# Patent

## Title
Molded printhead

## Abstract

In one example, a molded printhead includes a printhead die in a molding having a channel therein through which fluid may pass directly to a back part of the die. The front part of the die is exposed outside the molding surrounding the die. Electrical connections are made between terminals at the front part of the die and contacts to connect to circuitry external to the printhead.

## Background
BACKGROUND
Conventional inkjet printheads require fluidic fan-out from microscopic ink ejection chambers to macroscopic ink supply channels.



DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an inkjet printer with an ink cartridge implementing one example of a new molded printhead.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating one example of an ink cartridge such as might be used in the printer shown in FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective front and back views, respectively, of one example of a molded printhead such as might be used in the ink cartridge shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a plan view detail from FIG. 3 showing one example of an electrical connection between the printhead dies and external contacts.
FIG. 6 is a section view taken along the line 6-6 in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a plan view detail showing another example of an electrical connection between the printhead dies and external contacts.
FIG. 8 is a section view taken along the line 8-8 in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a plan view detail showing another example of an electrical connection between the printhead dies and external contacts.
FIG. 10 is a section view taken along the line 10-10 in FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating another example of an ink cartridge such as might be used in the printer shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 12 is a perspective front view of a molded printhead assembly such as might be used in the ink cartridge shown in FIG. 11.
FIGS. 13-15 are close up views from FIG. 12 showing one example of an electrical connection between the printhead dies and external contacts.
FIG. 16 is a section view taken along the lines 16-16 in FIG. 13.
FIG. 17 is a section view taken along the line 17-17 in FIG. 12.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an inkjet printer with a media wide print bar implementing another example of a new molded printhead.
FIG. 19 is a perspective front view illustrating one example of a molded print bar with multiple printheads such as might be used in the printer shown in FIG. 18.
FIGS. 20-22 are close up views from FIG. 19 showing one example of an electrical connection between the printhead dies and external contacts.
FIG. 23 is a section view taken along the line 23-23 in FIG. 20.
FIG. 24 is a section view taken along the line 24-24 in FIG. 19.



