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C EXPER1MNiS FOR A 

RBIT1NG LABORATO 

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SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS FOR A 

MANNED ORBITING LABORATORY 

Submitted to: 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Washington, D. C. 

December 1963 

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 
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THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN / Ann Arbor 

December 2, 1963 

Dr. Peter C. Badgley 

Chairman 

MOL Science Studies 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Washington 25, D. C. 

Dear Dr. Badgley: 

This document is being submitted in response to NASA queries as to the 

interest of The University of Michigan in participating in the scientific 

aspects of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. 

We are pleased indeed to report a widespread interest among our research 

teaching, and administrative staffs in an active participation in the MOL 

program. The breadth and depth of this interest is not at all surprising, in 

view of the large current participation of the University in space and spacerelated programs of NASA and other agencies. A view of this current participation is provided in the issue of our Research News, "Space Research at the 

University," included as Appendix A of this document. 

A number of experiments proposed for the MOL program by various staff 

members and research units of the University are presented in Section IV. 

The experiments should be regarded only as representative, and not inclusive 

of the full scope of interest within the University. The short time available 

for preparation of this document has made it impossible for all interested 

individuals and units to contribute at this time as they would wish to. For 

the same reason, the level of detail of the various proposed experiments varies 

widely and estimates of experiment costs have not been included. 

All of us would welcome an opportunity to develop a more detailed, comprehensive, and integrated program. 

The discussions and deliberations which have accompanied the preparation 

of this document have made it clear to us that a manned earth-orbiting laboratory would be of inestimable value to a wide variety of scientific activities 

basic to civilian and defense matters of major national significance. We 

believe very strongly that the presence of men in the orbiting laboratory will 

be necessary to exploit properly its many exciting potentials. Section II of 

this document presents a resume of some of the many considerations which have 

brought us to this position. 
Very truly yours, 

„--71 -- (7 

■ ,." 

Ralp A. Sawyer 

Vice-President for erearch 

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Dr. Peter C. Badgley December 2, 1963 

Section V of this document presents a brief description of the research 

capabilities of The University of Michigan. You are perhaps aware of the 

magnitude and scope of our research program. During the last fiscal year, our 

research activities sponsored by government, industry, foundations, and the 

State of Michigan were funded at approximately $36,000,000. The program 

ranges broadly over nearly all disciplines, and covers the spectrum from the 

small, highly individualistic project of a single faculty man with one or 

two graduate students to large and complex interdisciplinary projects involving large numbers of staff members, extensive field operations, and 

major subcontracting. We would like very much to bring this capability to 

bear upon the highly promising and exciting Manned Orbiting Laboratory 

program. 

Please keep us informed of your progress, and call upon us for whatever 

assistance the University can provide. 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section 

Introduction 

The Need for Human Beings on Board General Purpose 

Orbiting Experimental Stations II 

Abstracts of Experiments III 

Description of Experiments IV 

Research Capabilities of The University of Michigan V 

Biographies VI 

Space Research at the University Appendix A* 

Experiment 2.3 Classified 

Supplement* 

*Separate enclosures 
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I 

INTRODUCTION 

The concept of a Manned Orbiting Laboratory, presently under consideration by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, opens 

up the possibility of conducting a large number of novel and effective 

scientific experiments to provide a greatly increased understanding of 

many physical and biological phenomena and to realize practical applications of this knowledge. Members of the teaching and research faculty 

of The University of Michigan have considered the implications of this 

new medium for scientific investigation and have suggested a number of 

specific experimental programs which they believe would add significantly to the .fund of knowledge in their own scientific disciplines. 

Descriptions of these experiments are collected in this document as a 

means of providing a broad view of the many possibilities of space 

experimentation and as an indication of the substantial interest of the 

University's faculty in participating in this new direction of research. 

In examining the operational requirements for successfully performing sophisticated types of space experiments, the staff members who 

have proposed the experiments described in this report considered the 

requirements for stationing men aboard the space vehicle to conduct the 

experiments. Their conclusions concerning the increased capabilities of 

manned experiments have been summarized in Section II. 

The experiments which have been suggested cover a very broad range 

of topics, but do not represent the complete interest of the University's 

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staff. Because of the limited time available for review and analysis, 

many of the staff could not study the research possibilities in sufficient 

depth and therefore chose to consider the matter further, with the intention 

of proposing experimental programs at a later date, A summary view of the 

experiments which have been suggested in time for inclusion in this report 

is presented in Section III which describes the essential nature of each 

experiment in the form of an abstract. A detailed description of each of 

the experibieets is given in Section IV. A number of these experiments for 

example, those on radio astronomy, and studies of the characteristics of the 

ionosphere, are direct outgrowths of current University space research programs of considerable magnitude and duration, and therefore represent directions for new experimentation in which the University has unusual interest 

and capabilities, Other proposed experiments, such as the observation of 

environmental constraints on fish behavior,represent decidedly new approaches 

to the acquisition of knowledge and can therefore be presented at this time 

only in general terms, since they will require some preliminary experimental 

results to define their areas of usefulness. 

The discussion of item 2 dealing with the subject of comparative 

multispectral sensing, is somewhat broader in scope than the other experiments, since it deals with a range of sensing instrumentation which would 

be useful for many types of individual investigations, particularly those 

which rely on the observation of the earth and its atmosphere by means of 

photographic, infrared, radar, and passive microwave imaging devices. Thus, 

the presentation in multispectral remote sensing proposes system and conceptual aspects as well as scientific experiments involving the joint 
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participation of a large number of departments of the University. A 

research program of substantial magnitude which has been conducted at the 

University for some years has been devoted to research in remote sensing 

of the environment. On the basis of this experience, we are convinced that 

a single system of comparative multispectral sensing instrumentation can be 

developed which will serve many of the important experiments for the various 

earth science disciplines. An operational system for use in such investigations can be achieved after a minimum of preliminary experimentation. In 

order to provide such equipment and to coordinate the collection and analysis 

of results for a variety of experimenters, a Comparative Multispectral Sensing 

Center is proposed in item 2.1. 

The projects described in item 7 are not experiments in themselves 

but are intended to lead to the establishment of special facilities, in the 

areas of data processing and library-like functions, which would furnish 

valuable assistance to the experimental staff in the MOL. 

A further indication of interest on the part of the University staff in 

the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program is provided in Section VI, which contains the biographical summaries of many of the teaching and research staff 

who have evidenced an interest in the program. As in the case of the experiments, this list is by no means an exhaustive one. 

General information on the broad range of research activities of The 

University of Michigan is presented in Section V. Appendix A supplements 

this general information with a discussion of the past and present participation of the University in the various aspects of space research. 
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II 

THE NEED FOR HUMAN BEINGS ON BOARD 

GENERAL PURPOSE ORBITING EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS 

Introduction 

Serious contemplation of the construction and operation of a Manned 

Orbiting Laboratory entails, at the outset, judgments regarding two fundamental questions: do the benefits likely to be derived from the rapid and 

thorough exploitation of the space about the earth warrant the required 

commitment of a significant fraction of the nation's resources, human and 

other, and does achievement of those benefits require the presence of 

human beings on board the orbiting laboratory? 

Concerning the first question, the staff of The University of Michigan 

believes generally the anticipated benefits to be worth the costs. With 

regard to the second question, it is the consensus of the University staff 

that the presence of human beings on board the orbiting laboratory is for 

some purposes a sine 22 non and for many others highly desirable. It is 

believed that not all experiments can be performed automatically or by 

remote control, that many experiments can be performed more satisfactorily 

and more expeditiously by human beings than they can be done automatically 

or by remote control, and finally, that for equivalent results the cost of 

experimentation in orbit would be much greater when done automatically or 

by remote control than when done by humans in an orbiting laboratory. The 

arguments leading to these conclusions are sufficiently diverse and general 

that it has been deemed useful to assemble them in one place rather than 
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discussing them in the context of specific experiments. 

The factors relevant to the need for humans in the orbiting laboratory 

appear to fall into groups concerned with the five general subjects: (1) 

man as a subject of experiments (2) the nature of experimental activity, 

(3) the present state of the art of automatic and remote operations as 

compared to direct human participation, (4) equipment reliability in an 

incompletely specified environment, and (5) comparative costs of human 

and automatic experimental systems. 

Man as a Subject of Experimentation 

Assuming it has been decided that man must go into space for reasons 

other than experimentation (e.g., for military purposes) his responses to 

that environment must be learned. This cannot be accomplished without 

studying his physiological and psychological behavior over extended periods 

in that environment. Little more needs to be said on this subject. The 

remainder of the discussion will be concerned with activities not requiring man as a subject of the experimentation. 

The Naturef Experime 

There have been many splendid achievements in space to date, using 

automatic and/or remote control TIROS, the communication satellites, a 

number of measurement programs of solar and cosmic emanations and influences, to mention a few. In general these have been engineering triumph„, 3 

in which man has capitalized on what he could predict with confidence and 

a capability for putting objects into orbit with reasonable precision. 

There are, of course, a number of other essentially engineering programs 

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which could be handled similarly to advantage. It is in learning more 

about the less well understood or discovering the presently unknown 

phenomena that it becomes most desirable to use man, with his peculiar 

capabilities for using judgment, exercising imagination, and making 

decisions, in space. 

The course of increase in fundamental knowledge is never predictable 

by definition. Experiment nominally progresses from a few predictable 

steps to a branch point requiring a decision, based on the results of the 

operations up to that point, to proceed along one of two or more possible 

paths. Whichever subsequent sequence is selected will involve additional 

branch points, not all of which can be anticipated. Hence an experiment 

of any complexity will involve unanticipated occurrences requiring changes 

in the parameters of the equipment or operation, improvisation on the part 

of the investigator, and, on occasion, changes in the basic nature of the 

experiment because partial completion reveals some unforeseen goal of far 

greater importance than the original objective. Thus experimentation is 

a typically human activity resembling other human activities, such as 

politics, in that it requires great flexibility in accommodating the 

activities of each step to continuously changing circumstances. 

Caiabilitiès of Automatic and Remote Controlled Operations as Contrasted 

it Direct 1uman a ticipation 

Automation is currently much discussed and not too well understood. 

It is popularly supposed, because of the extent of technological unemployment and the resultant publicity, that automation is a highly developed 

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art. The truth of the matter is that people displaced by automatic 

machinery were engaged in repetitive tasks that exercised only a minuscule portion of their capabilities. In fact, the tasks which can now 

be performed by devices are restricted to fairly routine operations. The 

most sophisticated automatic machinery the modern digital computer, can 

make some simple types of decisions but he 

sequences of operations folio he de pecif d in 

advance. The fact that such machinery can perform a great many tasks with 

great rapidity tends to obscure the simple nature of the tasks. A theory 

of adaptive, self-learning and self-repairing mechanisms is beginning to be 

formulated, but has not yet produced any results indicating significantly 

greater capability than the large computers. Therefore it is safe to say 

that automation has not advanced to the point where it can play a dominant 

role, in experimental activities. 

Direct participation of humans in experimental activities permits 

significantly greater experimental complexity because the man can make 

value judgments, employ pattern recognition, change the goals of the 

experit and improvise based on a lifetime of accumulated experience 

and training. These capabilities, as yet unattainable in devices, permit 

the human to refine an experiment at each step based on results of prior 

steps; select and change subject material (e.g., aim pictorial sensing 

devices) edit data for transmission over band-limited data links, and in 

fact perform any feasible act requiring judgment. 

In the foregoing it is not apparent that the human could not function 

as well remotely connected to the experiment by a data link capable of 

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transmitting pictorial and numerical data. He cannot. A human being 

senses and interprets his immediate environment in a complex fashion, not 

too well understood, integrating inputs from his senses of sight, hearing, 

smell, taste, tactile sense, kinesthetic sense and possibly others with 

his memory. The use of device sensors and a data link to put a human in 

contact with his experiment fails to provide for a large portion of the 

inputs he would employ were he located at the site of the experiment. 

Humans are not normally aware of the diversity of sensory sources they 

customarily employ until deprived of them. As one example: the military 

services have on occasion attempted to improve the visual performance of 

troops by developing glasses or binoculars of various special types which 

give magnification, increased light gathering power, or some other desirable 

feature. In all cases to date these devices, although useful in restricted 

special situations, have been found to degrade over-all visual performance 

when general use was attempted. The reason appears to be that the eyebrain combination is an extremely flexible combination of a number of different capabilities. The use of binoculars forces a reduction in total 

usable viewing angle cutting off peripheral vision. Peripheral vision, 

although not having great geometrical resolution does provide high light 

sensitivity and even higher sensitivity to moving targets. Thus, for 

general application, no matter what improvement in foveal vision is 

achieved by devices, net performance is degraded by abandoning use of 

foveal and peripheral vision integrated by the brain. A human operating 

at the end of a data link is crippled by loss of the peripheral aspects 

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of most of his senses. This is borne out by the fact that, in astronomy, 

more details of Mars' surface can be discerned by direct observation of a 

telescopic image than by observation of photographs of that image. The 

image motion compensation of the eye-brain combination appears to be better 

than any machine built to date. 

Ealainment Reliability in a Not cely o viron n 

Until recently equipment reliability was not studied as a recognized 

discipline. Neither failure processes themselves nor the environmental 

factors causing them received much attention. That is now beginning to 

change but the attainment of reliability is ill more of an art than a 

science. Prior to World War II machines and structures were relatively 

not very complex and in most cases satisfactory reliability could be 

assured by overdesign. 

In building equipment to be placed in orbit, weight and power 

restrictions limit opportunity to ensure reliability by overdesign. At 

the same time cost of equipment failure is increased manyfold. Attempts 

to improve reliability result in building expensive installations simulating the space environment to test equipment to be orbited. Despite 

site and cost these installations give only partial information. There 

are two prominent reasons for this: fir he precise nature of the 

space environment is unknown and second, earth-bound test facilities 

cannot simulate faithfully all the known aspects of the space environment. Zero gravity cannot be simulated for any length of time. Vacuum 

conditions can be simulated well but not all the way down to space 

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pressures. Simulation of thermal radiation exchange can be accomplished 

less satisfactorily and that of the high energy particle environment not 

at all. As a result many of the equipments lofted into space fail 

partially or completely, some for reasons which are later understood and 

others for reasons not as yet determined. What is known about failures 

in orbit indicates that, for the most part, they represent easily repairable component breakdowns rather than catastrophic failures. That is, 

they would be corrected easily if a human being were there to observe the 

nature of the failure and take corrective action or to initiate an alternative mode of operation to compensate for an uncorrectable failure of 

some component. The occasions on which Mercury astronauts took just that 

type of action are illustrative. When experimental apparatus more complex 

than that carried on the Mercury flights is lofted into orbit, there seems 

little doubt that the attendance of humans will be required to correct or 

compensate for minor breakdowns, and to describe more adequately the nature 

of failures and the environmental factors causing them so that future generations of apparatus more appropriate to the environment can be designed. 

ComparativeCosts of Human and Automatic Experimental Systems 

In view of the factors discussed thus far, there can be little doubt 

that the total cost of obtaining extensive results from orbital experimentation will in the long run be far less with manned systems than with 

unmanned systems. A high initial cost is involved to provide a viable 

environment for man in the orbiting laboratory. After that, however, manes 

flexibility will, over a number of experiments, save much more than the 

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cost of placing him in the laboratory. He can repair minor breakdowns 

and avoid the necessity of lofting a replacement apparatus. He can 

deactivate equipment at the first sign of malfunction and minimize the 

extent of the damage, increasing the likelihood of successful repair, 

i.e., he can act as a very sophisticated protective fuse. When exp 

mental equipment is designed for human operation it can, after its 

original function has been served, be adapted to other experimental uses. 

Some equipment can, in fact, be designed to function as a component common 

to a number of experiments. If the estimate of $1,500 per pound to place 

objects in orbit is approximately correct, the reease of apparatus and the 

employment of multipurpose apparatus could, as time goes on and orbital 

experimentation increases more than compensate for placing humans in 

orbit, 

C 

To support the preceding conclusion, consider a number of surface 

activities similar to orbital exp 'on. Experimental work is presently being carried on in the Antarctic, in atomic energy "hot" laboratories and at great depths under the sea, In all these circumstances it 

pensive to provide for the presence of humans. The costs for these 

purposes are not radically different from the costs of maintaining man in 

orbit. Nevertheless men are supported in those places because no more 

satisfactory way has been found to obtain equivalent information bar the 

same cost. Therefore it is believed that the desired extensive orbital 

experimentation cannot all be accomplished without man in space and even 
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though the goals of the experimentation were reduced to those achievable 

without man in space, even those restricted goals can be reached faster 

and with less cost with man's presence in the orbiting laboratory. 

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III 

ABSTRACTS OF EXPERIMENTS 

In this section, an abstract is given for each of the proposed 

experiments or related projects. A more complete description of each 

experiment is contained in Section IV. 

The individual experiments are grouped into the following categories: 

1. Astronomy 

2. Comparative Multispectral Sensing 

3. Meteorology - Aeronomy 

4. Geology and Mineralogy 

S. Physics 

6. Biosciences 

7. Special Facilities 
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1, ASTRONOMY 

1,1. Astronomical Observations 

1.1.1. Reflecting Telescope 

A one to two-and-one-half meter reflecting telescope is proposed in 

a multi-purpose configuration. This telescope is to be used for direct 

photography of planets, stars, clusters, and galaxies of high-resolution 

periods. Photographic and photoelectric planetary, stellar and nebular 

spectroscopy can be conducted, both in and beyond the focal plane of the 

telescope. 

1,1.2. Refractive Telescope 

A refracting instrument is. proposed directed primarily to the study 

of transit events in th solar corona associated with solar flares, coronal 

condensations and long enduring particle streams in space. 

1.2. Experiments Radio Astronomy 

An exploratory program in radio astronomy is to be conducted using an 

extremely flexible, simple radiometer, manually tunable by the observer 

from 50 Kc/s to 10 Mc/s and capable of operation in several modes so that 

various experiments may be performed. The experiments include the following: 

Spectrum of excess radio noise from 200 to 600 km. above earth. 

Radiation from earth's surface and lower atmosphere. 

Radiation originating in ionosphere and exosphere. 

Investigation of plasma in vicinity of satellites. 

Radiation from extraterrestrial sources. 

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2. COMPARATIVE MULTISPECTRAL SENSING 

2.1. Comparative Multispectral Sensing Center 

Electromagnetic sensing techniques now available are capable of producing imagery over a very wide spectral range, including ultraviolet, 

visible, infrared and microwave wavelengths. Important applications of 

these techniques exist for scientific studies in such fields as geology, 

geography, meteorology, oceanography, and atmospheric physics and for 

the collection of data useful for such economic activities as agriculture, 

fishing, and shipping. 

The operation of presently available types of electromagnetic sensing 

systems from orbiting platforms will provide a many-fold increase in the 

ability to sense the meaningful characteristics of the earth and its 

environment. This can best be accomplished by designing an integrated 

comparative multispectral sensing system and conducting a preliminary 

earth-based experimental program to determine the proper methods of 

operating the system and interpreting the results. It is proposed that 

a Center be established to coordinate the efforts devoted to designing 

equipment, obtaining data, and interpreting results. 

2.2. Illustrative Multispectral Sensing System 

The multispectral sensing system described in this item is illustrative of equipment which could be designed for use in a MOL based on 

present knowledge and experience. The system would contain equipment for 

obtaining photographic, thermal (infrared), and radar imagery. A passive 

microwave imaging system is also a possible component of the system, 
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althou„; vpe of system has so far been operated only on a trial 

Technical requirements o photographic and thermal maging 

equipment are discussed in detail. 

Radar 

Radar ent for use in a. MOL is described in the Classified 

Supplement to this document. 

Me u Atmospheric Trans n 

This experiment will measure the transmission characteristics of the 

earth's atmosphere. Signal attenuation by the atmosphere arises primarily 

from absorption and scattering. In the infrared spectrum,the primary 

cause of attenuation is absorption by water vapor and CO2. In the experiment, a spectrometer aboard the MO, is aimed either at the sun or at a 

strong, calibrated source f infrared radiation located at a point 60,000 

ft. above the earth's surface, 

METEOROLOGY AND AERONOMY 

3.1. Observation of Cloud Systemsand Air Pollut 

Thermal Effects oud 

A coordinated program in which observations are made simultaneously 

oud from the earth looking outward and from a satellite 

location looking earthward, is expected to appreciably aid the process 

evaluating cloud processes as a result of the seasonal thermal effects 

the region: of large bodies of water such as the Great Lakes. The end 

result will contribute to basic knowledge of the rain-producing processes 

and will bear upon the question of weather control. 
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3.1.2. Effects of Air Pollution 

Measurements of the radiation characteristics of a cloud-free atmosphere will be useful in evaluating the effects of air pollution; for example, 

to determine how the urban plumes of air pollution from Milwaukee and Chicago 

are affected as they traverse lower Michigan. 

3.2. Study of Earth's Flea Balance 

The primary objective of the proposed experiment is to obtain data, 

not available by other means, which will make possible accurate computations of the earth's heat balance. The spectral radiance of typical 

meteorological targets will be measured as a function of viewing angle 

and angle of incidence. Measurements will be made by means of an interference spectrometer with two spectral bands, 0.3-3.0/A, and 3.0-30.0/A. 

The resulting data are to be used to establish a functional relationship 

between radiation measurements as taken by the TIROS or NIMBUS satellites 

and total hemispherical radiation. 

3.3 Auroral Photography 

Auroral displays are to be recorded by means of high resolution color 

photography. These are to be supplemented by time and geographic identification and a verbal description of the phenomena. Photography of auroras 

from above offers the possibility of obtaining pictures of some displays 

in their entirety and should thus permit synthesis of an over-all view. 

3.4 Plasma and Sheath Studies 

A series of experiments is proposed to investigate the characteristics 

of the sheath (especially the wake) which surrounds a body moving in a 

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plasma such as the ionosphere. These experiments will contribute to an 

increased knowledge of plasma physics in general and will have value for 

many technical applications. Three types of experiments are of interest: 

3.4.1. Sheath Probing 

The sheath surrounding a variety of geometrically simple bodies and 

around the MOL vehicle itself can be mapped point by point using movable 

probes to measure local electron and ion density and energy distribution. 

An exhaustive theoretical study should be carried out in conjunction with 

this exoeriment. 

Elee Wave Propaga.io e Plasma 

Further information on plasma properties and the importance of 

collisions may be obtained through wave propagation experiments in the 

ionosphere. Such experiments should study the propagation of artificial 

noise through the plasma and examine the received signal spectrum at 

multiple points remote from the MOL. 

3.4.3 Electron and Interactions 

-.— 

This experiment consists of introducing modulated electron and ion 

beams into the plasma. The modulation frequencies are to be varied from 

below to above the plasma characteristic frequencies. Information can. be 

obtained in this manner on the magnitude of energy exchange between charges 

and fields. 

cctrometer neriments 

A quadrapole mass spectrometer (massenfilter) would he used to 

measure neutral particle and positive ion composition of the ionosphere. 

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These experiments would result in a more realistic model of the atmosphere, clarify the effects of ambient thermodynamic and ionic nonequilibrium, and determine the nature and effects of the plasma sheath 

surrounding the MOL. The increased knowledge of the mass spectrometer 

characteristics would contribute to its usefulness in subsequent planetary studies. 

4. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY 

4.1. Collection of Micrometeoritic Material 

A suitable apparatus is to be attached to the exterior of the MOL 

to collect micrometeorites and space dust for detailed mineralogical and 

chemical studies. It would also be desirable to obtain comparisons between impact densities and collection densities. Types of material expected include both magnetic and non-magnetic particles, probably ranging 

from appreciably smaller than one micron up to perhaps 0.5 mm. 

4.2 X-Ray Analysis of Members of he Solar System 

This proposal is concerned with determining chemical compositions 

of objects in the solar system. The basic principle involved is that 

radiation from the sun will cause the secondary emission of characteristic 

x-rays from objects so irradiated. By analyzing the wavelength and intensity of these secondary x-rays, information relating to the chemical 

composition of the object can be obtained. 

4.3 Tectonic Interpretations 

It is suggested that high-level high-resolution photographs in both 

visible and infrared spectra be obtained of continental areas so that 

tectonic interpretations can be made. 

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5. PHYSICS 

5.1. Exoeriments in ,iduid Trans hen ar ena 

5.1,1. Pe in 

The performance of thermal equipment in zero-gravity environments 

be significantly influenced by the configuration and disposition of 

vapor relative to the heating surface in such systems. A zero-gravity 

boiling heat transfer experiment is proposed in which quantitative 

measurements can be made of heat flux, surface temperatures and liquidvapor configurati 

5.1.2. Liau Configurationsand Convection Pattern 

The objective of this experiment obtain information concerning the positioning of liquid and vapor in closed containers at low 

gravity and subjected to unsteady solar heat flux. A knowledge of this 

and the heat and mass transport phenomena across the liquid-gas interface will permit the reliable design of vent systems giving optimum (i.e., 

minimum) propellant loss. 

6. BIOSCIENCE5 

6.1. Physiological Effects of Weightlessness 

6.1.1. Changes in Vestibular Nerve Ac P,longed Zero 

The proposed experiment is to determine if zero g effect upon the 

otolithic apparatus of the inner ear is the cause of g-sickness. Correlation of vestibular nerve activity with behavior to provide basic 

information. The experiment is to be carried out by implanting electhe ganglionic portion of the vestibular nerve in a cat, 

monkey, or macaque monkey. 

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6.1.2 Vestibulometry at Fractional Loads 

This experiment is to study the interdependency between two portions 

of the inner ear sensor mechanism, the semi-circular canal system and the 

otolithic system. The experiment is to be carried out by cold air actuated 

nystagmus (involuntary oscillation of the eyeballs) recorded by electronystagmography at incremental g loads. 

6.1.3. Effects of Prolonged Zero g on Bone Architecture and Calcium 

The effect of prolonged zero g on bone and calcium metabolism is to 

be studied. It is suggested that loss of calcium will weaken the bone 

structure. The experimental subjects are to be humans and macaque monkeys. 

Periodic chemical analyses are to be made. 

6.1.4 The Effect of Zero g on Musculoskeletal System Growth 

This would be a morphologic study using newborn Kangaroo rats. 

6.1.5 Determination of Cause of Post-Zero g Hypotension 

Maintenance of peripheral vascular tonus by rotating pressure cuffs 

on proximal portions of limbs, with alternation of subjects between 0 and 

1 g modules. Pituitary hormonal studies should be included. 

6.1.6. Ele romylographic Studies of Weight-Bearing Muscle During 

olonged Zero g 

6.1.7. Muscle Metabolism Studies During Prolonged Zero g 

These studies will include electrical studies and creatine determinations. 

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6.2 Manual Performance Prediction Methods for Space Laboratory 

In order to schedule activity properly and to design future space 

stations in the most effective manner it is important to be able to predict the time and learning curves for those manual operations which will 

have to be performed in space. Tests to measure basic motor ability, 

basic decision ability, and intelligence will be conducted in both simulated and actual space environments. 

6.3 Environmental Constraints on Fish Behavior Patterns 

If reflection and radiation characteristics of large bodies of water 

can be measured successfully with satellite instruments, significant contributions can be made to the understanding of fish behavior patterns and 

the existence of environmental constraints which affect some of these 

patterns. 

7. SPECIAL 0 FACILITIES 

7.1. Development of Optical Data-Processing Equipment 

Data-processing methods based on the use of optical diffraction 

techniques are especially adaptable to certain types of computing processes, such as filtering, correlation, and Fourier analysis. It is 

proposed to develop and construct a compact optical computing system 

to be carried aboard the MOL for rapid and efficient reduction and 

analysis of experimental data. 

7.2. Auto-tic Library foManned r the Orbiting Laboratory 

This protect is intended to develop equipment and methods for providing scientists on the MOL with an information storage and retrieval 
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facility. The equipment will feature automatic methods of information 

storage and retrieval, with the ability to accept additional information 

as needed. This flexible library will be designed to fit the special 

requirements of the scientists and the experiments currently being conducted. 
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TV 

DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTS , 

1 ASTRONOMY 

1.1 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS 

Submitted by: Orren C. Mohler, Professor of Astronomy and Chairman, 

Department of Astronomy, College of Literature, Science and the Arts; 

and Director of University Observatories. 

Two telescopes are proposed: 

1. A one to two-and-one-half meter aperture multi-purpose configuration. 

It is suggested that this telescope be designed so that it can be used 

for direct photography and for photography of slit-less spectra. It 

may be pointed out that a slit spectrograph will be of little value 

outside the earth's atmosphere since there will be no seeing disturbances and telescopic images of stars should have diameters determined 

by diffraction. 

2. A refracting telescope somewhat similar in design to existing coronographs. The aperture of this instrument should be approximately 

three-quarters of a meter. It should be carefully constructed for 

absolute symmetry about the optical axis so that instrumental polarization is a minimum. An equally carefully constructed and designed 

spectroscope should be included with this instrument. 

Telescope mounting: 

It is desirable that both instruments be mounted independently. The one 

to two-and-one-half meter aperture reflecting telescope would be used primarily 

for stellar observations. The refracting telescope would be used for solar 

observations. Both telescopes should be mounted with motions in altitude and 

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azimuth with respect to the principal moments of inertia of the manned orbital 

laboratory. The refractor must be provided with a rotational motion about the 

optical axis of the objective so that polarization effects can be easily and 

accurately evaluated. 

T-‘), 

med that b e photoelectric devices will provide a lock-on 

type of guiding with rapid setting motions that can be manually controlled. 

The accuracy of guiding should be significantly better than one second of arc 

with visual supervision. The resolving power of these telescopes should be onetenth of a second of arc or better, and focal lengths should be chosen that will 

make possible photographic rding of such fine structure. 

ves: 

The one to two-and-one—half meter reflecting telescope. 

A. Direct photography of planets stars, clusters and galaxies of 

high resolution. Faint (ultravics'..eu visual and infrared) magnitudes. The small image size and the dark. sky that can be 

attained in a manned orbiting laboratory should make this equipment more effective for direct photography than any planned 

al telescope. Astrometric work of all kinds should be 

far more accurate than from any terrestrial site. 

B. Photographic and photoelectric planetary, stellar and nebular 

'oscopy both in and beyond the focal plane of the telescope. 

With accurate guiding, e will be no need of a slit except for 

U objects. Init ,c pic survey should cover 

moder= 5 l areas of the sky, perhaps five degrees in diameter. 

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Astronomers still remain almost totally ignorant of the ultraviolet 

spectrum of any object other than the sun. One attractive prospect 

is the possibility of studying atomic and molecular hydrogen in the 

interstellar medium. 

2. The refracting telescope. 

This instrument would be directed primarily to the study of transit 

events in the solar corona a associated with solar flares, coronal condensations and long enduring particle streams in space. The coronal 

structures and the extent of these features should be observed in 

detail. Their intensities should be measured as functions of the wavelength and radial distance from the sun. Spectra of solar prominences 

will merit detailed study at wavelengths short of 3000 A. 

Supporting Investigations: 

Dispersing media, such as spectroscopes, interferometers and polarizing 

interference filters will need considerable development for use in the analysis 

of monochromatic spectrum lines originating in astronomical objects, for example, 

the solar corona. 

It is probable that an expensive investigation will be required into the 

proper methods of figuring large telescope mirrors and preserving this figure 

under the conditions obtaining in an orbiting laboratory. If the laboratory is 

alternately illuminated by the sun and then shaded from it by the earth, or if 

the conditions of illumination change as the telescope is pointed to different 

celestial objects, it may be difficult to attain optical stability of the order 

of a tenth of a second of arc. 

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Earth basel observations in support of solar ultraviolet photography will 

require direct telephone links with the McMath-EUlbert Observatory so that 

observations of transient solar phenomena can be rapidly coordinated. It is 

anticipated that photographic records of all observations made in the manned 

orbiting laboratory can be returned to earth for detailed study and reduction. 

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1.2 EXPERIMENTS IN RADIO ASTRONOMY 

Submitted by: Frederick T. Haddock, Prof. of Astronomy, Dept. of 

Astronomy, College of Literature, Science and the Arts; Prof. of 

Electrical Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, College 

of Engineering; and Director, Radio Astronomy Observatory. 

I. Introduction 

The University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory (UM/RAO) proposes an exploratory program in radio astronomy as a part of the Manned 

Orbiting Laboratory. The experiment instrumentation package proposed is 

an extremely flexible, simple radiometer, manually tunable by the observer 

and capable of operation in several modes so that various experiments may 

be performed based upon the conditions and environment encountered. 

II. Scientific Considerations 

A. Background Discussion 

The UM/RAO Successfully launched a cosmic background experiment 

in September, 1962. The results of this experiment are summarized in 

.the attached COSPAR paper.1 A second experiment in this series with 

additional refinements to the instrumentation is now in preparation. 

Launch is expected by the third quarter of 1964. 

The RAO is also an experimenter on both the Eccentric Orbiting 

Geophysical Observatory and the Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory, 

scheduled for launch in 1964. In addition, considerable work has been 

underway for the last two years for advanced instrumentation for future 

planetary probes, probably in the Mariner series. 

- Cosmic Radio Intensities at 1.225 and 2.0 Megacycles/sec. Measured up to an 

Altitude of 1700 Kilometers, D. Walsh, F. T. Haddock, and H. F. Schulte, 

presented at the COSPAR 6th Plenary Meeting and 4th International Space 

Symposium, Warsaw, Poland, June, 1963. 

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B. Tentative L9.st of Experiments for MOL 

Spectrum of excess radio noise from 200 to 600 km. above 

earth. 

Radiation from extra terrestial sources. 

Radiation from earth's surface and lower atmosphere, . 

Radiation originating in ionosphere and exosphere, 

Investigation of plasma in vicinity of satellite. 

.Adv rr.tate of MOI, 16 trasted to an Onna ---- 

Ac t iv ity 

It is desirable to perform this experiment in a manned satellite,for 

several reasons. Fir; tly, an observer can monitor the received signal, 

and thus obtain a first-hand observation of the characteristics of it — 

white noise, impulsive , partially so, static, corona discharge, small 

scale spectral variation, breakthrough. from the earth, whistler mode propagationfrom below the ionosphere, etc. Secondly, an observer can select 

the mode or program of operation of the receiver, based on observation of 

what, e and when the most interesting signals are received. Thir61y, 

make minor adjustments and even replace a faulty 

necessary; cannot be done on an unmanned satellite extremely 

complex equipment. In other words, the equipment can really be made is 

and consequently more reliable. For example ely wide dynrange may not have to be built into the receiver, since the observer may 

adjust the grain for optimum on the spot. And fourthly, there will be no 

necessityfor complex, power-consuming telemetry, for at least two reasons; 

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the observer can act as a filter, to record only pertinent and nonredundant data, and this recording can be in the form of, say, taped 

samples of the signals, observer comments, and frequency, time and intenity of the signal taken directly from the receiver output. 

TV. Engineering Considerations 

A. Characteristics of the Proposed Equipment 

a. Variable bandwidth (10 Kc/s to 2 Mc/s) electrically controllable 

b. Self calibrating 

c. Manually tunable (50 Kc/s to 10 Mc/s) 

d. Envelope and product detection system 

e. Conventional, delayed and pulse type ABC 

f. Capable of handling electric and magnetic antenna inputs 

g. Antenna systems 

long wire dipole (preferably up to a mile long) 

20-foot 1-turn loop 

h. Antenna impedance measuring capability 

Estimated weight — 10 lbs. 

j. Estimated power consumption — 5 watts 

R. Estimated volume — 1 ft3 

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2 COMPARATIVE MULTISPECTRAL SENSING 

2.1 COMPARATIVE MULTISPECTRAL SENSING CENTER 

Submitted by: Marvin R. Holter, Research Engineer and Head, Sensory 

Systems Group, Infrared Laboratory, Institute of 

Science and Technology. 

Introduction 

Many of The University of Michigan staff believe that present electromagnetic sensing technology and the ability to operate from orbiting platforms 

will permit the development of systems providing a many-fold increase in 

ability to sense the meaningful characteristics of the earth and its environment. This can be accomplished by designing an integrated comparative 

multispectral sensing system and conducting experiments to determine the 

proper methods of operating it and interpreting the results. It is proposed 

that a Center be established to do this. Although the Center would be concerned 

with both pictorial and non-pictorial sensor outputs, it is presently felt 

that, for many important applications, pictorial data will be most useful. 

To understand the need for such sensing and the reasons for believing 

that significant improvements can be made, consider briefly the history and 

some of the deficiencies of aerial photography. Starting with World War I 

aerial photography was applied to a steadily increasing variety of tasks. 

At the close of World War It, with the release of many trained and experienced 

interpreters as well as a great quantity of applicable equipment, the employment of aerial photography suddenly accelerated in quantity and scope. In 

addition to its military uses, it has been found virtually indispensable in 

political, economic and scientific applications. Just a partial list of 

the disciplines in which it is a valuable tool may be inferred by scanning 

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the chapter headings of the "Manual of Photographic pretationa 1 

Extensive application is indicated in geology, soils mapping, wild li 

range and watershed management, agriculture, urban analysis and planning, 

archaeology, geography and so forth. Also plans are currently being made to 

extend the techniques to the observation of other planets on fly-by missions. 

In spite of this extensive and increasing utilization of aerial photography, 

many of its techniques remain relatively modest extensions of the capabilities 

of the human eye. Although numerous methods of analysis and inference have 

been developed and the use of fast high speed aircraft has become common, the 

range of practical usefulness for aerial photography remains more restricted 

than is desirable. The principal restrictions are (1) inability to sense some 

very important parameters such as temperature, (2) relative slowness of interpretation as compared to the rate at which information is desired and can be 

photographed, (3) costs of acquiring imagery over large areas, and (4) 

altitudes attainable in aircraft and balloons, It is asserted that the 

development of integrated systems making use of modern techniques will remove 

or alleviate these restrictions. 

Advantages of Multispectral Sensing Techniques 

Techniques now available are capable of producing imagery over a very 

wide spectral range including ultraviolet, visible, long and short infrared 

and microwave wavelengths, Imagery made in spectral bands heretofore little 

used and comparison of simultaneous imagery made in a variety of spectral bands 

promises to increase the utility and applicability of pictorial sensing by 

I

Published in 1960 by the American Society of Photogrammetry. 

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two means. First, new types of information, not obtainable with conventional 

photography, can be provided. For instance the use of infrared can furnish 

indications of the operation of artificial power sources and produce thermal 

maps. Furthermore comparison of imagery in the ultraviolet, visible infrared 

and microwave bands may make it possible to discriminate among objects 

which exhibit no discernible differences in the photographic region. Second, 

the employment of a wide variety of spectral regions may permit much increased 

use of pictorial tone differences and lessen the need for strong reliance on 

the use of the fine details of shape information, which is one of the principal 

reasons for the slowness of the normal interpretive process. 

For a number of years the University has been engaged in experimental 

and theoretical sensing studies in the ultraviolet, visible, infrared and 

microwave regions. It has been demonstrated that useful new information can 

be obtained in spectral bands other than the visible. It has also been 

demonstrated that simultaneous examination of imagery in more than one spectral 

band can produce information not deducible from a single band. Thermal maps 

of Yellowstone National Park and Kilauea volcano in Hawaii have been made in 

the infrared. These indicate that, providing global coverage can be acquired, 

direct information concerning the available geothermal resources of the world 

can be obtained. Other infrared imagery produced by the University has shown 

it to be useful for the protection and conservation of forested areas, 

indicating the composition, growth, and decay of sea ice, indicating mixing 

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and current patterns in streams, rivers and oceans, indicating cloud temperatures 

and so forth. Recently produced ultraviolet imagery has exhibited differing 

tones between healthy and diseased fruit trees. Microwave imagery is becoming 

recognized as a valuable source of information in the field of structural geology 

and it is immediately clear upon inspection of preliminary data that much inforon of importance in this field can be obtained only from satellite altitudes 

where large areal coverage preserves the continuity of surface manifestations 

of geographically large structures. An account of the conclusions and recommendations of some of the recent work of this nature carried on at The University 

of Michigan is contained in the attached report "Remote Sensing of Environment" .2 

Additional c ns and examples of multiband sensing are given in References 

3, 4, and 5. The physical reasons that tonal differences may be expected to 

occur in the infrared are discussed in Reference 6. 

Advantages of Orbital Operation 

There are many reasons, economic, political,ary and scientific, 

which make imagery of the entire earth or major parts of it desirable. Such 

2

Report 4864-6-F, published 1963 by The University of Michigan, 1ST, and 

supported by ONR, AECRL, ARO and NAS. 

3

Report 4864-3-X, "Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Remote Sensing of 

Environment, 15, 16, 17 October 1963", published February 1963 by The University 

of Michigan, 1ST, and supported by ONR, AFCRL, ARO and NAS. (30 copies were 

sent to NASA in October 1963 as part of a proposed Gemini experiment.) 

Some Practical Applications of Multiband Spectral Reconnaissance by 

R. N. Colwell American Scientist, Vol. 49, No. 1, March 1961. 

5" Basic Matter and Energy Relationships Involved in Remote Reconnaissance", 

by R. N. Colwell, et al, Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. XXIX, No, 5, 

September 1963. 

'"'The Energy Environment in Which We Live, by D. M. Gates, American Scientisi, 

Vol. 51, No. 3, September 1963. 

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wide coverage cannot be obtained from aircraft or balloons but could be 

obtained from an orbiting satellite. In some large areas balloon and 

aircraft access is not permitted by the local governments, but satellites are 

not subject to these prohibitions. For some purposes nearly simultaneous 

(synoptic) imagery of the entire earth is desirable. This is not possible with 

airborne craft. Global coverage can be generated in times as short as 26 hours 

by satellites. Such synoptic coverage would be extremely useful for mapping 

crop distributions, ocean temperatures, weather and other things in times 

short compared to the intervals during which large changes can occur in those 

phenomena. 

Placing a sensing system at satellite altitudes does prevent obtaining 

the finest ground resolutions, but many of the reasons for mapping very large 

portions of the earth do not require very fine ground resolution. In fact 

for the recognition of major geologic features and mapping ocean temperatures 

the desired information tends to be obscured by a wealth of detailed structure 

if the resolution is too fine. Because the lack of perfect matching between 

the edges of mosaic elements is a serious handicap, it is desirable to obtain 

as wide a coverage as possible in each image. Therefore, in a number of 

important applications it is desirable to exchange fine resolution for width 

of coverage. Obviously at too high an altitude ground resolution can become 

too coarse. At low altitudes the width of strip over which ground resolution 

is fine enough is severely restricted. (See Reference 7 for calculations.) 

7.Optical Mechanical Scanning Techniques", by M. R. Holter and W. L. Wolfe, 

Proc. IRE, Vol. 47, No. 9, September 1959, pp. 1540-1550; or "Fundamentals 

of Infrared Technology", by Holter, et al, Macmillan, 1962, p. 345. 

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Calculations indicate that for optical collecting apertures between 6 and 

30 inches in diameter and desired ground resolution of a few tens or hundreds 

of feet the optimum altitude to maximize the width of coverage is approximately 200 miles. 

