... 

REF ID:A65609 

.Alii..'f bJ!JtYIC!. .iiOhCiS 

$1GNAL OOliPS '.i!.aGllJz:f.IUtilG LAJj().aiAl'Uhl.18 

OJLib SlGNAL LABOIUt.t'OllJ 

Bill BAH, ll:UJ Jl!.1'811' 

11 Ootober 1945 

KtPOld or ,,1g lkltlP'..dar cg,_,.qrm 

I. ~.C.iL1.i....!31 WI -"hllil&.. lt. is the obJeative ot t.lda eomit.t.ae to .:.1.i.tline a 

prouam f'or tbe dnalopnent of taailltiea f'or tranamiaaion ot telephone and 

telegJ"B.;i1 signal.a and other forms of intelli1enoe OTer wire lines in t.he 

AraT cmmunicatioa nAtmYr-lr': I!: ~..!! e~"!!!!f:Ct!cm.,. A;he=e ia a turtt111r requ1re11mt that the aignala traumi tted over the wiro Unea ahall be capr:1.~e ot 

!'eh'B!!..,.°'!!9i0!! b:" '!lottaer transmiaaion mediums, partiaularq radio vitbout 

additioDBl complicated equ1sment. or operating procedures. 1be t"ollo~ing 

gmeral ttpaa ot equ!paent and i"ac111t1es are reqUU-ed for solution ot th:ls 

problem. .. 

A. ~ares and cables to serve aa a transmission medi1'!l• 

B. i:quipment UDd tools for installktion ad malnt.arumcE> or the wire 

linca. 

C. ~tation aquipaent tor conversion ot Jntellipnce to and trc. 

electrical SD.argy. 

J>. i:5vdtah1Dg equiP!ellt suitable for interconnecting a.ll similar 

00111m1miaa tl.cm alu:annela. 

I. fransmiaaion equipment tor greater utilisation ot the transmission 

medium. 

II. ADV.Adelll Wl'.IiG ,.u&,.D MR II. Dllring t.be tim between tbe opening ot the 

European .. ar ill 1939 and t.he Ullited States• entrJ' 1D 19411 lllBD3" Bil611t1cant 

developmmta were llU&de in the Arrq wire cCl!llllUD.ications equipnent. f'ne exploitation of mobile warfare by the Germana 1li th the grea:t.l.J' increased 

distances for miich communications ,;ere required placed great sa1pbaaia on 

the ncod tor better t.ranaaiaaion. llmi:,ng this period, all presently a'V&ilable carrier telepo.one and telep-aph equipment, a,piral-tour cable, the two-

'Wire f.epeatar IE-691 and t.ho tour-wire lfspaater .tE-99 wore developod. Iz1aproved 

construction mett.lOda aucn aa rapid pole line const.r.iction t.ad tile develo mtent 

or t.;,e cablo plow .rere alao conwmma.ted, bu.t were never c;enerally accepted 

tor uae .n the field. 8ubaequent. to tr1e United States• entrJ' in tue 11111", no 

genon.l tad."Yr&nCe in tue art ot wire cOlllllllmlcation was m • .de, moat it the etiort 

bein .. • e:x.peaded 1n a aearcb ior rnibatitutes for oritical -.tvr1ala1 1mpi-ove111811t or the perf"oru111DOe or the equipment b.1 cbunges in ~•chaaical and 

eleotriaal ciasit"D1 and the 11o:i,s t.ure and. tungiprooting oi' eqldpnent tor use 

in tne troa>ic11. Prior to the cessation ot .no•tiiltiea, a nUlllber ot an 

@'pproved for Release by NSA on 04-21-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 
REF ID:A65609 

projects were aut4or1zed, soma o:l 1t:1iah arc a 1Jproaahing complation such 

ns hlejl speed coils, lightweight field wire, a new field Bidtchboard, and 

a ligh.twaijlt telet1pewriter. Qt.her projects have more rocen~ been 

auti:.ori1ed, and no aignificant probl"988 has been met.de to date. These 

projects are included in the general diBOUBsion or required research 

and dovelopnan t outlined in otuer parts of this report. 

Ill. Pl!iliEij? §'W'U89 

A. GeaeraJ.. Tb.ere are a good m11117 items which compri11e tb.c list of 

wire aomnmication equipments. Many of tb.ese are adapted from the coa:mercial 

field vitb little or n0 cnange in design, eitller because ot' ~lar .Depart.ment 

policy, ' laclc or developnent £mids or lack o£ time to prosecute developDent. 

Thia hu resulted in llOJl8 equipnent being extremely heavy and bul1q tor 

militar)" use, p.'1"tiaular~ when man-pa.eked or used by p.~ollute troops, 

and haa aggraw.ted the supp'.q problem beoauae or the neceasity to~:- using 

non-intercr.nngM.ble part.a made by di££8l"G!lt manufacturers for tee Bllll8 

piece of equipment wnen expansion or the sources of supply became necessary 

in wartime. In addition, a great lll&D1' wiro equipnents or vari.ous designs 

and J!'.akes we?'EJ beugbt tar use in tb.e fixed plant. All this equipment 11&8 

handled by the same supply organiaatione and as a rEJsult, t.be number of 

parts waich were kept in stook waa enormous. It ia believed that this 

trend hW5 been roaognizad and in the future, developnent oi' equipnent which 

ia suit.-tblo tor both fixed plant and tactical. use will be oo.de wherever 

possible. Discussion of the present status of the various clb.ases or wire 

communications equiμnent follows. 

B. Wire and Cab1e. 

1. 1'he major standard it8ll18 ot equipnent "1"& &S f'ollowsa 

a. Wire \'1-130-( ) , lightweight assault Y.i.re for forward uae. 

b. Wire W-110-B, gen.oral purpose field wire. 

c. Wire \'l-143, long distance field wire. 

d. Cable Aaaembl.7 CC-358, spiral-four cable. 

•· Cable ?IC-5.34 and f.C-535, five and ten-pair cable ueed u an 

entrance cable tor field wire lines at comuumd pouts 11 and other concentration.a • .. 

2. The development of llgntweight field Wires '1"D-l( )/tt and 

\1D-l4( )/rr is rapidl.7 approaching completion. T'nese- wires employ new 

insulating and protective materials and have the range of present field wire 

with libout 2/3 ot the strength and "1/3 or t.he weight. 

2 
REF ID:A65609 

3. It io aicPU'ioant tuat. all mres listed are 8Uitable only for 

voice-i'roquen07 trauann1 •aion, UOGpt •piral~tour oal>lo which is aatiatc.cto17 

£or transmiaaion or fl'equanoie• up to 16 ko or 4 or 5 voice channel&. 

c. 1J!msm111&iop Fsμ1mmt. 

1. '!be tollow1Dg ma.Jar items ot equipment are now stf.o..ndard in 

ti.&iS oategor.ya 

a. Carrim" tele}ilone and telegraph equipuent or the er 1eriea. 

This equipment providee tour telephone ohamlela tor tnmaission over spiral.-

four cable on a f'aar-\T.l.re baai.a or over open-wire line• on a t.wo-wire basis 

and is capable ot utilising 8111' voice ahwmel to derive e1x C&lTior telegraph 

channels. 

b. Repeater D-89, two-wire, battery operated, 21:.type voice 

repeater for tiald lines. 

a. Repeater EB-991 four-wire battery operated, voice repeatc-.r 

tor field lines. 

d. Repeater TP-14, t1'0-1dre ba.ttery or power oponi.ted, 22-type 

repeater tor f.'911eral use. 

•· Telegraph Terminal 'ID-l( )/TC0-1, equipment wnioh proTI.des one 

carrier telegraph cbannel 1n the middle or ILD1' VG>ice chamlel wl'dle rete.1 n1 ng 

the use ot the latter. 

t. Telephone TP-9, telephone set with vacuum tube amplitiers for 

both talld.ng and listening use on extended field lines tor point-to-point oommunica tion. 

2. It is 11ign1ticant that a maximum of f'our TPiae channels can be 

placed cm field L'aoilitJ.es with these equipments. Voioe-trequeno7 communication it1 still uis!#£ exclusively in the lower eahel.ollll. 

D. Line EQμimept. A large number of it.au arc included in tW.ti class 

of equiJ,D€1Dt inalud.~1 reels, reel units, cable ht:l.ngera,. poles, pole hardware 1 m-e>saal'D!S, insulators, linemen 1 a personal aquipnent, eto. For t.actical 

line constrllction in tol""N&l"d area.a. Axle RL-27 and P.eel Units m.-26 and HL-31 

are the main items oi' ec:fuisment used. field wire ia extensively used tor 

ties. In pol.a line COD&truction, the methods and eq,·""'-Plllent used tor rural. 

telephone lines in this country, llUoh as Class 9 poles and 'rruak 1-44 pole 

set.ting equipuent, are •till 1D use by the Army. ?ruoks lt-4.3 and K-44 are 

still listed as standard it.au on ?ables of F.quipaent. Her.raver, experience 

in the European Theater indicated that these trucks were not aatis£1:£Ct.ol'J', 

eitoer as a motor vehicle or aa a piece of Signal Corps equipment. At the 

c1oae of the war in that theater, one field Arrq bad cli.saarded both vehicle• 

referred to in tavor of the sta,ndard. 2-1/2 ton, 6 :x 6. Ra.pid pole line and 

multi-airline oonstru.otion methods using structural timber havo been used to 

a limited extent. Plow-in met.bods using Plow LC-61 or a mod11"1ed plow, were 

3 
.. 

REF ID:A65609 

omployed larg~ on an experimental scale. llo'1ever, it is felt ti.u..t there is 

a very dei~inite opportunity tor d,,velopnent in tnia reapoct.. Overall trunk 

line construction equipment romaine too bulkJ and heavy, and trur.k line construction methods aro ownborsome and far too slow. 

E. TeJ.emone Mtchboard§ anci Station l'Quianept. 

l.. f!J.ephgpe S!itohbgards. 

a. .All present atandard telephone switcbboards are of the 

manual type, file major telephone centnl. ot£1ce set& and swito...~boards now 

standard are li•ted belows 

(1) 

(2) 

~elepbcmfJ Central. Off1M Set 1'0=19, t!ajor component 

Swi tohboard BD-UO. Ca.paci tq a manmum ot 6 poa_ .. ions 

with 4 trunks, 60 oommon battery and .30 magneto li11ea 

per position. Ueed at Army and Anq Group. 

Tele~ Ottice &?t ftbi. Kajar component 

Std.toh B • CapaeitJ" a maximum ot 2 positions 

(non-multiple) with 40 common battery, 20 JllL:.f.lleto 

lines and 4 trunks per poai,tion. Used at Corps, 

(Thia eat •• recently replaced by Telephone Central 

Office Set AN/'l'TC-3. i..ain component Switchboard BD-120. 

