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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 

WASHINGTON 20330 

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY 

11 February 1969 

MEMORANDUM FOR I. NEVIN PALLEY 

SUBJECT: Briefing on MOL and VHR Issues Given to DepSecDef 

on 8 February 1969 

Per instructions from you and General Stewart, immediately 

after the briefing on Saturday, 8 February 1969, I have prepared hard copies of the vu-graphs that you, Dr. Foster and 

General Stewart used to give the briefing. In addition, I have 

prepared a Memorandum for Record which records information pertinent to the briefing. Attached to this Memorandum for Record 

is a complete list of the vu-graphs used, including those used 

by Mr. Hughes. As of this date, we have been unable to obtain 

hard copies of the DIA vu-graphs. 

In accordance with the above, you will find attached the 

Memorandum for Record and one set of hard copies of the vu-graphs 

available at this time. At such time as the DIA graphics become 

available, I shall provide them to you. 

A third copy of the vu-graph hard copies has been entered 

into the Ad Hoc Group file. No other copies have been made. 

R CHARD H. SCAMP LL 

Lt Col, USAF 

MOL Program Office 

Atchs: 

a/s 

At/ 

CORONA/GAMBIT/DORIAN/HEXAGON 

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11 February 1969 

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD 

SUBJECT: Briefing to Mr. Packard, Deputy Secretary of Defense, 

on MOL and Very High Resolution Imagery Issues 

A briefing on the MOL Program and the current issues relating to 

the value of very high resolution photography was presented to Mr. Packard 

on Saturday, 8 February 1969, starting at 10:00 A.M. The briefing, given 

in the $ecDef Dining Room (3E..928), lasted for approximately two hours. 

The following people were present during the briefing: 

Mr. Packard 

Dr. Brown 

Dr. Foster 

Mr. Moot 

Dr. Selin 

Lt Gen Carroll 

Dr. Flax 

Mr. Weiser 

Mr. Palley 

Maj Gen Stewart 

Mr. J. Hughes 

Col E. Wynn 

Col A. Wood 

Col R. Furlong 

Lt Col R. Campbell 

Mr. S. Bacher 

SSgt Robertson 

Deputy Secretary of Defense 

Secretary of the Air Force 

DDR&E 

ASD (Comptroller) 

Acting ASD (SA) 

Dir, DIA 

ASAP' (R&D) DNRO 

Acting Dep DDR&E (Strat & Space) 

Asst DDR&E (Space) 

Vice Director, MM., 

DIA, Special Activities 

DIAST 

OASD (SA) 

Dep Sec Def Military Asst 

MOL Program Office 

DIAXX 

MOL Program Office 

The briefing was given according to the outline shown below. A list 

of the viewgraphs used by the briefers is attached. 

I. INTRODUCTION Dr. Foster 10 Min 

A. Security, subject matter, 

history, MOL objectives, 

issues, introductions 

45 Min 

2MI2 

30 Min 

II. MOL PROGRAM, OPTIONS, AND STATUS Gen Stewart 

III. INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS OF 

VERY HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGERY 

A. DIA Statement Gen Carroll 

B. DIA Presentation Mr. Hughes 

DORIAN/RURF/UMBRA 

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IV. DNRO STA1TNENT Dr. Flax 

V. QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION 

During Dr. Foster's introduction of the briefing, there was a short 

discussion on the relationship of MOL to the NASA/Apollo and Apollo 

Applications Program. The essence of this discussion was to summarize 

for Mr. Packard some of the previous attention given to coordination and 

possible integration of MOL Apollo, and AAP. Study results on use of Saturn 

and Titan boosters by both NASA and DOD were also noted. Mr. Packard's 

interest in this area appeared to focus on the rationale used to explain 

why there are two separate programs (MOL and AAP) with seemingly common 

objectives. 

Mr. Packard appeared to pay particular attention to the viewgraphs 

used by General Stewart to show the various options associated with 

achieving a very high resolution imagery capability. During the presentation of this material he made a number of notes which were probably cost 

figures for the various options. 

The DIA portion of the briefing, given to Mr. Hughes (on the value of 

very high resolution photography to the production of intelligence), was 

interrupted by discussion of the value to DOD of better intelligence on the 

SA-3 Low-Altitude SAM system. Mr. Packard asked the group what DOD might 

have done with respect, to the SA-3 system back in the early 1960s had we 

possessed a very high resolution capability at that time. Dr. Brown and 

Dr. Foster discussed this point with Mr. Packard in the vein that decisions 

probably would have been made then that would have resulted in more spending 

at the time, with possible cost savings in the years that followed. 

There was considerable discussion of current and future DOD reactions 

to the SA-5 defensive missile system. General Carroll pointed out that 

while the SA-5 is probably a system to defend against aerodynamic threats 

there still remains a possibility that it has sane ABM role. Dr. Foster 

then remarked that on the basis of this assessment DDR&E must still hedge 

it's penetration programs in the event that the SA-5 can be used as an ABM 

system. Dr. Brown reviewed some of the penetration aids decisions that have 

been made with respect to our knowledge of Soviet ABM efforts and the SA-5 

system. 

