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Copy L.of 

To: FILE Date: 25 February 1969 

Subject: Review Comments of the EK From: G. D. McGhee 

Engineering Analysis Report, 

dated 27 November 1968 

The subject Engineering Analysis Report (EAR) has been reviewed 

by Aerospace. This report was given wide circulation among those 

involved in MOL support at Aerospace. Comments were solicited from 

each reviewer. Those comments requiring discussion with the contractor 

were in turn reviewed with EK personnel in a meeting held at the EK 601 

facility on 29 January 1969. Participants in the review with EK were 

Lloyd Watson, Aerospace and Victor Vinkey and Steve White, EK. Others 

at EK were consulted as necessary during the meeting. 

Attached is a summary of all comments received in-house, organized 

by the EAR paragraph to which the comment applies. After each comment, 

a disposition or action status is given. If there are discrepancies between 

these and your records, or if you desire to add further details or clarification, please contact Lloyd Watson, Extensa ' 86512. 

AGDM ida J . D. cGhee 

HANDLE ViA BYEMAN 

CONTROL SYSTEM ONLY pgcRET .00I4IAN MAR 1 3 1969 

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SUMMARY OFEAR COMMENTS REVIEW MEETING 

BETWEEN EASTMAN KODAK AND AEROSPACE ON 29 JAN 69 

GENERAL COMMENTS 

The 27 November 1968 issue of the EAR was informative and 

helped materially in updating the customer as to the technical achievements and engineering progress which EK has made during the time 

period covered by this report. In many areas, however, there was not 

sufficient analytical or technical detail to substantiate data presented. 

In order to avoid lengthly appendices, the following is recommended 

by Aerospace: 

In future issues where data are presented resulting from analyses 

or other justification that is not included, then EK should show by 

footnote or other reference notation the source of such data. These 

references will include all such studies, analyses and reports whether 

deliverable or not and will be made available for review by appropriate 

Aerospace/SO personnel. 

If this is not acceptable by Eastman Kodak, then it is requested that 

the appendices be expanded to include all pertinent analytical details. 

OPEN - After reviewing with EK Program Management, it was 

stated that as a matter of policy, they did not want to reference any 

"in-house" reports not generated as deliverable items. However, if 

specific analyses or reports were completed, these could be reviewed 

at EK. EK further stated that to include all supporting analyses in the 

EAR would, in their opinion, make the document too large and cumbersome. 

It is EK's current practice to make each EAR issue complete in 

its own right. This then requires that much of the material presented be 

redundant, being a duplicate of that presented in the previous issue. The 

reviewer must then try to sort out the new inputs and ascertain its 

significance. This appears to be inefficient and wasteful from all standpoints. It is therefore recommended that the report be issued such that 

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pages or sections can be replaced or new sections added whenever 

significant changes or progress warrant. This would immediately 

call to attention what is new information and show immediately the 

significant progress being made. 

EK stated that this is contrary to their present concept of the 

report and prefer to issue it as a complete document each time. They 

believe that updating by change sheets or sections might prove to be 

more time consuming than re-issuing the entire document. However, 

they will investigate a way to highlight new or changed information. 

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SECTION 1 

FLIGHT CONFIGURATION AND MISSION DESCRIPTION 

1.1.1 Titan III -M 

This paragraph states erroneously that the T-III-M has a liquid 

fueled transtage. This will be corrected in the next issue. 

1.2 Objective and Mission Description 

1.2.3 Mission Requirements and Constraints 

e. Beta Angle 

EK should clarify the impact on their performance or design 

due to the + 60o Beta angle since Beta is normally a design 

requirement on DAC and GE. 

The Beta angle is important to EK since it is one of the factors 

which determines the temperature profile of the TM, TM bay, 

and COA. This influences their specifications for thermal coatings, 

hotdogging, etc. 

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SECTION 2 

FLIGHT CONFIGURATION AND MISSION DESCRIPTION 

2. 1 Requirements of the Photographic Mission 

2. 1. 2. 1 Photo-Optical Quality 

The statement that the resolution requirement is 

"geometric mean" should be clarified to indicate geometric mean 

of what. (Although it is understood by us, it is unclear by itself). 

This will be clarified in subsequent issues. It is the geometric 

mean of the major and minor axis performance. 

2. 1. 2. 3 Visual Optics (VO) 

This sub-section, page 2-4 is missing from some copies. 

The last sentence of the first paragraph is confusing in the 

definition of "photographic sequence." If the sequence refers to 

the exposure cycle of a specific frame, magnification changes 

should be constrained. If the sequence refers to several frames 

in a group, there is no such constraint stated. We should not 

endorse such a constraint since it removes flight-crew operational 

flexibility. EK is requested to elaborate. 

The intent is to minimize smear contributors. The "photographic 

sequence" is meant to be a target photographic sequence. This and 

EK's recommendations will be clarified in the next EAR. 

The angular resolution requirement stated is 

presumably in the apparent field, but it should be stated. 

It is the apparent field and this will be so stated in the next issue. 

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2.2.2 Automatic Mode 

The mission module is not literally identical for both types of 

flights (e.g. , EK's door open sensor on AM birds). 

EK will investigate the rationale for this and report in next issue. 

2.2.3 Operational Capabilities 

The EAR briefly discusses the possible combinations of primary 

and secondary film in a 10 exposure series. 

