### Notes from John Crane Treatment Technology Call on 2/11/14

1 U nconventional O il and G as Wastewater Treatment Technology Call with John Crane on 2/11/2014

Participants:
EPA: Lisa Biddle , Jesse Pritts ERG: Sarah Hays John Crane: Chris Songer, Mike Kalodimos 1

Background on John Crane :

- John Crane has been in business for over 100 years.

- John Crane wants to learn more from EPA about the direction EPA is going in regarding unconventional oil and gas ( UOG ) to be able to meet their customer s’ needs.

John Crane’s Experience :

- In 1986, J ohn C rane acquired a pulp and paper company (Safematic)

. Since then, J ohn C rane feels they’ve
been well immersed in water filtration treatment technologies

.

- After pulp and paper, John Crane moved into in

- plant water clarification and disinfection in corn processing

.

- As John Crane grew, they acquired other filtration companies around the oil and gas industry.

- J ohn C rane is currently working to develop CBM sites in north Rockies through “ John Crane Production
Solutions ”.

- J ohn C rane wants to merge their filtration ski lls , p roducts , and technology knowledge with the
distribution force of John Crane Production Solutions.

- J ohn C rane has seals that prevent leaks on pumps and other applications. They came out with a dry seal in
the early 1990s.

Question : J ohn C rane wants to learn from EPA about what EPA will expect of the oil and gas industry once the rulemaking is complete

. Answer : Lisa Biddle gave an overview of the scope of the UOG project and what we’ve learned so far about UOG
wastewater characteristics and UOG wastewater management and disposal. Lisa then asked John Crane if they had worked on any data collections efforts regarding filtration treatment.

Question : John Crane asked what the UOG industry is looking for in a final treated product for reuse in frac turing

. Does the industry require drinking water quality water, a low concentration of TDS in the effluent water, or some
other criteria?

John Crane and the UOG Industry:

- John Crane has looked at membrane technologies for treatment prior to reuse , but thi nks they are too “high

- tech” for the UOG industry. Rather, John Crane noted that the UOG industry needs technologies that already exist (e.g., filter press, dissolved air flotation, activated beds).

- John Crane is most interested in technologies they’ve dev eloped and have intellectual property on as well as technologies that have existed for years.

- John Crane’s target audience is operators who are reusing their UOG wastewater in fracturing. John Crane focuses only on slickwater fracturing (no gel fracs) for reuse because of John Crane filtration treatment
limitations.

1 Product manager and engineer who has worked for John Crane for more than 30 years.

### Notes from John Crane Treatment Technology Call on 2/11/14

2 - John Crane wants to produce systems that are completely mobile and they think they have an advantage in that they can deliver systems to sites and minimize transportation costs because of their global

presence.

- To date, John Crane hasn’t treated UOG wastewater and they noted there are a lot of “curve balls” in this industry. For example, John Crane is challenged by the high TDS concentrations in UOG wastewater; a problem which they noted has bee n “unsolvable with present technologies” 2

.

John Crane and Filtration Technology:

- John Crane doesn’t have TDS concentration data, but noted that sodium is the most challenging ion present in TDS. High concentrations of sodium in flowback scares machine operators into wanting to underground inject flowback because they don’t want to run that type of liquid through their equipment.

- There are a number of technologies (e.g., reverse osmosis, membrane technologies) that claim to be able to treat high TDS wast ewater. John Crane identified high energy usage as the biggest issue with these other technologies.

- J ohn C rane is interested in filtering suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved solids (TDS) out of UOG

wastewater

. One of the John Crane representatives also no ted that a common misconception is that once suspended solids are removed, you’re done with treatment. John Crane noted that conventional filtration uses screens and filter cakes, polishing methods (e.g., activated/sand beds), and pretreatment emulsion

rem oval (e.g., dissolved air).

Lisa recommended reaching out to trade associations and/ or attending conferences about managemen t of UOG wastewater (e.g., API). John Crane noted that they attended the recent American Business Conference about the UOG industry in Dallas, TX

.

Question: John Crane asked EPA what data would be useful for them.
Answer: Jesse Pritts noted that any paired influent and effluent (performance) data related to a given treatment technology would be helpful

.

Underground Injection for Disposal Wells:

- John Crane t hinks that eventually there will need to be limits on the quality of water operators will be permitted to inject for disposal

. Question : John Crane asked EPA if there will be a limit put in place

. Answer : Lisa responded that underground injection wells are regulated under a different program. Lisa
also noted that she wonders if there is unlimited capacity for UIC wells , and noted that she doesn’t have answers to these questions

.

- John C rane noted that they think underground injection in an undesirable disposal means in terms of environmental responsibility.

- Lisa noted that s ome environmental groups think that underground injection is actually the safest disposal option.

2 John Crane representatives did not elaborate on exactly what challenges they face with treating wastewater with high concentrations TDS.