Capacity- or J positions with 30 COJr.mon battery and .30 

magneto lines and a trunks per position.) 

(3) Telephone C"JQ Office §et TC-J.. Major component 

Switchboard • Capac! 'G,y' one position with 40 ~eto lines. Used at Division. 

(4) Tel.ephsme Centra1 Office Set TC=J,2. 1£jor component 

Switchboard BD-91, Capacity one position wi~ 20 

magneto 11.nea. Used in echolona bel.ow Division and 

in AAl 1m1 ts. . 

(5) mtchboards BD-n agd BD-12, Six or 12 line mouoaord 

eld awitab.boards used at Fieg1ment and Battalion 

level.a. 

(6) @!itchbo&rd SB-ls/Ql, Very lllD&ll, emergmcy, six 

line field nitchboU'd.1 using Adapter PlUg U-4/GT as 

line unit. Tel.epbone E!-8 is used as the operator's 

aat. 

b. It will be noted that there are tour diff'erent types ot 

the larger telephone central office sets. 1110st of tb.ese types are made bf 

at least tbree ditterent JIBDUfacturere. Component parts ot 1:he awitahboard 

made by one IDBDutacturer &1'€1 rarelJr 1n terchangeable w1 th those made by 

another. As a result, t.he oomponent parte ot aU manufacturers must be 

4 
• 

REF ID:A65609 

kept. in stock 1eparate1J'. It will aJ.ao be noted that the hea:vy, 1:11l.q field 

Swi tchboarda BD-71 and ~D-72 were designed about revtt.mped rJorld • ar I sw1 tobboard units in '.-hat was thought.- to be an eOODODJl' move at the time because or 

the la.rge stock on hand. Fortunately this bo&rd will. aoon be replaced by 

Switchboard SB-'22/PT, an eipt-line lightweight field switchboard of the 

pa.ton cord type wnich 1B leas than 1/2 of the weight of: the present switchboard. , 

2. Tt,l.eDhon• Station Bit&· 

a. Tile major items of equipoent no:.Y standard w:id in use in 

this aa tegol"1' f ollo•,.,. 

(1) 'relEl!Xione EE-8, standnrd field set with leather or 

oanvas case, captible or being opE..-ra.ted on either 

local battery or common bat;tery lineu, ar.ploys 

Handset 'fS-9 and derives pcmer tram two Battmiea 

BA-30. 

(2)'l'ele1:wme rP-3, this telepaone is similar to felepb.one 

El!:-8 except that it uses llandset rs-10, sound-powered 

type. • 

(.3) felei;Eone TP-6, a standard commercial desk tclepbone, 

w1 th certain minor ch...ngea to make it n.dE..ptc.ble tor 

ArDl7 use. 

b. The peri"02'111tlllce of this category oi' equifG1.9Dt has been 

generally ae.tiatactory, except that the handsets in general do not fit well 

under the ~.-1 l:x:A.ttle helmet. 

r. 'l'olegn.Dh Switchboards and Station Egμioment 1 One of the major 

advances in wire oomnnmications during this war mu1 the greatly expanded 

uee ot• the teletypewriter for communicntions. The speed, accuracy, and 

dependability of this type of communication by any metl1ud of t.ranamission 

has been a verr important factor in the m'i'icieney of communication syertem11. 

1. Telesra.gh Switgiboe.rd Fa~. Telegraph Centre.l Oi'f1ce Set 

Tc-.3 with its major oomponent S\'ii:tchboard BI>-100 .ts.a genera.l.l¥ and liidely used 

in the field. The nitcnboard operates cm a neutral basis with 10 line capa- city~ ll.tree sw1 tchbot.rda u:ry be operated toget..1or to g1 ve a tot.al capacity 

ot 30 lines • 

• 

2. TelesratJb. wtat1on Eguipmmt. Itanrs of equipment in Uds category 

which are no~~ ste.ndnrd follow. 

a. Telegru.:ph Set TG-5, a emall, menuall7 operated, telegr • .i.ph aet 

i'or transmission ot international Morse code. V1itb the advent ot the teletypewriter, the use o:t' tnis set hliB greatl.1' declined. 

' 
REF ID:A65609 

b. ~e~tg Seti El-97-A an.d E1-98-A. Principal component !eletTpewri tar m-~~ i'his 1a the TalritJpe C.JZ"p. il.5 Printer w1 th stanaard 

keJ'boal'd adapted for Artq use. It la very c;enerally uaed :ln all echelons fl9Cll 

Division upward and in tiDd. plant, 

c. Nat.t'QIPirit!r Set l:l-l,02. Prinoipal 001!lPOJIODt feletn--

wri tar M-37-( ). !his equlpacm.t 1e s1prllar to the fG-7-( ) acept that a 

•teorologiaal keyboard 1• anplqod. 

4. Reparforato£ '-t•t:mawntar Set TC-16.._ Principal. camponmt Bepa:rforator lranmnittar fC.:Z,..:( • Tliia oarapoiu."Dt aoaaist.s o£ two un:t.ts, the 

printer ropertontor for prepariDf. tbe tape either by local k'Q'board opel'ation 

or frm:t received l.1Do llignala, and a tranm..itter-distributor tor trcnamitt!.Dg 

the pi-epu.rod :aeeaap O"/er the line. Uaed quite G:Xtena1 veq in the fixed plant 

at tel•t.rt>ewriter centers a.ud to a limited extent at knfT Beadqusrtara and 

higher echelons, although not authorized equipment. 

e. Repeater ~t N-18· llajor component Repeater 1'0-3(). Polarantial type d-c terminal 1,elegrapi repeater for extending telet.YJ:lErai.ter operating range on f'iold and opm-wire 11Des and alao to interconnect u. s. BJ2d 

British te1egraph equipa.mtfl. 

· t. .Rewter Set TQ-19. Major aomponPnt Rop•ter ·:ro-31. Polarential type d-a 1nt8l"'\edie:te telegraph repeater for long field an4 open-wire 

lines. liq be operated on attmdod or unattended basis. 

IV.cti:Eam~r ~D Of J)!.DLQPlDlt. Devel.opmants ncn1 iD Pt-or.:z·ees ware initiated 

wt.m the e~is \i&B placed en tho Paoific ~Jar and ratleot the lessons learned 

in that var. In pnera1, empbasia is placed on ligtitoninr. of equi:;>1Wnt because 

or the necessity- tor man-packing muo1l oi' tho eq,uipnent used in tl!is tbetLtor. ' 

..\s r 1,:tht be •9eote4, there 11ai1 boa no call for now or 1'bdical. dept:.rture• 

tram prosent OOL11"'Unicat.ton 117stoms since the introduction of suoh l!Httal"da in 

an >~ aatista.ator1 apt. in the uiddle of a war ''IOUld bo dittioult, it", 

not hlpoaaible. Desaription o£ the devolo,:aents now being p:i:oseauted tollo\7a. 

A. High §peed Coils, itle deaire to elimiDate t.rie clmnSJ", cuml>eraome, 

reel.a and reel units required in lqing out field lines reuultod in the 1ni-tiation ol the devel.opumt of bib"h speed coils. A bir,b speed coil consists of 

a prociaion ~d aoil ~ field wire inalosed 1n a li&:jltnifih t conttdner 

and wound in auar1 a manner that the coil may be unwound from the cmtar without rotation or uae ot other auxiliary equlpnent, S,. this meti.~ad wire 'tJJll1' be 

laid at higti speed from a plmae or at low apeed from e. • paokboa.rd or a 801d:ler •a 

baclc with equal ff.LCili t7. Thia 1:1etbod o£ packing w.l.re has beeU succesafall1" 

applied to \,ire U-130 of all trpea 1t111ah :ln. thia tom is packaged in \~ire 

Dispenser :X-301/G. Prior to V-J Jla1', tbGl"e was l:lzJ. tad production oi" t(da 

dispmaar f'or field use.. It ia believed tb< the method oa.w.~ be generaJ.11' 

applied i;o tleld nres and oablea ara.d :l t ia now being investigated £or 

application to tiel.d Yl1re111 ~D-1( )/ft and ~iD-14( )/n, wbJ.ah will be packaged in ~·ire Dispena• 111-306/0. 

6 
• 

• 

.. REF ID:A65609 

B. nb·aa i'P=ll }/ft pd ;.p-14( >/n, Devol.ol:amt of' tllr.10 wire• •• 

:1n1t1Rted to provide " re-i>]aaement tor \'l.l:rea 'lt-llo-.B uZld '1-JJO-( ) ill the IntantrJ D!:ri.etaa.. 1\1.eJ' -.pl.of a. new, ll10l'e efft.oiea.t1 11ghtwe1Jjlt inaala.ticm 

\'Ii t.b. a t41D, ErXtrudecl plaatia or bra1da4 cover. feel k:lnrr; -range is equal to or 

BJJ.O&tq bat.tar t.lum t!.alcl nire \~-~ &1th '1/3 tne wight and 2/J ot the 

atll'eDgtlh In nnp, atnagtn., and dmoabili ti", it far ezoeeda wirea of the 

1-130 tf'pe wltb reJativeq aaJ.l 1.Dore.ae in weight. baa wirea i1&ve baea 

atandliZdiHd and ac:ae produotion at Vlin V.'D-1( )/ft was obtained. prior to 

V..J na,. 

o. M!illbolircl • gztn, .&a mmtionect above, tbe preeent stHzldal-4 

field Swi tch&:il'd~BD-71 ucl BD-72 Wl'8 daaipad about awi. tahbol.Z'd un1 ta of 

World \.a.r I Yintage. '&e;r were ~ be&V ~~ lllllll-paak 1llld a1 a result 

dneloinmt ot Switahbaud SB-22/n, an eif;ht l.iDe, iatoh cord type board 

waa authori•ed.· Preset lndiaationa an that the board 1'1ll be about '1/2 

tbe wigbt ot the preemt nit.olibooZ'da on equ1ftlc11:t tunot.1onal 'baa11t• 

Latest advanaea :ln·acmponmt deaip and moiatu:reproofiD.g toclmiqUH ae 

be1Dg lnaorAlOl"ILted.• 

D. N•tnznritar rt-U'tG. A8 111111t1cmed aboTe, ..-eient telel;Jpewiitera in uso in thEt Al'llJ' network& e&re standard ~ maah1Dea adopted 

tor m1litli17 ue. 1bei:r bulk and wlgb.t pr8ftnta man..pLCk and restricts 

use to t.be higher eahel.ona. Dnelopunt of ?elet.Jpewritar H-4/'lG aa 

authorised to produce a machine 11biab. ._. eapeolall1" deal£Ud for Arrq use. 