While it is recognized that the looper film load is depleted when 

10 frames are exposed at 1 frame/second, no data on total frames 

possible in sequence versus frame-rate has been submitted. There 

seems to be considerable uncertainty between individuals at EK 

about this; therefore, EK is requested to clarify and submit the 

appropriate data in the next EAR issue. 

Frame rate and total number of frames per target is optional 

Table 2.3-1 shows some expected "typical exposure sequence" 

for a MOL/Dorian mission. EK will further clarify in the next EAR. 

Reference is made to Para. 2.4.2.3, which is non-existent in the 

present EAR. 

This was in error. The proper reference should be Para. 2.4.7.1.5. 

Haze condition changes due to changes in obliquity angle should also 

be considered in exposure programming. 

EK believes these effects are small, can be neglected and would 

fall well within the ± 1 stop exposure range. 

As there are only two frames of secondary film available, exposure 

considerations are most important. It is suggested that nominal 

or one stop under exposure be used to minimize the uncompensated 

smear. 

EK will investigate and make appropriate recommendations at a 

later date. 

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The citation of 5 sec. intervals between targets represents a design 

maximum. Is this an EK policy recommendation for universal 

application? It is not a universal operating necessity. 

EK will change in the next issue to show that this is a maximum 

value. The hardware is not constrained to 5 seconds every case. 

The limitation of exposure bracketing to ±1 conflicts with hardware features incorporated by EK (several exposure steps at 

half-stop intervals). EK is requested to clarify this impact on 

operational usage. 

EK will recommend that the requirement of para. 2.3.4 of the 

SOW be changed to ±1 step rather than ± 1 stop. Supporting data 

will be submitted. 

2.3 Mission Operations (Manned/Automatic Mode) 

Figure 2.2-1 angles should be revised in the next issue. They 

are not consistent with present SP/DR requirements. 

Due to out-off date of this EAR, the changes were not made. These 

will be corrected in the next EAR issue. 

2.3.2.3.1 Focus Sensing and Correction 

Some comment or rationale for choosing to use primary mirror 

movement vs. RFD change could clarify presentation. 

Some recognition that the ground path for focus sensing is 

constrained seems desirable. 

This will be clarified in the next issue. 

2.3.3.2 Target Sequences, Table 2.3-1 

EK's recommendation for a "multiplicative correction factor" 

has not been accepted by the AF SO. This should be clarified. 

EK will show this to be their recommendation. 

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2.4 Photographic Performance Considerations 

2.4.3.1.2 The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) 

To be in keeping with the current accepted practice and 

terminology, there is a distinction between optical transfer 

function (OTF) and modulation transfer function (MTF). 

It is not clear whether EK is using MTF or OTF (although 

MTF is stated). The performance prediction should be based 

on the OTF. It is expected that the results will be essentially 

the same for this particular optical system. 

EK is aware of this recent change in terminology and will be 

consistent with current accepted practices. 

2.4.3.1.3 Effect of Aperture Vignetting and Obstruction 

Since the total obstruction of the primary mirror is substantially 

greater than the specified central obstruction (17.2 percent vs. 

12.7 percent), EK is requested to show the effect on system 

performance (OTF) for both cases. 

This comparison will be shown in the next issue. 

Also, there may be significant vignetting by the Newtonian 

diagonal as a function of tracking mirror (TM) pitch and roll. 

EK is also requested to show the projected aperture at the 

planes of the Newtonian diagonal, Ross diagonal, first Rosscorrector element and the main pellicle. 

Table 2.4-1 shows the TM projection at a plane normal to the 

PM optical axis. Since the pitch axis is not at the front surface 

of the TM, the line-of-sight center moves at the PM as a function 

of stereo angle as indicated by the column designated "Offset." 

Since this occurs, it is expected that the major axis radius (Column 2) 

will be vignetted by the primary mirror and will only actually be 

35.00 inches at the -40° stereo angle. The vignetting undoubtedly 

will be quite small, but this table shows 2 decimal accuracy, thus 

EK is requested to show the actual cases. 

This will be re-checked and if a correction is in order it will be 

made foi the next issue. 

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2.4.3.2.1 Residual Aberrations 

Table 2.4-2 lists the wavelengths and weighting factors used for 

the heterochromatic on MTF analyses. Since these are not 

equally spaced, EK is requested to explain their selection of 

wavelengths and given details of how the weighting factors were 

determined. 

EK may make some clarification; however, the level of detail 

may be greater than is planned. Tentatively, reference was to 

have been made to the EK in-house memorandum. It will be 

necessary for Aerospace to request this information by TWX, 

etc. , or review at EK. 

2.4.3.3, Veiling Glare 

In the next EAR, the effect of veiling glare at-other than nadir 

should be treated by EK. 

2.4.4.2 Focus Budget 

Because of the large number of error contributors in the focus 

budget, EK is requested to report status (from measured data) 

on each item on a regular basis in the EAR's. 

EK will report in the Performance Analysis Report per 3.1.6 

of the SOW. 

2.4.5.3 Resolution Loss Related to Equivalent Primary Mirror Tilt 

Equivalent primary mirror tilt is a very special kind of description 

of wavefront error. It is still not clear how the wavefront abbrration 

due to misalignment between the optical axes of the Ross-corrector 

assembly and the primary mirror can accurately be represented 

by primary mirror tilt. EK is requested to deal with this in more 

detail. It may be that an RMS wavefront error tolerance should 

be given for misalignment and budget this between tilt and decentering. 

