GECRE1 

REF :JtD:A65604 

:!J __ ,. -:I 

14 December 1M:5 

TO: 

l. Tllf.a memol'a!llum. sumnarlzes the .cOJJJmente of the 

C1phOD.J" Sub-COl!lnittee ot the MA.TO .on the Aftl1 Croun4 i'oroea 

l:qulpnent Renew Boa.rd Report. The aemorandw:a ia d1rl4eG. in• 

to four pa.rte ae tollowa i 

l. ·aeno:ral Comente 

II. COJUPeDts on Spec1t1c !Jera(!l"R.i>be ot the SubJect 

Bepon 

III. ~emt.s on the Statements I.~111de b7 the Theaters 

-snd Ottier 4;enn1ee o.n t~e Sub3ect li.eport 

IV. 3umnary o:r the ~essnt Statue or the Ci:phon:y :t=wcnm 

2. 1.!!e aten4 t9ken b:y the !'..rt:JY Ground Forces ~'1111pment 

Rev1eu Board witl.1 re,.rd to cl:phony eQU1praent Dtl":f be summanzed as tolloua: 

a. .t.n inteemted Becure te1etJhone syste:t. should be 

the prlnsry ru.ans of tectical cotnUn1oat1on. 

b. ...\de<!1J8te seoure and lic,ht i-.teisht ci~hony equiPment is the preao"'?lln.~nt ~eed ln achievinc such a communications systeo. 

c. DeV$lopc.ent ot 1m~.,rovea. o lp!tony e oui~ent should 

be f;;iven the h1@est ;>rio-r1tl"• 

3. The ~b-COl?Jinittee co:icure. in the ir.q>o:Rance ot olphony •quipment &Del 1n the necessity ot giving its development the hi(;heet pr1or1 ty. 'l'he speed, convenience and the 

advantages of direct, pereonnl contaet o'1ta1ne4 with voice 

commnn1cat1on are f\lll.J" recot,,""'llized by the aub-oomralttae. Bowner, certain tacts muat be conaidered ?>etore a t lnal deo1-

elon ia reached to use voio9 eannn1nicatlon. aa the prima:rJ" 

means ot tactical oo.!Jlil.Un1cat1on. 

4:. The complex nature o-r speeob neults in aer1oue 

teohnolog1oal 41tf'1cultiea which must be overcome before 

both .-cure en4 lit;ht we1sht ciphOD.J' equipnent can be proeclassifi ed and a roved for release b NSA on 04-18-2014 ursuantto E .0. 1352 
. . 

REF ID:A65604 

WDGSS-72 (14 ~eom:iber 1945) 

vide4. ~\t the present stage, aeoure equipment oan be pro• v1ded but such equ1pment ia large and complex. Presen' 

light weight equipment is insecure and inadequate 1n other 

reapeots. It must be reaognized that no solution is nov 

in slsht whioh will entirely overoome the problems involved 

and that 1 t w1 ll probably be some years before equipment which 1a both small and seouro enough to be used on the verr 

widespread baaie crontemplated by the Ground Forces can be 

developed. lurthermore, severe compromises 1n the remainder 

ot the communications system rmy be required to accommodate 

such improved oiphony equipment. 

5. Another factor to consider in tte widespread use o-r 

ciphony equipment is the lack ot a permanent written record. 

In the oaae ot ~"IC$~\LY 1 a high echelon aeoure o1phony device, it was tound necessar,- ~tter a period ot use to 1n• ~tall recorders for this purpose. 

e. In view ot the above, it is recommended that the 

development ot c1phony equipment be continued with the highest yossLble priority with the aim ot ultimately achieving the results desired by the Ground J'oroes while, at the sa:m.e 

time, continuing a ooneidera~le program to develop improved, ~ore convenient and raster literal cipher systems. 