The same part numbers designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures. The figures are not necessarily to scale. The relative size of some parts is exaggerated to more clearly illustrate the example shown.
DESCRIPTION
Conventional inkjet printheads require fluidic fan-out from microscopic ink ejection chambers to macroscopic ink supply channels. Hewlett-Packard Company has developed new, molded inkjet printheads that break the connection between the size of the die needed for the ejection chambers and the spacing needed for fluidic fan-out, enabling the use of tiny printhead die “slivers” such as those described in international patent application numbers PCT/US2013/046065, filed Jun. 17, 2013 titled Printhead Die, and PCT/US2013/028216, filed Feb. 28, 2013 title Molded Print Bar, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The inexpensive molding that holds the printhead die slivers can also be used as the structural underpinning for interconnect wiring, to support wire bonds, and to enable the use of tape automated bonding (TAB) for connecting to external circuitry.
Accordingly, in one example of a new molded printhead, printhead die slivers are molded into a molding having a channel therein through which fluid may pass directly to a back part of each die sliver. The front part of each die sliver is exposed outside the molding and co-planar with a surface of the molding surrounding the die sliver. Electrical connections are made between the front part of each die sliver and external contacts with conductors formed along the surface of the molding, conductors in a printed circuit board molded into the molding, and/or conductors in a tape automated bond (TAB) circuit affixed to the molding. This and other examples of a molded printhead may be implemented in scanning type printing fluid cartridges and in page wide print bars. However, examples of the new molded printhead are not limited to printing fluid cartridges or page wide print bars, but may be implemented in other structures or assemblies and for other applications. The examples shown in the Figures and described herein, therefore, illustrate but do not limit the invention, which is defined in the Claims following this Description.
As used in this document, a “printhead” and a “printhead die” mean that part of an inkjet printer or other inkjet type dispenser that can dispense fluid from one or more openings. A printhead includes one or more printhead dies. A die “sliver” means a printhead die with a ratio of length to width of 50 or more. “Printhead” and “printhead die” are not limited to printing with ink and other printing fluids but also include inkjet type dispensing of other fluids and/or for uses other than printing.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an inkjet printer 10 with an ink cartridge 12 implementing one example of a molded printhead 14. FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating one example of an ink cartridge 12 such as might be used in the printer 10 shown in FIG. 1. Referring first to FIG. 1, printer 10 includes an ink cartridge 12 carried by a carriage 16 that may be scanned back and forth over a print media 18 to apply ink to media 18 in the desired pattern. In the example shown, cartridge 12 also includes an ink chamber 20 housed together with printhead 14 to receive ink from an external supply 22. In other other examples, the ink supply may be integrated into chamber 20 as part of a self-contained ink cartridge 12. An ink cartridge 12 is also commonly referred to as a printer cartridge or an ink pen. Printer 10 includes a print media transport 24 to move a web or sheet media 18 past ink cartridge 12. A printer controller 26 represents the programming, processor(s) and associated memory(ies), and the electronic circuitry and components needed to control the operative elements of printer 10.
Referring now also to FIG. 2, ink cartridge 12 includes a printhead 14 with four printhead dies 28 embedded in a molding 30 that is supported by a cartridge housing 32. While a single printhead 14 with four dies 28 is shown for ink cartridge 12, other configurations are possible, for example with more printheads 14 each with more or fewer dies 28. Cartridge 12 is fluidically connected to ink supply 22 through an ink port 34 and electrically connected to controller 26 through electrical contacts 36. Contacts 36 are formed in a so-called “flex circuit” 38 affixed to housing 32. Tiny wires (not shown) embedded in flex circuit 38, often referred to as traces or signal traces, connect contacts 36 to corresponding contacts 40 on printhead 14. Ink ejection orifices 42 on each printhead die 28 are exposed through an opening 43 in flex circuit 38 along the bottom of cartridge housing 32.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective front and back views, respectively, of one example of a molded printhead 14 such as might be used in the ink cartridge 12 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 5 is a plan view detail from FIG. 3 and FIG. 6 is a section view taken along the line 6-6 in FIG. 5. Referring to FIGS. 3-6, printhead 14 includes multiple printhead dies 28 embedded in a monolithic molding 30 and channels 45 formed in molding 30 to carry printing fluid directly to the back part of corresponding printhead dies 28. In the example shown, each printhead die 28 is configured as an elongated die sliver such as that described in international patent application no. PCT/US2013/046065, noted above. Die slivers 28 are arranged parallel to one another across the width of printhead 14. Although four die slivers 28 are shown in a parallel configuration, more or fewer dies 28 may be used and/or in a different configuration.
