpio~ 

golfer of the A'rny Security Agency, including all continental ~nd overseas stations thereof. It gives me great pleaslll'e to 

present Colonel Hayes. 
REF ID:A.65368 

SPEIDH GIVEN BY COLOiiEL HaIES 

The Signal Intelligence School "as established by 11r. Friedman 

in 1931 and remained his responsibility for four years. Mr. Friedman was Rt that ti"e Civilian-in-Charge of the Sig?lal intelligence 

Service, the training offered in the School was completely integrated and well-coordinated ?ith operations. 

The instruction given in the early days of the School, though 

it consisted principally of cryptanalysis, was ns comprehensive as 

it needed to be, considering the relatively simple operstional 

procedures ~t that tine. 

As ori~inally pl~nned, the course wsts to last for one y9ar 

Rnd one student was to tqke the course each year. But the first 

class, consisting of lat Lt. Mark Rhoads, recommended that a 

second year be added in order to provide more thorough tr~ining 

than could be accomplished in a sin-~le year. This plan was 

adopted, and, beginning in Septe~b~r 1932 there were two Members 

of the student body, a junior member ~nd ~ senior member. T~e 

j\inior riiember was lat Lt. ··-r. Preston C.:>rdernan, V''1.o later (from 

1943 to 1946) became Chief' of the Si1nnl Security Agency. In 

SeptE'lllber 1934 Lt. CordermlJ.11 relioved Mr. Friedman as instructor 

of the Sisnal Intelligence School, and thereafter it becq~c ~~e 

practice to give one of the students \ho had coMpleted the tuoyear courss a tour of duty as Officer-in-Charge 'Uld chief 

instructor of the School, Lt. Cordor~an h~d as his student 

Lt. Harrod G. Miller, Sign~l Corps, who is nov a Colonel and 

President of the Signal Corps Board ~t Fort Monmouth. 

The arransement by which one studant would enter each 7e 0 r 

to stud7 along ~~th a second-year stud.~nt was abolished in 1~36 

in f'l.vor of a plan which ,,.,ould permit t 1•

1

0 students to begin tt.~ 

course together. This ~ould make it possible to cover more 

problems in the course since the pick and shovel work could be 

shared and two minds were better than one in making the educate•l 

guesses upon which success depends. 

In A~"'Ust 1936 CaptRin Miller, as Officer-in•Charge of tte 

Signal Intelligence School, began the instruction of the first 

pair of students to study the course concurrently. Ono of tnes(• 

officers w~s lat Lt. (L~tor Colonel) George A. Bieber, \'l!tl.o bcr~~~ 

Chief of the Signal Intelligence Service in the European Theater 

of Q~nr~tions, ~nd later still the Deputy C~ief of th~ Army 

Security Agency. He i~ ~it'1. us tad3.Y'. The other student w~s 

lat Lt. Ch~rles Brundy Bro~rn, Signrl Corps, ~ho is no~ a col1~al 

on duty with the Joint Chiefs of stnff org·mization in tha 

.Pont11gon. 

Betwe~n ~ugust 19.38 and June 1940 the student bccy ~j;tt~ 

Sign~l Intelligence Sc'1.ool ~as composed of lat Lt. Joe C. E~e~r and 

myself. c~pt'l.in Bieber ''as our instructor. Lt. Sherr serv~d :i.s 

a major unC.er Gener"'l.l I.he.Arthur in the Philip;;ines. He v, & 

ev~cuated from B..~taan and, ns a colon3l servea 1s Chief J~ -ha 

Signal Intelligence Service in t~e South~sst Pacific &re~. Jn 

1943 Colonel Sherr w~s killed while en route to the United ,,tat.es 

in a tr~nsp1rt pb.ne. i'le were the l 1st students to coriplate 'ne two-ye~r c::>urse of the Si;n"l.l Intellilence Scliool. Tho twc 

students ril~ followed us were Capt~in (nou Colunel) Harolr Drud, 

who later bec:::une Chief of the J1llied Tr'.lnsl itor '?.nd Interp 1,,ter 

Service in t~e Pncific Ara~, ~nd 1st Lt. (n~w Colonel) E"Ule F. 

