UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

NATIONAL EXPOSURE RESEARCH LABORATORY 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 

OFFICE OF ' 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

October 27, 2009 

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Chamber irradiations to measure acetaldehyde concentrations from fuels with and 

without 10% ethanol. 

FROM: Tadeusz E. Kleindienst 

Research Physical Scientist (919-541-2308) 

William A. Lonneman 

EPA SEEP Employee (919-541-3895) 

TO: Joseph Somers, Rich Cook, Catherine Yanca 

The chamber irradiation studies of mixtures of the headspace at 25°C (HS@25C) for 

Gasoline No 41033 (the base gasoline) and Gasoline No 41033 mixed with 10% ethanol 

combined with NO were performed in two sets. (Note that 10% ethanol in gasoline represents 

the nominal fraction of ethanol by volume in the liquid fuel.) The initial conditions for these runs 

are given in Table 1. Set 1 runs were conducted during the week of September 14-18, 2009. 

More specifically Gasoline No 41033 + 10% ethanol HS@25C was the first in the series of runs 

conducted on 15 Sep 09 and given chamber run number, ER489. Great care was taken to 

introduce this gasoline mixture into the chamber at a VOC composition similar to that observed 

for the HS@25C composition in earlier HS@25C tests. Success in achieving this goal is shown 

by the comparison of the yellow and blue highlighted columns of the spreadsheet results for the 

speciated VOCs in the worksheet labeled ER489. The values in the yellow column are the 

percent composition of selected compounds observed for the HS@25C measurement of this fuel 

while the value in the blue column is the percent composition of the initial chamber condition for 

this run. These results suggest largest discrepancies in composition were observed for the two 

major components isopentane and ethanol. However, these differences were considered to be 

acceptable for the chamber irradiation study. The second chamber run for this set was conducted 

2 days later on 17 Sep 09 and consisted of the mixture of the base gasoline (no ethanol) 

HS@25C and NO. Comparison of the yellow and blue columns in the worksheet results for the 

speciated VOCs labeled ER490 suggest a much better comparison of the chamber hydrocarbon 

composition with those reported for this gasoline HS@25C composition in earlier tests. 
Table 1. Initial conditions of headspace from gasoline headspace with and without ethanol. The 

base gasoline was used for these runs. Experiments ER489 and ER490 represent Set 1 and 

ER491 and ER492 represent Set 2. 

Experiment No. Total HC (ppmC) Ethanol (%) NOX (ppm) Initial HC/NOx 

ER489 2.59 8.92 0.240 10.8 

ER490 2.83 0.0 0.252 11.2 

ER491 2.56 0.0 0.244 10.5 

ER492 2.48 8.04 0.254 9.74 

The second pair of chamber runs for these two gasoline mixtures was conducted during 

the week of 21-25 Sep 09. In this set of runs the base gasoline without ethanol was irradiated 

first on 22 Sep 09 and the base gasoline + 10% ethanol was irradiated on 24 Sep 09. The VOC 

results provided in the worksheets labeled ER491 and ER492 indicate similar observations made 

for the first set of headspace irradiations in that the VOC compositions for the base gasoline run 

compared more closely with the HS@25C tests reported earlier for this gasoline than the 

gasoline + 10% ethanol run. 

The target HC/NOX ratio for all chamber runs was 10-to-1 utilizing desired initial HC 

and NOX concentrations of 2.5 ppmC and 0.25 ppm, respectively The actual HC/NOX values for 

the four runs were 10.8, 11.2, 10.5 and 9.7 for ER489, ER490, ER491 and ER492, respectively, 

as seen in Table 1. To facilitate data comparisons subgroups of each hydrocarbon classification 

group were determined and placed at the bottom of each worksheet. The initial VOC 

composition for chamber runs ER490 and ER491, containing no ethanol, averaged 88% 

paraffins, 6.7% olefins, and 3.9% aromatics. The percent composition for chamber runs ER489 

and ER492, that contained ethanol, averaged 80.5% paraffins, 6.1% olefins, 3.6% aromatics, and 

8.5% ethanol. (That is, the headspace compositions of the fuels with ethanol contained olefin 

levels that were decreased only by the approximate dilution ratio due to added ethanol.) 

Comparing the two chamber initial compositions for ethanol-containing fuel mixtures, ethanol 

itself was generally found to replace mostly paraffin compounds – in particular, isopentane in the 

headspace composition. 

Each chamber irradiation run was conducted for nearly a 24-h period, however, 

measurement of the detailed VOCs were only made during the initial 5 - 7 hours of the 

irradiation and at the end of the run. Looking at the sum of olefin sub-group for all four runs, 

nearly 90% of the olefins was lost through reaction by the 5-h irradiation time. Also at 5 h, the 

aromatics subgroup has undergone a nearly 50% loss suggesting that formation of primary gas 

phase organic products probably peaked by the end of this initial measurement period. It is also 

during this time that maximum acetaldehyde is observed as seen in Figures 1 and 2 below. 

Although many observations could be made from the observed data results in the spreadsheet, 

the primary focus has been the comparison of acetaldehyde. Also included in the spreadsheet are 

charts that show these comparisons. Figure 1 shows that about 15% more acetaldehyde produced 
from the gasoline containing 10% ethanol. An ever higher 30% production of acetaldehyde is 

observed in Figure 2. 

All the chamber runs were continued overnight for a 24 hour period. Although all VOC 

compounds were significantly lowered during this extended period the loss of acetaldehyde was 

less significant for the chamber run of the gasoline containing 10% ethanol indicating continued 

acetaldehyde production from ethanol because the production of acetaldehyde from the olefins 

was insignificant since these compounds were nearly completely gone after a 5 h irradiation. 

These observations are shown in spreadsheet charts labeled Extended Set 1 and Extended Set 2. 

All of the acetaldehyde data presented in the spreadsheet were determined by GC/FID. The 

carbonyl compounds in the chamber were also determined using the DNPH procedure although 

these data are used for supporting information. Comparison of the DNPH results with those 

obtained by GC/FID agreed well for both acetaldehyde and acetone. 

The most striking difference observed in the comparison of these results is that the 

chamber runs consisting of the base gasoline had an higher initial concentration of isopentane 

compared to the runs that consisted of the base gasoline with 10% ethanol. It appears that 

isopentane was essentially replaced by ethanol. Consequently the photooxidation processes of 

ethanol produces higher concentration levels of acetaldehyde than found in the base gasoline 

with high isopentane. If this observation is correct then we should observe higher acetone 

production in each set of chamber runs for the mixture of the base gasoline with NO than the 

runs containing the base gasoline with 10% ethanol and NO. Indeed this is the observation 

obtained in the plots in Figure 3 (ER489/ER490) and Figure 4 (ER491/ER492). If the 

composition of base gasoline consisted of a higher composition of volatile olefins the observed 

production of acetaldehyde may be different. 

Ozone formation in all 4 chamber runs increased with irradiation time reaching highest 

concentration levels after the 20 hour period. Highest ozone concentrations for all 4 runs were 

typically 3 or more times higher than those measured at the 5-7 hour time period. 
Figure 1. Chamber concentrations of acetaldehyde during the Set 1 irradiations. ER489 is with 

ethanol.

Acetaldehyde from Experiments ER489 and ER490

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Irradiation Time (h)

Acetaldehyde (ppbC)

ER489

ER490

Figure 2. Chamber concentrations of acetaldehyde during the Set 2 irradiations. ER492 is with 

ethanol. 

Acetaldehyde from Experiments ER491 and ER492

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

Irradiation Time (h)

Acetaldehyde (ppbC)

ER492

ER491
Figure 3. Chamber concentrations of acetone during the Set 1 irradiations. 

Acetone from Experiments ER489 and ER490

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Irradiation Time (h)

Acetone (ppbC)

ER489

ER490

w EtOH

w/o EtOH

Figure 4. Chamber concentrations of acetone during the Set 2 irradiations. 