An inkjet printhead die 28 is a typically complex integrated circuit (IC) structure 44 formed on a silicon substrate 46. Ink ejector elements and other components in each printhead IC circuit structure 44 are connected to signal traces in flex circuit 38, and thus to controller 26 (FIGS. 1 and 2), with bond pads or other suitable electrical terminals 48 on each die 28 directly or through substrate 46. Conductors 50 connect terminals 48 to contacts 40 for connection to external circuits. In the example shown in FIGS. 3-6, the front faces 52, 54 of molding 30 and dies 28 form a single uninterrupted planar printhead surface/face 56 surrounding ink ejection orifices 42, and conductors 50 and contacts 40 are formed along molding surface 52. One or both of conductors 50 and contacts 40 may be formed on or in molding surface 52, for example, by sputter deposition, plating, or with a lead frame. Conductors 50 may be covered by an epoxy or other suitable protective material 66 as necessary or desirable to protect the conductors from ink and other potentially damaging environmental conditions. Encapsulant 66 is omitted from FIGS. 2 and 3 and made transparent in FIG. 5 to more clearly show the underlying structures.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are plan and section view details showing another example of an electrical connection between printhead dies 28 and contacts 40 to connect to circuits external to printhead 14. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, in this example external contacts 40 are integrated into a TAB circuit 58 for connecting to flex circuit 38 (FIG. 2) and conductors 50 between contacts 40 and die terminals 48 are formed in two parts—(1) conductors 60 in a printed circuit board (PCB) 62 embedded in molding 30 and (2) bond wires 64 connecting PCB conductors 60 to die terminals 48. A printed circuit board (PCB) is also commonly referred to as a printed circuit assembly (PCA). Bond wires 64 are covered by an epoxy or other suitable protective material 66. A flat cap 68 may be added to form a more flat, lower profile protective covering on bond wires 64. Encapsulant 66 and cap 68 are omitted from FIG. 7 to more clearly show the underlying structures.
PCB 62 provides an inexpensive and adaptable platform for routing conductors 50 in printhead 14. For example, a PCB 62 facilitates the addition of ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) and SMDs (surface mounted devices) to printhead 14. For another example, it may desirable in some implementations to omit TAB circuit 58 and form contacts 40 in PCB 62. The combination of TAB circuit 58 and PCB 62 may be desirable, for example, to accommodate some configurations for die terminals 48 and externals contacts 40 and/or to allow more space for connecting to flex circuit 38 (FIG. 2). Also, while structures other than bond wires 64 may be used to connect the printhead dies to the PCB conductors, bond wire assembly tooling is readily available and easily adapted to the fabrication of printheads 14.
It may be possible in some implementations for molded printheads 14 to use a TAB circuit 58 that includes both contacts 40 and conductors 50, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. In this example, and referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, the bond wires 64 are connected between die terminals 48 and the conductors in TAB circuit 58. Again, encapsulant 66 and cap 68 are omitted from FIG. 9 to more clearly show the underlying structures.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating another example of an ink cartridge 12 such as might be used in the printer 10 shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 11, ink cartridge 12 includes a printhead assembly 70 with four printheads 14 each including four printhead dies 28 embedded in a molding 30 that is supported by cartridge housing 32. While a printhead assembly 70 with four printheads 14 is shown for this example of ink cartridge 12, other configurations are possible, for example with more or fewer printheads 14 each with more or fewer dies 28. Cartridge 12 is fluidically connected to an ink supply 22 (FIG. 1) through an ink port 34 and electrically connected to a controller 26 (FIG. 1) through electrical contacts 36. Contacts 36 are usually formed in a flex circuit 38 affixed to housing 32. Traces in flex circuit 38 connect contacts 36 to corresponding contacts 40 on printhead assembly 70. Ink ejection orifices on each printhead die 28 are exposed through an opening 43 in flex circuit 38 along the bottom of cartridge housing 32.
FIG. 12 is a perspective front view of a molded printhead assembly 70 such as might be used in the ink cartridge 12 shown in FIG. 11. FIGS. 13-15 are close up views from FIG. 12 showing one example of an electrical connection between printhead dies 28 and external contacts 40 in printhead assembly 70. In FIG. 13, the protective coverings on the wire bonds are omitted to show the underlying connections. In FIG. 14, the encapsulant covering the wire bonds is shown. In FIG. 15, the protective cap covering the encapsulant is shown. FIGS. 16 and 17 are section views taken along the lines 16-16 and 17-17 in FIGS. 13 and 12, respectively.
Referring to FIGS. 12-17, printhead assembly 70 includes multiple printheads 14 embedded in a monolithic molding 30 and arranged in a row lengthwise across the print bar in a staggered configuration in which each printhead overlaps an adjacent printhead. Although four printheads 14 are shown in a staggered configuration, more or fewer printheads 14 may be used and/or in a different configuration. Also, while it is expected that a monolithic molding 30 usually will be used, molding 30 could be formed in multiple parts. Each printhead 14 includes printhead dies 28 embedded in molding 30 and channels 45 formed in molding 30 to carry printing fluid directly to the back of corresponding printhead dies 28. Although four dies 28 arranged parallel to one another laterally across molding 30 in each printhead 14 are shown, more or fewer printhead dies 28 and/or in other configurations are possible.
