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BIN: B I F-055-1295- 36-1-68 

TOTAL PAGES 276 

COPY NO. 2_4- OF 50 COPIES 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR SUBSYSTEM REVIEW 

(PRESENTATION CHARTS) 

20 SEPTEMBER 1968 

y 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
S 

11 1 II 

BYE-68432/68 

1111 

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SECRET/DOR IAN 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION MAJOR GENERAL JAMES STEWART 1-1 

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PLAN . . DR. M. S. MALKIN 2-1 

SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS G SHALL 3-1 

DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOPMENT 

TEST SHOBBS 4-1 

SUBCONTRACTOR PRESENTATIONS: 

ITEK IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR PROGRAM 5-1 

GOODYEAR IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR PROGRAM 6-1 

HYCON IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR PROGRAM 7-1 

GE EVALUATION AND SUMMARY. . S. HOBBS. 8-1 

REQUIREMENTS RELATIONSHIP, SPDRICEI SPECIFICATION / 

COMPONENT SPEC I F I CATION 9-1 

PROGRAM ASSESSMENT MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH BLEYMAIER 10-1 

GEGRE-T-/DORIAN 

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Ply 
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CRET /DOR IAN 

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION 

• RELATED EXPERIENCE 

• THEORY OF OPERATION 

• ENG I NEER I NG PROTOTYPE 

• EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS 

• DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 

vIvi -SECR /DORIAN 

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INTRODUCTION MAJOR GENERAL JAMES STEWART 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

1-112 
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SECRET/DORIAN 

MAJOR GENERAL JAMES STEWART OPENED THE COMMITTEE MEETING WITH A MOL 

OVERVIEW PRESENTATION WHICH INCLUDED PRIME CONTRACTOR HARDWARE 

PHOTOGRAPHS AND SLIDES OF THE COMMITTEE'S CHARTER OUTLINE 

1-314 

SECRCT/DORIAN 

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DORIAN 

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PLAN DR. M. S. MALKIN 

-SEGRETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

2-1/2 
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RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

2-3 
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SECRCT-/DOR IAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR 

REDUCE LINE OF SIGHT RATE ERROR FROM SLEW RATE TO TRACKING RATE 

• SUPPLIES ERROR SIGNAL TO NULL TRACKING ERROR 

• MANDATORY FOR UNMANNED OPERATION 

• ESSENTIAL FOR PLANNED USE OF MAN 

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2-4 
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SCCRCT/DOR IAN 

MOL MISSION PAYLOAD SCHEDULE 

FISCAL YEAR 1968 1 1969 1970 1 1971 1972 1 1973 1 1974 

 CALENDAR YEAR 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 

3 I 4 21 3 4 1 1 2 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 

FLIGHT DATES 

DEVELOPMENT VEHICLES 

1 

A 

2 3 

TITAN ONLY (DEV) AIM/ 

4 5 

AIA(M/A)A(M 

6 7 

MA (A) A (A) 

• DSS-1 A GE 4 DACO 

• 113D 4 GE ta EK 4 DACO A 

• 113T I o GE A EK 4 

• 114 GE 4 

• 115 

Ass* GE 4 EK & 

FLIGHT VEH 41118 (FV 3) I ifsessr rEsr koLD A EK A

' QV A 

4 PHASE I 

I VS PROGRAM SCHEDULE PHASE I I 

PHASE III 

INCL FLT HDWE DEL 

2-5 SECRET /DORIAN 

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IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 

PHASE I 

• DEVELOP IVS BREADBOARD UNITS (CONTINUE ON TWO AF CONTRACTS) 

• DEVELOP OPEN LOOP IVS TESTER 

• EVALUATE THREE VENDOR'S BREADBOARDS 

PHASE II 

• INCORPORATE DESIGN SOLUTIONS 

• CONDUCT CLOSED LOOP TESTS 

• DEVELOP PROTOTYPE ENGINEERING MODELS 

PHASE III 

• IVS COMPONENT QUALIFICATION 

• PRODUCE FLIGHT HARDWARE 

DORIAN 

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2-6 
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IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR SCHEDULE 

FISCAL YEAR r 1968 

1967 

1969 

1968 1969 

1970 1 19T1 

1970 

1972 

1971 CALENDAR YEAR 

3 4 1 2 1 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 

START 

IVS OPEN LOOP TESTER (011) DEV 

OLT PROCUREMENT ASSY AND TEST 

VENDOR BREADBOARD 

EVALUATION TESTS 

CLOSED LOOP TESTER DEV & I MPL 

TESTS OF DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS 

ENGRG. PROTOTYPE EVALUATION 

VENDOR PHASE I I I START 

IVS SUBSYSTEM TEST 

VENDOR QUAL COMPLETE 

FLIGHT HDWE DELIVERIES 

A TODAY I 

I 

REPORT 

PHASE I 

A 

DELIVERY 

PHASE 

1ST 

i 

(COMPLETE) 

I I 

SS-1 it PHASE I I I 

l 

FV5 FV6 FV7 

A A 

EN 

I 

I I I REPORT 

PA I 

I 

I 

I II 

I 

I 

I 

I 

II I 

I 

A 

r- A 

FV3 FV4 

A A A 

SECRET/DORIAN 

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ITEK GOODYEAR HYCON 

0 

0 

0 

Dv 

0 

DYNAMIC NULL 

SIGNAL LOSS DURING TRACK 

ILLUMINATION SENSITIVITY & CONTRAST 

CROSS COUPLING 

LINEARITY 

SCENE SENSITIVE BIAS 

SCALLOP I NG 

D° 

00 

Dv 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Dv 

0° 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0° 

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IVS VENDOR STATUS SUMMARY 

LEGEND: 

0 ON TARGET DMARGINAL V PROBLEM 0' PREVIOUSSTATUS 

CCCRET /DORIAN 

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SUMMARY 

• IVS REQUIREMENTS ARE NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT 

• TEST PROGRAM 

- IVS TESTER IS A VALID SIMULATION 

- TEST PROGRAM PROVIDES ADEQUATE COMPARISON 

• TWO VENDORS ARE ABLE TO MEET THE TECHNICAL AND SCHEDULE 

REQUIREMENTS OF PROGRAM 

2-9/10 SEGRFT/DORIAN 

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SECRET/DORIAN 

SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS G SHALL 

--S-EGRE'riDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

3-1/2 
-SEOR'E-T--/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

RN RELOEAPSPER 10 

JUL

VE R. _ eopLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRET/DORIAN 

MOL SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS 

MISSION REQUIREMENTS 

• SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 

• IMAGE VELOCITY SENSING REQUIREMENTS 

• ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS 

3-3/4 
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SCCRETIDORIAN 

MISSION REQUIREMENTS 

-9EGRET-71DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

3-5/6 
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MISSION REQUIREMENT 

• GROUND RESOLUTION 

2:1 CONTRAST AT APERTURE 

890 FT LAMBERTS AVERAGE MINIMUM SCENE LUMINANCE AT APERTURE 

- NADIR TARGET 

- 80 N MI ALTITUDE 

- AVERAGE TOTAL SMEAR RATE - 

- FOCUS ERROR 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

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3-7 
/- HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

3-8 

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/ HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEORE-T-/DORIAN 

VANDENBERG AIMING POINT 

PROGRAMMED 

.---SE-OREILMORIAN 

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3-9 
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ET /DOR IAN 

SYSTEM CONCEPT 

• THIS IS ACHIEVED IN THE DORIAN SYSTEM WITH A FRAME CAMERA, USING A SERVODRIVEN MIRROR TO TRACK THE TARGET AND STABILIZE THE IMAGE ON THE FILM DURING 

EXPOSURE 

• THE CAMERA HAS A FOCAL PLANE SHUTTER WHICH TRAVELS ACROSS THE FILM IN 

0.2 SEC 

• EXPOSURE TIME 11200 SEC NOMINAL 

-SEOR'ETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

3-10 
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HA.NiDt E VIA IIYETh', A -•)Y, i-r. 

3-11 

ROLL DRIVE 

AND GYROS 
HANOI Fl VIA BYENIAN SYSTEM (- 1t-4 Y 

MAX/MUM THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE 

r HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IAN irft 

3-12 

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LINEAR IMAGE MOTION 

SMEAR IN 1/200 SEC 

RATE GROUND 

(80 N MI NADIR) ON FILM 

TOTAL ALLOCATION 

SYSTEM VIBRATION 

TRACKING MIRROR CONTROL 

(NOISE) 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR 

(CREW) 

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SCCRET /DOR IAN 

SMEAR APPORTIONMENT (0.95p) 

NOTE: AT THE MAIN OPTICS IMAGE PLANE 

RADIANS 

ON NE GROUND (NADIR, 80 N MI) 

-SKGRET--/DORIAN 

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3-13 
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SENSITIVITY TO SMEAR 

TOTAL SMEAR ( M RAD/SEC) 

SECRET/DOR1AN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

3-14 
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/DOR IAN 

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 

3-15116 

--SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
-"::„. 

............ 

, 

..... 

..__ 

--- 

...... 

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_ _ _ _ 

-- 

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CA.a. 

_ L i 

- . : .. -

TRACKING 

MIRROR 

DRIVE 

VEHICLE POSITION 

AND VELOCITY DATA 

• DRAG DATA 

GROUND 

STATION 

kIJ20 APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SEGRE-VDORIAN 

POINTING AND TRACKING OPERATION 

STAR TRACKER 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR 

DRAG ACCELEROMETER 

DATA ADAPTER UNIT 

r/

. 

COMPUTER 

VEHICLE 

ATTITUDE 

CONTROL 

SYSTE M 

3-17 -Ste-RETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
EPHEMERIS 

ALI GNMENT 

STAR TRACKERS 

ACTS GYROS TM DRIVE 

ACQUISITION 

TELESCOPE 

NO. 1 

ACQUISITION 

TELESCOPE 

NO. 2 

••••■•■••• J 

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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

ACCELEROMETER 

I MAGE 

VELOCITY 

SENSOR 

COMPUTER 

TARGETS 

DORIAN 

3-18 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
• CAMERA 

3-19 -SEGRETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

MIRROR,-. 

PELLICLE 

OR NEITHER 

IMAGE 

VELOCITY 

SENSOR 

TRACKING 

MIRROR 

L 

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OPT I CAL FLOW DIAGRAM 
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IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR DYNAMIC REQUIREMENTS 

TRACKING LOOP CONSIDERATIONS 

- SOFTWARE COMPLEXITY 

- SETTLING TIME RESPONSE 

- STABILITY CONSTRAINTS 

- LOOP REJECTION OF IVS NOISE 

• SENSOR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 

- NOISE AND BIAS (INCREASED SMEAR) 

- GAIN (INCREASED SMEAR AND SETTLING TIME) 

- FREQUENCY RESPONSE (LOSS IN STABILITY) 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 3-20 
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r HANDLE VIA SYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEORET/DOR IAN 

/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA IMMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

3-21/22 
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DOR IAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSING REQUIREMENTS 

3-23/24 -SEGRET-IDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
MAXI MUM 

MINIMUM 

200. 0 

100.0 

50.0 

20. 0 

10.0 

5.0 

500 600 700 800 900 

WAVELENGTH MANOMETERS) 

2.0 

1.0 

0.5 

0.2 

400 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

AVERAGE SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE IN IMAGE PLANE 

I RRAD IANCE (NANO

WATTS/C

M

2

. 10 NANOMETER S ) 

SECRET/DORIAN 3-25 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-S-EeRET-/DOR IAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSING REQUIREMENTS 

INDICATE VELOCITY OF THE CENTER OF THE IMAGE ON THE FILM 

UTILIZE A PORTION OF THE SCENE IMAGERY DIVERTED FROM THE 

MAIN OPTICAL SYSTEM 

• OPERATE DOWN 10 5 DEG SUN ELEVATION ANGLE WITH ALL THE 

DIVERTED LIGHT 

• OPERATE DOWN 10 15 DEG SUN ELEVATION ANGLE WHEN SHARING 

DIVERTED LIGHT 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 3-26 
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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRETIDORIAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSING REQUIREMENTS (CONT) 

I ACCURATE TO + VECTOR SUM OF TWO AXIS OUTPUT (0.95p) 

• USING 1VS, THE TRACKING MIRROR CONTROL SYSTEM MUST SLEW THE LINE OF SIGHT 

TO A NEW TARGET, TRACK, AND BE READY TO PHOTOGRAPH 

SMEAR RATE) IN(416+4)SECONDS 

TOTAL 

NOTE: WITHOUT IVS, THE CONTROL MUST SLEW, SETTLE AND TRACK TO WITHIN 540 

mRAD/SEC 1441 + 3)SECONDS 6 

3-27 -SEORET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-S-EGRI-E-WDORIAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSING REQUIREMENTS (CONT) 

• OPERATING RANGE 

- +300 TO -400 STERO 

- +37.30TO -37.30OBLIQUITY 

• SCENE BRIGHTNESS/MODULATION CONDITIONS FOR REQUIRED OPERATION 

ARE DEFINED IN TERMS OF WIENER SPECTRUM GAIN AND AVERAGE LIGHT 

LEVEL 

3-28 LECRET /DORIAN 

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40 _ 

30 

20 

10 _ 

/ CURRENT 

/I DATA* 

/j (PRELIMINARY) 

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OR IAN 

IMAGE PLANE MODULATION VS AVERAGE ILLUMINANCE 

EVALUATION TEST CONDITIONS 

BASED ON EARLY INFORMATION 

FROM AEROSPACE CORP. 