Acetone from Experiments ER491 & ER492

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

Irradiation Time (h)

Acetone (ppbC)

ER492

ER491

w/o EtOH

w EtOH
Acetaldehyde Produced in ER489 and ER490

0.00

10.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.00

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 

Chamber Irradiation Time

Cponcentration ppbC 
Acetaldehyde Produced in ER491 and ER492

0.00

10.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 7 

Chamber Irradiation Time

Concentration ppbC 
Acetaldehyde Produced in ER491 and ER492

0.00

10.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 7 Hours 21 Hou

Chamber Irradiation Time

Concentration ppbC 
Acetaldehyde Produce in ER489 and ER490

0.00

10.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.00

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 20 Hour
Acetone Produced in ER489 and ER490

0.00

20.0040.0060.0080.00

100.00120.00140.00

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 

Chamber Irradiation Time

Concentration ppbC 
Acetone Produced in ER491 & ER492

0.00

10.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00

100.00

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 7 

Chamber Irradiation Time

Concentration ppbC 
Acetaldehyde Results for the Chamber Irradiation Studies 

Comparison of Acetaldehyde Formation for Chamber Runs ER489 & ER490

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 

Acetaldehyde ER489 0.00 36.42 54.72 66.70 70.22 72.43 

ER490 0.00 21.91 43.93 54.52 63.21 63.72 64.88 

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 

Acetone ER489 0.00 44.88 72.05 88.80 97.65 110.12 

ER490 0.00 28.50 83.37 101.54 114.17 121.16 130.86 

Comparison of Acetaldehyde Formation for Chamber Runs ER491 & ER492

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 7 Hours 

Acetaldehyde ER492 0.00 19.17 37.61 49.80 55.66 61.09 63.12 

ER491 0.20 17.05 35.16 43.68 47.44 48.17 48.24 47.86 

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 7 Hours 

Acetone ER492 4.86 19.71 44.82 60.38 72.53 78.08 81.42 

ER491 0.68 4.86 49.08 80.09 88.67 94.31 95.12 94.20 
Chamber Study September 24-25, 2009 Gasoline#41033 + 10% EtOH With NO

Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Compounds Corrected for ECN of FIDCompound Concentrations Given as ppbC

NAME Type HS 25C %Total RTINDEX TK092409.01N TK092409.02N TK092409.03N TK092409.04N TK092409.05N TK092409.06N TK092409.07N TK092409.08N ECN adj Facto

0915 1015 1115 1215 1315 1415 1515 0615

0 Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Hour 4 Hour 5 Hour 6 Hour 21 Hour

Propylene o 0.01 289.65 0.20 0.15 0.22 0.14 0.24 0.10 0.17 0.12Propane p 0.03 300.00 0.86 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.37Isobutane p 0.24 361.88 5.92 5.62 5.30 4.76 4.71 4.31 4.12 1.77Acetaldehyde ox 0.00 372.25 0.00 19.17 37.61 49.80 55.66 61.09 63.12 41.79 1.780Isobutylene + Butene-1 o 0.05 390.92 1.29 1.12 0.72 0.61 0.43 0.40 0.48 0.13n-Butane p 3.44 3.78 400.00 93.65 88.07 83.24 77.24 73.18 68.83 65.22 26.89Methanol ox 0.18 408.00 4.52 5.70 4.16 4.00 4.50 3.82 3.70 1.56 2.000t-Butene-2 o 0.16 411.64 3.86 2.85 1.60 0.81Unknown u 0.09 413.35 2.26 2.06 2.08 2.00 2.25 1.91 1.85 0.78c-Butene-2 o 0.18 425.94 4.34 3.79 2.35 1.61 1.15 1.01 1.113-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.09 457.43 2.24 1.87 1.42 1.07 0.82 0.78 0.65 0.16Ethanol ox 12.76 8.04 461.50 198.93 187.48 180.06 165.68 163.30 152.84 147.15 49.20 1.330Isopentane p 36.50 43.17 474.54 1068.49 1002.82 935.23 858.79 809.18 753.91 707.64 269.26Acetone ox 0.20 476.37 4.86 19.71 44.82 60.38 72.53 78.08 81.42 85.86 1.500Pentene-1 o 0.43 489.36 10.56 9.14 7.11 5.51 4.36 3.51 2.932-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.87 496.17 21.46 15.84 9.41 5.96 4.23 3.15 3.04 1.00n-Pentane p 4.88 5.73 500.00 141.71 133.11 124.26 114.30 107.42 100.05 94.11 35.14trans-2-Pentene o 1.16 508.72 28.75 21.25 12.26 6.63 3.51 2.04 0.87Unknown u 0.01 513.67 0.35 0.24 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.12cis-2-Pentene o 0.62 516.35 15.32 11.41 6.90 3.83 2.16 1.14 0.622-Methyl-2-Butene o 1.47 1.32 521.04 32.68 19.98 7.98 3.53 2.08 1.69 2.22 0.602,2-Dimethylbutane p 0.41 0.46 535.47 11.49 11.11 10.76 9.96 9.56 9.02 8.65 3.87Cyclopentene o 0.20 551.84 4.88 3.50 1.69 0.80 0.41 0.10 0.174-Me-2-Pentene o 0.01 555.00 0.23 0.29 0.35 0.42 0.53 0.42 0.413-Methyl-1-pentene o 0.09 557.98 2.26 2.04 1.59 1.34 1.27 0.91 0.78Cyclopentane p 0.29 0.33 562.82 8.23 7.77 7.15 6.61 6.13 5.67 5.35 2.672,3-Dimethylbutane p 4.00 4.55 565.46 112.62 105.00 96.36 87.54 81.14 74.85 70.02 23.732-Methylpentane p 3.31 3.70 570.09 91.51 85.34 78.34 71.73 66.35 61.38 57.68 19.48Butanal ox 0.02 572.72 0.58 1.36 2.78 4.29 3.98 4.13 4.11 1.37 1.280MEK ox 0.01 577.35 0.33 1.84 13.43 17.94 19.80 20.89 22.05 0.28 1.3303-Methylpentane p 1.93 2.15 583.52 53.30 53.30 45.25 41.31 38.81 35.99 33.57 23.43 2-Methyl-1-Pentene + Hexene-1 o 0.16 588.52 3.99 2.93 2.00 1.45 1.09 0.81 0.65 0.09n-Hexane p 0.98 1.04 600.00 25.78 23.96 21.92 19.74 18.41 16.95 15.89 5.51cis-3-Hexene o 0.10 602.80 2.48 1.85 1.12 0.71 0.31trans-2-Hexene o 0.14 604.98 3.35 2.46 1.49 0.93 0.47 0.31 0.33 0.262-Methyl-2-Pentene o 0.16 607.37 3.86 2.56 1.19 0.62 0.37 0.23 0.29 0.19Unknown u 0.10 610.49 2.40 1.49 0.61 0.30 0.17 0.20 0.08Unknown u 0.02 612.17 0.56 0.38 0.15 0.10cis-2-Hexene o 0.07 614.50 1.76 1.23 0.70 0.43 0.30 0.16 0.21Unknown u 0.13 620.74 3.19 2.23 1.14 0.72 0.44 0.47 0.68 0.272,2-DiMethylpentane p 0.05 625.13 1.27 1.23 1.12 1.07 1.00 0.95 0.92 0.35Methylcyclopentane p 0.89 0.92 627.20 22.74 21.09 19.21 17.26 15.89 14.57 13.57 4.062,4-Dimethylpentane p 2.52 2.51 631.38 62.01 58.23 53.83 49.01 46.30 42.98 40.51 13.672,2,3-TriMethylbutane p 0.08 637.00 1.92 1.93 1.75 1.44 1.57 1.48 2.23 0.422,4-DiMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.00 647.79 1.09 1.17 1.37 1.30 1.34Benzene a 0.38 651.21 9.48 8.42 7.66 5.81 5.63 5.28 5.06 2.423,3-DiMethylpentane p 0.05 657.00 1.26 1.15 1.08 1.04 1.08 0.99 0.98 0.51
Cyclohexane p 0.15 660.96 3.60 3.39 3.08 2.81 2.65 2.53 2.35 0.95