Cook, who lnter b~c~.,e C'1.ief, fiS .. Eur.:ipe. I v·ns the instn1ctor. 

We began working in llugust 1940, but t.he course h'.l.d to be t1iscontinued within a few months bec~use ~f the pressure of ~ark 

and the need to n1ke use of the students in operations. 
REF ID:A.65368 

Two Coast guard students, Lt. Jones and Lt. Rhodes, also 

took the full two-year course, Jones in 1934-36, and Rhodes 1n 

1938-40. 

in the ten years of its existence the School had pr~rided a 

thorough course of instruction J.n cryptanal,ysis .::.rid related 

subjects to n1ne Regular AlT.lY officers. It is interesting to 

note that of these nine gradu~tes, ei~ht of the~ perfor~ed duties 

during the war wllich requ1red signal intelligence treining. This 

is a unique record, I believe, in the Army, which has ~n unfortunate 

reputation for training officers for certain specialized ,.,ork and t~en never using the~ in that specialty. 

A gre:it many off'.$.cers were tr~ined by the- Signal Security 

Agency dur1ng the war years, but the scope and purpose of this 

instruction was essentiall7 diffarent. It was specialist tr~ining which prepared officers in a single field of the Agency's 

activities. 

Shortly after the end of the wa.r the need to reopen the Sigm.l 

Intelligence School w~s recognized. Three maJor chan~es in concept 

were apparent. 

First, the school needed to have official recognition. Tne 

prewar school, m~inly bec:iuse of its size, was l~cking in this 

respect and hence an officer received no credit on his official 

record for ~aving compieted the course. T~is did :in injustice to 

the officer concerned as well as to the inportence of signal intelligence to the army. Because th~ ASA is neither a sep~r~te branch 

nor technical service, we were faced ~ith a difficult proble~ in 

having our school recognized as being on the same status as :.ny 

basic arn or service school. The best we could get was to 'h.i,,.e 

our school recognized as the equivalent, insofar as establishing 

eligibility for attending higher schools such as the Corr.mRnd ~.nd 

Staff School at Leavenworth. It is no, however accepted by any 

of the arms or services as substitute for their own basic courses. 

Second, the scope of the course needed to be vastly incre~sed 

to include not only all phases of sign3l intelligence, but signal 

security as well. T~e prewar course was aimed princip~lly ~t 

giving training in crypt~nalysis. Our new objective ~~s to train 

staff ~nd operations officers ~ho would be capable of com~anding 

large ASA units, directing their operations, nnd serving as 

speci3.l staff officers in the headquarters of large commands. 

And, paradoxic1lly, while the scope of tho course was to be in- cre~sed, the time was to bo reduced to one year instead of twv, 

as it w~s felt th~t a proper balr;:.nce between training and oper3-

tie>ni.l requireMents would not perl"l.t t\•o yeSU"s' time to bo 

devoted to school. 

Finally, the c~pacity of the school needed to be vnst]¥ 

increased. ':ie needed to tum out at least thirty ::1f'ficors per 

course to ~ave any hope of Meeting even peace tiMo person.~el 

del".::nds • 

.. Lnd s:> in July 1947 our school got under wn.y •11th tVielve 

students. I'rn sl~d to see that the sarie number are finishing 

\1ho stri..rtecl. 

It ~as ~dnittedl.7 ~ill experiment, it was new, ~nd we hoped 

to loam ~nd profit fron the experience or this first course in 

ma.king needed 1~provements. doT1 this is not on apology, bec~use 

I d~n't feel that any apologies ,re called for. I do hope, 

however, th~t you who are graduates of our first course, who 

may have seen many psu-ticul~rs in which our course was not up 

to st~nd~.rd, who may at times have been discouraged or disappointed, I hope tbRt you will give us the benefit of your 

experience end advice in setting up a better course and better 

instruction. We shall ~ave a period of four months in which 
------------------~~~~~~~~~~~ ' ... ... REFft.rn: A6536B 

to prepare for the next course t=l"ich sts.rts in September "\nd in 

the meanti~e those of you gra<luates who rem.."li.n on duty in thls 

areo. ce.n expect t:"> be called on for your help. 