0.006 0.02 0.2 1.0 

AVERAGE IMAGE ILLUMINANCE (FOOT CANDLES) 

*BASED ON LATEST INTERFACE AGREEMENTS, UP DATED 

AEROSPACE CORP. INFORMATION, AND RE-EVALUATION 

OF VIGNETTING EFFECTS 

SECRET/DOR IAN 3-29 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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-SECREPTIDOR IAN 

ELECTRICAL OUTPUT REQUIREMENTS 

• DYNAMIC RANGE: 0 TO + 0.3 IN/SEC (0 TO + 6001/1RADISEC) 

• NOISE AND BIAS: NULL REGION: TOTAL NOISE PLUS BIAS AT THE 

TRACKING MIRROR NOT TO EXCEED 

SIGNAL L I NEAR I TY: LARGE SIGNAL: 

NULL REGION: 

+ 25 PERCENT (MONOTONIC) 

+ 10 PERCENT (MONOTONIC) 

• TYPE OF OUTPUT SIGNAL: DIGITAL - GE FURNISHED AID CONVERTER 

3-30 SECRET/DOR1AN 

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-SEGREWDOR IAN 

ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS 

3-31132 -SEORE-T-/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRET/DOR IAN 

ADDITIONAL TECHN I CAL CONSIDERATIONS 

• SCENE DYNAMICS 

- "DYNAMIC NULL" 

• CLOUDS 

OPEN LOOP TRACKING CAPABILITY 

,-SELGRE-TIDOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 3-33 
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-SEG-R-E-T-/DORIAN 

SCENE DYNAMICS 

• CHANGING SLANT RANGE AND ASPECT ANGLES CAUSE POINTS IN THE IMAGE TO 

MOVE WITH RESPECT TO THE CENTER OF THE IMAGE 

• THIS PHENOMENON PRESENTS A PROBLEM TO THE IVS IN INDICATING VELOCITY 

AT THE CENTER OF THE IMAGE 

3-34 

SECRET/DORIAN 

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SCENE DYNAMICS 

Y 

X •-x 

h SIN 2!(- cosn) 2 

it\IRELCLAPSPERi°72y101ANDLE VIA SYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DORIAN 

1N-TRACK EXPANSION DUE TO CHANGE IN ASPECT ANGLE 

611GRETIDORIAN 

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3-35 
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3-36 
3-37 

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3-38 
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SECRET/DORIAN 

SCENE DYNAMICS 

• IN WORST CASE, EACH COMPONENT CAN BE 80,u. RAD/SEC OR MORE, AT EDGE OF 

2.8 IN. IMAGE 

• WORST COMBINATION IS 120,uRAD1SEC 

• CROSS-FORMAT I MC WILL NOT REDUCE ANY ERRORS INTRODUCED BY IVS 

-S-E-eRETI-DORIAN 3-39 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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"DYNAMIC NULL" 

• THE CHANGE IN SLANT RANGE AND ASPECT CAUSES THE SCENE CONTENT OF THE IVS 

IMAGE TO VARY, IN ADDITION TO PRODUCING SCENE DYNAMICS 

• THE THREE IVS DESIGNS CURRENTLY RESPOND TO THIS IN INDIVIDUALLY 

CHARACTERISTIC WAYS 

• ERRORS ARISING FROM THESE SOURCES HAVE BEEN TERMED "DYNAMIC NULL" 

ERRORS 

3-40 SECRET/DORIAN 

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HANDLE VIA SYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SECRE-W130,11AN 

CHANGE IN IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR FOOTPRINT 

(ZERO OBLIQUITY) 

POINTS ENTER AND LEAVE If IMAGE AS STEREO ANGLE CHANGES 

-SIEORIETIDOIR IAN 

HANDLE VIA STEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

3-41 
MANGO LE VIA tft.MAN bY4ItM GIN : .• 

CECRE-TIDOR IAN 

CHANGE IN IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR FOOTPRINT 

(OBLIQUE TARGET) 

0 Et ..IALI• AAAmist - Vii' IliVr1411114 :OiVIZTV11.1 MAI I V. — 

3-42 

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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

SENSING

H 

VS NULL TRACKING 

SCENE DYNAMICS ARE ALSO PRESENT IN A- v SENSING SYSTEM BUT THEY ARE 

SMALL COMPARED TO V 

• HOWEVER, IN A NULL TRACKING SYSTEM,SCENE DYNAMIC MOTIONS WITHIN THE 

IMAGE ARE LARGE COMPARED TO TRACKING ERROR; THEY ARE SLOW ENOUGH FOR THE 

SENSOR TO RESPOND TO THEM 

THIS EFFECT IS FOUND ONLY WHEN TRACKING A TARGET USING ORBITAL GEOMETRY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

V 

3-43 
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-SECRETIDOR IAN 

CLOUDS 

APPARENT VELOCITY 

- 100,u. RADISEC PER 1000 FT CLOUD ALTITUDE 

3 -44 RAIN SEC PER MIIHR WIND 

• MULTIPLE RATES IN SCENE 

- AVERAGING EFFECTS UNCERTAIN 

O OBSCURES TERRAIN. 

• CENTER OF POWER SHIFT 

3-44 CECRET /DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
coMPLETE 

COVER 44 

COMPLETE. 

COVER 

P-HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-WORST/DORIAN 

CLOUDS ARE ENCOUNTERED 

BY THE IVS IN 17% OF 1HE 

CASES WHERE PHOTOGRAPHS 

ARE POSS I BLE 

IVS OPERATION IS 

UNCERTAIN WHEN CLOUDS 

PRESENT 

HANDLE VIA ITEMAN SYSTEM ONLY

RIA 

3-45 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IAN 

OPEN LOOP OPERATION 

A CAPABILITY TO OPERATE OPEN LOOP APPEARS NECESSARY 

-SeerRET4DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 3-46 
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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DORIAN 

OPEN LOOP OPERATION 

• CURRENT DESIGN N 270/4 RAD/SEC 

• POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS REDUCE ERROR TO 100/4 RAD/ SEC 

DORIAN 3-47 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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3-48 
SLIM mt■ 

0004 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IA=N 

REVIRS 

STORAft 

CARER* GeswatiOli 

Putt. P WIC DATA 

CELLS 

oat* 

TARGET UST 

COMMAND 

LOAD 

ODLIRX 

SYSTEM 

TARGET 

cDRPuTER 

SYGTEM 

VOTOID. 

RC- DORIAN 

saiLkirtiP VIA ri■tEmAN SYSITM ONLY 

3-49 

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RATE 

ERROR • SERVO TRACKING ERROR 

4 ,4? RAD/SEC 

TIME 

GIMBAL 

RATE 

SETTLING TIME 

TRACKING 

RATE 

TRACKING 

RATE IVS 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DORIAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR TRACKING LOOP DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 

SETTLING TIME 

• NOISE TRANSMISSION 

IVS NOISE 

ERROR TIME 

TRACKING LOOP 

 I GIMBAL RATE 

3-50 CECRETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF DESIGN PROBLEM 

NOMINAL DESIGN 

SETTLING 

TIME 

UPPER LIMIT IMPOSED BY 

Lol-•" TRACKING MIRROR DRIVE 

DYNAMICS AND SOFTWARE 

LIMITATIONS 

RMS NOISE OUTPUT 

MAXI MUM ALLOWABLE NOISE 

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE 

SETTLING TIME 

GAP 

0 BANDWI DTH •••••••4110. 

BRIDGING THE GAP: • DESIGN OPTIMIZATION 

• COMPROMISE

/DORIAN 3-51 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
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HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-S-EeRET/DORIAN 

CHANGES TO IMAGE PLANE MODULATION AND AVERAGE ILLUMINANCE 

NEW DATA (REV 6) 

OLD DATA (REV 5 

REQUIREMENT AND TEST ) 

1. OPTICAL TRANSMISSION 

2. VIGNETTING 

3. WIENER GAIN 

4. WIENER SLOPE 

5. AVERAGE LIGHT LEVEL 

7.5 PERCENT 

0.32 TO 0.64 

1.5 ASSUMED BY AEROSPACE 

1.1 TO 1. 7 USED AS 

REQUIRED 

150 TO 4000 FOOT LAMBERTS 

1.1 TO 1. 7 

150 TO 1200 FOOT LAMBERTS 

2 TO 5 PERCENT 

NOT KNOWN 

APPROXIMATELY SAME 

/DORIAN 3-52 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
1.0 

0.0 

TRANSMIS- 0.06 

SIBILITY 

0.04 

0.02 

0 

8 11111N.- 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 AltlAtIIILE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SECRET/DOR IAN 

TRANSMISSIBILITY TO IVS IMAGE WITH MIRROR IN PLACE 

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 

WAVELENGTH (MILLIMICRONS) 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 3-53 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

OPEN 

DRIVE COMMAND 

TGT & VEH 

ALTITUDE VIBRATION TOTAL 

• BASELINE 253 72 63 26 271 

+ 

• SINGLE POINT DRIVE 52 72 112 

CALIBRATION 

• TEMPERATURE 

STABILIZATION 

• MULTI-POINT 35 66 101 

CALIBRATION 

• IMPROVED ATTITUDE 

(SOFTWARE) 

• TEMPERATURE 

STABILIZATION 

• MULTI -POINT CALIBRATION V V 

• IMPROVED ATTI TUDE 35 53.5 63 26 93.4 

(SOFTWARE & HARDWARE) 

• IMPROVED GYRO 

ALIGNMENT 

3-54 SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR1AN 

OPEN LOOP OPERATION 

DRIVE COMMAND 

TGT & VEH 

ALTITUDE VIBRATION TOTAL 

• BASELINE 253 72 63 26 271 

+ + 

• SINGLE POINT DRIVE 52 72 63 112 

CALIBRATION 

• TEMPERATURE 

STABILIZATION 

• MULTI-POINT 35 66 25 83 

CALI BRA TION 

• IMPROVED ATTITUDE 

(SOFTWARE) 

• TEMPERATURE 

STABILIZATION 

• MULTI -PO INT CALI BRATION V V v 

• IMPROVED ATTITUDE 35 53. 5 25 26 73.4 

(SOFTWARE & HARDWARE) 

IMPROVED GYRO 

ALI GNMENT 

-SEerter/DORIAN 3-55/56 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 Jumoil-IANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEORET/DORIAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR TEST AND EVALUATION PROGRAM . . . . S. HOBBS 

/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-112 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRCT/D.OR 

APPROACH TO IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR DEVELOPMENT 

• STUDIES 

• COMPONENT DESIGN 

• TEST AND EVALUATION 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-3 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SeeR-E-7/DORIAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR TEST PHILOSOPHY 

• IDENTIFY MAJOR INPUT CONDITIONS AFFECTING IVS PERFORMANCE 

s DESIGN, FABRICATE AND CHECKOUT TESTER TO PROVIDE CLOSEST PRACTICAL 

SIMULATION 

• IDENTIFY AND DETERMINE EFFECTS OF LIMITATIONS OF TESTER COMPARED TO 

REAL WORLD CONDITIONS 

• SUBJECT ALL IVS UNITS TO IDENTICAL TEST SERIES TO PERMIT EVALUATION 

AGAINST COMPONENT SPECIFICATION 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-4 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

OBJECTIVES 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SCCRET/DOR IAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR TEST PLAN 

PHASE 1 

• BENCH TESTS 

• OPEN LOOP TESTS 

PHASE 2 

- FUNCTIONAL CHECKOUT OF UNITS 

- PERSONNEL FAMILIARIZATION 

SUPPLEMENT OPEN LOOP TESTS 

EVALUATE CAPABILITY OF EACH UNIT TO 

MEET SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS UNDER SIMULATED REAL WORLD 

INPUT CONDITIONS 

• CLOSED LOOP TESTS - COMBINE TRACKING MIRROR LOOP WITH 

IVS 

/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

TEST 

4-5 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DORIAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR OPEN LOOP TEST OBJECTIVE 

EVALUATE CRITICAL 1VS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS: 