Both Dr. Flax and Gen Carroll made brief statements concerning their 

views on MOL and very high resolution. Can Carroll noted that his concurrence with the MOL DCP was restricted to the need for a VHR imagery 

capability, and that he did not address the various alternatives for 

obtaining such a capability. 

DORIAN/RUFF/UMBRA 

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Dr. Foster summarized the briefing by pointing out that the DCP 

fairly considered the various options, and that no new information has been 

made available that would warrant a revision of the DCP at this time. 

Mr. Packard concluded the session by thanking the group and noting that 

he would contact those individuals with whom he might wish to further 

discuss the MOL Program. 

Information subsequently received from Mr. Palley (Monday, 10 February 

1969) concerning reactions to the briefing, indicates that it achieved its 

purpose and that the best possible case was made for the MOL Program. 

Mr. Palley indicated that Dr. Foster appears to be confident that the MOL 

Program is in good shape (with respect to Program survival). 

RICHARD H. C 

Lt Colonel, USAF 

MOL Program Office 

1 Attachment 

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Vu-Graph Sequence 

MOL/VHR Briefing to DepSecDef, 8 February 

V-G SUBJECT 

I. INTRODUCTION (Dr. Foster) 

1 Title Chart, "The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL)...And...Very 

High Resolution (VHR) Imagery Issues." 

2 Security Levels 

3 Background, 1965-66-67 

4 Background, 1968-69 

5 Principal MOL Objective (w/MOL Sketch) 

6 Issues (w/Bar Target and Resolution Photo of U.S. Launch Stand) 

II. MOL PROGRAM, OPTIONS, AND STATUS (General Stewart) 

1 Title - MOL Laboratory Program (A-1) 

2 MOL Program Objectives (D-1) 

3 Baseline MOL Manned Mode (F-1) 

4 Baseline MOL Unmanned Mode (F-2) 

5 MOL Camera System (F-3) 

6 Camera Field of View (F-4) 

7 Why Manned and Unmanned Systems (G-1) 

8 Man in MOL - Capabilities (G-2) 

9 Mission Enhancement by Man (G-3) 

10 Acquisition and Tracking Scope Concept (G-4) 

11 Moscow Sheremetyevo Airfield at 15 X Magnification through ATS (G-20) 

12 Moscow Sheremetyevo Airfield at 127 X Magnification through ATS (G-21) 

13 Kozelsk ICBM Complex with MOL Ground Track (G-7) 

14 Kozelsk ICBM Site, Inactive (G-8) 

15 Kozelsk ICBM Site, Active (with mission loading operation) (G-9) 

16 Cloud Avoidance via ATS - Moscow Area with DORIAN Optics Fields of 

View and ATS 15 X Fields of View (G-10) 

17 (C-1) 

18 MOL Capability (0-2) 

19 Contractor Team (I-1) 

20 MOL Recovery (J-5) 

21 Zero G Crew Transfer Mock-up (J-6) 

22 Crew Transfer Tunnel Egress (J-16) 

23 Re-entry Module Structural Test Article (J-13) 

24 Dual Gas System Test Vehicle (J-12) 

25 H-53 Helicopter refueling and spacecraft stability test (J-15) 

26 MOL Major Assembly Breakdown (K-5) 

27 Structural Test Section (Unpressurized) (K-6) 

28 Pressure shell structure and small portion of the unpressurized section 

structure being prepared for static test (K-7) 

DORIAN/RUFF/UMBRA 

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29 Forward Section Mission Module (K-8) 

30 C-133 Loading Forward Section Mission Module (K-9) 

31 Aft Section of Mission Module being Assembled in Assembly Jig (K-10) 

32 Beryllium Trypod for 113 Dynamic Test Vehicle (L-5) 

33 Beryllium T-Bar for 113 Dynamic Test Vehicle (L-6) 

34 103 Engineering Development Vehicle Mission Module Forward Section (L-8) 

35 Elemental Development Simulator (L-12) 

36 Flight Crew Camera Control Console (L-13) 

37 Assembly Area - Building 101 (M-3) 

38 EM-COA- Building 101 (M-5) 

39 Thermal Model - Ross Corrector - Building 101 (M-6) 

40 72" Lightweight ULE, Mirror on Draper, Heavy Duty Polishing Machine (M-11) 

41 Schematics - Buildings 101 and 102 (M-21) 

42 Vacuum Test Chamber at EK - Chamber Ig (M-14) 

43 UTC Solid Motor Cases (N-2) 

44 SL-6 VAFB (Artist's Concept) (P-1) 

45 Launch Complex Looking West - 27 Nov 68 (P-2) 

46 Control and Recovery (P-3) 

47 MOL Program Schedule (Q-1) 

48 MOL Program Costs (Phase II) Program Status (R-1) 

49 System Performance Comparison (E-9) 

50 VHR Options 

51 Option 1 - Present MOL Program - Arguments for and Against 

52 Option 1 - Present MOL Program - Funding/Schedule/Cost Options 

53 Option 2 - Manned Only MOL Program - Arguments for and Against 

54 Option 2 - Manned Only MOL Program - Funding/Schedule/Cost Options 

55 Option 3 - Unmanned VHR Program - Arguments for and Against 

56 Option 3 - Unmanned VHR Program - Approach - Funding/Schedule/Cost ROM's 

57 Option 4 - Camera System Only - Arguments/Costs 

58 Option 5 - Terminate all VHR 

59 Option 6 - Reduced VHR Goals 

60 MOL DCP - Dec 1968 

III. INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS OF VERY HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGERY (Mr. Hughes) 

1 Title Chart, "The Value of and Need for Very High Resolution 

Photography." 