1. one important decision whioh ~ust be made in con• 

nection with the applioation ot ciphony to an integrated communications system concerns the plan used in applying eiphony to the aysten. Two ~enera.l ,1ans are possibles 

a. Ciphony equipments located at the users with 

no intermediate c1phony devices. 

b. Seouri ty tor each link 1n the system prov14e4 

by separate. oiphon7 equipments. Thia would mean that when 

a call paaaes throueh several nitohboarda, c1phorl7 equip. 

menta located at the n1tchboarda (and at the uaere) woul4 

secure each link 1n the system 1n4ependentl7. 

a. While (a) above is tho more 4ea1rable alternatiYe 

from a security v1ewpo1nt 1 since the ueers oan be oerteln 

that a4equate security is being maintained over the entire 

system, the d11't1oult1ea in proY141ng and operat1ns.tbe -a7ste.ra make it thoroughly impraotleal. Cryptograpbioall.J' _communioable o1phonr devices would be required at eyerr telephone. Thia will only be Po••lble when a very anall 

but h1shlJ' aeoure 4ev1oe le au1lable. Pu.rthermore, evel"T 

uaer would have to be in po8aesa1on ot the kef aettlnge 

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REF ID:A65604 

\IDGSS-72 (14 December 1945) 

required to communicate with every other user with whom 

he must communicate. This la obviously 1mpraot1cal 1n a 

highly intesrated system trom both security and operation• al viewpoints. ..~ further objection to this plan is the 1ntlex.1b111ty which would result. It is therefore recommended that plan (b) or a compromise between plana (a) an4 

(b) be adopted,. 

9. The Board report has very little to say with regard to C1tax equipment. It seems likely that a need, per- haps not clearly recoenized at the present time, exists tor 

a oitax dev1ce for tranBillitt1ng classified maps, sketches, 

photographs, etc, The Cryptographic ?lan (SIGIRA) includes 

requirements tor two types ot c1tax devices: (a) A port- able device for use in forward echelons and (b) A fixed 

plant device tor use between higher headquarters. 

II. 

10. ?ar. 89b - ?reproduction models ot Speech Equipment :J-1/GSQ.•3 are ncnv in the hands ot this .\gency and tests 

on them will be completed by 15 March 1946. This equipment partially fulfills the requirement for equipment tor A.rm.y 

Corps and Division nets b11t does not meet the military charaoteristics included as Inclosure 3R ot the 9oard Report. The nomenclature, Speech Equipment Al~/GS'l-5, haa been assigned equipment to meet the m111~ary characteristlcs. ?ilot 

models will be available in not leas than two years. Speech Equipment AN/GS~-4 to ~eet tne-milltary characteristics 

(Inclosure 2R) for equ1pnent tor Jegimental, "9atta11on and 

Company neta is now under development, but pilot models will 

not be available for several yeara. 

11. ?ar. l06a - concur. 

12. Par. l06b - Concur. However, in general no dit• 

terenoe between equipment for uae on radio and wire should 

be contemplated. 

15. Annex R1 Par. lb • Concur in so tar as the need 

tor apeeoh eecurlt7 ls expreaaed. 

14. above, 

.. ' '\nnex R, Par. 2~ • See paragraphs 3 14,5 and 6 

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REF ID:A65604 

\tDGSS-?2 (14 Deoember 1048) 

16. ~LDnex R, rar. Sc - Development work on these 

equipments has alread7,been started. See Paragrnph 10 above. 

III. cor-:r.:::mn O?f 3TATl.MENTS OF THZ • .\T" .... RS AND OTIIERS 

------------ - - - --------- 17. ;..:To Coments, Par. 89a - Concur with one exception--no inherent security is available in any radio equipment , 1 no lud!ng JU;i/TRC•6. 

18, L~O Comments, Par. 89b • Concur. However, due to 

the technical problems Involved in the development ot such 

equipment, lt is unlikely that light weight equipment of 

medium and high security oan be provided tor a considerable 

period ot time. In the 1mMed1ate tuture, equipments will be 

either large in size or relatively insecure. 

le. .:..TO ComMents, Par. 89g - Concur in the need for 

enciphered tacsii'ilie. If RC-51 is used to transmit the plain 

text ot ''fl'itten ffiesRages, some ~eans ot enciphering the trans 

n1tted signal should be provided. It is not felt, hm~ever, 

that the cipher device should be built into the r~ceimile 

equipment. but rather that the tacsi~ile and aipher equip- zr~nt should be ot functionally integrated design. See par- ae;ra!)h 9 above. 

20. ETO Con:nents, Par. 3 - Concur in statement as a 

general policy. ~xceptlona may he required in specific 

cases, however. 

21. U3AJ'? Cornnents on Snecific .:.'arao.ranhs 1 and 2 -

Conour in the lo9ortance or speech security. ' 

2a. 

23. SCEL Comments, Par. l06b - Conour. ·see paragraphs 

3, 4, 5.and 6 above. 

