Dental Laboratories: 2002

2002 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

Issued December 2004

EC02-31I-339116 (RV)

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division under the direction of Judy M.

Dodds, Assistant Division Chief for Census and Related Programs who was responsible for the overall

planning, management, and coordination. Robert Reinard, Chief, Consumer Goods Industries Branch,

assisted by Suzanne Conard, Susan DiCola, and James Hinckley, and Raphael Corrado,

Tom Flood, Robert Miller, and Robert Rosati, Special Assistants, performed the planning and

implementation. Bill Baldwin, Phillip Brown, Chris Cunningham, Karen Harshbarger, Tom Ickes,

Evelyn Jordan, Cathy Knudsen, Robert Lee, Jennifer Leotta, Michael Perkinson,

LaTanya Steele, Aronda Stovall, Susan Sundermann, Dora Thomas, and Ronanne Vinson,

provided primary staff assistance. Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Census and Related Programs Support

Branch, assisted by Kimberly DePhillip, Section Chief, performed overall coordination of the

publication process. Patrick Duck, Michael Flaherty, Taylor C. Murph, Wanda Sledd, and

Veronica White provided primary staff assistance.

Mathematical and statistical techniques, as well as the coverage operations, were provided by

Paul Hsen, Assistant Division Chief for Research and Methodology Programs, assisted by Stacey Cole,

Chief, Manufacturing Methodology Branch, and Robert Struble, Section Chief. Jeffrey Dalzell and

Cathy Gregor provided primary staff assistance.

Eddie J. Salyers, Assistant Division Chief of Economic Planning and Coordination Division, was

responsible for overseeing the editing and tabulation procedures and the interactive analytical software.

Dennis Shoemaker and Kim Wortman, Special Assistants, John D. Ward, Chief, Analytical Branch,

and Brandy L. Yarbrough, Chief, Edit Branch, were responsible for developing the systems and

procedures for data collection, editing, review, and correction. Donna L. Hambric, Chief of the

Economic Planning Staff, was responsible for overseeing the systems and information for dissemination.

Douglas J. Miller, Chief, Tables and Dissemination Branch, assisted by Lisa Aispuro, Jamie Fleming,

Keith Fuller, Andrew W. Hait, and Kathy G. Padgett were responsible for developing the data

dissemination systems and procedures.

The Geography Division staff, Robert LaMacchia, Chief, developed geographic coding procedures and

associated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Howard R. Hogan, Chief, developed and

coordinated the computer processing systems. Barry F. Sessamen, Assistant Division Chief for Post

Collection, was responsible for design and implementation of the processing system and computer

programs. Gary T. Sheridan, Chief, Macro Analytical Branch, assisted by Apparao V. Katikineni and

Edward F. Johnson provided computer programming and implementation.

The Systems Support Division provided the table composition system. Robert Joseph Brown, Table

Image Processing System (TIPS) Senior Software Engineer, was responsible for the design and

development of the TIPS, under the supervision of Robert J. Bateman, Assistant Division Chief,

Information Systems.

The staff of the National Processing Center performed mailout preparation and receipt operations,

clerical and analytical review activities, and data entry.

Margaret A. Smith, Bernadette J. Beasley, Michael T. Browne, and Alan R. Plisch of the

Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publication and

printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic

media. General direction and production management were provided by James R. Clark, Assistant

Division Chief, and Susan L. Rappa, Chief, Publications Services Branch.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation contributed to the

publication of these data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dental Laboratories: 2002

2002 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

Issued December 2004

EC02-31I-339116 (RV)

U.S. Department of Commerce

Donald L. Evans,

Secretary

Theodore W. Kassinger,

Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Kathleen B. Cooper,

Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,

Director
Vacant,

Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,

Associate Director

for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,

Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

William G. Bostic, Jr.,

Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Kathleen B. Cooper,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,

Director

Hermann Habermann,

Deputy Director and

Chief Operating Officer
 CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census v 

Manufacturing ix 

Tables

1. Historical Statistics for the Industry: 2002 and Earlier Years 1 

2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 2002 2 

3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 2002 3 

4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 2002 4 

5. Industry Statistics by Primary Product Class Specialization:

2002 5 

6a. Products Statistics: 2002 and 1997 6 

6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 2002 and 1997  

7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 2002 and 1997 8 

Appendixes

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1 

C. Methodology C–1 

D. Geographic Notes  

E. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas  

F. Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes: 2002 to

1997 F–1 

Not applicable for this report.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Dental Laboratories iii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the

nation’s economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the

general public. Title 13 of the United States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census

Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, covering years ending in “2” and “7.”

The economic census furnishes an important part of the framework for such composite measures

as the gross domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes,

and other statistical series that measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses

of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the federal government use the data to monitor economic activity and

to assess the effectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assess business activities and tax bases within

their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to

keep their members informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potential markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 2002 Economic Census are published primarily according to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NAICS was first adopted in the United States, Canada,

and Mexico in 1997. The 2002 Economic Census covers the following NAICS sectors:

21 Mining

22 Utilities

23 Construction

31-33 Manufacturing

42 Wholesale Trade

44-45 Retail Trade

48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance

53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

55 Management of Companies and Enterprises

56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services

61 Educational Services

62 Health Care and Social Assistance

71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

72 Accommodation and Food Services

81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially

covered by the census of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the

Public Administration sector (NAICS 92), largely covered by the census of governments conducted

by the Census Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 100 subsectors (three-digit codes), 317 industry groups

(four-digit codes), and, as implemented in the United States, 1,179 industries (six-digit codes).

2002 Economic Census Introduction v

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
RELATIONSHIP TO HISTORICAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Prior to the 1997 Economic Census, data were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular care

should be taken in comparing data for retail trade, wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are

sector titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The

1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC demonstrates the relationships between

NAICS and SIC industries. Where changes are significant, it may not be possible to construct time

series that include data for points both before and after 1997.

Most industry classifications remained unchanged between 1997 and 2002, but NAICS 2002

includes substantial revisions within the construction and wholesale trade sectors, and a number

of revisions for the retail trade and information sectors. These changes are noted in industry definitions and will be demonstrated in the Bridge Between NAICS 2002 and NAICS 1997.

For 2002, data for enterprise support establishments (those functioning primarily to support the

activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as a warehouse or a research and

development laboratory) are included in the industry that reflects their activities (such as warehousing). For 1997, such establishments were termed auxiliaries and were excluded from industry

totals.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than

one location is required to file a separate report for each store, factory, shop, or other location.

Each establishment is assigned a separate industry classification based on its primary activity and

not that of its parent company. (For selected industries, only payroll, employment, and classification are collected for individual establishments, while other data are collected on a consolidated

basis.)

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physical location of each establishment is required to

tabulate the census data for states, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, counties, and

corporate municipalities (places) including cities, towns, townships, villages, and boroughs.

Respondents were required to report their physical location (street address, municipality, county,

and state) if it differed from their mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail (and

those single-establishment companies that did not provide acceptable information on physical

location), location information from administrative sources is used as a basis for coding.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

All results of the 2002 Economic Census are available on the Census Bureau Internet site

(www.census.gov) and on digital versatile discs (DVD-ROMs) for sale by the Census Bureau. The

American FactFinder system at the Internet site allows selective retrieval and downloading of the

data. For more information, including a description of reports being issued, see the Internet site,

write to the U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-6100, or call Customer Services at 301-

763-4100.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and

before that for 1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic

census were taken separately at varying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on

manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was

expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census and subsequent censuses to include mining and some

commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time a census was taken apart

vi Introduction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
from the regular decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries were added in 1930, as were some service trades in 1933. Censuses of

construction, manufacturing, and the other business censuses were suspended during World War

II.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fully integrated, providing comparable census data across economic sectors and using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided by the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records

also have been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the

need to send them census report forms.

The range of industries covered in the economic census expanded between 1967 and 2002. The

census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the scope of service

industries, introduced in 1933, was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadened to

include all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also new for 1992 was coverage of

financial, insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions, the economic census and the

separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent

of all economic activity. New for 2002 is coverage of four industries classified in the agriculture,

forestry, and fishing sector under the SIC system: landscape architectural services, landscaping

services, veterinary services, and pet care services.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier censuses provide historical figures for the

study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries. Reports for 1997 were

published primarily on the Internet and copies of 1992 reports are also available there. CD-ROMs

issued from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Economic Censuses contain databases that include all or

nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code statistics, published

only on CD-ROM.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications

for the 2002 Economic Census and related surveys is published in the Guide to the 2002 Economic

Census at www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of the census will be published in the History of the 2002 Economic Census at

www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

2002 Economic Census Introduction vii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
This page is intentionally blank.

viii Introduction 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Manufacturing

SCOPE

The Manufacturing sector (sector 31-33) comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical,

physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products.

The assembling of component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing,

except in cases where the activity is appropriately classified in Sector 23, Construction.

Establishments in the manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and

characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. However, establishments that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker’s

home and those engaged in selling to the general public products made on the same premises

from which they are sold, such as bakeries, candy stores, and custom tailors, may also be

included in this sector. Manufacturing establishments may process materials or may contract with

other establishments to process their materials for them. Both types of establishments are

included in manufacturing.

The materials, substances, or components transformed by manufacturing establishments are raw

materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, or quarrying, as well as products of other manufacturing establishments. The materials used may be purchased directly from

producers, obtained through customary trade channels, or secured without recourse to the market

by transferring the product from one establishment to another, under the same ownership. The

new product of a manufacturing establishment may be finished in the sense that it is ready for

utilization or consumption, or it may be semifinished to become an input for an establishment

engaged in further manufacturing. For example, the product of the alumina refinery is the input

used in the primary production of aluminum; primary aluminum is the input to an aluminum wire

drawing plant; and aluminum wire is the input for a fabricated wire product manufacturing establishment.

The subsectors in the manufacturing sector generally reflect distinct production processes related

to material inputs, production equipment, and employee skills. In the machinery area, where

assembling is a key activity, parts and accessories for manufactured products are classified in the

industry of the finished manufactured item when they are made for separate sale. For example, a

replacement refrigerator door would be classified with refrigerators and an attachment for a piece

of metal working machinery would be classified with metal working machinery. However, components, input from other manufacturing establishments, are classified based on the production

function of the component manufacturer. For example, electronic components are classified in

Subsector 334, Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing; and stampings are classified in

Subsector 332, Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing.

Manufacturing establishments often perform one or more activities that are classified outside the

manufacturing sector of NAICS. For instance, almost all manufacturing has some captive research

and development or administrative operations, such as accounting, payroll, or management.

These captive services are treated the same as captive manufacturing activities. When the services

are provided by separate establishments, they are classified to the NAICS sector where such services are primary, not in manufacturing.

The boundaries of manufacturing and the other sectors of the classification system can be somewhat blurry. The establishments in the manufacturing sector are engaged in the transformation of

materials into new products. Their output is a new product. However, the definition of what constitutes a new product can be somewhat subjective. As clarification, the following activities are

2002 Economic Census Manufacturing ix

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
considered manufacturing in NAICS: milk bottling and pasteurizing; water bottling and processing; fresh fish packaging (oyster shucking, fish filleting); apparel jobbing (assigning of materials

to contract factories or shops for fabrication or other contract operations); as well as contracting

on materials owned by others; printing and related activities; ready-mixed concrete production;

leather converting; grinding of lenses to prescription; wood preserving; electroplating, plating,

metal heat treating, and polishing for the trade; lapidary work for the trade; fabricating signs and

advertising displays; rebuilding or remanufacturing machinery (i.e., automotive parts); ship repair

and renovation; machine shops; and tire retreading.

Exclusions. There are activities that are sometimes considered manufacturing, but for NAICS are

classified in another sector. These activities include logging, classified in Sector 11, Agriculture,

Forestry, Fishing and Hunting is considered a harvesting operation; the beneficiating of ores and

other minerals, classified in Sector 21, Mining, is considered part of the activity of mining; the

construction of structures and fabricating operations performed at the site of construction by contractors, is classified in Sector 23, Construction; establishments engaged in breaking of bulk and

redistribution in smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging, or bottling products, such as

liquors or chemicals; the customized assembly of computers; sorting of scrap; mixing paints to

customer order; and cutting metals to customer order, classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade or

Sector 44-45, Retail Trade, produce a modified version of the same product, not a new product;

and publishing and the combined activity of publishing and printing, classified in Sector 51, Information, perform the transformation of information into a product where as the value of the product to the consumer lies in the information content, not in the format in which it is distributed

(i.e., the book or software diskette).