2 Resolution Definition 

3 Use of VHR, "Very High Resolution Photography, in the Analysis of 

Foreign Weapon Systems, Permits the:" 

4 Confidence and Timeliness Definitions. 

5 Title Chart, "Information Derived from Photography of the SA-3 System." 

6 SA-3 Site and Missile, Kapustin Yar MTR, USSR, U-2 Mission 8005, 

6 Dec 59, Approx 2-3 ft. res. 

7 Drawing of SA-3 Missile from U-2 Mission 8005, Kapustin Yar, 6 Dec 59. 

DORIAN/RUFF/UMBRA. 

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8 SA-3 Site, Pruzhany MRBM Complex, USSR, KH-4 Mission 9054, 13 Jun 63, 

Approx 10 Ft. Res. 

9 SA-3 Missile, Set Navolok. USSR 

10 SA-3 Missile? with drawing 

from photo). 

11 Comparison of drawings as derived from 1959 U-2 photo 

12 Quotes from 1964 and 1965 NIE's on SA-3. 

13 SA-3 Deployment. 1961-64 (Map). 

14 SA-3 Radar, USSR 

15 Low Blow (SA-3) Radar. Air Corridor Photo, 

April 1968, Approx 

16 SA-3 Radar Drawings as derived from 1963 

1968 Air Corridor photo photo). 

17 Quote from 1968 NIE on SA-3. 

18 SA-3 Performance Boundaries (Graph). 

19 Title Chart, "Value of VHR in Analyses of Other Weapon Systems," and 

"Other Applications." 

21 VLAD-A (E-266), Vladimirovka Airfield, USSR, 

20 E-266 Capabilities 

KH-7 Mission 4031, 21 Aug 66. 

22 YID Drawing of VLAD-A, 26 A pr 67, from KH-7 Photography. 

23 VLAD-A Capabilities from Imagery 

24 FOXBAT Aircraft, 1967. 

25 Current FOXBAT Capabilities compared with earlier Imagery 

estimates. 

26 Y-Class Submarine. Severodvinsk. USSR. KH-7 Mission 4032. 22 Sep 66. 

27 

28 KH-8 Mission 4316, 

USSR, KH-8 Mission 4316, 19 Sep 68. 

KH-7 Mission 4027, 20 Apr 66. 

sion 4316, 16 Sep 68. 

MOSKVA, Mediterranean Exercise, Aircraft Photo, 1968 

GANEF SA-4 System 

USSR, KH-8 

Mission 4308. 24 Sep 67. 

KH-8 Mission 4308, 25 Sep 67. 

KH-8 Mission 4308, 23 Sep 67. 

HALF BACK Radar (SA-4), Pritzwalk Air Warning Site, East Germany, 

mia a inn my chA/AR la4A, 

KH-8 Mission 4317, 12 Nov 68. 

Title Chart, "Signature Analysis." 

MRBM Launch Site 2, Sagua La Grande, Cuba, Aircraft Photo, 23 Oct 62. 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

19 Sep b8. 

MOSKVA Under Construction, Nikolayer, USSR, 

KH-8 Mis 

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SUBJECT 

Missile Equipment, Mariel Port Facility, Cuba, Aircraft Photo, 4 Nov 62. 

Drawing of Typical SS-4 Battalion Launch Site 

Title Chart. "Assessment of ilhidentified Installations." 

China, KH-8 Mission 4315, 8 Aug 68. 

V-G 

40 

41 

42 

43 

1414. 

China, KH-8 Mission 4310. 

45 "VHR System in Arms Limitation Situation." 

46 MRBM Field Launch Site, San Cristobal Cuba, 14 Oct 62, U-2 Photo. 

47 MRBM Launch Site 1, San Cristobal, Cuba, 23 Oct 62, Low-Altitude 

Aircraft Photo. 

48 MRBM Launch Site 2, San Cristobal, Cuba, 1 Nov 62, Low-Altitude Aircraft 

Photo. 

49 IRBM Sites Being Dismantled, Remedios, Cuba, 9 Nov 62, Low-Altitude 

Aircraft Photo. 

50 Ship Loading Missile Equipment, Casilda Port, Cuba, 6 Nov 62, LowAltitude Aircraft Photo. 

51 Ship Loading Missile Equipment, Casilda Port, Cuba, 7 Nov 62, LowAltitude Aircraft Photo. 

52 Importance of military intelligence (for military planning and force 

structure development, and to assist in development of strategy and 

tactics). 