Not the least attractive feature of an orbiting platform for the earth 

mapping function is that the cost appears to compare favorably with airborne 

platforms. The current coat for aerial photo coverage is between $2.50 and 

$4.00 per square mile (see Reference 1, p. 27). To map the entire earth the 

higher figure is probably applicable since there are a number of large areas 

such as the arctic where the costs will be higher. There are approximately 

0

8 square miles on the earth's surface. Hence the cost of one complete, 

synoptic coverage would be approximately 800 million dollars, assuming. 

sufficient aircraft were available. Since a large percentage of the cost 

undoubtedly represents aircraft operation there appears to he little hope of 

reducing this. One anticipated result of multispectral sensing experimentation 

on a MOL is information-:zing it possible to design an orbiting, unmanned 

mapping system capable of global mapping much more 

economically than is possible by any other means. It seems a fair assumption 

that the cost of putting an operational unmanned mapping satellite in orbit 

will not differ radically from the cost of firing an Atlas missile which is 

aced at 4 million dollars. If a like amount is assumed for sensing 

ent capable of one year's operation, a very large number of synoptic 

global maps could be made operationally for a total cost of approximately 

8 million dollars. This is less by a factor of one hundred than the cost of 

a single airborne synoptic global coverage. 

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Conclusions and Recommendations 

In conclusion, it appears that the expansion of the earth's population 

requires an ever increasing knowledge of the earth environment and efficiency 

in the use of its resources. World-wide pictorial coverage is an indispensable 

tool in achieving this. Ordinary aerial photography cannot achieve this 

because it does not produce all the needed information, takes too long to 

interpret and is prohibitively expensive to employ for world-wide coverage. 

There are under development pictorial comparative multispectral techniques 

which may be capable of providing the needed information in useful form when the 

systems are operated in orbiting platforms. Many of the sensing techniques are 

in hand but have not been assembled into systems adequate for these purposes. 

The sensors which do exist have not yet been operated to produce the data 

needed by the earth scientists in order to determine the extent of their 

utility in those applications. Scattered radiometric and spectrometric measurements of the earth's features exist but not in sufficient quantity nor quality 

to provide the needed guidance in designing multispectral sensing systems. 

There exists an urgent need for a concentrated and coordinated program 

of ground and airborne measurements which will be adequately interpreted and 

a need for a series of orbiting experiments based on those measurements to 

determine the desired nature of an operational orbiting sensing system. This 

program must be carried out as an integrated effort by a single organization. 

Since an integrated system such as this is more than a simple sum of its 

parts, neither the desired information nor a workable system is likely to 

result if an attempt is made to assemble parts developed by separate groups, 

each responsible for a different spectral region or technique. 

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The economic value of such an operational orbiting system is incalculable when employed to map the surface of the earth and its atmosphere. 

Such a system will also have scientific uses in studying the earth and in 

building up the experience and techniques required for lunar and planetary 

fly-by observations. 

Should such a Center be established, those other individual experiments 

concerned with related matters appearing in this document would become part 

of the integrated Center program and the funding requested for them would 

be added to the Center funding statement. 

Proposed Teel nical Program 

The University of Michigan proposes the establishment of a Comparative 

Multispectral Sensing Center to capitalize on the anticipated Manned Orbital 

Laboratory (MOL) capability of the United States. Such a Center established s 

in the immediate future, would provide for the orderly attainment of a 

capability urrent with the MOL to observe the earth and its environment 

ultaneously in the ultraviolet visible, infrared and microwave regions 

with resolution adequate for most ear as well as socio-economic 

and military purposes. 

The program to attain this goal, concurrent with the MOL vehicle 

development, will accomplish the following tasks: 

1. Develop an integrated system of multispectral sensing devices 

and techniques suitable for orbital operation. Fabricate several 

such systems for operation in the MOL. 

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2 Improve techniques of interpretation. Imagery interpretation 

techniques, other than photographic, have received remarkably 

limited study to date. This should be accomplished through 

cooperation with interested scientists of government agencies, 

and those with university, foundation, and industrial affiliations, 

but could be separately funded. 

3. Establish and prosecute an airborne experimental program. This 

will supply information for (1) and (2) above. It will consist 

of a program of airborne data gathering over instrumented sites 

serving to calibrate instruments and the data obtained therefrom 

for refinement of interpretation techniques. It will also provide 

the instrumented sites for use in the MOL experiments per se. 

4. Conduct the MOL multispectral sensing experiments in cooperation 

with those responsible for MOL vehicle operations and those 

scientists and organizations cooperating in the program. This task 

will culminate in coordinated sets of multispectral data, simultaneously obtained from the MOL and the instrumented ground sites. 

5. Reduce and analyze the data obtained in (4) above and submit a 

report of the findings. This will be done in cooperation with the 

many earth scientists whose scientific disciplines will be involved. 

This task will result in recommendations for operational earth 

sensing systems and will attempt assessment of their economic, 

political and military value. 

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The program will be primarily concerned with pictorial comparative 

multispectral information and the related radiometric and spectrometric data 

necessary to utilization of the imagery. The ultraviolet, visible, infrared 

and microwave regions will be investigated. Sensing of both the earth and 

its atmosphere will be done. Where meaningful in conjunction with the above 

data, magnetic and gravimetric sensing may be included in the program. 

The unique experience of The University of Michigan in the generation 

and utilization of comparative multispectral data will be applied to this 

program. Contributions to the solution of problems of generating the data 

and to the conduct of the experimentation will be made by members of departments concerned with engineering and the physical sciences, and by the Institute 

of Science and Technology. Contributions to the tasks of analyzing and 

utilizing the data will be made by many departments in need of and experienced 

in the employment of such data, e.g., the School of Natural Resources, the 

Departments of Botany, Geography, and Geology and Mineralogy. Although not 

financed as part of this Center it is anticipated that very extensive 

cooperation will be established with other organizations having experience 

with and interest in such data. Among those organizations are the Military 

Services, the U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

U. S. State Department, U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries, 

the Office of Naval Research, committees of the National Academy of Sciences, 

scientists in many universities and other organizations. 

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It is proposed that the Center be composed of approximately 25 professional 

personnel with approximately an equal number of non-professional supporting 

technicians. The effort would be initially divided in the ratios 2/5, 1/5, 

1/5 and 1/5 among the tasks of obtaining aerial and ground multispectral data, 

data interpretation, optical system development (including ultraviolet, visible 

and infrared), and microwave system development, respectively. As the program 

progresses toward MOL launching, increasing efforts would be shifted to site 

preparation and detailed experiment design. Two DC-6 class aircraft will be 

required to gather aerial data over surface sites having the required variety 

of characteristics and to survey the sites to be used in conjunction with the 

orbiting systems. 

The preceding section contains a discussion of multispectral sensing which 

touches on the capabilities and needs for multispectral sensing, the reasons 

for believing orbiting platforms to be required, and comments on the value) 

economic and otherwise. The comments relative to the need for human operators 

giveninSection I applies to this experiment and will not be repeated here. 

DC-6 aircraft appear to be available; the U. S. Air Force currently has 

a surplus because of its change-over to jets. 

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2.2 ILLUSTRATIVE MULTISPECTRAL SENSING SYSTEM 

Submitted by: Joseph 0. Morgan, Research Physicist, and Head, 

Special Applications Group, Infrared Laboratory, 

Institute of Science and Technology 

To make the nature of an orbiting multispectral system more concrete, 

the proposed experiment presented in this section describes a possible 

system based on present knowledge and experience. It could be implemented 

and operated in space. It would obviously be preferable, however, to defer 

final decisions regarding the details of orbital experimentation until 

additional ground and aerial experimentation has been completed. Furthermore 

The University of Michigan has already proposed a limited multispectral 

sensing experiment for the Gemini program. If it is carried out, the results 

will aid materially in optimizing the form of the NAL experiments. 

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Characteristics e Sensing Techniques 

A comprehensive remote sensing experiment for acquisition of pictorial 

data over a broad spectral range must include three basic imaging techniques: 

photography, for the region from the ultraviolet at 300 millimicrons to the 

near infrared at 1 micron, optical-mechanical scanning for the infrared region 

between 1 micron and 40 microns (and, for some of the work, between .3 and 1 

microns), and passive microwave or radar for discrete regions between 1 

millimeter and several centimeters or meters in wavelength. The state-of-theart is such that all three regions can be adequately instrumented. 

Photographic imagery will yield data concerning the amount of solar 

energy reflected from the earth and its cloud cover: as a function of wavelength, 

in selected narrow spectral regions. Further study, based on work currently 

in progress at the Institute of Science and Technology, may prove that electrooptical or optical-mechanical scanning techniques should be employed in this 

spectral region in order to acquire data of optimum usefulness. These methods 

since they produce data in the form of an electrical video output, permit 

special processing before final recording on film or tape; thus the information 

from one spectral region may be combined additively with that from another 

region, for example, and a single picture produced which may represent an 

optimum image for certain studies. 

Infrared imaging devices will produce recordings of the thermal structure 

and behavior of the terrestrial and meteorological environment. Since 

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experience has shown that terrestrial data in at least two spectral regions 

(e.g., 4.5 - 5.5p. and 8.5 - 13.50 are often much more useful than either 

one alone, several infrared channels will be provided. Other wavelengths 

should be used for cloud and wind studies (wavelengths corresponding to 

absorption regions in the atmosphere). 

Radar imagery provides a comparative measure of the reflection from 

various components of the earth or of clouds. Reflected intensity (radar 

return) is affected by the aspect of the terrain relative to the beam direction, 

by the dielectric properties (at the radar frequency) of the material, and, 

for elements smaller than the resolution limit, by element size. Small angle 

(near grazing incidence) scanning yields intensity variations which are a 

sensitive function of the local slope of complex landforms; it is therefore 

a singularly powerful technique for topographic mapping. Extensive research 

may be required to determine optimum frequencies, scan angles, and power 

requirements. 

Passive microwave scanning radiometers have not been developed as 

extensively as the other sensors under consideration here, but new techniques 

for improving thermal sensitivity and speed of operation are available, and 

serious consideration should be given to the inclusion of passive microwave 

instrumentation. Although comparatively few informative pictures have been 

produced, polarization effects and the fact that radiation in the passive 

microwave region originates from beneath the surface of certain terrestrial 

materials (e.g., ice and snow) offer promising possibilities for geological 

and arctic exploration. 

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Purpose of Measurements 

As was pointed out previously in this section, the multispectra 

sensing experiments proposed herein will serve a great many purposes. The 

numbered paragraphs describe a few of the promising possibilities. In all 

cases enumerated here, data acquired from aircraft have already proven the 

validity of the experiments. 

(I) Snow and Ice Studies 

Documentation h growth and decay of polar pack ice, glaciers, snow 

fields and icecaps, for use by: 

a. Climatologists, for prediction of the total annual growth and 

decay of ice and determination of the long-range weather effects. 

Existing methods of data collection are so limited in scope that 

only a very sketchy picture of the dynamic behavior of the major 

ice systems of the world is obtained annually. The lack of 

definitive information makes it difficult to formulate and test 

predictions or to compute the heat exchange parameters of the world 

weather picture. 

h. Glac logists, for studies of growth and recession of glaciers 

and ice and snow cover. Glacier formations are notably inaccessible, 

especially during periods of polar darkness, and many gaps exist 

in the information necessary for computation of the total annual 

snow accumulation, rate of glacier motion, and useful information 

concerning large-scale growth and recession in various areas of the 

world. 

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c. The maritime services, for iceberg assessment and prediction, 

mapping of coastlines, and the course of the gulf stream, etc. 

These problems are of major importance to the shipping and 

fishing industries, among others. Infrared and radar techniques 

have been established as extremely useful for determination of 

arctic coastlines, detection of icebergs under adverse conditions, 

and determination of the course of major ocean current patterns. 

(2) Tectonic and Geology Studies 

Imagery acquired with electromagnetic sensing equipment aboard an MOL 

could be used in compiling maps showing the world-wide distribution of 

geomorphological features and in particular tectonic landforms such as folds, 

faults, and eroded or exhumed igneous masses. Some of the big problems in 

basic research in the geological sciences include determining the mechanisms 

responsible for localized deformation of the earth's crust and those responsible for triggering global orogenies, and understanding the extent to which 

these diastrophic forces displace the land masses relative to one another 

(continental drift). 

Much of the present knowledge surrounding the cause and effect of crustal 

deformation has been derived from localized studies in certain classic areas. 

With the advent of aerial photographic mapping techniques it became possible 

to expand outward from these areas and gather aerial data relative to the 

surface expressions of tectonic activity in the more remote regions of the 

earth. 

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Through the use of aerial photography, it has been possible to project 

more accurately the trends of some of the major fault systems of the earth. 

Since these fault systems present some of the basic clues to the direction 

and magnitude of past and present forces and the extent of their influence 

on the structure of a region) a complete world-wide picture of all primary, 

secondary, and tertiary fault systems apparent at the earth's surface would 

be an invaluable aid in unravelling some of the basic geological problems. 

Present-day, high resolution, side-looking radars can highlight lineations 

in the earth's surface representing alignment of structures, fault scarps, 

parallelism of drainage, etc., and can do this without the detailed "noise" 

of photography and the requirement for cloud-free atmosphere. This makes 

radar particularly suited to the task of world--wide tectonic mapping. The 

capability of radar to delineate physiographic features and offer something 

quantitative in the way of surface material classification has been adequately 

demonstrated on a local scale by existing systems in aircraft. 

The MOL in polar orbit would be the ideal platform for performing the 

task of acquiring data to be used in the compilation of a global tectonic 

map because the entire land masses of the earth would be surveyed on successive 

orbits aboard this vehicle. It would also be possible, on a demand basis 

to change the antenna train angle so as to change the aspect angle of data 

acquired over a given point. This would compensate for data drop-outs, 

caused by shadow areas on the backside of landforms when viewed from only 

one direction thus increase the probability of detecting important 

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lineations. Furthermore, it would make it possible to operate the equipment 

only when the vehicle was passing over the land masses and thus reduce the 

amount of data storage space required. 

Visible and thermal sensing devices on board the MOL would be used to 

augment the structural mapping capability of the radar system. The infrared 

scanning system would be operated over areas of active faulting, volcanism, 

and hydrothermal activity, on a demand basis and over any other areas where 

knowledge of the thermal environment might provide a more clear picture of 

the state of tectonic activity. Likewise, aerial photography could be acquired 

any time it was deemed necessary. 

The benefits that would accrue from this proposed use of electromagnetic 

sensors aboard a MOL are manifold. First of all is the acquisition of new 

knowledge relating to tectonic processes. The ability to preserve continuity 

of surface tectonic features over entire continental masses and an anticipated 

ability to more accurately project these manifestations from one continent 

to another will provide geologists with data toward a better understanding 

of the nature of terrestrial deformation mechanisms. Aside from the purely 

basic scientific merit of this data acquisition program there is an attendant 

capability that has economic and social aspects that are of immediate interest 

to persons occupying the geologically unstable areas of the world. Through 

a combination of thermal, radar, and photographic data acquired over areas 

of active faulting and volcanism, it may be possible to derive criteria for 

predicting crustal movements or volcanic eruptions. If such criteria can be 

established the savings in human life and property through adequate alerting 

could be considerable. 

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(3) Vegetation Studies 

While considerable development remains to be done, both theoretical 

conclusions and limited-scope empirical efforts indicate that detection and 

recognition of vegetative material, e.g,, forests, crops, pastureland, etc., 

is possible through remote sensing of the broad spectral reflectance and 

Brion characteristics of such material. In addition, research has shown 

that remotely sensed spectral differences may be used to identify members 

of specific vegetative classes, e.g., corn crops versus wheat crops and for 

a given member condition of the vegetation, e.g,, healthy versus diseased, 

mature versus seedling. 

In the experiment proposed, signatures in the visible through infrared 

bands associated with vegetative type and condition will be obtained 

on a world-•wide nal basis. To calibrate the spectral signatures 

interpretation and to assure validity of signature interpretation in unknown 

regions, control areas will be established on the surface in which known 

vegetative type and condition are measured and monitored using ground party 

and low-altitude remote sensing techniques. The data expected from analysis 

of the `multi-band, orbiting laboratory sensor outputs will permit mapping 

on a world-wide scale the identity, location and status of major areas of 

vegetation as a function of season. 

The uses of such data are several, both for immediate application and 

for advancement of scientific knowledge. Agriculturists and foresters will 

benefit from the currentness and scope of the data in preparing surplusIV-2.2 (8 of 22) 
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deficit predictions, conservation measures, plans for storage and distribution 

of surplus and plans for future land use. Similarly, economists may provide 

more valid estimates of crop and forest product futurities on national and 

international scales. For scientific purposes, broad-scale data on vegetation 

characteristics may be used to establish the interactions between vegetation 

and climatological conditions, between vegetation and urbanization trends, 

and between vegetation and major geologic/geophysical characteristics of the 

earth surface. 

Such activities are, of course, currently on-going. However, such efforts 

are dependent on the limited-area, time-consuming sampling of vegetation 

parameters permitted by surface and airborne techniques. With such techniques, 

not only does the sampling process introduce inaccuracy, but the time-consuming 

process of integrating samples to form a composite picture of national and 

international vegetation status serves to compromise the timeliness of 

predictions from such samples. In addition, current techniques require much 

manpower and equipment, both for sampling and sample integration, resulting 

in very high recurring costs. The rapid, complete measures obtainable from 

a single configuration of equipment aboard an orbiting laboratory should 

overcome such inadequacies of existing techniques. 

(4) Oceanography Studies 

Electromagnetic sensors aboard a manned orbiting laboratory offer the 

opportunity of acquiring detailed thermal characteristics of the earth's 

ocean surfaces. This information has particular significance in the fields 

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of physical oceanography, meteorology, and climatology and to naval and 

maritime interests. 

Use of the MOL to gather these data will permit all of the earth's 

water covered areas to be completely thermally surveyed at a tremendous 

saving in effort and cost over conventional aerial mapping techniques. 

Admittedly, the resolution at the earth's surface obtained by the systems 

aboard the MOL will not match that obtained in low altitude flights. However, 

the MOL's more complete data will enable subsequent low altitude flights to 

make concentrated high resolution studies of areas exhibiting particularly 

unusual or significant thermal characteristics. 

The analysis of these world data will permit thermal maps to be prepared 

which may be used to deduceocean current flow patterns and current velocities. 

The existence of diurnal variations in the currents may be expected to assist 

weather predictions, while annual variations or long term trends will be of 

assistance to climatologists in deducing and explaining climatic changes. 

Further, since ocean current circulation in the polar regions has a great 

influence on the climate of these regions, the tendency toward the accumulation 

or reduction of continental icecaps may be inferred from changes in flow of 

polar currents. The steady-state aspect and the seasonal variation of the 

ocean's thermal character used in conjunction with marine biological information should prove valuable to fishing interests in locating and tracking 

potential catche 

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Of particular interest to navy and physical oceanographic groups is 

the determination of ocean thermal profiles given the surface thermal 

conditions. Since an indication of subsurface conditions can be determined 

through thermal features such as rifts and upwellings at the surface 

simultaneous program of detecting these thermal features from the MOL and 

investigating them in detail from the surface should provide a much better 

understanding of the relation between the surface and subsurface thermal 

conditions. 

(5) Atmospheric Physics 

Some of the basic problems of meteorology and climatology can best be 

studied above the earth's atmosphere from an earth orbiting platform such 

as the MOL. Furthermore, such problems as determining variations in earth 

albedo and studying the mechanism responsible for the birth and perpetuation 

of severe storms, can most economically be studied using data acquired simultaneously in many different spectral regions and over large areas of the 

earth's surface. Thermal characteristics of the earth's surface that affect 

weather are of particular interest to the meteorologists and world-wide 

observation of these effects have both scientific and economic aspects. Such 

a method of surveying the atmosphere and the earth-atmosphere interface would 

promote a better understanding of fundamental physical phenomena as well as 

increase the capability for forecasting weather. Since heat exchange has 

a big influence upon the weather, the study of the heat budget over various 

earth surface materials such as polar packs and snow fields, oceans, bare soil, 

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vegetated areas and inland rivers and lakes, on a daily and seasonal basis 

would provide a better understanding of the forces that contribute to the 

various weather phenomena. Again, it is the accessibility to large areas of 

the surficial regimes outlined above that make an earth orbiting vehicle 

particularly suited to this study. 

(6) Exploratory Studies 

Scientific observations from new vantage points or with new equipment 

frequently result in findings which have not been predicted or expected. 

The fields of archaeology and cultural anthropology, for example, have in 

several instances benefited quite accidentally from aerial photography flown 

for quite different purposes. Since the proposed MOL remote sensing venture 

presents both a new vantage point and new equipment applications, unexpected 

findings can be anticipated. 

It is not eivable for example, that some significant correlation 

between population density and MOb-obtained thermal maps might be established, 

thus providing the foundation for a more efficient census and/or population 

migration measurement technique. More timely earth population data, particularly in those regions seldom if ever polled, would form the basis for more 

effective socio-economic planning. 

Another area in which the MOL remote sensing studies will have application is in the interpretation of imagery of planets other than Earth obtained 

by unmanned fly-by vehicles, The MOL data on image characteristics of a 

variety of measured earth-surface characteristics provide the keys and 

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signatures information required as comparison sources in identifying the 

imaged surface features of other planets. 

Thus, while not a necessary condition in experiment planning and conduct, 

attention will be given in the remote sensing data reduction phase to opportunities for non-programmed exploitation of the data. 

Measurement Equipment and Operation 

(1) Current capabilities 

Remote sensing of the earth environment has been actively pursued with 

equipment suitable for obtaining photographic, thermal (infrared), and radar 

imagery. Passive microwave imaging systems have been operated only on a 

trial scale. Currently available equipment is tailored largely for use in 

fixed wing aircraft, and specifically for military operations involving a 

wide range of altitude, speed, and resolution requirements. In general, 

equipment is optimized for acquisition of data at very much higher rates than 

would be required in the case of a manned orbiting laboratory. 

Photographic mapping and reconnaissance capabilities are fairly well 

known. Film formats ranging from 35 mm to 9 x 14 inches, lens focal lengths 

from less than one inch to more than 36 inches, and framing and continuous 

strip modes of operation are all in frequent use and have been thoroughly 

developed. Existing multilens framing cameras could be adapted to MOL. 

World coverage in seven spectral regions could be obtained with a reasonable 

amount of film. 

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An instrument such as the Itek VELA UNIFORM nine-lens camera, or a 

battery of Sonne strip cameras, both of which are currently available, would 

be adequate, with special selection of lenses, filters, and photographic 

emulsions, for narrow band photography throughout the photographic region, 

with adequate resolution. Scales of the order of 1:1,000,000 to 1:5,000,000 

would be obtained, Such data would be of particular usefulness in areas 

involving vegetation and soil studies, as elaborated below. Other techniques 

for producing imagery in this spectral region which may have important 

advantages are discussed below. 

Infrared imaging technology has been developed for the military services 

to a high degree of sophistication. Although the performance characteristics 

of military infrared scanners are presently classified, it is sufficient to 

state that speed of data acquisition, resolution capability, and thermal 

sensitivity are adequate at the present state-of-the-art for immediate application to the MOL requirement. The small velocity/height ratio of an orbiting 

platform allows considerable time for data acquisition at resolution values 

considered to be appropriate, and the operational concept would include 

nearly continuous operation in three or four spectral regions, special 

y for internal calibration against a reference standard, and on-board 

processing of at least a fraction of the recording film, 

It is now possible, with reliable techniques, to secure thermal imagery 

of good quality in all regions of atmospheric transmission between 1 micron 

and 15 microns in the infrared. (The latter figure represents the long 

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wavelength transmission limit of the atmosphere.) Wavelengths beyond 

15 microns may prove extremely useful for upper atmosphere phenomenological 

studies such as the thermodynamics of clouds and moving air masses. Excellent 

detector sensitivity is available out to 25 microns and perhaps to 40 microns 

in the far infrared. 

Whereas the camera measures relative amounts of reflected energy in 

the photographic region, the infrared scanner records relative amounts of 

naturally-emitted (thermal) radiation, which is dependent upon the distribution 

of surface temperature, the power of emission of surface materials, and the 

atmospheric transmission. 

High resolution radar techniques have evolved rapidly since World War II, 

and thanks to heavy support by military agencies, current radars exhibit 

very impressive performance characteristics. Radar parameters can be varied 

to permit acquisition of very high resolution data over a limited area or 

wide angle coverage at reduced resolution. A number of frequencies should 

be considered for optimum imaging of terrain and atmospheric phenomena. 

Passive microwave radiometric or scanning techniques have not been 

exploited very fully. Theoretical studies have indicated that passive microwave radiation, especially because it originates in some media (e.g., snow 

and ice) from some distance beneath the surface, may reveal important data 

not otherwise obtainable. Instrumentation is not so highly developed in this 

area, and careful consideration may indicate that active radar techniques are 

more generally useful. Radar systems have been intensively developed for 

airborne use, and it is anticipated that pictorial imagery of excellent 

resolution may be obtainable. 

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(2) Equipment Requirements 

General 

Equipment considerations in this proposal are based on assumption of 

polar orbit, 250 nautical miles altitude, and a period of 96 to 

100 minutes, corresponding to completion of approximately 15 orbits per 

day, Orbital paths over the earth's surface are spaced approximately 1660 

miles apart at the equator, and the speed is approximately 4.4 miles per 

second. The parameters of existing photographic,infrared, and radar imaging 

suitable for use Under these conditions are discussed below. The 

parameters have, i.n general been optimized for practical attainment of whole 

earth coverage, at some sacrifice in other performance criteria. 

Photography 

It is entirely possible that some of the imagery in the 0.3p to 1p 

spectralregion might best be acquired with scanning techniques. The output 

spectral channels can be processed prior to recording on 

film. Advantages might include optimization of data final recording of 

data from fewer channels, and improved sensitivity. 

Assuming use of state of-the-art multispeetral instrumentation, 

photographic parameters might he approximately as follows: 

Film: 3 rolls, 70 mm width x 100 to 500 foot length 

Lenses: 9 separate, individually selected and focussed for optimum 

performance in narrow spectral regions between 0.3a and 1p. 

Focal length is approximately 3 inches. 
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Spectral separation: approximately 0.1p bandwidth filters) 

.3, .5, .7, .9, le., 2 unfiltered panchromatic 

channels, 1 unfiltered infrared channel. 

Scale: 1:6,000,000 

Ground resolution: 200-800 feet, depending on contrast. 

Coverage per frame: 187 miles or 35,000 square miles. 

Photos per orbit for full coverage (1010 overlap): approximately 150. 

Minimum photographs for world coverage: approximately 2000. 

Number of orbits for full coverage: approximately 70. 

This configuration would yield photographic coverage on a scale compatible 

with that of the infrared scanner proposed below, and the choice of filmlitter combinations is sufficient for adequate separation of spectral characteristics of vegetation, soils, etc. The camera would be programmed for 

optimum acquisition of redundant coverage, which would be affected by such 

things as cloud cover and movement, increased sidelap near the poles, etc. 

Developmental work would be carried out on problems of automatic 

adaptation to illumination conditions for optimum exposure in each spectral 

channel, selection of film-filter combinations, and determination of a suitable 

window material of good optical quality. Existing data on narrow band 

photography will be of material assistance in spectral band selection. 

Choice of continuous strip cameras or optical scanning techniques rather 

than multi-lens framing cameras would have certain advantages. Spare strip 

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cameras could be provided for substitution in the event of malfunctions, 

and the continuous strips would match other imagery more closely and would, 

for most purposes, be considerably more convenient to work with. Excellent 

cameras of this type are available, and only minor modification would be 

required. 

Infrared 

The state of the art in image acquisition with single detector object 

plane scanning devices is such that one can envision employing an existing 

instrument with minor modifications aboard a manned orbiting laboratory. 

However, the combination of altitude and speed implicit in the orbiting 

configuration result in a small ratio of velocity to height, which permits 

operation at lower data acquisition rates, even with good (1 milliradtan) 

resolution. This has the advantage of decreasing the bandwidth requirement 

for amplifier and tape recording devices. The scanning system should be 

carefully optimized for the work of particular interest under the prevailing 

circumstances, 

Assuming a 1 milliradian instantaneous field of view, which is attained 

to-of-the-art detectors and optics of modest dimensions, the area 

viewed instantaneously at; the earth's surface would be approximately onequarter mile square. This number is related to the resolution capability, 

and high contrast objects of even smaller size, especially those having 

linear or one dimensional characteristics, such as highways and rivers 

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be expected to show clearly at certain times of day. Assuming an instrument 

with a total field of view of 60° to 120o possible scanning and imaging 

parameters are approximately as summed up below: 

Optics: 4-inch to 6-inch diameter, 6-inch or 12-inch focal length. 

Scan rate: 35 lines per second for 50% overlap. 

Coverage: 860 mile wide strip for 120° instrument, 500-mile wide 

strip for 60° instrument. 

Number of resolution elements per line: 2,020 (120° scanner) 

Recording bandwidth requirements: approximately 70 to 100 kilocycles. 

Scale: 1:20 million for 120° scan, 1:9.5 million for 90o 

scan, 

1:6.5 million for 60° scan. 

A minimum of two interlaced sets of 24-hour orbits are required for full 

earth coverage. Approximately 1000 feet of film would be involved. It is 

anticipated that coverage should ultimately be obtained in three or four 

spectral regions, including the 4.5 - 5.54 atmospheric window, the 8.5 - 144 

window, and possibly in two absorption regions, i.e., around 64 and in the 

region between 15 and 404. Much of this detail can be determined definitely 

only from early experiments and evaluation of data. 

Although larger scale formats may be obtained by printing out a narrow 

portion of the total field of view of the instrument, it is felt that little 

would be gained, and that the approximate one-quarter mile resolution 

attained as described above will permit identification of most features of 

geological, meteorological, and oceanographic interest. 

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Engineering studies should be carried out to determine optimum 

operational parameters under orbiting conditions. This work would include: 

(1) consideration of instantaneous fields of view of less than 

1 milliradian and down to one tenth milliradian, for attainment 

of ground resolution of approximately 150 feet, 

(2) developmental work on miniaturization of detectors, and packaging 

of several detectors together which would lead to more compact 

instrumentation_ 

(3) over-all system reliability improvement, 

(4) continued developmental work on closed cycle cooling techniques, 

possibly utilizing the easy availability of high vacuum conditions 

in the space environment. 

(5) selection of window materials for maximum transmission in the 

region between 11 and 40k. 

(6) calibration, stability, and linearity studies leading to realization 

of a quantitative relationship between the grey scale of the 

photographic image and the infrared radiation levels. 

Some of the more important equipment specifications are shown in the 

acc( P' ying table. Radar equipment is proposed in item 2.3. 

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EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS 

Infrared 

Item Weight Volume Power 

Scanner 45 lbs 4 ft3 400 watts 

Film Recorder 25 lbs 6 ft3 120 watts 

Tape Recorder 200 lbs 6 ft3 175 watts 

CRT Power Supply 10 lbs 1 ft3 350 watts 

Ultraviolet and Visible 

Item Weight Volume Power 

Camera or Scanner System 50 lbs 4 ft3 200 watts 

Recorder 150 lbs 5 ft3 150 watts 

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Proposed Technical Program 

An experimental program, utilizing presently available instrumentation 

for the attainment of data on the earth and its environment simultaneously 

in the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and microwave regions would consist 

of the following steps: 

1. Fabrication of the required system on the basis of current knowledge. 

2. Conduct of a MOL multispectral sensing experiment in conjunction 

with those responsible for MOL vehicle operations and those 

scientists and organizations cooperating in the program. This 

task will culminate in coordinated sets of multispectral data, 

simultaneously obtained from the MOL and the instrumented ground 

sites. 

3. Reduction and analysis of the data. 

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2.3 RADAR 

Submitted by William M. Brown, Professor of Electrical Engineering, 

Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering; 

Research Engineer andHead, Radar Laboratory, Institute of Science 

and Technology. 

Radar equipment is proposed in a classified supplement to this 

document. 

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2.4 MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION 

Submitted by: Richard R. Legault, Research Mathematician, 

Computation Department, Institute of Science and Technology; 

and Lecturer, Industrial Engineering Department, College of 

Engineering. 

Of considerable interest for military and civilian application of 

sensors operating in the visible and infrared regions are the transmission 

characteristics of the earth's atmosphere. Signal attenuation by the 

atmosphere arises primarily from absorption and scattering. In the infrared 

spectrum the primary cause of signal attenuation is absorption of the signal 

power by water vapor and CO2. Attenuation due to water vapor and CO2 has 

been investigated theoretically in considerable detail and recent calculations by D. M. Gates reflect the physical factors involved. It is known 

that temperature-pressure variations cause variations in the absorption bands 

for both water vapor and 002 and since both temperature and pressure of the 

earth's atmosphere vary, variations in the signal attenuation may also be 

expected. Transmission measurements of the earth's atmosphere by Yates and 

others tend to support the theoretical calculations. 

The measurements of atmospheric transmission have to date been done at 

or near the earth's surface. Both water vapor and CO2 achieve their greatest 

concentration at low altitudes. Consequently, these measurements primarily 

reflect the absorption characteristics of water vapor and CO2 that is, the 

attenuation effects of other atmospheric constituents are masked. Therefore, 

transmission models for paths at or near the earth's surface cannot easily be 

extrapolated to paths at very high altitudes. 

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The transmission characteristics of high altitude paths have not 

been measured. While it is theoretically possible to derive high 

altitude atmospheric attenuation characteristics from information about 

the composition of the atmosphere at these altitudes, measurements are 

required to support the calculations. There are many paths of interest 

to equipment designers and it is not possible nor practical to measure all 

such paths. What is needed are measurements which support a theoretically 

derived model of the atmosphere. 

Transmission measurements require a known source of radiation. Since 

the path lengths should be long in order to obtain measurable attenuation 

values for the weaker atmospheric constituents, the source must be fairly 

intense. The spectrum of the radiant source must be stable and known 

precisely or must be measured during the experiment. Two paths for which 

the source can be reasonably well calibrated and over which measurements can 

be made are as follows: 

(1) Consider the path which extends from an orbiting vehicle to 

the sun through the atmosphere (see Figure 1). As the 

vehicle moves, the length of the path through the atmosphere 

varies and can be determined. Therefore, theoretical attenuation calculations can be made and compared for various paths. 

Sun 

Atmosphere 

Orbiting Vehicle 

Figure 1 

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(2) A calibrated source located at altitude (at say 60,000 feet) 

and the instrument aboard the orbiting vehicle aimed at the 

source. 

The measuring instrument should have a narrow field of view so that as little 

radiation as possible from sources other than the known source is measured. 

The instrument should have high spectral resolution so that the transmission 

spectra may be measured to the fineness usable by equipment designers. 

The requirement for a narrow field of view demands that the instrument 

be aimed at the known source. An auxiliary sensor and computer for performing the aiming task is a man. 

The following tasks should be performed: 

(1) Development of an instrument for the MOL with the 

spatial and spectral resolution required. 

(2) Development of a calibrated source. 

(3) Detailing a plan for the transmission experiments. 

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3.1 OBSERVATION OF CLOUD SYSTEMS AND AIR POLLUTION PROCESSES 

Submitted by: A. Nelson Dingle, Prof. of Meteorology, Dept. of 

Meteorology and Oceanology, College of Engineering, 

Two experiments which would provide important information in the study of 

meteorology are: 

1. Systematic observations of cloud systems as they approach, traverse, 

and leave the Great Lakes area with a view toward evaluating amplification and suppression of cloud processes as a result of the Great 

Lakes thermal effects in each season. 

2. Systematic observations of the radiative characteristics of the cloudfree atmosphere in the Great Lakes Area with a view toward evaluating 

the effect of the urban plumes of air pollution from Milwaukee and 

Chicago, for example, as they traverse Lake Michigan. 

Both of these observational programs require the use of remote-sensing 

devices of the highest possible resolution in both the visible and infrared 

regions, and both might be enhanced by the use of transmissometry techniques 

using carefully located ground based laser beacons. The desired data are to be 

evaluated in terms of the (1) thickness and extent of clouds, and their changes 

with time and location, and (2) the distribution of airborne contamination and 

its rate of dispersion under varied clear-weather conditions. 

The advantages of a Manned Orbiting Laboratory in making these observations 

are numerous. Principal among them are (a) the ability to use high-resolution 

devices for the purpose of determining details of cloud systems, (b) the ability 

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of a man to observe and note especially any peculiarities or special features 

of the observed situation, (c) flexibility of the experiment in terms of ground 

;e communication to optimize or otherwise improveobservations for 

scientific ends. 

A coordinated program of earth-bound observations is proposed; 

3. Land- and ship-based observations of rain-producing weather systems 

at mesa-scale as they traverse the Great Lakes area, particularly. 

e Michigan. The rain-production of the satellite-observed cloud 

systems will be monitored in detail both by conventional rain gauges 

and by such special devices as weather radar, raindrop-size spectrometers, and rain samplers. The objective of these studies is to 

document as clearly as possible the rain-generating process and its 

end product in such a way as to evaluate the effects of the Great 

Lakes heat and moisture reservoirs upon the respective weather systems. The end result will contribute to basic knowledge of the rainproducing processes and will bear upon the question of weather control. 

Work in these areas has been carried forward at this University and is 

reported in publications by Hardy and Dingle (1962), Gatz and Dingle 

(1963), Hardy (1963), and in several reports. 

4. Airplane and ground-based sampling of the air throughout the haze 

layer from the large city complexes do The objective of this 

program, coordinated with satellite clear-sky data, is to determine 

the sinks to which major air pollution is carried through the air. 

Because of the acid chemistry of industrial contamination and the 

alkalinity of the Great Lakes, a chemical gradient over the lakes is 

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anticipated. It is not yet clear how effective this chemical situation 

is in removing contamination from the air. Samples of air at various 

levels and of surface water, in addition to the rain samples (3 above) 

are to be collected both over Lake Michigan and the adjacent land 

areas following the Chicago and Milwaukee plumes of urban air pollution. 

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3.2 STUDY OF EARTH'S HEAT BALANCE 

Submitted by: Leslie M. Jones, Professor of Aeronautical and 

Astronautical Engineering, Department of Aeronautical and 

Astronautical Engineering, College of Engineering; and Head, 

High Altitude Engineering Laboratory. 

Scientific objective 

The primary objective of the proposed experiment is to obtain data which 

will make accurate heat balance computations possible. The earth's heat 

balance has been the subject of scientific investigation over a period of many 

years. Scientists have measured the earth's radiation field from mountain 

tops, aircraft, balloons, rockets, and satellites. The introduction of each new 

observation platform has advanced our knowledge and understanding of the heat 

balance. But, in spite of this great effort, the picture is not yet complete, 

nor is it at all satisfactory. 

The latest and most ambitious effort in this field has been the TIROS 

radiation measurements. These measurements have given us the first real global 

look at the heat balance problem. This is, of course, a step forward, but at 

the same time it has been very frustrating. We are frustrated by our inability 

to interpret the available data. We do not know the functional relationship 

which exists between the measured radiation and the total hemispherical radiation. The proposed MOL experiment offers the opportunity to solve this problem. 

Specifically, the spectral radiance of typical meteorological targets will be 

measured as a function of viewing angle and angle of incidence. 

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B 

The measurement situation can best be understood by referring to the 

diagram shown above. A is a meteorological target, B is a satellite containing a radiation measuring device, and C is the sun which is irradiating the 

target. The radiance, I '

Of A along the path AB is measured at B. The basic 

problem is to relate the measured radiance. IAB to the total radiance which ' 

exists over the entire hemisphere above the target. 

Scientific beicuits 

The MOL satellite offers the possibility of measuring IABas a function of 

0. This data would then be used to derive the desired function for the single 

plane case. The assumption would then be made that the hemispherical distribution could be represented by the function generated by revolving the plane 

function. Using this information the functional relation between and I 

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would be computed for all types of meteorological targets. The functions 

would then be applied to the TIROS or NIMBUS data to make heat balance calculations. This would represent a big step forward which could possibly 

form the basis for an understandable theory of atmospheric circulation. At a 

later date these calculations could be further refined by using two MOL 

satellites flying intersecting orbits to make simultaneous measurements on 

given meteorological targets. 

Other methods 

1. TIROS satellite 

The TIROS radiometer normally makes only one measurement on any 

given target. Hence, the only method available for measuring IAB as a 

function of 9 is by statistical methods. Statistical methods have been 

applied to the TIROS data, but with very little success. The reason for 

the lack of success can best be understood by considering how IABis 

functionally related to the total radiance. First, IABhas a definite 

[-X2 

spectral characteristic, such that IAB =L. IAB(X) d X. Theoretically, 

= 0 and but in practice if ).1 = 0.311 and X 2 = 30{1 all the 

significant radiation will be included. 

If we consider that each AB

(X) is functionally related to each 

I(%) as follows: I(X) = (X) f (9, i, T, EA, e

S' 

T

A' 

T

S

) 

where 0 = the observation angle 

= sun's angle of incidence 

T = atmospheric transmissivity 

e

A 

= atmospheric emissivity 

= meteorological surface emissivity 

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TA= atmospheric temperature 

T = meteorological target temperature 

and furthermore the values of E A 

 and F are functionally dependent upon 

the value of 0. This serves to point out the advantage of measuring 

1

AB

(X) as a function of 6 directly. 

2. Rotating ectral radiometer 

Another possible satellite technique would be to equip a 

satellite with a radiation measuring device whose field of view rotated 

in the plane of the satellite's orbit., If the satellite were earthoriented, such as the NIMBUS, and the rotation had the proper non-linear 

rotation, then the radiation device would track given spots on the earth's 

surface. 

Satellite Point being tracked. 

7- 

The difficulty with this experiment is that there would be no 

pre-selection of the targets being tracked. The data would have to be 

carefully examined and all cases of multiple targets removed before the 

classification of the targets tracked could be determined. This would be 

a long and laborious process. The amount of data which would have to be 

collected in order to obtain the desired data would be quite large and be 

the subject of a separate study. 

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3. High flying aircraft 

It is obvious that measurements from an aircraft will be 

deteriorated somewhat by not being completely above the atmosphere. 

However, for some meteorological targets the effect may be negligible. 

Furthermore, there is the definite advantage that targets could be 

examined along more than one path. Some measurements of this kind have 

been made on various cloud types, and more should be made. It is strongly 

suggested that a measurement program utilizing high flying aircraft be 

instigated as a preliminary to an MOL experiment. 

Description of experiment 

There are many possible meteorological targets, but in order to organize 

the experiment all targets will be classified according to a finite classification system. The proposed system is shown in the accompanying table. 

This classification is subject to modification and would be re-examined as 

more data become available. This simply represents a system by which meteorological 

targets could be classified. The operator in the MOL would be trained to recognize the targets by class. He would pick a target as far ahead as possible 

and track the target as long as possible. The only information which would be 

stored and transmitted to the ground would be that obtained during the tracking 

sequence. The preselection of data would be a tremendous advantage during the 

data reduction process. 