• NULL ACCURACY 

• LINEARITY OF RESPONSE 

• VELOCITY SENSING AT CENTER OF FORMAT 

• OPERATION AT MINIMUM AVERAGE ILLUMINATION 

• OPERATION AT MINIMUM CONTRAST (WIENER SPECTRUM MODULATION VS 

AVERAGE ILLUMINATION) 

• VELOCITY THRESHOLD AND DYNAMIC RANGE 

• SCENE CONTENT DEPENDENCE 

• CROSS COUPLING 

• FOCUS CRITICALITY 

-GEGRE-T-I-DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-6 
-SEGRET-MOR IAN 

--BAGFUL-TIDO R IAN 

HANDL / VIA NYMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-7 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA NYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
DYNALENS 

DRIVER 

TR 20 

ANALOG 

4 COMPUTER 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

STATIONARY 

SCENE 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR OPEN LOOP TESTER SCHEMATIC 

"SUN" 

VARIABLE 

APERTURE ORBITAL 

NP\MOT I ON 

MIRROR 

CONTRAST 

CONTROL UNIT (CCU) 

FOCUSING 

OPTICS 

DYNALENS 

COLLI MATOR 

X MOTION 

X DRIVE 

L 

Y MOTION 

Y DRIVE 

J 

FOCUSING 

OPTICS 

VARIABLE DENSITY 

LIGHT FILTER 

I GHT 

-SEGRET-IDOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-8 
NRO APPIr E. ; A E3 `, L.: I A, L RELEASE JULY 2015. ECIR-E-T/DOR IAN 

M ONLY 

IVS TESTER 

ITEK IVS SENSOR INSTALLED 

4-9 
4-10 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRET-.l,DOR IAN 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
4-11 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEORMD 0 R IAN 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

Z.ECRET/DOR IAN 

OPEN LOOP TESTER 

PARAMETER REQUIREMENT DEGREE OF SIMULATION 

SCENES REPRESENTATIVE OF REAL GOOD CONTRAST AND 

WORLD GEOMETRICAL SCALING 

3D AND COLOR NOT INCLUDED 

IN PHASE I PROGRAM 

OPTICS SIMULATE CAMERA OPTICS GOOD SIMULATION OF F/NO. 

INPUT TO IVS AND TELECENTRIC PROPERTIES 

ADEQUATE RESOLUTION 

GEOMETRIC DISTORTIONS 

INTRODUCED BY LARGE FOV 

TRACKING MIRROR DRIVE SIMULATE IMAGE DINAMICS STRAIGHT TRACK EFFECTS 

AND ORBITAL MOTIONS CAUSED BY ORBIT AND NEGLIGIBLE 

, 

TRACK VIBRATION MINIMIZED 

LIGHTING AND CONTRAST SIMULATE SUN AND HAZE GOOD SIMULATION OF LEVELS 

LIGHT AND MODULATION 

SPECTRAL PROPERTIES NEED 

REFINING TO INCORPORATE 

NEW INFORMATION 

-SE-e/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-12 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

UN IT CONVERSION 

LOS RATE IMAGE PLANE RATE GROUND RATE 

NOTE: NADIR TRACK ANGLE 80 N MI ALTITUDE 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-13 
STEREO ANGLE (DEG) 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA EYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

IIIROfteT/DOR IAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR -.ITS 

SCENE SENS ITIVE BIAS 

PROBLEM 

SCENE SENSITIVE BIAS VARIATION IN IVS OUTPUT SIGNAL WITH SCENE 

CHARACTERISTICS AND ILLUMINATION LEVEL 

Y O. 02 VELOCITY 

IPS o 

402'

. 

X 0.02 

VELOCITY 

IPS -0.02 

IP 

DOR IAN 

4-14 
0.1 

X 

VELOCITY 

OUTPUT 

IPS 

O. 05 

-0.05

0 

-0.1 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA NYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

--SEORIET/DOR IAN 

ITEX, AXES CROSS-COUPLING. LD SCENE.:- STATIC TEST AT NADIR, .

SETTING (V INPUT VELOCITY • ZERO) 

PROBLEM 

• CROSS-COUPLING - IMAGE MOTION IN ONE AXIS BEING SENSED IN THE 

ORTHOGONAL AXIS 

X 0.05 

VELOCITY 

INPUT 0 

IPS 

-405 

0.1 

VELOCITY 

OUTPUT 0 

IPS -0.05 

-0.1 

441/14411411*-/DOR IAN 

HANOLE VIA RYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY-. 

4-15 
0.18 

0.16 

0.14 

0,12 

0.10 

0.08 

0.06 

0.04 

0.02 

0 

-0.02 

-0.04 

-0.06 

-0.08 

-0.10 

SENSOR 

OUTPUT 

(IN/ SEC) 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRET/DOR IAN 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR - ITEK 

PROBLEM 

e LINEARITY - VARIATION IN SENSOR GAIN WITH CHANGE IN ILLUMINATION 

cb'e 

co 

0' 

,. 

4 .,. 

rr 

0.° 195 

ilrirP' 1‘ 

11. 

k -0 -tA9 

.k k•., ./. ps 

•.1, 

44)6" 

0.001 0.01 0.1, 

ILLUMINATION LEVEL AT ; 2.8 INCH IMAGE PLANE (FT/CD) 

--SEGRE-T-/ DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-16 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

r

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEORE-T/DOR IAN 

DYNAMIC NULL ERROR 

PROBLEM 

DYNAMIC NULL - IVS OUTPUT S IGNAL WHICH VARIES W1111 ASPECT ANGLE 

VELOCITY 0.04 

OUTPUT 0.02 

IPS 0 

-0.02 

-0.04 

X 

VELOCITY 0.04 

OUTPUT 0.02 IPS 0 

-0.02 

-0,04 

NADIR 

ntl1111lt 

ruIAn1.1a?.J mot!' 41171,11 I 

tintitilthahlWfiri,maiL.111 rIMF , f '!..; 11111. 

!TT' 1,1!7111/111rfiltiii, 

STEREO ANGLE (DEG) 

NOTE: INPUT VELOCITY 0 

-SECRET./ DO R IAN j 

wAimoll VIA WYENIAN SYSTEM ONLY. 

4-17 
20 30 

SIGNAL DROP OUT 

0,04 

0.02 

0 

0.02 

0,04 

-21) --0 0 10 .06 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

--SE6RET4DOR IAN 

PROBLEMS 

• DYNAMIC NULL - IVS OUTPUT SIGNAL WHICH VARIES WITH ASPECT ANGLE 

• SIGNAL DROP-OUT - PERIODS WHERE SENSORS DO NOT CORRECTLY MEASURE 

IMAGE MOTION DUE 10 INTERNAL SIGNAL LEVELS 

SIGNAL DROP OUT 

X VELOCITY 

OUTPUT - IPS 

STEREO ANGLE (DEG) 

NOTE: INPUT VELOCITY • 0 

-SLEGRUTIDOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA IIVEIAAN ONLY 

4-18 
Y 0.1

VELOCITY 

OUTPUT 

I PS 

0.05 

-0.05

0 

-0.1 

X 

VELOCITY 

OUTPUT 

IPS 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

r HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

r SECRET/DORIAN 

_HYCON RESPONSE AT ;S I GNAL DROPOUT 

(STATIC -TEST CONDUCTED AT +20pEcRat IN STEREO ABOUT THE SIGNAL DROPOUT POINT) 

0.1 

VELOCITY 005 

INPUT 

I PS 

-0.1 

0 

-0.05 

-SSeRETIDORIAN 

LA •OJI11 C %/I • ZIVC1141•Al Gve•rr La ^too 

4-19 
HANDLE VIA "MOM SYSTEM ONLY 

-BI111111FFIDOR IAN 

PROBLEM 

• SCALLOPING 

PERIODIC VARIATIONS IN OUTPUT SIGNAL AS A FuNcnoti OF IMAGE VELOCITY 

0.1 

0.05 

X VEL INPUT 0 

IPS -0.05 

-0.1 

DORIAN 

HANDLEVIA BYEMAN SYS1TM ONLY 

4-20 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
OWED OM= OM* •■• SWIM 411MINNI ..IN. 

1 

rNiEFTEAPsEPRFMAN4EDLEGViVAIAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DORIAN PHASE 1 - DEVELOPMENT MODEL PERFORMANCE - 

ILLUMINATION LEVEL VS SCENE CONTENT 

r

=IIM1 =Nib MOD =OM MUM =NMI 11111•111. 111111111111M 

37 db 

WIENER SPECTRUM CONTENT 

(FOOT LAMBE RT2 

PER CPF AT 0.01 CPF) 

7 db 

I 

0.006 O. 01 0.05 0.1 0.20 

— PHASE I RQTS IMAGE PLANE AVERAGE LIGHT LEVEL UT CD) 

— ANTICIPATED REVISION 

\\"\\"\\\OPERATING CAPABILITY 

0 TEST POINT —860RE-WDOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY -Al

4-21 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN IVS CRITICAL PROBLEM SUMMARY FROM BB EVALUATION TESTS 

PROBLEM IMPACT ITEK GOODYEAR HYCON 

DYNAMIC NULL IMAGE SMEAR MEETS Q EXCESSIVE V 

INDICATED 

VELOCITY 

ERRORS 

EXCESSIVE V 

INDICATED 

VELOCITY 

ERRORS 

SIGNAL LOSS 

DURING TRACK 

IVS DEAD PERIODS MEETS 0 RECYCLE ❑ SIGNAL V 

DROPOUT 

ILLUMINATION 

SENSITIVITY 

AND CONTRAST 

LIMITS NUMBER FAILED V FAILED V MEETS 0 

CROSS COUPLING TRACK LOOP 

INSTABILITY 

INCREASED 

SETTLING TIME 

SEVERE V 

FOR SOME 

SCENES 

MEETS 0 MEETS 0 

LINEARITY SLOWER 

LOOP RESPONSE 

IMAGE SMEAR 

NONLINEAR V 

WITH LIGHT 

CHANGES 

MEETS 0 MEETS 0 

SCENE SENSITIVE 

BIAS 

IMAGE SMEAR BIAS - V 

EXCEEDS 

WHOLE ERROR 

ALLOTMENT 

MEETS 0 MEETS 

SCALLOPING INCREASE 

SETTLING TIME 

MEETS 0 MEETS 0 MODULAR() ■ 

VELOCITY 

INDICATION 

/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

4-22 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR1AN 

VENDOR CONTRACT HISTORY 

• ITEK - USAF CONTRACT DECEMBER 65 

• GOODYEAR - USAF CONTRACT JULY 66 

• USAF TRANSFERRED THE I VS FROM 

GFE TO GE RESPONSIBILITY SEPTEMBER 67 

• ITEK - GOODYEAR - HYCON ON CONTRACT TO GE OCTOBER 67 

• BREADBOARD DELIVERIES- ITEK AND GOODYEAR 29 FEBRUARY 68 

- HYCON 11 MARCH 68 

• ENGINEERING PROTOTYPE DELIVERIES - GOODYEAR AND HYCON 1 OCTOBER 68 

• BREADBOARD DELIVERY - ITEK 15 NOVEMBER 68 

/DORIAN 4-23124 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FoRIANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 201 ECRETIDOR IAN 

SUBCONTRACTOR PRESENTATIONS 

• ITEK 

• GOODYEAR 

• HYCON 

--SEGRETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-i ni 
NROAPPROVED FOR HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 2013 

--SEORE-1F-/DOR IAN 

ITEK IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR PROGRAM 

-S /DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-1/2 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

RELATED EXPERIENCE 

• VA SENSOR 

• INTENSIFIERS FOR NIGHT VISION 

IMAGE VELOCITY SENSORS, RETICLE TYPE 

• ELECTRONIC IMAGE MOTION STABILIZATION (EIMS) 

-SEGRET--/DOR IAN 

5-3 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
RECTIFIER E 

LOW-PASS FILTER 

E 

V 

p 

TIME 

I 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

RUDIMENTARY SENSOR 

VIDICON TV 

CAMERA 

HIGH-PASS 

FILTER 

STOPPED I 

IMAGE 

50Asec •••■•••••411.•■■••■••••••••• 

MOVING 

IMAGE 

SCCRET/DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 5-4 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRCT/DOR IAN 

SENSOR WITH MODULATION 

CYLIC IMAGE MOTION ADDED WITH MODULATOR 

MODULATION 

FREQUENCY 

HIGH-PASS RECTIFIER. DEMODULATOR 

FILTER LOW- PASS Q

VIDICON 

TV CAMERA FILTER 

SSG-RE''/DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-5 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

VARIATION OF RECTIFIED 

HIGH FREQUENCY VIDEO SIGNAL 

WITH SMEAR 

E Eo 

E0(1 — 1{S2) 