53 Conclusion of (Ad Hoc) studies (that VHR imagery would make a very 

substantial contribution to the timeliness, adequacy, and confidence 

levels of S&T assessments on foreign weapon systems and equipment). 

IV. DNRO STATEMENT (Dr. Flax) 

(No Vu-Graphs used) 

V. 1AE DDR&E AD HOC GROUP STUDY (Mr. Palley) 

1 Title Chart, "The Need for Very High Resolution Imagery and Its 

Contribution to DOD Operations and Decisions." 

2 Ad Hoc Group Charter 

3 (Ad Hoc Group) Methodology 

4 Missile Penetration History 

5 Soviet SA-5 System Performance 

6 Defense Information Needs to Use Penetration Aids 

7 Missile Penetration Information 

8 (Ad Hoc Group) Conclusions 

9 Soviet aRTWON MigAilp 

10 Moscow ICH-8 Mission 4306, 25 Jun 67. 

11 Confidence in Performance Estimates 

12 Gain in Reaction Time 

13 

14 Resultant Actions (from Ad Hoc Group Study). 

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THE MANNED ORBITING LABORATORY. 

PROGRAM (MOW 

AND 

'NEW HIGH RESOLUTION MIK IMAGERY ISSUES 

BYEMAN/TALENT-KEYHOLE/COMINT. 

DORIAN/GAMBIT/HEXAGON 

CHESS/RUFF /ZARF/UMBRA 

0R-75-48Je:i6jE— y 

• 
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ITY 'ELS 

.• . 

• =ZZENSOMEarkaaatigENMIEENCIEMEMEMEINKII*VWIECtil 

THIS BRIEFING IS CLASSIFIED 

TOP SECRET 

AND INCLUDES INFORMATION CONTROLLED 

JOINTLY UNDER THE FOLLOWING 

SECURITY CONTROL SYSTEMS: 

BYEMAN TALENT-KEYHOLE COMINT 

CHESS UMBRA 

RUFF 

ZARF_ 

CORONA GAMBIT 

DORIAN HEXAGON 
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ncrl ro nd 

1965 

* Sec AF "Program can be justified... - 

* Sec Def "A vital national need.."- 

* DCI "Is in the interest of the US... weighed 

against cost, time, and importance..." 

* PSAC "Very great value.", 

* Presiden Approved program.. 

1966. 

*Sec Def Reaffirmed baseline progra-m. 

1967: 

* Sec Def Reaffirmed need 
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Cac iground 

1968 

* DU/Sec State 'Is MOL worth the cost?" 

* DCI Not for "national intelligence..." 

Perhaps for "military programs..." 

* DDR&E' Ad Hoc Group study 

* DDR&E DCP prepared. 

*Dep Sec D f Approved MOL DCP 

1969 

* DIA Collecting HR requirements for 

presentation to USIB. 

* OASD(SA) Recommends review'and revision' 

of MOL Program7, 
N R 0 EQ 

RELS 1 JULY 201 

4.:10 

JECTIVE: 

To acquire or-better' ground resolution 

photography of signifiCant_ targets Jndenied areas for -, 

technical intelligence on strategic, and tactical weapon 

tystamS, 

--DORIAUNIF , 

- • '•:..ilYttAkK/1.ALEOrKEIHOLE, 
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ISSUE: 

• I1Is a. Very High Resolution 

imagery capability 

worth its development cost? 

continuation of the1 

approved MOL Program the 

most cost/effective, way 

I acquire the capability? 

13. Is the need urgent enough, . 

to require the planned 

'A annual fundin 
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M L Program Objectives 

:=1111111MIUM.. 

CLOSELY HELD: 

• RESOLUTION 

RECCE PHOTOGRAPHY WITH 

MANNED & UNMANNED SYSTEMS:... 

EXTENT OF MAN'S AGILITY TO 

PERFORM MILITARY TASKS IN 

SPACE.. 

SPACE FACILITY FOR OTHER 

POTENTIAL MILITARY APPLICATIONS 

WHEN FEASIBLE & DESIRABLE. 

TOP SECRET 

BYEMAN/ DORIAN 

PUBLICLY STATED: 

NEW KFALEDGE OF MAN'S 

PERFORMANCE IN SPACE ON I. 

DEFENSE RELATED TASKS. 

DEVELOP TECHNOLOGY & 

EQUIPEENT TO ADVANCE MANNED 

& UNMANNED SPACEFLIGHT.. 

PERFORM NEW & REVEALING 

EXPERIMENTS WITH THAT 

-TECHNOLOGY & EQUIPMENT... 

11 
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t ii 
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!VIOL CA EREZ SYSTEE7 

* Frame Camera 

Telephoto 

* 6 Foot Diameter Mirrors 

* 1.08°(1.5 nm) Field of View 

* 91/2 inch Film 

Ground Resolution 

0 0 0 
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Why Manned & Unmanned Systems? 

ENRO APP 

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* MANNED SYSTEM FIRST TO: 

• ASSURE CAMERA PERFORMANCE... 

® REALIZE EARLY USEFUL PRODUCT... 

O MATURE UNMANNED SYSTEM SOONER... 

ALSO UNMANNED SYSTEM IF: 

• THREAT/OBJECTIONS TO MANNED OPERATIONS... 