I \'l.'Ould like at tli.is t:lJJ!e to extend ID)" sincere !t.ppreciA.tion 

o.nd cou:mond..,tion to o.11 me'llbars or the school fncult;y, to all our 

instructors, and to thcr others T"ho gave eo much of their time and 

enersr to ~3.ke this course a success. Fer mal'Q" it was cnother 

case of that ottan used phr~se in the Ann1' "in adCiition to ;your 

pther dutiee." l't is our hope md our plP..n t!v:tt in tho f'.iture 

we sha.11 h'lve .a perm!lll8nt nnd full·till'e f!lculty l7ith no other 

responsibility th•.n to make this school second to nr.>ne, but :or 

this first course 11ie J.ad no other chaico tbm to Dl3kc the best 

of wheo.t we had. ... 

And last, but certainJ.,:r not le'lst, let me e"diend m;y apprecia· 

tion to the graeuating class without whose ene~~otic interest and 

active cooperation our school could never bava SUC"ceec!E".d. l'q 

coniJ?'atulations to ;you all n.nd M'll' yi.>u h-;.•re tlte opportunit7 to 

serve your country r.all And f~ithfulJvr' in the specialty far ~~'lich 

;y~u have boen trained. 

... 

, 
REF ID :A6,5368 

' NOI'ES PUIUIISHED GE~,QWIBERLIN FOR USE IN 

HIS EXTEllPOIW8>US ADDRESS 

On 8 May 1945 at Rhei'lls, Fro.pee, the terms or a. military 

surrentler i'ere sisned by the Germans rhich brought to an end the wn.r in 

Europe,-- a V1al' which we were told by cert~in persons in these 

United St~tes that we co11ld not possibq win. Three months and 

seven d:iys l.t;!ter, on 14 August 1945, we brought to an end the War 

in the Pacific, -- ~nether feat we were told would be iMpossible of accomplishment. 

It was not by chance that these victories wore p~ssible. 

World War II w~s fought with guns and ships and planes, with 

mnchines and supplies, and 111.en, and also witll propaganda lllld 

diplomacy. But not with these alone. The weapon ~hich we used 

with the most telling effect was intelligencer We had more 'l!ld 

better intelligence th'Ul our enemies had. 

Well, ~e won the ttRr and active or shooting hostilities 

ceased, but ~ cold hostility had replaced the~ n!ld grows More 

and more b1~ter against us. We are threatened todrJ1', as we have 

never been threatened before in peacetime with « vety real d3Dger 

to our security as a nation. We are C!llled upon "lg"l.ih to M<>Jce 

sacrifices, to invest in government bonds, to gi~e our time to 

military preparations. In the present battle for securlty we are 

as a na.tion pourinJ gold iuid food into Europe. }'le Jn117 have to be 

ready to back up these investments with men :'llld gUria it necess~~y. 

our commitments are worldwide. 

Pea.rl Jfarbor and our experience in World War II taught us 

some things about security and the all-important role of intel· 

ligence \•'hich we hqve applied l!nd vhich we are applying today. 

It is pretty v1ell established, tor instanee, that 11 as our positive 

puwer to provide national security, that is, militnl"Y' stren;Jth, is decre~se4, the eft1eieney ':>f DUP intelligeRee ser-vicea must be corresponding~ inereased in )rder to insure sufficient ~dvance. 

warnin~ or hostile intent and capabilities to allow mobilization 

ot our natiJng,l resources. 11 Accordingq, while demobilization and reorg~ization of' the armed forces was taking place, we- were 

planning the revitalizing ot the intelligence services of the 

United States. We are still in the process of perfecting these 

services so as to prevent another Pearl Harbor. 

