SECTION 1

New Jersey 2007 Base Year Inventory SIP

for the 

Northern and Southern New Jersey

PM2.5 Nonattainment Areas 

Technical Support Documentation
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I. PREFACE

This document is to support EPA's approval of a revision to the New Jersey State 

Implementation Plan (SIP) which pertains to the following: 

Where applicable, 2007 base year inventory annual emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and 

NH3 for the Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut (NNJ) area which include the 

following counties: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, 

Somerset and Union and the Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia PM2.5 (SNJ) nonattainment 

areas which include the following counties: Burlington, Camden and Gloucester.

This TSD contains a detailed review of New Jersey=s 2007 base year emission Inventory 

submittal. Among the topics discussed below are the recent history and criteria for approval and 

EPA=s final recommendations.

II. BACKGROUND 

Section 182(a)(3) and 172(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act requires the periodic submission of base 

inventory for SIP planning process to address the pollutants for the eight hour-ozone, PM2.5 and 

CO national ambient air quality standard. Identifying the base year gives certainty to States that 

requires submission of the ozone, PM2.5 and CO emission inventories periodically. These 

requirements allow the EPA, based on the states’ progress in reducing emissions, to periodically 

reassess its policies and air quality standards and revise them as necessary. Most important, the 

ozone, PM2.5 and CO inventories will be used to develop and assess new control strategies that 

the states will need to submit in their attainment demonstration SIPs for the new national ambient 

air quality standards for ozone, PM2.5 and for CO. The base year inventory may also serve as 

part of statewide inventories for purposes of regional modeling in transport areas. The base year 

inventory plays an important role in modeling demonstrations for areas classified as 

nonattainment and outside transport regions. For the reasons stated above, ideally EPA would 

therefore emphasize the importance and benefits of developing a comprehensive, current, and 

accurate ozone and PM2.5 emission inventory (similar to the 1990 base year inventory effort). In 

this case, the 2007 base year has been selected as the inventory that will be used for planning 

purposes for the Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut and Southern New JerseyPhiladelphia PM2.5 nonattainment areas

III. CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL

There are general and specific components of an acceptable emission inventory. In general, the 

State must submit a revision to its SIP and the emission inventory must meet the minimum 

requirements for reporting by source category. Specifically, the source requirements are detailed 

below.
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The Level I and II review process is used to determine that all components of the base year 

inventory are present. The review also evaluates the level of supporting documentation provided 

by the State and assesses whether the emissions were developed according to current EPA or 

acceptable alternative guidance. The data quality is also evaluated. 

The Level III review process is outlined here and consists of points that the inventory must 

adequately address. For a base year emission inventory to be acceptable it must pass all of the 

following acceptance criteria: 

1. Adequate documentation must be provided that enabled the reviewer to determine the 

emission estimation procedures and the data sources used to develop the inventory.

2. Evidence that the inventory was quality assured by the state and its implementation 

documented.

3. The point source inventory must be complete.

4. Point source emissions must have been prepared or calculated according to the current 

EPA guidance.

5. The area source inventory must be complete.

6. The area source emissions must have been prepared or calculated according to the current 

EPA guidance.

7. Non-road mobile emissions were prepared according to current EPA guidance for all of 

the source categories.

8. The method (e.g., HPMS or a network transportation planning model) used to develop 

VMT estimates must follow EPA guidance. The VMT development methods must be

adequately described and documented in the inventory report.

9. The MOBILE model must be correctly used to produce emission factors for each of the 

vehicle classes.

IV. DETAILED ACTION AND EVALUATION

This TSD contains a detail discussion and summary of the review conducted by EPA for, where 

applicable, the 2007 base year inventory annual emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 

for the for the Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut (NNJ) and Southern New Jersey-
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Philadelphia (SNJ) PM2.5 nonattainment areas.

Tables 1A-B below shows the 2007 base year PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for the NNJ 

and SNJ PM2.5 nonattainment areas.