The tabulations for this sector do not include central administrative offices, warehouses, or other

establishments that serve manufacturing establishments within the same organization. Data for

such establishments are classified according to the nature of the service they provide. For

example, separate headquarters establishments are reported in NAICS Sector 55, Management of

Companies and Enterprises.

The reports described below exclude establishments of firms with no paid employees. These

“nonemployers,” typically self-employed individuals or partnerships operating businesses that

they have not chosen to incorporate, are reported separately in Nonemployer Statistics. The contribution of nonemployers, relatively small for this sector, may be examined at

www.census.gov/nonemployerimpact.

The reports described below cover all manufacturing establishments with one or more paid

employees.

Definitions. Industry categories are defined in Appendix B, NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions. Other terms are defined in Appendix A, Explanation of Terms.

REPORTS

The following reports provide statistics on this sector:

Industry Series. There are 473 reports, each covering a single NAICS industry (six-digit code).

These reports include such statistics as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value

added by manufacture, cost of materials consumed, value of shipments, capital expenditures, etc.

The industry reports also include data for states with 100 employees or more in the industry. The

data in industry reports are preliminary and subject to change in the following reports.

Geographic Area Series. There are 51 separate reports, one for each state and the District of

Columbia. Each state report presents similar statistics at the “all manufacturing” level for each

state and its metropolitan and micropolitan areas with 250 employees or more, and for counties,

consolidated cities, and places with 500 employees or more. The state reports also include sixdigit NAICS level data for industries with 100 employees or more in the state.

Subject Series:

x Manufacturing 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
• Industry-Product Analysis Summary. This report presents value of shipments, value of

product shipments, percentage of product shipments of the total value of shipments, and percentage of distribution of value of product shipments on the NAICS six-digit industry level and

by the six- and seven-digit product code levels. It also includes miscellaneous receipts at the

six- and seven-digit product code levels by NAICS six-digit industry levels.

• General Summary. This report contains industry and geographic area statistics summarized in

one report. It includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry and state reports, as well

as revisions to the data made after the release of the industry and state reports.

• Product Summary. This report summarizes the products data published in the industry

reports. This report also includes a table with data for products that are primary to more than

one industry, which are not in the industry reports.

• Materials Summary. This report summarizes the materials data published in the industry

reports.

• Concentration Ratio Summary. This report publishes data on the percentage of value of shipments and value added accounted for by the 4-, 8-, 20-, and 50-largest companies for each

manufacturing industry. Also shown in this report are Herfindahl-Herschmann indexes for each

industry.

• Location of Manufacturing Plants Summary. This report contains statistics on the number

of establishments for the three-and six-digit NAICS industry by state, county, place, and ZIP

Code by employment-size of the establishment.

ZIP Code Statistics. This report contain statistics on the number of establishments for the threeand six-digit NAICS industry by employment-size of the establishment by ZIP Code.

Other reports. Data for this sector are also included in reports with multisector coverage, including Nonemployer Statistics, Comparative Statistics, Bridge Between 2002 NAICS and 1997 NAICS,

Business Expenses, and the Survey of Business Owners reports.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

The level of geographic detail varies by report. Maps are available at

www.census.gov/econ2002maps. Notes specific to areas in the state are included in Appendix D,

Geographic Notes.

1. The United States as a whole.

2. States and the District of Columbia.

3. Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas with 250 employees or more. A core based statistical areas (CBSA) contains a core area with a substantial population nucleus, together with

adjacent communities having a high degree of social and economic integration with that core.

CBSAs are differentiated into metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas based on size criteria. Both metropolitan and micropolitan areas are defined in terms of entire counties, and

are listed in Appendix E, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas.

a. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (metro areas). Metro areas have at least one urbanized area of

50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.

b. Micropolitan Statistical Areas (micro areas). Micro areas have at least one urban cluster of

at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high

degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.

c. Metropolitan Divisions (metro divisions). If specified criteria are met, a metro area containing a single core with a population of 2.5 million or more may be subdivided to form

smaller groupings of counties referred to as Metropolitan Divisions.

2002 Economic Census Manufacturing xi

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
d. Combined Statistical Areas (combined areas). If specified criteria are met, adjacent metro

and micro areas, in various combinations, may become the components of a new set of

areas called Combined Statistical Areas. The areas that combine retain their own designations as metro or micro areas within the larger combined area.

4. Counties and county equivalents defined as of January 1, 2002, with 500 employees or more.

Counties are the primary divisions of states, except in Louisiana where they are called parishes and in Alaska where they are called boroughs, census areas, and city and boroughs.

Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have one place or more that is independent of any

county organization and constitutes primary divisions of their states. These places are treated

as counties and as places.

5. Economic places with 500 employees or more.

a. Municipalities of 2,500 inhabitants or more defined as of January 1, 2002. These are areas

of significant population incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages, or towns according to

the 2000 Census of Population. For the economic census, boroughs and census areas in

Alaska and boroughs in New York are not included in this category.

b. Consolidated cities defined as of January 1, 2002. Consolidated cities are consolidated

governments that consist of separately incorporated municipalities.

c. Townships in Michigan, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and towns in New York, Wisconsin,

and the six New England states with 10,000 inhabitants or more (according to the 2000

Census of Population).

d. Balance of county. Areas outside the entities listed above, including incorporated municipalities with populations of fewer than 2,500, town and townships not qualifying as noted

above, and the remainders of counties outside places are categorized as “Balance of

county.”

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 2002 data are expressed in 2002

dollars, and 1997 data, in 1997 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons with prior

years, users of the data should consider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1997 AND 2002 ECONOMIC CENSUSES

Both the 2002 Economic Census and the 1997 Economic Census present data based on the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). While there were revisions to selected industries

for 2002, this sector is not affected by those revisions.

For 2002, there have been several additional data tables added, which did not exist in 1997.

These tables for 2002 include products primary to more than one industry, industry-product

analysis, e-commerce value of shipments, and leased and nonleased detail employment statistics

by subsectors.

RELIABILITY OF DATA

All data compiled for this sector are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be

attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition and

classification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data. Selected data in tables titled “Detailed Statistics” are based

on the Annual Survey of Manufactures and are subject to sampling errors as well as nonsampling

errors.

xii Manufacturing 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or

misreported data, as by the percentages shown in the tables. Precautionary steps were taken in all

phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects

of nonsampling errors. More information on the reliability of the data is included in Appendix C,

Methodology.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no

data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company.

However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considered

a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at

www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.

The disclosure analysis for “industry statistics” files is based on the total value of shipments.

When the total value of shipments cannot be shown without disclosing information for individual

companies, the complete line is suppressed except for capital expenditures. Nonetheless, the suppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for

capital expenditures, which can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are published.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC DATA

The Census Bureau conducts the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years

between the economic censuses. The ASM is a probability-based sample of approximately 55,000

establishments and collects many of the same industry statistics (including employment, payroll,

value of shipments, etc.) as the economic census. However, there are selected statistics not

included in the ASM. Among these are the number of companies and establishments, detailed

product and materials data, and substate geographic data. In addition to the ASM, the Census

Bureau conducts the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) program. The CIR program publishes selected

detailed product statistics for selected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in

some cases, monthly and/or quarterly. The Census Bureau also conducts the monthly Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) Program, which publishes detailed statistics for

manufacturing industries at the U.S. level.

In addition, the County Business Patterns program offers annual statistics on the number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry within each county, and Statistics of

U.S. Businesses provides annual statistics classified by the employment size of the enterprise, further classified by industry for the United States, and by broader categories for states and metropolitan areas.

CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS

Questions about these data may be directed to the U.S. Census Bureau, Manufacturing & Construction Division, Information Services Center, 301-763-4673 or ask.census.gov.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used with these data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more

D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals

F Exceeds 100 percent because data include establishments with payroll exceeding revenue

N Not available or not comparable

S Withheld because estimates did not meet publication standards

X Not applicable

Z Less than half the unit shown

a 0 to 19 employees

b 20 to 99 employees

c 100 to 249 employees

2002 Economic Census Manufacturing xiii

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
e 250 to 499 employees

f 500 to 999 employees

g 1,000 to 2,499 employees

h 2,500 to 4,999 employees

i 5,000 to 9,999 employees

j 10,000 to 24,999 employees

k 25,000 to 49,999 employees

l 50,000 to 99,999 employees

m 100,000 employees or more

p 10 to 19 percent estimated

q 20 to 29 percent estimated

r Revised

s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent

nsk Not specified by kind

– Represents zero (page image/print only)

(CC) Consolidated city

(IC) Independent city

xiv Manufacturing 2002 Economic Census

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 1. Historical Statistics for the Industry: 2002 and Earlier Years

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and explanation of

terms, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and year1

All employees Production workers

Com

panies2

All

estab

lish

ments3 Number4 Payroll($1,000) Number4 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of

materials

($1,000)

Total

value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi

tures

($1,000)

339116, Dental laboratories 2002   6 918 7 089 49 722 1 531 930 36 759 68 801 1 076 013 2 818 379 644 966 3 463 420 r

94 743

2001 N N 47 968 1 345 659 35 160 72 172 923 837 2 392 848 670 127 3 044 267 78 764

2000 N N 45 940 1 245 002 33 907 65 071 858 729 2 191 977 649 518 2 821 584 82 116

1999 N N 43 445 1 155 731 32 853 61 695 793 287 2 049 326 583 424 2 640 544 82 957

1998 N N 51 608 1 271 416 39 703 73 652 894 215 2 536 251 994 127 3 580 395 73 711

1997 7 490 7 609 41 154 1 023 634 30 585 50 847 647 331 2 152 698 797 235 2 983 574 73 734

1Statistics presented for years ending in 2 and 7 are census data. Interim census years are derived in a representative sample of manufacturing establishments canvassed in the Annual Survey

of Manufactures (ASM). 2For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 3Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

4Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to

protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American

FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Dental Laboratories 1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 2002

[States that are a disclosure or with less than 100 employees are not shown. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, explanation of

terms, and geographical definitions, see note at end of table. For information on geographic areas followed by *, see Appendix D. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and geographic area

All establishments2 All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20

em

ploy

ees or

more Number3 Payroll($1,000) Number3 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of

materials

($1,000)

Total

value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total

capital

expendi

tures

($1,000)

339116, Dental laboratories

United States 3  7 089 475 49 722 1 531 930 36 759 68 801 1 076 013 2 818 379 644 966 3 463 420 r94 743

Alabama 3  107 7 807 20 216 636 995 14 263 36 714 8 125 44 730 r1 313

Arizona 4  153 11 917 27 018 714 1 321 19 825 48 165 11 752 59 571 r1 662

Arkansas 2  52 2 361 10 930 260 520 7 698 21 455 4 591 26 013 r545

California 3  1 046 65 9 703 334 491 6 922 13 342 227 222 693 915 160 514 850 212 r14 980

Colorado 3  147 6 908 27 950 647 1 235 18 792 56 232 11 003 66 170 r1 759

Connecticut 7  83 10 904 28 320 640 1 222 18 223 45 555 8 905 54 361 r1 668

Florida 4  518 23 2 536 72 302 1 898 3 369 50 258 125 838 31 005 155 411 r4 734

Georgia 4  218 18 1 694 52 108 1 265 2 373 36 521 86 023 19 661 105 622 r2 817

Hawaii 2  37 2 208 6 211 146 279 4 755 10 544 2 410 12 947 r325

Illinois 3  299 23 1 959 58 369 1 433 2 711 41 368 97 713 21 882 119 415 r3 153

Iowa 2  62 3 425 11 501 312 553 8 051 20 232 4 643 24 942 r480

Kansas 3  57 10 771 24 309 605 1 215 17 626 45 600 9 585 55 150 r1 108

Kentucky 2  81 6 435 13 051 327 589 9 429 26 521 5 325 31 850 r852

Louisiana 4  82 6 578 15 616 449 798 11 219 26 520 6 802 33 108 r954

Maine 3  23 3 148 3 947 119 205 3 051 7 318 1 392 8 673 r212

Maryland 4  110 5 521 16 273 388 740 11 713 27 921 6 410 34 333 r984

Massachusetts 6  145 11 1 253 41 102 958 1 872 29 774 65 961 15 763 81 273 r2 108

Michigan 3  222 14 1 730 51 772 1 303 2 326 38 486 93 343 21 209 114 699 r2 959

Minnesota 2  137 23 1 552 50 394 1 164 2 251 37 040 85 446 18 670 103 662 r3 296

Mississippi 4  49 3 273 7 620 212 415 5 373 14 077 3 177 17 159 r559

Missouri 2  141 14 986 28 236 784 1 352 21 272 49 050 10 313 57 882 r1 238

Nevada 2  48 3 261 7 959 206 335 6 218 12 106 3 036 16 719 r555

New Jersey 4  214 15 1 242 41 221 907 1 687 29 232 68 212 16 614 87 372 r1 831

New York 4  437 31 3 148 97 874 2 240 4 393 65 090 179 115 44 906 224 474 r11 804

North Carolina 3  234 8 1 181 37 286 855 1 624 25 107 61 329 13 034 74 392 r1 848

Ohio 4  226 20 1 468 40 995 1 095 1 965 29 825 67 811 15 831 84 466 r3 006

Oklahoma 3  70 3 318 8 923 249 433 6 266 15 085 3 348 18 461 r506

Oregon 5  134 6 952 28 517 698 1 253 19 395 51 577 11 053 62 750 r1 850

Pennsylvania 2  231 20 1 869 58 835 1 406 2 751 40 828 127 956 26 521 153 954 r6 508

South Carolina 4  59 1 310 10 454 236 466 6 705 17 624 3 041 20 615 r509

Tennessee 4  131 3 552 15 412 425 759 11 217 26 454 5 906 32 395 r1 078

Texas 4  376 24 2 318 66 755 1 717 3 214 47 481 111 794 29 758 142 930 r4 414

Utah 2  104 5 725 23 904 519 914 17 263 50 150 9 406 58 506 r958

Virginia 4  152 6 751 23 402 575 1 116 17 431 37 783 8 748 46 536 r2 237

Washington 4  270 17 1 565 47 281 1 174 2 156 33 891 84 554 18 317 102 684 r2 730

Wisconsin 2  130 16 1 301 36 978 967 1 871 27 121 69 948 15 114 84 874 r1 593

1Some payroll and sales data for small singleestablishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data account for 10 percent or more of the

figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to 89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

3Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C. For geographical definitions, see Appendix D.