EK will clarify what is meant and intended by "equivalent". An OQF 

value may be given. 

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Figure 2.4-10 which gives resolution as equivalent primary mirror 

tilt assumes 1/180 second exposure time. 1/165 second is the 

current estimated exposure time for nominal conditions. The curve 

should be corrected to reflect the correct exposure time. 

EK will change in the next issue. 

2 4.7.1.3 Effective Lens Transmittance 

The "effective on-axis" lens transmittance given by "T" in 

this section is a very special transmittance. It is for the nadir 

case, for a particular solar altitude (30 degrees), for a special 

spectral scene content and the spectral sensitivity of 3404 film. 

Thus, T will vary as a function of any of these variables, 

including pointing angle. Figure 2.4-12 describes T( X). It 

is requested that EK supply like curves for W(X) and S(X) as 

well. The details of this analysis should be reviewed with EK 

so that we have a more complete understanding of the impact 

that this variable T has on exposure time. Also, in the next 

issue, they are requested to show how T varies with solar 

altitude, and with look angle (pitch and roll of the TM) taking 

into account possible vignetting by the Newtonian diagonal 

mirror as a function of pitch and roll of the TM. 

EK will supply the W( X) and S(X) curves in the next EAR. The 

details of the analysis can be reviewed at EK or be an agenda 

item on a technical review meeting. The variation of T with 

solar altitude, etc. will be investigated and reported if 

possible in the next EAR. 

2.4.7.4 Effect of Time Dependent Factors on Performance 

We should review with EK their data the substantiates the film 

threshold modulation curve now being used.. 

This has been acomplished in a meeting with G. Keene at EK. 

He will report additional data as it becomes available. 

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2.6 Data Return 

The information in this section consists of descriptive text 

designed to illustrate the data retrieval scheme for the program. 

It lacks detailed technical content except for a discussion of 

film types, footage and weight which is correct. Figure 2. 6-

is especially useful in becoming familiar with secondary film 

handling and processing. 

If needed, additional detail-should be o-btaincd by-direet contact 

with appropriate persons at EK, or as part of a technical review 

meeting. 

No mention is made of the requirement for water-tightness or 

handle reversal. 

This will be corrected in the next EAR issue. 

2. 6.1. 3 Data Return Containers 

There is no explanation given as to all the environments the 

DRC's will experience nor how the contractor expects to cope 

with those metnioned. The design criteria for the DRC's 

could have a broad impact on many system parameters (as the 

number of repressurizations required for the Gemini B) it is 

necessary that a handling philosophy covering the complete life 

of the DRC's be developed. 

This section will be expanded in the next EAR. In the meantime, 

specific information should be requested by TWX. 

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SECTION 4 

DESIGN 

4.1.1 Optical Performance Parameters 

The Optical configuration schematic of Figure 4.1-1 is not of 

sufficient detail to be useful. EK is requested to update this 

schematic to show actual dimensions, angles, clear apertures 

and tolerances. 

Schematic diagrams with additional detail similar to F-024496-DH 

will be scheduled in following issues. 

On-Axis Aberratiohg' 

The data reported for on-axis aberrations is not adequate for a 

detailed examination of these effects. It is requested that EK 

supply more complete data from their analyses (on and off axis) 

which show spot diagrams, secondary spectrum effects, more 

precise aberration curves and more precise OTF curves (both 

mono-chromatic and hetero-chromatic) so that these effects can 

be studied. New systems are being proposed which reportedly 

have improved aberration characteristics, but the present system 

is not adequately understood. 

EK believes that the present on-axis treatment is adequate for 

the EAR. They will show off-axis aberration curves in the next 

issue. More detailed data should be by TWX or through a 

technical review or working group meeting. 

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4.1.12 Lens Obstruction and Vignetting 

Mention is made of the vignetting by the TM, the Newtonian 

diagnal and mount and the alignment sensor; there may be 

additional vignetting caused by other components or by TM pointing 

angle. EK is requested to show in the next EAR issue when and 

where vignetting occurs, the extent of the vignetting and its effect 

upon photographic performance (resolution, exposure, field 

uniformity, etc.). 

Thig will be reported either in the next EAR or MPS Performance 

Prediction Report. 

4.1.2 Primary Optics Design 

The method of attaching the optical components to their mounting 

structures involves the use of potting compounds and specially 

designed structures. The details of this have not been reported. 

EK is requested to report on this part of their design in detail 

and present test data to show that the dimensional tolerances can 

be maintained throughout the various environments required of the 

Dorian system, and that there are no residual stresses or strains 

which will introduce figure distortions. 

OPEN - It was not decided how best to resolve this problem. 

Proably should be a topic on a technical review meeting or a 

special working group session. 

4.1.2.1 Mirrors 

The last paragraph of this section states that by reducing the test 

measurement uncertainty, the total goal OQF of will be obtained. 

Although it is recognized that greater test accuracy may permit 

better manufacturing, it does not guarantee it. Since the entire 

area of optical manufacturing and testing is very critical to the 

Dorian system performance, it is requested that EK review in depth the 

status of their manufacturing and testing with AF SO and Aerospace 

and report status of both on a regular (bi-monthly) basis, giving 

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progress summaries in each EAR. 