As noted above, the development of the new, molded inkjet printheads has enabled the use of tiny printhead die “slivers” such as those described in international patent application no. PCT/US2013/046065. The molded printhead structures and electrical interconnections described herein are particularly well suited to the implementation of such tiny die slivers 28 in printheads 14. As shown in FIG. 17, the electrical conductors 60 that connect each printhead die 28 to external circuits are routed through a printed circuit board (PCB) 62 surrounding the group of dies 28 in each printhead 14. In the example shown, as best seen in FIGS. 13 and 16, dies 28 in each printhead 14 are positioned in an opening 72 in PCB 62 and molded so that the front face of molding 30, PCB 62, and dies 28 form a single uninterrupted planar surface along ink ejection orifices 42.
PCB conductors 60 carry electrical signals to ejector and/or other elements of each printhead die 28. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 17, PCB conductors 60 are connected to circuitry in each printhead die 28 through bond wires 64. Each bond wire 64 is connected between a bond pad or other suitable terminal 48 at the front part of a die 28 and a terminal 74 on PCB 62. Bond wires 64 are covered by an epoxy or other suitable protective material 66 (FIGS. 14 and 17). A flat cap 68 may be added to form a more flat, lower profile protective covering on bond wires 64. Although other conductor routing configurations are possible, a printed circuit board provides an inexpensive and adaptable platform for conductor routing in molded printheads. Similarly, as noted above, while other configurations may be used to connect the printhead dies to the PCB conductors, bond wire assembly tooling is readily available and easily adapted to the fabrication of printhead assembly 70 and printheads 14.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an inkjet printer 76 with a media wide print bar 78 implementing another example of a molded printhead 14. Referring to FIG. 18, printer 76 includes a print bar 78 spanning the width of a print media 18, flow regulators 80 associated with print bar 78, a media transport mechanism 24, ink or other printing fluid supplies 22, and a printer controller 26. Controller 26 represents the programming, processor(s) and associated memory(ies), and the electronic circuitry and components needed to control the operative elements of a printer 76. Print bar 78 in FIG. 18 includes one or more printheads 14 embedded in a molding 30 spanning print media 18. As described below with reference to FIGS. 19-24, the electrical connections between printhead(s) 14 and the contacts to external circuits are routed through a printed circuit board 62 embedded in molding 30.
FIG. 19 is a perspective front view illustrating a molded print bar 78 with multiple printheads 14 such as might be used in the printer 76 shown in FIG. 18. FIGS. 20-22 are close up views from FIG. 19 showing one example of an electrical connection between printhead dies 28 and external contacts 40. In FIG. 20, the protective coverings on the wire bonds are omitted to show the underlying connections. In FIG. 21, the encapsulant covering the wire bonds is shown. In FIG. 22, the protective cap covering the encapsulant is shown. FIGS. 23 and 24 are section views taken along the lines 23-23 and 24-24 in FIGS. 20 and 19, respectively.
Referring to FIGS. 19-24, print bar 78 includes multiple printheads 14 embedded in a molding 30 and arranged in a row lengthwise across the print bar in a staggered configuration in which each printhead overlaps an adjacent printhead. Although ten printheads 14 are shown in a staggered configuration, more or fewer printheads 14 may be used and/or in a different configuration. Examples are not limited to a media wide print bar. Examples could also be implemented in a scanning type inkjet cartridge or printhead assembly with fewer molded printheads, or even a single molded printhead similar to the one shown in FIG. 3. Each printhead 14 includes printhead dies 28 embedded in molding 30 and channels 45 formed in molding 30 to carry printing fluid directly to the back of corresponding printhead dies 28. Although four dies 28 arranged parallel to one another laterally across molding 30 in each printhead 14 are shown, for printing four different ink colors for example, more or fewer printhead dies 28 and/or in other configurations are possible. As noted above, the molded printhead structures and electrical interconnections described herein are particularly well suited to the implementation of such tiny die slivers 28 in printheads 14.
As shown in FIG. 24, the electrical conductors 60 that connect each printhead die 28 to external circuits are routed through a printed circuit board (PCB) 62 surrounding the group of dies 28 in each printhead 14. As best seen in FIGS. 20 and 23, dies 28 in each printhead 14 are positioned in an opening 78 in PCB 62 and molded so that the front face of molding 30, PCB 62, and dies 28 form a single uninterrupted planar surface along ink ejection orifices 42. PCB conductors 60 carry electrical signals to ejector and/or other elements of each printhead die 28. As shown in FIGS. 20 and 24, PCB conductors 60 are connected to circuitry in each printhead die 28 through bond wires 64. Each bond wire 64 is connected between a bond pad or other suitable terminal 48 at the front part of a die 28 and a terminal 80 on PCB 62. PCB terminals 80 may be exposed in a recess 82 in the PCB, as shown, to help make a more flat, lower profile face to facilitate servicing dies 28. Bond wires 64 are covered by an epoxy or other suitable protective material 66. A flat cap 68 may be added to form a more flat, lower profile protective covering on bond wires 64.
“A” and “an” as used in the Claims means one or more.
As noted at the beginning of this Description, the examples shown in the figures and described above illustrate but do not limit the invention. Other examples are possible. Therefore, the foregoing description should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined in the following claims.