2 Dental Laboratories ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 2002

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error,

nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note 2 at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Item Value

339116, Dental laboratories

Companies1number 6 918

All establishments2number 7 089

Establishments with 1 to 19 employees number 6 614

Establishments with 20 to 99 employees number 433

Establishments with 100 employees or more number 42

All employees3 number 49 722

Total compensation  $1,000 1 817 305

Annual payroll  $1,000 1 531 930

Total fringe benefits  $1,000 285 375

Production workers, average for yearnumber 36 759

Production workers on March 12number 36 536

Production workers on May 12 number 36 750

Production workers on August 12 number 36 919

Production workers on November 12 number 36 770

Production worker hours 1,000 68 801

Production worker wages  $1,000 1 076 013

Total cost of materials  $1,000 644 966

Materials, parts, containers, packaging, etc., used  $1,000 507 127

Resales  $1,000 86 648

Purchased fuels  $1,000 2 741

Purchased electricity  $1,000 14 332

Contract work  $1,000 34 118

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh   203 490

Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh   –

Total value of shipments  $1,000 3 463 420

Primary products value of shipments  $1,000 3 160 752

Secondary products value of shipments  $1,000 100 540

Total miscellaneous receipts  $1,000 202 128

Value of resales  $1,000 167 629

Contract receipts  $1,000 8 844

Other miscellaneous receipts $1,000 25 655

Primary products specialization ratio  percent 97

Value of primary products shipments made in all industries $1,000   3 178 066

Value of primary products shipments made in this industry $1,000   3 160 752

Value of primary products shipments made in other industries $1,000   17 314

Coverage ratio  percent 99

Value added  $1,000 2 818 379

Total inventories, beginning of year  $1,000 231 103

Finished goods inventories $1,000 106 923

Workinprocess inventories  $1,000 57 186

Materials and supplies inventories  $1,000 66 994

Total inventories, end of year $1,000 251 023

Finished goods inventories $1,000 104 765

Workinprocess inventories  $1,000 59 269

Materials and supplies inventories  $1,000 86 989

Gross value of depreciable assets (acquisition costs) at beginning of year $1,000   r788 516

Total capital expenditures (new and used)  $1,000 r94 743

Buildings and other structures (new and used) $1,000 r13 107

Machinery and equipment (new and used)  $1,000 r81 636

Automobiles, trucks, etc., for highway use $1,000 r10 159

Computers and peripheral data processing equipment $1,000   r10 487

All other expenditures for machinery and equipment $1,000   r60 990

Total retirements  $1,000 r42 506

Gross value of depreciable assets at end of year $1,000 r840 753

Depreciation charges during year  $1,000 r62 063

Total rental payments  $1,000 85 371

Buildings and other structures  $1,000 54 800

Machinery and equipment $1,000 30 571

Total other expenses4  $1,000 210 054

Response coverage ratio5  percent 70

Repair and maintenance services of buildings and/or machinery4  $1,000 9 235

Communications services4  $1,000 7 878

Legal services4  $1,000 1 709

Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services4  $1,000 8 582

Advertising and promotional services4  $1,000 9 327

Expensed computer hardware and supplies and purchased computer services4 $1,000 3 229

Refuse removal (including hazardous waste) services4  $1,000 1 153

Management consulting and administrative services4  $1,000 4 550

Taxes and license fees4  $1,000 9 148

All other expenses4  $1,000 155 242

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

3Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November

plus other employees for payroll period that includes the 12th of March. 4Based on 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) sample data.

5A response coverage ratio is derived for this item by calculating the ratio of the weighted employment (establishment data multiplied by sample weight) for

those Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishments that reported to the weighted total employment for all ASM establishments classified in this industry.

Note 1: The amounts shown for other expenses reflect only those services that establishments purchase from other companies.

Note 2: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census and the 2002 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM). To maintain confidentiality, the

Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this table contain sampling errors and nonsampling errors.

Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. For

explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Dental Laboratories 3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 2002

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and

symbols, see introductory text]

Employment size class

All employees Production workers

E1

All estab lish ments2 Number3 Payroll

($1,000) Number3 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of materials

($1,000)

Total value of shipments

($1,000)

Total

capital

expendi tures ($1,000)

339116, Dental laboratories

All establishments 3  7 089 49 722 1 531 930 36 759 68 801 1 076 013 2 818 379 644 966 3 463 420 r94 743 Establishments with 1 to 4 employees 9  5 054 9 704 280 817 7 325 13 324 194 980 483 887 100 798 584 455 r

16 335 5 to 9 employees 3  913 6 116 179 462 4 605 8 388 129 618 321 408 81 630 403 014 r

10 951 10 to 19 employees 2  647 8 679 247 955 6 454 11 688 182 863 450 114 112 316 563 759 r

15 701 20 to 49 employees 2  341 10 003 303 095 7 474 13 842 219 790 524 331 123 613 651 328 r

17 566 50 to 99 employees 2  92 6 115 200 248 4 385 8 489 134 903 337 927 78 558 414 580 r

14 552 100 to 249 employees 3  35 4 718 147 531 3 467 6 793 100 472 261 151 52 227 311 346 r

11 075 250 to 499 employees –  4 gDDDD D D D D

500 to 999 employees 3  2 gDDDD D D D D

1,000 to 2,499 employees –  1 gDDDD D D D D

2,500 employees or more –  ––––– – – – ––

Administrative records4  9 4 822 10 069 291 166 7 643 13 951 202 084 494 863 102 152 595 847 r16 919

1Some payroll and sales data for small singleestablishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data account for 10 percent or more of the

figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to 89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

3Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March. 4Some payroll and sales data for small singleestablishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. Data are also included in respective

size classes shown.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

4 Dental Laboratories ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 5. Industry Statistics by Primary Product Class Specialization: 2002

[Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and

symbols, see introductory text]

Industry or

product

class code

Industry or primary product class

All employees Production workers

All

estab

lish

ments1 Number2 Payroll

($1,000) Number2 Hours(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value

added

($1,000)

Total

cost of materials

($1,000)

Total value of shipments

($1,000)

Total

capital

expendi tures ($1,000)

339116 Dental laboratories 7 089  49 722 1 531 930 36 759 68 801 1 076 013 2 818 379 644 966 3 463 420 r

94 743

3391160 Dental laboratories 7 089  49 722 1 531 930 36 759 68 801 1 076 013 2 818 379 644 966 3 463 420 r

94 743

1Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

2Number of employees figures represent average number of production workers for pay period that includes the 12th of March, May, August, and November plus other employees for payroll

period that includes the 12th of March.

Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

ManufacturingIndustry Series Dental Laboratories 5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 6a. Products Statistics: 2002 and 1997

[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers of

products of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For

information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note 2 at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Product

code Product

Number of Product shipments

companies with

shipments of

$100,000

or more

Quantity of

production for

all purposes Quantity

Value

($1,000)

339116 Dental laboratories2002 N X X 3 178 066

1997 N X X 2 707 433

3391160 Dental laboratories2002 N X X 3 178 066

1997 N X X 2 707 433

33911601 Dental laboratory supplies 2002   N X X 1 973 907

1997 N X X 1 297 360

3391160100 Artificial teeth, bridges, crowns, dentures, and other

orthodontic appliances that are customized for individual

application (prescription basis) 2002   1 409 X X 1 973 907

1997 1 171 X X 1 297 360

3391160Y Dental laboratories, nsk, total 2002   N X X 1 204 159

1997 N X X 1 410 073

3391160YWW Dental laboratories, nsk, for nonadministrativerecord

establishments 2002 N X X 594 713

1997 N X X 331 330

3391160YWY Dental laboratories, nsk, for administrativerecord

establishments 2002 N X X 609 446

1997 N X X 1 078 743

Note 1: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values that are based on quantityvalue relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p–10 to 19 percent estimated; q–20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

Note 2: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

6 Dental Laboratories ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 2002 and 1997

[Not applicable for this report.]

ManufacturingIndustry Series Dental Laboratories 7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Table 7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 2002 and 1997

[Includes quantity and cost of materials consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality

protection, nonsampling error, and explanation of terms, see note 2 at end of table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Material code Material consumed Quantity

Delivered cost

($1,000)

339116 Dental laboratories

00900001 Total materials 2002 X 507 127 1997 X 611 391 33120001 Steel shapes and forms (excluding castings, forgings, and fabricated metal products) 2002 X 4 895 1997 X N 33200082 Fabricated metal products (excluding forgings and castings) 2002 X 15 826 1997 X N

33141901 Precious metals (gold, platinum, etc.), all forms (including ingot, sheet, strip, solder, plating,

electrodes, etc.) 2002 X 75 402 1997 X N 32500006 Chemical, all types (including resins)2002 X 13 318 1997 X N 32610011 Fabricated plastics products (excluding gaskets) 2002 X 6 753 1997 X N

001900B7 Resistors, capacitors, transformers, electron tubes, semiconductors, and other electronic

components 2002 X 1 245 1997 X N 32221001 Paperboard containers, boxes, and corrugated paperboard 2002 X 3 066 1997 X N 00970099 All other materials and components, parts, containers, and supplies2002 X 72 518 1997 X N 00971000 Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk 2002 X 314 104 1997 X N

Note 1: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values that are based on quantityvalue relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p–10 to 19 percent estimated; q–20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

Note 2: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The

census results in this table contain nonsampling errors. Data users who create their own estimates using data from American FactFinder tables should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original

data only. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

8 Dental Laboratories ManufacturingIndustry Series

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

BEGINNING- AND END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES

Respondents were asked to report their beginning-of-year and end-of-year inventories at cost or

market. Effective with the 1982 Economic Census, this change to a uniform instruction for reporting inventories was introduced for all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were permitted to

value inventories using any generally accepted accounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market, to name a

few). Beginning in 1982, LIFO users were asked to first report inventory values prior to the LIFO

adjustment and, then, to report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after adjustment for the

reserve.

Inventory data by stage of fabrication

Total inventories and three detailed components (1)finished goods, (2)work-in-process, and

(3)materials, supplies, fuels, etc., were collected.

When using inventory data by stage of fabrication for “all industries” and at the three-digit subsector level, it should be noted that an item treated as a finished product by an establishment in one

industry may be reported as a raw material by an establishment in a different industry. For

example, the finished-product inventories of a steel mill would be reported as raw materials by a

stamping plant. Such differences are present in the inventory figures by stage of fabrication

shown for all publication levels.

COST OF MATERIALS

This term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the year, including freight charges and other direct charges incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials. It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it from other

establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the year.

Included in this item are:

1. Cost of parts, components, containers, etc. Includes all raw materials, semifinished goods,

parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used as operating supplies and

for repair and maintenance during the year.

2. Cost of products bought and sold in the same condition.

3. Cost of fuels consumed for heat and power. Includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed,

whether purchased by the individual establishment from other companies, transferred to it

from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory during the

year.