* UNKNOWN PHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS... 

C MANNED SYSTEM NOT COST-COMPETITIVE..; 

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MAN IN 

2 

P• 

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; RELEA y 

O VERIFY, ADJUST, OR MANUALLY CONTROL 

CAMERA: 

* POINTING... 

* TRACKING... 

ALIGNMENT... 

* FOCUS... 

* EXPOSURE... 

• LACK-UP OTHER SPACECRAFT SUBSYSTEMS... 

O ASSIST DIAGNOSTICS PROCESS... 

INCREASE RECONNAISSANCE VALUE/QUANTITY... 

BYEMAN/TALENT-KEYHOLE 
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Mission Enhancement y Elan 

24117111101MBIN ISIEVarUSS IIIMINEE ,NE=C 

O TARGET COVERAGE VERIFICATION... 

O CLOUD-FREE TARGET SELECTION... 

O HIGH VALUE TARGET SELECTION... 

0 ALTERNATE FILM CAPABILITY... 

O ON-BOARD 111 ERPRETATION... 

O VISUAL RECONNAISSANCE... 

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•••• ••■• • • • •••• 

DORIAN 

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CVC7C.,..c initscri 

ACQUISITION TELESCOPE S;STEMOPERATING CONCEPT 

• 

DORIAN 

VVILVar..ZrMinl r:Z3MMSV:"Or...7717iSI,;77.4, 

ASTRONAUTS INSPECTING TARGETS IN NEXT 

CLUSTER, FOR CLOUD COVER AND "ACTIVITY" 

WHILE TARGET FROM PREVIOUS CLUSTER 

IS BEING PHOTOGRAPHED FIGURE 
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Resesitant Actions 

k!s.marzcaragzarz=.: ...7:Ammumacasma 

44 AD HOC GROUP REPORT DISTRIBUTED TO CIA, DIA, 

SERVICES, JCS, DNRO. 

MOL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT PAPER (DCP) APPROVED 

BY DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE. 

* DIA PREPARING TO PRESENT DOD REQUIREMENTS 

FOR VHR TO USIB. 

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Conficlonce in Perforrmance Estimates 

IMEMMINIIIICEREENIMEM:MIZZESAINZI====.„ -sl:Y2:1=0XCOO...., -, 

CONFIDENCE AT RESOLUTION LEVFLS 

WEAPOrl qysrui 24" 

F GHTER AIRCRAFT 30% 

MOBILE BALLISTIC MISSILE 20% 

ATTACK SUBMARINEI 20% 

SAM OR MISSILE DEFENSE 10% 

ARMORED VEHICLE 5% 

BALLISTIC MISSILE 11/1/ 5%, 

• 

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GAIN IN REACTION TIME 

TIME GAINED FOR U.S. 

SOVIET SYSTEM REACTION (WITH VHR) 

IMANNED AIRCRAFT 2 to 3 Years 

OFFENSIVE MISSILES 2 to 3 Years 

DEFENSIVE MISSILES 5 to 6 Years 

SUBMARINES 1 to 2 Years 

ARMORED WEAPONS 5 to 7 Years. 

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ffnforrantil Ott n 

Confidence level Lev

Expected Tolerance FIR VIM 

with Perfect Photograohv Pliotv.raphy 

Critical Characteristic Technical Intelligence 

Interceptor Reload Time ± 20% . 

Interceptor Flyout Range ± 10% 

Interceptor Acceleration ± 20% 

Potential loiter Time ± 10% 

Interceptor Maneuver, g's ± 30% 

Existence of Optical Sensors Yes or No 

Radar Discrimination and 

ECCM Capability Yes or No 

Radar Frequency Range , it 10% 

Radar Beam Width ± 5% 

4G161-- TALEWKEYHOLVW 
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L US NS 

INMEne===MIWZSM;,'MOXNErMffalWa.:221 .kra XrAMMOCV=. , 1-41125M7 

* IMPORTANT THREAT PARAMETERS & CHARACTERISTICS CAN BE DERIVED 

FROM VHR ALONE... 

* VHR CAN PERMIT ASSESSMENT OF ELINT-TYPE TARGETS PRIOR TO TEST... 

* VALUE OF VHR CAN BE SHOWN (I.E., STRATEIGIC, DEFENSIVE, AIR, ASW, 

BALLISTIC MISSILES, CPR, TACTICAL)... 

* CONTRIBUTION OF VHR IN CONFIDENCE & REACTION TIME... 

* UNIQUE CAPABILITYS. FOR '7 1 

* CONTRIBUTION TO ARMS LIMITATION & CRISIS INTELLIGENCE.. 

* CUMULATIVE VALUE IN PHOTO SIGNATURES, CAMOUFLAGE/DECEPTION, i 

UNIDENTIFIED INSTALLATIONS, ORDER OF BATTLE- 

* POTENTIAL FOR HR COLOR... 

* VALUE OF VHR WILL INCREASE... 