2-Methylhexane p 0.49 668.68 12.01 11.02 10.07 9.06 8.45 7.67 7.05 2.182,3-Dimethylpentane p 3.59 3.27 670.80 80.89 75.22 69.32 63.27 59.05 54.11 50.26 14.591,1-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.04 674.11 0.90 0.933-Methylhexane p 0.48 677.22 11.83 11.02 9.99 9.02 8.34 8.09 7.18 2.32Unknown u 0.02 680.55 0.49 0.39 1.04 1.36 1.69 1.79 1.87 1.53c-1,3-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.09 684.41 2.31 2.15 2.00 1.72 1.60 1.40 1.31 0.353-EthylPentane + t-1,3,-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.12 687.12 3.03 2.73 2.56 2.30 2.09 1.96 1.78 0.472,2,4-TriMethylpentane p 5.40 4.41 690.72 109.22 102.54 95.87 88.40 83.42 77.64 73.26 27.45trans-3-Heptene o 0.01 697.82 0.21 0.14 0.11n-Heptane p 0.24 700.00 5.88 5.28 5.07 4.43 4.07 3.73 3.61 1.162,4,4-TriMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.01 712.30 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.24 0.21 0.23 0.26 0.162,3-Dimethyl-2-pentene o 0.01 714.00 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.40MethylCyclohexane p 0.13 724.30 3.28 3.09 2.77 2.43 2.51 2.24 2.10 0.662,5-DiMethylhexane p 0.33 733.56 8.24 7.58 6.88 6.20 5.72 5.17 4.85 1.312,4-DiMethylhexane + EthylCyclopentane p 0.47 735.91 11.54 10.80 10.02 9.15 8.50 7.89 7.70 2.463,3-DiMethylhexane + 1,2,4-TriMeCyclopentap 0.02 743.87 0.51 0.53 0.48 0.48 0.41 0.37 0.66 0.23

2,3,4-TriMethylpentane p 2.00 1.27 753.56 31.50 29.10 26.33 23.68 22.02 19.87 19.30 5.34Toluene a 3.59 2.29 758.58 56.60 53.11 49.21 45.14 42.72 39.37 36.93 12.722,3-DiMethylhexane p 0.25 762.98 6.13 5.80 5.24 4.93 5.13 4.48 3.74 1.122-Methylheptane p 0.05 767.55 1.34 1.13 1.02 0.95 1.22 0.88 0.62 0.274-MeHeptane p 0.02 769.28 0.58 0.53 0.56 0.60 1.04 0.83 0.51 0.263,4-DiMethylhexane p 0.05 772.50 1.16 1.13 1.01 0.96 1.35 1.16 0.61 0.233-Methylheptane p 0.06 775.34 1.47 1.37 1.25 1.09 1.08 1.65 0.63 0.21ctc-1,2,4-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.03 781.70 0.75 0.58 0.60 0.60 0.63 1.60 0.50Unknown u 0.28 785.98 6.87 6.41 5.95 5.47 5.00 4.75 4.33 1.451,1-DiMethylCyclohexane p 0.01 790.50 0.21 0.12 0.08 0.16Unknown u 0.00 791.10 0.22 0.16 0.13 0.192,2,4-TriMethylhexane p 0.01 794.85 0.15 0.16 0.23 0.27 0.36 0.24 0.20 0.26n-Octane p 0.03 800.00 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.51 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.19ccc-1,2,3-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.01 807.41 0.27 0.51 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.16cis-2-Octene o 0.01 812.37 0.34 0.37 0.18 0.31 0.22 0.20 0.082,3,5-TriMethylhexane p 0.10 819.44 2.53 0.83 2.72 0.76 0.77 0.42 0.78 0.462,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.03 825.88 0.73 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.15 0.134,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.00 829.05 0.48 0.99 2.98 1.84 2.02 2.30 2.472,5-DiMeHeptane p 0.01 838.60 0.34 0.22 0.39 0.14 0.30 0.17 0.18 0.08Ethylbenzene a 0.06 855.40 1.41 1.30 1.30 1.20 1.09 0.99 1.06ctt-1,2,4-TriMeCyclohexane p 0.01 860.26 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.13m-& p-Xylene a 0.17 863.65 4.19 3.82 3.48 3.30 2.93 1.38 1.143-Methyloctane p 0.02 873.73 0.38 0.28 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.35 0.30o-Xylene a 0.04 887.56 1.03 1.02 0.82 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.46 0.26Nonane p 0.01 900.00 0.30 0.44 0.15 0.14trans-2-Nonene o 0.01 902.49 0.16 0.41 0.33 0.36 0.30 0.38 0.44cis-2-Nonene o 0.00 912.37 0.09 0.32 0.30 0.36 0.48 0.40Isopropylbenzene a 0.01 920.34 0.17 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.16 0.17 0.233,6-DiMethyloctane p 0.00 943.64 0.24 0.34 0.26 0.19 0.24n-Propylbenzene a 0.01 950.95 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.35 0.29m-Ethyltoluene a 0.02 957.45 0.61 0.49 0.48 0.38 0.61 0.76 0.17p-Ethyltoluene a 0.01 960.02 0.35 0.29 0.29 0.251,3,5-TriMethylbenzene a 0.01 964.32 0.28 0.21 0.25 0.09 0.11 0.09o-Ethyltoluene a 0.01 976.97 0.24 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.17 0.21 0.181,2,4-TriMethylbenzene a 0.04 991.48 0.88 0.79 0.51 0.57 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.73n-Decane p 0.01 1000.00 0.29 0.28 0.16 0.101,2,3-TriMethylbenzene a 0.03 1022.13 0.74 0.56 0.24 0.55 0.49 0.39 0.50 0.66Indane n 0.02 1036.98 0.43 0.43 0.20 0.08 0.24 0.32 0.171-Me-3-n-Propylbenzene a 0.00 1049.14 0.11 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.25
n-Butylbenzene + p-Diethylbenzene a 0.01 1054.69 0.24 0.11 0.29 0.24 0.33 0.42

1-Me-2-n-Propylbenzene a 0.00 1067.27 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.21Undecene-1 o 0.07 1089.44 1.67 0.99 0.71 0.66 0.79 1.11 0.81 1.69n-Undecane p 0.00 1100.00 0.73 0.25 0.18n-Dodecane p 0.05 1200.00 1.12 1.41 0.91 0.38 0.22 0.29 1.35Chamber Run ER492Initial HC/N0x Ratio is 9.74Sum of Listed GC Peaks 2454.56 2309.95 2167.25 2011.95 1916.33 1801.69 1711.33 705.34Sum of All GC Peaks 2475.00 2330.00 2211.00 2110.00 2097.00 2029.00 1955.00 809.00PAN ppbC 0.16 0.24 0.47 0.76 0.93 3.00Sum of Olefins 146.38 107.95 61.86 39.31 27.37 20.35 18.86 4.88Sum of Aromatics 76.33 70.80 65.40 58.94 56.09 50.77 47.19 18.19Sum of Paraffins 2006.08 1882.75 1745.33 1601.11 1505.65 1400.19 1314.36 497.93Sum of Oxygenated VOCs excluding Ethanol 10.29 47.77 102.80 136.41 154.16 168.01 174.40 130.86Sum of Unknowns 16.12 13.20 11.37 10.30 9.69 9.28 9.05 4.11Ethanol 198.93 187.48 180.06 165.68 163.30 152.84 147.15 49.20Acetaldehyde ox 0.00 372.25 0.00 19.17 37.61 49.80 55.66 61.09 63.12 41.79
Chamber Study 9/15-16/09 Gas#41033 + 10% EtOH Headspace@25C With NO