Measuring equipment 

The basic measurements could be made with any of several types of devices. 

The High Altitude Laboratory has had experience in the use of filter radiometers, 

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Mou

ntain Mou

ntain 

C) Snow fields Snow fields 

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U) 

MvOZP 

C) 4> 0 

O POWW 

✓ 0 H M 0 

o Fx4 4, A 

W 

0 

0 

C) 

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0 

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H 

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Temp

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0 

0 

0 1-4 

H 

0 

tfi 0 

• 0 H 

• P 0 

4 g 

0 00 Cirrus clouds 

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prism spectrometers, diffraction grating spectrometers, and interference spectrometers, Based on our experience and the requirements of the experiment, we 

believe the interference spectrometer represents the best choice for this experiment. This instrument has the advantage that it observes all wave lengths 

simultaneously; hence, the relative spectral response of a changing target will 

be more accurately determined than, for instance, a grating spectrometer. The 

proposed instrument would have two spectral bands: one band would measure the 

reflected radiation from 0.3 to 3.0 4, and the other band would measure the 

emitted radiation from 3.0 to 30.0 4. 

The instrument specifications are as follows: 

Band 1 Wave number span 

Resolution 

Band .2 Wave number span 

Resolution 

Field of view 

Basic data period 

Minimum detectable signal 

per resolution element 

30,000 cm-1 to 2,500 cm 1 

40 cm-1 

2,500 cm-1 to 160 cm-1 

10 cm -1 

Variable from 20 to 0.2o solid angle 

2 sec. 

1 erg cm-2 

sec

-1 STRD -1 

Physical size 6"x6"x6" = 216 cu. in. 

weight 10 pounds 

power 5 watts 

The following information would be stored and transmitted over the MOL telemetering link: 

1. Radiation intensity (2 bands) 

2. Scan mirror position (2 bands) 

3. Mount position (3 axes) 

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4. Aperture setting 

5. Data set identification 

6. Television picture of target 

It is assumed that the following facilities would be basic to the MOL and 

available to this experiment: 

1. A tracking mount with a sighting telescope 

2. An accurate means of measuring the mount position 

3. A television camera slaved to the tracking mount 

4. A high resolution (aircraft type) movie camera slaved to the 

tracking mount. 

5, An infrared window extending to 30P or an outside slaved mount for 

the spectrometer. 

Time Requirements -- in orbit 

Estimated .time per data, set 5 minutes 

Target selection and lock-on time 3 minutes 

Number of data sets per orbit 5 

Data sets per day 50 

Minimum classes of targets 35 

Minimum data sets per target type 5 

Minimum data sets required 185 

Minimum data days in orbit 4 

Desired data days in orbit (minimum x 4) 16 

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State of the art capabilities 

The current state of the art is such that with the exception of the scanning mirror drive a straightforward design of a satisfactory instrument is 

possible. We believe that a rather modest development effort would produce a 

satisfactory drive mechanism. The estimated effort is as follows: 

Engineering man months ' 8 

Technician man months 10 

Machinist man months 12 

The estimated effort to design and construct a satisfactory instrument including a prototype would be as follows: 

Engineering man months 36 

Technician man months 40 

Machinist man months 40 

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3.3 AURORAL PHOTOGRAPHY 

An experiment proposed by Professor Sydney Chapman who 

provided the information for this outline. 

Submitted by: Leslie M. Jones, Professor of Aeronautical 

and Astronautical Engineering, Department of Aeronautical 

and Astronautical Engineering, College of Engineering; 

and Head, High Altitude Engineering Laboratory. 

1. pescription of experiment 

High resolution color photography of auroral displays; time and 

geographic identifications; recorded verbal description. 

2. Scientific significance 

Auroral morphology signifies the description and study of the 

changing distribution and characteristics of the aurora. There are countless 

narrations concerning particular auroras seen from individual places, and 

also measurements of the changing situation in the local sky, and of their 

color and spectra. From this enormous wealth of facts one must select the 

main features to be explained. As the aurora is a planetary and not merely 

a local phenomenon, a synoptic world picture should be sought; but even now, 

despite the expansion of observing effort during the IGY, such a picture is 

difficult to attain. Recent studies made with this object are not in 

complete agreement. 

Photography of auroras from above provide the possibility of obtaining pictures of some displays in their entirety. Auroras are now photographed with all-sky cameras at a few widely scattered ground stations. These 

observations are not sufficient to permit synthesis of an over-all view. 

Photographs, spectrograms and magnetograms are the principal tools used in 

See Appendix 3.3A 

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studying the entire auroral phenomenon of which the visual morphology 

is a crucial part. 

3. Aclunta&tl_gl_phptograplanR Auroras from an MOL 

a. More complete view can be obtained from MOL as compared 

* 

with ground view. 

Recoverability of high resolution photographs. 

Evaluation and choice of displays to be photographed. 

d. Manipulation of camera setting and film for optimum 

results. 

4. Equipment 

Successful auroral photographs are possible with modern equipment and emulsions, the choice of which remains to be made. 

5. Preparation 

It is estimated that the auroral photography experiment could 

be prepared by 2 or 3 man in 6 months time. 

See Appendix 3.3B 

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APPENDIX 3.3A 

Auroral morphology 

Recent studies made to obtain a synoptic world picture of auroral morphology 

indicate some differences of conclusion. (Davis 1962; Akasofu 1963; 1, 2). 

Observed details, however, will serve as a basis for understanding the nature of 

the photographic problem. 

"During magnetic calm, and sometimes even in a magnetic storm — for 

short intervals — the aurora may consist of faint diffuse quiet arcs 

extending along the part of the auroral zone or other isochasm that is 

in darkness. With the onset of a polar magnetic substorm (DP) the 

aurora becomes active over a wide range of longitude, but especially in 

the post-midnight sector; the kind of activity varies along the zone, 

partly depending on the local time, which measures the azimuth of the 

local meridian relative to the noon meridian half-plane in which the 

sun is situated. The duration of the DP and the active aurora is 

usually brief — from one to two or three hours; during the greatest 

storms and auroral displays there is a succession of such periods of 

activity. 

"It is specially instructive to study the outstanding cases, though 

the more average events, and also those of low intensity, must be borne in 

mind. Storm activity is sometimes (very rarely) so great that the aurora 

Excerpted, with permission, from the forthcoming book: Space Physics, a 

collective work edited by Donald P. LeGalley and Alan Rosen, to be published 

in 1964 by John Wiley and Sons, New York. 

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sight of places pies (Chapman L953-3, p. 610). For 

ico City (19°N), the aurora was seen on. November 14, '_789, 

and again on September 1, 1859, and. February 4, 1872 — this last aurora 

was seen also from Bombay (9.5 N). Thereafter the aurora was not visible 

from Mexico City until during the IGY, on e y 11, L958. Two other 

ICY auroral displays, of September 13 and 23, 1957, were visible 

from northern Mexico (4,5). For Russian observations of the aurora of 

February 10/1 1958 see Mironov et al 959-3, p. 643). 

"During the DP substorms, when the auroral strip is broad in l.a.titude, 

the sky shows many and complicated arcs in violent movement. At times durp wions of the auroral strip the aurora shows strong surges 

th<eir direction of horizontalxtensi n. the aurora is so bright, 

and moves so rapidly over the sky, that the camera films are over-exposed, 

and failed to indicate the changing form of the aurora, such as a visual 

observer could see; in future there is need to make the photography more 

sophisticated, by controlling the duration and frequency of the exposures, 

accord t degree of brightles of the aurora. 

"Akasofu (2) has made a detailed study of the dynamical mor. pholot morphology of 

the aurora during a variety of conditions, ranging from magnetically quiet 

to highly disturbe- ince As seen from one station, for example from one 

slightly to the south of the (arctic) auroral zone, on a night of some 

auroral activity there may be one or more cycles of auroral display. Each 

c ye leides with the growth awl decline of a DP subs toren, and has three 

p as In. the first Quiet arc rises slowly from the northern horizon, 

moving southward, and it may 'be followed by other arcs from further north, 

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They may or may not cross the zenith into the southern half of the observer's 

sky. Then, at what is called the break-up) there is a change, which may be 

sudden, occupying only one or a few minutes. The (arc or) arcs become thinner and better defined; rays appear in them; and they move about over the 

sky, like waving and sweeping curtains or draperies. Also they may become 

folded into great loops (not closed)) which may move along them. In the 

last phase the arcs and curtains may disappear, and luminous patches may 

be strewn over part or all of the sky. These may pulsate or drift over 

the sky, often eastward. Sometimes a moving changing patch can be identified and followed for as long as ten minutes. 

"As seen from a station near the auroral zone, but on its poleward 

side, arcs and bands may move rapidly poleward from the zone; later some 

may return to the zone. 

"During the active phase the arcs may become very complicated, by the 

formation of folds along them — sometimes folds within folds. The folds 

appear always to lie on the poleward side of the arc; they may fold back 

on themselves, and the exact form may be difficult to recognize on an allsky film, because the scale of the large folds is so great that it may 

nearly fill the sky of one observing station. The great folds travel westward, with speeds that may exceed 300 m/sec. 

"Davis (1962; 1) finds that at normal times the peak latitude of auroral 

occurence shows a daily variation, and moves from about 70° magnetic axis 

latitude, in the early evening, to about 66° near midnight; later the distribution becomes broader in latitude, and the latitude of maximum occurrence is less well defined. In general the number of arcs moving south (in 

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the arctic auroral zone) exceeds the number moving north, apparently because 

of the disappearance of arcs to the south of the zone. 

In the auroral cap there are two daily epochs of frequency, 

one at midnight and one in. the early morning. The former is due to auroras 

that advance from the zone during the breakup phase; such arcs are usually 

bright. The early morning displays are usually very quiet and diffuse; 

sometimes they show faint rays; their brightness changes only slowly. The 

hour of themidnight maximum becomes earlier as one moves poleward 

1959a-3, p. 638). Feldstein (1960, 6, p. 61) showed that the hour of the 

morniz g maximum becomes later as one moves poleward. These latitude variations of the peak hour have been related to Stormerws spiral precipitation 

pattern (Nikols.ki 1947; 7, Meek 1955-3, p. 641; Thomas and Piggott 1960; 8); 

but this may be a misinterpretation of Stormer result (Agy 1962; 9). 

"Elvey (1957; 10) recognized a type of auroral change which he ca1..]..ed 

the pseudo-breakup, in which an are near the center line of the auroral 

disrupted or deformed, during a period of small magnetic activity. 

It is probably due to a well-developed fold travelling westward along the 

arc from the laming side. In such a case radio waves are only slightly 

absorbed, whereas in the true breakup, echoes of radio waves directed vertic ally upwards cease to return. 

"Ore feature of the aurora, in both the quiet and active phase, is so 

remarkable that it specially calls for theoretical explanation. This is the 

thinness of the luminous surfaces. These have a range in height — from 

100 km, the usual height of the lower border *of about one or a few 

hundred len; the horizontal extent, in the east-west direction., may be some 

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thousands of km. But the thickness of quiet arcs is only a few km, e.g., 

3, and during the active phase it becomes reduced by a factor of ten, to 

about 300 meters." 

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References 

L. T. N. Davis, The morphology of the polar aurora, J. cal 

Research 65, 3497-3500, 1960; The morphology of the auroral displays 

of 1957-1958: I, Statistical analysis of Alaska data, II, Detailed 

analysis of Alaska data and analysis of high-latitude data, ibid. L, 

59-74, 75-110, 1962. 

2. S, I. Akasofu, The dynamical morphology of the aurora polaris, 

J. Ceophysical Pesearh, 68, 1667-73, 1963; 8nd IGY Annals, 20, 1963. 

3. J. W. Chamberlain, Physics of the Aurora and Airglow, Academic Press, 

New York, 1961. 

l. J. Adem, Auroras observadas en Mexico y Cuba durante el Ano Geofisico 

Internacional Anal.es del Inst. de Geofisica U. N. A. M. Mexico, )1, 

27-34, 1958. 

5. G. H. Garza and S. Adam, Auroras observadas en Mexico antes del Ano 

Geofisica Internacional, ibid., 4, 37-41, 1958. 

Results ofTOY Researches USSR IV. Aurora and AL glow, 1953 to date. 

A. P. Nikolski, On the geographical distribution of the areas of the 

solar corpuscular impingements in the arctic, J. Physical Society, 

Japan, Supplement A-I, 189-197, 1962. 

o, L. Thomas and S. R. Piggott, Some aspects of the incidence of polar 

blackout during the ICY. Some Ionospheric Results Obtained during the 

International -ical Year ed. W. 5. G. Beynon, 62-71, Elsevier 

Publishing Company, 1960. 

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9. V. Agy, The types of blackout, their time variations, and the mechanisms 

producing them. J. Physical Society Japan, 17, Supplement A-1, 93-97, 

1962. 

10. C. T. Elvey, Problems in auroral morphology, Proc. National Acad. 

Science, 63-75, 1957. 

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APPENDDC 3.3B 

PhotoJraphy of the aurora frov aboe 

"As the aurora lies above all clouds, photography from above is free 

from the limitations that clouds impose on photography from the ground. 

But the main advantage of photography from above over that from below is 

the greater sky area open to more direct view. 

"Ile auroral light when most suitable for photography is disposed in 

thin sheets inclined to the vertical along the geomagnetic field lines. 

But the brightness is usually greatest near the lower edge, at a height h 

of order 100 km. The length of the bright portion along the field direction 

is much less than its horizontal extension, and often decidedly less than the 

horizontal dimension of the great auroral folds. To understand the large-scale 

geographical distribution of the aurora we need to know how the lower edges of 

the auroral sheets are disposed over the spherical surface S at height I; its 

radius is a+h, where a denotes the earth's radius (here taken to be 6370 km). 

Hence it is convenient to consider the appearance of this distribution on S, 

as seen from a viewpoint O. This point may be on the ground, or above the 

surface 3, at a height H (H>h) above the ground. The distance of 0 from 

the earth's center C will be denoted by B; if 0 is on the ground, R . a, if 

it is above 5, 5 = a + H. 

"Consider the part of S lying within a cone with vertex C, axis CO and 

angular radius 0; let a denote its angular radius as seen from 0, and e the 

Excerpted, with permission, from the forthcoming book: Space Physics, a 

collective work edited by Donald P. LeGalley and Alan Rosen, to be 

published eerily in l964 by John Wiley and Sons, New York. 

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C 

FIG. A 

Viewpoint 0 on the ground 

FIG. B 

Viewpoint 0 above the ground 

a 

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angle of elevation or depression, above or below the horizontal at 0, of the 

line of sight from 0 to any point P on the border of this spherical cap 

(Figures A and B); in either case, a is reckoned as positive, and e = 90* - a. 

From 0 the center of this cap is viewed directly ("full face"); elsewhere the 

view is oblique, and the greatest obliquity is at the border of the cap; it 

is measured by 0, the angle between the line OP and the normal at P to S; 

we take OC 90°. Clearly . 

if 0 is below S, if 0 is above S, 

0 + 0 0 - 0(1) 

Let D denote the length OP, the greatest distance from 0 to any point on the 

spherical cap. By the geometry of the triangle CPO, we have 

a h R 

sin a sin 

"For an all-sky camera on the ground, the greatest possible camera 

aperture a is 90, corresponding to zero elevation of the limiting line of sight 

OP. The value of 0 is arcsin a/(a+h); with the values a = 6370 km, h = 100 km, 

R = a, = 79.9°, and 0 = 10.1°; in this case D2 = (a h)2 a2, hence D 

1138 km. Thus, the view near the edge of the sky area photographed is very 

oblique, and it is difficult to recognize the distribution of the lower edges of 

the auroral arcs at low elevations. Even a small reduction of the limiting 

obliquity of view, for example from 79.9

0 to 750

, greatly reduces the corresponding sky area, of which 0 is the simplest measure; for 0 = 75°, 6 3.85°, little 

more than a third of the full angular radius 0 of the whole sky as seen from the 

ground; the area viewed is of course proportional to 62, and the reduction of 

area is therefore by a factor 6.9. 

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"The equation (2) are most easily solved by taking a and 0 as known, 

and computing a and H and D. Results thus obtained are given in Table A for 

0 on the ground, and in Table B of 0 above S. 

"If the desired maximum obliquity of view were 65°, the sky area viewed 

from the ground would have an angular radius of 2° (subtended at the center 

C of the earth); whereas from a height of 788 km above ground, 0 for the same 

obliquity $ would be 10°, giving an area of view 25 times as great, with a 

somewhat smaller camera aperture; the nearest point on S in this case is 688 

km from the camera, and the farthest point in the field of view is at a 

distance of 1372 km. The value e = 100, corresponding to an angular diameter 

of 20° for the field of view, would enable more than a fifth of the whole 

auroral cap to be photographed at once, and photographs taken from a satellite 

crossing this cap would give a good (though not quite complete) synoptic 

picture of the distribution of the aurora along and within the auroral zone. 

"The exposure time would have to be set according to the height above 

ground and the brightness of the aurora, taking account also of the blurring 

of the picture because of the motion of the satellite." 

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Table A 

he ound 

Angular radius of sky area viewed, 6 4° 3° 2

o 1

o 

Limiting obliquity of view, $ 75.4 71.4 64.9 47.7 

Limiting distance D, km 459. 352. 245. 150. 

Camera aperture, a 79.4 74.4 66.9 46.7 

Minimum angle of elevation 10.6 15.6 22.1 41.3 

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3.4 PLASMA AND SHEATH STUDIES 

Submitted by: George R. Carignan, Lecturer, Department of Electrical 

Engineering, College of Engineering; and. Director, Space Physics 

Research Laboratory. 

Joseph E. Rowe, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Department of 

Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering; and Director, Electron 

Physics Laboratory. 

The availability of a streaming low density unbounded plasma affords a 

unique opportunity to perform a variety of experiments. The problem of the 

sheath (especially the wake) which surrounds a body moving in a plasma such as 

the ionosphere has been of great interest to researchers in a wide variety of 

fields. Due to the extreme complexity of this problem, however, no satisfactory 

theoretical results have yet been obtained. The absence of any meaningful data 

on the sheath characteristics has added to the general lack of understanding. 

Thus the theories given so far have been based on mathematical models the physicq,1 justification for which is in most cases rather questionable. 

The importance of an investigation of the sheath is twofold. Firstly, it 

will contribute to an increased understanding of plasma physics in general. 

Secondly, a thorough knowledge of the sheath is highly desirable in many technical applications which are critically affected by the presence of the sheath 

(such as the perturbation of the ambient plasma by an instrument supposed to 

measure the unperturbed plasma or the disturbance introduced into the ionosphere 

by a hypervelocity body such as a missile). 

It is also of great interest to study the effects both on the sheath and 

the plasma itself of artificially introduced disturbances, such as the introduction 

of an electron beam, or coherent and incoherent radiation. 

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An electron beam experiment is oi' particular interest for an investigation 

f plasma stability against longitudinal oscillations. One of the proposed 

experimenters G.F.) is presently engaged in a theoretical study under a NASA 

of the effect of the plasma stability conditions on the electron temperature in the ionosphere. By complementing this theoretical effort an experimen, 

tigation of the effect of artificially induced instabilities would, 

therefore, also be of significant geophysical importance. 

Description of experiments 

In order to carry out the above mentioned investigations the following 

experiments are proposed: 

1. Sheath probing 

A complete point by point mapping of the sheath. surrounding a 

variety of geometrically simple bodies (such as sphere, cylincone, etc.) which are to be extended some distance away 

from the main vehicle. The mapping is to be done by movable 

probes which will measure local electron and ion density and 

energy distribution. In addition we propose to carry out a 

complete and continuous mapping of the sheath around the MOL 

cle itself. As from its scientific aspect we expect 

such a mapping to be of great value Other experimenters 

whose data may be affected by the presence of the sheath and 

its cha ging configuration as a function of altitude, latitude, 

relative position of the sun, and solar activity. 

(b) In conjunction with the experiment described in part 

e theoretical study is to be carried out using both 

analytical. and numerical methods. Since the plasma, remote from 

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the MOL is unbounded, a rigorous one-dimensional theory can be 

developed and evaluated by comparison with experimental data. 

The applicability and appropriateness of various theoretical 

collision models and stability conditions can be studied with 

the experiments to be performed. 

2. Electromagnetic wave propagation in the plasma 

Further information on plasma properties and the importance of 

collisions may be obtained through wave propagation experiments. It is 

proposed to map the complete m — p diagram for wave propagation in the 

ionosphere covering a frequency range extending from below to above the 

cyclotron and plasma frequencies. The experimental results are to be 

correlated with wave theories. 

Other important and interesting experiments involve the propagation of artificial noise through the plasma and the examination of the 

received signal spectrum at multiple points to determine amplification or 

attenuation and phase shift. Multiple probe measurements should be made 

remote from the MOL and correlation techniques used to interpret the 

received data. The theoretical analysis of expected results should be 

made before the experiments are designed. 

3. Electron and ion beam interactions 

Noise generation (Whistlers) and instabilities in the ionosphere 

are allegedly due to charge-wave interactions and give rise to space-charge 

waves, cyclotron waves and magnetoionic waves. It is proposed to carry out 

experiments in which both modulated electron and ion beams are shot through 

the plasma. The modulation frequencies will be varied from below to above 

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the plasma characteristic frequencies ue w. The importance of these 

experiments is that information can be obtained on the magnitude of energy 

exchange between charges and fields. 

These proposed experiments will be analyzed using both nonlinear 

ballistic type analyses and by solving the nonlinear Boltzmann equation 

including collision effects, 

Suitabi ity of proposed experiments for MDL 

A manned laboratory is ideally suited for such a series of experiments since 

the type of measurements to be taken must be flexible and of a large variety. 

Equipment will have to be moved, adjusted (e.g., collimation of electron beams ), 

replaced by different equipment for different experiments, etc. Furthermore, 

it would be practically impossible to program all desirable experiments in 

advance since the necessity for certain measurements may arise only as a consequence of previous measurements. 

Equipment aspects 

A Langmuir probe would be used to map the sheath about the various geometric 

configurations employed. The bodies about which the sheath would be studied would 

have major dimensions in the order of several feet but could be made collapsible 

to minimize storage volume. The probes would be small (e.g.,a lmm diameter 

sphere) and would be mounted on the end of a telescoping boom. 

Electronic equipment required to implement the proposed studies would include 

principally the probe voltage source and current detector, an electron beam generator (neutralized to prevent charge build up), noise signal generator, a spectrum 

analyzer, and a multiple probe detection and signal correlation system. The 

following table shows gross estimates of weightovolume,and power requirements. 

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Table I 

/ Ann Arbor 

Item Weight Volume Power 

Langmuir Probe 4 lbs. 250 in3 4 watts 

Electron Beam Generator 16 lbs. 500 in3 12 watts 

Noise Generator 5 lbs. 400 in3 15 watts 

Spectrum Analyzer 12 lbs. 500 in3 10 watts 

Detection and Correlation Equipment 10 lbs. 600 in3 10 watts 

Geometric :Models 5 lbs. 500 in3 

Miscellaneous 10 lbs. 500 in3 10 watts 

TOTALS 62 lbs. 3,250 in3 61 watts 

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3.5 MASS SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENTS 

Submitted by: Leslie M. Jones, Professor of Aeronautical and 

Astronautical Engineering, Department of Aeronautical and 

Astronautical Engineering, College of Engineering; and Head, 

High Altitude Engineering Laboratory. 

Background. 

The adaptation of a quadrapole mass spectrometer (massenfilter) to measure 

atmospheric constituents has been performed successfully by the High Altitude 

Engineering Laboratory using sounding rocket techniques. At the present time, 

a massenfilter which will have sufficient sensitivity — without loss of resolution — to make neutral particle and positive ion composition measurements up to 

altitudes of 900 kin is being developed for installation aboard POGO, an unmanned 

satellite. It has become apparent during the course of this work that the use of 

a manned vehicle would assure the attainment of accurate quantitative results 

with this instrument. In-flight calibrations — impossible aboard an unmanned 

vehicle — could be performed; the present need for requirements for state-ofthe-art electronic equipment, owing to remote operation, could practically be 

eliminated; precise measurement of trace constituents could be made by suitable 

in situ instrument modification and manual control; and, finally, the operation 

of the massenfilter could be altered to meet existing environmental conditions 

since the operator can edit the data as he obtains them and recognize data patterns which would indicate the nature of succeeding experiments. 

Unique advantages of MOL 

Operation of a massenfilter aboard an MOL provides unique advantages which 

will ultimately provide aeronomy data having previously unattainable scope and. 

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accuracy as well as a more complete understanding of the operation of the spectrometer itself. Among these advantage: the following: 

• aole data 

The operator can edit data as they are received, compare 

Mous data in order to recognize developing trends, adjust his instrumentation to investigate apparent anomalies or questionable data, and 

screen the data in order that only pertinent data are transmitted. Per- 

- a prelim .c rural ysis of the raw data prior to subjecting it to 

the ing action of ndwidtn data __ink. provides data which 

have practically-. no deg.,. -ation. 

mert 

In order to develop a masseni'ilter for planetary work, fa 

for the production ofextremely high. vacuums are necessary, i.e., systems 

capable ling a pressure of 10-12 operating 

merit inside. -bound experiments would require vacu ma of great 

magnitude and of state-of-the-art development or beyond. A vacuum system 

of modest capability, placed aboard an MOL, would more than satisfy any 

vacuum requirements. 

Refinement of the ive-ion massenfilter requires a simultaneous 

simulation of env' mean-free path a d Debye length, the latter 

being istic dimension of the plasiva sheatI that is produced 

as a result of 4 hypersonic motion of the vehicle. 'ion 

cannot be performed in a ground based facility, any definitive data perto the nature of the plasma sheath, particularly with respect to 

influence on measurements, and the use of compensating devices, such 

as Tuard .rings, must await MOL experiments. 

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3. More sophisticated experiments 

More elaborate and sophisticated spectrometer experiments can be 

performed on an MOL than is possible with an unmanned vehicle. For 

example, the scope of the basic experiment can be extended to include 

the following (listed in order of increasing complexity): 

a. Manual variation of instrument of resolution, sensitivity and 

operating point to optimize instrument capabilities with 

respect to existing environmental conditions. 

b. Selection of massenfilter radio frequency best suited to 

analysis of particular group of gases under study. 

c. In-flight calibration procedure. 

d. Optimization of resolution vs sensitivity by proper selection 

of massenfilter inlet port that is best suited to gases being 

analyzed. 

e. Investigation of plasma sheath effects on ion spectroscopy 

i) various simple-geometry devices (guard rings, grids, tubes, 

etc.) would be placed over the entrance aperture of the 

spectrometer and their influence noted. 

f. Investigation of the effects of the ion source upon ambient 

composition 

i) interchangeable ion sources fabricated from different materials 

and having various surface finishes would be used to study 

accommodation coefficients, recombination processes and contamination. 

ii) interchangeable ion sources of various geometrical configurations 

would be used to study the focussing effects of their associated 

fields. 

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iii) the angle-of-attack of incident pa would be varied 

with pect try t ie axis of the instrument; to detect possible introduction of surface contamina 

nd adaptabi • y of 

tate-of-the-art limitations make impossible the construeremotely operated equipment having a degree of sophistication 

silfficint to perform the more elaborate experiments outlined in (3) above. 

Man would be necessary to carry out rrany of the per Even for sonic 

of the less elaborate extensionsproposed above, the degree of data redundancy would high resulting in an extremely inefficient use of the instruand data transmitting link. Mhn c s judgment would allow him to edit 

the data and modify the experimental procedure iri accordance with his 

observations. In addition, man has the capability of correlatin.g his 

results with other s ultaneu -received data and performing related 

netts on the. basis of intelligent evaluations of these correlations. 

FinalLy, has the ability to react properly to special or unique event 

of importance for the aims of his experiments. All of these capabilities 

can be att, ed only by MOL. 

Two other important; benefits as regards this experiment are derived 

presence of man. First, a greater zero drift of the d-c electr 

meter associated with the spectrometer can be tolerated without degradation. 

of data the-spot corrections are possible, thereby resulting in a 

urpafp effective electrometer sensitivity — at least an order of magnitude 

to be used in an unmanned vehicle without loss of speed 

of response. Second, at all times the spectrometer can be adjusted for 

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optimum resolution. A "conservative" setting of the instrument resolution 

is required for remote operation to prevent complete loss of data in the 

event of power supply voltage drift. 

Activity outline 

Massenfilter 

1. Description of scientific activities 

Measure neutral particle and positive ion composition of the ionosphere; measure effects of plasma sheath upon instrument; measure effects of 

ion source upon ambient; develop operational characteristics of massenfilter 

beyond that possible through earth-bound experimentation. Run number, time, 

orbital position, MOL orientation with respect to flight path, calibration 

data, verbal description and comments should be recorded in addition to 

spectral data. 

2. Scientific benefits and potential uses expected 

a) Obtain more realistic model atmosphere by incorporation of 

latitude and magnetic influences. (Inclination of approximately 

85° would be desirable) 

b) Clarify presence, persistence and influence of ambient thermodynamic and ionic non-equilibrium especially in vicinity of 

magnetic poles and edge of earth's shadow. (Reported negative 

saturation of electrometers near southern magnetic anomaly.) 

c) Determine the nature of plasma sheath on MOL and its influence 

on ion spectrometry. 

d) Development of a mass spectrometer whose behavior over a wide 

range of conditions is precisely known; subsequent use of this 

instrument in planetary studies. 

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Advantnp-es provided by 

this ncien ::ic activity 

ast d with an unmanned lvtem for 

a, Decoverabilitl 

Since man will be the observer, spectra and related data will 

be available in the following forms: photographs, recordings with. 

comments, notes which contain questions, judgments, correlations, 

and conclusions based upon his on-the-spot observations of essentially 

unfiltered data and events. His instruments will introduce the only 

bandwidth limitations in the system. 

b. Selectivity 

Man will edit data as received; compare it with previous spectra; 

recognize data patterns related to time, position, special events, etc., 

and vary instrument parameters and configuration to attain optimum 

capabilities. Faulty equipment can be replaced or repaired immediately 

-thereby minimizing loss of data and maximizing utilization of equipment. 

EsjuJmmeni requirements 

To insure flexibility a number of massenfilters having appropriate 

ranges of capability 'would be produced within the High Altitude Engineering 

Laboratory in a manner similar to that used in the development of the 

rocket and. unmanned satellite massenfilters. Appropriate back-up units 

and ancillary test and calibration equipment would also be supplied. 

yudies necded to improve our capabilities in this 

Investiate improvement of resolution, sensitivity, and large 

mass number operation of massenfilter 

Study of results from unmanned satellites to aid in experiment 

design for MOL 

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c) Attain better theoretical understanding of plasma sheath 

and surface accommodation coefficients 

d) Investigate operation of ion source to develop improved 

operational characteristics 

6. Potential experimenters 

a) Requirement studies — utilize present in-house personnel. 

b) In-flight missions — not yet determined. 

Equipment aspects 

1. Weight: 200# 

2. Volume 4o cu ft 

3. Power 150 watts avg. 

250 watts peak 

4. Man time/day 10% 

5. 3 access ports to ambient 

6. Orient experiment with respect to flight path. 

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4. GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY 

4.1 COLLECTION OF MICROMETEORITIC'MATERIAL 

Submitted by: E. Wm. Heinrich, Professor of Mineralogy, Department 

of Geology and Mineralogy, College of Literature, Science, and the 

Arts; Curator of Mineralogical Collections. 

William C. Kelly, Associate Professor of Geology, Department of 

Geology and Mineralogy, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. 

It is proposed that a suitable apparatus be devised and attached to the 

exterior of the MOL for the purpose of collecting micrometeorites and space 

dust for detailed mineralogical and chemical studies. 

The requirements for such a device and its operation include: 

1. Panels coated with vacuum-resistant greases. 

2. Apparatus for exposing successively, for timed intervals, a series 

of such panels. 

3. Successive removal of exposed panels, at designated times. 

4. Storage of exposed panels in sealed containers. 

It would also be desirable to be able to obtain comparisons between 

impact densities (via microphone system) and collection densities. Expectable 

types of materials include both magnetic and non-magnetic particles, probably 

in the size range of appreciably smaller than one micron to perhaps 0.5 mm. 

Previous sources of possible micrometeoritic material and alleged cosmic 

dust include: 

1. Adhesive plates exposed to the atmosphere in regions of low industrial 

activity. 

2. Rain water. 

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3. Deep-sea deposits and their fossil equivalents. 

Polar ice. 

5. Sedimentary evaporite formations. 

6. Upper atmosphere samples. 

All are subject to an enormous degree of terrestrial contamination, which 

not only produces dilution, but casts suspicion on the origin of any presumed 

extraterrestrialparticles that do not, in either composition or texture show 

affinities to larger meteorites. 

Our estimate of the weight and e requirements for such an apparatus are: 

1. 10 10 x 10" coated plates, plastic backing, aluminum frames, 

@ no more than 1 lb. each. 

subtotal — 10 lbs. 

One air-lock return chamber of square cross section 12 x 12" 

and 3/4" depth, which could be evacuated and supplied with a 

filter to prevent dust contamination upon repressuring. 

— estimated weight 

3. A sample holder caset.e for storage of unused and subsequently 

exposed plates under MOD pressure. Estimated dimensions 

10 x 12 x 12". 

5 lbs. — estimated weight 

Total25 lbs. 

One of the principal advantages of the collection of such material from 

an MOD would lie in the ability of the investigators to check periodically. 

and qv materials obtained and therefrom to direct the 

operators in MOD to vary exposure times, procedures, and directions. 

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It is anticipated that any particles collected would be investigated by 

means of the following general techniques: 

1. Chemical analysis) principally by means of the electron microprobe. 

2. Shape studies by means of the electron microscope. 

3. Mineralogical and textural studies under optical microscopes) with 

both transmitted and reflected light. 

4. Analyses for various isotopes) both radiogenic and non.radiogenic. 

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4,2 X-RAY ANALYSIS OF MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM 

Submitted by: Paul L. Cloke, Assistant Professor of Geology, Department 

of Geology and Mineralogy) College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. 

It is proposed that consideration be given to X-ray analysis of suitable 

objects in the solar system by instruments in a manned satellite. The basic 

principle involved is that radiation from the sun will cause the secondary 

emission of characteristic X-rays from objects so irradiated. By analyzing 

the wavelength and intensity of these secondary X-rays, information relative 

to the chemical composition of the object can be obtained. The proponent is 

aware that a similar project is underway, under the aegis of Philips Electronic 

Instruments Company, for analysis by instruments in unmanned satellites. 

Several advantages accrue from the use of manned equipment, so that the results 

would complement and extend the studies from unmanned satellites. 

Advantages of performing this type of study from a manned vehicle include: 

1. Better aiming, so that small parts of the moon could be analyzed 

independently. If the X-ray source is intense enough, it might 

be possible to analyze asteroids, Mercury, or other planetary 

satellites without atmospheres. 

2. Analysis for all elements heavier than and including sodium. As 

I understand the Philips Plan, one analyzing crystal and one 

detector will be present for each element selected for analysis. 

With a manned instrument a complete scan of wavelengths seems 

feasible. 

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Greater ch ' e of analyzing crystals to permit more versatility in. 

eliminating interferences and achieving greater sensitivity than 

otherwise possible. Some of these interferences may not be evident 

in advance the start of measurements. 

Greater versa., because of the possibility of inserting 

absorbing foils to increase selectivity of elements analyzed in 

difficult cases of interference. 

5. Perhaps greater versatility in setting or choosing cut-off limits 

in pulse height selection. 

One for all elements than a separate instrument 

for each element (as I interpret the Philips proposal), 

A suitable instrument for this study, at present located in this department, weighs about 500 lbs,, requires about 500 watts of power and occupies 

a to l space of about 2 ft. x 2 ft. ft. No doubt this could be 

miniaturized to a great extent but I have no experience with miniaturization 

and can ive no estimates as to the reductions possible. Presumably this 

could he determined by inquiring of Philips Electronics Instrument 

Company. 

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4.3, TECTONIC INTERPRETATIONS 

Submitted by: Edwin N. Goddard, Professor of Geology, Department of 

Geology and Mineralogy, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. 

It would be of considerable interest to be able to receive copies of any 

high-level, high-resolution photographs, both visible and infra-red, of continental areas that would become available through MOL operations for: 

1. Tectonic interpretation of lineaments and other large scale structural features. 

2. Tectonic interpretation of such features accompanied by analysis 

of data On anom-1ous radioactivity (possible ?) and magnetism. 

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5 PHYSICS 

5.1 EXPERIMENTS IN LIQUID TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 

Submitted by: John A. Clark, Prof. of Mechanical Engineering, 

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering. 

Experiments are proposed which involve the steady and transient convection 

of liquids in closed containers in force fields ranging from 20 to essentially 

zero times normal gravity. Owing to the short duration of terrestrial zerogravity experiments, it is desirable to perform such experiments over a longer 

period of time. Measurements of this kind can best be obtained in a vehicle 

which itself is in the low gravity environment of orbital flight. For meaningful observations to be obtained in a controllable experiment, it is furthermore 

desirable that an experienced human observer be present. This set of conditions 

would be ideally achieved in a manned orbital laboratory. 

The aforementioned short duration zero-gravity measurements have indicated 

that nucleate boiling heat transfer is relatively uninfluenced by gravity 

while maximum heat flux and film boiling are significantly gravity-sensitive. 

These results have been qualitatively substantiated by theoretical studies. 

However, of prime concern to most space operation is the performance of boiling 

systems over extended periods. In zero-gravity environments, the problem 

arises as to the configuration and disposition of vapor relative to the heating 

surface in these systems. The performance of thermal equipment in space will 

be significantly influenced by this factor. Hence, it is proposed that a zerogravity boiling heat transfer experiment be conducted in an orbiting laboratory 

in which quantitative measurements can be made of heat flux, surface temperatures 

and liquid-vapor configuration. This latter would be obtained by high speed 

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motion and still photography. From data such as these, additional information 

concerning bubble mechanics at low gravity, the influence of pressure, velocity 

and sub-cooling could be gathered. This kind of long-time measurement is impossible to obtain on the earth. 

second problem of great current interest, which is ideally suited to 

study in an orbiting laboratory, is that of liquid-vapor configurations in 

closed containers and convection patterns in both phases. This problem is 

associated with the storage and transport of liquid propellants in space. Presently very little is known concerning the positioning of liquid and vapor in 

closed containers at low gravity and subjected to unsteady solar heat flux. A 

knowledge of this and the heat and mass transport phenomena across the liquidgas interface will permit the reliable design of vent systems giving optimum 

(minimum) propellant loss. 

To obtain this information it is proposed that partially filled models of 

liquid containers be introduced into the sunlight from an orbiting laboratory 

and measurement be made of surface temperatures and internal pressure. Sufficient viewing ports should be provided on the models to permit a photographic 

study of the vapor-liquid configuration. 

Power requirement for these two experiments is estimated to be 1 kw. 

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6 BIOSCIENCES 

6.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WEIGHTLESSNESS 

Submitted by: Brian F. McCabe, M.D., Asst. Prof. of 

Otorhinolargngology, Dept. of Otorhinolargngology, 

Medical School. 

1. Changes in Vestibular Nerve Activity at Prolonged Zero G 

Background: It is known that an impulse pattern change is generated 

over, the vestibular nerve in response to zero g effect upon the otolithic 

apparatus of the inner ear, as well as to a changing g. The brain, receiving these impulses, acts on the information, relaying it to other centers 

in a sometimes deleterious distribution. It is believed, for example, 

that sickness resulting from weightless parabolas is due to abnormal otolithic stimulation. Whereas continuous weightlessness has seldom caused 

sickness (cosmonaut Titov) the periods of exposure have been relatively 

short and this reaction may be a matter of individual susceptibility. If 

prolonged continuous weightlessness can cause g-sickness, otolithic origin 

is more likely than confusional information resulting from ears, eyes and 

muscle. Correlation of vestibular nerve activity with behavior will provide 

basic information in this regard. 

Animal: The cat, squirrel monkey or macaque monkey. 

Method: Implantation of electrodes in the ganglionic portion of the 

vestibular nerve, amplified through a self contained unit buried surgically within the animal. Signals may be amplified by a second unit within 

the MOL for telemetering to earth or tape recorded in the MOL. Information 

is processed by computer. 

2 Vestibulometry at Fractional G Loads 

Background: The degree of interdependency between the two portions of 

the inner ear sensor mechanism, the semi-circular canal system and the 

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otoli thl c system,not known proximity and common bound ries 

as veil as their cellular cer air 1.y suggests an interdependency. 

The MOT would be an ideal environment for the deters sir ation of the degree 

of augmentation or litation of the semi -c i r cu ' canal apparatus by 

otolithic apparatus. This study. would be in the basic category. 

hod; ed nystagm s (involuntar,,, oscillation of the 

is d by electronystagmography at incremental g loads, from 

icing non-rotating and rotating modules. (This could as well be 

acme tine Gemini capsule, using 0 and 1 g, without increment.) 

Effect Prolo aged her ecture Metabolic 

}ackz;„°ound e The arrangement, of bony lamellae are sac the 

integrity of the skeletal system u der a relatively constant force acting 

it':tite vectors. Ablation may mater ally mite interfere with the structural of bone because bone metabolism isdynamic process. That 

bone and calcium. ')olism may he affected has already been. suggested 

of exce sive urinary calcium in one cosmonaut. It is not 

inconcei after six me of weightlessness an astronaut may 

step from. hi , capsule, and breakboth legs. 

Imal: Human. and macaque monkey. 

Method; Periodic determination of serum and urinary calcium and phosand alkaline phosphatase, over three to six months. Pre and post 

exposure lograpzic detail of proximal femur architecture specl 

he same bioche a. analyses, includingbimonthly 

radiographs of long bones after tagging bone calcium nd/or phosphorus 

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with radioisotopes. Periodic sacrifice of a series of animals, with 

determination of total calcium and phosphorus, total bone mass, analysis 

of bone protein, and microanalysis of architecture by light and electron 

microscopy, and microautoradiography. 

4-. The Effect of Zero G on Musculoskeletal System Growth 

This would be a morphologic study using newborn Kangaroo rats (3 — 6 

months). 

5. Determination of Cause of Post-Zero G Hypotension (Lowered Blood Pressure 

Maintenance of peripheral vascular tonus by rotating pressure cuffs on 

proximal portions of limbs, with alternation of subjects between 0 and I g 

modules. Pituitary hormonal studies should be included. 

6. Electromylographic Studies of Weight-bearing Muscle During Prolonged Zero G 

7 Muscle Metabolism Studies During Prolonged Zero G 

To include electrical studies and creatine determinations. 

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6.2 MAEUAL PERFORMANCE PREDICTION METHODS FOR SPACE LABORATORY 

Submitted by: Walton M. Hancock, Professor of Industrial Engineering; 

Chairman, Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering. 

