. : es 7 : wo. _ . _— _
wet .. ; "GM 58-0165-06470

_ LouisG, Dum -5 "8 baron 1958

.

Following the presentations by Mr, Stroud and Dr, Wileox, Dr. York. :
asked me to present what we thought we, could do with a vehicle, and what
our concepts were of the instrumentati After some hemming and hawing,
and some remarks by Dr. York that this rrnation was to be treated as .
highly classified, I stated thet we believe we could put 30 lbs, ina satellite,
orbit around the moon during the fall of this. year, and that we were
interested in what equipment we might obtain to be delivered by 1 June
1958, Also, we obviously would be interested in anything that we might
get later this year, ‘I also stated that beginning about the first of next
year we expected to have payloads of 100 Ibs, Upon questioning with
respect to miss distance from the moon, Dr, Bennett advised that a one .
sigma value for orbiting the mooa was approximately 2,000 miles, It was
stated that the satellite trajectory would be Sccomplished with a retrorocket,
but the details of the Procedure, the trajectory, etc., for doing it were not
discussed, It was stated that we pla to include a simple telemetering
transmitter, transmitting minimum data, perhaps measurements of the
moon's magnetic field, and that we hoped to obtain other significant data
by observing the trajectory of the satellite, This led to some discussion
as to whether the moon's magnetic field could be measured, which concluded
essentially with agreement by the Committee that it might be done bya

simple as possible to TTMmaximize the Probability of success, and were reluc.
tant to introduce television scanning systems or equivalent devices of a low
probability of success. Dr. York likewise kept sea aap hasising, as did
Dr. Dryden, and to a lesser extent Drs. Waterman Pure

ing, of course, is particularly advantageous for obtaining exactly this type
of information, since it-gives the Opportunity on repeated passes of acquir-
ing such data, Hence, the Committee members were not readily dissuaded
from the concept that we should at least attempt to get visual data, and
Binted rather broadly that thay felt experiments that did not attempt this
objective would Rave Great difficulty in achieving final approval.

The next presentation was made by JPL, the first Part being.given .
by Dr. Clarence Gates. Dr. Gates advised that they expected to have a
215 Ib. payload capability during what turned out in later discussion to be the
jact three months of 1958, a 100 Jb. payload Capability beginning in January
. 1959, anda 300 to 400 Ib, capability at some later unspecified time. Sub-
Sequent discussion disclosed that it-was proposed to achieve the 15 Ib,
capability by adding the thre solid, spun stages used in the
Explorer to the Jupiter. Tho total vehicle is called Juno. The 100 1b.
capebility is to be obtained with more advanced solid Propellant stages, -
and no definition was given as to how the 300 to 400 Ib. capability could be
realized, The 15 ib. vehicle, upon Ane paeent Aiep sion, app eared ab



om 58-0165-06470

Louie G. Duma 190 0 * 5 March 1958

fo, that we would have as a payload ous television untt and ‘one
transmitter for tracking only. The television transmitter would
also obviously serve for mn the h PrPosen, Dr. Bennett felt it

y
I shall be glad to discuss
your earliest Convenience,

AFD:dr

Distribution: . an

R
H.

J.

RF. OM

G.

R. Bennett :
R. Lawrence
Cc



GM 58-0165-06470
" Louie G. Dunn = 7 5 March 1958

The next pact of the JP.L presentation was given by Mr. Walter Victor
on the electronics which might be used in their systems. The first experi.
ment Mr. Victor Proposed employs a transmitter with an output of a

100 milliwatts, a bandwidth of 10 cycles per Second, and he stated that with a
microlock receiver and a 60 ft. dish antenna this would give a signal to noise
ratio Corresponding to 17 db. for a bandwidth of peyeles Per second. The -
weight of this System, including batteries, would be ibs, The present

band pass of the microlock receivers is one - The interest in the
Polaroid camera with scanning system is Perhaps obvious from this, as it
quoatnatam that could permit zeducing tha aata'ss vd cps bandwidth, The
-question was asked by Dr. York on the feasibility of using solar batteries. .