By complete meohard.cal redea1p1 81mplit1oation1 doi}t.iOD of new tealmlq,ue1 

and eliminati'-"11 ot aert&in extrlm801UI tea.turea not neectac1 :l.D A2'JV cirouita, 

a conaidenblc :radu.otion. in weight baa been f'ouad possible, Dn"eloi:aent ie 

11811 UD<lerwai7 and f!'mll pNsent :lndiaationa • the completed maobiDtJ .,,.....11 weiall 

onq about 25" of the w.ipt ot the pream.t standard Teletnnrl 'ti::r 1'0-7-( ) • 

Y. p .. 1-J!,'{,~I~F~ .. t!1'8 .V~AI§JT i.'t CLOg 01' •..AK1 fhe potentialitiea of ~."O&pous 

under developuaant at end of \;orld ilar II are 8UGh t.hat tbe future of' 'Dll1'ta7 

tact:f.cs aunnot bGJ tontold with B1J7 degree at a.asurauoa. It ia obvious thu:t; 

the !JrOoesaea of wzr w1ll qe 1,e: ansel.J' spet>ded uo, Pnd that the scope ot 

t1.0tual aumb&t 1'1ll not. be local1aecl. ~t.uy dewlopMDta in t.'e u. s. l.rf'lY 

during • orld itV II were. all 1n the d:l.reat.ion ol bieher apao1allza tion 1D. all 

.t'ields 1io1lllrd the and of eaormauaq !uoreasiDg the &mount anrl t.he mobUi 'Q' of 

dea liruati ve fire power- P"'J' aoru.ba t ·unit of both land. and a1:r torcea. !hert> waa 

a aorreapondingq gl"ltat iDcrea.ae 1D the requirements tor aammm:l.cation tar 

pllllming and ef'1'eati.Dg tbo coorclinat4on and contro:L ot tbe ~ apeoiallaed 

aJ.emmte involved :l.D auppqiq and delivariDg this fire power. IY81"J' pr'eaent ind.iaation aleu.rl.7 pointa to a fu."tllre course or greatl.)' !Dcr•secl tecbniaal. 

a9ea1al1at1.on1 greatly inonased deatruative aapacit:Lea and h:lgbl,y OOllpl.es 

technical defensive &rad ottenaive llJ'll--· 1'he oanoomitant need for gZ"OHtl.1' 

iDOl"G&llecl capabilitiea tor COllllllUD1catil.an and data trauamiaaion are innitable. 

Aaoordineq, the bend ot llilitaq COIOlllUDioatlons lllLll1i be toYtard a tlez:ible 1 

hi~ gl'ILde aomunicatioaa systaa 11i&ioh atf'ords. tbe CJ'(lateat number ot alwmel.11 

for the tranemiae1on of intelllgonce iii the ahorteet time over Bll1' Uiatenoe 

and bett1aon WJ7 ciTm points. fart.her, tae equipaent invol'riKi 111W1t be 

lil!')ltar, ..Uer, l!!OZ'e durable, and ao designed. that it ia poslibl.e to :rapidl.J' 

interchange anc1 maltiple um.ta to:r tbe aio1t e:rtioient operation as the situat:l.on. 

Olump1. 

7 
• 

REF ID:A65609 

A. !be pa.mtpat4gna SUtw• A dl•cuallioD ot the requinmmta tor 

the f'utme ocmnm1cation• 1J'9tem am tAe vari.OUll clu••• ot wire co..~nm1cation 

equipnenta u t.hq now appear follow. ~.1th tae growth and ai•• of tine Am, 

and p-eatar illtardepeadmae at one md.t on anotber, tbe ft8t ammat ot ?1ataial 

.required, BDd the iDereaaed lllOftlll8llt it bas beam• more and more imparatlve that all aaamm1aations bla :lntegra.t.ed into a aompl.ete 8J11t.I. 1he f'ollowing 

are augpated raquiral!mte tor Reh a apt.a 

1. Con.plet.G ~ntegration ot '111.re and radio oamunications in a sinr).o 

2. .Four-wire or eqmftlent tour-wire O'l8l"ation of l!l.l trunk (ldDg distanoe) o:ll•ouita either wire or radio. • 

), lour-w1n mtehintt ot trmat o1rau:l.te lit all awitc1 .. 1.ng oen.ter1 

BO t.W:.t high grade 6 db l.oea cirauita 1187 be aatahU.abed oYel" long rliatanoe wh~:f red ad ao libat all c1rau.1ta _,. be interaormeoted r::.t w!ll on a 

TO c 118DOJ" bu18, I 

4, Da11ip of equip:itmt to be 8QCh tbat a ataadud teftdmU. b:pt>dance 

will be uae411 auab WI 600 mm.a, tbe noiae gman.ted :l.D. the eq\Jlineat will be 

les11 th8D 1' dbm, the .distortion ot tbe 1171ts le111 than one percent, t.he 

fr8Q.1J8DOJ' response llllbetautiall;r flat over the operating raap, rl:&Clio receivers 

capable of' ~Yel'ing an output of plu 10 4la anci rudio tnnamittera capubl.e 

of aooepting Bipa1a froa mlllu8 .30 fa O 4bm 1'11 th lull !&Odulat1m. 

'· .l tane llOUl"Oe &Dd tranmiaaion measurina equipment to be provided id. th ill radio aml wire trunk tend.mal equ1~t and at other points iD tb.e 

llJ'll'tan WILero tnll•i&aiQD lnel.a U'e important, 

6, zum1Mt,e dlroot CUl"1'811t men.war poaaibl.e and pe.rtiaulnrly on 

all oirauita tba.t require nitohiilg. 

7. Looa1 loope, botl'l wire and ftdio• be operated on a two-wire be.sis. 

In conneat:lon with tbe operntion at J;oaal radio loops, the fallo,.'1.Dt, requirements r.re 8Ui~ ...... ated1 

a, Operation to be full aupla: on a continuous or iDtermittmt 

'basie. !ntai'm:ltteat tull duplex aerd.oe ia defin.od u that type ot operation 

1D which t.be tranaidtter ia mder control of t.he nitab.baard operator, 

b. .&. aiD.cJ..e raDDte coa.trol unit be devU.opod. to aocon:.pliah tL.ia 

t,rJJe 01' aervioe with no cb::ange 1n the usual telephone opera.tin~ piroaedurea 

and without aubatantial. chanil9 in t.be awitchbolll"d. 

b. 1ol'lmoever practlaable aqui!mmt l:lhould be ae&i,bDed to 1£rVe bot.h 

:In tilltt t1xed mad tact:l.oal. plant, thua mmpli:l71Dr; 1'11Wlton.ence,, aupp'l.7, tT11.iD-

:1.nc and o.)ltl'atirag problca, 

B, Wire &d Qab],e1 1'he equipnmt which provides the tft:n'1'da111on aedlwn 

, between llld.tchboarda oi 11. ~'lire oanmmiaation Eii,f8tel1 conut1tuwa the l".ajor r.e4;ht 

8 
c 

• 

REF ID:A65609 

ud wlme ot lllCb a 1171tlm lllJd conwme11, 111 ita 1n1-tlallatioa. ud maiDtenaa•, 

a high peroentap ot the mm-haur11 :uae&BU7 tor the oftl'8ll open.tion of mat& 

a s.ratam. It :I.• iaper1&t1'ft1 tbereto:re, taat tbia. equipamt be ndiaaJ.l.r :IJlprcnad. !be foilcnrllfl o~eot1Te• llbcm1d be apt 1D m1Dd1 

1. Reduae tbe a1u ldlCl weipt. of t.ha•e tac1lit:l.e1 by •plo,r1q m 

ettlaimt conduator, inmlatillg Wld proteatift •teriala and qy •ploJJae'llt ot 

new des1p •tbod•. 

2. Bedace the wluae ot theae facili t:l.es required b.r improving 

••-.. OU'l'l'inl abili'tV :lD D0D.1unatS.m ll:l.tb new itema ot tranaaisaion equiP11&Dt. ftda resolves iteelf f'mldallantalJ.r iD"to incra.&ing the 1111&bl.e tnqun07 

paaa blmcl. It 1• dea1nble tbat the tao111t; be capable ot pa.aaing 'l'1deo or 

other telev1.fr1cm e\p•l a •• wall &Ii CCJDY811.tiom.l camunicat.ion frequ.eDcie11. 

J. Iapan tb8 dunbili- ot t.heae fac1llt1e11 inaotU' a& poi;sible TdthOllt mbatantial aaol'1ftae ol electrical .,:ro,Pertle1. 

c. L1De lqglqD!!ft. Tbe constmction lil1d ~t. ot wire 1:1.aas ia a 

devel.opunt t.leld where new methods waald be ot g1'811.t benefit :lD the overall 

~ wire comun:l.aa.Uon .,..tma. With :lmeJ."oftd metbada., the amount of •ire and 

cable raquirtd woald be ndu.aad 11114 tllt reliabilita' of ttle qat• inm'eued. 

Salle of tbe apparent requi.rmenta tor dnel.IJlDBllts in th111 catago17 toll.aw. 

1. Deri.ae methods for aiJ.acment 1111d con11tru.cttcm of wire lin•L wll 

ott traftlle4 roads. The method devieed BhaJ.l not 8lldl&qar caaa:.tmctioa perIODl181 1W' requirillg thma to work at aides ot :roads where mine fields U'8 of'ta 

preH11t. .Uao, 1t llhall not open nmr tnila or road• tbzough the uae of a 

large vehicle 1D the acmstmctioD von. 

2. Improve aecur:l:t.f ot •ire .11Des traa the etteate ot 91111neR'& 

conatnct:lon !fqUlpaeat, 'bambin&•, mall tire 11.lld Tebiclea. 

3. Increase the speed of pl.1Lct1t1ent um conastruction ot lllutu aonaiatent dth aeam'ifi' ud relle'bilitf". 

4. Reduce the a.lse Wld weight ot the equ1p1191lt requ:lrad, part1cmlar]3 reelu, reel 11D1ts, plows, eta • . 

5. !U•iu:te open-wire l111t111 11.s a tramaniaaion •d1ua, thu redua:l.Dg 

the UIOllllt uKI bilk of ).1De C~b't.l'llOtiOll 8G(Uipnent. 