The Industrial Engineering Department of The University of Michigan, for 

the past ten years, has been conducting research on methods of predicting the 

performance of humans on manual operations such as those found in industrial 

processes. This work has been primarily supported by the Methods-Time Measuremerit Association which is an association established for the development of 

these types of prediction techniques. 

During the last two and one-half years, we have been interested in 

developing learning curves from manual operations. However, the contemporary 

methods of developing learning curves have not, in our opinion, been found to 

be completely satisfactory primarily because the curves have been developed 

empirically and very little insight has been gained into the reasons why they 

behave the way they do. Consequently, we have been running experiments in the 

laboratory and also in industrial firms to attempt to obtain prediction techniques which can be generally applied. With. a specially built computer, we 

have been able to develop learning curves for the basic elemental motions that 

the people use. This work has resulted in prediction equations for these 

elemental motions, which can then be combined to predict the rate at which a 

subject will learn a manual operation as a function of the complexity, the 

length of time, initial performance level, and the elemental mix of the operation. 

We have also been investigating the types of dexterity tests that have been 

administered to various types of industrial employees which would enable us to 

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and final performance on the ects used in our experim nts. 

interest in the testing procedures has been twofold; (1 in order to 

predict the rate of learning of an individual in a manual operation, it i. 

necessary to know at what level he starts (2) the tests should reveal, if 

at all possible, the basic characteristics of people that are necessary to the 

attainment of high final performance levels< 

results with the Purdue Manual Dexterity Test, in conjunction with 

m t. an learning curves, have revealed the following information 

which is pre::Liminary at the present time, but which will be published in the 

A. The correlation using a multiple regression analysis of the 

variousmethods of rennin tre i'urdue Manual Dexterity Test 

the performance on the manual operations is very high with 

initial levels of performance. (.90 and above) 

3. The correlation with final performance after all learning 

has ceased, is very low. (.19 or below) 

Another observation which has come from the learning cur ve rese. eh is 

that subjects learn the various elements such as the Reach, Grasp, Move, 

tion atentirely different rates. In general, the learning rates are 

h exception of the higher skilled elements, such as 

posz.tLon, which appear to be linear and which occur over much longer periods 

The above observations have led c to conclude that there are no developed 

widely used basic measures of the true potential of a person. to perform. 

operations. AB a consequence of this oncl - sion, we have been very 

developing very simple is which will provide these basic 

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measures and give a much more reliable prediction of potential performance. 

We feel that these basic measures are as follows: 

A. Basic motor ability where sensory input is zero. 

B. Basic decision ability up to 16 alternatives with consideration of 

error rates. 

C. Some measure of intelligence. 

Proposal 

Manual operations will, of course, have to be performed in space. It is 

important to be able to predict the time and learning curves of these operations 

in order to schedule activity properly and to design future space stations in 

the most effective manner. In addition, the most efficient use can be made of 

time actually spent aloft. 

The basic objective of the study would be to develop measures of change 

in performance as a function of the different environmental conditions encountered 

in space. At the present time we feel that we do not have the reliable predictors of an individual' S true potential performance even oh the ground. It is 

felt that if these basic criteria could be well developed, where potential performance under many types of conditions on earth would be thoroughly investigated, 

we would have a very good basis for attempting to predict space performance. 

The environmental conditions found in space could be simulated in certain cases 

where the equipment would be available to reduce the effects of gravity and 

change in atmospheric conditions according to those that are being considered for 

the space laboratory. These tests would provide certain information which could 

be used to modify the predictors for operations in space. However, the prolonged 

effects of reduced gravity or change in atmospheric conditions may effect different 

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can he found under simulated short term conditions. Because of 

'6his factor, it would be necessary to develop and design simple operations which. 

could be performed in the space capsule in order to finally validate the predicIV-6.2(4 of 
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6.3 ENVIRONMENTALCONSTRAINTS ON FISH BEHAVIOR PATTERNS 

Submitted by: Karl F. Lagler, Prof. of Fisheries and Chairman, 

Dept. of Fisheries, School of Natural illoorces; and Prof. of 

Zoology, Dept. of Zoology, College of Literature, Science and the Arts. 

If reflection and radiation characteristics of large bodies of water 

be measured successfully with satellite instruments, significant contributions 

can be made to the understanding of fish behavior patterns and the existence of 

environmental constraints which affect some of these patterns. There are listed 

below some questions which might be answered by the proposed project: 

(1) Can the high-seas locations of schools of certain animals be detected? 

Among the fishes, tunas have body temperatures some degrees above the water, as 

of course do whales, porpoises and dolphins all three groups of which are mammals 

hence warmblooded. Location would be of value in the study of migration (routes, 

factors) and of exploitation through harvesting the animals. 

(2) Can areas of upwelling in coastal and offshore areas be detected, in 

the oceans and in freshwater bodies such as the Great Lakes? Upwelling brings 

cool, nutrient-laden waters to the surface and may serve to concentrate exploitable organisms. If locations are known, fishing effort may be directed there. 

(3) Can offshore water temperatures be related to inshore ones, including 

detection of currents which may affect this relationship? This relationship is 

relatively unexplored yet, and must also be related to the distribution. and 

abundance of certain organisms. 

(2) Can oceanic surface temperatures and currents be related to plankton 

abundance and distribution? Plankton is the microscopic plant and animal life 

that composes the first link in the food chains of higher animals of use as 

food or raw material for industry (e.g., herring). 

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(5) Relative to basic productivity by plant plankton, can the differences 

in reflected versus absorbed solar energy be measured by space vehicular ins 

inents? 

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7.1 DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL DATA-PROCESSING EQUIPMENT 

Submitted by: John M. DeNbyer, Assistant Professor of Geology, 

Department of Geology and Mineralogy, College of Literature, 

Science and the Arts; Associate Research Physicist; and Acting 

Head, Acoustics and Seismics Laboratory, Institute of Science 

and Technology. 

Philip L. Jackson, Associate Research Engineer, Acoustics and 

Seismics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology. 

George W. Stroke, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering; Research 

Engineer; and Head, Electro-Optical Sciences Laboratory, Institute 

of Science and. Technology. 

Nature and purpose 

It is assumed that man is not a specialist in all experimental areas on 

MOL. Therefore, he will require assistance to analyze even the simplest experimental data, for purposes of further experimentation, decision, transmission, 

etc. 

The classes of possible data which may arise from MOL experiments will 

undoubtedly include 

1. Data available in optical form (i.e., pictures from astronomical, 

meteorological, infrared, radar, and similar origin, as well as of 

course optical spectra). 

2. Data in electrical signal form (i.e., counters, magnetometers, etc.). 

3. Other data, i.e., mechanical, pressure, etc. 

All of the data of electrical and other character can be easily reduced 

to permanent film records or to non-permanent light-sensitive transducers (such 

as thermoplastic media, etc.) when applicable. Sound-recording techniques on 

photographic film form a typical example. 

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Advantages diffraction computing imethod 

A dramatic two-dimensional information storage capability is a singular 

characteristic of optical images. It is basic to the compactness and speed 

of optical image computing, as compared to digital or non-optical analogue 

c -Tuters. For examp 1 n ion or so bits per square inch can be stored 

and used for im immediate correlation with some reference standard, at the speed 

in:?t. 

Sc i 

Several differe of c benefitsshould result from the use of the 

proposed optical data (or signal) 

one could single out the following: 

New experimental iru`oratat:i 

equipment on MOL. Among those, 

is al, magnetic. ele gietic, 

meteorological, etc.) that needs to be immediately correlated or 

compared to some reference "standard"; correlation or comparison 

st easily achieved by optical correlation and optical 

matched filtering techniques. 

mat won that must be correlated; 

s bin 'iccorrelation provides practically instantaneous result. 

selection and igtal-to-noise improvement in experimental 

information can be most effectively carried out by optical filtering 

and .oc es ,ing techni and helps considerably any starlemete band 'dtla, and so on. 

The salrie optical ecnipment as used in the correlation computing under 

and. 2 is used for the signal selection and noise reduction. 

Coneion 

Optical filtering and computing has been shown to have considerably greater 

corhputitig capability where applicable (that is in the MOL experimental data 

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processing cases discussed) than any comparable electronic processing. Moreover, 

optical computing has been successfully used to solve problems not yet solved on 

any electronic computers (i.e., dispersion filters), because of the immediate 

simplicity of optical computers. 

Equipment characteristics 

Size: (Complete optical computing system, including electrooptical converter of electrical to optical data) 

About 1 cubic foot. 

Power: About 2 watts. 

About 10 lbs. 

Eouipment Development Schedule: 2 to 3 years 

Weight: 

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References 

7— J. Cutrona, E. Leith, "Optical Data Processing and Filtering 

‘jystems," I.R.E. Transactions of the Professional Group on Information Theory, Vol. ET-6, No. 3, June 1960. 

2. E. L. O'Neill, "Introduction to Statistical Optics," Addison-Wesley, 

1963. 

3. Max Born and Emil Wolf, Principles of Optics, Permagon Press, Nel, York, 

1959. 

4. John Strong, Concepts of Classical Optics, Freeman, San Francisco, 1958. 

5. P. L. Jackson, Optical Analysis Techniques Applied to Seismic Data,, 

Technical Summary Reports, 1ST, The University of Michigan, January 1962 

through June, 1963, under AFOSR Contract AF 49(638)-1078. Available 

from VESIAC, IST, Box 618, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 

6. .R. Rosemann and S. N. Bagchi, Direct lysi of DiffractionMatter, 

North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1962. 

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7.2 AUTOMATIC LIBRARY FOR THE MANNED ORBITING LABORATORY 

Submitted by: Dean H. Wilson, Research Engineer; Head, 

Industrial Systems Research Laboratory, Institute of 

Science and Technology; and Lecturer, Department of 

Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering. 

During an experiment, the scientist must often refer to previous 

results in order to help understand the phenomena which he has observed. 

In addition he may need standard analysis tools such as tables and charts. 

The experimenter in space is no exception: in fact, due to the uniqueness 

of the experimental environment and the relatively extended time period, 

this need for supporting information becomes particularly important. It 

may be that the results of one experiment will trigger a whole set of new 

experiments barely considered before the trip. Thus, it is proposed here 

to build a flexible library designed to fit the personal characteristics 

of the scientist and the experiments currently being conducted. Upon request, or possibly in anticipation of a request, the system would automatically search, retrieve and send the information to the scientist. In 

this way the scientist would have at his disposal both sources of information - personal communication via radio as well as library facilities. 

In general the library material (reports, tables, graphs, technical 

documents) will be stored at a ground station. The space laboratory will 

contain only the inquiry console. Although several mechanizations will be 

investigated, a likely candidate is an inquiry console which consists of a 

cathode ray tube and associated console. The console would be one of the 

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ways in which the experimenter could request inforMation. For example,to 

retrieve a report, author and subject would be keyed or dialed .into the 

console, the request transmitted to a ground station, the report retrieved, 

transmitted and displayed on the CRT. 

The general approach for developing the automatic library system is 

described in the following paragraphs. 

A. Initially, the contents of the libraries needed to support the 

experiments to be performed' in the MOL will be determined. A system will 

be designed so that the appropriate information in the libraries can be 

retrieved rapidly on request. In addition, a method for adding recent information to the libraries for the duration of the flight will be devised. 

This information storage and retrieval system will be implemented by a 

digi 

B. Preliminary testing will be done by substituting the automatic 

library for the personal library of a researcher at The University of Michigan who is running experiments similar to some of those which will be performed on the MOL. At this time the adequacy of the library contents, 

design of the. retrieval system, and the effect of the personal characteristic, of the scientists will be evaluated and the system redesigned. 

results of this preliminary testing on different scientists 

and exile '1 be generalized and the system parameters developed. 

D. Final testing will simulate remote conditions of the MOL. Scientists 

removed from the normal scientific environment, such as occurs on expeditions 

to the Antartica, will be serviced by the automatic library. Experimenters 

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participating in the Gemini flight should be included in this final testing 

phase. 

E. Two prototypes of the system hardware will be built and tested. 

F. Finally the automatic library will service the scientists planning 

to participate in the MOL for a period of time before they go aloft. This 

will give the scientists experience with the automatic library while at the s 

same time allowing the library system to adapt to the particular characteristics of the scientists. 

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RESEARCH CAPABILITY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 

The University engages in an unusually extensive and varied program of 

basic and applied research, through its seventeen schools and colleges and its 

many research institutes, centers, and bureaus. This program totalling nearly 

$36,000,000 during the past fiscal year, came from the federal government, industry, foundations, the State of Michigan, and endowment and other University funds. 

The program ranges broadly over nearly all disciplines, and varies from studies 

in specific disciplines carried on by individual members of the teaching or research 

staff to complex interdisciplinary projects involving the coordination of a number 

of interrelated tasks of substantial magnitude. 

The University has had a continuing interest and involvement in space research 

since World War II. Its current program in space and space-related research is 

large and varied, representing many scientific fields. The program includes projects for the collection of scientific data on the upper atmosphere, studies of 

space navigation, guidance, and communications, ballistic missile radiation analysis, remote sensing of the terrain and of aerospace objects by multispectral 

imaging techniques, space radio astronomy, solar astronomy, and space vehicle design. 

Some measure of this program is provided in the issue of Research News, "Space 

Research at the University", which is presented as Appendix A of this document. 

The efficient management of large-scale projects is effected by means of 

organized research units within the University having the administrative and technical capabilities to handle the major responsibilities involved. Each of these 

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research units conducts an extensive research program, carried out in most cases 

by its own full-time staff, with active participation by members of the teaching 

faculty and graduate and undergraduate students. The research staff has available 

to it extensive facilities and equipment and is aided by every type of supporting 

service necessary to the performance of its tasks. 

The work of the University's professional personnel is aided by a large staff 

who provide assistance of all types necessary for the support of research projects. 

Direct technical assistance is provided by fully organized operating staffs for 

equipment design and construction, analog and digital computation, photography, 

report preparation, library activities, and aircraft and automotive operation. 

The Sponsored Research Business Office performs all necessary business services, 

including accounting, purchasing, property control, travel, contracting and subcontracting functions. 

The University's continued competence and interest in space and space-related 

research is ensured by the extent of its current participation in the nation's 

space program. It is in a position to contribute additional support to this program over a broad range of disciplines and at any required level of effort ranging 

from individual studies to projects of considerable magnitude and complexity. 

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VI 

BIOGRAPHIES 

In this section, biographical summaries are presented for members 

of the teaching and research faculty of The University of Michigan who 

have proposed experiments contained in this document or have otherwise 

indicated an interest in the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. 

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Name: BARTMAN, Frederick Lester 

Born: July 22, 1919, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin 

Married (four children) 

Education and Experience 

BS, (E. E. ), University of Wisconsin, 1941 

MS, (E. E. ), Stevens Institute of Technology, 1945 

MA, (Math.), University of Michigan, 1951 

Graduate Studies, Princeton University, 1945-48 

7/41-12/41, Student Engineer, Westinghouse Electric and 

Manufacturing Company 

1942-45, Junior Engineer and Design Engineer, Westinghouse, 

Lamp Division 

2/42-8/42, Instructor (night school), Rutgers University 

1945,48, Assistant Physicist, Palmer Physical Laboratory, 

Princeton University 

1948-present, Research Engineer, University of Michigan 

Research Institute 

1958-present, Lecturer, in Aeronautical Engineering, University 

of Michigan 

Professional and Honorary Societies: 

American Physical Society 1047 -pre sent Member 

Institute of Radio Engineers 1943-present Member 

Mathematical Association of America 1951 -present Member 

American Rocket Society 1959-present Member 

Eta Kappa Nu 1940-present Member 

Sigma Xi 1947-present Member 

nal Publications and Books: 

"Falling Sphere Method for Upper Air Density and Temperature" 

(with others), J. Atmoa. Terr. Phys., Spec. Suppl. 1, 1954. 

"Upper-Air Density and Temperature by the Falling-Sphere Method" 

(with L. W. Chaney, L. M. Jones, and V. C. Liu). J. App. Phys. 

Vol. 27, No. 7, pp 706-712, July, 1,956. 

"Satellite Drag and Air-Density Meaaurements" (with L. M. Jones) 

Scientific Uses of Earth Satellites, J. A. VanAllen, ed., Univ. of 

Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, p. 85, 1956. 

"Temperatures and Winds in the Arctic as Obtained by the Grenade 

Experiment" (with W. 0, Stroud, W. R. Bandeen, W. Nordberg, 

J. Otterman, and P. Titus), ICY Rocket Rocket Report Series, 

Nat'l Acad. Sci., Washington, D. C., No. 1, 1958, pp 58-79. 

"Rocket-Grenade Observation of Atmospheric Heating in the Arctic" 

(with W. G. Stroud, W. Nordberg, W. R. Bandeen, and P. Titus) 

Jour. Geoph. Res. Vol. 64, No. 0, pp 1342-43, Sept. 1959. 
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"RGoicet- Grenade Measurementso Temperatures and Winds in the 

re c: C3LoIrchi1., Cont" (with W. G.Stroud, W. Nordberg, 

. Titus) Jour. 13e . Res, Vol. 65, No, 8, 

pp 2307-:::122, 1960. Reprinted in space Research, E. K. L'AtIlman 

81,11 (ed,), Ne JdPublishing Co., ..iterdam, pp 117-143, 

"Rocket Grenade Mc 

Arctic Mesosphere 

r P. Titus) IGY 

cots of Temperature artd Winds in the 

S. Stroud, W. Nordberg, W. R. laandeen 

No, 4, October 1960. 

Univers f Michigan Research Institute Publications 

"An Aerodynamic Method of Measuring the Ambient Temperature oz 

Air at High Altitudes" (with V. C. Liu, E. J. Schaefer) U '" I Report 

on Contract DA-36-039-SC-32507, July 1950. 

"A Simplified Falling-Sphere Method for Upper-Air Density" (with 

L. M. Jones) UMRI Report #2215-10-T, Contract AFCRC-TN-56-

497, June 1956. 

Conference Reports 

"1). C. Analog Computer Survey of Trajectories of Spheres Falling 

Through the Upper Atmosphere", Ann Arbor Meeting of Association 

of Computing Machinery, June, 1054. 

"The Grenade Technique for Stratospheric Temperature Soundings", 

15th Annual Conference of the Instrument Society of America. New 

York City, September, 1960 

Listed in: 

American Men of Science 

Rocket and Satellite Research Pe.nel. 

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NAME: William P. Bidolman 

TITLE: Professor of Astronomy 

DATE OF BIRTH: September 25, 1918 

EDUCATION: 

S.B., Harvard, 1940 

Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1943 

EXPERIENCE: 

Professor of Astronomy, The University of Michigan , 1962 to the present 

Associate Astronomer, Lick Observatory, University of California, 

1957-62 

Assistant Astronomer, Lick Observatory, University of California, 

1953-57 

Assistant Professor of Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 1948-53 

Instructor in Astronomy, University of Chicago, 1945-48 

Physicist, Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, 

1943-45 

Assistant at Yerkes Observatory, University of Chicago, 1941-43 

PUBLICATIONS: 

(Somewhat incomplete; joint papers sometimes not included, nor 

very; short notes and abstracts when a later paper covering the 

same material is listed) 

"A Discussion of the Presence of KH Lines in the Spectrum of the Solar 

Disk," Ap. J. 96, 157, 1942. 

"Hd 15963, A New Shell Star," Ap. J., 97, 452, 1943. 

"A spectroscopic study of the Region of the Double Cluster in Perseus, 

Ap. J. 98, 61, 1943. 

(a considerable number of classified reports were written while at the 

Ballistics Research Laboratory during the interval 1943-45) 

"On the Interstellar Reddening in the Region of the North Polar Sequence 

and the Normal Color Indices of A-type Stars," Ap. J., 104, 245, 1946 

(with W. W. Morgan). 

"The M,type Supergiant Members of the Double Cluster in Perseus," Ap. J., 

105 492, 1947. , 

"The Variation in Radial Velocity and Spectral Type of the Ultra-ShortPeriod Variable DY Pegasi," Ap. J., 106, 135, 1947. 

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"Emission-Line Stars near h and Persei," A. J. 52, 121, 1947. 

Two High-Velocity Stars of Early Type," P.A.S.P. 60, 264, 1948. 

"Note of the Peculiar Spectrum of HD 25878," Ap. J. 107, 413, 1948. 

"Note on the Spectrum of 1 Delphini," P.A.S.P. 61, 32, 1949. 

"Displaced Absorption Lines in the Spectrum of Upsilon Sagittarii," 

Ap. J. 109, 544, 1949. 

"The Spectrum of HR 7415," P.A.S.P. 62, 48, 1950. 

"The Absolute Magnitude of R Puppis," A. J. 55, 165, 1950. 

"The Peculiar Star HD 30353," Ap. J. 111, 333, 1950. 

"The Spectrum of GP Orionis," Ap. J. 112, 219, 1950. 

"Spectral Classification of Stars Listed in Miss Payne's Catalog of 

c Stars," Ap. J. 113, 304, 1951. 

"The Ba II Stars," (with P. C. Keenan), Ap. J. 114, 473, 1951. 

"Ed 160641, a Hydrogen-Deficient 0-type Star," Ap. J. 116, 227, 1952. 

"The Ultraviolet Spectrum of U Cygni," P.A.S.P. 64, 133, 1952. 

"The Spectra of Certain Stars Whose Atmospheres May Be Deficient in 

Hydrogen," Ap. J. 117, 25, 1953. 

"Lines of the Rare-Earth Elements in the Spectrum of R Andromedae," 

Ap, J. 117, 377, 1953. 

"On the Carbon and S-type Stars," Mem, Roy. Soc. Liege, 14, 402, 1954. 

"Spectral Classification of Southern Stars of High Luminosity," P.A.S.P. 

66, 249, 1954. 

"Catalogue and Bibliography of Emission-Line Stars of Types Later than 

B," Ap, J. Supplement 1, 175, 1954 (No. 7). 

"On the spectra of the R Cr13 Stars and Related Objects," Trans. I.A.U. 

8, 852, 1954. 

"The Space Distribution of Supergiant Stars of Types Later than B," 

A. J. 59, 315, 1954, 

"Spectral Classification of Some Peculiar A Stars," P.A.S.P. 67, 179, 

1955, (with K. H. Bohm). 

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"The Peculiar Spectrum of the Variable Star FR Scuti," (with C. B. 

Stephenson), P.A.S.P. 68, 152, 1956. 

"Spectral Classification of the Brighter Stars of the Praesepe Cluster," 

P.A.S.P. 68, 318, 1956. 

"A Late-type Star of Very Large Radial Velocity,•" P.A.S.P. 68, 533, 1956, 

(with G. Preston). 

"Double Lines in the Spectrum of e Cassiopeiae," (with A. McKellar) 

P.A.S.P. 69, 31, 1957. 

"Spectral Classification of Stars Noted on Case Objective-Prism Plates. 

I." P.A.S.P. 69, 147, 1957. 

"Spectral Classification of Stars Noted on Case Objective-Prism Plates. 

II." P.A.S.P. 69, 326, 1957. 

"The Carbon Stars-An Astrophysical Enigma," in Vistas in Astronomy II, 

A. Beer, Ed., P. 1428, 1956. 

"Spectral Classification of Visual Binaries Having Primaries Above the 

Main Sequence," P.A.S.P. 70, 168, 1958. 

"The Space Distribution of Middle-and Late-type Supergiants in the Region 

of the Galactic System Near the Sun," I.A.U. Symp. No. 5, p. 54, 1958. 

"The Unusual Spectrum of 3 Centauri," P.A.S.P. 72, 24, 1960; 

"The Spectrum of Kappa Caneri," P.A.S.P. 72; 471, 1960. 

"The Brighter Early-type Stars in the Region of the North Galactic Pole," 

(with B. Westerlund) A. J. 65, 483, 1960. 

"Line Identifications in Peculiar Stars," A. J. 67, 111, 1962. 

"High-Excitation Si II Lines in Stellar Spectra," Ap. J. 135, 651, 1962. 

"Identification of Ga II Lines in Stellar Spectra," Ap. J. 135, 968, 1962, 

(with C. H, Corliss). 

"Report of the I.A.U. Sub-Commission on Stellar Classification (29c)," 

Trans. I.A.U., Vol. 11A, 333, 1962. 

"Atmosphere of 53 Tauri," (with L. H. Aller) A. J. 67, 571, 1962. (Abstract) 

"Iron-Rich Star HR 6870," (with L. H. Aller) A. J. 68, 273, 1963. (Abstract) 

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HUGH E. BRADLEY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF 

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 

EDUCATION: 

195? S.B. and A.M. in E.E. received from M.I.T. in June, 

1963 Ph. D. expected from The Johns Hopkins University in June; major: 

operations research; minors: statistics, electrical engineering. 

EXPERIENCE: 

Student engineer in Research Division and Computer Division of the Philco 

Corporation for one and one-half years (cooperative program with M.I.T.). 

Electrical engineer in Systems Research Department of Aeronautical Equipment 

Division of the Sperry Gyroscope company for three years. 

Research Assistant in Dianostic and Evaluation Center for Handicapped Children 

of the Johns Hopkins Hospital for two years. 

Junior Instructor in the Industrial Engineering Department of The Johns Hopkins 

University for two years. 

Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering, The University of Michigan 

HONORS: 

M.I.T.: 

Honorary freSh an scholarship. 

Election to Eta Kappa Nu. 

Johns Hopkins: 

University Fellowship, 1960-61 

Daniel Coit Gilman Teaching Fellowship, 1961-62 

National Science Foundation Cooperative Graduate Fellowship, 1962- 

American Statistical Association award in statistics, 1961. 

RESEARCH INTERESTS: 

Adaptive processes, stochastic processes, dynamic programming. 

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TEACHING INTERESTS: 

Linear and dynamic programming, queueing theory; stochastic processes, mathematics. statistics, applied mathematics. 

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BROWN, WILLIAM M. RESEARCH ENGINEER; 

HEAD, RADAR LABORATORY; g 

PROFESSOR OF 

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 

EDUCATION 

BS Electrical Engineering West Virginia University, 1952 

MS Engineering Johns Hopkins University, 1955 

Or. Engr. Johns Hopkins University, 1957 

EMPLOYMENT 

Assistant Instructor, Physics Department, West Virginia University, 

1950-52 

Engineer, Air Arm Division, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Baltimore, 

Maryland, 1952-54 

Lecturer, Johns Hopkins University, 1954-57 

Project Supervisor, Countermeasures Group, Radiation Laboratory, Johns 

Hopkins University, 1954-57 

Associate Professorial Lecturer, George Washington University, 1957 

Member of Technical Staff, Institute for Defense Analysis, Weapons Systems 

Evaluation Group, Pentagon, Washington, D.C., 1957-58 

On Administrative Leave from Institute of Defense Analysis in summer of 

1958 while consulting.for Summer Study of Project MICHIGAN 

Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, The University 

of Michigan, 1958 

Consultant, Sensory Subsystems Group, The University of Michigan, 

8-60 

Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 

1960 

Course Chairman, intensive Course on Random Processes, The University of 

Michigan, short summer course, 1961,1962 

Research Engineer (Head, Radar Laboratory), The University of Michigan, 

1ST, 1960- 

Consultant, Institute for Defense Analyses 

Special Adviser, Aeronautical Systems Division, WPAFB 

Professor, Electrical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 1963- 

EXPBRIENCE 

Teaching. Research in countermeasures, radar analysis, noise theory, 

and system analysis. Analytical studies of sensory subsystems. Development 

of transistor circuits. Study of nonlinear dielectrics and coordination of 

engineering and fabrication of autopilots. Study of electronic warfare and 

battlefield surveillance in tactical military operations. 
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PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Member, Institute of Radio Engineers 

Member, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 

Member, Sigma Xi 

Member, Tau Beta Pi 

Member, Eta Kappa Nu 

Member, Sigma Pi Sigma 

Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Michigan 

PUBLICATIONS 

"Noise Statistics After Transformations Commonly Found in Circuits," 

Office of Technical Services, Dept. of Commerce, O.T.S., No. PB 12 

15 15, 1955 

"Noise Jamming of Tracking Radar," co-author, National Symposium on 

Electronic Countermeasures, The University of Michigan, 1957 

"Analysis of Discrete Linear Systems," Journal of the Society for 

Industrial and Applied Mathematics, December 1957 

"Analysis of Range Tracking Radar in the Presence of Interference," 

2nd National Convention on Military Electronics, Institute of 

Radio Engineers, 1958 

"Time Statistics of Noise," IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 

December 1958 

"Some Results on Noise Through Circuits," Transactions of the International Symposium on Circuit and Information Theory, IRE, 1959 

2900-17-R 

"Foundations of Circuit Analysis," Proceedings of the Fourth Midwest 

Symposium on Circuit Theory, IRE, 1959 

"Theory of Coherent Systems," IRE Transactions on Military Electronics, 

April 1962 

"Analysis and Optimization of Coherent High-Resolution Radars by Circuit 

Theory Concepts," 2900-144-T and 2831-19-T 

"Effects of Phase Errors on High Resolution Radars," co-author, 

2831-34-T/2900-225-T 

"Area Transforms," IRE Transactions of the Professional Group on Circuit 

Theory, June 1962 

"System Performance in Presence of Stochastic Delays," Transactions of the 

1962 International Symposium on Information Theory, with C.J. Palermo, 

September 1962 

Analysis of Linear Time Invariant Systems,Book in production, McGraw-Hill 

pt mum •re 1 eying o amp`e• rata, RE Transactions on Information 

Theory, October 1961. 

"One and Two Dimensional Processing of Line Scanned Data," Journal of 

Optics, (of the American Optical Society), co-author, Apr 

VI-11 
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fzi,;yr. 

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)• 

uo 

.td, .:---S:i. :-.A:1•: 

ri.3' ' ..!,--,,:f.1.3...,; -4.: ch ..„: clz....z.,.7.2i •,.. .i.'.,:,,..:• - ..i. 

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1. -- o tatit3F 11, . i.••:,,,t- ...?.:' .....,,•;...,..:,:...: 

... ',.:,-...„..,o,.;:. 

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PRO21.SSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES: -

Operations Research Society of America 

Technica Institute of Management Science 

Atuerican Institute of Industrial Engineers 

Association for Computing Machinery 

Society for General Systems Research 

Alpha Pi Mu 

PULLCATIONS: 

1. "An Application of Search Techniques to an Irrigation-Reservoir 

System," Perthdic Report of Industrial Engineering Research, 

The University of Michigan, October, 1962. 

2. "Foreign Trade in the Electronics Industry," paper given at the 

Michigan Electronics IndOstry Conference, Institute of Science 

and Technology, The University of Michigan, 1962u 

. "The Redeployment of Land, Water, and Human Resources (in 

Southeastern Michigan," contributor, Regional Development 

Studies II, Department of Conservation, The University of 

Michigan, 1962, 

4. "A Mobile Queue Server in a Source-Sin% System," unpublished 

report, Department of Industrial Engineer.ing, The University 

of Michigan, 1962. 

5. "Applying Artificaiel Intelligence to the Pattern-Cutter's Problem," 

(abstract) ORSA Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1963. 

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CARIGNAN, GEORGE R. Director, Space Physics Research 

Laboratory, Electrical Engineering 

Department 

Education: B.S. 

Positions Held: Academic 

University of Michigan: Associate Research Engineer, 1959-63; 

Research Engineer, 1963- ; Lecturer in Electrical Engineering; 

Director, Space Physics Research Laboratory, 1962- 

Other Professional 

U. S. Navy: Electronic Technician, 1947-49; 1950-54. Philco 

Corp: Field Engineer, 1954-56; Ballistics Research Labs, 

Instrumentation Engineer, 1956-59 

Experience: 

Telemetry signal-reception station; probe instrumentation; 

preparation and countdown of rocket firings; instrumentation 

and telemetry supervision for Space Physics Research Laboratory. 

Publications: 

"Ionosphere Electron Temperature Measurements and Their Implications," 

Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 68, October 1, 1963 

"Electron Temperature Evidence for Non-Thermal Equilibrium in the 

Ionosphere," Journal of Geophysical Research Vol, 67, December, 1962 

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Name: CHANEY, Lucian W. 

Born: January 21, 1921, in Rochester, Minnesota 

Married (three children) 

Education and Experience 

BA (Physics), Carleton College, 1941 

1941-44, Design Engineer, Physicists Research Company. Design of 

precision gaging equipment. 

1944-46, Electronic Technician, United States Navy. 

1946-47, Design Engineer, Physicists Research Company. 

1947-50, Research Engineer, Willow Run Laboratories, University 

of Michigan. Design and study of radar systems. 

1950-53, Research Engineer, High Altitude Engineering Laboratory, 

Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, 

University of Michigan. Design of rocket-borne instrumentation 

for upper atmosphere measurements. 

1953-57, Chief Engineer, Micrometrical Development Corporation. 

Design of gaging, vibration and noise-measuring instrumentation. 

1957-61, Design Engineer, Strand Engineering Company. Designed 

instrument transformer test facility, antenna system for 

AN/TPD-2 radar, and oil well logging instrumentation. 

1961-present, Research Engineer, High Altitude Engineering Laboratory, 

Dt2partmezit of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, 

University of Michigan. Evaluation and test of radiation 

measuring devices for meteorological satellites. 

Professional and Hono a Socie 

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 1947-present Member 

Tonal Publications 

"The Anderometer" (with E. A. Abbott and E. Bragg), Mech. Eng.,July,1944. 

"Upper Air Temperature and Density by the Falling-Sphere Method" 

(with F. L. Hartman, V. C. Liu, and L. M. Jones). J. App. Phys. 

Vol. 27, No. 7, pp 706-712, July, 1956. 

U iiversit of Michi • an Research Institute Publications 

"Survey of Early Warning and Tracking Radar" (with Rowland McLaughlin) 

UMM-68, December 1950. 

"An Infra-Red Interference Spectrometer" (with Leslie T. Loh). ORA Report 

No. 05863-3-T, August 1963. 

Profess 
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CLARK, JOHN ALDEN Professor 

Education: Univ. of Mich.: B.S.E. (M.E.), 1948. Mass. Inst. of Tech.: S.M., 

1949; Sc.D., 1953. 

Employment: Academic 

Mass> Inst. of Tech.: Instr. of Mechanical Engineering, 1949-52; Asst. Prof. 

of Mechanical Engineering, 1952-57. Univ. of Mich.: Prof., 1957--. 

Other Professional 

H.E. Farmer Engineering Co., Detroit: Machine Designer, 1941-43. U.S. Air 

Force: Pilot, 1943-45. Michigan National Guard: Pilot, 1946-48. Eng. Res. 

Inst.: Res. Engineer, 1946-46. United. Aircraft Corp., East Hartford, Conn.: 

Res, Engineer, 1948. Mass. Inst. of Tech.: Project Leader, Boiling Research 

Project, 1949-52; Assoc. Director, Heat Transfer Laboratory, and Project Supervisor, Unsteady-Convective Heat Transfer Project, 1954-57. Consultant to: 

DuPont Polychemicals Division; Westinghouse Atomic Power Division; Commonwealth Assoc., Jackson, Mich.; General Electric Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory. 

Experience: Heat transfer; high velocity gas streams; heat exchangers; thermal 

transient conditions. 

Publications: Articles--8 (5 with coauthor) on the mechanism of boiling heat 

heat ,transfer, determining the static temperature of high velocity gas streams, 

heat transfer and pressure drop data for high heat flux densities to water at 

high subcritical pressures, local boiling heat transfer to water at low Reynolds 

numbers and high pressures, thermal transient conditions, high temperature. 

Professional and Honorary Societies: Am- Soc. of Mechanical Engineers; Phi Kappa 

Phi; Pi Tau Sigma; Sigma Xi; Tau Beta Pi (Received Pi Tau Sigma Gold Medal in 

1956 for "outstanding achievement in mechanical engineering within 10 years of 

graduation," presented by ASME.) 

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CLOKE, PAUL L. Assistant Professor 

Education: Harvard Univ.: A.B., 1951. Mass. Inst. of Technology: Ph.D., 1954. 

Positions Held: Academic 

Mass. Inst. of Technology: Teaching Assistant, 1951-52, spring of 195k. 

Univ. of Mich.: Asst. Prof., 1959- . 

Other Professional 

Maine Geological Survey: summers of 1945-46-47.• U. S. Geological Survey: 

summers of 1948-49-50-51-52, Anaconda Co., Butte, Mont.: Research Geologist, 

1954-57. Harvard Univ.: Res. Fellow, 1957-59. 

Experience: Geologic mapping; geologic reconnaissance;.high pressure and 

high temperature solubility studies in the system KOH-H O-SiO ; alter.. 

artion and sulfide paragenesis studies of copper orebodies; ELpH and 

solubility studies in polysulfide solutions. 

Publications: Articles-- one in fields of "Experience." 

Professional and Honorary Societies: Am. Inst. of Mining, Metallurgical and 

• Petroleum Engineers; Geochemical Soc.; Sigma Xi. 

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NAME: George S. Cohen 

TITLE: Associate Research Engineer 

DATE OF BIRTH: January 10, 1925 

PRESENT RESPONSIBILITIES: 

Electronic Engineer working on Advanced Technical Development of 

Radiometers. 

U TION: 

B.E.E.0 University of Dayton, 1953 

M.S.E. (Eat.), University of Michigan, 1955 

Ph.D. (Ea.)) University of Michigan, 1962 

EXPERIENCE: 

Academic: 

Lecturer, Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1958-1959 

Instructor, Electrical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1955-1956 

Non-Academic: 

Associate Research Engineer, Radio Astronomy, University of Michigan' 

November 1961 to present 

Staff Engineer, Bendix Systems Division, March 1959-November 1961 

Research Associate, Electronic Defense Group, University of Michigan, 

June 1956-March 1959 

Project Engineer, University of Kansas, September I955-June 1956 

Graduate Research Assistant, University of Michigan, Electronic 

Defense Group, June 1953-September 1955 

Project Engineer, Commonwealth Engineering Company, Dayton, Ohio, 

June 1952-June 1953 (part-time) 

SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE: 

General electronic circuit design, e.g., pulse, generators, switching 

circuits, and rf amplifiers; synthesis of passive networks; analysis 

of nonlinear systems. Design and development of EGO satellite ground 

support equipment for Radio Astronomy Experiment. 

SOCIETIES, ETC.: 

Member, IRE 

Member, Si Xi 

Science Research Club 

PUBLICATIONS: 

"Evaluation of Susceptibility of Conical Scan Radars," Tech. Rept. 92, 

Electronic Defense Group, University of Michigan, 1959. 

"Analysis of a Class of Nonlinear Sampled-Data Systems with a Gaussian 

Input Signal," Dissertation, 1962. 
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UENOYER, JOHN M. 

EDUCATION 

RESEARCH GEOPHYSICIST 

ACTING HEAD, ACOUSTICS 

AND SEISMICS LABORATORY 

AB Mathematics Chico State College, Chico, California, 1953 

MA Geophysics University of California (Berkeley), 1955 

PhD Geophysics University of California (Berkeley), 1958 

EMPLOYMENT 

U.S. Army, 1950-51 

Research Assistant (Seismology), Department of Geology, University of 

California, 1954-57 

Instructor, Geology Department, The University of Michigan, 1957-59 

Assistant Professor, Geology Department, The University of Michigan, 1959-

Associate Research Geophysicist, The University of Michigan, 1ST, 1961-63 

(Leave of Absence 9-1-62 to 8-31-63) 

Staff Member, Research and Engineering Support Division, Institute for 

Defense Analyses, Washington, D.C. (during leave of absence) 

Research Geophysicist and Acting Head, Acoustics and Seismics Laboratory, 

The University of Michigan, IST, 1963- 

EXPERIENCE 

Seismology - research involving nuclear detection and identification. 

PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Seismological Society of America 

Geological Society of America 

American Geophysical Union 

Sigma Xi 

Acoustical Society of America 

PUBLICATIONS 

Articles: 

"Determination of the Energy in Body and Surface Waves (Part I)," Bulletin o 

the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 48, October 1958 

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"Energy in Earthquakes as Computed from Geodetic Observations," Contributions. 

in Geophysics (Earth Sciences Series), Porgamon Press, Inc., coauthor, 

"Determination of the Energy in Body and Surface Waves (Part II)," Bulletin 

he ' molosical Society of America, Vol. 49, January 1959. 

"Crustal 8trucre or the Norerivacific from Love Wave Dispersion," Bulletin 

of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 49, October 1959. 

"A Heating Micro-coil for the Study oflTral Fragments and Heat-Etching of 

Polished Sections," American inera st, Vol. 45, 1960, co-author. 

"The Effect of Variations in ayor ic mess on Love Waves," Bulletin of 

the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 51, April 1961. 

"DeptIrof Enultini,"BulletitT-otTe75Tosical Society of America, Vol. 67, 

No. 12, December= 1or. 

"Energy in Earthquakes Determined by Field Observations," Bulletin of the 

Geolooical Society- of America, Vol. 68, No. 13, Part IT15757ECTIT57, 

, 

co-autil or. 

"Determination of the Energy in Body and Surface Waves," Bulletin of the 

Geological Societ of rica, Vol. 69, No. 12, PartTDa0567M8 

co-author. 

"Crustal Structure in the North Pacific from Love-Wave Dispersion," Bulletin 

of the GeologicalSociety of America, Vol. 70, No. 12, Part 2, December 1959. 

"The fffect o ariations in rusta1 icKness on Love-Wave Dispersion," 

Bu in of the Geological SocieLof America, Vol. 71, No. 12, Part 2, 

ember 1960. 

"Gravity Profiles Across the Sangre Be Cristo Range, Colorado," Bulletin of 

the Geological Society of America, Vol. 71, No. 12, Part 2,757 ecei-r- wer.7960. 

"Aziauthai Asymmetry of a Point Source in a Two-Dimensional Low-Velocity 

Medium," Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 72, No. 12, 

Part 2, DCTeMbeiW61, co-autlor. 

"Measurements of the Velocity of Crack Propogation in Glass Plates," Bulletin 

of Seismolo ical Societe of Aoerica, Vol. 53, No. 1, co-author. 

"Differentiation of Eart qua es anO L17-Ze-rground Nuclear Explosions on the 

Basis of Amplitude Characteristics," Bulletin of the FAA. a 

of America, Vol. 53, No. 5, co-author. 

"Observed Asymmetry of Amplitudes from A High Explosive Source," Bulletin of 

the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 52, No. 1, co-author. 

"AzioaarTsymmetry of a Point Source in a Cylindrical Low Velocity Medium," 

Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America, Vol. 52, No. 1, co-author. 

Bulletins 

Bulletin of o. rathi ens (Univ. of Calif.) Vol.24, No.2, pp49-92 

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DOLPH, CHARLES L. Professor 

Education: B.A., University of Michigan, 1939 

M.A., Princeton University, 1941 

Ph.D., Brown University, 1944 

Employment: 

Academic - Princeton University, Instructor, 1940-42 

U. of Michigan, Lecturer and Research Mathematician, 1946-47 

U. of Michigan, Asst. Prof., 1947-54; Assoc. Prof., 1954-60; 

Professor, 1960- 

Technische Hochschule, Guest Professor, 1957-58 and Guggenheim Fellowship, 1957-58 

Nonacademic - Naval Research Lab., Physicist, 1943-44 

U.S. Navy, Ensign, 1944-45 

Bell Telephone Labs., member technical staff, 1945-46 

Ramo-Wooldridge Corp. and Inst. - of Numerical Analysis, 

• UCLA (part time), 1955-56 

Bibliography: 

Non-Linear Integral Equations of the Hammerstein Type, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 

31 (1945): 60-65. 

