COP1 I 

l. AS-14 AS-23 9 May 4? 

' Comment Regarding ASA Research and Development 

Activities for Inclusion in War Department Research and 

Development Program, Fiscal ~ear 1949 

Major Bergman/462 

1. Reference is made to attached copy of Comment No. 3 of Disposition Form 

to Chier, Training Group, which indicates th~t this Agency will supply a coIDJP.ept 

covering Army Security Agency research and development activities for inclusiof1. 

in the War Department Research and Development Program, Fiscal Year 1949. 

2. It is desired that this comment be prepared by- your office and that it 

be submitted to this office by 16 May 1947. Necessary coordination will be effected with AS-70, 80, and 90 prior to submiasiqn. 

J. The comment should not contain sny information which bears a clasaifioation higher that SECR.I?r or which w111 require that the recipients thereof be 

cryptographically cleared. 

4. Attached for your information is the document, War Department R~search 

and Development Program, Fiscal Year 1947, which illustrates the desired.type of 

comment relating to the research and development activities of the Aru.ry- Security 

Agency. It is desired that this document be returned with your recommended comment. 

2 Incls 

/B/ PaUl E. Neff 

for GEORGE.A. BICHER 

l. Cy Disp Form, subj& Sup- Colonel, Signal Corps 

plement to FY 1948 Res ear ch 

& Development Program 

Deputy Chier; Army Security Agency 

Ext 498 \ ' - 2. ~D ~ea & Dev !Togram, FY 1947 

2. .AS-70 AS-14 12 l!a.y 47 1. Atter.:tion is invited to Comment No. 1 

.above together with attached inclosures. 

It is requested that a draft for an ASA Section in the lID Research and 

Development Program for FY 1949 be prepared, using as a guide the FY 1947 

Program. Wording of draft should not be hampered. because of security reasons, 

since it rill be reworked later to brine it down tq the SECRET classification 

in coordina i.ion with. AS-80 and .AS-90. · 

2 •. P~ease note dead~ine date given AS-14 for completed paper (16 May). 

' ' 

, , ! . ; .... 1. \ 

\ 

I ~ \ 

/s/ Mark Rhoads 

2 Incls for WILLIAM F. FRIEDMAN 

n/c \· Chief, Communtcations Research 

Ext 215 

1 

( COPY 

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 01-31-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352a 
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i.~.·.'c·~ op' U . ~· . , RE~54_ \ ;~,: _ " 'I . _.,,. . , _c_ · .Q9lllll1e:Qt°'~ Af Research and Development 

;.::.._ _): ~-J.4 A.s..;71 14 May- 4Z Activities for- Inciusion ·xrCW'ar Department Research and 

~J- -~~---. _ · · _:_ ~ev?;t<;>pment Prl'.l-g~~m~. Fis_c~~:!;Y~,ar.:_1949.. "\ _ .. ~~-I 

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l~ · lteference is made ~. ~.e.~tion ~~ of_ W~r Departni~nt Rese~rch and Develop• 

ment PrQgram ror Fiscal Year 1947, Subjeat; Communications Security Equipment. 

It is recommended that the contents of the draft for Fiscal Year 1949 bo substan- ti~lly t.he a~me as that contained in this ref erenoe.. In ordar to conform with the 

arrangement contained in the program for Fi~cal Year 1948, it is_ne~essary that 

the :irte.m on "Assignment ot Primary Cognizance11 be listed !irat and that an item 

on "F;lscal Information" be __ added.· ' 

z. In order t·~ ~ing the statements for the Fiscal Year 194? prog1•am up to 

date, it is recommended that the _following changes or additio~s be made& 

. 'a~ .. n.Assigrun0nt 'or Primar,-. Cogilizance" pbould be r€wised to read/ as 

follows: •Primary cognizance in this field ~s as·signed to the Director of Intel• 

ligence. Responsibility for projects, where the security element is an integrated 

portion of an ite!T, of communication equipment being deYe;toped. by the Sigh.al Corps, 

rests with the Qhief Signal Officer. How~ver, coordination with the Dir~ctor of 

Intelligence through the Chief, Armr Security Agency, is required in connection 

with the security features of such integrated equipment." 