0 SMEAR (S) 

S [Viti 

2Vm sin w(t—g) sin (1A—)1 2 .1 

SECRET/DORIAN 

5-6 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
coti 

(Ala 2 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

ZECRET/DORIAN 

RECTIFIED VIDEO VOLTAGE 

„ 2kV2m coti 

E = E0 — k — sine Ey AVERAGE VALUE 

E0[— -"awl ti sin ( vi sin w (t — 

co 

4kV, coti , 

2 

+E0 (+ (02 sin2--F-) cos 2 w (t 

2kVm coti 

NORMALIZATION SIGNALS (AGC) 

((Ai \ 

(1) Ef 4Vi \ 2 / 

Elf Vm Wti sin 2 

Ef FUNDAMENTAL 

— 

ti 

2 

E21 SECOND HARMONIC 

(2) Ef 41cVmti (coti 

Eo to sin 1) Vi 

-SECRIE-T/DORIAN 

5-7 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
PHOTOCONDUCTOR COUPLING 

CAPACITOR 

MESH 

OPTICAL IMAGE 

FORMING CONE 

GLASS FACEPLATE 

TRANSPARENT GOLD LAYER 

I LOAD 

RESISTOR 

- i TARGET 

...._ VOLTAGE 

-IELECTRON 

BEAM 

THERMIONIC 

CATHODE 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

VIDICON PRINCIPLE 

-SC-011- CT /DORIAN 

5-8 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
LOAD RESISTOR 

TIME R(Lt) DELAY 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SCCRET/DOR IAN 

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF VIDICON 

ELECTRON BEAM —

SWITCHING 

011 /DOR IAN qe.IP 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 5-9 
DECAY TI

ME CONSTANT,seconds 

0.1 

SIGNAL OUTPUT,microamperes 

0.01 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

--SeeRE-T-kcIOR IAN 

VIDICON CHARACTERISTICS 

TARGET VOLTAGE 60 volts 40 volts 25 volts 

— 

-- 

• 

DECAY TIME 

CONSTANT, seconds 

L_ 

111 1 111 1 111 1 iil 1 I ii 

0.01 0 1 1 10 100 

ILLUMINATION, foot-candles 

SECRET/DORIAN 

5-10 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRE-T/DOR IAN 

SINGLE-AXIS SENSOR 

RECTIFIED HIGH FREQUENCY 

SCENE LENS VIDEO SIGNAL VIDEO SIGNAL - 

IMAGE VIDICON HIGH-PASS VIDEO 

MODULATOR CAMERA FILTER AMPLIFIER 41- 

FULL-WAVE [4_ 

RECTIFIER 

AC COUPLED 

AMPLIFIER 

GAIN 

CONTROL 

INPUT 

SECOND HARMONIC 

PHASE SENSITIVE 

DETECTOR 

AMPLIFIER TUNED 

TO SECOND 

HARMONIC 

GAIN 

CONTROL 

ELEMENT 

SECOND HARMONIC REFERENCE 

REFERENCE 

DC SIGNAL 

PROPORTIONAL 

TO IMAGE 

VELOCITY 

FUNDAMENTAL 

LOW-PASS 

FILTER 

FUNDAMENTAL 

PHASE SENSITIVE 

DETECTOR 

AMPLIFIER 

TUNED TO 

FUNDAMENTAL 

SECRET/DORIAN 

5-11 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-8-EGRET/DORIAN 

TWO-AXIS SENSOR APPROACH 

INTERFACE 

VIDICON 

SENSOR OPTICS 

• BEAM SPLITTER 

• PRISM 

• LENS 

• MODULATOR 

VIDICON HORIZONTAL 

SCAN DIRECTION 

ZECRET/DORIAN 

5-12 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NR0A„R=rellE-T/DOR IAN 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

ENGINEERING TEST MODEL 

DECEMBER 1967 

VIDICON 

LINE SPLIT 

COMMERCIAL LENS 

OFFSET PATCH 

MAJOR. DESIGN CHANGES 

ENGINEERING PROTOTYPE 

EVALUATION MODEL 

NOVEMBER 1968 

IMAGE INTENSIFIERVIDICON 

FIELD SPLIT 

ITEK-DESIGNED LENS 

CENTRAL PATCHES 

REASON 

IMPROVED LINEARITY 

IMPROVED NULL 

ACCURACY 

BETTER IMAGE QUALITY 

ELIMINATES NEED FOR 

ROLL SERVO 

5-13 

-"SeCRET---/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
3I00444704 

ezecr CO.NeC7C1,9 

Cc-4Y .3",V3 

-43d4l Sekr7 TER 

Awe: ,94/33.! 

473 

4,93 

4t, IMAGE.PLAVF 

MODULATOR 

cCNS 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

- SECRET/DORIAN 

SENSOR HEAD LAYOUT 

ECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-14 
VIDICON 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DORIAN 

TWO-AXIS SENSOR BLOCK 

DIAGRAM 

FIELD SPLIT PRISM 

T 2 :1 RE LAY SYSTEM 

'4'4 

INTENSIFIER 

[i.... 

MODU LA TOR 

CAMERA 

ELECTRONICS 

t

■TARGET 

CURRENT 

HV CONTROL 

DETECTOR GAIN BAND P ASS 

FILTER 

LOW-PASS LOW-PASS. BANDP ASS 

FILTER FILTER DETECTOR FILTER 

X FIELD SP LIT 

ELECTRONICS 

Y 

DARK 

CURRENT ADJ9 

DIVIDER GAIN f FILTER PHASE 

SENSITIVE 

DEMODULATOR 

FILTER 

5-15 

OUTPUT 

SECRET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 

PERFORMANCE 

DYNAMIC RANGE 0 TO 0.3 ips 

NOW 

MEET 

ESTIMATED 

AT CDR 

MEET 

GAIN FACTOR 16.67 volts/ips DON'T MEET MEET 

LINEARITY 

© LARGE SIGNAL REGION 

SMALL SIGNAL REGION 

0.75 TO 1.25 

0.9 TO 1.1 MEETI MEET 

0 SATURATION 5 volts/0.3 ips MEET MEET 

NOISE AND BIAS 

(NULL REGION) 

0.010 ips (2E) DON'T MEET MEET 

FREQUENCY RESPONSE FIRST ORDER LAG OVER 

OUTPUT RANGE 0.001 TO 

0.25 ips; BREAK FREQUENCY 1 hz 

AMPLITUDE MEETS 

SPEC; PHASE LAG 

MEETS SPEC TO 1 hz, 

EXCEEDS SPEC BY 

25 AT 3 hz; ANOMALOUS RESPONSE NEAR 

Im/2 

SAME 

RECOVER TIME AFTER 

© SATURATION 

SATURATION = 2 sec 

TIME 0.5 sec 

SATURATION = 2 sec 

TIME :5- 0.1 sec 

MEET MEET 

SUBTHRESHOLD 

®

IRRADIANCE 

SIGNAL 

FLAT INPUT OF 4 x 10-5 

wt/cm2 per 10 nm (ax) 

OVER RANGE 400 TO 900 

nm 

CAN MEET MEET 

RELIABILITY MTBF = 10,000 hours DON'T MEET 7.500 hours 

© WARMUP TIME 2 minutes MEET MEET 

/DORIAN 5-16 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 

INTERFACE 

INPUT POWER 

NOW 

ESTIMATED 

AT CDR 

AVERAGE <26 watts 

PEAK <50 watts 

PERFORMANCE MEET 

BREADBOARD 

WEIGHT 

HEAD =14 pounds PERFORMANCE 10.7 pounds 

TOTAL =23 pounds BREADBOARD 22.7 pounds 

SPACE ENVELOPE 

HEAD PER DRAWING 711-03013 PERFORMANCE MEET 

ELECTRONICS BOX 6 • 9 • 7 inches BREADBOARD 

CG OF HEAD 

0 DISTANCE FROM CENTERLINE WITHIN 0.25 inches MEET MEET 

NORMAL TO MOUNTING PLANE 

DISTANCE FROM INPUT IMAGE f1 7.25 inches 

PLANE 

THERMAL DISSIPATION OF HEAD MINIMUM POSSIBLE — PERFORMANCE <6 watts 

DESIGN GOAL f. 3 watts BREADBOARD 

GENERATED DISTURBANCES -3.0 in.-oz (ANY AXIS) MEET MEET 

VIBRATION (DURING EXPOSURE) =0.01 pound AXIAL FORCE 

(ANY AXIS) 

VIBRATION (DURING SLEW) 2. ABOVE 

RESONANCE = 55 hz 

ACOUSTIC NOISE PER 3.2.12 of DR1100B 

9 

CECRET /DORIAN 

5-17/18 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DORIAN 

PROBLEM AREAS 

• LINEARITY 

• NULL ACCURACY 

• GAIN FACTOR 

• CROSS-COUPLING 

• FREQUENCY RESPONSE 

• CLOUD COVER 

5-19120 SCGR-CT/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
itlAlt4OLZMIAcIDYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

R-Seeiter/DORIAN 

LINEARITY 

5-21/22 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

LINEARITY 

IMPACT 

• NONLINEARITY COMPLICATES SERVO STABILIZATION 

SOLUTION 

• IMAGE INTENSIFIER 

• ADEQUATE MODULATION VELOCITY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 5-23 
Vm= 0.28 inch/ second 

• Vm= 0.14 inch/second 

VIDICON IMAGE VELOCITY, inches/second 

N

DAMEN

TALA

M

P LITU

DE,divisions 

0.200 0.300 

SECRET/DORIAN 

5-24 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-0.300 -0.200 -0.100 0.100 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-EEO;tET/DORIAN 

DYNAMIC RANGE AS A FUNCTION 

OF MODULATION AMPLITUDE 
0.2 foot-candle 

0.1 foot-candle 

0.05 foot-candle 

0.025 foot-candle 

1.0 foot-candle 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELENAN1DI11E201.4 BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-8EGRET/DOR IAN 

LINEARITY AS A FUNCTION OF 

VIDICON ILLUMINATION 

2.0 

1.8 

1.6 

1.4 

12 

a 

1.0 

0 

0.8 

06 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

0,010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 

INPUT VELOCITY AT VIDICON., inches/second 

SECRET/DORIAN 5-25 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
PHOTOCATHODE 

S20 

4 kv to 15 kv (CONTROLLABLE) 

— 1111111E:L.-- PHOSPHOR P20 

VIDICON WITH FIBER 

OPTIC FACEPLATE 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

--CECMCWDOR IAN 

IMAGE INTENSIFIER 

INPUT FIBER ELECTRON OUTPUT FIBER 

OPTICS BEAM OPTICS 

5-26 

aEGRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NROAPPROVEDFOFHANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

NULL ACCURACY 

-S /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-27/28 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEeRET/DORIAN 

NULL ACCURACY 

IMPACT 

• OUTPUT SIGNAL WITH NO VELOCITY PRESENT RESULTS IN 

IMPERFECT TRACKING 

SOLUTION 

• PROPER PHASE OF DEMODULATOR ELIMINATES NULL SIGNAL 

BUT NOT SENSITIVITY 

5-29 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
Vin= +0.030 ips 7.5 hz 

2.2 ft-c 

MODULATION VELOCITY 

60c 

Vin=0 

Vin= -0.030 ips 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SEORCT /DOR IAN 

NULL AND VELOCITY PHASE 

RELATIONSHIPS 

(di 

= 

44 ms 

MODULATION DISPLACEMENT 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 5-30 
S :=2 12 volts/inch/second 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEC-RET/DOR IAN 

DEMODULATED OUTPUT 

DEMODULATOR LAGGING TACH 

BY 90' 

'1.5 hz 

2 ft-c 

+0.003 inch/second 

-0.003 inch/second 

DEMODULATOR PHASE SET FOR 

MINIMUM NULL VELOCITY OUTPUT 

0 

b 

0.25 volt 

T 

10 seconds S 10 volts/inch/second 

/DORIAN 

5-31/32 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FoFIANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 201

tECRET/DOR IAN 

GAIN FACTOR 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-33134 
NRoAPHANDIEERVIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEAs DOR IAN 

GAIN FACTOR 

IMPACT 

• GAIN FACTOR MUST BE CONSTANT FOR SERVO STABILITY 

POTENTIAL SOLUTION 

• VIDEO AGC 

5-35 —SC /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-&EGREFIDORIAN 

AGC PRINCIPLE 

`

AVERAGE VOLTAGE E(cox) AT DETECTOR 

OUTPUT—volts/ brightnesso 2

SENSITIVITY NTSIPTUIVI TTY IC(cox) AT DETECTOR 

volts/inch/second 

brightness2 

SPATIAL FREQUENCY, coxcycles/mm 

SHAPING. FILTER WILL MAKE E(cox) PROPORTIONAL TO K(cox) 

SCCRET/DORIAN 

5-36 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
AVERAGE RECTIFIED VIDEO 