A Current Distribution for Broadside Arrays Which Optimizes the Relationship 

Between Beam Width and. Side-Lobe Level.- Proc. Instit. Radio Eng., 34 (1946): 

335-48. (Browder Thompson award paper, 1947): 

The Transient Behavior of a Large Number of Four Terminal Unilateral Linear 

Networks Connected in Tandem (with C. E. Shannon). BellTelephone Lab. 

Tech. Memo. 46-110-49 (1946): 1-34. 

Discussion on: A Current Distribution for Broadside Arrays which Optimizes 

the Relationship Between Beam Width and Side-Lobe Level (with H. J. Riblet). 

Proc. Instit. Radio Eng., 35 (1947): 489-92. 

Three Dimensional Flows of Supersonic Compressible Fluids (with N. Coburn). 

Willow Run Res. Center IMF-25 (1947): 1-13. 

The Three Dimensional Stationary Supersonic Flow of'a Compressible Gas (with 

N. Coburn), Ibid., IMF-27, pp. 1-14 (1947). 

An Approximate Method of Solution to the General Equations of Compressible 

Flow. Ibid.„'IMF-51 (1948): 1-12. 

The Method of Characteristics for Three Dimensional Supersonic Flow (with 

N. Coburn). Proc. Symposia Appl. Math. New York: Amer. Math. Soc., 1 

(1949): 55-66. 

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Non-Linear Equations of the Hammerstein Type. Pt.II. Trans. Amer. Math, Soc., 

66, No. 2 (1949): 289-507. 

Normal Modes of Oscillation of Beams. External Rpt. UMM-79, Proj. MX-794, 

Willow Run Res. Center, October, 1950. Pp. 18. 

Review of Advances in Applied Mechanics ed. R. von Mises and T. von Kaman 

(with N. Coburn). I. Amer. Math. No., 57, No. 4 (1950): 274-77. 

Representation Theory and Prediction of Stochastic Processes (with M. A. 

Woodbury). Willow Run Rea, Center EMF-11 (1950): 1-69. 

Dynamics of a Ship's Structure (with J. Ormondroyd and others). Final Rpt., 

Eng. Res. Instit. Proj. M-670-4, Off. Res. and Invention June, 1951. 

On the Integral Equation Formulation of Transmission and RefleCtion Problems 

for the Scalar and Vector Wave Equations. Willow Run Res. Center EMF-26 

(1951): 1439. 

On the Relationship Between Green's Functions and Covariances of Certain 

Stochastic Processes and Its Application to Unbiased Linear Prediction 

(with M. A. Woodbury). Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 72 (1952): 519-50 

Review of the Status of the Mathematical Theory (Sec. 1:4) in Propagation of 

Underwater Sound in a Bilinear Velocity Gradient. Final Rpt., Eng. Res. Instit, 

Proj. 2002, Off. Naval Res. Contract UNR 23223 (1953): 6-9. 

Unclassified technical memoranda available on request. 

Inverse Transforms of Products of Legendre Transforms (with R. V. Churchill). 

Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 5 (1954): 93-100. 

On the Timoshenko Theory of Transverse Beam Vibrations. Quart. Appl. Math., 

12 (1954): 175-87. 

On a Three-Dimensional Transmission Problem of Electromagnetic Theory (with 

R. B. Barrar). Journ. Rat. Mech., 3 (1954): 725-45. 

Symmetric Linear Transformations and Complex Quadratic Forms (with J. E. 

McLaughlin and I. Marx). Comm. Pure and Appl. Math., 7 (1954): 621-32. 

Numerical, Methods in Axially Symmetric Inviscid Compressible Flow (with 

J. M. Richardson) and is the GMRD Report RW-26-30-105, dated 5 March 1956 

of the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. 24 pages. , 

Formulation of Approximate Hypersonic Flow Field Behind Detached Shocks 

by the Variational Method (with J. M. Richardson). This GM-TM-71 (GM-51-5) 

of GMRD of the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. 'March, 1956. Pp. 1-27. 

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The Mathematician Grapples with Linear Problems Associated with the Radiation 

Condition. Trans. Inst. Radio. Engr., Prof. Group on Antenna and Propagation, 

Ap-4, 3 (1956): 302-11. ' 

The Schwinger Variational Principles for One-Dimensional Quantum Scattering 

(with R. Ritt). Math. Zeit., 65(1956): 309-26. 

Classified paper with J. M. Richardson which appeared in the First Classified 

Ballistic Missile Symposium held at the Ramo-Wooldridge Corp. in June 1956, 

Variational Principles for the Wave Function in Scattering Theory (with Saul 

Altshuler), GM-42-386 of GMRD of the RamoJelooldridge Corp., October 14, 1957, 

pp. 1-20. Also printed in PHYSICAL REVIEW in March, 1958, pp. 1830-36. 

A Saddle Point Characterization of the Schwinger Stationary Points in Exterior 

Scattering Problems. Journ. Soc. Ind. Applied Math., Vol. 5, No. 3, 1957, 

pp. 89-104. 

On the Application of Infinite Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations to 

Perturbations of Plane Poiseuille Flow (with D. C. Lewis). Quart. Appl. Math., 

Vol. 16, No. 2 (1958), pp. 97-110. 

On the Theory of a Class of Non-Self-Adjoint Operators and Its Applications to 

Quantum Scattering Theory (with F. Penzlin). Presented to a joint seminar of 

the University and ETH of Zurich, Switzerland on February 8, 1958. 48 pages. 

Annales Academiar Scientiarum Fennicae Sines A, No. 263 pp. 1-36, May, 1959. 

Recent Developments in SomeNon-Self-Adjoint Problems of Mathematical Physics. 

Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 16, No. 1 (1961), pp. 1-69. 

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ThP iini,:vcxsity of Ilichiwn 1.9”, 

1;;BA c Schoo1 of Besiones Admiaictratioa„ Tha Ueity 

19a, 

Ph.D., Inetrin1 Engineerog, The Unive.rsity of tlichian, '1964 

(expected June, 19610 

ory ?r>ri .wny Sciantific 

Coupnny, Dr.ticrn, LIAzhi3an, Summor, 1955, 

Jun. . Yord Motet' C.,:mip,my Scintific Laboratovio. 7JeTt: 

iletor COmpzuy, Drborr lion Suzroz,ztr„ 1956. 

Junior Engineer, Chrysler Corporetion„ Centoel Engineering, Dighln0, 

Parik, Niehigan„ Sumur, 1957. 

Stnff Mmber, A. T. Kaarnoy & Comr,zny---.management consuitants, 

Chicago, Illinois, 1959 (ose-bnlf t 

Tchiog FUowRegnnts, lhc Unlversity of Nichigan, rieportmnnf 

of Ensinrng, Ann Arbor. Nickigsn, 1959 (oce-- 

• timo, 

T, -.5rmr,ty 

mr, 

o cIio, . 

duv,t±. ' 1.ar. , 1;0, 1961, 1962, 136? 

chor, Proj,' co the Use of Computers th 

tion, Fore ,:udation, Ann Arbor;, NichnD 

.Govcrnozp, "",47no State Dniversity, Degrborn, 

1963. 

Y. -c7:J*77 Canter for rch on1„.t1Grnto aI 

of Ana Arbor., LLeC. 

Drah haG had good deal of .1worione iu a broad ra4„,- o 

zod fifAds. In additl.on to eporations resenrch ond OA::a 

hav !lad arperianco in ansi8sins end Implementin real 

has a capablAi;:y ln z,hr field . of unchanion1 eaa.ting aitd 

in particular, the autoxotive ..kadeot74, 

V, M7 vtthe WOrd Motor C*opany, Drakn conducted laorry 

(%perimcutn1 Lv'Jber nutomotiv. 

e. coolLat, g',1d mpr4. • 

t:6; w acl, i' n ' - 

..t +taign and 

oy2ema for exporimmtal anta;:rb' 

VI -24 
Pee4 sjo-, 

ig Reaearea, 

Uol! Cf 

tCC ig%:couted 

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Snvral ,%,:th A, T, Eonrney Compaay hsva invOlvaa tho 

uae of - •. ,lio3 tachaigo, Me taco of t7:c;x vleaseramot tech- 

, :co becu only c tion of his .c- ,1:81 et or aeb0 eyatem 1i:edification 

performing loeepandont roach sponsored by tht Fovadeioz, desioed a acsheatio decision simaatioo modal. Thts 

on siz7. •Zion not. 1,';;A3 bon ased sztensively by other, univernitioa, as 

\Jell az Tne ,niversity of MIchisen, ova:: the laot two years. Nn origi,eally 

r'z;med It on the =all electronic oempuer, LGP-30, Presently, the 

incision siunintieu ISin re-prograd for the 104 7090. 

the last four yezra, Vr, :se hos been activoly Zeachiz on a 

:eLotment, Ho a4la taosht :nth courses in the pest as 

Eas,lneerin zed 1',41ozzement Control, Presently Wo, -Ls 

Y:-ocesotag Syr. course> ka an af7..ort to facAlate th:e 

Drake is ourreotly the prseess cf 

izrantenz -;:eaed tcC To woes is bi';.,,n!; 

' by biz suoiatiou vcth the Contox Zer aesnaTch o Lerofl•kg znd 

7.) 1.02C2ARE ' TIES: 

a 1262etV3: 

Socf.a:, of fi:efacaloeea 

C1 ;n Seel::ty of Prefesslooal 

i*:acee-z% T.'.ciety of inP..rtca 

IoGtitec of 1.;anegoot Sciehcas 

'n InohIc nopert of Iodrsriel 

hrtment ek Industrial Ensionsrios, 

Nichisay- OctoLor, 196a, 
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VI - 26 
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PEMIMIX. F.19110/11( 

iklucation 

AB (Math. University of Nebraska 1929 

AM Math. University of Nebraska 1930 

PhD Math. Princeton University 1935 

Scientific and Professional Experience 

thomatical Biology, Department of Psychiatry, The 

Unisersity of Michigan, 1960-Present 

Senior ResenArch Y4thematician, Mental Health Research Institute, 

The University of Michigan, 1959-Present 

Professor of Industrial Engineering, The University of Michigan, 

1956-Present 

Associate Director, Engineering Research Institute, The University 

of Michigan,1956-1958 

Professor of Industrial and. Management Engineering, Columbia University, 1953-1956 

Director, Institute for Research in the Management of Industrial 

Production, Columbia University) 1954-56 

Director, Behavioral Models Project, Columbia University, 1953 

Project Officer for Logistics, The RAND Corporation, 1949-1952 

Executive Director, qui American Statistical. Association 1948-1949 

Assistant Deputy Director of Research and Development, Department of 

the Army, 1947-1948 

Expert Consultant to the Secretary of War, 1946-3947 

Director,Applied Mathematics Group, Princeton University, 1944-1945 

Field Service Consultant, Office of Scientific Research and Developart, 1944 

Owner, Merrill Flood and Associates, 1942-1949 

Director,Princeton Dwanch„ Fire Control Design Division, Frankfort 

Arsel, 1943-1944 

Director, Fire Control Research Office,Princeton University, 1944-1945 

Administrative Consultant, Graduate School of Education, Harvard 

University, 1940 

Technical Advisor to the Governor of West Virginia, 1937-1940 

Public Finance Consultant, Social Science Research Council, 1937-1940 

Director of Statistics State and Local Government Section, Princeton 

University, 1936-1440 

Research Supervisor, New Jersey Department of Institutions and 

Agencies, 1935 

Instructor in Mathematics, Princeton University, 1932-1936 

Research Assistant, Princeton University, 1931-32 

Instructor in Mathematics, University of Nebraska, 1929-1931 

VI-27 
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VERS1TY OF N I Cil GAN / Ann Arbor 

Fields of Reeearch 

Operat re rch, management science, system engineering and. logistics 

Applied mathematics, public adMdaistratica, and business forecasting 

Warfare theory, fire-control instruments, optical devices, photogrammetric instruments, and rocket propellants 

Decision-making, orwknization theory, theory, and learning theory 

Algebra of matrices, combinatorial algebra, and mathematical programing 

theory 

Professional and Honorn7 Organizations 

Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 

(Council, 1958-Present) 

Fellow, Royal Eaomnmic Society 

Fellow, New York Aced of Sciences 

Senior Member, American Society of Tool 

's 

2 er, American Math tical Society 

Member, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 

(Council, 1955-1958) 

Member, The Institute of Management Sciences (President, 1955; 

Council, 1954-1956) 

tuber, rations Research Society of America (President, 1961; 

Council, 1956-1959, 1961-1964) 

Member, Society for General Systems Research 

Member, American Institute of Industrial Engineers 

er, Association for Computing Naeblaery 

er, S Xi 

r, Pi Mu Epsilon 

Alpha Pi Ez 

American Men of Science 

Who's Who in the East 

Who's Who in the Middle West 

Who's Who in American Education 

Who Known and What 

VI - 2 8 
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TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS AND OTHER PAPERS 

Merrill M. Flood 

Seientif4.c Publications 

A. Papers Publiste-d n S:4-flufl, Journaand P oceedine_ 

1. "Dlvision by Non-Stflgalar nitric Polynomials," Annals of Mathematics (2), 

Vol. 36, No. 4, October 1935, pp. 859-869. 

2. "On 1.4e Highest Common Factor of Two Polynomials," American Mathematical 

Monthly, vol. 43, No. 9, November 1936, pp. 562-563. 

3. "Column Normal Katric PolyaomLala," Annals of Mathematics (2)) Vol. 3 

No 2, April L937, pp. 465-468. 

4. "The Result ant Matrix of To Polynorialc„" Anzrican Mathematical Monthly, 

Vol. 44, No. 5, May 1937, pp. 309-312. 

5. "The Resultant; Matrix of Two Polynomials," Bulletin of the American Ma-Piemstial Society, Vol. 43, No. 10, October 1937, pp. 724-729. 

,. "Equivalence of Pairs of Matrices," Transactions of the American MathematicalaLtLy„ Vol. 44, No. 1, JulTiTI7Tp7,7117. 

7. "Reallocating Our Property Tax Lavies„," West Virginia School Journal, 

Vol. 67, No. 3, November 1938, pp. 5-6. 

U. "Foundation School Program," West School Journal, Vol 67, No. 8, 

April 1939, pp. 11-12. 

9. "Sharing Our School Costs," West VirIni.a School Journal, Vol. 67, No. 8, 

April 1939, pp. 22-24. 

.10. "A Computational Procedure for the Method of Principal Components," Psychometrika, Vol. 5, No. 2, June 1940, pp. 169-172. 

11. "Recursive Methods in Business-Cycle Analysis," Econometrics., Vol. 8, No. 

4, October 1940, pp. 333-353. 

12. "Road. Costs in New Jersey," Traffic Eagineerine, January 1941, pp. 

172-175, 

13. "Tumbler Mortality," Journal of the American. Statistical Association, Vol. 

42, December 1947, pp. 562-574. (With George W. Brown.) 

14. "On the Hitchcock Distrlbution Problem." In: Alex Orden and. Leon Goldstein 

(Eds.), proceedings of Symposiumon Linear Inequalities and ProgramminE, 

Washington, D. C., June A4-1671951. Comptroller, Headquarters, U. S. Air 

Force, 1 April 1952, pp. 74-99. 

15. "On the Hitchcock Distribution Problem," Pacific Journal of Mathen.tics, 

Vol. 3, No. 2, June 1953, pp. 369-386. (Revision of 1A14.) 

VI - 29 
1.-%; Mat e .. 1 

Yo'A, Fel:raary 

pp. 1-21. 

7-7:uman Behavici 

Dunlap As16, 

Py- the 

Ar,„4enal, May 14, 1954. Office 

Z5, AXJ, „.„955, 

. CoordinaPTe.6ented at Arden 

1,.y, New York, 

Febr:,4a PP 

4_4+ , of 721" 

No. 2, J,.1,c,„:b„ry 1955, pp. 1 

Voi. 2, Ne. 2, January 1956, 

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of. tYe Niw York 

Ser, I, Vol- 16, Th Febn'Aary 1954, pp. 202-205. 

17 " T' are or .a' .00 Theory to Sched:utin a Military Tanker Fleet," 

of Am:?,rim, Vol, 2, No. 2, My 

PP 

"On Cs..me , 1 „. vr,1;74.T Decia.1..on Making Experillynts." In: 

14 C, h. C 6, N. L, Davib (Eds.), Dacdsion Processes. John 

Wiley Co", New York, 1.94, pp. 139-158 

19, ofl er ce of Er,:v1rolimutal Nur.-Sat,lor:arity in a 3ea2)entia1 DecisionM TNa1l, C 1L Combs, R, L. Davis (Eds. 

Jon Wiley & Co., New Yo-A, 1954., pp, 287-299. 

..eare6," Petroir,,um Ref11-0: Vol_35, No, 2, February27. "Te Saleenarl Problem." In J, F. McCloskey and J. M. Coppinger 

(111 eratlona Jobli:3 Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 

JJ}0.1. 1.11. PP- R'ii. of 1A25.) 

Natsing, t.tuurt.rtal Labor 

Proceed- 

, Pennsylrr 

"New Foxoula ,?„ November 9, i95S pp. 22-24. 

C, T, 

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32, "Distribution. and Scheduling Problems." In: Operations Research - Record 

of the .9':,-9'7, 7 OperationsReaearch Seminar and. " eratdons Researchin _ 

hdnr SyMp06.12AM The University of Michigan, J.re 1)W, 1P-227 . APP. 

77- 91i , 

33, "Ope:ailoh-3 Resr.arch and Antomation Science." In: Proceedinr4 of the Third 

0,•- narce ConCerence on Operations Research, Rock Island Arsenal, May 24-25, 

OrfIce of Ordnance Rebearch, Ordnance Corps, U. S. Army, pp. 5-27. 

34, 'Problems de Repartition et d'Ordonnancement," Journeer de Recherche 

Operatiorrlle, Paris, September 1957, 28 pages. (Translation, by M. 

Dufaure, of 1A32.) 

35, "Operation Research and Antomation Science," Journal of Incins-rial Engi.eer-

.11a, Vol 9, No. if, July-Augnzt, 1958, pp. 239.242, (Revision of IA33-) 

36. "Some Expe.'Lmental Games," iaemcnr Stienne, Vol. 5, No, 1, October 1958, 

PP. 5-26 

37. "Linear Programming," In Max Davies and. Michel Verhulst (Eds.)ational Rt:.ean, , - t,, mm Practice. Pergamon Press Ltd., London, 1958. 

"Operations Research and Logistics," Naval Research LoA3ist1cs Aarterly, Vol. 

5, No. 4, Deeemter 1958, pp.. 323-325. TRevisJon of IA21.) 

39. "A Tra:spoaion Coe." In: Philip Wolte (Ed.), Prooeediags or the RAND 

S V.athemw:icai Programming, The RAND Corporation, San',a Monica, 

) 

40, .J..1_erna,,ive Proof of a Theorem of Konig as an Algoksithm for the Hitchcock 

fAlsor. Protlem," In: Richard Bel.nan and Marshal] Hall, Jr. (Eds.), 

Pro:eedings of Symnosia r App1ie6 Mathems/.ics. 

Amejc.i.c Mattitmatl.:al Society, Providence, R. I., 1966, Vol. X. pp. 299-307. 

"Systrm Engineering." In: C. W. Churchman, and. Roger Crane (Eds.), Management Tecbnolo5v The Institute of Management Sciences, White Plains, N. Y., 

Mnnograph 1, pp. 21-35, 

42. "Seuential Declsioning," In: Robert E. Machol Ed.), Information, andDecision Processes. McGraw Hill, New York, 1960, pp. 34-52. Revision of IA28.) 

43. "Adaptive System. Models," In: J. Banbury and J. Maitland (Eds.), Proceedofthe SecondInternational Conference on Operational.Research. English 

• tnsities Press Ltd., London, 1961, pp. 11-20. 

44. "Stochastic Learning in Rats with Hypothalamic Implaats," Annals of the New 

rk Academy of Sciences. Vol. 89, Art. 5, 28 January 1961, pp, 795-822. 

45. "Summary Address." In: Proceedings of 2nd IBM Medical Sympobii)m. International Business Machines Corporation, Yorktowi::Rjghts, N. Y., 19F,O, pp. 

417-425. 

46. "Adaptive Economic Control Systems." In; L. E. Slater (Ed.), Pod,, 

of the Pilot Clinic on the Impact of Feedback. Control, Concepta in th.e Stndy 

ofEconomic and Bu,Aness,Sstems, Foundation for Instrumentation Education 

and. Research, New York, 1900, pp. 28-3.1. 

NI:- 31 
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L. E. Slater (Ed.), 

i.,... of the Interdisqplina:ry Cn ...._ i on the Instrumentation Recuirements 

for vsiolorical Research, Foundation for Instrumentation Education A, „.4 

Research, New York, 1961, pp. 97-101. 

48. "Simulatlon of Stochastic Learning in Rats." In Proceed 

0al Sylvosium, International Business Yaehines Corporation,o 

Heights, N, Y., 1961, 

49. "A Transportation Algorithm and Code," Naval Research 

vol. 8, No. 3, September 1961, pp. 257-57.7 

47. gttal Computer Si=latlon. of Learning Behavior," In: 

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FONTHEIM, ERNEST GUENTHER Lecturer 

Associate Research Physicist 

Education: 

Southwest Missouri State College: A.B., B.S., 1950. 

Lehigh University: M.S. (Physics), 1952; Ph.D. (Physics), 

1960. 

Positions Held: Academic 

Lehigh University: Teaching Assistant, 1950-57; Research 

Assistant, 1957-60. 

Moravian College, Bethlehem, Pa.: Instructor, 1952-53. 

'University of Michigan: Lecturer and Associate Research 

Physicist, 1960-. 

Experience: 

Quantum field theory, electromagnetics, plasma theory, 

interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasmas, physics 

of the ionosphere, theoretical aspects of free-free 

absorption, stimulated emission effect. 

Publications: Books, Bulletins, etc. 

"Interpretation of Tracks in Nuclear Emulsions," Tech. 

Memo No. 91, White Sands Proving Ground, 1953. "Effect 

of Multiple Scattering in Coincidence Counter Experiments," 

Report, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1954. "Space 

Charge Waves in the Ionosphere and their Effect on the 

HQating of the Atmosphere," Second Western National Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Palo Alto, Calif., 

December 1962 (with others). 

Professional and Honorary Societies: 

American Physical Society, Sigma Xi. 

VI - 33 
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HERBERT P. GALLIHER, JR. 

EDUCATION: 

1940 

1950 

1952 

B.A., Yale (mathematics) 

M.A., Yale 

Ph.D., Yale. Dissertation in mathematical logic: A Theory of 

Lebesgue Measure in an Extension of Basic Logic 

Army, terminal rank of Captain 

Assistant in Instruction, Mathematics Department, Yale University 

Assistant Professor, Mathematics, New Haven State Teachers 

College, New Haven, Connecticut 

Operations Research Group, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, 

Massachusetts 

POSITIONS: 

1941-1946 

1946-1949 

1949-1953 

1953-1954 

1954-1957 

1957-1963 

Research Staff, Mathematics Dept. M.I.T. 

Operations Research Center, M.I.T. 

Assistant Director, 1956-1959 

Associate Director, 1959-1963 

1963- Professor of Industrial Engineering, The University of Michigan 

PROFESSIONAL OFFICES: 

Associate Editor, Operations Research, 1958-1962 

Editor, International Abstracts in Operations Research 

Chairman, Education Committee, Operations Research Society of America, 

1959-1961 

Member, National Academy of Sciences Committee on Theory of Traffic Flow 

1960-date 

MEMBERSHIPS: 

Phi Beta Kappa 

Sigma Xi (associate) 

VI - 34 
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American Mathematical Society 

American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow) 

Operations Research Society of America (member) 

Association for Symbolic Logic 

Institute of Mathematical Statistics 

Institute of Management Sciences 

TEACHING EXPERIENCE: 

Freshman mathematics, including special Directed Studies 

courses, Mathematics Department, Yale 

Mathematics and Statistics courses, freshman and sophomore, 

New Haven State Teachers College 

Statistics, Mathematics Dept., M.I.T. 

Operations' research, Mathematics Department, M.I.T. 

Laboratory in operations research, Physics Department, M.I.T. 

1946-1949 

1949-1953 

1954-1957 

1961 

1961-1963 

GRADUATE SUPERVISION: 

Since 1955 have supervised 19 masters theses and have served as the principal technical supervisor of 4 doctoral dissertations. Presently on doctoral 

committees of 2 candidates. The above have been distributed among the following departments: Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical 

Engineering, Industrial Management (masters only), Mathematics and Physics. 

RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS: 

Devised the inventory control procedure now being used by the U. S. Army 

Munitions Command for national supply, including the original mathematical 

solution on which it is based and a new method for forecasting the variance of 

demand. 

Devised the stochastic model of aircraft traffic at airports being put into use 

by the Federal Aviation Agency to evaluate airport designs. 

Developed the use of compound probability distributions for demand-type 

processes [cf. "Le Processus de Galliher ,(Poisson par tgrappesi)" by A. 

Kaufmann and R. Cruon, Revue Francaise de Recherche Operationelle. 

12 (1959) pp. 137-144.] 

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Principal investigator or technical supervisor of about one million dollars of 

staff research since 1955, covering inventory, automobile traffic, airport traffic, message traffic, hospital patient traffic, library traffic and use, methods 

of indexing literature, urban firefighting, methods of simulation, steel-making, 

learning on production lines, mathematics of queuing. 

PUBLICATIONS: 

1. with G. C. Bush and P. M. Morse, "Attendance and Use of the Science 

Library at M.I.T.," American Documentation, Vol. VII, No. 2, pp. 87-109. 

2. with R. C. Wheeler, "Calculation of Non-Stationary Queuing Probabilities 

for Landing Congestion of Aircraft," Operations Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, 

March-April, 1958. 

3. with R. B. Fetter, "Waiting-Line Models in Materials Handling," Journal 

of Industrial Engineering, Vol. ix, No. 3, May-June, 1958. 

4. with P. M. Morse and M. Simond,-"Dynamics of Two Classes of ContinuousReview Inventory Systems," Operations Research, Vol. 7, No. 3, June, 1959. 

5. with P. M. Morse, G. P. Wadsworth, 13'. 0. Koopman, R. A. Howard, and G. 

E. Kimball, "Notes on Operations Research 1959," The Technology Press, 

M.I.T. Author of chapters on Queuing, Production Scheduling, Simulation 

of Random Processes. 

6. Various reports of the M.I.T. Operations Research Center. 

in progress: 

(i) Airport Runway Design, Traffic and Delays (presented at ASCE meeting 

October, 1962) 

(ii) Tables of Poisson Queuing Functions 

TECHNICAL CONSULTING: 

Have been retained for several years by one of the ten largest companies in the 

country on inventory control and applications generally of probability. Devised 

and supervised over 2 years the installation of a very profitable computerbased production and inventory distribution system for a large Boston manu,- 

facturer. Spot consulting includes the Executive Office of the President, the 

National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, NATO, numerous 

manufacturers, large and small, mostly on production, demand, inventory and 

associated traffic processes, most involving some essential application of random processes, and most including experimental testing of predictions, 

VI - 
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HARVEY L. GARNER 

Education: 

BS Physics, University of Denver, 1946 

MS Physics, University of Denver, 1949 

PhD Electrical Engineering, The University of Michigan) 1958 

tific Experience: 

Research Associate, Cosmic Ray Research Program, University of 

Denver, and the Inter-University High Altitude Research Lab. 

at Echo Lake, Colorado, 1949-1951. 

Chief Engineer, Engineering Research Institute, The University of 

Michigan, (Associated with the development and operation of the 

MIrY3AC and MIDAC computers), 1951-1955. 

Instructor, Electrical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 

1955-1958. 

hirman, Intensive Summer Computer Courses, 1955 to present. 

Consultant, electronic and computer forms (IBM; Lockheed Missile 

Systems Division; Lear, Inc.; Bell Telephone Laboratories; 

Ford Instr. Co.; Strand. Engineering; Holley Carburetor Co.), 

1955 to present. 

Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering, The University of 

Michigan, 1958-1960. 

Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering, The University of 

Michigan, 1960-1963. 

Director, Information Systems Laboratory, Electrical Engineering 

Department, The University of Michigan, 1960 to present. 

Consultant, USAF, 1961 to present. 

Professor, Electrical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 

1963 to present. 

:1 mhips or Grants: 

Ford Faculty Development Grant for independent study of biological 

systems, 1961-1962. 

Bow.) ot 

Eta Kappa Nu 

Sigma Pi Sigma 

Sigma Xi 

VI - 37 
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vI 38 
tha 

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" preented. Na-...-vs:cd-:riEqJF Sy.hposium, 

1961. 

Curounication Sofi.C.-11C0.5 1-)roicrmat 9:be Uni'vevsitYof Micxiir 

at Eli Laborato.ries, Seuterabis.r 1951. 

:a1101 Computation and A2Zociat:tve Stol-age, 7n,reacnted at ths 

,.:orLsh.-..,p on Cczputerf.;, Brool,..havri Laboratory, 'Upton, 

"T.1.2ocf IkailoN Caleuluz and Menne Primon for the DasiRn of a 

d DlIzital Multiplier," by A. S. FraenkeltIRE Trans. on 

cozwuters,C-10,1, VS- 1r0.11. 1961. 

Ti=,' ..`,yn,. ,. ,.:7).ro:nr»„ - -e.1 Binary Divinion," by 

3altmnL, YET.: EC-11,, 6, Dao.e.anar 

"Purity as an Opei,stion Cheeicine, Code, by R. E. 

DC 2ETraps. on Electr. Coarputers, June 1963. 

VI - 39 
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GODDARD, EDWIN N. Professor 

Chairman of Department 

il.;ducation: Univ. of Mich.: A.B., 1927; M.S., 1928; Ph.D., 1936. 

Employment Academic 

Univ. of Mich.: Inst., 1928-30; Prof. and Director of Geological Field Work, 

1949- ; Chairman, Dept. of Geology, 1952-. 

Other Professional 

U.S. Geological Survey: Junior Geologist, 1930-34; Asst. Geologist, 1934-39; 

Assoc. Geologist, 1939-43; Geologist, 1943-45; Senior Geologist and Geological 

Map Editor, 1945-49. Chairman, Map Symbol Committee, U.S. Geological Survey; 

Chairman, Rock Color Chart Committee, Natl, Res. Council; Chairman, North 

American Geologic Map Committee, Geological Soc. of Am.; Chairman, Screening 

panel for earth-science fellowships, Natl. Science Foundation. 

Experience: 20 years research on geology and ore deposits of mining districts 

in Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Haiti, and southeastern Alaska. 

Publications: Books, Bulletins, etc.--Geology and ore deposits of the Front 

Range, Colorado (with coauthor), U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 223, 1950. 

Articles--26 (some with coauthors) on mineral and ore deposits in the Rocky 

Mountain States, especially Colorado, and in Haiti.- 

Professional and Honorary Societies: Am. Assn. of Petroleum Geologists; Am. 

Geophysical Union; Geological Soc. of Am.; Geological Soc. of Washington; 

Mich. Acad. of Science, Arts, and Letters; Mich, Geological Soc.; Mineralogical 

Soc. of Am.; Soc. of Econotic Geologists; Sigma Xi. 

Listed in: American Men of Science; Who Knows - And What; Mho's Who in America; 

Who's Who in the East. 

VT-40 
RESIDENCE: 

BIRTH: 

800 Avon Road 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 

Independence, Missouri; May 31, 1919 

PHONE: NO(rmandy) 3-8333 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

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THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN I Ann Arbor 

NAME: 

TITLE: 

Fred T. Haddock 

Professor of Astronomy, College of Literature, Science 

and Arts 

Professor of Electrical Engineering, College of 

Engineering 

Director of The University of Michigan Radio Astronomy 

Observatory 

ADDRESS: The Observatory 

University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 

OFFICE PHONE: NO(rmandy) 3-1511 

Extension 3334 

EDUCATION: 

S.B. (Physics), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1941 

M.S. (Physics), University of Maryland, 1950 

EXPERIENCE: 

From 1941 to 1946 at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory 

conducted research in microwave radar components which 

led to the design and development of the first (in 1944) 

submarine periscope radar antenna. It was extensively 

used in the Pacific Submarine Fleet during World War II. 

Awarded a Letter of Commendation by the Secretary of the 

Navy in 1945 for originating this antenna system and for 

directing the project. 

At the same laboratory from 1946 to 1956 conducted research 

in microwave radio astronomy. This was one of the first 

groups in radio astronomy in the world. Participated in the 

procurement of the NRL 50-foot radio telescope; the highest 

gain antenna of its type. Led the group that detected discrete thermal type radio sources and measured the intensity 

of the bright radio sources for the first time at 10 cm and 

3 cm wavelength, an extension of radio source spectra by 

sevenfold. 

Since February 1956 has taught in the Astronomy and in the 

Electrical Engineering Departments at The University of Michigan, first as Associate Professor and since 1959 as Professor. 

Appointed Director of the Radio Astronomy Observatory in 1961 

by the Regents. At the University was responsible for the 

design and construction of a dynamic radio spectrograph for 

recording solar burst transients over the band 100 to 600 

Mc/sec and 2000 to 4000 Mc/sec using a 28-foot radio telescope and for a precision 85-foot telescope with associated 

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low-noise microwave radiometers using traveling-wave-tubes, 

ruby solid-state masers, etc. The 85-foot telescope was 

used to make the first radio detection of the planet Mercury 

and the first measurement of the planet Saturn and of a new 

class of radio sources, the planetary nebulae. In 1959 

initiated a research program in low-frequency (0.1 to 10 

Mc/sec) radio astronomical studies of the galaxy, sun, and 

planets with the development of instrumentation for very 

high altitude rockets, satellites and space probes. Experimenter on the first OM, Orbiting Geophysical Observatory, 

Satellite scheduled for 1964 and the second OGO, Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory also scheduled for 1964. 

ERSRIP: 

National Academy of Science Panel on Astronomy Facilities, 

1963- 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Solar Physics 

Committee, 1963- 

National Science Foundation, Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on 

IQSY, 1963- 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard 

Space Flight Center, Space Radio Astronomy Committee, 1963- 

The President's Science Advisory Committee Ad Hoc Panel on 

the U. S. Navy 600-foot Radio Telescope, 1962-63 

U. S. Naval Research Laboratory Scientific Advisory Committee 

on the 600-foot Radio Telescope, Sugar Grove, 1962-63 

The Chief of Naval Research Ad Hoc Committee on Technology 

and Instrumentation for the U. S. Navy 600-foot Radio 

Telescope, 1960-61 

Air Force, Office of Scientific Research, Arecibo Observatory 

1000-foot Radio Telescope Advisory Committee, 19627 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of 

Space Science Ad Hoc Working Group on Apollo Scientific 

Experiments and Training, 1962-63 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Com 

mittee on Astronomy and Radio Astronomy, 1958-62 

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MEMBERSHIP (Coned): 

National Academy of Sciences Subcommittee on Frequency Allocations for Radio Astronomy, 1962- 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Committee on Planetary and Interplanetary Sciences, 1961-62 

Senior Consultant to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 

Green Bank, 1960-61 

National Science Foundation Advisory Panel on - Astronomy, 

1957-60 

Delegate to international scientific unions: 1955, 1957, 1958 

1960, and 1961 

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS; 

Vice-President American Astronomical Society, 1962-64 

Fellow of Royal Astronomical Society 

Fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers 

International Astronomical Union 

American Geophysical Union 

American Institute of Physics 

Sigma Xi 

LISTED IN: 

American Men of Science, 9th and 10th Editions 

Leaders in American Science, 4th and 5th Editions 

Registered Professional Engineer - Washington, D. C. 

PUBLICATIONS: 

"Observation of a Solar Noise Burst at 95C0 Mc /s and a Coincident Solar Flare," with Schulkin, Decker, Mayer and Hagen, 

Phys. Rev., /21, 840, 1948. 

"NEL Aleutian Radio Eclipse Expedition," Sky and Telescope; 16 

No. 5, 1951, with Hagen and Reber. 

"The Measurement of 3 and 10 Centimeter Radiation during the 

Total Solar Eclipse of September 12, 1950," with Mayer, 

McCullough, White and Sloanaker, Astron. J 56, 38, 1951. 

"Radio Emission from the Orion Nebula and Other Sources at 

N. 9.4 Centimeters," Astrophys, J., 112, 456, 19540with Mayer 

and Sloanaker. 

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at 14 

10y:: 

 fro

an

dmsDllscre::0Trce:05,01;11.0gs0.rlion

Nebula," 155, 

1954. 

"Eclipse Measurements at Centimeter Wavelengths and their 

Interpretation," J. Geophvs. Res.,, 52, 1740 March 1954. 

"Radio Observations of Ionized Hydrogen Nebulae and Other 

Discrete Sources at a Wavelength of 9.4 cm," with Mayer and 

Sloanaker, Nature, 1211:1 176, 1954. 

"Extension'of Radio Source Spectra to a Wavelength of 3 Centimeters," with McCullough, Astron. J., July 1955. 

"The Radial Brightness Distribution of the Sun at 9.4 cm," 

Proc. of the TAU Symposium on Radio Astronomy, Manchester, 

England, August 1955. 

Hydrogen Emission Nebulae as Rad Sources," Proc. of the 

TAU Symposium on Radio Astronomy, chaster, England, 

August 1955. 

"Radio Sources," Proc. of he National Electronics Conf. 

XI 496, October 1955. 

del for Non-Thermal Radio Source Spectra," Astroohys. 

124, 35-42, 1956, with N. Roman. 

duction to Radio Astronomy," Pr c -12, 1958. 

"Some Characteristics of Dynamic Spectra of Solar Bursts," 

International Astronomical Union, International .Scientific 

Radio Union, Paris Sosiu on Radio A no 188-192, 

1959, ed. R. N. Bracewell, Sanford Press. 

"Radio Telescope," McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and 

Technology, Book 10, 539-540, 1960. 

"Radio Astronomy," Hill Enc d nce and 

Technology, Book 1 7-470, 19 

"Radio Astronomy Observation in Space k

July 1960, 30, 598-602. 

"A Relation Between Solar Radio Emission and Polar Cap Absorption of Cosmic Noise," Nature London, with M. R. Kundu, 1960. 

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"Spectrum of 1957 November 4 Solar Outburst," Annales d'AstroPhysique, Tome 23, No. 3, 1960, 478-479, with A. Boischot and 

A. Maxwell. 

"Measurements of Microwave Radiation from the Planet Mercury," 

Astronomical J., 66, 287, 1961. 

"Measurement of Microwave Radiation from the Planet Mercury," 

with Howard, W. E., III, Barrett, A. H., Astrophy. 136 3, 

pp. 995-1004, November 1962. 

"Thermal Radio Emissions from Celestial Bodies," Physical 

Sciences Some cent Advances in Prance and the United Statee 

Chap. 6, pp. « -74, New 'York University Press, Edited by 

Ullmann, H. P., Korff, S. A., Roth, S. C., 1962. 

"The Plane Polarized Component of Several Radio Sources Measured at 8000 Megacycles, sec," with Hobbs, R. W., Astronomical 

IL, March 1963. 

"Cosmic Radio Intensities at 1.2 and 2.0 Megacycles/sec Measured at an Altitude of 1700 Kilometers," with Schulte, H. F., 

Walsh, D., Astronomical March 1963. 

REPORTS: 

"An Experimental X-Band Radar Antenna for Submarine Periscope," 

with Davenport and Mayer, NRL Rept. R-3045, February 20, 1947. 

"Extraterrestrial Radiation Research at NRL," with Hagen, Report of NRL Progress, 1-9, May 1950. 

"The Discovery of Microwave Celestial Sources," Report of NUL 

Progress, 1-10, March 1954, with Mayer and Sloanaker. 

"Astronomical Experiments Proposed for Earth Satellites)" 

UMRI Rept. 2783-1-7, 87 pp., 1958, with L. Alley') L. Goldberg, 

and W. Liner. 

"An Attempt to Measure Gamma Ray Energies with 1800 Focussing 

Magnetic Spectrograph," Bachelor's Thesis, M.I.T., 1941. 

"Radio Wave Emission from the Quiet Sun," Master of Science 

Thesis, University of Maryland, 81 pp., 1950. 

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HANCOCK, WALTON MILTON 

UCATION 

CHAIRMAN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 

INDU IAL ENGINEERING AND 

P OR OF INDU IAL ENGIN N 

BE Industrial Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 1951 

MS Industrial Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 1952 

Dr. of Eng, Industrial Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 195k 

Academic 

Professor and Chairman, Department of Industrial Engineering, The 

University of Michigan, 1963-present 

Professor, The University of Michigan, 1962 

Associate Professor, The University of Michigan, 1960 

Associate Research Engineer, Operations Research Department, The 

University of Michigan, 1959-1960 

Lecturer in Industrial Engineering, The University of Michigan, 1959 

Assistant Professor in Production Engineering, Industrial Administration 

Department, Air Force Institute of Technology, 1954-1956 

(1st Lieutenant) 

Instructor, Johns Hopkins University, 1956-1959 

Instructor, Wittenbog College, 1954-1956 

Industrial 

Director of Industrial Engineering, Lord Baltimore Press, 

Baltimore ylando 1956-19;rJ 

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES 

Institute of Management Sciences (Tres. Detroit Chapter) 

Professional Engineer, State of Ohio 

Methods-Time Measurement Association (Research Director) 

American Institute of Industrial Engineers 

HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Tau Beta Pi 

Epsilor 

Pi Epailo.. ..4mma 

Si Xi 

Alpha Pi Mu 

PUBLICATIONS, PAPERS AND MAJOR REPORTS 

"Maintenance and Lubrication of High Speed Priniru Equipment," Master " s 

Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University June, 1952 

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"The Capabilities of Printing Processes to Print Uniform Color," 

Doctor's Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, June, 1954 

"A Study of Moisture Content of Paperboard," Technical Association 

of the Pulp and Paper Industry, September, 1955, (Co-author) 

"Color Variation in Paperboard," Technical Association of the Pulp 

and Paper Industry, January, 1958 (Co-author) 

"Report on the Survey of National Guard Units Regarding Regional' 

Maintenance Representative Services," Willow Run Laboratories, 

July, 1960, Confidential, (Co-author) 

"A Hail Survey of Ordnance Corps Maintenance Technicians Concerning 

The Ordnance Corps Technical Assistance Program," Willow Run 

Laboratories, July, 1960, Confidential (Co-author) 

"A Mail Survey of Regional Maintenance representatives Concerning the 

Ordnance Corps Technical Assistance Program," Willow Run Laboratories 

July 1960, (Co-author) 

"An Approach to Development Policies Concerning Scheduled and 

Unscheduled Maintenance," presented at the U. S. Army Fifth Conference 

on Design of Experiments in Research, Development and Testing, 

Fort Detrick, Maryland and published in the Proceedingss9(Co-author), 

November, 1959. 