Oxygenates Corrected by ECN Adjustment FactorsCompound Concentrations are ppbC

Tk091509.01N TK091509.02NTK091509.03NTK091509.04NTK091509.05NTK091509.06NTK091509.07N

935 1140 1240 1340 1440 1540 640

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 20 Hours

NAME RTINDEX

Type HS 25C %Total ECN adj Factors

Propylene o 0.01 289.65 0.220 0.260 0.450 0.350 0.170 0.150 0.160Propane p 0.04 300.00 1.050 1.000 1.020 0.980 0.940 0.750 0.410Isobutane p 0.26 361.88 6.680 5.970 5.760 5.160 4.790 4.610 1.930Acetaldehyde ox 0.00 372.25 0.000 36.419 54.717 66.697 70.221 72.428 50.641 1.780Butene-1 + Isobutylene o 0.06 389.97 1.590 1.230 0.808 0.690 0.560 0.390 0.300n-Butane p 3.44 3.85 400.00 99.850 90.700 81.940 78.070 73.500 69.230 27.520Methanol ox 0.34 408.00 8.740 21.000 19.760 26.780 33.200 26.700 6.760 2.000t-Butene-2 o 0.16 411.64 4.140 1.970 0.770Unknown u 0.09 413.35 2.280 2.180 2.040 2.050 1.890 1.780 0.950c-Butene-2 o 0.19 425.94 4.900 3.320 2.790 0.1903-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.09 457.43 2.290 1.700 1.230 1.130 0.760 0.580Ethanol ox 12.76 8.92 461.50 231.114 212.521 192.105 188.155 170.240 164.069 59.318 1.330Isopentane p 36.50 40.66 474.54 1053.560 942.450 836.900 789.900 736.730 688.750 242.920Acetone ox 0.00 476.37 0 44.88 72.045 88.8 97.65 110.115 128.85 1.500Pentene-1 o 0.42 489.36 10.990 7.600 4.990 3.920 2.780 1.6702-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.88 496.17 22.890 10.900 5.430 3.510 2.400 1.770 0.590n-Pentane p 4.88 5.40 500.00 139.830 124.870 111.210 104.630 97.760 91.490 31.610trans-2-Pentene o 1.11 508.72 28.700 13.190 5.120 1.910 0.250Unknown u 0.01 513.67 0.260 0.210 0.150 0.260 0.190cis-2-Pentene o 0.60 516.35 15.460 7.300 2.970 1.280 0.3302-Methyl-2-Butene o 1.47 1.54 521.04 39.900 11.310 4.070 2.580 2.290 1.7602,2-Dimethylbutane p 0.41 0.49 535.47 12.660 10.880 10.130 9.570 9.100 8.900 4.160Cyclopentene o 0.19 551.84 4.950 2.050 0.540 0.080 0.0904-Me-2-Pentene o 0.01 555.00 0.270 1.390 1.840 1.920 1.980 2.050 0.7903-Methyl-1-pentene o 0.09 557.98 2.270 1.660 1.390 1.030 0.880 0.620Cyclopentane p 0.29 0.35 562.82 9.110 8.550 8.170 8.000 7.220 6.970 3.5302,3-Dimethylbutane p 4.00 4.24 565.46 109.900 95.740 82.730 77.160 70.800 65.460 19.1002-Methylpentane p 3.31 3.49 570.09 90.340 79.350 68.990 65.100 59.960 55.700 17.010Butanal ox 0.01 572.72 0.384 3.712 4.365 4.634 4.467 4.493 2.074 1.280MEK ox 0.02 577.35 0.479 9.935 15.588 19.086 20.163 25.762 16.053 1.3303-Methylpentane p 1.93 2.05 583.52 53.090 47.810 42.780 39.670 37.090 31.430 13.7502-Methyl-1-Pentene + Hexene-1 o 0.16 588.52 4.190 2.450 1.630 0.980 0.640 0.420n-Hexane p 0.98 0.99 600.00 25.750 22.360 19.390 17.950 16.660 15.260 4.680cis-3-Hexene o 0.04 602.80 0.960 1.130 1.230 1.260trans-2-Hexene o 0.13 604.98 3.340 1.680 0.710 0.610 0.420 0.6602-Methyl-2-Pentene o 0.15 607.37 3.930 1.470 0.510 0.410 0.320Unknown u 0.09 610.49 2.400 0.890 0.290 0.230 0.210 0.190Unknown u 0.02 612.17 0.520 0.290cis-2-Hexene o 0.06 614.50 1.660 0.850 0.360 0.210 0.150 0.130Unknown u 0.13 620.74 3.290 1.360 0.520 0.560 0.410 0.420 0.5902,2-DiMethylpentane p 0.05 625.13 1.340 1.210 1.000 1.000 0.960 0.910 0.390Methylcyclopentane p 0.89 0.87 627.20 22.620 19.520 16.690 15.410 13.970 12.720 3.2202,4-Dimethylpentane p 2.52 2.40 631.38 62.210 55.360 48.840 46.090 42.480 39.050 12.0702,2,3-TriMethylbutane p 0.07 637.00 1.870 2.430 3.030 3.600 3.980 4.130 1.9402,4-DiMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.01 647.79 0.290 1.440 1.780 2.030 1.990 1.750 0.640Benzene a 0.38 651.21 9.750 7.720 5.900 5.620 5.300 4.960 2.3803,3-DiMethylpentane p 0.05 657.00 1.220 1.360 0.920 0.820 0.830 0.870 0.330
Cyclohexane p 0.14 660.96 3.620 3.560 2.710 2.330 2.080 2.060 0.540

2-Methylhexane p 0.49 668.68 12.600 10.960 9.280 8.630 7.820 7.210 1.8702,3-Dimethylpentane p 3.59 3.27 670.80 84.840 74.010 64.010 59.230 54.370 50.080 13.6701,1-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.02 674.11 0.590 0.510 0.430 0.440 0.450 0.4703-Methylhexane p 0.49 677.22 12.740 11.620 10.040 9.310 8.650 8.200 3.670Unknown u 0.01 680.55 0.170 1.060 1.590 2.020 2.230 2.250 2.510c-1,3-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.10 684.41 2.470 2.090 1.730 1.600 1.420 1.240 0.3103-EthylPentane + t-1,3,-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.13 687.12 3.260 2.750 2.500 2.220 2.020 1.810 0.5302,2,4-TriMethylpentane p 5.40 4.52 690.72 117.170 105.560 94.130 88.740 82.740 77.230 27.510trans-3-Heptene o 0.01 697.82 0.220 0.200 0.190 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000n-Heptane p 0.25 700.00 6.410 5.960 4.920 4.570 4.220 3.700 1.1202,4,4-TriMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.01 712.30 0.240 0.310 0.350 0.370 0.390 0.3302,3-Dimethyl-2-pentene o 0.01 714.00 0.190 0.330 0.630 0.750 0.550 0.210MethylCyclohexane p 0.14 724.30 3.740 3.360 3.840 2.950 3.050 2.850 0.8002,5-DiMethylhexane p 0.37 733.56 9.640 8.270 7.110 6.510 5.880 5.410 1.3402,4-DiMethylhexane + EthylCyclopentane p 0.52 735.91 13.390 11.480 10.380 10.310 9.440 8.660 2.7103,3-DiMethylhexane + 1,2,4-TriMeCyclopentap 0.02 743.87 0.540 0.540 0.480 0.910 0.870 0.890 0.430