Large glass status is presently being reported by TWX and in 

monthly progress reports. 

Also, it is requested that EK show an error analysis of each 

critical test method for components and subassemblies, point out 

problem areas, and show that it is possible to meet the test 

accuracies required for the ■OQF (including data reduction 

uncertainties) and how he intends to improve the test accuracy 

and manufacturing techniques to achievellilOQF. 

This will be tabulated in the next EAR issue. 

From the data presented in Table 4.1-2, it is not clear what the 

basis for the selection of material for the mirror was. The 

selection of Titanium Silicate (ULE) for the primary, Ross and 

Newtonian mirrors and its possible selection for the tracking 

mirror appears to be inconsistent with the optimum rigidity for a 

given weight concept advocated by the cnntractor. The data presented 

in Table 4.1-2 indicates that for a given weight Cer -vit would be 

considerably stiffer than ULE, the data presented in Table 4.1-1 

indicating that a Cer-vit mirror would be heavier than ULE may 

be somewhat misleading in that the Cer-vit mirror is considerably 

stiffer. EK is requested to clarify his recommendations for his 

choice of materials. 

This will be elaborated on in the next EAR issue. 

4.1.2.2.1. Optical Quality Surface Contributions 

Since EK states that the tolerances for power, thickness and 

mounting variations for the Ross elements are sufficiently tight 

so that the elements contribute no loss in optical quality; it is 

requested that they show how these accuracies are obtained and 

maintained and what the associated uncertairafeIE are. In addition, 

it is requested that Table 4.1-6 be updated to show current status 

and another table prepared to show status of the various Ross 

assemblies in meeting required manufacturing tolerances. 

OPEN 

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4.1. 3. 2 Mirror Launch Locks 

This EAR contained the old linkage-type launch lock design as 

the principal exhibit. The new launch lock which EK has been 

directed to pursue was presented as the design to use if Cer-vit 

mirrors are used. Additional information describing the launch 

locks is needed. The scale of the drawings is too small and 

there is an insufficient number of them to truly understand the 

mechanism; the written description of the development tests 

conducted to evaluate the design omits such important aspects 

as the severity of the tests, environment in which the tests were 

conducted and the relationship of the tests to the anticipated 

failure modes. 

EK will furnish additional detail in the next EAR. Design and 

test data are available for review at EK or may be requested by 

TWX. 

4.1. 3. 2. 3 Mirror Launch-Lock Control 

No mention is made of the requirement for single failure protection, 

EK is requested to clarify the status of this and indicate how this 

requirement is being met. 

EK will investigate. 

4. 1.4 Lens Alignment Description 

To verify alignment claims design details of alignment systems 

and their performance analyses are needed. EK is requested 

to provide a more complete description of this system in separate 

memorandum. 

This information should be requested by TWX. 

No lamp redundancy is indicated. EK is requested to clarify 

whether redundancy is planned and if not state expected lifetime 

of the lamp, showing systems performance impact if light fails. 

Lifetime studies of the lamp are in progress, the results will 

be reported at a later date. 

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4.1. 4. 1 One-g Zero-g Alignment Corrections 

This section calls out tolerance of 20 arc seconds in conflict with 

14 arc seconds (2-sigma) cited in paragraph for which reference 

is made. 

The 20 arc seconds is a SOW requirement. The 14 arc seconds 

is the design capability. 

4.1 4. 2 Alignment Control 

Figure 4.1-17 - Several labels are missing (believed to be optical 

micrometers and sensor). To adequately represent the total 

system block, more blocks are needed (Minimally, add another 

detector). The encoder is a detector. No indication shown of 

visual (crew) access to status display or focal plane. Additional 

information in text or figure as to nature or location of light 

sources employed would be desirable. 

The figure will be completed. The two empty boxes on the left 

should be entitled, "Tilt Plane", the two in the center "Encoder." 

Additional information on the light source will be shown in the 

next EAR. 

4. 2 Structural Assemblies and Mounts 

There is no Change from the previous EAR. A good description of 

the structure and physical assembly of the COA is present, but 

only a cursory description of load paths through the structure is 

given. It is requested that EK provide detailed technical data 

and a technical discussion of the load cycle effort or requirements. 

These details will be contained in the 4th load cycle report. A 

summary will be contained in the next EAR. 

4. 2. 2 Optical Support Structure 

It has come to our attention that the mechanical and thermal 

properties of Invar may vary from batch to batch; it is recommended 

that all Invar components in any one structure be taken from the 

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same melt and their properties determined by test. 

Carpenter Steel Technical Data Sheet of 5/66 indicates a 

variation in the coefficient of expansion at room temperature of 

19% from low to high values; it is our opinion that there would 

be another variation in different shapes as plate, sheet or tubing. 

EK has been investigating these properties. Appropriate 

consideration will be given. 

4. 3 Visual Optics 

The description of the visual optics system is insufficient detail 

to permit a design analysis. It is again requested that pertinent 

detail along with the optical perscription for this system be 

submitted (separate memorandum and referenced in the EAR) 

for SO /Aerospace review. 

Aerospace will request this information by TWX. 

The resolution performance desired is not given in this report. 

It is requested that EK state their design objectives. 

This will be reported in next EAR issue. 