b. "Status of fyese~t Te~hnical ,Knowledg" 11 .. 

r 

' (1) Paragraph l should be revised to read as follows: ffTechnical 

knowledge applicable to the field of communications security 

is considerably advanced iii comparison to its status dti.r'ing 

I F. 

the wt;1r~ . ·irhesa.advanc~e were th9- result of extensive War De- ~~- '"'-- _,_ partment research and development both.in cryptographic methods 

·"°"- \ 

l '\. •. 

+, 

' .. . '. f., "... .' 

$.ri.Jl in aueociat~ engine,;ring techniques, General scientific 

~dvan~es. ~have. made possible tha apsiin o_f equipment which was 

peaded earlier i.J:i. the war but was not available. The long range 

development program is dependent on basic research into '41ppli- cabl~ phenomena, cryptologic principles, hi~hly specialized 

.electronic tubes and other elect,r.:inic techniques as well as the 

'.development or ·specialized components which can be appli~ to 

a narnber of develQpment projects. Active ;liaison with other 

_governmental agencies and commercial firms has made possible 

-the ea:rly application of scientific advances or extensions 

thereof'. 11 · · · ' 

(2) The last sentence or Paragr&ph 2 should be revised to read as . ' tallows: "This wcirk is mainly in the fields of radio and wire 

. , ,:'~_()inJl\upiq~tio~s but ~lso in~ludes any other currently used or -~,.,proposed methods of' coll'JD.unicat:on.11 

' l \ -".P· •summary ~r P~esent Proj~ctat• · 

'·~t (1)° - ~~~ 'ia~t-,p~rtion ~f. Paragraph ;G_ should be ravi?,~ to roas as. / 

. -..-_. · · f'_ollows; , "Thea~ categories include a_ny es.tablished means of 

'· .. ~ ·:...9::51@.~u'.i.iqa_tion ,- such as w!i'e and_ r~dio, ~p_loyed by the ulli ted 

· 1:\~tates. A~'¥. Research and development is closely c.::.ordinated 

· ·. ::>\ ~l';th c;urre:it plans of the. using echelons, including adaptability 

"\ _9! th? equipment to opera~ in integrated communication systems. 

-_ Polic:u~s of Q.esign and opvion clos_ely parallel the trends or 

2 

LOPY 

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. 
COPY ~·· .. :."'!'" I - Comment Reg~rding A;,A Research ~md Develorment 

. Activities for fncluaion in War Department Resecrch and 

.............. 

~60954 ,,_. 

AS-14 AS-71 14 May 47 Development P~-·~gram~ Fiscal Year 1949 __ ., 

communications ~quipment itsel~. This includes r0duction in 

size and weight by use of sub-miniature compon~s, development 

or special components as requirad., and by research into electronic engineering and cryptologic techniques which will effect 

substantial reductions. Development efforts are directed toward 

effecting a minimum of mov~ mechanical parts, elimination of 

multiplicity of different components and the inc~poration into 

equipment of packaged sub-assemblies in order to improve perf9rmance and to simplify maintenance and replacement in forward 

echelons." 

(2) The following should be added to Paragraph 2z 11 In addition, 

initial research 18 being conducted on the problems 0£ providing 

security for television qnd for communication systems employing 

ultra high frequencies." 

d. "Future Research and Development" 

(1) Add to Paragraph ls "At the present state of the art, security 

equipment generally requires more exacting design and conditions 

of usage then the associated communications equipment. The 

proereas or other governmental and commercial scientific research and the extent of this research wili govern a portion of 

future research directed toward the development of security 

equipment." · 

(2) -Add to Paragraph 2: "Development of eecurity equipment tor 

facsimile and television communication will parallel development 

elsewhere in the Army or the meana tor providing these communications." 

e. The·rollowing should be added to complete the Section "Fiscal In!ormation." 

1. 

2. 

3. 

b. 