7.40.p7-4E4NtW- 7AlEtii.:1(E11014 
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AD HOC Group Charter 

FUNDAMENTAL PURPOSE 

Determine both quantitatively and qualititively the 

essentiality and/or increased value of VHR over FIR photography 

as it contributes to DOD operations and decisions... 

TASKS 

* ,Survey available material... 

* Review actual/simulated VHR and HR photography... 

* Analyze significant current military/national intelligence 

problems. Express VHR value in terms of unique 

contributions, .increased confidence, and/or possible DOD 

decisions and actions... 

* "Evaluate and crisis reconnaissance... 

* Investigate usefulness for arms control/disarmament... 

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Methodology 

imetkarilms 

* IDENTIFY) SPECIFIC, POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT WEAPON 

SYSTEM DECISIONS... 

* IDENTIFY SPECIF C/RELATED USSR/CPR THREATS... 

* DETERMINE INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION NEEDED... 

* DETERMINE BASIC & SPECIFIC ANALYTICAL • 

REQUIREMENTS... 

* DETERMINE VHR/HR UNCERTAINTIES & VARIANCES 

WITH & WITHOUT V1111... 

* RELATE TO WEAPON SYSTEM DECISIONS... 

BYEMAII/TALElli :KEYHOLE. —4-er—ieeRty= DORIAN /RUFF 
tri POLARIS A-2 

DECOYS, ECM 

POLARIS A-3 

MULTIPLES 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Missile Penetration History 

: NO DEFENSE 

411111.ESEMENEMEMISIMINIEC--7-''' 

TERMINAL DEFENSE AREA DEFENSE 

LOLARISA-1 

POLARIS A-2 

POLARIS A-3 

DECOYS 

POLARIS A-3 

ANTELOPE CHAFF 

1■•••••=tomemma.a.comorcasc,,,,s. 

MINUTEMAN111 

[TITANI 

POSEIDON 

MULTIPLES 

MINUTEMAN III 

MULTIPLES/DECOYS 

MINUTEMAN II 

Mk-1 CHAFF 

MINUTEMAN II 

Mk-lA CHAFF 

TITAN II 

DECOYS 
100 150 450 550 

TALENTIKEYHOLE /RUFF 

200 250 300 350 

GROUND RANGE - *N.M. 

TOP SECRET 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

Soviet SA-5 System Performance 

200 

r150 

1m 

100 

or—EARLIER PERFORMANCE 

1,•• ‘, ■■■•••■•■1 

CURRENT PERFORMANCE 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

Y 2016 

OPT! AI I - Present Mi. Program 

22Z11151111=1191MIESEIM 

ARGUMENTS FOR: 

• HIGHEST CONFIDENCE... 

• EARLY OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY... 

* MANNED/UNMANNED OPTION... 

o MAN-IN-SPACE CAPABILITIES BONUS... 

ARGUMENTS AGAINST: 

® TOO COSTLY... 

O VHR NOT SIGNIFICANT... 

• DEVELOP ONLY MANNED SYSTEM... 

O DEVELOP ONLY UNMANNED SYSTEM... 

BYEMAN/DORIAN 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

OPTI IV I - Present OL, Program 

FUNDING/SCHEDULE/ COST OPTIONS 

FY70 FY71 TOTAL FV-3 LAUNCH 

DCP APPROVED $576M $565M $3040M FEB 72 

, f 

INCREASED FUNDING $635M $590M $2980M DEC 71 

DECREASED RATE $515M $600M $3130M MAY 72 
OPTIONAi Manned Cray 1170/L Prograoai 

"MillIONSUMMISMVI,7=1.2, 

,Z2ZIENNINTI...4=57".,...atgrAIRESEINAMENNE . 11151725.. 

ARGUMENTS FOR: 

• LOWEST COST FOR HIGHEST CONFIDENCE & 

EARLY OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY... 

O MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY/CAPABILITY/GRO1NTH 

POTENTIAL... 

O MORE THAN COST-COMPETITIVE... 

• MAN-IN-SPACE CAPABILITY BONUS... 

ARGUMENTS AGAINST: 

O TOO COSTLY... 

• VHR NOT SIGNIFICANT... 

® NEED UNMANNED OPTION " INSURANCE"... 

o DEVELOP ONLY UNMANNED SYSTEM... 

BYEMAN/DORIA N 
OPTION II - Manned Only 17,- rogram 

• NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEA d1,tLY 

FUNDING/SCHEDULE/ COST OPTIONS 

FY70 FY71 TOTAL FV-3 LAUNCH 

DCP-PROPOSED* $550M $525M $281011 FEB 72 

INCREASED FUNDING $590M $540M $275010 DEC 71 

DECREASED FUNDING $510M $550M $2900M MAY 72 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEA 26T5 

OPT N III - Unmanne V = AR Program 

7...7r-1.17=551281M1125n100431=11102F 

ARGUMENTS FOR: 

O LOWEST PROGRAM COSTS... 

® LOWER RECURRING COSTS... 

® MANNED SYSTEM FEATURES NOT IMPO 

• NO "SPY-IN-SKY" RAMIFICATIONS... 

ARGUMENTS AGAINST: 

O LOW CONFIDENCE/ DELAYED MATURITY... 