Table 1A - 2007 NNJ PM2.5 Base Year Inventory (in Tons/Year)

Pollutant Point Area Nonroad Mobile Onroad Mobile Total

PM 2.5 4,937 5,498 2,497 3,677 16,610

NOX 15,828 16,122 39.457 93,385 164,793

SOX 20,360 4,983 5,761 586 31,690

VOC 7,584 60,560 26,833 47,490 142,667

NH3 804 2,909 37 2,101 5,840

Table 1B - 2007 SNJ PM2.5 Base Year Inventory (in Tons/Year)

Pollutant Point Area Nonroad Mobile Onroad Mobile Total

PM 2.5 800 2,837 560 1,055 5,159

NOX 4,453 3,483 6,790 26,992 41,718

SOX 2,034 1,128 1,642 161 4,965

VOC 2,041 17,184 6,490 10,880 36,594

NH3 53 1,032 12 462 1,559

A. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 1 for the Quality Assurance Plan

Quality Assurance Plan Implementation

The Quality Assurance (QA) plan was implemented for all portions of the inventory. The QA 

plan included a QA/Quality control (QC) program for assessing data completeness and standard 

range checking. Critical data elements relative to the inventory sources were assessed for 

completeness. QA checks were performed relative to data collection and analysis, and double 

counting of emissions from point, area and mobile sources. QA/QC checks were conducted to 

ensure accuracy of units, unit conversions, transposition of figures, and calculations. The QA 

plan for the inventory was performed in accordance with section 6.0 of Emission Inventory 

Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze 

Regulation, dated August 2005.
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See Appendix V, Section 7 of the SIP Revision for the Attainment and Maintenance of the 

PM2.5 NAAQS (NJ PM2.5 SIP), dated July 18, 2012.

B. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 2 and 3 for the Point Source Inventory

Point Source Inventory

New Jersey=s inventory includes major point sources based on the following thresholds for each

pollutant in tons per year (tpy): 10 tpy or more of VOC, 25 tpy or more of NOx and 100 tpy or 

more of PM2.5, SO2 and NH3. The inventory report describes how point source activity levels 

and their associated parameters were developed, and how the data were used to calculate 

emission estimates. The report provides referenced documents for activity level and emission 

factors used. Information on how rule effectiveness and control efficiencies were derived (with 

the associated sample calculations) is also provided. Plant summary information on detailed, 

plant, county and nonattainment area levels, are included in the inventory. Where applicable, 

annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for the PM2.5 

nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.3 of Emission

Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional 

Haze Regulation, dated August 2005. 

See Appendix V, Section 3 of the NJ PM2.5 SIP, dated July 18, 2012.

C. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 4 and 5 for the Area Source Inventory

Area Source Inventory

The inventory lists the source categories that are included in (and excluded from) from the area 

source inventory. The inventory documentation includes emissions factors, activity levels, 

seasonal adjustment factors, and sample calculations. Referenced information for the input 

values to equations is included. Point source contributions have been correctly factored out of 

the area source category totals where appropriate. Rule effectiveness, control efficiency and rule 

penetration were correctly applied for several source categories and a discussion as to the basis 

for application is provided. Area source emissions are presented on a source category, county 

and/or nonattainment area basis. Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, 

NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in 

accordance with section 5.4 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and 

Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation, dated August 2005.

The primary sources of anthropogenic ammonia emissions are two agricultural operations, 

livestock and fertilizer. Ammonia emissions from livestock and fertilizer were prepared by the 

USEPA using the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Ammonia Model, version.6. The model 

runs are based on 2007 activity levels. Ammonia emissions for industrial refrigeration, 

composting, and publicly owned treatment works were prepared by the USEPA.
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See Appendix V, Section 4 of the NJ PM2.5 SIP, dated July 18, 2012 and Addendum 1, NJ 

2007 Emissions Inventory for VOC and NH3 dated April 22, 2003.

D. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 7 for Non Road Mobile Source Inventory

Nonroad Mobile Source Inventory

For the New Jersey, the predominant non-road mobile source categories (i.e., agricultural 

equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment, airport service equipment, light 

commercial equipment, lawn and garden equipment...etc.) were developed by the Nonroad 

Emissions Equipment Model 2008 released by EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

(OTAQ). Nonroad mobile source emissions are presented on a source category, county basis. 

Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for 

PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of 

Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and 

Regional Haze Regulation, dated August 2005.

Aircraft Emissions

Aircraft emissions for are provided for PM2.5, NOx and SO2 were calculated based on the 

number of landing and takeoffs (LTO) cycles generated at each airport. These values were used 

as inputs to the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System, the Federal Aviation Agency 

modeling tool. Aircraft source emissions are presented on a source category, county basis. 

Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for

PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of 

Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and 

Regional Haze Regulation, dated August 2005.

Locomotive Emissions

Where applicable, locomotives emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 were calculated 

based on the estimated fuel consumption or individual railroad systems operating in New Jersey. 

NJDEP received specific fuel use data from Class II and III, yard/switch, freight and commuter 

locomotive railroads. An estimation of fuel consumption based on gross ton miles and fuel 

consumption indexes were prepared for those railroads that did not submit statewide fuel data. 

For Class I line haul locomotives, NJ used Class I line haul county level emissions used from the 

ERTAC 2008 inventory that was developed for the MARAMA States. Locomotive source 

emissions are presented on a source category, county basis. Where applicable, annual emissions 

are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The 

inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of Emission Inventory Guidance for 

Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation, dated 

August 2005.

Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions

Where applicable, commercial marine vessel (CMV) emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and 
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NH3 for the Northern New Jersey area were taken from the CMV emissions inventory report 

prepared by Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC. The inventory report relied on actual operational 

data and then used local activity parameters to extend emission estimates to those portions of the 

CMV not directly inventoried. From this information, emission estimates were prepared based 

on estimated horsepower demand. The inventory is based on calendar year 2000. NJ projected 

these emissions from 2000 to 2007 using NJ/NJ Port Authority trade statistics. CMV emissions 

for Southern New Jersey were estimated from EPA’s 2008 NEI and 2008 CMV emissions 

inventory for the Southern New Jersey/Philadelphia area developed by the State of Pennsylvania. 

CMV source emissions are presented on a source category, county basis. Where applicable, 

annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonattainment 

areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of Emission Inventory 

Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze 

Regulation, dated August 2005.

See Appendix V, Section 6 of the NJ PM2.5 SIP, dated July 18, 2012.

E. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 8 and 9 for the Onroad Source Inventory

Onroad Mobile Source Inventory

New Jersey=s mobile source inventory was developed by using the travel demand model (TDM) 

used by the two Metropolitan Planning Organizations in the States as the basis for estimating 

actual county level and functional class vehicle miles traveled (VMT) estimates. Estimates were 

developed from the aforementioned sources for each roadway functional class, by county, in each 

of the PM2.5 nonattainment areas.

MOVES2010a Model was used to generate emission factors for on-road vehicle emission 

estimates. The breakdown of emissions to the highway vehicle classifications have been 

provided for in the inventory. The methods used to determine on-road emission estimates are 

explained in the report. The report also explains how MOVES2010a emission factors were used, 

in conjunction with VMT data, to estimate mobile source emissions for the inventoried areas. It 

provides the sources for the key inputs into the mobile model. Key assumptions are also 

included. The PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 mobile emissions are presented on county 

level by vehicle class. Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, 

VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with 

section 5.5.1 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate 

Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation, dated August 2005. 

See Appendix VII of the NJ PM2.5 SIP, dated July 18, 2012.

Conclusion

New Jersey has a SIP that will ensure that the requirements of for emission inventory measures 

and reporting are adequately met. To comply with the emission inventory requirements, the State 
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submitted a complete inventory containing point, area, on-road, and non-road mobile source data, 

and accompanying documentation.

The SIP submittal does not present any particular inconvenient issues associated with 

enforceability.

Recommendation

EPA is approving this SIP submittal as meeting the essential reporting requirements for an 

Emission Inventory. EPA will also make a finding that the SIP revision meets the requirements 

for emission inventories.