6. Provide taul1, l-ocation equipment which ~ifta 11peedl' prec11e 

locations ot trouble on the .LiJle, both wb• lo01Lted 1.D the field or at a 

central otttae. ~ 

D. TrrmraaioD Jm1pmep.t. fh111 tf'pe ot equipmnt n.i.•ftrat ater.bi.nq 

used in llilitar.r acwmn1aaticms clur1Dg the war .just aided. It 1M •pp&l"9Dt that 

ita use 11111 be sreatl.7 ~ :lD the tutun beaaue it :rt>dDaa& the aaant ot 

a11taide plant eqali:ment. required, imprave1io the pertol'll&Dae of the "O'BIDi•t.ion 

fJJ'&tall L1Mi faall1tates lntapw.tion of wire lllld radio SJ'Btmr.. Some ~ta 

tor equipamt in th111 cat.e1017 now apparent follow. 

9 
.,.. 

. " 

·REF ID:A65609 

1. Redaation in size and weight ot equipment to p~it man-pa~ 

through •ploJment ot new materiELls Biid techniques. !hi.a will make po1;sible 

the atenaion Ot tbe use ot this equipnent to lower echelons. · · 

.2. Jmpicvment ot the unit principle to increaae ~ tlex1bil11'4" of 

t.be eqmpaent few ue 111 both radio Uld wire applications. 

3. Inorease ·the . .-eaaaae caft1i.nl abiliq of 111re tacllitiea bJ 

the dnelo'98Dt of carrier telephone.equi~t capable ot placing &DJ'. nmber up to 200 voice chamLels on a 'single fcmr...wire tac111 tJ' •· 

4. Improve the qual:l.tf' of the "V0104t channel b,v' widening the ti:equenq band, thus pemitting the operation ot a. greater llWllber of 11*& 1D tandem aa · vel). as prodding 'high qualitw' ciraμit11 tor special· applicat101Ls. 

5. Provide voice-trequenq carrier telegraph equipuent usable on 

arrr carrier telephone chamlel ud capable of'· at least 100 l:otds i:>er minute 

speed on each telegraph channel. . · 

. . . 

6. Provide equipment tor placing v1.d99 or other t.elevision .signals 

on the conmaaication. &JPtaa. 

7. Investigate the po:.sibilitJ ot utilizing aim!)litied carrier 

equipment on local- or collillland post telephone qe;tems. · . . 

E. telephoiw Faquiment. Bequir.&1>ta appuent at the close ot the war 

tor this type ot equipaant follow.. · · 

. l. A: redui1tioia ;l.n the number ot 14fp8e ot n1.tchboard1:1 1'1' developing 

one Universal mE.ipeto-camon bt.Ltter;r nltiple Uitchbol&l'd· capable of extension . to a eapacifl' ot at least iooo· lines nth·aa 1WJ!¥ poaitions a& required by 

traf'f'ic cs~siderations. 

. 2. .An all magneto DW.tiple bo&rd ot ·approximatel,1 40 line oapacitr 

is required at Division. !bis board a;hOuld be capable ot being nml tipled tor approxillate~ 120 line capaci 'ti' .. . . 

. 3. The developnent of the ligbtve:lght field Sritahboard OB-~ 

should be continued to meet the requirements for a light tield nitahbo&rd. 

4.. Camponents empl.OJ'ed in the switch~rds should be standardized 

in design so aa to siiapl:S,ty ~nten1Ance and w.ppq procedures. 

'· In f!IV8'q case, min.inlum..size and weight should be achieved in 

both the ~verall equipment and the components •pl07ed. 

. P. Telegraph .Eauipmeiat. One of the important advar.ces in mill tar,r ·ccammications tn·tbis war was the great]¥ increased.u11e ot the teletypewriter. 

As e. ·consequence, the use or manUal telegraph3' in the wire qstem practicallT 

disappeared. With the development ud •.P~Dt of voice-trequeac,y carrier 

10 
. REF ·rn :A65609 

. . 

telegrapb eqld.pient, the use.ot d-o telegraph transmission was confined in 

greater part to short loops. Proll theae trends, tba following raquiranente 

for equipment, 1n thi• cataeoZ'I' were apparent at the close ot the war.a · 

1. Developaerit of.' telet¥pewr1 ter for mili tarr uae With greatlT recluced size ad weight and improvement in rugednetis. Development of auah a 

teleti,Y"pewriter will extencl the u&e of this eqllipment to -the_J.owr·echelons. 

2·. Dnelopnent o£ equipaent' f'Or extendi;ig voice-treqwmcy telegraph 

operation thraagbcmt tbe telegraph VS'liem including the local loops. Developaent of such equipaent pl'OYides advamttLgea .ta simplified S11itchir>g met.bods 

and trlLllaisaion tecbDiques. 

'· Drlelollll•t. ot an ultra-ligbt.•eilht teletypnriter po1:1sibq ot 

tbe tape 'VP• tor uae 1D the Qtreme forward areas •1th optional manual or elec~ioal power drift. 

YI. RRJIREP RESEARCH .tiMD Dli'i&OPllDf. 

A. Proposed Cgm1Unieat1on sfstem· In order to more 1'Ulq illustrate 

the neceaa1't7 for and use ot the various qpes ot equipment which are qgeated tor dnelopnent, a qstmn for their •ployment. is W.Ustrated in 

Figure l attached, and described below. The center of the system is the 

System Control Board which is essentialq a i"Olll"-wire and four-wire - t.wowire patching board. All truiak circuiU., wire and radio, waal.d tem1nate 

1n this board on a· voice-traqueney fO\U'loowire basis.· ·At the· board th8J mq 

be extended to the local telephone or telegraph switchboard on a two-wire I . • . basis b,r means of a tour-wire te:nainating ·set or be patched through to 

mother trunk an a tour-wire ba.ais. The w.rims voice-trequanq trunks 

·eminating tram the control board pas• to curl.er equipment for tranmusion 

over wire lines or -radio. The wire tacllitf' would be ·spiral-t~ cable 

where oral¥ a few channels are required and t•in coaxial cable tor e.·greater. 

number of channels. Where coaxial cable is uaed it is also possible to 

tranaait television or other·video signals over the same facility with proper 

equipnent. !he optioDal use of video filter equipnent for this purpo&e is 

provided. It ia anticipated that there will_ be a great need tor rapid transmission of this tn>• of intomation in air warning srstema of the tutm'e. 

B7 proper operation of this s,ystem., it is possible to obtain a good 6 db 

loaa circuit. tram the Pentagon to L. foxhole ccmmend post in a far oft .theater 

it nece&8&1"J'. In other words, it seem::; to provide the necessar.r flexibility 

and ~it.J' which the best military comu:nications of the tuture will require. 

The individual COllJ:)Ollents, development of which 111 required are dis011ssed in 

the toll.cnriDg paragraphs. 

·s. Systm. control Board..; As indicated _above· this will be essentiall7 

a voice-treQuenCJ' patching board providing tau-wire or four-wire - two-wire 

switching with auxili8.17' equipment con.&oisiirg ot tour-wire terminating sets,, 

.vo1ce-trequenCJ' "ringing equipaent and 11eces&m'1 test equipment. Two tqpes 

ot boards are cmvisioned fl& tollows1 · · 

11 
REF.ID:A65609 

l. The llJ'•tem oontrol boa.rd for the larger installations, probabq 

echelons abow DJ.Ti.don inalwU.ng the fixed plant, wOllld be a tle:xible _p11.tching bo~ providing the necesaar,y awiiahing facilities qd awd.lla17 equipaent. 

The latter 1'0llld consist of tour-wire.terminating sets with a .. }JTbrid coil ancl 

other necessarr equipnent, ~ice-treqwmq ringing equipaent f'Qr insertion iD. 

those two-wire liDes requirizw it and a J>lillel or test equipnent, ir.oluding an 

oscillator and tranmiaaioli measuring equipment. It is ·eusential that the 

method of eatabl.1sh1.Dc·cozmecti~s be completel.J flexible ud r&pid end that 

the wi.re·chie.f :ln charge be familiar with cirmit condition and requirments 

at all times. ·This required fiexib1lit.y must be taken.into ·consideration in 

the ~•sip. · 

2. POT the lower echelon6', a &aaller version or this board it required consisting essentially of & jack panel iand patching facilities With 

the neceaafll'7 four-wire te:rminat,ing sets, voice-t.requency ringing equisaeDt, transmission. meaL'\lrirlg set and tault location •Cl1iipment .pretorabl8 iD sepan.te packages to tacUit.ate transportation. 

c. Trailsmission F.gu1JJ11l'9't• 

1. Carrier Telephone Eauiment. Essent1alq it is l'fJClUireci that 

carrier telephone equipment be developed which is capable ot obtaining &lfT 

number of channels from. 4 to·40 or.more for transmission over a. single fOUl'lwire f'acil1t¥ or mitable radio circuit. Tiro methods of achieving this 

objective, both of 11hich uhOul.d be inYes:tigated follow. 

a. te -Ste Grau Modulation u1 en Method. In tbis 

method., (Figure 2 , there ~d be a l:asic tour-channel unit with group 

modulation equipnent for integrating three of these units·to derive 11 or 

12 channels and .turtber gl'OU.p modW.at1on equipaent to ·integrate three or 

four of ·the latter to derive from 33 to 46 channels as desip 11.iaitations 

mq di.ctate. The. group modulation. tec1miq ue mq be carried out further to 

derin a greater rnmber ot channels provided the tran•ission :medium is 

capable ot accmrmodating th•. At ~resent,· a minimum ot IJJ channels.is 

the goal. '11th this ·method, the three dU'ferent units of equipment &re a.-

pact.ad to·be·about the 881118 size. A description oi' the equipnent ~pment 

required l"ollows. · 

(1) l'our-Chanpel Curier Telephone Eauipment. This would 

sene a.s the basic unit ill the syotem.. It would sane 

to :modulate the 'Voice-frequency sipals to oover a buJd 

from 200 to 16000 CiJS •1th ~ to 3500 cpu · OOnd width 

per chmmel. lliniai.ture design techniques woald be 

· •pl07ed as tar as possible and pt.:.ckoge weight· would be 

kept to 40 pOunds or.less. lilit&.ry clu.i.re:.cteristics tor 

Telephone 'Teninal .AN/TCC-3 recently· subnitted appear · aatiatacto17 for this item. 

(2) G1'0Up Modulator - ll" or 12 Chli.nnel. This equipment 

·WOllld serve to step-up the signals trom ~·be.sic 

f'our-channel units to occuw au.ccesaive band11 in the 

trequenq spectrum melting it possible to apply ll or 

12 
.... 

REF ID:A65609 

12 ohamlels to a single tour-wil'e or radio facilitf. 

tinUmll weight and sise would, of course, be the goal 

ill design inolud1ng o~s1de:ration ot 01"711tal tilters. 