2,3,4-TriMethylpentane p 2.00 1.45 753.56 37.670 32.580 27.760 25.520 23.180 21.390 5.280Toluene a 3.59 2.71 758.58 70.120 62.480 55.440 51.840 48.460 45.430 14.1102,3-DiMethylhexane p 0.30 762.98 7.750 7.130 6.760 5.110 5.100 4.600 0.8802-Methylheptane p 0.06 767.55 1.540 1.310 4.000 1.640 1.370 2.470 0.6004-MeHeptane p 0.03 769.28 0.700 0.790 2.350 3.8103,4-DiMethylhexane p 0.05 772.50 1.410 1.260 2.610 0.860 2.790 1.330 0.4203-Methylheptane p 0.07 775.34 1.810 1.450 3.600 1.090 4.420 1.140 0.240ctc-1,2,4-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.04 781.70 0.940 0.920 0.600 0.540 0.440Unknown u 0.36 785.98 9.280 8.250 7.050 6.470 6.060 5.570 1.6601,1-DiMethylCyclohexane p 0.01 790.50 0.140 0.230 0.160Unknown u 0.00 793.28 0.120 0.130 0.570 0.280 0.5502,2,4-TriMethylhexane p 0.01 794.85 0.240 0.280 0.250n-Octane p 0.03 800.00 0.890 0.940 0.850 2.770 0.800 0.800 0.280ccc-1,2,3-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.01 807.41 0.310 0.230 0.210 0.270cis-2-Octene o 0.20 812.37 5.060 1.550 1.190 0.640 0.780 0.760 1.4502,3,5-TriMethylhexane p 0.13 819.44 3.370 3.030 3.750 4.600 5.010 4.7502,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.01 825.88 0.290 0.230 0.490 0.640 0.460 0.340 4.6504,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.00 829.05 1.110 2.040 2.560 2.870 3.040 2.9802,5-DiMeHeptane p 0.02 838.60 0.610 0.700 0.640 0.430 0.680 0.400 0.470Ethylbenzene a 0.09 855.40 2.380 2.790 1.790 1.830 1.600 1.430 0.470ctt-1,2,4-TriMeCyclohexane p 0.01 860.26 0.200 0.520 0.130 0.170 0.160 0.140 0.280m-& p-Xylene a 0.29 863.65 7.550 6.530 5.030 4.960 4.330 1.7503-Methyloctane p 0.03 873.73 0.710 0.390 0.520 0.520 0.390 0.470 0.560o-Xylene a 0.06 887.56 1.610 1.750 0.980 1.000 1.020 2.110Nonane p 0.01 900.00 0.280 0.110 0.100 0.100 0.110 0.120 0.250trans-2-Nonene o 0.01 902.49 0.250 0.380cis-2-Nonene o 0.01 912.37 0.270 0.320 0.360 1.130 0.620 0.770Isopropylbenzene a 0.01 920.34 0.380 0.430 0.230 0.410 0.440 0.2703,6-DiMethyloctane p 0.02 943.64 0.390 0.450 0.480 0.730 0.580 0.490n-Propylbenzene a 0.03 950.95 0.770 0.750 0.620 0.880 0.890 0.540m-Ethyltoluene a 0.06 957.45 1.670 1.320 0.790 0.980 0.960 0.390p-Ethyltoluene a 0.03 960.02 0.790 0.660 0.430 0.550 0.5401,3,5-TriMethylbenzene a 0.03 964.32 0.730 0.420 0.130 0.210o-Ethyltoluene a 0.02 976.97 0.500 0.420 0.380 0.330 0.330 0.3001,2,4-TriMethylbenzene a 0.16 991.48 4.100 2.140 1.710 1.400 1.230 1.050n-Decane p 0.00 1000.00 0.350 0.090 0.120 0.270 0.3901,2,3-Trimethylbenzene a 0.04 1022.93 0.980 0.630 0.630 0.770 0.700Indane n 0.00 1036.98 0.110 0.210 0.290
1-Me-3-n-Propylbenzene a 0.01 1049.14 0.230 0.230 0.280 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

n-Butylbenzene + p-Diethylbenzene a 0.03 1054.69 0.870 0.390 0.570 0.590 0.560 0.5601-Me-2-n-Propylbenzene a 0.01 1073.24 0.150 0.120 0.130 0.430 0.450 0.240Undecene-1 o 0.04 1089.44 1.160 1.220 1.310 0.990 1.730 2.710n-Undecane p 0.00 1100.00 0.410 0.160 0.140 0.450n-Dodecane p 0.02 1200.00 0.620 0.780 0.310 0.380 0.310 0.540Chamber Run ER489Initial HC/N0x Ratio is 10.8Sum of GC Peaks 2544.017 2313.887 2094.808 2014.371 1905.421 1795.847 754.256Sum of All Peaks 2591.000 2344.000 2102.000 2037.000 1914.000 1807.000 780.000PAN ppb 0.000 0.100 1.000 2.300 3.500 5.000 11.000Irradiation Time 0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 20 HoursSum of Olefins 160.330 77.210 42.648 27.360 20.180 13.010 8.160Sum of Aromatics 102.580 88.780 75.040 71.800 66.810 56.640 19.350Sum of Paraffins 2021.960 1804.850 1606.900 1508.610 1411.220 1311.870 457.340Sum of Oxygenated VOCs excluding Ethanol 9.603 115.946 166.475 205.996 225.701 239.498 204.378Sum of Unknowns 18.320 14.370 11.640 12.160 11.270 10.760 5.710Ethanol 231.114 212.521 192.105 188.155 170.240 164.069 59.318Acetaldehyde ox 0.00 372.25 0.000 36.419 54.717 66.697 70.221 72.428 50.641
Chamber Study September 17-18, 2009 Gasoline#41033 HS@25C With NO

Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Compounds Corrected for ECN of FIDCompound Concentrations Given as ppbC

TK091709.02NTK091709.03NTK091709.04NTK091709.05NTK091709.06NTK091709.07NTK091709.08NTK091709.09N

0925 1030 1130 1230 1330 1430 1530 0630

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 21 Hours

NAME Type HS 25C %Total RTINDEX

ECN adj Factor

Propylene o 0.01 289.65 0.33 0.29 0.34 0.31 0.39 0.31 0.16Propane p 0.05 300.00 1.38 1.30 1.31 1.10 1.00 1.25 1.03 0.52Isobutane p 0.29 361.88 8.19 7.72 7.10 6.72 6.41 5.77 5.63 2.14Acetaldehyde ox 0.00 372.25 0.00 21.91 43.93 54.52 63.21 63.72 64.88 33.52 1.780Isobutylene + Butene-1 o 0.08 390.92 2.13 1.93 1.39 1.04 0.87 0.67 0.56n-Butane p 4.35 4.43 400.00 125.16 115.24 109.05 100.18 94.18 85.65 82.27 31.21Methanol ox 0.00 408.00 0.00 5.26 4.96 5.08 5.24 4.64 4.10 4.30 2.000t-Butene-2 o 0.19 411.64 5.39 3.58 1.81 0.77Unknown u 0.10 413.35 2.83 2.63 2.48 2.54 2.62 2.32 2.05 1.01c-Butene-2 o 0.21 425.94 5.81 3.68 2.19 1.30 0.64 0.293-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.11 457.43 3.11 2.78 2.00 1.63 1.29 1.20 0.75Isopentane p 44.83 47.10 474.54 1330.48 1216.26 1140.36 1035.51 964.82 871.76 834.53 286.92Acetone ox 0.00 476.37 0 28.5 83.37 101.535 114.165 121.155 130.86 132.45 1.500Pentene-1 o 0.48 0.56 489.36 15.70 10.57 7.80 5.96 4.71 3.41 2.472-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.98 0.98 496.17 27.74 18.33 10.47 6.58 4.70 3.56 2.72 0.71n-Pentane p 5.81 6.17 500.00 174.20 159.45 149.11 135.53 126.75 114.48 109.31 37.64trans-2-Pentene o 1.23 1.29 508.72 36.36 23.71 12.00 5.40 2.30 0.69 0.13Unknown u 0.02 513.67 0.48 0.38 0.27 0.23 0.16 0.16 0.14cis-2-Pentene o 0.69 516.35 19.41 13.01 6.89 3.62 1.58 0.62 0.122-Methyl-2-Butene o 1.82 1.51 521.04 42.68 21.14 7.61 3.49 2.49 2.90 2.19 0.442,2-Dimethylbutane p 0.49 535.47 13.83 12.83 12.21 12.07 11.13 9.50 9.94 4.47Cyclopentene o 0.22 551.84 6.19 3.88 1.46 0.37 0.12 0.084-Me-2-Pentene o 0.00 555.00 0.20 0.42 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.68 0.663-Methyl-1-pentene o 0.11 557.98 2.97 2.54 1.94 1.58 1.38 1.11 1.12Cyclopentane p 0.36 562.82 10.26 9.74 9.33 8.36 7.87 7.20 6.91 2.452,3-Dimethylbutane p 4.62 4.86 565.46 137.31 124.13 113.94 101.86 93.83 83.67 79.47 23.792-Methylpentane p 3.78 3.92 570.09 110.84 100.83 93.15 83.83 76.17 68.00 64.74 20.39Butanal ox 0.00 572.72 0.00 0.63 4.24 4.88 4.68 4.43 4.65 2.04 1.280MEK ox 0.00 577.35 0.00 2.79 7.34 12.73 14.99 15.95 17.77 11.61 1.3303-Methylpentane p 2.18 2.27 583.52 64.04 65.05 62.96 56.01 52.36 47.63 45.19 19.512-Methyl-1-Pentene + Hexene-1 o 0.20 588.52 5.54 4.39 2.43 1.95 1.14 0.79 0.61n-Hexane p 1.08 1.11 600.00 31.47 28.31 25.89 23.88 21.43 18.97 18.10 5.74cis-3-Henene o 0.11 602.80 3.18 2.19 1.29 0.25trans-2-Hexene o 0.15 604.98 4.20 2.77 1.55 0.75 0.52 0.20 0.22 0.312-Methyl-2-Pentene o 0.17 607.37 4.86 2.77 1.11 0.70 0.33 0.34 0.23Unknown u 0.10 610.49 2.95 1.57 0.65 0.16 0.22 0.15Unknown u 0.02 612.17 0.68 0.45 0.20cis-2-Hexene o 0.07 614.50 2.11 1.40 0.82 0.39 0.25 0.14Unknown u 0.14 620.74 4.05 2.40 1.12 0.52 0.40 0.50 0.31 0.282,2-DiMethylpentane p 0.06 625.13 1.56 1.49 1.38 1.26 1.18 1.04 0.99 0.39Methylcyclopentane p 0.99 0.98 627.20 27.81 24.90 22.57 20.12 18.41 16.32 15.38 4.042,4-Dimethylpentane p 2.68 2.66 631.38 75.02 67.96 63.47 57.58 53.67 48.21 45.60 14.522,2,3-TriMethylbutane p 0.09 637.00 2.47 1.99 2.69 3.77 3.01 2.76 2.96 2.602,4-DiMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.00 647.79 0.14 1.95 2.27 2.24 2.13 2.12 0.55Benzene a 0.35 0.44 651.21 12.32 10.68 8.86 7.99 7.27 6.95 6.75 2.893,3-DiMethylpentane p 0.05 657.00 1.40 1.29 1.56 1.34 1.10 1.24 1.24 0.41Cyclohexane p 0.15 660.96 4.25 3.83 3.55 3.88 3.01 2.85 2.75 0.91
2-Methylhexane p 0.51 668.68 14.39 12.88 11.82 10.42 9.65 8.70 8.09 2.18