4. 3. 2 Design Considerations 

4. 3. 3 Hardware Description 

4. 3. 3.1. 3 Variable Power Relays 

The magnification ratios of the relays as stated here may be 

in error. Without having more detail, it would seem that one 

relay would have to have magnifications in the ratio of 2 to 1 

and the other of 4 to 1 in order to achieve the individual magnifications required. 

The report was in error and should have been as stated above. 

This will be corrected. 

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4. 3. 5 Electrical Control 

The data and information presented is not sufficient for detailed 

analysis. It is recommended that EK provide the following 

information and update as required in future EAR issues: 

- 1. Electrical schematics which will portray the intended 

system operation in some detail. The block diagrams 

are not adequate. 

2. Motors - including servos - information 

Number of motors of a partinular type. 

Location. 

Why chosen for the function it performs. 

- Other information such as whether it is: 

- Brushless D.C. or brush type. 

- If environmentally sealed and' to what extent. 

- If EMI suppressed. 

- Also, qualification status , power rating and any special 

characteristics. 

3. Relays 

How many of what type and where in the system being 

described. 

- Qualification status and any special characteritics. 

4. Circuit Breakers 

Distribution and rating of circuit breakers if any. 

- Qualification status. 

- Any other special characteristics such as hermetic 

seals, trip time, etc. 

5. Interfaces for electrical controls and control characteristics 

should be included for at least all primary interface functions. 

EK 'believes that this is too much detail for the "EAR. Aeros_ace 

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should review this in a special working group, or technical review 

meeting. Specific information may be requested by TWX. 

4.4 Camera Assembly 

4.4.4 Shutter 

4.4.4.3 Hardware Description 

The EAR does not elaborate on curtain acceleration or 

deceleration in order to provide acceptable tolerances given 

for slit velocity variations. 

EK will expand on this in the next EAR. 

4. 4. 5.3 Interchange of Platens 

Platen assembly interchange of not more than two frames of 

secondary film during any one sequence, can be commanded in 

series or separated by primary film exposures. 

EK is requested to show (not by analog computer) at the earliest 

possible time that the capability of inserting the s econdary platen 

at the beginning or anywhere during the sequence and again 

reinserting (i. e. , first frame and nadir) without upsetting the 

stability of the photographic system. 

This information will be included in the Performance Prediction 

4.4.8 

Report. 

Focus Sensor 

4.4.8.2 Principle of Focus Sensor O•eration 

Figure 4.4-15 indicates that the focus sensor operates open loop; 

i.,e„ the photocell and its electronics indicate a certain displacement 

of the platen is required. The system has no monitoring to determine 

if this displacement actually occurs. EK is requested to clarify. 

The platen position indicat©r should give sufficient verification. 

The next EAR will so note. 

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Also, they should indicate what signal to noise ratio studies of 

the system have been made and report these results. They are 

further requested to show why they require three minutes operation 

time to get a reliable reading. Those who have seen the system 

operate may understand the problem, but it should be outlined 

in the report. 

EK will summarize what data is available in the next EAR. It 

is believed that the 3 minutes operating time requirement is 

erroneous. This will be investigated and clarified. 

4. 5 Film Handling 

4. 5. 2 Design 

4. 5. 2.1 Configuration 

This paragraph states that after loading each DRC, it will be 

transferred to the Gemini B as soon as possible. At present, 

there are no plans to repressurize the Gemini this often. EK 

should clarify this procedure. 

EK will investigate and indicate in the next EAR where and how 

DRC's will be temporarily stored until transf erred to Gemini B. 

4. 6 Environmental Control 

4.6.1.1 Requirements (Also applies to para. 4.6.1.2) 

There are no specific contamination values specified for either 

particulates or condensible oils and volatiles. Until these values 

are specified, it is not possible to realistically specify cleanliness. 

This problem is under investigation and the results will be 

reported soon as available, Appropriate specifications will be 

recommended and the EAR updated accordingly. 

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rp 

4 1.3.1.1 Primary and Tracking Mirror Mounts 

The contractor has established V200 as the tolerable limit for 

mirror distortion due to the flexures although neither the 

location of this distortion nor its area are specified. We 

assume that this criteria is valid and has a reasonable margin 

of safety associated with it. From the data presented in 

Figures 4.1-7 and 4.1-8, it appears that the size of the 

flexures has been selected on the batis of:-their.structural 

capability and not the distortion produced in the mirrors. 

In addition to removing the strain gage transducers, the 

contractor might increase the flexure diameter to obtain a 

stiffer system. 

The flexure stiffness values in this section do not ieflect the 

recent direction that the stiffness be increased. 

The data presented was on the old flexure design. The 

next EAR will be updated and data presented for the new 

design. In the meantime, specific information may be 

requested by TWX or the design reviewed at EK. 

-S-EG-RET-- DORIAN 
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4. 6.1. 3 Pre-Launch Environmental Control 

First sentence of the first paragraph in p. 4-177 contains 

incorrect requirements (IFS 101.2. 6). EK should correct to 

read: 

".... a proceddre for ground conditioning was established 

which requires that prior to L-10 days, the MES is 

controlled to 70 + 5° F. From L-10 to MES breakup, 

the MES is controlled to 65 + 5° F, and flight heaters 

are used to trim the system to 70° F. 

This correction will be made. 