To this enc the Chief of Staff on 3 March 1947 sent to the 

higher col"Ullandors and principal atqf'f .officers >f the Army a 

meMorandum concerning the intelligence functions ~nd responsibilities of tli.e Army. In this memor'lndurn it was cirected that e9.ch ~deresaee should "impress all appropriate elements within his 

sphere or responsibility wit~ the importance of an efficient 

intalligence service within the Army, and h1 appropri~ta instructions ind continued field inspection require execution of the 

gcner"ll pl':l.n" which WA.a citec! therein. The Gener'3.l Intelligence 

Plllll prol'lulgs1ted by the Chief of Staff in this C'irective of 

3 l\.,::i.rch 1947 embodiec the tollo\ i~ C:>urses of 'l.Ction: (See 

Tab "A") 

~s a member, lDt a m~st iMp~rtant member of the intelligence 

team, the ~u-m,. Security ,.gency is chargeC: with the resp::>~sib1lity 

r~r the perfecting of that p.rtion ~r uur overall intelli1ence pro~ram ~hich is eohcerned with si111al intelligence and communications security. 

For the benefit of some Jf ~ur guests at this exercise, I 

will outLine in very bro~c terms the general mission of the Army Security ~t.gency. It is a two-told mission and I'm not sure which 

half is the more important, so I don't want any ot those present 

to draw arw inferences from the order in which I give them todq. 
' REF lD:A.65368 

There is, on the ~ne hand, the miAsion of producing, in time 

of war, intelligence tram a study of the enemy's communications. 

The technical n':UDe we ~ive it is si1n.ll.l intelligence Jr commu..~ication intelligence, Md flIJ' own experience enn.bles me to tell you 

that such intelligence is extre:nel.J useful a.nc~ valuis.ble. But, aa I 

ho.ve ineic~ted, that is onl.J one-hqlf of the two-fold mission of 

the a.rrq Securit7 A5onc7. The 1.other halt is the protoction .Jf 

our OY'D communico.ticna at o.11 ti.':les, so as to prevent the en81117 

from being successful in his attempts to obt:Un intelli€;ence from 

our messages. The technical name we give this phl!se ..,f the mission 

is communication security. 

One thing l 1m sure the graciuati:is hare b3.ve lesrnod in their 

studies end have come to appreciate is how mid 1lh1' these two ph-..Lses 

of tha gliner~l mission of the J..gcney complement smd support e"lch 

other. And the f9.ct thl\t th97 are so interrola.ted. tells 1dJ1' the 

Chief of Statt ~r the arm,.. Rnd his 'V'1rious assistant chiets look 

to the Army Security Agency for technical advice on m~tters in both 

fields. Some. d8:f1 perhnps in tho not-too-distant future - who 

knows? - some of tod~ s grn.dun.tss may fi!hl. th~~selves carr;ying 

tho burden of responsibility for giving proper technic~l aevice. 

Tho.t is \;by' I C.eom the tr!!iinin.~ they have rece1vec1 in the ~ 

Security kgencT School to be o£ such hi~h importsnce. 

To carey out the mission llhich h'1.s be-Jn :issignod to it and 

to meet in a satisfactol"T manner the increased resp~nsibilities 

that have been placed up'ln it, t..'ie Army Security Agency must ho.vn 

officers ~1th tr-.J.ning ~na experisnce - officers vho will give 

their best to md m::ike a cveer "lf their ASA assignments. 

You gentlemen ot the graeua.ting class of the Officers S::hool 

Division ho.ve CJ.ttended chases eight hours a d'7 for a per!.od of 

46 "eeks. You have been getting acqun.inted with the activities uf 

the AgenCl" so that you will be (.rGp'll"od t·:> aaswne F. share of th• 

rasp=:nsibilities of the Ag-may. I w'Ult to welcome you to our 

intellf3once tenm, on mich ;you rill have an opportunity to 

contribute in no small measure to tho winning cf our b~ttle for nntion~l security. 

(Add an,y additioruil personal remarks as deemed appr~printe.) 
REF ::t:D:A65368 . 

ilAR DEPARrJIEitl' 

OFl'ICI: °' THE CHIEF OF mm 

WASHINGTON 

SubJect: Intel1i ronce Functiori'!I c C".,a,-oJr·JibiJ.itivs 

TO: C~ 1.,~'lli 

c-,"·~.s .. {..J uc.··~ 

'J U.:-1i'A '·l· t.ai ') JC Afl~•t- 6,.;. 