FUNDAMENTAL FOR CONSTANT 

SCENE VELOCITY 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JuLyMNDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRE-T/DORIAN 

AGC 

AVERAGE VALUE AND FUNDAMENTAL SIGNAL VARY 

WITH SCENE IN THE SAME MANNER 

5-37138 

SCCRCT/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOrt, 

RELEASE 1 JULY 20/CANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SpEGRET/DOR IAN 

CROSS-COUPLING 

5-39140 

SECRET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

CROSS-COUPLING 

IMPACT 

• A SCENE WITH PREDOMINANT DIAGONAL LINES 

PRODUCES X OUTPUT FOR Y VELOCITY WHICH 

AFFECTS SERVO RESPONSE AND/OR STABILITY 

SOLUTION 

• OPTIMIZE FIELD OF VIEW 

5-41/42 
NRO APPROVED FcRANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 201 

/DORIAN 

FREQUENCY RESPONSE 

CCGRCT/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-43/44 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IAN 

FREQUENCY RESPONSE 

IMPACT 

• EXCESSIVE PHASE LAG AFFECTS SERVO RESPONSE 

• IMAGE VIBRATION NEAR fm/2 COULD PRODUCE FALSE OUTPUT 

SOLUTION 

• INCREASE TV CAMERA FRAME RATE AND MODULATION 

FREQUENCY 

ZECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-45146 
NRO APPROVED FOR,, 

RELEASE 1 JuLy21010NDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-8-EGRET/DORIAN 

CLOUD COVER 

•■•11P DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

5-47/48 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-S /DORIAN 

CLOUD COVER 

2:1 RELAY 

• SENSOR FORMAT -635 x 870 ft 

• FORMAT PROBABLY COMPLETELY OBSCURED OR 

COMPLETELY FREE 

LARGER FIELD OF VIEW 

• VIDEO SIGNAL MAY BE USED TO SENSE CLOUD PRESENCE 

5-49/50 

-SEGR-E-T1DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SECRE-WDORIAN 

SUMMARY 

• VIDICON ILLUMINATION > 1 ft-c FOR LINEAR RESPONSE 

INTENSIFIED VIDICON WITH ILLUMINATION CONTROL 

• PEAK MODULATION VELOCITY > MAXIMUM IMAGE VELOCITY 

AT VIDICON 

• DEMODULATOR PHASE SET FOR MINIMUM BIAS VARIATIONS 

• VIDEO BANDWIDTH SET FOR OPTIMUM SENSITIVITY/BIAS RATIO 

• AGC USING SHAPED RECTIFIED VIDEO AND/OR SECOND 

HARMONIC 

SECRET/DORIAN 

5-51 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

ADVANTAGES OF ITEK SENSOR 

• EXTREMELY LOW ILLUMINATION AND CONTRAST OPERATION 

• NO DYNAMIC NULL PROBLEM 

• SENSES VELOCITY AT CENTER OF FORMAT 

• UTILIZES REDUCTION OF VIDEO POWER EVERYWHERE IN 

SENSOR FORMAT 

• SPACE-QUALIFIED VIDICON CAMERA 

• MIL-SPEC IMAGE INTENSIFIER 

5-52 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

NRO APPROVED F NDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY t* 

RELEASE 1 JULY 203.6G.REMIM/D OR IAN 

GOODYEAR IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR PROGRAM 

6-1/2 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

GOODYEAR PRESENTATION TOPICS 

• RELATED EXPERIENCE 

• THEORY CF OPERATION 

• COMPLIANCE FORECAST VS REQUIREMENTS 

• IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS 

• GROWTH 

• SUMMARY 

6-314 -SEGRE-T--/-DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FGRA rvANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 201

S

5_, 

CCRET/DORIAN 

RELATED EXPERIENCE 

EeRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-516 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

RELATED CONTRACTS (CORRELATION) 

MISSILE GUIDANCE AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION 

4 ATRAN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 

4 MODEL M ATRAN DEVELOPMENT 

• AN/DPQ-4 DEVELOPMENT 

• TRITON GUIDANCE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 

• AN/DPQ-4 PRODUCTION 

• REGULUS II GUIDANCE DEVELOPMENT 

A PINPOINT GUIDANCE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 

4 MIDCOURSE GUIDANCE STUDY 

4 ICBM GUIDANCE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 

A TERMINAL GUIDANCE STUDY 

A GLOBAL RANGE MISSILE GUIDANCE STUDY 

4 TERMINAL POSITION LOCATION SYSTEM STUDY 

A HITTING MISSILE GUIDANCE STUDY 

• OPTAG GUIDANCE DEVELOPMENT 

CAMERA CONTROLS 

4 V/ H SENSOR DEVELOPMENT 

A V/ H NIGHT SENSOR DEVELOPMENT 

A AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT 

FREM SENSOR DEVELOPMENT 

FUNDED BY 

A AIR FORCE 

13 ARMY 

• NAVY 

• ATRAN BOMBING EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT 

• CHECKPOINT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 

4 PARADROP NAVIGATION DEVELOPMENT 

• REPEATABLE FLIGHT LINE DEVELOPMENT 

WEAPON POINTING 

• TANK GUN CONTROL DEVELOPMENT 

• HELICOPTER OPTICAL TRACKER DEVELOPMENT 

IMAGE PROCESSING 

4 CORRELATION DATA CONVERSION 

• CORRELATION FOR TARGET RECOGNITION 

O MINE DETECTION TECHNIQUES 

CI AUTOMATIC CHANGE DETECTOR 

• REFERENCE DATA EVALUATION 

A LONG TERM CHANGE DETECTOR 

O MULTIPLE IMAGE INTRODUCTION 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-7 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

'SECRET/DORIAN 

I VS PROGRAMS 

• FEAS I B I LITY PROGRAM - AF 04(695)-914 

4 OCT 1965 

• DEFINITION PROGRAM - AF 18(600)-2967 

1 JULY 1966 

• EVALUATION PHASE OF DEFINITION PROGRAM - AF 18(600)-2967 MOD NO. 2 

2 MAY 1967 

• PROTOTYPE EVALUATION PROGRAM - GE PO 029B25006 

8 SEPT 1967 

SECRET-100 R IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-8 
NRO APPROVED FO RI A TANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 201 

-SEORETIDOR IAN 

THEORY OF OPERATION 

-SEClitETIDOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-9110 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SECITEPWCIOR IAN 

THEORY OF OPERATION 

• AREA CORRELATION PRINCIPLE 

• IVS CONCEPT 

• CORRELATRON OPERATION 

• GENE RATION OF ERROR SIGNAL 

• CORRELATRON FEATURES 

6-11/12 

-„EGRET .DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVE:44 R, rpLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 

ECRET/DOR IAN 

SECRET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN .SYSTEM ONLY 

6-13/14 
NRO APPROVEHMD LE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY

g tCRET/DORIAN 

STORED 

-SE-GRE-T-/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-15 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 201J5 tiANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SeeRE-WDORIAN 

I VS CONCEPT 

INPUT 

IMAGE 

SENSOR 

ThFwD. 

GAIN RATE 

OUTPUT 

POSITION 

FEEDBACK 

4.1.11.1.111..11.1.1.1 FEEDBACK 14

I NTEGRATER 

--GEGRET4DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-16 
NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

CORRELATRON OPERATION 

veizec 

ON 0 

'/i4e4c, 

D

EG

R

EE 

OF C

O

RRELATION 

STORAGE MESH 

ELECTRON 

IllreMULTI PL I ER 

-SeeRETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-17 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

r. ECR ET/DOR IAN 

GENERATION OF ERROR SIGNAL 

2w 

M, 0 

4-- 

frieGRET4DOR1AN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-18 
I I 

CASE I I 

-3. OV -2. OV I I -1.0V 

CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT 

% TRANSMI SS ION 

100 

80 

10•1111.1.1/ 

60 

20 

.1111111=0, 

■•■ • ■•••••••■ ■•■•••• •••••■■ ■••••■ 

CASE I 

CASE I CASE I I 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

_RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEeREINDOR IAN 

SCCRCT /DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-19/20 
NRO APPROVED Fq

r

qANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY no 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

COMPLIANCE FORECAST VS REQUIREMENTS 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-21(22 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IAN 

EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 

ITEM 

STATUS 

REQUIREMENT PRESENT CDR 

0 DYNAMIC RANGE 0-0.3 IPS 0-0.5 IPS 0-0.5 IPS 

GAIN FACTOR 16.67 V/ IPS 16.67 V/ IPS 16.67 V/ IPS 

(LOW LIGHT 

LEVEL ) 

0 LINEARITY 

LARGE SIGNAL REGION SLOPE LIMITS (0.75-1.25) 0.9-1.1 0.9-1.1 

NULL REGION SLOPE LIMITS (0.9-1.1) 0.9-1.1 0.9-1.1 

0 SATURATION 5V/ 0.3 IPS 5V/ 0.3 IPS 5V/ 0.3 IPS 

NOISE & BIAS (NULL REGION) 0.01 IPS (2 a) 0.01 IPS (2 cr) 0.01 IPS (2 cr) 

O FREQUENCY RESPONSE 1ST ORDER LAG OVER OUT- 1ST ORDER LAG SATISFY SYSPUT RANGE 0.001-0.25 IPS AT 3.5HZ TEM REQUIREBREAK -. 1 HZ MENTS 

❑ RECOVERY TIME AFTER 

SATURATION 

IN SATURATION OVER 2 SEC, 

RECOVERY s 0.5 SEC 

0.25 SEC (MAX) 0.25 SEC (MAX) 

IN SATURATION 2 SEC OR 0.1 SEC (MAX) 0.1 SEC (MAX) 

LESS, RECOVERY s 0.1 SEC UNLESS RECYCLE OCCURS 

O SUB-THRESHOLD IRRADIANCE FLAT INPUT OF 4 x 10-9 MEETS RE- MEETS RENa" SIGNAL WT/CM2PER 10 NANO- QUIREMENTS QUIREMENTS 

METER (a) OVER RANGE 

400-900 NANOMETERS 

0 RELIABILITY MTBF a 10,000 HRS 15,500 HRS 15,500 HRS 

0 WARMUP TIME s 2 MIN 10 SEC 10 SEC 

-SEGRE-T-/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-23 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 itiAlstatE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SCCRCT /DOR IAN 

EQUIPMENT INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS 

ITEM REQUIREMENT 

STA TUS 

PRESENT CDR 

0 INPUT POWER 

AVERAGE < 26 WATTS 25.6 WATTS 21 WATTS 

PEAK < 50 WATTS 29.5 WATTS 29.5 WATTS 

0 WEIGHT 

SENSOR s 14 LB 14.8 LB 11.5 LB 

SYSTE M 

o SPACE ENVELOPE 

s 23 LB 21.5 LB 19.5 LB 

SENSOR PER DWG 711-03013 8.9 DIA X 18.75 7 DIA X 16 

ELECTRONICS ASSY 6X9X6 IN. 6X9X6 IN. 6X9X6 IN. 

CG OF SENSOR 

DISTANCE FROM MTG WITHIN 0.25 IN. WITHIN 0.1 IN. WITHIN 0.1 IN. 

PLANE q, 

DISTANCE FROM s7.25 IN. 7.23 IN. 4.9 IN. 

IMAGE PLANE 

THERMAL DISSIPATION 

HEAD DESIGN GOAL <3 WATTS 8.9 WATTS 3 WATTS 

0 GENERATED DISTURBANCES 

VIBRATION (DURING EXPOSURE) 3.0 IN.-OZ. (ANY AXIS) 

s 0.01 LB AXIAL FORCE 

(ANY AXIS) NONE ONE 

(DURING SLEW) 2 X ABOVE 

RESONANCE > 55 HZ 

ACOUSTIC NOISE PER 3.2.13 OF DR 1100B 

-SEGRET MOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-24 
NRO APPROVED F451ANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 2015- 

SCCRETIDOR IAN 

IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS 

/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-25/26 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS 

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN 

BREADBOARD TESTING 

AND SOLUTIONS 

SOLUTIONS 

• LOW ILLUMINATION IMPROVED CORRELATRON 

• LOW CONTRAST INCREASED SENSITIVITY • 4:1 

CIRCUITRY REFINEMENTS 

SIN IMPROVEMENT • 2:1 

EXTENDED ILLUMINATION • 3:1 

TOTAL IMPROVEMENT • 24:1 

• DYNAMIC NULL RESULT OF SIMULATION FOV 

NON-EXISTENT IN REAL CASE 

SCCRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-27 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JuLkINCLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

T /DORIAN 

GOODYEAR PERFORMANCE VS SCENE CONTENT 

40 

30 

0 

L8i20 

.et z 

O 

( z n10 

W 0 0 

...- A 

... ..... ..... 