"Industrial Research on the MTM Element Apply Pressure," Methods-Time 

Measurement Association, Ann Arbor, May, 1961 

"New Research Techniques in Work Measurement," presented at the 12th 

Annual National Conference and Convention of the American Institute 

of Industrial Engineers and published in the Proceedings, May, 1961 

reprinted in the Journal of Methods-time Measurement, Vol. 8, 

Nos. 1 and 2, 1961 

"An Experiment in the Use of Management Games in Teaching," published 

in the Proceedings of the Conference on Business Games as Teaching 

Devices, Tulane University, April, 1961 (Co-author) 

"A Description of the Electronic Data Collector and the Methods of its 

Application to Work Measurement," the Jornal of Industrial Engineering, 

Vol. 13, No. 4, July-August, 1962, (Co-author) 

"Effects of Learning on Short-Cycle Operations," Research Information 

Paper, No. 2, published by the Methods-Time Measurement Association, 

1961 (Co-author) 

"A Laboratory Study of Learning," presented at the 11th Annual Methods-Time 

Measurement Conference and published in the Proceedings, pp. 113-119. 

"Learning Curve Research on Short Cycle Operations-Phase I," Laboratory 

Experiments, with James A. Foulke. (To be published in monograph form 

by the MIM Assn. April, 1963) 

"Production Control Simulations for use in Teaching Production and Inventory 

Control in Industrial Engineering," to be published as a monograph by 

the Ford Foundation Project on Computers, May, 1963. 

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HEINR1CH, E. WILLIAM Professor 

Curator 

of Mineralogical Collections 

E.,cation: Iowa State College: 1940, Harvard Univ.; M.S., 1942; Ph.D., 

1947. 

Positions Held: Academic 

Mont. School of Mines: Instr. in Geology, 1946-47. Univ. of Mich.: Asst. Prof. 

of Mineralogy, 1947-50; Assoc, Prof., 1950-56; Prof., 195 6- 

Other Professional 

Harvard Mineralogical Museum: Asst. Curator, 1940-42, U.S. Geological Survey: 

Geologist, 1942-47. Mont, Bureau of Mines and:Geology: Geologist, summers, 

1947-50. Consulting geologist and mineralogist for various mining, refractory, 

and technical companies, 1947- . Editor of The Geochemical News, 1957- . 

Assoc, Editor of The American Mineralogist, 1957- . 

i,mce: Optical mineralogy; optical crystallography; pegmatite minerals; nonlila mineral deposits; radioactive mineral deposits; mineral paragenesis; 

Hnasal petrography and economic geology; field work in general geology and 

mineralogy carried on throughout U.S. and in Canada, Scandinavia, Germany, 

Switzerland, and Brazil. 

Publications: Books, Bulletins, etc.--Deposits of the Sillimanite Group of Minerals. South of Ennis, Madison County, with Notes on Other Occurrences in. Montana, 

Mont. Bur. Mines and Geol., Misc. Contrib., No. 10, 1948, Pegmatite Mineral 

Deposits in Montana, Mont, Bur. Mines and Geol., Memoir 28, 1949. Sillimanite 

Deposits of the Dillon Re:1on, Montana; Mont. Bur. Mines and Geol., Memoir 30, 

1950, Pegmatite Investic_..s. in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah, 1942-44 (with 

coauthors), U.S. Geo1ngi rvey, Prof. Paper 227, 1950, The Camp Creek Co- 

::!AnAum Deposit, near Beaverhead County, Montana, Mont, Bur. Mines and 

Geol., Misc, Contrib, 11, 1950. Microscopic Petrography, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 

1956, Mica Deposits of the Southeastern Piedmont, Part 1; General Features, 

(with coauthors), U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 248-A, 1952. Mica Deposits 

of the Southeastern Piedmont, Part 9: Thomaston-Barnesville District, Georgia 

(with coauthors), U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 248-F, 1953. Mica Deposits 

of the Southeastern Piedmont, Part 10: Outlying Deposits in Georgia (with coauthors), U.S. Geol, Survey Prof. Paper 248-F, 1953. Mica Deposits of the 

Southeastern Piedmont, Part 11: Alabama District (with coauthors), U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Parer 248-G, 1953. 

Articies--35 on deposits of various minerals, especially mica and. pegmatitcs, 

chiefly in the Rocky Mountains. 

Professional and Honorary Societies: Am, Geophysical Union; Am. Institute of 

Mining Engineers; Geochemical Soc.; Geological Soc. of America; Mineralogical. 

Soc. of America; Mineralogical Soc. of England; Mineralogical Soc. of Germany; 

Mich. Acad. of Science, Arts, and Letters; Mich. Geological Soc.; Sigma Xi. 

Listed in: American Men of Science. 

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HOK, GUNNAR Proressor 

Education: E.E., Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm, Sweden, 1926; graduate work 

at Harvard Univ, 1951-52. 

Employment: Academic 

Inst. in Electrical Engineering (part time), Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm, 

• Sweden, 1929-31, 1932-37; Inst. in Electrical Engineering, New York Univ., 

1941-45. Univ. of Mich.: Lecturer, 1948-1953; Prof., 1953-, 

Other Professional 

Asst, Engineer, Radio Bureau, Swedish Telegraph Board, 1927-33; Development 

Engineer, 5venska Radio A.B., Stockholm, 1933-37; Development Engineers 

Gray Manufacturing Co., Hartford, Conn, 1939-40; Res. Assoc., Radio 

Res. Laboratory, Harvard Univ., 1943-46; Res. Physicist, Wesleyan Univ., 

Middletown, Conn., 1946-484 Res. Engineer, Eng. Res. Inst., 1948-53. 

Experience: Design of radio communication equipment; research in the fields of 

acoustics, crystals for frequency control, microwave circuits and generators, 

particularly magnetrons, and applications of information theory to communication. 

Publications: Articles--About 17 (6 with coauthors) on linear and nonlinear circuits, communication equipment, microwave measurements, theory of magnetrons, 

vibrations of crystals, and Langmuir-probe measurements in the ionosphere. 

Professional and Henorary Societies: Am. Institute of Electrical Engineers; 

Am. Physical Soc.; Institute of Radio Engineers; Sigma Xi. 

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JOHN H. HOLLAND Assistant Professor 

Education 

BS, Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1950 

MA, Mathematics, The University of Michigan, 1954 

Ph.D., Communication Sciences, The University of Michigan, 1959 

ientific Experience 

Previously with IBM, he was a member of the planning group for the IBM 

701 computer from 1950 to 1952. From 1952 to 1956, while doing graduate 

work at The University of Michigan, he was a consultant to IBM on problems 

of "concept-forming machines." From 1956 to 1958 he was a Research Associate with the Engineering Research Institute, The University of Michigan, and 

from 1959 to 1961 an Associate Research Mathematician for the University 

of Michigan Institute of Science and Technology while holding a lectureship 

first in Psychology and then in Philosophy and in the Communication Sciences. 

During the academic year 1962-63, Dr. Holland served as acting director of 

the Logic of Computers Group; he is at present Assistant Professor of 

Communication Sciences and a Research Associate of the Carnegie Institution 

of Washington, D.C. 

Pub 

1. "Information Processing in Adaptive Systems" to be published in Information 

Processin in the Central Nervous System, a symposium held at the 22nd 

Ieatonal Congress oi Physiological Sciences. 

2. "Concerning Efficient Adaptive Systems," Self-organizing Systems-1962, 

Washington D.C.; Spartan Books, pp. 215-230. 

S. (With M. R. Finley) "The Communication Sciences," Data Processing 1, 

August 1962, pp. 15-17. 

4. "Outline for a Logical Theory of Adaptive Systems," Journal of the Association for Cornuting Machinery..., 9, 3, July 1962, p. 29773147 

S. "Iterative Circuit Computers," Proc. 1960 West, Joint Computer Conf., 259-

265, 1960. 

6. "A Universal Computer Capable of Executing an Arbitrary Number of SubPrograms Simultaneously," Proc. 1959 Eastern Joint Computer Conf., 108-113, 

1959. 

7. "Cycles in Logical Nets," Journal of the Franklin Institute, 270, 202- 

226, 1960. 

8. "Survey of Automata Theory," Willow Run Laboratories Report 2900-52-R, 

The University of Michigan, 24 pages, 1959. 

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9, (With R. Denman and R. Kalaba) "On an Apnlication of Dynamic Programming 

to the Synthesis of Logical Systems," Journalof the Association for 

ComputinAMachinery, 6, 4, 3S6-493, 1059. 

10, (With Jo W. Crichton), "A New Method of Simulating the Central Nervous 

System," Willow Run Laboratories Report 2144-1195-M, The University of 

Michigan, 37 pages, 1959, 

11, (With other members of the Logic of Computers Group), "Review of 'Automata Studies," ffAC, 12, 94-99, 1953, 

12, (With N. Rochester, L, l Uaibt, and W. L, InIda) "Tests on a Cell Assembly 

Theory of the Action of the Brain," 1RE. Trans, mation theory, Sentember 

195b, 80-93, 1956, 

Professional es 

Member, American Mathematical Society 

Member, Association for Symbolic Logic 

Affiliate, 11th Prof, Group on Electronic Comnuters 

Member, American Assoc, for the Advancement of Science 

Member, AssoCiation for Computing Machinery 

lion° 

Levy Medal of the Franklin institute: Society of Sigma Xi. 
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hOLTER, :',ARVIN R. RESEARCH ENGINEER 

EDUCATION 

3S Physics The University of Michigan, 1949 

',IS Mathematics The University o! Michigan, 1951 

MS Physics The University of Michigan, 1958 

EMPLOYMENT 

Draftsman, St. Regis Paper Co., Oswego, N.Y., 1940-41 

Draftsman and Trouble Shooter, Ford Motor Company, Willow Run 

Plant Aircraft, 1942 

Designer Fluid Agitating Equipment, Mixing Equipment Company, 

Rochester, New York, 1944-45 

Supervisor and Designer Industrial Conveyors, Palmer Bee Company, 

Hamtramck, Michigan, 1945-46 

Assistant in Research, The University of Michigan, 1ST, 1947-50 

Research Associate, The University of Michigan, 1ST, 1950 

Research Engineer, The University of Michigan, IST, 1950-56 

Associate Professor, Engineering Mechanics, University of Toledo, 

1956-57 

Research Engineer, The University of Michigan, 1ST, 1957- 

EXPERT:INCE 

Limited warfare studies. Infrared airborne tieeet detection and discrimination. 

Infrared strip nap scanning system measurement and design, Design and anlvsis 

of optical co enications systems, Engineering mechanics teachine. All aspects 

of design o .ense systems against ballistic missiles, radar cress-section 

measurements. \ir defense ground system design. Data processor and digital 

computer logic I design and application. Aircraft design. Industrial conveyor desim Tluid agitation equipment design. Design of automatic machinery 

to fabricate .d fill 100 lb. paper bags. 

PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Industrial Math. Society of Detroit 

American Association of Computing Machinery 

Science Research Club, The University of Michigan 

National Academy of Sciences 

National Research Council 

Committee on the Use of Aerial Survey Methods in Agriculture 

Sigma Xi 

VI - 52 
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tS 

"Preliminary Study of a Missile Defense System," June 1950 (C) 

"Cost and Development Time Cstimatee for Joint AiiO0-GCI Storages and 

Communications Systems. t Ceeinerison of Analog and Digital 

Systems." April 1952 (S) 

"Michigan Air Defense System," Septer,',er 1952 (S) 

"Defense Against Ballistic Targets or the V-2 Class," December 1953 

"Studies in Radar Cross-Section XIII - Description of a Dynamic 

Measurement Program," May 1954 (C) 

"Defense Against 3allistic Targets of the Intercontinental Class," 

June 1954 (5) 

"Airborne Infrared Exercise 14-18 November 1955," 1956 (C) 

"Observation of a Moving Military Convoy with the Project MICHIGAN 

AN/AAS-4(XA-1)" 

"The Project MICHIGAN Infrared Wide Angle Scanner," presented as a paper 

at the IRIS Symposium in June 1959 and published in the Proceedings 

of that conference, October 1959, Vol. 4, No. 4. 

"A Method of Obtaining Resolution Finer than the Instantaneous Field of 

View of an Optical Scanning Device," with Suits, presented as a 

paper at the IRIS Symposium in June 1959 and published in the Proceedings of that conference, October 1959 

"Optical Mechanical Scanning Techniques," with W. Wolfe, The University 

of Michigan, Report No. 2900-154-R, April 1960, and published in 

Proceedings of IRE, September 1959 

"Fundamentals of Infrared Technology," with S. Nudelman, G. Suits, and 

W. Wolfe, and G. Zissis, MacMillan Co., 1962 

"Corrections of Compression Effects in Strip Map Scanners," with A.K. Parker, 

and G. H. Suits, published in the Proceedings of IRIS, May 1961, Vol. 6, 

No. 2 

"Maximum Range and Search Capability Comparisons for Passive Infrared 

Pulsed Laser and Pulsed Radar Detection Systems," 4479-20-J, 

with D. Carmer, to be published in the Proceedings of IRIS 

"General Range Equation for Optical Communication in Space," with 

K. Morris, 4968-3-J, to be published in the Proceedings of IRIS 

VI 53 
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JACKSON, PHILIP L. ASSOCIATE RESEARCH ENGINEER 

EDUCATIO 

5S Music University of Oregon, 1950 

AM Music The University of Michigan, 1952 

MS Instrumentation Engineering The University of Michigan, 1957 

EMPLOYMENT 

Micrometrical Manufacturing Comnanv, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1951-53 

Research Assistant, The University of Michigan, 1953-58 

Engineer, Bendix Systems Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1958-1960 

Research Associate, The University of Michigan, IST, 1960-1962 

Associate Research Engineer, The University of Michigan, IST, 1962- 

EXPERIENCE 

Investigation of special problems in surface contour and roughness. 

Experimental research in air temperature control, glass strength and 

optical distortion, detonation waves, and cryogenic measurements. Analytical and experimental development in measurement and control. Development and simulation of a correlator for range finding. Analysis of, 

specification for, and flight testing of a measurement system for airborne 

turbulence. Analysis, design, and testing of a three-axis motor for 

satellite control. 

Research and development on equipment and techniques for the acnuisition and 

analysis of acoustic background noise due to atmosoheric turbulence at high 

altitudes. Analysis of thermal noise in instruments. Optical Processing 

of seismic data. 

PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Member, Phi Mu Alpha 

Member, Delta Phi Alpha 

Member, Seismological Society of America, Eastern Section 

Member, Optical Society of America 

VT - 54 
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PUBIXCATIONS 

"Analysis of a Large Heat Exchanger," with co-author, Am. Chem. Soc. fa. 

Dyn. Symposium, July 1958 

"Unper Altitude Acoustic Measurements," with co-author, nresented to 

Acoustical Society of America meeting, October 1960 

"Use of a Large Thermocouple Junction to Locate Temnerature Distrubances," 

Project MICHIGAN Report No. 2900-218-R, January 1961 

"Envelope Coincidence Method to Extract Weak Seismic Signals in Noise," 

paper presented to Eastern Section of Seismological Society of 

America, November 1961 

"Optical Analysis Techniques Applied to Seismic Data," U of M Report 

4596-4-P 

"Instrument Noise in Electrodynamic Seismometers," Earthnuake Notes, 

bulletin of the Eastern Section of the Seismological ocie of 

America 

"Use of a Large Thermocounle Junction to Locate Temperature Distruhances." 

Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 33, No. 3, n. 334, March 1962 

"Signe n ancemen i roug an ,nsem Presentation," paper Presented to 

Seismological Society of America annual meeting, April 18, 1962 

"Signal Enhancement Through an Ensemble Presentation," to be published in 

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, accepted September 

TT= 

"Horizontal Subsystem Turbulence, Air Weather Reconnaissance," Final 

Report, Bendix Systems Division, October 1959 

"Time-varying Spectra and Dispersion Measurement Through Optical Diffraction 

Scanning," paper submitted to Bulletin of the Seismological Society of 

America, October 1963 

"Analysis of Variable-Density Seismograms Through Optical Diffraction," 

paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Society of Exploration 

Geophysicists, October 1963. 

"Optical Diffraction Techniques Applied to Variable-Density Seismograms," 

paper presented to Eastern Section of the Seismological Society or 

America, October 1963. 

PATENTS 

Mechanical-Electrical Transducer, U.S. Patent No. 3,096,656, July, 1963. 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

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THE UNIVF SITY OF MICHIGAN 1 Ann Arbor 

Name: JONES, Leslie M. 

Born: December 22, 1917 in Yonkers, New York 

Married (three children) 

on s.nd Ex erience: 

13.S. (Eng. Physics), Uni rsity of Michigan, 1940 

1940-41, Sound Engineer, Woodall Industries, Detroit Michigan 

Acoustical treatment of automobiles and appliances 

-1941-42, Production Engineer, Western Electric, Kearney, New 

Jersey, Filters for multiplex-long line telephone carrier 

systems. 

1942-46, Industrial Electronics Instrument Engineer, Physicist Research Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Development of 

electronic instruments for measuring surface finishes, 

aircraft engine performance and computing gunsight performance. 

1947-present, Research Engineer, University of Michigan Research 

Institute 

1949-present, Director, High Altitude Engineering Laboratory, Dept. 

of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engirring, University 

of Michigan. Development of techniques and instrum-ru-,tion 

for balloon, rocket and satellite experiments for measuring 

aeronomical high altitude nieteorolcq“cal parameters. 

Also, data re geophysical interja-aation as well as 

development of sounding rockets for such experiments. 

1957-63, Lecturer in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, 

University of Michigan. 

1963-present, Professor, Aeronautical E eering, University of 

Michigan. 

Professional and Honorar Societies: 

American Institute of Aeronautics 

and Astronautics 

Sigma Xi 

American Geophysical Union 

Co 

1958-present 

1954-present 

1961-present 

Senior Member 

Member 

Member 

Committee on Physics of Atmosphere 

and Space, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 

Committee on Extension to the Standard 

Atmosphere 

Committee on Upper Atmosphere • 

Rocket Research, Space Science Board 

Working Group II for the IQSY, COSPAR 

d in: 

Americ Men of Science 

VI - 36 

1960,-present Member 

1960-present Member 

1962-present Member 

1963-present Member 
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Professional l'ublications and Books: 

"Diffusive Separation in the Upper Atmosphere",(with L. T. Loh, 

W. Neil, M. H. Nichols, and E. A. Wenzel). hys ical Review, 84, 

No. 4, 846-847, 1951. 

"The Measurement of Diffusive Separation in the Upper Atmosphere", 

Jour. of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Spec. Suppi. I, 1954. 

"Satellite Drag and Air-Density Measurements",(with F. L. Hartman) 

Chapt, 10, p. 85, Scientific Uses of Earth Satelites, edited by James 

A. Van Allen. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1956. 

"Transit-Time Accelerometer", The Review of Scientific Instruments, 

27, No. 6, 374-377, June 1956. 

"Upper Air Density and Temperature by the Falling-Sphere Method", 

(with F. L. Hartman, L. W. Chaney and V. C. Liu) Journ. of Applied 

Physics, 27, No. 7, 706-712, July 1956. 

"The Nike-Cajun Sounding Rocket", (with W. W, Berning, W. H. Hansen, 

N. W. Spencer and W. G. Stroud) Jet Propulsion, March 1957. 

"Seasonal and Latitude Variations in Upper-Air Density", (with F. F. 

Fischbach and .1. W. Peterson), IGY Rocket Report Series, No. 1, 

July 1958, Nat. Mad. Sci. 

"The Measurement of Diffusive Separation in the; Upper Atmosphere". 

(with L. T. Loh, M. H. Nichols, and E. A. Wenzel), Nat. Acad. Sci.„ 

lay Rocket Report Series, No. 1, July 1958, (Moscow). 

"Upper Air Density and Temperature: Some Variations and an Abrupt 

Warming in the Mesosphere", (with J. W. Peterson, E. J. Schaefer and 

H. F. Schulte). Journ. Geoph. Research, Vol. 64, No. 12, 1959. 

"Measuring Upper Air Structure" Astronautics, Vol. 4, No. 7, Page 26, 

July 1959. 

"Upper Air Densities and Temperatures from Eight IGY Rocket Flights 

by the Falling Sphere Method", (with J. W. Peterson, IL P. Schulte and 

E. S. Schaefer) Nat. Acad. Sci. IGY Rocket Report Series, December 

1959) 

"Nike-Cajun and Nike-Deacon", (with W. H, Hansen and F. F. Fischbach) 

Chapt. 11, Sounding Rockets, ed. by H. E. Newell, McGraw-Hill, N. Y., 

1959. 

"Satellite Measurements of Atmospheric Structure by Refraction", 

(with F. F. Fischbach and J. W. Peterson), Planet.' Space Simi. , Vol. 9, 

pp. 351 to 352, 1962. 

"The Atmosphere," Chapter in Systems Engineering Handbook, ed. by 

R. E. Machol, McGraw-Hill, N. Y. , (in press). 

VI - 57 
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JONES Leslie M. 

Profess al Publications an ka 

11 

P Jere 

✓ hicle,, Ann 

per Air Structure 

search II, Procee 

,niposium, Florence, 

and A. F. Moore, North-Ho 

rice Rtorts: 

With Small Rockets". Space 

e ond International Space Science 

ed „ H. C, Van de Hoist, C. De Jager 

rid Publishing Co. Amster 1981. 

"The Measurement of Diffusive Separation in the Upper Atmospher 

(with others). Presented at the ord Conference on Upper Atmos 

phere ket Exploration, ord, Engl d, August 1953. 

%rid malty Measurers is", (with F. L. man) 

nposium on Scie ,:tic Merits of a Satellite 

Jan. 1056. 

"The Nike-Ca Ur: ct in the IGY", Proceedings of the CSAGI 

and Satellite onfee• :nee, Washington, D. C., September 30, 1957, 

(Published by Pergel*.ion.) 

ket Measurements of Tempi tures and Winds Above Ft. 

Churchill. C da", (with F. L.: oilman, W. Ba.ndeen, W. Nordberg 

W. G. Stroud). Proceedings of the ..!SAGI Rocket and Satellite Conference, ,ington, D. C. , Sept. 30-Oct. 5, 19' . 

"Instr 

Atx 

E OE 4.ti 

ntation for Meese ing the 

e", Proceedire .1" t'e 

American Roci t Society. 

of the Upper 

nd Astronautical 

"Upper Air Structure Measurements with small, kels m osium 

on Scientific Research by Means of Small Sounding ket COSPAR, 

Florence, Italy, April 10-14, 1961. 

U ,iversit of Michigan Research Institute Re o : 

"The Nike-Deacon Sounding Roc:.e - W. H. Hansen) Dept. of Aero. 

and Astro. Eng. , Ur 'v. of Mich., ERI Mere© Report, May 1955. 

"Deneit , r and Temp __are of the Upper Atmosphere as Measured by 

the Fa' est Sphere°P liod", (with F. L. Hartman) ERI Report 2299-1 F. 

• C- Mich. , Ann Arbor, Sept. 1955, 

"A Simplified Falling-Sphere Method for Upper-Air Density", (with F. 

L. rtinan) ERI Report 2215-10-T, Univ. of M oh„ Ann Arbor, June 

1 956. 

"Upper Air Densities and Temperatures Measures by the Falling Sphere 

Method, 1961Review", (with J. W. Peterson ORA Report 03558-5-T, 

Univ. of Mich. , Ann Arbor, Feb. 1961. 

"Atmospheric Measurements from Satellite Obsery tons of Stellar 

Refraction" (with F. F. Fischbach and S. W. Petersoi URA Report 

40963-1-T, Univ. of Mich. , Ann Arbor, Jan. 1962. 

VI - 58 
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THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN I Ann Arbor 

KELLY, WILLIAM C. Assistant Professor 

Education: Columbia Univ.: A.B., 1951; M.A.,1953; Ph.D. (Geology), 1954. 

Positions Held: Academic 

Columbia Univ.: Asst. in Economic Geology, 1951-53; Teaching Asst., 1()54. 

Hunter College: Instructor, 1954. Univ. of Mich.: Instructor, 1956-58; 

Asst. Prof., 1958- 

Other Professional 

Operations Analyst., Operations Research Office, Chevy Chase, Md., 1954-56. 

Experience: Mineralogy of oxidized lead-zinc ores; thermal analysis of natural 

iron oxides; time, motion, and cost effectiveness studies in transportation 

systems. 

Publications: Books, Bulletin, etc.--Topical Study of Lead-Zinc Gossans, Bulletin 

No. 46, New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, 1958. Analysis of 

Means for Logistic Ship to Shore Transfer of Cargo (with coauthors), Technical 

Manual, Operations Research Office, Chevy Chase, Md. 

Articles--1O (4 with coauthors) on mineralogy of metallic ore deposits, Antarctic 

rock weathering, thermal analysis of natural iron oxides, chromatographic 

analysis of ore minerals. Abstracts, Reviews, etc.--4 . 

Professional and Honorary Societies: Am. Mineralogical Soc.; Geochemical Soc.; 

Orological Soc. of fm.; Michigan Academy Arts, Sciences, and Letters; 

Sirie Carona Epsilon (Honorary Member); Sigma Xi. 

Special Distinctions: 

Listed in: American Men of Science. 

VI - 59 
of Mich., 1..9h Fishes of the Great Lakes 

Bulletin of Crantrook i 1947, Fish and Fishing] 1 igaY , E 4th ds Bros., 

1948, Freshwater Fishery Biology, Wm. C, Brown Co., 95,. , 

s: Books, Bulletins , etc.--Keys f o.r the Identification of the Fishes of the 

and Tributary Waters (with coauthor), Edwards Bros., 1939. Gui. 

of the Great Lakes and Tributary Waters (with coauthor), Bulletii:: of 

k inst, Sci 1941- Field and. Laboratory Studies n Freshwater Fishery Bin (with coauthor), 

s; 

,;enheim Fellow, 

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T IL E 

LAGLER, F 

Education: 

4) AN / Ann Arbor 

Profess Zoo.LOR 

Professor of Fisheries 

Chairman, Department of Fisheries 

Rochester: A.B. 1934. Cornell Univ.: 1938. Univ, of Mich.: 

Pos 

1940, 

ld: Aca,emic 

of Rochester: Teaching Assistant, 934-35. Univ. of Mich. : Teach: 

19:59; Instr,, 1939-44; Asst. Prof., 1944-50; Assoc. Profh, 1950-55; Prof. 

Chairman, Dept. of Fisheries, 1950- 

1955_ 

Other Profe 

UniAr, of Mich,: Investigator of fish management, 1937-59; Res. Associat 

of Vertebrate Biology, 1945-49, Am. Wildlife Inst.; Leader of Mich. Cooperative fish 

unit, 1937-40. Mich. Dept, of Conservation: Res. Associate, Institute of 

Fish Research, 1939- ; Indiana Lake and Stream Survey, 1942- . Cranbrook Inst, of 

Science: 1940-41; 1944-48; 1954- . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Biologist, parttime, Am, Fish Tackle ManufL2turers: Consultant, 1948-54. Great Lake., 

Res. Inst, Sec., 8-54. U.S. Bur.... •••, of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska: Consultant, 

summer, 1958. Expe, •ions: Upper Lakes, 1945-49; Western Europe, 1958-59, 

Experience; Ichthyology; ecology; i1 stri:`;utisand taxonomy of 

Lakes fishes; natural history of cold-blooded vertebrates' educational televi 

Articles--100 • h coauthors) iology of fishes, fishery management, education, 

ional and. Honorary Soc .t Am. Assn, for the Advancement of Science (Fellow„ 

Fisheries Soc. (Life Member); Am, Ins of Biological. Sciences; Am. Inst, of 

Research Biologists (Fellow); Am. Soc. of Ichthyologists and. Herpetologists 

mber); Am. Roe 3 of Limnology and Oceanography; Assn, of College Honor SOC, 

Member); Gamma Al ; Mich, Academy; Phi Sigma (Pres., 1953- "xi; 

• Univ. of Mich. Research Club; Wilson L1rniLhole, 1947, 

Listed In. American Men. of Science; Who's Who in Educa 
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LEGAULT, RICHARD R. RESEARCH MATHEMATICIAN 

EDUCATION 

BS Business Administration University of California, 1950 

MA Mathematical Statistics & Economics University of Chicago, 1952 

EMPLOYMENT 

Graduate Teaching Assistant, The University of California, 1949 

Research Assistant, University of Chicago$1950-52 

Student, University of Chicago, 1950-52 

Buyer, Procter & Gamble, 1953 

Sgt., U.S. Army, 1953-55 

Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Michigan, IST, 1955-56 

Research Associate, The University of Michigan, IST, 1956-59 

Associate Research Statistician, The University of Michigan, IST, 1959-60 

Research Mathematician, The University of Michigan, IST, 1960- 

EXPERIENCE 

The design and analysis of engineering field tests. Development of 

experimental designs for the field testing of large-scale systems. 

Development and application of statistical estimation and hypothesis 

testing techniques. Construction of mathematical models representing 

large-scale systems. Application of digital computer to perform model 

computations. Test data handling. Air 'defense. Air traffic control. 

Battlefield surveillance. Electronic interference. Infrared noise 

computation. Teaching in industrial engineering. 

PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Member, Phi Kappa Phi 

Member, Sigma Xi 

Member, American Mathematical Society 

Member, Institute of Mathematical Statistics 

VI - 61 
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"An Evaluation and Comparison of an Ai GSG-2 Antiaircraft Defense System 

an a Zone of interior Aircraft Systems", (2354-4-T), (co-author). 

"An Evaluation of an AN/GSG-2 Antiaircraft Defense System with NIKE", 

Vol. P, II and III (2354-5-T, 235'-6-T and 2354-7-T), (co-author). 

"The Evaluation Program for the AN/PSG-1 Antiaircraft D:.fense System", 

Vol. I and II (2354-8-T and 2354-9-T), (co-author). 

"Implication for Field Tests of the Modeling Approach", presented at 

the Symposium on the Prediction of Performance of Large-Scale Systems, 

(co-author), The University of Michigan, September 1958 (2354-11-S). 

"A Classi:lcation of Mathematical Models", abstract presented at the May 

1958 Ting of the Operations Research Society of America, in Boston, 

Masoa.-es. 

rotes for Short Course "Modeling and Simulation in Operations Research", 

The University of Michigan, 1960. 

"Estimation of Average Values in a Stochastic Model", Proceedings of the 

Symposium of Digital Simulation Techniques for Predicting the Performance of Large-Scale Systems. 

"Battle Field. Surveillance Simulation", (2900-158-T), The University of 

Michigan (co-author) in publication. 

"Terminal Operations Model of the Control of Air Traffic", March 1960, 

The University of Michigan, (co-author). 

"Analysis of Electronic Interference (04095-1-T)The University of 

Michigan, September 1960, (co-author). 

"Four Papers Concerning the Modeling of the Communications Systems?, (U), 

June 1961, (co-author). 

"Noise Infrarimetry Coefficients," The University of Michigan, 4479-148- 

Vol. 4. 

"Optimal Spectral Filter," IRIS, Vol, 8, No. 4, co-author, September 1963 

"Optimal Statistical Spectral Discrimination," The University of Michigan, 

5237-14-1 

"The Statistics of Spectral Distribution for Sky Backgrounds,", The University of Michigan, 5237-14-1 

"State of the Art Report on Spatial Filtering," IRIS, Vol. 9, Nol, co-author, 

November 1963. 

"Topics in Spectral Discrimination," notes for a short course "Special 

topics in Infrared, The University of Michigan, 1963. 

VI - 62 
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HE UNIVERSITY OF MICH GAN I Ann Arbor 

Name: LEITE, Richard J. 

Born: Fremont, Ohio, March 3, 1923 

Married (2 children) 

Education and E ience: 

B. N. S. , 1945, University of Notre Dame 

B. S. (Aero. Eng. ), 1947, University of Notre Dame 

M. S. (Aero, Eng.), 1948, University of Michigan 

PhD. (Aero. Eng. ), 1956, University of Michigan 

1943-56, Research Associate, Dept. of Aero. Engineering, University 

of Michigan. Aerodynam.icist in Upper Atmosphere Research 

Laboratory. Project Engineer on program for development of 

analog computer for automatic reduction of wind tunnel data. 

Sole invesdgation in experimental program concerning the 

stability of fully developed laminar flow in a pipe. 

1956-58 Senior Engineer with Booz-Allen Applied Research Inc, EetabHoned a program for efficient and timely processing and 

analyzing of electronic intelligence data and was responsible 

for a project concerned with a theoretical and experimental 

analysie of an explosion gas turbine. 

2, Research Engineer at the Radiation Laboratory, Dept. of Elec. - 

trical Engineering, the University of Michigan. Evaluated the 

fluid dynamic aspects of flow fields of orbiting satellites and the 

entire flight of ballistic missiles in conjunction with investigations 

concerning the associated radar cross-section and microwave 

emission characteristics. Assisted in an analysis of the electromagnetic characteristics of explosions, Project Engineer on a 

program concerned with passive microwave detection of ballistic 

missiles during the launch, mid-course, and re-entry phases of 

flight. Conducted various studies of the influence of plasmas 

generated by bow shockwaves on blunt re-entry vehicles and 

boundary layers on high performance re-entry vehicles, upon 

the propagation of microwaves through these plasmas. 

1962-present, Project Engineer, High Altitude Engineering Laboratory. 

Dept. of Aero. and Astro,. Engineering, the University of 

Michigan. Is directing a program concerned with the adapting a 

Paul-type RF mass spectrometer to analyze atmospheric constituents while aboard an earth satellite. 

Professional and Honora Societies: 

Institute of the Aerospace Sciences 

American Association for the 

Advancement of Science 

Sigma Xi 

Phi Kappa Phi 

American Rocket Society 

Professional Publications and Books: 

"Automatic Reduction of Wind Tunnel Data, " Aero. En . Rev. , 12 42-47, 

1953, (with L. L. Rauch, V, S. Haneman, and U. A. o eec a). 

"A Low-frequency Oscillator, " Rev. Sci. Instr.., 24, 901-903, 1953, (with 

R. M. Howe). 

1947-present Member 

1949-present Member 

1949-present Member 

1950-present Member 

1959-present Member 

VI - 63 
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"Automatic Reduction of Wind Tunnel Data" Trans.R -2, 

39-47, 1953, (with L. L. Rauch, V. S. Haneman, * * 

"An Experimental Investigation of the Stability of Poiseuille Flow, " 

J. Fluid Mech., 5, 81-96, 1959. 

"Critical Frequencies in tile Stagnation Region of a Shock Layer, 

Sci.,23, 620-821, 1961, (with N. Hawk). 

"An Experiment he Stability of Poiseuille Flow, " 

'i:urk„ January 1956. 

f Mich ra R6:-.h InMito:e Reports: 

"Detection of inr)17,:,tin, Summary Progress 

Report, with ;tvi „ raF,:ch, )s-ytil:, E.I.I5urdick. S. T. Harmon, 

K. M. Siegel, O.'. E. Vivian, 1-).1-A P. Ir. Z,4roitel, Report No. 2764-1-P, 

DA 36-029 ';(.75041, Confidential, March 1959. 

"Radiation From Rocket Exhatiots; 1 to 107Kcis, " with M. L. Barasch, 

C. K. Goberdhan, R. F. Goodrich, and IL Weil, Report No. 4259-1-F, 

General Electric PO 214-46079, Secret, January 1981. 

"Study of Microwave Radiometry Detection Techniques," Final Report, 

with B. A. Harrison, Report No, 2764-13-F, DA 36-039 SC-75041, 

Ccret, August 1961. 

,avestigation of Physical Modul for Satellite Detection, " Final Report, 

No. 2764-15-F, DA 36-039 SC-"5041, Unclassified, May 19624 

Listed in: 

American Men of Science 

American I 

Univ 

Aero. 

VI - 64 
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TILE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN / Ann Arbor 

NAME: Wilbur J. Lindsay 

TITLE: Associate Research Engineer 

DATE OF BIRTH: October 28, 1925 

EDUCATION: 

B.S. E.E. Texas A and M College, 1948 

M.S. E.E. Texas A and M College) 1954 

EXPERIENCE: 

Non-Academic: 

EGO Satellite Managing Engineers for Radio Astronomy Experiment, 

November 1961 to the present 

Associate Research Engineer, Radio Astronomy, University of Michigan, 

July 1961 - November 1961 

Associate Research Engineer) Cooley Electronics Laboratory, 

July 1960-July 1961 

Research Associate) Cooley Electronics Laboratory, 1954-1960. 

Engineer, Texas A and M Research Foundation, 1952-54 

Project Research Engineer, Halliburton Oil Weal Cem. Co., 

1951-52 

Assistant Engineer, Humble Oil and Refining Company, 1948-51 

Recorders Assistant, The Texas Company, 1947, summer 

SOCIETIES, ETC?: 

Member, Institute of Radio Engineers 

Tau Beta Pi 

Phi Kappa Phi 

Sigma Xi 

PUBLICATIONS: 

"Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers," "The Application 

of Dielectric Tuning to Panoramic Receiver Design," with T. Butler, 

L. Orr, September 1955. 

"Applications of the Mitron," with Boyd, Proc. of the National 

Electronics Components Conference, 1955. 

"Design for Automatic Spinning Goniometer Radio Direction Finding," 

with Heim, NBS J. Res., Sec. DIJune 1961 

Numerous classified technical reports. 

VI - 65 
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TIIE UNIVERSITY IIGAN / Ann Arbor 

NAME: John M. Malville 

TITLE: Assistant Professor of Astronomy 

DATE OF BIRTH: April 24, 1934 

PRESENT RESPONSIBILITIES: 

EGO experiment and ground based radio astronomy. Conducting 

research in the area of solar radio noise bursts. Theoretical 

studies of the mechanism of solar bursts and assisting in the 

planning of scientific instrumentation for observing and measuring solar radio bursts. 

EDUCATION: 

B.S., California Institute of Technology, 1956 

Ph.D., University of Colorado, 1961. 

EXPERIENCE: 

Non-Academic: 

Scientist, Arctic Institute of North America and Air Force 

Cambridge Research Center, Geophysics Research Directorate, 

Ellsworth Station, Antarctica, 1956-58. 

Research Assistant, Yerkes Observatory, University of Chicago, 

1958 

Research Scientist, Basic Science Laboratory, Lockheed 

California Company, Burbank, California, 1961-62 

Associate Research Physicist, Radio Astronomy, University 

of Michigan, February 1962-February 1, 1963. 

Academic: 

Assistant Professor of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 

February 1, 1963 to present. 

SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE: 

In charge of auroral and airglow program at Ellsworth Station, 

Antarctica; research scientist at Lockheed working in solar 

physics. 

SOCIETIES. ETC.: 

American Astronomical Society 

American Geophysical Union 

Si a Xi 

Astronomical Society of the Pacific 
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PUBLICATIONS: 

"Antarctic Auroral Observations, Ellsworth Station, 1957," 

3. C. R., 6141389, 1959. 

"Type B Aurora in the Antarctic," J. A. T. P., 16, 59, 1959. 

"The Effect of the Initial Phase of a Magnetic Storm upon the 

Outer Van Allen Belt," J. G. R,, 3008, 1960. 

"Excitation of Helium in the Aurora," 3. A. T. P. 210 54, 1961. 

"Narrow Hydrogen Emission in the Aurora," Planetary and Space 

Science, IL 130, 1960. 

"Artificial Aurorae Resulting from the 1958 Johnston Island 

Nuclear Explosions," .7, G. R., 621.1. 2267, 1959. 

"The Trajectories of Chromospheric Disk Sources," with G. E. 

Moreton, Nature, June 10, 1961. 

"The Association of Type III Bursts and Solar Flares," Ap. J., 

jai 834, 1962. 

"Characteristics of Type III Bursts," Ap. ,lib 266, 1962. 

"Type IV Radiation from Flares Covering Sunspots" with S.F. 

Smith, J. G. R. in press. 

"The Expansion of Flare Filaments," P.A.S.P., in press. 

"Spectrum of Coherent Electron Waves in the Solar Corona," 

A. 3., EL 580, 1962. 

"Association of Type IV Radio Bursts with Flares Covering 

Sunspot Umbrae," with S. F. Smith, P. A. S. P., 222„ 406, 1962. 

VI - 67 
Member 

Member 

. Rev. 

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THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN I Ann Arbor 

Name: MASON, Conrad J. 

Born: January 12, 1932, Detroit, Michigan 

Married 

B.S. (Physics) distinction, 1963. Unive. en 

M. A. (Physics), 1958, University of cel“'ornitI (Berk 

PhD. (Phyoies), 1960, University of Ce),Lfee., (13(3::Ite 

1952-53, Rc .rch Assistant at the Un: air of Michigan. 

1953-55, Ter .hisag Assistant at the Ur ratty of C ornre 

1955-60, Re E,.„..rch Assistant at the Uni.eesity of fornie. Radiation 

Laboratory. 

1960-63, ,ee ee Reset, h Physicist in the Radiation Laboratory of 

the tiverity 

1963-present, .eeeiete arch Physicist in the High Altitude 

Engineex- -lee' Laboratory, Dept. of Aero. and Astro. Engineering, 

of the Univt city of Michigan. 

and Honorary 

The American Physic ' Society 1959-present 

grna Xi 1957-present 

1 Publications a ' Bo ks: 

"Itesults From an Ere,:ehed Negative K-meson Beam. 

1417, 1957, (with cher). 

'..iyperon and Negative K-meson ,,eee,e fn+- Co:. 

Discovered Particles e 17t7;R N;" 

"Negatiee K-rneeon Reactions with Protons: Masses of Charged Sigma 

Hyperons and the Negative K-meson," Phys. ev., 112, 622-623, 1955, 

(with others). 

"Decay Meaaurements 

Ph . Rev°, 124 1209-122 

Particles of Negative Strangenees, 

s Given at Professional Meetings: 

"Hyperons and Hyperfragments from K-interactions in Emulsion, 

Am. Phys. Soc. II, 1, 336, 1956, (with others). 

"Interaction and Decay of Negative K-mesons," Bull. Am. Ph 

396, 1956, (with others). 

"T. -.iched K-meson Beams From the Bevatron, 

. 1956, (with others). 

"X Nuclear Reactions, . A 

others). 

,Ph LSOC.11, 1, 

235, 1957, (with 

"Lifetime and Decay Modes of Negative 

II, 4, 443, 1959, (with others). 

VI - 68 

one, ' Am. h 
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"The-A-Hyperon Mass and Production Spectrum From Negative Kmeson Reactions With Emulsion Nuclei,' Bull. Am. Phys. 