_,,'!. C ~RI'BB'WLI~ i ~ ,iri'I!: J0t~.J&JJ 

li:'." .d..'[ "~· J:ru. .. ::.ti 

l .. ti "-•• -:.! GR f!J'J!i r F.O!.~ 

rr_ '.u.a~n:s i .. r • .dNL 'i~ ,.1.1. 

' ~i • .c ~ AND STAFF G01:..Wt:.i 

.. a::" ,pc- OF uiiJitaST&..T ITT ..-J'~ TECHNIC.U. N :i.V !~F'.S 

1. P 'fS1.'lt." ~ frcm our experiences in two wus !U.d ~ ·.. ur 

painful S'"l t.lrise :J.t Poe.rl. Harb~r, it has boen ac~cnowler~~~ .... ':.. ., .. 

highast. lc.7~lr-i t~a.t I::.,.te+11 .... c11re sarvicea ~ th ... C!:>Ver m ... • ... lb• 

be J•ohabilit.a .... •ld .and ba.:>ught 1ro high ottic:.eney. ~t:"l ~-". ~ Lf:;'•f;-

me::i1r lv\a pr,.vi ... .iaq been voiced on the g&nC't"U 9rin··1p 'l -.. •• ;, -~ .. 

our J:)oait1"':~ p >wer' to proviee 1.aatic·nal sec1.:.~"1.tJ, !. e.. •1..1 i it-~~· 

streng~h, :.a c':.ecre3.sec'' the effi:>ienc1 or our Intt1J , .L: ::l C'• Rt•n .cea 

must be CC'-rr-c.1pcnd"ug"!.y' incrah\oad in order to inaurE r •.. t! .L -• ...-r 

~dV~UUO ,_.~""ll!n~ ?f bo&tile int£nt anr C~pabilities TC ":! · 

mot i l uat1~11 ::Ji c•u:. "l!.tional re111ourcoei • 

• ~. t-r aoc "lup:i'l.i::>n with pro1ll(..a- a t c!em."bilizat~_,... ; ! CJ 

crga'l.!.Zati n hu· -:'Jaorbed grea.t·-1' .. ~~ tilr.e .. ,1 J. thou• > , is 

higb\:io.L• COl'l?f'.s.rC:.~-e nd principal ~taif of.i'ii::e: •• euri>.f' .<."Sl'i 

m :>1'\tt:tf'. :a ~ s "'esired now to dra\7 the att.e11t1on or th£' n t1:"'".!"-eers 

to the imJJrr~anca of pl~cing Intelli~ence ~n whe priarit:y ~evol 

*ich ia i·equirod 1n national intere& t.s. 

). Progress in the illlproveme~ Jf the etticie11CJ ot the 

Intelligence services h~s been 3tts1ned since the postwar reorganization ot the War Department throu1Jh the application ot 

various 1"8Commendat1ons ot Boards ot of'ticers and investigating 

committees. There are, ho11UVer, certain fundamental ~itficulties 

which tend to ratarc· full recc;gnition or the importllDCa ct 

Intelli1ance in our national defense structure. These are: 

a. A lack ot tull unc'erstand.in~ AJld approcifttion on all 

levels, from the War Department to tha lowaat troop echelon, of 

the acope and vital 1mportl'lDCe ~ Intelligence t.J national 

aecur1t7. 

b. Ass111Dent -Jf inexperienced personnel to Intelligonce 

duties, lack ot atraaa or Intelligence training in all echelons; 

traquent turnover or tr3ine~ personnel on Intelligence duties, 

thua aocriticing benefits ot experience a.nd aontimlity; alJd 

1nadeqaate 1ncont1ve to a.ttract 'llld continue on Intelligence 

dut.J the highest tJ"pe ot militar)' pers~nel. · 

c. Curt'l.ilment ot Intelliganca poraonnel available tor 

collectioh, evaluation, nnd diaBB1DiD9.tion ot Intalli1anca. 