2,3-Dimethylpentane p 3.64 3.45 670.80 97.51 87.83 81.89 73.78 66.99 60.08 56.69 16.301,1-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.02 674.11 0.69 0.50 0.44 0.453-Methylhexane p 0.51 677.22 14.33 13.28 12.29 11.31 10.33 9.17 8.76 3.22Unknown u 0.01 680.55 0.41 0.58 1.39 1.99 2.15 2.20 2.37 2.15c-1,3-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.10 684.41 2.90 2.57 2.25 1.99 1.78 1.53 1.41 0.443-EthylPentane + t-1,3,-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.13 687.12 3.77 3.23 2.98 2.70 2.44 2.24 2.08 0.752,2,4-TriMethylpentane p 5.21 4.63 690.72 130.72 119.63 112.77 102.64 95.64 86.88 83.13 30.09trans-3-Heptene o 0.01 697.82 0.28 0.18n-Heptane p 0.25 700.00 6.94 6.53 5.94 5.28 4.65 4.30 4.20 1.192,4,4-TriMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.01 712.30 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.44 0.28 0.40 0.112,3-Dimethyl-2-pentene o 0.00 714.00 0.14 0.24 0.37 0.56 0.44 0.47 0.40MethylCyclohexane p 0.14 724.30 3.88 3.58 3.50 3.10 2.90 3.44 3.31 0.462,5-DiMethylhexane p 0.35 733.56 9.75 8.78 8.01 7.11 6.55 6.44 6.28 1.402,4-DiMethylhexane + EthylCyclopentane p 0.48 735.91 13.66 12.53 11.38 10.57 10.23 8.95 9.65 2.633,3-DiMethylhexane + 1,2,4-TriMeCyclopentap 0.02 743.87 0.60 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.51 0.43 0.63 0.142,3,4-TriMethylpentane p 1.76 1.33 753.56 37.69 33.77 31.72 27.21 24.76 22.20 20.99 5.53Toluene a 3.31 2.65 758.58 74.96 68.43 64.46 57.78 53.65 48.85 46.44 15.212,3-DiMethylhexane p 0.25 762.98 6.99 6.75 5.98 5.70 5.14 4.69 4.592-Methylheptane p 0.05 767.55 1.48 1.34 1.07 1.12 0.94 0.89 0.94 0.184-MeHeptane p 0.02 769.28 0.66 0.66 0.69 0.94 0.73 0.69 0.75 0.383,4-DiMethylhexane p 0.05 772.50 1.32 1.23 0.98 1.29 0.93 0.71 0.83 0.293-Methylheptane p 0.06 775.34 1.76 1.50 1.13 2.17 1.01 0.53 0.83 0.19ctc-1,2,4-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.02 781.70 0.56 0.71 0.81 2.03 0.80 1.19Unknown u 0.29 785.98 8.13 7.51 6.79 7.62 5.69 5.23 5.22 1.431,1-DiMethylCyclohexane p 0.01 790.50 0.24 0.29 0.18 0.29 0.28 0.40Unknown u 0.00 793.28 0.12 0.17 0.102,2,4-TriMethylhexane p 0.01 794.85 0.19 0.24 0.19 0.62 0.44 0.35 0.34 0.22n-Octane p 0.03 800.00 0.89 0.83 0.99 0.71 0.73 0.71 0.57 0.27ccc-1,2,3-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.00 807.41 0.27 0.22 0.17 0.27 0.11cis-2-Octene o 0.03 812.37 0.87 0.25 0.21 0.22 0.40 0.25 0.152,3,5-TriMethylhexane p 0.04 819.44 1.02 1.71 1.46 1.30 5.13 1.06 1.04 0.462,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.01 825.88 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.17 0.23 0.214,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.00 829.05 0.80 1.71 2.40 2.76 2.84 3.06 3.352,5-DiMeHeptane p 0.01 838.60 0.20 0.60 0.35 0.58 0.33 0.20 0.12Ethylbenzene a 0.08 855.40 2.38 2.08 1.92 1.75 1.73 1.46 1.33 0.38ctt-1,2,4-TriMeCyclohexane p 0.00 860.26 0.19 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.13m-& p-Xylene a 0.48 0.23 863.65 6.59 5.95 5.35 4.56 4.31 4.40 1.753-Methyloctane p 0.01 873.73 0.20 0.27 0.22 0.32 0.41 1.28 0.80 0.70o-Xylene a 0.05 887.56 1.32 1.52 1.31 1.13 0.94 1.00 0.93Nonane p 0.01 900.00 0.25 0.21 0.15 0.15 0.08 0.11 0.13trans-2-Nonene o 0.01 902.49 0.22 0.13cis-2-Nonene o 0.00 912.37 0.24 0.41 0.35 0.69 0.56 0.71 0.47Isopropylbenzene a 0.01 920.34 0.25 0.62 0.21 0.20 0.50 0.19 0.42 0.143,6-DiMethyloctane p 0.02 943.64 0.50 0.36 0.47 0.55 0.65 0.49 0.49n-Propylbenzene a 0.02 950.95 0.59 0.56 0.86 0.66 0.67 0.99 0.36 0.59m-Ethyltoluene a 0.05 957.45 1.29 1.74 1.45 0.96 1.00 0.46 0.35p-Ethyltoluene a 0.02 960.02 0.63 0.54 0.50 0.26 0.221,3,5-TriMethylbenzene a 0.02 964.32 0.63 0.49 0.28 0.22 0.23 0.09 0.13o-Ethyltoluene a 0.02 976.97 0.56 0.53 0.41 0.31 0.35 0.34 0.241,2,4-TriMethylbenzene a 0.07 991.48 1.96 1.72 1.41 1.05 1.31 1.11 1.00 0.82n-Decane p 0.00 1000.00 0.09 0.18 0.18 0.30 0.15 0.281,2,3-Trimethylbenzene a 0.02 1022.93 0.68 0.61 0.57 0.51 0.40 0.66 0.42 0.51Indane n 0.01 1036.98 0.20 0.23 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.231,Me-3-n-Propylbenzene a 0.01 1049.14 0.33 0.47 0.42 0.28 0.21 0.27 0.30 0.22n-Butylbenzene +p-Diethylbenzene a 0.01 1054.69 0.28 0.33 0.56 0.47 0.24 0.45 0.49 0.42
1-Me-2-n-Propylbenzene a 0.01 1067.27 0.21 0.19 0.25 0.31