,, 

... 

.0. 

54'I 

. 

/. 

.0° 

.0'. 

/ 

--9--- 

. 

_.......... 

■•'' 

.e' 

.o.' 

_ ______ 

... 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . . 

. 

1 ,.. 

)1--# 

. . . 

ID 

... 

O. 005 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.2 

IMAGE PLANE AVERAGE LIGHT LEVEL (FT-CAND) 

EVALUATION TEST POINTS 

IMPROVED SYSTEM TEST POINTS 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

_J 

6-28 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

HIGH CONTRAST, MID-RANGE ILLUMINATION IMAGERY 

-S /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-29 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY.2Q15 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

CECr-C-T-tDOR IAN 

MINIMUM MODULATION AND ILLUMINATION IMAGERY 

6-30 SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SCCRET/DOR IAN 

MINI MUM CONTRAST, MAXI MUM ILLUMINATION IMAGERY 

-SEGRET-/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 6-31 
+.04 

+0 03 

-FQ02 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

EGRET/DOR IAN 

S IMULATOR 

SCALE 

+. 05 

DYNAMIC NULL REAL WORLD 

SCALE 

00056 

. 00042 

00028 

-004 

-. 05 

-40 

00014 

0 

. 00014 

. 00028 

-. 00042 

. 00056 

-20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 

PITCH ANGLE 

(DEGREES ) 

CCCRET /DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

+ ALONG. 01 

TRACK 0 

VELOC 1 TY 

(IPS) -. 01 

-. 02 

-.03 

6-32 
COS3 

- 

10 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 4 

0.8 

0 

0.6 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

IMAGE PLANE ILLUMINATION 

1.0 

PITCH ANGLE (DEGREES) 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-33 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

INTENSITY VARIATION OF THE SIMULATED CASE 

HAVING A FOCAL LENGTH OF 7" 

PITCH ANGLE 

0

0 5

0 10° 

1.0 

IV 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

15. 

20° 

250 

30° 

350 

40° 

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 

DISTANCE FROM CATHODE CENTER (INCHES) 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-34 
NRO APPROVED FOR RELEASE 1 idMIA15.E VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

INTENSITY VARIATION OF THE REAL CASE 

HAVING A FOCAL LENGTH 

PITCH ANGLE 

0° 5° 

100 ∎ \ 100 =UMW, 

20° 

0 8 

Q6

V) 

30° 

1- 

0 4 

002 

-00 3 -a 2 -001 a 0 a 1 0.2 0.3 

DISTANCE FROM CATHODE CENTER (INCHES) 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

25° 

35° 

40° 

■•■ 

6-35 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DORIAN 

TRADE-OFFS TO DATE 

IMPROVEMENT PENALTY 

• INCREASED TUBE - NEGLIGIBLE 

SENSITIVITY 

• IMPROVED CIRCUIT - NEGLIGIBLE 

S I GNAL-TO-NOI SE 

• CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT - NORMAL OUTGROWTH OF 

ABOVE ITEMS 

SCCRCT/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-36 
- ALL SOLID-STATE SWITCHING 

- HERMETICALLY SEALED ASSEMBLIES 

- MAXIMUM USE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 

SCCRCT/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-37138 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

GOODYEAR SYSTEM FEATURES 

• PERFORMANCE - FULL COMPLIANCE 

- FAST RESPONSE 

- INSENSITIVITY TO DEFOCUS 

- LOW VELOCITY THRESHOLD 

NULL SEEKING 

- LOW ILLUMINATION 

- LOW CONTRAST 

NO GENERATED DISTURBANCES 

• RELIABILITY - 15,500 HOURS MTBF 

- NO MOVING PARTS 

- NO HOT CATHODES 

- MAXIMUM USE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 

• USEFUL LIFE - GREATER THAN 4000 HOURS 
NRO APPROVED FNANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2011

ECRETIDOR IAN 

GROWTH 

-SEGRE/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-39140 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SCCRCT/DOR IAN 

GROWTH POTENTIAL 

• IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT 

• POINTING 

• PERFORMANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF CLOUDS 

SECRET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-41 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 AbiARDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR1AN 

REQUIRED TASKS - CLOUDS 

• ESTABLISH CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS 

• EVALUATE PRESENT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE (13 TO 88 PERCENT) 

• DETERMINE TRADE-OFFS TO PROVIDE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 

RESTRICTED FOV 

RECYCLE TIME 

- SELECTED NUTATION DIAMETER 

EXPOSURE SELECTION 

"READ" BIAS SELECTION 

SIZE, WEIGHT, POWER & RELIABILITY 

• DEVELOP SYSTEM MODIFICATION 

• PERFORM SYSTEM EVALUATION TESTS 

• INCORPORATE DESIGN INTO IVS 

6-42 

-SEORETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

LI 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

SUMMARY 

• GOODYEAR IVS SATISFIES ALL CRITICAL PERFORMANCE 

REQUIREMENTS 

LOW LIGHT LEVEL 

LOW CONTRAST 

- VELOCITY THRESHOLD 

- NULL ACCURACY 

- DYNAMIC RANGE 

LINEARITY 

NO GENERATED DISTURBANCES 

• GOODYEAR IVS CAN SATISFY ALL SECONDARY OBJECTIVES 

- SENSOR AND SYSTEM WEIGHT 

- SENSOR SYSTEM POWER 

- SAFETY 

- RELIABILITY 

- DYNAMIC RESPONSE 

• GOODYEAR IVS HAS GROWTH POTENTIAL 

- IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT 

- PERFORMANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF CLOUDS 

-SEGRET-IDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

6-43/44 
NRO APPROVED FOR... AtANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 2 

SECRET/DOR1AN 

HYCON IMAGE VELOCITY SENSOR PROGRAM 

-SEGRETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-112 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SEGRETID OR•1 A N 

SCOPE 

RELATED EXPERIENCE 

EORY OF OPERATION 

EN GI NEER] NG :`PROTOTYPE 

EQU I PMENT REQU I REMENTS 

DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS, A 

N Mit V 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-314 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-5/6 
7 a 1 9 0 5 166 7 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

r

- HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

EC DOR IAN 

DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES 

9 164 

AUTO CONTOUR PLOTTER 

V/H SENSOR STUDY 

(CORRELAT I ON-DELAY) 

VIH SENSORS STUDY 

WITH VVPAFB 

HETERODYNE STUDY 

BREADBOARD SINGLE AXIS 

SENSOR WITH CONTINOUS 

BELT (MOVING GRID) 

FLYABLE BREADBOARD OF 

DISK SENSOR AND FLT TEST 

3 EVALUATION AND 'TEST 

MODELS 

12 PRODUCTION UNITS HG-453 

FOR USAF (SPECIAL PROJECTS) 

-IVS BREADBOARD 

FLT TESTS HG-453 IN SR-71. 

DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-7 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN, sy§Tem„. 9NLy 

SECft IAN 

DETECTOR 

t411LE viA BYE AN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-8 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
NIRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-9/10 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM -ONLY 

DETECTOR ELECTRON CS PACKAGE 

I MAGE 

MOTION 

SIGNAL 

SECRCT/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-11 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA E3YEMAN SYSTEM ONLY. SECRET--/DORIAN 

IVS OPTICAL SCHEMATIC 

X RELAY LENS 

X PHOTOMULT( PLIER 

90° ROTATION 

SYSTEM 

CUBE BEAM SPLITTER 

Y PHOTOMULTI PL I ER 

Y RELAY LENS 

&GALLIUM ARSENIDE LIGHT 

SOURCE AND PHOTODIODE PAIR 

SELF-TEST LAMP ARRAY 

PENTAREFLECTOR FOLDING SYSTEM 

SCCRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYE MAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-12 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANuLL VIA BYEMAN TEtiM1 ONLY 

-S /DOR IAN 

IVS BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM 

VOLTAGE FROM AGC 

DETECTOR I ELECTRONICS PACKAGE 

X-IMAGE 

X- REF 

SOURCE 

MEMORY 

INSTRUCTION 

MEMORY 

INSTRUCTION 

VOLTAGE FROM AGC 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-13 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

DETECTOR ELECTRONICS 

X-IMAGE OUT

,. 

X-REF OUT 

Y-REF OUT 

Y-IMAGE OUT 

SFGRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-14 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
DC REFERENCE 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

DISK SERVO BLOCK DIAGRAM 

LEFT X-REF DET 

TO X PHASE 

MODULATOR 

30,720 HZ 

RIGHT 

X-REF DET 

400-HZ 

REFERENCE 

A • 

ERROR 

DISK' -f o1 

o 

400-HZ CONTROL 

44114 SECRET/DOR1AN 

A GALLIUM ARSENIDE ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODES 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-15 
C25 

0.35 VOLT RADIAN 

4.25 VOLTS 

FULL SCALE 

20K 

0.05 

1K 

12.56 RAD 

4 TV 

22K 

ONE SHOTS 

II 

0.01 

4 

21 K 1 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

_LC16 

R20 -0.01 

100K 

R16 

47r RADIANS 

FULL SCALE 

11-HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

T DORIAN 

PHASE-LOCK 

SAWTOOTH COMPARATOR 

91 K8 

1.5 VOLTS 

RADIAN 

LAG COMPENSATOR AMPLIFIER 

45 

(1x10-3 `S+1) rm 

2.2K 

PHASE MODULATOR 

TO OUTPUT 

~AMPLIFIER 

3 (1x10 3

S+1) 

1:30X10 6S -F1 ) (50x10.-" S+1) 

INTEGRATOR 

MODIFIED LOOP 

K KO K K KM 

(1.51- 

A I M 

(1.5) (45) (21) (3) 

3,800 

SCCRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONL Y 

7-16 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

MEMORY AND OUTPUT 

'1

05 

100K 

Rf 

MEMORY 

GATE 

VELOCITY 

ANALO Ri 

AR5 

30-HZ NOTCH I VS 

NETWORK AND OUTPUT 

OUTPUT 

■ 

AMPLIFIER 

FROM PHASE 7K 

LOCK LOOP 

7-17118 

SCCRET-/-DOR IAN 

HANI11 F VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-19120 
"- HANDLE VIA BYEMAN BYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/o-OR 

OMANANOLEVIA:' ‘ibi4AKSYSTEM:ONLY. 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-21 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM .ONLY 

SECR ET /UOR IAN 

FIANDLt:.VIA:.:.BYtMAN'SYSTEM 

7-22 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
6" .1 

NL: 

- tra /400 

- Ilttf 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

INPUT/OUTPUT PC BOARD 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONE Y 

7-23 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DORIAN 

HYCON IVS ASSEMBLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY _ 

7-24 
NRO APPROVED FOFIANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

RELEASE 1 JULY 20 DOR IAN 

EQ U I PMENT REQUIREMENTS 

7-25126 SECRET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAM 

EQU p QU REMENTS 

DYNAMIC RANGE 

PERFORMANCE 

NOW CDR (EST) 

1.0 IPS SAME 

16.67 V/1 PS SAME 

III LINEARITY 

LARGE SIGNA • SLOPE LIMITS SAME 

1.00 ± <0.10 SAME 

SLOPE LIMITS SAME 

1.00 ± <0 05 SAME 

SATURATION :MEETS .REQUIRE7 SAME 

MENTS:.EASILY 

BECRETYDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-27 
PERFORMANCE 

CDR (EST) 

SA ME 

FREQUENCY RES PONS E, 1ST OR DER LAG. OVER. MEETS REQUIRE SAME 

OUTPUT RANGE 001 MENTS 

25 1 PS BREAK FREQ. 

. RECOVER Y T1 ME -A N 'SATURATI ON OVER. 0 050 (SEC. SAME 

.. 

SATURATION . S ERECOVERY:: 

5 S E 'SA 

RECOVER 

'DOR IAN 

11,1uNiaLt-VtA 13YEMAN •SYSTrN4 ONL Y ...4 

7-28 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA E3YEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DOR IAN 

EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCEREQUIREMENTS (CONY) 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

r SECRET/DOR IAN 

EQU I PIYIENT'PERFQR NIA NCEREQUl REA/MIS ..{-CONT) 

SUB-THRESHOLD IRRADIANCE SIGNAL 

REQU I REMENT 

FLAT INPUT OF 4 X 10-9 

WATTS/CM PER 10 2 

NANOMETERS (A r) OVER 

RANGE 400 - 900 NANOMETERS 

PERFORMANCE 

NOW CDR (EST) 

MEETS REQUIRE- SAME 

MENTS 

RELIABILITY MTBF ?-10,000 HOURS 21,500 HRS 

(CAL) 

WILL MEET 

2 MINUTES <40 SECONDS SAME 

-SEGRET / DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-29 

WARM-UP. TIME 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASOIIULt-I Y.2A,01 

N5D LE VIA BYEIVIAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DOR IAN 

EQUIP 

INPUT POWER 

AVERAGE 

7-30 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE. VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

ECRETIOORIA 

EQUIP 

PERFORMANCE 

CDR (EST) 

CG OF HEAD 

DI STANCE FROM 

CENTER L I NE .N0R IVIA 

TO MOUNTING ,,PLA 

W I TH1 25' WILL MEET 

1111 THERMAL D I SSIPATI 

< 4 WATTS 

ORIAN 

ANOLENIA'SYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-31 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEKONLY 

ECF.2C711)-Ofil 

EQ U PME 

GENERATED D I STUR BA 

VIBRATION (DURING (ANY -AX S) 

Ex pcsuRE): 01-Lg. AX IAL.fORCE. 