» Stroud pointed out that solar batteries are now in use on Vanguard,

but they are not Suitable for power outputs of ong watt or greatee ene
Present time, - . . .

ted at this point into

recorder it app ‘time and
Played back in slow time to reduce the bandwidth requirements from .
15,000 cpa, to 6 cps. This bandwidth reduction, together with the use of
60 to 100 ft, dishes should make it Possible to get an acceptable signe} to
noise ratio with the one watt output in the unit. Mr. Stroud agreed that

this change could teadily be made in hig system, He was Concerned about Px
the problem: of how we turned it on, but since it. a Ufe of 19 days, this
would seem more than adequate for any expe: we rm, 7

his equipment, When we get into this phase it became somewhat learer ‘
zainwashed by the Army. Dr, Wileox of NOTS . Sao

kept arguing that either he could produce ‘pment, or that Mr. Stroud's ©

equipment could be adapted for our use within the three months Period, given

control and shut-off in the Second stage,. with spinning of the third stage, ,
we thought we had a 50% chance of successfully establishing a lunar
satellite on the first attempt, Dr. Bennett augmented this 2 little with

SN rari ’

yee



Louis G. Dunn ~ 6

primarily a test vehicle to develop
with the 100 1b, Payload system, the

gathered from the subsequent discussion was Propos:

veconnaissanc
ed

100 1b, vehicle, is pictured in Fig, ,

ow

\

30° slit aystem locks out at (A) perpendicular to the
earth and the Sun at eich revolution, When the info
sources is suitable, a second System looking out at
the final

The:
ing station at JPL, one in the Philippines and
expressed some concern about the suitability
of the high latitude, He stated that equatorial
better, He also stated that they wished to o!
as early as Possible in order to minimise
of the moon's orbit, Dr. Gates is concerned about the
" did aot deem it feasible during this year ‘to introduce a

the moon. To accomplish this
to one cycle Per second, or le

launcher to correct for not

but are stil] sticking to spinning for angular ¢
From our analyses the angular dispersion with this system would, I beli
we hope to. obtain

result in one order of magnitude greater error than

’ from the initial Baker shots,

Basically a 30° ¢
a Ph 30° Cone “Angle -

. je Spin Axis. -
Fig. 3. .

the error in

dance techniques to be used later
* system, which I
use with the

one angle or

GM 58-0165-06470
5 March 1958

spin axis and sees the :
rmation from
(B) operates :

stage is slowed down in rotation

by STL,
Procedure for
been selected, al;

eve,


Conclusions: che
tons:

een

GM 58-0165-06470

LouisG. Dumn-9 0. oo "5 Mawen 1988

"There was some discusaion of the problem of establis! round
receiving stations, and: it was generally indicated that while aa q a very

‘difficult problem in Some respects, it is largely an organisational one. A

number of 60 ft, dishes do exist, suitable xeceivers exist, the dishes are -
seri -production items and could be obtained, ect Up and put into operation
within foux to five months prior ts a launch, and existing dishes could be
adapted, The problem is corplex ‘atively, but is not so complex
technologically. At about this point the me. broke up, it

generally agreed that everything that could be ; cussed had been.and, .
after a brief discussion with Dr, Bennett, I lef te'catch an airplane, This. -
Commuting to Washington is hard on one! TN gs a a

T have reached several conclusions which, in general, are only my

1, We can expect a continuing and increasing pressure from the - : a :
Killian

_ Possible resources for this Purpose, . . , : ; . |
said television systems of both the Signal Corps and NOTS are
considerably further along than J had believed any systems were for
Possible application to the Baker mission,

3, Ths Baker vehicle with its guidance and cut-off during second
stage and close control of third stage impulse and its retrorocket

system has a much higher Probability of acc ishing a icant J
lunar experiment than any, of the crude maultistage systems postulated . J
by JPL and Army. The STL systems for taking account of variation : '

to impact, and other related detail developments ear to place us
well ahead at this time of the Juno proposals, . ras 2 ee pong
shortly on a Auorine stage, however, wo will be behind the eight
by the end af 1959;) Se : me , _
4. We should imimediataly expand our studies of s: measure-
ments that can be made by simple tel inorder totryto |.
define significant experiments that can be done without televisionto  . —-
minimise opposition to an early launching, : se .

in launch times, for using a retrorocket to establish a satellite, or nN |



Be > CONFESS
ere kL : . . it : . sf rs. ae
Me. “dente THE Rano MOI. do oo . ones-06470

papiaereneals Los ANGELES 48, CaLironnia ~~
| _ ++ _INTEROFFICE CORRESPONDENCE : .
: Louis G, Dunn . . Listed below March 1958
To: st ee: : Da
Meeting with Killian Subcommittee ; Al’S, Donovan
Susvecr: on Space with Reference to Project Baker | / . .
Present: . | Committee Members Lo . : . :
: ‘Dr. E. M, Purcell, Chairman an od
Dr. H. F. York, Aesistant Chairman wo
Dr. Hugh L, Dy st of .
Dr. Alan T. W: mR, Nat. Science Foundation
Dr. 8. Paul Johnson sO :
Dr. E. Piore ' . . .
Ts Presenters mae

Mz, William Stroud, Watson Laboratories, Signal.Cozps,
. U. zmy . .

