* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

APR 5 1999

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

SUSAN C. PURDY,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

UNITED AIRLINES, INC., a

Delaware corporation; RICHARD

MARTINO, in his official capacity

and individually,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 97-1471

(D.C. No. 94-S-1068)

(D. Colo.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before BRORBY , EBEL , and LUCERO , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument. 
1 As Ms. Purdy’s friend was born in Mexico and her claim is one of

discrimination based on national origin, we refer to him as Mexican.

-2-

Plaintiff Susan C. Purdy appeals from an order of the district court granting

defendants’ motion for summary judgment. We affirm.

Ms. Purdy brought this action pursuant to Title VII, 42 U.S.C.

§§ 2000e-2000e-17. She alleged employment discrimination due to her sex

(female) and her association with a male friend of Mexican national origin. 1

She claimed that due to these factors, she was subjected to adverse employment

actions which impacted the “terms, conditions, or privileges of [her]

employment.” Id. § 2000e-2(a)(1). She further claimed defendants had retaliated

against her because of her complaints of discrimination. See id. at § 2000e-3(a). 

Ms. Purdy raised three state law claims arising from the same factual situations. 

The district court held that Ms. Purdy had established a prima facie Title

VII case. See McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 (1973)

(setting forth requirements for prima facie Title VII case). The court determined,

however, that Ms. Purdy had not shown that defendants’ stated reasons for their

actions were pretexual, see id. at 804, and granted summary judgment to

defendants. The court declined to exercise jurisdiction over Ms. Purdy’s state law

claims and dismissed them. 
-3-

On appeal, Ms. Purdy argues that the district court erred in granting

summary judgment because material issues of fact are in dispute and she showed

that defendants’ proffered reasons for their actions were pretextual. She also

contends her state law claims should not have been dismissed. Defendants urge

us to find that Ms. Purdy failed to establish a prima facie case and affirm on that

basis. See United States v. Sandoval, 29 F.3d 537, 542 n.6 (10th Cir. 1994)

(appellate court may affirm district court on any grounds for which record is

sufficient to permit conclusions of law, even grounds not relied on by district

court). We decline this invitation.

We review the district court’s ruling on a motion for summary judgment de

novo examining “the record to determine whether any genuine issue of material

fact was in dispute” and if “the substantive law was applied correctly.” McKnight

v. Kimberly Clark Corp. , 149 F.3d 1125, 1128 (10th Cir. 1998) (quotation

omitted). To forestall the entry of summary judgment in employment

discrimination cases analyzed pursuant to the McDonnell Douglas framework, the

plaintiff must refute the employer’s response to the plaintiff’s prima facie case by 

showing that a genuine dispute of material fact is present “as to whether the

employer’s proffered reason for the challenged action is pretextual.” See Randle

v. City of Aurora , 69 F.3d 441, 451 (10th Cir. 1995). Pretext cannot be

established by allegations alone. Rather, the employee must present enough
-4-

evidence to support an inference either that “a discriminatory reason more likely

motivated the employer or . . . that the employer’s proffered explanation is

unworthy of credence.” Texas Dep’t of Community Affairs v. Burdine , 450 U.S.

248, 256 (1981); see also Drake v. City of Fort Collins , 927 F.2d 1156, 1160

(10th Cir. 1991) (in responding to summary judgment motion, “plaintiff must

raise a genuine factual question as to whether defendant[’]s reasons are

pretextual”) .

Ms. Purdy began working for defendant, United Airlines, Inc., in 1984 and

started working in the position of zone controller in 1986, where she was

responsible for coordinating support for aircraft assigned to departure and arrival

gates to ensure timely departures. Defendant Richard Martino was one of her

shift managers and also was acting manager for the Station Control Center when

the regular manager was absent.

In her complaint, Ms. Purdy alleged that prior to 1991, she had received

“effective” ratings on her performance reviews. She contended that after

Mr. Martino learned that she was dating a Mexican, her performance reviews

declined to a “needs improvement” rating. She also contended that Mr. Martino

treated her differently from other similarly situated employees.

The evidence shows that Ms. Purdy received two letters of complaint from

a captain and from a ramp supervisor. Further, certain manual revisions were
-5-

missing although Ms. Purdy had signed off as having completed them. The

revisions were later found in her mail box in the original shrink wrap. Ms. Purdy

responded that other employees must have removed the revisions from the

manuals for use in their job and then returned them to her mail box instead of

replacing them in the manuals. Due to these issues and others, Ms. Purdy’s

performance rating declined, and she was placed on probation.

Having reviewed the record and the parties’ briefs on appeal, we agree that

Ms. Purdy has failed to show that defendants’ actions were pretextual. The

reasons set forth by defendant are credible and Ms. Purdy has not shown that

discrimination more than likely was the reason for defendants’ actions.

The judgment of the United States District Court for the District of

Colorado is AFFIRMED for substantially the reasons stated in its order of

November 21, 1997. Defendants’ motion to strike portions of appellant’s

appendix is GRANTED. See Aero-Medical, Inc. v. United States, 23 F.3d 328, 
-6-

329 n.2 (10th Cir. 1994).

Entered for the Court

Wade Brorby

Circuit Judge