(3) Qroup ;toffial•tqr - M A'epnel!r, 'l'his eq'Dipunt would 

step-up tDe aigaals !'ran three ot the modulator equipments preYiousl.Y described to ooouw auooesaiw channel.a 

in the frequency 1pectrum tor ai>}>lication to a tourwire or radio tacilitq. M1n1mum weight and sisa would, 

of couree, be the goal in design. 

b. ~pmel Qroup !adnl•f4.op EauiE!ll!At }.1et.hoci• In th1s 

method, (f1pN J;1lh9 basic unit would be t.he f.our-oha!inel md t deaoribed 

in subperagra.ph C-1&(1) above. for stepping-up t.he signals tram the ballio 

'QD1 t to the pro~ plaae :l.n the frequeDCJ' spectrum a. single tqpe ot modn> •tor 

would be developed with ftriable carrier oscillator and ne:oeasuy plut;-:lD 

tU• um.ta. 'fh.iB system ha.a t.he a.dun~ of pe1'111itt1Dg dropp:f.lig ot .fourohanl)el £l'OUP8 along the line with a m1n1_,, of equii;ment. However, tlle 

ayatan reqairQ close oontrol to pr8't'mt interference and will require oanaidenble adllliniatratioa. 

o, Vld!o filter !Quiment. '!here is everry indir•tion that the 

t.ranam1sB1on ol te.Leviaion and ot.4er 'Video signals to widely soattered plape• 

will be rm essenti-al requirement or· tho Anrt tactioal plan. For t.hia reuon, 

it is belined that equipient liW-ould be developed which will permit. transmission 

of these aignals and OQJlllDUl'lication lignal.s over lllli.tahle coainmioation trana1Disa1an. mediuma. fhe equlpmen.t would consist esaent1ally of' line termiQ&ting 

equipaent, modula+.1ng eqll1p1ent~ filters and broadband ampllfiers, 11' nocesearyo 

At f!rst glan.oe it appears that the most teasible metb.od would place tbe TJ.deo 

t.:ranamiaaion in me lower region of the frequency spectrum and the c01111nUD1cati011B 

•ignala above it. 

d. RepaUer FauiJlllFt• J'rcm preset conoiderationa, there an 

three tn>e• ot tbis equ11DCt required. All will be of' tile broadband, four-w:l.H 

t.Jpe. One will be required for each ot the four-chamle11 12-cbanilel., aud 44-

ohmmel qetema~ llaana tor dropping chamJela by bridging a carrier terminal 

unit at r&peatar pointa ahould be providado lilitary characteristioa tor th• 

four-cbazmel repeater have been reoentl.7 aubmittaci. To decreaBe attendance r&-

q1drecl an the 4C)-abaDnel SJ'Stem, it is expected that poer for operating repeaten 

will be transni\ted oa the llrie so tbat a power eouroe will oDl7 be required a.t 

even:y t.bird repoatero 

. eo !Q1ot=lreguepv Carrier f e~mm FQuiment• e:tz-cbannel voicetrequmcy carrier tel.egrapb. eqllipnent oa~e .of being applied to BD7 cbamlel 

ot the f.aur-abannel baaic carrier tele~ equipnont described above, or to , other voioe-i'reqwmoy tacili tiiea 1a required. Design should. be lllJi table tor 

100 "°1'da per minute teleg:rapi transmisaicmo IW.itar.f csharacteriatica reamtq 

aul:lmitted tor Telegraph Terminal .U/'rOC-4 a.re sat1stacto17 tor this developnent. 

In addition, it is believed that there is a 1'8qUirement £or ~uipaet similar 

to present Telegraph TermiDal. Til-1( )/'?C0-1 (speacb plus duplex). iii th the 

antj,,oipated develo.zent of voice-fl'equeDCJ" telogra.ph operation, there 1a a 

13 
REF ID:A65609 

/ 

posaibili ty _thilt ... very simple equi~ent could be made to u.cilieve this method o£ 

operation using the components of one channel o£ rcl.egraph Terminal AN/TCC-4 

when developed. With the wide trequeno1 band in the carrier telephone channel, 

consideration should be ·given to operating this equipment at tlle upper end of 

'the ··voice band. · 

. 2. foict!!'eguenw hepeater EauiPnen\. For this type 0£ equii:inent, 

investigation of· methods· or obtaining bidirectional transmi.ssion of' intelligenc'e w:i:tnout .use of the balance 'principle is required. Voice rela'y swi tohing 

·and ~se switching of amplifiers a.re possible paths to follow. 

3. ·voice-Frequepcx Ringing Eauipnent• A requirew.ent exiilts for 

the development of voice-frequency ringing.equipment for general use. One 

·universal unit c~pable of converting low frequency ringing.signals toe. 

suitable voice-frequency signal for '1$e. in the two-""A'ire ·portion of e:ny. telephone channel. '-s required. This unit.. will be used with· the System Control 

Boa.rd carrier telephone equipment When used separately, or any other voice 

oirouit. Some investigation and coordination is required to detonrd.ne the 

mo•t desirable t'requenc;y for ringin~ signta.ls in the voice bti.nd. · · 

4. Transmisdpn Measuring FAyipment.., this ty-~ of equip111ent is 

t .var, necessary for proper operation of the system. The Signal Corps baa 

negleoted operational test equipnent in the pa.st conaidoring that teating 

ns primarily an equipment repair problem. This is far f'rom .true since 

proper setting for ~perational controls is dependent on transmission loss 

of the circuit which is best deterr.:ined by meafSUl"ement on 1,1. trw1smission 

measuring set. .Fortunately present carrier ·telephone sets incorp(,rate such 

equipment. A single tone source and transmission measuring set is needed · in tl1e test. panel of the proposed System Control Board. A compact, portable 

version is requi1·ed for general. use. For (lircui t maintenance, the development o.r a continuously variable voice-frequency oscillator cind recording 

tranamis<;ion measuring set would be e. desirable addition. 

5. Research• The follo~·•ing generai research is desirable if 

advances are to be m3de in this type of equipment& 

a. Expanded use of electron tubes as basic .circuit elements. 

b. 1 New filter methods. 

a.· Investigation of new method• of modulation to determine if' 

they are better adapted to message security. 

D. Wire and Cable, Baaed on the. requiz·ernents of the system outlined 

above, three types· of facilities appear to be requiI·ed. Coaxial cable tor 

·i.~ band multi-channel and video transmission systems, spiral-tour cable 

tor four and 12. cha.nne1 carrier tele,phone transmission, and f'ield wire for 

voice-frequency transmission over l.OCal extensions. The discussion of the 

eG,uipment, required ror d.evelo-pment foll.owe. . I 

14 

, 
.. REF ID:A65609 

1. CoWal Cable. 'lo tna1mlt tlJe wide band cf f'Nql!enei•• eonte'!lpl.Ated in the 11J'9te111, a hin coasial cable or t111a llin~le cou:ial cable• rill btt 

reouind. It 11 1nticlpated that it Ifill be of the solid dielectrlo tJpe eonatrot"tion ri:th n1.tabl• cando.cto1"1 111.llUlat.!.cm, 8h:lel.4 end coTCrl:rL!• 1ttenua.t1cma 

at a'iout one •nd one-belt db pttr 1000 teet at one upqcl• t:ith • orble of 

oppros!.•tcl.J ·' inch 1• now ooalli~. 'ftlile "oulci glft a npater soacing of 

bet'W'Hl1 fiy~ od •l:a ll!Ue• ed with potter t.ran..Utted. ttrODl.lh th~ csble to 

adjaC"ent repetere, attendecl rep9&ter apaetng woul.4 be 1pp1"0rlmate.J,7 lS to 

20 mil••· Conatmt 1apesce cmmecton are a neosee1t7 tor joining two 

legthe ot lllCh cable. Considerable developnent :1• required on this itn. 

It. 1• anticlpa.ted thl!t aa'blea of this tn>e witb their SUller1o1" 11eeaage liem.Utng 

abllit.7 ~n4 illhennt ate.bllttJ will r8i)].ace ooen wire constr.ucticm in the 

Army of th• future. It •111 b6 nit.able: ro.,. both the- tlictical and fixed 

plltftt end capeble of aerlt.l. 11 eartace or subteT'rene1111 placeinellto r~1U tl!:rJ 

cN-raateriatic• recent~ aubnittltd for coaxlal ceble e.?pear to be ••tt.atactoJ"J"• 

2. Mrrl-tgp.r Ctble. MleN t!'ll!namleaian. ie eODfilutd to :!'recyunci•• 

in the lo.-er otc.rt o! the sooctruDI, !'leld l'a-tlee of ttie spi!"a~f'our tJ!>e •re 

more (!f!ic1ect :>Pr mdt or weifht than coui.al t.ype&a. frollt preent ccnslderatiOD.s, it appears the:t two t.Jpe1 of tbh facility MY be requlred. I 

a. '.l'he first t)'pe, llZl ultra llehheight cable 11oul.d be inten~ecl 

arbre.rl..l.y i"or u.1e- •1 thin the- di'de1on md wculd haw e. tnqu.enq pa.1• bm4 

11litr-llo ior tl'l!.nll411tt1ng !our-chann•l• of tr.e Cf'M'iftr tal"'!Jhon.~ syste::i. In 

thi• connection, it 11-ould replace field wi?"e ror 1lSe on th! trunk clrcndta 

in the: divi~lon. It "'ould ~robf>.bl.J' be 12m11t&geov.a ta cmpl07 loadinc eoll1 

with tlii!: feci.li't1 conaidering the rel•tiYeq low cut-off frequenc7 required. 

Thia r-ou.ld. be ?J"Ovided in tbe cmmector 11.•aocieted w1 th the ce'hle. 

b. The secoa.d tJ'pa 9 a Up.htweil!ht epirel-four cable, would be 

em~lOJed for trti.naiaa1an of 12 charm.el carrier telepbme 'Q'8tellle between 

Corpe •~l11 ti!:rinlon. Inaemich •• the cu.t-orr frequency 1£ ecmsid•rabl.J tdd>er t.tu~n 1n tJie prniou• cue, it te doubttal that efficient load.1.ng can be proTidetl. honftl", ccmneetoT'f for jo1Ding two length• of aable togetheJ" 1'111 l°'e 

required. 