4. Cost of purchased electricity. The cost of purchased electric energy represents the amount

actually used during the year for heat and power. In addition, information was collected on

the quantity of electric energy generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric

energy sold or transferred to other plants of the same company.

5. Cost of contract work. This term applies to work done by others on materials furnished by the

manufacturing establishment. The actual cost of the material is to be reported on the cost of

materials, parts, and containers line of this item. The term ‘‘Contract Work’’ refers to the fee a

company pays to another company to perform a service.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Specific materials consumed

In addition to the total cost of materials, which every establishment was required to report, information also was collected for most manufacturing industries on the consumption of major materials used in manufacturing. The inquiries were restricted to those materials that were important

parts of the cost of production in a particular industry and for which cost information was available from manufacturers’ records. If less than $25,000 of a listed material was consumed by an

establishment, the cost data could be reported in the “Cost of all other materials” Census material

code 00970099.

Also, the cost of materials for small establishments for which administrative records or short

forms were used was imputed into the “Materials not specified by kind” Census materials code

00971000.

Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of shipments figures for industry groups and for

all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since the products of some

industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of

related industries representing successive stages in the production of a finished manufactured

product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of

pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate twothirds of the total value of products reported in the survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry

groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials

consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or

geographic areas because of the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other processing

costs of value of shipments, both among industries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries

which included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.

SELECTED PURCHASED SERVICES

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishments were requested to provide information on

the cost of selected purchased services for the repair and maintenance services of buildings

and/or machinery; communication services; legal services; accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

services; advertising and promotional services; expensed computer hardware and supplies and

purchased computer services; refuse removal services; management consulting and administrative services; taxes and license fees; and all other expenses not previously stated. Each of these

items reflects the costs paid directly by the establishment and excludes salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services. These expenses are normally considered as nonproduction related costs purchased from other companies.

Included in the cost of selected purchased services for the repair and maintenance services of

buildings and/or machinery are payments made for all maintenance and repair work on buildings

and equipment. Payments made to other establishments of the same company and for repair and

maintenance of any leased property also are included. Excluded from this item are extensive

repairs or reconstruction that was capitalized, which is considered capital expenditures; costs

incurred directly by the establishment in using its own work force to perform repairs and maintenance work; and repairs and maintenance provided by the building or machinery owner as part of

the rental contract.

A–2 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Included in the cost of selected purchased services for communication is the actual expense

incurred or payable during the year for any type of communication. Such types of communication

include telephone, data transmission, telegraph, Internet, connectivity, FAX, telex, photo transmission, paging, cellular telephone, on-line access and related services, etc.

Included in the cost of selected purchased services for legal services are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment. Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services are payments

made to other companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment.

Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected advertising and promotional services are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment. These include payments for printing, media coverage, and other services and materials. Excluded are the salaries

paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected expensed computer hardware and supplies and purchased computer services are actual expenses incurred or payable during the year for this item. Purchases for

computer hardware and supplies, computer services (software, data transmission, processing services, Web design, etc.) are all included. Excluded are services provided by other establishments

of the same company (such as a separate central data processing unit).

Included in the cost of selected purchased refuse removal services are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment, including costs for hazardous waste removal or treatment. Excluded are all costs included in rental payments or as capital expenditures and the salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected purchased management consulting and administrative services are

payments made to other companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment. Excluded are the salaries paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of selected purchased taxes and license fees are payments made to other

companies for these services that were paid directly by the establishment, excluding income,

sales, payroll, and excise taxes. Excluded are also the salaries paid to employees of this establishment for these services.

Response coverage ratio

A response coverage ratio is a measure of the extent to which respondents report for an item. The

estimate is made by calculating the ratio value of the weighted total employment data for all the

ASM establishments that report the item to the weighted total employment data for all ASM establishments classified in an industry (reporters and nonreporters).

DEPRECIATION CHARGES FOR FIXED ASSETS

This item includes depreciation and amortization charged during the year against assets. Depreciation charged against fixed assets acquired since the beginning of the year and against assets

sold or retired during the year are components of this category. Respondents were requested to

make certain that they did not report accumulated depreciation.

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

This item includes all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments during any part of the pay period that included the 12th of the months specified on the report form. Included are employees on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations; not included are proprietors and partners of unincorporated businesses.

These individuals comprise of all full-time and part-time employees who are on the payrolls of

establishments who worked or received pay for any part of the pay period including the 12th of

March, May, August, and November.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
The “all employees” number is the average number of production workers plus the number of

other employees in mid-March. The number of production workers is the average for the payroll

periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November

Production Workers

The “production workers” number includes workers (up through the line-supervisor level) engaged

in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product

development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and

other services closely associated with these production operations at the establishment covered

by the report. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded from this item.

All Other Employees

The “other employees” covers nonproduction employees of the manufacturing establishment

including those engaged in factory supervision above the line-supervisor level. It includes sales

(including driver-salespersons), sales delivery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising, credit, collection, installation and servicing of own products, clerical and routine office functions, executive, purchasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria, medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Also included are employees on the payroll of the manufacturing

establishment engaged in the construction of major additions or alterations utilized as a separate

work force.

TOTAL FRINGE BENEFITS

This item is the employer’s costs for social security tax, unemployment tax, workmen’s compensation insurance, state disability insurance pension plans, stock purchase plans, union-negotiated

benefits, life insurance premiums, and insurance premiums on hospital and medical plans for

employees.

Fringe benefits are divided into legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of federal old age and survivors’ insurance,

unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs

include all programs not specifically required by legislation, whether they were employer initiated

or the result of collective bargaining. They include the employer portion of such plans as insurance premiums, premiums for supplemental accident and sickness insurance, pension plans,

supplemental unemployment compensation, welfare plans, stock purchase plans on which the

employer payment is not subject to withholding tax, and deferred profit-sharing plans. They

exclude such items as company-operated cafeterias, in-plant medical services, free parking lots,

discounts on employee purchases, and uniforms and work clothing for employees.

GROSS VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS (ACQUISITION COSTS) AT BEGINNING OF YEAR

(BOY) AND END OF YEAR (EOY)

Total value of depreciable assets is collected on all census forms.

It shows the value of depreciable assets for the beginning of year (BOY) and end of year (EOY).

The data encompass all fixed depreciable assets on the books of establishments. The values

shown (book value) represent the actual cost of assets at the time they were acquired, including

all costs incurred in making the assets usable (such as transportation and installation). Included

are all buildings, structures, machinery, and equipment (production, office, and transportation

equipment) for which depreciation reserves are maintained. Excluded are nondepreciable capital

assets including inventories and intangible assets, such as timber and mineral rights.

The definition of fixed depreciable assets is consistent with the definition of capital expenditures.

For example, expenditures include actual capital outlays during the year rather than the final

value of equipment put in place and buildings completed during the year.

Accordingly, the value of assets at the end of the year includes the value of construction in

progress.

A–4 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
In addition, respondents were requested to make certain that assets at the beginning of the year

plus capital expenditures, less retirements, equaled assets at the end of the year.

ESTABLISHMENT

An establishment is a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or

industrial operations are performed. Data in this sector includes those establishments where

manufacturing is performed. A separate report was required for each manufacturing establishment (plant) with one employee or more that were in operation at any time during the year.

An establishment not in operation for any portion of the year was requested to return the report

form with the proper notation in the “Operational Status” section of the form. In addition, the

establishment was requested to report data on any employees, capital expenditures, inventories,

or shipments from inventories during the year.

Company

A company or (“enterprise”) is comprised of all the establishments that operate under the ownership or control of a single organization. A company may be a business, service, or membership

organization; consist of one or several establishments; and operate at one or several locations. It

includes all subsidiary organizations, all establishments that are majority-owned by the company

or any subsidiary, and all the establishments that can be directed or managed by the company or

any subsidiary.

A company may have one or many establishments. Examples include product and service sales

offices (retail and wholesale), industrial production plants, processing or assembly operations,

mines or well sites, and support operations (such as an administrative office, warehouse, customer service center, or regional headquarters). Each establishment should receive, complete, and

return a separate census form.

If the company operated at different physical locations, even if the individual locations were producing the same line of goods, a separate report was requested for each location. If the company

operated in two or more distinct lines of manufacturing at the same location, a separate report

was requested for each activity.

PAYROLL

This item includes the gross earnings of all employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing

establishments paid in the calendar year. Respondents were told they could follow the definition

of payrolls used for calculating the federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of compensation,

such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and

compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total includes salaries of

officers of corporations; it excludes payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the

active payrolls of manufacturing establishments.

The census definition of payrolls is identical to that recommended to all federal statistical agencies by the Office of Management and Budget. It should be noted that this definition does not

include employers’ social security contributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employees’ pension plans, group insurance premiums, and workers’ compensation.

The ASM provides estimates of employers’ total supplemental labor costs (those required by federal and state laws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collective bargaining agreements).

PRODUCT CODES AND CLASSES OF PRODUCTS

NAICS United States industries are identified by a six-digit code. The longer code accommodates

the large number of sectors and allows more flexibility in designing subsectors. Each product or

service is assigned a ten-digit code. The product coding structure represents an extension by the

Census Bureau of the six-digit industry classifications of the manufacturing and mining sectors.

The classification system operates so that the industrial coverage is progressively narrower with

the successive addition of digits.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
As in previous censuses, data were collected for most industries on the quantity and value of individual products shipped. Since the 1997 census programs, information is collected on the output

of almost 10,000 individual product items.

In the manufacturing sector for 2002, there are 21 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 86 industry

groups (four-digit NAICS), 184 NAICS industries (five-digit NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and Mexican classification, and 473 U.S. industries (six-digit NAICS). Product classes and

products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned codes based on the industry from

which they originate. There are 1,450 product classes (seven-digit codes), 5,674 census products,

and an additional 3,746 ten-digit product codes. The ten-digit products are considered the primary products of the industry with the same first six digits.

The list of products for which separate information was collected was prepared after consultation

with industry and government representatives.

Comparability with previous figures was given considerable weight in the selection of product categories, so that comparable 1992 information is presented for most products.

Typically, both quantity and value of shipments information were collected. However, if quantity

was not significant or could not be reported by manufacturers, only value of shipments was collected.

Shipments include both commercial shipments and transfers of products to other plants of the

same company. For industries in which a considerable portion of the total shipments is transferred to other plants of the same company, separate information on interplant transfers also was

collected. Moreover, for products that are used to a large degree within the same establishment as

materials or components in the fabrication of other products, total production and often consumption of the item within the plant (quantity produced and consumed) was collected. Typically,

the information on production also was collected for products for which there are significant differences between total production and shipments in a given year because of wide fluctuations in

finished goods inventories. Other measures of output of products with long production cycles

were used as appropriate and feasible.

PRODUCTION-WORKER HOURS

This item covers all hours worked or paid for at the manufacturing plant, including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays, or

sick leave when the employee was not at the establishment.

QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY PURCHASED FOR HEAT AND POWER

Data on the cost of purchased electric energy were collected on all census forms. However, data

on the quantity of purchased electric energy were collected only on the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) form. In addition, information is collected on the quantity of electric energy generated

by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other plants of the

same company.

RENTAL PAYMENTS

Total rental payments are collected on all census forms. However, the breakdown between rental

payments for buildings and other structures and rental payments for machinery and equipment is

collected only on the ASM forms. This item includes rental payments for the use of all items for

which depreciation reserves would be maintained, if they were owned by the establishment, e.g.,

structures and buildings, and production, office, and transportation equipment. Excluded are royalties and other payments for the use of intangibles and depletable assets and land rents where

separable.

When an establishment of a multiestablishment company was charged rent by another part of the

same company for the use of assets owned by the company, it was instructed to exclude that cost

from rental payments.

A–6 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
However, the book value (original cost) of these company-owned assets was to be reported as

assets of the establishment at the end of the year.

If there were assets at an establishment rented from another company and the rents were paid

centrally by the head office of the establishment, the company was instructed to report these

rental payments as if they were paid directly by the establishment.

RETIREMENTS OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS

Included in this item is the gross value of assets sold, retired, scrapped, destroyed, etc., during

the calendar year. When a complete operation or establishment changed ownership, the respondent was instructed to report the value of the assets sold at the original cost as recorded in the

books of the seller. The respondent also was requested to report retirements of equipment or

structures owned by a parent company that the establishment was using as if it were a tenant.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR NEW AND USED PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Represents the total new and used capital expenditures reported by establishments in operation

and any known plants under construction.