Undecene-1 o 0.04 1089.44 1.04 1.09 0.90 0.94 1.77n-Undecane p 0.00 1100.00 0.10 0.08 0.28 0.09 0.11 0.13n-Dodecane p 0.01 1200.00 0.42 0.49 0.55 0.41 0.37 0.31 0.25Chamber Run ER490Initial HC/N0x Ratio is 11.2Sum of GC Peaks 2789.07 2558.56 2434.14 2242.52 2110.17 1923.16 1856.71 744.38Sum of All Peaks 2825.00 2587.00 2452.00 2274.40 2209.70 1971.00 1892.00 877.80PAN ppb 0.00 0.38 0.74 1.20 1.60 2.20 4.40Irradiation Time 0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 21 HoursSum of Olefins 190.66 121.54 66.37 41.02 28.58 20.60 15.97 5.18Sum of Aromatics 104.98 95.92 88.32 78.72 73.31 67.48 61.00 21.31Sum of Paraffins 2473.58 2266.09 2122.50 1931.05 1794.70 1617.84 1547.10 528.88Sum of Oxygenated VOCs 0.00 59.09 143.84 178.74 202.29 206.48 222.26 183.91Sum of Unknowns 19.65 15.69 13.00 12.90 11.18 10.63 10.24 4.87Acetaldehyde ox 0.00 372.25 0.00 21.91 43.93 54.52 63.21 63.72 64.88 33.52
Chamber Study September 22-23, 2009 Gasoline#41033 HS@25C With NO

Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Compounds Corrected for ECN of FID

Compound Concentrations Given as ppbC

TK092209.01NTK092209.02NTK092209.03NTK092209.04NTK092209.05NTK092209.06NTK092209.07NTK092209.08NTK092209.09N

0815 0930 1030 1130 1230 1330 1430 1530 0030

0 Hours 1 Hours 2 Hours 3 Hours 4 Hours 5 Hours 6 Hours 7 Hours 22 Hours

NAME Type HS 25C %Total RTINDEX ECN adj FactorPropylene o 0.01 E 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.26 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.10Propane p 0.04 300.00 0.93 0.95 0.81 0.75 0.62 0.64 0.68 0.64 0.25Isobutane p 0.27 361.88 6.94 6.41 5.84 5.25 4.84 4.45 4.10 3.75 1.31Acetaldehyde ox 0.01 372.25 0.20 17.05 35.16 43.68 47.44 48.17 48.24 47.86 19.21 1.78Isobutylene + Butene-1 o 0.06 390.92 1.52 1.40 0.98 0.87 0.63 0.48 0.47 0.34n-Butane p 4.39 4.30 400.00 110.28 100.56 91.18 82.75 75.17 69.88 63.26 57.83 16.61Methanol ox 0.20 408.00 5.02 4.66 4.54 4.04 4.7 4.04 3.26 3.12 1 2.00t-Butene-2 o 0.18 411.64 4.69 3.22 1.71 0.88Unknown u 0.10 413.35 2.51 2.33 2.27 2.02 2.35 2.02 1.63 1.56 0.50c-Butene-2 o 0.19 425.94 4.78 3.78 2.20 1.24 0.77 0.37 0.163-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.12 457.43 3.09 2.53 1.56 1.18 1.04 0.77 0.58 0.54Isopentane p 44.83 46.93 474.54 1202.73 1093.25 977.02 882.71 792.32 732.33 659.29 598.32 157.89Acetone ox 0.03 476.37 0.68 4.86 49.08 80.09 88.67 94.31 95.12 94.20 64.19 1.50Pentene-1 o 0.48 0.57 489.36 14.49 11.75 6.56 4.93 3.67 2.88 2.16 1.502-Methyl-1-Butene o 0.98 0.98 496.17 25.03 17.53 9.75 6.45 4.17 3.36 2.71 2.12 0.60n-Pentane p 5.81 6.15 500.00 157.62 142.89 128.25 115.79 103.75 95.79 86.33 78.18 20.12trans-2-Pentene o 1.23 1.27 508.72 32.56 22.84 12.11 6.09 2.87 1.32 0.56 0.19Unknown u 0.01 513.67 0.36 0.29 0.25 0.18 0.22 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.17cis-2-Pentene o 0.68 516.35 17.34 12.29 6.70 3.58 1.77 0.96 0.44 0.212-Methyl-2-Butene o 1.82 1.46 521.04 37.47 21.45 8.05 3.74 2.04 2.20 2.32 1.91 0.702,2-Dimethylbutane p 0.48 535.47 12.42 11.42 10.30 9.42 8.54 8.03 7.21 6.62 2.02Cyclopentene o 0.22 551.84 5.61 3.88 1.71 0.61 0.174-Me-2-Pentene o 0.00 555.00 0.27 0.29 0.36 0.30 0.34 0.303-Methyl-1-pentene o 0.10 557.98 2.59 2.48 1.78 1.43 1.15 0.90 0.78 0.61 0.32Cyclopentane p 0.36 562.82 9.33 8.55 7.50 7.19 6.10 5.89 5.35 4.78 1.082,3-Dimethylbutane p 4.62 4.83 565.46 123.84 111.47 98.14 87.44 77.42 70.75 63.40 57.08 13.222-Methylpentane p 3.78 3.89 570.09 99.67 90.23 79.16 70.82 62.60 57.27 51.28 46.22 10.86Butanal ox 0.02 572.72 0.64 1.93 3.46 3.96 4.02 3.70 3.99 3.83 0.28 1.28MEK ox 0.01 577.35 0.27 0.20 0.16 7.12 10.43 12.09 11.77 11.78 1.96 1.333-Methylpentane p 2.18 2.29 583.52 58.62 57.66 56.64 50.80 45.28 42.37 39.47 36.36 13.812-Methyl-1-Pentene + Hexene-1 o 0.17 588.52 4.33 3.24 2.53 1.42 1.35 0.70 0.50 0.34n-Hexane p 1.08 1.10 600.00 28.22 25.24 22.25 19.67 17.55 15.87 14.32 12.75 2.91cis-3-Hexene o 0.11 602.80 2.78 1.95 1.16 0.59 0.31trans-2-Hexene o 0.15 604.98 3.74 2.60 1.52 0.75 0.42 0.22 0.35 0.16 0.182-Methyl-2-Pentene o 0.17 607.37 4.34 2.64 1.19 0.42 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.21Unknown u 0.10 610.49 2.66 1.64 0.69 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.14 0.23Unknown u 0.02 612.17 0.63 0.36 0.24 0.08cis-2-Hexene o 0.08 614.50 2.02 1.26 0.81 0.43 0.28 0.19 0.10 0.10Unknown u 0.14 620.74 3.55 2.39 1.09 0.73 0.46 0.42 0.36 0.58 0.152,2-DiMethylpentane p 0.06 625.13 1.43 1.30 1.18 1.07 0.96 0.91 0.80 0.85 0.21Methylcyclopentane p 0.99 0.98 627.20 25.22 22.44 19.66 17.33 15.15 13.85 12.23 10.992,4-Dimethylpentane p 2.68 2.65 631.38 67.92 61.32 54.50 49.09 43.94 40.60 36.37 32.66 7.972,2,3-TriMethylbutane p 0.09 637.00 2.26 1.95 1.67 2.12 2.06 2.13 1.27 1.08 0.362,4-DiMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.01 647.79 0.18 1.33 1.29 1.35 1.48 1.52 1.35 1.15 1.46Benzene a 0.35 0.44 651.21 11.17 9.53 7.48 6.48 5.97 5.88 5.21 4.62 1.723,3-DiMethylpentane p 0.06 657.00 1.46 1.16 1.19 1.06 0.99 1.07 0.97 0.81 0.25Cyclohexane p 0.16 660.96 4.16 3.46 3.16 2.84 2.57 2.47 2.09 1.93 0.562-Methylhexane p 0.52 668.68 13.39 11.77 10.39 9.20 8.04 7.37 6.35 5.73 1.212,3-Dimethylpentane p 3.64 3.50 670.80 89.58 80.37 72.17 64.04 56.73 51.97 45.61 41.15 7.901,1-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.04 674.11 0.99 1.19
3-Methylhexane p 0.52 677.22 13.35 11.84 10.34 9.72 8.56 7.91 6.87 6.32 2.46