3. li•l,f ~§· At the prertwlt at.a~• or the art., it a;i•>eere that 

a. ri.N of the 1D-l or D-U( )/ft tJr!'e wha. !'ullf' developed l'a" all the 

11ece1Hzy chc.raaterl.stics for UH in lCK"•l loo:pe end extended. fon u·d are& 

operettons cm fl 70lce-trequenq bade. Continuatton of the development or 

thflee two i;Jpel Of wire, it la bel18ftdt 1'111 ralfUl the tt.(1U\1'emmt8 for 

J,:rtq field nre. 

lu Eemret. ID 'fin of the l.art?8 wlw.e o! tht!S '1r.teri1Ll canwmed 

du:rinr, nr ti.'1191 lt 1s e&stntial tt-et £.-continuing &tudy 011 !neulating0 conducting end proteetift 'll&t..rlnla be Mede in order t.het BdYentage can be taken 

of euot. i.11 •roventerite :l.n the art. na &.l'8" mcde end in ol'Oer t.l' at tte J.r-v u7 

be fg~lis.r vi tr. ell 1bdlor vtertale frbi.oh r.IPJ' be propor.ed u poed..Ue 

IUblJti tutea. 
·• 

REF ID:A65609 

I. Telephone Fgulp!ept. 

1. UDh!r!41 S!it@bgarcl. M1i1 ta17 aharactmetlcs t.RTe recen.tl.7 

been approwd !'oJ" a. uniwnal, CO'Jl!ZIOft. ~ttH)', loct.l bttte17 ••lt.ohbo•.rd, pert. 

of .&!-l/'l'TC-1.. Thia bo~.rd -.. 111 haft • capab:lU.ty or ·~·prozimetel.7 1000 u.~·· 

find .-111 be oape,.ble Df exteneion to r.a lllaD.J" poaitima u the traffic requirea. 

It ia .u11ticipate4 thet. lt will be built wi.th bookcase tJPe construction •ltb 

a m1ni!IUl9 of 15 cord ·ctrcuita -at each operator'• poe1t.1on. !ach of the line 

circuit• trill be capable or be1ng •pl.oJed ae·el.ther a.common tetteey or local 

battery circuit nth 8111,,~e wiring chance. b a 'UDi.wrul ••itchbotrd, it 

will be capable ~f •cconmiod~ting all radio oireulta which &J'9 requi~d to be 

emplored iD the'integratea comanmicaticm• 1111tem. At pn~ent; plane.are 

be~f ma.de ror accomodatlng '90-calle4 full dupln radio clrcuita ope-rated 

on a cont!11uov.1 or.1Dt.ermittent bui&·•• cliacuased JJrnioaiq. Decia1on i• req~red. ... to .whether other tome or radio olrcu.it operation •111 be per- .· illitted. bl. the integ:re.ted. 17ete11 so that th.• d.eaip will include the proper 

prodsiona. !he· 3ack eppearan,cea at eaoh position will be eimlle.r. Th~ tn>e 

of constru~tion til:i.d clrcu!ts ·e:;nplo79cl will proT!.de e Terf .fle:xible· nl.tchboard 

whict. la eapeble of expension f'roa 6o to 1000 lines wl th a 111.nimam· at equf.:pment 

and inetall,,.tion effort. · : . . · ' · . · 

. 2. Memeto S!itcbtoam.· Inas1!1Uch as eomo.n ~ttery opere.t.ion 1• 

never used !!•t di vision. 1'.eadquarters, !!'!DJ'· G~uud f·orcea 'has !,]ropoaecl .. the · 

dnelop..11P.D.t. or a magneto ••itch~crd with ' capacity of 40 lines per position.· 

t<.nd capable or e11:pana1an to a. tbne poe1 tion mul. tipl.e board. •1th 120 lbuii · 

cape.cit,.. While it would be destre.'ble to empl07 the universal nitchboard ·· 

dttambed aboft, nan ·et D1'91.9ion bee.dquartera, it la felt the.t the llne· 

reln..,v• and other utre equ1p1181'1.t uaed 1.ra. thri.t 8'dtchboard unneeee:aril.J' 

compllcat..d the div1s1ca. bee.dquerten problem. Dlaauss:l.ob of pro-d.eion.i 

for. '1cconnodr1ti1lg re.dio oiretli.,t. ln the ·parattraph Jut abaft, apJ>l7 to 

this sw!tchboc:rd also. Nomccle.ture Tele'l)bone Centr11l Office· !et AN/TTC-S 

hRa been e.aEtgned to this itn and ni1.11tf.l"Y chrrr.cteriatica n.bmtted. by 

the J.rrv. Ground Ji"orces. · · · 

3. Field Syitchbo!rd• &witchboard ·es-22/PT nq~ under d~opment · is m el,gbt-llno patch C!>rd type or boa.rd wh1cli is capable of 1tackin!!: in . 

·such· r:. !3Pnr.er tbet four of tt~eae board.1 "!DQ be- operated togetti.er without 

undue effort givtri,g B. totE.l ca\)•c:tty of 32. lines. It 115 belinK that aompletton of this d~opmer.t will eolTe the l1~t1'eigbt. field awl tchboard 

pJ:"Obl" at tte ;;iresent tiwile. · I 

4. pil'l Telephope Sxatn. The-re baa been conalder~ble d~ansaion." 

of. tt._a possiblli tie• of 1'.ppl,.vini.-tho dial telephone prinoiple to A1'1ff1 comnnmlcatlon syeteme. The u.se or dial nitchf.llg equipment at' Corps· and higher 

echelons oen 1:1atertallj 1red.uce the operL".tor load "Witb e corree!l()lldillg ~ 

duct1on ill oper.iting personnel requl:red on tlteee ·nitchbollrd11. It ia ~erallJ' 

ccmaeded thttt dial ftitchiag •Clulp~ent aa at preeer:t d~sJ.gned, is not suite.ble 

for tl.cttei;l use, due prlncipell.J to its 1'eigr.t _sncl structurGl. deaip. P.owEmtr, it ·11 tbe opllllon or· tlre2e Laboratorle• tlt11.t. a c~ful •tu.tr could. 

Nault. ln the deS1gl' of die.l BWitchifl.f equipmer:t· of ilu.ch. Weight end 'UD.lt 

construction ae to be •daptable to tacticel u.ae. 

16 
REF ID:A65609 

a. In order to ai'llipllfJ' dill. equipMnt for field use, it ie 

'§>TOpOHd. tl'i!.t e.ll local c&l.11 iii a Corp•, Artr¥ or .l.f'f!r1 Group Centr11l be coapleted br stl.tion d1&11Dg. ~ •ovariding war feetura• Yill bei an.U.abl• to 

the nitchboa.rd operator t:to ttoet prlor1t7 I ••:nice rill resnairi available to 

authorised p~50mlel. C•lla to outside n1tchboaJ"da Ylll be e01SPlete4 by 

.IUJ!Wll oper11t1on" u.dng Telephone Centrnl Office Set. l.l/'f'tC-4,,, l c!itil OD 

the 'te:rehelr or this bot.~ 1dll prcni.de • trunk db1ing r .. ture. 

b. In order to detemi...,.e the utent to which a dial, qatell 

'Tley l"-e efficimtl,y emp107ed 1n the 1nq cOJU!GD! cation 11711tu, • c!i•l i79tem 

e1pec1.l.ll.7 designed. for 110bile !leld ue Oft.I" tactical coaaication cireuite 

lhould be j:roV14". for i'1el4 trl.ala. !101H11clatu'N Telephone Central orfioe 

Set AN/TTc-6 ha• beCJ ••eiened tor a trial en tohboe.rd 11nd muggested nlili ta17 

ehcracteriatica prepared.. ' 

5. BtJ!Ote Coptrol ltuipme'll\. 'ftlere t.e a requirement for uniYernl. 

reMOte control equipent !"or operation ot alu!lle ohannel rrdio tr11naeive:r1 

fro!:'! e. two-wire line where the rs.d1o oircutt la operated OD a tuJl. du.pl&.: 

or equlwlent fou..--.dre ba91B end th• OperPtion or the, radio trennltter 

ta 1mder -the control o:C the nitobboard open.tor. ho propoula for equip11imt to .t:chie"N thtl method. or opentian haw been tlnn prelialnt.ry teat 

11u! e •peer fe•a.ible. ~th ~poeal.8 pen1t normal nit.ch.board operation 

i..n~ ~re little or no additional. a;)p11retu1 at tte mtcl'boerd.. 

6. 'l'ele?hme C'k ~on Set. ~au. te:.r.v cbancter1st1ca; tiave beeri 

.!!~pTOYed for Teleohonc 'l'A~:f P'i llltil'!h is 11 uniwreal telephone set !or 

FtU.chr11ent to ei't'J"ier locr1 ttl" <"OlllllOll be.twrr llnea to ""9pla.ee TelephonP 

FE-8-( ) • \'11111• extre;u1t light. weight appet.ra to be the ~'llpOrt:.nt conelden. 

o.m in dtrnlepmm't of this telephcm.e, • uamber 01' conf'l.i.et1n8 additionf.1 

!'ecuiroment.a he.w been add.ad to complleate the ~eaten. It is felt the.t 

BO"Jl9 of these 1'ff,UireTenta ere of use in onl.J a T8l"1 s111ell iJercer..teee of' 

the eiJsea [Ind "llight be elirninf'tfld wi tt.out detraatille from the u.Nflllnese 

o"!' tl-e telephone eet. IIUl8D1Uah oe t!•e handHt 1• the moat importort teature 

of tt>o telephoa.e, the report of ~e appropriate committee conaiderlng the 

1 te-i rlll be o.r 'ftlue in anticipating tl"e ulti111&.te deaign.. 

l. Telegnmb. fguipmept,. 'l'he dnelopment ot equipment for tJ'ie i11prcmu! 

telern.iph 17stel'.l ot tne ru.ture folJ.oy;a two genenl trends, i111"1"Qft:'lent of 

tJ"e- teletfμnrl ter for J:r:q use e.nd axtmir.ion or t.rausmiB&ion on a YOice-

~ey ha.•l• th:!'Oltgbout ttie- ayetem, including tile loce.l loop•. A description of the required equipment deftlopment to aohieft tllis obj~ctlft 

follmra. 