These data include expenditures for:

1. Permanent additions and major alterations to manufacturing and mining establishments.

2. New and used machinery and equipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity, if they are of the type for which depreciation, depletion, or (for mining establishments)

Office of Minerals Exploration accounts are ordinarily maintained. In addition, for mining

establishments, these data include expenditures made during the year for development and

exploration of mineral properties. For manufacturing establishments, these data are broken

down into three types.

a. Automobiles, trucks, etc. for highway use. These include vehicles acquired under a leasepurchase agreement and excludes vehicles leased or normally designed to transport materials, property, or equipment on mining, construction, petroleum development, and similar

projects. These vehicles are of such size or weight as to be normally restricted by state

laws or regulations from operating on public highways. It also excludes purchases of

vehicles that are purchased by a company for highway use.

b. Computers and peripheral data processing equipment. This item include all purchases of

computers and related equipment.

c. All other expenditures for machinery and equipment excluding automobiles and computer

equipment.

Capital expenditures include work done by contract, as well as by the establishment’s own workforce.

These data exclude expenditures for land and mineral rights and cost of maintenance and repairs

charged as current operating expenses.

VALUE ADDED

This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies,

containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work from the value of shipments (products

manufactured plus receipts for services rendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by the

addition of value added by merchandising operations (i.e., the difference between the sales value

and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the

net change in finished goods and work-in-process between the beginning- and end-of-year inventories.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments, value

added is adjusted only for the change in work-in-process inventories between the beginning and

end of year. For those industries where value of work done is collected, the value added does not

include an adjustment for the change in finished goods or work-in-process inventories.

“Value added” avoids the duplication in the figure for value of shipments that results from the use

of products of some establishments as materials by others. Value added is considered to be the

best value measure available for comparing the relative economic importance of manufacturing

among industries and geographic areas.

VALUE OF SHIPMENTS

This item covers the received or receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and

taxes), of all products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as all miscellaneous receipts,

such as receipts for contract work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of scrap, and

sales of products bought and sold without further processing. Included are all items made by or

for the establishments from material owned by it, whether sold, transferred to other plants of the

same company, or shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products made in one plant

on a contract basis from materials owned by another was reported by the plant providing the

materials.

In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer was requested to report the value of products transferred to other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial

value, including not only the direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of “all

other costs” (including company overhead) and profit.

In addition to the value for NAICS defined products, aggregates of the following categories of miscellaneous receipts are reported as part of a total establishment’s value of product shipments:

Reported contract work — receipts for work or services that a plant performed for others on their

materials. Value of resales — sales of products brought and sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly. Other miscellaneous receipts — such as repair work, installation, sales of

scrap, etc.

Industry primary product value of shipments represents one of the three components of value of

shipments. These components are: Primary products value of shipments. Secondary product value

of shipments. Total miscellaneous receipts.

Primary product shipments is used in the calculations of industry specialization ratio and industry

coverage ratio. The term “Value of primary products shipments made in this industry” is used in

this publication and refers to the same data.

Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of shipments figures for industry groups and for

all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication since, the products of some

industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the addition of

related industries representing successive stages in the production of a finished manufactured

product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the food group and the addition of

pulp mills to paper mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to approximate twothirds of the total value of products reported in the annual survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is significant within a number of industry

groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials

consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual manufacturing industries or

geographic areas because of the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other processing

costs of value of shipments, both among industries and within the same industry.

A–8 Appendix A Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments were not published for some industries that

included considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been published for all industries at

the U.S. level and beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.

Specialization and coverage ratio

These items are not collected on the report forms, but are derived from the data shown in Table 3.

An establishment is classified in a particular industry, if its shipments of primary products of that

industry exceed in value its shipments of the products of any other single industry.

An establishment’s shipments include those products assigned to an industry (primary products),

those considered primary to other industries (secondary products), and receipts for miscellaneous

activities (merchandising, contract work, resales, etc.).

Specialization and coverage ratio have been developed to measure the relationship of primary

product shipments to the data on shipments for the industry shown in Tables 1 through 5 and

data on product shipments shown in Tables 6a and 6b.

Specialization ratio represents the ratio of primary product shipments to total product shipments

(primary and secondary, excluding miscellaneous receipts) for the establishments classified in the

industry.

Coverage ratio represents the ratio of primary products shipped by the establishments classified

in the industry to the total shipments of such products that are shipped by all manufacturing

establishments wherever classified.

Manufacturing Appendix A A–9

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix B.

NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

339116 DENTAL LABORATORIES

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing dentures,

crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances customized for individual application.

Manufacturing Appendix B B–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix C.

Methodology

SOURCES OF THE DATA

The manufacturing sector includes approximately 350,000 establishments. This number includes

those industries in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) definition of manufacturing. The amount of information requested from manufacturing establishments was dependent upon a number of factors. The more important considerations were the size of the company

and whether it was included in the Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM).

Establishments in the 2002 Economic Census are divided into those sent report forms and those

not sent report forms. The coverage of and the method of obtaining census information from each

are described below:

1. Establishments sent a report form:

a. ASM sample establishments. This group accounts for approximately 15 percent of all

manufacturing establishments. The ASM panel covers all the units of large manufacturing

establishments, as well as a sample of the medium and smaller establishments. The probability of selection was proportionate to size. For more information, see the Description of

the ASM Survey Sample.

In an economic census year, the ASM report form (MA-10000) replaces the first page of the

regular census form for those establishments included in the ASM. In addition to information on employment, payroll, and other items normally requested on the regular census

form, establishments in the ASM sample were requested to supply additional information

on gross book value of assets and capital expenditures. ASM establishments were also

requested to provide information on retirements, depreciation, rental payments, and

supplemental labor costs. For establishments not included in the ASM, these additional

items were estimated using relationships observed in the ASM establishment data. The census statistics for these variables are a sum of the ASM establishment data and the estimated data for non-ASM establishments. ASM establishments were also requested to provide information for selected purchased services. The census statistics for the purchased

service items were derived solely from the ASM establishments. See Appendix A. Explanation of Terms, for an explanation of these items. The census part of the report form is 1 of

220 versions containing product, material, and special inquiries. The diversity of manufacturing activities necessitated the use of this many forms to canvass the 473 manufacturing

industries. Each form was developed for a group of related industries.

Appearing on each form was a list of products primary to the group of related industries,

as well as secondary products and miscellaneous services that establishments classified in

these industries were likely to perform. Respondents were requested to identify the products, the value of each product, and, in certain cases, the quantity of the product shipped

during the survey year. Space also was provided for the respondent to describe products

not specifically identified on the form.

The report form also contained a materials-consumed inquiry, which varied from form to

form depending on the industries being canvassed. The respondents were asked to review

a list of materials generally used in their production processes. From this list, each establishment was requested to identify those materials consumed during the survey year, the

cost of each, and, in certain cases, the quantity consumed. Once again, space was provided

Manufacturing Appendix C C–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
for the respondent to describe significant materials not listed on the form.

A wide variety of special inquiries were included to measure activities peculiar to a given

industry, such as operations performed and equipment used.

b. Large and medium establishments (non-ASM). Approximately 30 percent of all manufacturing establishments were included in this group. A variable cutoff, based on administrativerecord payroll data and determined on an industry-by-industry basis, was used to select

those establishments that were to receive 1 of the 220 economic census — manufacturing

regular forms. The first page, requesting establishment data for items such as employment

and payroll, was standard but did not contain the detailed statistics included on the ASM

form. The product, material, and special inquiry sections supplied were based on the historical industry classification of the establishment.

c. Small single-establishment companies (non-ASM). This group includes approximately 15

percent of all manufacturing establishments. For those industries where application of the

variable cutoff for administrative-record cases resulted in a large number of small establishments being included in the mail canvass, an abbreviated “short form” was used. These

establishments received 1 of the 31 versions of the short form, which requested summary

product and material data and totals but no details on employment, payroll, cost of materials, inventories, and capital expenditures.

Use of the short form has no adverse effect on published totals for the industry statistics,

because the same data were collected on the short form as on the long form. However,

detailed information on products and materials consumed was not collected on the short

form; thus, its use would increase the value of the “not specified by kind” (nsk) categories.

2. Establishments not sent a report form:

a. Small single-establishment companies not sent a report form. Approximately 40 percent of

the manufacturing establishments were small single-establishment companies that were

excused from filing a census report. Selection of these establishments was based on two

factors: annual payroll and the Census Bureau’s ability to assign the correct six-digit NAICS

industry classification to the establishment. For each six-digit NAICS industry code, an

annual payroll cutoff was determined. These cutoffs were derived so that the establishments with payroll less than the cutoff were expected to account for no more than 3 percent of the value of shipments for the industry. Generally, all single-establishment companies with less than 5 employees were excused, while all establishments with more than 20

employees were mailed forms. Establishments below the cutoff that could not be directly

assigned a six-digit NAICS code were mailed a classification report that requested information for assigning NAICS industry codes. Establishments below the cutoff that could be

directly assigned a six-digit NAICS code were excused from filing any report. For below cutoff establishments, information on the physical location, payroll, and receipts was obtained

from the administrative records of other federal agencies under special arrangements that

safeguarded their confidentiality.

Estimates of data for these small establishments were developed using industry averages

in conjunction with the administrative information. The value of shipments and cost of

materials were not distributed among specific products and materials for these establishments, but were included in the product and material “not specified by kind” (nsk) categories.

The industry classification codes included in the administrative-record files were assigned

on the basis of brief descriptions of the general activity of the establishment. As a result,

an indeterminate number of establishments were erroneously coded to a six-digit NAICS

industry. This was especially true whenever there was a relatively fine line of demarcation

between industries or between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing activity.

Sometimes the administrative-record cases had only two- or three-digit NAICS group classification codes available in the files. For manufacturing, these establishments were sent a

C–2 Appendix C Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
separate classification form, which requested information on the products and services of

the establishment. This form was used to code many of these establishments to the appropriate six-digit NAICS level. Establishments that did not return the classification form were

coded later to those six-digit NAICS industries identified as “All other” industries within the

given subsector.

As a result of these situations, a number of small establishments may have been misclassified by industry. However, such possible misclassification has no significant effect on the

statistics, other than on the number of companies and establishments.

The total establishment count for individual industries should be viewed as an approximation rather than a precise measurement. The counts for establishments with 20 employees

or more are far more reliable than the count of total number of establishments.

b. All nonemployers, i.e., all firms subject to federal income tax, with no paid employees, during 2002 are excluded as in previous censuses. Data for nonemployers are not included in

this report, but are released in the annual Nonemployer Statistics series.

The report forms used to collect information for establishments in this sector are available at

help.econ.census.gov/econhelp/resources/.

A more detailed examination of census methodology is presented in the History of the Economic

Census at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

The classifications for all establishments covered in the 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing

are classified in 1 of 473 industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), United States, 2002 manual. There were no changes

between the 2002 edition and the 1997 edition affecting this sector. When applicable, Appendix F

of this report shows the product class and product comparability between the two systems for

data in this report.

In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as a group of establishments that have similar production processes. To the extent practical, the system uses supply-based or productionoriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by manufacture, value of shipments, and number of

employees.

The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with

successive additions of numerical digits. In the manufacturing sector for 2002, there are 21 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 86 industry groups (four-digit NAICS), 184 NAICS industries (five-digit

NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and Mexican classification, and 473 U.S. industries (sixdigit NAICS). Product classes and products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned

codes based on the industry from which they originate. There are 1,450 product classes (sevendigit codes), 5,674 census products, and an additional 3,746 ten-digit product codes. The tendigit products are considered the primary products of the industry with the same first six digits.

For the 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing, all establishments were classified in particular

industries based on the products they produced. If an establishment made products of more than

one industry, it was classified in the industry with the largest product value. For 2002, there were

no “resistance rules” or “frozen industries.”

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM sample with certainty weights are reclassified

by industry only if the change in the primary activity from the prior year is significant or if the

change has occurred for 2 successive years. This procedure prevents reclassification when there

are minor shifts in product mix.

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM sample with noncertainty weight are not shifted

from one industry classification to another. They are retained in the industry where they were classified in the base census year. However, in the following census year, these ASM plants are

allowed to shift from one industry to another.

Manufacturing Appendix C C–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
The results of these rules covering the switching of plants from one industry classification to

another are that some industries comprise different mixes of establishments in different survey

years. Hence, comparisons between prior-year and current-year published totals, particularly at

the six-digit NAICS level, should be viewed with caution. This is particularly true for the comparison between the data shown for a census year versus the data shown for the previous ASM year.

As previously noted, the small establishments that may have been misclassified by industry are

usually administrative-record cases whose industry codes were assigned on the basis of incomplete descriptions of the general activity of the establishment. Such possible misclassifications

have no significant effect on the statistics other than on the number of companies and establishments.