24 .. 'AJ'PAOt;-,1/lc • ~'Fhis statement 1•_.lnt.erpreted to 

mean that a secure clphony device should be provided tor 

use with nob a syatem4t'-· Conour that security would be re• 

quired tor· auoh a aye~em!~ /·._ -~--·~·: _. 

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REF ID:A65604 

s-ECREl ~IDGSS•'12 (14 December 1945) 

est 1n c1~Rony 1~gfpi~fit g~bfB:kpgt:tt~p ¥~i·u~f~v:e~r8i& has become increasingly a?pnrent. The first recognized need tor speech security equipment which resulted in the development ot a highly secure device was for e,.. .1ipment to secure radio-telephone circuits between ".!ashington, D.c. and 

the various theaters of operation. The equipment developed 

to till this need was Telephone Terminal RC-220-Tl or SIO- S~LY. 

28. The SICS.A.LY 1a a very large, intricate device, oons1st1ng or approximately 50 seven toot individual 

bays and requiring fixed plant installation in buildincs 

capable ot beinb air-conditioned. Air-conditioning apparatus in included as a ,art ot each terminal. 

27, The equipment has served its purpose very 

adequately. The cryptogra,hic pr1nc1ples utilized are 

sound and the develot>'nent and use or t~e equi?ment has 

?roven to ~e a si~nificant steppinJ stone in t~e advancement ot the art of speech security. 

2a. By the sprillG or 191:2, it was apparent that 

there ''e:re detin1 te requirements for s:peec·1. secllrity equipnent, not only in the high-level echelons \d th \"1hich SIC- ~ALY was associated, but also in ~rrtrr Corpst ~1v1s1on and 

lo\•1er. . .. t this ti::ie the .\.rmy COin&"!IUnications Board investigated the requirements (Case No. 77 1 "Security of Voice 

Comr:iunioation over .z1re and Radio Circuits"), proposed 

military c11aracteristice for three types of' speech secur1 ty 

equipment• and recolllllEmded t.heir developnent. These were: 

{!Pe I - Equipment ~or use forward of the Division, 

ottering ~ (2) hours ot security. Equipment should not 

weigh core than 50 pounds, should not occupy more than li 

cubic teet and should not require r11ore than 150 watts ot 

primary power. 

~::ype II - Equipment serving headquarters ot Divisions, Corps, ""rmiea and Task Foroes ofter1?16 72 hours of 

security. Equipment should be oapable ot being 1nstalle4 

and operated ln a standard 2i•ton cargo truck with a trailer tor primary power aupply. 

me III • Bquipm.ent aervins headquarters ot Theaters, Deenae commands Uajo:r Commands and the War Depart• 

ment ottering 11 monthal seourlty an4 be operable ae term1.nal equipment ln t~xed.plant lnstallatione. , -

.... ' at. The r~Jo~en4at1ona ot the Arrrq Communloatione 

Board were approved .by the Assistant Chief ot Start, 0-4, and oono~~re4 in byi~be ~as1at~nt Chier ot statt, 0-1 • . -·~ SEGREf:~~ -. . -~~ I ~ \~,.~ ....... -'!<a;&.:.;': ... , .. , t' .. ..?- _'°l .. 'I ~'t". \ I 1 I ... I~ ~ ~'\ ..... -":,, ., ;. ,,_ 4 

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REF ID:A65604 

--1~~RET-

".TI>oss-'z (14 December 1945) 

It was.d1rected4bv 0-4 that the1recommendat1ons1ot the ooara-De oarrie -out as exped~~ ousiy as ~ss10 e. 

30, The requirement for Type IIt equipment had 

already been tilled by SIGSALY. It wae t!ien necessary to 

develop the Typea I and II deTicee. Nomenclature wae assigned as Speech Equipment, A?l/GSQ.-1, tor the Type I equltment and Spee oh Equipment, AN/GSQ-2 t tor the Type II equip• 

ment. (Later, the i\AF requested that two Type II equipments be furnished; one installed ln a shelter, and the 

other pQcked tor air shipment. The former was designated 

as Speech Equipment 1 AN/GSQ.-3) • 

B. Present Status 

31. Speech Equipment, ~\N/GSQ.-1, which was developed 1n an attempt to meet the requirements for Type I equip- ~ent 1 is a device operating on the time-delay-scrambling (TDS) principle. The Army Ground Forces becaoe interested 

in it after a demonstration before t~1e Infantry Board at 

.Ft. Benninb in :.:arch• 1945. It was decided by the .\~ 

Ground Forces that 1t would be acceptable as an interim device and 'Vtould be issued on a T/O and ~ basis to ~~rmy Ground 

Forces units. .\t the time hostilities ci-.ased, :>lans were 

beine; m..'lde wi tli the manufacturer for large-scale production. 4t present, s~ec1ticat1ons are prepared, test data are available and t ';,e equipments may be .manufactured i:f' the need 

should arise. 