1. e,se T1P! Telttxpmiter• Defflopmeat of a pe.ge t,-pe tialetypewriter a-::iectal.l.T dealp.ed for Jr.q use ta now being conducted. Iloaen.olature Telet)'~nrtter 'l"l'-4/TG, pli.J"t of TeletJpewri ter Se\ .&B/PGC-1, lw• been aeaign.ed., 

la •iertiOJLed preri.oul,-11 1t la upected that tlie '11'9ight of ttie \DJ.it "111 be 

only 2~ of tl'>e i>J'9•11rlt ati:rde.rd. 1'el.et,pewr1ter !0-7-( )·. Improwment lll 

veho.nicsl reliab1llt7 ud ftlltt.ers:iroortng techniq•• will alao be tu.tuna 

17 
REF ID:A65609 

0 : tr1• -:i,.c·o111e.. Tbe equip'ICUt wtll he atlc to oygr"te d;rectlr 011 r1e7d 

11ae1 'l"l t2'1out tl-e u11e of a U.n1. nile.y or Hpr. rste 11ne i;n .. t. lnssMUcli .,.~ ... develop.!1e.r1t. of this oa.ci' i:ne watt inl tla.ted an HI exo6dt ted bal11 before t. e 

end of tJ'!e Prclfic t'&r, ~u the aeatre.ble fer't°'. r•• '"~ cl'ere.cte?'l11t.~e1 rtll 

Pot be tn<:or;-or ... te.d ltJ tJ-e 1'1ret "lodele Md !'Urther 1:t-:>t'OV8'tlftlt choul.c! tie 

!>'!!'2'"li tted on it lqng trN bteie. 

2. '1'~?6! 'ttpe 'l!l•txonritgr. I tepr t..utypettriter 1 a inherently li!'l~ter in ''"'lt+:-t ttan the pt.ge ty:>e machine 1"1 tr t!'ie a ••• ~-;e ··eul c"nttn.t!t.ion 

rd.nae tl' e bul.lt1 cl'lrri.e.ge1 pa:Pf"r holder and }"a:;>e.r feed -n~char.ifi:l r.re not neceGa&l'J. 

Dnelop"tE-nt o~ &n ~tr••liehtl'l'elr,ht !llScl'.ine of tl"i• s ty_pe f(:r lift !.~ extreiN 

fonr:rd e.ru.e to ft;,"1..,lel!lent or re;>hce tl e tel~phcme 1i:ad 1'.oret- code telegrapb7 

is requ.tred. .Ae "lisuBllHcJ, tJds Wllt •C'Uld be arriin~ fllr Oi>eretia11. eltnar 

tr1 T.enutl.l.,v- e.c·"Plied ;ow&r or ~ a. low curre~t 61-aiD ~lactric notor ~t "t1:i.e option 

o:t the user. It \rould ..i.eo be capable or ope!'ed.an on a po1nt-tc-pof.n.t bs.da 

l?nd 11nuld int•ro-pflr&ite ~~ti- pege tJpe telet1pewritEre nmt bl u&!' uu! t.nder 

OeftlopnlEnt, 

3. Ua1vtrul !oice-Fncrupgy Teltqeirh Trrn15£!iff~O!) Unit. In 

order to -extend t1' r r: dftntagee Qf TOice-frequenq trenAillB'l on oi' telt!trfpb 

eip;1uhe tb1"att~out the r.y9te-'1, it 111 l'TO;>Ol:!'d to dewlop • uri.it wt.t.cl'- ie 

C.fl..p•ble o.f 0'9eret1ri~ en e. half d\l'Dle:z beai• on telephone- Un•• h•.rtng 

loiese• nrytn, fro;n 0 tQ '3 db "1.thout adjuetment. Deftlopr.aent of &11Jch 

equipment dU eli:ain•.te t.ht" nece&si;ty for •epr.nte telefn.t"1h 8T'itehbot.t"Cle1 

"'epeaters, HrC! othe-r ar.i tchi.nl! 11.r..d tnn8MiiBion e.vpl'.nl.tue. ?l1o genenl 

l\ppllc1:tione !re v18Wil.1.Hd ca tollowea 

~. Cgmbi1'1.et1m Telephcme-1.'eletn,eIDt.er f trtion Se\. '?13• 

stat~on •~t connected to the tele:s>bone 8Witcr.boarc3 \'OUld be Clipoble of 

o'3ontion f'itter u a telephone or tele~ter E>t tl c option of th• u•er. 

PJ.t.ce""ert en4 rece1 ... tion of calls .,Mild be by u•e of tt-e telephone. 'fti• 

t.el.typewri tar could te oU.ced cm tt~ line Then oelliTPc! by O.r)en tiao of c:. 

siraple niter e-nd wroulC! trens">it mid reee1ve t.t-roudl tha 1'oiae-£reqvmey U1Jit 

d•ecrlbcd alio'Ye. A11tematic t'eatorr.t1cm to the teleahcne position *en the 

£.t,..tion eet ie ta the et.9rid-bJ condition. vould be E !.wtJ.re. 'ft.i.c- equlp~t 

is orutote-d to l'IA'ft eonsidere.ble "'Pl'l1C!91tion for u~e ~ str.ff of ricers wt:ere 

aecur1t) r-nd aecuraey or cor.mamico.Uon frai• eution to atation ls i"ll"J.>Orttnt. 

b. 'l'elttxPr·ritor Ste:liipp. J,init. i!be?VJ ti'•e voice-tJ""eauency 

uri.lt ie !'ll\rt of a teletJpnrit.er eti.tion ret cormectf-d to e wlety::Jnriter 

ce¥1trfl o!'fice ~M l'Mt&ne o:f el~&llin; tho opel'1. tor -r.n:et. t'9 p't'ovictrtt. 

Since 1t is O.::J9Ct.ed tr-~t tt.e t.ele~:t"ltl!,.. etritctbo··:rd. v.ill be ope~ted 

si~ilf...r to en ell ~~gneto tel•1)hone mri.tct.boa1d, :lt ie. eJl."JOCted tr&t 20 

a,.cle rlng!.ni:; ~ere tor& will be llBed o.t tto Gt1 ti<m eet !'or ~ t'1'Tll•Uini 

~J.JOE"ea. Cca21ider2ble up11ri;r1t=n\ will 1-e reqn1r8" to detl!'r:.!li.n~ trtt- be&'\ 

mev od of eol!·RU11cc.tin¢ wi.tr the ou.rt-tor &nd p4c1ng cal.le. 
REF ID:A65609 

.. 4. falet;;ppevlter S!ritgl:lbolJ.Fd.. l'i.tn "t.1e wide •~ram ueie ot vo1raf'ret1ueno;v telefCl"IL?l trl1Da&isaioa, it iu expected tua.t sepc.rate deve.).opllEDt 

ot tel.egraptl .aw1taa.boarda wU1 not be :required since tolr,jione nitahborzda 

Will be adequate tor tlie pgrpoee. l'he lliBGlleta switcb.bo&l'd of re.Lepbone Cen.-

tnl Ottioe bet JB/?fC-5 mould provide all neceslhU'J ta.clli ti•. !be 

operator•• telaty..,ewriter set 1fOUld be similar to the station teleliJPewritoZ' 

&et. cliaGW1eal ill subparagraph .3 Jut above, and woulc be oonneotad 1n plaofl 

ot the operator•a telephcme sat. Signalling OY81" loaal laopa would be by' 

11181m8 of a Z0 C70le ring:l..nK generator but the mothod ot a:lgnallJ.q OTer 

trunks will require aoae apar1mcmtat1an t.o de..._....ine. lt :I.a apected t.tw.t 

l:levelo,t1:1ent ot equipment ot tr.is t7pe 'llil.1 gl"BILIA.q :llrprove the eaae, tlaib:l.li tJ' _, and accuracy of taletJ'pe oporation RDd "COD81dera.bl¥ :reduce ~e mra°'>• 

ot equlpnente required in wire aammdaaticma. 

5. InyesW.at;t.pn apd f.1l"rah• For aontinuing taprovment of th4' 

telegrapb Q'8t., it is oona:l.derecl uecea11&17 t.h&t; t.l.r.e toll.ow ng investiptions 

be par11ued on a lone tom baaiaa 

a. Iuvutigati.on of t.be telautops.pb principle to determine 

its applioation1 ,1t arq, in the Arlf1¥ camnmlaationa BJ'&tan. lres•t talautoJl"aph &!>PILftl.tua is o-al&ftted on a d.-c basis and ia he&"f71 aumbersome, andi 

not too acourate. !nare 111 aame ax~atation that u.tenaioll ol tnis 1:xrino11ll.e 

to o.lel"ation on a vc.>ice-treqU8!l07 basis would prov.I.de lighter wight.,. more 

reliable equipmeat tm· 'lirrmlmiasion ot W1'ittan 11.eseaps. 

b. Determination of optimml kqboard H.Z'l'8Jl{(emeat tor the teletype.ritL-r. there has been aonsid.era.ble contention tht..t the present Bl'l'flrll8-

ment. or the latt.era on tb.e tel.et&r.,nT1 tQr keyboard are not the nout ideal for 

t11.&t 0901"at.ioa. It la suggest.ad that the Army pcu-t1cipe1.te with industry and 

at.her Govern111mt de"..-,rtlaients iD Jetarmining a. nit.able ltep .. 3.l'd ...n"E".nf(8Dl8Dt. 

o. In•eatip.tion o£ lubricants and inks eu.plaJ'ed in te.Let.ypewriters wttb the aim ot providing improved b81"9ioe over atendcJd clil8at:lc 

ooa.cii t;Lou. 

d. Investigation tor improvement ot teletypewriter paper And 

~\..,m" nendling dnio••· 

•· Determination ot an opt:llmml trauuiaaion speed. ~ile the 

aorr."1 tn&n11111isaion 11peed ut preaent :l:.1 6o words per minute, it is enUreq 

tuasible to mu.ter.Lu.lq- incrawte this rate. 'f.iiere hCl.8 been conaiderable 

oporatioa on aammeroial fH.aUities a.t 75 wmda per minute and 100 words par mnute, al~ the latter is still mat:q in an experimental. stage, iltu.ough 

!nol-eased speed 1a proba.bq do111rabJ.e 1 it t10\ll.d appear impractical to increu.ae 

it b8JODC1 o. certain lbd.t. fact.mis po:rtaining to thia llmit l.rttl 

(l) Incr9ued a.ipt&l.l.ing speed. reduces tile range and 

mc.rg:ln or line ana. station equipment. 

(2) Increaaad. aiczu·1un1 frequanq require• broad.er band 

wldtiiia and 00111111qumtl.7 reduaes t.ae number ot chumal• 

awdl.!.ble 1D llft1' gl.Y8D band width. 

19 
• 

REF ID:A65609 

(J) At speed.a above the normol operator t,;d.Dc ra-:.te, ., ,r.,,.. 

portionate incre1i.se 1n pc-.ll"1:1':mnel and cqu1911cmt .1 &1r11.11J-ed 

to preJl.l.l'w trattic tor automatic tr6.ft.Slllioo1on 1n o~'Uel· to 

eft"bot most 11:::tticimt cirouit utilimtion. 

(4) f.e.Liabili ty and i:aintem.noe l"eCt,llire.Qlta for meolumical 

equip:umt ure atteoted e.d:veraely at inoreased speeds. 