4. A long-term plan has racentq been approved which, :1t 

applied prograsaiveq lJ1' commanders 'Uld ataf'ta ot all echelons, 

should reault in the elevation ot the Intelligence Service to the 

level of priorit7 it C!emanda in our ach•e ot national preparedness. Thia plan i11 
' • I • REF .ID; A65368 • I I .. 

a. ContinuiJ)g -review ot the cun-icul.a. a.DC. field 

1nap$:t1on ot inst~tion in all •:hll7 ach~ola bt !tppropriate ( 

~0111nandara mKl bf the birector ~r Orgnniza~ion and Tr~i#iag , and the Directer ~t Jntelliience in cooper.aii,n, to insure 

that.the oouraea in IntelliJence trR{n:ing 4fmp~aize the im- POJ'~~e :'JI Intelligence·~ e.re aeaquata an/ e~mtistent w~th 

t1w 11].ission Q£ the 11'Choola~ • 

""'\. 

, .... ' b. 1Qonti:rmlng review uf progrmu~ .'9Jld f~old inape'Ctl.Gn 

ot\'thi."ining bJ a.pPropriate .c.ommander.a anc w the J.oireeior 'Jf 

·ori_fl.llizatidn -anc~ Tr.ain!.qz ~ tho i:.irector dt" lntelliganca in .-

eooperatiur1-, to -insure that Intallir,.er:lae t'J'JW11rlg ~ the aervica ia ·nd.oqu11ta .izl"l ::ipp"r.>p~iate .to the miaai.on of" the units 'C.'.>ndeHmd,. .. t 

c. !:J..iti'"lti ·,n e.nd monitoring •bJ' the' I>irebt':ll' ot ln.tf:li,_ 

ligenoe, VMS, L"-f' nontinuing review by the Jit:lnt Illtelli'.J811$-~- ,z. '· .(, 

Coniidttee (~tn. J.J'!Pt C!'tieta •. t St.u't- approval) Df instl'llCtio~· 

in. ·the' achoo· s 1 nr'et con.trQl ot t'te JQiut .Chiat• ~ Staff to: · 

i<Dsnre tut Intelii.?.anco ~a s.decuatei,. streaseG!-, ma thl\t· the ' , . ' Inta-Lligenl:.e cJurses,~-.a:o ~aqua.to .?.ncl c.ons!aten.t. Tith the ~iei~n 

ot. the schu&?s. ' ... ... ..... , , " ' 

c~ C.li!.ti:n'i11»1 amphneia by tho s,~a;iy 'lf ~11\r ~ tl1JJ ·· ';D'~te.t ,cl st .J.t tn 'e"1fimony b"1'"re 'th-e Qo-psr--•• ..nd in coof.r;)'tmcs~ • --r.ith 'JllU,,_t~ry .Q~ina.-. ot the vital. :llnp:nto.nce';ot Intr:1Iltf..~~·, '~ 

in our o.~tiyn~l fre.p"U,"Bdp~s. < , • y • ~ ( 

e. .r..st;..blish the principle 'lt -the 9'U'lieat practJ..C~·)lS - ~ ... 

C:o.te that a recutrenrent. to# 11.a&iil11De?lt. ta 1ntelli&JOJlC& p"asi\.Ci JA -· 

will be the prier cor.ipletiQtl \.,f ,. sen-i-cil st!h.:>oi J:n1iellisi.~ce. 

course, or eauivn.lent war experience., 4ppt 11.prirate to the poE:.i~.on; 

tho catnilad.plci.n -to 1>a .:>r:lginat.ed by-'tba :birectg'r "et Inte..'!..l.t,JtJP.Oe 

along the tcJ.la.~bit·r;&n'er.al lines: . · • '' 

Unit ~Jd,'tlbil& below divieitJD. N!d 

numbered. Air .Forc.e level~ Special Servtce 

SGho.ols 

Positions incluC:.~ mid above 

the div181.nn -aBd numb~red Air 

F:>rl,fe l~val,~ ~sptin_'J th~ l][ar 

D~.J"to!~t Gan8r"1 St-ff 0 0d 

til:ltitf '~t:taeh"e: ~ """ ti 

Sani9r .Posi tiflns .abc,,ve ~iviai~n.rind,~~bered ~1r­

~orce levels 311e L"1Cluding • ,~~ 

·."'nr Depar:tm~ntl ~~ 1.111 tnry 

.n.t.tachea'f •'(. , . • 

GenPral Service 

Sc'bQQlS 

d I , I 

' 