224, 1980, (with others). 

".4• Hyperon Production slid Decay Energetics: Apparent Anomaly in 

the Reaction K- + p. + 71 , " Bull. Am. Pkys. Soc.1i, 5, 224, 1960, 

with others). 

University of Michi n Research Institute Re► ort : 

"Electromagnetic Radiation From Shock Waves in a Low-Density WeaklyIonized Medium, " Department of Electrical Engineering Radiation 

Laboratory Report No. 2764-11-T, The University of Michigan, April 

1962. 

VI - 69 
LABORATORY 

RESEARCH: 

FY OF MICHIGAN / Ann Arbor 

RICHARD L. MEIER 

Kendallville, Indiana, 1920. 

Northern Illinois State Teachers College, 1936-39, 

(Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics). 

University of Illinois, 1939-40, BS(Chemistry) 

UCLA, 1940-44, MA(Ch mistry), Ph.D. (Organic Chemistry). 

California Research Corp., Richmond, California 43-47. 

Petrocarbon Ltd., Manche r, U. K. 1949°50. 

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T 1I E 

BORN: 

EDUCATION: 

ORGANIZATIONS 

WORK: Northern Calif. Assoc. of Scientists, Chairman, 1946-47. 

Federation of American Scientists, Ext. Secy., 1947-49. 

Society for General Systems Research, Sec.-Tress., 1957-61. 

ACADEMIC: Fuibright Scholar, Manchester School, UK 1949-50. 

Assistant Prof. of Planning, University of Chicago, 1950-56. 

Research Social Scientist, Mental Health Resch Institute, 

University of Michigan, 1957-- 

Visiting Lecturer, Harvard University, 1959-60. 

Associate Prof. of Conservation, School of Natural 

Resources, 1960---- 

RELEVANT 

STUDIES: flr.e and Economic ,Development, Technology Press and 

John Wily, 1956. 

A Urb .T. Press 1962. 

"Efficiency Criteria for' 

Library Quarterly 

the Operation of Lange Libraries", 

215-34, 1961. 

"Communications Overlo 

University Library", 

7 521-55, 1963. 

"Proposed Studies on the 

Activities for Human 

et al) for Committee 

by Brookings, 1960. 

oposals from the study of a 

nistrative Science Quarterly 

1 cations of Peaceful Space 

airs" (with Donald Michael 

g Range Studies of NASA 

(also various studies oil the social organization of 

science, long r ge planning, and organization theory) 

VI - 70 
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THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Ann Arbor 

NAME: Orren C. Mohler 

TITLE: Professor of Astronomy 

DATE OF BIRTH: July 29, 1908 

EDUCATION: 

A.B., Michigan Normal College, 1929 

M.A., University of Michigan, 1930 

Ph.D., University of Michigan, 1933 

EXPERIENCE: 

Professor of Astronomy, Chairman of the Department of Astronomy, 

and Director of The University of Michigan Observatories, 

1962 to the present 

Professor of Astronomy and Director of the McMath-Hulbert Observatory, 1961-62 

Professor of Astronomy and Assistant Director of the McMath-Hulbert 

Observatory, 1956-61 

Associate Professor of Astronomy and Assistant Director of the 

McMath-Hulbert Observatory, 1946-56 

Assistant Professor of Astronomy and Assistant Astronomer at the 

McMath-Hulbert Observatory, 1945-46 

Assistant Astronomer, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, 1940-45 

Observer, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, July-August 1939 

Instructor in Astronomy, Astronomer at the Cook Observatory, 

Swarthmore College, 1933-40 

Observer, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, The University of Michigan, 

September 1933 

PUBLICATIONS: 

"Helium Lines in Three Be Spectra," (with Helen W. Dodson). Publ. 

Amer. Astron. Soc. 7 (1932): 182 (Abstract). 

"A Determination of the Temperatures of BeStars," Publ. Amer. Astron. 

Soc. 7 (1933): 224. (Abstract). 

"The Radial Velocity of the Eclipsing Variable 49 Leonis," Publ. Amer. 

Astron. Soc. 7 (1933): 234. (Abstract). 

"A Determination of the Temperatures of BeStars." Publ. Obs. Univ. 

Mich. 5 (1933): 43-66. 

"The Spectrum of a Nova," Publ. Cook Obs. Univ. Pa. 1 (1935): 1-6. 

"An Account of the Roslyn House (Cook) Observatory." Pop. Astron. 43 

(1935): 1-9. 

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"A Spectroscopic Orbit for 49 Leonis," Astron. Journ. 45 (1935): 40. 

"The Spectroscopic Orbit of TX Leonis," Pub. Cook Obs., No. 2 (1936): 

1-11. 

"Application of Photoelectric Geiger-Muller Counters to Measurement 

of Ultra-Violet Radiation." Publ. Amer. Astron. Soc. 8 (1936): 250. 

(Abstract) 

"A New Photoelectric Device for Stellar Photometry." Publ. Amer, 

Astron. Soc. 9 (1936): 14. 

"Measurement of the Intensity of Sunlight in the Extreme Ultra-Violet." 

Astron. Journ. 46 (1937): 33-36. 

"An Application of Coarse Gratings and Wide-Angle Lenses to the Determination of Spectral Classes," Publ. Amer. Astron. Soc. 9 (1937): 129. 

(Abstract) 

"Measures of Effective Wave-Length with Wide-Angle Lenses." Publ. Cook 

Obs. No. 3 (1938): 1-25. 

"Some Changes in the Spectra of the Pleiades," Astrophys. Journ. 88 

(1938):. 623. 

"Cook Observatory Program," The Sky 2 (1938): 3-5. 

"Two Bright Line Stars," Harvard Announc. Card, 507 (1939). 

"Six New B Stars." Astrophys. Journ. 92 (1940): 315. 

"Report on the Solar Prominence Radial Velocity Program of the Mc-MathHulbert Observatory," (with R. R. McMath, H. E. Sawyer, and J. Brodie). 

Publ. Amer. Astron, Soc. 10 (1940): 59. (Abstract). 

"A Method of Measuring Radial Velocities in Solar Prominences," (with 

R. R. McMath, H. E. Sawyer, and J. Brodie). Pub, Obs, Univ. Mich., 8 

(1940): 57-59. 

"The Cook Observatory B Star Spectrographic Survey (with R. K. Marshall). 

Publ. Amer. Astron. Soc. 10 (1940): 141. 

"The Space Motions of Some Typical Prominences," (with H. E. Sawyer and 

J. T. Brodie). Publ. Amer. Astron. Soc. .10 (1940): 143. 

"The Measurement of Space Motions of Solar Prominences," (with R. R. 

McMath and H. E. Sawyer). Publ. Obs. Univ. Mich. 8 (1941): 123-132. 

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"The McGregor Spectrograph of the McMath-Hulbert Observatory," Journ. 

Opt. Soc. Amer., 34 (1944): 121-25. 

"Evidence for Coronal Absorption on the Solar Disk" (with R. R. McMath 

and L. Goldbert) Astron. Journ. 52 (1947): 156. (Abstract) 

"The Atmosphere of the Sun." School Sci. and Math. 47 (1947): 156. 

(Abstract) 

"Review of Edward Ford, David Rittenhouse: Astronomer-Patriot 1732-1796." 

N. Y. Hist. Soc. Quart., 31 (1947): 175-76. 

"New Atomic Lines in the Infrared Solar Spectrum" (with R. R. McMath, 

A. Adel and L. Goldberg). Phys. Rev. 72 (1947): 644-45. 

"Photometry of a Solar Flare." Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 59 (1947): 266-67. 

"High Dispersion Solar Spectrum in the 10,000A to 20,000A Region," (with 

R. R. McMath). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 59 (1947): 267-69. 

"The Use of a High-Dispersion Spectrograph in the Wave Length Region 1.0 

to 2.0 Microns," (with R. R. McMath). Astron. Journ. 53 (1948): 115. 

(Abstract) 

"Resolution of the Carbon Dioxide Bands at 1.6 Microns," (with A. Adel). 

Astron„ Journ. 58 (1948): 115. (Abstract) 

"A Solar Infrared Reflecting Spectrometer," (with R. R. McMath). Sky 

and Telescope, 7 (1948): 143-44. 

"Telluric Bands of Methane in the Fraunhofer Spectrum," (with R. R. 

McMath and L. Goldberg). Phys. Rev., 73 (1948): 1203-04. 

"Simultaneous Observations of Solar Flares, Surges and High-Speed Dark 

Flocculi", (with R. R. McMath). Observatory 68 (1948): 110-11. 

"A Reflecting Spectrometer for the Solar Infrared," (with R. R. McMath), 

Astron. Journ. 53 (1948): 200-01. (Abstract) 

"Spectroscopic Evidence for Ammonia in the Earth's Atmosphere," (with 

L. Goldberg and R. It. McMath). Phys. Rev. 74 (1948): 352-53. 

"The Abundance and Temperature of Methane in the Earth's Atmosphere" 

(with R. R. McMath and L. Goldberg). Phys. Rev. 74 (1948): 623-24. 

"Atmosplleric Absorption of Water Vapor between 1.42dw and 2.50p4" (with 

W. S. Benedict). Phys. Rev. 74 (1948): 702-03. 

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"New Bands in the Telluric Spectrum," (with R. R. McMath)Publ. 

Astron. Soc. Pac. 60 (1948): 119-20. 

"Recent Developments in Infrared Solar Spectroscopy," (with R. R. 

McMath and L. Goldberg). Astron. Journ. 54 (1948): 44. (Abstract) 

"Isotopes of Carbon and Oxygen in the Earth's Atmosphere," (with 

L. Goldberg and R. R. McMath). Phys. Rev. 74 (1948): 1881-82. 

"Excited-State Bands of Atmospheric CO,, (with R. R. McMath and L. 

Goldberg). Phys, Rev, 75 (1949): 520-21. 

"Telluric Bands of CH in the Solar Spectrum," (with R. R. McMath 

and L. Goldberg). As rophys. Journ. 109 (1949): 17-27. 

"New Solar Lines in the Spectral Region 1.52A-1.75p," (with R. R. 

McMath and L. Goldberg). Astrophys. Journ. 109 (1949): 28-41. 

"Solar,Spectroscopy with a Cashman Cell," (with R. R. McMath). Journ. 

Opt. Soc. Amer. 39 (1949): 903-07. 

"Some Newly Found Gases in the Air We Breathe." Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 

News Letter, 18 (1949): 78-82. 

"Carbon Dioxide in the Infrared Solar Spectrum," (with L. Goldberg, 

R. R. McMath and A. Keith Pierce). Phys. Rev. 76 (1949): 1848-58. 

"An Improved Tracing of the Solar Spectrum between 2.9 and 3.6 Microns," 

(with A. K. Pierce). Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 61 (1949): 221-22. 

"Note on Methane in the Infrared Solar Spectrum," (with R. R. McMath, 

A. K. Pierce and L. Goldberg). Phys. Rev. 76 (1949): 1533-34. 

0 Bands in the Solar Spectrum," (with R. R. McMath, A. K. Pierce, 

Goldberg and 8, A. Donovan). Phys. Rev. 78 (1950): 65. 

"The 3r, Band of TelluricCo the Solar Spectrum," (with L. Goldberg, 

A. K. Pierce and R. R. McMat). Phys. Rev. 78 (1950): 74. 

"New Solar Lines in the Spectral Region 1.97-2.49p, (with L. Goldberg, 

A, K. Pierce, and R. R. McMath). Astrophys. Journ. 111 (1950): 565-71. 

"Observations of Solar Limb Darkening between 0.5 and 11.2p.," (with 

A. K. pierce, 8. R. McMath and L. Goldberg). Astrophys. Journ. 112 

(1950) : 289-98. 

"Photometric Atlas of the Near Infrared Solar Spectrum fromX8465 to 

X25,242," (with R. R. McMath, L. Goldberg, and A. K..Pierce). Ann Arbor: 

Univ. of Mich. Press (1950): 7 pp, 234 tracings. 

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"Solar Atomic Lines in the 3p.region." Phys. Rev. 83 (1951): 464-65. 

"Solar Spectroscopy with Echelles," (with A. K. Pierce and R. R. McMath). 

Astron. Journ. 56 (1951): 137. 

"Some Recent Observations of Helium Lines in the Infrared Solar Spectrum." 

Astrophys. Journ. 115 (1953): 323-25. 

•, 

"Abundance of CO in the Sun and in the Earth's Atmosphere," (with L. 

Goldberg, R. R. McMath and A. K. Pierce). Phys, Rev. 85 (1952): 481-82. 

"Eclipse Observations of the Structure of the Chromosphere." Mo. Notices 

Roy. Astron. Soc. 111 (1951): 630-33. 

"Identification of Co in the Solar Atmosphere," (with R. R. McMath, A. K. 

Pierce, and L. Goldberg). Phys. Rev. 85 (1952): 140. 

"Experimental determination of Absolute f-Values for Methane," (with L. 

Goldberg and R. E. Donovan). Journ. Opt. Soc. Amer. 42 (1952): 1-6. 

"Table of Infrared Solar Lines 1.4-2.5p..," (with A. K. Pierce, R. R. McMath, 

and L. Goldberg). Astrophs. Journ. 117 (1953): 41-65. 

"Spectroheliographic Observations, 1952, February 25," (with H. W. Dodson). 

Observatory 73 (1953): 116-119. 

"The 50—foot Focal Length Vacuum Spectrograph for Solar Research," (with 

R. R. McMath and A. K. Pierce). Astron. Journ. 59 (1954): 328. 

"Observations of the K line in the Solar Spectrum." Astrophys. Journ. 

60, (1955): 173. (Abstract) 

"Doppler Shifts in Solar Granules," (with R. R. McMath and A. K. Pierce). 

Astrophys. Journ. 122 (1955): 565-66, 2 pls. 

"A Table of Solar Spectrum Wave Lengths 11984A to 25578A." Ann Arbor: 

Univ. Mich. Press (1955): 83 pp. 

"Preliminary Results with a Vacuum Solar Spectrograph," (with R. R. McMath, 

A. K. Pierce, and L. Goldberg). Astrophys. Journ. 124 (1956): 1-12. 

"The Width of the Infrared Helium Line in the Solar Spectrum," (with L. 

Goldberg). Astrophys. Journ. 124 (1956): 13-19. 

"A High-Resolution Isophotometer," (with A. K. Pierce). Astrophys. Journ. 

125 (1957): 285-86, 3 pls. 

"A Connection between the Granulation and the Structure of the Low Chromosphere," (with L. Goldberg and J. B. Brown). Nature (london) 179 (1957): 

369-370. 

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"The Profile of H during the limb flare of February 10,1956," (with 

L. Goldberg and E. A. Miller). Astrophys. Journ. 127 (1958): 302-307. 

lar Spectroscopy," Science, 128 (1958): 505-510. 

"Observation of Solar 'Points'" (with H. W. Dodson) Astron. Journ. 63 

(1958): 309-310. Abs. 

"Solar Research. Reported at Moscow," Sky and Telescope 18, (1958): 

77-80. 

"The double reversal in the cores of the Fraunhofer H and K lines," 

(with L. Goldberg and E. A. Miller). Astrophys. Journ. 129 (1959): 

119-133. 

Solar features associated with Ellerman's 'Solar Hydrogen Bombs'," 

(with H. W. Dodson and R. R. McMath). Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. 46 (1960): 

160-169. 

"Radio Astronomy: A general review of its third decade," Yale Scientific 

Magazine 34 (1960): 21-23 and 50-51. 

"Measurements of the K-line in Spectra of Sunspots," Astron. Journ, 65 

(1960):,55. (Abstracts) 

"The measurement of the local Doppler shift of Fraunhofer Lines," (with 

L. Goldberg, W. Unno and J. Brown). Astrophys. Journ. 132 (1960): 184-192. 

Book review: "The Sun" by Donald H. Menzel. Sky and Tel. 19 (1960): 

301-303. 

"Fraunhofer 

(1960): 124-127. 

and Heights in the Sun's Atmosphere," Sky and Tel. 20 

pectroscapy."- Ency. of Spectroscopy - 1960, p. 684-693. 

"TelescopeDriving Mechanisms," (with R. R. McMath). Stars and Stellar 

Systems . by Kuiper and Middlehurst) Vol. 1, Chapter 5, p. 62-79. 

"Solar Instruments," (with R. R. McMath). Handbuch der Physik/Encyclopedia 

of Physics, 54, Astrophysics 5: Miscellaneous (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1962). 

"Robert Raynolds Medath." QJRAS, 3, 130, 1962. 

'Astron.o ical Telescopes." McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and 

Technology - Year Book 1962, 497. 

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MORGAN, JOSEPH O. RESEARCH PHYSICIST 

EDUCATION 

BS Physics Purdue University, 1949 

MS Physics Purdue University, 1951 

EMPLOYMENT 

Research Assistant, Purdue University, Physics Department, 1949-53 

Principal Physicist, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, 1953-56 

Research Associate, The University of Michigan, IST, 1956-58 

Associate Research Engineer, The University of Michigan, 1ST, 1958-1959 

Associate Research Physicist, The University of Michigan, IST, 1959-1962 

Research Physicist, The University of Michigan, IST, 1962- 

EXPERIENCE 

Mr. Morgan has bean academically connected with Purdue University, where 

he did teaching and research in spectroscopy; engineering, and in high 

energy physics. He has also done work on the construction of synchrotron 

and cloud chamber components, as well as the development of atomic beam 

light sources and techniques of high-resolution spectrosconv. Other research at Purdue included work on thin semi-conducting films, and the arc 

spectrum of germanium, and diffraction grating ghosts. 

Mr. Morgan did research at Battelle Memorial Institute. Work at Battelle 

involved the development of thin semi-conducting films, photosensitive surfaces, high temperature precision electrical components, photo-diodes and 

high frequency transistors. He also developed static and dynamic high 

vacuum techniques and electrical component reliability, as well as doing 

- environmental tests. 

At the Institute, Mr. Morgan has been in charge of field research programs 

involving airborne infrared mapping, measuring, and interpretation techniques; 

tactical combat surveillance; and target and background characteristics. He 

has also conducted investigations of infrared radiation from aircraft, ballistic missiles, and other military targets; and has done research on techniques 

for calibration and thermal imaging. 

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PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Member, Optical Society of America 

Member, Sigma Xi 

Member, Science Research Club 

Member, Sigma Pi Sigma 

Member, American Institute of Physics 

PUBLICATIONS 

"Infrared Measurements of Ballistic Missiles During IRMP 1958," 

co-author, 2144-410-J and 2144-410-T, Proc. IRIS, Vol. 4, No, 4, 

October 1959 

"Infrared Detection of a Water-Borne Aluminum Sea Marker," Proc. IRIS, 

Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 505, January 1960 

"IR Data-Acquisition Program," co-author, 15 Sept. 1958-30 November 1959, 

2825-13-R and 2900-150-R, January 1960 

"IR Data Acquisition Program," co-author, Final Report, 2825-16-F, 

October 1960 

"IR Measurements on Missiles During the Launch Phase - IRMP 59/60," 

co-author, 2900-145-T, December 1960 

"Report of Visual, Thermal, and Radar Imagery for Detection of 

Surface and Subsurface Features in Greenland," co-author, 1961 

"An Infrared Data Acquisition Program in Greenland," Proc. IRIS, 1961 

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NAGY, ANDREW F. Research Engineer 

Education: Sydney Tech. College: A.S.T.C. (Radio Engineering), 1955. 

University of N.S.W., Australia: B.E. (Electrical Engineering), 1957. 

University of Nebraska: M.Sc. (Electrical Engineering), 1959. 

University of Michigan; M.S.E. (Electrical Engineering), 1960. 

Positions Held: Academic 

University of N.S.W.: Lecturer (part time), 1956; University of Nebraska: 

Instructor, 1957-58; University of Michigan: Teaching Fellow and Lecturer, 

1959-. 

Professional 

Technical Officer, University of N.S.W., 1954-55. Design Engineer, 

Fiectrical Control and Eng. Ltd., 1956-57. 

Experience: Design and testing of A.M. receivers; design of automatic control apparatus for industrial and educational purposes; vacuum systems 

work; instrumentation development and theoretical work for upper atmosphere research. 

Publications--"An Electronic Stepping Switch Function Generator," CP 61-4 

AIEE Winter General Meeting, New York, 1961. "Measurements of Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature, and Density at Very High Altitudes," 

Final Scientific Report 02804-7-F, Univ. of Mich., ORA Report (August 

1961)(with others). "Switching On-off Type Filament Emission Regulator," 

The Proc. of the IEE 108 Part 3, 665 (1961)(with others). "Direct FRegion Measurement of Electron and Ion Temperatures Using an Electable 

Ion Trap-Electrostatic Probe Instrument Package," Second Western National Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Palo Alto, December 

1962 (with others). "Space Charge Waves in the Ionosphere and their 

Effect on the Heating of the Atmosphere," Second Western National Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, Palo Alto, December 1962 (with 

others). "Theoretical Investigation of Sounding Rocket and Satellite 

Born Ion Traps," Scientific Report, Univ. of Mich., ORA, December 1962. 

Professional and Honorary Societies: Institute of Electrical Engineers; Electrical Eng. Society of the University of N.S.W.; Eta Kappa Nu; Sigma Xi; 

American Geophysical Union. 

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T 11 E UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN I Ann Arbor 

NAME: Lyman W. Orr 

TITLE: Research Engineer 

DATE O1 BIRTH: December 27, 1915 

PRESENT RESPONSIBILITIES: 

Technical Consultant on Instrumentation for Space Radio Astronomy 

program, 

EDUCATION: 

University of Toronto, 1.943 

M.S. University of Michigan, 1946 

Ph.D. University of Michigan, 1949 

EXPERIENCE: 

Academic: 

Instructor, Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1952 

Non-Academic: 

Research Engineer, University of Michigan, 1951 to present. 

Research Engineer, Burroughs Research Division, 1950-1951. 

Research Engineer, Engineering Research Institute, University of 

Michigan, 1946-1950. 

SUMMARY CF TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE: 

Electronics circuit engineering, ferromagnetic and ferroelectric 

tuning techniques for rf circuits, investigations of transistors 

high-speed printing techniques for computing machines, magnetic 

research for computing machines, electronic-defense work, investigation of the spectrographic spark source. 

Secure Voice Communication System Development 

Automatic Direction Finder System 

Sweep-Frequency EGO Satellite Receiver Development 

SOCIETIES, ETC.: 

Institute of Radio Engineers 

Science Research Club 

Sigma Xi 

PUBLICATIONS: 

Articles: 

A Study of the High Frequency Structure of Spectres Light Intensity 

Produced by Spark Excitation Using Electron Multiplier Phototubes," 

Doctoral Thesis, University of Michigan, 1949. 

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"Reversible Susceptibility in Ferromagnetic Materials," with D. M. 

Crimes and M. H. Winsnes,Tha. Rev., 52a1953, p. 435. 

"Wide-Band Amplitude Distribution Analysis of Voltage Sources," 

Rev. Sci, mats., p. 8940September 1954. Also, IRE National 

Convention Record, 2, Pt. 10, pp. 92-96, March 1954. 

"Subminiature Nonlinear Capacitors for Application to VHF Wide Range 

Tuning Devices," with H. Diamond and T. W. Butler, Jr., Proc. National 

Electronics Conference, 11, pp. 839-847, 1955. 

"Application of Dielectric Tuning to Panoramic Receiver Design," 

with T. W. Butler, Jr., and W. J. Lindsay, Proc. 214 43, p. 1091, 

September, 1955. 

"A Nuclear Reactor Simulator for Teaching Purposes," with W. Kerr 

and H. J. Gomberg, Proc. ,Nuclear ne n and Soixmcc Congress) 

Cleveland, Ohio, December 12-1 1955. Also published in Elec. Eng., 

pp. 364-367, April 1956. 

"Nonlinear DC Tuned Capacitors," with T. W. Butler, Jr., and H. 

Diamond, Teletech and Electronic Industries, $ No. 5, p. 68, May 1956. 

"Compensating Voltage Dividers for Frequency," Electronics, 

No. 8, p. 1940 August 1956. 

"A Portable Neon Multivibrator Demonstrator," Electronics, 22 No. 6 

pp. 198-2020 June 1957. 

"A Target Simulator for Conical Scan Radars," Proc. National Electronics 

Conference, 134 pp. 728-737, October 1957. Also published in Electronic 

Equipment Engineering, .6 No. 2, pp. 38-41, February 1958. 

Reports: 

"Transistor Properties and Applications in Digital Computer Servicej" 

ERI Proj. M731A (Burroughs Corporation), January 1950, 44 pp. 

"High Speed Printing by Spark and Evaporative Techniques," with 

It. R. White and H. C. Early, ERI Proj. M741 (Burroughs Corporation), 

January 1951, 45 pp. 

"Permeability Measurements in Magnetic rrites0" EDG Tech. Rept. 9, 

September 1952. 

"Wideband Amplitude Distribution Analysis of Voltage Sources," EDG 

Tech. Rept. 22, October 1953. 

"Interim Report on Ferroelectric Materials and their Applications," 

with H. Diamond, EDG Tech. Rapt. 31, July 1954. 

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"Ferromagnetic and Ferroelectric Tuning " Tech. Rept. 32, 

September 1954. 

"Magnetic Modulator Design Employing MU Surfaces for Forrites," EDG 

Tech. Rept. 37, September 1954. 

"e-T-E Surfaces of Ferroelectric Ceramics," EDG Tech, Rept, 530 

October 1955. 

"A Butterfly Loop Automatic Recorder for Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Materials," with M. H. Winsnes„ EDG_Tech. Rept. 61, March 1956. 

"Research and Development of Improved Ignition Systems," Frog. Rept. 1 

with G. A. Roberts, H. F. Schulte, T. W. Butler, and J. Otterman ERI 

Proj. 2370-2 (Chrysler Corporation), May 1956. 

"The Conical Scan Radar Target Simulator," with R. C. Webber, 

Tech. Rept. 73, August 1957. 

"Antenna Studies for the Mark I Continuous Monitor Jamming System," 

with J. F. Cline and C. B. Lindell', Tech. Rept, 74, August 1957. 

SECRET. 

"Secure Communicatic s Systems Using the CMjS," Tech. Rept. 78, 

February 1958, SE 

"A Two-Frequency Beacon for High-Altitude Ionosphere Rocket Research," 

with P. G. Cath and B. R. Darnall, Final Rept., Proj, 2816:3, Electronic Defense Group, December 1959. 

PATENTS: 

Patent No. 2,698,399, December 

for Electron Discharge Devices 

1954., Magnetic Deflection Means 

ed July 11 1951). 

Patent No. 2,737 2, March 13, 

forating Machine (Filed May 16, 

Patent No. 2,779,652, January 29, 1957, Filing Apparatus (Filed 

July : .8, 1952). 

1956, High Speed Printing and Per 

1952). 

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NAME: Robert G. Peltzer 

TITLE: Assistant Research Engineer 

DATE OF BIRTU: November 20, 1931 

PRESENT RESPONSIBILITIES: 

Technically responsible for the EGO radiometer development 

test and integration into the 8-49 Satellite. 

EDUCATION: 

B.S.E., University of Connecticut, 1957 

M.S.E., University of Michigan, 1961 

EXPERIENCE: 

Non-Academic: 

Assistant Research Engineer, Radio Astronomy, University 

of Michigan, February 1962-present 

Assistant Engineer, Electronic Engineering, Bendix Systems 

Division, Ann Arbor, 1957-1962 

Senior Electronics Technician, Electronics Department, 

United Aircraft Company, CANEL Division, 1956 

Gauge Inspector, Gauge Standards Department, United Aircraft 

Company, Pratt & Whitney Division, 1953-54 

Instrument Mechanic, Experimental Test Lab., United Aircraft 

Company, Pratt & Whitney Division, 1953 

Electronics Technician, U. S. Navy, 1949-1953 

SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE: 

Bendix Systems Division: Responsible for development, field 

test and evaluation of a Doppler detection system for aircraft. Conducted research on the electrostatic suspension 

of a reaction sphere. Conducted a study of the problems involved in accurately determining wind velocity from a high 

performance aircraft. Participated in the system design of 

an airborne radar to be used for meteorological research and 

weather synopsis. Participated in the solution of multitudinous problems involving radar and acoustics. 

United Aircraft Company, CANEL Labs.: Designed electronically 

regulated power supplies and an X-Y recorder. 

United Aircraft Company, Gauge Standards: Tested and repaired 

standard and inspection gauges, both mechanical and electrical. 

United Aircraft Company, Experimental Test: Repair, maintenance 

and test of aircraft engine test equipment. 

U. S. Navy: Responsible for repair and maintenance of all 

electronic equipment aboard a destroyer. 

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SOCIETIES, ETC.: 

Sigma Xi 

Tau Beta Pi 

Eta Kappa Nu 

Phi Kappa Phi 

Institute of Radio Engineers 

PUBLICATIONS: 

"An Airborne d r Weather Reconnaissance," presented 

to the 8th Weather Radar y cesium of the American Meteor° 

logical Society. 

PATENTS: 

None 

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ROWE, JOSEPH E. Associate Professor 

Education: Univ. of Mich.: B.S.E. (E.E.), 1951; B.S.E. (Math.), 1951; M.S.E. (E.E.), 

1952; Ph.D. (E.E.), 1955. 

Positions Held: Academic 

Univ. of Mich.: Teaching Fellow, 1949-51; Lecturer, 1952-55; Asst. Prof., 1955-57; 

Assoc. prof., 1957- 

Other Professional 

Eng. Res. Inst.: Res. Assistant, 1951-53; Res. Assoc., 1953-55. Univ. of Mich.: 

Head, Electron Physics Lab., 1958- 

Experience: Microwave circuitry and measurements) microwave vacuum tubes, radar circuitry, and high-vacuum tubes, plasmas, solid-state masers. 

Publications: Articles--12 on traveling-wave amplifiers, backward wave oscillators, 

electron injection systems. 

Professional and Honorary Societies: Am. Institute of Electrical Engineers; Am. Mathematical Soc.; Institute of Radio Engineers; Eta Kappa Nu; Phi Kappa Phi; Sigma 

Xi; Tau Beta Pi. 

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Name: SCIIA-EFER, Edward J. 

Born: November 26, 1919, in New York 

cation and Experience: 

..-- 

B. .E. E.. Cooper Union, New York (1943) 

M. S., University of Michigan, (1948) 

1941-42, Lab. Assistant, B. 0. Boshme, New York, N. Y. , 

Test communication terminal equipment. 

1942-43, Assistant Electrical Engineer, 14. 0. Boehme, N. Y. , 

Supervise and devise acceptance tests. 

194345, Assistant Electrical Engineer, Princeton University, 

Princeton, N. J.,, Design, construct and maintain 

electronic equipment. 

1945-46, Project Engineer, Princeton University, Design, install 

Lark Telemetering equipment. Record and analyze 

flight data. 

1946-present, Research Engineer, Dept. of Aero. and Astro. Eng., 

Sponsored Research, University of Michigan, 

Supervisor, research program in composition of the 

upper atmosphere by mass spectrometry. 

ProjectsUniv.of Michigan 

. 

1. Develop alphatron for impact and side cone measurements 

aboard V-2's. 

2. Develop Pirani wire circuitry for above measurements. 

3. Develop inflatable falling sphere experiment for use aboard 

Aerobeets. 

4, Devei,,,, ti ping and actuaiing circuitry for sampIc 

exrir.:,..?nt3 aboard V-2's and Aerobee's. 

5, Direct fiel(i operations for all above. 

6, Direct work on development of multiplexed multiplier. 

7, Instrument detonation tube for acceleration measure 

8. Develop dual spark light sources for shock tube Scblieren 

photography. 

9. Develop small solid falling sphere experiment for use aboard 

Nike-Cajun rockets. 

10. Launch 5 experiments from shipboard on cruise to Greenland 

(Oct-Nov. 1956) 

11. Instrument Grenade experiment for Nike-Cajun 

12. Direct development of firing circuitry for Strongarm rocket. 

13. Direct project for composition measurements of upper 

atmosphere. 

1957, SaneAug. 1958, Member Technical Staff, Ramo-Wooldridge Corp., 

(Later, Space Technology Labs. )„ Technical direction of Atlas 

flight test program. Determined detailed teat objectives, 

evaluated results. 

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Professional €e ssional and Honorer Societies: 

Institute of Radio Engineers 

Sigma Xi 

Publications: 

"Upper-Atmosphere Structure Measurements", University of Michigan 

Research Institute Report #2841-1-F, December 1959. 

"Upper-Atmosphere Structure Measurements", University of Michigan 

Research Institute Report #3598-1-P, April 1960. 

"Upper-Air Density and Temperature: Some Variations and an Abrupt 

Warming in the Mesosphere' (with co-authors), J. Geophys. Res. , 

Vol. 64, No. 12, December 1959. 

"A Mass Spectrometer for Upper-Air Measurements" (with M. H. Nichols) 

Presented at Nat'l LAS-ARS Joint Meeting, June 13-16, 1961. ARS Jour., 

Vol. 31, No. 12, December 1961. 

"Neutral Composition Obtained from a Rocket-Borne Mass Spectrometer, " 

(with Myron H. Nichols), COSPAR Paper for Fourth International Space 

Science Symposium, Warsaw, Poland, June 3-11, 1983. 

"The Dissociation of Oxygen Measured by a Rocket-Borne Mass Spectrometer, " 

Published in Journal of Geophysical Research, Feb. 15, 1963. 

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Hal F. Schulte, Jr. 

TITLE: Associate Research Engineer 

DATE OF EIRTH: July 23, 1923 

PRESENT R....IPONSIBILITIES: -

UM borne actic back ron•. :mperature measurement 

EDUCATICA: 

U versity of 1949 

M.S.E. University of t cfiigan, 1955 

EXPERIENCE: 

Academic: 

Lecturer, Electrical Engineering, University of Michiga 

,-present 

Non-Ac ic: 

Associate Research Engineer, University of Michigan, 1949-present 

kRY OF TECHNICAL EXPERIE,NOL: 

M..ascnt of upper at',. aphere temperature pressure sity 

by , sure gages and f.,ling-sphere via rockets, 10 ; 

Supelsor, Electronic trumentation Laboratory, 3 years. 

Radio Astronomy, 1 year, 

OCIETIES ETC.: 

Eta Kal 

Member, :Itute of Radio Engineers 

PUBLIC. 

"Roc et Instrumentation for Reliable Upper-Atmosphere Temperature 

Deterp nation," with H. S. Sieinski and N. W. Spencer, Proc. 

42, No. 7, July 1954. 

"Upper Air Density and Temperature: Some Variations and an 

Ahru:: Warming in the Mesosphere," with L. H. Jones, et al., 

a Res., 64, No, 12, December 1959. 

"Upper Air Densities and Temperatures from Eight ICY Rocket 

Flights by the Falling Sphere Nt with L. M. Jones, et al., 

ICY Roci December 1959. 
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"Characteristics of the McKibben Artificial Muscle," in "The 

Application of External Power in Prosthetics and Orthotics," 

Nat. Acad. Sci., Nat. Res. Council, Publ. No. 874, January 1961. 

"The Effect of Artificial Unipolar Air Ionization on Hypersensitivity Phenomena," with R. C. Field, et al., The University 

of Michigan Medical r.ulletin, 21, No. 5, September-October 1961. 

"A Research Instrument for the Study of Raindrop-Size Spectra," 

with A. N. Dingle, J. of Appl. Meterology, 1, No. 1, March 1962. 

Classified Title, with J. Nemrich, EDG Tech. Rept. 10, March 

1953. 

"Modification of Air Force Type J-8 Attitude Horizon Indicator 

for Aerobee Rocket Instrumentation," ERI Rept. 2096-12-T, 

December 1955. 

"A Simplified Falling Sphere Method for Upper-Air Density. 

Part it, Density and Temperature Results from Eight Flights," 

with J. W. Peterson and E. J. Schaefer, UMRI Rept. 2215-19-F, 

May 1959. 

"Formation of a Radio Frequency Plasma at an Antenna during 

Falling Sphere Measurements," with G. A. Burns, et al., Rand 

Corporation Rept. R339, June 1959. 

"Falling-Sphere Instrumentation Development," with J. W. 

Peterson and D. A. Robinson, UMRI Rept. 2649-9-F, February 

1960. 

"Characteristics of the Braided Fluid Actuator," ORA Rept. 

C4468-5-T, November 1961. 

"Falling-Sphere Experiment for Upper-Air Density: Instrumentation 

Developments," ORA Rept. 03558-6-F, April 1962. 

"Rocket-Borne Alphatron Atmospheric Pressure Measurement System," 

with N. W. Spencer, IRE Conference on Airborne Electronics, 

Dayton, Ohio, 1951. 

"Mach Number and Yaw Angle Determination for Conical Flow 

Regimes Using Two Surface-Flow Angle Indicators," with H. S. 

Sicinski, American Physical Society Meeting of the Division 

of Fluid Dynamics, Langley Field, Virginia, November 1954. 

"Formation of a Radio Frequency Plasma (At Antenna) During 

Falling Sphere Measurements," with G. A. Burns, et al., Rand 

Corporation Conference on Aerodynamics of the Upper Atmosphere, 

Santa Monica, California, June 1959. 

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sity 

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cle," 

AcademySciences, ivee of the Committ 

ics ResearchDevelopment , at Northwestern Univergo, Illinois, Decemloer 1959. 

1 1A Research Instrument L 

gle, lnsti 

San Francisco, California, 

Stu 3y of Rat op-Size Spectra, 

.ety o ca Conference, 

1960. . '(-SF60. 

National Research Coup; Conference 

al rower in Frochetics a 

-owhea rma, Septemb 1960, 

PAT',NTS: 

None 

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SIMMONS, FREDERICK S. RESEARCH ENGINEER 

EDUCATION 

SHE Mechanical Engineering New York University, 1948 

MS Mechanical Engineering Case Institute of Technology, 1951 

EMPLOYMENT 

Aeronautical Research Scientist, U.S. National Advisory Committee 

for Aeronautics, Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory, 1948-55 

Principal Scientist, Rocketdyne, Division of North American Aviation, 

Inc., 1955-62 

Research Engineer, The University of Michigan, 1ST, 1962- 

EXPERIENCE 

At the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory, Mr. Simmons conducted 

experimental and analytical studies on measurement problems in the 

research testing of turbojet, ramjet, and rocket engines. He worked 

on the design and testing of new and improved instruments for pressure, 

temperature, and fluid-flow measurements, as well as fundamental studies 

in the meaning and measurement of temperature in flames and high-velocity 

gases. 

At Rocketdyne, Mr. Simmons did experimental and analytical studies on 

measurement problems in the research testing of small liquid-propellant 

rocket engines and developmental testing of large. liquid-propellant rocket 

engines; photometric studies of rocket exhaust jets to determine exhaust 

gas temperatures and spatial distributions of spectral radiance; and 

theoretical and experimental studies of the thermodynamic and aerodynamic 

processes in rocket nozzles and exhaUst jets. During his employment here, 

his research involved the use of quantitative emission spectroscopy in the 

visible and infrared for determination of the spectral emissivity of exhaust 

nroducts. He was also responsible for government supported programs of research on the optical and electromagnetic characteristics of rocket exahust 

plumes. 

At the Institute, Mr. Simmons has performed research primarily in the areas 

of launch phase theory and analysis. He has supervised the efforts of several 

scientists to compare the results of theory with laboratory and field experiments. 

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PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

American Rocket Society 

Optical Society of America 

The Combustion Institute 

PUBLICATIONS 

"Recovery Corrections for Butt-Welded Straight Wire Thermocouples in 

High Velocity High Temperature Gas Streams," NACA RME54 C221, 1954 

"Analytic Determination of the Discharge Coefficient of Flow 

Nozzles," NACA TN 3447, 1955 

"Radiation and Recovery Corrections and Time Constants of 

Several Chromel-Alunel Thermocouple Probes in High-Temperature," 

NACA TN 3766 (1956, co-author 

"Theory and Design of a Pneumatic Temperatgre Prmb'3nd Experimental 

Results Obtained in a High Temperature Gas Stream," NACA TN 3893 

1957, co-author 

"Photographic Technioue for Measuring Temperatures in Luminous Rocket 

Exhaust Flames," Journal Optical Society of America, 48, 717, 1958 

"Photographing Pvromet4-( aunt f Engineering 

31, 144, 1959, co-author 

"Photographic Pyrometry with a Color Separation Camera," Journal 

Ontical Society of America, 49, 735, 1959, co-author 

"Expansi_n xvgen o -P-1 Combustion Products in a Rocket 

Nozzle," ARS Journal, 30, 193, 1960 

"Spectral Emissivity of Dispersed Carbon in Rocket Exhaust Oases," 

Proc IS, 5, 47, 1960 

"Spectral nafometry and Two-Path Pyrometry of Rocket Exhaust Flames, 

Te Its Measurement and Control in Science as. 

7nnold T7771Thg, C0r7)., 

"A 2000° Slit-Aperture Blackbody Source," Rev. S. Instr., 32, 1265, 1961 

co-author 

"Experimental and Theoretical Determinations of the Spectral Emissivities 

of Hydrogen Fluoride in Rocket Exhaust Cases," Proc. AMRACVI,865, 1962, 

co-author 

"Infrared Spectral Er of Rocket Exhaust Products for Various 

Propellant Oombinations," Proc. IRIS, Vol, 7, No, 2. Aug, 1962 
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LISTED 14 

American !len of Science 
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TH E UNIVERSITY OF MICH I GAN Ann Arbor 

NAME: Newbern Smith 

TITLE: Professor of Electrical Engineering 

EDUCATION: 

B.S. .E.)„ University of Pennsylvania, 1930 

M.S. .E.), University of Pennsylvania, 1931 

Ph.D. (Physics), University of Pennsylvania 

EXPERIENCE: 

Academic: 

Professor, Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan 

1959-present 

Lecturer, George Washington University, 194248 

Teaching and Research, University of Pennsylvania 1931..35 

Non-Academic: 

Head, Radar Laboratory, Willow Run Laboratories, University of 

Michigan, 1957-59 

Supervisor)Project Michigan, Willow Run Laboratories, 1954-57 

Head Radar Group, Willow Run Laboratories, 1954 

Chiefs, Central Radio Propagation Laboratories, National Bureau 

of Standards, 1948-54 

Assistant Chief, Central Radio Propagation Laboratories, 1946-48 

Headi Interservice Radio Propagation Laboratory, National 

Bureau of Standards, 1942-46 

Physicist (Radio) National Bureau of Standards, 1935-42 

SUMMARY OP TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE: 

Reserach on ionosphere and application of radio-wave propagation 

to radio-communication problems; upper atmosphere; field station 

operations; frequency utilization; tropospheric propagation; 

radio standards and measurements. Teaching of physics (graduate 

and undergraduate), high frequency theory, co unication engineering, radio wave propagation, and electrical engineering. 

