## SECTION 1

New Jersey 200 7 Base Year Inventory SIP

for the

Northern and Southern New Jersey

PM2.5 Nonattainment Areas

Technical Support Documentation1 I. PREFACE

This document is to support EPA's approval of a revision to the New Jersey State

Im plementation Plan (SIP) which pertains to the following:

Where applicable, 2007 base year inventory annual emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and

NH3 for the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut (NNJ) area which include the following counties: Bergen , Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset and Union and the Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia PM2.5 (SNJ) nonattainment areas which include the following counties: Burlington, Camden and Gloucester.

This TSD contains a detaile d review of New Jersey = s 200 7 b ase year e mission I nventory submittal. Among the topics discussed below are the recent history and criteria for approval and

EPA = s final recommendations.

II. BACKGROUND

Section 182(a)( 3 ) and 172(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act r equires the periodic submission of base inventory for SIP planning process to address the pollutants for the eight hour

- ozone, PM2.5 and CO national ambient air quality standard. Identifying the base year gives certainty to States that requires submission of the ozone, PM2.5 and CO emission inventories periodically. These requirements allow the EPA, based on the states ’ progress in reducing emissions, to periodically reassess its policies and air quality standards and revise them as necessary. Most impor tant, the ozone, PM2.5 and CO inventories will be used to develop and assess new control strategies that

the states will need to submit in their attainment demonstration SIPs for the new national ambient air quality standards for ozone, PM2.5 and for CO. The base year inventory may also serve as part of statewide inventories for purposes of regional modeling in transport areas. The base year inventory plays an important role in modeling demonstrations for areas classified as

nonattainment and outside tran sport regions. For the reasons stated above, ideally EPA would therefore emphasize the importance and benefits of developing a comprehensive, current, and accurate ozone and PM2.5 emission inventory (similar to the 1990 base year inventory effort). In

th is case, the 2007 base year has been selected as the inventory that will be used for planning purposes for the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut and Southern New Jersey

Philadelphia PM2.5 nonattainment areas

III. CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL

There are gener al and specific components of an acceptable emission inventory. In general, the State must submit a revision to its SIP and the emission inventory must meet the minimum requirements for reporting by source category. Specifically, the source requirements are detailed

below.2 The Level I and II review process is used to determine that all components of the base year inventory are present. The review also evaluates the level of supporting documentation provided by the State and assesses whether the emission s were developed according to current EPA or acceptable alternative guidance. The data quality is also evaluated.

The Level III review process is outlined here and consists of points that the inventory must adequately address. For a base year emission inventory to be acceptable it must pass all of the following acceptance criteria:

1. Adequate documentation must be provided that enabled the reviewer to determine the emission estimation procedures and the data sources used to develop the inventory.

2. Evi dence that the inventory was quality assured by the state and its implementation

documented.

3. The point source inventory must be complete.

4. Point source emissions must have been prepared or calculated according to the current EPA guidance.

5. The area source inventory must be complete.

6. The area source emissions must have been prepared or calculated according to the current EPA guidance.

7. Non

- road mobile emissions were prepared according to current EPA guidance for all of the source categories.

8. The method (e .g., HPMS or a network transportation planning model) used to develop VMT estimates must follow EPA guidance. The VMT development methods must be adequately described and documented in the inventory report.

9. The MOBILE model must be correctly used to pro duce emission factors for each of the

vehicle classes.

IV. DETAILED ACTION AND EVALUATION

This TSD contains a detail discussion and summary of the review conducted by EPA for, where applicable, the 200 7 base year inventory annual emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3

for the for the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut (NNJ) and Southern New Jersey

-3 Philadelphia (SNJ) PM2.5 nonattainment areas

.

Tables 1A

- B below shows the 200 7 b ase year PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for the NNJ

and SNJ PM2.5 nonatta inment area s

.