(ANY AX IS ) 

PERFORMANCE 

CDR (EST) 

WILL MEET 

14AKirrVF":":VIA."11YVKAAN:I.YSTr)V1 eiN I V• 

WILL MEET 

WILL MEET 

7-32 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-33134 
7-35 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

-HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IAN 

DROPOUTS 

SECRCT/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

MEMORY AND OUTPUT 

AR5 

I I 

1 5 

C f 

100K 

Rf 

MEMORY 

GATE 

VELOCITY 

ANALOG RI I • 

FROM PHASE 7K 

LOCK LOOP 

30-HZ NOTCH IVS 

NETWORK AND OUTPUT 

OUTPUT ■ 

AMPLIFIER 

SE 'DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-36 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DORIAN 

SCALLOPING 

IVS OUTPUT 

VOLTAGE FOR 

CONSTANT 

INPUT 

VELOCITY 

TIME 

SCCRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-37 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

GAUSSIAN APERTURE 

-SEG-1;MT DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY../ 

7-38 
+30° +15° 0 -15° -30° 

0.05 IPS 

0.01 IPS 

0 

0.01 IPS 

0.05 IPS 

-.ma Rim. .41111110111•11111. Amomminenum 411111111111111uNimma Aimmununnuft 111111110111m11111.11111.11 IIEMEMEIrq1M1111111111 11111111111M1M...41=1111111111111• 

1111111.111111•1111111•1111. 1111111111111M111Moir 

111111111.1111111111UMW '141111■111111111111V 

AllumINUMMIO. 

1111111•11111111MINIM muummulaMmIlllik innuminiumms iimmormummon SII111111111116.AINEMIEMI 1111111111111.11MMEIMM 111111111.1.111111111111.1111. 

11101.1.1.11.1111111111111/ mummenisimmuir 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYENIAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-CECRET/DOR IAN 

DYNA M I C NULL 

NADIR 

SECRET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYE MAN SYSTEM oNt 

7-39140 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-41(42 
D I S PLACEMENT 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

GAUSSIAN APERTURE 

ON AXIS 

ATTENUATI ON OF PER I PHERAL ELEMENTS 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-43 
(REF VOLTAGE) 

0.01 I NCH/SECOND 

REFERENCE VOLTAGE 

DETECTOR 

ACQU IS ITI ON 

IVs OUTPUT 

VOLTAGE 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-44 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

'HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DOR IAN 

ADAPTIVE BANDWIDTH CONTROL 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-45146 
Y -

OUTPUT 

Y-F I LTER 

Y-IMAGE 

DETECTOR I ELECTRONICS 

PACKAGE 

h

PMT x_ I MAG , X-F I LTER 

OUTPUT 

X-REF 

RIAN 

X- PHOTOD I ODE 

Y- PHOTOD I ODE 

NRO APPROWD F

TANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 2 5 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HERRINGBONE X-Y SENSOR 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-47 
4-4 -10 

et FET 1 FET 2 FET 3 

92,160 PPS 

IMAGE 

'REF r\f• 

30,720 

REF 

LIMITER 

3RD— 

HARMONIC 

SELECTOR 

3-STAGE 

RING 

COUNTER 

FIELD EFFECT 

TRANSISTOR 

DRI VERS 

V 

TO 

DISK SERVO 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

THE COMMUTATING FILTER 

4--3—; 

4— 2 

0° 90° 180° 270° 360° 

Ri 

C)e in 

C4 -r-C1 

/ // 

- J., 

315° 

1 

0° 

1 // 

— — 45° 

\

\ 

90° 

e out 

e in 

e out 0 

TC3 TC2 

/ • / 

\A, 

et 

ICI IC2 

7-48 

BANDWIDTH 

RI CONTROL 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

G m 
PINNING: DISK.: 

TYPI CAL•FIXED. TEST. 

. POI.NT:'LlGtit.SOURCE.: 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY . 

7-SEGRETIDO 

PHOTOS IGNAL 

OUTPUT 

HANDLE VIA BYE MAN SYSTEM ONLY. 

7-49150 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

7-51152 
ALTERNATE RED AND BLUE DISK SECTORS. 

EQUAL RESPONSE OF DETECTOR TO RED AND 

BLUE CLOUD SIGNAL YIELDS NO RESPONSE: 

TERRAIN REFLECTIVITY IS DIFFERENT. FROM 

CLOUD REFLECTIVITY. 

A DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE BETWEEN RED 

AND. BLUE FILTERING YIELDS A USEFUL 

SIGNAL AT HIGH SUN ANGLES. 

SECRET DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN- SYSTEM ONLY 

7-53 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANULL VIA t3YLNIAN bYb I LMVI ONLY 

,__R IAN 

CLOUD CANCELLATION-RED AND BLUE FILTERING 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASRPT Julk-INNT) LE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-S-EGFIET/DOR IAN 

DISK COLOR STRIPING 

PRODUCT OF IMAGE PLANE 

IRRADIANCE AND 

PHOTOCATHODE RESPONSE 

AREA B 

AREA A = AREA B 

LUMINOUS 

POWER 

400 

I t 

500 600 700 800 900 

WAVELENGTH, NANOMETERS 

SECRCT /DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY -.. 

7-54 
HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

LOW 

POWER 

(25W) 

HIGH 

SENSITIVITY 

4(1:1 

C DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

7-55156 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 
NRO APPROVED FOR H

ANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

--s DORIAN 

GE EVALUATION AND SUMMARY S HOBBS 

-CECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-112 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN ITEK IVS STATUS 

PROBLEM CAUSE VENDOR SUGGESTED FIX STATUS 

SCENE SENSITIVE BIAS 

INDICATED VELOCITY 

UNDER STATIC NULL 

CONDITION 

NON LINEAR RESPONSE 

GAIN OF SENSOR 

STRONGLY DEPENDENT 

ON AVERAGE LIGHT 

NON LINEARITIES 

IN SENSOR FRONT 

END 

INHERENT NONLINEAR RESPONSE 

OF VIDICON WITH 

CHANGING ILLUM- 

!NATION 

• MINIMIZE NON 

LINEARITIES BY 

FIELD SPLITTING 

• OFFSET PHASE 

SENSITIVE DETECTOR 

TO MINIMIZE 

STATIONARY BIAS 

VECTOR 

• ADD IMAGE INTENSI FIER IN AGC CONFIGURATION TO 

MAINTAIN CONSTANT 

HIGH LEVEL OF ILLUMINATION AT 

VIDICON 

• IMPROVE SECOND 

HARMONIC AGC LOOP 

AOBSERVED FIX AT 

ITEK SHOWS THAT 

FIELD SPLITTING 

IMPROVED NULL 

ACCURACY FOR 

LIMITED SCENES 

TESTED 

• NEW POINT JUST 

MADE BY ITEK - GE 

HAS NOT EVALUATED 

PROBABILITY OF 

SUCCESS 

❑ FIX TECHNICALLY 

FEASIBLE BUT NOT 

DEMONSTRATED 

• IMPROVED SECOND 

HARMONIC AGC 

LOOP NOT 

DEMONSTRATED 

-SE DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-3 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY2D15 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DOR IAN 

ITEK IVS STATUS (CONT) 

PROBLEM CAUSE VENDOR SUGGESTED FIX STATUS 

CROSS COUPLING 

X ANDY AXES NOT 

INDEPENDENT OF ONE 

ANOTHER 

I USE OFOFF AXIS 

PATCH FOR 

CROSS TRACK INFO 

• DIAGONAL ELEMENTS 

IN FOV 

• ADD BEAM SPLITTER; 

TAKE BOTH PATCHES 

FROM CENTER 

■ DEGREE OF EFFECTIVENESS UNKNOWN 

SeeR-E-T-1-DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-4 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IAN 

GOODYEAR IVS STATUS 

PROBLEM CAUSE VENDOR SUGGESTED FIX STATUS 

SENSITIVITY 

ILLUMINATION 

THRESHOLD TOO 

HIGH 

CONTRAST 

INOPERATIVE 

ON LOW-CONTRAST 

SCENES, AND HIGH 

CONTRAST SCENES 

WITH HAZE 

INHERENT IN CORRELATRON SENSOR 

RESULT OF LIMITED 

LATITUDE OF OPERATI ON FOR STORAGE 

GRID OF 

CORRELATRON 

IMPROVED CORRELATRON 

• HIGHER TRANSMISSIBILITY MESH 

8 LOWER CAPACITANCE 

STORAGE GRID 

• MORE SENSITIVE 

PHOTOCATHODE 

OPTIMIZE TRADE-OFF 

BETWEEN SENSITIVITY 

AND OPERATIONAL 

LATITUDE 

0 CORRELATRON 

IMPROVEMENTS 

HAVE DEMONSTRATED 

A 4:1 INCREASE IN 

SENSITIVITY 

RECENT TESTS AT GE 

SHOW ADEQUATE 

SENSITIVITY FOR 

IMPROVED 

CORRELATRON 

❑ GOODYEAR STILL 

EXPERIMENTING WITH 

CORRELATRON AND 

ITS OPTIMAL 

OPERATIONAL MODE 

NO DEMONSTRATED 

SOLUTION TO DATE 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-5 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRCT/DOR IAN 

GOOD _...•..... ,........., 

PROBLEM CAUSE VENDOR SUGGESTED FIX STATUS 

DYNAMIC NULL 

ERRORS 

RE-CYCLING 

I VS TRACKING 

CENTER OF POWER 

REQUIREMENT TO 

UP-DATE STORED 

I MAGE 

EFFECT NOT PRESENT IN 

REAL WORLD OPERATION 

RE-CYCLE TIME CUT 

FROM 0.48 SEC TO 

0. 28 SEC MAX 

(7 GOODYEAR ANALYSIS 

SHOWS ERROR TO BE 

COMBINATIONS OF 

GE TESTER WIDE FOV 

AND GOODYEAR MODE 

OF OPERATION. GE 

HAS PARTIALLY 

VERIFIED RESULTS 

BY TESTS 

0 1VS WILL 

EXTRAPOLATE LAST 

VALID DATA 

THROUGH RE-CYCLE 

PERIODS 

--SEeRET-IDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-6 
fAt_E VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

/DOR IAN 

NRRELOEAPSPEROA 

HYCON IVS STATUS 

PROBLEM CAUSE VENDOR SUGGESTED FIX STATUS 

DYNAMIC NULL • IVS TRACKING SHADED OPTICAL ❑ GAUSSIAN SHADED 

ERROR CENTER OF PWR APERTURE APERTURE DETERMINED BY 

ERRONEOUS • SCENE ELEMENTS HYCON TO BE OPTIMAL 

INDICATED LEAVING AND GE COMPUTER RUN OF MATH 

VELOCITIES IN ENTERING FOV MODEL WITH NON-GAUSS IAN 

EXCESS OF SHADED APERTURE AND 40 

0.10 IPS AT POINT SCENE SHOW SOME 

ORB ITAL NULL IMPROVEMENT IN DYNAMIC 

NULL ACCURACY 

SIGNAL DROP-OUT 

AVERAGE - 3 PER • VECTORIAL SUM OF EXTRAPOLATE 0 FIX IMPLEMENTED IN B13: 

RUN DURATION SCENE ELEMENTS LAST VALID DATA TESTING INDICATES THAT 

0.5 SEC INSTANTANEOUSLY THROUGH DROP- FIX IS ADEQUATE 

GOES THROUGH OUT PERIODS 

ZERO 

SCALLOPING 

SEVERE • STATIONARY PHASE • SIZING OPTICAL 0 FIX DEMONSTRATED ON BB 

MODULATION ON VECTOR GENERATED APERTURE TO UNIT - APPEARS ADEQUATE 

TRUE, MEASURED BY CHOPPER SUBTEND INTEGRAL 

SCENE VELOCITIES MODULATION OF NO. OF CHOPPER 

OPTICAL APERTURE SPOKE PAIRS 

• APERTURE SHADING 

SECRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-7 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