IDES, ETC.: 

American Geophysical Union 

American Association for the Advancement of Science 

Institute of Radio Engineers 

Optical Society of America 

Philosophical Society of Washington 

Washington (D.C.) Academy of Sciences 

Eta Kappa Nu 

Si a Tau 

Tau Beta Pi 

VI-94 
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PUBLICATIONS: 

"The Ionosphere, Sunspots and Magnetic Storms," with S. S. Kirby, 

at al., Phys. B12., 180 849 (1935). 

"The Ionosphere, Solar Eclipses and Magnetic Storms," with S. S. 

Kirby, at al., Phys. Rev., 50, 258-259 (1936). 

"Ionosphere and Magnetic Storms," with S. S. 

19./.0 al, 1 992-993 (1937). 

tjatzet Ionosphere S. 

Gilliland, 

Storm," 

"Predictions of Normal Radio Critical Frequencies Related to 

Solar Eclipses in 1940," 4. Research NBS, 24, 225-228 (1940). 

"Characteristics of the Ionosphere and their Application to 

Radio Transmission," with T. R. Gilliland, at al., J. Research 

NBS, 22, 627-639 (1938), also published in Proc. IRE. 2g, 1347-

1350 (1938). 

"Application of Vertical-Incidence Ionosphere Measurements to 

Oblique-Incidence Radio Transmissions," J. Research NBS, 20, 

683-705 (1938). 

"Trends of Characteristics of the Ionosphere for Half a Sunspot 

Cycle," with T. R. Gilliland and S. S. Kirby, 3. Research NBS, 

gl, 835-845 (1938). 

"Oblique-Incidence Radio Transmission and the Lorentz Polarization Term," J. Research NBS, 26. 105-116 (1941). 

"Averages of Critical Frequencies and Virtual Heights of the 

Ionosphere Observed by the National Bureau of Standards, 

Washington, D. C., 1934-1936," with T. R. Gilliland, at al., 

Terr,. Nag.and Amos. Elec., 1, 379-388 (1936). 

"Critical Frequencies of Low Ionosphere Layers," with S. S. 

Kirby, Phys. Rev., ,11.1890-891 (1937). 

"Characteristics of the Ionosphere at Washington, D. C., January 

to May 1937," with T. R. Gilliland, at al., Proc. IRE, 1174- 

1184 (1937). 

"Extension of Normal-Incidence Ionosphere Measurements to ObliqueIncidence Radio Transmission," J. Research NBS, 19.0 89-94 (1937). 

"The Relation of Radio Sky-Wave Transmission to Ionosphere 

Measurements," Frac. IRE, ga, 332-347 (1939). 

Kirby, at al., Phys. 

S. Kirby and T. R. 

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"The Variability of Sky-Wave Field Intensities at Medium and 

High Frequencies," with M. B. Harrington, CCIR Tech. Paper, 

Stockholm (1948). 

"The Developments in Radio Sky-Wave Propagation Research and 

Applications during the War," with J. H. Dellinger, Proc. IRE 

3gi, No. 2, February 1948. 

"Influence of the Sun upon the Ionosphere," Proc. American 

Academy Arts and Scienc s 79 No. 40 254-265. 

dio Propagation Handbook," 1943. 

IRPL and CRPL reports on ionosphere propagation 1942-1951; and 

technical working papers for and at international conferences. 

A number of classified reports on Radar, Communications, Geo* 

physics and Battlefield Surveillance by Technological Sensory 

Devices. 

Editor and contributor S Circular 462 spheric Radio 

Propagation." 

VI - 96 
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STROKE, GEORGE W. PROFESSOR 

EDUCATION 

(Graduated) Ecole Violet, Paris, France, 1941 

B.Sc. College de Perpignan, P.O. France, 1942 

Bacc. 'bs Sc. University of Montpellier, France 

London Matr. University of London (Extension Exam.), 1944 

Ing. Dipl. ESO Ecole Superieure d'Optique, Paris, France, 1949 

Dr. .3 Sc. (summa - cum laude) Sorbonne (University of Paris), Paris, 1960 

EMPLOYMENT 

War-time defense research (British Army), Goldberg Instruments, 

Tel Aviv, Israel, 1943-47 

Consultant, Som Berthiot Optical Company, Paris, France, 1948-50 

Chief Engineer, Boyer Optical Company, Paris, France, 1950-51 

Research Associate, Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute 

of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1952-56 

Graduate Fellow (Sperry Gyroscope, 1954; AC Spark Plug, 1955), 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1954-55 

Consultant, Jarrell-Ash Company, Newtonville, Mass., 1954-59 

Assistant Research Professor of Physics, -Boston University, Boston, 

Massachusetts, 1956-57 

Defense Research Staff, Instrumentation Laboratory, Massachusetts 

Institute of Technology, 1957-58 

Research Staff, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1956-58 

Research Fellow (NATO), University of Paris (Sorbonne) and Institut 

d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee, Paris, France, 1959-60 

Consultant, Jobin et Yvon Company, Arcueil, S. et O. France, 1959-60 

Research Staff and Lecturer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 

1960-63 

Consultant, Jarrell-Ash Company, Newtonville, Mass., 1960-63 

Consultant, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 

1961-63 

Consultant, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk, Conn., 1961-63 

Professor, The University of Michigan, Electrical Engineering Department 

and The Institute of Science and Technology, 1963 

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,DNAL MD HONORARY SOCIETIES (continued) 

Graduate Fellow, Mass, hnology, 4, 1955 

Advanced Research Fellow (NATO Atlantic Treaty Orgaaurizati 

CATI 

Scientific Publications: 

"A Dire ct Evaluation iodic Variations in Diffraction Gratings 

a Phase Contrast Method," J. Opt. Soc. Am., 42 7 1952, A 

"Electronic Location of Interference Fringes," with J. Peters, J. Opt. 

Soc. Am. 45, 30, 1955 

"Int rferometric Control of Grating Ruling with Continuous Carriage 

Advance," with G. R. Harrison, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 45, 112, 1955 

"Interferometric Measurement of Wave-Front Aberrations in Gratings 

and Echelles," J. Opt. Soc. An. 45, 30, 1955 

"A Proposed Method of Measurement of the Velocity of Light in Terms 

of Two Primary Standards Cs133 and Hg 198," with G. R. Harrison, 

J. R. Zacharias, S.J. Mason, and C.L. Searle, Quart. Report., 

Research Lab„ Electronics, Mass. Institute of Technology, 

T.xilary 15, 1956 

:,Mean ;- the Velocity of Light," Quart, Report. Research Lab Electronics, 

Institute of Technology, October 15, 1956 

"Ruling of Diffraction Gratings with Interferomet c Control," • 

with G. R. Haxriss n, N. Sturgis, and S. C. Baker, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 

47, 7 

"Photoelectric ieasurement of Interference Fringe Visibility and Effe 

Length Corrections for Precise Length Measurements in Interferometers 

with Continuously Moving Mirrors," Bull. Research Council Israel, 5C, 

339, 1957, (By invitation) 

"Photoelectric Fringe Signal Informa 

R to rors," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 

y nterferentiels a Miroirs 

Ph `oe " J. Physique Radii-- 

"Tracag de Gr ids Reseaux de Diffraction a l'Aide D'L 

rvi Par Interferometrie Photoelectrique," 

Colloquium of the International Commission 'tot 

Press Ltd. London, 1959, p. 98-118) [By' Invitation 

VI-98 

in Interferometer with 

1957 

Continu 

415, 1959 
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THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN / Ann Arbor 

"Measurement of the Velocity of Light," with J. R. Zacharias, Quart. 

Report. Research Lab. Electronics, Mass Inst of Technology, 

January 15, 1958, and October 15, 1958 

"A High Resolution Dispersion and Intensity Spectrograph," with H. H. 

Stroke, Quart. Report., Research Lab. Electronics, Mass. Institute 

of Technology, October 15, 1958 

"Mesures Interferometriques et Transformations de Fourier Electroniques 

dans L'Evaluation des Images de Diffraction Formees Par Des 

Reseaux Optiques," J. Physique Radium 21, 57S, 1960 

"Interferotry with Electronic Aids," InteWerometry, (Symposium No. 11 

London: Her Majesty's Stationery 751Tice, 19-60, p. 223-224) 

(By Invitation) 

"Electronic Fourier Computing and Interferometry in Diffraction Grating 

Image Evaluation," (Preprint), Paper no. 5, Fifth Congress of the 

International Commission for Optics (on "Modern Systems for the 

Detection and Evaluation of Optical Radiation), Stockholm, Aug. 24-30, 

1959 (By Invitation) 

"Sur L'Origine des Effets de Polarisation ot de Diffraction dans les 

Research Optiques," with A. Marechal, C.r.Ac.Sc.t. 249, 2042-2044, 

1959 

"Etude Theorique et Experimentale de Deux Aspects de la Diffraction de 

la Lumiere par les Reseaux Optiques: Llevolution des defauts dans 

les figures de diffraction et Ilorigine electromagnetique de la repartition entre les ordres," Revue d'Optique, 39, 201-398, 1960; 

These, The Sorbonne (Paris), 1960 (these presentee a la Faculte des 

Sciences de l'Universite de saris, 17 juin 1960, pour obtenir le 

grade de Docteur es Sciences Physiques) 

"Attainment of High Resolution with Diffraction Gratings'and Echelles," 

with G. R. Harrison, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 50, 1153, 1960 

"Measurement of the Velocity of Light," Quart. Report No. 63, Research 

Lab. of Electronics, Mass. Inst. Technology, Oct. 15, 1961, p. 105-112 

"Attainment of High-Resolution Gratings by Ruling Under Interferometric 

Control," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51, 1321, 1961 (By Invitation) 

"Alingment Interferometer for Precision Straightness Measurement and 

Control even of Rapidly Moving Carriages," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51, 

1340, 1961 

VI-99 
Fifth Intcrnaio 

Reseaux-Eche 

...,•rornctry in Di 

Societa Fran caise 

"Ua Nouveau Spedtrora 

et Dispersion Utilisan 

avec un Reseau Concave' 

Due oche Casnllschaft Fur Ana:;ance 

J une 

A r'c:ane Nat icn.i T,,--ab tor ° 

)„,17, 1%: reoreicLdan d x pe zin 

as w rem,szt at Diffraction Grating Ffoianee 

ion a1 du C. N. R, S (Centre NP.tion<J, 

..../1,1••••■••■• • 

• 

ía 

Sept. 

Mouveme:. mu et Dotectan Photoelet.-:: 

ntern at onal Commission for 

um , 1158: ethods 

ro.a 

Colionui um c he 

res e „ ements" 

.s nal Fhvs rn1 Lal)o rat() 

4Jun.:: rt o romet 

Tnto 

ion for Onti-' c on 

<, • 

-'71.7f; ron er 

action Crat Evaluat ion ," 

• ; Annual marseille , 

en Seri - 

, luv 7-10, 195') 

minos ite 

CS e 

it r,, ' Opt i roles ," w ,ha.1 

Optical c.er of America , Annual Meeting , Boston Nano ,Oct 121i, 

TWo -As pect-Oo •67e ffract 1-oil of L5t Dy Diffraction 

Gr 4 1gs" 

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Invited Communications: 

ides 

"Optique Cinematog,raphique Prise de Vues Projection, Ln gis trement du 

Son," La Technique Cingematographique Editor, Paris, 1954 ( By Invitation) 

( Book ) 

VI - 100 
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Articles by Invitation: 

"Les Problems Optiques de la Cinematographie des Moquettes," 

La Tech. Gin, 78, 387, 1948 

"Formation et Vision des Images Optiques," La Tech Cin 03, 263, 1949 

"Objectifs Photographiqucs Modernes," Atones, 47, 45 , 1950 

"Le Cinema en Relief, Son Etat Actual, Ses Possibilities Futures," 

La Tech. Cin. 95, 47, 1950; ibid. 96, 60, 1950 

"Les k.:orons Cinematographiques (Characteristiques Photometriquss des 

Ecrar.s Translucides et Reflechissants," La Tech. Cin. 109, 99, 1951 

"Systeme:: Optiques Prepres a.la Prise de Vues et a le Proje-c-Fron 

Cinematographiques," La Tech. Cin. 112, 199, 1951 

"antique Francaise," La. Tech. Cin, 112, 209, 1951 

"Light'; McGraw-Hill En cyclopedia of Science and Technology, p. 499-507, 

1900 

"Doppler Effect," McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 

n. 264-205, 1960 

"Light," Technical Meport No. 348, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 

Mass. Institute of Technology, Jan. 9, 1959 

"Michelson-Morley Experiment," Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics, 

Pergamon Press ,London, 1962 

"Velocity of Light," American Institute of Physics Handbook, 1001 

"New Departures in the Ruling, Testing and Use of Optical Gratings 

for High-Resolution Spectroscopy," Progress in p 

(Lditor: E. Wolf), Volume II, 1902 

"Diffraction Gratings," Handbuch der Physik, (Editor: S. Flugga), 

Volume on "Optical Instruments, 

VI - 101 
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EXPL:RILNCE 

Dr. Stroke has an outstanding and unique combination of experimental 

and theoretical competence in physical and geometric optics, and expertness 

in quantum electronics. His varied experience includes instruction and 

research in fast-opening fields of optical processing of control system, 

research and communication-system data. His work has involved the exploitation of the new "laser" instrumentation technique, using quantum electronic 

principles for generating in the visible spectrum radiation having the signal 

coherence of radio and radar waves. 

Dr. Stroke was employed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 

1952 to 1963, with two interruptions--one for an appointment at Boston 

University, and one at the Sorbonne. His work at MIT specifically included; 

l. research on the interferometric control of the MIT grating 

ruling engine, grating-image evaluation, interferometry. 

2, advanced studies in mathematics, electronics, servo-control 

instrumentation 

3. design and building of an apparatus for a new measurement of 

the velocity of light in terns of primary constants 

4. doctoral thesis research on the effects of grating-errors on 

spectroscopic image-formation. (Additional doctoral thesis 

research on the two aspects of the diffraction of light by 

diffraction gratings was done while Dr. Stroke was at the 

Sorbonne. 

research on extending interferometric control to the ruling 

of 18-inch gratings, improvements of 10-inch ruling-engine 

At Boston University, Dr. Stroke was involved in teaching courses in 

general physics. 

PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Membre titulaire, Societe Francaise de Physique 

Fellow, Optical Society of America 

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TEM, RICHARD GLENN Instructor 

Education: Bowling Green State Univ. (Ohio): B.S„ 1952. Ohio State 

Univ.: M.S., 1956. Harvard Univ.: Ph.D., 1962. 

Positions Held: Academic 

Harvard Univ.: Teaching Assistant, 1956-58; Univ. of Mich.: 

Instructor, 1960-. 

Publications: Articles--8 (5 with coauthors) on cepheid variability and 

stellar spectra. 

Professional and Honorary Societies: American Astronomical Society, 

Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Sigma Xi, Sigma Pi Sigma. 

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Mental Health Research Institute 

LEONARD MERRICK UHR RESEARCH PSYCHOLOGIST 

EDUCATION: 

1944-1949 

1949-1950 

1950-1951 

1951-1957 

Princeton University: majored in Psychology, B.A. with High 

Honors, Feb. 1949, Phi Beta Kappa 

University of Brussels: Fulbright Scholar, in Philosophy and 

French Literature 

Johns Hopkins University: M.A. in Writing, 1951 

University of Michigan: Department of Psychology 

Major areas: Personality and Clinical Psychology 

Minor areas: Social Psychology and Industrial Psychology 

Doctoral dissertation: Personality Changes During Marriage 

,M.A., 1953 

Ph.D., June 1957 

U.S. Army, Private. Radar and radio repairman 

Assistant Psychometrician, University of Michigan 

Elementary School 

Veterans Administration trainee in Clinical Psychology, 

Dearborn, Michigan 

Teaching Fellow, Department of Psychology, The University of 

Michigan 

Year off to write (novel, short stories) 

Research Assistant, Willow Run Research Center, Ypsilanti, 

Michigan 

Research Assistant, The University of Michigan Medical School 

Teaching Fellow, Department of Psychology, The University of 

Michigan 

Research Associate, Mental Health Research Institute, The 

University of Michigan 

POSITIONS: 

1945-1946 

1951-1952 

1952-1953 

1953-1954 

1954-1955 

1955-1956 

1956-1957 

1956-1957 

1957-1959 

VI - 104 
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1959-1960 

1960- 

1960- 

1962- 

1963- 

Associate Research Psychologist, Mental Health Research 

Institute, The University of Michigan 

Research Psychologist, Mental Health Research Institute, The 

University of Michigan. Dynamic modelling of perceptual and 

symbolic processes via computer simulations. Research on 

perception and language learning, behavioral effects of drugs, 

and sensory control. 

Consultant, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. 

Lecturer, Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan 

Consultant, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. 

MEMBERSHIP AND ACTIVITIES: 

American Psychological Association 

Association for Computing Machinery 

Book Review Editor, Behavioral Science 

Reviewer, Computing Reviews 

Psychologist on N.S.F. Advisory Panel on University Computer Facilities 

RESEARCH INTERESTS: 

My chief research interest is in the building (via computer simulations) and 

testing of complex models of cognitive processes. 

TECHNICAL SKILLS: 

Design of experiments 

Programming of electronic computers 

TEACHING INTERESTS: 

Simulation of Complex Models of Psychological Processes 

PUBLICATIONS: 

1. The Michigan project on the prediction of professional competence in 

medicine. J. Med. Educ., 1957, 32, No. 10, Part 2, 187-195. (With E. L. 

Kelly and W. Whitaker) 

2. An anxiety scale for the Strong vocational interest inventory: development, 

cross-validation and subsequent test of validity. J.Applied Psychol., 1958, 

42, 241-46. (With G. Garman) 
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3. An exploratory study of the behavioral effects 

drochloride). Univ. of Mich. Med. Bull., 1958 

Pollard and Miller) 

4. Continued meprobamate and prochlorperazine 

A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat., 1958, 80, 

Marquis and Gerard) 

5. Hamlet's "coold" mother. Notes and Queries, 1958, New series, 5, 189-190 • 

6. Learning under hypnosis: What do we know? What should we know? J. 

Clin. Exper. Hypnosis, 1958, 6, 121-35. 

7. Objectively measured effects of the new psychoactive drugs. MHRI Preprint 17. 

8. Personality changes during marriage. Diss. Abstracts, 1958, 18, 2204. 

9. Personality differences and continued meprobamate and prochlorperazine 

administration. AMA Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat., 1958, 80, 241-46. 

(With E. L. Kelly, J. G. Miller, D. Marquis, R. W. Gerard) 

10. Planning for beauty: Could the psychologist help? J. Amer. Inst. of Planners, 1958, 24, 18-21. 

11. An experimental study of the behavioral effects of carbethoxysyringoyl 

methylreserpate (Singoserp). Toxicology, & Applied Pharmacology, 1959, 

1, 534-544. (With J. G. Miller) 

12. Behavioral effects of chronic administration of psychoactive drugs to anxious patients. Psychopharmacologia, 1959, 1, 160-168. (With Miller and 

Pollard) 

13. Drug effects on positive conditioning in human subjects. (With J. G. Miller 

A. Platz, M. Clay and E. L. Kelly) 

14. Effects of meprobamate on attention under experimentally aroused stress. 

MHRI Preprint 47. (With A. Platz, J. Miller and S. Fox) 

15. Latest methods for the conception and education of intelligent machines. 

Behay. Science, 1959, 4, 248-251. 

16. A general purpose intercorrelation program. Univ. of Mich., 1957, Abstracted in: Behay. Science, 1959, 4, 255. 

17. Machine perception of printed and handwritten forms by means of procedures for assessing and recognizing Gestalts. In: Preprints of 14th Assoc. 

for Computing Machines Meeting, Boston, Sept. 1959. MHRI Preprint 34. 

of Suavitil (benactyzine hy24, 402-27. (With Smith, 

administration and behavior. 

247-52. (With Kelly, Miller, 

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18. Sex as a determinant of driving skills. J. Applied Psychol., 1959, 43, 35. 

19. Some further effects of response context on trait inferences. J. Psychol., 

1959, 48, 79-85. 

20. Time and dosage effects of meprobamate on visual detection. MHRI Preprint 61. (With A. Platz, M. Clay, J. G. Miller, and A. Kristofferson) 

21. A computer model for pattern perception and language translation. Multilith paper. 

22. A pilot experiment on the effects of meprobamate and prochlorperazine on 

tests of cognition and perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1960, 11, 

90. (With J. G. Miller) MHRI Preprint 41. 

23. A pilot experiment on the effects of meprobamate on stereoscopic retinal 

rivalry of complementary colors. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1960, 10, 

230. (With Miller) MHRI Preprint 41. 

24. Behavioral toxicity of emylcamate (Striatran). Am. J. Med. Sciences, 1960, 

240, 197-203. (With J. G. Miller) MHRI Preprint 42. 

25. Behavioral toxicity as measured by tests of complex simulated driving and 

vision. In: L. Uhr and J. G. Miller (Eds.), Drugs and Behavior. New York: 

Wiley, 1960. (With J. G. Miller) 

26. Brain models that discover, gather, organize, and use patterned information. APA Paper. (With C. Vossler) 

27. Computers, ditto paper. 

28. Controlled sensory input: a note on the technic of drug evaluation with a 

preliminary report on a comparative study of sernyl, psilocybin, and LSD 

25, Comprehensive Psychiat., 1960, 1, 377-380. (With Pollard, Bakker, 

Feuerfile) 

29. Drugs and Behavior. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1960, Editor (With 

J. G. Miller) 

30. Experimentally determined effects of emylcamate (striatran) on performance, autonomic response, and subjective reactions under stress. Amer. 

J. of the Medical Sciences, 1960, 240, 110/204. (With J. G. Miller) 

31. Intelligence in computers: the psychology of perception in people and in 

machines. Behay. Science, 1960, 5, 177-182. 

32. Objectively measured behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs. In: L. Uhr 

and J. G. Miller (Eds.), Drugs and Behavior. New York: John Wiley & 

Sons, 1960. 

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33. Prologue. In: L. Uhr and J. G. Miller (Eds.), Drugs and Behavior, New 

York: John Wiley & Sons, 1960. (With J. G. Miller 

34. A computer simulation of pattern perception and concept formation. 

Proceedings of the 1961 Bionics Symposium. (C. Vossler and L. Ulu-) 

35. A pattern recognition program that generates, evaluates, and adjusts its 

own operators. Proc. of the Western Joint_ComputerCopference, May 

1961. (With C. Vossler) 

36. An experimental study of the behavioral effects of isothipendyl hydrochloride (Theruhistin). Acta Allergologica, 1961, 16, 141-150. MHRI 

Preprint 19. With J. G. Mille 

37. A possibly misleading conclusion as to the inferiority of one method for 

pattern recognition to a second method to which it is guaranteed to be 

superior. IRE Trans. Electronic Computers, 1961, EC-10, 96-97. 

38. Computer simulations of a model for form perception. SP-472, System 

Development Corp., 15, 1961. (With C. Vossler) 

39. Effects of meprobamate and of prochlorpera,zine on positive and negative 

conditioning. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 1961, 63, 546-551. MHRI Preprint 50+(With M. Clay, A. Platz, J. G. Miller, and E. L. Kelly) 

40. Recognition of speech by a computer program that was written to simulate a Model for human visual pattern recognition. J. acoustical soc. of 

Amer., 1961, 33, 1426. (With C. Vossler) 

41. Replication Report: Three pattern recognition experiments with a computer simulation of a model for form perception as subject. MHRI Preprint 64, (With C. Vossler) 

42. Suggestions for a general purpose adaptive computer model of brain 

functions. Behay. Science, 1961, 5, 91-97. (With C. Vossler) 

43. Suggestions for self-adapting computer models of brain functions. Behay. 

Science, 1961, 6, 91-97. 

44, A computer simulation of pattern perception and concept formation. In: 

E. E. Bernard & M. R. Kare (Eds:), Biological Prototypes and Synthetic 

Systems. New York: Plenum, 1962, 233-243. (C. Vossler and L. Uhr) 

45. .Effects of psycH., ..Dininietic drugs on subjects in a controlled sensory 

enyironinent. P: c. of the First International Pharmacological Meeting. 

August 1961, New York: Pergamon, 1962. (With J. C. Pollard) 

46. Hamlet's Gertrude: The Show of "seerne." The kespeare Quarterly. 

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47. Pattern recognition over distortions by human subjects and by a computer 

simulation of a model for human form perception. J. of Exp. Psychol., • 

1962, 63, 227-234. MHRI Preprint 64. (With C. Vossler and J. Uleman) 

48. Time and dosage effects of meprobamate on simple behavioral tasks. 

J. Gen. Psychol., 1963, 68, 317-323. (With A. Platz and J. G. Miller) 

49. A pattern recognition program that generates, evaluates, and adjusts its 

own operators. In: E. Feigenbaum and J. Feldman (Eds.), Computers 

and Thought. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963, 251-268. (With C. Vossler) 

50. Pattern recognition computers as models for form perception. Psychol. 

Bull., 1963, 60, 40-73. MHRI Preprint 60. 

51. The development of perception and language. In: S. Tomkins and S. Messick 

(Eds.), Simulation of Personality Processes. New York: Wiley, 1963, 

231-266. 

52. The search to recognize. In: George L. Fischer, Jr. et al (Eds.), Optical 

Character Recognition. Washington, D. C.: Spartan Books, 1962, 319-329. 

ONR-NBS Symposium on Character Recognition. (With C. Vossler) 

53. Studies in sensory deprivation. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., May 1963, 8, 435-454. 

(J. C. Pollard, L. Uhr, and C. W. Jackson, Jr.) 

54. A "fact Organizer" for pattern recognition and language manipulation. 

MHRI Preprint 114, 1963. Paper read at ACM Conference, Denver, 1963. 

(J. P. Benkard and L. Uhr) 

55. Computer simulations of a perceptual learning model for sensory pattern 

recognition, concept formation, and symbol transformation. Proceedings 

of the IFIP Congress, 62. Amsterdam; North Holland Publishing Co., 1963, 

413-418. Congress held in Munich, August 1962. Preprint 82. (C. Vossler 

and L. Uhr) 

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WILLIAM R. UTTAL 

EDUCATION: 

1951 B.S. University of Cincinnati: Major in Physics 

1957 PhD The Ohio State University: Experimental Psychology and 

Biophysics 

EXPERIENCE: 

1. United States Air Force - January 1951 to October 1953 

a. Following completion of basic training subsequent to enlistment, W.R.U. 

was assigned to the electrical engineering department of the USAF Institute 

of Technology at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. His assignment was to set 

up an analog computational facility. During the next fifteen months the laboratory was expanded from the original model computer to include a Reeves 

REAC and a Philbrick System. W.R.U.'s responsibilities included the maintenance,use and instruction in the use of the systems as well as teaching 

electronics and calculus. In June of 1952 he was directly commissioned as 

a 2nd Lt. and following a short officer's training school assigned to the Air 

Force electronics school at Keesler AFB, Miss. for Radar systems training. 

b. Upon completion of the Radar training he was assigned as chief of the 

Radar section of an early warning site in Japan. In addition to this technical 

responsibility he also served as executive officer and finally acting site 

commander before being returned to the United States for discharge. 

2. North American Aviation - October 1953 to January 1954 

Before returning to graduate school W.R.U. had the opportunity to learn 

programming for one of the early IBM 701 digital computer installations. 

3. The Ohio State University - January 1954 to April 1957 

W.R.U. resumed his formal education initially in the physics department 

of the O.S.U. but shortly transferred to the psychology department to more 

directly pursue his interests in the behavioral and physiological sciences. 

While in the physics department he held a teaching assistantship in the electricity and magnetism laboratory and later in the psychology department 

held various teaching and research assistantships and fellowships. During 

this period he carried out a research program which was to be submitted 

as his doctoral dissertation and which was entitled: Cutaneous Sensitivity 

to Electrical Pulse Stimuli. 

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4. IBM Research Center - April 1957 to June 1963 

Upon graduation from O.S.U., W.R.U. joined the newly formed IBM 

Research Center and pursued a program of research applying computers 

to basic scientific problems in the behavioral and biological sciences. 

The attached bibliography details the specific results of this research 

which included problems selected from the following fields: 

a. The neural coding of subjective sensory magnitudes in the human 

somesthetic system. 

b. Spatial interaction in somesthetic stimulation. 

c. Relationships between psychophysical measures and the human 

evoked brain potential. 

d. Sensory communication and coding in the caudal photoreceptor of 

the crayfish. 

e. The use of computers as automated teaching devices. 

f. Digital computer simulation of the Limulus eye. 

Each of these studies involved, considerable use of automated data 

processing equipment and W.R.U. had the opportunity to add to his experience with the engineering techniques necessary for the development 

of input-output devices to be connected to digital computers. In 1962 he 

received a patent award for five filed dockets, three of which were systems 

involving man-machine interaction through special terminal equipment 

directly connected a digital computer. 

At IBM W.R.U. was manager of the Behavioral Sciences group and 

supervised the activities of an interdisciplinary operation including 18 

psychologists, biologists, computer programmers and engineering personnel. A 1410 computer system, under his supervision, was multiprogrammed to operate a multiplexed group of special terminal equipment 

for various psychological and physiological experiments. W.R.U. designed 

a fully buffered multiplexer to allow the system to be used for many similltaneous experiments. 

5. The University of Michigan, Mental Health Research Institute - July 1963 to 

In July of 1963, W.R.U. joined the faculty of The University of Michigan 

where he holds a joint appointment as Associate Professor of Psychology 

and Research Psychologist. DurirAg the coming years he will be teaching 

Sensory Psychology and Computer Applications in the Behavioral Sciences. 

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BIBLIOGRAPHY: 

1. Uttal, W. R., Dickinson, C. A., Horn, C., Bernard, F. H., Selfridge, L. P., 

Cook, L., and Phillips, M. L., "A Modular, Fully Buffered Multiplever 

System for Real Time Man-Machine Applications IBM Research Report 

RC-885, December 1962, 

2. Uttal, W. R., "My Teacher Has Three Arms," IBM Research Report, RC-788. 

3. Uttal, W. R., Charap, Marilyn, and Maher, Anna, "The Computer Tutoring of 

Stenotype: A Preliminary Report," IBM Research Report RC-663, April 1962. 

4. Uttal, W. R., and K.asprzak, Hedwig, "The Caudal Photoreceptor of the Crayfish: A Quantitative Study of Responser to Intensity, Temporal and Wavelength Variables," IBM Research Report RC-620, published in the American 

Federation of Information Processing Societies Proceedings 1962. 

5. Uttal, W. R., "On Conversational Interactions," IBM Research Report, RC-532. 

Also in Programmed Learning and Computer Based Instruction, J. Coulson, Ed. 

6. Uttal, W. R., and Cook, L., "Systematics of the Evoked Somatosensory Cortical 

Potential," IBM Journal of Research and Development, April 1962. (Also to 

be published in Proceedings of New York .i\enuerny of Sciences.) 

7. Uttal, W. R., and Roland, P. A., "A Terminal Device for Entry of Neuroelectric Data into an Electronic Data Processing Machine," EEG & Clin. 

Neurophysiol., 13, 11. 637-640, 1961. 

Uttal, W. R., "Computer Studies of Neurophysiological Phenomena in Man and 

Clayfish," Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IBM Medical Symposium, Endicott, 

New York, September 26-30, 1960. 

9. Uttal, W. A., "Neural Responses to Long Duration Electrical Pulse Stimuli 

in the Sothesthetic System of Man," IBM Information Research Report IR00195, October 25, 1958. 

10. Uttal, W. R., "Use of Summary Card Punch as Simultaneous Stimulus Generator and Data Collector," Amer. J. Psychol., 75, March 1962. 

11. Uttal, W. R., "Computers and SensOry Neurophysiology," Proceedings of 

the National Aeronautics Electronics Conference, NAECON, 39 No. Torrence 

St., Dayton, Ohio, May 1960, pp. 221-226. 

12. Uttal, W. 'R., and Cook, L., "On the Absence of Contralateral Inhibitory Interaction to Electrical Stimuli in the Fingers," IBM Research Report RC-243, 

April 20, 1960. 

13. Uttal, W. R., "The Three Stimulus Problem: A Further Comparison of Neural 

and Psychophysical Responses in the Somesthetic System," J. Comp. and 

Physiol. Psychol., 53, February 1960, pp. 42-46. 

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14. Uttal, W. R., "Inhibitory Interaction of Responses to Electrical Stimuli in 

the Fingers," J. Comp. and Physiol. Psychol., 53, February 1960, pp. 47-51. 

15. Uttal, W. R., "The IBM Biophysical Research System," IBM Research Report 

RC-195, February 9, 1960. 

16. Uttal, W. R., "The Neural Coding of Somesthetic Sensation: A Psychophysical 

Neurophysiological Comparison," IBM Research Report, RC-203, January 5, 

1960, and U.S.A.M.R.L. Symposium on Cutaneous Sensitivity, February 11-13, 

1960, Glen R. Hawkes, Ed. 

17. Uttal, W. It, "A Comparison of Neural and Psychophysical Responses in the 

Somesthetic System," J. Comp. and Physiol. Psychol. 52, No. 4, August, 1959, 

pp. 485-499. 

18. Uttal, W. R., "Cutaneous Sensitivity to Electrical Pulse Stimuli," J. Comp. 

and Physiol. Psychol. 51, No. 5, October 1, 1958, pp. 549-554. 

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B.Sc. 

Ph.D. 

EXPERIENCE: 

veraity of Manchester, 1953 

Astrosx•, University of Manchester, 1958 

class honors in physics 

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NAME: Dennis Walsh 

TITLE: Associate Research Physicist 

DATE OF BIRTH: June 12, 1933 

P ENT RESPONSIBILITIES: 

Full time research on UM/RAO space radio astronomy program. Primarily 

concerned with theoretical and scientific aspects of cosmic noise 

measurement program. 

UCATION: 

Academic: 

Associate Research Physicist, Radio Astron•s, University of Michigan, 

1960 to present 

Research Associate, Radio Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1959-1960 

Research Student, Jodrell Bank, Manchester, England, 1953-1957 

Non-Academic: 

Development Enginee Ltd., Manchester, England, 1957-1959 

SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE: 

As research student at Jodrell Bank, built and operated sensitive, 

highly stable radio astronomy receiver for 92 Mc/s survey, employing 

Ryle and Vonberg switching pricipal; also designed, built and 

operated a phase-switched interferometer at this frequency. Assisted 

in system design of UM/RAO receivers for space cosmic noise measurements. Programmed and operated large analog computer in guided weapon 

program. 

IES ETC,: 

International Astronomical Union member, Commission 1.O 

Sigma Xi 

PUBLICATIONS: 

"A Radio Survey of The Great Loop in Cygnus," with R. Banbury Brown, 

Nature Ms 808, 1955. 

"A Comparison of an Interferometer and Total-Power Survey of Discrete 

Sources of Radio-Frequency Radiation," with C, Hazard, Paris Symposium 

on Radio Astronomy, ed. Bracewell) Lim 1959. 

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"An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Confusion in a 

Survey of Localized Radio Sources," with C. Hazard, M. N. R. A. S., 

1121, 648, 1959. 

"A Survey of the Localized Radio Sources at a Frequency of 92 Mc/s," 

with C. Hazard, Jodrell Bank Annals, 1 (6), 338, 1960. 

PATENTS: 

None 

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NAME: Herschel Wail 

TITLE: Associate Profer:or 

DATE OF BIRTH; July 26, 1921 

PRESENT RESPONSIBILITIES: 

Theoretical work in radio-frequency radiation, generation., 

propagation and reception in plasmas with radio-astronomical 

applications. Teaching Electrical Engineering courses. 

EDUCATION: 

B.S. (Optics), University of Rochester, 1943 

Sc.M. Applied Math.), Brown University 1945 

Ph.D. (Applied Math.), Brown University, 1948 

Graduate work in Physics, Rensselaer Polytech. Inst. 1945-46 

EXPERIENCE: 

Academic: 

Associate Professor, Electrical Enginnering, University of 

M.chan, 2ebruary 1960-preseut, 

Lectur 171(ric:11 Engineering, UnivcrAty of Michigan, 

Lw:r, Mathewatic, Uniwri.;it Lan 195 

Teaching Assistant, Mathematics, Rensser Polytechnic 

Institute, part-time, 1945-46 

Non-Academic: 

Research Engineer, University of Michigan, 1955-60 

Associate Research Engineer, University of Michigan, 1953-55 

Research Associate, University of Michigan, 1952-53 

Engineer (Mathematical Consultant and Project Director), 

General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York, 1948-52 

Research Associate, Brown University, Providence, Rtiode 

island, 1947-48 

Research Assistant, Brown University, 1946-47 

Laboratory Assistant, General Electric Company, summer 1945 

Optical Engineer, Bausch end Lomb Optical Company, Rochester 

New York, 1943-44 

SOCIETIES, ETC.: 

Sigma Xi 

American Mathematical Society 

Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics 

Senior Member, Institute of Radio Engineers 

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SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE: 

Theoretical treatments of problems in: optical design, 

fluid mechanics, gas dynamics, mechanical vibrations and 

stress, electromagnetic theory, radar and computer design, 

radar countermeasures and plasma physics. 

PUBLICATIONS: 

PAPERS: 

"Effects of Pressure Gradient on Stability and Skin Friction 

in Laminar Boundary Layers in Compressible Fluids," J. Aero 

Sci., 18, 311-18, May 1951. 

"Conduction of Current in a Metallic Pipe Filled with a Conducting Liquid," with H. Poritsky, J. Appl, Phys., 22, 1002-

1005, August 1951. 

"On the Extrusion of a Very Viscous Liquid," J. Appl. Mech., 

18, 267-272, September 1951. 

"The Distribution of Radial Error," Ann. Math. Statistics, 

;5, 168-170, March 1954. . 

"Reduction of Runs in Multifactor Computations," J. Assoc. 

Computing Machinery, 2, 99-11C, April 1955. 

"The Influence of Radar Reflection Characteristics of the 

Moon on Specifications for Earth-Moon-Earth Communication 

Systems," with T. B. A. Senior and K. M. Siegel, 10c8 IRE 

Wescon Convention Record, Pt. I, 197-201, August 195b. 

"Forward Scattering by Coated Objects Illuminated by Short 

Wavelength Radar," with It. E. Hiatt and K. M. Siegel, 

Proceedings of the IRE, 48, 9, 1630-1635, September 1960. 

"The Ineffectiveness of Absorbing Coatings on Conducting 

Objects Illuminated by Long Wavelength Radar," with It. E. 

Hiatt and K. M. Siegel, Proceedings of the IRE, 48 1636-

1642, September 1960. 

"Scattering.by a Spherical Satellite," with E. M. Kennaugh 

and S. P. Morgan Proceedirms of the IRE 48 1781, October 

1960. 

"On the Change in Radar Cross-Section of a Spherical Satellite 

Caused by a Plasma Sheath," with C. L. Dolph, Electromagnetic 

Effects of Re-Entry, Pergamon Press, 1961. This book consists 

of selected papers presented to the Plasma Sheath Symposium, 

AFCRC, Boston, Massachusetts, December 1959. Also, J. Planetary 

andSa., June 1961. 

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"A Theoretical Lunar Ionosphere," with Murray L. Barasch, 

Icarus 1, 316-356, January 1963. 

"Flow Field in Hypersonic Re-Entry," April 1963. 

Radiation Resistance of an electric Dipole in a Magneto 

Ionic Medium," with DenC: Walsh, Proc. of 1963 PTGAP 

SvmoosiL nnd PropoRation, July 1963. 

expanded version of t-ie materiAl under the same title is 

e.<pected to appear in the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and -

Propagation.) 

ABSTRACTS: 

. "Electromagnetic Measurements of Fluid Flow in Pipes of 

Elliptical Cross Section," with M. Poritsky, Proc. 1950 

n n onal on rasa of Mathematicians 

"On Non-Linear Combinations of Random Variables," Bull. A 

Math. Soc., March 1952. 

"On the Convergence of the Mie Series for Scattering by 

Spheres," Bulk: Am. Math. Soc., March 1957. 

"Model of the Lunar Ionsophere," with Murray L. Barasch, 

A tronom cal Journal 04 1962. 

UNCLASSIFIED REPORTS: 

"Aerodynamics of the Oscillating Airfoil in Compressible 

Flow," F-TR-1167-ND and F-TR-1195-ND, 1q., AMC, WPAFB (Pt. 

with S. N. Karp, S. S. Shu, 1947; Pt. II with S. N. Karp, 

1948). 

"Studies in Radar Cross Sections X-Scattering of Electromagnetic 

Waves by Spheres," Rept. 2255-20-T, Willow Run Research Center, 

University of Michigan, with M. L. Bernath and T. A. Kaplan, 

104 pp., July 1956. 

"Studies in Radar Cross Sections XXVIII-The Physics of Radio 

Communication via the Moon," with M. L. Barasch, at al., 

Rept. 2673-1-F Radiation Lab, University of Michigan, 86,pp., 

March 1958. 

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"Enhancement of Radar Cross Sections of Warheads and 

Satellites by the Plasma Sheath," with C. L. Dolph, 

Rept. 2778-2-F, Radiation Lab, University of Michigan 

December 1959. 

"Transverse Whistler Propagation," with C. 0. Hines and 

W. C. Hoffman, Rept. 2894-1-F, Radiation Lab, University 

of Michigan, June 1959. 

"Radar Echo from Re-Entry Vehicles," RM-3251-PR The RAND 

Corp., May 1963. ( A condensed version of this report is 

expected to appear in the AIAA Journal under the title 

"Radar Echoes from Ionized Wakes Behind Blunt Bodies.") 

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WILSON, DEAN H. RESEARCH ENGINEER, & HEAD, 

INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH LAB. 

EDUCATION 

BS Physics The University of Michigan, 1048 

EMPLOYMENT 

Student Assistant, The University of Michigan, 1947 

Technician, The University of Michigan, IST, 1947-48 

Research Associate, The University of Michigan, IST, 1948-51 

Lecturer for Industrial Engineering Department, The University 

of Michigan, 1956- 

Lecturer, International Cooperation Administration, t4aseda University, 

Tokyo, summer 1957 

Research Engineer, The University of Michigan, 1951- 

EXPERIENCE 

Design of guided missile control systems. Design of high-speed 

electronic digital information processing systems. System evaluation, 

test and design of experiments for large scale man-machine information 

processing systems. 

PROFESSIONAL AND HONORARY SOCIETIES 

Member, Industrial Mathematics Society 

Member, Institute of Management Sciences 

Member, Operations Research Society of America 

Member, Alpha Pi Mu 

Member, Industrial Engineering Honarary Society 

PUBLICATIONS, 

"Inventory Control - a Hypothetical Case," Introduction to Management 

Sciences, pp. 205-210, The University of Michigan Conference, 

1956 

"Interceptor Ground Control System," A Study of Air Armament Systems, 

pp. 7-12, H.C. Carver, Ed., The University of Michigan (Secret) 

"First Interim Report on CSC-2-AAA - Comparison Test Evaluations," 

2350-1-F, 31 October1955 (Secret) 

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