4.6. 3.4 Laboratory Module Components 

Although a comprehensive and adequate discussion of the eitvirorkmental control system was presented, there is a complete lack 

of descriptive data for the EK LM components, (processor/viewer, 

film handling, etc.) including requirements. EK is requested to 

supply similar data for these as was supplied for the mirror 

gradient control, thermal coating specifications, insulation 

blanket configuration, etc. These should include such physical 

requirements as humidity, temperature, pressure, etc. 

EK will expand this section in the next EAR. 

4. 7 On-Board Processor 

4.7.1 General 

EK is requested to clarify the allocation between secondary and 

primary film footage. 

Nowhere is there stated a requirement on the presence or 

lack of "holidays" in the resulting imagery. 

This is part of the overall degradation permitted compared to 

ground processing, and will be taken into account accordingly. 

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E)ORIAN 

4.7.2 Requirements 

EK is requested to report keeping or "shelf life" data for the 

imbibed bimat to show that the 30-day mission plus ground 

time requirement can be met. This will include the effect on 

processing, including speed, gamma, density and resolution 

variation as a function of keeping time from appropriate tests. 

There is data presently available. This will be summarized 

in the next EAR. 

In addition, EK is requested to report here or in Section 8 any 

human toxicity or allergy effects of the bimat imbibant fumes 

or from the drying agent of these chemicals with other components outside of the processor. They are requested to clarify 

what the expected contamination level to the LM atmosphere is 

from these sources. 

OPEN. Contamination sources are currently being investigated. 

4.7.4.4 Film Dryer 

A redirection of circulation to dry bimat on drum is indicated. 

EK is requested to show what prevents excess loss to lab 

atmosphere due to door opeiaing for retrieval of processed film, 

and the extent of contamination expected. 

Essentially this is a closed system. The expectedloss of bimat 

chemicals to the lab atmosphere will be investigated as part 

of EK's contamination studies. 
4. 9 Electrical Design 

The detail of the schematic shown in Figure 4.9-1 is not sufficient 

for an adequate analysis. EK is requested to update this 

figure as follows: 

1. Show what control signals go to the various units; 

2. Clarify the interface called out by indicating between 

what and whom; 

This will be shown in next EAR. 

3. Indicate where and what the electrical system protection is; 

This will be covered in next EAR. 

4. Instrumentation type, i. e. , press. , temp. , freq. , accel. 

This should be covered in separate working group meeting. 

4. 9. 1 Power 

4. 9.1. 4 Fusing 

EK is requested to furnish additional information in the following 

areas: 

1. Fuse sizing criteria for particular loads. 

2. Which buses are circuit breaker-controlled and how is 

non-mission essential unit tied to particular bus and load? 

3. Fust versus circuit breaker open-trip characteristics. 

4. The VO power bus fusing criteria for wire protection 

(from the LMPU to VO assembly). 

5. Which buses depend on other LM or GE bus protection and 

how is this tied in with local load protection? 

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6. Which fuses can be replaced or cannot be replaced? 

7. Philosophy behind the use of fuses to protect wiring rather, 

than using circuit breakers for wiring protection and 

phases for load protection. 

EK believes this is too -much detail for present intent of the EAR. 

The additional data desired should be obtained through technical 

review or working group meetings. Where practical, data can 

be requested by TWX. 

4. 9. 2 Commands 

Additional detail and data is required for both these sections. 

EK is requested to provide the following: 

1. Electrical schematics (as a part of the EAR or separately 

and referenced in the EAR). 

2. Hardware data, development and qualification status, 

3. Development testing for particular environmental requirements such as 30-day thermal vacuum life test. 

4. Information and planning on electrical power and signal 

distribution should be included. 

The planned routing of wiring and cabling to meet 

the EMC requirements and any other considerations 

have not been included in this report. 

The types of wire, connectors, cable ties and harness 

design and acceptance testing details have not been 

included. 
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5. The nature of the incorporated redundancies and the failure 

modes to include transistor switch for controlled current 

rise and fall time, the transistor failure mode and consequence, and also describe the variations in the concept 

of a multiple bus and backup bus. 

EK. helieves this is too much detail for present intent of 

the EAR. The additional data desired should be obtained 

through technical review or working group meetings. Where 

practical, data can be requested by TWX. 

EK is requested to clarify: 

1. What the EMI considerations are that limit the voltage and 

current switching to 5 volts at 5 mg or less. These 

should be enumerated. 

2. How the commands are verified. 

EK believes this is too much detail for present intent of 

the EAR. The additional data desired should be obtained 

through tec hnical review or working group meetings. Where 

practical, data can be requested by TWX. 

4. 9. 3 Instrumentation 

A schematic of the instrumentation system would greatly 

clarify this section. The locations, range and response of 

transducers and interfaces with GE and/or DAC should be 

included. EK is requested to update this section accordingly. 

OPEN. This will be investigated to see ifpractical to do so. 
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4. 9. 4 Electromagnetic Compatibility 

This subject should be covered in considerably more detail. 

It does not give a sufficient system description for EMI control. 

EK is requested to provide additional detail showing how the 

rate of current change in switching primary power is limited 

in particular cases to 30,000 amps/sec or how the interference 

levels within components will correspond to hardswitched 

5 volts, 5 ma., or what is an appropriate EMI filter and where 

it is used. Bonding requirements are established and the 

report should include the implementation method. 