Total funds carried over-from previous Fiscal Years •••••••••••• $ 431,262 

Appropriation for Fis cal I ear 194 7 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~( • • 2, 018, 000 

Appropriation approved by Bureau of Budget for Fiscal Year l\ 

1948 •••••••• ,.~··· 2,206,780 

E.stimated total ultimate cost or projects for which an end item 

can be foresee~ but not including· the cost of continuing projects 

.•••••••••••••• 5,454,000 

Estimated total annual cost of continuing projectsj i.e;; those · projects for which no end item or termination can yet be forea -3en • .......................................................... 

• -SE6fif 

/a/ S. Kullback 

S. KULLBACK 

Chief, RL Div • 

Ext .321 

906,000 

COPY 
,,, 

~A609~ 

C..eot .i'~ ASA Jt•...reb and .DnelopmWlt AetlYitJ.ee for Incluelon 1n Iv J)epert.aent .i•earch em 

AS-80 19 *1 4'1 Dnelopunt ~·• ;·ucml Yee.l' 1949 (oontd) 

1. l\ 18 ooaai4W'ed. \hat the C.aard•tiou Seourlt,y ~•11••t SeoUon 

(Seot.ion j,lf) ot the War hpar\Hnt. if.eeenroh and i>nelopaent. hoogra111• fiaoal tear 

1949, aho\114 'be pr•eatecl 1n • tOl'll ai•il•r to th• at\ache4 dratt.. Cognisanee 

baa be• taken or the r~t.J.ona ot Reaearch Laboratori• Didaion •• ahcnm 

in eo.i•t --1. 

2. It 18 reooMended tllat further OOOl'dillation with UG·U-70 and IOOAS-90 

be efteoted. 

3 1M1e 

.Mld.e4 1 incl 

.). D.nft of sens.. 

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'uiplleat• 

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'· sxaov adet, Sewriy Didaiea 

ixt4tna1ft 241 

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4 
REF ID:A60954-

SECRE.T 

SECTION XIV 

COMMUNICAT!ONS sromun F411IP»rHT 

..: ~ .. -. • ii 

! 

! 

AS§IGNMF.l!'f Q[ PRIMARY COGNIZANCE 

Primary cognizance tor research and development in the tield ot oowrnuniea tions security equipnent is assigned to the Direator ot Intelligence. 

Responsibility tor projects, where the aecurit7 element 18 an integrated 

. portion ot an item ot communications equipment being developed by the Signal 

·-corps, reata ·with the Chiet Signal O.t.ficer, However, coordination with the 

. Director ot Intelligence through the Chief, A.rmy Securi t7 Agency is required. 

1n connection with the aeourlt7 features or such integrated equipnent. 

S'l'A TUS OF PFE§EN'l TECHliICA L J(NOO LEDGE . . 

l. Technical 1.nowledgo applicable to ths field ot communications 

security has advanced conaiderably beyond its status during the War. These 

advances are the reeult Qt extensive War Department research and development 

both in cryptographic methods and in associated engineering techniques • 

. General scient:lf'io advan~es have mede possible the deei£n ot security equipment COI!lps.t~ble with future .Planned cODmUnicati?ns &)'Stems. 

I ••" 

· 1· iL' =J. • H~. ~eve+opmenta in communiea tions methods and techniques . and new ..... . ... • • .a. - - . - - -· - .. - . . . .... . -· - ·-

applications ot auc:ti developments iit the Army~ h&ve resuitecr1n new Ba.sic 

."'f" ••• , • ~ • • • • • - • • • . . • • • • 

UU.li ta17 Requirements· tor communications . securltJ' equ!proent. For many ot ....... - ...._...... . -- ... ,.. ~. 

these new requirements, the general approaoh. io the tulfillient of these 

FORM A7031 SEP 97 

NSN: 7540-FM-001-5622 

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REF ID:A60954 •:--'· 

SECRET r~uireniente ia known. However, the provision o~ "the qlt1J118.te in communi- . . .... - ~ . .. . .. •.. ' . . 

cation• securitT equipment for each communications need will require 

considerable research and develop11ent. 