O LIMITED CAPABILITY/GROWTH POTENTIAL... 

O NOT COST-COMPETITIVE (RECURRING)... 

O "SPY-IN-SKY" FEARS GROUNDLESS... 

BYEMAN/DORIAN 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEAS 

PTION III - Unmanne 9 V L Progra: 

7:117=0:1111=-"`" 

APPROACH 

O TERMINATE MOL MAN-UNIQUE APRIL 1. 

O CONTINUE CAMERA. HOLD UNMANNED MOL. 

o REEVALUATE PRACTICALITY & DESIRABILITY. 

C RECOMPETE SPACECRAFT APPROACHES. 

O TERMINATE OR GO BY DEC 1969. 

FkKiDING SCHEDULE/ COST ROM'S 

1ST 

P'-r7`RA FY70 FY71 OTAL LAUNCH 

UNMANNED MOL $450M $400+M $2.6-2.9B\ MID 72 

MOL CAMERA/HEXAGON MID 72 

MOL CAMERA/NEW SC 

BYEMAN/DORIAN /HEXAGON 
:ENRO APP 

RELE 

OPTION IV - Camera System Only 

ARGUMENTS FOR: 

• AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE USE... 

ARGUMENTS AGAINST: 

• UNKNOWN SYSTEM INTEGRATION TASKS AHEAD... 

O LIMITED ADDITIONAL TECHNOLOGY GAIN... 

COSTS': 

PROGRAM FY70 FY71 TOTAL AVAIL 

FIVE CAMERAS ( 2 ) $160M $120M $1630M 1972 

(1) ASSUMES APRIL 1 MOL PROGRAM TERMINATION 

(21 BARE CAMERAS NOT MM'S 

BYEMAN/DORIAN 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

E RELEASE ULY 2R15 

PTION V - Terminate 1111 

:=7,1=MMANCMVIMAIONE.,z.,. '',:47.;a22=31SUMMINKVEMONSWE'--- 

O TERMINATION COSTS: $120440 

O TOTAL COST a/o 1 APRIL: Approx $1.2 Billion... 

O PRODUCTS: 

A CAMERA TEST FACILITIES... 

. ADVANCED CAMERA TECHNOLOGY... 

A PARTIALLY DEVELOPED: 

* MAN-SPACE HARDWARE... 

* CAMERA SYSTEM... 

* T-IIIM BOOSTER... 

* LAUNCH FACILITY... 

CRT BYEMAN/DORIAN 
BYEMAN/DORIAN 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASEA-JULY 

OPTION VI - Reduccd VIM Goals 

REDUCED VHR GOAL: Resolution 

G-3 GROWTH POTENTIAL: 

PRESENT CAPABILITY: AT 72nm... 

O CY 1971 POTENTIAL: AT 72nm... 

O REDUCED ALTITUDES NOT PRACTICAL... 

W CAMERA SYSTEM: 

fl FOCAL LENGTH & APERTURE BETWEEN IDOL AND 

GAMBIT-3... 

O EQUAL OR MORE COSTLY THAN COMPLETING MOL 

CAMERA... 
1;E NRO APP 

RELE 1 JULY 2015 

MOL DCP - DEC 1S38 

RECOMMENDATIONS: 

• VHR VALUE TO DOD & MOL MISSION FLEXIBILITY: 

* JUSTIFIES REMAINING COSTS ($1.8B); 

* AND ANNUAL OPERATING ($100-120M/LAUNCH 

-< 

• 

$575M IS MINIMUM IN FY70.., 

O CONTINUE PRESENT- PROGRAM. DO NOT CANCEL 

UNMANNED OPTION AT THIS TIME..., 

O DIA SHOULD ADVISE USIB THAT: 

* DOD VALIDATES VHR REQUIREMENTS; 

* WILL OPERATE. MOL AGAINST NATIONAL OBJECTIVES; 

* AND UNDER USIB PRIORITIES... 

• BYEMAN/DORLAN 
NRO APPROVED. FOR 

RELEASE 1-JULY 2015 
BOOSTER Gr.r11:11/STRUCTURAL 

QUALIFICATION QUALIFICATION ALL UP MANNED ALL UP UNPNNED 

0 0 0 0 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

L1.4 Lri kni j r-45 

ti gjg 

Quarter 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd. 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 

Year 1970 1971 1972 /973 
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 

300 

200 

NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

400 

100 

iOL irograin Costs (Phase 1111) 

AS OF JANUARY 1, 1969 

PHASE II 

FY 1911 FY 1912 FY 1913 FY 1914 TOTAL 

• 

:::::::.: 

• .. 

::::::•: 

::::: 

• ::::::: 

:•::•:.: 

::::•:.:. 

.• 

• •. 

KEY: 

Amon Camera System Budget • 

••• 

. ,. 

am T-111M, GB, idti Veh, 

at! other budget 

-- -- 

:••::.: :::. .. •-::-..: 

::::::•••• . . :: " ....: •• 

1 

. •. 

.. •. 

.•..•.. •••••• 

........ 

...:::::::. 

:::•:••.• 

:::::::::::::: 

:::::::::. 