Controlling interference generated by circuits/parts whose 

nature of operation requires rates-of-current change higher 

than that which will meet the required EMI limits by use of 

appropriate EMI filters will be an impressive accomplishment. 

The use of an appropriate filter will reduce the rise time to 

some lower levels of rates of current change to reduce the EMI. 

If there are circuits whose nature of operation requires higher 

rates of current change than normally acceptable, then in all 

probability the EMI result will be higher than normally acceptable 

unless the associated circuitry is not susceptible to the generated 

EMI. 

Status of EMI design based on breadboard during component design 

is not acceptable. EMI qualification acceptance must be based 

on final design test of article in final configuration. 

Susceptibility controls should include shielding prac tices, wiring/ 

cables and component structures (equipment chassis, casings, 

housings). Decoupling networks should be elaborated on. 
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Diode suppression and solid state switch (ramp control for rise 

time) have not been included although they are part of the system. 

OPEN. This will be reviewed. Additional detail may be possible in 

next EAR issue. However, much of this probably should be 

covered in technical review or war king group meetings. 
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VOLUME 2 

SECTION 6 

6. 1 Optical Tests 

The area of optical testing, including techniques, instrumentation, 

data reduction and interpretation is too large to be covered in 

detail in the EAR. Except for one or two exceptions, specific 

comments with regard to the content of this section will not be 

made. Because of the importance of optical testing and the 

recognized difficulty involved, the following is proposed: 

A specific task force be established to review the optical test 

methods and instrumentation in detail. This review to be 

conducted during the next six months and a follow-on effort 

continued for the duration of the program. During the first 

six-month period, EK would provide complete details 

(schematics, drawings, optical configurations, instrumentations, 

data analyses, etc.) of each major test method, and provide a 

comprehensive error budget analyses for each,taking into 

account all known sources of error so that the precision and 

uncertainty of each test can be established. 

6.1.5.2 

OPEN 

Optical Assembly (OA) Tests 

Only autocollimation testing is being considered for the OA. 

This requires "double-pass" interferograms or photographic 

tests. EK has had trouble trying to relate double-pass to 

single-pass performance (as actually occurs duting normal 

operation). They are requested to show how this is being 

analyzed or tested. We would recommend that the conversion 

factor be determined emperically if possible. 

OPEN 

Ref"- DORIAN 

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6.2.3 Photographic Test Equipment 

6.2.3.1 Test Requirements and Approach 

This paragraph states that autocollimation can be done in two 

ways. One method uses the autocollimating mirror normal to 

the axis (they say parallel, but undoubtedly don't mean it), with 

the object off-axis. The image is then examined in an off-axis 

position. It is stated that this method provides double 

sensitivity to longitudinal focal shift but it is not mentioned 

that this method leads to complete cancellation of such aberrations 

as coma, distortion and lateral color. The other method suggested 

is to rotate the autocollimating mirror, use the object on-axis 

and examine its image off-axis. EK is requested to clarify the 

impact on test results of these effects. The possibility of 

coincident object and image using a beam splitter is not mentioned. 

For a better understanding of their chosen approach, EK is 

requested to discuss their consideration of this approach further. 

This will be examined and amplified in the next report. 

-DORIAN 
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SECTION 7 AND APPENDIX D 

RELIABILITY 

The comments set forth here will apply to both Section 7 and Appendix D. 

Appendix D is an official submittal of data presented unofficially several 

months ago. 

It is apparent that the list of essential capabilities have been considerably 

truncated so as to derive the 92.0 (.91.4%) goal. 

The total generating time on each component must be cross-checked with 

those derived for power reporting purposes. EK is requested to point 

out any discrepancies. 

APPENDIX D - RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS 

There is_one significant criticism of this analysis. The visual optics 

subsystem that is considered to be mission-essential was omitted from 

the system reliability model. This subsystem was included in the EK 

unofficial data reviewed some time ago. A missim reliability of 0.97223 

was computed for the subsystem. If this number is multiplied by the 

system reliability estimate shown on Table 7.3-1, "Reliability Estimates 

for Mission-Essential Operations, " there is a significant decrease in 

system reliability 

(.920 x .97223 .895) 

which is less than specification (.914). It is debatable whether the omission 

can be fully justified. 

EK is therefore requested to either justify this omission or take it into 

account. 

This will be clarified in the next EAR issue. 

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SECTION 8 

SYSTEM SAFETY ENGINEERING 

8.1 Introduction 

Three techniques are listed which are used to identify hazardous 

conditions; namely, fault-tree analysis, hazard analysis, and 

procedural analysis. Procedural analysis is not covered. 

The contractor should include in his next EAR: 

1) His approach to limitation and control for contamination 

of LV atmosphere from the use of metallics (mercury, 

cadmium, etc.) and non-metallics. 

2) Testing programs associated with SAFSL 10010, control of 

available fuels and ignition sources in the pressurized area 

of the LV. 

OPEN 

8.2.2 Fault Tree Analysis (Figure 8.2-3) 

It is recommended that the contractor present some justification 

for his sblection of 10 2 as the probability of a fire occurring 

in the event of an electrical type of failure, taking into account 

"off-cycles" of components in the calculation of the probability 

of failures. 

