[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 15-10877

Non-Argument Calendar

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D.C. Docket No. 1:13-cv-01566-HGD

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

 versus

TOM ROBERTS CONSTRUCTION CO. INC., 

THOMAS SCOTT ROBERTS, III,

Defendants-Appellants.

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Alabama

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(October 22, 2015)

Before WILLIAM PRYOR, ROSENBAUM and JILL PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

Tom Roberts Construction Company, Inc., and its president, Thomas Scott 

Roberts III, appeal the summary judgment in favor of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

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Wells Fargo complained that Roberts Construction breached a promissory note that 

Roberts guaranteed to pay. We affirm.

In May 2006, Roberts Construction obtained from Wachovia Bank, N.A., a 

line of credit under a demand promissory note for $250,000. The note, which 

Roberts signed as president of Roberts Construction, provided that the company 

“promises to pay the sum of . . . $250,000[] or such sum as may be advanced and 

outstanding”; that loan “shall be due and payable in consecutive monthly payments

of accrued interest only, commencing on June 1, 2006, and continuing on the same 

day of each month”; the note “shall be due and payable in full . . . on demand”; the 

“Bank’s interests in and rights under this Note and the other Loan Documents are 

freely assignable, in whole or in part, by [the] Bank”; and the note was “governed 

by and construed under the law of” Alabama. The note also stated that interest 

“shall accrue on the unpaid principal balance . . . at the Bank’s Prime Rate plus 

0.5%”; if a default occurred, “all outstanding Obligations . . . shall bear interest at 

the Interest Rate plus 3%”; and late payments would be assessed a “charge equal to 

5% of each payment past due for 10 or more days.”

Wachovia Bank required Roberts to guarantee payment of the loan. Roberts 

“absolutely, irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee[d] to Bank and its 

successors, assigns and affiliates the timely payment and performance of all 

liabilities and obligations of [Roberts Construction] to [the] Bank . . . however and 

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whenever incurred or evidenced . . . due or to become due, now existing or 

hereafter contracted or acquired . . . .” The guaranty was required “[t]o induce 

Bank to make, extend or renew loans, advances, credit, or other financial 

accommodations to or for the benefit of [Roberts Construction], which are and will 

be to the direct interest and advantage to [Roberts], and in consideration of . . . 

[the] financial accommodations made . . . for the benefit of [Roberts Construction], 

which are and will be to the direct interest and advantage of [Roberts].” The 

agreement provided that, “[i]f a Default occurs, the Guaranteed Obligations shall 

be due immediately and payable without notice”; the “Bank’s interests in and 

rights under [the] Guaranty and other Loan Documents are freely assignable . . . by 

Bank” and “shall not release Guarantor from the Guaranteed Obligations”; and the 

Guaranty is “governed by and construed under the laws of” Alabama.

In December 2009, Wachovia notified the company and Roberts that the 

loan was in default. Wachovia made a “formal demand for repayment for all sums 

owing under the Note” of “principal in the amount of $248,498.42 and interest in 

the amount of $2,458.71” and “other fees, charges and expenses in the amount of 

$360.19.” Wachovia also demanded “immediate payment of [those] amounts” 

from Roberts, as “the guarantor of the Loan.” In March 2010, Wachovia merged 

with Wells Fargo.

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On July 3, 2013, counsel for Wells Fargo demanded payment of all debt on 

the note within 10 days. Wells Fargo sought the principal balance of the loan of 

$248,498.42, interest of $36,083.65, late fees of $1,858.06, and expenses of $600.

The demand letter warned that “[i]nterest continues to accrue on the outstanding 

principal balance . . . until payment in full is received.” 

Wells Fargo complained that Roberts Construction and Roberts breached the

promissory note and the guaranty and submitted copies of the note, the guaranty, 

and the demand letters. After the parties consented to a magistrate judge deciding

the action, Wells Fargo moved for the magistrate judge to take judicial notice of 

the merger and assumption of the loan by Wachovia. Wells Fargo submitted a 

Certificate of Merger and letter from the Comptroller of the Currency stating that 

“Wachovia Bank . . . merged with and into Wells Fargo Bank.”

Wells Fargo moved for summary judgment. Wells Fargo attached to its

motion a declaration by Andre Taylor that he is “responsible for management, 

including collection, of the loan made by Wachovia to . . . Roberts Construction , . 