32. The principle faults ot t)e equipMent are: 

(1) It does not otfer sufficient security. 

(2) It can be used only on a push-to-talk circuit, due to the inherent time delay 

ot the system. 

(3) It is too large and requires too much 

power to be used as a man-carried device. 

83. Speeoh Equipment• .Uf/GSQ-3, which has been 

under development in an attempt to meet the requirements of 

Type II equipment, ls a miniaturization ot the SIGSALY equ1Pment, Contraota were placed tor six (8) service test or preproduotlon models, and two J2) ot these have been del1vefe4. BJ' 15 Ua.roh 194& all six (6 will have bean dei1vered an 

eng1neer1ng and service teats will have been completed • . 

34. Before the cessation ot host111tles, the 

AJ:1rtf Ground Foroea 1n41oated a subatantial requirement tor -.,, 

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REF ID:A65604 

\'IDGSS-72 (14 December 1945) 

Speech Equipment, ,UJ/GS·.1-31 .Again, arrangements were being made with the manufacturer tor la'rge scale production, the equipment be1ng acoe~ted by the AGF as interim device. 

Atter V•J' Day, the proourement prograz1 was cancelled and 

nothing turther has been done toward sched~ling procurement to provide the equ1pJr,ent to tactical troops, although the equi,ment has been standardized. 

35, The AN/GSQ.-3 tell short of the military charaoterlatias as set forth tor Type !I equi,ment 1n the tollo\1ing respects: 

(1) The equipment is much larger and heavier 

than called for by the u/c•s. Installation 1s made in a large 4-wheel trailer 

with the power unit carried by the towing tractor (a~-ton CarGo tllUck). 

(2) Special microphones are needed (these 

are furnished as part ot the equipmant). 

36• The equ1Pl?lent exceeds the M/C's with regard 

to security requirements, in that the security ottered is co~parable to t~at of the SlGSALY. The size of this equi'-

ment could not be a~preciably reduced by lm1ering the aecur1 ty. 

c. Current Plana 

37. ~oth Speech Equipment, ~"'.N/GS~-1 and Speech 

Equipment 1 .lN/GSi~-3 have f'allen into the category of interim devices tor the irmy Ground 3oroes because ot the recent requirements \"lhich became evident early in 1945. These 

are set forth in !!11.litary character1st1ca prepared by the 

Arr:q Ground J'oroes and forwarded to the Army Secur1 ty .Agency 

in ::i.::aroh 1945. The two equipment& required by Arrsrr Ground 

Porcea have been aaa1gned the nomenclature ot Speeoh Equipment, AN/GSQ.-4 and Speech Equipment, 1J1/GSQ.•5 (Incloaurea 

SR and 3R, Army Ground !'oroea Equipment Review Board Re• 

port). 

38. At the present time, researoh work la being 

conducted t4'h high priority in order that tht '"° equip• menta .may be exped1t1oual.7 4eveloped. Several proposals tol' the AJ!l/~Q-'fl show prom1_ae and the.se are being 4111..,. 

gently -•tuctiea.' Work on the AN/GSQ.-4 baa oona1ate4 o~ pre- llminar, reaeareh and, as yet, no method tor prov14lng the 

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REF ID:A65604 

WDGSS-72 (14 December 1945) 

necessary security with the size and, aa yet, no method 

for providing the necessary security vdth the oize and 

v1eight 11m1 tat1ons has been rev..-led. The work continues 

on this baais. 

39. Every ettort ls being made to kee"? abreast 

with the trend toward miniaturization and functional in• 

tegratlon of i~rmy oommun1cat1ons equipment. From the development of the SIGSALY to the projected plans for Speech Equipment, AR/GaQ-5 1 great strides have been accomplished. 

It is expected that, although no immediate solution is evident tor the Sl!'Jaller equipments, more secure and somewhat smaller devices may be developed.in the next few years. 

-~CCRET-

~ . .. -..! .. I-..-. ,. 

DANIZ:L F • :IOTII 

Captain, dignal Corps Chairman. Ciphony SubComnittee 

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