Dr. Howard Wilcox, NOTS Inyokern :

Dr Clarence Gates and Mr. Walter Victor, JPL

Dr. R. R, Bennett, and A. F, Donovan, STL

Others Present: One man, name unknown - from JPL.

Summary: . .
It was emphasized Drs, York, Dryden.and Parcell that the decision
Sad own made conduct ¢ Ions amped om space tthe -

1. Contact with the moon of some ype is to be made as soon as
: Possible, subject to the Mmitationar?

a. That the contact be of rea significance and preferably of
@ type that the public can admire. . _ ¥

b. That the contact not Contaminate the moon. either radiologi.
cally or biologically, - *

ed but
Dryden ‘ed to be to bring to, ether in some manner the vehicle
Ob ATE pe the lunar reconnaissance SPabilities ——

of other organizations 80 as to effect as early as possible visual lunar recon-
maissance, It was stated several times that approval for a tunar project was

ims ms emey :
Vr . YEAR
a DOWNGRADED AT 12 -YEAI

ae OT AUTOMATICALLY

INTERVALS; NOT AU PIR §260,10

i
f
i
i


_ ‘, 5. GM 58=0165-06470
LouisG. ‘Dum -8 °°. my " § March 1958

Some discussions to the effect that we did have a scheme for accounting
for variations in the launch time (which JPL said they could not incorporate
before the beginning of next. year) and that we had Considered extensively
the problems of the time of launch, the time of the month, the accuracy
requirements, capabilities, etc, Dr. Gates outlined the JPL proposed
Program as having the following objectives: : : :

; First experiment - Visual reconnaissance af the moon
Second experiment ~ Hit the moon.

gorm-carrying material, The latter seems a little ridiculous, particularly
in view of the supposed absence of life on the moon, but the Diologists'
point is that until it is definitely proven that no form of life exists on the

on
The question came up as to what constructivel ets come out of this

meeting. It was emphasized by Dr. Dryden that the desire of the Commit.
tee was to bring together the People building the vehicles and the people
who have been teveloping instrumentation in the general hope that some
constructive action would result, 1 stated. that I felt the most constructive
thing would be for me to arrange with both Mr. Stroud and Dr. Wilcox to
visit us at a time when we could have appropriate people available to
review with them the exact nature of their equipment, its possibilities -

+ and its availability, I emphasized that we would be especially interested



42 — tte eee,

_ . * ner
. . Cf } tf fo AL
. GM 58-0165-06470 -

Louie Ge Dunn-4 7 8 Mareh 1958 ©

5 1/2" in diameter and 11" long, with a total woight of 12 lbs. This unit

has. an active life of 19 days. As shown in the sketch, the upper part con-

tains the television receiver. The next section has the electronic receiver .
components, and is followed by a main deck with miscellaneous electronic:
items, a-tape recorder package for storage of the received data, then a: We
Minitrack transmitter and, finally, in the bottom, § lbs. of batteries. y,
The tape recorder plays back at 3 times the speed at which it receives .
the information, The Signel Corps has objectives to develop by the end _—"~:
of this year a unit weighing not more than 30 Ibs., good for 60 days, that x
will give one mile resolution at 500 miles, using the same general approach,

The key problem in achieving this, y believe, is spin stabilization and e
orientation, and they estimate the tional system to produce the Proper j),¢
spin stabilization and orientation at 20 lbs. additional. This advanced unit a 4
will use a 120 ke, bandwidth and will weigh from 20 to 30 ibs., plus stabili-
zation unit, and will be able to give 5 watts output fram the moon in four 1
minute bursts for a period of several days, Mr. Stroud assumed a : L
Minitrack antenna on the ground which he defined as giving 12 db. gain, :
Batteries for these systems are estimated to give 50 watt-hours output per
pound, Some further possibilities of the Signal Corps system came up

jJater during the discussion and will be treated subsequently in this memo-
randum, . :

The next presenter, Dr. Howard Wilcox of the Naval Ordnance Test
Station, described a somewhat similar System using the spin of the vehicle
at approximately 5 revolutions per second, but with a one milliradian, ‘or