G. Lipe w1uir.J1!Dt. In to.is aH.tegor.v, radioall.r nc;; equipnmt ~.mi technir.ucs ere 1-oquirfJd, )1itb tile -r<.t im.pl·ovemmt in o&ble 11!8118ai.• a1&11dl.1ng 

.ibili-ty tin~ t:..o uec of new tranElllliasion equipnent, it is upected tr.u.t 

t.it.re .. "111 IJa 11 ttle .Jr no i)lr ... ce in the Ar8'?' oommunioa t!an &TS tom tor open-

•ire line construction ~-• n lmo. it tadlq. Less than 1/2 t.he weight. ot 

equiJ:llil"'Dt 11.nd conaioerably less eftart will be required to i1111tall cable ot e~uivti.lmt meaaqe bandling abilitJ'. Discussion or line aonatruotion nq,uipment ia divided into two phases, eQuip!lent required tor the tactical • .r--!I. and 

tb.... t required tor tbe llODS ot coDaUD.1.aationa or otDor stable area.a. 

l. raot1gal Line Con.stnJ.ctioa Eguiwpt. It is expected tbat the 

SJJe8d amd. BDOUl"i ty' c.a.1 .ncied in the COD.Struotian of -:,ire lines in tactical fl1'8U.B 

will. i>e suah t.h1:..t no possible construction technique 8l"&ould be alloved to ' 

rm:.ain unexplored. E.quipnent development und illvestigationa required follow. 

a. HiBh SWed Colla. l>evelopaent ot tnia met.loci or paokaging 

wire and cr:..blu snould be extended to cover all types used in the t.ti.ctical 

plwnt. lmprovanent of the 1uethoda and macn.1.Dery used Sl!Jula. be lllKda DJ that 

111re .,\lld e...ble 1lllJ:1' be ~ out at speeds up to 200 miles por hour. 

b. Pol.!•• .Levalo1Jll8Dt ab.ould be cond.uctr..d to produce r..U 

light'livei.;tt polea to conserve ahippin0 apu.ca aml recluca total weibht of line "' 

C0!1tttruction equi·111ent. ~tal poles Rr9 indicated. lhe follo~"1118 gen,pral 

t.oea are IJ'Ur.to"!Bted1 

(l.) Round sectional ..;ioles similar to pipe sections. 

(2) l.!perad sectional polea. 

(3) Tripad auppo1 ted structures Which kl"e BUi table tor ph.aen.ant tram a helico.,>tor 01· otbt4' urpluno wi ti.out the 

neceaai Q' tor dieging pole holes. 

c. io.Lo kecti,gn. Truck lt-44 po1e hole d1ggin1 equiJl!imt is 

unbu.tief'"l.Otol"J' in H.Ll 1es!:>ects. A C.Jmpl&teq new_and much cora ruMr"OCl veticulur 

..;>olo .aole d1C1.;in.. u,ui.izent, deai.,:ned b.l"ound a stwldu.rd Ordnance or Corps ot 

1.1: ineer• s c.'Ul.&1:111:1 is required. Portable t.ole difZin.: equ1pnent is re:;,uired. 

~'u.rthcr inTeatlgation or explosive mati&Oda of pruduoing suitable pole "'oles is 

BUP"gestad. Jitr.. tue WIEI ot amaller diameter polos, it is quite ?')SE»iblo tlu.t 

s:iJ:lpler methods auclL t.i.b t..o uso or 11. band .ugel' or mllt>t and spike r::ay be 

GUl'i.iciont in r..oat ins'blmcea, 

20 
REF ID:A65609 

d. .Air llot.a.tion ot ·•ire It1 "91. It t.t10 we11$ t of t.El1t YJire and 

ou.bla Olm. be muds 11Uft1c1ent]¥ light iilbilo rotainint-. ita longitudirml strength, 

aonaidonbl,J' longer apana can be tolerated. 1hia would be particularly adw.nt.-

aceoua tor traveraing d1tticult and inacoesaible azreaa where poles can not be 

ree.d:ll,y ereatecl. Investigation of empl.cvmeut of lllil&ll kite baJ.locms trom wt&ich 

tnc cable or wire 11 aupended u a ID8HllB tor obtaining increJLaed air flotc.tion 

111 sur;gested. 

' 

a. Jahlolea and P1ane•· Inasmuch aa the erection of cournmica-

'Mon lines 1o a civil angineeri;ng oonatruction problon sildJ.u to t.bosfil encountered by the Corps of l:.ngincers, it is considered that special purpose vo11!clea 

are justU"iPd.. tor this wm:"k.. Some of tr&e "Vehicles and pllllles m1cL Bl ould be 

considered follow. 

(1) l llne conutructi<>n truck equippod w1 th •.n at.rnsible 

s1cle ,1.fit:f'orm am derrick so taut poles u.:y be ern9ted 

and et4uipmant 11oved ott th..;) side ot tl.e ro. d wit.Lout the 

nccesai ty !"or the p, ... ruonnel cominll- in con tact with the 

ground und ancountorint mine fJ elds sl.ould be developed. 

(~) ftle heiioopter bas considerable potentiality for line 

construction use. It can be used u.es &.uxili1U7 to the 

line construction and supply truck for :pl:-..cing a line 

well oft tho rocd, re::soving 1 t from denger OJ.' d.u:.age 

by frian~ vehiclos. It is visua.lized. that ,t>Olas ban 

be •et ana cab.lea placed by t.tio use of' tl is 1'!1.1.chine. 

:tr a h.iicopter ot suf'tioient aapaci ty iH uvuilable, 

it is po&aihle that it could be used to C8ZT7 the 

eculipment &.na. carry on the conutruction •40rlc with )Ut 

the necesai tJ' tor t"raqumt trips to the supply truck. 

(3) It is believed tbat in llllllJ3" ca.sea sub-surt'ace construction DKil' be i"oo.aible and desirable even o.s tar 

f'Ol"H1"d as d1Tlsion cODl"J:UMi peats. Thia 111 particularl.J' 

true wuen the si tw:..tion is such that t'oll1J 1inr hichor 

echelons will in turn take aver .'!14 .. supplar.•mt the 

old.sting ooll!ilml.ica.tton axle. .For this "PUl'pose, it is 

required tbat a Bll!all pJ.o,, caoable of plow.ing-in two 

lip,htw91gbt s-i>tral.-tour oabl.ea l>"' develoi"ed fO'J: use in 

conjunction m. tb. tlle n\leaaal • or aimile.r tro.ck,,d vehicle. 

b. Layin;- or 1ire un tile surf'ace or t.he ground. troe. planes nas ~eady been EIUCCe;J~ 0.CCOl.'1.:,liiahed. J!'urtnAr flO(' •"'rimtnt&.tion •.1.lon;c t...tliB 

line sh.CJUJ.d. be darricd out. Some aonsiderat.ion mi~t be givm tc. the uoe of 

the rocket .t?J"inciple .rm· J.ccom,iishiD..:, t:.lis mission. 

2. Conutrugtiop tor btable Ana.•· It is believed tuE.t J.in<: oons truction in this 1et!on will OF.i :1ostl.r subterranean, since t.. is a .,,c.t.rs to 

be th.e ost. aecure oi tbc YurJ.ous construction motn.Jds. In i!Cneral., COJ..:<ial 

ca.ble will be w ~oycd and a uu1 t.Mblo veniole :tor placing tt.iL cable id i uqu1red. Since t.&~11 tJ'pe or construction is &. ma.1or civil cnt:inocrin, problem., 

21 
... 

~F ID:A65609 

::l.t iu ttca:ln aonoineired t.bat 11pecial purpose vehicles tsimiL"U' to tbo&et used 

by tho CorpD ot lAt.;1neor• 11111 be 1"equ1red. l'be p:.ow cud prime u:over i.lOUld 

be one UDit equ1P:icd wit.h treads for traver111ne Hll types ot terrain. .l'be 

vei icle ahauld be capablo of b1J!'1ing two cable• simW.tancouaq to depti.11 ot 

at. lealit. .3Q inctlos vben opera.tin.ts, at speeds up to 15 miles per hour. In 

pJ.t..ces 11; nil oe required. tluit aerial ooutruat1cm be resorted to. Extension 

ot t.he aorial constiuction teotmiquea diacusaed Jut abon to cover tb111 field 

llhould 1aoet requirements. 

3. fault LpgaM,on EgμiiptDt. r.it.h t.he g:rea.tly incra..1e uae of 

aablea, eapoaiallJ' coaxial cables, and tbe hiibm' treG,uP?LC::l.es ~ in 

tn.asnd.s1:1ion, it; is pt'.rtioula.rq important that improved fault location 

equipment be proYidod tor use at 11. teut baarcl 1n the central oti:l.ca and by 

tba liDanan in tnu field. Development ol" t.he tollo.'d.11,~ ty',l)o& ot tKiu:l.iaent 

11:1 reqtll.l edl r 

a. PW.• Ilet.1.gqtism. ltu1l11l911t. '4u1,pu.ent employing this 

method trbn111~ts hip UflK1ueney pul11a11 .,.:I.ch are reflected back along t.he 

lino wnm imped..'Ul.ce lrre~britles are enaountm:bd. hewlings .:.re obtfLined. 

an ea. caU10..10 rf-3 tube. lhis iu eaamtlall¥ a .&dar te01mique ayplled to 

wire l:lneu. It 111 ca.rab.1.~ o.l uctE'ctintJ i'aults &nd potentiul ltwlta wtiiah 

&.re not found by tJD7 other 111Etilad. lihile same cieYelo1ment of tb11=r ty'De ot 

equi.zaent VIII.I w..de durin{j "orld War II, f'urt.ner d8Yaloi:neat ia required 

aince tt.o need wU1 be r 01 ca G.CUte in .t'u?im·e cunmm1oat1on rga~a. It ia 

viawll.:zeci t&lat t.&1111 0-1,uiiaent will oe the 11ttin cor.iponnn t; of 11 . .11.rc abief'' a 

test board u11ed t.t i::rvaey tty.;taa C..;ntrol Center. Davolo}:Bont ot a aiJ:::l.l.t~ 

type c.qui.11nent oi' conuld£.-rtt.bl¥ BDIAller Ilise for uae °b'J tbe linemen in 

loc&l.izinc. troubJ.o ib &1110 requ!nd. 

b. tone rest Seta. fb.a use ot sub-audio tone teat aeta and 

electrostatic and a.r.Lf.118t1o pick-up devices tor locu.tion ot taulta on cabl811 

is now Ubed to aaaie extent in the com:;eroial. ;lllmt. It 11ill· be neceasa17 

to uda.pt ar..d im;rove t.b.ia equipment tor AJ."fll3 field uae. 

22 
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