3. The lona•range research and developncnt program 1a dependent upon 

basic research into applicable electrioe.l phenomena, cryptologic principles, 

hiahl3' specialised eleotronio tubes and other electronic techniques 1 ae 

well as tJ:ie development ot apecialised components which oan be applied to 

a number or developmental projects. 

4. Active liaison with other governmental agencies and with commercial 

firms ia being maintain~ to in.mire that ear:cy application ils made ot 

scientific advances or extensions thereof'. the pos1dbilit)r i8 being 

considered of arranging tor research on related problems to be oa.rried 

out in academic :lnstitutions • .. 

SlTMKMI OF PRESENT PRQJECl'§ 

1. ContJiderable e.f"fort is being directed toward the prapara tion ot a 

C%'1J>tographic Pl.an to serve as a guide tor the future researc.h and development 

progrw:i in the field ot cotmrUnications sccuritJ'" equipie.nt. The objeot of' such 

a program. is to provide the us:fna :f'orce11 or the A'J."llf¥ with secure and opem• . . ' . 

tional~ p~ctice:ble cormmlliicatione security equipments tor every commun1-

cations n.eed. 

2. In the Cl7J>togre.phio Pl.e.n the communications security requirements 

0£ the A7:'ft1T are conside~ed under three categoriesi 

a. Ground Po1nt-.to-Point Communications (covers bot.h sl'lort and 

;<>ng range). 

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REF ID:A60954 -.- '. ~- ___ ·_7 ~-: •.• ~- ~·: 

- - . 

' SECRET · o. S~c1aliaed Communications (includee authentication 878tema, 

weat.her 117atems,, map ref'erence a7atema, etc.). 

J. Predicated upon the ala8s ot the using agency, the means or 

communication available to those agencies, and certain tundamenta.l 

pr1nc1plea deeired tor oryptographic mechanins and s7stss, the Ol7Ptograph1c Plan establiehes the Basic Milite.17 Requirements which must be 

tult!i.led bf canmunicatiollfJ 1ecuritJ equipnents provided to •eet each 

communications need, and lists these Basic Miiitary Requirements under 

each ot the three categories ct communicationa. 

4. Coordination ha.a been effected with the Arrq Ground Forces and the 

Army Air Forcee, who have presented sets ot Jlil:1:tal7 Characteristics whieh 

thq desire apee4"ie itema ot communication& BE:C'liriV equip!'lent to posseett 

to meet their communication.a needs. These lil:tta::y Che.raoteriatica have . ' 

been related to the Basia •Uite.17 Requirements H.etc-d under each categoey' 

ot eommuniaatio118. 

' s. Communioa.tior.• secu.1~i1;y equircnents roqu1red under the Cryptographic 

Pl.an includo equ1pnent8 which provide eccurit;r tor the tollow!ng :methods ot . COI:'Uii\.tniea tion 1 

a. Fao•ittile commmic.ationa. 

b. Teletype 1lonmtmica.tions. 

c. Voice coomru.nieations. 

d. Ott•llne literal oomnunications .. 

Based upon expressed desires o:t the J.rmy- Ground :r orces and the Al'm)" · .lll> 

Forces, prioriV 119 being given at the present tillle to the devolopment or 

nall, ·u.ght-weiaht commnnice.tions eecuricy devices which will provide 

iecfuoftJ'~lor ieleiYPe and ~o!oe cOmlriiriiostiona !.n the lower echelons. 

·---... ~ 
\. . 