Str'1h'.tic , . tor, 

Intelligence .SCh~o_l , 

r. Continua;; JA~nitoring .Jf .:!"9iP,~ii't; r4 ot;f':licers taIntelllgence positions \)!·' ....pproa'--1 "!.t.;d p;>llf!l.&nc!e:t.a r:tf..d lr.r the • 

Direct~~. ~eraonngl :nnc1 Ae.ministr~t.t6n~, ~ the Dir.e-ct.Or ot 

Intell1gonce to obt~.in gre~ter atQbilit;r Jr Inte~l~gqnce 

orgmization .nl incre'\sec length cf dut7 -touir. -;, ' ' 

g. Cantinu.t: raviaw by the Direct~r ~t prg .. ni•ti'lll .· and Training :!lid the Dir.ect,.,r .>f Intel,li~611Co 1 tables of 

organiz:itiLn tUld allotments to inaur,e tha.t..,tiitsl+~ poaitiona. 

are accon".ad a.~e prestige ;.,f :rank aa a.- ..:>~e.r.s.tiona, war p.~ 

and auppl,y pll:ait1ona. 

h. -CDnt'inuing reriew by appr.opriate. -eonlmo.ndera and- by 

the Director .ct Organiution Md Training•arr the Direct.or Bf 

Intelligence to avoid aaaignment to Intelligailce of'ticar.a, ot. 

duties 11h1Ch prevent proper pertormunce •ot their intallige~ 

tur1ct1'0'11· 
REF.IQ.;,A65368 

i. Continued caref'ul aaloct1on by approprinte col:llD!l!lders 

and b-1 the Direct~r, Pers~nnel nnd Aem1n1strRt1on, en ~rvice Jt 

the Director 'Jt Intelligence, "Jf officers t~ fill t~p 1ovr.1 Int9lligence pJsiti~ns lncluding milit~ry Rttnches. 

3. Continuee cecentr~liz~t1on of selected ft.~c~tona by 

appropri~te c~'"'IJD.a.ncters ~!JC by the Dirr-ctor ot !ntelliga~ca Wl.~hin 

the army structure where ettici~ncy will not be s~craf ~ce1. 

k. Cor-ti~ued ettorts bv the ~ireotor b~ I~telJi~~n~e 

t"irou~ th9 ~~q_t.:.on•\l Intolligence Authorit:y t_, p"lss i"unc"tior:.s 

DJt of prJ.JD:l:ry ~"~~rest to the W~r ~apartment ai~her l~tA~~j_].y 

to ether Co.n1.rtr elt.S of th'3 GJVcrnment .>r to the Cantrel InteJli6ence GrC'.lp .v, e. e efficiency v ill. be gt:.ined. 

J. A~-c~~te personnel t1 Intellizence, recognizing 

the prin·.:ip lt. :.' " :: ! OU!' p::>sitive p Jwer f::>r sec,1r1t7 r:.ec1 ::..res 

our relianc :1 01 l"l.+.c tJ igencc to determine the strength nnd ~irectio.~ ~: ~:u.-oLt~ to JUr securitr increa9es. 

5. It is rccuested th~t each accressee ir.:.press all apprupriate elements ~~thin h~s sphere o£ responsibility vith tno 

importance of an efficient Intelligence se~riaa within t]'la k~, 

and by aopr11p1•1!l.ta inrtructions "lllC con'iiinued field inspt:1J':. :JY\ 

require 13:,;ect.t.J.or, of ~he qeneral phn cited herein. 

BY DIJFC'l'ION CF THE CdIEF OF S'r.-.FF: 

.. 

, ' 

0 

/s/ H. I. Hafsr. 

Ti. I. HODES 

Brig!l.C.i '9r ran'3ra ~ x~ 

Asst. D:Jvuty 0}.13!" .,r StinJ'f