DOR IAN i VS CRITICAL PROBLEM SUMMARY FROM BB EVALUATION TESTS 

PROBLEM I TEK GOODYEAR HYCON 

DYNAMIC NULL MEETS 0 0 EXCESSIVE 

INDICATED 

VELOCITY 

ERRORS 

VD EXCESSIVE 

INDICATED 

VELOCITY 

ERRORS 

VD 

SIGNAL LOSS 

DURING TRACK 

MEETS 0 0 RECYCLE DO SIGNAL 

DROPOUT 

DO 

ILLUMINATION 

SENSITIVITY 

AND CONTRAST 

MEETS V 0 FAILED 

IMPROVED 

V❑ MEETS 00 

CROSS COUPLING SEVERE 

FOR SOME 

SCENES 

VD MEETS 0 0 MEETS 00 

LINEARITY NONLINEAR 

WITH LIGHT 

CHANGES 

VD MEETS 00 MEETS 00 

SCENE SENSITIVE 

BIAS 

BIAS 

EXCEEDS 

WHOLE ERROR 

ALLOTMENT 

V V MEETS 00 MEETS 00 

SCALLOPING 

, 

MEETS 0 0 MEETS 00 MODULATED 

VELOCITY 

INDICATION 

L70 

PRESENT STATUS!, /DORIAN. 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-8 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

PLANNED EVALUATION ACTIVITY - PHASE II 

STUDIES 

• MATH MODELS AND ANALYSIS 

• DSS-1 TEST CONCEPTS 

• FLIGHT TESTS 

TESTING 

• SCENE MATERIAL - 3D, COLOR 

• CLOSED LOOP 

PROTOTYPE SENSORS 

• CLOUD SIMULATION 

-8-EGRET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-9 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

r- HANDLE VIA OYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEORET/DOR IAN CLOSED LOOP CONCEPT 

(PITCH AXIS ONLY) 

■ -411fferia-WOOR IAN 

8-10 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-8EGRET/DORIAN 

CLOSED LOOP TESTING STATUS 

ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE 

• S IMULATION OF TRACKING MIRROR DRIVE BY HYBRID COMPUTER 

• CLOSED LOOP BASELINE IN PITCH AXIS FOR HYCON AND GOODYEAR IVS UNITS 

RESULTS TO DATE 

• HYCON AND GOODYEAR UNITS STABLE IN PITCH 

• NULLOFFSET IN SENSOR TRANSFERRED TO TM DRIVE 

-SEORIETIDORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

8-11/12 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRET/DORIAN 

REQUIREMENTS RELATI ONSH I P 

SPDR / CEI SPECIFICATION I COMPONENT SPECIFICATION 

9-112 SECRET /DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
3.1.1.6.23 

Smear Rate Limits and Tracking Mirror Target Acquisition Time 

A 9 Slew and settle time --6-4 14 

Without IVS 

LOS 

Accuracy 

540 

N 

3 

With WS 4 

•R80 of vibration, servo and TVS - no cross format IMC, target 

not obscured by clouds. 

NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-&EeRE-T/DOR IAN 

System Performance and Design Requirement 

(sPDR) 

Contract End Item Specification 

(CFI) 

IVS - Specification 

EC701 (Rev -5) 

3. 0. 1. 1. 1 Photographic Requirements 

..Resolution Photography (On Axis) 

with: 

2:1 contrast 

890 ft lamberts (meg scene lignt at aperture) 

At Nadir - 80 n mi orbit 

Focus Error - 

smear rate (1 sigma) 

3.3.3.1.2 

Total Navigation Control System (NCS) Contribution to Smear 

• Smear limit for IVS • (.85P) 

• NCS limit exclusive of IVS contribution 

(.95P) Vector Bum 

3.1. 1. .1•8. 3. 3.3 C IVS light level Performance 

• IVS shall I pptrute to split:Me:Mon over Weiner Spectrum 

Range defined by 

To be Lose., ,1:11 

eolopalahle ,t•i•nt, (TeD) 

per Section 

Avg Seine Iirightness 

3.1.1.2.s. 3 Tracking Rate With ICS) in Automatic Operation 

51.5LA 

• Image Velocity Sensor Imago characteristics (e.K. 

alignment, centering, locus, tranemittance, etc) 

*Note - will be removed from CEI via IFS 

3.1.1.2.8.3.2.4 Tracking Mirror Bate Accuracy With Vernier 

Correction Provided by 1VS 

(Same as or Page 4) 

3.1.1.2.8.3.3 Time Between Targets 

Mode !VS Vernier Correction LOS Rate Accuracy N 

(.93p) 

Manned No 340 rad/sec 3 

Automatic 

Yes 4 

Automatic No 540 u rad/ see 3 

Yes 4 

.3.1.1.2.8.3.2.4 Tracking Mirror Rate Accuracy With Vernier 

Correction Provided by 15'S 

Provide means for automatic sensing and correction of LOS rate 

error tram 4-340 0 rad/ see to l== (0.931') stereo and 

obliquity vector mom In accordance with Figure A. vibration 

error of (0.95P) In included in the 

(IVS error plus tracking mirror drive error RSS to 

3.2.1.2.4.2 Characteristics of Component Imaged. Average irradiance in component image - specified In 

terms of nanowatts/cm2/ 10 nanometers In maximum 

and minimum curve 

f. Image contrast and spatial frequency distribution 

GE to provide set of standard scenes 

Expected range of Wiener spectrum gain and roll off 

characteristic are TBD. 

3.1.1.1.1 Image Velocity Output Signals 

c. Noise and bias 

See Sheet 3 

1(20 

CURVE TSR 

1 

0 

STEREO ANGLE 

Maximum Na cooiribution when ITS plus tracking 

mirror drive RSS to 

TBD percent of area of TVS image within TBD feet of target 

altitude. 

Performance shall be satisfied with either IVS in the control 

loop (A mode) and with IVS to the control loop (MA mode) 

-SEGRET/DOR IAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 9-3 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE I JULY 2015HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET/DORIAN 

System Performance and Design Requirement 

(SPDR) 

Contract End Item Specification 

ICED 

IVS - Specification 

EC701 (Rev-6) 

3.1.1.6.26 

Image Velocity Compensation 

• Sense and control velocity. automatically at the center 

of format - (compliant w/ 3.1.1.6.23) 

• Utilize portion of scene imagery diverted from main 

optical system 

3.3.3.2.1.5 

Image Velocity Sensing 

• Image Velocity Sensing shall be provided 16 the Nrs 

• Operate, compliant with 3.1.1.6.23, at renter of format 

- 5° sun angle minimum 

- 5% of image forming light (With adequate inodulation) 

• Two IVS systems for automatic 

3.1.1 Functional CharacterisUcs 

(o) Provide capability to automatically null the LOS rate error 

attuning an IVS - Manned Automatic 

3.1.1.2.8.3.5 Image Velocity Sensor 

3.1.1. 2.8.3, 5.1 General 

Sense and measure residual Image velocity within central 2.4 

inch of the 9.4 inch COA image. 

3.1.1,1 Mission Requirements 

Operate, in automatic mode, with a minimum sun angle of e 

in an orbital pass between 80°14 and 80°S latitude. 

3.1.1.2.8.3.5.3 C tt5 Light Level Performance 

• 11/S shall operate to spec over Wiener spectrum range 

defined by 

TED 

AVG SCENE BRIGHTNESS 

3.1.1.2.8.3.5.2 map Velocity Sensors provided single 

(nonredundant) IVS for MA mode. Two (redundant) NS systems for 

A mode 

3.3.1 Functional Characteristics 

Sense translational image velocity of center of format, 

resolve into two vector components 

3.1.1.1.1 Image Velocity Output Signals 

16.67 V/ IPS - Absolute value with polarity sense signal 

a) Dynamic range - 0 to 0.3 IPS 10 to 600 p rad/ sec) 

b) Linearity - Large signal 4231; 

- Null region +10% 

c) Noise and bias - null region total of noise plus bias 

at tracking mirror less than 0. 011PS 2 sigma 

Large signal - some plus bias at tracking mirror 

requirement 0.01 IPS at 0.02 IPS (increases linearily 

to 0.03 IPS at 0.3 IPS) 

d) Saturation - shall not ”turate for indicated image 

velocities less than 0.3 IPS, polarity correct up to 

0.5 IPS, recovery from saturation within 0.1 sec if 

saturation leas than 2 seconds, 0.5 second if 

saturation in excess of 2 seconds. 

e) Frequency response - 1st order lag with break 

frequency greater than 1 Hz 

3. 2.1.2. 4.2 C haracteristice of Component Images 

a) Image format - 

• 

16 Image dynamic effects - image rotation, blooming. 

shearing will result from tracking scenes from 430 

degrees to -40 degrees in stereo and obliquity angles 

between *40 degrees. 

c) location of Image plane - 4.83 inches from intersection 

of component wits and secondary pellicle or mirror. 

Plane will shift total of 0. 041 inches over altitude range 

of 70 to 230 miles. MTF for these defocused conditions 

shown by curves. 

g) Uniformity of image irradiance - for uniformly 

reflecting target variation from center shall not exceed 

45%. 

IC2t) 

h) Polarization - at 560 nanometers degree of linear 

polarization will be approximately 0.60 

H max - H min 

P 14 max + H min 

where 

P • Degree of polarization 

11 • Irradiance measured through linear 

polarizer at orientations which produce 

max/min irradiance 

3.2.1.2.2.1 A/D Converter - GE will provide A/D converter 

to be incorporated into component electronics box by vendor. 

3.2.1.2.3.4 Alignment 

a. Rotation - X, Y electrical axes aligned to mounting 

base within 0.3 degrees. 

la, Centering - intersection of X, Y electrical axes 

located to owner of nimmting base to 40.005 inch. 

c. Tilt - optical axe. of X, Y shall be normal to mating 

face within 6 minutes of arc. 

9-4 SEC ET/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

SECRET /DOR IAN 

System Performance and Design Requirement 

(SPDR) 

Contract End Rem Specification 

(LEI) 

IVS Specification 

EC701 (Rev-el 

3.3.13.2.3.1 

Visual Optics 

Target viewing shall be provided with the IVS In or out 

of operation. 

• The GE-AVE (Mission Module Subsystem) shall 

provide a cloud detection capability utilizing 

IVS outputs 

3.1.1.2.8.3.5.3 D 

PIS Performance with Sliding Pellicle (MA) 

• NS shall operate to specification over a range of 

sun angles from 15 degrees to 90 degrees with the 

sliding Pellicle reflecting scene imagery to the WS 

3.1.1.2.8.3.5.4 Image Velocity Sensor (NB) Anomalies 

• Signals available from TVS In performance of primary 

function shall be processed 

• Objective of processing - to detect conditions of 

probable invalid NS image rate measurement 

• Either 

- Inhibit photography 

- Inhibit NB loop 

- Warn astronaut 

3.1.1.2.8.3.5.3 A self Test Capability • 

• Remove IVS from control loop 

• Exorable self test option 

• Indicate results to astro and AVE computer 

3.1.1.2.8.3.5.3 B Operability 

• WS shall operate over full range of TM gimbal angles 

given in 3.1.1.2.8.3.1.9 •3.1.1.2.8.3.1.1 

3.2.1.2.4.2d Characterics of Components Input Images 

d. Average irradiance In component Image specified by 

min/ max curve 

3.1.1.1.2 Lock on Signal - Provide signal for each axis 

Indicating sensing input oondition within 0.9 IPS 

9.1.1.1.3 Operational Readiness Signal - Provide signal 

indicating ability to perform requirements of this specification 

when provided with appropriate stimuli 

3.1.1.1.5 Subthreshold irradiance Signal - The components 

shall Indicate that average irradiance In primary image 18 

insufficient for performance within requirements of this 

specification 

3.2.1.2.2.3 Monitor and Alarm 8/ 8 - Two signals required 

as absolute value of rate signal 

a. 4V • 0.3 IPS 

b. 4V • 0.03 IPS 

output impedance 10K or less. 

No requirement at present 

3.2.1.2.4.2 Characteristics of Component Image 

See 3.2.1.2.4.26 Sheet? 

• -SC-GRET-i-CIORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

. 9-5/6 
NRO APPROVED FOPI, 

RELEASE 1 JULY 201SIANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

-SEGRET-IDOR IAN 

PROGRAM ASSESSMENT MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH BLEYMAIER 

-SEGRE-T-/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 
NRO APPROVED FOR 

RELEASE 1 JULY 2015 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

OR IAN 

MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH BLEYMAIER CLOSED THE FORMAL MEETING OF 

20 SEPTEMBER 1968 WITH A VERBAL SUMMARY OF THE IMAGE VELOCITY 

SENSOR SUBSYSTEM 

S€GRE-T-/DORIAN 

HANDLE VIA BYEMAN SYSTEM ONLY 

10-314