REF. ID : A60 95~4 

SEflREf 

6. Research and developnent ot communications •ecuriv equip!!ent ia 

proceeding, there.tore, upon tbe basis ot f'irm requ1rments and priorities 

a• -expressed b7 the using rcrcea, and ie being close~ coordinated w1th 

current and future plans of the uaing echelons, including adaptability of 

the equipnent to operation 1n integrated COll'lll'Onications ay-•tans. Polioiee 

ot design and operation cloeel.7 parallel the trends ot communications equip• 

ment 1teelt. Thi• inoludea reduction in •ize and we:l&ht b7 use of 

sub-miniature components, deYeloJ;11ent ot apecial components ae required, 

and b7' research into electronic engineerfna and cr;yptologic techniques 

which will effect auch reductions. Dnelopm.cnt, etf'ortll are directed toward 

e.t"teating a a.t.nillum ~ movinc mechanioal po.rt.a, eliaination ot multiplioit)r 

ot 41trerent components &rid the 1ncorporat1.on into the equipment ot packaged 

aub•assembli• 111 order to improve perf'orma.neo and to a:lmplifY maintenance 

an4 replacement in torwa.rd. e~helons. 

7. Initial research :ta being cionduoted on the problems ot providing 

aecuriv tor television and connuninations .,.atana emplopng ultra•high 

trequenoiea. 

l. A Verf' comsiderab1e amount ot research will be required to 'Satiaf)' 

existing requirements for communications •ecuriw equipnent. Jfew omto• . graphic principles must be diecovered.. Engineering techniques lllUBt bo 

developed which will •body these prinoiplee and at tho same th!a operate 

, 

in conjunction with existing communications equipnent or equipnent under 

developnent. In the develoJlllent ot communications •ecurity equipnent it 

ta trequ.entq possible to f11.pl07 teohniquea and components which are the 

4 

-SEGREJ-

·' 
REF ID:A.6.0954 

. . ~:.~ECfftt -··- J-._ .. 

. i'eaUlt ot ieneril ;ot"entit!o idvancmnmt. Kowwrer; mch ot the know1edie 

requ!I-ed la 'peCUl.iar. to th~ ape~:U'io equij»ttent hlvolvsd and theref'ore muat 

be obtained bJ° speofai resea~h. 

2. Ea.oh no. type ot conmnmications equ1pnent or new aethod of using 

ccmmunicationa equ!pnent which la adopted 'b7 the Anq requires the provision 

ot a new type or l!leCUl'it., equi}Dent. A• theae new requirement.a aria•• thq 

nece.ss1tate_ the estab118hment of new projeote tor cryptographic ·:research 

aD1 %'elated engineering reaearch. 

3. the provb.ion of communications aecuritf' is a oontinuotUSlJ' active 

problem. Advances 1n Cl"fPtanalytio methods are alwa;ya striving to weaken 

camnunications ae~it,", and only b;y continual improves.ent 1n cryptographic 

principles and techniqueB can the aecurit;r of cormnunio~tiona bo aefJUred. 

It 18 11ecoe1a.17, there.foro, that the .Arrq pursue a T!goroue research prograll 

to cU~oover. and empley new and •tronger cryptographic prinoipletJ and 

technique• which will a11wr• the continuing UeC1.1r1v ot tJnited .States A.r!Jf1' 

cCT.Jnmnioa tiona • 

'FISQL WORJMTIOI 

1. Total funds carried over frOlll previous Fiscal tee.re ...... • 4311 262 

2. •ppropriation forJ'iacal Year 1947....................... 2,01g,ooo 

J. Appropriation approved b.r Bureau ot Badget tor riscal 

!ear 1948•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21 2061780 

4. a. !st1m~ted total ultimate coat o~ projects fo1• Which 

an ebd item can bo foreseen but trot including the 

oost ot continuing projecta.••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5,454,000 
~ ~-- .. 

l'' ·_ 

fr·~ ... 

~ --.=--=·: 

i..:-

f.: ... 

...... ..... 

. ,;. ~· - ;., ·-, . : . . .__ , 

.. 

~--:. '_;REF -ID: A60 954 -- · ..- . . • .. .. - - - - • . . . , - :: ·.f·· ·r • • 

SECff!T 

b. Estimated total aJU'.\'U8,l cost ct continuing projecta; 

1.e., those projects tor which no end item or termi• 

•tion can ;yet be toreeeen ................ ,. ••••••••••••. 

. . 

6 

SECRET 

906,ooo