Unknown u 0.03 680.55 0.66 0.32 0.99 1.52 1.53 1.63 1.68 1.74c-1,3-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.11 684.41 2.76 2.30 1.93 1.77 1.46 1.30 1.22 1.06 0.203-EthylPentane + t-1,3,-DiMeCyclopentane p 0.14 687.12 3.57 2.97 2.58 2.33 2.04 1.84 1.73 1.49 0.292,2,4-TriMethylpentane p 5.21 4.75 690.72 121.79 110.72 99.93 90.08 80.92 74.86 67.23 60.84 16.03trans-3-Heptene o 0.01 697.82 0.29 0.20 0.09n-Heptane p 0.25 700.00 6.49 6.45 5.48 4.50 3.97 3.69 3.16 3.20 0.612,4,4-TriMethyl-1-Pentene o 0.01 712.30 0.24 0.26 0.19 0.23 0.39 0.25 0.24 0.31 0.132,3-Dimethyl-2-pentene o 714.00 0.21 0.29 0.23 0.31 0.44 0.42 0.32 0.33MethylCyclohexane p 0.15 724.30 3.80 3.32 3.13 2.70 2.38 2.09 1.95 1.73 0.452,5-DiMethylhexane p 0.36 733.56 9.32 8.46 7.54 6.40 5.62 5.25 4.53 3.98 0.822,4-DiMethylhexane + EthylCyclopentane p 0.51 735.91 13.04 11.98 10.97 9.47 8.39 8.34 6.92 6.22 1.763,3-DiMethylhexane + 1,2,4-TriMeCyclopenta p 0.02 743.87 0.53 0.53 0.59 0.52 0.40 0.77 0.32 0.31

2,3,4-TriMethylpentane p 1.76 1.42 753.56 36.45 32.75 28.37 25.14 22.22 20.10 17.55 15.68 3.02Toluene a 3.31 2.75 758.58 70.37 64.19 57.13 51.48 46.19 42.10 37.51 33.88 7.682,3-DiMethylhexane p 0.26 762.98 6.78 6.63 5.77 5.25 5.31 4.13 3.49 3.50 0.822-Methylheptane p 0.06 767.55 1.50 1.36 1.15 1.04 1.16 0.77 0.58 0.734-MeHeptane p 0.03 769.28 0.72 0.69 0.72 0.68 0.96 0.62 0.43 0.61 0.443,4-DiMethylhexane p 0.05 772.50 1.38 1.28 1.13 1.08 1.26 0.84 0.62 0.83 0.443-Methylheptane p 0.07 775.34 1.71 1.57 1.33 1.15 1.29 0.88 0.70 1.46ctc-1,2,4-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.03 781.70 0.67 0.68 0.64 0.49 0.62Unknown u 0.32 785.98 8.24 7.51 6.52 5.79 5.14 4.64 4.19 6.88 0.801,1-DiMethylCyclohexane p 0.01 790.50 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.15Unknown u 0.01 793.28 0.16 0.18 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.192,2,4-TriMethylhexane p 0.01 794.85 0.17 0.18 0.25 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.25 0.25 0.44n-Octane p 0.03 800.00 0.76 0.67 0.53 0.53 0.59 0.52 0.38 0.33 0.44ccc-1,2,3-TriMeCyclopentane p 0.01 807.41 0.18 0.22 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.11cis-2-Octene o 0.00 812.37 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.22 0.13 0.14 0.21 0.21 0.222,3,5-TriMethylhexane p 0.14 819.44 3.49 0.96 1.06 1.26 1.08 0.93 0.80 0.612,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.01 825.88 0.30 1.47 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.14 0.174,4-DiMethylheptane p 0.00 829.05 0.43 1.32 1.59 1.89 2.16 2.50 2.43 1.512,5-DiMeHeptane p 0.01 838.60 0.37 0.24 0.35 0.23 0.27 0.15 0.19 0.12Ethylbenzene a 0.09 855.40 2.30 2.06 1.92 1.53 1.47 1.29 1.14 1.04 0.21ctt-1,2,4-TriMeCyclohexane p 0.00 860.26 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.09m-& p-Xylene a 0.48 0.26 863.65 6.71 6.04 5.12 4.88 3.81 3.62 3.10 1.27 0.703-Methyloctane p 0.02 873.73 0.53 0.44 0.32 0.90 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.26 0.27o-Xylene a 0.06 887.56 1.41 1.51 1.30 1.12 1.03 0.97 0.77 0.80 0.24Nonane p 0.01 900.00 0.19 0.24 0.08trans-2-Nonene o 0.01 902.49 0.27 0.39 0.37 0.40 0.23cis-2-Nonene o 0.00 912.37 0.11 0.32 0.32 0.60 0.39 0.35 0.40Isopropylbenzene a 0.01 920.34 0.24 0.45 0.32 0.31 0.36 0.25 0.54 0.213,6-DiMethyloctane p 0.00 943.64 0.33 0.29 0.21 0.44 0.30 0.18 0.48n-Propylbenzene a 0.03 950.95 0.66 0.60 0.61 0.72 0.73 0.57 0.55 0.56m-Ethyltoluene a 0.06 957.45 1.48 1.34 1.13 0.94 1.62 0.62 0.69 0.52 0.28p-Ethyltoluene a 0.03 960.02 0.76 0.71 0.59 0.55 0.39 0.42 0.301,3,5-TriMethylbenzene a 0.03 964.32 0.70 0.53 0.35 0.22 0.15 0.19o-Ethyltoluene a 0.03 976.97 0.67 0.64 0.45 0.46 0.34 0.30 0.31 0.371,2,4-TriMethylbenzene a 0.08 991.48 1.93 1.79 1.25 1.10 0.86 0.79 0.66 0.63n-Decane p 0.01 1000.00 0.29 0.29 0.37 0.14 0.11 0.131,2,3-TriMethylbenzene a 0.03 1022.13 0.79 0.55 0.78 1.12 0.52 0.36 0.33 0.53Indane n 0.01 1036.98 0.27 0.14 0.13 0.26 0.37 0.16 0.101,Me-3-n-Propylbenzene a 0.02 1049.14 0.46 0.29 0.31 0.27 0.29 0.18 0.23n-Butylbenzene + p-Diethylbenzene a 0.01 1054.69 0.35 0.24 0.36 0.46 0.31 0.441-Me-2-n-Propylbenzene a 0.01 1067.27 0.29 0.29 0.15 0.19Undecene-1 o 0.05 1089.44 1.36 1.13 1.06 1.18 2.05 3.77 1.16n-Undecane p 0.01 1100.00 0.15 0.22 0.10n-Dodecane p 0.03 1200.00 0.74 0.45 0.37 0.36 0.40 0.66Chamber Run ER491
Initial HC/N0x Ratio is 10.5

Sum of Listed Compounds 2543.85 2296.87 2076.79 1907.79 1732.52 1610.28 1463.29 1339.87 392.72Sum of All GC Compounds 2563.00 2300.00 2055.00 1875.00 1695.00 1575.00 1430.00 1315.00 390.00PAN ppb 0.13 0.45 0.61 0.71 1.02 1.18 1.51Sum of Olefins 169.34 119.13 64.46 39.45 26.41 17.49 18.18 11.16 5.10Sum of Aromatics 100.29 90.47 79.23 71.22 63.17 58.23 51.91 45.40 10.83Sum of Paraffins 2248.37 2043.41 1828.40 1647.29 1477.27 1362.89 1222.54 1111.33 288.54Sum of Oxygenated VOCs 6.81 28.70 92.39 138.88 155.25 162.30 162.37 160.80 86.63Sum of Unknowns 18.77 15.02 12.18 10.69 10.05 9.21 8.19 11.18 1.62Acetaldehyde ox 0.01 372.25 0.20 17.05 35.16 43.68 47.44 48.17 48.24 47.86 19.21