175°, resolution, The NOTS system was dosigned for a 10 kc band-pass, ’
& one watt transmitter to give a 4:1 signal to-noise ratio at 3,000 miles,
and uses a lead sulphite detector operating inthe range from 2.1 to 2.7 -
maicrons, Some discussion arose as to the suitability of this optical band,-
but Dr. Wilcox claimed to have obtained Pictures with good resolution of
the earth using the system when flown in airplanes, Dr. Wilcox stated -
that they had worried about nutation' of the vehicle, and had designed a
damping antenna with spaghetti to eliminate nutations. It was Dr. Wilcox's ©
opinion that he could make a unit suitable for use inamissile available -
within three mo: - To be specific, I asked him if he could qualify it
for 10 g from 20 to 2,000 cycles in this time period. It was his
that he readily could. The gross weight for his unit he estimated at 20 Ibs,
It was obvious from Dr. Wilcox's discussion that he was not as far into

"

of producing a few units in a short time scale if given high priority assign-
ment. It is my impression that Mr. Stroud is Over-conservative. __ .
Dr. Wilcox ie perhaps overly optimistic. A careful examination of both
operations would be necessary to arrive at a realistic evaluation of the
possibilities, — an . on : :



ay ; a a E10 mn,
an | 2 SOEs Ty
ana GM 58-0165-06470.

some kind of visual reconnaissance, and that therefore they had arranged
to call in the people from the Signal Corps.and NOTS who had. been work.
ing on systems of this type, so that they could present their stateof .
progress to JPL and STL who have been developing vehicles. It was his
hope that he could thereby induce some interactions that would result in
an earlier accomplishment of lunar experiments of significance, .

Mr, Stroud of the Signal Corps Laboratory was first azked to describe
his system, : ot :

Mz, Stroud began by stating that their ‘visual scaziner is in the form
of existing hardware qualified for missile Aight, and that units are now at
Cape Canaveral for launch in the next Vanguard. This came as somewhat :

of @ surprise to me, ‘econnaissance was
included in the early ystem is a simple
one inch approximately a 450 angle
with referenc as shown in Fig, 1. The

Te Spin ALIS
Fig. 1

spin of the satellite is used as a Mears of scanning. Tho Specifications for

Vanguard were telemetering time of one minute to transmit 50 minutes of .

picturess#a signal to noise ratio of at least one for one watt, and resolution

of a five-mile Square at 300 miles altitude. Transmission is to be on.

108. 03 megacycles, To accomplish this, they used optics with an F 0.7

lens with a 53mm, aperture, gi: approximately a one degree field of . :
width.

tf le Television
. le—.'Recewver .
Total weight a” = Wévn Control Deck.
ia Jor 14 days —: Tapa Recorder -
. . ke Munitrack Transmitter
. Cte Batteries Gib)

Fig. 2

*This fast playback is necessary because of the short time the satellite is —
within range of a Single ground station. °

< ‘



- ee eee

; ‘ - . . oO Laat Xz : ’
So : Poe | "GB 88-0265-06470
per cera a wt ; , ‘ _ .
Louis G. Dunn - 2 . 5 March 1958

unlikely to be given unless “elgaificant® Mata can be obtained,

Two presentations of particular st were made, The Signa? :
Corps representative, Mr, Stroud, reported on a television package that
is to be lmunched with the second Vanguard, This package has a total .
weight of 12 Ibs,, including batteries (which are eight out of the 12 bs. ).
playback syst ng 2OWSE of one wath and ioctaded's teen esse ee)
Bisvback system, ‘This package exists and x 7 adaptation

the use of ft. or better ‘dishes on the be used to obtain lunar
Pictures, : . :

to that of Mr, Stroud's, while the carries a Polaroid camera,
develops the Picture, and transmits it back by & simple facsimile system,
Conclusions:

In view of the significance that the Killian Committee ‘has placed on .
- getting "impressive" deta from ‘this experiment and the effort which was
taken to arrange this meeting, it is believed to be imperative from both
the practical and the political standpoints for us to review carefully the
posaibilities of using either the NOTS or Signal Corps television unitin
the Baker Pprogram,. Either one apparently would meet the weight require.
ments. The Signal Corps equipment could
the time requirement,: but would be marginal on performance, The NOTS

in parallel with this we sho: conduct an ve ion of what
significant experiments might be done without a Pictorial reconnais-
sance system,
General: .

F ly, Dr. Bennett and I arrived on time unehaven) after
our all night TV. ’ ¥ Seat trip, Dr. York ened the m;

-but with. the

be yaat the contact be of a type that has sigaific,
Public can admire it, ° ‘al Dae J

a. Making contact of some type with the moon as soon as possible,
limitatioa, . ,