Establishments frequently make products classified both in their industry (primary products) and

other industries (secondary products). Industry statistics (employment, payroll, value added by

manufacture, value of shipments, etc.) reflect the activities of the establishments that may make

both primary and secondary products. Product statistics, however, represent the output of all

establishments without regard for the classification of the producing establishment. For this reason, when relating the industry statistics, especially the value of shipments, to the product statistics, the composition of the industry’s output should be considered.

The extent to which industry and product statistics may be matched with each other is measured

by the primary product specialization ratio and the coverage ratio. The primary product specialization ratio is the proportion of industry shipments accounted for by the primary products of

establishments classified in the industry. The coverage ratio is the proportion of product shipments accounted for by establishments classified in the industry.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing is conducted on an establishment basis. A company

operating at more than one location is required to file a separate report for each location or establishment. The ASM also is conducted on an establishment basis, but separate reports are filed for

just those establishments selected in the sample. Companies engaged in distinctly different lines

of activity at one location are requested to submit separate reports, if the plant records permit

such a separation and if the activities are substantial in size.

In 2002, as in earlier years, a minimum size limit was set for inclusion of establishments in the

census. All establishments employing one person or more at any time during the census year are

included. The same size limitation has applied since 1947 in censuses and annual surveys of

manufactures. In the 1939 and earlier censuses, establishments with less than $5,000 value of

products were excluded. The change in the minimum size limit in 1947 does not appreciably

affect the historical comparability of the census figures, except for data on number of establishments for a few industries.

The 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing excludes data for central administrative offices

(CAOs). These would include separately operated administrative offices, warehouses, garages, and

other auxiliary units that service manufacturing establishments of the same company. These data

are published in a separate report series.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM SURVEY SAMPLE

The ASM sample is drawn for the second survey year after a census. The most recent sample was

drawn for the 1999 survey year based on the 1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing. This

sample will be in place through the 2003 ASM.

In 1997, there were approximately 370,000 individual manufacturing establishments. For sample

efficiency and cost considerations, the establishments in the 1997 manufacturing population were

partitioned into two components for developing estimates within the ASM. The details of each are

described below:

1. Mail stratum. The mail stratum of the survey is comprised of larger single-location manufacturing companies and all manufacturing establishments of multiunit companies (companies

C–4 Appendix C Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
that operate at more than one physical location). Approximately 200,000 of the 370,000

establishments in the 1997 census were assigned to the mail stratum. On an annual basis, the

mail stratum is supplemented with larger, newly active single-location companies identified

from a list provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and new manufacturing locations of

multiunit companies identified from the Census Bureau’s Company Organization Survey (COS).

For the 1999 survey, a new sample of approximately 58,000 individual establishments was

selected from the mail stratum assembled from the 1997 census. Supplemental samples representing both 1998 and 1999 births (newly active establishments that were not included in

the 1997 census) were also selected. Establishments selected for the sample are mailed an

ASM survey questionnaire for each year through 2003.

The 1999-2003 ASM sample design is similar to the one used since 1984. Companies in the

1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing with manufacturing shipments of at least $500 million were defined as company certainties. For these large companies, each manufacturing

establishment is included in the mail sample. For the 1999-2003 sample, there are approximately 500 certainty companies collectively accounting for over 18,000 establishments.

For the remaining portion of the mail component of the survey, the establishment was defined

as the sample unit. All establishments with 250 employees or more were defined as employment certainties. Across these arbitrary certainty classes, there were approximately 25,000

establishments included in the sample with certainty. Collectively, these certainty establishments accounted for approximately 80 percent of the total value of shipments in the 1997

Economic Census — Manufacturing.

Smaller establishments in the remaining portion of the mail stratum were sampled with probabilities ranging from .02 to 1.00. The initial probabilities of selection assigned to these

establishments were proportionate to a measure-of-size determined for each establishment.

The measure-of-size was a function of the establishment’s 1997 industry classification and its

1997 product class data. For each product class (1,755) and six-digit industry (473), a desired

reliability constraint was specified. Using a technique developed by Dr. James R. Chromy of

the Research Triangle Institute, the initial establishment probabilities were optimized such

that the expected sample satisfied all industry and product class reliability constraints, while

the sample size was minimized. This technique reduces the likelihood of selecting nonrepresentative samples for individual product classes or industries.

This method of assigning probabilities based on product class shipments is motivated by the

Census Bureau’s primary desire to produce reliable estimates of both product class and industry shipments. The high correlation between shipments and employment, value-added, and

other general statistics assures that these variables will also be well represented by the

sample. The actual sample selection procedure uses an independent chance of selection

method (Poisson sampling) that permits us to prevent small establishments from being

selected in consecutive samples without introducing a bias into the survey estimates.

2. Nonmail stratum. The initial nonmail component of the survey was comprised of approximately 170,000 small, single-establishment companies that were tabulated as administrative

records in the 1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing. The nonmail stratum is also supplemented annually using the list of newly active single-location companies provided by the

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and payroll cutoffs. Companies with payroll below the payroll

cutoff are added to the nonmail stratum. For this portion of the population, sampling is not

used. The data for this group are estimated based on selected information obtained annually

from the administrative records of the IRS and Social Security Administration (SSA). This

administrative information, which includes payroll, total employment, industry classification,

and physical location, is obtained under conditions which safeguard the confidentiality of

both tax and census records.

RELIABILITY OF DATA

All data compiled in the economic census are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors

can be attributed to many sources during the development or execution of the census. The following are two ways that further explain this method: ASM Estimating Procedure. Most of the ASM

Manufacturing Appendix C C–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
estimates derived for the mail stratum are computed using a difference estimator. At the establishment level, there is a strong correlation between the current-year data values and the corresponding 1997 (base) data values. Therefore, within the mailed stratum, for each item at each level of

aggregation, an estimate of the “difference” between the current year and the base year is computed from sample cases and added to the corresponding base-year values. For the 1998-2002

ASM estimates, the 1997 Economic Census — Manufacturing values serve as the base year. For

the 2003 ASM, the base will be updated to be the 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing.

Due to the positive year-to-year correlation, estimates derived using this methodology are generally more reliable than comparable estimates developed from the current sample data alone. Estimates for the capital expenditures variables are not generated using the difference estimator

because the year-to-year correlations are considerably weaker. The standard linear estimator is

used for these variables.

For the nonmail stratum, estimates for payroll and employment are directly tabulated from the

administrative-record data provided by IRS and SSA. Estimates of data other than payroll and

employment are developed from industry averages. Although the nonmail stratum contained

approximately 170,000 individual establishments in 1999, it accounts for less than 2 percent of

the estimate for total value of shipments at the total manufacturing level.

Corresponding estimates for the mail and nonmail components are combined to produce the estimates included in this publication. ASM Data Qualifications. The estimates developed from the

sample are apt to differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all companies in the

sample lists, but otherwise conducted under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample

survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling errors (the difference between the estimates obtained and the results theoretically obtained from a comparable, complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard errors of estimates.

The particular sample selected for the ASM is one of many similar probability samples that, by

chance, might have been selected under the same specifications. Each of the possible samples

would yield somewhat different sets of results, and the standard errors are measures of the variation of all the possible sample estimates around the theoretically comparable, complete-coverage

values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computed from the sample data for selected ASM statistics in this report. They are represented in the form of relative standard errors (the standard

errors divided by the estimated values to which they refer).

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative standard error may be used to define confidence intervals (ranges that would include the comparable, complete-coverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples).

The complete-coverage value would be included in the range:

• From one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate for about twothirds of all possible samples.

• From two standard errors below to two standard errors above the derived estimate for about 19

out of 20 of all possible samples.

• From three standard errors below to three standard errors above the derived estimate for nearly

all samples.

An inference that the comparable, complete-survey result would be within the indicated ranges

would be correct in approximately the relative frequencies shown. Those proportions, therefore,

may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular sample would

differ from complete-coverage results by as much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively.

C–6 Appendix C Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at 50,000 with an associated relative standard

error of 2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of 50,000). There is approximately

67 percent confidence that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the complete-coverage total,

about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage

total, and almost certain confidence that the interval 47,000 to 53,000 includes the completecoverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational

errors: errors of collection, reporting, coding, transcription, imputation for nonresponse, etc.

These operational errors also would occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under the

same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of their effects generally are not available. However, it is believed that most of the important operational errors were detected and corrected during the Census Bureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small operational errors usually remain. To some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals

shown. When important operational errors were detected too late to correct the estimates, the

data were suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included part of the effect of the operational errors. The

total errors, which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures

shown in the tables in this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 15 percent

may be combined with higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which then may be of

acceptable reliability.

DUPLICATION IN COST OF MATERIALS AND VALUE OF SHIPMENTS

Data for cost of materials and value of shipments include varying amounts of duplication, especially at higher levels of aggregation. This is because the products of one establishment may be

the materials of another. The value added statistics avoid this duplication and are, for most purposes, the best measure for comparing the relative economic importance of industries and geographic areas.

VALUE OF INDUSTRY SHIPMENTS COMPARED WITH VALUE OF PRODUCT SHIPMENTS

The 2002 Economic Census — Manufacturing shows value of shipments data for industries and

products. In the industry statistics tables and files, these data represent the total value of shipments of all establishments classified in a particular industry. The data include the shipments of

the products classified in the industry (primary to the industry), products classified in other industries (secondary to the industry), and miscellaneous receipts (repair work, sale of scrap, research

and development, installation receipts, and resales). Value of product shipments shown in the

products statistics tables and files represent the total value of all products shipped that are classified as primary to an industry regardless of the classification of the producing establishment.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no

data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company.

However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considered

a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at

www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics files is based on the total value of shipments.

When the total value of shipments cannot be shown without disclosing information for individual

companies, the complete line is suppressed except for capital expenditures. Nonetheless, the suppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for

capital expenditures, which can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are published.

Manufacturing Appendix C C–7

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix D.

Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

2002 Economic Census Appendix D D–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix E.

Metropolitan Areas and Micropolitan

Statistical Areas

Not applicable for this report.

2002 Economic Census Appendix E E–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
Appendix F.

Comparability of Product Classes and

Product Codes: 2002 to 1997

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3391114 3391137 3391137

3391114100 3391137100 3391137100

3391116 3391125 3391123

3391116102 3391125106 3391123106

3391116105 3391125111 3391123111

3391116109 3391125116 3391123116

3391116YWV 3391125YWV 3391123YWV

3391118 3391110 pt 3391110 pt

3391118120 3391110230 3391110230

3391118240 3391110110 3391110110

3391118YWV 3391110YWW pt 3391110YWW pt

339111W pt 3391110 pt 3391110 pt

339111W pt 339112W pt 339112W pt

339111W pt 339113W pt 339113W pt

339111WYWW pt 3391110YWW pt 3391110YWW pt

339111WYWW pt 339112WYWW pt 339112WYWW pt

339111WYWW pt 339113WYWW pt 339113WYWW pt

339111WYWY pt 3391110YWY 3391110YWY 339111WYWY pt 339112WYWY pt 339112WYWY pt

339111WYWY pt 339113WYWY pt 339113WYWY pt

3391120 pt 3391121 pt 3391121 pt

3391120 pt 339112W pt 339112W pt

3391120101 3391121101 3391121101

3391120106 3391121106 3391121106

3391120211 3391121211 3391121211 3391120216 3391121216 3391121216

3391120321 3391121321 3391121321

3391120326 3391121326 3391121326 3391120431 3391121431 3391121431 3391120536 3391121536 3391121536 3391120641 3391121641 3391121641 3391120646 3391121646 3391121646

3391120651 3391121651 3391121651

3391120671 pt 3391121671 pt 3391121656 3391120671 pt 3391121671 pt 3391121661 pt

3391120766 3391121766 3391121766

3391120YWW pt 3391121YWV pt 3391121YWV pt

3391120YWW pt 339112WYWW pt 339112WYWW pt

3391120YWY 339112WYWY pt 339112WYWY pt

3391132 pt 3262995 pt 3262995 pt

3391132 pt 3391131 3391131 3391132101 3391131101 3391131101 3391132104 3391131104 3391131104 3391132207 3391131207 3391131207 3391132211 3391131211 3391131211 3391132214 3391131214 3391131214 3391132221 3391131221 3391131221 3391132224 3391131224 3391131224 3391132227 3391131227 3391131227 3391132231 3391131231 3391131231 3391132235 pt 3391131234 pt 3391131217

