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Filed 8/7/15 In re S.J. CA4/2

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication 

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

In re S.J. et al., Persons Coming Under the 

Juvenile Court Law.

RIVERSIDE COUNTY DEPARTMENT 

OF PUBLIC SOCIAL SERVICES,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

D.B. et al.,

Defendants and Appellants.

E062074

(Super.Ct.No. INJ1100162)

O P I N I O N

APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Lawrence P. Best, 

Temporary Judge. (Pursuant to Cal. Const., art. VI, § 21.) Affirmed.

Law Offices of Vincent W. Davis & Associates and Stephanie M. Davis for 

Defendants and Appellants.

Gregory P. Priamos, County Counsel, and James E. Brown, Guy B. Pittman, and 

Julie Koons Jarvi, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
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I. INTRODUCTION

Defendants and appellants, de facto parents D.B. and G.B., appeal from the 

juvenile court’s denial of their petition under Welfare and Institutions Code section 388 

seeking reversal of the juvenile court’s order removing minors S.J. (born in April 2009), 

K.M. (born in June 2010), and C.J. (born in May 2011) from their home. The B.’s 

contend the juvenile court abused its discretion in denying their petition because it did not 

fully understand and consider the testimony of their therapist and failed to consider the 

relationship between them and the children. We find no error, and we affirm.

II. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

The three children became dependents of the court in 2011, after plaintiff and 

respondent, Riverside County Department of Public Social Services (DPSS), filed a 

petition alleging their biological mother neglected their health and safety and failed to 

provide necessary medical care. The children were placed in foster care in the home of 

the B.’s. Reunification was unsuccessful, the mother’s parental rights were terminated in 

January 2013, and a permanent plan of adoption was ordered. The B.’s were designated 

as prospective adoptive parents.

In November 2013, allegations of physical abuse and general neglect had been 

made against the B.’s. It was alleged that D.B. had given the children “whoopings” to 

discipline them and that he used a “pancake flipper” to hit them. The B.’s denied that 

they hit the children. The allegations of physical abuse were determined to be unfounded 
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and the allegation of general neglect was found to be inconclusive as to inappropriate 

discipline.

The B.’s were granted de facto parent status in January 2014.

In April 2014, K.M. was suspended from his Head Start school because of his 

behavior. A referral was submitted for therapy for K.M. The foster family agency social 

worker informed DPSS that K.M. had seen the therapist before, and he had informed her 

that “there was nothing wrong with [K.M.] and it was a parenting issue.” 

In a meeting with the social worker on April 17, 2014, G.B. told the social worker 

that K.M. continued to act out, and she was unwilling to move forward with the adoption. 

She had failed to provide a certificate of completion of parenting class, and the home 

study was not complete. G.B. stated she was not happy that K.M. had been referred to 

the therapist who had previously stated he did not need therapy, and she asked that he be 

assigned to another counselor. G.B. stated that K.M. was disrespectful and defiant at 

home. G.B. stated “she ‘wants money’ because it’s going to cost a lot [sic] to raise him

. . . .” In a later telephone call, G.B. told the social worker that DPSS was “not doing 

anything to help with [K.M.]”

Later that month, K.M., then age three, climbed over or through a fence into a pool 

and nearly drowned. He was taken to the hospital, but he suffered no injuries, and his 

condition was not life threatening. G.B. provided varying accounts of the incident. She 

said K.M. had been playing alone in the backyard while she was on the telephone; she 
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said she had thought he was inside when the incident occurred; and she said she was 

cooking and paying bills when the incident occurred. 

Because of concerns over the children’s supervision, they were transported to a 

new foster home. En route, they disclosed that D.B. and G.B. had used corporal 

punishment on them. K.M. used profanity, which he claimed to have learned from D.B. 

C.J. and K.M. disclosed that the B.’s “whooped” them, but S.J. denied being whooped. 

In the new foster home, K.M. scratched the new foster father, cursed, urinated on himself, 

smeared feces on the bathroom walls, threw and broke things, slapped and hit his 

siblings, and pushed another child down the stairs. The new foster family requested his 

removal from their home.

S.J. had a mild expressive language delay and was receiving speech therapy. Her 

behavior was age appropriate, and she was healthy. K.M. was assessed at the Riverside 

County Mental Health 0-5 program in May 2014, and he was diagnosed with an 

adjustment disorder. He was extremely aggressive, and the therapist indicated he was 

suffering from trauma. He was placed in a Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care 

home. C.J. did not have any developmental delays. In a previous foster home, he 

mimicked K.M.’s behaviors, including using foul language. He had adapted to his 

current foster placement.

Following its investigation, DPSS concluded: “Based upon information gathered 

during the investigation process, it is believed that [K.M.] managed to climb the fence 

surrounding the backyard pool on his own, and jump into the pool. [G.B.] responded 
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appropriately to the incident, (removed [K.M.] from the pool and ensured he received 

immediate medical attention), and medical staff concluded that [K.M.] suffered no 

medical ailments as a result of the incident. However, the aforementioned issues 

pertaining to supervision and discipline are very concerning. It is also concerning that 

the children have lived in the [B.’s] home since infancy and exhibit such behavioral 

issues at their young ages. As a result, this investigation will be closed as Substantiated 

for General Neglect.”

At a hearing in July 2014, the juvenile court determined that removal of the 

children from the B.’s home was appropriate.

In July 2014, the B.’s filed a petition under Welfare and Institutions Code section 

388 alleging a change in circumstances that would justify changing the May 2014 order. 