. . and guaranteed by . . . Roberts[]” and that he is “familiar with the loan 

documents and other books and records kept by Wells Fargo in the normal course 

of its business evidencing and related to this loan.” Taylor also declared that, “[o]n 

or about May 1, 2006, Wachovia made a loan to [Roberts Construction] in the 

amount of $250,000.00,” which “is evidenced by that certain Promissory Note”; 

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“[i]n connection with and as an inducement to Wachovia’s making of the Loan . . ., 

Mr. Roberts executed . . . [an] Unconditional Guaranty”; “Wells Fargo is the 

successor-by-merger to Wachovia Bank . . . and is the holder and owner of” the 

note and guaranty; and, “[a]s of June 6, 2014, the outstanding indebtedness due 

under the Note” was “$248,498.42 in outstanding and unpaid principal $45,039.96 

in accrued and unpaid interest, and late charges in the amount of $2,290.29.”

Taylor submitted with his declaration a schedule detailing the interest and penalties

that had accrued on the principal balance of the loan.

The magistrate judge took judicial notice of the merger and the assumption 

of the loan by Wells Fargo and entered summary judgment in its favor. The 

magistrate judge determined that there was “no genuine issue of material fact as to 

Wells Fargo’s entitlement to enforce the loans made by Wachovia in this case”;

under the terms of the note and guaranty, which “Roberts admit[ted] that he 

signed,” Roberts Construction was liable for “the amount of the unpaid principal, 

plus accrued interest through the date of judgment”; and “Roberts . . . breached his 

obligation under the Guaranty Agreement by failing to tender the amount due to 

Wells Fargo under the Note.” The magistrate judge rejected as “without merit” 

Roberts’s arguments that Wells Fargo had to prove that each advance under the 

line of credit benefitted Roberts and that Taylor lacked knowledge to declare that 

Wells Fargo assumed the loan after the merger or to determine the debt owed by 

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Roberts Construction. The magistrate judge ruled that Roberts owed Wells Fargo 

$295,828.67. Later, the district court entered a final judgment against Wells Fargo.

We review de novo a summary judgment, “viewing all evidence and 

drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of the nonmoving party.” Chapter 7 Tr. 

v. Gate Gourmet, Inc., 683 F.3d 1249, 1254 (11th Cir. 2012). Summary judgment 

is appropriate when there is no genuine dispute about any material fact and the 

movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).

The district court did not err by entering summary judgment in favor of 

Wells Fargo. Roberts averred that he signed the promissory note and the guaranty, 

and those instruments establish that Roberts Construction obtained a loan that 

Roberts is obligated to repay with interest and penalties. Under Alabama law, 

because the terms of the agreements are unambiguous, “the contract’s construction 

and legal effect bec[a]me a question of law for the court.” Medley v. SouthTrust 

Bank of the Quad Cities, 500 So. 2d 1075, 1078 (Ala. 1986). The note states that 

Roberts “promised to pay . . . the sum of $250,000 or such sum as may be 

advanced and outstanding” by making “consecutive monthly payments . . .

commencing on June 1, 2006,” and the guaranty states that Roberts is wholly liable 

for the indebtedness. Roberts argues that Wells Fargo failed to prove “that any sum 

of money . . . [was] loaned or advanced,” but the bank established Roberts 

Construction owed a principal balance on the note of $248,498.42 plus accrued 

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interest and penalties by producing copies of demand letters, Taylor’s declaration 

and testimony, and a recapitalization schedule based on a ledger maintained by 

Wachovia for the line of credit. See Shipp v. First Ala. Bank of Gadsden, N.A., 473 

So. 2d 1014, 1017 (Ala. 1985). Because Roberts failed to submit any evidence to 

create a material factual dispute about the amount of outstanding indebtedness, the 

district court did not err by entering judgment in favor of Wells Fargo for 

$295,828.67. 

Roberts challenges to the judgment on two grounds, both of which fail. 

Roberts argues that “no evidence was submitted” to establish that Wells Fargo 

assumed the loan, but the note and guaranty, which state that they are “freely 

assignable,” coupled with the Certificate of Merger and letter from the Comptroller 

of the Currency establish, without dispute, that Wells Fargo acquired the loan by 

merger and inherited the rights of Wachovia to recover the outstanding 

indebtedness under the note and guaranty, see 12 U.S.C. § 215a(e). Roberts also 

argues that the guaranty provides that he is not obligated to repay a loan that was 

not “to [his] direct interest and advantage,” but as the district court stated, “[a] 

plain reading of the Guaranty Agreement reflects that this language merely affirms 

that the grant of credit to [Roberts Construction] is to Mr. Roberts’ direct interest 

and advantage.”

We AFFIRM the summary judgment in favor of Wells Fargo Bank.

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