3391132235 pt 3391131234 pt 3391131234

3391132337 3391131337 3391131337

3391132341 3391131341 3391131341

3391132344 3391131344 3391131344

3391132347 3391131347 3391131347

3391132351 3391131351 3391131351

3391132354 3391131354 3391131354

3391132457 3391131457 3391131457

3391132581 3391131581 3391131581

3391132584 3391131584 3391131584

3391132587 3391131587 3391131587

3391132588 3391131588 3391131591 pt

3391132592 3391131592 3391131591 pt

3391132594 3391131594 3391131594

3391132667 3391131567 3391131567

3391132669 3262995151 3262995151

3391132671 3391131571 3391131571

3391132674 3391131574 3391131574

3391132677 3391131577 3391131577

3391132YWV pt 3262995YWV pt 3262995YWV pt

3391132YWV pt 3391131YWV 3391131YWV

3391136 pt 3262998 pt 3262998 pt

3391136 pt 3262999 pt 3262999 pt

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3391136 pt 3391136 3391135

3391136101 3391136101 3391135101

3391136106 3391136106 3391135106

3391136111 3391136111 3391135111

3391136114 3262998111 3262998111

3391136116 pt 3262998125 3262998121 pt

3391136116 pt 3391136116 3391135116

3391136121 3391136121 3391135121

3391136131 pt 3262999156 3262999155 pt

3391136131 pt 3391136126 3391135126

3391136YWV pt 3262998YWV pt 3262998YWV pt

3391136YWV pt 3262999YWV pt 3262999YWV pt

3391136YWV pt 3391136YWV 3391135YWV

339113W pt 326299W pt 326299W pt

339113W pt 339113W pt 339113W pt

339113WYWW pt 326299WYWW pt 326299WYWW pt

339113WYWW pt 339113WYWW pt 339113WYWW pt

339113WYWY pt 326299WYWY pt 326299WYWY pt

339113WYWY pt 339113WYWY pt 339113WYWY pt

3391141 3391141 3391141

3391141101 3391141101 3391141101

3391141106 3391141106 3391141106

3391141111 3391141111 3391141111

3391141116 3391141116 3391141116

3391141121 3391141121 3391141121 3391141226 3391141226 3391141226

3391141231 3391141231 3391141231

3391141236 3391141236 3391141236

3391141241 3391141241 3391141241

3391141246 3391141246 3391141246

3391141YWV 3391141YWV 3391141YWV

3391143 3391143 3391143

3391143101 3391143101 3391143101

3391143106 3391143106 3391143106

3391143111 3391143111 3391143111 3391143116 3391143116 3391143116

3391143121 3391143121 3391143121

3391143YWV 3391143YWV 3391143YWV

339114W 339114W 339114W 339114WYWW 339114WYWW 339114WYWW 339114WYWY 339114WYWY 339114WYWY

3391151 3391151 3391151 3391151101 3391151101 3391151101 3391151106 3391151106 3391151106 3391151121 pt 3391151121 pt 3391151111 3391151121 pt 3391151121 pt 3391151116 3391151YWV 3391151YWV 3391151YWV

3391153 3391153 3391153

3391153101 3391153101 3391153101

3391153106 3391153106 3391153106

3391153YWV 3391153YWV 3391153YWV

3391155 3391155 3391155

3391155101 3391155101 3391155101

3391155206 3391155206 3391155206

3391155YWV 3391155YWV 3391155YWV

3391157 3391157 3391157 3391157101 3391157101 3391157101 3391157206 3391157206 3391157206 3391157YWV 3391157YWV 3391157YWV

339115B 339115B 339115B

339115B101 339115B104 339115B101

339115B106 339115B106 339115B106 339115B117 pt 339115B117 pt 339115B111 339115B117 pt 339115B117 pt 339115B116 339115B117 pt 339115B117 pt 339115B121

339115B125 339115B102 339115B125

339115BYWV 339115BYWV 339115BYWV

339115W 339115W 339115W

339115WYWW 339115WYWW 339115WYWW

339115WYWY 339115WYWY 339115WYWY

3391160 3391160 3391160

3391160100 3391160100 3391160100

3391160YWW 3391160YWW 3391160YWW

3391160YWY 3391160YWY 3391160YWY

3399111 3399111 3399111

3399111206 3399111206 3399111206

3399111421 3399111621 3399111421

3399111601 3399111301 3399111101

3399111611 3399111311 3399111311

3399111726 3399111726 3399111526

3399111731 3399111731 3399111531

3399111816 3399111516 3399111516

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3399111YWV 3399111YWV 3399111YWV

3399113 3399113 3399113

3399113101 3399113101 3399113101

3399113111 3399113111 3399113111

3399113121 pt 3399113121 pt 3399113106

3399113121 pt 3399113121 pt 3399113116

3399113YWV 3399113YWV 3399113YWV

3399115 3399115 3399115

3399115101 3399115101 3399115101

3399115111 3399115111 3399115111

3399115114 pt 3399115114 pt 3399115106

3399115114 pt 3399115114 pt 3399115116

3399115118 3399115118 3399115118 3399115121 3399115121 3399115121 3399115YWV 3399115YWV 3399115YWV

3399117 3321165 pt 3321165 pt

3399117100 pt 3321165293 3321165291 pt

3399117100 pt 3321165YWV pt 3321165YWV pt

339911W pt 332116W pt 332116W pt

339911W pt 339911W 339911W 339911WYWW pt 332116WYWW pt 332116WYWW pt

339911WYWW pt 339911WYWW 339911WYWW 339911WYWY pt 332116WYWY pt 332116WYWY pt

339911WYWY pt 339911WYWY 339911WYWY

3399122 pt 3399122 pt 3399121 pt

3399122 pt 3399125 pt 3399123 pt

3399122106 3399122106 3399121106 pt

3399122121 3399122121 3399121121

3399122161 pt 3399122161 pt 3399121101

3399122161 pt 3399122161 pt 3399121111

3399122161 pt 3399122161 pt 3399121116

3399122161 pt 3399122161 pt 3399121YWV pt 3399122181 3399125181 3399123126 pt

3399122YWV pt 3399122YWV pt 3399121YWV pt

3399122YWV pt 3399125YWV pt 3399123YWV pt

3399125 3399125 pt 3399123 pt

3399125131 3399125131 3399123106 pt

3399125151 3399125151 3399123101

3399125171 pt 3399125171 pt 3399123111

3399125171 pt 3399125171 pt 3399123116

3399125171 pt 3399125171 pt 3399123YWV pt

3399125191 3399125191 3399123126 pt

3399125YWV 3399125YWV pt 3399123YWV pt

339912W 339912W pt 339912W pt

339912WYWW 339912WYWW pt 339912WYWW pt

339912WYWY 339912WYWY pt 339912WYWY pt

3399132 3399132 pt 3399131 pt

3399132100 pt 3399132121 3399131100 pt

3399132100 pt 3399132YWV pt 3399131100 pt

3399133 3399133 3399133 3399133406 3399133206 3399133206 3399133408 3399133208 3399133101 3399133411 3399133211 3399133211 3399133416 3399133216 3399133316 3399133YWV 3399133YWV 3399133YWV

3399135 3399135 3399135

3399135100 3399135100 3399135100

339913W 339913W pt 339913W pt

339913WYWW 339913WYWW pt 339913WYWW pt

339913WYWY 339913WYWY pt 339913WYWY pt

3399140 3399140 3399140

3399140301 3399140201 3399140201

3399140311 3399140211 3399140111

3399140316 3399140216 3399140216

3399140324 pt 3399140224 pt 3399140206 3399140324 pt 3399140224 pt 3399140221 pt 3399140426 3399140326 3399140226 3399140431 3399140331 3399140221 pt

3399140YWW pt 3399140YWW pt 3399140118 3399140YWW pt 3399140YWW pt 3399140YWW 3399140YWY 3399140YWY 3399140YWY

3399201 3399201 3399201 3399201101 3399201101 3399201101 3399201106 3399201106 3399201106

3399201111 3399201111 3399201111

3399201116 3399201116 3399201116

3399201121 3399201121 3399201121

3399201126 3399201126 3399201126

3399201131 3399201131 3399201131

3399201YWV 3399201YWV 3399201YWV

Manufacturing Appendix F F–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3399203 3399203 3399203

3399203101 3399203101 3399203101

3399203206 3399203206 3399203206

3399203311 3399203311 3399203311

3399203416 3399203416 3399203416

3399203421 3399203421 3399203421

3399203YWV 3399203YWV 3399203YWV

3399205 3399205 3399205 3399205101 3399205101 3399205101 3399205106 3399205106 3399205106 3399205YWV 3399205YWV 3399205YWV

3399207 3399207 3399207

3399207101 3399207101 3399207101

3399207111 3399207111 3399207111

3399207131 3399207131 3399207131

3399207141 3399207141 3399207141

3399207198 pt 3399207198 pt 3399207121

3399207198 pt 3399207198 pt 3399207151

3399207198 pt 3399207198 pt 3399207199

3399207YWV 3399207YWV 3399207YWV

339920A pt 3262998 pt 3262998 pt

339920A pt 3399209 3399209

339920A101 3399209101 3399209101

339920A106 3399209106 3399209106

339920A111 3399209111 3399209111

339920A116 3399209116 3399209116 339920A118 3399209118 3399209121 339920A11A 339920911A 339920911A 339920A11F 339920911F 339920911F 339920A11L pt 3262998128 3262998121 pt

339920A11L pt 339920911K 339920911K 339920A11N 339920911N 339920912U pt

339920A11P 339920911P 339920911P 339920A11R pt 339920911R pt 339920911U 339920A11R pt 339920911R pt 339920911Y

339920A11V 339920911V 339920912A 339920A12C 339920912C 3399209141 339920A12H pt 339920912H pt 3399209126 339920A12H pt 339920912H pt 339920912F 339920A12H pt 339920912H pt 3399209131 339920A12H pt 339920912H pt 3399209136 339920A12H pt 339920912H pt 3399209146

339920A12H pt 339920912H pt 3399209151 pt

339920A156 3399209156 3399209156

339920A166 3399209166 3399209166

339920A181 3399209181 3399209181

339920A186 3399209186 3399209186

339920A193 3399209193 3399209193

339920A194 3399209194 3399209196

339920A195 pt 3399209195 pt 3399209171

339920A195 pt 3399209195 pt 3399209191

339920A197 3399209197 339920912P

339920A199 pt 3399209199 pt 339920912K

339920A199 pt 3399209199 pt 339920912U pt

339920A199 pt 3399209199 pt 3399209151 pt

339920A199 pt 3399209199 pt 3399209161

339920A199 pt 3399209199 pt 3399209176

339920AYWV pt 3262998YWV pt 3262998YWV pt

339920AYWV pt 3399209YWV 3399209YWV

339920W pt 326299W pt 326299W pt

339920W pt 339920W 339920W

339920WYWW pt 326299WYWW pt 326299WYWW pt

339920WYWW pt 339920WYWW 339920WYWW

339920WYWY pt 326299WYWY pt 326299WYWY pt

339920WYWY pt 339920WYWY 339920WYWY

3399310 3399310 pt 3399310 pt

3399310106 pt 3399310106 pt 3399310106

3399310106 pt 3399310106 pt 3399310131 pt

3399310111 pt 3399310111 pt 3399310111

3399310111 pt 3399310111 pt 3399310131 pt

3399310301 3399310301 3399310301

3399310321 3399310321 3399310321

3399310326 3399310326 3399310326

3399310516 3399310516 3399310216

3399310YWW 3399310YWW pt 3399310YWW pt

3399310YWY 3399310YWY pt 3399310YWY pt

3399322 3399322 pt 3399321 pt

3399322101 3399322101 3399321101

3399322106 3399322106 3399321106

3399322111 3399322141 3399321111

3399322131 3399322131 3399321116 pt

3399322YWV 3399322YWV pt 3399321YWV pt

3399326 pt 3399325 pt 3399323 pt

3399326 pt 3399325 pt 3399325

3399326 pt 339999K pt 339999H pt

3399326102 pt 3399325102 pt 3399323111 pt

3399326102 pt 3399325102 pt 3399325101

3399326106 3399325106 3399325106

3399326116 3399325116 3399325116

3399326118 3399325118 3399325111

3399326121 3399325121 3399325121

3399326227 pt 3399325226 3399325226

3399326227 pt 339999K149 339999H151 pt

3399326231 3399325231 3399325231

3399326236 3399325236 3399325236

3399326YWV pt 3399325YWV pt 3399323YWV pt

3399326YWV pt 3399325YWV pt 3399325YWV

3399326YWV pt 339999KYWV pt 339999HYWV pt

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3399327 3399324 3399327

3399327301 3399324201 3399327101

3399327306 3399324206 3399327206

3399327311 3399324211 3399327211

3399327316 3399324216 3399327216

3399327321 3399324221 3399327221

3399327326 3399324226 3399327226

3399327YWV 3399324YWV 3399327YWV

3399328 pt 3262999 pt 3262999 pt

3399328 pt 3399328 3399323 pt

3399328116 3399328116 3399323116

3399328121 3399328121 3399323121

3399328141 pt 3399328141 pt 3399323126

3399328141 pt 3399328141 pt 3399323131

3399328251 3399328251 3399323451

3399328366 3399328366 3399323566

3399328446 3399328446 3399323346

3399328511 3399328511 3399323261 3399328521 3399328521 3399323201 3399328531 3399328531 3399323241