OPEN 

4. 10-3 Current Mass Properties Values 

There is insufficient information presented to perform a 

meaninful mass properties analysis. If the contractor's mass 

properties are to be verified then a considerable amount of 

additional detail is required. 

This should be handled through working group meetings. 

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SECTION 9 

NUMERICAL SUMMAWY 

9.1 General 

Some index of stability of values would be helpful, such as 

changes from last EAR, or changes from SOW values. EK 

is requested to clearly indicate changes in future EAR issues. 

OPEN. EK will consider ways to show changes from EAR to 

9. 

EAR issue. 

overweight. The basis of 

EK is requested to clarify. 

1. 6 vireiht Summary 

This summary indicates a five-pound 

the numbers quoted is not apparent. 

This will be corrected. 

9. 2 Requirements on Other Subsystems 

9. 2. 1 Electrical Requirements 

9. 2.1. 3 Power and Energy 

2. The average frames /day will exceed 450 if 15, 000 frames 

per 30-day mission is realized. 

These numbers will be checked. 

5. The visual optics magnification change rate given here 

probably is an upper limit or greater than the maximum 

which will be realized. The, dynamic excitations may limit 

the setting per target. 

This rate was used to establish power requirements for 

maximum case and not intended to show actual operational 

conditions. 
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9. 2.1. 3 (Cont'd) 

8. This seems excessive. Only three minutes per four frames 

since exercise is required and it is expected that not more 

than several per day will be needed. 

9. 2. 4 Stereo and Obliquity Ranges (Line-of-Sight) 

These values are not correctly quoted. What are listed as 

TM requirements appear, in fact, to be the net photo range 

after TM and vehicle motions are both taken into account. 

This will be corrected in next EAR. 

9. 2. 5 Laboratory Module (M/A Mode) 

Some addedconstraints have been quoted elsewhere on the film 

system, such as dT5.15° between any point in the film system 

enclosure. EK is requested to clarify this point and also 

explain what action will be (or can be) taken as a result of the 

"consultation" cited. 

Additional information will be provided. 

9. 3. 4 Camera Parameters - Primary Film Strand 

(d) 3. Plus or minus one stop when IPC's commanded at 

maximum rate (1/sec). Perhaps EK would now prefer 

+ 2 steps". 

EK will recommend ± 1 "step" rather than ±1 stop. 

(e) 4. 1/160 second does not correspond to any exposure setting 

offered; EK should clarify and state why the nominal 

exposure should not be used. 

This will be changed to be consistent with nominal 

exposure. 
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(f) The maximum frame rate of ten per target is a 

policy limit, not a design-limited value. 

(g) And/or tension, in event vacuum fails. 

This will be noted in next EAR. 

9. 3. 5 Camera Parameters - Secondary Film Strand 

(c) EK is requested to clarify the basis for the maximum 

frames per target, i.e., whether it is due to looper capacity 

or whether it may again be a recommended limit. 

EK will clarify in next EAR. 

9. 3. 6 Film 

9. 3. 6. 1 Film Requirements 

(a) The 12,425 C13, 500 (useful photograph frames per mission) 

in the power budget does not support the average 450 

frames/day x 30 days; i.e. , 12, 425 is less than 15, 000 

incidentally. 

EK will recheck. 

9. 3. 6. 2 Property of Films 

3. EK is requested to clarify whether the processor will 

take both TB and UTB. 

This will be noted in the Processor Section. Since both 

primary and secondary film is to be processed on board, 

the equipment is being designed accordingly. 

;9.3.'7 Focus 

The maximum focus change rate includes some settling time 

after motion is completed. The limit does not apply for rapid 

slew operations without IPC's. EK is requested to clarify. 

This will be noted 
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9. 3. 9 Visual Optics 

9. 3. 9.1 Primary Eyepiece 

(d) EK needs to update this to be consistent with current 

revision of 9.3.1. (e) (page 9). Light input may be 8-10%, 

— 4%, or 0, depending on "second pellicle" option selected. 

9. 3.11 Optical Alignment 

EK should include the statistical descriptors which are 

omitted (1 (7 or 2 a ). 

These will be noted in next EAR. 

9.3.12 On-Board Processor 

(c) See 9.2.1. 3. b. 3. Not consistent; EK requested to clarify. 

(f) This is not consistent with the requirement or intent of 

the Work Statement. Ground processing has never been 

considered as "bimat" ground processing. This is not 

acceptable and EK is requested to change this or delete. 

This will.be changed to be consistent with SOW. 
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APPENDIX C 

COMMAND AND INSTRUMENTATION LIST 

EK is requested to modify Table C. 1-1 (page C-2 through C-8) so that 

entries in the relay configuration column can be easily correlated to the 

relay configurations shown in Table 4.9-2. To avoid confusion or misunderstanding, one table uses alphabetic designation and the other table 

uses Roman numeral designation. There is not a one-to-one correlation 

between the two systems (i. e., A + I, B + II, etc. ) 

EK will change in next EAR. 

APPENDIX E 

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TEST TOWERS 

This section only contains the analysis of Chambers I and II. The chambers 

of greatest concern are III and A, for which no analysis or test results is 

offered. EK is requested to submit their analysis for Chambers III and 

A as soon as possible and include this in the next EAR. 

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ANNEX 

3. 1 The statement that the IVS detectors favor the infrared is not 

necessarily true (currently the two contractors are considering S-20 

and S-25 responses).