The B.’s alleged they had completed a parenting class, had made improvements to make 

the pool area safer, and had taken a course dealing with children with special needs. 

They alleged the proposed change was in the children’s best interest because the children 

were bonded to them and would benefit from being parented by them. They attached 

certificates showing that both D.B. and G.B. had completed 12 sessions of a parenting 

skills course between January and March 2014; a notice of a site visit by a child care 

licensing office representative on June 26, 2014, stating that no regulatory violations had 

been observed; notices that the pool fencing improvements complied with code 

requirements; and a certificate showing that G.B. had completed training on dealing with 

special needs children in January 2014.
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A hearing was held on the petition in September 2014. The B.’s presented 

testimony from their therapist, Wanda Cooper, a trained marriage and family counselor 

who had completed doctoral studies in clinical psychology. Starting in August 2014, the 

B.’s had attended four or five classes that Dr. Cooper had taught on subjects such as 

foster parenting and child traumas. The B.’s sought couples therapy from Dr. Cooper 

because of the removal of the children from their home, which they said had been 

because of their neglect and lack of supervision. They accepted responsibility and 

expressed remorse for the incident. During the therapy, the B.’s established the goals of 

putting a safety plan in place for the children, enhancing their parenting skills, improving 

their communication about issues concerning the children, and anger management. The 

B.’s had been in therapy with Dr. Cooper for three weeks. Dr. Cooper stated her opinion 

that the B.’s could provide a safe home for the children; her opinion was based on their 

honesty about the incident and their seeking out training to improve their parenting skills 

which expressed their love of and commitment to the children. She stated that her 

therapy with the B.’s was “[v]ery early in the process.” Dr. Cooper had not read the 

social worker’s reports, and she had never met the children. She was aware that an 

allegation of corporal punishment had been made, and the B.’s had denied using corporal 

punishment; however, she never asked them if they had hit or spanked the children.

G.B. testified that she had been in therapy with a different counselor before Dr. 

Cooper, but had discontinued because it was not a good fit. G.B. said she had taken 

about 16 parenting classes, and she now understood that K.M. showed traits of fetal 
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alcohol syndrome. The classes and her therapy had given her insight into how to deal 

with his behavior and that of the other children. She described the added safety measures 

in the home, including extra locks out of the children’s reach and an alarm that sounded 

when the door to the backyard was opened. She said she had been preparing lunch when 

K.M. had gotten into the pool. D.B. testified that a brick wall that had partially blocked 

the view of the pool had been removed and he had added the back door alarm. He stated 

that therapy with Dr. Cooper had been beneficial and had improved his parenting.

The juvenile court commended the B.’s for taking classes, but pointed out that 

they had been in therapy with Dr. Cooper for only three weeks and were very early in the 

process. Although the B.’s had denied using corporal punishment, Dr. Cooper talked 

about their use of corporal punishment. The court concluded: “Based on the standard, I 

do not believe there are changed circumstances, and I do not believe it is in the children’s 

best interest.” The court therefore denied the petition.

III. DISCUSSION

To succeed on a petition under Welfare and Institutions Code section 388 to 

change a previous court order, the petitioner must prove by a preponderance of the 

evidence both (1) a change in circumstances or new evidence and (2) that the requested 

change is in the child’s best interest. (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 388; In re Daijah T. (2000) 

83 Cal.App.4th 666, 672; In re D.B. (2013) 217 Cal.App.4th 1080, 1089.) We review the 

juvenile court’s ruling on the petition under an abuse of discretion standard. (In re 

Hector A. (2005) 125 Cal.App.4th 783, 798.)
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The children were removed from the B.’s home because of a lack of supervision 

that culminated in K.M.’s near drowning. The evidence also indicated the B.’s had used

corporal punishment on the children, and K.M. had behavioral issues while in the B.’s 

care and after being removed. The B.’s had already completed the parenting classes 

before the May 2014 hearing at which the children had been removed from their home, 

and G.B. had also completed the special needs training class before that date. Thus, 

completion of the classes did not constitute a change in circumstances. Moreover, while 

the B.’s established that they had made improvements to the safety of their home, those 

physical improvements did not address the concerns about lack of supervision. Although 

the B.’s had attended three counseling sessions with Dr. Cooper, the juvenile court found 

Dr. Cooper’s testimony inconsistent: she reported that they were very early in the 

process of therapy, yet she felt comfortable that the children could be safely returned.

The B.’s argue that the juvenile court did not understand or fully consider Dr. 

Cooper’s testimony because the juvenile court seemed to indicate that it believed “time 

alone was the sole indicator of progress in counseling.” However, Dr. Cooper explicitly 

stated that the B.’s were very early in the process of therapy, having completed only three 

weekly sessions. Moreover, Dr. Cooper’s information about the children was all derived 

from what the B.’s told her; she had never met the children and had never read the social 

worker’s reports. Although she was aware of an allegation of corporal punishment, she 

never asked the B.’s if they hit or spanked the children. 
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We find no abuse of discretion in the juvenile court’s assessment of the credibility 

of the testimony presented at the hearing.

The B.’s also contend the juvenile court “failed to consider the extensive 

relationship” between them and the children and failed to articulate any factors 

considered in concluding that the requested change was not in the children’s best interest. 

However, the trial court had already determined that the B.’s had not shown a change in 

circumstances. The B.’s had the burden of proving both prongs of the test to justify a 

change in a prior order. (In re D.B., supra, 217 Cal.App.4th at p. 1089.) 

IV. DISPOSITION

The order appealed from is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

KING

J.

We concur:

McKINSTER

Acting P. J.

MILLER

J.