3399328551 pt 3262999145 3262999145

3399328551 pt 3399328551 pt 3399323111 pt

3399328551 pt 3399328551 pt 3399323206

3399328551 pt 3399328551 pt 3399323236

3399328551 pt 3399328551 pt 3399323256 3399328551 pt 3399328551 pt 3399323276

3399328571 3399328571 3399323271

3399328YWV pt 3262999YWV pt 3262999YWV pt

3399328YWV pt 3399328YWV 3399323YWV pt

3399329 3399326 3399329

3399329100 3399326100 3399329100

339932W pt 326299W pt 326299W pt

339932W pt 339932W pt 339932W pt

339932W pt 339999W pt 339999W pt

339932WYWW pt 326299WYWW pt 326299WYWW pt

339932WYWW pt 339932WYWW pt 339932WYWW pt

339932WYWW pt 339999WYWW pt 339999WYWW pt

339932WYWY pt 326299WYWY pt 326299WYWY pt

339932WYWY pt 339932WYWY pt 339932WYWY pt

339932WYWY pt 339999WYWY pt 339999WYWY pt

3399411 3399411 3399411 3399411101 3399411101 3399411101 3399411206 3399411206 3399411206 3399411311 3399411311 3399411311 3399411YWV 3399411YWV 3399411YWV

3399413 3399413 3399413 3399413101 3399413101 3399413101 3399413206 3399413206 3399413206 3399413YWV 3399413YWV 3399413YWV

3399415 3399415 3399415

3399415101 3399415101 3399415101 3399415113 pt 3399415113 pt 3399415106 3399415113 pt 3399415113 pt 3399415111 3399415116 3399415116 3399415116 3399415YWV 3399415YWV 3399415YWV

339941W 339941W 339941W

339941WYWW 339941WYWW 339941WYWW

339941WYWY 339941WYWY 339941WYWY

3399421 3399421 3399421

3399421101 3399421101 3399421101

3399421106 3399421106 3399421106

3399421211 3399421211 3399421211

3399421316 3399421316 3399421316

3399421YWV 3399421YWV 3399421YWV

3399423 3399423 3399423

3399423101 3399423101 3399423101

3399423206 3399423206 3399423206

3399423YWV 3399423YWV 3399423YWV

3399427 pt 333313E pt 333313D pt

3399427 pt 3399427 pt 3399425 pt

3399427100 pt 333313E111 333313D000 pt

3399427100 pt 333313EYWV pt 333313D000 pt

3399427100 pt 3399427111 3399425000 pt

3399427100 pt 3399427YWV pt 3399425000 pt

339942W pt 333313W pt 333313W pt

339942W pt 339942W pt 339942W pt

339942WYWW pt 333313WYWW pt 333313WYWW pt

339942WYWW pt 339942WYWW pt 339942WYWW pt

339942WYWY pt 333313WYWY pt 333313WYWY pt

339942WYWY pt 339942WYWY pt 339942WYWY pt

3399430 3399430 3399430

3399430101 3399430101 3399430101

3399430106 3399430106 3399430106

3399430211 3399430211 3399430211

3399430321 3399430321 3399430321

3399430331 pt 3399430331 pt 3399430316

3399430331 pt 3399430331 pt 3399430326

3399430YWW 3399430YWW 3399430YWW

3399430YWY 3399430YWY 3399430YWY

3399441 3399441 3399441

3399441106 3399441106 3399441106

3399441201 3399441201 3399441201

3399441211 3399441211 3399441211

3399441YWV 3399441YWV 3399441YWV

3399443 3399443 3399443

3399443100 3399443100 3399443100

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

339944W 339944W 339944W

339944WYWW 339944WYWW 339944WYWW

339944WYWY 339944WYWY 339944WYWY

3399501 3399501 3399501

3399501101 3399501101 3399501101

3399501206 3399501206 3399501206

3399501311 3399501311 3399501311

3399501316 3399501316 3399501316

3399501321 3399501321 3399501321

3399501YWV 3399501YWV 3399501YWV

3399503 3399503 3399503

3399503101 3399503101 3399503101

3399503106 3399503106 3399503106

3399503111 3399503111 3399503111

3399503116 3399503116 3399503116

3399503121 3399503121 3399503121

3399503126 3399503126 3399503126

3399503YWV 3399503YWV 3399503YWV

3399505 3399505 3399505

3399505100 pt 3399505100 pt 3399505101

3399505100 pt 3399505100 pt 3399505106

3399505100 pt 3399505100 pt 3399505YWV

339950W 339950W 339950W 339950WYWW 339950WYWW 339950WYWW 339950WYWY 339950WYWY 339950WYWY

3399911 3399911 3399911 3399911111 3399911111 3399911111 3399911121 3399911121 3399911121 3399911YWV 3399911YWV 3399911YWV

3399913 3399913 3399913

3399913111 3399913111 3399913111

3399913221 3399913221 3399913221

3399913331 3399913331 3399913331

3399913341 3399913341 3399913341

3399913351 3399913351 3399913351

3399913YWV 3399913YWV 3399913YWV

3399915 3399915 3399915

3399915111 3399915111 3399915111

3399915221 3399915221 3399915221

3399915231 3399915231 3399915231

3399915241 3399915241 3399915241

3399915251 3399915251 3399915251

3399915261 3399915261 3399915261

3399915YWV 3399915YWV 3399915YWV

3399917 3399917 3399917

3399917111 3399917111 3399917111

3399917121 3399917121 3399917121

3399917YWV 3399917YWV 3399917YWV

3399918 3399918 3399918 3399918111 3399918111 3399918111 3399918121 3399918121 3399918121

3399918131 3399918131 3399918131

3399918141 3399918141 3399918141

3399918251 3399918251 3399918251

3399918YWV 3399918YWV 3399918YWV

3399919 3399919 3399919

3399919111 3399919111 3399919111 3399919141 3399919141 3399919141

3399919161 pt 3399919161 pt 3399919121

3399919161 pt 3399919161 pt 3399919131 3399919161 pt 3399919161 pt 3399919151 3399919YWV 3399919YWV 3399919YWV

339991W 339991W 339991W 339991WYWW 339991WYWW 339991WYWW 339991WYWY 339991WYWY 339991WYWY

3399921 3399921 3399921 3399921101 3399921111 3399921101 3399921106 3399921106 3399921106 3399921YWV 3399921YWV 3399921YWV

3399923 3399923 3399923 3399923101 3399923101 3399923101 3399923106 3399923106 3399923106 3399923YWV 3399923YWV 3399923YWV

3399925 3399925 3399925 3399925101 3399925101 3399925101 3399925106 3399925106 3399925106 3399925YWV 3399925YWV 3399925YWV

3399927 3399927 3399927

3399927116 3399927116 3399927116

3399927201 3399927201 3399927201

3399927206 3399927206 3399927206

3399927211 3399927211 3399927211

3399927221 3399927221 3399927221

3399927226 3399927226 3399927226

3399927331 3399927331 3399927331

3399927YWV 3399927YWV 3399927YWV

339992W 339992W 339992W 339992WYWW 339992WYWW 339992WYWW

339992WYWY 339992WYWY 339992WYWY

3399931 3399931 3399931

3399931101 pt 3399931101 3399931101

3399931101 pt 3399931111 3399931111

3399931106 3399931106 3399931106

3399931YWV 3399931YWV 3399931YWV

3399933 3399933 3399933 3399933106 3399933106 3399933106 3399933111 3399933111 3399933101 3399933YWV 3399933YWV 3399933YWV

F–2 Appendix F Manufacturing

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3399935 3399935 3399935

3399935106 3399935106 3399935106

3399935112 pt 3399935112 pt 3399935101

3399935112 pt 3399935112 pt 3399935111

3399935131 pt 3399935131 pt 3399935116

3399935131 pt 3399935131 pt 3399935121

3399935131 pt 3399935131 pt 3399935126

3399935YWV 3399935YWV 3399935YWV

339993W 339993W 339993W 339993WYWW 339993WYWW 339993WYWW 339993WYWY 339993WYWY 339993WYWY

3399941 3399941 3399941

3399941101 3399941101 3399941101

3399941106 3399941106 3399941106

3399941311 3399941311 3399941311

3399941316 3399941316 3399941316

3399941321 3399941321 3399941321

3399941YWV 3399941YWV 3399941YWV

3399943 3399943 3399943 3399943101 3399943101 3399943101 3399943206 3399943206 3399943206 3399943211 3399943211 3399943211 3399943YWV 3399943YWV 3399943YWV

3399945 3399945 3399945

3399945101 3399945101 3399945101

3399945106 3399945106 3399945106 3399945211 3399945211 3399945211 3399945216 3399945216 3399945216 3399945221 3399945221 3399945221 3399945226 3399945226 3399945226 3399945YWV 3399945YWV 3399945YWV

339994W 339994W 339994W 339994WYWW 339994WYWW 339994WYWW 339994WYWY 339994WYWY 339994WYWY

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

3399951 3399951 3399951

3399951101 3399951101 3399951101

3399951206 3399951206 3399951206

3399951YWV 3399951YWV 3399951YWV

3399953 3399953 3399953

3399953101 3399953111 3399953101

3399953106 3399953106 3399953106

3399953YWV 3399953YWV 3399953YWV

3399955 3399955 3399955

3399955100 3399955100 3399955100

339995W 339995W 339995W

339995WYWW 339995WYWW 339995WYWW

339995WYWY 339995WYWY 339995WYWY

3399991 3399991 3399991 3399991101 3399991101 3399991101 3399991106 3399991106 3399991106 3399991111 3399991111 3399991111 3399991116 3399991116 3399991116 3399991121 3399991121 3399991121 3399991YWV 3399991YWV 3399991YWV

3399993 3399993 3399993

3399993101 3399993101 3399993101

3399993106 3399993106 3399993106

3399993YWV 3399993YWV 3399993YWV

3399995 3399995 3399995 3399995100 3399995100 3399995100

3399997 3399997 3399997

3399997100 3399997100 3399997100

3399999 3399999 3399999 3399999101 3399999101 3399999101 3399999106 3399999106 3399999106 3399999111 3399999111 3399999111 3399999YWV 3399999YWV 3399999YWV

2002 published 2002 collected 1997 published

339999E pt 3261997 pt 3261997 pt

339999E pt 339999E 339999C

339999E101 339999E101 339999C101

339999E206 339999E206 339999C206

339999E311 339999E311 339999C311

339999E313 3261997126 3261997121

339999E316 339999E316 339999C316

339999EYWV pt 3261997YWV pt 3261997YWV pt

339999EYWV pt 339999EYWV 339999CYWV

339999K pt 3352113 pt 3352113 pt

339999K pt 3399310 pt 3399310 pt

339999K pt 339999K pt 339999H pt

339999K111 339999K111 339999H111

339999K121 339999K121 339999H121

339999K151 pt 3352113120 3352113000 pt

339999K151 pt 3399310141 3399310131 pt

339999K151 pt 339999K151 339999H151 pt

339999KYWV pt 3352113YWV pt 3352113000 pt

339999KYWV pt 3399310YWW pt 3399310YWW pt

339999KYWV pt 339999KYWV pt 339999HYWV pt

339999W pt 326199W pt 326199W pt

339999W pt 335211W pt 335211W pt

339999W pt 3399310 pt 3399310 pt

339999W pt 339999W pt 339999W pt

339999WYWW pt 326199WYWW pt 326199WYWW pt

339999WYWW pt 335211WYWW pt 335211WYWW pt

339999WYWW pt 3399310YWW pt 3399310YWW pt

339999WYWW pt 339999WYWW pt 339999WYWW pt

339999WYWY pt 326199WYWY pt 326199WYWY pt

339999WYWY pt 335211WYWY pt 335211WYWY pt

339999WYWY pt 3399310YWY pt 3399310YWY pt

339999WYWY pt 339999WYWY pt 339999WYWY pt

Manufacturing Appendix F F–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
EC02-31I-339116 (RV) 2002 Dental Laboratories: 2002 2002 Economic Census Manufacturing Industry Series USCENSUSBUREAU