Table 1A

- 2007 NNJ PM 2.5 Base Year Inventory (in Tons/Year)

Pollutant Point Area Nonroad Mobile Onroad Mobile Total

PM 2.5 4,937 5,498 2,497 3,677 16,610

NO X 15,828 16,122 39.457 93,385 164,793

SO X 20,360 4,983 5,761 586 31,690

VOC 7, 584 60,560 26,833 47,490 142,667

NH3 804 2,909 37 2,101 5,840

Table 1B

- 2007 SNJ PM 2.5 Base Year Inventory (in Tons/Year)

Pollutant Point Area Nonroad Mobile Onroad Mobile Total

PM 2.5 800 2,837 560 1,055 5,159

NO X 4,453 3,483 6,790 26,992 41,718

SO X 2,034 1,128 1,642 161 4,965

VOC 2,041 17,184 6,490 10,880 36,594

NH3 53 1,032 12 462 1,559

A. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 1 for the Quality Assurance Plan

Quality Assurance Plan Implementation The Quality Assurance (QA) plan was impl emented for all portions of the inventory. The QA plan included a QA/Quality control (QC) program for assessing data completeness and standard range checking. Critical data elements relative to the inventory sources were assessed for completeness. QA ch ecks were performed relative to data collection and analysis, and double counting of emissions from point, area and mobile sources. QA/QC checks were conducted to ensure accuracy of units, unit conversions, transposition of figures, and calculations. The QA plan for the inventory was performed in accordance with section 6.0 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.4 See Appendix V, Section 7 of the SIP Revision f or the Attainment and Maintenance of the PM2.5 NAAQS ( NJ PM2.5 SIP )
, dated July 18, 2012.

B. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 2 and 3 for the Point Source Inventory

Point Source Inventory New Jersey = s inventory includes major point sources based on the following thresholds for each pollutant in tons per year (tpy): 10 tpy or more of VOC, 25 tpy or more of NOx and 100 tpy or

more of PM2.5

, SO2 and NH3 . The inventory report describes how point source activity levels and their associated parameters we re developed, and how the data were used to calculate emission estimates. The report provides referenced documents for activity level and emission factors used. Information on how rule effectiveness and control efficiencies were derived (with

the associa ted sample calculations) is also provided. Plant summary information on detailed, plant, county and nonattainment area levels, are included in the inventory. Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for the PM2.5

n onattainment areas. T he inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.3 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.

See Appendix V, Section 3 of the NJ P M2.5 SIP
, dated July 18, 2012.

C. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 4 and 5 for the Area Source Inventory

Area Source Inventory The inventory lists the source categories that are included in (and excluded from) from the area source inventory. The in ventory documentation includes emissions factors, activity levels, seasonal adjustment factors, and sample calculations. Referenced information for the input values to equations is included. Point source contributions have been correctly factored out of the area source category totals where appropriate. Rule effectiveness, control efficiency and rule penetration were correctly applied for several source categories and a discussion as to the basis for application is provided. Area source emissions are pr esented on a source category, county

and/or nonattainment area basis. Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonattainment areas

. The inventory was developed in

accordance with section 5.4 of Emission I nventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.

The primary sources of anthropogenic ammonia emissions are two agricultural operations,

livestock and fertilizer. Ammonia emission s from livestock and fertilizer were prepared by the USEPA using the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Ammonia Model, version.6. The model runs are based on 2007 activity levels. Ammonia emissions for industrial refrigeration, composting, and publicly own ed treatment works were prepared by the USEPA.5 See Appendix V, Section 4 of the NJ PM2.5 SIP
, dated July 1 8, 2012 and Addendum 1, NJ 2007 Emissions Inventory for VOC and NH 3 dated April 22, 2003.

D. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 7 for Non Road M obile Source Inventory

Nonroad Mobile Source Inventory For the New Jersey, the predominant non

- road mobile source categories (i.e., agricultural equipment, construction equipment, industrial equipment, airport service equipment, light commercial equipment , lawn and garden equipment...etc.) were developed by the Nonroad Emissions Equipment Model 2008 released by EPA's Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ). Nonroad mobile source emissions are presented on a source category, county basis.

Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for

PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of

Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS a nd Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.

Aircraft Emissions Aircraft emissions for are provided for PM2.5, NOx and SO2 were calculated based on the number of landing and takeoffs (LTO) cycles generated at each airport. These values were used

as in puts to the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System, the Federal Aviation Agency modeling tool. Aircraft source emissions are presented on a source category, county basis. Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 f or PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of

Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.

Locomotive Emissions

Where applicable, l ocomotives emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 were calculated based on the estimated fuel consumption or individual railroad systems operating in New Jersey. NJDEP received specific fuel use data from Class II and III, yard/switch, f reight and commuter

locomotive railroads. An estimation of fuel consumption based on gross ton miles and fuel consumption indexes were prepared for those railroads that did not submit statewide fuel data.

For Class I line haul locomotives

, NJ used Class I l ine h aul county level emissions used from the ERTAC 2008 inventory that was developed for the MARAMA States. Locomotive source emissions are presented on a source category, county basis. Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, S O2, VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.

Commercial Marine Vessel Emissions Where applicable, c ommercial marine vessel (CMV) emissions for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and6 NH3 for the Northern New Jersey area were taken from the CMV emissions inventory report prepared by Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC. The inven tory report relied on actual operational data and then used local activity parameters to extend emission estimates to those portions of the CMV not directly inventoried. From this information, emission estimates were prepared based on estimated horsepower demand. The inventory is based on calendar year 2000. NJ projected these emissions from 2000 to 2007 using NJ/NJ Port Authority t rade statistics. CMV emissions for Southern New Jersey were estimated from EPA’s 2008 NEI and 2008 CMV emissions inventory for the Southern New Jersey/ Philadelphia area developed by the State of Pennsylvania. CMV source emissions are presented on a source category, county basis. Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonatta inment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with section 5.5.2 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.

See Appendix V, Section 6 of the NJ PM2.5 S IP
, dated July 18, 2012.

E. Details on How New Jersey Meets Criteria 8 and 9 for the Onroad Source Inventory

Onroad Mobile Source Inventory New Jersey = s mobile source inventory was developed by using the travel demand model (TDM) used by the two Metropolit an Planning Organizations in the States as the basis for estimating actual county level and functional class vehicle miles traveled (VMT) estimates. Estimates were developed from the aforementioned sources for each roadway functional class, by county, in each

of the PM2.5 nonattainment areas.

MOVES2010a Model was used to generate emission factors for on

- road vehicle emission estimates. The breakdown of emissions to the highway vehicle classifications have been provided for in the inventory. The methods used to determine on

- road emission estimates are explained in the report. The report also explains how M OVES2010a emission factors were used, in conjunction with VMT data, to estimate mobile source emissions for the inventoried areas. It provides the so urces for the key inputs into the mobile model. Key assumptions are also

included. The PM2.5, NOx, SO2, VOC and NH3 mobile emissions are presented on county

level by vehicle class . Where applicable, annual emissions are provided for PM2.5, NOx, SO2,

VOC and NH3 for PM2.5 nonattainment areas. The inventory was developed in accordance with

section 5.5.1 of Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of ozone and Particulate Matter NAAQS and Regional Haze Regulation , dated August 2005.

See Appendix VII of the NJ PM2.5 SIP
, dated July 18, 2012.

Conclusion New Jersey has a SIP that will ensure that the requirements of for emission inventory measures and reporting are adequately met. To comply with the emission inventory requirements, the State7 submi tted a complete inventory containing point, area, on

- road, and non

- road mobile source data, and accompanying documentation.

The SIP submittal does not present any particular inconvenient issues associated with enforceability.

Recommendation EPA is approv ing this SIP submittal as meeting the essential reporting requirements for an Emission Inventory. EPA will also make a finding that the SIP revision meets the requirements

for emission inventories.