.....::::•: .... :::::.:: 

:•:•:•:.: ... 

'1.i,- 

•,...,.. • . 

,g7 •,..;‘„•,:44"‘ .:,: - :.::,:.: . ::: 

'''..' 

'11:‘• 

;I:al; 

4./.1. ":"itz• -lat.... 

3e: 

576.0 

..- 

. 

• • • . . 

I 

:h.,: :•:::: 

::::::::. 

•••••• 

•• • .. 

:.:.::- 

::.:.:. 

—...-- 

: .........: 

•:::::::. 

:: : .: :: 

..... 

::::::•::: 

• ..•. •. 

• . 

• . . .•• 

... 

,, ....: •....... •••.: 

. 

•••-... ••••••• :::::::: 

::::::: 

:::::::::-.. 

•.•.•.. :•::.-.• ::::::::: 

:•:.:•:•: 

• ......:::::::::.:. 

. : . '::$1,•::: • :::::: .....,:, 

..,:-A- 

'..4.-'v 

-4: 

-■-•,' 

1,4*..V. 

'''...'7.: 

.......... 

515.0 

•::•:•:: ::::::::. 

:•:::::: 

::•:•::: 

. :,.....: 

:::- 

• •:-:•.- :: . .. •.•. . 

...:: 

...,,,.4', 

;.:,.::..., •..,,,,...:, 

;•:7,;:r... -

-:•‘....47: :!..,„4..y; ci.,..,•:1 

% 

4•kr-S, 

..:AZ■ .. . S' . 

430.0 

'..4, -

kia:_:-•4, 

::•:::::- .•... • 

... : ::•::::::::. 

.. •••• :•:•:•::: 

•::::::::- 

4;1,4 

;9•Xii 

VVi, ... ' ' 

292.3 

-.... 

::::::::: 

•-•••••-- 

:•:-:-:•: 

. . • . • 

.1.,' 

A:17! 

:::::: 

::::* 

, 

..: 

... 

.,:ill:,? .73 11

'Z'..;:ci, s 1 

565.0 

:::::::.; 

• - 

....-..... 

.......... 

11 

: ,;,::... 

420.0 

11 . .i, . . : :::::::.:....... . •. ..•... . . ... •:.:::.: .: .....:• 

:.:-:-:-. 

195.0 

• Q , 

45.0 

, 

3038.3i 

0 

TOTAL CURRENT 

REQUIREMENT 

FY 1967 

AND PRIOR FY 1968 FY 1969 FY 1970 

500 
r;•••• 

..".. '' ..••••,;-Ii•••••••• • 

O LIG SOFTWAr,IE JOB AHEAD... 

BYEMAN/DOR1AN 

• 

• 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEA 

PROGFili Li STATUS 

r. 0\A lk,e1"tg... 

O BOOSTER/LABORATORY/GEMINI - NO PROBLEMS... 

O CAMERA SYSTEM: 

A TEST/MANUFACTURING FACILITIES SATISFACTORY... 

A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION MIRROR MATERIAL OK... 

A MIRROR SURFACE GOALS ATTAINABLE... 

A rtiri iRROl DRIVE/CONTROL MEETING SPECS... 

A AUTOMATIC POINTING/TRACKING NOT YET... 

A INVESTIGATING CONTAMINATION THOROUGHLY... 

- 

if 

SCHEDULE: 

STILL ON SCHEDULE TOWARD DEC 71 - DOLLAR PACED... 

• NON-CRITICAL WORK BUNCHED AHEAD... 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

System Performance C t parison 

4.0. 1 "-A • - • ,11,44.... 

—teii—StoR44:7- DORIAN/RUFF , BYEMAN/TAI.ENT-NETHOLE 
In DCP 

TOP SECRET BYEMAN/OORIAN/REXAGON 

• 

'1"Ag 

Vra-MZI E:',..VEZIEN1=41;. - 

4,1 NS 

I. PRESENT MOL PROGRAM... 

II. MANNED—ONLY MOL PROGRAM... 

III. UNMANNED VHR PROGRAM: 

1. UNMANNED MOL SYSTEM... 

2. MOL CAMERA/HEXAGON SPACECRAFT... 

3. MOL CAMERA/NEW SPACEC: 

• IV. MOL CAMERA SYSTEM ONLY... 

is> V. TERMINATE ALL VHR ACTIVITIES... 

VI. REDUCED VHR GOAL... 

NR 

LEASE 1 JULY 2015 

VHR OPTI 

IVE1-',Z7:7:3;17;17: • 
41.••■■■• 

LcFXE

APPRO FOR 

AS JULY 2015 

CONTRACT t7 

tuasizitlast2minarstaces=7,...:.-masnosaamismr &41-1161011111111er" 

3 0 MCDONNELL-DOUGLAS (Eastern Div.) 

-13 

IF- 

- 8 0 MCDONNELL-DOUGLAS (Western Div.) 

_ 

_ 

0 GENERAL ELECTRIC 

LC°VERT CONTRACTOR TOP SECRET 

BYEMAN/DOR IAN 

0 EASTMAN RODAIV" 

0 MARTIN 

H—