## Claims

1. A printhead, comprising:
a molding having a channel therein;
a printhead die molded in the molding such that the molding covers a back and sides of the die, the die having a ratio of length to width of at least 50, the die also having a front part exposed outside the molding along which fluid may be dispensed from the die, the channel of the molding being fluidly connected to a back part of the die such that fluid may pass directly to the back part of the die, and the back part of the die covered by the molding except at the channel;
electrical contacts to connect to circuitry external to the printhead; and
electrical connections between terminals at the front part of the die and the contacts.

2. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the front part of the die is co-planar with a surface of the molding surrounding the die.

3. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the electrical connections include conductors along a surface of the molding.

4. The printhead of claim 3, wherein the printhead die is positioned in an opening of the printed circuit board.

5. The printhead of claim 3, wherein the molding, the printhead die, and the printed circuit board form a single uninterrupted planar surface.

6. The printhead of claim 1, further comprising a printed circuit board molded into the molding and wherein the electrical connections include conductors in the printed circuit board.

7. The printhead of claim 6, wherein the contacts are a part of a tape automated bond circuit.

8. The printhead of claim 6, wherein each connection includes a bond wire connecting a terminal on the printhead die to a conductor in the printed circuit board.

9. The printhead of claim 6, wherein the printed circuit board surrounds the die.

10. The printhead of claim 1, further comprising a tape automated bond circuit affixed to the molding and wherein electrical contacts are part of the tape automated bond circuit and the electrical connections include conductors in the tape automated bond circuit.

11. The printhead of claim 10, wherein each terminal is connected to a conductor in the tape automated bond circuit with a bond wire.

12. The printhead of claim 1, wherein:
the printhead die comprises multiple printhead die slivers arranged parallel to one another laterally across the molding; and
the channel comprises multiple channels each through which fluid may pass directly to the back part of a corresponding one of the die slivers.

13. The printhead of claim 1, wherein the printhead die comprises multiple printhead dies arranged generally end to end along the molding in a staggered configuration in which one or more of the dies overlaps an adjacent one or more of the dies.

14. The printhead of claim 1, wherein front faces of the molding and the printhead die form a single uninterrupted planar surface.

15. A printing fluid cartridge, comprising:
a container to contain a printing fluid; and
a printhead that includes:
a printhead die sliver having a ratio of length to width of at least 50, the printhead die sliver being molded in a monolithic molding mounted to the container, the molding covering a back and sides of the die sliver leaving a front of the die sliver exposed along a front face of the die sliver and a front face of the molding surrounding the front face of the die sliver, the molding having an opening therein through which fluid may pass to a back part of the die sliver;
electrical printhead contacts to connect to circuitry external to the printhead; and
electrical connections between terminals at the front part of the die and the printhead contacts.

16. The cartridge of claim 15, wherein;
the die sliver comprises multiple die slivers arranged parallel to one another laterally across the molding along a bottom part of the container; and
the opening comprises multiple elongated channels each positioned at the back part of a corresponding one of the die slivers.

17. The cartridge of claim 15, wherein the multiple printhead die slivers arrange generally end to end along the molding in a staggered configuration in which one or more of the die slivers overlaps an adjacent one or more of the die slivers.

18. The cartridge of claim 15, wherein the electrical connections include one or more of:
conductors along the surface of the molding;
conductors in a printed circuit board molded into the molding; and
conductors in a tape automated bond circuit affixed to the molding.

19. A print bar, comprising multiple printhead dies embedded in a molding with electrical conductors that extend from a front part of each of the dies to an electrical contact, the dies and the molding together defining an exposed planar surface surrounding dispensing orifices at the front part of each of the dies and the molding having a channel therein through which fluid may pass to a back part of the dies, and wherein the electrical conductors include one more of:
the conductors along the surface of the molding;
the conductors in a printed circuit board molded into the molding; and
the conductors in a tape automated bond circuit affixed to the molding.

20. The print bar of claim 19, wherein each printhead die comprises a printhead die sliver and the die slivers are arranged generally end to end along the molding in a staggered configuration in which one or more of the die slivers overlaps an adjacent one or more of the die slivers.